spavin

en-verb

spavin (third-person singular simple present spavins, present participle spavining, simple past and past participle spavined)

spavins (present singular third-person)
spavining (participle present)
spavined (participle past)
spavined (past)

Mr. Lythe had seen many horses which Mr. Field had passed as sound although they were spavined; and he does not recollect a single instance of lameness among them.

The witches that dance on the Brocken on Valpurgis Eve would be spoken of in a different spirit from the village hag who spavins the horse and curdles the milk.

1867, John Hill Burton, “Heathendom”, in The History of Scotland from Agricola’s Invasion to the Revolution of 1688, Edinburgh; London: William Blackwood and Sons, →OCLC, page 224:

And oh! Onesiphorus, the old brown mare / Is spavining for love, as also we; […]

1884 February 23, “Astray from San Rafael” [pseudonym], “Dudetic Leap Year”, in The Wasp, volume XII, number 8, San Francisco, Calif.: E[dward] C[reamor] Macfarlane & Co., →OCLC, stanza 4, page 11, column 1:

The plaintiff introduced evidence tending to prove that the horse was spavined, and that Kuntzman had warranted the soundness of the horse. The fourth exception on the part of the defendant and the plaintiff in error was to the rejection of the evidence that the horse was not spavined while in Weaver's stable, some two months after the sale.

1886, A[braham] C[lark] Freeman, “Kuntzman v. Weaver”, in The American Decisions […], volume LIX, San Francisco, Calif.: Bancroft-Whitney Co. […], →OCLC, page 740:

In order to obviate the straining, spavining, and weakness of back, to which horses are subject, caused by the effort of starting heavy cars, Mr. Henry P. Holt designed a tramcar starting gear, patented in May, 1879, […]

1894, D[aniel] Kinnear Clark, “Resistance to Traction on Tramways”, in Tramways: Their Construction and Working […], 2nd edition, London: Crosby Lockwood and Son […], →OCLC, page 402:

(farriery, veterinary medicine) To cause (a horse or its leg) to have spavin (noun sense 1.2).

aiheuttaa kinnerpatti

to cause (a horse or its leg) to have spavin


stasis

en-noun

stasis (usually uncountable, plural stases)

From New Latin stasis, from Ancient Greek στάσις (stásis). See the doublet stead.

(pathology) A slackening or arrest of the blood current, due not to a lessening of the heart’s beat, but to some abnormal resistance of the capillary walls.


uremia

uremia (countable and uncountable, plural uremias)

uremias (plural)
uraemia (alternative)
uræmia (alternative)

From Ancient Greek οὖρον (oûron, “urine”) + αἷμα (haîma, “blood”).

(pathology) Blood poisoning resulting from the retention of waste products usually excreted as urine.

urèmia

blood poisoning due to retention of waste products


yaws

Uncertain. Attested since the 1670s, perhaps from an English creole (or other language) of the Caribbean.

yous (some non-rhotic accents, especially with the pour–poor merger)

Other threats came from organisms co-evolving with humans, including tapeworms and such spirochaetes as Treponema, the agent of syphilis, and the similar skin infection, yaws.

1997, Roy Porter, The Greatest Benefit to Mankind, Folio Society, published 2016, page 16:

(pathology) A contagious tropical disease, caused by the spirochete Treponema pertenue, characterized by yellowish or reddish tumors, which often resemble berries.

puko

a contagious tropical disease caused by the spirochete Treponema pertenue


bleb

Possibly onomatopoeic, similarly to blob and blubber.

2008, Lin Her-Shyuan Lin, Adam C, Reynolds, 180: Filtering Blebs and Associated Problems, Frederick Hampton Roy, Frederick W. Fraunfelder, Frederick T. Fraunfelder (editors), Roy and Fraunfelder's Current Ocular Therapy, 6th Edition, page 340,
Inflammation and scarring is a shared mechanism for chemical irritants, cryotherapy, laser thermotherapy, and autologous blood injection in the treatment of bleb dysesthesia, overfiltering blebs, and bleb leaks.

2009, Anthony Wells, Tina Wong, Jonathan G. Crowston, 79: Tenon's Cyst Formation, Wound Healing, and Bleb Evaluation: Part A: Tenon's Cyst Formation and Management, Tarek M. Shaawary, Mark B. Sherwood, Roger A. Hitchings, Jonathan G. Drowston (editors), Glaucoma, Volume 2: Surgical Management, page 236,
If the leak allows bulk flow of aqueous, the rest of the bleb can collapse, allowing apposition of the inflamed inner bleb walls, which are likely to adhere. If such adherence is over most or all of the bleb area, bleb failure is probably inevitable.

Use of intraoperative antimetabolites is a risk factor for the development of a bleb leak.
The mechanism of a bleb leak is thought to be as follows. Ischemic blebs are stretched and surrounded by heavily scarred tissue, which limits the ability of the aqueous to flow beyond the scarred tissue. The bleb expands locally, producing a tractional hole when the tissue overreaches its maximal stretch.

2012, Gabriel Chong, Francisco Fantes, Paul F. Palmberg, “28: Late Complications of Glaucoma Surgery”, in Douglas J. Rhee, editor, Color Atlas and Synopsis of Clinical Ophthalmology, page 419:

(pathology) A large vesicle or bulla, usually containing a serous fluid.


diabetes

Tok Pisin: daiabitis

From Latin diabētēs (“siphon”), from Ancient Greek διαβήτης (diabḗtēs), from Ancient Greek διαβαίνω (diabaínō, “to pass through”).

der

In the UK, one in 10 people over 40 live with type 2 diabetes, while one in four have high blood pressure, a condition described as a “silent killer” because it increases the risk of heart attack and stroke but rarely causes symptoms beforehand.

2020 September 7, Ian Sample, The Guardian:

(pathology) Diabetes mellitus; any of a group of metabolic diseases whereby a person (or other animal) has high blood sugar due to an inability to produce, or inability to metabolize, sufficient quantities of the hormone insulin.

atsʼíístah áshįįh łikan nanitʼąʼ silį́į́ʼ


fixation

en-noun

fixation (countable and uncountable, plural fixations)

From Old French fixation. By surface analysis, fix + -ation.

fixació

a state of mind involving obsession with a particular person, idea or thing

(cytology, histology, pathology) preservation of biological tissues from decay due to autolysis or putrefaction.


incubation

incubation (countable and uncountable, plural incubations)

From Latin incubātiō, from incubō (“to lie on”).

1829, A Practical Synopsis of Cutaneous Diseases
The course of small-pox, whether distinct or confluent, may be divided into five stages, which are known under the names of incubation, invasion, eruption, suppuration, and desiccation. This division, founded on the most prominent symptoms that the disease presents, although it is an arbitrary one, still affords a facility in the study. The period of incubation comprises the interval of time that elapses from the infection to the beginning of the attack; its duration is from six to twenty days. It is not designated by any visible symptom, as the individual apparently continues in good health.

(pathology) The development of a disease from its causes, or the period of such development.

itäminen

development of a disease from its causes, or its period of incubation


infest

en-verb

infest (third-person singular simple present infests, present participle infesting, simple past and past participle infested)

infests (present singular third-person)
infesting (participle present)
infested (participle past)
infested (past)

From Middle English infesten, from Old French infester (“to infest”), from Latin īnfestō (“assail, molest”, verb), from īnfestus (“hostile”).

(pathology, of a parasite) To invade a host plant or animal.


inflammation

en-noun

inflammation (countable and uncountable, plural inflammations)

From Middle French inflammation, from Latin īnflammātiō.

(pathology) A condition of any part of the body, consisting of congestion of the blood vessels, with obstruction of the blood current, and growth of morbid tissue. It is manifested outwardly by redness and swelling, attended with heat and pain.


plaque

plaque (countable and uncountable, plural plaques)

Unadapted borrowing from French plaque (“plate, sheet (of metal); slab (of marble); bacteria on teeth”), from French plaquer, Middle French plaquer (“to plate”), from Middle Dutch placken (“to patch, beat metal into a thin plate”), from placke (“disk, patch, stain”), from Old Dutch *plagga (“patch”), from Proto-Germanic *plaggą (“patch”).
The word is cognate with Middle Low German placke, plagge (“small stain, scraps, rags, thin grass”), German Placken (“spot, patch”), Saterland Frisian plak, plakke (“a blow, slap”), Swedish plagg (“clothing, garment”). Compare plack.

plakki

(countable, pathology) A broad patch of abnormal tissue distinguishable from surrounding tissue, especially a broad papule (“inflamed, irritated patch”) on the skin.

läiskä

broad patch of abnormal tissue distinguishable from surrounding tissue, especially a broad papule on the skin

As we age, the major arteries of our bodies frequently become thickened with plaque, a fatty material with an oatmeal-like consistency that builds up along the inner lining of blood vessels. The reason plaque forms isn't entirely known, but it seems to be related to high levels of cholesterol inducing an inflammatory response, which can also attract and trap more cellular debris over time.

2013 July–August, Stephen P. Lownie, David M. Pelz, “Stents to Prevent Stroke: These Devices can Spring into Shape Automatically to Open Arteries Blocked with Plaque”, in American Scientist, New Haven, Conn.: Sigma Xi, the Scientific Research Society, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2017-05-29:

(countable, uncountable, pathology) An abnormal accumulation of material in or on an organ of the body, often associated with disease.

(countable, uncountable, pathology) An accumulation in artery walls made up of macrophage cells and debris containing lipids, (cholesterol and fatty acids), calcium, and connective tissue; an atheroma.

(uncountable, dentistry) An accumulation of biofilm, or bacteria, on teeth, which may develop into dental calculus (tartar).

пла̀ка

(countable, medicine) A deposit of beta-amyloid protein occurring in a nerve cell and associated with Alzheimer's disease.

amyloid plaque

apleural plaque

asenile plaque


rosette

Etymology tree
Proto-Iranian *wardahder.?
Ancient Greek ῥόδον (rhódon)bor.?
Latin rosalbor.
Old French rose
Latin -ittus
Old French -ete
Old French rosete
Middle French rosettebor.
Middle French rosette
French rosetteinflu.
English rosette
Borrowed from Middle French rosette (in sense 15) and (modern) French rosette.

розетка

architecture: element or ornament resembling a rose

розетка

imitation of a rose made of ribbon or other material


shabby

en-adj

shabby (comparative shabbier, superlative shabbiest)

shabbier (comparative)
shabbiest (superlative)

The adjective is derived from shab (“(obsolete except UK, dialectal) scaly skin disease; skin disease of sheep; crust forming over wound, scab”) + -y (suffix meaning ‘having the quality of’ forming adjectives).
The verb is derived from the adjective.
Cognates
* Dutch schabbig (“poor, needy, shabby”)
* Middle High German schebic (modern German schäbig (“shabby”))
* Middle Low German schabbich (“miserable”) (modern Low German schabbig, schäbbig)
* Scots shabby (“in poor health, ill”)
* Swedish sjabbig (“shabby, mangy, scruffy”), skabbig (“scabby”)

hääppöinen

poor in quality; showing little effort or talent

(often in the negative) Poor in quality; also, showing little effort or talent.

(UK, dialectal, veterinary medicine) Chiefly of sheep: affected by shab or scab (“a skin disease”); scabby.


splay

en-verb

splay (third-person singular simple present splays, present participle splaying, simple past and past participle splayed)

splays (present singular third-person)
splaying (participle present)
splayed (participle past)
splayed (past)

PIE word
 *dwís
The verb is derived from Middle English splaien, splayen (“to display; to spread out, unfurl (a flag, etc.); (cooking) to cut open (a fish) lengthwise and lay it open; (figurative) to appear; to spread”), an aphetic form of Middle English displaien, displayen (“to display”): see display.
The adjective and adverb are derived from the verb, or from splayfoot (noun) or splayfooted (adjective). The noun is derived from the verb.

harottaa

to spread out awkwardly — see also sprawl

(pathology) To dislocate (a body part such as a shoulder bone).


stagger

From Middle English stakeren, from Old Norse stakra (“to push, stagger”). Cognate with dialectal Danish stagre.

parasitic staggers

apoplectic or sleepy staggers

(veterinary medicine) A disease of horses and other animals, attended by reeling, unsteady gait or sudden falling.


sty

From Middle English styanye, mistaken as "sty on eye" yet composed of Old English stīġend (“sty”, literally “riser”), agent noun from stīgan (“to rise”) + Middle English yë (“eye”).

der

(pathology) An inflammation of the eyelid.


sunflower

From sun + flower. Compare English sunbloom.


moderate

en-adj

moderate (comparative more moderate, superlative most moderate)

more moderate (comparative)
most moderate (superlative)

From Middle English moderat(e) (“moderate, temperate”), borrowed from Latin moderātus, perfect active participle of moderor (“regulate, restrain, moderate”) (see -ate (adjective-forming suffix)), from moder-, modes-, a stem appearing also in modestus (“moderate, discreet, modest”), from modus (“measure”); see mode and modest. Doublet of moderato. Displaced native Old English ġemetlīċ (“moderate”) and metegian (“to moderate”). Cognate with French modéré.

inh

(pathology) more than mild, less than severe


amnesia

en-noun

amnesia (countable and uncountable, plural amnesias or amnesiæ)

From modified Latin amnesia, from Ancient Greek ἀμνησία (amnēsía, “forgetfulness”), a noun derivation from μιμνήσκω (mimnḗskō, “to remind, to remember”) prefixed with the alpha privative.

der

I lay around my Barnard dorm room listening to Nina Simone records and reading his first novel, “Forgetting Elena,” which takes place in a highly mythopoeticized version of Fire Island and nominally concerns a man with amnesia.

2009 October 4, Stacey D’Erasmo, “Glory Days”, in The New York Times:

They must have amnesia, they forgot that I'm him

2023, PLUMMCORP RECORDS, 0:33 from the start, in dracula flow 3:

(pathology) Loss of memory; forgetfulness.


conjunctivitis

en-noun

conjunctivitis (countable and uncountable, plural conjunctivitides or conjunctivitises or conjunctivites)

conjunctivitides (plural)
conjunctivitises (plural)
conjunctivites (plural)

(pathology) An inflammation of the conjunctiva, often due to infection.


desmoid

en-adj

desmoid (comparative more desmoid, superlative most desmoid)

more desmoid (comparative)
most desmoid (superlative)

From Ancient Greek δεσμός (desmós, “chain, bundle”) + -oid.

der

(pathology) Fibrous; having closely interwoven fibres in bundles.


black lung

Thousands of miners have given their lives and their health. They've got black lung, they can't work. The Pittston company is trying to cut off their health benefits by various means. That's what the strike is about.

1989 December 3, Pam Mitchell, Ronnie Gilbert, “Carrying On The Honorable Tradition Of 'Protest Music'”, in Gay Community News, volume 17, number 21, page 9:

(pathology) A chronic disease of the lungs caused by the long-term inhalation of coal dust.


pathogenic

en-adj

pathogenic (comparative more pathogenic, superlative most pathogenic)

more pathogenic (comparative)
most pathogenic (superlative)

/pæθəˈd͡ʒɛnɪk/

While the environment is teeming with bacteria and fungi, most are not pathogenic.

(pathology) Able to cause (harmful) disease.


priapism

en-noun

priapism (countable and uncountable, plural priapisms)

From Latin priapismus, from Priapus (“the god of procreation, the penis”) + -ism, from Ancient Greek πριαπισμός (priapismós).

(pathology) A potentially painful or harmful medical condition in which the erect penis does not return to its flaccid state (despite the absence of both physical and psychological stimulation), often as a result of a spinal injury.


ranula

Late Middle English, coined by French physician and surgeon Guy de Chauliac: borrowed from Latin rānula (“a little frog, a tadpole; a little swelling on the tongue of cattle”).

der

(pathology) A tumor or swelling located in the floor of the mouth under the tongue; specifically a bluish, domed mucocele which is associated with an obstruction of the sublingual salivary gland.


adenalgia

(obsolete, rare, pathology) Pain in a gland.


hyperkeratosis

(pathology) Excess keratin formation on the skin surface, as can be seen in a number of dermatologic conditions.

角化過度 /角化过度

excess keratin formation on the skin surface


parakeratosis

(pathology) Retention of nuclei in the stratum corneum layer of skin.

角化不全

retention of nuclei in the stratum corneum layer of skin


acanthosis

From acanth- + -osis (“diseased condition”).

The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles

Oxford University Press
w:Oxford University Press

(pathology) A benign abnormal thickening of the stratum spinosum, or prickle cell, layer of the epidermis.


spongiosis

(pathology) Intercellular edema of the epidermis.


Addison's disease

Named from Thomas Addison (1793-1860), M. D., of London, who first described it.

Nearly thirty years before the date of Addison's discovery, his eminent colleague, Dr. Bright, had observed and recorded, in his celebrated 'Reports of Medical Cases,' a case of Addison's disease.

1875, Edward Headlam Greenhow, Addison's Disease, Lindsay and Blackston, page 6:

(pathology) A disorder in which the adrenal glands fail to produce a sufficient quantity of steroids, causing hypocortisolemia and a resultant brownish discoloration of the skin.


appendicitis

en-noun

appendicitis (countable and uncountable, plural appendicitises or appendicitides or appendicites)

appendicitises (plural)
appendicitides (plural)
appendicites (plural)

(pathology) inflammation of the vermiform appendix


theism

Borrowing from New Latin thea (“tea”, noun) + English -ism.

"Theism" belongs to that genus of disease in which morphinism, caffeinism, and vanillaism belong.

1888, John C. Cutter, “Narcotics, stimulants, and depressants”, in Comprehensive anatomy, physiology, and hygiene : adapted for schools, academies, colleges, and families : with instruction on the effects of stimulants and narcotics, and brief directions for illustrative dissections of mammals, for elementary work with the microscope, for physiological demonstrations on the human body, and for the management of emergent cases, 3rd edition, Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott, →OCLC, page 350:

A single cup of tea may cause excitement and insomnia, while a stronger dose rarely fails to produce acute "theism," characterized by excitement, hyperaesthesia, palpitation, sweats, and frequent micturition; it may occasionally simulate delirium tremens, […]

1906 September 15, “Our breakfast beverages”, in The British Medical Journal, volume 2, London: British Medical Association, →ISSN, page 653:

A morbid condition resulting from excessive consumption of tea.


fungi

Borrowed from Latin fungī, from fungus + -ī (suffix forming the nominative or vocative plurals of most second-declension nouns ending in -us).

(pathology) Spongy, abnormal growth, as granulation tissue formed in a wound.


rabies

→ Cebuano: rabis

→ Malay: rabies

→ Indonesian: rabies

→ Norwegian: rabies

→ Swedish: rabies

→ Tagalog: rabis

Learned borrowing from Latin rabiēs (“rage, madness, fury”). Doublet of rage.

lbor

(pathology) An infectious disease caused by species of Lyssavirus that causes acute encephalitis in warm-blooded animals and people, characterised by abnormal behaviour such as biting, excitement, aggressiveness, and dementia, followed by paralysis and death.


encephalitis

en-noun

encephalitis (countable and uncountable, plural encephalitides)

sleeping sickness

human African trypanosomiasis, African lethargy, Congo trypanosomiasis


prosopagnosia

prosopagnosia (countable and uncountable, plural prosopagnosias)

prosopagnosias (plural)
prosopoagnosia (alternative)

/ˌpɹɒsəpaɡˈnəʊʒə/

/ˌpɹɒsəpaɡˈnəʊzɪə/

/ˌpɹɒsəpaɡˈnəʊsɪə/

/ˌpɹɑsoʊpæɡˈnoʊʒə/

Borrowed from German Prosopagnosie (see there for more). By surface analysis, prosop- + agnosia.

A normal person can name someone from facial features alone, even if the features have changed substantially over the years. People with prosopagnosia are not able to make this association, but have few other neurological symptoms other than a loss of some part of the visual field.

1984, Robert Axelrod, The Evolution of Cooperation, page 102:

(neurology, pathology, psychology) A form of visual agnosia characterized by difficulty with face recognition despite intact low-level visual processing.


anterograde amnesia

anterograde amnesia (plural anterograde amnesias)

(pathology) The inability to remember new information from the period beginning the amnesic episode.


retrograde amnesia

retrograde amnesia (countable and uncountable, plural retrograde amnesias)

(pathology) The loss of memories from the period leading up to the amnesic episode.


Korsakoff's syndrome

Named after Russian neuropsychiatrist Sergei Korsakoff (1854–1900) who discovered the syndrome during the late 19th century.

named-after

(pathology) A form of amnesia that is seen in chronic alcoholics coupled with nutritional deficits.


scrofulous

en-adj

scrofulous (comparative more scrofulous, superlative most scrofulous)

more scrofulous (comparative)
most scrofulous (superlative)

Borrowed from New Latin scrōfulōsus. Surface analysis: scrofula + -ous.

On the ſurface of the water there floats a liquid bitumen, although it be every day ſcummed off, as it doth on the lake Aſphaltites in Judæa: The Inhabitants uſe it as pitch: it is alſo found to be an excellent vulnerary, and good in curing old cacoethic and ſcrophulous ulcers.

1757, John Rutty, A Methodical Synopsis of Mineral Waters, Comprehending the Most Celebrated Medicinal Waters, both Cold and Hot, of Great-Britain, Ireland, France, Germany, and Italy, and several other Parts of the World, London: Printed for William Johnston, at the Golden Ball in St. Paul's Church-Yard, →OCLC, page 494:

The proſtate gland is ſometimes ſcrofulous. I have ſeen, in cutting into it, preciſely the ſame white curdly matter, which takes place in a ſcrofulous abſorbent gland. In ſqueezing it alſo, I have forced from out from its ducts a ſcrofulous pus.

1794 August, Matthew Baillie, “Art. VII. The Morbid Anatomy of Some of the Most Important Parts of the Human Body. By Matthew Baillie, M.D. F.R.S. Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians, and Physician of St. George’s Hospital. 8vo. pp. 314. 6s. Boards. Johnson. 1793. [book review]”, in The Monthly Review; or, Literary Journal, Enlarged, volume XIV, London: Printed for R[alph] Griffiths; and sold by T[homas] Becket, in Pall Mall, →OCLC, page 407:

(pathology, dated) Of, related to, or suffering from scrofula (form of tuberculosis tending to cause enlarged lymph nodes and skin inflammation).

risatautinen

of, related to, or suffering from scrofula


failure

en-noun

failure (countable and uncountable, plural failures)

From Anglo-Norman failer, from Old French faillir (“to fail”).

heart failure

congestive heart failure

liver failure

kidney failure

State or condition of not meeting a desirable or intended objective, opposite of success.

(pathology) A condition in which a specified organ does not function well enough to support life.

فَشَل

(pathology) condition in which a specified organ does not function well enough to support life


hypothermia

hypothermia (countable and uncountable, plural hypothermias)

hypothermias (plural)
hypothermy (alternative obsolete rare)

→ Japanese: ハイポサーミア

→ Turkish: hipotermiya

/ˌhaɪpəʊˈθɜː(ɹ)mi.ə/

From New Latin, from Ancient Greek ὑπο- (hupo-, “under”) + θέρμη (thérmē, “heat”) + -ία (-ía, “feminine suffix”) . By surface analysis, hypo- + -therm + -ia.

surf

Hypothermia is the systemic cold injury.

The stages of hypothermia begin when the body is losing heat faster than it can produce it.

2015 January 7, Ashley Fantz, “Cold casualty: What to know about hypothermia”, in CNN:

So far, extracorporeal temperature rise during COR had been limited to 20°C, as perfusion solutions had been used that were specifically designed for organ protection at hypothermia and might become inappropriate perfusates at increasing temperatures.

2017 September 4, Charlotte von Horn, Hideo A. Baba, Patrik Hannaert, Thierry Hauet, Henri Leuvenink, Andreas Paul, Thomas Minor, “Controlled oxygenated rewarming up to normothermia for pretransplant reconditioning of liver grafts”, in Clinical Transportation, volume 31, number 11, →DOI, page 2:

(pathology) Abnormally low body temperature; specifically, below 35 degrees Celsius for humans.


indolence

en-noun

indolence (usually uncountable, plural indolences)

Borrowed from Middle French indolence, or from its etymon Latin indolentia (“freedom from pain; insensibility”), from in- (prefix meaning ‘not’) + dolēns (“hurting, suffering; grieving, lamenting”) + -ia (suffix forming feminine abstract nouns). Dolēns is the present participle of doleō (“to hurt, suffer; to be sorry, deplore, grieve for, lament”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *delh₁- (“to divide, split”).


RSI

en-noun

RSI (countable and uncountable, plural RSIs)

repetitive strain injury
repetitive strain injury#English

(pathology) Initialism of repetitive strain injury.


dissect

en-verb

dissect (third-person singular simple present dissects, present participle dissecting, simple past and past participle dissected)

dissects (present singular third-person)
dissecting (participle present)
dissected (participle past)
dissected (past)

Borrowed from Latin dissectus past participle of dissecare (“to cut asunder, cut up”), from dis- (“asunder”) + secare (“to cut”); see section.

(transitive, pathology) Of an infection or foreign material, following the fascia separating muscles or other organs.


euthanasiate

That chemical methods of euthanasia (such as injectable euthanasiates such as barbituates) far outweighed all other methods used to perform euthanasia of laboratory animals.

1990, Gary Martinic, “euthanasia of laboratory animals”, in Animal Technology:

The Environmental Health Unit of Queensland Health has issued appropriately trained wildlife carers in two organisations with authority to hold and use a small selection of restricted (S4) veterinary drugs including: Pentabarbitone sodium (Valabarb, Lethabarb): a veterinary euthanasiate; Alfaxalone and Zoletil: anaesthetics; Diazepam (Pamlin): a sedative; Meloxicam: an antiinflammatory pain reliever.

2005, Jon Haner, Andrew Tribe, “Management of critically ill wildlife: the reality and practice of wildlife euthanasia”, in National Wildlife Rehabilitation Conference:

At all times the euthanasiates should be in a locked container/area when not in the possession of a veterinarian

2012, Australian Veternary Association, Indigenous Community Animal Health Program (ICAHP) Model and Guidelines:

(veterinary medicine) Any drug used to euthanize an animal.


euthanasiate

euthanasiate (third-person singular simple present euthanasiates, present participle euthanasiating, simple past and past participle euthanasiated)

euthanasiates (present singular third-person)
euthanasiating (participle present)
euthanasiated (participle past)
euthanasiated (past)

The dog was euthanasiated 40 days after the MRI examination because its convulsions had worsened.

2000, Hiroshi Koie, Ester Norie Kurotobi, Takeo Sakai, “Double-chambered right ventricle in a dog”, in Journal of Veterinary Medical Science, volume 6:

The experiment was carried out 240 days long, on Wistar rats, intraperitoneally injected once with aqueous asbestos suspension. In the end, animals were euthanasiated by prolonged narcosis.

2008, B. Sevastre, C. Cătoi, A.I. Marcus, “LESIONAL ASPECTS IN RAT EXPERIMENTAL ASBESTOSIS”, in Bulletin of University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania:

On a stork whit multiple fractures which was later euthanasiated, some anatomic and histology observation were made on the esophagus.

2009, V Rus, V Miclaus, GC Nadas, D Cadar, “STRUCTURAL PARTICULARITIES OF THE WHITE STORK (CICONIA CICONIA) ESOPHAGUS.”, in Annals of the Romanian Society for Cell Biology, volume 14, number 1:

(veterinary medicine) To kill in a humane manner.


metamorphosis

en-noun

metamorphosis (countable and uncountable, plural metamorphoses)

/ˌmɛtəˈmɔːfəsɪs/

/ˌmɛtəmɔːˈfəʊsɪs/

/ˌmɛtəˈmɔɹfəsɪs/

First attested in 1533, from Latin metamorphōsis, from Ancient Greek μεταμόρφωσις (metamórphōsis), from μετά (metá, “change”) + μορφή (morphḗ, “form”). Analyzable as meta- + -morph + -osis

der

μεταμόρφωσις

(pathology) A change, usually degenerative, in the structure of a specific body tissue.


hypoglycemia

en-noun

hypoglycemia (countable and uncountable, plural hypoglycemias)

hypoglycemias (plural)
hypoglycaemia (alternative)
hypoglycæmia (alternative)

From hypo- + glycemia or hypo- + glyc- + -emia.

(pathology) A too low level of blood glucose.

glycemia

polysemic; may be hypernym or coordinate term, depending on sense used


tonic

en-adj

tonic (comparative more tonic, superlative most tonic)

more tonic (comparative)
most tonic (superlative)
tonick (alternative obsolete)

From Ancient Greek τονικός (tonikós), from τόνος (tónos). 17th century writers believed health to be derived from firmly stretched muscles, thus tonic; the extension of tonic medicine appeared in the late 18th century. By surface analysis, ton(e) + -ic.

Out in front and across the street, Doc noted half a dozen or so young men, not loitering or doing substances but poised and tonic, as if waiting for some standing order to take effect.

2009, Thomas Pynchon, Inherent Vice, Vintage, published 2010, page 316:

(physics, pathology) Pertaining to tension, especially of muscles.


plague

en-noun

plague (countable and uncountable, plural plagues)

From Middle English plage, borrowed from Old French plage, from Latin plāga (“blow, wound”), from plangō (“to strike”). Cognate with Middle Dutch plāghe (> Dutch plaag), plāghen (> Dutch plagen); Middle Low German plāge; Middle High German plāge, pflāge (> German Plage); plāgen (> German plagen); Swedish plåga; French plaie, Occitan plaga. Doublet of plaga. Displaced native Old English wōl.

Great plagues, such as the bubonic plague or smallpox or syphilis or influenza, can happen again.

2006, Irwin W. Sherman, chapter 17, in The Power of Plagues, →ISBN:

(pathology) An epidemic or pandemic caused by any pestilence, but specifically by the above disease.

طَاعُون

an epidemic or pandemic caused by any pestilence


CV

CV (countable and uncountable, plural CVs)

CVs (plural)
C.V. (alternative)
C. V. (alternative)

Abbreviation
* (anime, Japanimation): From Japanese CV (CV), from English character+voice
* (aircraft carrier): Initialism of cruiser (“croiseur”) + French voler (“to fly”).

initialism

(pathology) Initialism of cytolytic vaginosis.


STD

en-noun

STD (countable and uncountable, plural STDs)

Some studies estimate that as many as one out of every two people might contract an STD at some point in their lives.

1999, Dr. Ruth's Pregnancy Guide for Couples: Love, Sex, and Medical Facts, →ISBN:

sexually transmitted disease
sexually transmitted disease#English

(pathology) Initialism of sexually transmitted disease.

MTS

sexually transmitted disease — see also sexually transmitted disease

SÜK

though attested, one normally speaks and writes out a full term


lockjaw

lockjaw (usually uncountable, plural lockjaws)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-lockjaw.wav

(pathology) A spasmodic, nervous system disease brought on by the tetanus bacteria, causing muscles to seize up and may cause death by suffocation.


efflorescence

efflorescence (countable and uncountable, plural efflorescences)

/ˌɛfləˈɹɛsəns/

Borrowed from French efflorescence, from Latin efflōrēscō (from ex- (“out”) + flōrēscō (“to blossom”)) + -ence. By surface analysis, effloresce + -ence.

(pathology) A redness, rash, or eruption on the skin.


psoriasis

psoriasis (countable and uncountable, plural psoriases)

From Late Latin psōriasis (“mange, scurvy, psoriasis”), from Koine Greek ψωρίασις (psōríasis), from Ancient Greek ψώρα (psṓra, “itch”) + -σις (-sis, “-sis: forming nouns of action & medical disorders”). Cognate with psora.

bor

He suffers from a skin complaint, psoriasis, which has rendered his hands scaly, hard and red.

2016, Ian McEwan, Nutshell, Vintage, page 11:

(pathology) A noncontagious disease whose main symptom is gray or silvery flaky patches on the skin which are red and inflamed underneath when scratched.


IBM

en-noun

IBM (countable and uncountable, plural IBMs)

inclusion body myositis
w:inclusion body myositis

(pathology) Initialism of inclusion body myositis.


wicket

From Anglo-Norman, Old Northern French wiket, from Old Norse (specifically, Old East Norse) víkjas, diminutive of vík. Compare modern French guichet, ultimately from the same Old Norse source.

(veterinary) A device to measure the height of animals, usually dogs.


blackleg

blackleg (countable and uncountable, plural blacklegs)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-blackleg.wav

(uncountable, agriculture, veterinary medicine) A fatal cattle disease caused by the soil-borne bacterium Clostridium chauvoei; symptomatic anthrax.


dichromatic

en-adj

dichromatic (comparative more dichromatic, superlative most dichromatic)

more dichromatic (comparative)
most dichromatic (superlative)

From di- + Ancient Greek χρῶμα (khrôma, “color”) + -ic.

(pathology) having a form of colorblindness in which only two of the three primary colors can be distinguished


mumps

Circa 1600, from mump (“grimace”, noun), compare mump (verb), most likely referring to the painful difficulty in swallowing.

At issue is the so-called MMR vaccine, which immunizes children against measles, mumps and rubella, three potentially deadly diseases that were once common and have been mostly wiped out.

2002 February 10, Sarah Lyall, “Britain Tries to Quell Fear Over Vaccine for Children”, in The New York Times, archived from the original on 2021-02-14:

(pathology) A contagious disease caused by the Mumps virus of the genus Rubulavirus, mostly occurring in childhood, which causes swelling of glands in the face and neck.

流行性耳下腺炎

りゅうこうせいじかせんえん


idiopathic

/ˌɪdioʊˈpæθɪk/

From idio- + -pathic. First appears c. 1669, in the publications of William Simpson.

So when I was diagnosed with a fairly difficult-to-treat disease called idiopathic angioedema and chronic urticaria (a fancy way of saying we don’t know why you swell and hey, enjoy the 24/7 hives) six months ago, I wasn't quite sure how to cope.

2014 January 20, Simona Supekar, “How the Internet Helped Me Cope With My Rare Disease”, in The Atlantic:

(pathology) Of, relating to, or designating a disease or condition having no known cause.

idiopàtic

diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis


obesity

en-noun

obesity (countable and uncountable, plural obesities)

From French obésité, from Latin obēsitās, from obēsus (“fat”). By surface analysis, obese + -ity.

While the majority of individuals with severe obesity are able to maintain eucapnia, a significant minority will develop obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS), characterized by alveolar hypoventilation (PaCO 2 > 45 mmHg) unexplained by other disorders.

2015 July 4, Vilma E. Ortiz, Jean Kwo, “Obesity: physiologic changes and implications for preoperative management”, in BMC Anesthesiology, volume 15, →DOI:


piles

Many women get piles when pregnant.

Who with thy leaves shall wipe (at need)
The place where swelling Piles do breed ...

1648, Robert Herrick, “Another”, in Hesperides:


CVS

CVS (countable and uncountable, plural CVSs)

chorionic villus sampling
chorionic villus sampling#English

(obstetrics, pathology) Initialism of chorionic villus sampling.


aura

aura (countable and uncountable, plural aurae or auræ or auras)

aurae (plural)
auræ (plural)
auras (plural)

Borrowed from Latin aura (“a breeze, a breath of air, the air”), from Ancient Greek αὔρα (aúra, “breeze, soft wind”), from ἀήρ (aḗr, “air”). Doublet of east, auster, air, and aria. The slang sense originated in the early 2020s and was popularized on TikTok around May 2024.

der

(pathology) A subjective sensation experienced at the onset of a neurological condition, especially a migraine headache or epileptic seizure.

aura

sensation experienced by some people with epilepsy before a seizure


catalepsy

catalepsies (plural)
catalepsis (alternative dated)

From Ancient Greek κατάληψις (katálēpsis, “act of seizing”), from καταλαμβάνω (katalambánō, “I seize”), from κατά (katá, “against”) + λαμβάνω (lambánō, “I take”). By surface analysis, cata- + -lepsy.

compound

"But they could not have been asleep!" cried Lord John. "Dash it all, Challenger, you don't mean to believe that those folk were asleep with their staring eyes and stiff limbs and that awful death grin on their faces!" "It can only have been the condition that is called catalepsy," said Challenger.

1913, Arthur Conan Doyle, “(please specify the page)”, in The Poison Belt […], London; New York, N.Y.: Hodder and Stoughton, →OCLC:

I was furious with Edgar Allan Poe for writing so accurately about this. His tales of catalepsy and live burial poisoned my childhood, and still killed me.

1976 September, Saul Bellow, Humboldt’s Gift, New York, N.Y.: Avon Books, →ISBN, page 190:

(pathology) A severe bodily condition, described in psychiatric pathology, marked by sudden rigidity, fixation of posture, and loss of contact with environmental conditions.


vegetation

en-noun

vegetation (countable and uncountable, plural vegetations)

/ˌvɛd͡ʒəˈteɪʃən/

Borrowed from Middle French végétation, from Medieval Latin vegetātiōnem.

(pathology, countable) An abnormal verrucous or fibrinous growth


palsy

palsy (countable and uncountable, plural palsies)

palsies (plural)
palsie (alternative obsolete)

From Middle English palesie, from Anglo-Norman paralisie, parleisie et al., from Latin paralysis, from Ancient Greek παράλυσις (parálusis, “palsy”), from παραλύω (paralúō, “to disable on one side”), from παρα- (para-, “beside”) + λύω (lúō, “loosen”). Doublet of paralysis.

der

The palsie plagues my pulses
when I prigg yoͬ: piggs or pullen
your culuers take, or matchles make
your Chanticleare or sullen

c. 1620,, anonymous, “Tom o’ Bedlam’s Song” in Giles Earle his Booke (British Museum, Additional MSS. 24, 665)

"Young lady, there is no hope; one side of the Duchesse is struck with palsy; she retains her senses, and will, most probably, to the last; but she cannot live through the night."

1834, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter VIII, in Francesca Carrara. […], volume II, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC, page 73:

"Ah! now we come to business! Barber, who's dead?"
 "Alderman Croten, sir."
"Tut-tut. Croten gone?"
"Yes, sir; palsy took him at a ripe age. And Abel's gone, the Town Crier;"

1891, Sir Arthur Quiller-Couch, chapter 1, in The Blue Pavilions:

Again we were stricken of our palsy, slowed down, re-accelerated, and there, at last, were the few huts of a hamlet, with the lorry, lying at an angle in the road's camber, outside a tea-shop.

(pathology) Complete or partial muscle paralysis of a body part, often accompanied by a loss of feeling and uncontrolled body movements such as shaking.

شَلَل

complete or partial muscle paralysis of a body part


farcical

(veterinary medicine, obsolete, rare) Pertaining to farcy.


acalculia

From a- (negative prefix) + Latin calculare (“to calculate”) + -ia (“pathological condition”).

affix

(pathology) The condition of lacking basic mathematical skills caused by a brain injury, or more specifically an injury to the parietal lobe.


Black Death

Following the Black Death in the mid-fourteenth century, and the weakening of Mongol rule, the closing of overland routes between Europe and Asia once again created a bottleneck that flowed through the Middle East, trade flows that were largely controlled by Venice and Egypt.

2013, Al Gore, “Earth Inc.”, in The Future: Six Drivers of Global Change, New York: Random House, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 18:

(pathology, historical) A pandemic outbreak of bubonic plague throughout Europe and most of Asia in the 14th century that killed nearly half the population of Europe and Asia.


asthma

en-noun

asthma (usually uncountable, plural asthmas or asthmata)

Australian Kriol: esma

→ Tamil: ஆஸ்துமா (āstumā)

Tok Pisin: asma

From Middle English asma, asme, from Medieval Latin asthma, asma, from Ancient Greek ἆσθμα (âsthma, “laborious breathing, asthma”). The spelling was changed to add -th- in the 16th century to match the Greek etymological roots.

der

...but rheumatism is a vulgar complaint, and would sink even a ducal coronet—the very lowest people have it. I question if there is a workhouse in Great Britain exempt from it. Neither is there one free from asthma, and yet all the world knows a royal duke suffers from it as much as a coalheaver might do;...

1842, [anonymous collaborator of Letitia Elizabeth Landon], chapter LV, in Lady Anne Granard; or, Keeping up Appearances. […], volume III, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 74:

"He kind of spat," said Piggy. "My auntie wouldn't let me blow on account of my asthma. He said you blew from down here." Piggy laid a hand on his jutting abdomen.

1954, William Golding, Lord of the Flies:

Mostly, the microbiome is beneficial. It helps with digestion and enables people to extract a lot more calories from their food than would otherwise be possible. Research over the past few years, however, has implicated it in diseases from atherosclerosis to asthma to autism.

2013 June 29, “A punch in the gut”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8842, pages 72–3:

(pathology) A long-term respiratory condition, in which the airways may unexpectedly and suddenly narrow, often in response to an allergen, cold air, exercise, or emotional stress. Symptoms include wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing.


acromegaly

/ˌækɹoʊˈmɛɡəli/

From French acromégalie, from New Latin acromegalia, from Ancient Greek ἄκρον (ákron, “tip, extremity”) and μέγας (mégas, “large”). By surface analysis, acro- + -megaly.

Tania is a fever, too—les voies urinaires, Café de la Liberté, Place des Vosges, bright neckties on the Boulevard Montpamasse, dark bathrooms, Porto Sec, Abdullah cigarettes, the adagio sonata Pathétique, aural amplificators, anecdotal seances, burnt sienna breasts, heavy garters, what time is it, golden pheasants stuffed with chestnuts, taffeta fingers, vaporish twilights turning to ilex, acromegaly, cancer and delirium, warm veils, poker chips, carpets of blood and soft thighs.

1934, Henry Miller, Tropic of Cancer, Grove Press, published 1961, page 5:

(pathology) A chronic disease marked by enlargement of the bones of the extremities, face, and jaw that is caused by over-activity of the pituitary gland.


leprosy

en-noun

leprosy (usually uncountable, plural leprosies)

From Norman leprosie, from Middle French leprosie (“leprosy & similar skin diseases”), probably from leprous (“leprous”) + -ie (“-y”) but possibly from Medieval Latin leprōsia (leprōsus + -ia) although this only historically attested in reference to leprosariums.
The shift of sense from psoriasis to Hansen's disease occurred in large part from the use of λέπρα (lépra) to translate Hebrew צרעת (“tzaraath”) in the Septuagint and its subsequent use in the New Testament and Late Latin.

der

Then is it surely a leprosy

The great London doctors knew nothing about leprosy and cared less.

1925, Frank Harris, My Life and Loves, volume III, page 183:

The new drug—diaminodiphenylsulphone... offers the first certain cure... and leprosy can be cured in six months

1954, Elspeth J. Huxley, Four Guineas, page 267:

Leprosy seems to have spread from India to the Middle East by early antiquity and from there to Europe during the time of the Roman Empire.

Mycobacterium leprae
Mycobacterium leprae#Translingual

(pathology, medicine) An infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium leprae, gradually producing nerve damage and patches of skin necrosis and historically handled by permanently quarantining its sufferers.


lethargy

en-noun

lethargy (countable and uncountable, plural lethargies)

From Middle English litargie, from Medieval Latin litargia, from Late Latin lēthārgia, borrowed from Ancient Greek ληθᾱργῐ́ᾱ (lēthārgĭ́ā, “drowsiness”), from λήθᾱργος (lḗthārgos, “forgetful, lethargic”) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-ĭ́ā, adjectival suffix).

af

This Apoplexie is (as I take it) a kind of Lethargie, a sleeping of the blood, a horson Tingling.

c. 1599, William Shakespeare, King Henry IV, Part 2:

So in order to avoid unpleasant side effects like lethargy and sexual dysfunction, most recent trials also gave men testosterone supplements.

2003 October 20, Amanda Ripley, “At Last, the Pill for Men”, in Time:

(pathology) A condition characterized by extreme fatigue or drowsiness, deep unresponsiveness, or prolonged sleep patterns.


lymphoma

en-noun

lymphoma (countable and uncountable, plural lymphomata or lymphomas)

From lymph, from Latin lympha (“water”) + -oma (“disease, morbidity”).

af

In the one sub-class, we have the Leukaemic Lymphoma, the Typhous Lymphoma, the Hyperplastic Lymphoma (ex. the simple hypertrophied tonsil), Lympho-sarcoma, Scrofulous Glands; and in the other sub-class, Tubercle of man, and Perlsucht or Parresyge, or Morbus Gallicus, the pearl distemper of ruminating animals.

1867, Reginald Southey, The Nature and Affinities of Tubercle: Being the Gulstonian Lectures for the Year 1867:

Common immunohistochemical markers of this lymphoma include CD2, CD56, CD3, and T-cell receptors. 7 Typically, the histology of these lymphomas are characterized by monomorphic inflammatory cellular infiltrates, which may be diffuse or show angiocentricity and angiodestruction as well as tissue destruction. 7 Lymphoid markers from the nasal mucosal biopsy from this patient were negative for CD56 and EBER.

2015, Brook McConnell, M. Sherif Said, Vijay R. Ramakrishnan, “Nasal septal perforation associated with pyoderma gangrenosum”, in Allergy & Rhinology, volume 6, →DOI:

(oncology, pathology) A malignant tumor that arises in the lymph nodes or in other lymphoid tissue.


narcolepsy

en-noun

narcolepsy (countable and uncountable, plural narcolepsies)

From French narcolepsie. By surface analysis, narco- + -lepsy, from Ancient Greek ναρκόω (narkóō, “put to sleep”) + λῆψις (lêpsis, “seizure”).

compound

Excitement-induced narcolepsy caused him to sleep through the most important events of his life.

(pathology) A disorder characterized by sudden and uncontrollable attacks of deep sleep, often brief, sometimes accompanied by paralysis and hallucinations.


necrosis

en-noun

necrosis (countable and uncountable, plural necroses)

From Ancient Greek νέκρωσις (nékrōsis), equivalent to necro- + -osis.

Usually gangrene will follow necrosis unless the dead tissue is resected.

These included multilobular consolidation with histiological lesions of bronchiolitis with epithelial necrosis and syncytia.

2015 November 17, “Single Pathogen Challenge with Agents of the Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

the interruption of blood supply
ischemia

(pathology) The localized death of cells or tissues through injury, disease, or the interruption of blood supply.


dysentery

dysentery (countable and uncountable, plural dysenteries)

From Middle English dissenterie, from Old French dissenterie, from Latin dysenteria, from Ancient Greek δυσεντερία (dusentería), from δυσ- (dus-, “bad”) + ἔντερα (éntera, “bowels”).

We ate, we drank, and we were merry / and we got typhoid and dysentery.

1959, “In Old Mexico”, Tom Lehrer (music):

(pathology) A disease characterised by inflammation of the intestines, especially the colon (large intestine), accompanied by pus (white blood cells) in the feces, fever, pain in the abdomen, high-volume diarrhea, and possible blood in the feces.


halitosis

halitosis (countable and uncountable, plural halitoses)

Coined by doctor Joseph William Howe in 1874 and described as being derived from the Latin hālitus (literally “whiff, breath”) and the Ancient Greek νόσος (nósos, literally “disease”). It can be also understood as combination of the Latin hālitus and the English suffix -osis.

der

Bad breath or halitosis is an indication of a disturbed digestive system. It is indicative of a bowel toxemia in either the small or large intestine with an overgrowth of bacteria or yeast.

2004, Dicken Weatherby, Signs and Symptoms Analysis from a Functional Perspective, Weatherby & Associates, LLC, →ISBN, page 115:

For example, the word halitosis was almost completely unknown among the general public until the early 20th century when a business owner named Gerard Lambert started using it to sell a new product called Listerine. By giving a mundane fact of life (bad breath) a scientific sounding label, Lambert elevated the authority and desirability of his product many times over.

[2018 June 13, Michael Schein, “Author Simon Sinek Is Full Of Hot Air (And Other Reasons You Should Follow His Lead)”, in Forbes:

(pathology) The condition of having stale or foul-smelling breath.

بَخَر

condition of having foul-smelling breath


melanoma

en-noun

melanoma (plural melanomas or melanomata)

(oncology, pathology) A dark-pigmented, usually malignant tumor arising from a melanocyte and occurring most commonly in the skin.

black cancer

see A Comprehensive Medical Dictionary citation from 1880

Melanome

see The Washington Post citation from 1904


osteoporosis

osteoporosis (countable and uncountable, plural osteoporoses)

/ˌɒstiəʊpəˈɹəʊsɪs/

From Ancient Greek ὀστέον (ostéon, “bone”) + Ancient Greek πώρωσις (pṓrōsis, “petrification, callousness”), from Ancient Greek πῶρος (pôros, “tuff, a porous type of rock”). By surface analysis, osteo- + pore + -osis.

surf

(pathology) A disease, occurring especially in women following menopause, in which the bones become extremely porous and are subject to fracture.


presbyopia

en-noun

presbyopia (usually uncountable, plural presbyopias)

From New Latin presbyōpia, from Ancient Greek πρέσβυς (présbus, “old man”), and New Latin -ōpia (“vision problem”), from Ancient Greek ὤψ (ṓps, “eye”). By surface analysis, presby- + -opia.

der

(pathology) Inability of the eye, due to ageing, to focus on nearby objects.

قُصُوُّ البَصَرِ الشَيْخُوخِيّ

inability of the eye, due to ageing, to focus on nearby objects


measles

Either from Middle Dutch masels (“blood blisters, measels”) or Middle Low German maselen (“red blemishes, measels”), both from Old High German masala (“blood blister, phlegmon”). Doublet of measlings. Cognate with mazer & mase and Middle Low German masele & māsel. Influenced in pronunciation and some senses by mesel (“leprous, leper”).

measle (alternative)
the measles (alternative)
measels (alternative)

Maybe it's the 'measles. They say they're going around the neighborhood.

1970, Maya Angelou, I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, page 78:

Olivia, my eldest daughter, caught measles when she was seven years old. As the illness took its usual course I can remember reading to her often in bed and not feeling particularly alarmed about it.

1986, Roald Dahl, Measles: A Dangerous Illness:

In the camps a case of measles is defined as a generalized rash of three or more days duration, with a fever of at least 38.8°C.., and any one of the following: cough, coryza or conjunctivitis.

1990, International Journal of Epidemiology, volume 19, page 1073:

Although the MMR vaccine was introduced in 1988, Britain offered separate measles injections until 1999.

2002 February 10, Sarah Lyall, “Britain Tries to Quell Fear Over Vaccine for Children”, in The New York Times, archived from the original on 2021-02-14:

(pathology) An acute and highly contagious disease which often afflicts children caused by the virus Measles morbillivirus and causing red rashes, fever, runny nose, coughing, and red eyes.

(pathology, obsolete) Any disease causing red rashes.

The Swyne dyed of the Measils.

Porcine measles, thought by classical writers to be leprosy, is actually the result of tapeworm cysts which cause ulcerations of the pig's tongue.

1992, Maguelonne Toussaint-Samat, translated by Anthea Bell, The History of Food, page 416:

(veterinary medicine) Synonym of cysticercosis: A disease of livestock or meat caused by the presence of tapeworm larvae.


bubo

Late Middle English, from Medieval Latin būbō, from Ancient Greek βουβών (boubṓn, “groin, swelling”).

If a Bubo or Carbuncle appear, set on Leeches not far from it, if it be in an ignoble part; ...

1661, Johann Jacob Wecker, Eighteen books of the secrets of art and nature: being the summe and substance of naturall philisophy ..., page 42:

(pathology) An inflamed swelling of a lymph node, especially in the armpit or groin, due to an infection such as bubonic plague, gonorrhea, tuberculosis, or syphilis.


migraine

en-noun

migraine (countable and uncountable, plural migraines)

1777 re-spelling (following French) of late 14th century Middle English megrim, from 13th century Old French migraigne, from Vulgar Latin pronunciation of Latin hemicrania (“pain in one half of the head”), from Ancient Greek ἡμικρανία (hēmikranía), from ἡμι- (hēmi-, “hemi-, half”) + κρανίον (kraníon, “skull”) (whence also cranium), a calque of Egyptian gs-tp (“headache”), from gs (“half”) + tp (“head”), although the link between the Egyptian magical papyri and the Greek ἡμικρανία (hēmikranía) could be purely incidental.
Cognate to megrim, hemicrania.

der

He had a headache so bad that he wished he was dead, but it was the sort of migraine that promised him he would continue to suffer but not die.

After consuming too much coffee every day for six weeks, she got severe migraines that would last up until 47 minutes after her first cup of coffee.

It was in 1976, during our first family holiday to Disneyland, California, that my family learned the difference between a headache and a migraine.

2006, Dian Caouette, Migraine Rewritten: A Journey from Debilitating Headache Pain to Regained Health, page 6:

A team of international researchers has recently identified the first—ever genetic link to common migraine (common migraine refers to migraine without aura, and it is the most common type of migraine that occurs).

2013, Susan Hutchinson, The Woman's Guide to Managing Migraine, page 18:

2013, Health Press Publishing, Natural Therapies and Prevention for Headaches and Migraines, unnumbered page,
Migraine headaches are fortunately suffered by a relatively small percentage of people, but for those who do suffer, migraines can literally take over their life.

(pathology) A severe, disabling headache, usually affecting only one side of the head, and often accompanied by nausea, vomiting, photophobia and visual disturbances.

skeelhoofpyn

headache usually affecting only one side of the head

Syncope is estimated to occur in bouts of headache in approximately 5% of adult patients with migraine.

1995, Robert A. Davidoff, Migraine: Manifestations, Pathogenesis, and Management, page 60:

Migraine is characterized by recurrent unilateral, often pulsating, headaches, worsened by physical activity and associated with nausea, photophobia and phonophobia.

2005, Michael H. Silber, “Chapter 28: Headaches and sleep disorders”, in Christian Guilleminault, editor, Clinical Neurophysiology of Sleep Disorders, page 337:

2006, Joshua W. Devine, Daily Migraine Prevention and Its Influence on Resource Utilization in the Military Health System, PhD Thesis, page 1,
Migraine is a common and disabling neurological disorder with substantial variation in the frequency, severity, and duration of headaches (Goadsby, Lipton, & Ferrari, 2002).

(pathology) A neurological condition characterised by such headaches.


stifle

The noun is derived from Middle English stifle (“joint between the femur and tibia of a quadruped”) [and other forms]; further etymology uncertain, probably derived from Anglo-Norman estive (“leg”), and Old French estive (“leg”) (compare Old French estival (“boot, shoe”)).
The verb is derived from the noun.

ref

From C[harles] J[ames] Korinek, A[lbie] W[illiam] Korinek (1915) “Diseases of the Horse: Cause, Symptoms and Treatment”, in Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry: Their Cause, Symptoms and Treatment, Portland, Or.: Korinek Remedy Company, →OCLC, page 10.

inh

(veterinary medicine) A bone disease of this region.


smallpox

en-noun

smallpox (usually uncountable, plural smallpoxes)

From small + pox, in contrast to greatpox (“syphilis”).

The Europeans brought new diseases such as smallpox, measles, dysentery, influenza, syphilis and leprosy.

We know that the most deadly of the early epidemics in America were those of the eruptive fevers—smallpox, measles, typhus, and so on. The first to arrive and the deadliest, said contemporaries, was smallpox.

1973, Alfred W. Crosby, The Columbian Exchange, Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, →ISBN, page 42:

Can't make it in today, Mr. Smithers; I have smallpox. Well it wasn't wiped out in my house!

1998 February 15, David X. Cohen, “Das Bus”, in The Simpsons, season 9, episode 14, spoken by Homer:

(pathology) An acute, highly infectious often fatal disease caused by Variola virus of the family Poxviridae. It was completely eradicated in the 1970s, but still exists in laboratories. Those who survived were left with pockmarks.


arteriosclerosis

arteriosclerosis (countable and uncountable, plural arterioscleroses)

/ɑːˌtɪəɹɪəʊskləˈrəʊsɪs/

(pathology) Hardening, narrowing or loss of elasticity in arteries or blood vessels.

arteriosklerozë

hardening, narrowing or loss of elasticity in arteries or blood vessel


glaucoma

glaucoma (countable and uncountable, plural glaucomas or glaucomata)

/ɡlɔːˈkəʊmə/

/ɡlɔːˈkoʊmə/

Borrowed from Ancient Greek γλαύκωμα (glaúkōma, “an opacity of the crystalline lens”), derived from γλαυκός (glaukós, “blue-green”).

bor

Professor Rosas, in his last work on Diseases of the Eye (Lehre von den Augenkrankheiten, Wien, 1834, p. 326), distinguishes three kinds of glaucoma, viz. glaucoma of the hyaloid, glaucoma of the retina, and glaucoma of the choroid. He makes no mention of lenticular glaucoma, which is much more common than any of the three which he particularizes. Indeed, vitreous, retinal, and choroidal glaucomata, are, to say the least of them, rare diseases.

1838, William Mackenzie, “Remarks on Lenticular Glaucoma”, in The London Medical Gazette; Being a Weekly Journal of Medicine and the Collateral Sciences, volume II, London: […] Longman, Orme, Brown, Green, & Longmans, […], page 105, column 2:

Nearly all of the so-called noncongestive glaucomata are of Types 1, 2, and 3.

1948 June, Edward J. Curran, “Advances in the Treatment of Glaucoma: The Joseph Schneider Foundation Eye Presentation”, in Postgraduate Medicine, volume III, number VI, page 409, column 2:

The term primary glaucoma designates that group of glaucomata, the cause of which is not yet known, in contrast to secondary glaucoma, which is due to some obvious cause.

1952, The West Indian Medical Journal, page 180:

The development of latent glaucomata is usually slow and chronic, following the rhythm of primary glaucomata.

1960, Premier Congrès de la Société Européenne d’Ophtalmologie, page 28:

Unfortunately, most of the older data are of limited value because the distinction between the various forms of glaucoma was often difficult and thus unreliable and because glaucomata are diseases of advanced age.

1962, Werner Kalow, “[Human Hereditary Defects With Altered Drug Response] Angle-Closure Glaucoma”, in Pharmacogenetics: Heredity and the Response to Drugs, Philadelphia, Pa., London: W. B. Saunders Company, →LCCN, page 193, column 2:

Oh, I got the glaucoma, real bad.

2013 January 15, Dave Andron, “Where's Waldo?”, in Justified, season 4, episode 2:

(pathology) An eye disease or disorder that is defined as a characteristic optic neuropathy, or disease of the optic nerve, possibly, if untreated, leading to damage of the optic disc of the eye and resultant visual field loss due to lack of communication between the retina and the brain, which can lead to blindness.


atherosclerosis

/ˌæθɚoʊskləˈɹoʊsəs/

Mostly, the microbiome is beneficial. It helps with digestion and enables people to extract a lot more calories from their food than would otherwise be possible. Research over the past few years, however, has implicated it in diseases from atherosclerosis to asthma to autism.

2013 June 29, “A punch in the gut”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8842, pages 72–3:

(pathology) The clogging or hardening of arteries or blood vessels caused by plaques (accumulations of fatty deposits, usually cholesterol).

تَصَلُّب عَصِيدِيّ

clogging or hardening of blood vessels caused by plaques


scorch

en-noun

scorch (countable and uncountable, plural scorches)

From Middle English scorchen, scorcnen (“to make dry; parch”), perhaps an alteration of earlier *scorpnen, from Old Norse skorpna (“to shrivel up”).

(phytopathology) Brown discoloration on the leaves of plants caused by heat, lack of water or by fungi.


floating

(veterinary medicine) A veterinary dental procedure involving the filing down of sharp surfaces on a horse's teeth.


erectile dysfunction

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-erectile dysfunction.wav

The observation that topical application of nitroglycerin to the penis may lead to erection adequate for sexual intercourse (Talley and Crawley 1985) has stimulated several investigations on the efficacy of this potential mode of treatment of erectile dysfunction.

1998, Alvaro Morales, editor, Erectile Dysfunction: Issues in Current Pharmacotherapy, CRC Press, →ISBN, page 107:

(medicine, pathology) The inability of a male to achieve or sustain an erection.


gross

en-adj

gross (comparative grosser or more gross, superlative grossest or most gross)

grosser (comparative)
more gross (comparative)
grossest (superlative)
most gross (superlative)

From Middle English gros (“large, thick, full-bodied; coarse, unrefined, simple”), from Old French gros, from Latin grossus (“big, fat, thick”, in Late Latin also “coarse, rough”), of uncertain further origin but perhaps related to Proto-Celtic *brassos (“great, violent”).

m+

gross anatomy

We are accustomed to look for the gross and immediate effect and to ignore all else. Unless this appears promptly and in such obvious form that it cannot be ignored, we deny the existence of hazard.

1962, Rachel Carson, chapter 12, in Silent Spring, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, page 190:

(sciences, pathology) Seen without a microscope (usually for a tissue or an organ); at a large scale; not detailed.


hamartia

en-noun

hamartia (usually uncountable, plural hamartias)

/ˌhæˌmɑɹˈtiː.ə/

/ˌhɑːˌmɑɹˈtiː.ə/

From Ancient Greek ἁμαρτία (hamartía, “tragic failure, sinful nature”), from the verb ἁμαρτάνω (hamartánō, “to miss the mark”).

der

(pathology) A focal malformation consisting of disorganized arrangement of tissue types.


diastema

en-noun

diastema (plural diastemas or diastemata)

From Late Latin, from Ancient Greek διάστημα (diástēma, “interval, space between”). Compare diastasis.

der

A gormless-looking boy, thin and exhibiting diastemata in the shop-front lights, offered him English newspapers.

(pathology) A gap or space between two adjacent teeth, especially the upper front incisors (in humans).

(pathology) Any abnormal space, fissure, or cleft in an organ or other part of the body.


heteroplasm

(pathology) Tissue growing in a part of the body where it does not normally occur.


heteroplastic

en-adj

heteroplastic (comparative more heteroplastic, superlative most heteroplastic)

more heteroplastic (comparative)
most heteroplastic (superlative)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-heteroplastic.wav

(pathology) Of, or relating to heteroplasm


-philia

From Ancient Greek φιλία (philía, “(fraternal) love”).

der

(pathology) Used to form nouns meaning abnormal liking or tendency (for something), e.g. paraphilia.

-fília

forming words denoting abnormal linking towards a given thing


neurosis

en-noun

neurosis (countable and uncountable, plural neuroses)

On inquiry it was found that this neurosis corresponded in time with the oncome of the catamenia.

1881, American journal of obstetrics and diseases of women and children: Volume 14:

In the period from Spinoza to the end of the 19th century, the reading of design into nature received such devastating attacks from naturalists to non-naturalists alike that there developed an epistemological neurosis which Von Baer aptly termed “teleophobia.”

1952, D. Maurice Allan, “Towards a Natural Teleology”, in The Journal of Philosophy, volume 49, number 13, →DOI:

(pathology) A mental disorder, less severe than psychosis, marked by anxiety or fear which differ from normal measures by their intensity, which disorder results from a failure to compromise or properly adjust during the developmental stages of life, between normal human instinctual impulses and the demands of human society.


granulocytopenia

(pathology) An abnormally low concentration of granulocytes in the blood, which reduces the body's resistance to many infections.


SBS

sick building syndrome
sick building syndrome#English

(pathology) Initialism of sick building syndrome, health effects experienced by building occupants that appear to be linked to time spent in a building.

shaken baby syndrome
shaken baby syndrome#English

(pathology) Initialism of shaken baby syndrome.

short bowel syndrome
short bowel syndrome#English

(pathology) Initialism of short bowel syndrome.


asthenozoospermia

Infertility was caused by fallopian tube dysfunction and/or male-related factors (a diagnosis of asthenozoospermia and/or asthenoteratozoospermia or azoospermia according to the WHO Laboratory Manual for the Examination and Processing of Human Semen).

2015 July 25, “Clinical Outcomes of In Vitro Fertilization among Chinese Infertile Couples Treated for Syphilis Infection”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(pathology) Condition in which a large proportion of spermatozoa produced in an ejaculate possess poor motility.


amniotic fluid embolism

amniotic fluid embolism (plural amniotic fluid embolisms)

(pathology) A complication of pregnancy characterized by movement of amniotic fluid past the placenta


fester

Inherited from Middle English festre, festur, borrowed from Old French festre (cognate with Italian fistola, Occitan fistola, Spanish fístula), from Latin fistula. The verb is derived from the noun, while the “condition of something that festers” noun sense is derived from the verb. Doublet of fistula.

The larger the Spider, the warmer the climate or season of the year, and the more susceptible the wounded individual, so much worse will the effects be; and it is no therefore no wonder that people who would have a fester from a simple prick with a needle, should feel more violent effects from the bite of a Spider.

1848, Samuel Maunder, “SPIDERS. (Arachnida.)”, in The Treasury of Natural History; or, A Popular Dictionary of Animated Nature: In which the Zoological Characteristics that Distinguish the Different Classes, Genera, and Species, are Combined with a Variety of Interesting Information Illustrative of the Habits, Instincts, and General Economy of the Animal Kingdom. To which are Added, a Syllabus of Practical Taxidermy, and a Glossarial Appendix. …, London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, Paternoster-Row, →OCLC, page 637, column 1:

While to the fingers and toes, which are frequently the seat of spontaneous festers, &c., irritation is kept up [if a hot poultice is applied], the skin is thickened, and rendered less liable to be permeated by matter; the heat is driven down the soft structures to the very bones and joints, and a portion of them may be lost in consequence.

1861, Benjamin Ridge, “Medical and Self Torture”, in Ourselves, Our Food, and Our Physic, London: Chapman and Hall, 193 Piccadilly, →OCLC, page 68:

He has been away so long and so often, there has been such mismanagement under a long minority, such changes and such misrule, such a hard hand and such a high hand, that the whole place is a fester.

1864 July, “The Rim. Part III.—Conclusion.”, in The Atlantic Monthly. A Magazine of Literature, Art, and Politcs, volume XIV, number LXXXI, Boston, Mass.: Ticknor and Fields, 135, Washington Street; London: Trübner and Company, →OCLC, page 68:

(pathology) A sore or an ulcer of the skin.


bloat

en-verb

bloat (third-person singular simple present bloats, present participle bloating, simple past and past participle bloated)

bloats (present singular third-person)
bloating (participle present)
bloated (participle past)
bloated (past)

Perhaps from Middle English blot, blout (“soft; flexible; pliable”), from Old Norse blautr (“soft”). Akin to Danish blød, Dutch bloot (“nude”) and German bloß (“nude”).

(intransitive, veterinary medicine) To get an overdistended rumen, talking of a ruminant.


bloat

en-noun

bloat (countable and uncountable, plural bloats)

(veterinary medicine) Pathological overdistention of rumen with gas in a ruminant.


asystole

(pathology, cardiology) An absence of a systole; a failure of the heart to contract.


FOB

FOB (countable and uncountable, plural FOBs)

FOBs (plural)
F.O.B. (alternative)
F. O. B. (alternative)
fob (alternative)

fecal occult blood
fecal occult blood#English

(pathology) Abbreviation of fecal occult blood.


USS

Upshaw-Schulman syndrome
Upshaw-Schulman syndrome#English

(pathology) Initialism of Upshaw-Schulman syndrome.


infection

infection (countable and uncountable, plural infections)

From Old French infection, from Late Latin īnfectiō.

(pathology) The act or process of infecting.


wilt

wilt (countable and uncountable, plural wilts)

Recorded since 1691, probably an alteration of welk, itself from Middle English welken, presumed from Middle Dutch (preserved in modern inchoative verwelken) or Middle Low German welken (“to wither”), cognate with Old High German irwelhen (“to become soft”).

cog

(phytopathology) Any of various plant diseases characterized by wilting.


yellow fever

The town up the road was overcome by yellow fever, he said. All travelers warned away.

2016, Colson Whitehead, The Underground Railroad, Fleet (2017), page 257:

(pathology) An acute febrile illness of tropical regions, caused by a flavivirus (Yellow fever virus) and spread by certain mosquitoes, characterised by jaundice, black vomit and the absence of urination.


rumination

en-noun

rumination (countable and uncountable, plural ruminations)

/ˌɹuːmɪˈneɪʃən/

From Latin rūminātio (“chewing the cud”); see ruminate.

(pathology) An eating disorder characterized by repetitive regurgitation of small amounts of food from the stomach.


ruptured membrane

ruptured membrane (plural ruptured membranes)

(pathology) During pregnancy, a premature rupture in which amniotic fluid is discharged from the uterus and vagina putting encumbent infant at risk for infection.


dystocia

dystocia (countable and uncountable, plural dystocias)

From Ancient Greek δυστοκία (dustokía, “difficult childbirth”), from δυσ- (dus-, “bad”) + τόκος (tókos, “childbirth”), from τίκτω (tíktō, “I give birth”).

uder

In macaques, baboons and chimpanzees, dystocia because of breech birth is the commonest category of fetal death.[…]Breech dystocia is rarely a problem for mother or neonates in small, multitocus species like marmosets and tamarins.

2005, James Mahoney, “Primate Management: Medical Care”, in Sonia Wolfe-Coote, editor, The Laboratory Primate, page 256:

Dystocia is defined as difficult delivery. Pelvic dystocia is due to aberrations of the pelvic architecture and its relationship to the presenting fetal part.[…]Fetal dystocia may be due to excessive fetal size from gestational diabetes or congenital anomalies.

2006, Richard Aghababian, Essentials of Emergency Medicine, page 480:

Although fetal dystocias are sometimes relieved by manipulation and instrumentation, cesarean sections are often the only practical methods of treatment.

2008, Dan Rice, The Complete Book of Dog Breeding, 2nd edition, page 96:

It is an appropriate way to allow resolution of the dystocia, after clearing the airway and checking for a nuchal cord.
The prevailing thinking is that the time window in which to resolve a shoulder dystocia before asphyxial insult (not injury) is about 4 minutes.

2009, James A. O′Leary, Shoulder Dystocia and Birth Injury: Prevention and Treatment, page 102:

(medicine, veterinary medicine) A slow or difficult labour or delivery.


chthonophagia

(pathology) A disease characterized by the impulsive consumption of dirt, observed in some parts of the southern United States as well as the West Indies.


cyanose

en-verb

cyanose (third-person singular simple present cyanoses, present participle cyanosing, simple past and past participle cyanosed)

cyanoses (present singular third-person)
cyanosing (participle present)
cyanosed (participle past)
cyanosed (past)

(pathology, ambitransitive) To turn blue due to cyanosis.


cyanosis

en-noun

cyanosis (countable and uncountable, plural cyanoses)

(pathology) A blue discolouration of the skin due to the circulation of blood low in oxygen.


chthonophagy

(pathology) Alternative form of chthonophagia.


diglossia

From Latin diglōssia. In linguistics introduced 1959 by Charles A. Ferguson, based on French diglossie, from Ancient Greek δίγλωσσος (díglōssos, “bilingual”) + -ία (-ía). Equivalent to di- + -glossia.

der

(pathology) The presence of a cleft or doubled tongue.


whooping cough

en-noun

whooping cough (countable and uncountable, plural whooping coughs)

whooping coughs (plural)
whooping-cough (alternative)
hooping-cough (alternative)

/ˈhuːpɪŋ ˌkɔːf/

/ˈwʊpɪŋ ˌkɔf/

From whooping + cough, from the characteristic-sounding cough that is a major symptom.

(pathology) A contagious disease of the respiratory system that usually affects children caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis, the advanced stage of which is characterised by spasms of coughing followed by a whooping sound during the intake of breath.

百日咳

ひゃくにちぜき, hyakunichizeki, ひゃくにちせき, hyakunichiseki


anemia

anemia (countable and uncountable, plural anemias or anemiae or anemiæ)

anemias (plural)
anemiae (plural)
anemiæ (plural)
anaemia (alternative UK)
anæmia (alternative UK rare)

→ Swahili: anemia

From Ancient Greek ἀναιμία (anaimía), from ἀν- (an-, “not”) + αἷμα (haîma, “blood”) + -ia; those roots are the basis of the English combining forms an- + -aemia/-emia.

(American spelling, uncountable, pathology) A medical condition in which the capacity of the blood to transport oxygen to the tissues is reduced, either because of too few red blood cells, or because of too little hemoglobin, resulting in pallor and fatigue.

anemi

medical condition with decreased oxygen transport

Pernicious anemia and sickle-cell anemia are two anemias.

(countable, pathology) A disease or condition that has anemia as a symptom.

貧血 /贫血

disease of condition with anemia as symptom


croup

From Scots croup, croop (“the croup”), from Scots croup, crowp, croop (“to croak, speak hoarsely, murmur, complain”), from Old Scots crowp, crope, croap (“to call loudly, croak”), alteration of rowp, roup, roip, rope (“to cry, cry hoarsely, roop”), from Middle English roupen, ropen, from Old English hrōpan (“to shout, proclaim; cry out, scream, howl”), from Proto-Germanic *hrōpaną (“to shout”), from Proto-Indo-European *ker-, *kor- (“to caw, crow”). More at roop.

der

(pathology) An infectious illness of the larynx, especially in young children, causing respiratory difficulty.


mononucleosis

en-noun

mononucleosis (usually uncountable, plural mononucleoses)

(pathology) A viral infection marked by extreme fatigue, high fever, and swollen lymph nodes.

伝染性単核球症

でんせんせいたんかくきゅうしょう


latent

From Middle English latent, latente, from Old French latent, from Latin latēns, present participle of lateō (“lie hidden”).

2008 July 2, Joe Palca, “Scientists Make Herpes Breakthrough”, abstract, All Things Considered, National Public Radio
Those infected with a herpes virus are infected for life. That’s because the virus goes "latent." Sometimes, it awakes from its slumber, producing painful illnesses.

(pathology, of a virus) Remaining in an inactive or hidden phase; dormant.


shingles

From Latin cingulus, variant of cingulum (“girdle”), translating Ancient Greek ζώνη (zṓnē), ζωστήρ (zōstḗr).

From the description, Letha felt sure Jane had herpes zoster, or shingles, which often strikes cancer patients or others with depressed immune systems. Jane spent another week in the Bubble, treated with acyclovir.

2005, Donald Hall, The Best Day the Worst Day: Life with Jane Kenyon, Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, →ISBN, page 98:

(pathology, informal) Herpes zoster, caused by Human herpes virus 3, in genus Varicellovirus.


herpes zoster

(pathology) An acute viral inflammation of the sensory ganglia of spinal and cranial nerves associated with a vesicular eruption and neuralgic pains, caused by reactivation of the Human herpes virus 3, in genus Varicellovirus, that also causes chicken pox as primoinfection.


varicose vein

(pathology) An abnormally swollen or dilated vein.


venereal disease

venereal disease (countable and uncountable, plural venereal diseases)

(pathology, dated or historical) Any of several contagious diseases, such as syphilis and gonorrhea, contracted through sexual intercourse.


cholera

cholera (countable and uncountable, plural choleras)

From Latin cholera (“bilious disease”), from Ancient Greek χολέρα (kholéra, “cholera”). Doublet of choler.

der

'This again,' said the Bacteriologist, slipping a glass slide under the microscope, 'is a preparation of the celebrated Bacillus of cholera - the cholera germ.'

At that time, the city [Christiania, now Oslo] was in the grip of a cholera epidemic, and victims were dying at the rate of 60 a day. Bradshaw contracted the disease, and died on September 6 [1853].

1950 January, “Notes and News: George Bradshaw's Grave”, in Railway Magazine, pages 61–62:

Vibrio cholerae
Vibrio cholerae#Translingual

(pathology) Any of several acute infectious diseases of humans and domestic animals, caused by certain strains of the Vibrio cholerae bacterium through ingestion of contaminated water or food, usually marked by severe gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting, and dehydration.


pulmonary tuberculosis

Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Mycobacterium tuberculosis#Translingual

(pathology) The most common form of active tuberculosis (TB) infecting the lungs, generally caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.


ulcer

From Old French ulcere, from Latin ulcus. Doublet of ulcus.

(pathology) An open sore of the skin, eyes or mucous membrane, often caused by an initial abrasion and generally maintained by an inflammation and/or an infection.


trichomoniasis

en-noun

trichomoniasis (usually uncountable, plural trichomoniases)

Similar changes occur later after the menopause that, if not ideal for colonization by T. vaginalis they are clearly not impossible, since both prepubertal and post-menopausal trichomoniases in females are well described.

2003, J. P. Ackers, “11: Trichomonads”, in Stephen Gillespie, Richard D. Pearson, editors, Principles and Practice of Clinical Parasitology, page 246:

Trichomoniasis is the most prevalent nonviral sexually transmitted infection in humans worldwide.

2006, Linh Khanh Vuong, “Chapter 17: Gynecologic Disorders”, in Richard A. Helms, David J. Quan, editors, Textbook of Therapeutics: Drug and Disease Management, page 391:

2009, Sarah L. Cudmore, Gary E. Garber, Chapter 74: Diagnosis and Treatment of Metronidazole-Resistant Trichomonas vaginalis Infection, Douglas Mayers (editor), Antimicrobial Drug Resistance, Volume 2: Clinical and Epidemiological Aspects, page 1092,
Trichomoniasis has long been considered a disease of women, but the disease can also cause significant morbidity in men.

sexually transmitted disease
sexually transmitted disease

(pathology) A common sexually transmitted disease caused by the parasite Trichomonas vaginalis and infecting the urinary tract or vagina.


angina pectoris

/ˈændʒɪnə ˈpɛktəˌɹɪs/

/ænˈdʒaɪnə ˈpɛktəˌɹɪs/

Learned borrowing from New Latin angina pectoris (1700s).

lbor

(cardiology, pathology) Intermittent crushing chest pain caused by reversible myocardial ischemia.


septicemia

en-noun

septicemia (countable and uncountable, plural septicemias)

septicemias (plural)
septicaemia (alternative)
septicæmia (alternative)

Borrowed from New Latin sēpticaemia, from Latin sēpticus + -aemia.

(medicine, pathology) A disease caused by the presence of pathogenic organisms, especially bacteria, or their toxins, in the bloodstream, characterized by chills and fever.

се́псис

disease caused by pathogens in the blood


asepsis

asepsis (usually uncountable, plural asepses)

(pathology) The state of being free from sepsis.

(pathology) The process of removing pathogenic organisms or protecting against such organisms.


atrophy

atrophy (countable and uncountable, plural atrophies)

Borrowed from French atrophie, from Latin atrophia, from Ancient Greek ἀτροφία (atrophía, “a wasting away”), from ἄτροφος (átrophos, “ill-fed, un-nourished”), from ἀ- (a-, “not”) + τροφή (trophḗ, “nourishment”), from τρέφω (tréphō, “I fatten”). Equivalent to a- + -trophy.

der

(pathology) A reduction in the functionality of an organ caused by disease, injury or lack of use.


urticaria

en-noun

urticaria (countable and uncountable, plural urticarias)

/ˌɜɹtɪˈkɛəɹi.ə/

/ˌɜːtɪˈkɛəɹi.ə/

Borrowed from New Latin urtīcāria, from Latin urtīca (“nettle”) + -āria.

"And the cramps when my body - like a badly articulated skeleton - would all get twisted into one rigid tangle! But now, except some dyspepsia and urticaria of the palms, I am free from pain."

1925 July – 1926 May, A[rthur] Conan Doyle, “(please specify the chapter number)”, in The Land of Mist (eBook no. 0601351h.html), Australia: Project Gutenberg Australia, published April 2019:

So when I was diagnosed with a fairly difficult-to-treat disease called idiopathic angioedema and chronic urticaria (a fancy way of saying we don’t know why you swell and hey, enjoy the 24/7 hives) six months ago, I wasn't quite sure how to cope.

2014 January 20, Simona Supekar, “How the Internet Helped Me Cope With My Rare Disease”, in The Atlantic:

(pathology) Itchy, swollen, red areas of the skin which can appear quickly in response to an allergen or other conditions.


pathogen

/ˈpæθəd͡ʒn̩/

In his first book since the 2008 essay collection Natural Acts: A Sidelong View of Science and Nature, David Quammen looks at the natural world from yet another angle: the search for the next human pandemic, what epidemiologists call “the next big one.” His quest leads him around the world to study a variety of suspect zoonoses—animal-hosted pathogens that infect humans.

2013 January 7, Katie L. Burke, “Ecological Dependency”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 1, archived from the original on 2017-02-09, page 64:

(pathology, immunology) An agent that can cause disease, especially an infectious microorganism, such as a bacterium, virus, protozoon or fungus.

sëmundjeshkaktues

any organism or substance that causes disease


ulcus

From Latin ulcus (“sore”). Doublet of ulcer.

He also likes the vapor-cauterization of Wesseli (100° C.), which does not produce an action at a distance. It also helps for deep scrophulous ulcera.

1916, Ophthalmology: Essays, Abstracts and Reviews, volume 12, page 150:

By the observations and experiments of numbers of clinicians and investigators it has become certain now that the central brain, particularly the hypothalamus, is of great importance for the origin of erosions and ulcera of the stomach.

1954, Jules Samuels, Endogenous Endocrinotherapy, Including the Causal Cure of Cancer: Compendium, Amsterdam: N.V. Cycloscoop, page 316:

V. E., ♀.born 1920 (File Nr. 27, 26 October to 8 January 1954). Gastrectomy in March 1953 because of multiple ulcera of the stomach.

1957, Experimental Medicine and Surgery, New York: Brooklyn Medical Press, page 163:

More than 80% of all ulcera of the stomach in humans can be found along the lesser curvature (Haftner, 1965; Kommerell & Reiferscheid, 1979) and HCI and pepsin are supposed to be related to the aetiology of the ulcera.

1988, Peter Langer, The Mammalian Herbivore Stomach: Comparative Anatomy, Function, and Evolution, Gustav Fischer Verlag, →ISBN, page 408:


dysuria

dysuria (countable and uncountable, plural dysurias)

A cystometrogram differentiates "active" and "passive" types of normal bladders, accounting for some instances of enuresis and mild forms of dysurias and, as prolonged bladder distention can be maintained at any point for any period, it is possible occasionally to use the cystometric procedure as a therapeutic agent to relieve dysurias due to a spastic bladder musculature.

1929, The American Journal of Syphilis, volume 13, page 390:

2009, Scott Kahan, Redonda Miller, Ellen G. Smith, Signs and Symptoms, 2nd Edition, Wolters Kluwer (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins), page 98,
Dysuria is a painful or burning sensation during or immediately after urination caused by irritation of the urothelium and its innervation. This is a common symptom in primary care: Nearly 20% of women aged 20–55 will have at least one episode of dysuria per year, resulting in more than 8 million physician office visits annually. Women have episodes of acute dysuria much more frequently than men.

Neurologic dysurias are among the most difficult to characterize and to treat.

2012, Richard B. Ford, Elisa Mazzaferro, Kirk & Bistner's Handbook of Veterinary Procedures and Emergency Treatment, Elsevier, page 426:

(pathology) The experience or condition of experiencing pain while discharging urine, or (rarely) of having difficulty doing so.


dyspnea

dyspnea (countable and uncountable, plural dyspneas)

dyspneas (plural)
dyspnoea (alternative)
dyspnœa (alternative)

Variant spelling of dyspnoea, a learned borrowing from Latin dyspnoea (“difficulty breathing”), from Ancient Greek δῠ́σπνοιᾰ (dŭ́spnoiă, “difficulty breathing, shortness of breath”), from δῠ́σπνοος (dŭ́spnoos, “short of breath, breathing with difficulty”, adjective) (also δῠ́σπνους (dŭ́spnous) by contraction) + -ῐᾰ (-ĭă, suffix forming abstract nouns). Δῠ́σπνοος (Dŭ́spnoos) is derived from δῠσ- (dŭs-, prefix meaning ‘bad; difficult, hard; unfortunate’) + πνέω (pnéō, “to blow; to breathe”) (from Proto-Indo-European *pnew- (“to breathe; to pant”)) + -ος (-os, suffix forming adjectives). The English word is analysable as dys- (prefix meaning ‘abnormal; difficult; disease’) + -pnea (suffix meaning ‘breathing, respiration’).

affix

also <i class="Polyt mention" lang="grc">δῠ́σπνους</i> (dŭ́spnous) by contraction

confix

In a Diſpnœa, the breath is thick, vvithout noiſe or anhelation, and vvith leſs trouble.

1655, Lazarus Riverius [i.e., Lazare Rivière], “Of Asthma, or Difficulty of Breathing”, in Nicholas Culpeper, Abdiah Cole, and William Rowland, transl., The Practice of Physick, […], London: […] Peter Cole, […], →OCLC, 7th book (Of the Diseases of the Breast), page 148:

During August the tumor again grew rapidly, causing dyspnœa, constipation and general malaise.

1888, R[euben] Ludlam, “Lecture LIX. Ovariotomy.”, in Medical and Surgical Lectures on the Diseases of Women, a Clinical and Systematic Treatise. […], 6th edition, Chicago, Ill.: Halsey Brothers, →OCLC, page 962:

(pathology) Difficult or laboured breathing.


pernicious anemia

en-noun

pernicious anemia (countable and uncountable, plural pernicious anemias)

pernicious anemias (plural)
pernicious anaemia (alternative)
pernicious anæmia (alternative)

(pathology) A severe form of anemia caused by vitamin B₁₂ insufficiency.


exsanguination

exsanguination (countable and uncountable, plural exsanguinations)

(pathology) Excessive loss of blood due to hemorrhage.

кровопотеря

excessive loss of blood due to hemorrhage


typhoid fever

typhoid fever (countable and uncountable, plural typhoid fevers)

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The great French microbiologist Louis Pasteur [...] lost three of his five children to typhoid fever.

2019, Bill Bryson, The Body: A Guide for Occupants, Black Swan (2020), page 377:

(pathology) An illness caused by the bacterium serovar Salmonella Typhi. Not to be confused with typhus.


typhus

typhus (usually uncountable, plural typhuses)

From New Latin typhus, from Ancient Greek τῦφος (tûphos, “fever, stupor”), from τύφω (túphō, “to smoke”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ-, extended form of *dʰew- (“scatter like dust”).

der

Typhoid and typhus have similar names and symptoms, but are different diseases.

(pathology) Any of several similar diseases, characterised by high recurrent fever, caused by Rickettsia bacteria. Not to be confused with typhoid fever.


infantilism

en-noun

infantilism (usually uncountable, plural infantilisms)

A craniopharyngioma may produce infantilism.

(pathology) An appearance like (that of) an infant.


furuncle

/ˈfjʊɹˌʌŋ.kəl/

Late Middle English, borrowed from Latin fūrunculus (“a petty thief, pilferer; a pointed burning sore, boil”), diminutive of fūr (“a thief”).

der

(pathology) A boil or infected, inflamed, pus-filled sore.


AFB

en-noun

AFB (countable and uncountable, plural AFBs)

American foulbrood
American foulbrood#English

(pathology) Initialism of American foulbrood.


syndrome

Learned borrowing from New Latin syndrome, from Ancient Greek συνδρομή (sundromḗ, “concurrence of symptoms, concourse”), from σύνδρομος (súndromos, “running together”), from συν- (sun-, “with”) + δρόμος (drómos, “running, course”).

der

porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome

sudden unexplained nocturnal death syndrome

Yemenite deaf-blind hypopigmentation syndrome

Down syndrome; acquired immune deficiency syndrome; restless-leg syndrome; battered-wife syndrome

A “zone of rarity” emerges when symptoms cluster neatly into syndromes and interforms are uncommon, although not altogether absent. Fuzzy boundaries and interforms are a special problem for PTSD […]

2004, Gerald Rosen, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Issues and Controversies, page 127:

Bats host many high-profile viruses that can infect humans, including severe acute respiratory syndrome and Ebola. A recent study explored the ecological variables that may contribute to bats’ propensity to harbor such zoonotic diseases by comparing them with another order of common reservoir hosts: rodents.

2013 May-June, Katie L. Burke, “In the News”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 3, page 193:

(pathology) A recognizable pattern of signs, symptoms and/or behaviours, especially of a disease or medical or psychological condition.

مُتَلَازِمَة

recognizable pattern of symptoms or behaviours


crib death

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(pathology, US) The unexplained death of a baby usually while sleeping.

mort sobtada

the unexplained death of a baby usually while sleeping


cot death

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(pathology, British) The unexplained death of a baby, usually while sleeping.


parosmia

en-noun

parosmia (countable and uncountable, plural parosmias)

From para- (prefix meaning ‘abnormal’) + -osmia (suffix denoting diseases connected to smelling).

affix

Parosmis, from παρα, "male [Latin: ‘badly; wrongly’]," and ὄζω, "oleo, olfacio;" analogously with paracusis and paropsis, and hence preferred to parosmia. The common term among nosologists is anosmia, but this only includes one species of the genus, namely, privation or destitution of smell; which, in fact, is the only one that has hitherto been introduced into nosological systems.

1817, John Mason Good, “Gen[us] III. Parosmis.”, in A Physiological System of Nosology; […], London: […] Bensley and Son, […], for E. Cox and Son, […], →OCLC, page 320:

The smell, too, is often perverted—Parosmia. The author was formerly acquainted with a lady, who scented her snuff with the tincture of assafœtida.

1842, Robley Dunglison, “Of the Neuroses”, in The Practice of Medicine; or, A Treatise on Special Pathology and Therapeutics. […], volume II, Philadelphia, Pa.: Lea and Blanchard, →OCLC, book VI (Diseases of the Nervous System), page 280:

Smell disturbances occur quite frequently after head injuries. They consist in unilateral or bilateral hypnosmia or anosmia which may be bound with spontaneous parosmias.

1949 July, F. C. Sumner, “[Part III.—Bibliography and Epitome.] Smell and Taste Disturbances after Head Injuries.”, in G. W. T. H. Fleming, editor, The Journal of Mental Science: The British Journal of Psychiatry, volume XCV, number 400, London: J[ohn] & A[ugustus] Churchill, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 767:

Parosmia has been reported by a number of patients with head trauma. In some cases, parosmia is a sign of nerve regeneration and the return (at least partially) of the sense of smell. In other cases, parosmia can be severe, persistent, and intrusive.

1996, “Smell Disorders”, in M. Eric Gershwin, Gary A. Incaudo, editors, Diseases of the Sinuses: A Comprehensive Textbook of Diagnosis and Treatment, Totowa, N.J.: Humana Press, →ISBN, part III (Clinical Disease), page 438, column 1:

Parosmias tend to decrease to a bearable level after approximately one year. However, recent work revealed that more than 50% of the parosmias are still present after two years. Over time, parosmia seems to lose its devastating effect on quality of life.

2005, B. N. Landis, T. Hummell, J.-S. Lacroix, “Basic and Clinical Aspects of Olfaction”, in J. D. Pickard, editor, Advances and Technical Standards in Neurosurgery, volume 30, Vienna: SpringerWienNewYork, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 88:

In June 2021, a study found that of 1,299 people suffering with long-Covid, that 10.8 percent or 140 of them were suffering with change in their sense of smell. Also known as parosmia, change in your sense of smell can affect everyone differen[tly].

2022 January 15, Christopher Sharp, “Covid symptoms: Five foods that could trigger parosmia – reported symptom after infection”, in Gary Jones, editor, Daily Express, London: Express Newspapers, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-04-18:

(pathology) A distorted sense of smell, often resulting in the apparent detection of non-existent smells which are mostly unpleasant.

刺激性異嗅症

しげきせいいきゅうしょう


mastitis

en-noun

mastitis (countable and uncountable, plural mastitides or mastitises)

From French mastite, derived from Ancient Greek masto- + -itis.


patent

en-adj

patent (comparative more patent, superlative most patent)

more patent (comparative)
most patent (superlative)

From Middle English patent, patente (“wide open; clear, unobstructed; unlimited; of a document: available for public inspection”) [and other forms], from Anglo-Norman and Middle French patent (modern French patent), and directly from their etymon Latin patēns (“open; accessible, passable; evident, manifest; exposed, vulnerable”), the present active participle of pateō (“to be open; to be accessible, attainable; to be exposed, vulnerable; of frontiers or land: to extent, increase”), from Proto-Indo-European *peth₂- (“to spread out; to fly”).

der

[ˈpʰæ̝ʔn̩t̚]

[ˈpʰe̞ɪʔn̩t̚]

(medicine, veterinary medicine) Of an infection: in the phase when the organism causing it can be detected by clinical tests.


lymphosarcoma

en-noun

lymphosarcoma (plural lymphosarcomas or lymphosarcomata)

lymphosarcomas (plural)
lymphosarcomata (plural)

(pathology) A diffuse malignant lymphoma.


pyrogenic

en-adj

pyrogenic (comparative more pyrogenic, superlative most pyrogenic)

more pyrogenic (comparative)
most pyrogenic (superlative)

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(pathology, chemistry) generating or produced by heat, especially in the body; causing or caused by fever


pyrogenous

pyrogenous (comparative more pyrogenous, superlative most pyrogenous)

more pyrogenous (comparative)
most pyrogenous (superlative)

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(pathology, chemistry, geology) Synonym of pyrogenic.

(pathology, chemistry, geology) Synonym of pyrogenetic.


rheumatism

en-noun

rheumatism (countable and uncountable, plural rheumatisms)

First attested 1601, from Latin rheumatismus (“rheum”), from Ancient Greek ῥευματισμός (rheumatismós, “humour, discharge, rheum”) from ῥευματίζομαι (rheumatízomai, “I suffer from a rheum”) from ῥεῦμα (rheûma, “stream, flow”) from ῥέω (rhéō, “I flow”)

uder

And then as to your ſcurvys, and gouts, rheumatiſms, conſumptions, coughs and catarrhs, tar-vvater and turpentine vvill make you as ſound as a roach.

1763 June 20 (first performance), Samuel Foote, The Mayor of Garret. A Comedy, […], London: […] P[aul] Vaillant, […], published 1764, →OCLC, Act I, scene i, page 4:

The old man had become a confirmed invalid, confined by chronic rheumatism to his chair.

(pathology) Any disorder of the muscles, tendons, joints, bones, nerves, characterized by pain, discomfort and disability.

رَثْيَة

any painful disorder of muscles, tendons, joints, bones and nerves

rheumatoid arthritis
rheumatoid arthritis

(pathology) Atrophic arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis


monomania

en-noun

monomania (plural monomanias or monomaniæ)

/ˌmɒnəʊˈmeɪnɪə/

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Either:
* Formed in English as mono- + mania;
* From the French monomanie; or,
* From the Modern Latin monomania.

“There are no limits to the possibilities of monomania,” I answered. “There is the condition which the modern French psychologists have called the ‘idée fixe,’ which may be trifling in character, and accompanied by complete sanity in every other way. A man who had read deeply about Napoleon, or who had possibly received some hereditary family injury through the great war, might conceivably form such an ‘idée fixe’ and under its influence be capable of any fantastic outrage.”

1904 April 30, A[rthur] Conan Doyle, “The Adventure of the Six Napoleons”, in The Return of Sherlock Holmes, New York, N.Y.: McClure, Phillips & Co., published February 1905, →OCLC, page 212:

(pathology, dated) A pathological obsession with one person, thing or idea.