crypto

crypto (countable and uncountable, plural cryptos)

All senses trace back to clippings of words derived from the prefix crypto-, developed at various times in the 20th and 21st centuries. During the 2010s and 2020s, the "cryptocurrency" sense has become the dominant sense. The "cryptography" sense predates that one; thus, a computer or math geek in earlier decades would be referring to cryptography when using this word. The "secret supporter or follower" sense is clipped from such terms as cryptofascist and cryptocommunist. The several informal senses in medicine referring to several microbe genera or the diseases they cause have existed since circa the mid-20th century.

With immune system damage come the infections associated with AIDS: PCP, MAC, toxoplasmosis, crypto, meningitis, thrush, lymphomas, CM, fungal infections, and many others.

1996 September 7, Michael Immel, “The Changing Story of a Virus”, in Gay Community News, page 7:

(informal, pathology) Clipping of cryptosporidiosis


Hansen's disease

Named after Norwegian physician Gerhard Armauer Hansen (1841–1912), who in 1873 discovered the bacterium causing the disease.

named-after

Mycobacterium leprae
Mycobacterium leprae#Translingual

(pathology) The disease leprosy, caused by infection by Mycobacterium leprae.

漢生病 /汉生病

Hansen's disease (only translations that use the name Hansen somehow) — see also leprosy


Lou Gehrig's disease

Named after New York Yankees baseball player Lou Gehrig (1903–1941), a prominent sufferer of the disease. The disease was known before Gehrig suffered it, but his fame led to his name being associated with it.

Lou Gehrig's (alternative abbreviation)
Lou Gehrig's Disease (alternative)

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis#English

(pathology, US) Synonym of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.


hemicrania

en-noun

hemicrania (countable and uncountable, plural hemicranias)

hemicranias (plural)
hemicrany (alternative dated)

From Late Latin hemicrania (“pain in one half of the head”), from Ancient Greek ἡμικρᾱνίᾰ (hēmikrāníă), from ἡμι- (hēmi-, “hemi-, half”) + κρανίον (kraníon, “skull”) (from whence also cranium).
Cognate to megrim and migraine, which also derive from the Latin.

bor

Gods, gods, why do you punish me? Yes, no doubt it is upon me again, again this terrible, invincible affliction … this hemicrania which grips half the head with pain … without remedy, without escape … I must try not to move my head. …

1993, The Master and Margarita, by Mikhail Bulgakov, translation Burgin and O’Connor, Chapter 2, p. 17

(pathology) A headache affecting one side of the head.

hemicrania

a headache affecting one side of the head


amphicrania

(pathology) A headache affecting both sides of the head.


otalgia

en-noun

otalgia (countable and uncountable, plural otalgias)


otitis

otitis (countable and uncountable, plural otitides or otitises)


cystitis

cystitis (countable and uncountable, plural cystitides)

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Partying involves taking the tube home two days late, in a damp silk dress, ravenous, reeking of Moët, sweat and stale Shalimar, a bunch of plastic cocktail twizzlers in your clutch bag, with glitter on your face and extreme dehydration, followed by a 20-hour sleep and three days of cystitis.

2022 August 27, Bidisha Mamata, “Tinder is 10 but after a dip in the dating app pool I’m staying resolutely single”, in The Observer:

(pathology) Inflammation of the urinary bladder.


vaginismus

vaginismus (usually uncountable, plural vaginismuses)

(pathology) A painful muscular contraction of the vagina when attempting to insert something, such as a tampon or a penis, into it.


cauliflower ear

cauliflower ear (plural cauliflower ears)

A huge man with a notable cauliflower ear was peering into the car, a scowl of suspicion upon his face.

1928 February 25 – March 3, Arthur Conan Doyle, “When the World Screamed”, in The Professor Challenger Stories […], London: John Murray, […], published [1952], →OCLC, page 560:

Having gone in a lot for boxing from his earliest years, he had the cauliflower ear of which I had spoken to Aunt Dahlia and in addition to this a nose which some hidden hand had knocked slightly out of the straight.

1960, P[elham] G[renville] Wodehouse, chapter III, in Jeeves in the Offing, London: Herbert Jenkins, →OCLC:

(boxing, wrestling, sports, pathology) An ear swollen and deformed by repeated blows, common among boxers and rugby players.


hematoma

hematoma (plural hematomas or hematomata)

hematomas (plural)
hematomata (plural)
haematoma (alternative)
hæmatoma (alternative)

From hemato- + -oma. Among the many words derived from -oma that are in current common use, this word is one of only a few that do not denote a neoplasm; another is granuloma.

The so-called Danlos or Ehlers-Danlos syndrome consists of three symptoms: (1) pronounced fragility of the skin and its blood vessels, with breaking, splitting and the formation of hematomas and pseudotumors subsequent to the slightest trauma (dermatorrhexis-fragilitas cutis), (2) a more or less pronounced hyperlaxity and hyperelasticity of the skin (dermatochalasis-laxitas cutis) and (3) more or less pronounced hyperlaxity or hyperflexibility of the joints (arthrochalasis-laxitas articularis).

1936 June 7, F Ronchese, “Dermatorrhexis with dermatochalasis and arthrochalasis (the so-called Ehlers-Danlos syndrome)”, in American Journal of Diseases of Children, volume 51, number 6, page 1403:

In 30 years as an expert witness, I have seen total plexus paralysis in three patients after needle angiography with intraaxillary hematoma not followed by surgical repair.

2012, E. Zeitler, Radiology of Peripheral Vascular Diseases, page 191:

(pathology) A swelling of blood, usually clotted, which forms as a result of broken blood vessels.


cardiac arrest

cardiac arrest (countable and uncountable, plural cardiac arrests)

(cardiology, pathology) The sudden and complete cessation of the heartbeat resulting in the loss of effective circulation of the blood.


heart failure

heart failure (countable and uncountable, plural heart failures)

heart failures (plural)
heart-failure (alternative)

(cardiology, pathology) The chronic inability of the heart to pump a sufficient amount of blood throughout the body, leading to a pooling of blood and shortness of breath.

(cardiology, pathology) The cessation of the heartbeat; cardiac arrest.


apnea

apnea (countable and uncountable, plural apneas)

apneas (plural)
apnoea (alternative)
apnœa (alternative)

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From a- + -pnea, from the New Latin apnoea, from the Ancient Greek ἄπνοια (ápnoia), formed from ἀ- (a-, “absence of”) + πνοή (pnoḗ, “breathing”).

(pathology) The cessation of breathing, most often in reference to transient instances thereof during sleep.


sleep apnea

sleep apnea (countable and uncountable, plural sleep apneas)

sleep apneas (plural)
sleep apnoea (alternative)

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(pathology, American spelling) Brief interruptions of breathing during sleep.

اِنْقِطَاع النَّفَس أَثْنَاء النَّوْم

brief interruptions of breathing during sleep


common cold

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So he went to the hospital and got checked. Doctors determined it was a common cold, not the new coronavirus, he says, and he returned home. Then a week ago, he says, five officers showed up at his house in Xishui County, a two hour drive from Wuhan. They wore masks and wielded blue, gun-shaped thermometers.

2020 January 31, Dake Kang, “The shunned: People from virus-hit city tracked, quarantined”, in AP News, archived from the original on 2022-02-15:

(pathology) A very common, mild viral infection of the nose and throat, whose symptoms typically include sneezing, sniffling, a running or blocked nose, a sore throat, coughing and a headache.


brucellosis

brucellosis (countable and uncountable, plural brucelloses)

There is debate asto whether rangiferine brucellosis spread to North America across the Bering Sea land bridge duringthelast iceage,orifit was introduced in imported Russian reindeer around 1900.

2006, Robert S. Youngquist, Current Therapy in Large Animal Theriogenology:

The clash between Montana and the National Park Service, among other officials and entities that maintain the sprawling park, stems from state authorities' belief that the park's plan to manage its bison herd doesn't do enough to reduce the risk of brucellosis transmission.

2025 January 3, Jasmine Laws, “Montana Hits Yellowstone With Lawsuit Over Bison Plan”, in Newsweek:

(pathology) Infection by a bacterium of the genus Brucella, which is carried by ruminants and other mammals, with symptoms including recurring fevers, sweating, weakness, anorexia, headaches, depression, and generalized aches and pains.


ovaritis

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medusa

medusa (plural medusas or medusae or (obsolete) medusæ)

medusas (plural)
medusae (plural)
medusæ (obsolete plural)


radiation sickness

radiation sickness (countable and uncountable, plural radiation sicknesses)

(medicine, pathology) Any illness produced by ionizing radiation with symptoms ranging from nausea to death.


tinnitus

tinnitus (countable and uncountable, plural tinnituses)

From Latin tinnītus (“a jingling, ringing”).

(otolaryngology, pathology) The experience of auditory sensations, such as a ringing or pulsating sound, occurring in the absence of any external stimulus.


extinction

extinction (countable and uncountable, plural extinctions)

From late Middle English, borrowed from Latin extinctio (“extinction, annihilation”), from extinguere, past participle extinctus (“to extinguish”); see extinguish.

der

extinction event → Triassic-Jurassic extinction event

(pathology) The inability to perceive multiple stimuli simultaneously.


hyperthermia

en-noun

hyperthermia (countable and uncountable, plural hyperthermias)

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From New Latin, from Ancient Greek ὑπέρ (hupér, “over”) + θέρμη (thérmē, “heat”) + -ία (-ía). By surface analysis, hyper- + -therm + -ia.

surf

Autopsy results revealed that Braydon was generally malnourished and thin. His cause of death was hyperthermia due to the extreme heat, which would have “caused extreme discomfort and difficulty breathing as he died.”

2015 December 23, Tiffany Ap and Artemis Moshtaghian, “Neglected boy shut in room with heater on dies of hyperthermia”, in CNN:

Hyperthermia, that's just a word. The reality is different. You can't breathe. Sweating doesn't work. You're being roasted, like meat in an oven, and you can feel that.

2020, Kim Stanley Robinson, The Ministry for the Future, Little, Brown Book Group, →ISBN:

(pathology) The condition of having an abnormally high body temperature caused by a failure of the heat-regulating mechanisms of the body to deal with the heat coming from the environment.

熱中症

ねっちゅうしょう, ねっちゅうしょう, nettchūshō


Lyme disease

Named after the town of Lyme, Connecticut, USA, where a number of cases were identified in 1975.

(pathology) Infection by one of three or more subspecies of the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi, which is transmitted by four species of tick in genus Ixodes. Symptoms include a rash followed by fever, joint pain, and headaches.

萊姆病 /莱姆病

infection by bacteria of the genus Borrelia

Ixodes ricinus

sheep tick, castor bean tick, of western Eurasia

Ixodes scapularis

black-legged tick, deer tick, of eastern North America

Ixodes pacificus

western black-legged tick, of western North America


scrofula

en-noun

scrofula (countable and uncountable, plural scrofulas or scrofulae or scrofulæ)

scrofulas (plural)
scrofulae (plural)
scrofulæ (plural)
scrophula (alternative)

Borrowed from Latin scrōfulae, a diminutive form of scrōfa (“breeding sow”), because swine were supposed to be subject to the complaint; or by fanciful comparison of the glandular swellings to little pigs.

1970: R.H.C. Davis A History of Medieval Europe Longman: SBN 582482089. P298. "(In 1100) It (The Church) relied on the king (of France) for protection and in return gave him authority. It even ..gave support for the claim that by his royal touch, he could miraculously cure the scrofula. (A similar claim was made for the kings of England, and was exercised till the reign of Queen Anne; one of the last people to be cured in that way being Dr. Johnson.)

(pathology) A form of tuberculosis, most common in women 30-40 years of age, tending to cause enlarged and degenerated lymph nodes, especially in the neck, and often chronic, intractable skin inflammation as well.


pathophysiology

pathophysiology (countable and uncountable, plural pathophysiologies)

(pathology) The physiological processes associated with disease or injury.


pathophysiologic

(pathology) Pertaining to pathophysiology.


pathophysiological

What, beyond abnormal, dysregulated cell division, was the common pathophysiological mechanism underlying cancer?

2010, Siddhartha Mukherjee, The Emperor of All Maladies, Fourth Estate (2011), page 285:


pathophysiologically

(pathology) In a pathophysiologic manner.


murrain

murrain (countable and uncountable, plural murrains)

murrains (plural)
murrein (alternative)
murrion (alternative)

The noun is derived from Late Middle English morein, morine, moreyn (“(widespread) death; widespread sickness, plague; fatal disease; carnage; carrion”), from Anglo-Norman morine, mourine, moreyn (“death; widespread sickness, plague; carrion; cattle disease”), Middle French morine, and Old French morine, mourine, murine (“widespread sickness, plague; animal which has died from a disease”), from Late Latin morina (“plague”), probably from Latin morior (“to die; to decay, wither”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *mer- (“to die”).
The adjective and adverb are derived from the noun.
Cognates
* Italian morìa (“plague”)
* Latin morticīnus (“that has died naturally, dead; (relational) carrion”) (Medieval Latin morticinium)
* Occitan moria (“death; plague”)
* Old French morie (“death”) mourie (“flesh of animals that have died of disease”) (Middle French murie)
* Portuguese morrinha (“cattle plague”)
* Spanish morriña (“cattle plague”)

cog

water murrain

Il'e ſtrike thee [Earth] vvith a laſting barrenneſſe. / No more ſhall plenty crovvne thy fertill brovves, / Il'e breake thy plovves, thy Oxen murren-ſtrike: […]

1613, Thomas Heywood, The Silver Age, […], London: […] Nicholas Okes, and are to be sold by Beniamin Lightfoote […], →OCLC, Act III, signature H, verso:

[A] Church-mans Juriſdiction is no more but to vvatch over his Flock in ſeaſon, and out of ſeaſon, to deal by ſvveet and efficacious Inſtructions, gentle Admonitions, and ſometimes rounder Reproofs; […] againſt a perſiſting ſtubbornes, or the fear of a reprobate ſenſe, a timely ſeparation from the Flock by that interdictive Sentence, leſt his Converſation unprohibited, or unbranded, might breath a peſtilential murrein into the other Sheepe.

1642 April, John Milton, An Apology for Smectymnuus; republished in A Complete Collection of the Historical, Political, and Miscellaneous Works of John Milton, […], volume I, Amsterdam [actually London: s.n.], 1698, →OCLC, page 159:

The murrain among Bees is very rare: other diſeaſes they are ſubject too, eſpecially to a ſcovvring, by gathering, or feeding on Tithymal, […]

1657, Samuel Purchas, “Of Bees, Enemies and Sicknesses”, in A Theatre of Politicall Flying-Insects. […], London: […] R. I. for Thomas Parkhurst, […], →OCLC, page 122:

The next year vvas calamitous, bringing ſtrange fluxes upon men, and murren upon Cattel.

1670, John Milton, “The Sixth Book”, in The History of Britain, that Part Especially now Call’d England. […], London: […] J[ohn] M[acock] for James Allestry, […] , →OCLC, page 245:

[page 47] [B]ecauſe Murreins among the Larger Cattle, and Rots among the Smaller, are the moſt Fatal of Diſeaſes, and ſvveep them avvay by Herds and Flocks, I ſhall (from Long Experience) ſhovv the neareſt vvay to fore-ſee the approaching Danger, […] [page 48] To prevent therefore this Murrein, Long-ſought; or as ſome call it, Gurget: If you are conſtrained to Paſture your Beaſts, bleed them as ſoon as ever the Leaf begins to fall; peg their Ears and Devv-laps vvith Helebore, or Bears-foot, a Plant ſo called; […]

1700, C. P. [pseudonym], “Signs of Murrein, Rot, or Such Like Destroying Diseases in Cattle; how to Prevent or Remedy Them”, in The Sheepherd’s New Kalender: or, The Citizen’s & Country Man’s Daily Companion: […], London: […] A. M. for J. Blare, […], →OCLC, pages 47–48:

(countable, veterinary medicine, chiefly historical) Any of several highly infectious diseases of cattle or other livestock, such as anthrax, babesiosis, or rinderpest; or a particular epizootic thereof; also, an infectious disease affecting other animals, such as poultry.

مَوْتَان

any of several highly infectious diseases of cattle, etc.; or a particular epizootic thereof

potato murrain

[H]e had reason to think that a murrain had fallen over the whole of the potato crops in England, and that, if it extended to Ireland, the most serious consequences must ensue.

1880, [Benjamin Disraeli], chapter XIV, in Endymion […], volume III, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., →OCLC, pages 141–142:

(countable, by extension, phytopathology) An infectious disease affecting plants.


azotemia

en-noun

azotemia (countable and uncountable, plural azotemias)

/ˌæzəʊˈtiːmɪə/

(pathology) The accumulation in the blood of nitrogen-bearing waste products (such as urea) that are usually excreted in the urine.

αζωθαιμία

accumulation in the blood of waste products


magistery

magistery (countable and uncountable, plural magisteries)

/ˈmæd͡ʒɪstəɹi/

/ˈmæd͡ʒəˌstəɹi/

PIE word
 *méǵh₂s
From Middle English magisteri, magistery (“academic degree of Master”), from Latin magisterium (“office of a chief, director, president, or superintendent; teaching office or authority of the Roman Catholic Church; authoritative statement”) (compare Late Latin magisterium (“philosopher’s stone”)), from magister (“master (title for a person in authority or one having a licence from a university to teach liberal arts and philosophy); teacher”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *méǵh₂s (“big, great”) + *-teros (contrastive or oppositional suffix forming adjectives)) + -ium (suffix forming abstract nouns, sometimes denoting groups and offices). Doublet of magisterium. Cognate with French magistère, Old French magisteire.

der

(countable, pharmacology, veterinary medicine) A medicine prepared for a specific use.


trichinosis

en-noun

trichinosis (countable and uncountable, plural trichinoses)

From New Latin trichinōsis. By surface analysis, trichina + -osis.

(pathology) A disease characterized by headache, chills, fever, and soreness of muscles, caused by the presence of nematodes of genus Trichinella in the intestines and muscular tissues.


mosaic

mosaic (countable and uncountable, plural mosaics)

mosaics (plural)
mosaick (alternative obsolete)
musaic (alternative archaic)

From Middle French mosaïque, from Italian mosaico, from Medieval Latin musaicum, from Late Latin musivum (opus), from Latin museum, musaeum, probably from Ancient Greek Μουσεῖον (Mouseîon), shrine of the Muses (Μοῦσα (Moûsa)).

(phytopathology) Any of several viral diseases that cause mosaic-like patterns to appear on leaves.


scoliosis

scoliosis (countable and uncountable, plural scolioses)

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From Latin scoliosis, from Ancient Greek σκολίωσις (skolíōsis, “twisting; torsion”).

uder

“Scoliosis,” Mwita said. “Curvature of the spine. It’s hereditary, but that doesn’t always explain it. Most common in girls, but boys get it, too.”

2018, Nnedi Okorafor, Who Fears Death, HarperVoyager, page 211:

(pathology) A condition in which there is abnormal lateral curvature of the spine.


cystic fibrosis

(pathology) An inherited condition in which the exocrine glands produce abnormally viscous mucus, causing chronic respiratory and digestive problems.


Marburg disease

(pathology) A viral, often fatal infection characterised by a high fever, encephalitis, diarrhea, vomiting, and severe bleeding from bodily orifices.


toxic shock syndrome

en-noun

toxic shock syndrome (countable and uncountable, plural toxic shock syndromes)

From toxic + shock + syndrome. First appears in medical literature c. 1978.

(pathology) An acute infection caused by Staphylococcus bacteria, characterized by sudden high fever, muscle aches, joint pain, vomiting, diarrhea, dizziness, and fainting.


amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (uncountable)

central nervous system
central nervous system

(neurology, pathology) A chronic, progressive disease characterized by degeneration of the central nervous system and the loss of voluntary muscle control.

筋萎縮性側索硬化症

きんいしゅくせいそくさくこうかしょう


chronic fatigue syndrome

chronic fatigue syndrome (countable and uncountable, plural chronic fatigue syndromes)

(pathology) A condition characterized by immune, endocrine and neurologic pathology whose main symptoms are extreme fatigue, extremely low stamina, muscle pain, lymph node swelling, postexertional malaise, and cognitive difficulties.

慢性疲労症候群

まんせいひろうしょうこうぐん

encefalopatía miálgica/síndrome de fatiga crónica


psittacosis

psittacosis (countable and uncountable, plural psittacoses)

(pathology) An infection by Chlamydia bacteria, caught from infected birds, and characterised by fever, pneumonia and headaches.


goitre

goitre (countable and uncountable, plural goitres)

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Borrowed from French, either from Old French goitron (“throat, neck, goitre”), itself from Vulgar Latin *gutturiō, *gutturiōnem (“throat, goitre-like protrusions”), from Latin guttur, or a back-formation from French goitreux (“goitered”).

der

(pathology, UK) An enlargement of the front and sides of the neck caused by inflammation of the thyroid gland.

coto

Venezuelan Andes - Argentinian and Venezuelan standard usage : bocio

güegüecho

Southern Mexico - Mexican standard usage : bocio


porphyria

/pɔː(ɹ)ˈfɪɹɪə/

The term porphyria, derived from the Greek word porphyra, meaning purple, is apt because a hallmark of most of the porphyrias is the overexcretion of porphyrins in urine or feces.

2000, Herbert L. Bonkovsky, Richard W. Lambrecht, “44: Hemochromatosis, iron overload, and porphyria cutanea tarda”, in James C. Barton, Corwin Q. Edwards, editors, Hemochromatosis: Genetics, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Treatment, page 453:

However, the appearance of homozygous forms without consanguinity and coincidence of two types of porphyria in the same patient, dual porphyrias, is possible.

2003, M. Lecha, C. Herrero, D. Ozalla, “Porphyrias”, in Andreas D. Katsambas, Torello M. Lotti, editors, European Handbook of Dermatological Treatments, page 419:

The usual presenting symptoms and signs of porphyrias are either skin photosensitivity or neurovisceral symptoms and signs.

2010, James C. Barton, Corwin Q. Edwards, Pradyumna D. Phatak, Robert S. Britton, Bruce R. Bacon, Handbook of Iron Overload Disorders, page 160:

(pathology) Any of several usually hereditary abnormalities of porphyrin metabolism characterized by excretion of excess porphyrins in the urine.


severe acute respiratory syndrome

en-noun

severe acute respiratory syndrome (countable and uncountable, plural severe acute respiratory syndromes)

severe acute respiratory syndromes (plural)

taxfmt

Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus

(b) Severe acute respiratory syndromes, which are diseases that are associated with fever and signs and symptoms of pneumonia or other respiratory illness, are capable of being transmitted from person to person, and that either are causing, or have the potential to cause, a pandemic, or, upon infection, are highly likely to cause mortality or serious morbidity if not properly controlled.

2014 July 31, Barack Obama, “Executive Order—Revised List of Quarantinable Communicable Diseases”, in https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/, Office of the Press Secretary, The White House:

(pathology) A form of pneumonia resulting from infection by a coronavirus characterized by fever, myalgia, lethargy and coughing and which can be fatal.

重症急性呼吸器症候群

じゅうしょうきゅうせいこきゅうきしょうこうぐん


latah

en-noun

latah (countable and uncountable, plural latahs)

Latah is a condition occurring in Southeast Asia. Otherwise sane, Latahs compulsively imitate every motion once their attention is attracted by snapping the fingers or calling sharply.

1962 [1959], William S. Burroughs, Naked Lunch, New York: Grove Press:

It seemed to Sir Edwin that this patient, a young man who had never set foot outside England, was suffering from an ailment known as latah – common enough in the Malay archipelago but hitherto unknown, so far as the clinical records – admittedly not very reliable – could advise, in the temperate clime of northern Europe.

1989, Anthony Burgess, The Devil's Mode:

Actually, there is a debate among scholars as to whether the latah condition should be regarded as a culture-related "mental disorder" or merely as an "unusual behavior response" found in some cultures.

2003, Wen-Shing Tseng, Clinician's Guide to Cultural Psychiatry, page 116:

(pathology) A condition found in Malaysia and nearby areas characterised by extreme suggestibility; also, a person suffering from this malady.


variola

variola (usually uncountable, plural variolas)

From Middle English variolas pl (“pustules, pocks”), from Medieval Latin or Medical Latin variola (“infectious disease causing pustules; pox”), from Latin varius. Doublet of variole.


adenoma

(pathology) A benign tumour of the epithelium arising from or resembling a gland.


consumptive

en-adj

consumptive (comparative more consumptive, superlative most consumptive)

more consumptive (comparative)
most consumptive (superlative)

From Middle English consumptive, from Latin cōnsūmptus, past participle of cōnsūmō, + -ive.

consumptive cough

The lean, conſumptive, wench, with coughs decay'd, / Is call'd a pretty, tight, and ſlender maid.

a. 1701 (date written), John Dryden, “The Latter Part of the Fourth Book of Lucretius; Concerning the Nature of Love”, in The Miscellaneous Works of John Dryden, […], volume II, London: […] J[acob] and R[ichard] Tonson, […], published 1760, →OCLC, page 457:

pulmonary tuberculosis
pulmonary tuberculosis

(pathology) Relating to pulmonary tuberculosis.


myalgic encephalomyelitis

Chronic fatigue syndrome
chronic fatigue syndrome


narcosis

en-noun

narcosis (countable and uncountable, plural narcoses)

(pathology) Unconsciousness caused by a drug, anaesthetic or other chemical substance.

narkózis

unconsciousness caused by a drug, anaesthetic or other chemical substance


nystagmus

nystagmus (countable and uncountable, plural nystagmuses)

First attested in 1798. From New Latin nystagmus, from Ancient Greek νυσταγμός (nustagmós, “nodding, drowsiness”), from νυστάζω (nustázō, “nod, be sleepy”).

der

For months Travis had seen his solitary figure, shoulders hunched inside the flying jacket, in more and more newsreels, as an extra in war films, and then as a patient in an elegant ophthalmic film on nystagmus

1970, JG Ballard, The Atrocity Exhibition:

(pathology) rapid involuntary eye movement, usually lateral


hyperkinetic

(neurology, pathology, psychiatry, psychology) Of, relating to, or affected with hyperkinesis or hyperactivity.

hyperkineettinen

of, relating to, or affected with hyperkinesis or hyperactivity


hyperkinesis

en-noun

hyperkinesis (countable and uncountable, plural hyperkineses)

(pathology) Abnormally increased and sometimes uncontrollable activity or muscular movements.

ipercinesia

abnormally increased and sometimes uncontrollable activity or muscular movements

(pathology) A condition especially of childhood characterized by hyperactivity.

hyperkinésie

a condition characterized by hyperactivity

hyperkinetic disorder

attention deficit hyperactivity disorder


hyperemia

hyperemia (countable and uncountable, plural hyperemias)

hyperemias (plural)
hyperaemia (alternative)
hyperæmia (alternative)

From Ancient Greek ὑπέρ (hupér, “over”) + αἷμα (haîma, “blood”), equivalent to hyper- + -emia.

(pathology) excess of blood in a body part.


ischaemic

en-adj

ischaemic (comparative more ischaemic, superlative most ischaemic)

more ischaemic (comparative)
most ischaemic (superlative)

(pathology, cardiology) British English spelling of ischemic.


neuralgic

(neurology, pathology) Pertaining to or affected by neuralgia.


foot-and-mouth disease

So Joe starts telling the citizen about the foot and mouth disease and the cattle traders and taking action in the matter and the citizen sending them all to the rightabout and Bloom coming out with his sheepdip for the scab and a hoose drench for coughing calves and the guaranteed remedy for timber tongue.

1922 February, James Joyce, “[Episode 12: The Cyclops]”, in Ulysses, Paris: Shakespeare and Company, […], →OCLC, part II [Odyssey], pages 301–302:

(pathology, veterinary medicine) A highly contagious and sometimes fatal viral disease that can affect animals with cloven hooves.


sitophobia

From sito- + -phobia < Ancient Greek, σῖτος (sîtos, “wheat, bread”) + -φοβία (-phobía, “fear”).

(pathology) A morbid or insane dread of eating. An aversion to food.


DM

en-noun

DM (countable and uncountable, plural DMs)

diabetes mellitus
diabetes mellitus#English

(pathology) Initialism of diabetes mellitus.

(pathology) Initialism of dermatomyositis.


infiltrate

From Middle English infiltrate (adjective), from Medieval Latin infiltrātus, from infiltrō.

One critical distinction to make is whether a focal corneal infiltrate is infected with bacteria or is a sterile immunologic response.

2008, Jimmy D. Bartlett, Siret D. Jaanus, Clinical Ocular Pharmacology, page 539:

Extensive lumpy infiltrates with a tendency to caseate and to form fistulas with purulent secretions appear, mainly in the anogenital region.

2013, Otto Braun-Falco, Dermatology, page 141:

Common immunohistochemical markers of this lymphoma include CD2, CD56, CD3, and T-cell receptors. 7 Typically, the histology of these lymphomas are characterized by monomorphic inflammatory cellular infiltrates, which may be diffuse or show angiocentricity and angiodestruction as well as tissue destruction. 7 Lymphoid markers from the nasal mucosal biopsy from this patient were negative for CD56 and EBER.

2015, Brook McConnell, M. Sherif Said, Vijay R. Ramakrishnan, “Nasal septal perforation associated with pyoderma gangrenosum”, in Allergy & Rhinology, volume 6, →DOI:

(pathology) Any undesirable substance or group of cells that has made its way into part of the body.


polycythemia

polycythemia (countable and uncountable, plural polycythemias)

polycythemias (plural)
polycythaemia (alternative)
polycythæmia (alternative)

/ˌpɒlɪsaɪˈθiːmɪə/

From poly- + -cyte + -emia, with /θ/ for euphony; akin to poly- + -cyte + hem- + -ia; morphologically parallel with erythrocythemia.

(pathology) A rare disorder in which the bone marrow produces an abnormally large amount of blood cells, often red blood cells.


tet

“It's a tet shot,” Roddy told him, relieved. A tetanus injection was the usual thing for a cut or puncture wound on a horse.

1971, Adelaide Leitch, The Blue Roan, New York, NY: Henry Z. Walck, →ISBN, page 94:

(informal, pathology) Clipping of tetanus.


homeosis

homeosis (countable and uncountable, plural homeoses)

homeoses (plural)
homoeosis (alternative)
homœosis (alternative)
homoiosis (alternative)

(pathology) The formation of a normal plant or animal structure or organ in place of another at an abnormal site; the transformation of one body part to another.

homéose

transformation of one body part into another


aplasia

aplasia (countable and uncountable, plural aplasias)

(pathology) A condition marked by the incomplete development, or entire absence, of an organ or tissue.

aplasie

incomplete development or absence of organ or tissue


aplastic

(pathology) Relating to the inability of the body to create new cells, such that tissue cannot grow or regenerate.


ectopia

ectopia (countable and uncountable, plural ectopias)

From Ancient Greek ἔκτοπία (éktopía), from ἔκτοπος (éktopos, “away from a place”), from ἐκ- (ek-) + τόπος (tópos).

(pathology) The condition where an organ or other body part has an abnormal position.


dyspeptic

en-adj

dyspeptic (comparative more dyspeptic, superlative most dyspeptic)

more dyspeptic (comparative)
most dyspeptic (superlative)

First attested in 1694. From Ancient Greek δύσπεπτος (dúspeptos, “difficult to digest”), from δυσ- (dus-, “bad”) + πέπτω (péptō, “I digest”).

af

...but Lady Anne could not be deceived—in five years' time he would become dyspeptic, be surrounded by physicians, consigned to all the Badens in Germany, and think much more of a renovating draught than a beautiful young wife.

1838 (date written), L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], “(please specify the page)”, in Lady Anne Granard; or, Keeping up Appearances. […], volume I, London: Henry Colburn, […], published 1842, →OCLC, pages 272–273:

(pathology, not comparable) Of, relating to, or having dyspepsia or indigestion.


typhlitis

(pathology) Inflammation of the blind gut (caecum).


atonic

en-adj

atonic (comparative more atonic, superlative most atonic)

more atonic (comparative)
most atonic (superlative)


Hodgkin's disease

Hodgkin's lymphoma
Hodgkin's lymphoma#English

(oncology, pathology) Former name of Hodgkin's lymphoma.


Hodgkin's lymphoma

en-noun

Hodgkin's lymphoma (countable and uncountable, plural Hodgkin's lymphomas)

(pathology, oncology) A malignant lymphoid neoplasm characterized by the formation of large tumour cells (Reed-Sternberg cells) in the lymph nodes.


embolic

en-adj

embolic (comparative more embolic, superlative most embolic)

more embolic (comparative)
most embolic (superlative)

(pathology) Of or relating to an embolus or an embolism.


Huntington's disease

Named after American physician George Huntington.

named-after

(pathology, neurology) A hereditary disorder of the basal ganglia that leads to progressive loss of motor coordination.


chorea

en-noun

chorea (countable and uncountable, plural choreas or choreae or choreæ)

choreas (plural)
choreae (plural)
choreæ (plural)

(pathology) Any of the various diseases of the nervous system characterized by involuntary muscular movements of the face and extremities; St. Vitus's dance.


Dutch elm disease

Named after the country in which the disease was first identified. (It is not specific to Dutch elms.)

The village is a dignified place of thatch, half-timbering, box hedges and neat farms, set among elms (though not as many as formerly, since Dutch elm disease took its toll) on the level plain of the Pewsey Vale.

1980, AA Book of English Villages, Drive Publications Ltd, page 67:

The process began 50 years ago when Europe’s elms were ravaged by the beetle-borne fungal malady misnamed ʻDutch elm diseaseʼ (which, in fact, is Asian).

2018, Tim Flannery, Europe: A Natural History, page 296:

(phytopathology) A disease of elm trees caused by ascomycete fungi in the genus Ophiostoma and spread by bark beetles.


sthenic

en-adj

sthenic (comparative more sthenic, superlative most sthenic)

more sthenic (comparative)
most sthenic (superlative)

From New Latin sthenicus, from Ancient Greek σθένος (sthénos, “strength”).

cog

The resultant outcome of them is in any case what [Immanuel] Kant calls a ‘sthenic’ affection, an excitement of the cheerful, expansive, ‘dynamogenic’ order which, like any tonic, freshens our vital powers.

1902, William James, “Lecture XX: Conclusions”, in The Varieties of Religious Experience: A Study in Human Nature […] , New York, N.Y.; London: Longmans, Green, and Co. […], →OCLC, page 505:

(pathology, archaic) Characterized by nervous energy; robust, strong.

sthenisch

characterized by nervous energy — see also robust, strong


rupia

From Ancient Greek ῥυπία (rhupía), from ῥύπος (rhúpos, “filth”).


DS

(pathology) Initialism of drug susceptible or drug sensitive.


rachitic

en-adj

rachitic (comparative more rachitic, superlative most rachitic)

more rachitic (comparative)
most rachitic (superlative)

From rachitis (“rickets”) + -ic (suffix forming adjectives from nouns with the sense ‘of or pertaining to’), possibly modelled after French rachitique or Late Latin rachiticus. Rachitis is an unadapted borrowing from New Latin rachitis, used by the British physician Francis Glisson (1597–1677) to refer to rickets, from Koine Greek ῥαχῖτις (rhakhîtis) (in ῥαχῖτις νόσος (rhakhîtis nósos, “spinal inflammation”, literally “spinal disease”)), the feminine form of ῥαχίτης (rhakhítēs, “in or of the spine, spinal”), from Ancient Greek ῥάχῐς (rhákhĭs, “lower part of the back; (anatomy) backbone, spine”) (probably ultimately Pre-Greek) + -ῖτις (-îtis) (feminine form of -ῑ́της (-ī́tēs, suffix forming nouns with the sense ‘one connected to’)).

nb...

operâ primò ac potissimm Francisci Glissonii Doctoris & publici professoris medicinæ in almâ Cantabrigiæ academiâ, & socii collegii medicorum Londinensium, conscriiptus: adscitis in operis societatem Georgio Bate, & Ahasuero Regemortero medicinæ quoque doctoribus, & pariter sociis collegii medicorum Londinensium

for the First Time and Most Powerfully by Francis Glisson Doctor & Public Professor of Medicine in the University of Cambridge, & a Member of the College of Physicians of London: Approved in Affiliated Works by George Bate, & Assuerus Regimorter also Doctors of Medicine, & Fellow Members of the College of Physicians of London

apud quos veneunt in vico vulgò-vocato Little Britain

and to be sold in the neighbourhood commonly known as Little Britain

der

(affected by rickets):

Nor was there time to do much more than distribute some sweet to the pallid rachitic children.

1982, Lawrence Durrell, “Constance, or Solitary Practices”, in The Avignon Quintet, London: Faber & Faber, published 2004, →ISBN, page 761:

His companions—now I could see them as well. […] Tiny, nocturnal, twittering, they were like rachitic children, and as one went past me I saw mongoloid features and a bald head.

1989, Umberto Eco, chapter 113, in William Weaver, transl., Foucault’s Pendulum (A Helen and Kurt Wolff Book), San Diego, Calif.; New York, N.Y.: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, →ISBN, page 582:

They [the author's grandparents] brought Margot, who was a little more than a year old, back to Cataca with them, […] It was hard for me to get used to the change, because Margot came to the house like a creature from another life, rachitic and wild, and with an impenetrable interior world. When Abigaíl—the mother of Luis Carmelo Correa—saw her she could not understand why my grandparents had assumed the burden of that commitment. "The girl is dying," she said.

2003, Gabriel García Márquez, chapter 2, in Edith Grossman, transl., Living to Tell the Tale […], New York, N.Y.: Alfred A[braham] Knopf, →ISBN, page 80:

(pathology) Of or pertaining to, or affected by, rickets (“a disorder of infancy and early childhood due to a deficiency of vitamin D, causing soft or weak bones”).

рахитичен

of or pertaining to, or affected by, rickets


DES

en-noun

DES (countable and uncountable, plural DESes or DESs)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-DES.wav

Dry Eye Syndrome
dry eye syndrome#English

(pathology) Initialism of Dry Eye Syndrome.

(pathology) Initialism of Diffuse Esophageal Spasm.


strep throat

(pathology) An infection of the throat with streptococci.


autolytic

/ˌɔːtəˈlɪtɪk/


autolysis

From auto- (“self”) + -lysis (“breakdown”).

(pathology, cytology) The destruction of an organism's cells by enzymes produced by the organism itself.

саморазлагане

the destruction of an organism's cells by enzymes

(pathology) The autodigestion of the tissues of an organism.

(pathology) The autocytolysis of blood cells.


kyphosis

kyphosis (countable and uncountable, plural kyphoses)

kyphoses (plural)
cyphosis (alternative dated)

From Ancient Greek κυφός (kuphós, “humpback, bent”) + -osis.

der

(pathology) An abnormal convex curvature of the spine in the cervical or lumbar regions of the spine.


scandalous

en-adj

scandalous (comparative more scandalous, superlative most scandalous)

more scandalous (comparative)
most scandalous (superlative)

From Late Middle English scandalouse (“disgraceful, shameful”), borrowed from Old French scandaleux (“scandalous”) (modern French scandaleux), from Medieval Latin scandalōsus, from Ecclesiastical Latin scandalum (“scandal”) + Latin -ōsus (suffix meaning ‘full of; prone to’ forming adjectives). Scandalum is derived from Ancient Greek σκᾰ́νδᾰλον (skắndălon, “offence, scandal; snare, trap”); further etymology uncertain, possibly from Pre-Greek or Proto-Indo-European *skend- (“to jump”) (referring to a device for climbing or jumping on, such as might be used by someone setting a trap). By surface analysis, scandal + -ous (suffix forming adjectives from nouns, denoting presence of a quality in any degree (typically an abundance), or a relation to the nouns).

surf

Theſe are the Ulcers vvhich render fiſtulæ ani [anal fistulas] ſcandalous. If the matter paſſeth in perineo, for the moſt part it perforates the Urethra, ſometime like a Flute, and the Urine cometh thereout, othertimes it corrupteth vvithin, and diſchargeth the putrefaction into the pelvis.

1676, Richard Wiseman, “The First Book. A Treatise of Tumours. Chapter VI. Of the Ill Consequences of a Gonorrhœa Cured.”, in Severall Chirurgicall Treatises, London: […] E. Flesher and J. Macock, for R[ichard] Royston […], and B[enjamin] Took, […], →OCLC, page 66:

(pathology, uncertain) Of a disease or symptom: putrid, rotting.


contrecoup

Borrowed from French contrecoup, from contre (Latin contra) + coup a blow.

These injuries, known as contrecoup injuries, appear on the opposite side of the brain from the point of impact because the brain is flung against its own protective (or in this case not-so-protective) casing.

2019, Bill Bryson, The Body: A Guide for Occupants, Black Swan (2020), page 79:

(pathology) A bruising of the brain caused by a blow, appearing on the opposite side to that on which the blow was struck.


epiphenomenon

en-noun

epiphenomenon (plural epiphenomena or (nonstandard) epiphenomenons)

epiphenomena (plural)
epiphenomenons (nonstandard plural)
epiphaenomenon (alternative)
epiphænomenon (alternative)

/ˌɛpɪfəˈnɒmɪnən/

/ˌɛpəfəˈnɑməˌnɑn/

/ˌɛpɪfəˈnɒmɪnə/

/ˌɛpəfəˈnɑmənə/

PIE word
 *h₁epi
From epi- (prefix meaning ‘above, on, over; in addition to’) + phenomenon. Phenomenon is derived from Late Latin phaenomenon (“appearance”), from Ancient Greek φαινόμενον (phainómenon, “thing that appears in one’s view; appearance; phenomenon”), a noun use of the neuter singular form of φαινόμενος (phainómenos), the present middle or passive participle of φαίνω (phaínō, “to cause to appear; to reveal, show, uncover; to expound”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂- (“to glow with light, to shine”).
The plural epiphenomena is derived from epi- + phenomena.

der

EPIPHÆNOMENA, […] Signs in Diſeaſes which appear afterwards.

[1721, N[athan] Bailey, “EPIPHÆNOMENA”, in An Universal Etymological English Dictionary: […], London: […] E. Bell, J. Darby, […], →OCLC, column 2:

The appetite commonly remains little impaired, but it is conjoined with the fear of taking food. The tongue is generally clean, and the taste natural; a contrary state the author considers and denominates an epiphenomenon.

1820 February, “Art. V. Monographie des Dégénérations scirrheuses de l’Estomac. Par Frédéric Chardel, D.M. &c. A Paris, 1808. pp. 213. [book review]”, in [John Anderson], editor, The Quarterly Journal of Foreign Medicine and Surgery; and of the Sciences Connected with Them, volume II, number VI, London: […] [Anderson and Co.] for F. C. and J. Rivington, […], and J[ohn] Anderson, […], →OCLC, page 164:

In all cases, the presence of bile in the blood is a mere epiphænomenon, and therefore demands no special attention.

1845 April, Samuel G. White, “Clinical Lectures and Reports. Philadelphia Hospital. Saturday, January 4, 1845. Clinic of Professor [Robley] Dunglison.”, in Robert M. Huston, editor, The Medical Examiner, and Record of Medical Science, volume I (New Series; volume VIII overall), number IV, Philadelphia, Pa.: Lindsay & Blakiston, […], →OCLC, page 210:

In amenorrhœa, epistaxis is by no means unfrequent; and often relieves the anomalous symptoms, especially those referable to the encephalon, which are the results of the irregular hyperæmia thus induced. The same may be said of it as an epiphænomenon in febrile affections—inflammatory and adynamic,—of which conditions it is often an important symptom.

1848, Robley Dunglison, “Diseases of the Nose”, in The Practice of Medicine: A Treatise on Special Pathology and Therapeutics. […], 3rd edition, volume II, Philadelphia, Pa.: Lea and Blanchard, →OCLC, book VII (Diseases of the Organs of the Senses), page 352:

If a lady patient comes to your office and complains of severe backache, weight in the rectum, and a general bearing down, as she will call it, and has leucorrhœa with dysmenorrhœa, nervous disturbances, lame and difficult locomotion, menorrhagia, dyspareunia, pelvic neuralgia, epigastric depression, gastric derangement, uterine colic or tenesmus, sterility and many other symptoms that are epiphænomena of their own, do not, I beg of you, sit up very late, looking for the indicated remedy, for most likely you have a perfect case of retroversion, which is producing all of these annoying symptoms, by creating congestion of the uterine body, obstructing the cervical canal, and causing pressure on the rectum, congestion of the ovaries, and reflex nervous manifestations.

1882 June, Phil Porter, “Stenosis of the Cervix Uteri”, in E. A. Lodge, Sen’r, editor, The American Observer Medical Monthly: […], volume IX (New Series; volume XIX overall), Detroit, Mich.: E. A. Lodge, Sen’r, […], →OCLC, page 280:

(pathology) A symptom that develops during the course of a disease that is not connected to the disease.


elephantiasis

en-noun

elephantiasis (usually uncountable, plural elephantiases)

elephantiases (plural)
elephantitis (alternative)
elephantitus (alternative)

From Latin elephantiasis or directly from Ancient Greek ἐλεφᾰντῐ́ᾱσῐς (elephăntĭ́āsĭs).

bor

ἐλεφᾰντῐ́ᾱσῐς

(pathology) A complication of chronic filariasis, in which nematode worms block the lymphatic vessels, usually in the legs or scrotum, causing extreme enlargement of the infected area.

(pathology, obsolete) Synonym of leprosy.


xeroderma

en-noun

xeroderma (countable and uncountable, plural xerodermas or xerodermata)

xerodermas (plural)
xerodermata (plural)

(pathology) Any of various skin diseases characterised by dry, hard, scaly skin, especially ichthyosis.

xéirideirme

pathology: any of various skin diseases characterised by dry hard scaly skin


euryopia

(pathology) A condition in which the eyes are open abnormally wide.


morbidly obese

en-adj

morbidly obese (comparative more morbidly obese, superlative most morbidly obese)

more morbidly obese (comparative)
most morbidly obese (superlative)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-morbidly obese.wav

Which raises an interesting question: Is Trump actually morbidly obese?

2020 May 19, Chris Cillizza, “Nancy Pelosi called President Trump ‘morbidly obese.’ Is he?”, in CNN:

(pathology) Obese to an extent that is life-threatening.


occlusive ileus

(pathology) A condition in which the intestines become completely blocked or occluded.


melancholia

en-noun

melancholia (countable and uncountable, plural melancholias)

From Late Latin melancholia, which was in turn borrowed from the Ancient Greek medical term μελαγχολία (melankholía, “blackness of the bile”), from μέλας (mélas), μελαν- (melan-, “black, dark, murky”) + χολή (kholḗ, “bile”). Doublet of melancholy.

(pathology) depression, characterised by irrational fears, guilt and apathy


puerperal fever

puerperal fever (countable and uncountable, plural puerperal fevers)

It was the rise of penicillin, not improved hygiene, that finally conquered puerperal fever.

2019, Bill Bryson, The Body: A Guide for Occupants, Black Swan (2020), page 344:

(pathology, obstetrics) A fever, following childbirth or abortion, due to infection of the uterus.


scarlatina

scarlatina (usually uncountable, plural scarlatinas)


-cephaly

From French -céphalie, German -zephalie, or Latin -cephalia, from Ancient Greek κεφαλή (kephalḗ, “head”) and a suffix: French -ie, German -ie, or Latin -ia.


racemose

From Latin racēmōsus (“full of clusters”), from racēmus (“cluster, bunch”).

(pathology, of a disease) expressing such a pattern


methenamine

methenamine (countable and uncountable, plural methenamines)

methenamines (plural)
urotropin (alternative)
urotropine (alternative)

methenamine silver
methenamine silver#English

(pathology) Synonym of methenamine silver.


vasculitis

vasculitis (countable and uncountable, plural vasculitises or vasculitides)

vasculitises (plural)
vasculitides (plural)

(pathology) A group of diseases featuring inflammation of the wall of blood vessels.


syrinx

/sɪˈɹɪnd͡ʒiːz/

Learned borrowing from Latin sȳrinx (“reed; reed pipe, panpipes”), from Ancient Greek σῦριγξ (sûrinx, “panpipes; pipe-shaped object”), from Pre-Greek. Doublet of syringe.
The plural form syringes is a learned borrowing from Latin sȳringes.

der

The division of fluid-filled cavities, or syrinxes, into those lined with ependyma (hydromyelia) and those not so lined (syringomyelia) is probably somewhat artificial.

1989, Margaret M[iriam] Esiri, D. R. Oppenheimer, “The Cut-up”, in Diagnostic Neuropathology: A Practical Manual, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Blackwell Scientific Publications, →ISBN, page 32, column 2:

The myelin around the syrinx shows changes similar to edematous white matter, probably due to tearing of the tissues and transudation of serous fluid into them.

1990, W[alter] J[osef] Huk, “Malformations of the CNS [Central Nervous System]”, in W. J. Huk, G[ünther] Gademann, G[erd] Friedmann [et al.], translated by Terry Telger, Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Central Nervous System Diseases: Functional Anatomy—Imaging—Neurological Symptoms—Pathology, Berlin; Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg: Springer, →ISBN, part IV (Special Topics), page 164, column 1:

A syrinx (Latin, "tube") is a neuroglial cell-lined, fluid-filled cavity ("syringomyelia" in the spinal cord; "syringobulbia" in the brain stem) possibly due to an accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid, genetic malformations, or the proliferation and subsequent regression of embryonic cell nests. A syrinx within the central canal interrupts the decussating spinothalamic tract fibers resulting in bilateral loss of pain and temperature sensations around the level of the lesion.

2024, N. Nevin, M. M. Danzi, E. Ulanowski, M. R. Wiegand, “Orthopaedic Neurology”, in Jeffrey D. Placzek, David A. Boyce, editors, Orthopaedic Physical Therapy Secrets, 4th edition, St. Louis, Mo.: Elsevier Health Sciences, →ISBN, page 161:

(neurology, pathology) Any of several abnormal tube-shaped structures in the body, especially a rare, fluid-filled neuroglial cavity in the brain stem or within the spinal cord.

фистула

any of several abnormal tube-shaped structures in the body


tabes dorsalis

en-noun

tabes dorsalis (countable and uncountable, plural tabes dorsales)

From tabes + dorsalis, "tabes of the back".

(pathology) tabes of the back; a degeneration of the sensory neurons of the spinal cord carrying afferent information.


narco

I too am a narco. Have been for about 10 years.

1998 January 6, “Not many postings?”, in alt.support.narcolepsy (Usenet):

Besides, staying awake on your first day at a new job is definitely NOT a problem (unless you're a narco or something...).

1999 February 1, Sean Flynn, “Life's dilemmas - sometimes, they ARE a bitch..”, in rec.music.hip-hop (Usenet):

Apneics, Others, and Narcos all gossip merrily on the walk back to our cabins.

2007, Karen Russell, St. Lucy's Home for Girls Raised by Wolves, →ISBN, page 62:

(pathology) Someone suffering from narcolepsy


hypothyroidism

hypothyroidism (countable and uncountable, plural hypothyroidisms)

/ˌhaɪpəˈθaɪɹɔɪˌdɪzəm/

/ˌhaɪpəʊˈθaɪɹɔɪˌdɪzəm/

Coined some time between 1900 and 1905 from hypo- (“under”) + thyroid + -ism.

(pathology) The disease state caused by insufficient production of thyroid hormone by the thyroid gland.

甲状腺機能低下症

こうじょうせんきのうていかしょう


hypoglycemic

en-adj

hypoglycemic (comparative more hypoglycemic, superlative most hypoglycemic)

more hypoglycemic (comparative)
most hypoglycemic (superlative)
hypoglycaemic (alternative)
hypoglycæmic (alternative)

(pathology) Suffering from hypoglycemia.


Parkinson's

Parkinson's disease
Parkinson's disease#English

(informal, neurology, pathology) Ellipsis of Parkinson's disease.


endocarditis

en-noun

endocarditis (countable and uncountable, plural endocarditides or endocarditises)

endocarditides (plural)
endocarditises (plural)

(pathology, cardiology) An inflammation of the endocardium and sometimes also the heart valves.


debark

en-verb

debark (third-person singular simple present debarks, present participle debarking, simple past and past participle debarked)

debarks (present singular third-person)
debarking (participle present)
debarked (participle past)
debarked (past)

From de- + bark (“(of a dog) make the noise”).

prefix

(transitive, veterinary medicine) To devocalize (a dog).


tinea

en-noun

tinea (countable and uncountable, plural tineas or tineae)

Her knees were ingrained with dirt, her toes raw with tinea, her fingernails black and broken.

1985, Peter Carey, Illywhacker, Faber and Faber, published 2003, page 6:

(pathology) A fungal infection of the skin, known generally as ringworm.


pathogenomics

(genetics, pathology) genomic research on pathogenic microorganisms


hypercapnia

hypercapnia (usually uncountable, plural hypercapnias)

From hyper- + capn- + -ia; more at capno- § Etymology.

(medicine, pathology) The condition of abnormally elevated carbon dioxide in the blood.

فرط ثنائي أكسيد الكربون في الدم

condition of having an abnormally high concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood


otalgic

(pathology, pharmacology) Of or pertaining to otalgia.


reflux

reflux (countable and uncountable, plural refluxes)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-reflux.wav

(pathology) The leaking of stomach acid up into the oesophagus.


histoplasmosis

histoplasmosis (countable and uncountable, plural histoplasmoses)

(pathology) A lung disease caused by a fungus, Histoplasma capsulatum, often asymptomatic otherwise with symptoms similar to those of flu.


hyperglycemia

hyperglycemia (countable and uncountable, plural hyperglycemias)

hyperglycemias (plural)
hyperglycaemia (alternative)
hyperglycæmia (alternative)

From hyper- + glycemia or hyper- + glyc + -emia.

(pathology) An unusually high concentration of sugar in the blood

glycemia

polysemic; may be hypernym, synonym, or coordinate term, depending on sense used


ketosis

ketosis (countable and uncountable, plural ketoses)

(pathology) A metabolic state in which the body produces ketones to be used as fuel by some organs so that glycogen can be reserved for organs that depend on it. This condition occurs during times of fasting, starvation, or while on a ketogenic diet.

酮病

metabolic state involving production of ketones


low-grade

en-adj

low-grade (comparative lower grade, superlative lowest grade)

lower grade (comparative)
lowest grade (superlative)
low grade (alternative)
lowgrade (alternative)

These studies have identified a novel role for MLKL in aging, revealing a delay in the age-related reduction in circulating lymphocytes and a protection from chronic, low-grade, sterile inflammation in female Mlkl^(–/–) aged mice.

2023 February 8, Emma C. Tovey Crutchfield, Sarah E. Garnish, Jessica Day, Holly Anderton, Shene Chiou, Anne Hempel, Cathrine Hall, Komal M. Patel, Pradnya Gangatirkar, Katherine R. Martin, Connie S. N. Li Wai Suen, , Alexandra L. Garnham, Andrew J. Kueh, Ian P. Wicks, John Silke, Ueli Nachbur, Andre L. Samson, James M. Murphy, Joanne M. Hildebrand, “MLKL deficiency protects against low-grade, sterile inflammation in aged mice”, in Cell Death & Differentiation, volume 30, →DOI, pages 1059–1071:

Elevated cytokine levels in chronic viral infections are attributed to a number of stimuli. In HIV infection, chronic activation has been linked to ongoing low-grade viral replication, presence of opportunistic infections, and microbial translocation.

2023 June 29, Elizabeth S. Mayne, Jaya A. George, Susan Louw, “Assessing Biomarkers in Viral Infection”, in Application of Omic Techniques to Identify New Biomarkers and Drug Targets for COVID-19, Springer, →DOI, →ISBN, pages 159–173:

Clinical Presentation
Patients with septic arthritis or osteomyelitis classically present acutely with localized pain and swelling, joint stiffness, low-grade fever, chills, anorexia, and malaise.

2024 May 31, Shuliang Ge, Jinhang Wen, Swee-Tian Quek, Wilfred C. G. Peh, “Imaging of Shoulder Infection”, in Medical Radiology, Springer, →DOI, pages 1–22:


Crohn's disease

Named after gastroenterologist Burrill Bernard Crohn, who described patients with the condition in 1932.

Inexplicably the prevalence of Crohn's disease seems to be increasing in some parts of the world and declining in others.

1989, R. A. Cawson et al., Pathology: The mechanisms of disease, Mosby, page 333:

Other systemic disorders associated with Crohn's disease include gallstones, kidney stones, osteoporosis, liver disorders, vascular problems, and psychiatric disorders.

1993, Dorothy Beckley Doughty, Debra Broadwell Jackson, Gastrointestinal Disorders, Part 732, Mosby, page 108:

Patients with Crohn's disease can develop zinc deficiency and subsequent acrodermatitis enteropathica (Chapter 6).

2001, Bruce R. Smoller, Thomas D. Horn, Dermatopathology in Systemic Disease, Oxford University Press, page 65:

(pathology) Crohn’s regional enteritis, a chronic inflammatory disease that can involve any part of the digestive tract from the mouth to the anus.


acne vulgaris

(pathology) An inflammatory disease of the skin, caused by changes in the pilosebaceous units.


allo-

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-allo-.wav

From Ancient Greek ἄλλος (állos, “other”), from Proto-Hellenic *áľľos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂élyos (English else).

allolalia

allochromasia

allorhythmia

Different, distinct, or other with respect to the root.

(pathology) Abnormal, defective with respect to the root.


presbycusis

(otolaryngology, pathology) Inability of the ears, due to aging, to perceive and focus on high-pitched sounds.

presbyacousie

inability to focus on high-pitched sounds


valvulitis

en-noun

valvulitis (usually uncountable, plural valvulitides)

(pathology) Inflammation of a valve, especially a heart valve.


dikkop

From Afrikaans dikkop, from dik (“thick”) + kop (“head”).

Dik-kop in a Carriage Horse.— The day before I was called in the horse had been driven about twelve miles.

1901 April 12, “Veterinary Departmental Report for February, 1901”, in The Agricultural Journal and Mining Record, volume 4, number 3, page 85:

(South Africa, pathology) A viral infection of horses causing swelling of parts of the head.


ichthyosis

ichthyosis (countable and uncountable, plural ichthyoses)

/ɪkθɪˈəʊsɪs/

A well-marked case of pseudo-leprosy or ichthyosis, a scale-like affection of the skin, unsightly, obstinate, but possibly curable, and certainly non-infective.

1926, Arthur Conan Doyle, The Adventure of the Blanched Soldier, Norton, published 2005, page 1506:

(pathology) A disease which gives the sufferer a dry, scaly skin.

ictiosi

disease which gives the sufferer dry scaly skin


meningocele

(pathology) A form of spina bifida in which a meningeal sac of cerebrospinal fluid protrudes through the skull.


adrenalitis

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-adrenalitis.wav

(pathology) Inflammation of one or both adrenal glands, leading to an insufficiency of cortisol and/or aldosterone.

adrenalitis

inflammation of one or both adrenal glands


rickety

en-adj

rickety (comparative ricketier or more rickety, superlative ricketiest or most rickety)

ricketier (comparative)
more rickety (comparative)
ricketiest (superlative)
most rickety (superlative)
ricketty (alternative)
rickedy (alternative)

From dialectal ricket (“unstable, rickety”) + -y, and/or ricket (“to move noisily and in a reckless way”) + -y.
Alternatively, and perhaps less likely, from rickets + -y.

suf

(pathology) Affected with or suffering from rickets; rachitic.


dystopic

en-adj

dystopic (comparative more dystopic, superlative most dystopic)

more dystopic (comparative)
most dystopic (superlative)


monophasia

(pathology) A type of aphasia where the sufferer is only able to speak a single word or sentence.


hemochromatosis

en-noun

hemochromatosis (countable and uncountable, plural hemochromatoses)

hemochromatoses (plural)
haematochromatosis (alternative)
hæmatochromatosis (alternative)
hematochromatosis (alternative)
haemochromatosis (alternative)
hæmochromatosis (alternative)

/ˌhiːmə(ʊ)ˌkɹəʊməˈtəʊsɪs/

From hemo- (“blood”) + chromat- (“color”) + -osis (“disease”), from the changing color of blood affected by the disorder.

affix

Sometimes, it’s not the potential for big profits that restricts access to a gene test, but just the opposite-lack of commercial incentive. In 1996, a Stanford University research team found the gene for hemochromatosis, a little-known disease in which the blood absorbs abnormally high levels of iron from the diet.

2001, Arthur Allen, “Who Owns My Disease?”, in Mother Jones:

She flips another page and says, “Oh, now this is interesting.” Apparently I carry one of the two genetic mutations required to develop hemochromatosis, an iron-overload disorder that destroys the liver.

2005, Michael Rosenwald, “Will You Be Able to Predict—And Prevent—Your Disease?”, in Popular Science, volume 267, number 3, page 63:

Even if the two diseases in such a pair are clinically dissimilar, the primary pathophysiological events could overlap substantially (e.g., increased intestinal iron absorption in nutritional anemia and hemochromatosis).

2012, Mohammadali M. Shoja, R. Shane Tubbs, Alireza Ghaffari, Marios Loukas, Paul S. Agutter, “Rethinking the Origin of Chronic Diseases”, in BioScience, volume 62, number 5, Oxford UP, →DOI, page 470:

(pathology) A metabolic disorder causing iron deposits in the body.


familial

From French familial (“relating to a family; familial”), from Latin familia (“family (in the sense of the slaves working for a household); household”) (from famulus (“servant; slave”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dʰh₁-m-eló-, from *dʰeh₁- (“to do, place, put”)) + French -al (adjective-forming suffix) (from Latin -ālis, from Proto-Indo-European *-li-). Doublet of familiar.

der

fatal familial insomnia

Cerebral CMs [cavernous malformations] are, for the majority of cases, sporadic lesions. However, familial incidences have been documented for quite some time. In 1928, Kufs reported two cases: an 81-year-old man who presented with "multiple intercranial nodular telangiectases," and his daughter, suspected of harboring a lesion in the pons.

1993, Frank P. K. Hsu, Daniele Rigamonti, Stephen L. Huhn, “Epidemiology of Cavernous Malformations”, in Issam A. Awad, Daniel L. Barrow, editors, Cavernous Malformations, Park Ridge, Ill.: American Association of Neurological Surgeons, →ISBN, page 15, column 2:

Familial history of cerebral aneurysms in several families has been reported. […] To determine whether familial history is a risk factor, [Wouter] Schievink et al conducted a community-based study of familial aneurysmal SAH [subarachnoid hemorrhage].

1997, James C. Torner, Patricia H. Davis, “Epidemiology and Clinical Manifestations of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage”, in Joshua B. Bederson, editor, Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Pathophysiology and Management (Neurosurgical Topics), Park Ridge, Ill.: American Association of Neurological Surgeons, →ISBN, page 12, column 2:


LDA

en-noun

LDA (countable and uncountable, plural LDAs)

(veterinary) Initialism of left-displaced abomasum.


azoturia

azoturia (usually uncountable, plural azoturias)

(veterinary medicine) A condition that affects the muscles of horses, ranging from stiffness and mild cramps to the horse becoming unable to stand, with discoloured urine


drench

From Middle English drench, drenche (“beverage, drink; cup of drink, specifically a poisoned drink; medicinal potion, specifically an emetic (?)”) [and other forms], from Old English drenċ (“drink; draft, potion; dose (of medicine, poison, etc.)”), from Proto-West Germanic *dranki, from Proto-Germanic *drankiz (“drink; potion; dose”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *dʰrenǵ- (“to draw, pull; to gulp; to sip”). Doublet of drink (noun).
Cognates
* Gothic 𐌳𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌺 (draggk), 𐌳𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌺 (dragk, “beverage, drink”)
* Old Dutch *dranc, (Middle Dutch dranc, modern Dutch drank (“beverage, drink”))
* Old High German tranc, tranch (Middle High German tranc, modern German Trank (“drink; potion”))
* Old Saxon dranc

nb...

drænc, drænce, drenc, drencche, drence, dreinch, drenke, drunch

inh

O my ſvveet Harry ſaies ſhe! hovv manie haſt thou kild to day? Giue my roane horſe a drench (ſayes hee) and aunſvveres ſome foureteene, an houre after: a trifle, a trifle.

c. 1597 (date written), [William Shakespeare], The History of Henrie the Fourth; […], quarto edition, London: […] P[eter] S[hort] for Andrew Wise, […], published 1598, →OCLC, [Act II, scene iv], signature D3, recto:

It [siler] ſtaieth the gurrie or running out of the belly in foure-footed beaſts, vvhether it bee given ſtamped by vvay of a drench and ſo injected, or chevved drie among their meat vvith ſalt.

1601, C[aius] Plinius Secundus [i.e., Pliny the Elder], “[Book XX.] Of the Serpentine Cucumber, Called otherwise the Wandering Cucumber: Also of the Garden Cucumbers, Melons or Pompions.”, in Philemon Holland, transl., The Historie of the World. Commonly Called, The Naturall Historie of C. Plinius Secundus. […], 2nd tome, London: […] Adam Islip, →OCLC, page 41:

A Drench of VVine has vvith ſucceſs been us'd; / And through a Horn, the gen'rous Juice infus'd: / VVhich timely taken op'd his cloſing Javvs; / But, if too late, the Patient's [a horse's] death did cauſe.

1697, Virgil, “The Third Book of the Georgics”, in John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC, page 119:

(veterinary medicine) A dose or draught of liquid medicine administered to an animal.

annos

dose or draught of medicine administered to an animal


drench

en-verb

drench (third-person singular simple present drenches, present participle drenching, simple past and past participle drenched)

drenches (present singular third-person)
drenching (participle present)
drenched (participle past)
drenched (past)
drench (infinitive)
drench (first-person present singular)
drenched (first-person past singular)
drencht (archaic first-person past singular)
drench (present second-person singular)
drenchest (archaic present second-person singular)
drenched (past second-person singular)
drenchedst (archaic past second-person singular)
drencht (archaic past second-person singular)
drenches (present singular third-person)
drencheth (archaic present singular third-person)
drenched (past singular third-person)
drencht (archaic past singular third-person)
drench (plural present)
drenched (past plural)
drencht (archaic past plural)
drench (present subjunctive)
drenched (past subjunctive)
drencht (archaic past subjunctive)
drench (imperative present)
drenching (participle present)
drenched (participle past)
drencht (archaic participle past)

The verb is derived from Middle English drenchen, drench (“to drown; to flood, inundate; to consume (drink or food); to give (someone) a drink; to poison (someone) with a drink; to immerse, soak, drench; to descend, fall, sink; to penetrate, permeate; (figurative) to engulf, overwhelm”) [and other forms], from Old English drenċan (“to give (someone) a drink; to immerse, soak, drench”), from Proto-West Germanic *drankijan, from Proto-Germanic *drankijaną (“to cause (someone) to drink”), the causative of *drinkaną (“to drink”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *dʰrenǵ- (“to draw, pull; to gulp; to sip”). Doublet of drink (verb).
The noun is derived from the verb (sense 1.2).
Cognates
* Old High German trenchen (modern German tränken (“to give a drink; to water”))
* Old Norse drekkja, drenkja (Swedish dränka)
* Old Saxon dręnkian (Dutch drenke (“to get a drink”))

nb...

dreinche, dreinchen, drenche, drengen, drensche, drenshen, drinche, drynche

juottaa

to cause (someone) to drink; to provide (someone) with a drink; to administer a dose or draught of liquid medicine to (an animal), often by force

To cause (someone) to drink; to provide (someone) with a drink.

(specifically, veterinary medicine) To administer a dose or draught of liquid medicine to (an animal), often by force.


bends

decompression sickness
decompression sickness#English

(underwater diving, pathology, usually with the) Synonym of decompression sickness.


keratoconus

(pathology) A degenerative non-inflammatory disorder of the eye in which structural changes within the cornea cause it to thin and change to a more conical shape than its normal even curve.


PAH

(pathology) Initialism of pulmonary arterial hypertension.


keloid

keloids (plural)
cheloid (alternative dated)

19th century, from French chéloïde, from Ancient Greek χηλή (khēlḗ, “hoof”) and -oid.

It gave her otherwise plain face a broken excitement and blue-blade threat like the keloid scar of the razored man who sometimes played checkers with her grandmother.

(pathology) A hard raised growth of scar tissue at the site of an injury.


keloid

en-verb

keloid (third-person singular simple present keloids, present participle keloiding, simple past and past participle keloided)

keloids (present singular third-person)
keloiding (participle present)
keloided (participle past)
keloided (past)
cheloid (alternative dated)

The scar on his neck from running through that plate glass on one of our licks has keloided smooth and shiny.

2013, Ann Pearlman, Colton Simpson, Inside the Crips: Life Inside L.A.'s Most Notorious Gang:

(pathology, intransitive) To form a keloid.


valley fever

(pathology) Coccidioidomycosis, a mammalian fungal disease caused by Coccidioides immitis or Coccidioides posadasii.


silicosis

en-noun

silicosis (countable and uncountable, plural silicoses)

Well, minin’ is a hazard in Hazard, Kentucky, and if you ain’t minin’ there, well, my friends, you’re awful lucky, ‘Cause if you don’t get silicosis, or pay that’s just atrocious, you’ll be screamin’ for a union that will care

(pathology) A disease of the lungs caused by the inhalation of crystalline silica dust.


restenosis

restenosis (countable and uncountable, plural restenoses)

/ˌɹiːstɪˈnəʊsɪs/

Marathe's wife was dying slowly of ventricular restenosis.

1996, David Foster Wallace, Infinite Jest […], Boston, Mass., New York, N.Y.: Little, Brown and Company, →ISBN, page 126:

(pathology) The recurrence of stenosis, especially that of an artery.


stenosis

stenosis (countable and uncountable, plural stenoses)

From New Latin stenōsis, from Ancient Greek στένωσις (sténōsis, “narrowing”), from στενόω (stenóō, “to confine, to contract”) + -σις (-sis, nominal suffix), equivalent to steno- + -osis.

af

(medicine, pathology) An abnormal narrowing or stricture in a blood vessel or other tubular organ.


scur

(veterinary) A distorted horn, regrown after the disbudding operation of a goat, sheep, or cow.


myocarditis

en-noun

myocarditis (countable and uncountable, plural myocardites or myocarditides or myocarditises)

myocardites (plural)
myocarditides (plural)
myocarditises (plural)

(pathology, cardiology) Inflammation of the myocardium.


chlorosis

chlorosis (countable and uncountable, plural chloroses)

From international scientific vocabulary, from New Latin; by surface analysis, chlor- + -osis, where chlor- in this instance refers to pale yellow-green colorations and not to chlorine.

Chlorosis (medicine)
Chlorosis (plant disorder)

jaundice

also involves pale and yellowish complexions

en:yellowing of plants from chlorophyll disturbances

(botany, phytopathology, uncountable) A yellowing of plant tissue due to loss or absence of chlorophyll.


cerebral palsy

cerebral palsy (countable and uncountable, plural cerebral palsies)

(neurology, pathology) A group of non-progressive, non-contagious conditions, caused by brain damage before birth or during infancy, characterized by impairment of muscular coordination.


actinic keratosis

actinic keratosis (plural actinic keratoses)

Approximately 1:1000 actinic keratoses per year will develop into a squamous cell carcinoma (28). Risk factors for the development of actinic keratosis include ease of sunburning and cumulative sun exposure (30).

2001, Steven M. Ruhoy, Alan R. Silverman, “26: Pathology of Selected Skin Lesions of the Head and Neck: II: Actinic Keratosis”, in Leon Barnes, editor, Surgical Pathology of the Head and Neck, volume 3, page 1797:

The term actinic keratosis has traditionally been used in both human and veterinary literature; however solar keratosis is a more accurate term because these lesions are associated with chronic exposure to solar radiation.[…]American Staffordshire terriers, beagles, basset hounds, bull terriers and dalmatians are reported to be at increased risk of developing actinic keratoses.

2002, Randall C. Thomas, Leslie R. Fox, “Chapter 32: Tumors of the Skin and Subcutis”, in Wallace B. Morrison, editor, Cancer in Dogs and Cats: Medical and Surgical Management, page 472:

Actinic keratoses occur in sun-exposed areas: the face, dorsum of the hands and forearms, neck, upper back, and chest.[…]An actinic keratosis is rough, scaling, and ill marginated; it is often easier felt than seen.

2013, James G. Marks Jr., Jeffrey J. Miller, Lookingbill and Marks' Principles of Dermatology, 5th edition, page 43:

(medicine, pathology, dermatology) A potentially precancerous skin lesion, typically on the upper portion of the head, characterized by discolored, thickened or scaly growths of keratin and caused by repeated exposure to ultraviolet light, such as from sunlight or tanning beds.

تقران سفعي/تقرن سفعي

skin lesion characterized by discolored, thickened growths of keratin


hemimegaloencephaly

(pathology) A condition where one hemisphere of the brain grows faster or larger than the other, causing neurological impairment.


necrotic

en-adj

necrotic (comparative more necrotic, superlative most necrotic)

more necrotic (comparative)
most necrotic (superlative)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-necrotic.wav

(pathology) Of or pertaining to necrosis, particularly of tissue.


pellagra

en-noun

pellagra (countable and uncountable, plural pellagras)

From Lombard pellagra, probably from Latin pellis (“skin”) + Lombard -agra (“sour”).

In 1755 the French physician Gaspar Casal (1680–1759) published an account of pellagra, then a new disease in Spain.

1997, Roy Porter, The Greatest Benefit to Mankind, Folio Society, published 2016, page 531:

Mixing the alkali into the recipe in the right way chemically releases the otherwise unavailable niacin in the corn, which stops pellagra in its tracks, and allowed corn-based agricultural populations to grow and spread.

2016, Joseph Henrich, chapter 7, in The Secret of Our Success […] , Princeton: Princeton University Press, →ISBN:

(pathology) A disease characterised by skin lesions and mental confusion, primarily caused by a niacin deficiency.


breakbone fever

Coinage attributed to Benjamin Rush because of the symptoms of myalgia and arthralgia.


autoimmunity

autoimmunity (countable and uncountable, plural autoimmunities)

This can be demonstrated in NOD mice in which a point mutation in the autoimmune regulator (Aire) gene results in the reduced expression of P0 in the thymus and a concomitant increase of P0 specific T cells in the periphery. 107 Similarly, autoimmunity is shifted towards the peripheral nerve in another NOD model deficient for isoforms of ICAM-1. 108 Altered expression of ICAM-1 on thymic epithelial cells transforms selection of T cells from a diabetogenic into a neuritogenic repertoire. 108 Studies such as these highlight the critical role of regulatory mechanisms in maintaining immune homeostasis and the impact that changes to regulation can have on the development of disease.

2015 February 12, Emily K Mathey et al., “Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy: from pathology to phenotype”, in Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, volume 86, →DOI:

Iberdomide, a cereblon modulator promoting degradation of the transcription factors Ikaros and Aiolos, which affect leukocyte development and autoimmunity, is being evaluated for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

2022 March 17, Joan T. Merrill, Victoria P. Werth, Richard Furie et al., “Phase 2 Trial of Iberdomide in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus”, in The New England Journal of Medicine, volume 386, number 11, →DOI, page 1034:

(pathology, immunology) The condition where one's immune system attacks one's own tissues, i.e., an autoimmune disorder.

autoimmunitat

condition where the immune system attacks the body's own tissues


autoimmune

/ˌɔːtəʊɪˈmjuːn/

(pathology, immunology) Of or pertaining to autoimmunity.


hemorrhoid

hemorrhoids (plural)
haemorrhoid (alternative)
hæmorrhoid (alternative)

From Middle English emerowdes, emeroides, emeroydez, from Old French emorroides, from Latin haemorrhoidae, from Ancient Greek αἱμορροΐς (haimorrhoḯs),
a feminine adjective from αἱμόρροος (haimórrhoos, “flowing with blood”), from αἷμα (haîma, “blood”) and the root of ῥέω (rhéō, “flow”). Doublet of emerod.

(pathology, often in the plural) An engorged, dilated and easily broken varicosity in the perianal area, often accompanied by intense itching and throbbing pain: piles.


emesis

emesis (countable and uncountable, plural emeses)

From Ancient Greek ἔμεσις (émesis), from ἐμέω (eméō, “vomit”). Compare ἔμετος (émetos, “vomit”, noun). Synchronically held to end in the suffix -esis.

Syrup of ipecac almost always forces an emesis.

A female, aged 57 years, was left affected with abdominal dropsy after an attack of fever. On the 3d of March, 1836, she took 6 drops of croton oil, and in the substances rejected by emeses, four living caterpillars were perceived at first, and subsequently ten others.

1837 May 7, “Living Caterpillars in the Human Intestines”, in Southern Medical and Surgical Journal, volume I, number 12, page 747:

Information included coexisting diseases, alcohol misuse, other substance misuse, medications taken at the same time as antituberculosis treatment (focusing on antiretroviral and azole antifungal agents), and the presence of gastrointentinal symptoms (nausea, emesis, diarrhoea, abdominal pain).

1996 October 5, Williamson Z. Bradford et al., “The changing epidemiology of acquired drug-resistant tuberculosis in San Francisco, USA”, in The Lancet, volume 348, number 9032, →PMID, page 929:

Several nurses stood outside the doors holding clipboards and dispensing yellow plastic emesis basins to a restless line of a least^([sic]) a dozen patients in long sleeves, heavy trousers, and work boots.

2010, Candace Calvert, chapter 1, in Disaster Status, Carol Stream: Tyndale House Publishers, page 7:

(pathology) The act or process of vomiting.


Belyando spew

Ultimately of Australian Aboriginal derivation; named for the Belyando River of central Queensland.
The expression dates from no later 1891, from when it was in use in a shearer′s song.

Filariasis, anchylostomiasis, tropical anaemias, and the many and varied tropical disorders, from malaria and dengue to Barcoo rot and Belyando spew, await the application of modern research methods to place them on the necessary footing to render prophylaxis and treatment more satisfactory[…].

1908, Australasian Medical Association, Australasian Medical Gazette: The Journal of the Australasian branches of the British Medical Association, volume 27, page 25:

(Australia, slang, pathology, obsolete) An illness afflicting shearers, characterised by vomiting after meals and presumed to have been due to the hard work of shearing bent over in stifling heat (though more likely due to a local grass).


HACE

high-altitude cerebral edema
w:high-altitude cerebral edema

(pathology) Initialism of high-altitude cerebral edema.


preeclampsia

preeclampsia (usually uncountable, plural preeclampsias)

preeclampsias (plural)
pre-eclampsia (alternative)
preëclampsia (alternative)

(pathology) A complication of pregnancy, affecting about 2-20% of women, depending on location, characterized by hypertension and damage to the linings of the blood vessels of the brain, liver, lungs and kidneys, which can lead to multiple organ failure, convulsions, coma and death. The only cure is delivery of the child.


eclampsia

eclampsia (usually uncountable, plural eclampsias)

eclampsias (plural)
eclampsy (alternative)

Borrowed from New Latin eclampsia, from French éclampsie, from Ancient Greek ἔκλᾰμψῐς (éklămpsĭs, “sudden development, violent onset”, literally “brightness”), from ἐκλᾰ́μπω (eklắmpō, “to shine or beam forth; to burst forth violently”) + -σῐς (-sĭs, nominal suffix).

af

(pathology) A complication of pregnancy characterized by seizures and coma due to hypertension.


coxy

Phonetic respelling of a clipping of coccidiosis.

Now your laying birds, too, can have protection against cecal coccidiosis. AMPROL* SOLUTION can be safely given to all chickens at the first sign of coxy or when a diagnosis of coccidiosis has been made.

1967, Canadian Poultry Review, volume 91, page 6:

(veterinary medicine, informal) Coccidiosis.


syphilitic

One can try hunting syphilitic treponemes directly by having skin irregularities […] biopsied and subjected to a silver-staining test.

1988 April 16, Mike Smith, “AIDS and Syphilis”, in Gay Community News, page 5:

(pathology) Of, relating to, or infected with syphilis.


dry rot

dryrot (alternative)
dry-rot (alternative)

(phytopathology) A fungal infection which affects plants, in particular potatoes.


phthisic

en-noun

phthisic (countable and uncountable, plural phthisics)

phthisics (plural)
phthisick (alternative obsolete)
tisick (alternative obsolete)
phthisique (alternative dated)
tisic (alternative dated)
tizzic (alternative nonstandard)
tizzick (alternative nonstandard)
tissick (alternative nonstandard)

From Middle English tisike, from Anglo-Norman, from Latin phthisicus (“suffering from tuberculosis”), from Ancient Greek φθισικός (phthisikós, “consumptive”), from φθίσις (phthísis, “tuberculosis, consumption”).

der

(pathology) A wasting illness of the lungs, such as asthma or tuberculosis; consumption; phthisis.

(pathology, formerly) Any wasting disease.


root rot

en-noun

root rot (countable and uncountable, plural root rots)

root rots (plural)
rootrot (alternative)

(phytopathology) Any of several plant fungal diseases caused by having overwet roots.


screen test

screen tests (plural)
screentest (alternative)
screen-test (alternative)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-screen test.wav

(chemistry, pathology) A test for the presence of a particular substance; such a test that by extension tests for a particular organism or medical condition.


screen test

en-verb

screen test (third-person singular simple present screen tests, present participle screen testing, simple past and past participle screen tested)

screen tests (present singular third-person)
screen testing (participle present)
screen tested (participle past)
screen tested (past)
screentest (alternative)
screen-test (alternative)

He testified Moses' that^([sic – meaning that Moses']) blood screen tested positive for cocaine metabolites and Moses' urine screen tested positive for cocaine.

2004, West's Hawai'i Reports: Cases Decided in the Supreme Court, Intermediate Court of Appeals, Volume 103, West Publishing Company, page 118:

(chemistry, pathology) To test for a particular substance, organism or medical condition by means of a screen test.


diplopia

en-noun

diplopia (countable and uncountable, plural diplopias)

diplopias (plural)
diplopy (alternative)

As for Bodhidharma the only painting extant is too late to have been done from life. The sage’s eyes are crossed from his exertions. Diplopia giving the impression of the pineal eye, the Third Eye in full flower.

1985, Lawrence Durrell, chapter 3, in Quinx, New York: Viking, page 61:

That doctor also noted the diplopia and sent her for a CT scan.

2018 December 13, Lisa Sanders, M.D., “Why Was the Woman Having Trouble Seeing, if Her Eyes Were Fine?”, in The New York Times Magazine:

(pathology) An ophthalmologic condition where one perceives two images for a single object; double vision.


speech disorder

speech disorder (plural speech disorders)

(pathology) Any mental or bodily malfunction that makes expressing oneself by speech difficult.


splint

From Middle English splint, splent, splente, from Middle Low German splinte, splente or Middle Dutch splint, splinte. Cognate with Old High German splinza (“bar, bolt, latch”). All ultimately from Proto-Germanic *splintǭ, *splintō (“piece of wood, splinter”), from Proto-Germanic *splint-, *splind- (“to split”), from a nasalized form of *splītaną (“to split”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)pley- (“to split, splice”).

der

(zootomy, veterinary medicine) A disease affecting the splint bones, as a callosity or hard excrescence.


aphtha

en-noun

aphtha (countable and uncountable, plural aphthae)

From Ancient Greek ἄφθα (áphtha, “mouth ulcer”).

der

(pathology) Candidiasis, oral thrush, thrush (fungal infection of the mucous membranes of the mouth caused by any species of yeast from the genus Candida).

Foot-and-mouth disease
foot-and-mouth disease

(veterinary medicine) Foot-and-mouth disease.


tethered

(veterinary medicine) Tied, strapped, especially with tethers or hobbles.


rheumatic fever

en-noun

rheumatic fever (countable and uncountable, plural rheumatic fevers)

(pathology) An inflammation of the joints and the heart following a respiratory infection with streptococcus.


granuloma

granuloma (plural granulomas or granulomata)

granulomas (plural)
granulomata (plural)

From granule + -oma. Among the many words derived from -oma that are in current common use, this word is one of only a few that do not denote a neoplasm; another is hematoma.

(pathology) an inflammatory nodule consisting of histiocytes (macrophages) attempting to wall off substances they perceive as foreign but are unable to eliminate, such as certain infectious organisms as well as other materials such as foreign objects, keratin and suture fragments.


Rift Valley fever

(pathology) A mosquito-borne, acute, febrile, viral disease of humans and animals, caused by an RNA virus of the genus Phlebovirus, which occurs in northern and eastern Africa.


RVF

Rift Valley fever
Rift Valley fever#English

(pathology) Initialism of Rift Valley fever.


black spot

black spot (countable and uncountable, plural black spots)

black spots (plural)
blackspot (alternative)

In areas where black spot is only a problem after heavy rain or later in the season, restrict spraying to these times, or if yellowing or spotted foliage is detected.

2006, Mary Moody, Mary Moody's Roses, Allen & Unwin, →ISBN, page 20:

(phytopathology, uncountable) A fungal disease among plants, particularly roses, that results in black spots on the leaves.


xenozoonosis

(pathology) An infectious disease transmitted from animal to human by transplantation of an animal tissue or organ into human body.


Ondine's curse

According to French and German mythology, the nymph Ondine/Undine discovered that her husband had committed adultery. Because he had promised his every waking breath to her, she cursed him that so long as he was awake he could breathe, but if he ever fell asleep he would stop breathing and die.

Ondine’s curse—more appropriately known as congenital central hypoventilation syndrome, or CCHS—is a rare, severe form of sleep apnea in which an individual completely stops breathing when falling asleep.

2020 June 9, Brandon Peters, MD, “What Is Ondine's Curse?”, in Ondine's Curse Symptoms and Treatment:

(pathology) A medical condition marked by malfunction of the nerves that control involuntary body functions, causing breathing to require conscious effort and therefore meaning patients will die if they fall asleep.

syndrome d'Ondine

medical condition, sufferers of which stop breathing if they fall asleep


schistosomiasis

schistosomiasis (countable and uncountable, plural schistosomiases)

From schistosome + -iasis.
From scientific name Schistosoma + Ancient Greek -σις (-sis, nouns of action).

der

Investigation of Egyptian mummies has revealed calcified eggs in liver and kidney tissues, proving the presence of schistosomiasis in ancient Egypt.

1997, Roy Porter, The Greatest Benefit to Mankind, Folio Society, published 2016, page 18:

(pathology) Any of various diseases of humans caused by parasitic blood flukes of the genus Schistosoma.


exophthalmos

en-noun

exophthalmos (usually uncountable, plural exophthalmoses)

exophthalmoses (plural)
exophthalmia (alternative)
exophthalmus (alternative)

(pathology) An abnormal protrusion of the eyeball from its socket.


Graves' disease

Named after Irish physician Robert James Graves (1796–1853).

named-after

We would therefore reserve for it the title of Exophthalmic Goitre, or, what is better, Graves's Disease.

1862 September 6, British Medical Journal:

The latter operation, though still occasionally practised by exceptionally bold surgeons, entails a very high mortality rate,and as soon as its futility as a rational cure of Graves's disease was demonstrated, has practically been discarded.

1921 February 12, New York Medical Journal, volume 113, page 269:

Graves' disease, which is a hyperthyroid condition, runs in my family, and the treatment for it makes you fat, gives you these bulging, ghoulish eyes and creates all kinds of symptoms that I think would make me more depressed than I am without lithium.

1994, Elizabeth Wurtzel, Prozac Nation: Young and Depressed in America, Houghton Mifflin, →ISBN, page 4:

In iodine sufficient countries, Graves' disease is the predominant cause of hyperthyroidism in young and middle-aged patients.

2010, Ernst Nyström, Thyroid Disease in Adults, page 155:

(pathology) Hyperthyroidism accompanied by protrusion of the eyeballs.

瀰漫性毒性甲狀腺腫 /弥漫性毒性甲状腺肿

hyperthyroidism accompanied by protrusion of the eyeballs


endometriosis

en-noun

endometriosis (countable and uncountable, plural endometrioses)

The cyclic changes characterizing endometrioses are particularly apparent in endometriosis of the bladder.

1934, Analytic Cyclopedia of Practical Medicine, volume 14, page 372:

This chapter will cover all types of extragenital endometriosis reported in the literature, besides bowel and urinary tract endometriosis, which are dealt with in detail elsewhere in this book.

2006, Agneta Bergqvist, “35: Distant endometriosis”, in Christopher Sutton, G. David Adamson, Kevin D. Jones, editors, Modern Management of Endometriosis, page 406:

One can treat all adnexal diseases including cysts and endometrioses of the rectovaginal septum.

2006, Michel Cosson, Denis Querleu, Daniel Dargent, Vaginal Surgery, page 301:

Endometriosis is classically defined as the presence of endometrial glands and stroma in ectopic locations. Affecting from 6% to 10% of reproductive-aged women, endometriosis may result in dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, chronic pelvic pain and/or subfertility.

2008, Richard O. Burney, Linda C. Giudice, “10: Endometriosis: Section 10.1. The Pathogenesis of Endometriosis”, in Camran Nezhat, Farr Nezhat, Ceana Nezhat, editors, Nezhat's Operative Gynecologic Laparoscopy and Hysteroscopy, page 251:

Endometriosis, which involves tissue similar to uterine tissue growing elsewhere in the body, has myriad symptoms, including GI distress, migraines, discomfort during sex and abdominal pain that can range from debilitating to excruciating.

2023 June 20, Lauren Mechling, “The last health taboo: why are so many women still suffering with endometriosis?”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:

(medicine, pathology) A generally painful condition characterised by the presence of endometrial-like tissue in places other than the lining of the uterus; an instance of such tissue being present.


CRS

CRS (countable and uncountable, plural CRSs)

Chinese restaurant syndrome
Chinese restaurant syndrome#English

(pathology) Initialism of Chinese restaurant syndrome.

(pathology) Initialism of chronic rhinosinusitis.

(pathology) Initialism of congenital rubella syndrome.

cytokine release syndrome
cytokine release syndrome#English

(pathology) Initialism of cytokine release syndrome.

constriction ring syndrome
constriction ring syndrome#English

(pathology) Initialism of constriction ring syndrome.


motor neuron disease

(neurology, pathology) Any of several neurodegenerative disorders that selectively affect motor neurons.


pemphigus

pemphigus (usually uncountable, plural pemphigi)

From Ancient Greek πέμφιξ (pémphix, “pustule”).

uder

(pathology) A severe autoimmune skin disease characterized by pustules and painful blisters, and which can be fatal.


psychopathology

en-noun

psychopathology (countable and uncountable, plural psychopathologies)

/ˌsaɪ̯kɒpəˈθɒlədʒɪ/

(medicine, pathology) The study of the origin, development, diagnosis and treatment of mental and behavioural disorders.


lordotic

(pathology) Of, relating to or afflicted with lordosis; having an abnormal backwards curvature of the spine.


lordosis

lordosis (countable and uncountable, plural lordoses)

From Ancient Greek λορδός (lordós, “bent backward”) + -osis.

suffix

(pathology) An excessive backwards curvature of the spine, causing a hollow in the back.


amoebic

en-adj

amoebic (comparative more amoebic, superlative most amoebic)

more amoebic (comparative)
most amoebic (superlative)

From international scientific vocabulary, reflecting New Latin combining forms: amoeb- + -ic.

(biology, pathology) Relating to, or caused by an amoeba.

classical compound
international scientific vocabulary


scratches

From the behaviour induced by the disease, which causes scratching.

pastern dermatitis
pastern dermatitis#English

(pathology) Synonym of pastern dermatitis.


knock-kneed

I called for the cheeses, and took them away in a cab. It was a ramshackle affair, dragged along by a knock-kneed, broken-winded somnambulist, which his owner, in a moment of enthusiasm, during conversation, referred to as a horse.

1889, Jerome K. Jerome, Three Men in a Boat […] :

(medicine, pathology) Having the knees abnormally close together, and the ankles spread apart.

(medicine, pathology) Of a person or animal, suffering from genu valgum (or tibia valga).


cytopathology

en-noun

cytopathology (countable and uncountable, plural cytopathologies)

Holonym: cytohistopathology

Immune serum could block the cytopathology; a heatlabile factor was required.

2018, Douglas P. Fine, Complement Infectious Diseases:

fine-needle aspiration
fine-needle aspiration

(cytology, pathology) The branch of pathology that deals with abnormalities of cells, independently of the tissue architecture from which they came, as for example in aspiration biopsy such as fine-needle aspiration.


hyperemesis

hyperemesis (countable and uncountable, plural hyperemeses)

(pathology) Severe and excessive vomiting.


aphrasia

aphrasia (countable and uncountable, plural aphrasias)

(pathology) Condition of being unable to speak.


hyperthyroidism

hyperthyroidism (countable and uncountable, plural hyperthyroidisms)

/ˌhaɪ̯pəˈθaɪ̯ɹɔɪ̯ˌdɪzəm/

(pathology) The pathological condition resulting from these excess hormones.

hipertiroïdisme

pathological condition resulting from excess thyroid hormones


dyscalculia

dyscalculia (countable and uncountable, plural dyscalculias)

→ Norwegian Bokmål: dyskalkuli

From dys- (from Ancient Greek δυσ- (dus-, “bad”)) + calculate (from Latin calculare).

af

from Ancient Greek <i class="Polyt mention" lang="grc">δυσ-</i> (dus-, “bad”)

from Latin <i class="Latn mention" lang="la">calculare</i>

Some educators think requiring students with dyscalculia to study math in high school is a mistake because the dyscalculic students are unlikely to be capable of learning math.

(pathology) A learning disability characterized by significantly below average mathematical ability.


polyposis

en-noun

polyposis (countable and uncountable, plural polyposes)

(pathology) A hereditary disease characterised by numerous polyps that erupt in various parts of the body, especially the colon


polyuria

polyuria (usually uncountable, plural polyurias)

(pathology) The production of an abnormally large amount of urine; one symptom of diabetes


serial interval

serial interval (plural serial intervals)

(pathology) In epidemiology of communicable (infectious) diseases, the time period between the onset of symptoms with the primary patient and the onset of symptoms with the secondary patient (infected by primary).


arthritic

en-adj

arthritic (comparative more arthritic, superlative most arthritic)

more arthritic (comparative)
most arthritic (superlative)

/ɑː(ɹ)θˈɹɪtɪk/

From Latin arthriticus (“gouty, arthritic”), from Ancient Greek.

Her arthritic wrists bothered her most in the winter.

(pathology) Of, or affected by arthritis.


arrhythmic

arrhythmic (comparative more arrhythmic, superlative most arrhythmic)

more arrhythmic (comparative)
most arrhythmic (superlative)

(pathology) Suffering from cardiac arrhythmia.


trichome

From French trichome, from New Latin trichoma, from Ancient Greek τρίχωμα (tríkhōma), from θρίξ (thríx, “hair”) or independently from tricho- + -ome. Doublet of trichoma.

(pathology, cytology) A row of cells formed by successive cell divisions.


keratoconjunctivitis

(pathology) An inflammation of the cornea and the conjunctiva.


adynamia

en-noun

adynamia (countable and uncountable, plural adynamias)

From ἀ- (a-, “not”) + -dynamia, from Ancient Greek δύναμις (dúnamis) strength, force

(pathology) Lack or loss of strength, usually due to a disease.


polypus

From Latin polypus, from Ancient Greek πολύπους (polúpous). Doublet of polyp.

(hematology, pathology) A cardiac thrombus usually found post-mortem.


cradle cap

cradle cap (countable and uncountable, plural cradle caps)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-cradle cap.wav

(medicine, pathology) A form of seborrheic dermatitis that occurs on the scalps of infants, causing scaly, flaky, itchy, red skin.