Sir Philip Sidney game

en-noun

Sir Philip Sidney game (plural Sir Philip Sidney games)

Named after a story about Sir Philip Sidney, who allegedly, when fatally wounded, gave his water to another, saying, "Thy necessity is greater than mine."

(biology, game theory) A model for the evolution and maintenance of informative communication between relatives, developed to explain begging behaviour in chicks.

Sir Philip Sidney
Sir Philip Sidney game


cheirolepidiaceous

(botany) Of or relating to the family Cheirolepidiaceae of extinct coniferous plants.


gamergate

/ˈɡæm.əɹˌɡeɪt/

From Ancient Greek γάμος (gámos, “union, marriage”) + ergate.

der

Recent studies indicate that queenless societies can have either one or several gamergates per colony, which reveals that reproductive inhibition can occur despite the absence of the queen caste.

1990, Christian Peeters, “Monogyny and Polygyny in Ponerine Ants Without Queens”, in Social Insects and the Environment: Proceedings of the 11th International Congress of IUSSI, 1990, Leiden, Netherlands: E. J. Brill, →ISBN, page 234:

(entomology) A worker insect that can become capable of reproducing when the queen has died.


ergate

From Ancient Greek ἐργάτης (ergátēs, “workman”).

uder

The worker (ergates) is characterized by the complete absence of wings and a very small (stenonotal) thorax, much simplified in the structure of its sclerites.

1910, William Morton Wheeler, Ants: Their Structure, Development and Behavior, Columbia University Press, page 97:


allosexual

From allo- (“other”) + sexual. "Directed at or involving another rather than one's self" and "involving the other sex; heterosexual" are the most etymologically literal senses (regarding the latter sense, compare the structure of heterosexual), structural and semantic opposites of autosexual and isosexual. The sense "non-heterosexual" was influenced by (and had influence on) Canadian French allosexuel.

Dr. Conigliaro contended that the sharing of the same bedroom by a single parent and child of the opposite sex "could contribute to, or cause, an excessive degree of ‘allosexual identifications’, [where a child identifies with the parent of the opposite sex] […]"

1980, Federal supplement, series 1, volume 476, page 1330:

[…] We performed 45 experimental confrontations with heterospecific pairs. Confrontations (C. talarum vs C. australis) included allosexual and isosexual encounters.

1992 February, Aldo I Vassallo, Christina Busch, “Interspecific agonism between two sympatric species of Ctenomys (Rodentia: Octodontidae) in captivity”, in Behaviour, volume 120, number 1/2, pages 40-50:

(chiefly biology, sociology, psychology) Involving or directed at the other biological sex; heterosexual; not isosexual.


aeroscepsy

From aero- + Ancient Greek σκέψις (sképsis, “a viewing, perception”), from σκέπτομαι (sképtomai, “consider”).

der

(zoology) The ability to perceive the state of the atmosphere.


agminal

en-adj

agminal (comparative more agminal, superlative most agminal)

more agminal (comparative)
most agminal (superlative)

From Latin agminālis, from agmen (“march, train”).


albiflorous

From New Latin albiflōrus (“white-flowered”).


water-salamander

From water + salamander. Compare Dutch watersalamander (“newt”).

(zoology) Any salamander (Order Urodela) which habitually or permanently lives in water.


emys

From the translingual genus name Emys and its etymon, the Classical Latin emys, from the Ancient Greek ἐμύς (emús).

Certain Emydes…tend to the Sea-tortoises or Turtles…and yet exhibit characters peculiar to themselves.

1843, The Penny Cyclopædia of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge, XXV, page 57/2:

Remains of the elephant…the beaver, the emys…and goats.

1873, James Murdoch Geikie, The Great Ice Age and Its Relation to the Antiquity of Man, page 492, Appendix:

(zoology) Any member of the small Emys genus of freshwater pond tortoises.


sportive lemur

(zoology) Any of the lemurs in the family Lepilemuridae.


rutting season

(zoology) The time of the year when certain animals mate.


clupeiform

(zoology) Belonging or relating to the order Clupeiformes of ray-finned fish, including herrings and anchovies


perichaetine

(zoology) Having many setae per segment, like earthworms of the genus Perichaeta.


medullosalean

(botany) Any of the order Medullosales of pteridospermous seed plants characterised by large radiospermic ovules with a vascularised nucellus, complex pollen-organs, stems and rachises with a dissected stele, and frond-like leaves.


lyginopteridalean

(botany) Any of the order Lyginopteridales of archetypal pteridosperms.


cryptodire

(zoology) Any member of the Cryptodira, the taxonomic suborder of Testudines that includes most living tortoises and turtles.


sporont

(biology) In the sexual reproduction of certain sporozoans: an encysted spore, developed from a zygote, which undergoes sporogony to form sporozoites.


leucojum

(botany) Any member of either of the species of the genus Leucojum, from the amaryllid family:

Leucojum aestivum (summer snowflake, Loddon lily)

Leucojum vernum (spring snowflake, snowbell, dewdrop, St. Agnes' flower)


dendrocolaptine

(zoology) Of or relating to the bird subfamily Dendrocolaptinae of woodcreepers.


heliotaxis

(biology) Phototaxis related to the sun.

Movement of an organism toward sunlight; positive heliotaxis.

Pronounced negative heliotaxis, evidently depending on some photodermatic sense, was apparent when the ants were exposed to the sun...

1903, William Morton Wheeler, “Some Notes on the Habits of Cerapachs Augustae”, in Psyche, 10(325-326), page 206:

Movement of an organism away from sunlight; negative heliotaxis.


zorapteran

(zoology) Any member of the insect order Zoraptera.


zygogenesis

Near-synonyms: zygosis, conjugation


axiogenesis

/ˌæksɪəˈd͡ʒɛnɪsɪs/

(biology) Alternative form of axogenesis


axogenesis

/ˌæksə(ʊ)ˈd͡ʒɛnɪsɪs/

/ˌæksoʊˈd͡ʒɛnɪsɪs/


subcosta

(entomology) The first major vein behind the costa on an insect wing


postcubitus

(entomology) One of the major veins of the insect wing, between the cubitus and the anal veins (although it was originally considered one of the anal veins itself).


Pcu

(entomology) Abbreviation of postcubitus.


fruit sugar

en-noun

fruit sugar (countable and uncountable, plural fruit sugars)


D-fructose

D-fructose (countable and uncountable, plural D-fructoses)

(biochemistry) Abbreviation of dextrorotatory fructose.


de-extinction

de-extinction (usually uncountable, plural de-extinctions)

Even this more limited ambition, however, speaks eloquently of the rapid progress being made in the area of de-extinction.

2018, Tim Flannery, Europe: A Natural History, page 309:

The concept of de-extinction is fascinating in much the same way that the dinosaurs of Jurassic Park and Jurassic World are.

2020, “Life Finds A Way”, in Jonathan Elmore, editor, Fiction and the Sixth Mass Extinction, Rowman & Littlefield, →ISBN:

(biology, neologism) The process of returning an extinct species back into the world.


epitoke

(zoology) A pelagic morph capable of sexual reproduction.


jellycoat

(zoology) The gelatinous coating on an egg.


gene flow

(genetics) Transfer of alleles or genes from one population to another.


axiniform

en-adj

axiniform (comparative more axiniform, superlative most axiniform)

more axiniform (comparative)
most axiniform (superlative)

(anatomy, zoology) Shaped like the head of an axe.


VSV

en-noun

VSV (countable and uncountable, plural VSVs)

vesicular stomatitis virus
vesicular stomatitis virus#English

(biology, medicine) Abbreviation of vesicular stomatitis virus.


ammoniaporin

(physiology, biochemistry) A mitochondrial membrane channel permeable to ammonia.


chiridian

They are all tetrapods–that is to say, vertebrates that possess (or their ancestors possessed) chiridian limbs (limbs with digits; fig. 1.1).

2012, Sebastien Steyer, Earth Before the Dinosaurs, page 1:

(zoology, rare) Of a tetrapod vertebrate limb, having well-defined joints and digits.


cryptoendolith

(biology) Any organism that colonizes structural cavities within porous rocks


echinozoan

echinozoan (plural echinozoa or echinozoans)

(zoology) Any echinoderm of the subphylum Echinozoa.


hemipore

(biochemistry) A structural unit of some proteins consisting of three helical transmembranes domains.


hyperoartian

(zoology) Any vertebrate of the class Hyperoartia


tetraparalogous

(genetics) That has resulted from four paralogous diversions from a common ancestor


diparalogous

(genetics) That has resulted from two paralogous diversions from a common ancestor


triparalogous

(genetics) That has resulted from three paralogous diversions from a common ancestor


Piltdown Man

The Piltdown man of Sussex, England. Antiquity variously estimated at 100,000 to 300,000 years. The ape-like structure of the jaw does not prevent the expression of a considerable degree of intelligence in the face.

1914, Henry Fairfield Osborn, Men of the Old Stone Age: Their Environment, Life and Art:

(taxonomy) A supposed early human theorized from bone fragments said to have been found in a gravel pit in Piltdown, England, in 1912, but later identified as a forgery.


Elvis taxon

Coined in a 1993 paper by D. H. Erwin and M. L. Droser, with reference to the prevalence of impersonators of the singer Elvis Presley.

convergent evolution
convergent evolution

(paleontology) A taxon that has been misidentified as having re-emerged in the fossil record after a period of presumed extinction, but is not actually a descendant of the original taxon, instead having developed a similar morphology through convergent evolution.


trophoplast

From tropho- + -plast. Coined by Arthur Meyer in 1883.

In a paper on the same subject, A. Meyer proposes a somewhat different terminology. […] And since anaplasts, chromoplasts, and autoplasts are all nearly related in structure and origin, he includes them in the common term Trophoplasts.

(cytology, dated) Any of various organelles found in plant and algae cells, such as a chloroplast, chromoplast, leucoplast, or gerontoplast; a plastid.


plastisphere

From plastic + -sphere, analogous to biosphere. Coined by American biologist Linda Amaral-Zettler.

coin

Welcome to the plastisphere

2013 July 20, “Welcome to the plastisphere”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8845:

(The Plastisphere is one of the many industrial-natural ecosystems that characterize the Anthropocene.) Cleaning ocean plastics, even if it were technologically possible on a scale that would make a difference, would disrupt and destroy the life we would be trying to save in the first place.

2014, Marina Zurkow, The Petroleum Manga, punctum books, →DOI, →ISBN, page 24:

Freshwater and marine habitats share a number of features, but there are also differences between them that may affect the development and activities of plastisphere consortia.

2017, Martin Wagner, Scott Lambert, Freshwater Microplastics: Emerging Environmental Contaminants?, Springer, →ISBN, page 183:

(ecology) The ecosystem on the surface of a piece of plastic (especially in a marine environment).


symmetrodont

clipping

translingual <i class="Latn mention" lang="mul">Symmetrodonta</i>

(zoology) Any Mesozoic mammal of the order Symmetrodonta


adeno-associated virus

en-noun

adeno-associated virus (plural adeno-associated viruses)

One of the most promising viral vector systems is based on the adeno-associated virus (AAV).

2003, Curtis A. Machida, Viral Vectors for Gene Therapy: Methods and Protocols, page 201:

(virology) Any of the viruses of the genus Dependoparvovirus that infects primates, but, having no known adverse effects, is a possible vector for therapies.


Ebola Reston

From the outbreak and discovery of a new strain of Ebolavirus at a facility in Reston, Virginia, USA.

(virology) A strain of Ebolavirus that causes disease in primates other than humans, and which can infect humans.


oxea

oxea (plural)
oxeas (plural)
oxeae (plural)

From Ancient Greek ὀξέᾱ (oxéā). Either from the Ionic form of Attic ὀξεῖᾰ (oxeîă), (a feminine form of ὀξῠ́ς (oxŭ́s, “sharp”) applied to ῥᾰ́βδος (rhắbdos, “wand; shaft”)) or a variant of ὀξῠ́ᾱ (oxŭ́ā), ὀξῠ́η (oxŭ́ē, “beech; spear-shaft”).

(zoology, of sponges (Porifera)) a monoaxial spicule which is pointed at both ends


medusozoan

(zoology) Any of the subphylum Medusozoa of jellyfish.


rhombozoan

(zoology) Any of the phylum Rhombozoa of tiny parasites found in the renal appendages of cephalopods.


basipodium

(zootomy) The carpus or tarsus of an animal or bird; the equivalent of the wrist or ankle in the human limbs


Mongolian death worm

Mongolian death worm (plural Mongolian death worms)

(cryptozoology) A cryptid reported from the Gobi desert, said to be a large bright red worm capable of attacking with corrosive acid or electric discharge.


circalunar

(biology) of, relating to, or showing rhythmic behaviour with a period of a lunar month


fistulous withers

It is now generally believed that fistulous withers are the result of a germ, probably picked up from the grass, although at one time they were thought to be caused by saddle or roller pressure.

1962, Catherine Harris, “Ailments”, in Practical Pony Keeping, London; Glagsow: Blackie, →OCLC, part 2 (Care of Your Pony), page 100:

The sooner fistulous withers is treated, the more likely that a cure is effected.

1997, Tony Pavord, Marcy Pavord, “Fistulous Withers”, in The Complete Equine Veterinary Manual: A Comprehensive and Instant Guide to Equine Health, Newton Abbot, Devon: David & Charles, published 1998, →ISBN, part III (A–Z of Diseases), page 154, column 2:

(veterinary medicine, pathology, equestrianism) Inflammation of the serous bursa of withers in horses which bursts outside, creating a fistula.


distodorsal

(anatomy, botany) Both distal and dorsal


distolateral

(anatomy, botany) Both distal and lateral


linin

From Latin līnum + -in. Known since the 19th century.

(biochemistry) The network of viscous material in a cell's nucleus that connects the chromatin granules.

sulirin

the network of viscous material in a cell's nucleus that connects the chromatin granules


haplocheilic

(biology, of the stoma of a gymnosperm) in which both the guard cells are derived from a single mother cell


heteromyopia

From hetero- + myopia, as the animals involved are metaphorically short-sighted in their view of other species.

(ecology) The situation in which interspecific competition occurs over shorter distances than intraspecific competition.


maturase

(genetics, biochemistry) Any of a group of proteins that splice introns; any gene that codes for such a protein


megaflora

megaflora (plural megafloras or megaflora)


obtrullate

(botany) In the form of a reversed trowel (with longer sides meeting at the base)


stylopodial

(botany) Relating to, or containing a stylopodium


synurbic

en-adj

synurbic (comparative more synurbic, superlative most synurbic)

more synurbic (comparative)
most synurbic (superlative)

(ecology) That lives (predominantly) within an urban ecosystem; adapted to urban life.


zeugopodium

zeugopodia (plural)
zeugopod (alternative)

From Ancient Greek ζεῦγος (zeûgos, “yoke, pair”) + -podium.

af

(zoology) The part of a limb corresponding to either a forearm or lower leg.


exolipase

(biochemistry) Any form of lipase acting as an exoenzyme


sulfurase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyses a reaction involving elemental sulfur.


clupeomorph

(zoology) A member of the fish superorder Clupeomorpha.


ostariophysian

(zoology) A member of the fish superorder Ostariophysi.


osteolepiform

(zoology) Any extinct fish of the order Osteolepiformes


rhizocephalan

(zoology) Any member of the Rhizocephala.


rhipidoglossan

(zoology) Any member of the Rhipidoglossa.


schizochromism

(biology) The lack of a pigment in an organism, normally rendering it a lighter colour than normal.


fibrolase

(biochemistry) fibrinolytic proteinase: a hydrolase enzyme found in the venom of the southern copperhead snake


chromophobia

(biology) The quality of being resistant to staining.


eceriferum

(biochemistry) An aldehyde decarbonylase involved in the conversion of aldehydes to alkanes; it is implicated in the inability of some pollens etc to produce wax


varanine

(zoology) Of, or pertaining to, a monitor lizard.


varanine

(zoology) A monitor lizard; a member of the subfamily Varaninae.


barophobic

en-adj

barophobic (comparative more barophobic, superlative most barophobic)

more barophobic (comparative)
most barophobic (superlative)

Non-marine bacteria: Freshwater and parasitic bacteria are barophobic.

2001, Edited by Rabin Sen Gupta, The Indian Ocean: A Perspective, Volume 2, →ISBN, page 500:

(ecology) Not adapted to survive at high pressures.


planocraniid

(zoology) Any crocodylian of the family Planocraniidae.


ziphodont

From a scientific name Crocodilus ziphodon coined by Othniel Charles Marsh (1871). Apparently from an alteration of xipho- + -odont.

(zoology) Any organism with teeth of this kind.


HFV

HFPPV

high frequency positive pressure ventilation

hepatitis F virus
hepatitis F virus#English

(virology) Initialism of hepatitis F virus.

human foamy virus
human foamy virus#English

(virology) Initialism of human foamy virus.


myeloarchitecture

(biology) The arrangement of nerve fibers in an organism or organ.


bovinized

(genetics, of an animal) Into whose genome has been introduced bovine genes


coelenteramide

(biochemistry) An aminopyrazine that is the oxyluciferin of coelenterazine


octarepeat

(biochemistry) A sequence of octapeptides that are repeated in a polypeptide or protein


axophyte

From Ancient Greek ἄξων (áxōn, “axis”) + -phyte (“plant”).


ceratophyte

/ˈsɛɹətəʊfaɪt/

From cerato- (“horn”) + -phyte (“plant”).

(zoology) a type of coral polyp, the internal axis of which has the appearance of wood or horn.


craspedophyte

Ancient Greek κράσπεδον (kráspedon, “edge, border”) + -phyte (“plant”)


pyrodiversity

Despite ambiguities in reconstructing presuppression fire behavior, there is wide agreement that a century of fire-suppression management has resulted in a large increase of dead and living fuel, increasing the probability of surface fires becoming crown fires of greater areal extent and intensity. That is, "pyrodiversity" has declined from a once wide spectrum over space, time, and intensity. The likely consequence is that biodiversity has declined as well (Martin and Sapsis 1992).

2000, Michael G. Barbour, Richard A. Minnich, “Californian Upland Forests and Woodlands”, in North American Terrestrial Vegetation, pages 180–181:

Some scientists suggest that pyrodiversity (the diversity in frequency, scale, season, and type of fire) leads to great biodiversity of plant species and vegetation types.

2005, Kat Anderson, Tending the Wild: Native American Knowledge and the Management of California's Natural Resources, page 18:

Consequently, as we see later in this book, Native Californians experimented with pyrodiversity practices in an attempt to diversify plant and animal resources and to minimize the risks of serious food shortages through storage, trade, and mass harvests when resources were plentiful.

2009, Kent G. Lightfoot, California Indians and Their Environment: An Introduction, page 70:

(ecology) A variation in the kinds of fire, whether produced by natural conditions or controlled burning, in an environment or ecosystem.


strigulation

(zoology) The quality or state of being strigulated (very finely streaked); streaking.


strigulate

en-verb

strigulate (third-person singular simple present strigulates, present participle strigulating, simple past and past participle strigulated)

strigulates (present singular third-person)
strigulating (participle present)
strigulated (participle past)
strigulated (past)

From Latin strigulatus, from striga (“row, strip, swath”).

(zoology) To streak or stripe very finely; to make strigate or strigose; to cause to have strigulation.


strigulated

en-adj

strigulated (comparative more strigulated, superlative most strigulated)

more strigulated (comparative)
most strigulated (superlative)

(zoology) Having strigulation; exhibiting strigulating; strigate.


strigated

strigated (comparative more strigated, superlative most strigated)

more strigated (comparative)
most strigated (superlative)


dendrophyte

From dendro- (“tree”) + -phyte (“plant”).


dikaryophyte

From di- (“two”) + karyo- (“nucleus”) + -phyte (“plant”).

It is well to remember, however, that this term, as applied to the smut fungi, is not strictly comparable with physiologic race as applied to the rusts and certain other fungi (Christensen and Rodenhiser, 1940), for the reason that the term has been used to designate not only pathogenically different dikaryophytes, but also culturally different haplonts.

1957, George William Fischer, Biology and Control of the Smut Fungi, page 331:


dissophyte

Ancient Greek δισσός (dissós, “double”) + -phyte (“plant”)

(biology) In phytogeography, a plant of which the subterranean parts are adapted to mesophytic or even hydrophytic conditions, and the aerial parts to xerophytic conditions.


ergasiophygophyte

Ancient Greek ἐργᾰσίᾱ (ergăsíā, “work, production”) + φῠγή (phŭgḗ, “flight”) + -phyte (“plant”)

uder

12 taxa were numbered among ergasiophygophytes

2003, Ludwik Frey, Problems of grass biology, page 196:

(ecology, rare) Any formerly cultivated plant that has escaped into the wild.


gamophyte

From gamo- (“marriage”) + -phyte (“plant”).


holophyte

From holo- (“whole”) + -phyte (“plant”).

(biology) Any organism that produces its own food through photosynthesis.


holosaprophyte

From German Holosaprophyt, equivalent to holo- (“whole”) + sapro- (“putric, rotten”) + -phyte (“plant”).

confix

(ecology) An organism which is purely a saprophyte.


macrogametophyte

/ˌmækɹəʊɡəˈmiːtə(ʊ)faɪt/

/ˌmækɹəʊˈɡæmɪtəfaɪt/

From macro- (“large”) + gametophyte, from gamete + -phyte (“plant”).


nosophyte

From noso- (“disease”) + -phyte (“plant”).

(biology) a pathogenic microorganism of the plant kingdom


oceanophyte

(biology) an oceanic plant or plant life which exists in oceans


ombrophyte

Ancient Greek ὄμβρος (ómbros, “rainwater”) + -phyte (“plant”)

uder

(biology) Any plant that is adapted to rainy conditions or habitats


osteochondrophyte

French ostéo-chondrophyte. Surface reading of osteo- (“bone”) + chondro- (“cartilage”) + -phyte (“growth”).

confix

(biology) a tumor composed of bone and cartilage


chordin

(biochemistry) A particular bone morphogenetic protein antagonist


chromosomic

(genetics, especially in combination) Having a specified type or number of chromosomes


deadhesion

(biology) The detachment of a cell from a surface to which it was adhering


periosteophyte

(biology) Any small, abnormal growth on the periosteum


deglutathionylation

en-noun

deglutathionylation (usually uncountable, plural deglutathionylations)

(biochemistry) The removal of a glutathione moiety from a protein (typically by severing a disulfide linkage).


frameshifted

(genetics) That has undergone a frameshift mutation


phyllophyte

From German Phyllophyt. Surface reading: phyllo- (“leaf”) + -phyte (“plant”).

(botany, rare) A plant characterized as structurally based upon or possessing true leaves.


organellular

Interaction of nuclear and organellular genomes with one another and with the environment determines both the course and the dynamics of cell differentiation, plant growth, development, and maturation.

1982, Advances in Agronomy, volume 34, page 118:

(biology) Relating to, or functioning via organelles.


parchorin

(biochemistry) An intracellular chloride-channel protein


selenoenzyme

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that contains a selenium atom.


thioltransferase

(biochemistry) Any transferase that catalyzes the transfer of a thiol group


prochlorophyte

/pɹəʊˈklɒɹəfʌɪt/

/pɹəʊˈklɔːɹəfʌɪt/

From pro- (“earlier, prior”) + chlorophyte, from chloro- (“green”) + -phyte (“plant”).

(biology) a bright green cyanobacterium of the class Prochlorophyta, distinguished by the presence of both chlorophyll a and b and the lack of phycobilins (and so resembling the chloroplasts of higher plants)


spermaphyte

spermaphytes (plural)
spermatophyte (alternative)
spermophyte (alternative)

Ancient Greek σπέρμα (spérma, “seed”) + -phyte (“plant”)

(botany) Alternative form of spermatophyte


synurophyte

From syn- (“with”) + uro- (“tail”) + -phyte (“plant”). See synurid.

affix

(biology) A member of the synurids, a small group of heterokont algae.


teleophyte

From teleo- (“end; goal”) + -phyte (“plant”).

(biology) a plant of perfect or complete organization; one of the higher plants

(biology) a plant composed of a number cells arranged in tissues


thalassophyte

thalassophytes (plural)
thalassiophyte (alternative)

From thalasso- (“sea”) + -phyte (“plant”).

(biology) Alternative form of thalassiophyte


thalassiophyte

thalassiophytes (plural)
thalassophyte (alternative)

From translingual Thalassiophyta. Surface reading: thalasso- (“sea”) + -phyte (“plant”).

(biology, obsolete) any plant belonging to one of the obsolete taxonomic groups known as Thalassiophyta, which were believed to comprise various parts of the marine algae or seaweeds, depending on the classification system.


amphikinesis

(zoology) The movement of both upper and lower parts of a bird's beak where it joins the skull.


circumsaccate

(botany) Surrounding the saccus of a pollen grain


macroboring

(zoology) That functions as a macroborer


macroborer

(zoology) Any macroorganism that bores into a substrate


metallocluster

(biochemistry) A clustering of the metal atoms of a metalloenzyme


microboring

(zoology) That functions as a microborer


microborer

(biology) Any microorganism that bores into a substrate


monolete

(botany, of a spore) Having a single line indicating the splitting axis.


trilete

(botany, of a spore) Having three lines indicating the splitting axes.


subbrachian

(ichthyology) Relating to fish of the order Subbrachiales.


subbrachian

(ichthyology, obsolete) Any fish of the order Subbrachiales (syn. Malacopterygii)


tecnomorph

In stratigraphically later genera with histial dimorphism frequently no histial structure and also no velar structure at all is present in the tecnomorphs.

1957, Bulletin of the Geological Institution of the University of Upsala, Volume 37, page 203:

(zoology) The carapace of a larval ostracod.


tenuinucellate

(botany) Having no nucellar tissue separating the embryo sac and the epidermis


topsetting

(botany) That produces bulbils at the tops of the leaves rather than the seed heads.


antemedial

(entomology) Situated before (i.e. closer to the head than) the middle of the thorax or wing.

antemediano

situated before the middle of the thorax or wing


midleg

in this species, the midlegs are brighter than the forelegs and hindlegs

(zoology) Any of the legs located between the forelegs and back legs.


tornal

(entomology) Of or pertaining to the tornus.


crossline

(entomology) A line running across an insect.


cyrtos

(zoology) The basket-like feeding apparatus of the protists, especially in the genus Nassula.


nassophorean

(zoology) Any member of the Nassophorea.


calumenin

endoplasmic reticulum
endoplasmic reticulum

(biochemistry) A calcium-binding protein localized in the endoplasmic reticulum


allohexaploid

(genetics) Having six complete sets of chromosomes derived from different species


isopoll

Isopoll maps can be reinterpreted to show the migration of a particular genus or ecotone through time by isochrones (equal time lines).

2013, Raymond S. Bradley, Paleoclimatology: Reconstructing Climates of the Quaternary, page 420:

(palynology) A line on a map showing places having the same amounts of a particular pollen.


pseudomolecule

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-pseudomolecule.wav

(genetics) A concatenation of contigs with a small sequence between them, intended to represent a larger, native-sized molecule.


Bt

Bts (plural)
Bt. (alternative)
B.t. (alternative)
BT (alternative)
BT (alternative)

Bacillus thuringiensis
Bacillus thuringiensis#Translingual

(bacteriology, agriculture) Bacillus thuringiensis, a species of bacteria used for biological control of insects.

(bacteriology) Initialism of botulinum toxin.


host plant

host plants (plural)
hostplant (alternative)

(biology) A plant that supplies food resources and substrate for certain insects or other fauna.


astichous

en-adj

astichous (comparative more astichous, superlative most astichous)

more astichous (comparative)
most astichous (superlative)

(botany) having a structure or layout that is not in rows


arrhizous

arrhizous (comparative more arrhizous, superlative most arrhizous)

more arrhizous (comparative)
most arrhizous (superlative)

(botany) Having no root: applied to parasitical plants which have no root, but adhere to other plants by any part of their surface, and derive their nourishment from them; also to mosses and Hepaticœ which are destitute of rhizoids.


premedial

(chiefly biology, but also linguistics) Antemedial; located before the middle.


planectomy

(veterinary medicine) The removal of the nasal planum (the flat tip of the nose in cats and dogs).


iPS

(biology) Abbreviation of induced pluripotent stem.


hiPS

(biology) Abbreviation of human induced pluripotent stem.


interveinal

In E. tereticornis, deficiency begins as interveinal chlorosis [yellowing] of young leaves with tissue near the veins remaining green.

2000, P. J. Keane, Diseases and Pathogens of Eucalypts, →ISBN, page 392:

(chiefly botany) Occurring between veins.


basculate

basculate (comparative more basculate, superlative most basculate)

more basculate (comparative)
most basculate (superlative)

The peridial strand of a basculate aecium is so sensitive to moisture that simply breathing on the open peridium is sufficient to close it immediately.

1956, E.E. Leppik, “Some viewpoints on the phylogeny of rust fungi. II. Gymnosporangium”, in Mycologia, volume 48, number 5:


Holliday junction

en-noun

Holliday junction (plural Holliday junctions)

Named after Robin Holliday, who proposed it in 1964 to account for homologous recombination in Ustilago maydis.

(genetics) A junction between four strands of DNA. They are a key intermediate in many types of genetic recombination, as well as in double-strand break repair.


UTR

(genetics) Initialism of untranslated region.


pseudocopulatory

(zoology) Resembling copulation though not fulfilling the sexual function.


solenogaster

(zoology) Any of the Solenogastres, a class (sometimes a subclass) of small worm-like mollusks with no shell.


cavibelonian

(zoology) Of or relating to the Cavibelonia, a taxonomic order of solenogasters.


perennation

(botany) The ability of an organism to survive from one germinating season to the next, especially under unfavourable conditions such as drought or winter.


udoteacean

suf

translingual <i class="Latn mention" lang="mul">Udoteaceae</i>

(zoology) Any member of the algal family Udoteaceae.


Philomela

From Latin Philomela, from Ancient Greek Φιλομήλη (Philomḗlē), from φίλος (phílos, “love”) + μῆλον (mêlon, “apple; fruit; sheep”), but folk-etymologized since at least Ovid's time as "lover of song".


Physoclisti

(zoology) Fishes that lack a connection between the gas bladder and the alimentary canal, the bladder serving only as a buoyancy organ.


simaroubaceous

(botany) Belonging to the family Simaroubaceae of tropical and subtropical trees.


agathaumid

(obsolete, paleontology) Any of the Agathaumidae, an obsolete family of ceratopsian dinosaurs.


microinsularity

(ecology) The condition of being microinsular


microinsular

(ecology) Relating to, or found on, a very small island.


thalassophonean

(zoology) Belonging to the Thalassophonea, an extinct clade of pliosaurids.


pronograde

From Latin pronus (“bent over”) + -grade (“means of walking]”) (from Latin gradus). Compare prone.

(zoology) Walking with the length of the body parallel to the ground.


calcicolous

en-adj

calcicolous (comparative more calcicolous, superlative most calcicolous)

more calcicolous (comparative)
most calcicolous (superlative)

(botany) That thrives in calcareous soil.


detriticolous

detriticolous (comparative more detriticolous, superlative most detriticolous)

more detriticolous (comparative)
most detriticolous (superlative)


deserticolous

deserticolous (comparative more deserticolous, superlative most deserticolous)

more deserticolous (comparative)
most deserticolous (superlative)

It must be understood that for a deserticolous species the "interpretation" of what a barrier is may be different from that of a jungle species.

2013, Eduardo H Rapoport, Areography: Geographical Strategies of Species, page 124:


positive eugenics

(biology) The applied science of selecting positive or desirable traits in a species.

(biology, sociology) A social philosophy which advocates for human enhancement by selecting for positive or desirable traits in a species.


human enhancement

en-noun

human enhancement (countable and uncountable, plural human enhancements)

(biology) The use of technology or natural means to overcome the limitations of the human body.


subfastigiately

H. praténse, Koch. Diœcious (in European specimens pseudomonœcious, Bryol. Europ.); stems ascending, divided, subfastigiately branched; branches sparingly ramulose cauline leaves subcomplanate, decurved at the apex (those of the branches secund-falcate), ovate-lanceolate, minutely serrulate above; capsue cernuous, incurved-oblong; operculum convex-conic.

1856, William Starling Sullivant, The musci and hepaticæ of the United States east of the Mississippi River, page 674:

Flowers in spirally-disposed 3-flowered clusters on the branches of a simply subfastigiately branched spadix, the female flower between and below two males.

1877, J. G. Baker, Flora of Mauritius and the Seychelles, page 383:

An erect slender herb, sparingly subfastigiately branched; branches towards their tips finely downy with hooked hairs.

1902, Sir George King, Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula, page 132:

(botany, obsolete) In a subfastigiate manner.


zygophyllaceous

(botany) Of or relating to the family Zygophyllaceae of bean-capers, caltrops, and related plants.


active transport

(biology) Movement of ions or molecules across a cell membrane into a region of higher concentration, assisted by enzymes and requiring energy.


monstrilloid

(zoology) Any copepod in the order Monstrilloida.


poecilostomatoid

(zoology) Any member of the order Poecilostomatoida of copepods.


oxyrhynchus

/ˌɒksɪˈɹɪŋkəs/

/ˌɑksiˈɹɪŋkəs/

From New Latin oxyrhynchus, from Ancient Greek ὀξῠ́ρρῠγχος (oxŭ́rrhŭnkhos, “a kind of Egyptian fish”) (whence also the place name Ὀξῠ́ρρῠγχος (Oxŭ́rrhŭnkhos), from ὀξῠ́ς (oxŭ́s, “sharp”) + ῥῠ́γχος (rhŭ́nkhos, “snout”).

compound

(ichthyology) a fish with a pointed snout


aunting

The aunting behavior in a captive group of 22 squirrel monkeys containing three infants was done in terms of the age/sex classification of those animals involved. The time course of the aunting phenomena and the type and intensity of the interactions between the mothers and the aunts were recorded.

1978, Susan M. Hunt, Katy M. Gamache, Joan S. Lockard, “Babysitting behavior by age/sex classification in squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus)”, in Primates, volume 19, page 162:

Such kidnapping rarely results in serious injury or death (i.e. 'aunting-to-death') with infant patas monkeys.

1995, Nakagawa N., “A case of infant kidnapping and allomothering by members of a neighbouring group in patas monkeys”, in Folia Primatol:

(zoology) The provision of maternal care by another, allomothering.


lamprophiid

(zoology) Any member of the snake family Lamprophiidae.


lactonase

en-noun

lactonase (countable and uncountable, plural lactonases)

(biochemistry) A metalloenzyme, produced by certain bacteria, that targets and inactivates acylated homoserine lactones (AHLs)


leucyltransferase

(biochemistry) A transferase enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction L-leucyl-tRNA + protein ⇌ tRNA + L-leucyl-protein.


leghemoglobin

leghemoglobin (countable and uncountable, plural leghemoglobins)

(biochemistry) A hemoprotein found in the nitrogen-fixing root nodules of leguminous plants.


C-nucleoside

(biochemistry) Any nucleoside that has a direct C-C bond between the carbohydrate and the heterocycle


lygodium

(botany) Any of the genus Lygodium of climbing ferns.


lumbrokinase

lumbrokinase (countable and uncountable, plural lumbrokinases)

(biochemistry) A collective name for various fibrinolytic enzymes present in various earthworms, especially Lumbricus bimastus and Lumbricus rubellus.


lucigenin

(biochemistry) An aromatic compound, bis-N-methylacridinium nitrate, that exhibits a bluish-green fluorescence.


allobiosis

(biology) adaptation to changes in internal or external conditions


allochory

(biology) The passive dispersal of seeds by means of external agents.


queenright

We have yet to identify every factor involved, but one variable is whether the nest contains a queen ant (queenright) or is queenless.

2012, Andrew Pullin, Ecology and Conservation of Butterflies:

(zoology, of colonies of bees, ants, etc.) Having a queen.


lipophilia

(biochemistry) The property of being lipophilic.


POG

POG (countable and uncountable, plural POGs)

(oncology, genetics) Acronym of personalized oncogenomics.


anemotropism

(botany) The orientation of plants in response to the direction of the wind.


anopisthograph

(palaeography) Written on one side only.


anthogenesis

(biology) The production of both males and females by parthenogenesis.

(botany) The formation of the flowers of plants.


oestrin

oestrin (countable and uncountable, plural oestrins)

Encouraged by his friends Solly Zuckerman and J. B. S. Haldane, Bernal had obtained crystals of calciferol and the female sex hormone oestrin.

1998, Georgina Ferry, Dorothy Hodgkin: A Life:

(biochemistry, now rare) An oestrogen, specifically oestrone.


apocytium

(biology) A multinucleate mass of protoplasm that lacks a distinct cell membrane


keratinase

(biochemistry) A proteolytic proteinase enzyme produced in the presence of keratin-containing substrate.


footganger

footgangers (plural)
foot-ganger (alternative)

Perhaps from Dutch or Afrikaans voetganger (“pedestrian”, literally “foot-goer”), or a partial calque of German Fußgänger (“pedestrian”), equivalent to foot + ganger (“goer, walker, stepper”).

partial calque

Midway between Bloomfontein and Kimberley, while riding with Major Beresford, of the South African Constabulary, at the foot of some low hills in the Karoo bush, I came across great numbers of the footgangers.

We passed several swarms of locusts in the footganger stage; but owing to the lateness of their appearance the damage they effected was slight, though we met many people coming from the west, whose crops had been utterly destroyed.

1904, Mark Sykes, John Hugh Smith, Edward Granville Browne, Dar-ul-Islam: A Record of a Journey Through Ten of the Asiatic Provinces of Turkey:

(entomology) A juvenile locust or grasshopper while in its wingless or flightless phase.


PCW

(biology) Initialism of postconception weeks.


glucagonlike

a glucagonlike peptide


glicentin

(biology) A peptide hormone found in the gut, of uncertain biological function.


Marek's disease

Named after József Marek, a Hungarian veterinarian.

(veterinary medicine) A contagious viral neoplastic disease in chickens.


NAC

(biochemistry) Abbreviation of N-acetylcarnosine.


crurotarsan

(zoology) Any of the Crurotarsi, a taxonomic group including the archosaurs and phytosaurs.


hectad

Those taxa that show interesting distributions have been mapped and included here, their maps incorporating earlier records made by Laflin and others from 1958 to 1968 which had been based only on localities with hectad grid references.

1998, John Killick, Alan Roy Perry, Stan[ley Reginald John] Woodell, The Flora of Oxfordshire, [Newbury, Berkshire]: Pisces Publications, →ISBN:

This comprises the proportion of each hectad covered by each of ten land-cover types: sea, coastal, arable, broadleaf forest, built-up, conifer forest, improved grassland, open water (rivers, lochs, etc.), semi-natural and upland. The temperature used was taken to be the annual temperature per hectad averaged over the period 1920–1999 […]

2007, Glenn Marion et al., “Towards an Integrated Approach to Stochastic Process-based Modelling: With Applications to Animal Behaviour and Spatio-temporal Spread”, in David L. Swain et al., editors, Redesigning Animal Agriculture: The Challenge of the 21st Century, Wallingford, Oxon., Cambridge, Mass.: CAB International, →ISBN, page 166:

They took figures for the abundance of invasive weeds mapped according to the normal grid unit of the 'hectad', or 10 × 10 km square, and then looked at how abundant these species were mapped at a much finer scale – in 'tetrads', or 2 × 2 km squares, inside these hectads.

2010, Richard Mabey, Weeds: How Vagabond Plants Gatecrashed Civilisation and Changed the Way We Think about Nature, London: Profile Books, →ISBN:

Certainly pampas grass made a slow start in the wild in this country [United Kingdom]; despite being grown here since 1848, it was recorded in only 21 hectads (10 x 10km squares) up to 1986, but is now recorded in 425.

2014 December 12, Ken Thompson, “Do plants have a gender? Most plants are hermaphrodite, but not all – and an interesting situation arises when only one sex is imported into the UK [print version: Alien plant species in search of a mate: Although most plants are hermaphrodite, some come in two distinct genders. So how does a single-sex community develop?, page W28]”, in The Daily Telegraph (Weekend), archived from the original on 2016-03-15:

(biology, cartography) A unit of land area, ten by ten (that is, a hundred) square kilometres, often used for assessing how widely distributed particular animals or plants are.


notoplate

(zoology) The central posterior region of the neural plate that is elongated during neurulation.


LBM

He reached in and pulled out about a dozen mushrooms, shriveled and dried beyond recognition, that could have been Conocybes, Inocybes, Coprini, Psathyrellae, or any of a dozen other kinds of LBMs, mostly inedible, some mildly to seriously toxic, and one, a Galerina, deadly poisonous.

1986, Sarah Ann Friedman, Celebrating the Wild Mushroom: A Passionate Quest, page 139:

All LBMs should be avoided as edibles.

1999, George Barron, Mushrooms of Northeast North America: Midwest to New England, page 209:

LBMs lack truly distinctive features that set them apart from the crowd, just like most Psilocybe mushrooms.

2010, Greg A. Marley, Chanterelle Dreams, Amanita Nightmares: The Love, Lore, and Mystique of Mushrooms, page 177:

(mycology) Initialism of little brown mushroom: any of a large number of small, dull-coloured agaric species that are difficult to tell apart.


epigamic

(zoology) Attractive to the opposite sex


ecad

(ecology) An organism whose form has been affected by its environment.


identical by descent

(genetics) Of corresponding segments of a chromosome in different individuals, identical because they were inherited from a common ancestor without crossover.


forespur

The tibial comb or forespur, on the front pair of legs, has about 65 teeth, stiff and elastic, and is deftly fitted into the tarsus opposite, which has about 45 coarser teeth.

1914, Joshua Hughes Paul, Out of doors in the west:

The main joint at his forespur kept slipping each time he tried to unfold it. Nilrasha stifled a sob. "I'm sorry, Ru. But it doesn't matter. Your wings are uncased." She began to lick his wounds. By hooking the wing tip in a crack on the balcony and ...

2007, E. E. Knight, Dragon Outcast - Page 246:

Finally, species living on (d) hard soils have long spur—like apical extensions of the protibiae and well—developed forespurs, which often exhibit a lot of wear.

2010, Richard A.B. Leschen, Rolf G. Beutel, John F. Lawrence, Volume 2: Morphology and Systematics:

(anatomy, zoology) A spur positioned at the fore, or facing forward.


isosporous

Ferns are isosporous.

(biology) Producing only one kind of spore.


isospore

(biology) One of the spores produced by an isosporous organism.


eugenesis

(biology) The quality or condition of having strong reproductive powers; generation with full fertility between different species or races, specifically between hybrids of the first generation.


suberization

en-noun

suberization (usually uncountable, plural suberizations)

(botany) conversion of the cell walls into cork tissue by development of suberin; commonly taking place in exposed tissues, as when a callus forms over a wound.


estromimetic

(biology) Mimicking the action of estrogen.


progestomimetic

(biology) Mimicking the action of progesterone.


andromimetic

From andro- + mimetic. Literally “male mimic”.

The administration of exogenous cyclic AMP was found to produce marked “andromimetic” effects on a number of enzymes...

1974 March 20, D.J.B.Sutherland, R.L.Singhal, “Alterations in adenylate cyclase activity of the rat prostate gland”, in Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects, pages 238–249:

(dated, nonstandard, rare, biology) Imitating the biological processes of a male organism.


chalazogamy

(botany) A process of fecundation in which the pollen tube penetrates to the embryo sac through the tissue of the chalaza, instead of entering through the micropyle.


paussine

(zoology) Any of the subfamily Paussinae of ground beetles, most of which live as predators in ants' nests.


brachinine

(zoology) Any beetle of the carabid subfamily Brachininae.


rhysodine

(zoology) Any of the subfamily Rhysodinae of carabid beetles.


scaritine

(zoology) Any of the subfamily Scaritinae of carabid beetles.


elaphrine

(zoology) Any of the subfamily Elaphrinae of carabid beetles.


cicindeline

(zoology) Any of the subfamily Cicindelinae of carabid beetles, the tiger beetles.


ferndom

In ferndom all people are divided into two classes: the first, those who are in profound ignorance of these beautiful forms in the vegetable kingdom; the second, those who know almost everything about them and are full of enthusiasm, …

Staghorn ferns, with their antlerlike leaves, are really curios of ferndom and never fail to gain attention.

2013, Joan Lee Faust, The New York Times Garden Book, Revised:

(botany) The world of ferns; ferns collectively.


false primary

The false primary about one third the length of the first, which is shorter than the fourth.

1875, Charles Robert Bree, A History of the Birds of Europe:

These Owls, in conjunction with some other species of their kind, have a marked peculiarity—i.e., the outer barbs of the first true primary and of the first false primary feathers have no barbules.

1905, The Emu: Official Organ of the Australasian Ornithologists' Union - Volumes 4-5:

A web of skin grew from his wrists to his shoulders, while his primary feathers burst out in soft quills from the end of his fingers and quickly grew. His secondaries sprouted along his forearm, and a charming little false primary sprang from the end of each thumb.

1958, T.H.White, The Once and Future King:

(ornithology, rare) Any flight feather that appears between the primaries and secondaries on a bird's wing.


abasically

(genetics, biochemistry) Missing a nucleotide base.


andropogon

(botany) Any member of the grass genus Andropogon.

andropogon

any member of the grass genus Andropogon


anisospore

(biology) A sexual spore in which the sexes differ in size.


caulome

(botany) A stem structure or stem axis of a plant, viewed as a whole.


trihybrid

(biology) A hybrid whose parents differ by three pairs of contrasting Mendelian characters.


hemigynous

From Ancient Greek ἡμι- (hēmi-) + γυνή (gunḗ) + -ous.

Since the above was written, I find that the hemigynous insects require a more careful examination than I had found leisure to bestow on them, […]

1851, Edward Newman, “On the Word Hermaphrodite”, in The Zoologist:

Hemigynous Specimen of Acronycta leporina.

1872 March 18, “Extracts from the Proceedings of the Entomological Society, March 18, 1872”, in The Entomologist, page 267:

The female characters may be assumed on the head (gynaecocephalous), afterwards on the thorax (hemigynous), and finally on the elytra.

1901, Journal of the Royal Microscopical Society [of Great Britain], page 413:

(entomology, obsolete) Having characteristics of both male and female of the species but the sexual organs for one gender only.


metaphasis

The sister chromatid exchange (SCE) assay measures the drug-induced metaphasis SCE.

2013, Davide Schiffer, Brain Tumors: Pathology and its Biological Correlates, →ISBN:

The reason is that homologous pairing takes place before metaphasis, during pachytene.

1992, Pieter Jan Cornelis Kuiper, Plantago: a multidisciplinary study, page 234:

The nuclei at the 9.55 stage show some indication of change, but none of them have reached the metaphasis of the process of division, while at 11.25 the metaphasis was finished and the protoplasm already aggregated round the daughter nuclei.

1893 February 2, Arthur Lister, “On the division of Nuclei in the Mycetozoa”, in The Journal of the Linnean Society of London: Botany, volume 29, page 531:

There is abrupt lateral bending of the medial cortex wall of the proximal tibial metaphasis and, in the older child, deformity and retarded development of the ipsilateral epiphyseal plateau68

2013, B. G. Brogdon, Tor Shwayder, Jamie Elifritz, Child Abuse and its Mimics in Skin and Bone, →ISBN:

Next, a 1 cm longitudinal incision is created dorsally over the proximal shaft and metaphasis of the proximal phalanx.

2012, Selene G. Parekh, Foot and Ankle Surgery, →ISBN, page 82:

The evidence of previous fractures is seen in the metaphasis as masses of calcified matrix showing an abnormal architecture and surrounded by an excess of bone.

1955, Bulletin of the Johns Hopkins Hospital - Volume 97, page 408:

(biology) Alternative form of metaphysis


trituberculy

(zoology, obsolete) A theory of the development of mammalian molar teeth.


cephalism

Thee closer connection off the subdivisions of the annelid is only one of degree; and as to having more organs in common than the Salpa it is rather like the community of interest which the coral cephalisms have in the main trunk.

1870, The American Journal of Science and Arts, page 74:

The medusoid cephalism is persistent, it remains to perform, in addition to its usual functions, a part which is most commonly assigned to the hydroid; thereby illustrating, by a whole order of beings, the theory that not only the hydroid cephalism, but the most highly developed medusoid cephalism, normally, may remain a constant part o what is commonly called a polypidom.

1878, Henry James Clark, Lucernariæ and Their Allies: A Memoir on the Anatomy and Physiology of Haliclystus Auricula, and Other Lucernarians:

(biology, obsolete) An instance of the development of a head or head-like structure.


hyparchic

(genetics, of a gene) Whose action is affected by adjacent, especially by adjacent epistatic, genes


cuckolder

(zoology) A male of certain kinds of fish that interrupts a mating pair to release sperm in an attempt to fertilize the female.


nuthacker

The common names nuthatch and nuthacker refer to the way the bird takes a nut in its claws and hacks at it with its bill or wedges it in the bark of a tree and hacks it with hard strokes to break it open.

2013, George Adams, George Martin Adams, Gardening for the Birds: How to Create a Bird-friendly Backyard - Page 346:


Neo-Lamarckism

(biology, historical) Lamarckism as revived, modified, and expounded by later biologists, especially as maintaining that the offspring inherits traits acquired by the parent from change of environment, use or disuse of parts, etc.


mimosaceous

(botany) Of or relating to the Mimosaceae.


exotegmic

In general, the mature endosperm shows a protein-rich outer layer and exotegmic cells have a zigzag pattern, while the exotesta is siliciferous.

1998, Klaus Kubitzki, H. Huber, The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants: Volume VI: Flowering Plants. Monocotyledons: Alismatanae and Commelinanae (except Gramineae), →ISBN, page 418:

(botany) Pertaining to the outer portion of the integument.


endotegmic

Mesotegmic seeds with coats derived from the middle layer are rare, while endotegmic seeds with coats derived from the innermost layer of the inner integument are present in, for example, the black pepper family (Piperaceae).

2012, J. Derek Bewley, Kent Bradford, Henk Hilhorst, Seeds: Physiology of Development, Germination and Dormancy, 3rd edition., →ISBN, page 36:

(botany) Pertaining to the inner epidermis of the integument.


mesotegmic

The mesotegmic construction is rare and found in conjunction with either an exotegmen or an endotegmen.

2003, Roger D. Smith, Seed Conservation: Turning Science Into Practice, →ISBN, page 263:

(botany) Pertaining to the middle of the integument as opposed to the outer or inner epidermis of the integument.


AGJ

annular gap junction
annular gap junction#English

(biochemistry, molecular biology) Abbreviation of annular gap junction.


connexosome

(molecular biology, biochemistry) a collection of connexins formed from internalized discarded hemijunction gap junctions awaiting disposal by lysosomes


emyde

(zoology, archaic) Synonym of emys (“type of tortoise”)


spermatozoic

/ˌspɜːmətə(ʊ)ˈzəʊɪk/

(cytology) Of or pertaining to spermatozoa; of the nature of spermatozoa.


ramuliferous

en-adj

ramuliferous (comparative more ramuliferous, superlative most ramuliferous)

more ramuliferous (comparative)
most ramuliferous (superlative)

(zoology) Bearing ramuli (small branches)


pandanaceous

(botany) Of or relating to the plant family Pandanaceae.


zoomorphosis

(botany) The formation of a plant structure (such as a gall) by means of animal activity


adlet

Adlets are wont to hunt on all fours, and so were born stories of giant black dogs that accost travelers.

2006, Aaron Rosenberg, Various, Chosen RPG, Impressions, →ISBN:

An adlet is part-human and part-canine, […]. They can be cannibals, eating other dogs. When they first hunt prey they go for the victim's throat and drink the fresh blood.

2012, Lisa Regan, Vampires, Werewolves and Zombies, Amber Books Ltd, →ISBN, page 71:

... that one of their ancestors has been married to a dog and that they have canine blood in their veins. This does not mean, of course, that they can transform themselves into an Adlet or that they enjoy any special protection from its attentions.

2016, Dr. Bob Curran, Andy Paciorek, The Carnival Of Dark Dreams, →ISBN, page 56:

"We could mate with humans, but then we'd have to expose our existence, and there's no guarantee that the baby will be an adlet." She cleared her throat. "Of course, I'd love a human baby just as much as an adlet, but we need more halflings […]"
[…]
The dogs mated with other dogs and stayed in their canine form, but the halflings mated with both humans and dogs and so the adlets continued to spread across the land, always evolving. Some adlet families are more human than dog, ...

2019, Laura Greenwood, Skye MacKinnon, Under the Ice, Peryton Press:

(cryptozoology, mythology) A cryptid in Inuit mythology and folklore in Canada and Greenland, a tall, dog-legged humanoid (sometimes identified with inland Native Americans).


unigene

(genetics) A cluster of genes that perform a particular function


transformationalism

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-transformationalism.wav

The main strength of the text, however, lies not so much with the reductio ad absurdum of the world soul hypotheses, but in its critical assessment of Leibniz's monadology and Robinet's biological transformationalism, on the one hand, and in Ploucquet's own theory of finite substances as 'real images', imagines reales, of the infinite divine force, on the other hand; in short, in his own alternative of natural philosophy.

2010, Miklós Vassányi, Anima Mundi: The Rise of the World Soul Theory in Modern German Philosophy, →ISBN, page 78:

In historical terms, Diderot's full-fledged, materialistic hylozoism apparently relies on Locke's hypothesis concerning thinking matter, on Toland's theory of essentially active matter, on Maupertuis's theory of the spontaneous creative degeneration of the embryo, and probably on Robinet's biological transformationalism as well.

2011, Michael Funk Deckard, PŽter Losonczi, Philosophy Begins in Wonder, →ISBN, page 129:

Transformationalism was a dominant theory of change before Darwin set the stage.

2013, G. Kampis, Self-Modifying Systems in Biology and Cognitive Science, →ISBN, page 16:

(biology, historical) A theory proposed by Robinet in the 18ᵗʰ century that posits a single, created prototype for all species of plants and animals.


suberize

en-verb

suberize (third-person singular simple present suberizes, present participle suberizing, simple past and past participle suberized)

suberizes (present singular third-person)
suberizing (participle present)
suberized (participle past)
suberized (past)

(botany, transitive) To effect suberization of.


interarea

The brachiophore or brachial process is a simple, somewhat flat blade located at the notothyrial margin and underlying the notothyrial edge of the interarea.

1938, Edward Oscar Ulrich, Gustav Arthur Cooper, Ozarkian and Canadian Brachiopoda, page 73:

In one sense the interareas, planareas, and palintropes are genetically the same in that they are all surfaces resulting from increment to the posterior margin.

1942, Preston E. Cloud, Jr., Terebratuloid Brachiopoda of the Sillurian and Devonian, →ISBN, page 21:

The posterio-lateral socket ridge lies between the socket and the interarea (pl. 2, figs. 9b, 13b, 16b). The posterio-lateral socket ridges are accommodated by grooves in the hinge teeth of concavo-convex species or pockets between the hinge teeth and the interarea of resupinate species.

1949, Geological Survey Professional Paper, page L-2:

Pedicle valve with well developed sulcus; height and concavity of interareas highly variable, apsacline to catacline, rarely slightly procline.

1995, Andrzej Baliński, Palaeontologia Polonica, number 54, page 60:

Spiriferides tend to have highly biconvex shells, with well-developed radial costae and a large interarea on the ventral valve.

2013, Donald R. Prothero, Bringing Fossils to Life: An Introduction to Paleobiology, →ISBN, page 334:

(zoology) A typically triangular shelf of shell on some brachiopods that serves as a weight-bearing surface to stabilize the valves.


nebenkern

German neben (“near”) and Kern (“nucleus”).

(biology) A mass or shred of chromatin-staining material outside of the nucleus in the cytoplasm.


idant

(biology, archaic) One of the nuclear rods or chromosomes in a fertilized ovum, supposed to contain an aggregate of the ids, or all kinds of biophores of the organism.


idorgan

(biology, archaic) A plastid or unicellular organism, theoretically capable of development into a metazoan.


idiosome

(biology, dated) The attraction-sphere of a spermatid or of an oocyte.

(biology, dated) The indivisible element of living matter.


allotriploid

(genetics) Having three sets of chromosomes derived from different species


homoploid

(genetics) Involving no change in number of chromosomes


ooblast

(biology) A cell that develops into an ovum; a germinal epithelium giving rise to ova.


angle-shoot

angle-shoots (plural)
angle shoot (alternative)

The fact that for the greater part of its length the angle-shoot has the same structure as a normal stem is what would be expected; it does not, in my opinion, prove that the former is not a transformed rhizophore.

1934, Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh:

(botany) A side shoot that grows from the main stem stem.


angle shoot

Removal of the young developing leaves below the apical bud on the main shoot, especially when done twice, has increased branching and produced wider angle shoots, and enhanced feathering for slender spindle trees

2013, C. J. Wright, Manipulation of Fruiting, →ISBN, page 346:

(botany) Alternative form of angle-shoot


radiobe

Blend of radium + microbe. By surface analysis, radio- + -obe.

(biology, historical) A peculiar formation, possibly a crystal, formed in gelatin submitted to the action of radium, once thought to be a transitional form between a crystal and a living microbe.


RBD

receptor-binding domain
receptor-binding domain#English

(biochemistry) Initialism of receptor-binding domain.


necrophyte

(biology) Any plant or fungus that grows on dead plant material


bioapatite

en-noun

bioapatite (countable and uncountable, plural bioapatites)

(biochemistry, mineralogy) A form of calcium phosphate that is the major component in the mineralised part of vertebrate bone teeth, and in case of fish, scales.


hydroclimate

(ecology) The climate of an aquatic habitat


mycocerosate

From mycocerosic acid + -ate (“salt or ester”).

af

(biochemistry) Any salt or ester of a mycocerosic acid.


mycocerosic acid

en-noun

mycocerosic acid (plural mycocerosic acids)

(biochemistry) Any of a family of highly methylated long-chain fatty acids present in mycobacteria


mycolipenate

From mycolipenic acid + -ate (“salt or ester”).

af

(biochemistry) Any salt or ester of mycolipenic acid.


mycolipenic acid

(biochemistry) A methylated unsaturated long-chain fatty acid, 2,4,6-trimethyltetracos-2-enoic acid, found in some mycobacteria


trap-jaw ant

trap-jaw ants (plural)
trapjaw ant (alternative)
trap jaw ant (alternative)

From trap + jaw + ant, because the mandibles (jaws) snap shut forcefully like a trap.

(entomology, informal) Any of a group of carnivorous ants, of the genus Odontomachus, that have mandibles that can snap shut on prey


archoplasm

en-noun

archoplasm (countable and uncountable, plural archoplasms)

(cytology, dated) The substance from which attraction spheres develop in mitotic cell division, and of which they consist.

arcoplasma

the substance of cells’ attraction spheres


lolium

(botany) Any of the genus Lolium of ryegrasses.


pycnofibre

pycnofibres (plural)
pycnofiber (alternative)

From pycno- + fibre. Coined 2009 by Brazilian palaeontologist Alexander W. A. Kellner et al.

While the metal frames, styrofoam bulk and resin wings comprised the majority of the models, the details that would bring them to life – eyes, scars, pycnofibres, scales and colour – needed to be added before the models could really look vital.

2012, A. J. Veldmeijer, Mark Witton, Ilja Nieuwland, Pterosaurs: Flying Contemporaries of the Dinosaurs, Sidestone Press, page 119:

Many [pterosaurs] had furry coats made up of hair-like filaments known as pycnofibres, which covered their bodies and parts of their wings.

2014, Albert J. DeBenedictis, Evolution or Creation?: A Comparison of the Arguments, 3rd edition, Xlibris, page 254:

(paleontology) Any one of the hair-like filaments that comprised an integument of some pterosaurs.


actinofibril

(paleontology) One of the parallel actin filaments found in pterosaur wings.


flapling

The flaplings, with short faces and only very little teeth, must seek out their own food, and restrict themselves to land, agilely snapping at insects until they are old enough to venture out to the fishing waters with their relatives.

2022, Thomas Halliday, Otherlands, Penguin, published 2023, page 148:

(paleontology, informal) A juvenile pterosaur.


Liassic

Liasic (alternative)
liassic (alternative)
liasic (alternative)

(paleontology, dated) Of or relating to the Lias or its fossils.


glucase

(dated, biochemistry) Any enzyme that converts starch into glucose.


pectinibranchial

(zoology, archaic) Synonym of pectinibranchiate


posteriad

(zoology) In a direction toward the posterior.


monimostyly

From Ancient Greek μόνιμος (mónimos, “fixed in place”) + Ancient Greek στῦλος (stûlos, “pillar”) + -y.

af

(zoology) union of the quadrate and squamosal, not permitting movement


pant-hoot

en-verb

pant-hoot (third-person singular simple present pant-hoots, present participle pant-hooting, simple past and past participle pant-hooted)

pant-hoots (present singular third-person)
pant-hooting (participle present)
pant-hooted (participle past)
pant-hooted (past)

(zoology, intransitive, of chimpanzees) To utter a complex vocalization that starts off quietly and builds up to a succession of hoots and screams.


distylous

(botany) Having two types of styles and/or stamens


phoenicoid

(botany) Belonging or relating to the palms of the subfamily Phoenicoideae.


coryphoid

(botany) Any palm of the subfamily Coryphoideae


chamaedoroid

(botany) Belonging or relating to the palms of the genus Chamaedorea.


calamoid

(botany) Belonging or relating to the palms of the subfamily Calamoideae.


arecoid

(botany) Belonging or relating to the palms of the subfamily Arecoideae.


ceroxyloid

(botany) Belonging or relating to the palms of the subfamily Ceroxyloideae.


nypoid

(botany) Belonging or relating to the palms of the subfamily Nypoideae.


cocosoid

(botany) Belonging or relating to the palms of the subfamily Cocosoideae, now mostly treated as the tribe Cocoseae in the subfamily Arecoideae.


cocosoid

(botany) Any palm tree in the subfamily Cocosoideae.


lepidocaryoid

(botany) Belonging or relating to the palms of the subfamily Lepidocaryoideae.


borassoid

(botany) Belonging or relating to the palms of the subfamily Borassoideae, now considered to be the tribe Borasseae.


sabaloid

(botany) Belonging or relating to the palms of the subfamily Sabaloideae, now considered to be the tribe Sabaleae.


verrucate

en-adj

verrucate (comparative more verrucate, superlative most verrucate)

more verrucate (comparative)
most verrucate (superlative)

(botany, of a pollen grain) having verrucae


normocalcemia

From normo- + calcemia or normo- + calc- + -emia.

(biology, medicine) The presence of a normal concentration of calcium in one's blood.


cyrillaceous

(botany, relational) Of or relating to the plant family Cyrillaceae.


zoomass

en-noun

zoomass (countable and uncountable, plural zoomasses)

(biology) The total mass of a living animal.


simarouba

(botany) Any plant of the genus Simarouba.


lepocyte

(biology, archaic) A cell with a distinct envelope.


haplodont

(zoology) Being or having molar teeth with simple crowns, without ridges or tubercles.


preformationist

Preformationists rejoined that Harveian epigenesis was unscientific, for such a virtue could not be observed.

1997, Roy Porter, The Greatest Benefit to Mankind, Folio Society, published 2016, page 219:

(biology, historical) A proponent of the theory of preformationism.

preformista

a proponent of the theory of preformationism


vespoid

(zoology) Of or relating to the superfamily Vespoidea of wasps and ants.


paurometabolous

/ˌpɔːɹəʊmɪˈtæbələs/

/ˈˌpɔɹoʊmɪˈtæbələs/

From Ancient Greek παῦρος (paûros, “small, little”) + metabolous (“undergoing metamorphosis”), modeled after ametabolous, hemimetabolous. See New Latin Paurometabola.

der

(entomology) Characterizing a group of insects whose metamorphosis from immaturity to maturity is gradual and without sudden radical physical change; characterized by hemimetabolism.


actaeonid

Ultimately from Latin Actæon, borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἀκταίων (Aktaíōn) (Acteon).

(zoology) Any sea slug of the family Actaeonidae.


heterocoelous

From hetero- (“different”) + -coelous (“hollow”).

confix

(biology) Relating to, or characteristic of syconoid sponges of the taxonomic group Heterocoela.


neornithine

(zoology) Any of the feathered dinosaurs that evolved into modern birds


articulated skeleton

en-noun

articulated skeleton (plural articulated skeletons)

(paleontology) A fossil skeleton found all in one piece with the bones still arranged in the proper order.

esquelete articulado

skeleton found with the bones arranged in the proper order


macroconsumer

(biology) A relatively large heterotrophic consumer


microconsumer

(biology) A microscopic heterotrophic consumer (typically bacteria or fungi)


mesoconsumer

(biology) A mid-sized heterotrophic consumer


paleolongitude

paleolongitudes (plural)
palaeolongitude (alternative)

(geology, paleontology) The former longitude of a particular geologic formation at a time in the geologic past, often specifically the time of formation


cell nucleus

(cytology) A large membrane-enclosed organelle found in eukaryotic cells; a nucleus.


ornithophilic

en-adj

ornithophilic (comparative more ornithophilic, superlative most ornithophilic)

more ornithophilic (comparative)
most ornithophilic (superlative)

When the birds leave their breeding sites in the autumn the mosquito turns to humans. The London Underground molestus are not ornithophilic. We have nothing to fear from them.

2007, Hugh Pennington, ‘The Problem with Biodiversity’, London Review of Books, volume 29, number 9:

Unlike the alphaviruses that produce arthritis, human cases occur in an epizootic from an enzootic cycle involving passerine birds and ornithophilic mosquitoes.

2009, Encyclopedia of Microbioology, page 316:


aminomutase

(biochemistry) Any mutase that moves an amino group.


back-translation

en-noun

back-translation (countable and uncountable, plural back-translations)

back-translations (plural)
backtranslation (alternative)

(genetics) The translation of an amino acid sequence into genetic code.


ascogonium

(mycology) The spiral female organ of an ascomycetous fungus from which asci are produced

askogon

the female organ of an ascomycetous fungus


bilirubinoid

(biochemistry) Any intermediate in the enzymatic conversion of bilirubin to stercobilin in the gut


bisdigitoxoside

(biochemistry) A derivative of digoxin that contains only two (rather than three) glycoside units


bisindolylmaleimide

bisindolylmaleimide (countable and uncountable, plural bisindolylmaleimides)

(organic chemistry, biochemistry) A derivative of maleimide containing two indolyl sidechains; any derivative of this structure, many of which are biochemically active


bitunicate

(botany) Enclosed in two tunic-like layers


unitunicate

(botany) Enclosed in a single tunic-like layer


xerophytism

(botany) The adaptation of plants to habitats where water is scarce.


calcimedin

(biochemistry) Any of a class of calcium-dependent proteins that bind phospholipids.


calphobindin

From calcium, phospho-, bind, and + -in.

(biochemistry) A calcium-dependent protein that binds some phospholipids


carboxyltransferase

(biochemistry) Any transferase that transfers a carboxyl group (one that carries out transcarboxylation).


transcarboxylase

(biochemistry) Synonym of carboxyltransferase


chelatase

The properties of these zinc-protoporphyrin chelatases, particularly the one in R. spheroides, are described in detail and their possible metabolic functions discussed.

1964, A Neuberger, “Studies on the biosynthesis of porphyrin and bacteriochlorophyll by Rhodopseudomonas spheroides. 5. Zinc–protoporphyrin chelatase”, in Biochemical Journal:

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes chelation, especially that of a specified metal ion


light-sensitive

en-adj

light-sensitive (comparative more light-sensitive, superlative most light-sensitive)

more light-sensitive (comparative)
most light-sensitive (superlative)

(biology) (of cells, tissue or organs) able to detect the presence (or intensity) of light.


chondroitinsulfatase

(biochemistry) Any sulfatase that sulfates chondroitin.


cobaltochelatase

(biochemistry) Any chelatase that chelates cobalt ions


cometabolite

(biochemistry) Any product of cometabolism


parataxon

(taxonomy) An artificial taxon used to describe a fossil based on morphology with no relation to genetic reality.


eutaxon

(taxonomy) A taxon that accurately refers to organisms or remains of organisms based on genetic affinities.


klendusic

klendusic (comparative more klendusic, superlative most klendusic)

more klendusic (comparative)
most klendusic (superlative)

klendusic seeds


klendusity

From Ancient Greek κλειδόω (kleidóō, “I lock up”) (see κλείς) + ἔνδυσις (éndusis, “entry”) (see ἐνδύω) + -ity, because the route of entry for pathogens is supposed to be locked up. The word is a clumsy coinage; a more systematic approach would have involved cleido-.


homodonty

(zoology) The condition of having teeth all of the same type.


cytosmear

(cytology) A sample of cells, in the form of a smear on a microscope slide, that has been stained ready for diagnostic examination


deoxyribosyltransferase

(biochemistry) Any transferase that transfers a deoxyribosyl moiety (between bases)


erabutoxin

(biochemistry) Any of a class of neurotoxic proteins found in venom of the sea snake of the genus Laticauda


fetoglobulin

(biochemistry) A plasma globulin that is present especially in the fetus


glucanohydrolase

(biochemistry) Any hydrolase that hydrolyses a glucan


glycanohydrolase

(biochemistry) Any hydrolase that hydrolyses a glycan


glyceridase

(biochemistry) Any hydrolase that hydrolyses glycerides


hexadecapeptide

(biochemistry) Any oligopeptide that has sixteen amino acid components


hyalogen

(biochemistry) Any of several complex mucoid polysaccharides, found in animal tissue, that are composed of hyalins


macroconidium

(mycology) A relatively large conidium, but especially the larger of a pair of conidia in the same organism


mannosylphosphoryltransferase

(biochemistry) Any transferase that transfers mannosyl phosphate residues


melanotropin

melanocyte-stimulating hormone
melanocyte-stimulating hormone#English

(endocrinology, biochemistry) Synonym of melanocyte-stimulating hormone


microconidium

(mycology) A relatively small conidium, but especially the smaller of a pair of conidia in the same organism


molybdoflavoprotein

(biochemistry) Any flavoprotein containing molybdenum


molybdoprotein

(biochemistry) Any metalloprotein containing molybdenum


monophosphokinase

(biochemistry) Any kinase that transfers a single phosphate group


nitrophenylphosphatase

(biochemistry) Any phosphatase that hydrolyses nitrophenyl phosphate


nucleosidase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of a nucleoside, separating the base and the sugar


ootaxon

(taxonomy) Any taxonomic classification of egg fossils


oospecies

(taxonomy) An ootaxon, equivalent to a species, used to classify fossilised dinosaur eggs


ovoglycoprotein

(biochemistry) A glycoprotein found in hen's egg white


ovomacroglobulin

(biochemistry) Any of a class of macroglobulins found in hen's eggs


ovostatin

(biochemistry) Any of a class of proteinase inhibitors found in hens' eggs.


peroxygenase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyses the formation of an alcohol by reaction with hydrogen peroxide


ektacytometry

(cytology) A method for measuring the deformability of cells, using shear stress


cytoadhere

en-verb

cytoadhere (third-person singular simple present cytoadheres, present participle cytoadhering, simple past and past participle cytoadhered)

cytoadheres (present singular third-person)
cytoadhering (participle present)
cytoadhered (participle past)
cytoadhered (past)


pleiochasium

(botany) An inflorescence in which several buds come out at the same time


prepilin peptidase

en-noun

prepilin peptidase (plural prepilin peptidases)

(biochemistry) An enzyme that removes a signal peptide from maturing pilins


propionylcholinesterase

(biochemistry) An enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of propionylcholine


pseudoisoenzyme

pseudoisoenzymes (plural)
pseudo-isoenzyme (alternative)

(biochemistry) A variant conformation of an enzyme (that appears to be an isoenzyme)


pyroglobulin

(biochemistry) An immunoglobulin that coagulates when heated


pyrophosphokinase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that transfers pyrophosphate (diphosphate)


pyrophosphotransferase

(biochemistry) Synonym of pyrophosphokinase


subalignment

(biochemistry) An internal segment of a protein (or corresponding DNA) alignment


transamidase

(biochemistry) Any transferase that transfers an amide group.


uroporphyrin

(biochemistry) Any of a group of porphyrins excreted in the urine in some cases of porphyria.


morphogenetics

The pollen grains are usually very large and well suited for studies in morphogenetics, fine structure, etc.

1963, Advances in Botanical Research, →ISBN, page 182:

This process relies on the spatiotemporal aspects of morphogenesis, called morphogenetics (Horder and Martin 1978), for the assembly of most of the projection.

1990, Roger Wolcott Sperry, Brain Circuits and Functions of the Mind, →ISBN, page 105:


mutein

Isoelectric focusing (IEF) of the muteins under nondenaturing conditions confirmed this prediction (19).

All of the muteins exhibited the expected apparent molecular weight of around 25 kDa.

1996, Protein & Peptide Letters - Aug 1996, page 237:

(biochemistry) A protein with an altered amino acid sequence.


xylofuranose

(biochemistry) The furanose form of a xylose.


zymophore

(biochemistry) The active part of an enzyme that is responsible for its function.


eucryptodiran

Basal eucryptodiran xinjiangchelyids or macrobaenids―sinemydids are represented in the Phu Kradung Formation by a few fragmentary remains.

2009, Eric Buffetaut, Late Palaeozoic and Mesozoic Ecosystems in SE Asia:

(zoology) Any turtle of the suborder Eucryptodira.


photoadaptation

photoadaptation (countable and uncountable, plural photoadaptations)

(biology) adaptation of an organism to the changing amount of light in its environment


tracheosyringeal

(zoology) Relating to, or connecting, the trachea and the syrinx


ocelloid

(microbiology) a cellular structure found in unicellular microorganisms that is analogous in structure and function to eyes, which focus, process and detect light


vanessa

(zoology) Any butterfly of the genus Vanessa.


normomagnesemia

From normo- + magnesemia or normo- + magnes(ium) + -emia.

(biology, medicine) The normal level of magnesium ions in the blood.


mononucleolar

The karyotype was mononucleolar: one obligatory nucleolus (N) was well developed in sec. 3, near the centromere and the telomere in arm G.

2015, Ninel A. Petrova et al., “Karyotypical characteristics of two allopatric African populations of anhydrobiotic Polypedilum Kieffer, 1912 (Diptera, Chironomidae) originating from Nigeria and Malawi”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name), volume 9, →DOI:


multinucleolar

The karyotype of the population is multinucleolar, with two nucleoli (N).


acrosine

It is known that 1,25[OH]2D is responsible for increasing intracellular Ca+2 concentration and the activity of acrosine, which is accountable for acrosome reactions that are essential for the fertilization process.

2015, Filip A. Dabrowski, Barbara Grzechocinska, Miroslaw Wielgos, “The Role of Vitamin D in Reproductive Health—A Trojan Horse or the Golden Fleece?”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name), volume 7, →DOI:


asynapsis

asynapsis (usually uncountable, plural asynapses)

For example in the AB chromosome (Fig. 6a, b), homologous sections near the centromere were often situated nearby each other, due to asynapsis, and thus the area near the centromere appeared as a thickening.

(biochemistry) The failure of synapsis during meiosis.


planktonophagous

The blue is stenophagous and planktonophagous, the North Atlantic minke largely ichthyophagous.

1982, David Edward Gaskin, The Ecology of Whales and Dolphins, page 69:

Finally, coral reef POM constitutes a source of OM for planktonic invertebrates and planktonophagous fish.

2015 July 2, Briand MJ, Bonnet X, Goiran C, Guillou G, Letourneur Y, “Major Sources of Organic Matter in a Complex Coral Reef Lagoon: Identification from Isotopic Signatures (δ 13 C and δ 15 N)”, in PLOS ONE, volume 10, number 7, →DOI:


Okazaki fragment

Okazaki fragment (plural Okazaki fragments)

Named after Japanese molecular biologist Reiji Okazaki (1930–1975), the leader of its discoverers in the 1960s.

named-after

(genetics, often in the plural) One of many short, newly synthesized DNA fragments formed on the lagging template strand (i.e. lagging strand) during DNA replication.

شَظَايَا أُوكَازَاكِي

one of many newly synthesized DNA fragments formed on the lagging template strand during replication

šaẓāyā ʔūkāzākī

قَطْع أُوكَازَاكِي

qaṭʕ ʔūkāzākī


golli

(biochemistry) A protein that regulates calcium influx in T cells


flagellomere

Stone (personal correspondence) has suggested the use of the term flagellomere, on morphological grounds, instead of the usual "segments" of the flagellum […]

1968, NM Jorgensen, MT James, “Evolution of the antenna in the Stratiomyidae (Diptera”, in Annals of the Entomological Society:

Dorsa and ventral lobes of flagellomeres not symmetrical: ventral lobe slightly longer than dorsal lobe.

1999, Judith E. Winston, Describing Species: Practical Taxonomic Procedure for Biologists, A fossil insect, a new woodgnat, Valesguya disjuncta, page 221:

On various Anthemideae genera. 3 Antennae with 8, occasionally 9 flagellomeres.

2015 July 2, Dorchin N, Astrin JJ, Bodner L, Harris KM, “Morphological and Molecular Revision of the Genus Ozirhincus (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)—Long-Snouted Seed-Feeding Gall Midges on Asteraceae”, in PLOS ONE, volume 10, number 7, →DOI:

(zoology) A segment of the flagellum of the antenna of an insect or crustacean.


glycostructure

Intermediate glycostructures have different numbers of galactose, mannose, and sialic acid residues.

2015 July 2, Ligabue-Braun R, Sachett LG, Pol-Fachin L, Verli H, “The Calcium Goes Meow: Effects of Ions and Glycosylation on Fel d 1, the Major Cat Allergen”, in PLOS ONE, volume 10, number 7, →DOI:

(cytology) A structure of glycoproteins.


photoporation

Light: photoporation uses lasers to permeabilize cell membranes, with two principles described for gene therapy.

2015 July 2, Jumelle CMauclair CHouzet JBernard AHe ZForest Fet al., “Delivery of Molecules into Human Corneal Endothelial Cells by Carbon Nanoparticles Activated by Femtosecond Laser”, in PLOS ONE, volume 10, number 7, →DOI:

(cytology) The process of using light to create pores in a cell membrane


antibiofilm

The antibiofilm potential of PDT therapy can also be exploited in depletion of C.

2015 July 6, “Gold Nanoparticle-Photosensitizer Conjugate Based Photodynamic Inactivation of Biofilm Producing Cells: Potential for Treatment of C . albicans Infection in BALB/c Mice”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


amplificon

(genetics) The result of gene amplification (by using LAMP)


callogenesis

Unlike seed plants, ferns propagate through haploid spores (Figure 1 a), thus requiring germination and growth of the gametophyte phase in sterile tissue culture to obtain sporophytes for callogenesis.

2015 July 3, Andrew R G Plackett, Ester H Rabbinowitsch, Jane A Langdale, “Protocol: genetic transformation of the fern Ceratopteris richardii through microparticle bombardment”, in Plant Methods, volume 11, →DOI:

(biology) The formation of calli in damaged plant tissue


deoxynucleotyl

Cell proliferation reagent WST-1 and the TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labelling) assay were purchased from Roche (Mannhein, Germany).

2015 July 3, Juliane Rothe et al., “The flavonoid beverage Haelan 951 induces growth arrest and apoptosis in pancreatic carcinoma cell lines in vitro”, in BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, volume 15, →DOI:

(biochemistry, especially in combination) A univalent radical derived from a deoxynucleotide


ministack

The Golgi consists of a contiguous network of laterally linked ministacks positioned at the microtubule-organizing center.

2008, Timothy Feinstein, A New Model for Feedback Between Ribbon Structure of the Golgi Apparatus and Mitotic Cell Cycle Progression, →ISBN:

Here we show that Chlamydia infection in human epithelial cells induces Golgi fragmentation to generate Golgi ministacks surrounding the bacterial inclusion.

2008 December 7, Dagmar Heuer et al., “Chlamydia causes fragmentation of the Golgi compartment to ensure reproduction”, in Nature, volume 457, number 7230, →DOI, pages 731–735:

(biology) A component of the Golgi apparatus.


multiexon

Discrepancies in the metabolic response between the two strains may be attributed in part to the missense mutation (M35T) in exon 1 and a multiexon deletion of Nnt in the C57BL/6J mice.

2015 June 3, Elizabeth Rendina-Ruedy et al., “A Comparative Study of the Metabolic and Skeletal Response of C57BL/6J and C57BL/6N Mice in a Diet-Induced Model of Type 2 Diabetes”, in Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism, volume 2015, →DOI:

(genetics) Relating to more than one exon.


nodulin

In rice lines containing the dominant (susceptibility) allele of the gene, the expression of the nodulin homolog is up regulated upon infection with Xoo .

2015 May 31, Sharat Kumar Pradhan et al., “Pyramiding of three bacterial blight resistance genes for broad-spectrum resistance in deepwater rice variety, Jalmagna”, in Rice, volume 8, →DOI:

(biochemistry) Any of a class of plant proteins formed or enhanced during symbiotic nitrogen fixation in root nodules


sauvagine

CRF and related peptides, such as sauvagine, bind to the extracellular regions of CRF 1 R and activate the receptor.

2014 May 16, Katerina Spyridaki et al., “Structural-Functional Analysis of the Third Transmembrane Domain of the Corticotropin-releasing Factor Type 1 Receptor”, in The Journal of Biological Chemistry, volume 289, →DOI:

(biochemistry) A particular oligopeptide that functions as a neuropeptide


podcase

In some species, this selective pressure was not local but species-wide; evolution in maize, for example, turned the hard podcase of teosinte into easily milled, but still glumed, pod-corns and then into naked-grained cobs 41, 42 .

2009 February 11, Dorian Q. Fuller Michael D. Purugganan, “The nature of selection during plant domestication”, in Nature, volume 457, number 7231, →DOI, pages 843–848:


coalify

en-verb

coalify (third-person singular simple present coalifies, present participle coalifying, simple past and past participle coalified)

coalifies (present singular third-person)
coalifying (participle present)
coalified (participle past)
coalified (past)

The fossils are produced from an approximately 40 cm thick, organic-fragment-rich clayey, sandy mudstone that is rich in coalified root traces, both horizontal and vertical, suggesting a saturated or water-logged anoxic deposit.

2015 July 9, “Cranial Anatomy of Wendiceratops pinhornensis gen. et sp. nov., a Centrosaurine Ceratopsid (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) from the Oldman Formation (Campanian), Alberta, Canada, and the Evolution of Ceratopsid Nasal Ornamentation”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(paleontology, of a fossil) To change into coal.


antennation

en-noun

antennation (countable and uncountable, plural antennations)

Soldiers’ stridulations elicited a smaller amount of antennations, but not statistically different from those elicited by Paussus favieri single pulses or worker stridulations.

2015 July 9, “The Pied Piper: A Parasitic Beetle’s Melodies Modulate Ant Behaviours”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(entomology, of an insect) An act of antennating, or touching the antennae to another insect.

antenação

an act of touching the antennae to another insect


rewilder

In this way, the reintroduction of the black rat, as well as being justice for the rats and excellent for biodiversity, would, according to the thinking rewilder, symbolise a mystical reconnection with what is most verminous in ourselves.

2009 January 4, Catherine Bennett, “Catherine Bennett: After beavers and wolves, why not bring back the black rat?”, in The Observer:

His services are increasingly in demand from a new generation of rewilders, including wealthy landowners wanting to bring back beavers, as well as harvest mice, wildcats and white storks.

2020 October 13, Patrick Barkham, “How maverick rewilders are trying to turn back the tide of extinction”, in The Guardian, retrieved 2020-11-09:

(ecology) A person who advocates the reintroduction of animals into the wild as a means of conservation.


synganglion

It is thought that amitraz is a potential agonist of the octopaminergic system located in the tick synganglion.

2015 July 10, “SNP Analysis Infers that Recombination Is Involved in the Evolution of Amitraz Resistance in Rhipicephalus microplus”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(acarology) A nerve mass located near the esophagus in certain ticks.


coronamic acid

It is composed of two components, the polyketide coronafacic acid (CFA) and coronamic acid (CMA).

2015 July 6, “Analysis of Differentially Expressed Genes Associated with Coronatine-Induced Laticifer Differentiation in the Rubber Tree by Subtractive Hybridization Suppression”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

Pseudomonas syringae
Pseudomonas syringae#Translingual

(biochemistry) A cyclopropyl amino acid component of the phytotoxin coronatine, a virulence factor of the plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae.


virulome

To further assess the virulome, blast score ratio (BSR) analysis was used as previously described to query known virulence genes (S2 Table) and their homologs across all S.

2015 July 11, “Using Whole Genome Analysis to Examine Recombination across Diverse Sequence Types of Staphylococcus aureus”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(microbiology) The set of genes that contribute to the virulence of a bacterium.


genospecies

When their respective genotypes permit inter-bacterial genetic transfer and recombination, we may say that they belong to the same genospecies.

1963 September, Arnold W. Ravin, “Experimental Approaches to the Study of Bacterial Phylogeny”, in The American Naturalist, volume 97, number 89, page 308:

The genospecies complex of B. burgdorferi sensu lato has been divided into more than 4 distinct genospecies: B.burgdorferi sensu stricto (most North American isolates), Borrella garinii, Borrelia afzelii, Borrelia japonica, and other additional strains which do not fit into any of the specified genospecies.

1997, Carel J. van Oss, Immunological and Molecular Diagnosis of Infectious Disease:

The last two genospecies are etiologic agents of almost all LB cases in Russia, which encompasses the greater part of the range of B.

2015 July 6, “C6 Peptide-Based Multiplex Phosphorescence Analysis (PHOSPHAN) for Serologic Confirmation of Lyme Borreliosis”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(genetics, taxonomy) A species (group of organisms that can interbreed) identified and characterised by means of genetics.


globotriose

(biochemistry) A triose composed of two galactose residues and one glucose residue


globotriosyl

(biochemistry, especially in combination) A univalent radical derived from globotriose


caulescence

Meanwhile, their caulescence distribution falls above both axons and dendrites, similar to maximum branch order.

2015 July 10, Todd A Gillette, Giorgio A Ascoli, “Topological characterization of neuronal arbor morphology via sequence representation: I - motif analysis”, in BMC Bioinformatics, volume 16, →DOI:

(botany, neurology) The degree to which something, such as a plant or neuron, has a well-formed main stem.


monotopic

The fracture faces were free of particles, indicating that PDS-His 6 does not dip deeply into membranes, probably representing a monotopic membrane protein.

2015 July 6, “Phytoene Desaturase from Oryza sativa : Oligomeric Assembly, Membrane Association and Preliminary 3D-Analysis”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry, of a membrane protein) that interact with only one leaflet of the lipid bilayer


osteokine

osteokine (countable and uncountable, plural osteokines)

(biochemistry) A form of cytokine produced in bone cells.


otubain

CysP9 contains a single large ovarian tumor (OTU) domain suggesting it may belong to the otubain or peptidase_C65, and possibly possess functions similar to deubiquitinating enzymes of the peptidase_C65 family.

2015 July 6, “Identification, Characterization and Down-Regulation of Cysteine Protease Genes in Tobacco for Use in Recombinant Protein Production”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) Any of a family of proteases associated with ovarian tumours


cycas

(botany) Any member of the plant genus Cycas.


fibrocystin

ARPKD is a monogenetic disease resulting from mutations in PKHD1, which encodes the cilial protein fibrocystin.

2015 July 2, Kelly KJZhang JHan LKamocka MMiller CGattone VH IIet al., “Improved Structure and Function in Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Rat Kidneys with Renal Tubular Cell Therapy”, in PLOS ONE, volume 10, number 7, →DOI:

(biochemistry) A large receptor-like protein, thought to be involved in the tubulogenesis and/or maintenance of duct-lumen architecture of epithelium.


preovulation

(biology) The period of time that precedes ovulation.


periovulation

They found that skin is redder at periovulation than during the luteal phase.

2015 July 2, Burriss RPTroscianko JLovell PGFulford AJCStevens MQuigley Ret al., “Changes in Women’s Facial Skin Color over the Ovulatory Cycle are Not Detectable by the Human Visual System”, in PLOS ONE, volume 10, number 7, →DOI:

(biology) The period of time around which ovulation occurs.


retrotranscribe

en-verb

retrotranscribe (third-person singular simple present retrotranscribes, present participle retrotranscribing, simple past and past participle retrotranscribed)

retrotranscribes (present singular third-person)
retrotranscribing (participle present)
retrotranscribed (participle past)
retrotranscribed (past)

One μg of total RNA was retrotranscribed to cDNA using Superscript II RNase H - (Invitrogen), following the manufacturer’s instructions, with random hexamers to prime the elongation reaction.

2015 July 11, “Growth Arrest Specific 1 ( Gas1 ) Gene Overexpression in Liver Reduces the In Vivo Progression of Murine Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Partially Restores Gene Expression Levels”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


shootward

In Arabidopsis roots, cold stress may reduce shootward auxin transport and alter the intracellular auxin gradient.

2015 July 2, Yang Y-W, Chen H-C, Jen W-F, Liu L-Y, Chang M-C, “Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Shoots and Roots of TNG67 and TCN1 Rice Seedlings under Cold Stress and Following Subsequent Recovery: Insights into Metabolic Pathways, Phytohormones, and Transcription Factors”, in PLOS ONE, volume 10, number 7, →DOI:


adipolin

Other adipocytokines are: secreted frizzled-related protein 5 (Sfrp-5) and adipolin.

2015 July 8, Ozra Tabatabaei-Malazy, Bagher Larijani, Mohammad Abdollahi, “Targeting metabolic disorders by natural products”, in Journal of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, volume 14, →DOI:

(biochemistry) A particular adipokine, encoded in humans by the FAM132A gene.


lumazine synthase

DNA vaccines encoding ribosomal L7/L12, lumazine synthase (BLS), P39 (a putative periplasmic binding protein), Omp16 (outer membrane protein) and BAB1_0278 genes have demonstrated to confer protection against B. abortus challenge in mice.

2015 July 8, Elaine MS Dorneles, Nammalwar Sriranganathan, Andrey P. Lage, “Recent advances in Brucella abortus vaccines”, in Veterinary Research, volume 46, →DOI:

(biochemistry) An enzyme, involved in riboflavin biosynthesis, that catalyzes the chemical reaction 1-deoxy-L-glycero-tetrulose 4-phosphate + 5-amino-6-(D-ribitylamino)uracil ⇌ 6,7-dimethyl-8-(D-ribityl)lumazine + 2 H₂O + phosphate.


sclerostin

AMG785 and AMG167 are humanized monoclonal antibodies against sclerostin that have not yet completed all phases of clinical trials.

(biochemistry) A glycoprotein that has an antianabolic effect on bone formation.


caseinolytic

A recent study focused on the enzymatic and cytotoxic functions of jellyfish metalloproteases and identified diverse proteolytic effects including gelatinolytic, caseinolytic, and fibrinolytic activities.

2015 June 18, Mahdokht Jouiaei et al., “Ancient Venom Systems: A Review on Cnidaria Toxins”, in Toxins, volume 7, →DOI:


phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride

One hundred milligrams of frozen lung tissue was homogenized in buffer A (0.32 M sucrose, 5 m M Tris–HCl pH 7.5, 120 m M KCl, 1 m M EDTA, 0.2 m M phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride, 1 μg ml −1 leupeptin, 1 μg ml −1 pepstatin and 1 μg ml −1 aprotinin) and spun at 4 °C, 12 890 g for 10 min.

2015 June 5, Jun Chai et al., “Effects of sevoflurane on tight junction protein expression and PKC-α translocation after pulmonary ischemia–reperfusion injury”, in Experimental & Molecular Medicine, volume 47, →DOI:

(biochemistry) A serine protease inhibitor commonly used in the preparation of cell lysates.


equinatoxin

(biochemistry) Any of a group of cytotoxic proteins found in Actinia equina.


sticholysin

(biochemistry) Any of a group of cytotoxic proteins found in Stichodactyla helianthus.


magnificalysin

(biochemistry) Any of a group of cytotoxic proteins found in Heteractis magnifica.


tenebrosin

(biochemistry) Any of a group of cytotoxic proteins found in Actinia tenebrosa.


cladogenetic

As outlined above, a series of novel morphological traits are correlated with the cladogenetic events in Petrocosmea, all are first documented in present study.

2015 July 3, Zhi-Jing Qiu et al., “Origin and evolution of Petrocosmea (Gesneriaceae) inferred from both DNA sequence and novel findings in morphology with a test of morphology-based hypotheses”, in BMC Plant Biology, volume 15, →DOI:

(genetics) Alternative form of cladogenic


dorvilleid

Seep sediments had higher densities of ampharetid, dorvilleid, hesionid, cirratulid and lacydoniid polychaetes, whereas carbonates had more gastropods, as well as syllid, chrysopetalid and polynoid polychaetes.

2015 July 10, “Biodiversity on the Rocks: Macrofauna Inhabiting Authigenic Carbonate at Costa Rica Methane Seeps”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(zoology) Any member of the family Dorvilleidae of polychaete worms.


pertactin

Bpp5 has intact genes encoding known adherence factors, such as filamentous hemaglutinin (fhaB, fhaL, fhaC, fhaS), pertactin (prn) and fimbriae (fimD, fimC, fimB, fimA, fim2, fim3, fimN, fimX), and the sequence similarity was greater than 90% in comparison to B.

2015 July 10, “Host Specificity of Ovine Bordetella parapertussis and the Role of Complement”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) A highly immunogenic virulence factor of Bordetella pertussis, a bacterium that causes pertussis.


syllid

(zoology) Any member of the family Syllidae.