chancre

Borrowed from French chancre (“cancer”), from Latin cancer (“crab”). Cognate to canker and cancer.

The nurse stood up and went towards the door. At that point the caretaker said to me, "It's a chancre she's got." I didn't understand, so I looked at the nurse and saw that she had a bandage round her head just below the eyes. Where her nose should have been, the bandage was flat. Her face seemed to be nothing but a white bandage.

1942, Albert Camus, 'The Stranger' (a.k.a 'The Outsider'), Joseph Laredo translation, Ch.1:

If the primary stage is not treated the chancre will disappear after four to eight weeks but remember that the germ is still in the body.

1981 February 14, Robert Taylor, “Stages Of Syphilis”, in Gay Community News, volume 8, number 29, page 17:

(pathology) Skin lesion, sometimes associated with certain contagious diseases such as syphilis.


purpura

en-noun

purpura (countable and uncountable, plural purpuras)

Learned borrowing from Latin purpura. Doublet of purple and purpure.

(pathology) The appearance of red or purple discolorations on the skin that do not blanch when pressure is applied, caused by subdermal bleeding.


fungous

From Latin fungōsus. Equivalent to fungus + -ous.

(now rare, pathology) Of or containing a spongy, abnormal excrescence.


seborrhea

seborrhea (countable and uncountable, plural seborrheas)

seborrheas (plural)
seborrhoea (alternative)
seborrhœa (alternative)

(pathology) A skin disorder causing scaly, flaky, itchy, red skin.


necrobiosis

necrobiosis (countable and uncountable, plural necrobioses)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-necrobiosis.wav

(pathology) The normal death of cells or tissues because of age-related changes.


atherogenesis

atherogenesis (usually uncountable, plural atherogeneses)

(pathology) The formation of atheromas, especially on the walls of the arteries


blistering

Inflammations are treated generally by allopathic practitioners by bleedings, blisterings, purgings, vomitings, Antimony and Mercury: and this is practised, more or less, with little variation, wherever the seat of the inflammation may be.

1852, The American Journal of Homoeopathy, volumes 7-9, page 99:

(medicine, veterinary) The practice of forming blisters on the skin, to promote blood flow and aid healing.


radioneuritis

(pathology) neuritis caused by exposure to ionizing radiation


AVM

AVM (countable and uncountable, plural AVMs)

arteriovenous malformation
arteriovenous malformation#English

(medicine, pathology, countable) Initialism of arteriovenous malformation.

avian vacuolar myelinopathy
avian vacuolar myelinopathy#English

(pathology, ornithology) Initialism of avian vacuolar myelinopathy.


arteriovenous malformation

arteriovenous malformation (plural arteriovenous malformations)

(pathology) A congenital disorder in which arteries are connected directly to veins rather than through capillaries that distribute oxygen and nutrients. These connections, often called a nidus, can be extremely fragile and prone to bleeding.


acquired immune deficiency syndrome

acquired immune deficiency syndrome (uncountable)

AIDS (abbreviation)
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (alternative)

(pathology) An infectious disease, caused by HIV, that causes the gradual degeneration of the body's immune system.

infectious disease caused by HIV — see also AIDS

sindromi i mungesës së imunitetit të fituar

مُتَلَازِمَة نَقْص المَنَاعَة المُكْتَسَب

jeṙkʻberovi imunayin anbavararutʻyan hamaxtaniš

ձեռքբերովի իմունային անբավարարության համախտանիշ

sýndromo epíktitis anosologikís anepárkeias

σύνδρομο επίκτητης ανοσολογικής ανεπάρκειας

timim sapunniaġutiŋi inuŋasimmata naŋirrutinun

後天性免疫不全症候群

こうてんせいめんえきふぜんしょうこうぐん

jüre paida bolğan immunitet tapşylyğynyñ sindromy

жүре пайда болған иммунитет тапшылығының синдромы

jüre paida bolğan immundyq tapşylyq sindromy

жүре пайда болған иммундық тапшылық синдромы

naałniih yichʼą́ą́h naabaahígíí bąąh dahooʼaahgo


bulimarexia

(pathology) An eating disorder that occurs when a person has both anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa.

(pathology, uncommon) Synonym of bulimia nervosa.


gumma

Borrowed from New Latin gumma, extended in meaning from Late Latin gumma (“gum, resin”), a late form of cummis, cummi, from Ancient Greek κόμμι (kómmi), of Egyptian origin. Doublet of gum (Etymology 2).

(pathology) a soft, non-cancerous growth, a form of granuloma, resulting from the tertiary stage of syphilis.


strep

strep (countable and uncountable, plural streps)

Sore throat is the telltale sign. About one in 10 adults with a sore throat has strep, according to the C.D.C.

2023 April 14, Dani Blum, “Strep Is on the Rise. Here’s How to Minimize Your Risk.”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

(informal, pathology) Ellipsis of strep throat.


blastoma

blastoma (plural blastomas or blastomata)

(pathology) A tumour that is caused by malignancies in precursor cells or blasts.


pinealoma

pinealoma (plural pinealomas or pinealomata)

pinealomas (plural)
pinealomata (plural)

(pathology) A tumour of the pineal gland.


amelia

amelia (usually uncountable, plural amelias)

From a- + Ancient Greek μέλος (mélos, “limb”) + -ia.

As already mentioned, limb deficiencies – amelias and meromelias – represent an important group of limb abnormalities.

2006, Patrizia Ferretti, Andrew Copp, Cheryll Tickle, Embryos, Genes and Birth Defects, page 126:

The newborn examination confirms the diagnosis of amelia and distinguishes it from other limb deficiencies (e.g. terminal transverse defects) and sirenomelia.

2020, Birth Defects Surveillance: A Manual for Programme Managers, 2nd edition, World Health Organization, page 119:

2021, Femi Oyebode, Psychopathology of Rare and Unusual Syndromes, Royal College of Psychiatrists, Cambridge University Press, page 179,
Furthermore, the fact that people with amelia can experience phantom limbs, despite never having had any limbs, points to the existence of neural systems ready to respond to sensory inputs from limbs.

(pathology) The congenital absence of one or more limbs.


amelus

(pathology) A foetus born without limbs.


gonadoblastoma

gonadoblastoma (plural gonadoblastomas or gonadoblastomata)

gonadoblastomas (plural)
gonadoblastomata (plural)

(pathology, oncology) A tumour found in an ovary.


cholecystitis

cholecystitis (usually uncountable, plural cholecystites or cholecystitides)

cholecystites (plural)
cholecystitides (plural)

(pathology) An inflammation of the gall bladder.


polymicrogyria

(pathology) A deformity of the brain such that it has an excessive number of small folds, causing mental retardation.

polymicrogyrie

a deformity of the brain such that it has an excessive number of small folds, causing mental retardation


glandular fever

glandular fever (usually uncountable, plural glandular fevers)


megrims

(veterinary medicine) Any of various diseases of animals, especially horses, marked by a disturbance of equilibrium and abnormal gait and behaviour such as staggers or a sudden vertigo, sometimes followed by unconsciousness; the staggers.


iritis

iritis (countable and uncountable, plural iritides)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-iritis.wav

(pathology) An inflammation of the iris.


giardiasis

giardiasis (countable and uncountable, plural giardiases)

/d͡ʒɑː(ɹ)ˈdaɪəsɪs/

(pathology) An infectious diarrheal disease in humans and mammals caused by the Giardia duodenalis parasite.

(pathology) Any disease in animals caused by parasites of the genus Giardia.


mycosis

mycosis (countable and uncountable, plural mycoses)

(pathology) An infection caused by a fungus.


humoral

From Middle English humerale, humorale, humoural, from Middle French humoral and Medieval Latin hūmorālis, from Latin hūmor. By surface analysis, humor + -al.

Both the apocryphal belief in pre-transplant cross-match screening to discard active humoral immune response against the donor and the lack of sensible and reliable markers for detecting AMR give explanation to the surprising fact that AMR was nearly neglected in human renal transplantation during years.

2009, Giuseppe Remuzzi, Stefano Chiaramonte, N. Perico, Humoral Immunity in Kidney Transplantation, page 118:

Thus, the demonstration of the presence of: a thymic-lymphocytosis promoting factor in mice (Metcalf, 1958); a humoral lymphocyte stimulating factor in the serum of irradiated rats (Ito and Weinstein, 1963); a thymic lymphopoietic factor, "thymosin" (Goldstein et al., 1966); and a lymphocytosis inducing factor in the plasma of rats treated with antilymphocyte serum (Rakowitz et al., 1972) lend support to this hypothesis. Several other reports in the literature suggest the presence of humoral agents regulating leukocyte numbers.

2012, Joseph Lobue, Albert S. Gordon, Humoral Control of Growth And Differentiation, page 52:

The usual kind of excitation met with in the pancreas is purely humoral and there is no reason to assume that any form of nervous activity is involved in it.

2015, G. H. Parker, Humoral Agents in Nervous Activity:

(pathology, physiology) Relating to the body fluids or humours.


subluxation

subluxation (countable and uncountable, plural subluxations)

From French subluxation, from New Latin subluxatio, from subluxare (“to subluxate, to partially displace”) + -atio (“-ation: forming abstract nouns”), from sub- (“sub-: under, below, lesser”) + luxare (“to dislocate; to displace”) after the model of Ancient Greek παράρθρημα (parárthrēma). Equivalent to sub- + luxation.

The patient experienced subluxations of his right ulna, his lower right rear molar, and the lens of his left eye.

Lateral subluxation of the atlantoaxial joints has also been observed in rheumatoid arthritis patients.

1988, Donald Resnick, Diagnosis of Bone and Joint Disorders:

Many diseases and trauma are associated with lens subluxation. Clinical Features. All degrees of subluxation may be seen. Classically, iridodonesis is seen on slit lamp examination with eye movement. Phakodonesis may also be observed.

2001, William Tasman, Edward A. Jaeger, The Wills Eye Hospital Atlas of Clinical Ophthalmology, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, →ISBN, page 78:

Subluxation of a tooth may cause bleeding and mobility of the tooth as a result of injury to the periodontal fibers. Displacement of the tooth is not usually apparent. Approximately 15 % to 20 % of reported trauma cases exhibit [it].

2004, Michael Crocetti, Michael A. Barone, Frank A. Oski, Oski's Essential Pediatrics, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, →ISBN, page 176:


scoliotic

en-adj

scoliotic (comparative more scoliotic, superlative most scoliotic)

more scoliotic (comparative)
most scoliotic (superlative)

(pathology) Of, pertaining to, or affected by scoliosis.

scoliotique

of, pertaining to, or affected by scoliosis


diverticulitis

en-noun

diverticulitis (usually uncountable, plural diverticulites)

He had a slight fever and thought he had appendicitis. So did his doctor, who sent him to the emergency room, where an M.R.I. revealed not appendicitis but diverticulitis, an infection in an outpouching of his colon he never knew he had.

2019 October 28, Jane E. Brody, “Fiber in Fruits and Grains Protects Against Diverticulitis”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

(medicine, pathology) An infection of the diverticulum.


vampirism

vampirism (usually uncountable, plural vampirisms)

vampirisms (plural)
vampyrism (alternative archaic)

(pathology) Systemic lupus erythematosus (autoimmune disease)


cyanotic

In cold weather rosaceous cheeks often tend to become mauvish and take on a cyanotic tinge.

1976, Ronald Marks, Common facial dermatoses, page 9:

(pathology) Resembling or afflicted with cyanosis.


papilloma

papilloma (plural papillomas or papillomata)

papillomas (plural)
papillomata (plural)

(pathology, oncology) An epithelial tumour, usually benign, with the appearance of a papilla


congestee

…based on respiratory effects, specifically, vascular congestion, peribronchiolar edema, hemorrhagic alveoli, and congestee capillaries in the lungs (IRIS).

1998, United States Congress et al., Departments of Veterans Affairs and Housing and Urban Development, and Independent Agencies, Appropriations for 1999, page 464:

(pathology) A thing congested to the point of malfunction.


redundant colon

redundant colon (plural redundant colons)

(pathology) A large intestine (colon) that is longer than normal and as a result has repetitive, overlapping loops


zoophagia

(pathology) The act of eating living creatures.


sexually transmitted infection

sexually transmitted infection (plural sexually transmitted infections)

sexually transmitted infections (plural)

sexually transmitted disease
sexually transmitted disease

(pathology) A sexually transmitted disease, with or without symptoms.

seksueel overdraagbare infectie

a sexually transmitted disease, with or without symptoms

zaxvorjuvannja ščo peredajetʹsja statevym šljaxom

захворювання що передається статевим шляхом


spavined

en-adj

spavined (comparative more spavined, superlative most spavined)

more spavined (comparative)
most spavined (superlative)

From Late Middle English spaueyned, from spavein, spaveine (“swelling on horse’s leg causing lameness; disease causing lameness in horses”) + -ed (suffix forming adjectives; and the past tense and past participle forms of weak verbs). By surface analysis, spavin + -ed (suffix forming possessional adjectives from nouns, denoting having the objects represented by the nouns; and forming past tenses of regular verbs).

surf

[H]e […] made a present to Andrew of a broken-winded and spavined poney, in order to enable him to pursue his journey.

1817 December 31 (indicated as 1818), [Walter Scott], chapter VI, in Rob Roy. […], volume II, Edinburgh: […] James Ballantyne and Co. for Archibald Constable and Co. […]; London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, →OCLC, page 115:

A horse-giver, no more than a horse-seller, has a right to palm his spavined article upon us for good ware. An equivalent is expected in either case; and, with my own good will, I would no more be cheated out of my thanks, than out of my money.

1833, Elia [pseudonym; Charles Lamb], “[Popular Fallacies.] XI. That We Must Not Look a Gift-Horse in the Mouth, […].”, in The Last Essays of Elia. […], London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, page 250:

[…] Mr. Thumble, […] had ridden over to Hogglestock on a poor spavined brute belonging to the bishop's stable, and which had once been the bishop's cob.

1867, Anthony Trollope, “The Bishop’s Angel”, in The Last Chronicle of Barset. […], volume I, London: Smith, Elder and Co., […], →OCLC, page 106:

As for the wonderful feats of horsemanship one hears of or sees among the Arabs, they are due to sharp spurs like razors, and to bits strong enough to break an animal's jaw. […] The favourite feat at their fantasias or fêtes of suddenly pulling up their horses short while at a hand-gallop, ruins their legs, and there is in consequence scarcely a horse to be seen whose hind-legs are not spavined.

1868, Mrs. H. Lloyd Evans, “Across the Atlas”, in Last Winter in Algeria, London: Chapman & Hall, […], →OCLC, page 100:

The Whig party was supposed to be broken in 1842. It was likened to the man who wished to sell his horse. A by-stander asked if the horse was not spavined? "Spavined! I don't know what that is; but if the horse is any better for being spavined, then he is spavined!"

1876, Samuel S[ullivan] Cox, “Legislative Anecdote—Continued”, in Why We Laugh, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers, […], →OCLC, page 281:

Into the vale from the north rode a stranger. He was mounted on a mangy, shovel-headed horse so spavined that it should have been unable to support his improbable bulk.

2010, Stephen R[eeder] Donaldson, Against All Things Ending (The Last Chronicles of Thomas Covenant; 3), New York, N.Y.: G[eorge] P[almer] Putnam’s Sons, →ISBN, page 54:

(farriery, veterinary medicine) Of a horse: having spavin (“a disease of horses caused by a bony swelling which develops in a leg due to inflammation”).


hyperekplexia

hyperekplexias (plural)
hyperexplexia (alternative)

From hyper- + Ancient Greek ἐκπληξία (ekplēxía, “amazement, terror”), from Ancient Greek ἔκπληξις (ékplēxis, “consternation”) + -ία (-ía, nominal suffix).

af

(pathology) A neurological disorder characterized by an exaggerated startle response in situations of distress.


potato blight

They say they used to give pauper children soup to change to protestants in the time of the potato blight.

1922 February, James Joyce, “[Episode 8]”, in Ulysses, Paris: Shakespeare and Company, […], →OCLC:

Phytophthora infestans
Phytophthora infestans#Translingual

(phytopathology) A devastating disease of potatoes caused by the oomycete Phytophthora infestans.

perunarutto

Phytophthora infestans, disease of potatoes


CIP

congenital insensitivity to pain#English

(pathology) Initialism of congenital insensitivity to pain.


calcinosis

(pathology) The abnormal deposition of calcium salts in the soft tissue of the body


pyloric stenosis

(pathology) A narrowing of the pylorus which prevents the normal passage of food from the stomach to the small intestine.


protanopia

en-noun

protanopia (usually uncountable, plural protanopias)

From proto- (“first (color)”) + an- (“without”) + -opia (“vision”).

(pathology) A form of color blindness. Involves a defect in distinguishing between red and green.


fibromyalgia

fibromyalgia (countable and uncountable, plural fibromyalgias)

From fibro- (“tissue”) + my- (“muscle”) + -algia (“pain”).

confix

They have since used the approach to look at the brains of people with fibromyalgia, a mysterious syndrome that causes pain all over the body. Volunteers with fibromyalgia also had more active glial cells in their brains, although this time in the cerebellar cortex and the medulla – regions that are linked to movement and automatic functions like breathing and digestion.

2016 November 26, Jessica Hamzelou, “Hitting where it hurts”, in New Scientist, number 3101, page 36:

(medicine, pathology) A condition characterised by chronic pain, stiffness, and tenderness of the muscles, tendons, and joints.


spontaneous pneumothorax

en-noun

spontaneous pneumothorax (plural spontaneous pneumothoraces)

(pathology) A pulmonary condition resulting in the collection of air within the chest, which occurs absent traumatic injury. Spontaneous Pneumothorax are considered a medical emergency, generally requiring assistive radiographic evaluation to determine the extent of lung collapse, as well as determine the most appropriate course of emergency medical treatment for the patient. Abbreviated as SP.


Behçet's syndrome

Behçet's disease
Behçet's disease#English

(pathology, archaic) Synonym of Behçet's disease.


Behçet's disease

Named after Turkish dermatologist Hulusi Behçet (1889–1948), who studied the disease in 1924.

named-after

(pathology) A multi-system disorder involving ulcerations on the mouth and sometimes the genitals, notorious for causing hypopyon uveitis (actually a rare symptom).


cachexia

en-noun

cachexia (countable and uncountable, plural cachexias or cachexiae)

From Late Latin cachexia or French cachexie, from Ancient Greek καχεξία (kakhexía), from κακός (kakós, “bad; injurious”) + ἕξῐς (héxĭs, “act of having; habit or state of body”) (ultimately from ἔχω (ékhō, “to have”)) + -ῐᾰ (-ĭă, suffix added to adjectives to form abstract nouns).

refn

From William H[eiskell] Deaderick (1909) “Clinical History”, in A Practical Study of Malaria, Philadelphia, Pa., London: W. B. Saunders Company, →OCLC, figures 62–66 between pages 238 and 239.

An handful of the Leavs or Roots [of garden succory] boyled in Wine or Water, and a draught thereof drunk faſting, […] helpeth the yellow Jaundice, the Heat of the Reins and of the Urin, and the Dropſie also, and thoſe that have an evil Diſpoſition in their Bodies by reaſon of long ſickneſs, evil Diet &c., which the Greeks call Καχεξία, Cachexia.

1652, Nich[olas] Culpeper, “Succory”, in The English Physitian: Or An Astrologo-physical Discourse of the Vulgar Herbs of This Nation. […], London: […] Peter Cole, […], →OCLC, pages 223–224:

[T]he intimate nature of cachexia is a deterioration in the qualities of blood, a favourite doctrine with the humoral pathologists, in support of which many very powerful arguments might still be adduced.

1830, George Gregory, Daniel L. M. Peixotto, “Cachexia and Scurvy”, in Elements of the Theory and Practice of Physic, […], 1st New York edition, New York, N.Y.: Published by M. Sherman, →OCLC, page 518:

If we have hitherto no approach to a physiological expression for those autopathic cachexiæ in which gout, scrofula, and cancer respectively originate, let it be observed that our faculty of analogical interpretation remains inert, in respect of these and many other disorders, only for want of a correct and comprehensive hæmatology.

1848 April 21, “Importance of a Precise Knowledge of the Composition of Blood in the Investigation of Disease”, in The London Medical Gazette, or Journal of Practical Medicine, volume XLI (New Series, volume VI), number 1064, London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, […], →OCLC, page 676:

One must take note, as well, of the difference between clinical accounts and clinical-pathological accounts. That is, one must distinguish among: 1) classifications based on clinical findings, such as those advanced by Sydenham and Sauvages, which grouped illnesses under such basic rubrics as fevers, fluxes, cachexias, weaknesses, etc.; […]

1977, H[ugo] Tristram Englehardt, Jr., “Closing Remarks”, in H. Tristram Englehardt, Jr., Stuart F. Spicker, Bernard Towers, editors, Clinical Judgment: A Critical Appraisal: […] (Philosophy and Medicine; 6), Dordrecht: D. Reidel Publishing Company, →ISBN, page 266:

Cancer cachexia is a complex metabolic process, due to both host and tumor factors, which results in excess catabolism as well as aberrant fat and carbohydrate metabolism.

2007, Toby C. Campbell, Jamie H. Von Roenn, “Anorexia/Weight Loss”, in Ann M. Berger, John L. Shuster, Jr., Jamie H. Von Roenn, editors, Principles and Practice of Palliative Care and Supportive Oncology, 3rd edition, Philadelphia, Pa.: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, →ISBN, part C (Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Syndromes), page 125:

Cancer cachexia is a complex syndrome clinically manifest by progressive involuntary weight loss and diminished food intake and characterized by a variety of biochemical alterations.

2007, Lawrence E. Harrison, “Nutritional Support for the Cancer Patient”, in Alfred E. Chang, Patricia A. Ganz, Daniel F. Hayes, Timothy Kinsella, Harvey I. Pass, Joan H. Schiller, Richard M. Stone, Victor Strecher, editors, Oncology: An Evidence-based Approach, New York, N.Y.: Springer Science+Business Media, →ISBN, page 1488:

Preoperative nutritional therapy in CHF [congestive heart failure] patients with cachexia is associated with improved postoperative survival rates. Hence, identifying susceptible patients and intervening prior to development of cardiac cachexia is necessary.

2008, Roopa Vemulapalli, Jennifer Tomesko, “Cardiothoracic Nutrition”, in Mary Marian, Mary Russell, Scott A[lan] Shikora, Clinical Nutrition for Surgical Patients, Sudbury, Mass., Mississauga, Ont., London: Jones and Bartlett Publishers, →ISBN, page 84:

While sarcopenia occurs very commonly with aging, cachexia occurs mainly in association with acute or chronic disease.

2009, Connie Watkins Bales, Christine Seel Ritchie, “Redefining Nutritional Frailty: Interventions for Weight Loss Due to Undernutrition”, in Connie Watkins Bales, Christine Seel Ritchie, editors, Handbook of Clinical Nutrition and Aging (Nutrition & Health), 2nd edition, New York, N.Y.: Humana Press, →DOI, →ISBN, part II (Fundamentals of Nutrition and Geriatric Syndromes), figure 9.1 caption, page 158:

(pathology) A systemic wasting of muscle tissue, with or without loss of fat mass, that accompanies a chronic disease.

متلازمة الهزال

systemic wasting of muscle tissue that accompanies a chronic disease


ischæmia

(cardiology, pathology) Obsolete spelling of ischemia.


arachnoiditis

(pathology) A neuropathic disease caused by the inflammation of the arachnoid, one of the membranes that surround and protect the nerves of the spinal cord.


radiculopathy

(pathology) Any disease of the spinal nerve roots and spinal nerves.

radiculopatia

pathology: any disease of the spinal nerve roots and spinal nerves


Barlow's disease

Named after Sir Thomas Barlow (1845–1945), the British physician who described it.

(pathology) The disease scurvy in infants.


Cheadle-Möller-Barlow syndrome

Named after Dr. Walter Butler Cheadle, Sir Thomas Barlow and Julius Otto Ludwig Möller who described it.

(pathology) The disease scurvy especially in infants.


Cheadle's disease

Named after Dr. Walter Butler Cheadle who described it.

(pathology) The disease scurvy, especially in infants.


Moeller's disease

Named after Julius Otto Ludwig Möller, who described it.


Möller-Barlow disease

Named after Sir Thomas Barlow (1845–1945) and Julius Otto Ludwig Möller, who described it.


scorbutus

From New Latin scorbūtus, from French scorbut. Doublet of scorbut and scurvy.


idiopathy

From idio- + -pathy. First appears c. 1634, in the publications of Philiatreus (fl. 1630).

The sterilization that was first conceived as a recourse of limited medical reach came to be considered an efficient eugenical procedure that could prevent descendents^([sic]) with hereditary and transmissible disorders, such as mental deficiency, epilepsy, idiopathies, etc.

1970, D. V. Salcedo, M. G. Mujica, “A Study of Sterilized Women in the Urban Communities of the Western Area of Santiago, 1963-1966”, in The Journal of Sex Research, volume 6, number 1, page 42:

(pathology) A disease or condition arising spontaneously or having no known cause.


elopement

en-noun

elopement (countable and uncountable, plural elopements)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-elopement.wav

(pathology) The act of a person with dementia wandering away from the area where they are safe.


-osis

From Ancient Greek -ωσις (-ōsis, “state, abnormal condition, or action”), from -όω (-óō) stem verbs + -σις (-sis).

der

(pathology) functional disease or condition such as hepatosis


parrot fever

(pathology, veterinary medicine) An infectious disease caused by the bacterium Chlamydophila psittaci and contracted from many species of bird.


lymphoblastic leukemia

en-noun

lymphoblastic leukemia (countable and uncountable, plural lymphoblastic leukemias)

lymphoblastic leukemias (plural)
lymphoblastic leukaemia (alternative)

(US, oncology, pathology) An acute form of leukemia characterized by a very large number of lymphoblasts in the circulating blood.


neurodegenerative

en-adj

neurodegenerative (comparative more neurodegenerative, superlative most neurodegenerative)

more neurodegenerative (comparative)
most neurodegenerative (superlative)

A very rare polymorphism in the prion protein gene recently has been identified that appears to protect against prion disease; this finding, in addition to providing greater understanding of the prionlike mechanisms of neurodegenerative disorders, might lead to potential treatments.

2015 December 21, Michael D. Geschwind, “Prion Diseases”, in Continuum (Minneap Minn), →DOI:

It doesn’t help that symptoms of Alzheimer’s develop gradually and slowly and a diagnosis might only be made years after the brain has started to undergo neurodegenerative changes.

2018 January 18, Jürgen Götz, “Why it’s so hard to treat dementia”, in CNN:

(neurology, pathology) Of, pertaining to, or resulting in the progressive loss of nerve cells and of neurologic function.

neurodegeneratiu

pertaining to the progressive loss of nerve cells


gravelly

gravelly (comparative more gravelly, superlative most gravelly)

more gravelly (comparative)
most gravelly (superlative)
gravely (alternative)

From Middle English gravelli (“covered with gravel or sand; (pathology) containing sand-like matter”), from gravel (“sand; grain of stand; gravel, pebbles; (pathology) sand-like matter in the urine, calculus”) + -lī (suffix forming adjectives). Gravel is derived from Old French gravel, gravele, gravelle (“gravel; (pathology) calculus”) (modern French gravelle (“(pathology) calculus”)), from grave (“coarse sand, gravel; seashore”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʰreh₁w- (“to grind”); modern French grève (“riverbank; shore, strand”)) + -ele (diminutive suffix). The English word is analysable as gravel + -y (suffix forming adjectives meaning ‘having the quality of’).

af

(pathology) Caused by or involving gravel (“kidney stones”).


asthenozoospermic

en-adj

asthenozoospermic (comparative more asthenozoospermic, superlative most asthenozoospermic)

more asthenozoospermic (comparative)
most asthenozoospermic (superlative)

(pathology)Of or pertaining to asthenozoospermia.


normozoospermic

(pathology) Having a normal sperm production


oligozoospermic

oligozoospermic (comparative more oligozoospermic, superlative most oligozoospermic)

more oligozoospermic (comparative)
most oligozoospermic (superlative)

(pathology) Of or pertaining to oligozoospermia.


chancroid

/ˈʃæŋ.kɹɔɪd/

(pathology) A sexually transmitted infection, caused by bacteria of species Haemophilus ducreyi, characterized by painful sores on the genitalia.


lymphogranuloma venereum

/ˌlɪmfəˌɡɹænjʊˈləʊmə vəˈnɪəɹɪəm/

(pathology) A sexually transmitted disease caused by Chlamydia trachomatis.


athlete's foot

(pathology) A fungal infection of the skin of the foot, usually between the toes, caused by pathogen fungi, such as Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton interdigitale, syn. Trichophyton mentagrophytes, or Epidermophyton floccosum


uremic

uremic (comparative more uremic, superlative most uremic)

more uremic (comparative)
most uremic (superlative)
uraemic (alternative UK)

/jʊəˈɹiːmɪk/

(pathology) Of, relating to, or causing uremia.


traumatize

en-verb

traumatize (third-person singular simple present traumatizes, present participle traumatizing, simple past and past participle traumatized)

traumatizes (present singular third-person)
traumatizing (participle present)
traumatized (participle past)
traumatized (past)
traumatise (alternative)

(transitive, pathology) To injure, e.g. tissues, by force or by thermal, chemical or other agents.


clinical chemistry

(pathology) Branch of pathology concerned with the chemical analysis of bodily fluids etc.


clinical biochemistry

clinical chemistry
clinical chemistry#English

(pathology) Synonym of clinical chemistry.


sarcopenia

en-noun

sarcopenia (usually uncountable, plural sarcopenias)

From Ancient Greek σάρξ (sárx, “flesh”) + πενῐ́ᾱ (penĭ́ā, “poverty, want”).

compound

Factors contributing to frailty include sarcopenia and decline in executive function.

2008, Wilbert S. Aronow, Jerome L. Fleg, Michael W. Rich, Cardiovascular Disease in the Elderly, 4th edition, Taylor & Francis, page 814:

2021, Beatrice Gasperini, Stefano Volpato, Antonio Cherubini, Chapter 9: Acute Sarcopenia, Alfonso J. Cruz-Jentoft, John E. Morley (editors), Sarcopenia, John Wiley & Sons (Wiley Blackwell), 2nd Edition, page 96,
The incidence of sarcopenia was investigated in the GLISTEN study. Sarcopenia at hospital admission was diagnosed in 227 (34.7%) patients.

When no evident cause of gradual-onset chronic sarcopenia is present in an older person, age-associated (primary) sarcopenia is diagnosed, and further examination of long-term habits that may have led to sarcopenia is appropriate.

2022, Jeffrey B. HalterJoseph G. OuslanderStephanie Studenskiet al., Hazzard's Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, 8th edition, McGraw Hill, page 736:

(pathology) Gradual loss of skeletal muscle due to aging, immobility, illness, or combinations thereof.

spierverlies

gradual age-related loss of skeletal muscle


areflexia

(pathology) Lack of neuromuscular reflexes. A symptom associated with many neurological disorders.


septicæmia

en-noun

septicæmia (countable and uncountable, plural septicæmias or septicæmiæ)

septicæmias (plural)
septicæmiæ (plural)

(pathology) Obsolete spelling of septicaemia.


brain fever

brain fever (countable and uncountable, plural brain fevers)

brain fevers (plural)
brain-fever (alternative)

(pathology, dated) encephalitis or meningitis


brain-fever

(pathology) Alternative spelling of brain fever.


haemorrhagic fever

haemorrhagic fever (countable and uncountable, plural haemorrhagic fevers)

haemorrhagic fevers (plural)
hemorrhagic fever (alternative)

viral haemorrhagic fever
viral haemorrhagic fever

(chiefly British, pathology) viral haemorrhagic fever


hemorrhagic fever

hemorrhagic fever (countable and uncountable, plural hemorrhagic fevers)

haemorrhagic fever
haemorrhagic fever#English

(pathology, US, Canada) Alternative form of haemorrhagic fever.


Mediterranean fever

Familial Mediterranean fever
familial Mediterranean fever

(pathology) Familial Mediterranean fever.


mountain fever

Rocky Mountain spotted fever
Rocky Mountain spotted fever

(pathology) Rocky Mountain spotted fever.


relapsing fever

(pathology) An infection caused by certain bacteria of the genus Borrelia, transmitted by lice and ticks.


spotted fever

spotted fever (countable and uncountable, plural spotted fevers)

(pathology) any of various diseases causing fever and spots on the skin


swine fever

(pathology) A contagious, usually fatal, disease of pigs, causing fever, skin lesions and convulsions, caused by Pestivirus C (CSFV).


Texas fever

Cattle from Texas, themselves not showing signs of infection, spread this disease to the Midwestern United States.

(pathology) A tick-borne disease of cattle caused by the parasite Babesia bigemina.


tick fever

(pathology) any of various diseases transmitted by ticks


strangury

strangury (countable and uncountable, plural stranguries)

stranguries (plural)
stranguary (alternative)

/ˈstɹæŋɡjəɹi/

From Middle English strangury, from Latin stranguria, from Ancient Greek στραγγουρία (strangouría).

(pathology, urology) A painful, frequent need to urinate, when the bladder is largely empty or with little urine production.


acromegalia

Unadapted borrowing from New Latin acromegalia, from Ancient Greek ἄκρον (ákron, “tip, extremity”) and μέγας (mégas, “large”).

der

(pathology) Alternative form of acromegaly.


acromegalic

en-adj

acromegalic (comparative more acromegalic, superlative most acromegalic)

more acromegalic (comparative)
most acromegalic (superlative)

/ˌækɹoʊmɪˈɡælɪk/

At that moment a match flared on the far side of the room and illuminated the ruddy acromegalic features of Smirke […]

1982, TC Boyle, Water Music, Penguin, published 2006, page 133:

(pathology) Pertaining to or characteristic of acromegaly.


acromegalic

/ˌækɹoʊmɪˈɡælɪk/

(pathology) A person affected by acromegaly.


Marie's disease

From Pierre Marie who described the diseases below.

(pathology) The disease hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy.


CVI

(pathology) Initialism of cortical visual impairment.


macrodontia

(pathology, dentistry) The medical condition of having unusually large teeth.


chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

en-noun

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (countable and uncountable, plural chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases)

chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (plural)

(medicine, pulmonology, pathology) A type of progressive lung disease characterized by long-term respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation.

maladie pulmonaire obstructive chronique

pilṭvis kroniḳuli obsṭrukciuli daavadeba

ფილტვის ქრონიკული ობსტრუქციული დაავადება

慢性閉塞性肺疾患

まんせいへいそくせいはいしっかん

xroníčeskaja obstruktívnaja boléznʹ ljóxkix

хрони́ческая обструкти́вная боле́знь лёгких

xronične obstruktyvne zaxvorjuvannja lehenʹ

хронічне обструктивне захворювання легень


crown gall

(phytopathology) A disease of plants caused by infection of soil bacteria of the genus Agrobacterium


cloverleaf skull

cloverleaf skull (plural cloverleaf skulls)

(pathology) The abnormal skull resulting from craniosynostosis.


craniosynostosis

craniosynostosis (countable and uncountable, plural craniosynostoses)

(pathology) A medical condition in which some or all of the sutures in the skull of an infant close too early, causing problems with normal brain and skull growth.


leaf spot

(phytopathology) Any of various fungal or bacterial diseases of plants that cause blemishes on their leaves.


XDR

extremely drug resistant
extremely drug resistant#English

(pathology) Initialism of extremely drug resistant (used to refer to strains of tuberculosis).


Japanese encephalitis

(pathology) A viral disease prevalent in south-east Asia, caused by Japanese encephalitis virus transmitted by mosquito.


myocardial infarct

myocardial infarct (plural myocardial infarcts)

myocardial infarction
myocardial infarction#English

(cardiology, pathology) Synonym of myocardial infarction.


necrose

en-verb

necrose (third-person singular simple present necroses, present participle necrosing, simple past and past participle necrosed)

necroses (present singular third-person)
necrosing (participle present)
necrosed (participle past)
necrosed (past)

(intransitive, pathology) To become necrotic.


thrombotic

en-adj

thrombotic (comparative more thrombotic, superlative most thrombotic)

more thrombotic (comparative)
most thrombotic (superlative)

(pathology) Of, pertaining to, or caused by thrombosis


disbud

en-verb

disbud (third-person singular simple present disbuds, present participle disbudding, simple past and past participle disbudded)

disbuds (present singular third-person)
disbudding (participle present)
disbudded (participle past)
disbudded (past)

(veterinary) To remove horn-buds from a young calf, lamb or goat kid, to prevent growth of horns.


CFS

en-noun

CFS (countable and uncountable, plural CFSs)

Over the years, openSNP became one of the largest repositories of its kind, used in research, education, and even community-led investigations like debunking flawed CFS genetic studies.

2025 April 2, Bill Toulas, “Genetic data site openSNP to close and delete data over privacy concerns”, in BleepingComputer:

chronic fatigue syndrome
chronic fatigue syndrome#English

(pathology) Initialism of chronic fatigue syndrome.

cramp fasciculation syndrome
cramp fasciculation syndrome#English

(pathology) Initialism of cramp fasciculation syndrome.


erethism

erethism (countable and uncountable, plural erethisms)

From French éréthisme, from Ancient Greek ἐρεθισμός (erethismós), from ἐρεθίζειν (erethízein, “to irritate”).

(pathology) Abnormal excitement of a bodily organ or tissue.

eretismi

pathology: abnormal excitement of organ or tissue


scours

(veterinary medicine) Diarrhea in horses and cattle caused by intestinal infection.


traumatized

en-adj

traumatized (comparative more traumatized, superlative most traumatized)

more traumatized (comparative)
most traumatized (superlative)

(pathology) Injured, e.g. tissues, by force or by thermal, chemical or other agents.


transvestism

en-noun

transvestism (usually uncountable, plural transvestisms)

(clinical psychology, psychiatry, pathology) A paraphilia typically found in heterosexual males characterized by compulsively seeking and deriving sexual arousal from cross-dressing, especially if the urges and behavior cause the patient distress or social impairment.


hypoplasia

hypoplasia (countable and uncountable, plural hypoplasias)

1995, William M. Thurlbeck, 2. Lung Growth and Development, William M. Thurlbeck, Andrew Churg (editors), 2nd edition, Thieme Medical Publishers, Pathology of the Lung, page 56,
Since the renal system and the lung develop at the same time, there has been repeated speculation that pulmonary hypoplasia and renal anomalies may be linked by a common developmental defect.

2022, Robert A. Foster, Christopher Premanandan, Chapter 19: Male Reproductive System, James F. Zachary (editor), Pathologic Basis of Veterinary Disease, 7th edition, Elsevier, page 1320,
Hypoplasia of the testes is a common condition and DSD.

This complex etiology suggests that individual life histories should be interpreted carefully since enamel hypoplasias could reflect stressors experienced by an individual's parents and individual genetic susceptibility. Additionally, enamel hypoplasias may be more indicative of acute episodes of stress instead of long, chronic periods of stress.

2024, Anne E. Austin, Healthmaking in Ancient Egypt, Koninklijke Brill, page 64:

(medicine, pathology) Underdevelopment or incomplete development of a tissue or organ, especially when caused by an inadequate or below-normal number of cells.

hypoplasie

condition of under- or incomplete development of a tissue or organ


brachylaimiasis

Zoonotic trematode (brachylaimiasis) and cestode (rodentoleposis) infections have been reported from semi-arid environments.

2004 December 23, David M. Spratt, “Australian ecosystems, capricious food chains and parasitic consequences for people”, in International Journal for Parasitology, volume 35, issue 7 (June 2005), Elsevier (2005), page 717

(pathology) Infection by trematode worms of genus Brachylaima.


primipara

primipara (plural primiparas or primiparae)

/ˌpɹaɪˈmɪpəɹə/

/ˌpɹaɪˈmɪpɹə/

/pɹaɪˈmɪpəɹə/

Borrowed from Latin prīmipara (“pregnant for the first time; having given birth to only one offspring; primiparous”), from prīmus (“first”) + parere (from pariō (“to bear, give birth to; to beget, produce”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *per- (“to carry forth”)). The word is cognate with French primipare.

der

(obstetrics, veterinary medicine) A woman or female animal during or after her first pregnancy.

първескиня

woman or female animal during or after her first pregnancy — see also primigravida

(obstetrics, veterinary medicine, specifically) A woman or female animal that has carried a first pregnancy to a viable gestational age.

primipara

woman or female animal that has carried a pregnancy to a viable gestational age


esca

(phytopathology) A fungal disease afflicting grapes.


misdiagnosis

en-noun

misdiagnosis (countable and uncountable, plural misdiagnoses)

Some researchers have proposed that early social dysfunction in 22q11DS is associated with premorbidity to schizophrenia, and that these social impairments may result in a misdiagnosis of an ASD.

2015 July 23, “Transcriptome Profiling of Peripheral Blood in 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome Reveals Functional Pathways Related to Psychosis and Autism Spectrum Disorder”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

They have suffered from misdiagnoses, lapses in treatment, a lack of access to specialized food and physical therapy, displacement and the unrelenting stress of war.

2024 April 10, Lynsey Addario, “‘Mom, I Want to Live’: A Young Girl Battles War and Cancer”, in The New York Times:

(medicine, pathology) An incorrect diagnosis.


misdiagnose

en-verb

misdiagnose (third-person singular simple present misdiagnoses, present participle misdiagnosing, simple past and past participle misdiagnosed)

misdiagnoses (present singular third-person)
misdiagnosing (participle present)
misdiagnosed (participle past)
misdiagnosed (past)

Ulcerated BCC may mimic SCC, and Bowen's disease may be misdiagnosed for the superficial and morphoeic forms.

1993, W. E. De Launey, Harvey Rotstein, W. A. Land, De Launey and Land Principles and Practice of Dermatology:

What would it cost you and the patient if you were to misdiagnose or miss something as a result of not giving the documentation process the attention it requires? What could happen if you misdocument a patient chart?

2010, Keith Rosen, Coaching Salespeople into Sales Champions:

Big technology companies are still misdiagnosing why they have so many enemies.

2021 April 21, Shira Ovide, “Why Is Big Tech Under Assault? Power.”, in The New York Times:

I was alone when I read Ward’s piece, horizontal in bed after a long day, and it occurred to me that he might be misdiagnosing some of the reasons people appear to be spending more time alone, possibly underestimating the strength of virtual connections.

2022 March 12, Jessica Grose, “We’re Spending More Time Alone. Maybe It’s Because We’re Exhausted.”, in The New York Times:

(transitive, pathology) To incorrectly diagnose.


LCA

en-noun

LCA (countable and uncountable, plural LCAs)

Leber's congenital amaurosis
w:Leber's congenital amaurosis

(pathology, uncountable) Initialism of Leber's congenital amaurosis.

Leucocyte common antigen
w:Leucocyte common antigen

(pathology) Initialism of Leucocyte common antigen.


zymotically

Whether this mass of filth [wet house-refuse] be, zymotically, the cause of cholera, or whether it be (as cannot be questioned) a means of agricultural fertility, and therefore of national wealth, it must be removed.

1851, Henry Mayhew, London Labour and the London Poor, volume 2, London: G. Newbold, page 385:

(pathology, obsolete) In a zymotic manner, infectiously.


Proteus syndrome

Named after the Greek sea-god Proteus, who could change his shape.

(pathology) A congenital disorder that causes skin overgrowth and atypical bone development, often accompanied by tumors.


head blight

(phytopathology) a blight afflicting the seed heads or inflorescences of cereal crops


mineralization

mineralization (countable and uncountable, plural mineralizations)

mineralizations (plural)
mineralisation (alternative)

(pathology) The deposition of calcium salts in abnormal parts of the skeleton.


bronchiolitis

These included multilobular consolidation with histiological lesions of bronchiolitis with epithelial necrosis and syncytia [14 ].

2015 November 17, “Single Pathogen Challenge with Agents of the Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(pathology) Inflammation of the bronchioles; especially common in young children.

bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia


pterygium

pterygium (plural pterygiums or pterygia)

From Ancient Greek πτερύγιον (pterúgion), diminutive of πτέρυξ (ptérux, “wing”).

(pathology) An abnormal mass of tissue in the corner of the eye that obstructs vision


declaw

en-verb

declaw (third-person singular simple present declaws, present participle declawing, simple past and past participle declawed)

declaws (present singular third-person)
declawing (participle present)
declawed (participle past)
declawed (past)

(transitive, veterinary medicine) To surgically remove the claws of (an animal); to perform onychectomy on.


declawing

en-noun

declawing (usually uncountable, plural declawings)

(veterinary medicine) The surgical removal of claws.


peptic ulcer

gastrointestinal tract
gastrointestinal tract

(pathology) An ulcer of an area of the gastrointestinal tract.

ви́разка шлу́нка f (výrazka šlúnka, literally “stomach ulcer”)


micropolygyria

(pathology) A neuronal migration disorder, a developmental anomaly of the brain characterized by development of numerous small convolutions (microgyri), causing mental retardation.


collie eye anomaly

(veterinary medicine) A congenital, inherited, bilateral eye disease of dogs characterized by an underdeveloped choroid.


onchocerciasis

onchocerciasis (countable and uncountable, plural onchocerciases)

/ɒŋkəsɜːˈkaɪəsɪs/

From New Latin Onchocerca (a genus of parasitic worms), from Ancient Greek ὄγκος (ónkos, “barb”) + κέρκος (kérkos, “tail”) + -iasis.

der

(pathology) A disease caused by a worm of the genus Onchocerca, especially as transmitted to humans by flies and often causing blindness; common in tropical Africa.


encephalomyocarditis

central nervous system
central nervous system

(veterinary medicine) A viral disease afflicting pigs and some non-human primates, attacking muscle tissue and the central nervous system.

Enzephalomyokarditis

viral disease affecting pigs and primates


hepatoma

en-noun

hepatoma (plural hepatomas or hepatomata)

From hepato- (“liver”) + -oma (“tumor”).

(pathology) A cancer originating in the liver.


campylobacteriosis

campylobacteriosis (countable and uncountable, plural campylobacterioses)

(pathology) An infection by the bacteria campylobacter.


LGV

lymphogranuloma venereum
lymphogranuloma venereum#English

(pathology) Initialism of lymphogranuloma venereum.


PED

PED (countable and uncountable, plural PEDs)

(veterinary) Initialism of porcine epidemic diarrhoea.


gynecomastia

gynecomastia (countable and uncountable, plural gynecomastias)

gynecomastias (plural)
gynaecomastia (alternative)
gynæcomastia (alternative)
gynecomasty (alternative)
gynaecomasty (alternative)
gynæcomasty (alternative)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-gynecomastia.wav

/ˌɡaɪnɪkə(ʊ)ˈmæstɪə/

From Ancient Greek γυνή (gunḗ, “woman”) and μαστός (mastós, “breast”).

But probably the primary reason for gynecomastia in adult onset is drugs—and these are not illegal drugs.

2006, Merle J. Yost, Demystyifying Gynecomastia: Men with Breasts, →ISBN, page 24:

(American spelling, pathology) Excessive development of breasts in men, resembling the breast development in women.


struma

struma (countable and uncountable, plural strumas or strumae)

This was the healing ritual for the King's Evil, the name given to scrofula or struma, the tubercular inflammation of the lymph glands of the neck.

1971, Keith Thomas, Religion and the Decline of Magic, Folio Society, published 2012, page 186:

(pathology) A scrofulous swelling; a tumour or goitre.


luxate

en-verb

luxate (third-person singular simple present luxates, present participle luxating, simple past and past participle luxated)

luxates (present singular third-person)
luxating (participle present)
luxated (participle past)
luxated (past)

From Latin luxātus (“dislocated”) perfect passive participle of lū̆xō (“to dislocate”), see -ate (verb-forming suffix) for more.

If in cases of difficulty you have recourse to this means, luxate downwards as far as half the dorsopalmar diameter, and then vice versa.

1863, Stephen Smith, Hand-book of Surgical Operations, page 97:


nummular

en-adj

nummular (comparative more nummular, superlative most nummular)

more nummular (comparative)
most nummular (superlative)

From Latin nummulus (“(small amount of) money”) + English -ar (suffix forming adjectives with the sense ‘of, pertaining to, or near’). Nummulus is the diminutive of nummus (“a coin; piece of money”) + -ulus (diminutive suffix); while nummus is from Doric Greek νοῦμμος (noûmmos), from Ancient Greek νόμος (nómos, “kind of coin”), from νέμω (némō, “to deal out, dispense, distribute”) (from Proto-Indo-European *nem- (“to distribute; to give; to take”)) + -ος (-os, suffix forming nouns).

硬幣形的 /硬币形的

flattened with a rounded form; coin-shaped

(by extension) Flattened with a rounded form, as a disc; coin-shaped.

(pathology) Characterized by lesions (especially on the cornea or skin) which are round with well-defined borders.

nummulaire

characterized by lesions which are round with well-defined borders

NUMMULAR […] An epithet applied to the sputa in phthisis, when they flatten at the bottom of the vessel, like a piece of money.

[1839, Robley Dunglison, “NUMMULAR”, in Medical Lexicon. A New Dictionary of Medical Science, […], 2nd edition, Philadelphia, Pa.: Lea and Blanchard, successors to Carey and Co., →OCLC, page 421, column 2:

(pathology, obsolete) Of sputum: forming flat, round shapes (formerly thought to be a symptom of tuberculosis).


auxetic

en-adj

auxetic (comparative more auxetic, superlative most auxetic)

more auxetic (comparative)
most auxetic (superlative)

From Ancient Greek αὐξητικός (auxētikós, “growing, promoting growth, productive”).


atopic dermatitis

en-noun

atopic dermatitis (usually uncountable, plural atopic dermatitides)

(pathology) An atopic, hereditary, and non-contagious skin disease characterized by chronic inflammation of the skin.


duodenal ulcer

(pathology) A peptic ulcer located in the duodenum.

十二指腸潰瘍

じゅうにしちょうかいよう


gastric ulcer

(pathology) A peptic ulcer located in the stomach.


esophageal ulcer

esophageal ulcer (plural esophageal ulcers)

(pathology) A peptic ulcer located at esophagus.


nonunion

nonunion (countable and uncountable, plural nonunions)

the nonunion of the distal part of the humerus

(countable, pathology) The failure of a broken bone to heal


macropsia

macropsia (countable and uncountable, plural macropsias)

(pathology) A disorder in which objects appear much larger than normal, most often the result of a neurological dysfunction.


exophytic

(pathology) In pathology, pertaining to growth of a tumor outward.


hyperconnectivity

hyperconnectivity (countable and uncountable, plural hyperconnectivities)

(pathology) The state of the brain, in schizophrenia or epileptic seizure, in which an excessive number of connections are made between neurons.


umbilical hernia

umbilical hernia (plural umbilical hernias)

(pathology) A hernia at the site of the umbilicus (navel).


noma

From New Latin noma from Latin nomē from Ancient Greek νομή (nomḗ, “spreading (of sores)”) from νέμω (némō, “feed, devour, spread (of sores)”).

der

(pathology) A gangrenous disease leading to tissue destruction of the face, especially the mouth and cheek.


blister blight

(phytopathology) An infection of tea plants, caused by the fungus Exobasidium vexans, characterized by blister-like lesions on the leaves.

(phytopathology) A similar disease of some pines caused by Cronartium asclepiadeum.


lask

en-noun

lask (countable and uncountable, plural lasks)

Pannick ſtoppeth the laske as Millet doth, being boiled (as Plinie reporteth) in Goates milk and drunke twiſe in a day.

1597, John Gerarde [i.e., John Gerard], “Of Panick”, in The Herball or Generall Historie of Plantes. […], London: […] Edm[und] Bollifant, for Bonham and Iohn Norton, →OCLC, book I, page 79:

A graue & learned Miniſter, and an ordinary Preacher at Alcmar in Holland, was one day (as hee was walking in the fields for his recreation) ſuddenly taken with a laske or looſeneſſe, and therevpon compelled to retire to the next ditch; but being ſurpriſed at vnawares, by ſome Gentlewomen of his Pariſh wandering that way; was ſo abaſhed, that hee did neuer after ſhew his head in publike, or come into the Pulpit, but pined away with melancholy: […]

1624, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], “Shame and Disgrace, Causes”, in The Anatomy of Melancholy: […], 2nd edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC, partition 1, section 2, member 3, subsection 6, page 88:

The Emulſion or Decoction of the Seed ſtaieth Lasks and continual Fluxes, eaſeth the Chollick, and allayeth the troubleſom Humors in the Bowels, […]

1652, Nich[olas] Culpeper, “Hemp”, in The English Physitian: Or An Astrologo-physical Discourse of the Vulgar Herbs of This Nation. […], London: […] Peter Cole, […], →OCLC, page 64, column 1:

(uncountable, chiefly veterinary medicine) Originally of both persons and animals, now only of animals: looseness of the bowels; diarrhoea; (countable) a bout of this ailment.


esophageal cancer

esophageal cancer (plural esophageal cancers)

esophageal cancers (plural)
oesophageal cancer (alternative)

(pathology, US) (oncology) A malignancy in the esophagus.


Barrett's esophagus

Named after the Australian-born British thoracic surgeon Norman Barrett (1903–1979), who described it in 1950.

(US, pathology) An abnormal change (metaplasia) in the cells of the lower end of the esophagus thought to be caused by damage from chronic acid exposure, or reflux esophagitis.


gastroesophageal reflux

gastro-esophageal reflux (alternative)
gastro-œsophageal reflux (alternative)
gastro-oesophageal reflux (alternative)
gastrooesophageal reflux (alternative)
gastroœsophageal reflux (alternative)
GER (alternative)
GOR (alternative)
GŒR (alternative)
GOER (alternative)

gastroesophageal reflux disease
gastroesophageal reflux disease#English

(pathology) Ellipsis of gastroesophageal reflux disease (“chronic symptoms or mucosal damage produced by the abnormal reflux in the esophagus”).


hallucinosis

hallucinosis (countable and uncountable, plural hallucinoses)

(pathology) A mental state of hallucination.


plagiocephaly

plagiocephaly (countable and uncountable, plural plagiocephalies)

(pathology) A congenital condition where the skull suffers an oblique malformation.


parotitis

parotitis (countable and uncountable, plural parotitides)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek παρωτῖτις (parōtîtis, “(disease of the) parotid gland”), from παρωτίς (parōtís, “gland behind the ear”). By surface analysis, parot(id) + -itis.

lbor

I except the mumps, or parotitis, described below; which is properly an external gland, as its excretory duct opens into the air.

1794, Erasmus Darwin, Zoonomia; or the Laws of Organic Life:

Test Purpose 1) to diagnose acute pancreatitis, acute relapse of chronic pancreatitis, 2) to distinguish between acute pancreatitis and other causes of abdominal pain requiring immediate surgery, 3) to evaluate possible pancreatic injury caused by abdominal trauma or surgery, 4) to help in the diagnosis of epidemic and alcoholic parotitides.

2012, Vincent Marks, Differential Diagnosis by Laboratory Medicine:

(pathology) Inflammation of one or both parotid glands.

параты́т

inflammation of one or both parotid glands


parkinsonian

Parkinson's syndrome
Parkinson's syndrome

(neurology, pathology) Relating to, or appearing to be caused by, Parkinson's syndrome.


parkinsonian

parkinsonians (plural)
Parkinsonian (alternative)

(neurology, pathology) One who has Parkinson's syndrome.


hypokinesia

(pathology) Slowed or diminished movement of the body.


lipoma

(pathology) A nonmalignant tumor comprising fat cells.


Ewing's sarcoma

en-noun

Ewing's sarcoma (plural Ewing's sarcomas)

Ewing's sarcomas (plural)
Ewing sarcoma (alternative)

First described by James Ewing (1866–1943), American pathologist.

small-round-blue-cell tumor
small-round-blue-cell tumor

(pathology, oncology) A malignant small-round-blue-cell tumor that forms in bone or soft tissue.


osteomyelitis

osteomyelitis (usually uncountable, plural osteomyelitides or osteomyelites or osteomyelitises)

osteomyelitides (plural)
osteomyelites (plural)
osteomyelitises (plural)


synovitis

synovitis (countable and uncountable, plural synovitides)

(pathology) Inflammation of the synovium.


spondylolysis

pars interarticularis
pars interarticularis

(pathology) A defect or stress fracture of the pars interarticularis of the vertebral arch.


phantom pain

phantom pain (countable and uncountable, plural phantom pains)

(medicine, pathology) A sensation of pain coming from a part of the body that has been amputated, or in which the nerves have been destroyed.


NAIT

Abbreviation of neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia.

abbrev

(pathology) An abnormally low number of platelets in a newborn's blood, due to the mother's antibodies having been passed via the placenta and attacking the child's own platelets.


alloimmune

an alloimmune disorder

(pathology) Characterized by alloimmunity, which is immunity, obtained from a tissue graft from another person, against one's own cells.

isoimmune

same; in which the iso- prefix for refers to the same species (but another individual thereof)


NAITP

(pathology) Initialism of neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia: an abnormally low number of platelets in a newborn's blood, due to the mother's antibodies having been passed via the placenta and attacking the newborn's own platelets.


FMAITP

Abbreviation of feto-maternal alloimmune thrombocytopenia.

(pathology) A deficiency in the number of platelets in a fetus' blood, due to the mother's antibodies having been passed via the placenta and attacking the fetus' own platelets.


FMAIT

(pathology) The presence of an abnormally small number of platelets in a fetus' blood, due to the mother's antibodies having been passed via the placenta and attacking the platelets.


AIT

en-noun

AIT (countable and uncountable, plural AITs)

(pathology) Initialism of alloimmune thrombocytopenia: a too-low number of platelets in the blood, especially of a newborn or fetus, due to alloimmunity.


cholangiocarcinoma

cholangiocarcinoma (plural cholangiocarcinomas or cholangiocarcinomata)

cholangiocarcinomas (plural)
cholangiocarcinomata (plural)

Cholangiocarcinoma develops at a significantly younger age (between the ages of 30 and 50) in patients with PSC than in patients without PSC.

2007, Bruce A. Chabner, Thomas J. Lynch Jr., Dan L. Longo, Harrison's Manual of Oncology, McGraw Hill Professional, page 418:

2013, J. R. Bhardwaj (editor), Boyd's Textbook of Pathology, Volume 2: Systemic Pathology, 10th Edition, Wolter Kluwer Health, page 1043,
Cholangiocarcinomata arise from the bile ducts. The intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomata are considered here.

Cholangiocarcinoma (cholangiocellular carcinoma) is a primary malignant tumor arising from the bile duct and can be divided into intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas. Extrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas are further classified as either hilar or distal bile duct cholangiocarcinomas. Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma or peripheral cholangiocarcinoma is the second most common primary liver cancer following hepatocellular carcinoma. However, it represents only 10% of all cholangiocarcinomas.

2014, Joon-Il Choi, Byung Ihn Choi, “5: Other Malignant Tumors of the Liver”, in Byung Ihn Choi, editor, Radiology Illustrated: Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Radiology, Springer, page 171:

(pathology) Cancer of the bile ducts (e.g., common bile duct, cholangioles).


hepatocarcinogenesis

(pathology) Carcinogenesis in the liver.


rhabdomyosarcoma

rhabdomyosarcoma (plural rhabdomyosarcomas or rhabdomyosarcomata)

rhabdomyosarcomas (plural)
rhabdomyosarcomata (plural)

Some of these cases might be referred to the sarcomata and some to carcinomata, but that is impossible unless they could be rexëamined by a reliable pathologist, as was done by Eve, who examined a so-called medullary tumor from the kidney of an infant, which had been deposited in the museum of the Royal College of Surgeons, London, in Hunter's time, and discovered that it belonged to that rare group of tumors which have been variously designated as rhabdomyosarcoma or as myosarcoma striocellulare.

1887 July 7, H. Longstreet Taylor, “Primary malignant degeneration of the kidney in infancy”, in The American Journal of the Medical Sciences, page 469:

Rhabdomyosarcoma, the most common primary malignant orbital tumor of childhood, has been classified histologically as embryonal, differentiated, or alveolar.

1967, Arnold J. Kroll, “Fine-structural classification of orbital rhabdomyosarcoma”, in Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, volume 6, number 5, pages 531–543.:

(pathology) A cancerous tumor of skeletal muscle.


rhabdomyoma

rhabdomyoma (countable and uncountable, plural rhabdomyomas or rhabdomyomata)

rhabdomyomas (plural)
rhabdomyomata (plural)

After German Rhabdomyoma; equivalent to rhabdo- + myoma.

Rhabdomyoma is the most common of primary cardiac neoplasms found in infants and children. It is rare in adults. Fifty per cent of patients with rhabdomyoma also have tuberous sclerosis—a familial disease consisting of epilepsy, mental retardation, and adenoma sebaceum.

1977, J. Kent Trinkle, “Cardiac Neoplasms”, in James D. Hardy, editor, Rhoads Textbook of Surgery: Principles and Practice, 5th edition, volume 2, Philadelphia, Pa.: J. B. Lippincott Company, →ISBN, part 12 (The Heart, Arteries, Veins and Lymphatics), chapter 54 (The Heart), page 1660, column 1:

(pathology) A non-cancerous tumor of skeletal muscle.


leiomyosarcoma

leiomyosarcoma (plural leiomyosarcomas or leiomyosarcomata)

leiomyosarcomas (plural)
leiomyosarcomata (plural)

(pathology) A cancerous tumor of smooth muscle.


leiomyoma

leiomyoma (plural leiomyomas or leiomyomata)

leiomyomas (plural)
leiomyomata (plural)

(pathology) A non-cancerous tumor of smooth muscle


monkeypox

From monkey + pox; originally so named based on cases in monkeys, although the name was a misnomer because monkeys are less of a reservoir for the disease than other animals are. More at Wikipedia (mpox § Nomenclature).

monkey-pox (alternative)
monkey pox (alternative)

In a remote southwestern pocket of the Central African Republic, doctor Patrick Karume and his small team are on the jungle frontline to quarantine a rare outbreak of monkeypox.

2018 October 25, “On the frontline against monkeypox in Central African Republic”, in France 24, archived from the original on 2018-10-25:

Monkeypox is a rare viral pox-like disease from the smallpox family, only milder. It can be transmitted through respiratory droplets, contact with body fluids or contact with an infected animal or animal products.
The first human case of monkeypox was recorded in 1970 in the Democratic Republic of Congo. The United States saw a large outbreak among humans in 2003 after the virus spread from imported African rodents to pet prairie dogs. However, this is believed to be the first monkeypox virus infection in a Texas resident, according to Dallas County health officials.

2021 July 16, “Dallas resident returns from Nigeria with case of monkeypox”, in AP News, archived from the original on 2021-07-16:

Clusters of monkeypox cases have recently been identified in Britain and Portugal, while Spain is investigating suspected cases of the virus.

2022 May 20, Joseph Goldstein, “Officials Report a Possible Monkeypox Case in New York”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:


keratitis

keratitis (countable and uncountable, plural keratitises or keratitides)

keratitises (plural)
keratitides (plural)
ceratitis (alternative)

Probably borrowed from French kératite, from Ancient Greek κέρᾰτ- (kérăt-), κέρας (kéras, “horn”) + French -ite (“-itis”); see kerato-.


pericarditis

pericarditis (countable and uncountable, plural pericarditides or pericardites)

pericarditides (plural)
pericardites (plural)

(cardiology, pathology) Inflammation of the pericardium, the membrane that surrounds the heart.

اِلْتِهَاب التَّأْمُور

inflammation of the pericardium, the membrane that surrounds the heart


tenosynovitis

tenosynovitis (countable and uncountable, plural tenosynovitides or tenosynovites)

tenosynovitides (plural)
tenosynovites (plural)
tendosynovitis (alternative)

From tenosynovium + -itis or teno- + synovitis.

(pathology) An inflammation of the fluid-filled sheath (the synovium) that surrounds a tendon.


tendovaginitis

tendovaginitis (usually uncountable, plural tendovaginitides)

(pathology, dated) Synonym of tenosynovitis.


acidotic

en-adj

acidotic (comparative more acidotic, superlative most acidotic)

more acidotic (comparative)
most acidotic (superlative)

Acidotic animals go off their feed, pant and salivate excessively, paw and scratch their bellies, and eat dirt.

2006, Michael Pollan, The Omnivore's Dilemma, The Penguin Press, →ISBN, page 78:

(pathology) Having depressed alkalinity of blood or tissue.

acidotisch

having depressed alkalinity of blood or tissue


DT

en-noun

DT (countable and uncountable, plural DTs)

DTs (plural)
DT. (alternative)
Dt. (alternative)
Dt (alternative)
D/T (alternative)

She knew, because she had held him, that he suffered DT's. Behind the initials was a metaphor, a delirium tremens, a trembling unfurrowing of the mind's ploughshare.

1966 March, Thomas Pynchon, chapter 5, in The Crying of Lot 49, New York, N.Y.: Bantam Books, published November 1976, →ISBN, page 95:

delirium tremens
delirium tremens#English

(pathology) Initialism of delirium tremens.


glossitis

(pathology) An inflammatory condition of the tongue.


ankylose

en-verb

ankylose (third-person singular simple present ankyloses, present participle ankylosing, simple past and past participle ankylosed)

ankyloses (present singular third-person)
ankylosing (participle present)
ankylosed (participle past)
ankylosed (past)
anchylose (alternative)

Back-formation from ankylosis; compare diagnose.

(transitive, pathology) To cause bony structures to fuse or stiffen as a result of ankylosis.

anquilosar

to cause bony structures to fuse or stiffen as a result of ankylosis

(intransitive, pathology) To suffer from ankylosis.


granulomatous

en-adj

granulomatous (comparative more granulomatous, superlative most granulomatous)

more granulomatous (comparative)
most granulomatous (superlative)

(pathology) Of, pertaining to, or characterised by granulomata

granulomatózní

of, pertaining to, or characterized by granulomata


GN

en-noun

GN (countable and uncountable, plural GNs)

(pathology, uncountable) Initialism of glomerulonephritis.


LS

lateral sclerosis
lateral sclerosis#English

(pathology) Initialism of lateral sclerosis.


VN

VNs (plural)
V.N. (alternative)
V. N. (alternative)

But in addition, he adds to the tags of certain assistants the designation, “V.N.,” meaning veterinary nurse.

1963, American Veterinary Medical Association, Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, volume 143, page 179:

Veterinary nurse applicants wanting to work for the Society have to follow the VN course (see Chapter One for details).

1999, Victoria Pybus, Working with Animals: The UK, Europe and Worldwide:

Alison Young joined a small animal practice in 1998 as a student veterinary nurse and whilst there gained her VN qualification.

2006, British Small Animal Veterinary Association, BSAVA Congress 2006: Scientific Proceedings, page 20:

(veterinary, UK, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa) Initialism of veterinary nurse.


psychotomimesis

(pathology) The onset of psychotic symptoms following the administration of a drug.


acrocyanosis

acrocyanosis (countable and uncountable, plural acrocyanoses)

(pathology) A persistent blue or cyanotic discoloration of the digits, most commonly occurring in the hands although also occurring in the face and feet as well.


proctocolitis

(pathology) The inflammation of the rectum and colon.


sarcoid

(medicine, pathology) Relating to sarcoid (sarcoidosis).

(medicine, pathology, dated) Resembling sarcoma.


cryoanesthesia

(pathology) Insensibility resulting from cold.


syngnathia

(pathology) A congenital adhesion of the maxilla and mandible by fibrous bands.


ischemic

en-adj

ischemic (comparative more ischemic, superlative most ischemic)

more ischemic (comparative)
most ischemic (superlative)
ischaemic (alternative UK)
ischæmic (alternative obsolete)

Dr. Salazar was a fast talker, devoid of personality. Lolly's vitals had stabilised, she said. Her stroke was ischemic, caused by a clot rather than a rupture. She'd come in exhibiting classic symptoms: weakness on her left side, double vision, aphasia.
"What's aphasia?" I said.
"A disconnect between what the patient's trying to say and what's being communicated. For instance, Louella thinks to herself, I'm thirsty. I want more ice chips. But when she verbalises it, it comes out as gibberish."

2008, Wally Lamb, The Hour I First Believed, Ch.3, at p.59

(pathology) Characteristic of, or accompanied by, ischemia — localised anaemia due to mechanical obstruction of the blood supply, creating a local disturbance in blood circulation.

isquèmic

characteristic of, or accompanied by ischemia


anergy

en-noun

anergy (countable and uncountable, plural anergies)

From New Latin anergia, from Ancient Greek ἀν- (an-, “not, without”) + ἔργον (érgon, “work”).


coronary artery disease

(pathology, cardiology) Any disease caused by the accumulation of fatty deposits in the coronary arteries that supply blood to the myocardium.


atrial fibrillation

atrial fibrillation (countable and uncountable, plural atrial fibrillations)

The most common type of irregular heartbeat is atrial fibrillation or AFib. It is estimated that between three and six million people in the United States have AFib.

2024 February 13, “Understanding Your Heart Rate”, in Emory Healthcare:

(pathology) A cardiac arrhythmia (abnormal heart rhythm) that involves the two upper chambers (atria) of the heart.


PTB

Under the circumstances above narrated, we find that claimant's illness of PTB, which flared up or has activated as a result of the nature and condition of his work, is compensable under the law.

1968 January 1 [1964 July 30], [Felix] Bautista Angelo, quoting Workmen's Compensation Commission, “Peter Paul (Philippines) Corporation vs. Workmen's Compensation Commission, et al.”, in Official Gazette, volume 64, number 1, page 22:

Furthermore, a recent study [...] of BCG [Bacille Calmette Guérin vaccine] efficacy in children under 7 years of age who had lived in close contact with undiagnosed cases of PTB showed a protection rate of 70% against the disease within a 6 months follow-up period.

2001, Tsigeweini Asgedom Tessema, Improving Case-finding inTuberculosis Control by Antigen Detection, Clinical Scoring and Serology, University of Bergen, →ISBN, page 18:

We will perform subgroup analysis and meta-regression analysis based on [...] different types of PTBs[.]

2024 June 7, Guocan Yu, Xudong Xu, Yanqin Shen, Bifei Fang, “Diagnostic accuracy of nanopore sequencing for the rapid diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis: A protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis”, in PLOS ONE, volume 19, number 6, →DOI, →ISSN, page 5:

pulmonary tuberculosis
pulmonary tuberculosis#English

(pathology) Initialism of pulmonary tuberculosis.


fifth disease

Historically classified as the fifth of the classical childhood skin rashes or exanthems, after measles, scarlet fever, rubella, and Dukes' disease.

(pathology) The manifestation as rashes of an infection by erythrovirus.


myringomycosis

(pathology) A fungal infection of the eardrum (the tympanic membrane).


prostatitis

prostatitis (countable and uncountable, plural prostatitides or prostatites)

prostatitides (plural)
prostatites (plural)

(pathology) Inflammation of the prostate.


hyperferremia

(pathology) The medical condition of having too much iron in the blood.


MMA

MMA (countable and uncountable, plural MMAs)

mammalian meat allergy
mammalian meat allergy#English

(pathology) Initialism of mammalian meat allergy.


aphthous ulcer

(pathology) An ulcer in the mouth, caused by a break in the mucous membrane.

قُرْحَة فَمَوِيَّة

ulcer in the mouth caused by break in mucous membrane


aphthous stomatitis

(pathology) The condition of having aphthous ulcers.


scleralization

(pathology, optometry) An opacity of the cornea that progresses inwards from the periphery of the cornea towards its center.


EN

EN (countable and uncountable, plural ENs)

erythema nodosum
erythema nodosum#English

(pathology) Initialism of erythema nodosum.


cytopathy

(microbiology, pathology) The disease or deterioration of a cell, or of the structures contained within a cell.


ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency

ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency (uncountable)

(pathology) A rare genetic metabolic disorder of the urea cycle. Abbreviated as OTC.


post-nasal drip

post-nasal drip (countable and uncountable, plural post-nasal drips)

post-nasal drips (plural)
postnasal drip (alternative)

(medicine, otolaryngology, pathology) The accumulation in the throat or back of the nose of excessive mucus produced by the sinuses.


livor

livor (countable and uncountable, plural livors)

(pathology) Skin discoloration, as from a bruise, or occurring after death.


entry wound

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-entry wound.wav

(pathology, forensics) A wound caused by a bullet or other object as it enters the body, as contrasted with exit wound.


DSLD

suspensory ligament
suspensory ligament#English

(pathology, equestrianism) Initialism of degenerative suspensory ligament desmitis, an equine skeletal disorder characterized by a hyperabundance of a certain proteoglycan in equine connective tissue which causes degeneration and eventually death.

equine systemic proteoglycan accumulation


insulinopenic

(pathology) Relating to a form of diabetes mellitus that results from an inadequate secretion of insulin


chorionic villus sampling

chorionic villus sampling (countable and uncountable, plural chorionic villus samplings)

(obstetrics, pathology) A form or prenatal diagnosis in which part of the placental tissue is tested for genetic abnormalities.


demyelinate

en-verb

demyelinate (third-person singular simple present demyelinates, present participle demyelinating, simple past and past participle demyelinated)

demyelinates (present singular third-person)
demyelinating (participle present)
demyelinated (participle past)
demyelinated (past)

From de- + myelin + -ate (verb-forming suffix).

af

(pathology) To remove the myelin sheath from a nerve

demyelinoida

to remove the myelin sheath from a nerve


demyelinating

(pathology) That promotes, or undergoes demyelination


demineralization

en-noun

demineralization (countable and uncountable, plural demineralizations)

/dɪˌmɪnəɹəlaɪˈzeɪʃən/

(pathology) The loss of minerals, especially those of calcium, from bone.


macular degeneration

(pathology) A disease of the retina of the eye resulting in loss of central vision.

黃斑變性 /黄斑变性

disease of the retina of the eye resulting loss of central vision

exudative age-related macular degeneration

neurovascular age-related macular degeneration


MAI

(pathology) Initialism of Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infection.


adenopathy

adenopathy (countable and uncountable, plural adenopathies)

(pathology) Swelling or enlargement of the glands (especially the lymph nodes); any glandular disease.


chloracne

chloracne (usually uncountable, plural chloracnes)

From chlor- + acne, in reference to the greenish pus associated with the condition.

(pathology) A form of acne caused by exposure to halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons


balanitis

From balanus (“glans”) + -itis (“inflammatory disease”).

af

(pathology) Inflammation of the glans penis.


cluster headache

en-noun

cluster headache (plural cluster headaches)

So called because such headaches tend to occur together, i.e. in clusters.

(pathology) An extremely painful, cyclical and unilateral headache.


diverticulosis

diverticulosis (countable and uncountable, plural diverticuloses)

Unless the pouches are discovered in the course of an unrelated exam, like a colonoscopy, most people with diverticulosis don’t know they have it.

2019 October 28, Jane E. Brody, “Fiber in Fruits and Grains Protects Against Diverticulitis”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

(pathology) The condition of having diverticula, or small pouches, formed along the mucosa of the colon.


brachycephaly

brachycephaly (countable and uncountable, plural brachycephalies)

(pathology) A congenital condition wherein the skull is flattened front-to-back, so that the head is short and broad.


scaphocephaly

(pathology) A congenital condition wherein the skull is flattened side-to-side.


sore throat

sore throat (countable and uncountable, plural sore throats)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-sore throat.wav

Complains of a bad taste in his mouth ; there is some sore throat and difficulty of deglutition ; appetite very bad ; not very thirsty[…].

1846, C. H. J. Routh, “Hospital reports”, in Thomas Wakley, Henry Bennet, editors, The London Lancet, volume IV, page 78:

Some sore throat is a common symptom also in erysipelas of the scalp.

1879, Prosser James, Sore throat, its nature, varieties, and treatment', page 135:

I have a bit of sore throat.

2010, Kate Valery, “Prayer at the Bus Stop”, in Love Triangle: Anthology of Poetry and Short Stories, page 12:

(pathology, uncountable) The same, as a common symptom for many viral and bacterial infections.


raptus

From Latin raptus, from rapio (“seize”).


prostatic adenocarcinoma

prostatic adenocarcinoma (countable and uncountable, plural prostatic adenocarcinomas)

(oncology, pathology) Adenocarcinoma of the prostate gland, accounting for over 95% of prostate cancers.


PIV

PIV (countable and uncountable, plural PIVs)

(pathology) Abbreviation of parainfluenza virus.


candidiasis

candidiasis (countable and uncountable, plural candidiases)

(pathology) A fungal infection of any of the Candida (yeast) species.


allergic rhinitis

(pathology, immunology) A group of symptoms similar to those of a cold such as runny nose and sore throat, caused by an allergic reaction to an allergen such as dust, plant pollens or animal dander.


hematuria

hematuria (countable and uncountable, plural hematurias)

hematurias (plural)
haematuria (alternative)

(pathology) The presence of blood in the urine

بَوْل دَمَوِيّ m (bawl damawiyy, literally “bloody urine”)

بِيلَة دَمَوِيَّة f (bīla(t) damawiyya, literally “bloody urination”)

erythruria

red-tinged urine requires differential diagnosis of the internal source

urethrorrhagia

bleeding from an orifice requires differential diagnosis of the internal source


hyperbilirubinemia

hyperbilirubinemia (countable and uncountable, plural hyperbilirubinemias)

(pathology) An unusually large concentration of bilirubin in the blood.


Reye's syndrome

Reye's syndrome and Jamaican vomiting sickness are disorders of mitochondrial dysfunction, while MCAD is a defect in mitochondrial beta oxidation of fatty acids.

1997, Norman Gitlin, The Liver and Systemic Disease, page 277:

(pathology) A potentially fatal disease that causes numerous detrimental effects to many organs, especially the brain and liver.


microalbuminuria

(pathology) The chronic presence of a small excess of albumin in the urine


pneumonitis

pneumonitis (countable and uncountable, plural pneumonitides or pneumonites)

pneumonitides (plural)
pneumonites (plural)

From the post-Classical Latin pneumonitis.

(pathology) Inflammation of the tissue of the lungs.


tumorigenic

en-adj

tumorigenic (comparative more tumorigenic, superlative most tumorigenic)

more tumorigenic (comparative)
most tumorigenic (superlative)
tumourigenic (alternative)


normoglycemic

(pathology) Having the normal amount of glucose in the blood


etiopathogenetic

(pathology) Describing any factor that is the cause of the development of a disease


vaginalitis

(pathology) Vaginitis of the tunica vaginalis testis.


osteopetrosis

en-noun

osteopetrosis (countable and uncountable, plural osteopetroses)

From osteo- + Ancient Greek πέτρα (pétra, “rock”) + -osis.

af

(pathology) A rare hereditary disorder characterized by hard, dense bones.


nephromegaly

(pathology) The process whereby a kidney or both kidneys become enlarged.


lipemia

en-noun

lipemia (countable and uncountable, plural lipemias)

lipemias (plural)
lipaemia (alternative)

The absence of lipemia in the 28 cases undergoing treatment, although many of them were severe, is a striking fact, and probably to be accounted for by the partial or complete fasting.

1917, Elliott Proctor Joslin, The Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus, Lea & Febiger, page 102:

The studies cited above do not permit a decision as to whether the observed lipemias represent a direct action of estrogen or whether the effect is mediated through another organ.

1947, Oscar Riddle, Studies on Carbohydrate and Fat Metabolism, Carnegie Institution of Washington, page 111:

In patients with increased platelet aggregation, fat-loading produced a somewhat higher degree of lipemia than in the normal volunteers.

1982, G. Hornstra, Dietary Fats, Prostanoids and Arterial Thrombosis, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers (Wolters Kluwer), page 72:

It is important to note that Lipemia can also be seen as an artifact when a blood sample is collected from a pet that has just recently eaten. In general, a fast of 12 hours is recommended to eliminate postprandial lipemia. If lipemia persists greater than 12 hours, the patient should be evaluated for diseases that may produce altered fat metabolism.

2010, Andrew J. Rosenfeld, Sharon M. Dial, Clinical Pathology for the Veterinary Team, Wiley-Blackwell, page 158:

(medicine, pathology) An excess of lipids or lipoproteins in the blood.


night terror

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-night terror.wav

(pathology) A sleeping disorder, where sleep is interrupted by anxiety, panic or screaming.

The sleep data are analyzed to determine if there is a consistent pattern when the night terrors occur. The parent is instructed to wake the child 15 to 30 minutes before the night terror typically occurs.

2017, Marie Ardill, Ashley A. Houston, Constance J. Dalenberg, “Night Terror”, in Amy Wenzel, editor, The SAGE Encyclopedia of Abnormal and Clinical Psychology, SAGE Publications, →ISBN, page 2287:

(pathology) An interruption of sleep caused by anxiety, panic or screaming.


rubor

(pathology) redness, one of the main signs of inflammation


dystonia

dystonia (countable and uncountable, plural dystonias)

/dɪˈstəʊnɪə/

Borrowed from New Latin dystonia, from German Dystonie.

In one type of vocal dystonia called lingual protrusion dystonia, a person’s tongue can protrude when they try to speak, strangling their words.

2025 January 29, Sandee LaMotte, “A rare brain disorder robbed Robert F. Kennedy Jr. of his strong speaking voice”, in CNN:

(pathology) A disabling neurological disorder in which prolonged and repetitive contractions of muscles cause jerking, twisting movements and abnormal postures of the body.


triple negative breast cancer

triple negative breast cancer (countable and uncountable, plural triple negative breast cancers)

(medicine, pathology) A type of breast cancer, affecting African women more than white women, in which the three normal receptors are absent.


liposarcoma

liposarcoma (plural liposarcomas or liposarcomata)

liposarcomas (plural)
liposarcomata (plural)

(pathology) Any malignant tumour that originates in adipose tissue


hyperhidrosis

hyperhidrosis (countable and uncountable, plural hyperhidroses)

From international scientific vocabulary, from New Latin, from hyper- + hidrosis.

(pathology) A medical condition with the primary symptom of excessive sweating, in excess of that required for regulation of body temperature.


malacia

malacia (countable and uncountable, plural malacias)

From Latin malacia, from Ancient Greek μαλακία (malakía, “softness, sickness”).

der

As soon, namely, as a process of this sort sets in in a compound organ, as for example, a muscle, a palpable myo-malacia is certainly produced when all the muscular elements at a given point are at once affected; but it happens far more frequently that, in the course of a muscle, only a comparatively small number of primitive fasciculi are affected, whilst the others remain almost intact.

1860, Rudolf Ludwig Karl Virchow, Cellular Pathology as Based Upon Physiological and Pathological Histology, page 318:

(medicine, pathology) Abnormal softening of organs or tissues of the human body.


Spanish influenza

Named after Spain, which reported on the spread of disease as a neutral state while most other countries fighting World War I impose censorship, leading to a mistaken impression that it was concentrated in Spain.

Spanish Influenza (alternative)
Spanish flu (alternative)
Spanish Flu (alternative)

By systematic organization and effort we have been endeavoring to combat Spanish Influenza in Luzerne County, with its population of 350,000 souls.

1920, Oscar Jewell Harvey, The Spanish Influenza Pandemic of 1918, Pennsylvania: Wilkes-Barre, page 25:

(pathology) A form of influenza that spread to nearly every part of the world in a pandemic between 1918 and 1920, killing from 20 to 100 million people.


Spanish flu

In the wake of the devastation of the Spanish flu, the world came together to develop unprecedented scientific collaborations to take on future pandemics. In 1947, the WHO Interim Committee of the United Nations established a Global Influenza Programme to track the changes in the virus.

2018, World Health Organization, “Pandemic influenza: an evolving challenge”, in WHO official website:

Spanish influenza
Spanish influenza#English

(pathology) Alternative form of Spanish influenza.


rhinosinusitis

en-noun

rhinosinusitis (countable and uncountable, plural rhinosinusitises or rhinosinusitides)

rhinosinusitises (plural)
rhinosinusitides (plural)

(pathology) A rhinitis combined with sinusitis.


nasal congestion

(pathology) The blockage of the nasal passages usually due to membranes lining the nose becoming swollen from inflamed blood vessels.


nasal obstruction

nasal obstruction (plural nasal obstructions)

(pathology) An obstruction of the nasal cavity that reduces the flow of the air, regardless of the cause.


sleep disorder

(pathology) A medical disorder of the sleep patterns of a person or animal.


hypoparathyroidism

hypoparathyroidism (countable and uncountable, plural hypoparathyroidisms)

(pathology) deficiency of parathyroid hormone.


ganglion cyst

(pathology) A swelling on or around joints and tendons in the hand or foot.


anosognosia

anosognosia (countable and uncountable, plural anosognosias)

Anton-Babinski syndrome
Anton-Babinski syndrome

(pathology) Failure to be aware of a defect or deficit resulting from disability, due to brain injury (e.g. Anton-Babinski syndrome).


rabbit board

rabbit boards (plural)
Rabbit Board (alternative)
rabbit-board (alternative)

Rabbits are fastened upon rabbit-boards and anesthetized with a mixture of three parts of ether and one of alcohol.

1902, Harold Clarence Ernst, Animal Experimentation, page 97:

The laboratory should be supplied with chemical work tables and sinks ; a fume chamber; large water bath for 40 and 100 degrees C.; dog and rabbit boards; analytical balance; scales weighting 0.01 gm. to 20 gm.;[…].

1902, American Medical Association, The Journal of the American Medical Association, volume 39, page 544:

The animal is restrained on the rabbit board, with the level of the head slightly below the level of the heart, the neck region shaved with small animal clippers, and then palpated to locate the trachea.

1978, Peter W. Jones, Ralph Freudenthal, Carcinogenesis—A Comprehensive Survey, volume 3, page 349:

(veterinary medicine) A board on which a rabbit may be immobilised.


GORD

(pathology) Acronym of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease.


parasitemia

(pathology) The presence of parasites in the blood


ectopy

ectopy (countable and uncountable, plural ectopies)

From international scientific vocabulary, using New Latin combining forms: by surface analysis, ec- + -topy; equivalent to ectopia = ec- + -topia, "out of place".

(pathology) Abnormal position of an organ or other body part.


compression fracture

compression fracture (plural compression fractures)

(pathology) Any fracture of a bone (most often a load-bearing bone such as a vertebra) caused by compression


arteriosclerotic

en-adj

arteriosclerotic (comparative more arteriosclerotic, superlative most arteriosclerotic)

more arteriosclerotic (comparative)
most arteriosclerotic (superlative)

(pathology) Of, pertaining to, or caused by arteriosclerosis


footrot

en-noun

footrot (countable and uncountable, plural footrots)

footrots (plural)
foot rot (alternative)

(veterinary medicine) A hoof infection, infectious pododermatitis, that is commonly found in sheep, goat, and cattle.


leukorrhea

leukorrhea (countable and uncountable, plural leukorrheas)

leukorrheas (plural)
leukorrhoea (alternative)
leukorrhœa (alternative)
leucorrhea (alternative)
leucorrhoea (alternative)
leucorrhœa (alternative)

From Ancient Greek λευκός (leukós, “white”) + ῥοία (rhoía, “flow, flux”). By surface analysis, leuko- + -rrhea.

(pathology) Thick, whitish vaginal discharge.


dermoid cyst

(pathology) A type of teratoma or tumour, usually benign. It is in the form of a cyst or sac, and contains skin and sometimes hair, nails, teeth or other tissue.


enchondroma

enchondroma (plural enchondromas or enchondromata)

enchondromas (plural)
enchondromata (plural)

(medicine, pathology) A cartilage cyst found in the bone marrow.

enkondrooma

a cartilage cyst found in the bone marrow


arbovirus

(pathology, virology) Any virus that is transmitted by an arthropod.

arbovirus

any virus that is transmitted by an arthropod


tracheomalacia

Tracheomalacia usually presents in the 1st year of life: 60% by the age of 3 months.

2008, Jean-Michel Triglia, Rivhard Nicollas, Stephane Roman, “Chapter 27: Tracheomalacia in Children”, in John M. Graham, Glenis K. Scadding, Peter D. Bull, editors, Pediatric ENT, Springer, page 241:

2018, Marvin D. Atkins, Stephanie Fuller, Thoracic Surgery Considerations in the Child and Young Adult, Sharon Ben-Or (editor), Thoracic Surgery in the Special Care Patient: Thoracic Surgery Clinics, Volume 28, No. 1, Elsevier Health Sciences, page 48,
Currently the challenge remains that the diagnosis of tracheomalacia is largely subjective, determined by the bronchoscopist because there is no standard definition at this time.

Many children with tracheomalacia will not require intervention and will outgrow the symptoms by 1-2 years of age as the tracheal cartilage becomes more rigid [29, 34, 92].

2019, Lyndy J. Wilcox, Claire Miller, Michael J. Rutter, “36: Congenital Tracheal Anomalies”, in J. Scott McMurray, Matthew R. Hoffman, Maia N. Braden, editors, Multidisciplinary Management of Pediatric Voice and Swallowing Disorders, Springer, page 389:

(pathology) A condition in which the cartilaginous tissue in trachea is soft, such that the trachea partly collapses during respiration.


aristolochic

/əˌɹɪstəˈloʊkɪk/

(pathology) Caused by aristolochic acid.


hypopnea

hypopnea (countable and uncountable, plural hypopneas)

hypopneas (plural)
hypopnoea (alternative)
hypopnœa (alternative)

(pathology) A disorder which involves episodes of overly shallow breathing or an abnormally low respiratory rate


disbudding

disbudding (countable and uncountable, plural disbuddings)

(veterinary) In the raising of domesticated animals with horns, such as goats, sheep, and cows, the removal of the undeveloped horns from a young animal.


saburra

(pathology) Foul granular matter deposited in the alimentary canal by the decomposition of food


heat stroke

heat stroke (countable and uncountable, plural heat strokes)

heat strokes (plural)
heatstroke (alternative)

(pathology, countable or uncountable) An illness caused by overheating a person or animal beyond its body's capacity to regulate internal temperature.


brachydactyly

brachydactyly (countable and uncountable, plural brachydactylies)

(pathology) Abnormal shortness of the fingers or toes

brakidaktili

abnormal shortness of the fingers or toes


mucolipidosis

(pathology) Any of several inherited lysosomal storage diseases characterized by an accumulation of mucopolysaccharides and lipids in tissues


hypovolemia

hypovolemia (countable and uncountable, plural hypovolemias)

hypovolemias (plural)
hypovolaemia (alternative)
hypovolæmia (alternative)

(pathology) A state of decreased blood plasma volume.


otitis media

(pathology) An inflammation of the middle ear.


myringitis

(pathology) An inflammation of the eardrum.


splenomegaly

splenomegaly (countable and uncountable, plural splenomegalies)

(pathology) Enlargement of the spleen (process); an enlargement of the spleen (instance).


arteritis

arteritis (countable and uncountable, plural arteritides)

In July, 1819, M. Dalbant, of Grenoble, presented to the Faculty of Medicine, of Paris, a Thesis on Arteritis, containing five cases of inflammation of the arterial coats.

1820, “Memoir on Senile Rupture of the Heart”, in The London Medical Repository, Monthly Journal, and Review, volume 14, page 418:

Arteritis has been noticed in variola, especially in the hemorrhagic form of it, sometimes as early as in the period of eruption, at other times later, and, apart from the aorta, the coronary arteries are usually attacked.

1903, Henri Roger, Infectious diseases, page 454:

Bacterial endocarditis or injection of a foreign substance along with the drug cannot fully explain the radiographic and pathologic changes, since the arteritis has been documented after oral or intranasal amphetamine.

2011, E. Steve Roach, Pediatric Stroke and Cerebrovascular Disorders, page 146:

(pathology) The inflammation of arterial walls, often due to infection or an autoimmune response.


cor pulmonale

Borrowed from New Latin cor pulmōnāle (literally “pulmonary heart”).

bor+

(pathology) A change in structure and function of the right ventricle of the heart as a result of a respiratory disorder.

肺心病

change in heart structure due to respiratory disorder


rectal varicosity

en-noun

rectal varicosity (plural rectal varicosities)

(pathology) haemorrhoid (British), hemorrhoid (US)


PCOS

The chronic condition affects around 8% to 13% of women and girls of reproductive age worldwide, according to the World Health Organization, but as many as 70% could be experiencing PCOS while undiagnosed.

2024 January 31, Kristen Rogers, “Condition affecting at least 1 in 10 women linked with cognitive decline, study finds”, in CNN:

As many as one in 10 women have PCOS, a condition associated with hormonal disturbances that can range from weight gain, “unwanted” body hair and hair loss, to irregular periods and struggles to conceive children (including an increased risk of miscarriage).

2025 June 22, Charlie Brinkhurst-Cuff, “I was diagnosed with PCOS – and was soon drowning in misinformation”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:

polycystic ovary syndrome
polycystic ovary syndrome#English

(pathology) Initialism of polycystic ovary syndrome.


hepatosplenomegaly

hepatosplenomegaly (countable and uncountable, plural hepatosplenomegalies)

(medicine, pathology) Enlargement of both the liver and spleen.

hepatosplenomegalie

enlargement of both the liver and spleen