abscess

From Latin abscessus (“a going away; gathering of humors, abscess”), from abscēdō (“go away, depart”), from abs (“away from”) + cēdō (“go”). See cede.

der

The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles

Oxford University Press
w:Oxford University Press

(pathology) A cavity caused by tissue destruction, usually because of infection, filled with pus and surrounded by inflamed tissue.


transvestite

Borrowed from Latin trāns + vestītus, form of vestiō (“I clothe, I dress”) (as in English vestment, vest). Literally, a "cross-dresser". From transvestitism, from German Transvestitismus, coined in 1910 by Magnus Hirschfeld (the practice itself is much older).

(clinical psychology, psychiatry, pathology) A person, typically a heterosexual male, who compulsively seeks and derives paraphilic sexual arousal from cross-dressing, especially if the urges and behavior cause the patient distress or social impairment.


growth

en-noun

growth (countable and uncountable, plural growths)

From grow + -th (abstract nominal suffix). Compare Old Frisian grēd ("meadow, pasture"; > North Frisian greyde (“growth, pasture”)), Middle High German gruote, gruot (“greens, fresh growth, shoot”), Old Norse gróðr ("growth, crop"; > Faroese grøði, Danish grøde (“fruits”), Swedish gröda (“crop, harvest”)). More at grow.

gloss

"meadow, pasture"; > North Frisian <i class="Latn mention" lang="frr">greyde</i> (“growth, pasture”)

(pathology) An abnormal mass such as a tumor.

bujení

pathology: abnormal mass such as a tumor


AD

en-noun

AD (countable and uncountable, plural ADs)

ADs (plural)
A.D. (alternative)
A. D. (alternative)

2015 — Larochelle, Stéphane (December 2015). "STOMPing at the bits". Nature Methods 12 (12): 1114. doi:10.1038/nmeth.3679. Retrieved 19 February 2016.
Many neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), involve pathological protein deposits.

Alzheimer's disease
Alzheimer's disease#English

(uncountable, pathology) Initialism of Alzheimer's disease.


AA

AA (countable and uncountable, plural AAs)

(pathology) Initialism of acute appendicitis.

(pathology) Initialism of allergic asthma.

The existence of many autoimmune concurrent diseases supports that AA is an autoimmune disease. […] The incidence of type I diabetes in AA is intriguing; it is decreased in AA patients and increased in their relatives.

2012, Yoshihiro Kuwano, Manabu Fujimoto, “Alopecia areata and chemokine”, in Victor R. Preedy, editor, Handbook of Hair in Health and Disease, Wageningen Academic Publishers, →ISBN, page 203:

(pathology) Initialism of alopecia areata.

anaplastic astrocytoma
w:anaplastic astrocytoma

(pathology) Initialism of anaplastic astrocytoma.

This issue of Circulation has an interesting contribution from Reed et al,¹ who advance the point of view that aortic aneurysms (AAs) are “caused” by atherosclerosis. […] The authors propose two arguments in support of a “causal” relation between atherosclerotic risk factors and the development of AAs.

1992 January 1, M. David Tilson, “Aortic Aneurysms and Atherosclerosis”, in Circulation, volume 85, number 1, →DOI, page 378:

(pathology) Initialism of aortic aneurysm.

Aplastic anemia (AA) secondary to radiotherapy presents a difficult situation in the treatment of both the malignant tumor and AA itself. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of avatrombopag (AVA), a thrombopoietin receptor agonist, in patients with AA secondary to chemoradiotherapy.

2023 January, Yarong Chi, Qinglin Hu, Chen Yang, Miao Chen, Bing Han, “Avatrombopag is effective in patients with chemoradiotherapy-induced aplastic anemia: a single-center, retrospective study”, in Experimental Hematology, volume 117, →DOI, page 62:

(pathology) Initialism of aplastic anemia.


AIDS

→ Albanian: AIDS, aids

→ Czech: AIDS

→ Finnish: AIDS

→ Hindi: एड्स (eḍs), एड्ज़ (eḍz)

→ Hungarian: AIDS

→ Japanese: AIDS (AIDS)

→ Latvian: AIDS

→ Portuguese: AIDS

→ Swedish: aids

→ Telugu: ఎయిడ్స్ (eyiḍs)

desc

→ Urdu: ایڈس, ایڈز

→ Urdu: ایڈس, ایڈز

→ Yoruba: éèdì

Patients with AIDS become highly susceptible to infection by intracellular microbes normally contained by T cells (Fig. 4.8).

2007, Clinical Pathology, →ISBN, page 50:

acquired immune deficiency syndrome#English

(pathology, acronym) Acquired immune deficiency syndrome.

Vigs

acquired immune deficiency syndrome — see also acquired immune deficiency syndrome

atsʼíís yichʼą́ą́h naabaahii bąąh dah hazʼą́ yileehgo


acidosis

en-noun

acidosis (countable and uncountable, plural acidoses)

(pathology) An abnormally increased acidity of the blood.


storm

→ Esperanto: ŝtormo

→ Irish: stoirm

→ Scottish Gaelic: stoirm

From Middle English storm (“disturbed state of the atmosphere; heavy precipitation; battle, conflict; attack”) [and other forms], from Old English storm (“tempest, storm; attack; storm of arrows; disquiet, disturbance, tumult, uproar; onrush, rush”) [and other forms], from Proto-West Germanic *sturm (“storm”), from Proto-Germanic *sturmaz (“storm”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)twerH- (“to agitate, stir up; to propel; to urge on”). Related to stir.
Cognates
* Danish storm (“storm”)
* Dutch storm (“storm”)
* German Sturm (“storm”)
* Icelandic stormur (“storm”)
* Low German storm (“storm”)
* Norwegian Bokmål storm (“storm”)
* Norwegian Nynorsk storm (“storm”)
* Scots storm (“storm”)
* Swedish storm (“storm”)
* West Frisian stoarm (“storm”)

nb...

starme, steorm, storem, storme, stourme, strom

storm

disturbed state of the atmosphere causing destructive or unpleasant weather

asthmatic storm    cytokine storm

He ſvvet and ſvvet againe vvith ſuch exceſſiue ſvvoonings, as not only himſelfe, but likevviſe all the beholders, did verily deeme, that his life vvas ending. This ſtorme and miſhappe endured about ſome tvvo hovvres, after vvhich hee remayned not cured as his Maſter, but ſo vveary and indiſpoſed, as hee vvas not able to ſtand.

1612, [Miguel de Cervantes], “Wherein are Rehearsed the Innumerable Misfortunes which Don-Quixote and His Good Squire Sancho Suffered in the Inne, which He to His Harme Thought to be a Castle”, in Thomas Shelton, transl., The History of the Valorous and Wittie Knight-errant Don-Quixote of the Mancha. […], London: […] William Stansby, for Ed[ward] Blount and W. Barret, →OCLC, part 3, page 136:

(pathology) Chiefly with a qualifying word: a violent attack of diease, pain, physiological reactions, symptoms, etc.; a paroxysm.

kohtaus

violent attack of diease, pain, physiological reactions, symptoms, etc. — see also paroxysm


stye

First recorded in the 17th century; probably a back-formation from Middle English styanye (first recorded in the 15th century), which in turn comes from Old English stīgend (“a small tumour on the edge of the eyelid, stye”), from the verb stīgan (“to climb, ascend, rise”) + Middle English eie (“eye”). Equivalent to sty + eye.

have a stye

suffer from a stye

(pathology) A bacterial infection in the eyelash or eyelid.

ulcior

bacterial infection of the eyelash or eyelid


cold

en-noun

cold (countable and uncountable, plural colds)

From Middle English cold, colde, from Old English cald, ċeald (“cold, coldness”), from Proto-West Germanic *kald, from Proto-Germanic *kaldą (“coldness”), from Proto-Indo-European *gel- (“cold”).
Cognates
Compare Saterland Frisian Keelde (“cold”), West Frisian kjeld (“cold”), Dutch koude (“cold”), German Low German Kolle, Koll (“cold”), German Kälte (“cold”), Danish kulde (“cold”), Swedish köld (“cold”), Norwegian kulde (“cold”), Icelandic kuldi (“cold”).

I caught a miserable cold and had to stay home for a week

Dr. Jon S. Abramson, a pediatric infectious disease expert at Wake Forest Medical School, has found no medical evidence to support feeding a cold and starving a fever. He is particularly offended by the latter part of the phrase. […] “Always feed both colds and fevers,” Abramson said.

2016 September 16, Hailey Middlebrook, “Should you really feed a cold and starve a fever?”, in CNN:

(countable, pathology) A common, usually harmless, usually viral illness, usually with congestion of the nasal passages and sometimes fever.


grape

grape (countable and uncountable, plural grapes)

From Middle English grape, from Old French grape, grappe, crape (“cluster of fruit or flowers, bunch of grapes”), from graper, craper (“to pick grapes”, literally “to hook”), of Germanic origin, from Frankish *krappō (“hook”), from Proto-Indo-European *greb- (“hook”), *gremb- (“crooked, uneven”), from *ger- (“to turn, bend, twist”). Cognate with Middle Dutch krappe (“hook”), Old High German krapfo (“hook”) (whence German Krapfen (“Berliner doughnut”). Doublet of grappa. More at cramp.

mountain grape

Vitis rupestris; Berberis aquifolium, syn. Mahonia aquifolium

possum grape

Vitis vulpina; Vitis baileyana; Cissus spp.

racoon grape

Vitis labrusca et al.; Ampelopsis cordata

(pathology) A mangy tumour on a horse's leg.


epilepsy

en-noun

epilepsy (countable and uncountable, plural epilepsies)

Since 16th century; borrowed from French épilepsie, from Latin epilēpsia, from Ancient Greek ἐπιληψίᾱ (epilēpsíā), from ἐπιλαμβάνω (epilambánō, “I seize”), from ἐπι- (epi-, “upon”) + λαμβάνω (lambánō, “I take”). Displaced native Old English fiellesēocnes (literally “falling sickness”).

ncog

Epilepsies, or fallings and reelings, and beastly vomitings. The least of these, even when the tongue begins to be untied, is a degree of drunkenness.

1651, Jer[emy] Taylor, The Rule and Exercises of Holy Living. […], 2nd edition, London: […] Francis Ashe […], →OCLC:

(pathology) A medical condition in which the sufferer experiences seizures (or convulsions) and blackouts.


lupus

Borrowed from Latin lupus (“wolf”). Doublet of lobo and wolf.

You like the name quesalupa? That is a little like "case of lupus". I just keep thinking about that.

2015 January 21, 00:05:15 from the start, in Conan Visits Taco Bell (Conan), Conan O'Brien (actor), Team Coco:

Iberdomide, a cereblon modulator promoting degradation of the transcription factors Ikaros and Aiolos, which affect leukocyte development and autoimmunity, is being evaluated for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

2022 March 17, Joan T. Merrill, Victoria P. Werth, Richard Furie et al., “Phase 2 Trial of Iberdomide in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus”, in The New England Journal of Medicine, volume 386, number 11, →DOI, page 1034:

systemic lupus erythematosus
systemic lupus erythematosus

(pathology) Any of a number of autoimmune diseases, the most common of which is systemic lupus erythematosus.


MG

en-noun

MG (countable and uncountable, plural MGs)

myasthenia gravis
myasthenia gravis#English

(countable, pathology) Initialism of myasthenia gravis.


NF

necrotizing fasciitis
necrotizing fasciitis#English

(pathology) Initialism of necrotizing fasciitis.

(pathology) Initialism of neurofibromatosis.


MC

MC (countable and uncountable, plural MCs or MC's)

molluscum contagiosum
molluscum contagiosum#English

(medicine, pathology) Initialism of molluscum contagiosum.


TB

TB (countable and uncountable, plural TBs)


MD

MDs (plural)
M.D. (alternative)
M. D. (alternative)

macular degeneration
macular degeneration#English

(pathology) Abbreviation of macular degeneration.


hay fever

hay fever (usually uncountable, plural hay fevers)

hay fevers (plural)
hay-fever (alternative)
hayfever (alternative)

First attested by John Bostock in 1819. The smell of hay in the summer was thought to be the origin of the condition.

(pathology, immunology) An allergy to the pollen of grass or other plants that causes symptoms similar to those of a cold; pollinosis.


down

en-adj

down (comparative more down, superlative most down)

tlb

(chiefly predicative, but see usage notes)

more down (comparative)
most down (superlative)

From Middle English doun, doune, from Old English dūne (“down”), aphetic form of adūne (“down, downward”), from earlier ofdūne (“down”, literally “off the hill”), from of (“of, off of”) + dūn (“hill, mount, dune, down”). More at Etymology 2 below. For the development from directional phrases to prepositions, compare Middle Low German dāle (“down, downwards”, literally “(in/to the) dale/valley”), whence German Low German dal (“down”). Compare also Saterland Frisian deel (“down”, literally “to/into the dale”).

ncog

a down cow

(veterinary medicine, of a cow) Stranded in a recumbent position; unable to stand.


acidity

en-noun

acidity (countable and uncountable, plural acidities)

From French acidité, from Latin aciditātem, accusative singular of aciditās (“sourness, acidity”), from acidus (“sour, acid”). Equivalent to acid + -ity.

(pathology) Excessive acid quality, as in gastric secretions.


leukemia

leukemia (countable and uncountable, plural leukemias)

leukemias (plural)
leucaemia (alternative)
leucemia (alternative)
leukaemia (alternative)
leucæmia (alternative)
leuchaemia (alternative)
leuchemia (alternative)
leukæmia (alternative)
leuchæmia (alternative)
leukhæmia (alternative)

From German Leukämie, from Ancient Greek λευκός (leukós, “white”) + αἷμα (haîma, “blood”). By surface analysis, leuk- + -emia.

The subjects suffered from lymphoblastic and myeloid leukemias.

In an era when political leaders promise deliverance from decline through America’s purported preeminence in scientific research, the news that science is in deep trouble in the United States has been as unwelcome as a diagnosis of leukemia following the loss of health insurance.

2012 January 7, Philip E. Mirowski, “Harms to Health from the Pursuit of Profits”, in American Scientist, volume 100, number 1, page 87:

(oncology, pathology) Any of a class of types of cancer affecting the blood cells, especially the white blood cells (usually with massive leukocytosis), and the blood cell–forming (hematopoietic) tissues.

tumors of the hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues


throw

en-verb

throw (third-person singular simple present throws, present participle throwing, simple past threw or (nonstandard) throwed, past participle thrown or (nonstandard) throwed or (nonstandard) threw)

throws (present singular third-person)
throwing (participle present)
threw (past)
throwed (nonstandard past)
thrown (participle past)
throwed (nonstandard participle past)
threw (nonstandard participle past)
throw (infinitive)
throw (first-person present singular)
threw (first-person past singular)
throw (present second-person singular)
throwest (archaic present second-person singular)
threw (past second-person singular)
threwst (archaic past second-person singular)
throws (present singular third-person)
throweth (archaic present singular third-person)
threw (past singular third-person)
throw (plural present)
threw (past plural)
throw (present subjunctive)
threw (past subjunctive)
throw (imperative present)
throwing (participle present)
thrown (participle past)
thrun (dialectal participle past)

From Middle English throwen, thrawen, from Old English þrāwan (“to turn, twist”), from Proto-West Germanic *þrāan, from Proto-Germanic *þrēaną (“to twist, turn”), from Proto-Indo-European *terh₁- (“to rub, rub by twisting, twist, turn”).
Cognate with Scots thraw (“to twist, turn, throw”), West Frisian triuwe (“to push”), Dutch draaien (“to turn”), Low German draien, dreien (“to turn (in a lathe)”), German drehen (“to turn”).
Displaced warp as the word for hurling and was displaced by warp as the word for twisting.

der

dip me in chocolate and throw me to the lesbians

people who live in glass houses shouldn't throw stones

throw enough mud at the wall and some of it will stick

throw enough mud at the wall, some of it will stick

throw nickels around like manhole covers

throw oneself on someone's mercy not have a pot to piss in or a window to throw it out of

throw one's hotdog down someone's hallway

throw things at the wall and see what sticks

trust someone as far as one could throw them

At the end of the normal gestation period the cow threw two calf mummies as large as cats.

1916, Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, volume 49:

They can kid twice a year if things are right, and they often throw twins and triplets.

2008, Monte Dwyer, Red In The Centre: The Australian Bush Through Urban Eyes, Monyer Pty Ltd, page 200:

(transitive, veterinary medicine) Of animals: to give birth to (young).


mildew

→ Catalan: míldiu

→ French: mildiou

→ Portuguese: míldio

→ Spanish: mildiu

From Middle English myldew, from Old English meledēaw, mildēaw, from Proto-West Germanic *milidauw, from *mili (“honey”) + *dauw (“dew”). Compare West Frisian moaldau, Dutch meeldauw, German Mehltau. More at dew.

(phytopathology) A growth of minute powdery or webby fungi, whitish or of different colors, found on various diseased or decaying substances.


PHP

(pathology) Initialism of pseudohypoparathyroidism.


ABC

en-noun

ABC (countable and uncountable, plural ABCs)

In the long bones, spine, and flat bones, the majority of aneurysmal bone cysts (ABCs) are eccentrically located whereas in the short tubular bones they are usually central in location. […] About 15% of all giant cell tumors have cystic areas that resemble ABC, and in about one third of all ABCs a pre-existing lesion can be identified.

2013, Georges Y. El-Khoury, “Tumors/Miscellaneous: Aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC)”, in D. Lee Bennett, Georges Y. El-Khoury, editors, Pearls and Pitfalls in Musculoskeletal Imaging: Variants and Other Difficult Diagnoses, Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 219:

aneurysmal bone cyst
w:aneurysmal bone cyst

(pathology) Initialism of aneurysmal bone cyst.

adenoid basal cell carcinoma
w:adenoid basal cell carcinoma

(pathology) Initialism of adenoid basal cell carcinoma.


FM

FM (countable and uncountable, plural FMs)

FMs (plural)
F.M. (alternative)
F. M. (alternative)


NHL

non-Hodgkin lymphoma
non-Hodgkin lymphoma#English

(pathology) Initialism of non-Hodgkin lymphoma.


VL

VL (countable and uncountable, plural VLs)

visceral leishmaniasis
visceral leishmaniasis#English

(pathology) Initialism of visceral leishmaniasis.


omicron

/əʊˈmaɪkɹɒn/

/əʊˈmaɪkɹən/

/ˈoʊməˌkɹɑn/

/ˈoʊmɪˌkɹɑn/

Johann Bayer
Uranometria
en:omicron (disambiguation)

From Latin omicron, from Koine Greek ὂ μῑκρόν (ò mīkrón, “little o”), named in contrast with omega (“big o”). The uncommon form omicra is similarly borrowed from Latin and Greek. The use for designating stars in a constellation—typically in order of apparent brightness—began with Johann Bayer's 1603 Uranometria.

der

Omicron (alternative)
omikron (alternative)
Omikron (alternative)
o (alternative)
O (alternative)
Ο (alternative)
ο (alternative)

(virology, pathology) Ellipsis of Omicron variant.


jaundice

en-noun

jaundice (countable and uncountable, plural jaundices)

jaundices (plural)
jaundies (alternative obsolete)

/ˈd͡ʒɔːndɪs/

From Middle English jaundis, jaunis, from Middle French jaunisse, from jaune (“yellow”) + -isse (“-ness”). Jaune, from Old French jalne, from Latin galbinus (“yellowish”), from galbus (“yellow”).

Why ſhould a man whoſe bloud is warme within, / Sit like his Grandſire, cut in Alabaſter? / Sleepe when he wakes? and creep into the Iaundies / By being peeuiſh?

c. 1596–1598 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merchant of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i], page 163:

But look in this new mirror, lovely friend. / Both gods and fairies wait on lovers' wills. / That jaundices be changed to daffodils!

1920, Natalie Clifford Barney, “A Sonnet to My Lady with the Jaundice”, in Poems & poèmes:

In British folk medicine there are some unusual remedies for jaundice. A bizarre superstition from Staffordshire is that if a bladder is filled with the patient's urine and placed near the fire, as it dries out, the patient will recover (Black 1883: 56).

2004, Gabrielle Hatfield, Encyclopedia of Folk Medicine: Old World and New World Traditions, ABC-CLIO, →ISBN, page 215:

Just ask the doctors how many cases of infantile jaundice in newborn babies have this scene that particular week?

2016, Dueep Jyot Singh, John Davidson, Knowing More About Jaundice - Prevention and Natural Cure Remedies of Jaundice, Mendon Cottage Books, →ISBN, page 8:

(pathology) A morbid condition, characterized by yellowness of the eyes, skin, and urine.


jaundiced

en-adj

jaundiced (comparative more jaundiced, superlative most jaundiced)

more jaundiced (comparative)
most jaundiced (superlative)

Jaundiced eyes seem to see all objects yellow.

1640, Joseph Hall, Episcopacy by Divine Right:

Overhanging her precarious body was a jaundiced face whose skin resembled a sheet of parchment paper punctured by two emotionless eyes.

2001, Dan Brown, Deception Point, →ISBN, page 72:


consumption

en-noun

consumption (usually uncountable, plural consumptions)

From Middle English consumpcioun, from Old French consumpcion, from Latin cōnsūmptiō, from cōnsūmō + -tiō, from con- (“with, together”) + sūmō (“take; consume”). Equivalent to consume + -tion.

af

(pathology) The wasting away of the human body through disease.

úbytě

wasting-away of the human body through disease

And then as to your ſcurvys, and gouts, rheumatiſms, conſumptions, coughs and catarrhs, tar-vvater and turpentine vvill make you as ſound as a roach.

1763 June 20 (first performance), Samuel Foote, The Mayor of Garret. A Comedy, […], London: […] P[aul] Vaillant, […], published 1764, →OCLC, Act I, scene i, page 4:

Pulmonary tuberculosis
pulmonary tuberculosis

(pathology, dated) Pulmonary tuberculosis and other diseases that cause wasting away, lung infection, etc.


aphasia

en-noun

aphasia (countable and uncountable, plural aphasias)

aphasias (plural)
aphasy (alternative dated)

From French aphasie, from Ancient Greek ἀφασία (aphasía), from ἄφατος (áphatos, “speechless”), from ἀ- (a-, “not”) + φάσις (phásis, “speech”). Equivalent to a- + -phasia.

The very disease aphasia is to most of us a new one; and we venture to say that even yet no one can give a satisfactory definition of Trousseau's new term.

1865, “Discussions upon Aphasia”, in Medical and Surgical Reporter, volume 8, page 197:

Of one form of aphasia we have an accurate description by Van Swieten, in his chapter on apoplexia:―"Vidi plures, qui ab apoplexiâ curati omnibus functionibus cerebri recte valebant, nisi quod deesset, hoc unicum, quod non possent vera rebus designandis vocabula invenire."

1865, J. T. Banks, “On the Loss of Language in Cerebral Disease”, in Dublin quarterly journal of medical science, volume 39, page 63:

The Doctor came over in three minutes, and heard the story. ‘It's aphasia,’ he said.

1888, Rudyard Kipling, “The Conversion of Aurelian McGoggin”, in Plain Tales from the Hills, Folio, published 2005, page 76:

Bruce Willis, the prolific action-movie star, has been diagnosed with aphasia — a disorder that affects the brain’s language center and a person’s ability to understand or express speech — and will step away from acting, his ex-wife, Demi Moore, announced in an Instagram post on Wednesday.

2022 March 30, Maya Salam, “Bruce Willis Has Aphasia and Is ‘Stepping Away’ From His Career”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

(pathology) A partial or total loss of language skills due to brain damage. Usually, damage to the left perisylvian region, including Broca's area and Wernicke's area, causes aphasia.


affect

en-verb

affect (third-person singular simple present affects, present participle affecting, simple past and past participle affected)

affects (present singular third-person)
affecting (participle present)
affected (participle past)
affected (past)

From Middle English affecten, from Latin affectāre, from Latin affectus, the participle stem of Latin afficere (“to act upon, influence, affect, attack with disease”), from ad- + facere (“to make, do”).

der

Hepatitis affects the liver.

(transitive, pathology) Of an illness or condition, to infect or harm (a part of the body).


bunion

bunions (plural)
bunyon (alternative)
bunian (alternative)
bunnion (alternative)
bunnian (alternative)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-bunion.wav

From alteration of earlier bunny (“lump, swelling”), from Middle English bony, boni (“bunion, swelling”), perhaps Italian bubbone (augmented form of bugno (“beehive”)), or more likely from Lombard bugnon (“bunyon”), all three from Old French bugne, buigne, bune (“bump, knob, swelling”), from Old Norse bunga (“an elevation, bulge”) or Frankish *bungjō (“a swelling, lump, bump”), both from Proto-Germanic *bungô, *bunkô (“lump, clump, heap, crowd”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰenǵʰ- (“thick, dense, fat”). Cognate with Dutch bonk (“lump, clump”), German Bunge (“swelling, tuber”).

(pathology) A bump or bulge on the first joint of the big toe caused by the swelling of a sac of fluid under the skin.

бурси́т

большо́го па́льца стопы́

ши́шка

на нару́жной стороне́ большо́го па́льца ноги́

válʹgusnaja deformácija pérvovo pálʹca stopý

вальгусная деформа́ция первого пальца стопы


wart

From Middle English warte, werte, from Old English wearte, from Proto-West Germanic *wartā, from Proto-Germanic *wartǭ. Cognate with Dutch wrat, German Warze, Hunsrik Waarz, Swedish vårta and Danish vorte.

A wart has appeared on my toe.

human papillomavirus
human papillomavirus

(pathology) A type of deformed growth occurring on the skin caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV).


tuberculosis

en-noun

tuberculosis (countable and uncountable, plural tuberculoses)

To international scientific vocabulary from New Latin tūberculōsis, from Latin tūberculum (diminutive of tūber (“lump”)) + Latin -ōsis (“diseased condition”); by surface analysis, tubercul(um) + -osis; named for the encapsulated colonies of Mycobacterium tuberculosis within the lungs in pulmonary tuberculosis, which can look like small tubers (tubercles) on gross pathology. The disease has existed throughout human experience and had other names for millennia before scientific medicine renamed it with a New Latin term in the mid-19th century (1840s); in English it was called consumption because of the wasting away that consumed health and seemed even to consume flesh in some cases (for example, causing fistulas and tissue breakdown).

surf

With smallpox gone, tuberculosis is today the deadliest infectious disease on the planet.

2019, Bill Bryson, The Body: A Guide for Occupants, Black Swan (2020), page 380:

Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Mycobacterium tuberculosis#Translingual

(pathology) An infectious disease of humans and animals caused by a species of mycobacterium, usually Mycobacterium tuberculosis, mainly infecting the lungs where it causes tubercles characterized by the expectoration of mucus and sputum, fever, weight loss, and chest pain, and transmitted through inhalation or ingestion of bacteria.

gross pathology
international scientific vocabulary
tuberculosis
tuberculosis#Names


pneumoconiosis

en-noun

pneumoconiosis (countable and uncountable, plural pneumoconioses)

From New Latin pneumoconiōsis, from Ancient Greek πνεῦμα (pneûma, “wind, breath, spirit”) + κόνις (kónis, “dust”) + -osis.

der

Zhang Haichao was twenty-eight when he got pneumoconiosis. He was fit and well before he started working at an abrasive-materials factory in Xinmi, not far from Zhengzhou, the capital of Henan, where he comes from. On the job, he inhaled a huge amount of dust every day. In the second half of 2007, he began to cough and felt short of breath.

2012, Hsiao-Hung Pai, Scattered Sand: The Story of China's Rural Migrants, Verso Books, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 86:

Wu Dengfan, a 40-year-old farmer from Gulang county in Gansu who worked at a gold mine close to the Mongolian border from 1996 to 2006, had a similar experience.
“We even preferred not to wear masks inside the mine, because it made breathing even more difficult,” said Wu, who has stage II pneumoconiosis. “When we finished our work and came out of the mine, each of us was completely covered in dust.”

2018 January 13, Alice Yan, “These migrant workers helped China prosper. Now they’re dying and not getting the help they need”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2018-01-13, People & Culture:

(pathology) A disease of the lungs caused by inhalation of particulate matter.


paralysis

en-noun

paralysis (countable and uncountable, plural paralyses)

/pəˈɹæləsəs/

Borrowed from Latin paralysis, from Ancient Greek παράλυσις (parálusis, “palsy”), from παραλύω (paralúō, “to disable on one side”). By surface analysis, para- + -lysis. Doublet of palsy.

der

(pathology) The complete loss of voluntary control of part of a person's body, such as one or more limbs.


bovine spongiform encephalopathy

en-noun

bovine spongiform encephalopathy (uncountable)

The outbreaks of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (mad cow disease) have limited some traditional uses of cattle for food, for example the eating of brains or spinal cords.

(pathology, neurology) A fatal, neurodegenerative disease of cattle, which is transmissible to humans through misshaped prion proteins, caused by eating infected tissues.

牛海綿状脳症

うしかいめんじょうのうしょう

gubčataja encefalopatija krupnovo rogatovo skota

губчатая энцефалопатия крупного рогатого скота


BSE

(pathology, neurology) Initialism of bovine spongiform encephalopathy.


mad cow disease

(colloquial, veterinary, pathology) Synonym of bovine spongiform encephalopathy.

جُنُون البَقَر

informal: bovine spongiform encephalopathy


alopecia

alopecia (countable and uncountable, plural alopecias)

alopecias (plural)
alopecy (alternative dated)

/ˌæl.əʊˈpiː.ʃə/

Borrowed from Latin alopecia, from the Ancient Greek ἀλωπεκία (alōpekía, “fox-mange”), from ἀλώπηξ (alṓpēx, “fox”) + -ία (-ía, a formative ending used in Ancient Greek, especially used in naming diseases).

af

(pathology) Deficiency of the hair, which may be caused by failure to grow or loss after growth.


Alzheimer's disease

Named after Alois Alzheimer (1864–1915), a German neurologist who described the disease in 1906.

(neurology, pathology) A disorder involving loss of mental functions resulting from brain tissue changes; senile dementia of the Alzheimer's type.

Alzheimersiekte

mental disorder from brain tissue changes


hernia

en-noun

hernia (plural hernias or herniae or (dated) herniæ)

hernias (plural)
herniae (plural)
herniæ (dated plural)

Borrowed from Latin hernia (“protruded viscus”). See also yarn and cord.

give someone a hernia

have a hernia

(pathology) A disorder in which a part of the body protrudes abnormally through a tear or opening in an adjacent part, especially of the abdomen.

breuk

part of the body protruding abnormally through a tear or opening in an adjacent part


Parkinson's disease

Named after English physician James Parkinson (1755-1824).

(neurology, pathology) A chronic neurological disorder affecting movement, characterized by tremor, slowness of movement (bradykinesia), cogwheel or lead-pipe rigidity, and postural instability.


acholia

From New Latin acholia, from Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-, “not”) + χολή (kholḗ, “bile”).

The intensely bilious color of the liver shows that the discoloration of the contents of the intestines is not due to arrested production of bile, that is to acholia.

1875, Felix von Niemeyer, translated by Geoorge H. Humphreys and Charles E. Hackley, A Text-book of Practical Medicine, with Particular Reference to Physiology and Pathological Anatomy, page 692:

This then illustrates acholia in the literal sense of the word, and explains the absence of icterus in spite of the complete obliteration of the ductus communis choledochus.

1884, The Journal of the American Medical Association, volume 2, page 320:

A 1-month 3-week-old infant with a history of neonatal jaundice, cholestasis, and acholia is admitted to our hospital to rule out biliary atresia and further treatment.

2012, Carmen Gallego Herrera, Enrique Medina Benítez, “Case 1: Percutaneous Ultrasound-guided Liver Biopsy”, in María I. Martínez-León, Antonio Martínez-Valverde, Luisa Ceres-Ruiz, editors, Imaging for Pediatricians: 100 Key Cases, page 163:

(medicine, pathology) Deficiency or absence of bile.


mange

mange (usually uncountable, plural manges)

From Middle English manjewe, manjeue, from Old French manjue, derived from mangier (“to eat”) (modern French manger (“to eat”)), from Latin manducare.

Not yet come! [the] worrying of wolves, biting of mad dogs, the manges, and the—

1621, William Rowley, Thomas Dekker, John Ford, The Witch of Edmonton:

(veterinary medicine) A skin disease of nonhuman mammals caused by parasitic mites (Sarcoptes spp., Demodecidae spp.).


fungus

fungus (countable and uncountable, plural fungi or (nonstandard, rare) funguses or (nonstandard, rare) fungusses)

fungi (plural)
funguses (nonstandard plural rare)
fungusses (nonstandard plural rare)

→ Irish: fungas

Borrowed from Latin fungus (“mushroom”).

(now rare, pathology) A spongy, abnormal excrescence, such as excessive granulation tissue formed in a wound.


felon

From Middle English feloun, felone (“type of carbuncle or sore with pus; swelling on a hawk’s body”), possibly from Old French *felon, from Latin fel (“bile, gall; bitterness; poison; venom”): see etymology 1.

der

He hev been away from home for a few days, since he's had that felon upon his finger; for a' said, since I can't work I'll have a hollerday.

1874, Thomas Hardy, “In the Sun—a Harbinger”, in Far from the Madding Crowd. […], volume II, London: Smith, Elder & Co., […], →OCLC, page 31:

(pathology, veterinary medicine) A small infected sore; an abscess, a boil; specifically, a whitlow (“infection near or under the cuticle of a fingernail or toenail”).


syphilis

From New Latin syphilis, originally the title of a poem by Girolamo Fracastoro concerning “Syphilus”, a shepherd boy who insulted the Greek god Apollo and was punished by that god with a horrible disease.

Treponema pallidum
Treponema pallidum#Translingual

(pathology) A disease spread via sexual activity, caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum.

زُهَرِيّ

sexual disease caused by Treponema pallidum


carrier

From Middle English cariere, partly from carien + -ere, after Anglo-Norman carier, cariour, and partly directly from Anglo-Norman. By surface analysis, carry + -er.

но́сьбіт

person or object that carries someone or something else

(genetics, pathology) A person or other organism that has a genetic trait, mutation or infection liable to cause a disease, but displays no symptoms.

حَامِل

person or organism that has inherited a trait or disease but displays no symptoms


cancer

en-noun

cancer (countable and uncountable, plural cancers)

Bislama: kansa

Krio: kansa

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਕੈਂਸਰ (kainsar)

Shahmukhi script: کینسر (kainsar)

→ Swahili: kansa

Tok Pisin: kensa

→ Urdu: کینسر (kainsar)

→ Welsh: canser

Borrowed from Latin cancer (“crab”), a calque of Ancient Greek καρκίνος (karkínos, “crab; ulcer; cancer”) (possibly cognate), applied to cancerous tumors because the enlarged veins resembled the legs of a crab. Doublet of canker and chancre.

calque

If successful, Edison and Ford—in 1914—would move society away from the[…]hazards of gasoline cars: air and water pollution, noise and noxiousness, constant coughing and the undeniable rise in cancers caused by smoke exhaust particulates.

2006, Edwin Black, chapter 1, in Internal Combustion:

Risk is everywhere. From tabloid headlines insisting that coffee causes cancer (yesterday, of course, it cured it) to stern government warnings about alcohol and driving, the world is teeming with goblins. For each one there is a frighteningly precise measurement of just how likely it is to jump from the shadows and get you.

2013 June 22, “Snakes and ladders”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8841, page 76:

Cancers are common diseases; in the aggregate, they are among the leading causes of death nationally and worldwide, and their incidence is increasing as the population ages.

2015 February 26, Francis S. Collins, Harold Varmus, “A New Initiative on Precision Medicine”, in The New England Journal of Medicine, volume 372, number 9, →DOI, pages 793–794:

(medicine, oncology, pathology) A disease in which the cells of a tissue undergo uncontrolled (and often rapid) proliferation.

kanker

disease of uncontrolled cellular proliferation


snare

From Middle English snare, from Old English snearu (“snare, noose”), from Proto-West Germanic *snarhā, from Proto-Germanic *snarhǭ (“a sling; loop; noose”). Cognate with Old Norse snara. Also related to German Schnur and Dutch snaar, snoer.

inh

(veterinary) A loop of cord used in obstetric cases, to hold or to pull a fetus from the mother animal.


imp

en-verb

imp (third-person singular simple present imps, present participle imping, simple past and past participle imped)

imps (present singular third-person)
imping (participle present)
imped (participle past)
imped (past)

From Middle English impen, ympen (“to plant; (figuratively) to bury; to graft; to add to, insert, put into, set in; to mend (a falcon’s feather) by attaching a new feather on to the broken stump”), from Old English impian, ġeimpian (“to graft”), from Proto-West Germanic *impōn (“to graft”), from Vulgar Latin *imputō (“to graft”), from Ancient Greek ἔμφῠτος (émphŭtos, “implanted; planted”), from ἐμφῠ́ω (emphŭ́ō, “to implant”, from ἐν- (en-, prefix meaning ‘in’) + φῠ́ω (phŭ́ō, “to bring forth, produce; to grow”, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH- (“to appear; to become; to grow”))) + -τος (-tos).

af

ultimately from Proto-Indo-European <i class="Latn mention" lang="ine-pro">*bʰuH-</i> (“to appear; to become; to grow”)

I have known feathers so imped that the eye could not discern the place of juncture, and it was difficult even to discover it by passing the thumb-nail down the shaft of the imped feather.

1900, E[dward] B[lair] Michell, “Accidents and Maladies”, in The Art and Practice of Hawking, London: Methuen & Co. […], →OCLC, page 229:

Bird rehabilitators borrow a trick from falconry with the age-old process of imping flight feathers on to a damaged bird.

2004, Roseann Tomko, Illinois Audubon, Wayne, Ill.: Illinois Audubon Society, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 19, column 1:

[page 246, column 1] Feather damage is a serious problem for any bird. […] Repairing or imping broken feathers is a very good option in these cases and may save months or even a year in captivity. […] [page 250, column 1] Note that a feather can usually only be imped once since it is very difficult or impossible to remove and then replace an imping needle from within a feather shaft after it has been glued in place.

2016, David E. Scott, “Feathers and Aging”, in Raptor Medicine, Surgery and Rehabilitation, 2nd edition, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, Boston, Mass.: CABI, →ISBN, pages 246 and 250:

(falconry, veterinary medicine) To engraft (a feather) on to a broken feather in a bird's wing or tail to repair it; to engraft (feathers) on to a bird, or a bird's wing or tail.


aggressive

en-adj

aggressive (comparative more aggressive, superlative most aggressive)

more aggressive (comparative)
most aggressive (superlative)

From aggress + -ive. Compare with French agressif.

(pathology, of a tumour or disease) That spreads quickly or extensively; virulent; malignant.

rīrā

Spreading rapidly of a disease or tumour


ague

en-noun

ague (countable and uncountable, plural agues)

From Middle English agu, ague, borrowed from Middle French (fievre) aguë, “acute (fever)” (Modern French fièvre aiguë), from Late Latin (febris) acuta (“acute fever”), from Latin acūtus (“sharp, acute”) + febris (“fever”).
Doublet of acute.

He had to capture some character and get out of that rest room before his ague got so bad that the sergeant had to carry him to and from the booth every day.

1963 (date written), John Kennedy Toole, chapter 8, in A Confederacy of Dunces, London: Penguin Books, published 1980 (1981 printing), →ISBN, page 163:

He shivered all the while so violently, that it was quite as much as he could do to keep the neck of the bottle between his teeth, without biting it off.
 “I think you have got the ague,” said I.
 “I’m much of your opinion, boy,” said he.
“It’s bad about here,” I told him. “You’ve been lying out on the meshes, and they’re dreadful aguish. Rheumatic too.”

1860 December – 1861 August, Charles Dickens, chapter III, in Great Expectations […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), London: Chapman and Hall, […], published October 1861, →OCLC:

Ague and lake fever had attacked our new settlement. The men in the shanty were all down with it, and my husband was confined to his bed on each alternate day, unable to raise hand or foot, and raving in the delirium of the fever.

1852, Susanna Moodie, Roughing it in the Bush: or, Forest Life in Canada:

’Twere hard to say who fared the best:
 Sad mortals! thus the Gods still plague you!
 He lost his labour, I my jest:
For he was drowned, and I’ve the ague

1810, Lord Byron, Written after Swimming from Sestos to Abydos:

(pathology) An intermittent fever, attended by alternate cold and hot fits.


influenza

influenza (countable and uncountable, plural influenzas or influenze)

desc

ইনফ্লুয়েঞ্জা

→ Bengali: ইনফ্লুয়েঞ্জা (inphluẏenja)

→ Korean: 인플루엔자 (inpeulluenja)

→ Zulu: imfuluwenza

From Italian influenza (“influence”), from Latin influentia. Doublet of influence.

In early 1919 the Board also issued a film, Dr Wise on Influenza, in which a character called 'Brown' spreads the disease by enacting poor behaviours.
This did address transport - by boarding a crowded omnibus, "Brown may be scattering germs throughout the carriage and giving influenza to a number of people".

2020 April 8, Dr David Turner, “How railway staff were conduits and victims of a pandemic”, in Rail, page 32:

(pathology) An acute contagious disease of the upper airways and lungs, caused by a virus, which rapidly spreads around the world in seasonal epidemics.

إِنْفْلُوَنْزَا

an acute contagious disease of the upper airways and lungs


anxiety

en-noun

anxiety (countable and uncountable, plural anxieties)

anxieties (plural)
anxietie (alternative)

From Latin anxietās, from anxius (“anxious, solicitous, distressed, troubled”), from angō (“to distress, trouble”), akin to Ancient Greek ἄγχω (ánkhō, “to choke”). Equivalent to anxious + -ety. See anger; angst.

(pathology) A state of restlessness and agitation, often accompanied by a distressing sense of oppression or tightness in the stomach.


anosmic

en-adj

anosmic (comparative more anosmic, superlative most anosmic)

more anosmic (comparative)
most anosmic (superlative)

He had an anosmic patient who was very fond of the bouquet of moselle. […] One gentleman fell from his horse, fractured the ethmoid bone, and became anosmic.

1870 February 12, William Ogle, “Anosmia; Cases Illustrating the Physiology and Pathology of the Sense of Smell”, in James G. Wakley, editor, The Lancet: A Journal of British and Foreign Medicine, Physiology, Surgery, Chemistry, Criticism, Literature and News, volume I, number 2424, London: Published by John James Croft, at the office of "The Lancet," 423, Strand, →OCLC, page 231, column 1:

The possible influence of various sensory factors in migration was tested by Dodson and Leggett (1974) who compared the behaviour of ultrasonically tagged control shad with ones which had been blinded, or had the olfactory system occluded (anosmic fish), or had been subjected to both these operations. […] Both blind and blind/anosmic fish orientated into the tidal current and altered their swimming speed in relation to the speed of the tide as did intact fish.

1982, J. H. S. Blaxter, J. R. Hunter, “The Biology of Clupeoid Fishes”, in J. H. S. Blaxter, Frederick S[tratten] Russell, Maurice Yonge, editors, Advances in Marine Biology, volume 20, London, New York, N.Y.: Academic Press, →ISBN, pages 124–125:

As a first step in determining the degree of involvement of other sensory systems in the smell deficits of anosmic patients, a retrospective study was undertaken to determine if these patients could separate trigeminal and nontrigeminal odorants. […] The results of this analysis demonstrated […] that anosmic patients could separate ammonia and vinegar from the other eight odorants of the OCM [Odorant Confusion Matrix], even though these odorants are usually not correctly identified.

1994, David E. Hornung, Daniel Kurtz, Steven L. Youngentob, “Anosmic Patients Can Trigeminal and Nontrigeminal Stimulants”, in K[enzo] Kurihara, N[oriyo] Suzuki, H[isashi] Ogawa, editors, Olfaction and Taste XI: Proceedings of the 11th International Symposium on Olfaction and Taste and of the 27th Japanese Symposium on Taste and Smell: Joint Meeting Held at Kosei-nenkin Kaikan, Sapporo, Japan, July 12–16, 1993, Tokyo, Berlin, New York, N.Y.: Springer-Verlag, →ISBN, page 635:

Klopfer and Gamble (1966) gave 16 female goats (C. hircus) 5 min of contact with their young at parturition. Nine of the mothers had been temporarily rendered anosmic (could not smell) at parturition by spraying a 10% cocaine hydrogen chloride solution into their nostrils 20–90 min prior to parturition. […] Eight of the nine females who were anosmic at parturition but could smell at reintroduction accepted their own offspring, as well as alien young during reinstatement.

2008, Edward O. Price, “Maternal and Neonatal Behavior”, in Principles and Applications of Domestic Animal Behavior: An Introductory Text, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, Cambridge, Mass.: CABI, →ISBN, page 149:

(pathology) Having anosmia; lacking a sense of smell.


anosmic

A person who has lost the sense of smell (an anosmic) is deprived of more than pleasurable sensations, for it has been argued that as the environment becomes more polluted what the nose knows may have to be taken seriously[…].

1982, Trygg Engen, “Introduction”, in The Perception of Odors (Academic Press Series in Cognition and Perception), New York, N.Y., London: Academic Press, →ISBN, page 1:

An anosmic will be able to taste the sweetness of an apple or a pear but will be unable to distinguish between their flavors or be able to taste chocolate.

2006, Richard L. Doty, Steven M. Bromley, Windolyn D. Panganiban, “Olfactory Function and Dysfunction”, in Byron J. Bailey, Jonas T. Johnson, Shawn D. Newlands, editors, Head & Neck Surgery – Otolaryngology, 4th edition, volume 1, Philadelphia, Pa.: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, →ISBN, page 298, column 1:

The emotional consequences of smell loss are often underestimated, particularly in the medical community. Anosmics show varying degrees of depressive symptoms, such as feelings of helplessness, isolation in their condition, sad mood, loss of independence, and fatigue. Depression is common among patients with smell dysfunction. One-fifth of a sample of anosmics scored in the clinically depressed range on a depression measure, […]

2011, Tim Jacob, “The Science of Taste and Smell”, in Francesca Bacci, David Melcher, editors, Art and the Senses, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 202:

(pathology) A person with anosmia; a person lacking a sense of smell.


RF

en-noun

RF (countable and uncountable, plural RFs)

rheumatoid factor
rheumatoid factor#English

(pathology) Initialism of rheumatoid factor.


irritable bowel syndrome

(pathology) A functional disorder causing the nerves and muscles of the large intestine to be oversensitive, leading to symptoms such as cramp, bloating, flatulence, diarrhoea and constipation.

həssas bağırsaq sindromu

functional disorder of the large intestine


deep vein thrombosis

deep vein thrombosis (countable and uncountable, plural deep vein thromboses)

deep vein thromboses (plural)
deep-vein thrombosis (alternative)

(pathology) A potentially fatal condition in which one or more thrombi (or clots) form in the predominantly the leg or, more unusually, the arm. The clot may break free from the venous wall and travel via the circulatory system to the heart or to the lungs (causing a pulmonary embolism); this condition is often caused by keeping the legs bent for long periods but can also be caused by other medical problems.


deep-vein thrombosis

deep-vein thrombosis (countable and uncountable, plural deep-vein thromboses)

deep vein thrombosis
deep vein thrombosis#English

(pathology) Alternative spelling of deep vein thrombosis.


economy class syndrome

From its noted occurrence among airline passengers flying long haul in economy class, where there is less legroom than other classes.

Deep vein thrombosis
deep vein thrombosis#English

(pathology, slang) Deep vein thrombosis.


thrombosis

thrombosis (countable and uncountable, plural thromboses)

/θɹɒmˈbəʊsɪs/

From Ancient Greek θρόμβωσις (thrómbōsis, “curdling, clotting”). By surface analysis, thrombus + -osis.

bor

The cure for thrombosis at the heart of London was to start work quickly on the new Victoria line. A high-level decision to proceed with this railway was urgently awaited

1962 August, “Talking of Trains: Metropolitan modernisation completed”, in Modern Railways, page 87:

Blood-clotting platelets had surged like minnows to the site of injury, clumping together to form a thrombosis that blocked the artery, causing a heart attack and tissue death.

2018, Sandeep Jauhar, Heart: a History, →ISBN, page 37:

(pathology) The formation of thrombi in the blood vessels of a living organism, causing obstruction of the circulation.

خُثار

formation of thrombi in the blood vessels, causing obstruction of the circulation

血栓形成

xuèshuān xíngchéng or xiěshuān xíngchéng


thrombose

en-verb

thrombose (third-person singular simple present thromboses, present participle thrombosing, simple past and past participle thrombosed)

thromboses (present singular third-person)
thrombosing (participle present)
thrombosed (participle past)
thrombosed (past)

(ambitransitive, pathology) To affect with, or be affected by, thrombosis.


thrombus

Borrowed from New Latin thrombus, from the Ancient Greek θρόμβος (thrómbos, “lump, piece, blood clot, milk curd”); compare thrombo-.

der

(hematology, pathology) A blood clot formed from platelets and other elements that forms in a blood vessel in a living organism, and causes thrombosis or obstruction of the vessel at its point of formation or travel to other areas of the body.

خُثْرَة

blood clot formed in blood vessels that leads to thrombosis


ADD

attention deficit disorder
attention deficit disorder#English

(pathology) Initialism of attention deficit disorder.


MBD

en-noun

MBD (countable and uncountable, plural MBDs)

(pathology) Initialism of minimal brain damage.

(pathology) Initialism of minimal brain disorder.

(pathology) Initialism of minimal brain dysfunction.

(pathology) Initialism of mosquito-borne disease.


LSD

LSD (countable and uncountable, plural LSDs)

lumpy skin disease
lumpy skin disease#English

(veterinary pathology) Initialism of lumpy skin disease.


sunstroke

But, however this may be, the grounds upon which I base my belief that "chill" in the one case, and "heat" in the other, is the most common exciting cause of these maladies, respectively, are furnished by the fact that malarious fevers are found to prevail with a periodicity corresponding with that of the annual seasons of greatest change in the weather elements, namely, the spring and autumn, and moreover, with a periodicity corresponding, at least in the Punjab, for which province the statistics have been tabulated, with the triennial cycles of rainfall -- a peculiarity in which they coincide with cholera -- whilst sun-fever or sunstroke is found to prevail with a periodicity corresponding with the season of highest temperature.

1885, Henry Walter Bellew, The History of Cholera in India from 1862 to 1881, page 815:

Idiopathic non-septic periencephalitis may be produced by profound grief, protracted anxiety, especially when accompanied by great overwork, partial starvation combined with the gnawing anxiety of deep poverty, and also, it is affirmed, by sunstroke.

1896, Horatio C. Wood, The Practice of Medicine, page 513:

Later came midsummer, with the stifling heat, when the dingy killing beds of Durham’s became a very purgatory; one time, in a single day, three men fell dead from sunstroke.

1904, Upton Sinclair, chapter 10, in The Jungle:

(pathology) Heat stroke caused by an excessive exposure to the sun's rays.

ضَرْبَة شَمْس

heatstroke caused by an excessive exposure to the sun's rays


-itis

-itides (plural sometimes)
rarely -itises (plural sometimes)

itis

From New Latin -itis, from Ancient Greek -ῖτις (-îtis, “pertaining to”). This is the feminine form of adjectival suffix -ῑ́της (-ī́tēs). The English suffix derives from the feminine form due to its use with the feminine noun νόσος (nósos, “disease”), particularly with ἀρθρῖτις (νόσος) (arthrîtis (nósos), “disease of the joints”) (one of the earliest English borrowings from which the suffix was extracted and abstracted). Humorous sense by generalization.

der

(pathology) Suffix denoting diseases characterized by inflammation, itself often caused by an infection.

-ιτις

suffix denoting diseases characterized by inflammation

-и́т

suffix denoting fictitious afflictions or diseases


dys-

From New Latin dys-, from Ancient Greek δυσ- (dus-, “hard, difficult, bad”).

dysendocrinism, dysexecutive, dysautonomia, dysbarism


PSP

en-noun

PSP (countable and uncountable, plural PSPs)

progressive supranuclear palsy
w:progressive supranuclear palsy

(pathology) Initialism of progressive supranuclear palsy.


dystopia

dystopia (countable and uncountable, plural dystopia or dystopias or dystopiae)

dystopia (plural)
dystopias (plural)
dystopiae (plural)

From dys- + -topia, as if from Ancient Greek δυσ- (dus-, “bad”) + τόπος (tópos, “place, region”) + -ία (-ía), based on utopia being reinterpreted as eu-topia.

The patient suffers from adrenal dystopia.

2. Dystopiæ of separate organs.

1899, Joshua M. Van Cott, Jr., “Pathology of the Fœtus—Anomalies of the Fœtus”, in Charles Jewett, editor, The Practice of Obstetrics by American Authors, New York, N.Y., Philadelphia, Pa.: Lea Brothers & Co., part V (Pathology of Pregnancy), page 325:

Davis, J. E. (J. Urol., Vol. xx-155, 1928), writing on the surgical pathology of malformation in the kidneys and ureters, classifies these anomalies into three groups: (a) anomalies of position (dystopiae).

1930 January 16, The New England Journal of Medicine, volume 202, number 3, page 126, column 1:

While harelips were mostly associated with dystopiae of the incisor teeth, median jaw fusion was accompanied by characteristic dental fusion.

1968, Walter Ritter, Kraniofaziale Dysplasien und Störungen der Zahnentwicklung:

Surgical treatment of congenital testicular dystopiae. (B. Kleinteich et al.) Zentralbl. Chir. 1979, 104, 736.

1979, British Journal of Urology, page xlv:

(pathology) Anatomical tissue that is not found in its usual place.


corn

Inherited from Middle English corne, from Old French corn (modern French cor), from Latin cornū. Doublet of corno, cornu, and horn.

(veterinary medicine) An inflammatory disease of a horse's hoof, at the caudal part of the sole.

(veterinary medicine) Skin hyperplasia with underlying fibroma between both digits of cattle.


visceral

en-adj

visceral (comparative more visceral, superlative most visceral)

more visceral (comparative)
most visceral (superlative)

From Middle French viscéral (modern French viscéral), or from its etymon Medieval Latin viscerālis (“internal”) + English -al (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’ forming adjectives). Viscerālis is derived from Latin viscera (a plural form of vīscus (“internal organ of the body”); further etymology uncertain, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *weys- (“to rotate, turn”)) + -ālis (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’ forming adjectives).
cognates
* Old French visceral (Middle French viscéral, modern French viscéral)
* Italian viscerale
* Spanish visceral

vnitřní

of or relating to, made up of, or positioned among or within, the viscera

(anatomy) Of or relating to, made up of, or positioned among or within, the viscera (“internal organs of the body, especially those contained within the abdominal and thoracic cavities”).

(pathology) Of a disease: involving the viscera.


dental

Borrowed from Middle French dental or Late Latin dentālis, from dēns (“a tooth”) + -ālis (“-al”, adjectival suffix).

af

(veterinary medicine) Cleaning and polishing of an animal's teeth.


adenitis

en-noun

adenitis (countable and uncountable, plural adenitises or adenitides)

(medicine, pathology) Glandular inflammation.


cataract

From Late Middle English cataract, cataracta, cateract, cateracte (“(medicine) clouding of the lens in the eye”), from Old French cataracte (“clouding of the lens in the eye”), and then either:
* from its etymon Latin cataracta (“portcullis”) (in the sense of something blocking vision as a portcullis blocks a gateway), from Ancient Greek καταρ(ρ)άκτης (katar(rh)áktēs, “act of rushing down; portcullis”) (see further at etymology 1); or
* from clāthrāta (in fenestra clāthrāta (“window grating”)), an inflected form of clāthrātus (“grated, latticed, clathrate”), from clāthrī (“grate, lattic”) + -ātus (suffix denoting possession of something, forming adjectives from nouns). Clāthrī is derived from Doric Greek κλᾳ̃θρα (klãithra), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kleh₂w- (“crook, hook; peg; to close something”).

der

καταρ(ρ)άκτης

[T]her is a Caratact which doth light vpon the eyes of a Hawke, whome we may tearme a ſuffuſion, a miſchiefe not ſafely remoued, and diuers times impoſſible to be recured, as namely whẽ [when] it is growen too thicke, and ouerlong hath bin ſuffered in the eye, without ſeeking remedie for it: […]

1575, George Turberuile [i.e.. George Turberville], “Of the Cataract in the Eyes of a Hawke”, in The Booke of Faulconrie or Hauking, for the Onely Delight and Plerasure of All Noblemen and Gentlemen: […], London: […] [Henry Bynneman] for Christopher Barker, […], →OCLC, page 235:

Rarely, a dense, swollen neglected cataract precipitates an angle-closure glaucoma.

1999, Cynthia Mattox, Helen K. Wu, Joel S. Schuman, “Ocular Disorders of Aging”, in Joseph J. Gallo, Jan Busby-Whitehead, Peter V. Rabins, Rebecca A. Silliman, John B. Murphy, William Reichel, editors, Reichel’s Care of the Elderly: Clinical Aspects of Aging, 5th edition, Philadelphia, Pa.; Baltimore, Md.: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, →ISBN, section I (Care of the Elderly Patient: Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Management), page 563, column 2:

Shallow, this is what I created / Splayed out skeletons in the cracks in the pavement / And now, can you feel the injection back behind those cloudy eyes? / In-between every cataract, a projection of my life

2022 June 22, “Rotoscope”, in Rotoscope (Rise 510-1), performed by Spiritbox, Beaverton, Or.: Rise Records:

(ophthalmology, pathology) A clouding of the lens in the eye leading to a decrease in vision.

Thoſe filmes vvhich darkened the eye of the mindes, are remoued, thoſe thicke Cataracts of earthly vanities are diſperſed and diſpelled, and a nevv light into a nevv heart infuſed.

1631, Richard Brathwait, “Decency”, in The English Gentlewoman, Drawne out to the Full Body: […], London: […] B. Alsop and T. Fawcet, for Michaell Sparke, […], →OCLC, page 86:


scour

en-verb

scour (third-person singular simple present scours, present participle scouring, simple past and past participle scoured)

scours (present singular third-person)
scouring (participle present)
scoured (participle past)
scoured (past)
scower (alternative)

From Middle English scǒuren (“to polish, scour; to clean; to beat, whip”), from Middle Dutch scuren, schuren (“to clean; to polish”) or Middle Low German schǖren, of uncertain origin but probably from Old French escurer, from Medieval Latin scūrō, escūrō, excūrō (“to clean off”), from ex- (“thoroughly”) + cūrō (“to arrange, see to, take care of”), from cūra (“care, concern”) (from Proto-Indo-European *kʷeys- (“to heed”)) + -ō.
The word is cognate with Danish skure, Middle High German schüren, schiuren (modern German scheuern (“to scour, scrub; to chafe”)), Norwegian skura (“to scrub”), Swedish skura, Catalan escurar.

cog

to scour a horse

(transitive, veterinary medicine) To clear the digestive tract (of an animal) by administering medication that induces defecation or vomiting; to purge.

If a lamb is scouring, do not delay treatment.

It has been stated by trustworthy authorities that certain waters in the lias-formation possess scouring properties. […] Mr. Clarke likewise mentions two cases. "In one instance," he says, "a large piece of pasture-land was found to scour the cows kept upon it, to the great loss of the occupier, until he hit upon the expedient of cutting off the supply of spring-water from a neighbouring brook, and confining the supply to the rain-water held in the ditches,—the result of which has been that very little of the disorder has since appeared upon the land referred to.[…]"

1862, Augustus Voelcker, “X.—On the Scouring Lands of Central Somerset. … [Report of an Investigation Made at the Request of the Council of the Bath and West of England Society.]”, in Journal of the Bath and West of England Society for the Encouragement of Agriculture, Arts, Manufactures, and Commerce, volume X, part I, London: James Ridgway, […], →OCLC, section 3 (Examination of the Water Theory), page 191:

(ambitransitive, veterinary medicine) To (cause livestock to) suffer from diarrhoea or dysentery.


bane

en-noun

bane (countable and uncountable, plural banes)

The noun is derived from Middle English bane (“person or thing that destroys life, murderer, slayer; person who destroys the soul; destruction of life, death, doom; poison”), from Old English bana (“person or thing that causes death, murderer”), from Proto-West Germanic *banō, from Proto-Germanic *banô (“killer, murderer, slayer; death, bane”), probably ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰen- (“to slay, kill; to strike”).
The verb is derived from the noun.
cognates
* Gothic 𐌱𐌰𐌽𐌾𐌰 (banja, “wound”)
* Old Frisian bona (“death; murder”)
* Old Norse bani (Danish bane (“death; murder”), Icelandic bani (“bane, death”), Swedish bane (“death; murder”)), Old Norse ben (“(moral) wound”)
* Old English ben, benn (“mortal injury; wound”)
* Old High German bano (“death”) (Middle High German ban, bane)
* Old Saxon bano (“death; murder”), beni (“mortal injury; wound”)

inh

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-bane.wav

напаст

cause of misery or ruin — see also affliction

(uncountable, UK, dialectal, veterinary medicine) A disease of sheep in which breakdown of tissue occurs; rot.


bane

en-verb

bane (third-person singular simple present banes, present participle baning, simple past and past participle baned)

banes (present singular third-person)
baning (participle present)
baned (participle past)
baned (past)
bane (infinitive)
bane (first-person present singular)
baned (first-person past singular)
bane (present second-person singular)
banest (archaic present second-person singular)
baned (past second-person singular)
banedst (archaic past second-person singular)
banes (present singular third-person)
baneth (archaic present singular third-person)
baned (past singular third-person)
bane (plural present)
baned (past plural)
bane (present subjunctive)
baned (past subjunctive)
bane (imperative present)
baning (participle present)
baned (participle past)

(UK, dialectal, veterinary medicine) To cause (sheep) a disease, especially the rot (“a disease in which breakdown of tissue occurs”).


mono

Shortenings, ultimately from the prefix mono- (“one, single”).

(pathology, informal) Clipping of mononucleosis.


obliterate

obliterate (third-person singular simple present obliterates, present participle obliterating, simple past and past participle obliterated)

obliterates (present singular third-person)
obliterating (participle present)
obliterated (participle past)
obliterated (past)
obliterate (infinitive)
obliterate (first-person present singular)
obliterated (first-person past singular)
obliterate (present second-person singular)
obliteratest (archaic present second-person singular)
obliterated (past second-person singular)
obliteratedst (archaic past second-person singular)
obliterates (present singular third-person)
obliterateth (archaic present singular third-person)
obliterated (past singular third-person)
obliterate (plural present)
obliterated (past plural)
obliterate (present subjunctive)
obliterated (past subjunctive)
obliterate (imperative present)
obliterating (participle present)
obliterated (participle past)

PIE word
 *h₁epi
(start of 17th century) From earlier obliterat, learned borrowing from Latin obliterātus, oblitterātus (“having been blotted out, effaced, erased; having been forgotten”) (see -ate (verb-forming suffix, of participial origin)). Obliterātus and oblitterātus are respectively the perfect passive participles of obliterō and oblitterō (“to blot out, efface, erase, obliterate; to cause to be forgotten”), probably either:
* from ob- (prefix meaning ‘against; towards’) + littera (“letter of the alphabet; (metonymically) handwriting”) (further etymology unknown); or
* from oblītus (“disregarded, neglected; forgotten”), influenced by littera. Oblītus is the perfect passive participle of oblinō (“to daub over, besmear”), from ob- + possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁lengʷʰ- (“not heavy, light; brief; swift”).
Cognates
* Catalan obliterar (“to erase; to cancel (a stamp); to close up or fill (a body cavity, vessel, etc.)”)
* Middle French oblitérer (modern French oblitérer (“to cause (memories) to fade; to block, obstruct; to cancel (a stamp, ticket, etc.) so it cannot be reused”))
* Portuguese obliterar (“to destroy completely; to erase”)
* Spanish obliterar (“to destroy completely; to erase”)

cog

/əˈblɪtəˌɹeɪt/

In the developing embryo the foregut is surrounded by a group of vascular structures of bilateral distribution connected with the branchial arches. Portions of these arches are obliterated to form the normally described aorta and great vessels. The ultimate persistence of only one main vascular arch, the left, as the aorta, permits the trachea and oesophagus to lie freely to its right side.

1959 September, F. Ronald Edwards, “Vascular Compression of the Trachea and Oesophagus”, in N[orman] R[upert] Barrett, J[ohn] G[uyett] Scadding, editors, Thorax, volume XIV, number 3, London: British Medical Association, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC, →PMID, page 187, column 1:

The pleural sac was obliterated by firm fibrous adhesions over the right upper lobe.

1959 December, R. H. Elphinstone, R. G. Spector, “Sarcoma of the Pulmonary Artery”, in N[orman] R[upert] Barrett, J[ohn] G[uyett] Scadding, editors, Thorax, volume XIV, number 4, London: British Medical Association, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC, →PMID, page 335, column 1:

Compression of an aneurysm of the left carotid artery should obliterate only the pulses of the distribution of this artery, not those of the femoral arteries. If the mass is an aneurysm of the right common carotid artery, manual compression should obliterate the distribution of this vessel and, because of its location, may also obliterate the vessels of the right arm. However, femoral pulsations should be preserved.

1974 July, Ira W. DuBrow, Sheldon O. Burman, Decio O. Elias, Alois R. Hastreiter, Raymond J. Pietras, “Aortic Arch in the Neck”, in The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, volume 68, number 1, [St. Louis, Mo.: Mosby?], →DOI, →ISSN, →PMID, page 27, column 1:

(biology, pathology, surgery, chiefly passive voice) To impair the function and/or structure of (a body cavity, vessel, etc.) by ablating or occluding it (in the latter case, chiefly by filling it with tissue).

obliterar

to impair the function and/or structure of (a body cavity, vessel, etc.) by ablating or occluding it

distal pulses obliterate until perfusion is restored

(biology, pathology) Of a body cavity, vessel, etc.: to close up or fill with tissue; of perfusion or a pulse: to cease owing to obstruction.

täyttyä

of a body cavity, vessel, etc.: to close up or fill with tissue; of perfusion or a pulse: to cease owing to obstruction


pulmonary embolism

en-noun

pulmonary embolism (plural pulmonary embolisms)

pulmonary embolisms (plural)
PE (abbreviation)

(pathology) The embolism or obstruction of a pulmonary artery, usually by a detached blood clot from a leg or pelvic vein, which causes a stoppage of blood into the lungs; symptoms include shortness of breath, chest pain, fainting, and sometimes death.


tumor

From Middle English tumour, from Old French tumour, from Latin tumor (“swelling”), from tumeō (“bulge, swell”, verb), from Proto-Italic *tumēō, from Proto-Indo-European *tewh₂- (“to swell”). Related to English thumb.

der

a benign tumor

a malignant tumor

brain tumor

identify tumor

pancreatic tumor

remove a tumor

take a tumor

stomach tumor

differential diagnosis
differential diagnosis

(oncology, pathology) An abnormal growth; differential diagnosis includes abscess, metaplasia, and neoplasia.

เนื้องอก

nʉ́ʉa-ngɔ̂ɔk


breakdown

en-noun

breakdown (countable and uncountable, plural breakdowns)

breakdowns (plural)
break-down (alternative)

sınma

failure, particularly one which is mechanical in nature

(veterinary medicine, uncountable) Injury to a horse's leg causing lameness; (countable) an instance of this.

jalkavamma

injury to a horse’s leg causing lameness; an instance of this


earwax

From Middle English erewax, a compound of ere + wax. Equivalent to ear + wax.

ear wax (alternative)
ear-wax (alternative)

Her's Agamemnon, an honeſt fellow inough and one that loues quailes, but hee has not ſo much braine as eare-wax, […]

c. 1602, William Shakespeare, The Famous Historie of Troylus and Cresseid. Excellently Expressing the Beginning of their Loues, with the Conceited Wooing of Pandarus, Prince of Licia, London: Imprinted by G[eorge] Eld for R[ichard] Bonian and H[enry] Walley, and are to be sold at the spred Eagle in Paules Church-yeard, ouer against the great North doore, published 1609, →OCLC, act V, scene 1:

(medicine, pathology) A waxy substance secreted by the ear.


NP

NP (countable and uncountable, plural NPs)

(medicine, pathology) Abbreviation of nosocomial pneumonia.


pique

A variant of pica, or from its etymon Late Latin pica (“disorder characterized by appetite and craving for non-edible substances”), from Latin pīca (“jay; magpie”) (from the idea that magpies will eat almost anything), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)peyk- (“magpie; woodpecker”).

der

The World is nat'rally averse / To all the truth it sees or hears, / But swallows Non-sense and a Lie / With greediness and gluttony; / And though it have the Pique, and long, / 'Tis still for something in the wrong: […]

1677 (indicated as 1678), [Samuel Butler], “[The Third Part of Hudibras]. Canto II.”, in Hudibras. The Third and Last Part. […], London: […] Robert Horne, […], published 1679, →OCLC; republished in A[lfred] R[ayney] Waller, editor, Hudibras: Written in the Time of the Late Wars, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: University Press, 1905, →OCLC, page 260:

(pathology, obsolete, rare) Synonym of pica (“a disorder characterized by appetite and craving for non-edible substances”).


agenesis

en-noun

agenesis (countable and uncountable, plural ageneses)

/eɪˈd͡ʒɛnəsɪs/

(pathology) Any imperfect development of the body, or any anomaly of organization


agennesis

From a- + Ancient Greek γέννησις (génnēsis, “engendering”).


sialolith

(medicine, pathology) Technically, a calculus in the salivary ducts causing an obstruction. There are other obstructions of the salivary ducts that are sometimes also referred to (more broadly) as sialoliths, including infectious blockage, stenosis, etc. There are also other substances besides calcium that may be the cause of the obstruction.


hydrophobia

en-noun

hydrophobia (countable and uncountable, plural hydrophobias)

hydrophobias (plural)
hydrophoby (alternative archaic)

/ˌhʌɪ.dɹə(ʊ)ˈfəʊ.bɪ.ə/

From Middle English idroforbia (“hydrophobia”), from Latin hydrophobia, from Ancient Greek ὑδροφοβία (hudrophobía), from ὑδρο- (hudro-), combining form of ῠ̔́δωρ (hŭ́dōr, “water”), + φοβία (phobía, “phobia”). The word is analysable as hydro- + -phobia.

inh

[…] Cato, who ſcorned both death and fortune, could not abide the ſight of a looking glaſſe or of water; overcome with horrour, and quelled with amazement, if by the contagion of a mad dog he had falne into that ſickneſſe which Phiſitians call Hydroforbia, or feare of waters.

1603, Michel de Montaigne, “An Apologie of Raymond Sebond”, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], book II, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC, page 319:

Now that I have breathed a little, I am anxious to know your opinion of the nature of that affection in the throat, which deprives a patient of the power of ſwallowing in conſequence of hydrophobia.

1796 April, “Art. 27. Dialogues between a Pupil of the Late John Hunter and Jesse Foot, including Passages in Darwin’s Zoonomia. 8vo. pp. 102. 3s. sewed. Becket. 1795. [book review]”, in The Monthly Review; or, Literary Journal, Enlarged, volume XIX, London: Printed for R[alph] Griffiths; and sold by T[homas] Becket, […], →OCLC, page 451:

I myself knew a boy whose face was licked by a dog that was going mad, and who died of hydrophobia.

1851, Samuel Hahnemann, R. E. Dudgeon, compiler and transl., “The Bite of Mad Dogs”, in The Lesser Writings of Samuel Hahnemann: Collected and Translated, London: W. Headland, […], →OCLC, page 198:

Hydrophobia may, without risk, be applied to the disease in mankind, and serve to distinguish it; but it would be most injudicious to retain it as a designation for the madness or rabies of the lower animals. […] "Hydrophobia" is not even a proper designation for the malady in him [man], inasmuch as authors have described a spontaneous hydrophobia in the human species, or certain symptoms resembling those of hydrophobia, which certainly were not the same as those produced by the bite of a rabid animal, neither was the presence of a transmissible virus proved to exist.

1872, George Fleming, “Introduction”, in Rabies and Hydrophobia: Their History, Nature, Causes, Symptoms, and Prevention, London: Chapman and Hall, […], →OCLC, pages 5–6:

The Christian philosophy nominally attributes all natural evils, including sickness and death, to sin. But it has lost the connecting link between the moral disorders and the physical disorders which afflict us. […] It cannot understand […] how there are cancers and plagues and hydrophobias of the soul, the secret causes of those horrible diseases in the body.

1875, William H[enry] Holcombe, “Why Did They Die?”, in Our Children in Heaven, new edition, Philadelphia, Pa.: J. B. Lippincott & Co., →OCLC, page 286:

A young man, 24 years of age, employed as a clerk in a dry goods store, was bitten on a Saturday morning bu a watchdog belonging to the proprietor. […] [H]e stated that he had been reading about rabies and the symptoms which would develop in man from the bite of a rabid dog, and insisted that he was developing hydrophobia as a result of having been bitten by the watchdog. […] Two days later the young man was in a very hysterical state and kept insisting that the dog that bit him was rabid. […] Here was a typical case of lyssophobia or pseudo-rabies, a figment of an overworked imagination, […]

1911 May 12, John R[obbins] Mohler, “Differential Diagnosis”, in Rabies or Hydrophobia (U.S. Department of Agriculture Farmers’ Bulletin; 449), Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, →OCLC, pages 14–15:

Thus not only should be diluted and dynamised the "known" morbid agents (as for example Scabby of Sheeps,^([sic]) Tinea of animals, itch (psora) of man, the blood of the spleen of animals suffering from Anthrax, pus of syphilis, serum taken out of vesicles of Marochetti in hydrophobias, lympth^([sic]) of Anthrax and of plague even of the contagion of cholera) but also all sorts of products from secretions and excretions of men and of animals […]

1985, Marc Haffen, “History of Isopathy”, in O. A. Julian, translated by Rajkumar Mukherji, Julian’s Materia Medica of Nosodes with Repertory: […] Translated from the Original French, 2nd revised Indian edition, New Delhi: Published by Kuldeep Jain for B. Jain Publishers, published 2005, →ISBN, page 34:

(pathology) An aversion to water, as a symptom of rabies; the disease of rabies itself.


founder

From Middle French fondrer (“send to the bottom”), from Latin fundus (“bottom”).

uder

(veterinary medicine) A severe laminitis of a horse, caused by untreated internal inflammation in the hooves.


Kienbock's disease

Named after Dr. Robert Kienböck, a radiologist in Vienna who discovered it in 1910.

(pathology) A painful disease of the wrist that results from loss of circulation to the lunate bone.


terror

en-noun

terror (countable and uncountable, plural terrors)

terrors (plural)
terrour (alternative hypercorrect obsolete)

From late Middle English terrour, from Old French terreur f (“terror, fear, dread”), from Latin terror m (“fright, fear, terror”), from terrēre (“to frighten, terrify”), from Old Latin tr̥reō, from Proto-Italic *trozeō, from Proto-Indo-European *tre- (“to shake”), *tres- (“to tremble”).


pus

Pus was seeping out of the wound.

(medicine, pathology) A whitish-yellow or yellow substance composed primarily of dead white blood cells and dead pyogenic bacteria, normally found in regions of bacterial infection.


scab

en-noun

scab (countable and uncountable, plural scabs)

From Middle English scabb, scabbe (also as shabbe, schabbe > English shab), from Old English sċeabb and Old Norse skabb, both from Proto-Germanic *skabbaz (“scab, scabies”), from Proto-Indo-European *skabʰ- (“to cut, split, carve, shape”). Doublet of shab. Cognate with German Schabe (“scabies”), Danish skab (“scab, scabies”), Swedish skabb (“scab, scabies”), Latin scabies (“scab, itch, mange”). Related also to Old English scafan (“to scrape, shave”), Latin scabere (“to scratch”), English shabby.

der

(phytopathology) Any one of various more or less destructive fungal diseases that attack cultivated plants, forming dark-colored crustlike spots.


acne

en-noun

acne (usually uncountable, plural acnes)

From New Latin acnē, probably a corruption of Ancient Greek ἀκμή (akmḗ, “point, top”).

(pathology) A skin condition, usually of the face, that is common in adolescents. It is characterised by red pimples, and is caused by the inflammation of sebaceous glands through bacterial infection.


dyslexia

dyslexia (countable and uncountable, plural dyslexias)

From dys- + lexis + -ia. Via learned borrowing from New Latin dyslexia, produced from Latin dys- + lexis, -ia, a calque of German Dyslexie, coined by German ophthalmologist Rudolf Berlin in 1887, from Ancient Greek δυσ- (dus-) expressing the idea of difficulty, and λέξις (léxis, “diction”, “word”), the root chosen due to apparent semantic conflation of Greek λέγω (légō, “to speak”) and Latin legō (“to read”). Cf. the root of lexicon, Medieval Latin lexicon, Byzantine Greek λεξικόν (lexikón, “dictionary”, literally “[book of] words”).

cog

(neurology, pathology) A learning disability characterized by reading and writing difficulties.


colic

en-noun

colic (countable and uncountable, plural colics)

colics (plural)
cholick (alternative archaic)
cholic (alternative archaic)

Borrowed from French colique. Ultimately derived from Ancient Greek κωλικός (kōlikós, “suffering in the colon”, adjective).

der

Diſeaſed nature oftentimes breakes forth, / In ſtrange eruptions, oft the teeming earth / Is with a kind of collicke pincht and vext, / By the impriſoning of vnruly wind / Within her vvombe, vvhich for enlargement ſtriuing / Shakes the old Beldame earth, and topples down / Steeples and moſſegrovvn towers.

c. 1597 (date written), [William Shakespeare], The History of Henrie the Fourth; […], quarto edition, London: […] P[eter] S[hort] for Andrew Wise, […], published 1598, →OCLC, [Act III, scene i]:

(pathology) Severe pains that grip the abdomen or the disease that causes such pains (due to intestinal or bowel-related problems).


enteritis

en-noun

enteritis (countable and uncountable, plural enteritides or enteritises)

enteritides (plural)
enteritises (plural)

(pathology) Inflammation of the intestines, generally the small intestine, that may lead to diarrhea.


RP

RP (countable and uncountable, plural RPs)

retinitis pigmentosa
retinitis pigmentosa#English

(pathology) Initialism of retinitis pigmentosa.


malaria

malaria (countable and uncountable, plural malarias)

/məˈlɛəɹi.ə/

Borrowed from Italian malaria, formed from mal- (“bad”) and aria (“air”). Displaced native Old English unlyft (literally “bad air”).

ncog

(pathology) A disease spread by mosquito, in which a protozoan, Plasmodium, multiplies in blood every few days.


lesion

lesions (plural)
læsion (alternative archaic)

From Middle English lesioun, from Old French lesion, from Latin laesiō (“injury”), itself from laesus, perfect passive participle of laedō (“I injure, hurt”).

benadeling

injury or loss arising from an uneven contractual exchange


lateral

en-adj

lateral (comparative more lateral, superlative most lateral)

more lateral (comparative)
most lateral (superlative)

Borrowed from Latin laterālis (“belonging to the side”), from latus (“the side or flank”) + -ālis (“-al”, adjectival suffix).

af

To the side; of or pertaining to the side.

(pathology) Affecting the side or sides of the body, or confined to one side of the body.

lateral

pertaining to the left or right of the body


beriberi

en-noun

beriberi (usually uncountable, plural beriberis)

beriberis (plural)
beri-beri (alternative)

Possibly borrowed from Sinhalese phrase බැරි බැරි (bæri bæri, “I cannot, I cannot”) due to weakness.

(pathology) An ailment caused by a deficiency of thiamine (vitamin B1), leading to lethargy and organ complications.

բերի-բերի

pathology: ailment caused by deficiency of vitamin B


engorge

en-verb

engorge (third-person singular simple present engorges, present participle engorging, simple past and past participle engorged)

engorges (present singular third-person)
engorging (participle present)
engorged (participle past)
engorged (past)

From French engorger, from Old French engorgier. Archaic spellings from Webster’s dictionary 1913 include ingorge and ingorg, both now considered misspellings.

(pathology) To fill excessively with a body liquid, especially blood.


lysis

From Latin lysis, from Ancient Greek λύσις (lúsis, “a loosening”). Compare -lysis.

der

The older medicine used to speak of two ways, lysis and crisis, one gradual, the other abrupt, in which one might recover from a bodily disease.

1902, William James, “Lecture VIII: The Divided Self, and the Process of Its Unification”, in The Varieties of Religious Experience: A Study in Human Nature […] , New York, N.Y.; London: Longmans, Green, and Co. […], →OCLC, page 183:

(medicine, pathology) A gradual recovery from disease.

lisi

(medicine) gradual recovery from disease


canker

en-noun

canker (countable and uncountable, plural cankers)

From Middle English canker, cancre, from Old English cancer (“cancer; crab”), akin to Dutch kanker, Old High German chanchar. Ultimately from Latin cancer (“a cancer”). Doublet of cancer, a later borrowing from Latin, and chancre, which came through French.

(phytopathology) A plant disease marked by gradual decay.


leonine

en-adj

leonine (comparative more leonine, superlative most leonine)

more leonine (comparative)
most leonine (superlative)

From Late Middle English leonin, leonine (“characteristic of a lion, lionlike”), from Old French leonin, and from its etymon Latin leōnīnus (“of or pertaining to a lion”), from leō (“lion”) (from Ancient Greek λέων (léōn, “lion”); further etymology uncertain) + -īnus (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’).

лъвски

of, pertaining to, or characteristic of a lion

leonine facies

The most terrible variety of this hideous evil is the leonine leprosy, so called because the head of the sufferer resembles that of a lion.

1874 September 15, “Catholic Heroism”, in The Illustrated Monitor: Organ of the Confraternity of the Sacred Christ and Agony of Our Lord, […], volume I, number 2, Dublin: Joseph Dollard, […], published 1875, →OCLC, page 22, column 1:

From syphilis, which is also a disease whose lesions are polymorphic in character, lepra can be distinguished by […] the characteristic leonine facies of its tubercular forms.

1883, James Nevins Hyde, “Neoplastic”, in A Practical Treatise on Diseases of the Skin, […], Philadelphia, Pa.: Henry C[harles] Lea’s Son & Co., →OCLC, class IX (Of the Skin with Involvement of Other Organs), page 431:

A careful examination showed that the man was suffering from leprosy in an advanced stage; his face had the leonine expression, and the husky voice doubtless indicated that the disease had invaded the larynx.

1890 November, “Leprosy in Louisiana—Necessity of Providing for Lepers”, in New Orleans Medical and Surgical Journal, volume XVIII (New Series), number 5, New Orleans, La.: L. Graham & Son, […], →OCLC, page 396:

However, a head of Bes on an anthropomorphic clay vessel, dating from around 1300 bc, has been found in an Egyptian temple in Canaan, and it has been claimed that its leonine facies shows signs of advanced lepromatous leprosy.

2000, Elinor Lieber, “Old Testament ‘Leprosy’, Contagion and Sin”, in Lawrence I[rvin] Conrad, Dominik Wujastyk, editors, Contagion: Perspectives from Pre-modern Societies, Aldershot, Hampshire: Ashgate Publishing, published 2017, →ISBN, part III (Middle East and Europe), page 129:

Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of a lion; lionlike.

(pathology) Of a facies (“a person's facial features”): resembling those of a lion as a result of some disease, especially a form of leprosy which causes leontiasis (“a medical condition characterized by an overgrowth of the cranial and facial bones”); also, of leprosy: causing a lionlike facies.

leijonamainen

of a facies: resembling those of a lion as a result of some disease; of leprosy: causing a lionlike facies


curl

From metathesis of Middle English crulle (“curled, curly”), from Middle Dutch crul, crulle (“curl”), ultimately from Proto-Germanic *kruzlǭ (“bent or crooked object, curl”), of unknown origin; possibly from Pre-Germanic *grus-, contracted from Proto-Indo-European *gurus- (“twist, curl”), same source as Persian گرس (gors, “braid of hair”).
Cognate with Saterland Frisian Krulle (“curl, lock”), West Frisian krul (“curl”), Dutch krul (“curl”), German Low German Krull (“curl”), dialectal German Krolle (“curl”), Danish krølle (“curl”), Norwegian krull (“curl”). Related also to Saterland Frisian Kruus (“curl”), German kraus (“frizzy, crumpled, curly”), Danish krus (“curl”), Swedish krusa (“to crimp, curl”). Compare also Gothic 𐌺𐍂𐌹𐌿𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽 (kriustan, “to grind, crush, gnash”).

unk

unknown

cog

These potatoes, however, planted the next year, have a fair yield, untouched by the curl.

1840, "Farmers' Department", The Family Magazine, volume 1, page 227:

(agriculture, phytopathology, uncountable) Any of various diseases of plants causing the leaves or shoots to curl up; often specifically the potato curl.


dystrophic calcification

en-noun

dystrophic calcification (countable and uncountable, plural dystrophic calcifications)

(pathology) The mineralization of soft tissues occurring without a systemic mineral imbalance.


corona

corona (plural coronas or coronae or (obsolete) coronæ)

coronas (plural)
coronae (plural)
coronæ (obsolete plural)

→ Japanese: コロナ (korona)

The noun is borrowed from Latin corōna (“crown; garland, wreath”), from Ancient Greek κορώνη (korṓnē, “type of crown; curved object (door handle, tip of a bow, stern of a ship, etc.)”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”). The English word is a doublet of crown, korona, koruna, krona, króna, and krone.
The plural form coronae is borrowed from Latin corōnae.
The verb is derived from the noun.

laki

upper or crownlike portion of certain parts of the body

kruunu

appendage of an organism that resembles a crown or corona

Jack had a moſt ſcandalous tongue, and perſuaded Peg that all mankind, beſides himſelf, were pox'd by that ſcarlet-faced whore, Signiora Bubonia. “As for his brother Lord Peter, the tokens were evident on him, blotches, ſcabs, and the corona.[…]”

[1750?], [John Arbuthnot], “[The History of John Bull.] Jack’s Charms, or the Method by which He Gained Peg’s Heart.”, in The History of John Bull. […], London: D[aniel] Midwinter and A. Tonson […], →OCLC, part II, page 60:

(pathology) A manifestation of secondary syphilis, consisting of papular lesions along the hairline, often bordering the scalp in the manner of a crown.


distemper

en-noun

distemper (countable and uncountable, plural distempers)

From Old French destemprer, from Latin distemperare.

(veterinary medicine, pathology) A viral disease of animals, such as dogs and cats, characterised by fever, coughing and catarrh.


gall

gall (countable and uncountable, plural galls)

From Middle English galle, from Old English gealla (“a fretted spot on the skin”), from Proto-West Germanic *gallō, from Proto-Germanic *gallô (“infirmity, swelling, lesion”).

inh

And remember perfectly well his revolving eyes and his awkwardness, / And remember putting plasters on the galls of his neck and ankles;

1892, Walt Whitman, “Song of Myself”, in Leaves of Grass […], Philadelphia, Pa.: David McKay, publisher, […], →OCLC:

(pathology, countable) A sore or open wound caused by chafing, which may become infected, as with a blister.


gall

From Middle English galle, from Old French galle, from Latin galla (“oak-apple”).

Even so, Redi retained a belief that in certain other cases—the origin of parasites inside the human or animal body or of grubs inside of oak galls—there must be spontaneous generation. Bit by bit the evidence grew against such views. In 1670 Jan Swammerdam, painstaking student of the insect’s life cycle, suggested that the grubs in galls were enclosed in them for the sake of nourishment and must come from insects that had inserted their semen or their eggs into the plants.

1974, Philip P. Wiener, editor, Dictionary of the History of Ideas:

(phytopathology) A blister or tumor-like growth found on the surface of plants, caused by various pathogens, especially the burrowing of insect larvae into the living tissues, such as that of the common oak gall wasp (Cynips quercusfolii).


gout

en-noun

gout (countable and uncountable, plural gouts)

gouts (plural)
gowt (alternative obsolete)

→ Thai: เกาต์ (gáo)

From Middle English goute, from Old French gote, gute, from Latin gutta (“drop”). Compare Spanish gota (“drop, droplet”). Doublet of goutte, gutta, and gutter.
The sense shift derived from humorism and "the notion of the 'dropping' of a morbid material from the blood in and around the joints".

Once gout was confined largely to Western civilization (with some outliers, like the Mongol ruler Kublai Khan); now its ravages are global.

2020 November 13, Ligaya Mishan, “Once the Disease of Gluttonous Aristocrats, Gout Is Now Tormenting the Masses”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

(uncountable, pathology) An extremely painful inflammation of joints, especially of the big toe, caused by a metabolic defect resulting in the accumulation of uric acid in the blood and the deposition of urates around the joints.


grippe

grippe (countable and uncountable, plural grippes)

Borrowed from French grippe, from gripper (“to seize, snatch”), from Frankish *grīpan, from Proto-Germanic *grīpaną, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰreyb- (“to grab, to grasp”). Borrowed from French into many languages of the world. More at gripe.

der

These other germs are the cause of colds and coughs and grippes.

1885, Public Health, Michigan, volume 2, page 39:

"Mid-Lent, and the Enemy grins," remarked Selwyn as he started for church with Nina and the children. Austin, knee-deep in a dozen Sunday supplements, refused to stir; poor little Eileen was now convalescent from grippe, but still unsteady on her legs; her maid had taken the grippe, and now moaned all day: "Mon dieu! Mon dieu! Che fais mourir!"

1907 August, Robert W[illiam] Chambers, chapter IV, in The Younger Set, New York, N.Y.: D. Appleton & Company, →OCLC:


myopia

en-noun

myopia (countable and uncountable, plural myopias)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek μυωπία (muōpía, “shortsightedness”), from μύω (múō, “to shut, close”) + ὤψ (ṓps, “eye”) + -ία (-ía).

af

The modern rise in myopia mirrored a trend for children in many countries to spend more time engaged in reading, studying or — more recently — glued to computer and smartphone screens.

2015 March 15, Elie Dolgin, “The myopia boom”, in Nature:

(pathology) A disorder of the vision where distant objects appear blurred because the eye focuses their images in front of the retina instead of on it.


pica

en-noun

pica (countable and uncountable, plural picas)

Borrowed from Latin pīca (“jay; magpie”). Doublet of pie (“magpie”).
* (pathology): From the idea that magpies will eat almost anything.

bor+

The three most common nonfood picas were eating of strings and rags; feces, vomit, and urine; and paper, cigarettes, and soil.

1986, George S Baroff, Mental retardation: nature, cause, and management:

(pathology, usually uncountable) A disorder characterized by appetite and craving for non-edible substances, such as chalk, clay, dirt, ice, or sand.


shunt

From Middle English shunten, schunten, schonten, schounten, shont, shonte, shount, shounten, shunte (“to move rapidly or suddenly, jerk; to swerve, turn away; to avoid, dodge, escape, evade”), either:
* possibly a back-formation from Middle English shǒnen (“to decline to do, refuse; to abandon, forsake; to disdain, dislike, hate; to avoid, escape; to be afraid, fear; to be wary of”), from Old English sċunian, sċyniġan; see shun. Or
* an alteration of Middle English shunden, *schunden, *schinden, from Old English sċyndan, sċendan (“to hasten, hurry”) (as in āsċyndan (“to remove, take away”), from Proto-West Germanic *skundijan, from Proto-Germanic *skundijaną (“to compel, drive, push; to accelerate, rush, speed up”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kew(n)t- (“to rattle, shake”).
* from unrecorded Old English *sċunettan, a derivative of sċunian (“to shun, avoid”).
The English word is cognate with Danish skynde (“to hasten, hurry, speed”), Icelandic skynda, skunda (“to hasten”), Middle High German schünden (“to compel; to urge; to irritate”), Norwegian skynde (“to hurry, rush”), Swedish skynda (“to hasten, hurry; to scuttle, scurry”). Outside Germanic, compare Sanskrit स्कन्दति (skándati, “to dart, leap, spring, spurt or burst forth, ejaculate, assail, drop, split”), Albanian shkund (“to shake; to swig”).
As regards the noun sense, compare Middle English shunt (“swerve; sudden jerk”), derived from the verb.

cog

Portosystemic shunts can be congenital or acquired with congenital PSS commonly comprising a single communicating vessel between the portal venous circulation and the systemic circulation via the caudal vena cava or azygos vein. Of congenital shunts, 66–75% are extrahepatic. Intrahepatic portosystemic shunts are most commonly identified in larger breeds of dog (though we have also seen a number of terriers with intrahepatic shunts through our clinic).

2018, Jon[athan David] Wray, “Case 11 Presenting with Mentation Abnormalities”, in Canine Internal Medicine: What’s Your Diagnosis?, Hoboken, N.J., Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell, John Wiley & Sons, →ISBN, section C (Hepatobiliary Disease), page 127:

(medicine, veterinary medicine) An abnormal passage between body channels.


spavin

en-noun

spavin (countable and uncountable, plural spavins)

The noun is derived from Middle English spavein, spaveine (“swelling on horse’s leg causing lameness; disease causing lameness in horses”), from Old French espavain, a variant of esparvain, esprevain, esprevin (modern French éparvin, épervin). The further etymology is unknown; one suggestion is that it is from Frankish *sparwan (“sparrow”), though this is seen as quite tenuous.
The verb is derived from the noun.

[H]is horſe hip'd vvith an olde mothy ſaddle, and ſtirrops of no kindred: beſides poſſeſt vvith the glanders, and like to moſe in the chine, troubled vvith the Lampaſſe, infected vvith the faſhions, full of VVindegalls, ſped vvith Spauins, raied vvith the Yellovvs, […]

c. 1590–1592 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Taming of the Shrew”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii], page 219, column 1:

Of ſpauens, there be tvvo kindes, the bone Spauen and the blood: for the bone Spauen, you ſhall dreſſe it in all things like the ſplent, and it vvil heale it. For the bloud ſpauen you ſhall take vp the veane, and vvhen it hath bled vve pull out the bladder vvhich holdes the ſpauen, and ſtop the vvound vvith Sage and ſalt, and it vvill heale it.

1607, Gervase Markham, “Of Spauens”, in Cauelarice, or The English Horseman: […], London: […] [Edward Allde and W[illiam] Jaggard] for Edward White, […], →OCLC, 7th book, page 78:

Doubtleſſe a Spauen is an euil ſorance, and cauſeth a horſe to haule principally in the beginning of his griefe, it appeareth on the hinder Legges vvithin, and againſt the ioynt, and it vvill bee a little ſvvolne, and ſome horſes haue a thorough Spauen, vvhich appeareth both vvithin and vvithout. Of the Spauen there are tvvo kindes, the one hard the other ſoft: That is: bone-Spauen, and a blood-Spauen, […] Caſt the horſe and vvith a hot yron ſlitte the fleſh that couereth the Spauen, and then lay vpon the Spauen, Cantharides and Euforbium boyled together in oile de Bay, […]

1607, Conradus Gesnerus [i.e., Conrad Gessner], Edward Topsell, “Of the Horsse. [Of the Spauen, both Bone and Blood.]”, in The Historie of Foure-footed Beastes. […], London: […] William Iaggard, →OCLC, page 407:

Mr. Field had seen the same horses brought to his forge from day to day, and year to year, with large spavins, yet continuing perfectly sound.

1829 November 19, “Veterinary Medical Society, 21st Oct. 1829. Discussion on Mr. W. Percivall’s Paper on Soundness.”, in [William] Percivall, [William] Youatt, editors, The Veterinarian, volume II, number 24, London: […] Compton and Ritchie, […] [for] Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, & Green, […], published December 1829, →OCLC, page 509:

(countable) A bony swelling which develops in a horse's leg where the shank and splint bone meet, caused by inflammation of the cartilage connecting those bones; also, a similar swelling caused by inflammation of the hock bones.

[N]ovv the Bots, the Spauin, and the Glanders, and ſome doſen diſeaſes more, light on him, & his Moyles.

1601, Ben Jonson, Poetaster or The Arraignment: […], London: […] [R. Bradock] for M[atthew] L[ownes] […], published 1602, →OCLC, Act I, scene ii, signature B2, verso:

(uncountable) A disease of horses caused by this bony swelling (sense 1.1).