tristratose

(anatomy, botany) Composed of three cell layers


en-noun

hrsACE2 (countable and uncountable, plural hrsACE2s)

angiotensin converting enzyme 2
angiotensin converting enzyme 2#English

(biochemistry) Abbreviation of human recombinant soluble angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (a genetically modified soluble form of ACE2).

human recombinant soluble ACE2

human recombinant soluble angiotensin-converting enzyme 2


ACE2 (countable and uncountable, plural ACE2s)

Like SARS-CoV-2, HKU5-CoV-2 can enter cells via the human ACE2 receptor protein on cell surfaces. The newly identified coronavirus is a part of the same family as the virus that causes deadly Middle East respiratory syndrome, or MERS.

2025 February 25, Jen Christiensen, “Scientists have identified a new coronavirus in bats, but it’s not a public health threat”, in CNN:

(biochemistry) Abbreviation of angiotensin converting enzyme 2.

human recombinant soluble ACE2

a genetically modified soluble form of ACE2


ACE1 (countable and uncountable, plural ACE1s)

angiotensin converting enzyme 1
angiotensin converting enzyme 1#English

(biochemistry) Abbreviation of angiotensin converting enzyme 1.


spike protein

Many vaccines against the coronavirus, as well as several treatments, take aim at its spike protein, the virus’s most potent weapon — and its Achilles’ heel. Without its spikes, the pathogen can’t get into human cells.

2020 July 28, Katherine J. Wu, “The Coronavirus Could Dodge Some Treatments, Study Suggests”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

(virology) A protein used to bind or connect membranes together, such as a transmembrane link between a virus and a cell.

moesin

a human spike protein encoded by the MSN gene, used to link intracellular membranes


barriology

(biology) The study of cellular barriers


resilium

(zoology) An internal ligament that holds together the two valves of certain bivalve mollusks.


resilifer

(zoology) A recess or a process for the attachment of the resilium.


schizodont

The schizodont arrangement is found in most unionids.

(zoology) Having reverse V-shaped scissurate hinge teeth, and often an elongated lateral tooth.


schizodont

(zoology) An organism having hinge teeth of this kind.


jewel box

(zoology) Any of the Chamidae, a family of bivalves.


anodont

(zoology) Having a strong ligament, or a series of transverse ligamental grooves, instead of true hinge teeth.


coleoptericin

(biochemistry) Any of a group of antibacterial proteins present in some insects


protandrogonous

Probably from prot- + andro- + Ancient Greek γονή (gonḗ, “offspring; genitals”) + -ous, from πρῶτος (prôtos, “first, earliest”) + ἀνήρ (anḗr, “man, male”).

af

protoandrogonous (alternative)
proto-androgonous (alternative)

Strongyloides stercoralis
Strongyloides stercoralis#Translingual

(nematology) Referring to female forms of certain nematodes (Strongyloides stercoralis), in which male reproductive organs develop and disappear before female reproductive organs develop.


diploinsufficiency

en-noun

diploinsufficiency (countable and uncountable, plural diploinsufficiencies)

(genetics) The state of a diploid organism having only a single copy of a particular gene, the other copy being inactivated due to mutation


upmethylate

en-verb

upmethylate (third-person singular simple present upmethylates, present participle upmethylating, simple past and past participle upmethylated)

upmethylates (present singular third-person)
upmethylating (participle present)
upmethylated (participle past)
upmethylated (past)

(genetics) To methylate (a gene) more than usually


downmethylate

downmethylate (third-person singular simple present downmethylates, present participle downmethylating, simple past and past participle downmethylated)

downmethylates (present singular third-person)
downmethylating (participle present)
downmethylated (participle past)
downmethylated (past)

(genetics) To methylate (a gene) less than usually


downmethylation

(genetics) The process, or the result of downmethylating


excretome

(biochemistry) That part of a proteome consisting of proteins excreted from a cell


glucohexokinase

en-noun

glucohexokinase (countable and uncountable, plural glucohexokinases)


hypercompetition

(economics, biology) An elevated level of competition (between companies or organisms)


hyperhydricity

(botany) The result of excessive hydration


lachryphagy

(biology) The condition of being lachryphagous.


mercapturate

(biochemistry) Any salt of mercapturic acid


mercapturation

(biochemistry) The formation of mercapturates, or of mercapturic acids


oxylipidomics

(biochemistry) The lipidomics of oxylipids


photobiotechnology

(biochemistry) photochemical biotechnology (typically employing photosynthesis)


procrusculum

From pro- (“before”) + Latin crusculum (“small leg or shank”), from diminutive of crūs (“leg, shank, shin”).

af

(zoology) The ambulatory buds of rediae.


rhinocerosin

(biochemistry) An antibacterial protein present in larvae of a rhinoceros beetle, Oryctes rhinoceros


sapromycophagous

(biology) saprophagous and/or mycophagous


spirocyclase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyses a spirocyclization reaction, especially the formation of a spiroketal


strombine

(biochemistry) The derivative of alanine 2-(carboxymethylamino)propanoic acid


synanthropy

(biology) The condition of being synanthropic


ultramutation

en-noun

ultramutation (countable and uncountable, plural ultramutations)


androhermaphrodite

(botany) That produces both male and bisexual flowers


neisseria

neisseria (plural neisserias or neisseriae)

(bacteriology) Any of several Gram-negative bacteria of the genus Neisseria.


moraxella

moraxella (plural moraxellas or moraxellae)

Borrowed from translingual Moraxella (genus name).

(bacteriology) Any of several short rod-shaped Gram-negative bacteria of the genus Moraxella (under family Moraxellaceae) which includes the causative agent (Moraxella lacunata) of catarrhal conjunctivitis; the bacterium inhabits the mucous membranes of mammals and causes infections of the middle ear, respiratory tract, and conjunctiva.


basiplastic

(botany) Both basal and plastic (pliant).

(botany) Designating those leaves whose permanent tissue appears first at the apex, the lower portion continuing longer as meristem.


ectocolpus

(botany) A groove on the surface of a pollen grain


germinosome

(biology) A cluster of germinant receptors on the inner membrane of a spore


haploweb

(genetics) A graphical representation of related haplotypes


maxiferritin

(biochemistry) A form of ferritin that has a large internal cavity


thymidineless

DNA synthesis decreases due to lack of thymidine, leading to imbalanced cell growth and “thymidine-less death” of rapidly dividing cells.

2015, Kourtney LaPlant, Paige Louzon, “Anticancer Drugs”, in Karen Whalen, Richard Finkel, Thomas A. Panavelil, editors, Lippincott Illustrated Reviews: Pharmacology, 6th edition, Wolters Kluwer, →ISBN, page 596:


photooxidase

photooxidase (usually uncountable, plural photooxidases)


preprosomatostatin

(biochemistry) A precursor of prosomatostatin


tomont

(microbiology) The life-stage of a protozoan where it encysts and reproduces.


tomocyst

(microbiology) An encysted form of a tomont.


epedaphic

(ecology) That lives on or above the ground


xylopodium

(botany) A woody stem or root, typically underground.


AII

(biochemistry) Abbreviation of angiotensin II.


bioelemental

(biochemistry) Relating to elements of biochemical origin


cerebroprotein

cerebroprotein (countable and uncountable, plural cerebroproteins)

(biochemistry) The protein content of brain tissue


chlorenchymatous

(botany) Relating to, or composed of chlorenchyma


coenocline

From Ancient Greek κοινός (koinós, “common”) plus Ancient Greek κλίνω (klínō, “to lean”).

(ecology) A gradient of organisms (typically plants) from the base to the summit of a hill or mountain


glucuronoconjugated

(biochemistry) Conjugated with glucuronic acid.


glucuronoconjugation

(biochemistry) Conjugation with glucuronic acid.


magnetoferritin

(biochemistry) A superparamagnetic form of ferritin that contains magnetic ferric oxide in its interior


TIMP

(biochemistry) Initialism of thioinosine monophosphate.


TGMP

(biochemistry) Initialism of thioguanine monophosphate.


Notably, mouse lines targeting genes codifying for serotonin receptors, for enzymes involved in 5-HT synthesis as Tph1 and Tph2, in its metabolism as monoaminoxidase A (MAOA) or in its re-uptake as serotonin transporter (SERT), have been generated.

2015 August 21, “Generation of a Tph2 Conditional Knockout Mouse Line for Time- and Tissue-Specific Depletion of Brain Serotonin”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) Initialism of 5-hydroxytryptamine.


dFdC

(biochemistry) Abbreviation of difluorodeoxycytidine.


MTIC

(biochemistry) Initialism of methyltriazenoimidazole carboxamide.


otolin

otolin (countable and uncountable, plural otolins)

(biochemistry) A protein found in the inner ear of vertebrates.


multialignment

(genetics) alignment with multiple genetic sequencies


perithallus

(botany) The layer of cells surrounding a thallus


pseudotympanum

(zoology) A translucent, triangular area behind the opercle of some fish (supposed to function in hearing).


kackle

With mated birds, however, the preening bird was not aggressive and approached the partner with appeasement displays such as Head Jerks, Kackles and ambivalent movements.

Females never revealed their sex during greetings; no females solicited copulations or produced calls other than 'kackles'.

1999, Proceedings: Biological sciences, page 546:

Black-throated Finches give 'kackles' in the same situations as do Long-tailed Finches, and they appear to have the same appeasement function.

2012, Joseph Michael Forshaw, Mark Shephard, Grassfinches in Australia, page 181:

(ornithology) A low raspy noise accompanied by head jerks, used to signal appeasement in some species.


kackle

en-verb

kackle (third-person singular simple present kackles, present participle kackling, simple past and past participle kackled)

kackles (present singular third-person)
kackling (participle present)
kackled (participle past)
kackled (past)

A bird 'kackling' while alighting may be ignored or greeted in return with weak 'kackles' and headjerks.

2012, Joseph Michael Forshaw, Mark Shephard, Grassfinches in Australia, page 167:

(ornithology) To make a kackle while jerking the head, signalling appeasement.


superenhancer

(genetics) A region of a genome composed of many enhancers


thiogalactopyranosidase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of a thiogalactopyranoside


species-rich

en-adj

species-rich (comparative more species-rich, superlative most species-rich)

more species-rich (comparative)
most species-rich (superlative)

The most common and species-rich backboned animal (vertebrates) worldwide and at Wembury are, arguably, the fish.


proverse

proverse (comparative more proverse, superlative most proverse)

more proverse (comparative)
most proverse (superlative)

From Latin prōversus (“turned forwards”), perfect passive participle of prōvertō (“to turn forwards”), from prō- (“before, in front of”) + vertō (“to turn”). By surface analysis, pro- + -verse. Doublet of prose.

The divide between proverse and obverse markings is obvious, particularly in resting burrows which form the most common type in this group.

1970, T. P. Crimes, J. C. Harper, Trace Fossils, page 457:

Proverse scratches are due to a headdown attitude of the body, whereby only the diggings of the anterior legs are preserved in the undertrace (Pl. 13).

2007, Adolf Seilacher, Trace Fossil Analysis, page 192:

The proverse direction of leg marks in the anterior and long, deep endopodal scratches make Form A strikingly similar to the Upper Cambrian or possibly lowermost Ordovician (Seilacher 2007) Australian Rusophycus latus Webby, a rusophyciform version of the Upper Cambrian Omani Cruziana omanica (Seilacher).

2008, Mary-Ruth Kotelnicki, Remnants of Cruising Trilobites, page 31:


amylohydrolase

(biochemistry) Any hydrolase that hydrolyses starch


anticholinesterasic

(biochemistry) Relating to, or functioning as anticholinesterase


antimycogram

(biology) A laboratory procedure in which samples of a fungus are treated with a variety of antimycotics


arachnivore

(biology) Any organism that eats spiders


arbuscocyte

(cytology) An arbuscular (dendritic) cell


biodesign

en-noun

biodesign (countable and uncountable, plural biodesigns)

(biology) The design of biological systems


blisterase

(biochemistry) A proprotein convertase, similar to subtilisin, present in nematodes


deltate

From delta (a greek letter of triangular form) + -ate (adjective-forming suffix).


chionophobe

From Ancient Greek χιών (khiṓn, “snow”) + -phobe.

(biology) Any plant that does not thrive in snowy conditions.


chionophobous

(biology) Relating to or characteristic of chionophobes.


plasma protein

(biochemistry) A protein present in the blood plasma.


cyclophorase

(biochemistry) Any of a group of oxidative enzymes associated with mitochondria


deoxyribodipyrimidine

(biochemistry) A dimer formed from deoxyribopyrimidine by the action of ultraviolet light


free-floating

(biology) That floats in water without attachment to anything and with no means of propulsion


furcocercous

From Medieval Latin furcātus (“forked, branched”), from Latin furca (“fork”) + -cercous.

bor

On examining these, we found one or two infected with cercariae belonging to the furcocercous or fork tailed group.

1946, Paul Bartsch, Schistosomophora in China, page 2:

The cercaria is an apharyngeal, distome cercaria of the furcocercous, brevifurcate type with pigmented eyespots .

1958, Parasitology Reprints: Trematoda, Schistosoma - Volume 1, page 711:

Miller (1926) published a monograph of furcocurcous cercariae, and Cort and Brooks (1928) reported on the holostome cercariae in the Doublas Lake Region of Michigan.

1972, Thomas Allen Erlandson, The Larval Trematode Parasites of Snails Inhabiting a Semipermanent Pond, and Ecological Factors Affecting Their Seasonal Occurrence, page 1:

(biology, of a cercaria) Having a forked tail


gyroxin

(biochemistry) A toxin present in the venom of the rattlesnake Crotalus durissus


hexogenesis

(biochemistry) The biogenesis of hexoses


hypertely

(biology) An extreme degree of imitative colouration


isoinhibitor

(biochemistry) Any material that inhibits the action of two or more others equally


leafburst

(botany) The eruption of a new leaf through the underlying tissue


oxythermal

(ecology, of a water environment) warm and rich in oxygen


zoosphere

en-noun

zoosphere (countable and uncountable, plural zoospheres)

zoospheres (plural)
zoösphere (alternative)

[…] this mode of selection does not seem to apply to the zoosphere of the investigated Antarctic sediments.

1988, Wolfgang Reichardt, “Impact of the Antarctic Benthic Fauna on the Enrichment of Biopolymer Degrading Psychrophilic Bacteria”, in Microbial Ecology, volume 15, number 3, page 319:

(ecology) A layer in which animals are present.


phytopolyphenol

(biochemistry) Any polyphenol of plant origin


Tn

(biochemistry, medicine) Abbreviation of troponin.


selenometabolism

(biochemistry) The metabolism of selenium compounds, typically of selenoproteins


taxonogenomic

(taxonomy, genetics) Relating to taxonogenomics


tuberculoventral

By surface analysis, tubercul(um) + -o- + ventr(um) + -al.


glucosylgalactose

(biochemistry) A disaccharide composed of glucose and galactose found in collagen.


sparrows' wedding

en-noun

sparrows' wedding (plural sparrows' weddings)

(ornithology) a group of chirping sparrows (often males around a single female) usually occurring in the spring and early summer


amphioceanic

(biology) That inhabits two oceans (typically the Arctic and North Atlantic or North Pacific)


aneupolyploidy

(genetics) The condition of being aneupolyploid


theromorph

This functional configuration is as different from that of monkeys as the monkeys' is from that of the theromorphs. Monkeys share with certain theromorphs the possibility of having a free hand when seated […]

1993, André Leroi-Gourhan, Gesture and Speech, page 61:

(zoology) Any member of the Theromorpha.


tTG

(biochemistry) Abbreviation of tissue transglutaminase.


geoecosystem

(geology, ecology) An ecosystem associated with a particular geological niche


heteroxylous

(biology, of a tree) Having wood of different types (typically heartwood and sapwood)


sGC

guanylyl cyclase
guanylyl cyclase#English

(biochemistry) Abbreviation of soluble guanylyl cyclase.


lipocarbohydrate

(biochemistry) A complex of lipid and carbohydrate


neprosin

(biochemistry) A peptidase present in the digestive fluid of the pitcher plant Nepenthes ventrata


pathotroph

(biology) An organism that derives nourishment from a pathogen


phosphonull

(biochemistry) Not modified by phosphomimetics


polyaminosaccharide

(biochemistry) Any polymeric aminosaccharide


pseudomonomerous

From pseudo- + monomerous. By surface analysis, pseudo- + mono + -merous.

surf

(botany) Apparently monomerous, but actually composed of two fused parts.


quadranucleotide

(genetics) a codon containing four nucleotides


rhizocretion

(botany) A concretion on the roots of a plant


synzoochory

(biology) The dispersal of seed by animals who store them in a cache


telocollagen

(biochemistry) A form of collagen that terminates in a telopeptide


thigmotherm

(biology) An animal that derives warmth from a warm object in its environment


aggrephagy

(biology) autophagy or protein aggregates


chronic bee paralysis virus

Apis mellifera
Apis mellifera#Translingual

(virology) A virus that infects bees such as those of species Apis mellifera and causes paralysis and death of the bees.


vagrate

en-verb

vagrate (third-person singular simple present vagrates, present participle vagrating, simple past and past participle vagrated)

vagrates (present singular third-person)
vagrating (participle present)
vagrated (participle past)
vagrated (past)

There is scarcely any doubt, however, that a few do breed in the Carn districts, and that they vagrate out to surrounding hills.

1895, John Alexander Harvie-Brown, Thomas E. Buckley, A Fauna of the Moray Basin - Volume 2, page 156:

A moth that is possessed by the instinct to migrate (which is the wrong word; moths do not "migrate" as the zoologist knows migration; they "vagrate"), soars almost as soon as its wings are dry; the very first flight that it makes is the flight that carries it across the sea.

1940, The Entomologist; Volumes 73-75, page 205:

The neonate larvae appear from mid-June to early July and vagrate to the leaves, where they settle, preferably on the lower side.

1953, İstanbul Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi Mecmuası:

Most western vagrants involve species that frequently vagrate to the East; the only exceptions are all from the Southwest: Broad-billed Hummingbird, Tropical/ Couch's Kingbird, and Cassin's Sparrow (DeSante & Pyle, 1986).

2006, Laurence Charles Binford, Birds of the Keweenaw Peninsula, Michigan, page 220:

(zoology) To wander randomly before settling in a new place to live.


furcasternum

(entomology) The posterior part of an insect sternum bearing the furca


ichnotype

(taxonomy) A footprint of a type specimen (especially an extinct one)


idiobiology

(biology) The study of biological individuals


proctiger

(entomology) The terminal segment of an insect's abdomen, containing the anus.


epiproct

(entomology) Either of the lateral lobes of the proctiger.


lufaxin

(biochemistry) A protein in the saliva of sand flies


microparasol

(biology) A perinuclear complex of microtubules that protects the nucleus of a cell from damage by ultraviolet light


microratchet

(biology) A microscopic ratchet, typically formed from nanohairs


mitophylogenomic

(genetics) Relating to mitophylogenomics


monadicity

(philosophy, chemistry, biology, mathematics) The condition of being monadic


neuritin

(biochemistry) A neurotrophic protein that promotes neurite growth


Madrean

From Spanish madre + -an.
Named for the Sierra Madre Occidental

suffix

Spanish <i class="Latn mention" lang="es">madre</i>

He defined the Madrean archipelago as those island mountains with a pine-oak woodland.

1995, Peter Warshall, “The Madrean Sky Island Archipelago: A Planetary Overview”, in Rocky Mountain Forest, Range Experiment Station, General Technical Report RM, page 6:

(biogeography) Pertaining to the Sierra Madre Occidental


protamination

(biology) The formation of protamines during spermatogenesis


pterochorous

(botany, of seeds) Having "wings" that are used for dispersal by the wind


ubiquitinable

(biochemistry) That can be ubiquitinated


convicilin

en-noun

convicilin (countable and uncountable, plural convicilins)

(biochemistry) A trimeric globulin, related to vicilin, present in peas


exodeubiquitinase

exodeubiquitinase (countable and uncountable, plural exodeubiquitinases)


lapidicolous

From Latin lapis, lapid- (“stone”) + Latin -i- (linking vowel used in compound words) + Latin colō, col- (“cultivate; inhabit, dwell”) + -ous.

af

(biology) That lives around or under rocks or stones


limnofauna

en-noun

limnofauna (countable and uncountable, plural limnofaunas)

(biology) The animals that live in fresh water


elosulfase

(biochemistry) An enzyme that mimics the activity of a sulfatase


lanceoloid

en-adj

lanceoloid (comparative more lanceoloid, superlative most lanceoloid)

more lanceoloid (comparative)
most lanceoloid (superlative)

Carex rosea generally has ovoid-lanceoloid perigynia with a length-width ratio of 2.0-2.5:1, and is non-rhizomatous as well.

1987 December 7, “Carex socialis (Cyperaceae): A New Record for the Atlantic Coastal Plain”, in Castanea, volume 52, number 4, page 311:

(botany) Three-dimensional, narrow at both ends with the widest part below the middle.


melittophilous

(botany, of plants) That attract insects such as ants or bees which then pollinate the flower


microtomentum

However, you can still separate these genera from Lucilia because the thorax of each genus (Cynomya and Cyanus) is covered with whitish microtomentum while it is not in Lucilia.

2012, Terry Whitworth, Tips For Using The Keys More Effectively And Errata:

(entomology) A very fine pubescence that appears as a color pattern except under high magnification.


microtomentose

microtomentose (comparative more microtomentose, superlative most microtomentose)

more microtomentose (comparative)
most microtomentose (superlative)

(entomology) Covered with microtomentum.


romerogram

Named after American paleontologist Alfred Romer + -o- + -gram.

named-after

(paleontology, uncommon) A cladogram that doubles as a spindle diagram.


spindle diagram

en-noun

spindle diagram (plural spindle diagrams)

(paleontology) A diagram showing diversity of taxa through time by the thickness of lines, often as part of a cladogram.


leafule

There are other forest ferns with golden, translucent scales, but their leaves are very different from those of Christmas fern – usually much lacier because each frond is divided into leaflets, which are further divided into separate leafules.

2013 May 20, Elizabeth Farnsworth, “Fabulous Forest Ferns”, in Northern Woodlands:

(botany) A subdivision of a leaflet (which is in turn a subdivision of a leaf).


DNAemia

DNAemia (countable and uncountable, plural DNAemias)

DNAemias (plural)
DNAaemia (alternative)

(medicine, virology) The presence of the DNA of a specific virus in the blood.


BKPyV

(virology) Abbreviation of BK polyomavirus.


RNAemia

RNAemia (countable and uncountable, plural RNAemias)

RNAemias (plural)
RNAaemia (alternative)

(medicine, virology) The presence of the RNA of a specific virus in the blood.


MCPyV

Merkel cell polyomavirus
Merkel cell polyomavirus#English

(virology) Abbreviation of Merkel cell polyomavirus.


interorganellular

The hypothesis that the fusion of the two chloroplasts, just like nuclear fusion, brings together the ct-DNA from parental types resulting in an “interorganellular gene recombination" by physical exchange of pieces of DNA is very attractive […]

(biology, rare) Relating to, or functioning via interaction between organelles.


floricane

See Latin flos (“flower”), English cane (“plant stem”).

An experiment was carried out to investigate whether detached segments of floricanes during winter pruning of erect blackberries could be used as a source of propagating material.

1997 July, HortScience, volume 32, number 4, →DOI:

(botany) A stem of some species of Rubus in its second year of growth, when it bears flowers.


creatine phosphokinase

creatine phosphokinase (plural creatine phosphokinases)

(biochemistry) The creatine kinase enzyme.

creatinfosfochinasi

creatine kinase — see also creatine kinase


CPK

creatine phosphokinase
creatine phosphokinase#English

(biochemistry) Initialism of creatine phosphokinase.


PCr

(biochemistry) Abbreviation of phosphocreatine.


creatine phosphate

creatine phosphate (plural creatine phosphates)

creatinfosfato

phosphocreatine — see also phosphocreatine


mycocellulose

(biochemistry) A form of cellulose, similar to chitin, that forms the membranes of fungi


postfrons

(entomology) The part of the frons of an insect above or behind the antennae.


prefrons

(entomology) The part of the frons of an insect ahead of or below the antennae.


subcallus

It is interesting to note that the presumed male of this species does not have shiny anterior tentorial pits but does have a pair of dark brown spots on the subcallus, these lacking in the female.

1985, Richard C. Wilkerson, “A new species of Stenotabanus (Brachytabanus) (Diptera: Tabanidae) with a key to the species of the subgenus”, in Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, volume 87, number 1, page 223:

(entomology) The lowest of the calli on the frons of some species of horse flies.


polster

It is on this rocky surface that one finds many of the growth forms associated with extreme life conditions: polsters, mat plants, espaliers.

1915 April, F. J. Smiley, “The alpine and subapline vegetation of the Lake Tahoe region”, in Botanical Gazette, volume 59, page 265:

The polsters give the glacier the appearance of a cobble-strewn surface.

1972, Calvin J. Heusser, “Polsters of the moss Drepanocladus berggrenii on Gilkey Glacier, Alaska”, in Torreya, volume 99, number 1, pages 34–36:

Moss polsters were sampled using an equivalent surface cross-section area to that of the traps.

1991, P. R. Cundill, “Comparisons of moss polster and pollen trap data: a pilot study”, in Grana, volume 30, number 2, →DOI:

(botany) A clump of moss; a glacier mouse.


cryosere

Colonization of mosses on glaciers, although unusual, is considered the earliest stage in a cryosere which regionally terminates in the development of hemlock forest.

1972, Calvin J. Heusser, “Polsters of the moss Drepanocladus berggrenii on Gilkey Glacier, Alaska”, in Torreya, volume 99, number 1, →JSTOR, pages 34–36:

These colonies of mosses invading the glacier surface appear to represent the earliest stages of a lithosere or, more precisely, a cryosere.

2014, James H. Dickson, Robert E. Johnson, “Mosses and the beginning of plant succession on the Walker Glacier, southeastern Alaska”, in Lindbergia, volume 37, number 2, →DOI, pages 60–65:

(ecology, rare) A sere originating when moss colonizes ice.


subjective synonym

subjective synonym (plural subjective synonyms)

(zoology, taxonomy) A synonym in which the names that are being synonymized have different types, based to some extent on the opinion of the writer.


objective synonym

objective synonym (plural objective synonyms)

(zoology, taxonomy) A synonym that shares the same type with the another name.


abductin

Coined by Robert E. Kelly and Robert V. Rice in 1967, from abductor + -in.

coinage

(biochemistry) An insoluble elastic protein found in the hinge ligament of bivalve mollusks.


monocephaly

(rare, botany) The quality of being monocephalic or monocephalous.


phallapodeme

Internally, the male genitalia are made up of a long rod-like phallapodeme (fused to the hypandrium anteriorly), a broad hypandrium (attached to sternite 10) and pregonite (possibly the postgonite), a small ejaculatory apodeme, and a flat basiphallus (forming a ring with the base of the phallapodeme through which the ejaculatory duct passes) that is fused to the distiphallus.

2009, “Acartophthalmidae”, in Tree of Life web project:

(entomology) A sclerite articulating with the phallus.


minuten pin

The holotype is double mounted (minuten pin in a block of plastic), is in excellent condition, and is deposited in the USNM.

2012 December 5, Wayne N. Mathis, Tadeusz Zatwarnicki, “A revision of the New World species of Gymnoclasiopa Hendel (Diptera: Ephydridae)”, in ZooKeys, volume 248, →DOI, pages 1–69:

(entomology) A small, headless insect pin.


fenestrid

(paleontology) Any extinct bryozoan in the order Fenestrida.


juxtaform

(biology, taxonomy) A superclass of trypanosomatid parasites with laterally-attached flagellum.


liberform

(biology, taxonomy) A superclass of trypanosomatid parasites with a flagellum that is not laterally-attached .


prefamily

The shifting of the superfamily a step upward by Griffiths and the introduction of the prefamily for the category usually called superfamily, is I believe, unfortunate.

1974, George C. Steyskal, “Recent Advances in the Primary Classification of the Diptera”, in Annals of the Entomological Society of America, volume 67, number 3, →DOI, pages 513–517:

(taxonomy, rare) A taxonomic rank above the level of family.


cytocomplex

Based on the different combination of the arms, caused by whole-arm translocations, the Chironomus species are grouped into several cytocomplexes.

2011 May 5, Wolfgang F. Wülker et al., “Karyotypes of Chironomus Meigen (Diptera: Chironomidae) species from Africa”, in Comparative Cytogenetics, volume 5, number 1, →DOI:

(biology) A group of species with similar karyotypes.


mandevilla

From the genus name, after Henry Mandeville (1773-1861), British diplomat and gardener.

(botany) Any of the genus Mandevilla of tropical and subtropical flowering vines, native to the Americas.


bearded iris

en-noun

bearded iris (plural bearded iris or bearded irises)

bearded iris (plural)
bearded irises (plural)

(botany, horticulture) Any species or cultivar of the bearded rhizomatous irises of the section Iris subg. Iris sect. Iris, especially Iris × germanica.


irisology

(rare, botany, horticulture) The study or cultivation of irises.


taxonavigation

From taxo- + navigation. Coined on Wikispecies, which was launched in 2004.

Taxonavigation in design and architecture, much like the contemporary preoccupation with tagging, labeling, blogging, and wikiing has become integral to praxis and pedagogy.

2012, Liat Margolis, “Encoding Digital and Analogue Taxonavigation”, in Thomas Schröpfer, editor, Material Design: Informing Architecture by Materiality, Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 148:

A good example for a taxonomy is the Wikispecies project, which aims at creating a directory of species. In the “Taxonavigation” the path in the taxonomy leading to the species is depicted.

2014, S Arroyo, K Siorpaes, “ONTOLOGIES AND ONTOLOGY LANGUAGES”, in Handbook of Metadata, Semantics and Ontologies, World Scientific, page 145:

Taxonavigation of microalgae
Chlorella vulgaris belongs to Chlorophyta (green algae) […] they were subjected to classification by dividing under main taxonomic groups based on their pigmentation.

2019 September, G. Panduranga Murthy, Rajesh Kumar, “Optimized production of biodiesel by fresh water algae oils derived from Chlorella wild stuff and performance characteristics of engine system by employing integration of chemical sciences and engineering technologies”, in NISCAIR-CSIR, India:

(taxonomy) The navigation of a directory of species or other taxonomic entities.


spathiphyllum

Borrowed from translingual Spathiphyllum.

Two Spathiphyllums were selected for testing. One spath was used for aerobic (leaves A-C) and anoxic (leaves D-F) wounding experiments. The second Spath was used for the spectral analysis tests.

2018 June 14, Carl L. Oros, Fabio Alves, “Leaf wound induced ultraweak photon emission is suppressed under anoxic stress: Observations of Spathiphyllum under aerobic and anaerobic conditions using novel in vivo methodology”, in PloS one., →DOI, →PMID, →PMCID:

(botany) Any plant of the genus Spathiphyllum.


CIMP

(medicine, genetics) Initialism of CpG island methylator phenotype.


medusavirus

From Ancient Greek Μέδουσα (Médousa, “Medusa”) + -virus. From Latin virus (“virus”). From being a virus which can turn amoeba into stone-like cysts. From Medusa, the Greek mythological figure which could petrify people with a glance.

der

Here, we report the novel features of medusavirus, a large DNA virus newly isolated from hot spring water in Japan.

2019 February 6, Genki Yoshikawa et al., “Medusavirus, a Novel Large DNA Virus Discovered from Hot Spring Water”, in Journal of Virology, →DOI:

On the other hand, medusavirus-infected amoeba cells show moderately decreased cell motility later than those of mimivirus-infected cells and change the cells to a cyst-like formation.

2020 January 17, Sho Fukaya et al., “Kinetic Analysis of the Motility of Giant Virus-Infected Amoebae Using Phase-Contrast Microscopic Images”, in Frontiers in Microbiology, →DOI:

MGVL27, medusaviruses, sylvanviruses and MGVL24 represented the viral lineages with the highest genome novelty...

2020 January 22, Frederik Shulz et al., “Giant virus diversity and host interactions through global metagenomics”, in Nature, volume 578, →DOI, pages 432–436:

(virology) A giant virus infecting amoebae causing them to shrivel and harden.


cap stealing

Influenza viruses require host cell nuclear functions for at least two critical steps in their multiplication cycle: mRNA splicing and a unique process called cap stealing.

1996 August 15, Friedemann Weber et al., “Nucleoprotein viral RNA and mRNA of Thogoto virus: a novel "cap-stealing" mechanism in tick-borne orthomyxoviruses?”, in Journal of Virology, volume 70, number 12:


cap snatching

Influenza virus furnishes its mRNA with this structure by a cap-snatching mechanism, in which the viral polymerase cleaves host mRNA endonucleolytically 10–13 nucleotides from the 5′ end and utilizes the capped fragment as a primer to synthesize viral transcripts.

2011 October 25, Tsutomu Fujimura, Rosa Esteban, “Cap-snatching mechanism in yeast L-A double-stranded RNA virus”, in PNAS, volume 108, number 43, →DOI:

Influenza virus polymerase uses a capped primer, derived by "cap-snatching" from host pre-messenger RNA, to transcribe its RNA genome into mRNA and a stuttering mechanism to generate the poly(A) tail.

2014 November 19, Stefan Reich et al., “Structural insight into cap-snatching and RNA synthesis by influenza polymerase”, in Nature, volume 516, pages 361–366:

(virology) Removal of the start of a strand of host cell RNA to serve as the 5' cap of viral mRNA.


hemihomonym

Chaetopsis in Fungi is a hemihomonym of Chaetopsis in Insecta.

Hemihomonyms (same nomina which are used for taxa from different nomenclature jurisdictions) are an overlooked but genuine nuisance in biological nomenclature.

2013, Alexey Shipunov, “The problem of hemihomonyms and the on-line hemihomonyms database (HHDB)”, in Bionomina:

(taxonomy) A scientific name of an organism that is also used for a different taxon in a different kingdom subject to a different code of nomenclature.


aerotropic

From aero- + -tropic, see also aerotropism.

According to him, roots are positively aerotropic, a root executing a curvature tending to bring the apex in the direction of the highest oxygen concentration, while pollen tubes growing in water are in this sense negatively aerotropic.

1950, Walter Stiles, An Introduction to the Principles of Plant Physiology:

The branches of the main root tend to be aerotropic, whether they are in shallow water or mud or deeply submerged.

1894, American Microscopical Society, Proceedings of the American Microscopical Society:

The horizontal growth of the roots upon the water is an aerotropic movement determined by the high oxygen-content of the uppermost water-layer.

1921, Frederic Edward Clements, Aeration and Air-content: The Rôle of Oxygen in Root Activity:

The lower portion of this aerotropic root-branch bears numerous laterals which grow downward, in a positively geotropic direction.

1972, Excerpta botanica: Taxonomica et chorologica. Sectio A:

(biology) growing towards higher concentrations of oxygen


Ph chromosome

Philadelphia chromosome
Philadelphia chromosome#English


scabrule

Possibly a descendant of Latin scaber + -ule

Rare specimens will have one or more leaves covered adaxially with tiny scabrules, which provide a rough texture to the leaf.

2004, Arthur Haines et al., “Records for Carex rostrata (Cyperaceae) in New England”, in Rhodora, volume 106, number 927, →JSTOR:

(botany) Short, stiff projections or hairs which give a stem or leaf a rough texture, at least in one direction.


PTM

posttranslational modification
posttranslational modification#English

(biochemistry, genetics) Initialism of posttranslational modification.


rtPA

From r (“recombinant”) + tPA (“tissue plasminogen activator”).

af

tissue plasminogen activator
tissue plasminogen activator#English

(biochemistry, pharmacology) Initialism of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator.


MuSK

(biochemistry) Abbreviation of muscle-specific kinase.


MSSC

Groups of species usually share some diagnostic MSSC, hypopygial form, body habitus, colouration and/or habitat preferences.

1994 December 23, Daniel J. Bickel, “The Australian Sciapodinae”, in Records of the Australian Museum, Supplement, →DOI, page 16:

(zoology) Initialism of male secondary sexual character.


Malaise trapping

Particularly in poorly known groups like Australian acalyptrate flies in which most species are undescribed, Malaise trapping will help us determine what taxa are here now and to gather vouchers for future comparisons.

2020, Keith M Bayless, David K Yeates, “Australia Malaise trapping disaster update”, in Fly Times, volume 64:

(entomology) Collecting insects with a Malaise trap.


-phyllous

From Ancient Greek φύλλον (phúllon, “leaf”) and Latin Latin -ōsus.

(botany, of plants) Of having a specified number or kind of leaves.

(botany, of plants) Having a specified relationship to the leaves.


mobile genetic element

en-noun

mobile genetic element (plural mobile genetic elements)

(genetics) A kind of genetic material, found in all organisms, that can move around within a genome, or be transferred from one species or replicon to another.


microtaxonomy

(taxonomy) taxonomy of the smaller, more specific ranks


katepimeron

From kata-, variant of cata- + epimeron.

(entomology) The lower part of the epimeron.


SLAM trap

(entomology) Acronym of sea, land, and air Malaise trap


FER

(genetics) A gene responsible for encoding proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase FER.


(biochemistry, virology) Transmembrane protease, serine 2, an enzyme of unknown function that is exploited by coronaviruses in infecting humans.


Zot

zonula occludens
zonula occludens#English

Vibrio cholerae
Vibrio cholerae#Translingual

(biochemistry) Acronym of zonula occludens toxin, a secretion of Vibrio cholerae.


depletome

(biochemistry) All the proteins in an organism that have been depleted by immunoffinity.


ecodistance

(mathematics, ecology) The difference in value of two related ecological variables


lassomycin

(biochemistry) A cyclic peptide that has antibiotic activity


multifucosylation

(biochemistry) fucosylation at multiple sites


periphytivore

(biology) Any organism that eats periphyton


phoront

(biology) Any organism that attaches itself to another in order to travel.


phosphosynthetic

(biochemistry) Relating to the biosynthesis of phospholipids


raffinosaccharide

(biochemistry) Any saccharide (sugar) that has one or more raffinose moieties


superchaperone

(biochemistry) A complex of proteins that act as a chaperone


vibronectin

(biochemistry) A protein similar to vitronectin and fibronectin


WalK

(biochemistry) A particular histidine kinase


waldiomycin

(biochemistry) A WalK inhibitor present in some Streptomyces strains


vestibular system

vestibular system (plural vestibular systems)

(zoology, anatomy) The sensory system of vertebrates that provides the brain with information about motion, head position, spatial orientation, and sense of balance.


pseudospikelet

(botany) A synflorescence in bamboos, consisting of multiple spikelet-like structures that develop from buds.


dymantic

en-adj

dymantic (comparative more dymantic, superlative most dymantic)

more dymantic (comparative)
most dymantic (superlative)


Beccarian body

en-noun

Beccarian body (plural Beccarian bodies)

Named after Italian botanist Odoardo Beccari.

(biology) A lipid-rich food body found on the young leaves of trees of the genus Macaranga.


abreneurin

brain-derived neurotrophic factor
w:brain-derived neurotrophic factor

(biochemistry) Alternative form of brain-derived neurotrophic factor.


cluster of differentiation
cluster of differentiation#English

cellular receptor
cellular receptor#English

(biochemistry) Initialism of cluster of differentiation 147. A cellular receptor, associated with malaria, COVID-19, type-2 diabetes


EMMPRIN

(biochemistry) Acronym of extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer, a cellular receptor, associated with malaria, COVID-19, type-II diabetes.


basigin

(genetics) A gene that codes for the basigin (BSG) protein.

(biochemistry) A protein encoded by the basigin (BSG) gene.


definitive host

definitive host (plural definitive hosts)

Cats are the definitive host of Toxoplasma gondii.

They remain within the intermediate host until it is eaten by the definitive host.

2002, Jack Chernin, Parasitology, →ISBN, page 14:

(ecology) The host in which a parasite reproduces sexually.


platanthera

(botany) Any of the Platanthera genus of fringed orchids.


nesidioblast

(biology) A kind of cell that is a precursor to the islet cells of the pancreas.


second wave

Earlier this afternoon, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Director Robert Redfield stated that a second wave of the coronavirus would be even “more difficult” than the original.

2020 April 21, Sai Balasubramanian, “A Second Wave Of Coronavirus Is Likely Inevitable”, in Forbes:

A second wave of Covid-19 now seems to be a racing certainty. And a gathering avalanche of numbers attests to an economic disaster that is probably already upon us.

2020 July 19, John Harris, “Now Britain stands at the crossroads. Will we choose dread or hope?”, in The Guardian:

(virology) A phenomenon that can develop during a pandemic where after a group recovers and infections appear to decrease, another group becomes infected and causes a recurrence in cases.


magnolioid

If treated as a magnolioid it seems to be the only genus with cruciferous stomata, the anthers are neither adnate nor extrorse, the ovary syncarpous, unilocular, and with a long style, the ovules are orthotropous with cellular endosperm, […]

1970, Australian Journal of Botany, page 411:

Each follicle is provided with major vascular bundles, two ventral and one dorsal as in conduplicate carpels of other magnolioids.

1993, Wilson Nichols Stewart, Paleobotany and the Evolution of Plants, page 468:

(botany) A member of the botanical family Magnoliaceae for which the genus Magnolia is representative


mechanicoreceptor

(biology) A receptor that is triggered by mechanical force.


teuthology

From Ancient Greek τευθίς (teuthís, “squid”) + -λογία (-logía, “-logy”).

The region concerned is faunally a very rich one, but as its teuthology has been hitherto practically unknown, the fact that a number of its most common and characteristic species are undescribed need be in no way surprising.

1909, Pamphlets on Biology: Kofoid collection, Volume 2639, page 89:

Students of Teuthology today are fortunate to have a wealth of excellent references published in the past decade.

1992, Journal of the Malacological Society of Australia, volumes 13-14, Malacological Society of Australia, page 72:

(malacology) The branch of malacology dealing with cephalopods.

teuthologie

Branch of zoology dealing with cephalopods


paleophobia

The neophilia of thiamine-deficient rats could be a direct consequence of a specific aversion for familiar deficient diet (paleophobia). On the other hand, it is also possible that a true neophilia exists along with the paleophobia.

1967, Paul Rozin, “Specific aversions as a component of specific hungers”, in Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, volume 64, number 2, →DOI, page 242:

(biology) The aversion to certain foods forming part of a diet associated with an earlier nutritional deficiency or other illness.


twitchable

en-adj

twitchable (comparative more twitchable, superlative most twitchable)

more twitchable (comparative)
most twitchable (superlative)

(birdwatching, of a bird) Able to be visited and viewed by birders.


macrotrichium

macro- + Ancient Greek θρίξ (thríx, “hair”) + -ium

(entomology) An innervated hair on the integument or wing membrane of an insect.


corpotentorium

com

Latin <i class="Latn mention" lang="la">corpus</i>

The large bar extending cephalad from each end of the corpotentorium to a pretentorina is a pretentorium.

1923, Alexander Dyer MacGillivray, External Insect-anatomy:

In more primitive insects a median plate called the corpotentorium is sometimes formed between the two sides of the tentorium, but this plate is poorly developed or absent in Diptera.

1981, Manual of Nearctic Diptera, volume 1, →ISBN, page 12:

(entomology) A median ventral plate of the tentorium of some insects.


circumfilum

That circumfilum is bandlike on the first five flagellomeres but absent beyond.

1993 June, Raymond J. Gagné, Fred D. Bennett, “Two New Species of Lestodiplosini (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) Preying on Homoptera and Thysanoptera in Southern Florida”, in The Florida Entomologist, volume 76, number 2, →JSTOR, pages 341–348:

(entomology) A thread-like sensory organ found on nodes of the antennae of some midges in family Cecidomyiidae.


NETosis

en-noun

NETosis (countable and uncountable, plural NEToses)

From NET (“neutrophil extracellular trap”) + -osis.

suffix

neutrophil extracellular trap
neutrophil extracellular trap#English

(biology) A death process for neutrophil cells, whereby the neutrophils expel their chromatin to form a neutrophil extracellular trap (“NET”), a net-like structure to capture invader chemicals and bodies, and cause clotting to block off a region of the body.


NET

(biology) Acronym of neutrophil extracellular trap.


synecthran

From syn- (compare symbiosis) + Ancient Greek ἐχθρός (ekhthrós) + -an.

(zoology) An organism that lives in the home of another organism in order to exploit it, and is treated with hostility or indifference.


opsonoid

(biology, obsolete) A supposed substance formed when opsonin combines with bacteria and undergoes heating, preventing further opsonization.


brunnera

(botany) Any of the genus Brunnera of boraginaceous flowering plants.


pro-oocyte

In D. melanogaster, the nuclei of pro-oocytes and young oocytes are unsuitable for detailed cytological study at the light microscope level because of their small size.

1970 February 28, Robert C. King, “The Meiotic Behavior of the Drosophila Ooctye”, in International Review of Cytology, volume 28, page 129:

Two of the sixteen germline cells in each egg chamber develop as pro-oocytes, and the first asymmetry arises when one of these cells is selected to become the oocyte.

1997, Acaimo González-Reyes et al., “Oocyte determination and the origin of polarity in Drosophila: the role of the spindle genes”, in Development, volume 124, pages 4927–4937:

(cytology) An undifferentiated germline cell with the potential to become an oocyte.


noeud vital

(botany, obsolete) The junction between root and stem of a plant.


LACC

low affinity Ca2+ channel
low affinity Ca2+ channel#English

(biochemistry) Abbreviation of low affinity Ca2+ channel.


grip off

en-verb

grip off (third-person singular simple present grips off, present participle gripping off, simple past and past participle gripped off)

grips off (present singular third-person)
gripping off (participle present)
gripped off (participle past)
gripped off (past)

(birdwatching, transitive) To tease or taunt another birdwatcher about a bird you have seen but they missed out on.


pisciphagous

(rare, biology) Feeding on fish; piscivorous.


cactophile

Other insects are cactophiles, including Homoptera such as the cactus dodger (Cacama valvata) […]

1985, Hot Deserts and Arid Shrublands, Part 1, page 163:

Phyllostomus discolor is an opportunistic cactophile that occasionally visits flowering columnar cacti in the Venezuelan Andes (Sosa and Soriano, 1996) .

2002, Nancy B. Simmons, “Phylogeny and Convergence in Cactophilic Bats”, in Theodore H. Fleming, Alfonso Valiente-Banuet, editors, Columnar Cacti and Their Mutualists: Evolution, Ecology, and Conservation, page 89:

Although not all cactophiles live in deserts, they and their host plants tend to inhabit dry regions.

2003, Journal of Experimental Biology, volume 206, number 7, page 1185:

(biology) An animal which lives in or feeds on cacti.


ciliatology

(biology) The scientific study of ciliates (protozoa of the phylum Ciliophora).


premental

(anatomy, zoology) In front of the mentum.


anepimeron

en-noun

anepimeron (usually uncountable, plural anepimera)

(entomology) The upper part of the epimeron.


anepisternum

(entomology) The uppser part of the episternum of an insect.


pteropleural

(entomology) Related to the pteropleuron.


pteropleural

(entomology) Ellipsis of pteropleural bristle, a bristle arising from the pteropleuron.


bacteriography

From bacterio- + -graphy. From forming pictures out of bacteria. Coined by Zachary Copfer, who invented the process.

(art, photography, microbiology) The art of creating pictures by growing bacteria and using a light mask to selectively sterilize regions.


bacteriograph

From bacterio- + -graph. From forming pictures out of bacteria. Coined by Zachary Copfer, who invented it.

(art, photography, microbiology) A picture created by growing bacteria and using a light mask to selectively sterilize regions.


bacteriogram

(microbiology) A test of how well bacteria grows in certain conditions

(medicine, microbiology) Synonym of antibiogram.

(art, photography, microbiology) An image formed by growing bacteria on a previously used photographic substrate


toothcombed

(zoology) Having a toothcomb (“a comb-like dental structure found in certain primates”).


arginolytic

(biochemistry) That breaks down arginine, typically by removal of an amino group


dehydrolase

(biochemistry) Synonym of dehydroxylase.


cholinesterasic

(biochemistry) Of or relating to cholinesterases.


extremophyte

(biology) Any extremophilic plant or alga


fructansucrase

(biochemistry) Any sucrase that produces a fructan


glucansucrase

(biochemistry) Any sucrase that produces a glucan


helveticin

(biochemistry) Any of a particular class of bacteriocins


heterotetraploid

(genetics, of a chromosome) tetraploid but whose strands are not all the same


hydroecoregion

(ecology) An ecoregion composed of water (typically a river or lake)


pentaspanin

(biochemistry) A protein associated with integrin


retrobiosynthetic

(biochemistry) Relating to retrobiosynthesis


monostelic

(botany) Exhibiting monostely; being a monostele.


polystelic

(botany) Exhibiting polystely; being a polystele.


polystely

(botany) The property of being polystelic.


monostely

(botany) The property of being monostelic.


distely

(botany) The property of being distelic.


polystele

In a stele prior to the breaking up into a polystele, phloem strand becomes “U”-shaped.

1960, Proceedings of the National Institute of Sciences of India, page 89:

(botany) a segment of plant stem which is characterised by possession of more than a single stele.


astelic

We see, therefore, that the plants in this Order, although generally astelic, sometimes aggregate all the vascular bundles present in certain of their members into so many steles […]

1901, Transactions of the Linnean Society of London: Botany. 2d Series, page 298:

The astelic type of Van Tieghem does not result from the separation of the constituent epicotyledonary stele into its constituent bundles, for in the young so-called astelic axis there are no bundles present at all, but a collateral stelar tube […]

1999, R. J. Harvey Gibson, Outlines Of Botany, page 181:


meristele

The origin and course of the two meristeles will be traced in the following paragraphs. Other meristeles are seen scattered round the stele, some of comparable dimensions to those already indicated, others smaller, […]

1901, Botanical Pamplets, volume 45, page 49:

(botany) Each of the apparently isolated units of a dictyostele.


flammulation

flammulation (countable and uncountable, plural flammulations)


tetragyny

(botany) The condition of being tetragynous


tetrandry

(botany) The condition of being tetrandrous


modern synthesis

Coined by British evolutionary biologist, philosopher, author Julian Huxley in 1942, in his book Evolution: The Modern Synthesis.

coin

The core of the Modern Synthesis was to suggest that these observable processes, controlled by genes, explain the principles of variation and selection as laid out by Darwin: genetics underpin the mutability of species, and it is the nuts and bolts of descent with modification.

2018, Julia D. Sigwart, What Species Mean: A User's Guide to the Units of Biodiversity, CRC Press, →ISBN:

In other words, the Modern Synthesis simply abstracts away from the role of phenotypic variation. It explains evolutionary change solely in terms of genetic variation.

2020, Martin Hähnel, editor, Aristotelian Naturalism: A Research Companion, Springer Nature, →ISBN, page 336:

(biology, sometimes capitalized) The mathematical framework unifying Darwinian evolution and Mendelian heredity into a coherent theory.

Evolution: The Modern Synthesis
Modern synthesis (20th century)


kin selection

Coined by John Maynard Smith in 1964 in a Nature paper titled "Group Selection and Kin Selection".

(biology) An evolutionary strategy that favors an individual organism's close kin over itself.


channelome

(physiology, biochemistry) The complete set of ion channels expressed in a cell, tissue, or organism.


deglycase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that hydrolyses a glycated protein


morphostage

(biology) Any distinct stage in the metamorphosis of an insect


attritional mortality

(archaeology, paleontology) The process by which individuals in a population die off one by one from a variety of causes (rather than in large numbers as part of a single event).


catastrophic mortality

(archaeology, paleontology) The process by which individuals in a population die off in large numbers as part of a single event (rather than one by one, from a variety of causes).


alkali cellulose

(biochemistry) A compound of cellulose and sodium hydroxide formed during the manufacture of viscose


beta globulin

(biochemistry) Any of a particular group of globular proteins


cytophysics

(biology, physics) The physics of biological cells


anorectin

* Appears in "Effects on Feeding Behavior of Rats of a Cryptic Peptide from the C-Terminal End of Prepro-Growth Hormone-Releasing Factor" K. ARASE, T. SAKAGUCHI, M. TAKAHASHI, G. A. BRAY, N. LING
Endocrinology, Volume 121, Issue 6, 1 December 1987, Pages 1960–1965, https://doi.org/10.1210/endo-121-6-1960

(biochemistry) A peptide that reduces eating in mammals. The sequence of amino acids is Pyr-Val-Asp-Ser-Met-Trp-Ala-Glu-Gln-Lys-Gln-Met-Glu-Leu-Glu-Ser-Ile-Leu-Val-Ala-Leu-Leu-Gln-Lys-His-Ser-Arg-Asn-Ser-Gln-NH2


subtornal

en-adj

subtornal (comparative more subtornal, superlative most subtornal)

more subtornal (comparative)
most subtornal (superlative)

(entomology) Located below the tornus of the wing.


anal vein

(entomology) A vein running along the dorsum of the wing.


lipoprivation

(biology) Reduction in lipid availability for cells


antiretrovirus

(virology, pharmacology) Countering retroviruses; antiretroviral.


host cell

Host cells are forced to produce thousands of copies of the original virus.

(biology) A living cell which harbours an infectious agent (such as a virus or bacterium).


aleurioconidium

From Aleurisma (obsolete genus name) + conidium.

(biology) A thallic conidium formed by the breakdown of the supporting cell


aleurioconidiophore

(biology) A conidiophore that produces aleurioconidia


glycogenase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of glycogen


coccicidal

(bacteriology) That kills cocci (spherical bacteria).


coccicide

(bacteriology) Any substance that kills cocci (spherical bacteria).


epicotyledonary

Seedling showing median length for hypocotyl and long epicotyledonary stem without leaf rudiments […]

1904, Ceylon Journal of Science: Botany, volume 2, page 209:

The fractures in the epicotyledonary region differ somewhat in general appearance, but all produce the same result — the plumule fails to develop and finally becomes detached from the rest of the epicotyl.

1930, Journal of Agricultural Research, page 379:

A day later epicotyledonary meristem or shoot apex is initiated […]

1976, The Journal of the Indian Botanical Society, page 10:


non-breeding

(zoology) Occurring outside of the breeding season; relating to any time of the year in which breeding does not take place.


lipoplast

(botany) A small structure in seeds in which fat is stored


lankesterellid

(zoology) Any member of the Lankesterellidae.


important bird area

en-noun

important bird area (plural important bird areas)

(ornithology, conservation) An area recognised as requiring conservation and management due to its importance for the survival of bird species that are vulnerable to global extinction.


pithecology

From Ancient Greek πίθηκος (píthēkos, “ape”) + -ology.

(zoology, rare) The scientific study of apes.


glucosylcerebrosidase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that removes the glucosyl part of a cerebroside


corecruitment

(biochemistry) The recruiting of two or more proteins at the same time.


gapeline

(ornithology) The outer edge of a bird's gape, especially when enlarged in a chick or immature bird.


endosteric

en-adj

endosteric (comparative more endosteric, superlative most endosteric)

more endosteric (comparative)
most endosteric (superlative)

(biochemistry, of an enzyme or molecule) That binds a compound on an inside position or active site


exo-steric

exo-steric (comparative more exo-steric, superlative most exo-steric)

more exo-steric (comparative)
most exo-steric (superlative)

(biochemistry, of an enzyme or molecule) That binds a compound on an outside position.


ecocapitalism

For some, ecocapitalism is inherently a contradiction in terms. […] However, for free market enthusiasts, capitalism would remain largely unchanged in ecocapitalism.

2011, “Ecocapitalism”, in Dustin Mulvaney, editor, Green Politics: An A-to-Z Guide, SAGE, →ISBN, page 111:

He’s recently been hanging out with renowned investor Warren Buffet’s son, Howard, on a combine harvester in Iowa. (“A great guy. He really gets soil!”) This won’t do much to calm the greens who accuse him of a brand of eco-capitalism.

2014 August 20, Lucy Siegle, “Patrick Holden: 'People’s image of farming is a complete fantasy'”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:

(politics, ecology) The philosophy that market-based methods can solve environmental and ecological problems, through government policy.


coeloid

(zoology) A member of the Coleoidea subclass which includes octopuses and squid.


proteoanabolic

(biochemistry) Relating to the biosynthesis of protein


forcepstail

(zoology) A member of Diplura (two-pronged bristletails) in the families Evalljapygidae, Parajapygidae, and especially Japygidae.

(zoology) A member of dragonflies in the genera Phyllocycla (lesser forcepstails) and Aphylla (greater forcepgenus|stails).


doubletime

Drosophila melanogaster
Drosophila melanogaster#Translingual

(zoology, molecular biology) A gene in Drosophila melanogaster that produces the DBT protein kinase, used to control circadian rhythm.

dbtS a mutant allele that shortens the circadian rhythm

dbtL a mutant allele that lengthens the circadian rhythm

dbtP a mutant allele that eliminates the circadian rhythm and kills the larva


CRH

en-noun

CRH (countable and uncountable, plural CRHs)

corticotropin-releasing hormone
corticotropin-releasing hormone#English

(biochemistry) Initialism of corticotropin-releasing hormone.


CRHergic

(biochemistry) Produced or activated by CRH (corticotropin-releasing hormone).


ATPergic

adenosine triphosphate
adenosine triphosphate

(biochemistry) Produced or activated by ATP (adenosine triphosphate).


flag leaf

(agricultural, cereals, botany) The last leaf to emerge in a cereal plant during its growth; the flag leaf provides majority of the leaf area of the plant and is used as one indicator of its growth stage.

agricultural; cereals; agricultural; cereals

Cereal growth staging scales on Wikipedia..


osteocrin

(biochemistry) A peptide that contributes to osteogenesis and chondrogenesis in some fish


rhizocompartment

(biology) Either of the environments occupied by plant roots: rhizoplane, rhizosphere and the surrounding soil.


thymopolypeptide

(biochemistry) Any of a range of polypeptide hormones secreted by the thymus


SPEC

(conservation) Initialism of Species of European Conservation Concern.


trimethyllysine

(biochemistry) A trimethyl derivative of lysine produced by posttranslational methylation, typically of histone


achatin

(biochemistry) A neuroexcitatory peptide, from a snail of the genus Achatina, that enhances the amplitude and frequency of the heartbeat.


anatelophase

anatelophase (countable and uncountable, plural anatelophases)

(cytology) A combination of anaphase and telophase


anomerase

(biochemistry) An enzyme that catalyses the formation of anomers


antheridiophore

(biology) A gametophore that bears antheridia (typically in a moss or liverwort)


antisynapsin

(biochemistry) That disrupts the action of synapsins


autoreception

(biochemistry, medicine) The action of an autoreceptor


bindosome

(biology) A component of the cell membrane of certain bacteria that bind sugars to proteins


carboxydase

(biochemistry) Synonym of carboxypeptidase.


chemoaversion

(biology) movement away from a chemical stimulus


chemoinhibition

(biochemistry) inhibition of a biochemical process


chemomarker

(biochemistry) A compound that is only present in the presence of a particular species


chemotransduction

(biochemistry) chemical transduction (of energy)


conchocelis

(biology) A haploid form of Porphyra that develops into a gametophyte


cytosorting

(cytology) The sorting of individual cells


demalonylate

en-verb

demalonylate (third-person singular simple present demalonylates, present participle demalonylating, simple past and past participle demalonylated)

demalonylates (present singular third-person)
demalonylating (participle present)
demalonylated (participle past)
demalonylated (past)

(biochemistry) To remove a malonyl group


deoxyceramide

(biochemistry) A derivative of a ceramide containing deoxysphingosine


epiascidiate

(botany, of a leaf) in the form of a tube


exomere

(biology) Any of a group of nanoparticles, in exosomes, of no obvious function


gametangiophore

(botany) An extended thallus, in liverworts, that bears the gametes


gastruloid

(biology) An aggregate of embryonic stem cells


heptapseudopeptide

(biochemistry) A pseudopeptide composed of seven units


intronize

intronize (third-person singular simple present intronizes, present participle intronizing, simple past and past participle intronized)

intronizes (present singular third-person)
intronizing (participle present)
intronized (participle past)
intronized (past)


isodecoder

(biochemistry) Either of a pair of transfer RNA molecules that share the same anticodon


merophyte

(botany) Any of a group of cells, typically in a leaf or stem, produced from the same initial cell


metaorganism

(biology) Any multicellular organism together with the microbes etc that it hosts


midexponential

(biology) In the middle of an exponential growth phase


monophosphorylatable

(biochemistry) Capable of being monophosphorylated


naphthylalanine

(biochemistry) A naphthyl derivative of alanine


oligodinucleotide

(biochemistry) An oligomer composed of dinucleotide units


riboguanosine

(biochemistry) A nucleoside composed of ribose and guanosine


sulfotyrosinated

(biochemistry) Modified by the addition of sulfotyrosine


antiswitch

(biochemistry) An antisense form of a riboswitch.


biofitness

(biology) biological fitness; the ability to produce offspring


saccharopepsin

(biochemistry) A pepsin present in yeast


aminopropyltransferase

(biochemistry) A transferase that moves aminopropyl groups as part of the biosynthesis of polyamines


antitarget

(biochemistry) A receptor, enzyme, or other biological target that, when affected by a drug, causes undesirable side effects.


carbamylase

(biochemistry) Synonym of carbamoyltransferase; Synonym of transcarbamylase.


diglucosamine

(biochemistry) A disaccharide derivative of glucosamine


dulanermin

(medicine, biochemistry) A recombinant protein used to treat some cancers


dynacortin

Dictyostelium discoideum
Dictyostelium discoideum#Translingual

(biochemistry) an actin present in Dictyostelium discoideum


fibroactin

(biochemistry) A form of fibronectin related to an actin


hexaproline

(biochemistry) Six proline units in a peptide


methanopterin

(biochemistry) A coenzyme responsible for methanogenesis


etheostomine

(zoology) Belonging to the fish genus Etheostoma.


antiactivator

(biochemistry) That represses an activator


carbapenamase

(biochemistry) A β-lactamase that hydrolyses carbenicillin


eigentrait

(genetics, biology) A trait associated with the presence of an eigengene


enzymatics

(biochemistry) The study of the mode of action of enzymes


neolocalize

neolocalize (third-person singular simple present neolocalizes, present participle neolocalizing, simple past and past participle neolocalized)

neolocalizes (present singular third-person)
neolocalizing (participle present)
neolocalized (participle past)
neolocalized (past)

(genetics) To move a gene to a new location


neolocalized

(genetics, of a gene) Having a new location


apocalmodulin

(biochemistry) The apoprotein form of calmodulin that lacks a central calcium atom


apostructure

(biochemistry) The structure of the apoprotein form of a protein after its metal atom has been removed


autoexcision

(genetics) The removal of a gene from a copy of its own RNA.


chloroalanine

(biochemistry) A chlorinated derivative of alanine


concatesome

(genetics) The collection of concatenated genes of an organism


dihydroceramidase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of a dihydroceramide


fluorosequence

(biochemistry) A sequence of fluorophore-labelled amino acids in a protein


glycoinformatic

(biochemistry, computing) Relating to glycoinformatics


glycoinformatics

(biochemistry, computing) The bioinformatics of sugars


graviproprioceptive

(biology) Relating to graviproprioception


graviproprioception

(biology) proprioception via the sensing of the effects of gravity (weight) on body parts


gravisensing

(biology) The sensing of the effects of gravity on the body (typically of a plant)


gravisensitivity

(biology) sensitivity (typically of a plant) to the effects of gravity (weight of its parts)


homeothermotaxic

(biology) That maintains a constant bodily temperature


necrotaxis

(biology) chemotaxis towards necrotic cells


orthogravitropism

(botany) The normal tendency of a plants parts to bend downward under the effects of gravity


palmitoylome

(biochemistry) All the protein palmitoylations of an organism


panomics

(biology) All the biology studies such as genomics, proteomics etc. considered as a whole


pentaloop

(biochemistry) A loop of five nucleotides in a nucleic acid


retrophylogenomics

(genetics) phylogenomics based on the analysis of retroposons


tetraubiquitination

(biochemistry) The insertion of four ubiquitin moieties into a protein


allogenome

(genetics) The combined genome of two unrelated people (typically involved in a tissue graft)


allogenomic

(genetics) Relating to allogenomes or to allogenomics


glyconucleolipid

(biochemistry) A glycolipid form of a nucleolipid


nucleolipid

(biochemistry) A complex of lipid and nucleic acid


oxotype

(cytology) A type of cell that has a particular oxygen uptake rate


phototransduce

phototransduce (third-person singular simple present phototransduces, present participle phototransducing, simple past and past participle phototransduced)

phototransduces (present singular third-person)
phototransducing (participle present)
phototransduced (participle past)
phototransduced (past)


pseudomicrobial

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-pseudomicrobial.wav


sonogenetics

(biology, genetics) The use of ultrasound to control cells that have been genetically modified with ion channels sensitive to sound


subexon

(genetics) A part of an exon composed of one or more introns


theozyme

(computing, biochemistry) A theoretical enzyme constructed mathematically


viromics

(biology) The identification and study of viromes


pennatulaceous

(zoology) Belonging to the Pennatulacea.


porogamic

(botany) Exhibiting or relating to porogamy.


bioprotonics

(biology, physics) biological / biochemical protonics


biospherics

(biology, ecology) The study of biospheres


calpacitin

(biochemistry) Any of a class of proteins that bind to calmodulin


crenactin

(biochemistry) A filamentous protein, present in some crenarchaea, that is similar to an actin


eigengenome

(genetics) (mathematics) One of a set of left singular vectors of a sequences x genomes matrix that tabulates, e.g., the DNA copy numbers of the genomes across the sequences.


hypertranslocation

(genetics) translocation by means of RNA polymerase


microconnectome

(biology) All the microconnections in a brain


protobiotic

(biochemistry) That gave rise to early life


retrotranscriptome

(genetics) A complete set of retrotranscripts


retrotranscriptomic

(genetics) Relating to a retrotranscriptome


submegabase

(genetics) Composed of less than a million nucleotides


aromorphosis

From New Latin, from aro- (from Ancient Greek ᾰ̓́ρᾰ (ắră), ἄρ (ár) (“there and then, straightway”; also, interrogative and connective particle)) + morphosis.

(biology) The trend in evolution towards a greater amount of organization


osmotropotaxis

(biology) tropotaxis in an osmotic gradient


respirofermentation

(biochemistry) Simultaneous respiration and fermentation, typically in bacteria or yeasts


biocircuit

(biology) A biological circuit composed of neurons


cytomixis

From cyto- + Ancient Greek μίξις (míxis). Compare endomixis. Also mixis and -mictic.

(biology) The migration of a nucleus from one plant cell to another


hypertranscribe

hypertranscribe (third-person singular simple present hypertranscribes, present participle hypertranscribing, simple past and past participle hypertranscribed)

hypertranscribes (present singular third-person)
hypertranscribing (participle present)
hypertranscribed (participle past)
hypertranscribed (past)


karyoscope

(genetics) A device that images a stained chromosome in order to visualize gene copy number alterations


commic tern

Sterna hirundo
Sterna hirundo#Translingual

Sterna paradisaea
Sterna paradisaea#Translingual

(birdwatching) A tern that is either a common tern, Sterna hirundo, or an arctic tern, Sterna paradisaea.


mucocyst

(zoology) A cyst, in some protozoans, that discharges mucoid material


multisynthetase

(biochemistry) A complex of multiple synthetases


oligomerase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of an oligomer


parasome

(biology) A pore or sac in parasites of the genus Paramoeba


pyrotagged

(genetics) sequenced by means of pyrotagging


serinocyclin

(biochemistry) Any of a group of cyclic heptapeptides present in some fungi


solitarization

(biology) Conversion to a solitary lifestyle


transheteroallelic

(genetics) transheterozygous and heteroallelic


trimethylase

(biochemistry) An enzyme that catalyses a trimethylation (typically of a histone)


overdominantly

en-adv

overdominantly (comparative more overdominantly, superlative most overdominantly)

more overdominantly (comparative)
most overdominantly (superlative)


AGE

advanced glycation end-product
w:advanced glycation end-product

(biochemistry) Initialism of advanced glycation end-product.

agarose gel electrophoresis
w:agarose gel electrophoresis

(biochemistry) Initialism of agarose gel electrophoresis.


congressant

(cytology) A group of cells forming a single body


oosome

(biology) A mass of protoplasm at one end of an insect egg


polycysteine

(biochemistry) a homopolymer of the amino acid cysteine


protooncoprotein

(biochemistry) Any protein that is converted to an oncoprotein


stigmatophore

(botany) The structure that bears the stigmata


subtetraploid

(genetics) Having fewer than four chromosomes, typically as a result of apoptosis


uniallelic

(genetics) Having a single allele at a locus


antirecombinase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyses antirecombination


antirecombination

(biochemistry) The prevention of the recombination of nucleic acid strands


autodetoxication

(biochemistry) The removal of a toxin produced by the same organism


contrahelicase

(biochemistry) An enzyme that counters the action of a helicase


endosulfine

(biochemistry) A protein that mimics the action of sulfonylurea in the biosynthesis of insulin


hyperdormancy

(botany, of a seed) The condition of being hyperdormant.


ketothiolase

(biochemistry) A thiolase that (typically) acts on acetoacetate


lycotetraose

(biochemistry) A branched tetraose present in a tomato glycoalkaloid


pelagiphage

(biology) A bacteriophage of the open sea


phosphomodification

(biochemistry) modification, typically of a protein, by phosphorylation


remosome

(biology) A nucleosome associated with the remodelling of chromatin.


suboperon

(genetics) A constituent part of an operon


beiging

(zoology) The process of becoming beige or brown for fat cells.


complotype

(genetics) A genotype associated with the complement system


consubspecific

(taxonomy) relating to the same subspecies


dissolvase

(biochemistry) A helicase associated with chromosome dissolution


lactosylceramidase

(biochemistry) An enzyme that removes lactose from ceramide derivatives (lactocerebrosides)


merodiploidy

(genetics) The condition of being merodiploid


retrosome

(biology) An organelle containing retrotransposons


seminase

(biochemistry) A protease in the seminal fluid of some flies


spermatoproteasome

(biochemistry) A proteasome present in the testes of some rodents


L-DOPA

(biochemistry) Alternative form of ʟ-dopa.


autonecrosis

(biology) A form of cell necrosis related to apoptosis


axoplaxome

From axo- + Ancient Greek πλάξ (pláx, “flat”) + -some, analogously to acroplaxome, see there for more.

af

(biology) a cytoskeletal plate attached to an acrosome of spermatids


chromatidic

(genetics) Relating to, or composed of chromatids


dopaminotrophic

(biochemistry) That metabolises dopamine


endocleavage

(biochemistry) cleavage of a terminal section of nucleic acid


ergatandromorph

(biology) An andromorph ant that is also a worker


glutamation

en-noun

glutamation (usually uncountable, plural glutamations)

(organic chemistry, biochemistry) Reaction with, or metabolism of glutamate


mannanolytic

(biochemistry) That breaks up mannans, typically by hydrolysis


multineddylated

(biochemistry) neddylated in multiple positions


mutasome

(biochemistry) A collection of proteins responsible for hypermutation.


icosandrous

(botany) Having twenty or more stamens in each perigynous flower.


oxidoreductin

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyses an oxidoreduction (typically of disulphide bonds in proteins)


paratoside

(biochemistry) A derivative of ascaroside that contains the sugar paratose


locomobility

(biology) The ability to locomote, or move one's body from one place to another.


predivision

(biology) division of a chromosome prior to meiosis


realizator

(genetics) Any gene directly connected with a basic cellular function


dynamitin

(biochemistry) A protein also known as dynactin subunit 2 involved in cellular transport.


structurome

(biochemistry) All the various structures taken by nucleic acids in a cell


triplosensitive

(genetics) Relating to triplosensitivity


alloduplication

(genetics, rare) duplication of genetic material in allopolyploids


alloparasitism

(biology) parasitism involving alloparasites


archaeplastidan

(biology) Any autotrophic eukaryote of the kingdom Archaeplastida


chromoanagenesis

(genetics, biology) anagenesis as a result of chromoanasynthesis


chromoanasynthesis

(genetics) A large, chaotic rearrangement of the genes of a chromosome.


emericellamide

(biochemistry) A cyclic polypeptide present in fungi of the genus Emericella


endochitinolytic

(biochemistry) Relating to endochitinolysis


endochitinolysis

(biochemistry) chitinolysis at a terminal linkage


eocyte

(dated, biology) Any archaeon of the phylum Crenarchaeota


eoplast

(biology) Any of several specialised organelles in plants and some protists


dino-

From Ancient Greek δεινός (deinós, “terrible, awesome, mighty, fearfully great”).

der

dinosaur, dinoceratan, dinopid

(biology) Used for presumably fearfully large or dangerous animals or animal parts.


dino-

From Ancient Greek δίνη (dínē, “whirling, rotation”).


exophenotype

(biology) A phenotype that is based on external appearance or behaviour


fidgetin

(biochemistry) A protein that severs microtubules to aid recovery of damaged axons


hypernucleosome

(biology) A large nucleosome, typical of the archaea


iridogenic

(biology) That forms an iridoplast or lens


lipoamidase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of lipoylated proteins


lymphoprotein

(biochemistry) Any protein associated with the lymph system


magnetobacterial

(biology) Relating to the magnetotactic bacteria


megacircle

(biochemistry) An extrachromosomal circular nucleic acid fragment


multivulva

(biology) A phenotype of nematode characterised by multiple vulvas


neoenzyme

(biochemistry) A mutated form of an existing enzyme


oligoadenylase

(biochemistry) An enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of an oligoadenylate


perivulvar

(biology) Surrounding a vulva (of a nematode)


phosphoablative

(biochemistry) That removes (or deactivates) the phosphate groups of a phosphorylated protein


phosphoreceiver

(biochemistry) The part of a molecule (typically a protein) that receives a phosphoryl group from a phosphodonor


protoglomerular

(biology) Related to, or composed of protoglomeruli


retromobile

(genetics) mobile via retrotransposition


retromobility

(genetics) The condition of being retromobile


rubinylation

(biochemistry) Modification by reaction with an RUB protein


boreomontane

(ecology) Alternative form of boreo-montane.


boreo-montane

Conflicting mitochondrial and nuclear phylogeographic signals and evolution of host-plant shifts in the boreo-montane leaf beetle Chrysomela lapponica

2010, paper title in Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution volume 61https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2011.09.001

(ecology) Occupying both boreal and montane habitats.


snoribonucleoprotein

(biochemistry) small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein


symbiontid

(biology) Any protozoan of the subphylum Symbiontida


toposome

(biochemistry) A form of transferrin that lacks an iron atom


transjugation

(biology, genetics) The transfer of DNA by the physical contact of cells


transjugant

(biology, genetics) Relating to transjugation


underreplicate

en-verb

underreplicate (third-person singular simple present underreplicates, present participle underreplicating, simple past and past participle underreplicated)

underreplicates (present singular third-person)
underreplicating (participle present)
underreplicated (participle past)
underreplicated (past)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-underreplicate.wav

(biochemistry) To replicate insufficiently


cocoonase

(biochemistry) A proteolytic enzyme that weakens the fibres of a silkworm cocoon


cotranscriptionality

(biochemistry) The condition of being cotranscriptional


decocoon

decocoon (third-person singular simple present decocoons, present participle decocooning, simple past and past participle decocooned)

decocoons (present singular third-person)
decocooning (participle present)
decocooned (participle past)
decocooned (past)

(biology, of an insect) To break out of its cocoon.


dephosphorylase

(biochemistry) An enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of a sugar phosphate


extracentromeric

(biology, genetics) External to a centromere


gynohaploid

(genetics) haploid and having all genetic material passed from the female parent


haplolethal

(genetics, of a region of a chromosome) lethal if haploid


triplolethal

(genetics, of a region of a chromosome) lethal if triploid


haplolethality

(genetics) The condition of being haplolethal


holocentricity

(genetics) The condition of being holocentric


hyperadhesion

(biology) Greater than normal adhesion (typically between cells or their components)


hypermethylase

(biochemistry, genetics) An enzyme that catalyses hypermethylation


misdecode

misdecode (third-person singular simple present misdecodes, present participle misdecoding, simple past and past participle misdecoded)

misdecodes (present singular third-person)
misdecoding (participle present)
misdecoded (participle past)
misdecoded (past)

(especially genetics) To incorrectly decode


monoglutamylated

(biochemistry) Modified by reaction with a single glutamic acid component


paleotetraploidization

en-noun

paleotetraploidization (usually uncountable, plural paleotetraploidizations)

(genetics) Conversion to a paleotetraploid form


pathovariant

(pathology, biology) A pathological variant of an organism


photoneutral

(biology, physics) Unaffected by the action of light


phylostratification

(genetics, taxonomy) stratification by species


pseudogenize

en-verb

pseudogenize (third-person singular simple present pseudogenizes, present participle pseudogenizing, simple past and past participle pseudogenized)

pseudogenizes (present singular third-person)
pseudogenizing (participle present)
pseudogenized (participle past)
pseudogenized (past)

(genetics) To convert a gene into a pseudogene


retroregulation

en-noun

retroregulation (usually uncountable, plural retroregulations)

(genetics) regulation of mRNA translation by a sequence that is downstream


retroregulate

en-verb

retroregulate (third-person singular simple present retroregulates, present participle retroregulating, simple past and past participle retroregulated)

retroregulates (present singular third-person)
retroregulating (participle present)
retroregulated (participle past)
retroregulated (past)

(genetics) To regulate by means of retroregulation


transporterome

(biochemistry) All the transporters of an organism


underhydroxylated

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-underhydroxylated.wav


underhydroxylation

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-underhydroxylation.wav

(biochemistry) Insufficient hydroxylation (typically of collagen)


vermimetry

(biology) The measurement and analysis of worms


aldonolactonase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that hydrolyses an aldonolactone


carbenicillinase

(biochemistry) A penicillinase active against carbenicillin


dopaminylation

en-noun

dopaminylation (usually uncountable, plural dopaminylations)

(biochemistry) Modification by reaction with dopamine


epiproteome

(biochemistry) A proteome of proteins that have been subject to one or multiple post-translational modifications


epiproteomic

(biochemistry) Relating to epiproteomes or to epiproteomics


histaminylation

(biochemistry) Modification by reaction with histamine


macrogametogenesis

(botany) The gametogenesis of macrogametes


aminylation

aminylation (usually uncountable, plural aminylations)

(biochemistry) Modification (typically of a protein by reaction with an amine (typically an amino acid)


monoaminylation

(biochemistry) aminylation with a single amino acid


TGF

(biochemistry) Initialism of transforming growth factor.


norepinephrinylation

(biochemistry) aminylation with norepinephrine


pseudocopy

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-pseudocopy.wav

This could reflect the presence of only one bona fide copy of the element and one pseudocopy, assuming that the latter is mutated to an extent preventing adequate primer binding but allowing detection by hybridization.

1994, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, page 2822:

In order to make even a pseudocopy of a gene, a dozen sophisticated proteins are required: to pry apart the two DNA strands, to align the copying machinery at the right place, to stitch the nucleotides together into a string, to insert the pseudocopy back into the DNA, and much more.

2001, Michael J. Behe, Darwin's Black Box: The Biochemical Challenge to Evolution:

The disrupted pseudogene is in the mouse a pseudocopy of a gene of unknown function, called makorin 1.

2017, Hani K. Rizk, Evolution Oriented Genome Personalised: The Big Bang and its Output, page 258:

(genetics) An imperfect (mutated or incomplete) copy of a gene that is inserted into another segment of the DNA or RNA.


athrocyte

From Ancient Greek ἀθροίζω (athroízō, “gather”) + -cyte.

af

(biology) A cell that ingests foreign particles


chromoductant

(biology) An organelle that transports chromosomes


chromoduction

(biology) The transport of chromosomes, typically between cells


dentatorubropallidoluysian

(biology) dentatorubral and pallidoluysian


eigenpeptide

To identify modules that are significantly associated with the biofuels treated traits, 16 eigenpeptides of modules were correlated with external traits.

2017, Proteomics in Biology, Part A, page 146:

(biochemistry) Any of the resultant eigenvectors produced by a principle component analysis of peptide data.


macoilin

en-noun

macoilin (countable and uncountable, plural macoilins)

(biochemistry) A transmembrane protein that regulates neuronal excitability


plasmiduction

Cytoduction, and a related technique referred to as plasmiduction, have facilitated substantial advancements in the field of yeast prion biology by providing a streamlined method of transferring prions from one yeast strain to another.

2021, JE Dorweiler, “Cytoduction and Plasmiduction in Yeast”, in Bio Protocol:


plasmiductant

Replica plate onto SD + leu to score diploid formation and onto SC – ura + cycloheximide to select for plasmiductants.

1994, Chris Kaiser, Susan Michaelis, Aaron Mitchell, Methods in Yeast Genetics, page 98:

The papillae were then replica-plated to SD+Ade+Cyh plates to identify plasmiductants that had become Ura-.

1994 January, G Natsoulis, F Winston, JD Boeke, “The SPT10 and SPT21 genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae”, in Genetics, volume 136, number 1:

Plasmiductants were recovered by replica plating the mating cells to YNB plates containing adenine, leucine, tryptophan, canavanine, cycloheximide.

1995, The Journal of Cell Biology - Volume 130, Issues 5-6, page 1290:

(biology) A cell formed by plasmiduction


pseudohitchhiking

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-pseudohitchhiking.wav

(genetics) A form of hitchhiking caused by genetic drift at a nearby locus.


pseudoreversion

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-pseudoreversion.wav

(genetics) The reversion of a mutation in which the products are different from the originals


pseudorevertant

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-pseudorevertant.wav

(genetics) That has undergone pseudoreversion


transplice

en-verb

transplice (third-person singular simple present transplices, present participle transplicing, simple past and past participle transpliced)

transplices (present singular third-person)
transplicing (participle present)
transpliced (participle past)
transpliced (past)
transsplice (alternative)


cytolocation

(genetics) cytogenetic location (of a gene on a chromosome)


deletogenic

(genetics) That causes a deletion (of a gene)


demultiplication

(genetics) The reversal of a previous multiplication (of genes)


ethanologenesis

(biochemistry) The production of ethanol, typically by a bacterium or yeast


hypomutator

(genetics) Any agent that causes hypomutation


phosphoreceptor

(biochemistry) A receptor for phosphorylated species


pseudocompensatory

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-pseudocompensatory.wav


sarcomerization

(biology) The formation and development of sarcomeres


sesquimutant

(genetics) A mutant that contains one and a half times the amount of an original characteristic


cytoophidium

From cyto- + ophi- (variant of ophio- "snake") + -idium.

af

variant of <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">ophio-</i> "snake"

(biology) A filamentous intracellular compartment in some organisms


dimethylase

(biochemistry) An enzyme that catalyses a dimethylation


glycanhydrolase

(biochemistry) Alternative form of glycanohydrolase.


levitide

(biochemistry) An antimicrobial oligopeptide present in the skin of some amphibians


megaplaque

(biology) A large plaque (clearing in a bacterial lawn)


mistranslational

(especially genetics) Relating to mistranslation


monopolin

(biochemistry) A complex of proteins involved in meiosis


oligorepeat

(genetics) A section of several repeats in a chromosome


precatenation

(genetics) catenation prior to replication


supernucleosomal

(genetics) Relating to multiple nucleosomes


superwobble

(genetics) An extended wobble that relies on codon synonyms


tetratype

(genetics) A tetrad of two parental and two recombinant genotypes


aviphilic

en-adj

aviphilic (comparative more aviphilic, superlative most aviphilic)

more aviphilic (comparative)
most aviphilic (superlative)

(biology) Of an insect, virus, etc., utilising birds.


antideterminant

(genetics) Something that prevents a nuclease from cutting at a specified point


dephosphocoenzyme

(biochemistry) A dephosphorylated coenzyme


haploidify

en-verb

haploidify (third-person singular simple present haploidifies, present participle haploidifying, simple past and past participle haploidified)

haploidifies (present singular third-person)
haploidifying (participle present)
haploidified (participle past)
haploidified (past)


myoglianin

(biochemistry) A protein expressed in the muscles and glia of some flies


phenocopier

(genetics) A mutation that creates a phenocopy


phosphocluster

(cytology, biochemistry) A cluster of cells associated with phosphorylation


phosphosilent

(biochemistry) Describing a mutation that disrupts phosphorylation


polyuridylylated

(biochemistry) uridylylated via polyuridylylation


polyuridylylation

(biochemistry) uridylylation at many sites


pseudocolonial

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-pseudocolonial.wav


retrotransport

(biochemistry) transport in an opposite direction


retrotransport

retrotransport (third-person singular simple present retrotransports, present participle retrotransporting, simple past and past participle retrotransported)

retrotransports (present singular third-person)
retrotransporting (participle present)
retrotransported (participle past)
retrotransported (past)

(biochemistry) To transport in an opposite direction


retrotransported

(biochemistry) transported in an opposite direction


Mrs Gren

(biology, mnemonic) The necessary features of living organisms: movement, respiration, sensitivity, growth, reproduction, excretion and nutrition


submendelian

(biology) At a rate/ratio less than that of Mendelian reproduction


embryostasis

(biology) The (usually temporary) cessation of the production of eggs in some insects


maltohexose

(biochemistry) Alternative form of maltohexaose.


oligochromatography

(biochemistry) chromatography of oligonucleotides


canrenoic acid

From c(yclopentanophen)an(th)rene + -oic acid.


neotypic

(taxonomy) Relating to a neotype; neotypal.


autodiploidization

(genetics) The process of becoming autodiploid


bioconnectivity

(biology, ecology) connectivity between ecosystems


endopeptidolytic

(biochemistry) Relating to the cleavage of endopeptides

(biochemistry) Relating to the cleavage of peptides at a terminal position


active photolocation

(ichthyology) The use of light originating from the organism to illuminate the visual field in order to see into the field of vision.


photolocation

en-noun

photolocation (countable and uncountable, plural photolocations)

(ichthyology) The ability to use light to locate objects in the environment.


hemigenome

(genetics) The partial genome inherited from either parent


hemoperoxidase

(biochemistry) A peroxidase present in blood


hyperconservation

(genetics) Conservation of a trait through many generations.


passeridan

(ornithology) Of or relating to the Passerida.


mammalophagic

(biology) That feeds on (the blood of) mammals


microplusin

microplusin (countable and uncountable, plural microplusins)

(biochemistry) An antimicrobial peptide present in the tick Rhipicephalus microplus.


mycolipid

(biochemistry) Any lipid that has at least one mycolic acid as a fatty acid component


preglycosomal

(biology) Prior to the development of a glycosome


thioenzyme

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that acts on a thiol group, typically of an amino acid such as cysteine


vasopeptide

(biochemistry) Any peptide associated with the vascular system


xenosurveillance

(biology) Examination of samples of one species in order to detect the activity of others (typically pathogens).


synzootic

(biology) Having an animal parasite that is not causing any symptoms


filicology

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-filicology.wav

From Latin filic- (stem of filix (“fern”)) + English -ology (a variant of -logy (suffix denoting the study of a particular subject)). Filix is probably derived from Proto-Indo-European *bʰel- (“henbane”) + Latin -ix (a variant of -ex (suffix found in plant names such as cārex (“sedge”) and rumex (“sorrel”))).

der

stem of <i class="Latn mention" lang="la">filix</i> (“fern”)

affix

a variant of <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">-logy</i> (suffix denoting the study of a particular subject)

‡ Filicology.—That part of Botany which treats of Ferns.

[1847, John Lindley, “A Glossary of the Principal English, Latin, and Latinized Technical Terms Employed in Botany”, in The Elements of Botany, Structural and Physiological; […], London: Bradbury & Evans, […], →OCLC, page xxxix, column 2:

I think the same plan might be pursued in general Botany, with a good effect; but it is of far greater importance in Filicology, as so many of this class of plants may be recognized by their external form alone.

1853 June 10 (date delivered), J. R. Kinahan, “[On the Classification and Nomenclature of Ferns]”, in Edward Newman, editor, The Phytologist: A Popular Botanical Miscellany, volume IV, London: John Van Voorst, […], published 1853, →OCLC, page 1037:

The mode of ramification of the veins or nerves of the leaves is important in systematic Filicology, and may be observed for such purposes by immersing the dried leaflets in turpentine or oil, or mounting them in Canada balsam.

1856, J[ohn] W[illiam] Griffith, Arthur Henfrey, “FERNS”, in The Micrographic Dictionary; a Guide to the Examination and Investigation of the Structure and Nature of Microscopic Objects, London: John Van Voorst, […], →OCLC, page 260, column 1:

In the succeeding three years, [Howard] Palmer kept at it, generally in company with two vigorous companions, Edward Willett Dorland Holway, […] and Frederick King Butters, a younger associate in filicology at the same school [the University of Minnesota].

2002, William Lowell Putnam [III], “Later and Farther North”, in Charles Ernest Fay [et al.], A Century of American Alpinism, Boulder, Colo.: The American Alpine Club, →OCLC, page 26:

(botany, rare) The botanical study of ferns.


chronodisruptive

(biology) That leads to chronodisruption


ecobiological

(ecology, biology) ecological and biological


proluciferin

(biochemistry) That promotes the formation of luciferin


rhizopepsin

Rosa chinensis
Rosa chinensis#Translingual

(biochemistry) A proteinase present in Rosa chinensis


endocrinometabolic

(biochemistry, pathology) endocrine and metabolic


gliobulb

(cytology) A spherical extension of a glial cell


hyperspank

(genetics) A particular inducible promoter of gene expression


macrostomy

(zoology) The condition (of some snakes) of having a very large mouth (by dislocation of the jaw)


monomannose

(biochemistry) The monosaccharide form of mannose


monomannosylated

(biochemistry) mannosylated with a single mannosyl group (at each location)


multimutational

(biology) Relating to, or promoting multiple mutations


phosphoaspartate

(biochemistry) A phosphorylated form of aspartate, typically formed via protein phosphorylation


phosphobinding

(biochemistry) That binds phosphate or phosphoryl groups


phosphoimpaired

(biochemistry) Whose function is impaired by phosphorylation


quasifixation

en-noun

quasifixation (usually uncountable, plural quasifixations)

(genetics) The fixation of genes (prevention of mutation) under normal circumstances


receptorarchitectonic

(anatomy, biology) Relating to the architectonics of receptors


unitigger

(genetics) A device that assembles unitigs.


unitigging

unitigging (countable and uncountable, plural unitiggings)

(genetics) The assembling of unitigs (by means of a unitigger)


adaptomic

(biology) Relating to adaptation to temperature and regime


dephosphin

(biochemistry) A kinase that is phosphorylated in nerve terminals


syntelog

(genetics) Any of two or more homologous gene sequences found in different species that have a common ancestor


centrochromatin

(genetics) The chromatin from which a centromere is constructed


oligohexameric

(biochemistry) Composed of several hexamers


apotomized

(zoology) divided by, or cut at an apotome


diplochromosomal

(genetics) Relating to a diplochromosome


pseudosink

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-pseudosink.wav

(ecology) A habitat that appears to be a sink due to its high immigration rate, but which could support a smaller stable population in the absence of immigration.


haplotig

(genetics) A contig of clones that have the same haplotype.