VD

VD (countable and uncountable, plural VDs)

VDs (plural)
V.D. (alternative)
V. D. (alternative)

One of the things I've learned traveling around America is how many people have relied on the Joy of Gay Sex as their primary source of information, about not only sexual positions and activities, but about things like V.D., sexual dysfunction, coming out with the family, and dealing with feelings of guilt related to religion.

1979 April 21, Tommi Avicolli, Edmund White, “Talking With Edmund White”, in Gay Community News, page 10:

I should download her audio on MP3 / And show the whole world how you gave Eminem VD

2000, “The Real Slim Shady”, in The Marshall Mathers LP, performed by Eminem:

venereal disease
venereal disease#English

(pathology, dated) Initialism of venereal disease.


schizophrenia

en-noun

schizophrenia (countable and uncountable, plural schizophrenias)

From German Schizophrenie (coined by Eugen Bleuler), from Ancient Greek σχίζω (skhízō, “to split”) + φρήν (phrḗn, “mind, heart, diaphragm”) + English -ia.

af

Increasing data suggests that regular marijuana use in adolescence may also be a risk factor for developing very serious psychotic disorders, especially schizophrenia.

2014 January 24, Dr. Charles Raison, “Here’s what to do about your anxiety”, in CNN:

In 1995, 2% of schizophrenia diagnoses in the country were associated with cannabis use disorder. In 2000, it increased to around 4%. Since 2010, that figure increased to 8%, the study found.

2021 July 22, Katie Hunt, “Schizophrenia linked to marijuana use disorder is on the rise, study finds”, in CNN:

(pathology) A psychiatric diagnosis denoting a persistent, often chronic, mental illness characterised by abnormal perception, thinking, behavior and emotion, often marked by delusions.


xanthosis

en-noun

xanthosis (countable and uncountable, plural xanthoses)

(pathology) A yellowish discolouration of tissues undergoing degeneration.


giddy

en-adj

giddy (comparative giddier, superlative giddiest)

giddier (comparative)
giddiest (superlative)

The adjective is derived from Middle English gidi, gedy, gydy (“demonically controlled or possessed; crazy, insane; foolish, idiotic, ridiculous, unwise; unsure; (rare) dizzy, shaky; (rare) of an animal: crazed, out of control; a fool”) [and other forms], from Old English gidiġ, gydiġ (“possessed by a demon or spirit, insane, mad”), from Proto-West Germanic *gudīg (“ghostly, spirited”, literally “possessed by a god or spirit”), from *god (“god”) + *-ig, *-g (suffix forming adjectives with the senses of being, doing, or having). The English word is analysable as god + -y (suffix meaning ‘having the quality of’, forming adjectives).
The noun and the verb are derived from the adjective.

nb...

gedi, gidie, gidy, gudi, gudiʒe, guidi, guydi, gydi, gydie

лекомислен

unable to concentrate or think seriously; easily excited — see also impulsive

лекомислен

lightheartedly silly — see also frivolous

(British, dialectal, agriculture, veterinary medicine) Of an animal, chiefly a sheep: affected by gid (“a disease caused by parasitic infestation of the brain by tapeworm larvae”), which may result in the animal turning around aimlessly.

pyörimistautia poteva

of an animal, chiefly a sheep: affected by gid


giddy

(British, agriculture, veterinary medicine) Synonym of gid (“a disease caused by parasitic infestation of the brain by tapeworm larvae”).


dysplasia

en-noun

dysplasia (countable and uncountable, plural dysplasias)

(pathology) Abnormal development of cells or tissue, often a precancerous stage of growth.


bulimia

bulimia (countable and uncountable, plural bulimias)

PIE word
 *gʷṓws
From Ancient Greek βουλιμία (boulimía, “ravenous hunger”), from βοῦς (boûs, “cow, ox”) + λῑμός (līmós, “hunger”).

compound

Grow up, Heather, bulimia is so '87.

1989, Daniel Waters, Heathers, spoken by Heather Chandler:

(pathology) A chronic eating disorder characterized by a binge-and-purge cycle: extreme overeating followed by self-induced vomiting.


saturnine

en-adj

saturnine (comparative more saturnine, superlative most saturnine)

more saturnine (comparative)
most saturnine (superlative)
♄ine (alternative)

From Middle English saturnine, satournine, satournyne, saturnin, saturnyn, saturnyne (“pertaining to or under the influence of the planet Saturn; line on the palm of the hand associated with Saturn”), from Old French saturnine, saturnin (modern French saturnin (“of, pertaining to, resembling or containing lead, plumbic”)), or directly from its etymon Medieval Latin Sāturnīnus, from Sāturnus (“the Roman god Saturn; the planet Saturn”) + -īnus (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’); analysable as Saturn + -ine. The English word is cognate with Italian saturnino (“saturnine”), Portuguese saturnino (“melancholy, saturnine; pertaining to the planet Saturn”), Spanish saturnino (“melancholy, saturnine; pertaining to the planet Saturn”).
Sense 1 (“having a tendency to be cold, bitter, gloomy, etc.”) refers to the fact that individuals born under the astrological influence of the planet Saturn were believed to have that disposition.

cog

The slow saturation of the animal economy by the metal renders the individual saturnine, and prepares in him a fresh ground, containing a reserve of lead, which, under the influence of accidental causes, may pass back in a notable quantity into the blood and bring on accidents analogous to those of acute poisoning or presenting special characteristics. The first effects of lead impregnation are, production of saturnine anæmia [...] acute or chronic saturnine asthma then come on; [...]

1875 August 16, “Renaut on Chronic Lead-poisoning”, in The London Medical Record: A Review of the Progress of the Medical Sciences and of Subjects Relating to Public Health, volume III, London: Smith, Elder & Co., […], →OCLC, page 503, column 1:

(not comparable, pathology) Caused or affected by lead poisoning (saturnism).


spastic

en-adj

spastic (comparative more spastic, superlative most spastic)

more spastic (comparative)
most spastic (superlative)

Learned borrowing from Latin spasticus, from Ancient Greek σπαστικός (spastikós, “drawing in”). By surface analysis, spasm + -tic. Compare French spastique and see also spasm.

der

(pathology) Of, relating to, or affected by spasm.

(pathology) Of or relating to spastic paralysis.


tussiculation

From tussicula + -ation, from tussis + -cule.


hyperchlorhydria

(pathology) The presence of an excessive amount of hydrochloric acid in the stomach. Often treatable with antacid.


pleurisy

en-noun

pleurisy (countable and uncountable, plural pleurisies)

From Middle English pleuresi, pleresye, that borrowed from Old French pleuresie (French pleurésie), from Late Latin pleurisis, alteration of Latin pleuritis.

1829 September, Richard N. Allen, An Essay on Pneumonia Biliosa, Horatio Gates Jameson (editor), The Maryland Medical Recorder, Volume 1, Number 1, page 591,
The division of pleurisies now sanctioned by the general language of medical men, is that which arranges them as inflammatory,* bilious and typhoid.

And the dope often gave him a painful case of pleurisy if he smoked it for more than two straight days of heavy continuous smoking[…]

1996, David Foster Wallace, Infinite Jest […], Boston, Mass., New York, N.Y.: Little, Brown and Company, →ISBN, page 22:

Pleurisy usually causes pain, which is made worse by deep breathing, since the two inflamed layers of the pleura rub against each other.

2005, David B. Jacoby, R. M. Youngson, Encyclopedia Of Family Health, 3rd edition, page 1618:

Pleurisy usually occurs as a secondary disease to other infections (e.g., pneumonia, tuberculosis), conditions (e.g., pulmonary embolism, tumors), or as a result of injury.

2009, Susan G. Salvo, Mosby′s Pathology for Massage Therapists, 2nd edition, page 286:

(pathology) Inflammation of lung pleura.


ganglion

Borrowed from Ancient Greek γᾰγγλῐ́ον (gănglĭ́on, “encysted tumour on a tendon or aponeurosis”).

bor

intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cell

melanopsin-containing retinal ganglion cell

(pathology) A benign cystic tumour on a tendon sheath or joint capsule.


HD

en-noun

HD (countable and uncountable, plural HDs)

Hansen's disease
Hansen's disease#English

(pathology) Initialism of Hansen's disease.

Hodgkin's disease
Hodgkin's disease#English

(pathology) Initialism of Hodgkin's disease.

Huntington's disease (HD) patients are an anomaly with respect to contracting cancer, with 80% fewer cases than found in the general population.

2018 February 12, “Huntington Disease siRNA a "Super-Assassin" of Tumor Cells”, in ClinicalOMICs:

Huntington's disease
Huntington's disease#English

(pathology) Initialism of Huntington's disease.


heartworm

heartworm (countable and uncountable, plural heartworms)

(veterinary medicine) A parasitic organism that afflicts dogs, of species Dirofilaria immitis of roundworms.

(veterinary medicine) (uncountable) The condition caused by this organism.


septic shock

(pathology) A life-threatening condition caused by infection and sepsis, often after surgery or trauma.


erysipelas

erysipelas (countable and uncountable, plural erysipelases)

erysipelases (plural)
erisypelas (alternative)

From Middle English erisipila, borrowed from Latin erysipelas, from Ancient Greek ἐρῠσῐ́πελᾰς (erŭsĭ́pelăs), probably related to ἐρῠθρός (erŭthrós, “red”) and πέλμᾰ (pélmă, “the sole of a foot”).

The symptoms gradually improved until, on the fifth day from her delivery, I was pleased to find the erysipelas rapidly defervescing, the lochia natural, no subinvolution of the uterus, nor abdominal tenderness.

1875 July 31, W. R. Smith, “Erysipelas During Parturition”, in James G. Wakley, editor, The Lancet, volume II, number 2709, London: John James Croft, […

(pathology) An acute, sometimes recurrent febrile disease caused by infection of a hemolytic streptococcus, associated with intense edematous local inflammation of the skin and subcutaneous tissues, and marked by large raised red patches on the skin.

црвен ветер m (crven veter, literally “red wind”)


mastoiditis

mastoiditis (countable and uncountable, plural mastoiditides or mastoidites)

mastoiditides (plural)
mastoidites (plural)

(pathology) Inflammation of the mastoid process of the temporal bone.


blight

blight (countable and uncountable, plural blights)

The etymology of the noun is uncertain; suggested derivations include the following:
* possibly related to Middle English blichening (“mildew or rust on grain, blight”), possibly related to Middle English bliken (“to gleam, shine; to turn pale”), from Old English blīcan (“to shine, sparkle”) (whence modern English blike (“(obsolete) to gleam, shine”); also compare Old Norse blikna (“to grow pallid”)), from Proto-West Germanic *blīkan (“to shine”), from Proto-Germanic *blīkaną (“to gleam, shine”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰleyǵ- (“to shine”); or
* since sense 2.2 is a diseased condition of the skin, possibly from Middle English *bleighte, *bleȝte, from Old English blǣcþa (“leprosy”) (related to blǣċe (“an itching skin-disease”) and blǣċo (“leprosy; paleness”)), from Proto-West Germanic *blaik, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *blaikaz (“pale; white”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰleyǵ- (“to shine”). If so, the word is a doublet of bleak.
The verb is derived from the noun.

cog

Proceed, inhuman Parent in thy Scorn; / Root up my Trees, vvith Blites deſtroy my Corn; / My Vineyards Ruin, and my Sheepfolds burn.

1697, Virgil, “The Fourth Book of the Georgics”, in John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC, page 136, lines 467–469:

As ſudden blights corrupt the ripen'd grain, / And of its verdure ſpoil the mournful plain; / So hapleſs love on blooming features preys, / So hapleſs love deſtroys our peaceful days.

1720, John Gay, “[Miscellanies.] Panthea. An Elegy.”, in Poems on Several Occasions, volume II, London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], and Bernard Lintot, […], →OCLC, page 388, lines 337–340:

Some there are vvho imagine the moſt deſtructive Blights vvhich attend Fruit-Trees, are produc'd by ſmall Shovvers of Rain, or vvhite Hoar-Froſts falling upon the Bloſſoms of Fruit-trees, vvhich being ſucceeded by cold North or Eaſterly VVinds, or froſty Mornings, are the Occaſion of the frequent Blights vvhich happen in the Spring Seaſon: […]

1733, Philip Miller, “BLIGHTS”, in The Gardeners Dictionary: […], 2nd edition, volume I, London: […] C[harles] Rivington, […], →OCLC, column 1:

A blight in 1855–56 set back the industry, many plantations being ruined and then given over to sugar cane. After the blight had disappeared, the plantations were re-established, and prosperity continued for years.

1922, William H[arrison] Ukers, “Cultivation of the Coffee Plant”, in All About Coffee, New York, N.Y.: The Tea and Coffee Trade Journal Company, →OCLC, page 241, column 1:

A diseased condition suffered by a plant; specifically, a complete and rapid chlorosis, browning, then death of plant tissues such as floral organs, leaves, branches, or twigs, especially one caused by a fungus; a mildew, a rust, a smut.

главня

type of diseased condition of a plant — see also mildew, rust, smut

The cause of such a condition, often unseen but believed to be airborne; specifically, a bacterium, a virus, or (especially) a fungus; also, an aphid which attacks fruit trees.

(pathology, dated) A diseased condition of the face or skin; specifically, bleeding under the conjunctiva of the eye, a form of skin rash, or a palsy of the face due to cold.


blight

en-verb

blight (third-person singular simple present blights, present participle blighting, simple past and past participle blighted)

blights (present singular third-person)
blighting (participle present)
blighted (participle past)
blighted (past)
blight (infinitive)
blight (first-person present singular)
blighted (first-person past singular)
blight (present second-person singular)
blightest (archaic present second-person singular)
blighted (past second-person singular)
blightedst (archaic past second-person singular)
blights (present singular third-person)
blighteth (archaic present singular third-person)
blighted (past singular third-person)
blight (plural present)
blighted (past plural)
blight (present subjunctive)
blighted (past subjunctive)
blight (imperative present)
blighting (participle present)
blighted (participle past)

But if it happens, as ſometimes it does, that this Vapour bears up along vvith it any noxious mineral Steams, it then blasts Vegetables, eſpecially thoſe vvhich are more young and tender: blights Corn and Fruits: and is ſometimes injurious even to Men vvho chance to be then abroad in the Fields.

1695, John Woodward, “Part IV. Of the Origin and Formation of Metalls and Minerals.”, in An Essay toward a Natural History of the Earth: And Terrestrial Bodies, Especially Minerals: […], London: […] Ric[hard] Wilkin […], →OCLC, pages 212–213:

In your eye there is death, / There is frost on your breath / Which would blight the plants.

1830 June, Alfred Tennyson, “The Poet’s Mind”, in Poems. […], volume I, London: Edward Moxon, […], published 1842, →OCLC, page 51:

Oh, Love! like the blast of the desert thou blightest / The fairest of flowers with thy venomous breath.

1840 August, “The Talisman”, in The Citizen; a Monthly Journal of Politics, Literature, and Art, volume II, number X, Dublin: Machen and Company, […]; London: Simpkin and Marshall, and Richard Groombridge, →OCLC, stanza IV, page 157:

Much is permitted to the power of spirits, so that, being unseen and unperceived, they appear rather in their effects than in their acts: as when some lurking evil in the air blighteth the fruit or grain in the blossom, killeth it in the blade, woundeth it in its full growth, and when the atmosphere tainted in some secret way poureth over the earth its pestilential vapours.

1842, Tertullian, “The Book of Apology against the Heathen”, in C[harles] Dodgson, transl., edited by E[dward] B[ouverie] P[usey], Tertullian (A Library of Fathers of the Holy Catholic Church, […]; 10), volume I (Apologetic and Practical Treatises), Oxford, Oxfordshire: John Henry Parker; London: J. G. F. and J. Rivington, →OCLC, pages 54–55:

(phytopathology) To affect the fertility or growth of (a plant) with a blight (noun sense 1.1), especially one caused by a fungus; to blast, to mildew, to smut.

antaa ruostetauti

to affect the fertility or growth of (a plant) with a blight

[B]lighted be the tongue / That names thy name without the honour due!

1811, Walter Scott, The Vision of Don Roderick; a Poem, Edinburgh: […] James Ballantyne and Co. for John Ballantyne and Co. […]; London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, →OCLC, stanza LI, page 47:

(by extension, pathology, dated) To affect (a body part) with a disease.


Daltonism

Named for the English chemist John Dalton (1766–1844), who had the condition and did early research into it, + -ism.

A person with Daltonism may be said to lack a discriminatory power that others have: his perceptions of red and green are, as such, not to be relied on.

2002, Richard Davies, Descartes: Belief, Scepticism and Virtue, page 25:

The Ishihara plates were developed for the assessment of congenital colour anomalies (Daltonism) and so there is considerable detail in the testing that is not relevant to optic nerve disease where the losses do not follow the specific patterns seen in Daltonism but show largely global losses.

2011, Gordon Plant, James Acheson, Charles Clarke, Elizabeth Graham, Robin Howard, Simon Shorvon, “13: Neuro-Ophthalmology”, in Charles Clarke, Robin Howard, Martin Rossor, Simon D. Shorvon, editors, Neurology: A Queen Square Textbook, unnumbered page:

The concern of Kosmetatos was not how affected individuals would manage to organize their lives taking the effects of Daltonism as given; rather, using the specific case of Daltonism, he suggested the bureaucratization and surveillance of humans by recording their health condition over long periods.

2013, Sevasti Trubeta, Physical Anthropology, Race and Eugenics in Greece (1880s–1970s), page 109:

(medicine, pathology) Inability or defective ability to perceive or distinguish certain colors, especially red-green color blindness.

color blindness

inability or defective ability to perceive or distinguish certain colors

achromatism

inability or defective ability to perceive color


dementia

en-noun

dementia (usually uncountable, plural dementias or dementiae)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-dementia.wav

Similar studies of rats have employed four different intracranial resorbable, slow sustained release systems— […]. Such a slow-release device containing angiogenic factors could be placed on the pia mater covering the cerebral cortex and tested in persons with senile dementia in long term studies.

2013 May-June, Charles T. Ambrose, “Alzheimer’s Disease”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 3, page 200:

In recent years some clinical trials involving potential dementia drugs have had disappointing setbacks.

2018 January 18, Jürgen Götz, “Why it’s so hard to treat dementia”, in CNN:

(pathology) A progressive decline in cognitive function due to damage or disease in the brain beyond what might be expected from normal aging. Areas particularly affected include memory, attention, judgement, language and problem solving.


tongue-tied

en-adj

tongue-tied (comparative more tongue-tied, superlative most tongue-tied)

more tongue-tied (comparative)
most tongue-tied (superlative)

From tongue + tied (“restricted”, adjective).

(pathology) Having tongue-tie or ankyloglossia (“a congenital oral anomaly in which the lingual frenulum (a membrane connecting the underside of the tongue to the floor of the mouth) is unusually short and thick, decreasing mobility of the tongue and affecting eating, speech, etc.”).

arero whīwhiwhi

suffering from tongue-tie or ankyloglossia


coronary heart disease

(pathology, cardiology) Any disease caused by the accumulation of fatty deposits in the coronary arteries that supply blood to the myocardium.


TS

en-noun

TS (countable and uncountable, plural TSs or TSes)

(pathology) Initialism of Turner syndrome.


infarction

infarction (countable and uncountable, plural infarctions)

Borrowed from Latin infarctiō, equivalent to infarct + -ion.

(pathology) The process which causes an infarct.

But we can no longer regard the mere fact of these diffuse condensations of the lung becoming yellow and caseous as an evidence of their tuberculous nature, especially since the pathological anatomists, and among them Virchow, have shown that formations of the most different kind, having not the slightest connection with tubercule— as, for example, old cancerous masses, lymphatic glands swollen by a hyperplasia of cells, hæmorrhagical infarctions, abscesses, &c.— undergo exactly the same caseous transformation.

1868, Felix von Niemeyer, J. L Parke, Clinical Lectures on Pulmonary Phthisis, Moorhead, Simpson & Bond, page 3:

Once stroke was classified by a risk factor-free method, the stronger relationship between hypertension and lacunar versus nonlacunar infarction patients disappeared.

2016 March 3, “Comparison of Risk Factor between Lacunar Stroke and Large Artery Atherosclerosis Stroke: A Cross-Sectional Study in China”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(pathology) An infarct (an area of ischemic necrosis).


transmissible spongiform encephalopathy

transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (countable and uncountable, plural transmissible spongiform encephalopathies)

(pathology, neurology) Any fatal, incurable degenerative disease of the brain transmitted by prions.

overførbare svampeagtige hjernesygdomme

any fatal, degenerative disease transmitted by prions

трансмисси́вная гу́бчатая энцефалопа́тия


TSE

TSE (countable and uncountable, plural TSEs)

(pathology, neurology) Initialism of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy.


infectious

en-adj

infectious (comparative more infectious, superlative most infectious)

more infectious (comparative)
most infectious (superlative)

noninfectious

which are hypernymous to noncommunicable

Cancer is usually not infectious.

More infectious diseases like the flu are usually less potent.

(pathology, of an illness) Caused by an agent that enters the host's body (such as a bacterium, virus, parasite, or prion); often, also, transmitted among hosts via any of various routes (for example, contact, droplet-borne, airborne, waterborne, foodborne, fomite-borne, or bloodborne).

Despite feeling better, the patient is still infectious.

I doubt that [saliva] is very infectious ... I don't think this is a normal route of transmission.

1981 December 1, Sue Hyde, quoting Paul Black, “AIDS Update: Little To Cheer About”, in Gay Community News, volume 12, number 20, page 3:

(pathology, typically of a person) Able to infect others; capable of transmitting pathogens.


dermatitis

en-noun

dermatitis (plural dermatitises or dermatitides or dermatites)

dermatitises (plural)
dermatitides (plural)
dermatites (plural)
dermitis (alternative)

From Ancient Greek δερματῖτις (dermatîtis), from δέρμα (dérma, “skin, hide”), from δέρω (dérō, “to skin, flay”).

eczema

usually hyponymous, sometimes synonymous; see explanation


mastoid

Borrowed from New Latin mastoīdēs, from Ancient Greek μᾰστοειδής (măstoeidḗs, “like a breast”), from μᾰστός (măstós, “a woman's breast”) + -ειδής (-eidḗs, “-like, -oid”).

af

(pathology, informal) Clipping of mastoiditis.


skin cancer

en-noun

skin cancer (countable and uncountable, plural skin cancers)

(oncology, pathology) A malignant growth on the skin, such as melanoma.


single pneumonia

(pathology) Pneumonia affecting one lung.


tumour

From Middle English tumour, from Old French tumour, from Latin tumor (“swelling”), from tumeō (“bulge, swell”, verb), from Proto-Indo-European *tewh₂- (“to swell”). Related to English thumb.

der

(oncology, pathology) Commonwealth standard spelling of tumor.


macrosomia

en-noun

macrosomia (countable and uncountable, plural macrosomias)

(pathology) The state (of a foetus or neonate) of being abnormally large


meningoencephalitis

meningoencephalitis (countable and uncountable, plural meningoencephalitides)

(pathology) Inflammation of the brain and the meninges.


nephritis

nephritis (plural nephritides or nephritises)

nephritides (plural)
nephritises (plural)


nephrosis

nephrosis (countable and uncountable, plural nephroses)

(pathology) A non-inflammatory disease of the kidneys that is characterised by the leaking of blood protein into the urine, swelling or oedema, and degenerative lesions.


nephropathy

The recorded causes of kidney disease were as follows: diabetic nephropathy (in 21% of the patients), nephroangiosclerosis and glomerulonephritis (18%), interstitial nephropathy (7%), hypertensive nephropathy (5%), polykystosis (5%) and other recorded diagnoses (hereditary disease, solitary kidney, dysglobulinemia, and systemic disease) (22%).

2015 July 17, “The Addition of Vascular Calcification Scores to Traditional Risk Factors Improves Cardiovascular Risk Assessment in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(pathology) Damage to, disease of, or abnormality of the kidneys.


typhoid

typhoid (countable and uncountable, plural typhoids)

Typhoid may not worry people as it once did, but it still affects more than 20 million people a year around the world.

2019, Bill Bryson, The Body: A Guide for Occupants, Black Swan (2020), page 378:


paratyphoid fever

paratyphoid fever (countable and uncountable, plural paratyphoid fevers)

(pathology) Any of a variety of acute infectious intestinal diseases resembling typhoid fever but less severe, caused by eating food contaminated with certain bacteria of the genus Salmonella.


Ebola fever

(pathology) An extremely contagious and often fatal illness caused by the Ebola virus, characterised by fever and internal bleeding, contracted through infected body fluids.


sleeping sickness

sleeping sickness (usually uncountable, plural sleeping sicknesses)

African sleeping sickness
African sleeping sickness

(pathology) Any of several diseases of which lethargy is a major symptom:

Especially, African sleeping sickness, an endemic infectious disease of humans and animals in tropical Africa, caused by a parasitic trypanosome.

Animal trypanosomiasis
animal trypanosomiasis

Eastern equine encephalitis
eastern equine encephalitis

Eastern equine encephalitis, caused by a zoonotic alphavirus and arbovirus present in North, Central and South America and the Caribbean.

Encephalitis lethargica
encephalitis lethargica

Encephalitis lethargica, a form of encephalitis, of unknown cause, that swept the world in the 1920s.


trypanosomiasis

trypanosomiasis (countable and uncountable, plural trypanosomiases)

Spotted fever, yaws, typhus and trypanosomiasis throve here.

1982, TC Boyle, Water Music, Penguin, published 2006, page 297:

(pathology) Any of several diseases or infections caused by a trypanosome.


leishmaniasis

(pathology) Any of various ulcerative skin diseases caused by any of the protozoans of the genus Leishmania, transmitted to humans and animals by bloodsucking sandflies.

داء الليشمانيات

any of various ulcerative skin diseases caused by any of the protozoans of the genus Leishmania


ectropion

ectropion (countable and uncountable, plural ectropions)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἐκτρόπιον (ektrópion).

A condition of loose eyelids, characterized by the turning outward of the lower eyelid.

A condition of the cervix, characterized by the cells of the endocervix being present in the location of the ectocervix.


encephalopathy

encephalopathy (countable and uncountable, plural encephalopathies)

/ɛnˌsɛfəˈlɒpəθi/

(pathology, neurology) Any of various conditions affecting the brain.


PD

PD (countable and uncountable, plural PDs)

Parkinson’s disease
Parkinson’s disease#English

(pathology) Initialism of Parkinson’s disease.

(pathology) Initialism of panic disorder.

Board and Fritzon found that three of 11 personality disorders (PDs) were actually commoner in managers than in disturbed criminals. The first was histrionic PD, entailing superficial charm, insincerity, egocentricity and manipulativeness.

2005 April 18, Oliver James, “Is your boss a psychopath?”, in The Guardian:

personality disorder
personality disorder#English

(pathology) Initialism of personality disorder.


OTC

(pathology) Initialism of Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency.


ADR

ADR (countable and uncountable, plural ADRs)

/eɪ diː ˈɑː/

Anytime you notice your horse is ADR instead of BAR, it's time to get on the phone to your vet.

2018, Kendra Gale, The Big Book of Miniature Horses, Trafalgar Square Books, →ISBN:

(veterinary medicine, slang, uncountable) Initialism of ain't doin' right (the situation where an animal appears unwell but has not yet been diagnosed with any specific illness).


ischaemia

ischaemia (countable and uncountable, plural ischaemias or ischaemiae)

(cardiology, pathology) Alternative spelling of ischemia.


ischemia

ischemia (countable and uncountable, plural ischemias or ischemiae)

ischemias (plural)
ischemiae (plural)
ischaemia (alternative UK)
ischæmia (alternative UK obsolete)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-ischemia.wav

From New Latin ischaemia, from Ancient Greek ἴσχαιμος (ískhaimos, “stoppage of blood flow”), from ῐ̓́σχω (ĭ́skhō, “to hold back, restrain; to stay, stop”) + αἷμᾰ (haîmă, “blood”).
The plural form ischemiae is also from New Latin ischaemiae.

der

Coordinate term: hypoperfusion

(cardiology, pathology) Local disturbance in blood circulation due to mechanical obstruction of the blood supply (for example, embolism, thrombosis, or vasoconstriction).

نقص التروية

local disturbance in blood circulation due to mechanical obstruction of the blood supply


caisson disease

(pathology, nautical) The painful condition in which bubbles of nitrogen form in body tissues after a person makes too-rapid a transition from high atmospheric pressure to lower atmospheric pressure.


SIDS

The evidence clearly showed that ETS increased the risk of SIDS, but the panel couldn’t decide whether that risk was caused by prenatal smoking, postnatal ETS, or both.

2010, Naomi Oreskes, Erik M. Conway, chapter 5, in Merchants of Doubt:

sudden infant death syndrome
sudden infant death syndrome#English

(medicine, pathology) Acronym of sudden infant death syndrome.


IE

infective endocarditis
infective endocarditis#English

(pathology) Initialism of infective endocarditis.


FTD

en-noun

FTD (countable and uncountable, plural FTDs)

frontotemporal dementia
frontotemporal dementia#English

(pathology, uncountable) Initialism of frontotemporal dementia.


PMI

PMI (countable and uncountable, plural PMIs)

(pathology) Initialism of post mortem interval.


NCP

neuropathic corneal pain
neuropathic corneal pain#English

(pathology) Abbreviation of neuropathic corneal pain.

For quotations using this term, see Citations:NCP.

novel coronavirus pneumonia
novel coronavirus pneumonia#English

(Mainland China, pathology, historical) Abbreviation of novel coronavirus pneumonia; COVID-19 (disease).


uraemic

en-adj

uraemic (comparative more uraemic, superlative most uraemic)

more uraemic (comparative)
most uraemic (superlative)
uremic (alternative US)

(pathology) Of, relating to, or causing uremia.


VIP

en-noun

VIP (countable and uncountable, plural VIPs)

ventilator-induced pneumonia
w:ventilator-associated pneumonia

(medicine, pathology) Abbreviation of ventilator-induced pneumonia.


UC

UC (countable and uncountable, plural UCs)

ulcerative colitis
ulcerative colitis#English

(pathology) Initialism of ulcerative colitis.


BPH

BPH (countable and uncountable, plural BPHs)

Mr. Goldman, like up to 90 percent of men in their 70s, has benign prostatic hyperplasia, or B.P.H., a nonmalignant growth of the prostate gland. […] Common risk factors for developing B.P.H. include, in addition to age, a family history of the condition, obesity, metabolic syndrome, a sedentary lifestyle and diabetes.

2019 August 26, Jane E. Brody, “Alternatives to Surgery for an Enlarged Prostate”, in The New York Times:

benign prostatic hyperplasia
benign prostatic hyperplasia#English

(pathology) Initialism of benign prostatic hyperplasia.


GERD

gastroesophageal reflux disease
w:gastroesophageal reflux disease

(pathology) Acronym of gastroesophageal reflux disease.


CHD

congenital heart defect
congenital heart defect#English

(pathology, cardiology) Initialism of congenital heart defect.

coronary heart disease
coronary heart disease#English

(pathology, cardiology) Initialism of coronary heart disease.


SLE

Iberdomide, a cereblon modulator promoting degradation of the transcription factors Ikaros and Aiolos, which affect leukocyte development and autoimmunity, is being evaluated for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

2022 March 17, Joan T. Merrill, Victoria P. Werth, Richard Furie et al., “Phase 2 Trial of Iberdomide in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus”, in The New England Journal of Medicine, volume 386, number 11, →DOI, page 1034:

systemic lupus erythematosus
systemic lupus erythematosus#English

(pathology) Initialism of systemic lupus erythematosus.


CMT

CMT (countable and uncountable, plural CMTs)

(pathology) Initialism of Charcot-Marie-Tooth.


CPA

CPA (countable and uncountable, plural CPAs)

chronic pulmonary aspergillosis
w:chronic pulmonary aspergillosis

(pathology) Initialism of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis.


hacking

hacking (usually uncountable, plural hackings)

From Middle English hackynge, hakkynge, hacckinge, equivalent to hack + -ing.

(pathology) A dry coughing; the emission of a succession of short coughs.


colitis

colitis (usually uncountable, plural colitides or colitises)

Peritoneal fluid was commonly found in acute colitides, particularly pseudomembranous, infectious, and ischemic colitides, and not in chronic IBD.

1996 July, Richard M. Gore, Emil J. Balthazar, Gary G. Ghahremani, Frank H. Miller, “CT Features of Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn’s Disease”, in American Journal of Roentgenology, volume 167, number 1, →DOI, page 11:


phlebitis

(pathology) Inflammation of a vein, usually in the legs.


MSA

MSA (countable and uncountable, plural MSAs)

multiple system atrophy
w:multiple system atrophy

(pathology) Initialism of multiple system atrophy.


gingivitis

gingivitis (usually uncountable, plural gingivitides or gingivites)

gingivitides (plural)
gingivites (plural)

/ˌd͡ʒɪnd͡ʒɪˈvaɪtəs/

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-gingivitis.wav

(pathology) Inflammation of the gums or gingivae.


naevoid

en-adj

naevoid (comparative more naevoid, superlative most naevoid)

more naevoid (comparative)
most naevoid (superlative)
nævoid (alternative)
nevoid (alternative)

He thought the tumour was at first more nævoid in character, but that now it was a melanotic sarcoma.

1897, The British Homoeopathic Review, volume 41, page 3:


CFR

en-noun

CFR (countable and uncountable, plural CFRs)

The CFR for the SARS epidemic was around 9 to 10 percent, while MERS, first identified in 2012, is around 35 percent.

2020 March 12, Matt Stieb, “Does the Coronavirus Think I’m Old?”, in New York:

case fatality rate
case fatality rate#English

(countable, pathology, epidemiology, statistics) Initialism of case fatality rate.


chicken pox

chicken pox (usually uncountable, plural chicken poxes)

chicken poxes (plural)
chickenpox (alternative)
chicken-pox (alternative)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-chicken pox.wav

From chicken + pox, under the influence of earlier hen-pox and swinepox, which formed larger blisters.

varicella zoster virus
varicella zoster virus

(now rare, pathology) The blisters formed by the varicella zoster virus (VZV).

Chickenpox parties, at which children gather so they can all be infected by a child who has the pox, are often held by parents who distrust chickenpox vaccine or want their children to have the stronger immunity that surviving a full-blown infection affords.

(pathology) The highly contagious airborne disease caused by initial infection with varicella zoster virus, typically causing a skin rash that forms small itchy blisters.

(inexact, sometimes proscribed, pathology) Any disease causing similar symptoms.


varicella

varicella (usually uncountable, plural varicellas or varicellae)

From New Latin varicella, diminutive of variola (“pox”).


ileitis

ileitis (countable and uncountable, plural ileitides)


retinitis

retinitis (usually uncountable, plural retinitides)

DHPG […] is effective in fighting Cytomegalovirus (CMV), a common virus which, for PWAs, can cause CMV retinitis — a condition which can lead to blindness within weeks.

1989 February 5, Judy Harris, “Untitled image caption”, in Gay Community News, volume 16, number 29, page 3:


sinus

Learned borrowing from Latin sinus (“a bent surface, curve, hollow”). Doublet of sine.

lbor

(pathology) An abnormal cavity or passage such as a fistula, leading from a deep-seated infection and discharging pus to the surface.


PNA

(pathology) Initialism of pulmonary nodular amyloidosis.


tonsillitis

en-noun

tonsillitis (usually uncountable, plural tonsillitides or tonsillites)

tonsillitides (plural)
tonsillites (plural)

(pathology) Inflammation of the tonsils.


SCC

SCC (countable and uncountable, plural SCCs)

Ulcerated BCC may mimic SCC, and Bowen's disease may be misdiagnosed for the superficial and morphoeic forms.

1993, W. E. De Launey, Harvey Rotstein, W. A. Land, De Launey and Land Principles and Practice of Dermatology:

(pathology) Initialism of squamous cell carcinoma.


tetanus

tetanus (usually uncountable, plural tetanuses or tetani)

From Latin tetanus, from Ancient Greek τέτανος (tétanos), from τείνω (teínō, “I stretch”).

(pathology, countable) A serious and often fatal disease caused by the infection of an open wound with the anaerobic bacterium Clostridium tetani, found in soil and the intestines and faeces of animals.


scurvy

scurvy (usually uncountable, plural scurvies)

The adjective is derived from Late Middle English scurvi, scurvy, variants of scurfi (“having scurf, scabby”), from scurf (“skin disease causing scabs or scales; flakes of skin that fall off due to a skin disease, etc.”) + -i (suffix forming adjectives). Scurf is derived from Old English scurf, from Proto-Germanic *skurf- (“to gnaw”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to cut off, sever; to divide, separate”). By surface analysis, scurf (“skin disease; flakes of skin that fall off due to a skin disease; crust-like formations on the skin”) + -y (suffix meaning ‘having the quality of’ forming adjectives).
The noun is derived from the adjective. It was used to translate the similar-sounding Dutch scheurbuik, French scorbut, Middle Low German schorbūk (“scurvy (disease)”), etc.

cog

Our legs now vs deceiue, / ſwolne euery ioint withall, / With this diſeaſe, which, by your leaue, / the Scuruie men doe call.

1589, Robert Baker, Richard Hakluyt, The Principall Navigations, Voiages, and Discoveries of the English Nation, […], London: […] George Bishop and Ralph Newberie, deputies to Christopher Barker, […], →OCLC, page 139:

[H]ee will go to the ſea, and teare the gold out of the Spaniards throats but he will haue it, byrlady when he comes there, poore ſoule hee lyes in brine in Baliſt, and is lamentable ſicke of the ſcuruies; […]

1592, Thomas Nash[e], Pierce Penilesse His Supplication to the Deuill. […], London: […] [John Charlewood for] Richard Ihones, […], →OCLC, signature B2, verso:

[W]hich excellent plant [scurvy-grass], Cæſars ſoldiers […] found to preuaile […] againſt that plague and hurtfull diſeaſe of the teeth, gums, and ſinevves, called the Scuruie, being a depriuation of all good bloode and moiſture, in the vvhole bodie, called Scorbutum; in Engliſh the Scuruie, and Skyrbie: […]

1597, John Gerarde [i.e., John Gerard], “Of Scuruie Grasse, or Spoonewoort”, in The Herball or Generall Historie of Plantes. […], London: […] Edm[und] Bollifant, for Bonham and Iohn Norton, →OCLC, book II, page 325, column 2:

[N]ovv vve have looſed the plough in the fields, they'l find vvork enough about home to keep us from the ſcurvey.

c. 1607–1626 (date written), Thomas Heywood, William Rowly [i.e., William Rowley], Fortune by Land and Sea. A Tragi-comedy. […], London: […] John Sweeting […], and Robert Pollard […], published 1655, →OCLC, Act III, scene i, page 21:

The Scurvies is the Mother and Nurſery of all Diſeaſes: and upon taking old, or any diſorder of Body, they branch out one Diſtemper or other, and yet the grand cauſe, vvhich is the Scurvies, remains all in one Body.

1674 October 25 (Gregorian calendar), George Jones, This is to Give You Notice of My Friendly Pill: The Like whereof was Never Found Out before, for Doing Good: […], London: [s.n.], →OCLC, pages 8–9:

But I muſt allovv that this VVater is moſt indovv'd vvith theſe Acid Streams by this means, and may repute it as moſt Medicinal in Scurvies, on the Score of the Quantity of Acid, Chalybeat, and Allummy, extraordinary in this.

1711, Benjamin Allen, “Scarborough-water in Yorkshire”, in The Natural History of the Mineral-waters of Great-Britain. […], London: […] [F]or the author, and sold by William Innys, […], →OCLC, page 34:

Native Animal Oils, as Fat, Cream, Butter, Marrovv, eſpecially the laſt, vvhich is excellent in ſome Scurvies.

1732, John Arbuthnot, “Practical Rules of Diet in the Various Constitutions and Diseases of Human Bodies. Chapter I. Of the Different Qualities and Effects of Alimentary Substances. 10. Abaters of Acrimony or Sharpness.”, in An Essay Concerning the Nature of Aliments, and the Choice of Them, According to the Different Constitutions of Human Bodies. […], 2nd edition, London: […] J[acob] Tonson […], →OCLC, page 264:

And then as to your ſcurvys, and gouts, rheumatiſms, conſumptions, coughs and catarrhs, tar-vvater and turpentine vvill make you as ſound as a roach.

1763 June 20 (first performance), Samuel Foote, The Mayor of Garret. A Comedy, […], London: […] P[aul] Vaillant, […], published 1764, →OCLC, Act I, scene i, page 4:

The chief use, however, of the fresh provisions was for the men with the scurvy. One of them was able to eat, and he soon brought himself to by gnawing upon raw potatoes; but the other, by this time, was hardly able to open his mouth; and the cook took the potatoes raw, pounded them in a mortar, and gave him the juice to drink.

1841, R[ichard] H[enry] D[ana], Jr., chapter XXXV, in Two Years before the Mast. […], London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, page 114:

Conditions were horrendous aboard most British naval vessels at the time. Scurvy and other diseases ran rampant, killing more seamen each year than all other causes combined, including combat.

2012 March, William E. Carter, Merri Sue Carter, “The British Longitude Act Reconsidered: Was It Responsible Governance or was It Subterfuge?”, in American Scientist, volume 100, number 2, New Haven, Conn.: Sigma Xi, the Scientific Research Society, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2016-01-21, page 87:

(uncountable, pathology) A disease caused by insufficient intake of vitamin C, leading to the formation of livid spots on the skin, spongy gums, loosening of the teeth, and bleeding into the skin and from almost all mucous membranes; (countable, obsolete) an occurrence of this disease.

إِسْقَرْبُوط

(uncountable, by extension, veterinary medicine, obsolete) A cattle disease, perhaps affecting the skin.


anoxic

(pathology) Suffering from a reduced supply of oxygen.

anòxic

suffering from a reduced supply of oxygen


avulsion

en-noun

avulsion (countable and uncountable, plural avulsions)

Immediately observable were avulsion of several teeth and extensive lacerations and bruising to the face.

(medicine, pathology) The loss or separation of a body part, either by surgery or due to trauma.


STI

For example, in the US army during the 21 months of the war that they were involved in, 6·8 million man days were lost due to STIs, and more than 10% of all disease admissions were for STIs.

2014 November 8, Prof G Dennis Shanks, MD, “How World War 1 changed global attitudes to war and infectious diseases”, in The Lancet, volume 384, number 9955, →DOI, page 1703b of 1699–1707:

This, of course, is something only people with that STI would know. For example, herpes is 437737.

2017 June 24, Arti Patel, “Dating with an STI: 7 ways to navigate the (often harsh) dating world”, in Global News:

Although both acute PID and STIs may remain asymptomatic, some of their shared long-term sequelae are tubal factor infertility (TFI), salpingitis, and adhesions and scarring of the fallopian tubes, ovaries, and surrounding peritoneal tissue. These sequelae have been further identified as factors potentially associated with EOC risk.

2023 December 11, Elizaveta Skarga, Heljä-Marja Surcel, Rudolf Kaaks, Tim Waterboer, Renée T Fortner, “Sexually Transmitted Infections and Risk of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: Results From the Finnish Maternity Cohort”, in The Journal of Infectious Diseases, volume 228, number 11, →DOI, pages 1621–1629:

sexually transmitted infection
sexually transmitted infection#English

(pathology) Initialism of sexually transmitted infection (also S.T.I.).

(pathology) Initialism of sexually transmitted illness.


infarct

Borrowed from Latin īnfarctus, tu-stem derivation of īnfarciō.

After RSE treatment for 90 days, there was no comparable fibrosis in noninfarct and infarct regions.

2015 December 10, “The Long-Term Consumption of Ginseng Extract Reduces the Susceptibility of Intermediate-Aged Hearts to Acute Ischemia Reperfusion Injury”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(pathology) An area of dead tissue caused by a loss of blood supply; a localized necrosis.


myocardial infarction

myocardial infarction (plural myocardial infarctions)

myocardial infarctions (plural)
myocardial infarct (alternative)

From Late Latin infarctus + French myocarde < from Greek ἔμφραγμα (obstacle) του (of) μυοκαρδίου (heart muscle).

(cardiology, pathology) Necrosis of heart muscle caused by an interruption to the supply of blood to the heart, often as a result of coronary thrombosis.


heart attack

→ Finnish: haartätäkki

Before kick-off, a section of Chelsea's support sadly let themselves and their club down by noisily interrupting the silence held in memory of the Hillsborough disaster and for Livorno midfielder Piermario Morosini, who collapsed and died after suffering a heart attack during a Serie B game on Saturday.

2012 April 15, Phil McNulty, “Tottenham 1-5 Chelsea”, in BBC:

myocardial infarction
myocardial infarction

(cardiology, pathology) An acute myocardial infarction, sometimes fatal, caused by the sudden occurrence of coronary thrombosis, which obstructs the blood supply to the heart and leads to necrosis of heart muscle tissue.


coronary thrombosis

(cardiology, pathology) Thrombosis of a coronary artery, that is, a blockage, caused by a blood clot, of the blood flow in a coronary artery of the heart, leading to myocardial infarction.


embolus

The term was coined in 1848 by Rudolf Virchow From Latin embolus (“piston”), from Ancient Greek ἔμβολος (émbolos, “peg, stopper”).

der

(pathology) An obstruction causing an embolism: a blood clot, air bubble or other matter carried by the bloodstream and causing a blockage or occlusion of a blood vessel.

тромб

an obstruction causing an embolism: a blood clot


embolism

The term was coined in 1848 by Rudolf Virchow. From Old French embolisme (“intercalation of days in a calendar to correct errors”), from Late Latin embolismus, from Ancient Greek ἐμβολισμός (embolismós, “intercalary”), from ἐμβάλλω (embállō, “to insert, throw in”).

(pathology) An obstruction or occlusion of a blood vessel by an embolus, that is by a blood clot, air bubble or other matter that has been transported by the blood stream.


sudden infant death syndrome

en-noun

sudden infant death syndrome (uncountable)

(pathology) The sudden and unexplained death of an infant aged one month to one year, normally while sleeping.


tubercle

tubercles (plural)
tubercule (alternative)
tuberculum (alternative)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-tubercle.wav

(pathology) A small rounded nodule forming the characteristic lesion of tuberculosis.


peritonitis

peritonitis (countable and uncountable, plural peritonitides or peritonites)

peritonitides (plural)
peritonites (plural)

Intraperitoneal injections of a strong solution produce fibrohemorrhagic peritonitis of varying intensity, according to the strength of the solution; while intraperitoneal injections of small quantities of a diluted solution of formalin induce a chronic peritonitis with great connective tissue proliferation, and a striking eosinophilia.

1901 December, E. Q. THORNTON M.D., “PRACTICAL THERAPEUTIC REFERENDUM”, in PROGRESSIVE MEDICINE. A QUARTERLY DIGEST OF ADVANCES DISCOVERIES AND IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEDICAL AND SURGICAL SCIENCES., volume IV, page 363:

(pathology) Inflammation of the peritoneum, especially when caused by an infectious organism introduced into the abdominal cavity.


bubonic plague

bubonic plague (countable and uncountable, plural bubonic plagues)

Yersinia pestis
Yersinia pestis#Translingual

(pathology) A contagious, often fatal, epidemic disease caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis, transmitted by the bite of fleas from an infected person or rodent, especially a rat, and characterized by delirium, chills, fever, vomiting, diarrhea, and the formation of buboes.


tenderness

tenderness (countable and uncountable, plural tendernesses)

tendernesses (plural)
tendernesse (alternative obsolete)

He noted her extreme tenderness when he touched the bruise on her thigh.

Amies Oelschlager said in a statement that oral contraceptives that contain estrogen may cause side effects such as headaches, nausea, and breast tenderness.

2023 July 21, Amanda Musa, “The FDA approved the US’ first over-the-counter birth control pill. What happens next?”, in CNN:

(medicine, pathology) A pain or discomfort when an affected area is touched.


paraplegia

paraplegia (countable and uncountable, plural paraplegias)

From New Latin paraplegia, from Ancient Greek παραπληγίη (paraplēgíē), Ionic Greek for παραπληξία (paraplēxía, “paralysis on one side”), from παραπλήσσεσθαι (paraplḗssesthai, “to be stricken on one side”), active παραπλήσσειν (paraplḗssein, “to strike on one side”), from παρά (pará, “beside”) + πλήσσειν (plḗssein, “to strike”).

(pathology) A condition where the lower half of a patient's body is paralyzed and cannot move.


sinusitis

sinusitis (usually uncountable, plural sinusitises or sinusitides)

sinusitises (plural)
sinusitides (plural)

(pathology) An inflammation of one or more paranasal sinuses.


HGV

(rare, pathology, virology) Abbreviation of hepatitis G virus.


hypoxia

hypoxia (countable and uncountable, plural hypoxias)

(pathology) A condition in which tissues are deprived of an adequate supply of oxygen .

недостиг на кислород

condition in which tissues are deprived of oxygen


anoxia

anoxia (usually uncountable, plural anoxias)

From an- (prefix meaning ‘lacking, without’) + ox- (meaning ‘oxygen’) + -ia (suffix forming names of diseases).

affix

(ecology, pathology) A condition in which a body tissue or an environment is severely or totally deprived of oxygen; severe hypoxia.


lead poisoning

en-noun

lead poisoning (countable and uncountable, plural lead poisonings)

(pathology) A chronic intoxication produced by the absorption of lead into the body, characterized by severe colicky pains, a dark line along the gums, and local muscular paralysis.


decompression sickness

(pathology) A sometimes fatal condition resulting from the formation of nitrogen bubbles in the blood and tissues, because of too rapid decompression, seen especially in deep-sea divers ascending rapidly from a dive. It is characterized by severe pains in the joints and chest, skin irritation, cramps, nausea, and paralysis.


angioedema

angioedema (usually uncountable, plural angioedemas)

angioedemas (plural)
angioœdema (alternative)
angio-œdema (alternative)
angiooedema (alternative)
angio-oedema (alternative)
angio-edema (alternative)

/ˌænd͡ʒiəʊ.ɪˈdiːmə/

Angioedema of the throat can cause suffocation and should be treated as a medical emergency.

(pathology) Swelling of the lower layers of the skin, often around the mouth, or of the mucosa or submucosa of the mouth or throat which can appear quickly in response to an allergen or due to other conditions

血管性水腫 /血管性水肿

swelling of the lower layers of the skin or of other tissues


cardiomyopathy

(pathology) The deterioration of the myocardium.


delirium tremens

From Latin dēlīrium tremēns (literally “trembling madness”), coined by Thomas Sutton in 1813.

bor

(pathology) A psychosis of chronic alcoholism, usually due to alcohol withdrawal, which can be fatal. Symptoms include sweating, tremors, terrifying hallucinations, insomnia, restlessness, disorientation and anxiety.


IAD

en-noun

IAD (countable and uncountable, plural IADs)

Internet addiction disorder
Internet addiction disorder#English

(neurology, pathology) Initialism of Internet addiction disorder.


neuralgia

neuralgia (countable and uncountable, plural neuralgias)

From New Latin neuralgia, from Ancient Greek νεῦρον (neûron, “nerve”) + ἄλγος (álgos, “pain”). By surface analysis, neur- + -algia.

(pathology, neurology) An acute, severe, intermittent pain that radiates along a nerve.


bilious

en-adj

bilious (comparative more bilious, superlative most bilious)

more bilious (comparative)
most bilious (superlative)

From French bilieux, from Latin bīliōsus (“full of bile”), from bīlis (“bile”) + -ōsus (“full of”).

Perry tells me that Mr. Cole never touches malt liquor. You would not think it to look at him, but he is bilious—Mr. Cole is very bilious.

1815, Jane Austen, Emma, volume II, chapter 7:

(pathology) Suffering from real or supposed liver disorder, especially excessive secretions of bile.

sappitautinen

suffering from real or supposed liver disorder


cirrhosis

en-noun

cirrhosis (countable and uncountable, plural cirrhoses)

From Ancient Greek κιρρός (kirrhós, “tawny”) and -osis.

(pathology) A chronic disease of the liver caused by damage from toxins (including alcohol), metabolic problems, hepatitis, or nutritional deprivation, characterised by an increase in fibrous tissue and the destruction of liver cells.


West Nile fever

(pathology) A disease caused by the West Nile virus that is transmitted from birds to mosquitoes and then to people. Symptoms include drowsiness, headache and nausea, pain in the abdomen, a rash, and swollen glands, and may prove fatal.


impetigo

impetigo (countable and uncountable, plural impetigos or impetigoes or impetigines)

impetigos (plural)
impetigoes (plural)
impetigines (plural)

/ɪmpɪˈtaɪɡəʊ/

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-impetigo.wav

Learned borrowing from Latin impetīgō, from impetĕre (literally “to rush upon, assail, attack”).

(pathology) A contagious bacterial skin disease forming pustules and yellow crusty sores, chiefly on the face and hands. It is common in children and infection is often through cuts or insect bites.


anthrax

anthrax (usually uncountable, plural anthraxes)

From Ancient Greek ἄνθραξ (ánthrax, “abscess, boil”).

der

Bacillus anthracis
Bacillus anthracis#Translingual

(pathology) An acute infectious disease of herbivores, especially sheep and cattle, caused by Bacillus anthracis.


alcoholism

en-noun

alcoholism (usually uncountable, plural alcoholisms)

From alcohol + -ism. Derived from New Latin alcoholismus chronicus, coined by the Swedish professor of medicine Magnus Huss in 1849.


ataxia

en-noun

ataxia (countable and uncountable, plural ataxias)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀταξία (ataxía, “disorder”), derived from ἄτακτος (átaktos, “disorderly”).

bor+

Cerebellar dysfunction is characterized by truncal ataxia, a broad-based stance, dysmetria in which the limbs either overstep (hypermetria) or understep (hypometria), and tremor that is most pronounced when the animal attempts a goal-orientated movement (intention tremor).

2004, Johnny D. Hoskins, Geriatrics and Gerontology of the Dog and Cat, →ISBN, page 358:

(pathology) Lack of coordination while performing voluntary movements, which may appear to be clumsiness, inaccuracy, or instability.


EB

en-noun

EB (countable and uncountable, plural EBs)

(pathology) Initialism of elementary body.


PKC

(pathology) Initialism of paroxysmal kinesigenic choreoathetosis.


phantom limb

Weak or pulverized
No better medicine
Angels have been advised
Don't want no requiem
I'll just haunt you like a phantom limb

2013, “Phantom Limb”, performed by Alice in Chains:

(pathology) The false sensation, which is often painful, that an amputated limb is still present and attached.


zoster

zoster (countable and uncountable, plural zosters)

From Latin zōstēr, from Ancient Greek ζωστήρ (zōstḗr).

(uncountable, pathology) The disease called herpes zoster (from the typically beltlike pattern of its rash); shingles.


sciatica

sciatica (countable and uncountable, plural sciaticas)

Late Middle English, from Late Latin sciatica, feminine of sciaticus, from Ancient Greek ἰσχιαδικός (iskhiadikós), the adjective of ἰσχίον (iskhíon, “hip”).

He picked up his own phone, shunned limos and preferred to walk if possible (sciatica later caused him to use a wheelchair) – as, for example, on the day after his election when he slipped away on foot to collect his suitcase and settle the bill at the modest pensione where he had been booked in before the conclave began.

2025 April 21, Peter Stanford, “Pope Francis obituary”, in The Guardian:

(pathology, neurology) Neuralgia of the sciatic nerve, characterised by pain radiating down through the buttocks and the back of the thigh.


pertussis

pertussis (countable and uncountable, plural pertusses)

From New Latin, from Latin per- (“thorough”) + tussis (“cough”).

With the introduction of an improved and standardized pertussis vaccine in the 1940s, there followed a remarkable decline in pertussis in the United States, most of the Western world, and Australia, New Zealand, and Japan.

1976, Charles R. Manclark, “The Current Status of Pertussis Vaccine: An Overview”, in D. Perlman, editor, Advances in Applied Microbiology, volume 20, page 1:

Bordetella pertussis is a Gram-negative bacterial pathogen that infects the human respiratory tract, causing the disease pertussis or whooping cough.

2009, Zoë E. V. Worthington, Nicholas H. Carbonetti, “18: Bordetella pertussis”, in Karl Wooldridge, editor, Bacterial Secreted Proteins: Secretory Mechanisms and Role in Pathogenesis, page 413:

2015, Dr. Stephen Berger, Pertussis: Global Status, GIDEON Informatics, Inc., E-book, page 343,
During 1993 to 2004, the hospitalization rate [in the US] for pertussis among infants ages <= 2 months was 239 per 100,000 live births.


diphtheria

diphtheria (countable and uncountable, plural diphtherias)

diphtherias (plural)
diptheria (alternative)

/dɪfˈθɪə.ɹi.ə/

/dɪpˈθɪə.ɹi.ə/

From French diphtérie (later for a while also spelled diphthérie) in 1857, which was coined in 1855 with the suffix -ie to replace -ite in the previous term diphtérite for the disease because it affects more than one part of the body. The previous term (later for a while also spelled diphthérite) was coined in 1817 by Pierre Bretonneau using Ancient Greek διφθέρα (diphthéra, “prepared hide, leather”) in reference to the tough membrane that forms in the throat.
Bretonneau perhaps coined and used the Latin term diphtheritis (with its close imitation of Greek spelling typical of Neolatin) even earlier than the French term diphtérite, which follows the French habit of sometimes spelling t for the Latin transliteration th of Greek θ (but not, for example, in thermomètre).

der

Today diphtheria has become so rare — just five cases in the United States in the most recent decade measured — that many doctors would struggle to recognize it.

2019, Bill Bryson, The Body: A Guide for Occupants, Black Swan (2020), page 377:

(pathology) A serious infectious disease leading to inflammation of mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract, caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae.

witseerkeel

infectious disease of the upper respiratory tract


astigmatism

en-noun

astigmatism (countable and uncountable, plural astigmatisms)

From a- (negative prefix) + stem of Ancient Greek στίγμα (stígma, “mark, point”) + -ism. Coined by English polymath William Whewell in 1846.

coin

(pathology) A disorder of the vision, usually due to a misshapen cornea, such that light does not focus correctly on the retina causing a blurred image.


hyperopia

en-noun

hyperopia (countable and uncountable, plural hyperopias)

(pathology) A disorder of the vision where the eye focuses images behind the retina instead of on it, so that distant objects can be seen better than near objects.


haemophilia

haemophilia (countable and uncountable, plural haemophilias)

haemophilias (plural)
hæmophilia (alternative)
hemophilia (alternative US)

From haemo- + -philia, from Ancient Greek αἷμα (haîma, “blood”) + φιλία (philía, “friendship”). Originally called haemorrhaphilia, probably from the word haemorrhage.

(British spelling, pathology) Any of several hereditary illnesses that impair the body's ability to control bleeding, usually passed from mother to son.

هِيمُوفِيلِيَا

any of several hereditary illnesses that impair the body's ability to control bleeding


dyspepsia

dyspepsia (countable and uncountable, plural dyspepsias)

From dys- + Ancient Greek πέψις (pépsis, “digestion”) + -ia.

der

He divides dyspepsias into accidental, temporary (indigestions) and habitual.

It is not my strength of mind (exert it as I may) that will prevent me from experiencing dyspepsia, if such follies as these are exhibited before me.

1842, [anonymous collaborator of Letitia Elizabeth Landon], chapter XLIII, in Lady Anne Granard; or, Keeping up Appearances. […], volume II, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 253:

"And the cramps when my body - like a badly articulated skeleton - would all get twisted into one rigid tangle! But now, except some dyspepsia and urticaria of the palms, I am free from pain."

1925 July – 1926 May, A[rthur] Conan Doyle, “(please specify the chapter number)”, in The Land of Mist (eBook no. 0601351h.html), Australia: Project Gutenberg Australia, published April 2019:

I've never hunted myself, but I understand that half the battle is being able to make noises like some jungle animal with dyspepsia, and I believe that Aunt Dahlia in her prime could lift fellow-members of the Quorn and Pytchley out of their saddles with a single yip, though separated from them by two ploughed fields and a spinney.

1960, P[elham] G[renville] Wodehouse, chapter XII, in Jeeves in the Offing, London: Herbert Jenkins, →OCLC:

(pathology) Any mild disorder of digestion characterised by stomach pain, discomfort, heartburn, and nausea, often following a meal.


heartburn

en-noun

heartburn (countable and uncountable, plural heartburns)

heartburns (plural)
heart-burn (alternative)

/ˈhɑːtˌbɜːn/

From Middle English hertbryne, herte-bren (“lust", also "heartburn”, literally “heart burn”), equivalent to heart + burn. Compare also Middle English herte-brennyng (“anger, bitterness, heartburn”, literally “burning of/in the heart, heart-burning”). Compare also Ancient Greek καρδιαλγία (kardialgía), from καρδία (kardía, “heart”) + ἄλγος (álgos, “pain”). From being a burning sensation near the location of the heart in the chest.

cog

Coordinate term: cardiodynia

(pathology) A burning pain in the chest that is caused by stomach acid entering the gullet.

rescoldera / ardentilla / agriera (monosemic)


cold abscess

(pathology) A chronic abscess that forms slowly, without pain, heat or inflammation.


Chagas' disease

Named after Brazilian physician Carlos Chagas, who first described it in 1909.

named-after

(pathology) A form of trypanosomiasis prevalent in South America, caused by the parasitic trypanosome T. cruzi. It is transmitted to many mammals such as humans through insect bites, mainly by kissing bugs. Symptoms include fever, oedema, cardiomyopathy, and enlargement of the spleen and lymph nodes. It can be fatal.


carbuncle

/ˈkɑɹˌbʌŋ.kl̩/

From Middle English carbuncle, charbocle, from Old French carbuncle, charbuncle, from Latin carbunculus (“a small coal; a reddish kind of precious stone; a kind of tumor”), diminutive of carbō (“a coal, charcoal”). Doublet of Garfinkel and Garfunkel.

der

(pathology) An abscess larger than a boil, usually with one or more openings draining pus onto the skin. It is usually caused by staphylococcal infection.


testudo

en-noun

testudo (plural testudos or testudoes or testudines)

testudos (plural)
testudoes (plural)
testudines (plural)

Unadapted borrowing from Latin testūdō (“tortoise, turtle, lyre, type of military shelter”).


scabies

From Middle English scabies, scabiez, from Latin scabiēs (“scurf; scab, mange, itch”), from scabō (“scratch, scrape”, verb).

der

Further, just as the discovery of the cause of scabies proved the absurdity of many of the old prescriptions for the prevention and treatment of that disease; so the discovery of the cause of splenic fever, and other such maladies, has given a new direction to prophylactic and curative measures against the worst scourges of humanity.

1889, T. H. Huxley, The Advance of Science in the Last Half-Century:

Sarcoptes scabiei
Sarcoptes scabiei#Translingual

(pathology) An infestation of parasitic mites, Sarcoptes scabiei, causing intense itching caused by the mites burrowing into the skin of humans and other animals. It is easily transmissible from human to human; secondary skin infection may occur.

zgjebe

an infestation of parasitic mites, Sarcoptes scabiei


scarlet fever

en-noun

scarlet fever (countable and uncountable, plural scarlet fevers)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-scarlet fever.wav

(attraction to soldiers): In allusion to the red coats they used to wear.

"I am sure," replied Mrs. Palmer, "if it were not wicked, I should be glad that you had the scarlet fever; I am so much happier since I knew you...

1838 (date written), L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter V, in Lady Anne Granard; or, Keeping up Appearances. […], volume I, London: Henry Colburn, […], published 1842, →OCLC, page 54:

(pathology) A streptococcal infection, mainly occurring among children, and characterized by a red skin rash, sore throat and fever.


rubella

From Latin rubellus (“reddish”), diminutive of ruber (“red”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ-.

At issue is the so-called MMR vaccine, which immunizes children against measles, mumps and rubella, three potentially deadly diseases that were once common and have been mostly wiped out.

2002 February 10, Sarah Lyall, “Britain Tries to Quell Fear Over Vaccine for Children”, in The New York Times, archived from the original on 2021-02-14:

They have congenital rubella syndrome, which they acquired during an outbreak of the rubella virus, or German measles.

2016 September 8, Jessica Ravitz, “Can forgotten rubella children of the ’60s hold clue for Zika babies?”, in CNN:

(pathology) A mild disease caused by the Rubella virus infecting the respiratory tract, and characterised by a rash of pink dots, fever and swollen lymph nodes.


German measles

First described and distinguished from rubeola, red measles by the German doctor Friedrich Hoffmann in 1740

(pathology, now possibly offensive) Rubella.


Lassa fever

When he showed up in A & E with a cough and chest pain later that evening, the doctor on call suspected Lassa fever and asked that he be transferred to Ifẹ̀ for isolation.

2023, Ayọ̀bámi Adébáyọ̀, A Spell of Good Things, Canongate Books, page 243:

(pathology) An acute, and often fatal, viral infection endemic to West Africa. Symptoms include fever, sore throat, muscle aches, a skin rash, headache, abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhoea, ulcers, heart and kidney failure.


poliomyelitis

poliomyelitis (countable and uncountable, plural poliomyelitides)

pŏ'lĭōmīəlīʹtĭs

pō'lĭōmīəlīʹtĭs

/ˌpɒlɪəʊmaɪəˈlaɪtɪs/

/ˈpəʊlɪəʊmaɪəˈlaɪtɪs/

Borrowed from German Poliomyelitis, from the Ancient Greek πολιός (poliós, “grey”) + μυελός (muelós, “marrow”) + -ῖτις (-îtis, “-itis”). Compare French poliomyélite.

af

(pathology) Acute infection by the poliovirus, especially of the motor neurons in the spinal cord and brainstem, leading to muscle weakness, paralysis and sometimes deformity.

急性灰白髄炎

きゅうせいかいはくずいえん


emphysema

en-noun

emphysema (countable and uncountable, plural emphysemas or emphysemata)

emphysemas (plural)
emphysemata (plural)

Multiple origins. Partially from post-Classical Latin emphȳsēma (“swelling”), from Ancient Greek ἐμφῡ́σημα (emphū́sēma), from ἐμφῡσάω (emphūsáō, “to puff up”). Also borrowed from Middle French emphysema, from the same Latin source; compare French emphysème. Attested from the late 16th century.

(pathology) An abnormal accumulation of air or other gas in tissues, most commonly the lungs.


lumbago

lumbago (countable and uncountable, plural lumbagos)

/lʌmˈbeɪɡəʊ/

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-lumbago.wav

/ˌlʌmˈbeɪˌɡoʊ/

The noun is borrowed from Late Latin lumbāgō (“backache of the lumbar region”), from Late Latin lumbus (“lumbar”), Latin lumbus (“loin”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *lendʰ- (“loins”)) + -āgō (suffix forming nouns describing objects, animals, and plants).
The verb is derived from the noun.

bor

Sir Oswald Feiling winced as he turned to go home. He had felt a warning twinge of lumbago.

1935, Francis Beeding [pseudonym; John Palmer], chapter VII, in The Norwich Victims, London: Arcturus Publishing, published 2013, →ISBN, →OL, section 2:

We may imagine an athletics coach with a scientific training researching into the physiology and the psychology of runners. [...] He finds out the effects of fatigue, of alcohol, of tobacco, of lumbago and of depression upon their performances.

1953, Gilbert Ryle, “Dilemma VII: Perception”, in Dilemmas: The Tarner Lectures, 1953, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, New York, N.Y.: Cambridge University Press, published 1954 (1987 printing), →ISBN, page 105:

(uncountable) Backache of the lumbar region or lower back, which can be caused by muscle strain or a slipped disc.

(countable) An episode of such backache.


lumbago

en-verb

lumbago (third-person singular simple present lumbagos, present participle lumbagoing, simple past and past participle lumbagoed)

lumbagos (present singular third-person)
lumbagoing (participle present)
lumbagoed (participle past)
lumbagoed (past)

/lʌmˈbeɪɡəʊ/

/ˌlʌmˈbeɪˌɡoʊ/

(transitive) To affect (someone) with lumbago.


sepsis

en-noun

sepsis (countable and uncountable, plural sepses)

coined by Hippocrates From Ancient Greek σῆψις (sêpsis, “putrefaction”), from σήπειν (sḗpein, “to make rotten”), from σήψ (sḗps, “a kind of lizard; also a kind of serpent whose bite was alleged to cause putrefaction”).

der

Imagine the sepsis of helpless loathing [Jimmy Connors] must have inspired in his opponents during his "great runs" at the US Open.

1994, Martin Amis, New Yorker, reprinted in The Rub of Time (NY: Knopf, 2017), pp. 213-14

(pathology) A serious medical condition in which the whole body is inflamed, causing injury to its own tissues and organs as a response to infection.


verruca

(pathology) A wart, especially one that grows on the foot, caused by a human papilloma virus.


repetitive strain injury

en-noun

repetitive strain injury (plural repetitive strain injuries)

repetitive strain injuries (plural)
as RSI (abbreviation)

(pathology) injury to muscles and tendons caused by continuous repetitive use of particular muscle groups, especially in one's arms and hands, for example by using a keyboard and/or mouse, playing a musical instrument or working on an assembly line

重複使力傷害 /重复使力伤害

injury to muscles and tendons caused by repetitive use

(acronym "LER") lesão por esforço repetitivo


tularemia

Tulare County, California, where it was discovered, + -emia

Tularemia, an infectious disease spread by ticks, kills 150 or so people a year in America.

2019, Bill Bryson, The Body: A Guide for Occupants, Black Swan (2020), page 372:

(pathology) An infectious disease caused by the bacterium Francisella tularensis.


sexually transmitted disease

sexually transmitted disease (plural sexually transmitted diseases)

Tok Pisin: seksueli transmitet disis

SHEPARD: Have you got a minute to talk?
MORDIN: Perhaps later. Trying to determine how scale itch got onto Normandy. Sexually transmitted disease only carried by varren. Implications unpleasant.

2010, BioWare, Mass Effect 2, Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →OCLC, PC, scene: Normandy SR-2:

(pathology) Any of various diseases that are usually contracted through sexual contact.

دَاء مَنْقُول جِنْسِيًّا

disease contracted through sexual contact — see also venereal disease, STD

性行為感染症

せいこういかんせんしょう

zabolevánije, peredajúščejesja polovým putjóm

заболева́ние, передаю́щееся половы́м путём

zaxvórjuvannja, ščo peredajétʹsja statévym šljáxom

захво́рювання, що передає́ться стате́вим шля́хом


sublime

en-adj

sublime (comparative sublimer, superlative sublimest)

sublimer (comparative)
sublimest (superlative)

The adjective is derived from Middle French sublime (“admirable, excellent, perfect; placed in a high position; reaching a great height; of a person: of high office or rank”) (modern French sublime), and from its etymon Latin sublīmis, sublīmus (“elevated, raised; exalted, uplifted, sublime”, adjective): see etymology 1.
The noun is derived from Middle French sublime (“elevated style in writing; quality in art or nature inspiring awe, reverence, etc.”) (modern French sublime), from the adjective: see further above.
Cognates
* Catalan sublim
* Italian sublime
* Portuguese sublime
* Spanish sublime

վեհ

of a person: dignified, majestic, noble — see also dignified, majestic, noble

(pathology) Of breathing: very laboured.


rickets

Unknown. Originally a local name for the disease in Dorset and Somerset, England. Occasionally postulated to be derived from a Dorsetian dialectal term *rucket (“to breathe with difficulty, wheeze”), but the semantic connection is tenuous. See rachitis, but the medical name was chosen purposefully by English physician Daniel Whistler from phonetic similarity to rickets.

(pathology) A disorder of infancy and early childhood due to a deficiency of vitamin D, causing soft or weak bones.


insectophobia

Remembering her insectophobia I did not point out the amazing line of ants ferrying leaves up the wall.

(pathology) An abnormal fear of insects.


decubitus

Borrowed from New Latin dēcubitus (“lying down”).

(pathology) Ellipsis of decubitus ulcer.


Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

Named after German neurologists Hans Gerhard Creutzfeldt (1885–1964) and Alfons Maria Jakob (1884–1931).

named-after

(pathology, neurology) A rare, progressive, fatal disease of the nervous system, characterized by dementia and loss of muscle control. It is a prion disease, apparently transmissible from animals to humans by eating infected tissue, as well as from tissue interchanges among humans (e.g. corneal transplants, blood transfusions).


CJD

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease#English

(pathology, neurology) Initialism of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.


cold sore

Compound of cold + sore, probably for the tendency of the vesicles to recur along with other illness, or possibly during cold weather, though this explanation is less common. Compare synonym fever blister.

(pathology) A small bump (namely a vesicle) on the lips resulting from infection by herpes simplex viruses (mostly HHV1 but also HHV2).


ARC

en-noun

ARC (countable and uncountable, plural ARCs)

AIDS-related complex
AIDS-related complex#English

(pathology) Initialism of AIDS-related complex.


neuritis

neuritis (countable and uncountable, plural neuritides or neuritises)

Optic neuritis (or retrobulbar neuritis) is the inflammation of the optic nerve that may cause a complete or partial loss of vision.

(neurology, pathology) Inflammation of one or more nerves.


salpingitis

salpingitis (countable and uncountable, plural salpingitises or salpingitides)

salpingitises (plural)
salpingitides (plural)

(pathology) Inflammation of the Fallopian tube or the Eustachian tube as a result of infection.


avian influenza

(pathology) Any strain of influenza carried by and primarily affecting birds.


speciation

speciation (usually uncountable, plural speciations)

requirements specifying speciation and serotyping in addition to reporting of presence or absence

(medicine, pathology) The determination of which species are present in a fluid or tissue specimen, bacterial culture, or viral culture.


irritated

en-adj

irritated (comparative more irritated, superlative most irritated)

more irritated (comparative)
most irritated (superlative)

/ˈɪɹɪteɪtɪd/


ichor

en-noun

ichor (countable and uncountable, plural ichors)

Sense 1 (“liquid said to flow in place of blood in the veins of the gods”) is borrowed from Medieval Latin ichor, from Ancient Greek ῑ̓χώρ (īkhṓr, “fluid running through the veins of gods, ichor; watery part of blood, lymph, serum; watery part of milk, whey; gravy; pus; naphtha”); further etymology unknown, probably from Pre-Greek.
Sense 2.4 (“fetid, watery discharge from a sore”) is from Middle English icor, icore [and other forms], from Medieval Latin ichor; see further above.

der

(pathology, obsolete) A fetid, watery discharge from a sore; pus.

վէրք

fetid, watery discharge from a sore — see also pus


botulism

en-noun

botulism (usually uncountable, plural botulisms)

From German Botulismus, from Latin botulus (“sausage”), the first identified source of the disease, + -ism.

Clostridium botulinum
Clostridium botulinum#Translingual

(pathology) Poisoning caused by the toxin from Clostridium botulinum, an anaerobic bacterium that grows in improperly prepared food.


equine rhabdomyelosis

(veterinary medicine) A condition that affects the muscles of horses, ranging from stiffness and mild cramps to the horse becoming unable to stand and producing discoloured urine.


rachitis

Unadapted borrowing from New Latin rachitis, used by the British physician Francis Glisson (1597–1677) to refer to rickets, from Koine Greek ῥαχῖτις (rhakhîtis) (in ῥαχῖτις νόσος (rhakhîtis nósos, “spinal inflammation”, literally “spinal disease”)), the feminine form of ῥαχίτης (rhakhítēs, “in or of the spine, spinal”), from Ancient Greek ῥάχῐς (rhákhĭs, “lower part of the back; (anatomy) backbone, spine”) (probably ultimately Pre-Greek) + -ῖτις (-îtis) (feminine form of -ῑ́της (-ī́tēs, suffix forming nouns with the sense ‘one connected to’)). By surface analysis, rachi- + -itis.

nb...

operâ primò ac potissimm Francisci Glissonii Doctoris & publici professoris medicinæ in almâ Cantabrigiæ academiâ, & socii collegii medicorum Londinensium, conscriiptus: adscitis in operis societatem Georgio Bate, & Ahasuero Regemortero medicinæ quoque doctoribus, & pariter sociis collegii medicorum Londinensium

First and Most Powerfully by Francis Glisson Doctor & Public Professor of Medicine in the University of Cambridge, & a Member of the College of Physicians of London: Approved in affiliated works by George Bate, & Assuerus Regimorter also doctors of medicine, & fellow members of the College of Physicians of London

apud quos veneunt in vico vulgò-vocato Little Britain

and to be sold in the neighbourhood commonly known as Little Britain


viraemia

viraemias (plural)
viremia (alternative)
viræmia (alternative)

From Latin virus (“poison”), in conjunction with Ancient Greek αἷμα (“blood”).

(pathology) The condition or disease of having a virus in the bloodstream.


farsightedness

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-farsightedness.wav

(pathology) The condition of being unable to focus on near objects; presbyopia.


PAM

en-noun

PAM (countable and uncountable, plural PAMs)

(pathology) Initialism of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis.


zymotic

From Ancient Greek ζυμωτικός (zumōtikós, “causing fermentation”), from ζυμοῦν (zumoûn).

uder

[…] these […] accounts by no means bear out the zymotic doctrine of the Board of Health as to the cause of cholera; for where the zymotic influences from the sewers were the worst, […] the cholera was the least destructive.

1851, Henry Mayhew, London Labour and the London Poor, volume 2, London: G. Newbold, page 395:

The incidence of zymotic diseases upon any particular organ or set of organs, is, of course, well recognised; one recalls the nephritis of scarlatina, the endocarditis of rheumatism, gastritis of rabies, and—perhaps the most striking instance of the selective affinity of disease for specific local manifestation—the lesions of foot-and-mouth disease.

1901 August 16, H. Watkins-Pitchford, “Horsesickness”, in The Agricultural Journal and Mining Record, volume 4, number 12, page 354:

Farr concluded that overcrowding was the main determinant of high mortality from what (following Liebig) he style ‘zymotic diseases’.

1997, Roy Porter, The Greatest Benefit to Mankind, Folio Society, published 2016, page 394:

(pathology, now historical) Infectious, contagious, of diseases originally regarded as being caused by a process similar to fermentation.


sclerotic

en-adj

sclerotic (comparative more sclerotic, superlative most sclerotic)

more sclerotic (comparative)
most sclerotic (superlative)

The outer wood exposed to the air may become carbonaceous due to the interaction of sclerotic mycelium and the wood.

1920, Clarence Ritchie Phipps, Plant Lice Injurious to Apple Orchards:

(anatomy or pathology) Having or relating to sclerosis; hardened.


invasive

invasive (comparative more invasive, superlative most invasive)

more invasive (comparative)
most invasive (superlative)

PIE word
 *h₁én
The adjective is derived from Middle English invasif (“of a weapon: offensive”), from Middle French invasif, Old French invasif (“invasive”) (modern French invasif), from Medieval Latin invāsīvus, from Latin invāsus (“entered; invaded”) + -īvus (suffix forming adjectives). Invāsus is the perfect passive participle of invādō (“to enter; to invade”), from in- (prefix meaning ‘in, inside’) + vādō (“to go; to rush; to walk”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *weh₂dʰ- (“to go, proceed; to pass, traverse”)).
The noun is derived from the adjective.

der

Two patients developed cancer in the upper urinary tract, and 3 eventually developed invasive cancer.

1982, William W. Bonney, George R. Prout, Jr., editors, Bladder Cancer: American Urological Association Seminar on Bladder Cancer, Chicago, Illinois, April 1980 (AUA Monographs; 1), Baltimore, Md.: Williams & Wilkins, →ISBN, page 162:

(pathology) Of a carcinoma or other abnormal growth: that invades healthy tissue, especially rapidly.


encephalomyelitis

(pathology) Inflammation of the brain and spinal cord.

encefalomyelitida

inflammation of the brain and spinal cord


nosocomial

Learned borrowing from Late Latin nosocomīum (“hospital, infirmary”) + English -al (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’ forming adjectives). Nosocomīum is borrowed from Ancient Greek νοσοκομεῖον (nosokomeîon, “hospital, infirmary”), from νοσοκομέω (nosokoméō, “to tend the sick”) + -εῖον (-eîon, suffix forming nouns denoting places); νοσοκομέω (nosokoméō) is from νόσος (nósos, “disease, illness, sickness”) (further etymology uncertain) + κομέω (koméō, “to take care of, look after, tend”) (from Proto-Indo-European *kem(H)- (“to be tired; to exert oneself”)).

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It is a febrile disease accompanied by symptoms quite peculiar to it. […] There is a peculiar conformity between it and nosocomial fever, or typhus of prisons, described by Pringle [i.e., Sir John Pringle, 1st Baronet], a disease of a complicated nature, and named by Pinal adynamic & ataxic fever. We shall soon see that both may originate from analogous causes, and that a contagion not being sufficiently strong for developing the true nosocomial fever among healthy persons, may, nevertheless, produce hospital gangrene.

1815 November, S[ebald] J[ustinus] Brugmans, “Memoir on the State and Composition of the Atmosphere, Considered as the Cause of the Hospital Gangrene, or Putrescence among the Wounded”, in The London Medical and Physical Journal. […], volume XXXIV, number 5 (number 201 overall), London: Printed for the proprietors, by J. and C. Adlard, […]; published by J. Souter, […], →OCLC, § 10.2, page 398:

Professor Laveran furnishes this narration as a specimen of the injurious effects which nosocomial influences exert upon otherwise benign affections. The return of troops from the Italian war had the effect of producing great accumulations of troops in the military Hospitals. […] [W]e find that some [febrile diseases], as malarial diseases for example, are benefited by the very fact of residence within an Hospital, and are but little subjected to nosocomial influences.

1861 August 31, [Charles Louis Alphonse] Laveran, anonymous transl., “[Progress of Medical Science. Selections from Foreign Journals.] On an Epidemic of Measles at Val de Gr[â]ce.”, in The Medical Times and Gazette. A Journal of Medical Science, Literature, Criticism, and News, volume II, number 583, London: John Churchill, […], →OCLC, page 229, column 1:

Gosselin discovered that this mode of [raw cotton] dressing was not a certain prophylactic against nosocomial intoxication, because he saw a patient die of purulent infection, whose limb had been amputated in his service, and in another case an attack of erysipelas followed.

1880 October 20, Jules Rochard, translated by B. A. Watson, “[Translations. From the French.] New Modes of Surgical Treatment. (‘Histoire de la Chirurgie Française’ par le Docteur Jules Rochard. Edit. 1875.)”, in Tho[ma]s F. Rumbold, editor, The Saint Louis Medical and Surgical Journal, volume XXXIX, number 8, St. Louis, Mo.: [s.n.], →OCLC, page 488:

Nosocomial infections are infections occurring during hospitalization that were not present, and not incubating, at the time of hospital admission[…]. All patients in an ICU are at increased risk of developing nosocomial infections[…].

1984 November, Robert A. Berenson, “Outcomes of Intensive Care: Medical Benefits and Cost Effectiveness”, in Intensive Care Units (ICUs): Clinical Outcomes, Costs, and Decisionmaking (Health Technology Case Study; 28), Washington, D.C.: Office of Technology Assessment, Congress of the United States, →OCLC, page 40:

The most common nosocomial infections are urinary tract infections (42 percent), followed by surgical wound infections (24 percent), pneumonia (10 percent), and infections of the bloodstream (bacteremia) (5 percent). […] Almost three-quarters of nosocomial infections occur among patients undergoing surgery […] The most difficult obstacle to the reliable measurement of nosocomial infections is the lack of standardized case finding.

1988 June, Office of Technology Assessment, Congress of the United States, “Adverse Events”, in The Quality of Medical Care: Information for Consumers (OTA-H-386), Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, →OCLC, page 109, column 1:

For many years we have known that patients at high risk for nosocomial rhinosinusitis are those who require extended periods of intensive care with prolonged endotracheal intubation or nasogastric tubing[…]. Nasotracheal intubation has a higher risk for nosocomial sinusitis than orotracheal intubation[…].

2014, Elizabeth K. Hoddeson, Sarah K. Wise, “Acute Rhinosinusitis”, in Jonas T. Johnson, Clark A. Rosen, Bailey’s Head and Neck Surgery—Otolaryngology, 5th edition, volume 1, Baltimore, Md., Philadelphia, Pa.: Wolters Kluwer Health; Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, →ISBN, section III (Rhinology and Allergy), page 512, column 2:

(pathology) Of an infection or its cause: arising from the environment of, or treatment in, a hospital.

nosokomiaal

of an infection or its cause: arising from the environment of, or treatment in, a hospital

durch den Aufenthalt oder der Behandlung in einem Krankenhaus verursacht


Bright's disease

(pathology) Any of several diseases of the kidney characterized by inflammation, and the presence of albumin in the urine; nephritis.


GBS

Guillain-Barré syndrome
Guillain-Barré syndrome#English

(neurology, pathology) Initialism of Guillain-Barré syndrome.


torsade

en-noun

torsade (countable and uncountable, plural torsades)

Magnesium infusions for atrial fibrillation & torsade


TDR

totally drug resistant
totally drug resistant#English

(medicine, pharmacology, pathology) Abbreviation of totally drug resistant.


dipsomania

dipsomania (countable and uncountable, plural dipsomanias)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-dipsomania.wav

From dipso- (“thirst; drinking”) + -mania.


-oma

From Ancient Greek -ωμα (-ōma), from verbs in -όω (-óō) + -μα (-ma) (from Proto-Indo-European *-mn̥), which lengthens a preceding vowel.

(pathology) Forming nouns indicating disease or morbidity.

-oom

suffix forming nouns indicating disease or morbidity

(pathology, specifically) Forming nouns indicating tumors or masses, which may be non-neoplastic or (more often) neoplastic, and (if the latter) either benign or malignant (cancerous); in accord with present-day understanding of histopathology, the suffix is now nonproductive for non-neoplastic senses.

-oma

suffix forming nouns indicating tumors or masses


glioma

(pathology) A tumour that arises from glial cells in the brain or spinal cord


mesothelioma

mesothelioma (countable and uncountable, plural mesotheliomas or mesotheliomata)

mesotheliomas (plural)
mesotheliomata (plural)

He died a few weeks later, his mesothelioma perhaps caused by the asbestos-lined ceiling he cracked open at 430 King's Road. [Malcom] McLaren had stood there regaling in the mess, while everybody else ran for safety.

2025 June 14, Paul Caruana Galizia, “Love, lies and punk”, in FT Weekend, Life & Arts, page 19:

(pathology, oncology) An uncommon malignant tumour of the mesothelium, usually of the lungs after exposure to asbestos.


teratoma

teratoma (plural teratomas or teratomata)

/tɛɹəˈtəʊmə/

From German Teratom; equivalent to terato- + -oma.

‘What is a teratoma?’ asked Jack, holding the object in his hand. ‘A kind of grenado?’ ‘It is an inward wen, a tumour: we find them, occasionally, in the abdominal cavity. Sometimes they contain long black hair, sometimes a set of teeth: this has both hair and teeth.’

(pathology) A benign or malignant tumour, especially of the gonads, that arises from germ cells and consists of different types of tissue such as skin, hair, or muscle.


myeloma

(pathology, oncology) A malignant tumour arising from cells of the bone marrow, specifically plasma cells.


fibroma

(pathology) A benign tumour of fibrous connective tissue.


neoplasm

From neo- + plasm, after German Neoplasma.

Other and less common causes for an oromaxillary fistula are infections, cysts and neoplasms of the maxilla which may destroy the intervening bone, resulting in a fistula between the maxillary sinus and the oral cavity.

1947, William Lincoln Ballenger, Howard Charles Ballenger, John Jacob Ballenger, Diseases of the Nose, Throat and Ear, page 208:

While we cannot firmly attribute the cause of the benign neoplasm to the irregularity in your genetic makeup, we can confirm that the progressive damage renders you unable to conceive a child.

2010, BioWare, Mass Effect 2: Lair of the Shadow Broker (Science Fiction), Redwood City: Electronic Arts, PC, scene: Miranda Lawson Dossier: Medical Correspondence:

Angiosarcoma is the most-common differentiated malignant neoplasm of the heart and accounts for 10–15% of primary cardiac malignancies.

2017, Gaballah AH, Jensen CT, “Angiosarcoma: clinical and imaging features from head to toe”, in The British journal of radiology, volume 90, number 1075, British Institute of Radiology, →DOI, →PMID:

(pathology, oncology) An abnormal new growth of disorganized tissue in animals or plants.


atheroma

atheroma (plural atheromas or atheromata)

From Latin athērōma (“tumor/mass full of gruel-like matter”), from Ancient Greek ἀθήρωμα (athḗrōma). By surface analysis, ather- + -oma.

uder

(pathology) An abnormal fatty deposit which develops within the walls of arteries.

(pathology, obsolete) A kind of cyst on the scalp.


ameloblastoma

en-noun

ameloblastoma (plural ameloblastomas or ameloblastomata)

ameloblastomas (plural)
ameloblastomata (plural)

(pathology) A rare benign tumour of the upper or lower jaw.


blood clot

(hematology, pathology) A clot formed from platelets and other elements; that forms in a blood vessel in a living organism, and causes thrombosis or obstruction of the vessel at its point of formation or travel to other areas of the body.


asbestosis

(pathology) A chronic, inflammatory lung disease caused by long-term, heavy exposure to asbestos.

ազբեստոզ

lung disease caused by exposure to asbestos


fibroid

(pathology) A benign tumour of the uterus that is composed of either fibrous connective tissue or muscle.


myoma

(pathology) A tumor composed of muscle tissue, usually benign and commonly occurring in the uterus and the esophagus.


sclerosis

sclerosis (countable and uncountable, plural scleroses)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-sclerosis.wav

From Ancient Greek σκλήρωσις (sklḗrōsis, “hardening”), from σκληρόω (sklēróō, “to harden”), from σκληρός (sklērós, “hard”); by surface analysis, sclero- + -osis.

der

(pathology) The abnormal hardening of body tissues, such as an artery; the appearance of hardenings, indurations, lesions, nodules.


multiple sclerosis

Ellipsis of multiple cerebral sclerosis, i.e. appearance of hardenings or nodules dispersed throughout parts of the central nervous system, in the brain or spinal cord. Confusingly, at some point during the 20th century most sources started dropping cerebral from the expression, even though sclerosis can occur in the other tissues of the body, in unrelated pathologies.

(pathology) A chronic non-contagious disease of the brain and spinal cord characterized by changes in sensation, visual problems, weakness, depression, difficulties with coordination and speech, impaired mobility and disability.

تَصَلُّب لُوَيْحِيّ

chronic disease of the brain and spinal cord


gastritis

en-noun

gastritis (usually uncountable, plural gastritides)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-gastritis.wav

From international scientific vocabulary, reflecting New Latin combining forms: gastr- + -itis, from Ancient Greek γαστήρ (gastḗr).

(pathology, medicine) Inflammation of the lining of the stomach, characterised by nausea, loss of appetite, and upper abdominal discomfort or pain.

classical compound
gastritis
international scientific vocabulary

gastrit

inflammation of the lining of the stomach


spina bifida

(pathology) A birth defect resulting in a cleft in the spinal column through which the spinal membranes and spinal cord may protrude. It is characterised by hydrocephalus and other neurological disorders.


meningitis

meningitis (countable and uncountable, plural meningitides)

From Ancient Greek μῆνῐγξ (mênĭnx) + -itis, equivalent to meninge + -itis.

(pathology) Inflammation of the meninges, characterized by headache, neck stiffness and photophobia and also fever, chills, vomiting and myalgia.


myalgia

myalgia (countable and uncountable, plural myalgias)

Southern physicians were prone to calling all fevers, malaises, myalgias, and headaches "malaria" and to treating them with quinine.

2001, Margaret Humphreys, Malaria: Poverty, Race, and Public Health in the United States:

(medicine, pathology) Muscular pain or tenderness.


blood poisoning

blood poisoning (countable and uncountable, plural blood poisonings)

(pathology) The presence in the bloodstream of microorganisms or their toxins in a sufficient quantity to cause serious illness; sepsis or septicemia.

qan zəhərlənməsi

presence of micro-organisms in bloodstream


BD

BD (countable and uncountable, plural BDs)

Behçet's disease
Behçet's disease#English

(pathology) Initialism of Behçet's disease.

bipolar disorder
bipolar disorder#English

(pathology) Initialism of bipolar disorder.

(pathology) Initialism of Bowen's disease.


CBD

CBD (countable and uncountable, plural CBDs or CBD's)

corticobasal degeneration
w:corticobasal degeneration

(pathology) Initialism of corticobasal degeneration.


salmonellosis

salmonellosis (countable and uncountable, plural salmonelloses)

(pathology) Any of several diseases caused by infection with Salmonella bacteria


food poisoning

food poisoning (usually uncountable, plural food poisonings)

(pathology, bacteriology) Any food-borne disease, such as salmonella, that typically causes diarrhea, vomiting, nausea, fever and abdominal cramps.


vaso-

(medicine, pathology) Pertaining to blood vessels or the vascular system.

vaso-

pertaining to blood vessels or the vascular system


symptomatic

en-adj

symptomatic (comparative more symptomatic, superlative most symptomatic)

more symptomatic (comparative)
most symptomatic (superlative)
symptomatick (alternative)

Borrowed from French symptomatique, from New Latin symptomaticus, from Ancient Greek συμπτωματικός (sumptōmatikós, “of or pertaining to a chance (or a symptom), casual”), from σύμπτωμα (súmptōma, “a symptom”). By surface analysis, symptom + -atic.

der

συμπτωματικός

It is important to observe symptomatic cats out of the carrier, on the floor in a safe, escape-proof room. Swelling, heat, and pain in one or more joints can explain many signs, including lameness, malaise, and fever.

2009, Stephen J. Ettinger, Edward C. Feldman, Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine, page 9:


roseola

en-noun

roseola (countable and uncountable, plural roseolas or roseolae)

/ɹə(ʊ)ˈziːələ/

/ˌɹəʊzɪˈəʊlə/

From New Latin roseola, from diminutive of Latin rosa (“a rose”).

(pathology) A rosy rash occurring in measles, typhoid fever, syphilis and some other diseases.

(pathology) The common name for roseola infantum.


muscular dystrophy

muscular dystrophy (countable and uncountable, plural muscular dystrophies)

(pathology) A group of genetic diseases which cause progressive skeletal muscle weakness, defects in muscle proteins, and the death of muscle cells and tissue.