heterodont

/ˈhɛtəɹəʊdɒnt/

/ˈhɛtəɹəˌdɑnt/

From hetero- (prefix meaning ‘different’) + -odont (suffix meaning ‘tooth; toothed’). Hetero- is derived from Ancient Greek ἕτερος (héteros, “one or the other of two; different”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sem- (“together; one”); while -odont is from Ancient Greek ὀδούς (odoús, “tooth; tusk”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ed- (“to bite”) + *-ónts (suffix forming nouns denoting body parts). By surface analysis, hetero- + -odont.

der

"On the Homologies and Notation of the Teeth of Mammalia," by W[illiam] H[enry] Flower, F.R.S. […] The classification and special homologies of the teeth of the heterodont mammals was next discussed.

1868, “Quarterly Chronicle of Microscopical Science”, in Edwin Lankester, George Busk, editors, Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, volume VIII (New Series; volume XVI overall), London: John Churchill and Sons, […], →OCLC, pages 277–278:

The adaptation of the form of the teeth on both sides to this position, and the accurate adjustment of their contiguous surfaces, shows that it is a natural conformation. They are, moreover, of very nearly even height throughout the series, and in their configuration present a remarkable and gradual transition from the first incisor to the last molar, easily traced in both jaws, and more even and regular than in any other known heterodont mammal.

1873 June 19, William Henry Flower, “VI. On a Newly Discovered Extinct Ungulate Mammal from Patagonia, Homalodontotherium Cunninghami.”, in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, volume 164, London: […] Taylor and Francis, […], published 1874, →OCLC, page 175:

The few common characters by which the Edentata are associated are too well known to need repetition. The principal one is the abseance of any trace of the typical heterodont and diphyodont dentition, found in a more or less modified form in all other placental mammals.

1882 April 18, William Henry Flower, “On the Mutual Affinities of the Animals Composing the Order Edentata”, in Proceedings of the Scientific Meetings of the Zoological Society of London, number XXV, London: […] [Zoological] Society [of London]; Longmans, Green, Reader, and Dyer, […], →ISSN, →OCLC, page 359:

[I]n many heterodont forms the teeth at the anterior end of the series of premolars and molars are small teeth, standing to the teeth behind them as the first terms of a series more or less regularly progressing in size.

1894, William Bateson, “Linear Series—continued”, in Materials for the Study of Variation Treated with Especial Regard to Discontinuity in the Origin of Species, London, New York, N.Y.: Macmillan and Co., →OCLC, page 269:

The process of evolution of the specialised heterodont dentition of the Mammalia, or of the Theriodontia, from the simple homodont and polyphyodont dentition of the lower Reptilia would, I think, necessarily cause a reduction in number of the successional sets of teeth, due to an enlargement of one set and a consequent abstraction of growth, energy and material from the underlying sets.

1894 August 1, M. F. Woodward, “On the Succession and Genesis of Mammalian Teeth”, in W. H. Dolamore, editor, The Dental Record: A Monthly Journal of Dental Science, Art, and Literature, Devoted to the Interests of the Profession, volume XIV, number 8, London, Manchester: Dental Manufacturing Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 375:

Finally the structure of the palate in ?Acrodus (and to a lesser extent, Hybodus and Asteracanthus) shows certain general resemblances to that of modern heterodont sharks, particularly in the lower postorbital ramus, absence of an orbital process, well-developed ethmoidal articulations and absence of a basal angle.

1981 April 2, Keith Stewart Thomson, “An Early Triassic Hybodont Shark from Northern Madagascar”, in Postilla, number 186, New Haven, Conn.: Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University, published 15 February 1982, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 13, column 1:

Mammalian teeth are characteristically heterodont, i.e. teeth are dissimilar in shape and size.

2007 March, “Dentition in Mammals”, in Mahendra Jain, editor, Competition Science Vision: A Specialized Magazine for Medical Entrance & 10+2 Exams, volume 10, number 109, Agra, Uttar Pradesh: Mahendra Jain for Pratiyogita Darpan, →OCLC, page 76, column 2:

The first cetaceans were heterodont and had multicusped cheek teeth. […] The earliest odontocetes were heterodont, and the earliest mysticetes retained teeth[…], though vascular grooves on their palates suggest baleen too[…].

2010, Peter S. Ungar, “Cenozoic Mammalian Evolution”, in Mammal Teeth: Origin, Evolution, and Diversity, Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, →ISBN, part II (The Evolution of Mammal Teeth), page 120, column 1:

(zootomy) Having teeth of different types (like most mammals).

The heterodont arrangement is characteristic of the Venus clams and cockles.

In this sense all hinges are Heterodont, and the distinction drawn by [Melchior] Neumayr between Heterodont and Desmodont teeth, so far as their situation is concerned, resolves itself into a comparison between teeth originally laterals and both in one valve, with paired laminæ in the opposite valve, on the one side; and teeth originally cardinals, or, if laterals, then laterals of which one was in one valve and one in the other, with the clasping laminæ also alternated.

1895 March, William Healey Dall, “The Hinge Teeth”, in Contributions to the Tertiary Fauna of Florida, with Especial Reference to the Miocene Silex-beds of Tampa and the Pliocene Beds of the Caloosahatchie River (Transactions of the Wagner Free Institute of Science of Philadelphia; 3, part III), part III (A New Classification of the Pelecypoda), Philadelphia, Pa.: Wagner Free Institute of Science, […], →OCLC, page 491:

I wish, however, at once to say, that a satisfactory solution will only be arrived at by actual observation of the development of the hinge of heterodont bivalves.

1899, Palaeontologica Indica: Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, volume I, Calcutta, West Bengal: Geological Survey of India, →OCLC, page 7:

The palaeoheterodonts are an extant, Ordovician–Recent, group characterised by heterodont to schizodont dentition. They are freshwater to marine. Palaeoheterodonts are exemplified by the heterodont modiomorphioid Modiolopsis, the freshwater unionoid Unio, and the schizodont trigonoids Trigonia, Myophorella and Neotrigonia.

2006, Robert Wynn Jones, “Principal Fossil Groups”, in Applied Palaeontology, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 124, column 2:

(malacology) Of bivalves or their hinge teeth: having two to three wedge-shaped cardinal teeth set in the centre near the umbones, generally also with elongated lateral teeth on the anterior and posterior margins.


heterodont

/ˈhɛtəɹəʊdɒnt/

/ˈhɛtəɹəˌdɑnt/

[A]mongst heterodonts there are several Rodents which have no deciduous teeth, e.g., the rat; […] Among Marsupials, which are true heterodonts, there is only one milk molar on each side in each jaw; […]

1876, Charles S[issmore] Tomes, “The Teeth of Mammals”, in A Manual of Dental Anatomy, Human and Comparative, London: J[ohn] & A[ugustus] Churchill, […], pages 276–277:

On the other hand, in the Mammalian orders with two sets of teeth, these organs are said to acquire fixed individual characters, to receive special denominations, and can be determined from species to species, being equivalent to the Heterodonts. The author [William Henry Flower] then showed that […] among the Heterodonts many were partially, and probably some completely, Monophyodonts.

We have Homodonts, or animals with teeth quite homogeneous in shape, and Heterodonts, those having teeth of dissimilar shapes, the large majority of mammals being Heterodonts.

1878 June, C. N. Peirce, “Proceedings of Dental Societies. Alumni Association of the Pennsylvania College of Dental Surgery. [The Varieties of Teeth Found in Animals; Their Muco-dermal Origin, and How the Blending of Their Different Forms in the Class Mammalia Favors the Theory that They are but Modifications from Some Common Ancestral Type.]”, in James W. White, editor, The Dental Cosmos: A Monthly Record of Dental Science. […], volume XX, number 6, Philadelphia, Pa.: Samuel S. White, […], →OCLC, page 320:

In the aberrant Orycteropus (Aard-Vark), with ten adult teeth, [Oldfield] Thomas finds seven milk teeth behind the maxillary suture (thus taking us into the molar region of the typical heterodonts).

1894 January 4, “The Rise of the Mammalia in North America”, in Nature: A Weekly Illustrated Journal of Science, volume XLIX, number 1262, London, New York, N.Y.: Macmillan and Co., →OCLC, page 238, column 2:

In the past, this would have been enough to allow one to suggest a close relationship between hybodonts and heterodonts. However, Campagno (1977) has recently attempted to show that hybodonts belong to a more derived position within the euselachians, specifically being allied with the galeoid oryctoloboids and lamnoids. If this is the case, the absence of the orbital process in heterodonts might be considered a highly derived condition and the overall close similarity of the palates of the two groups a convergence due perhaps to a common pattern of fore-and-aft jaw movements.

Ordovician actinodontoids are probably ancestral to the heterodonts, unionaceans, and trigoniaceans.

1971, Robert A[llen] Cadigan, “Moenkopi Formation and Related Strata”, in Robert A. Cadigan, J. H. Stewart, Petrology of the Triassic Moenkopi Formation and Related Strata in the Colorado Plateau Region: […] (Geological Survey Professional Paper; 692), Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office, →OCLC, page 30, column 2:

Finally, Carditoidea is basal not only to all other sampled heterodonts but also to Anomalodesmata. This is unexpected; although they appear to be relatively primitive heterodonts, they are mophologically similar to other heterodonts exclusive of anomalodesmatans. More molecular data for other primitive heterodonts are needed to test this result, especially Crassatelloidea and Lucinoidea.

2000, D. C. Campbell, “Molecular Evidence on the Evolution of the Bivalvia”, in E[lizabeth] M. Harper, J[ohn] D[avid] Taylor, J. A. Crame, editors, The Evolutionary Biology of the Bivalvia (Geological Society Special Publication; no. 177), London: Geological Society of London, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 44, column 1:

(zoology) A heterodont animal.
(malacology) A heterodont bivalve.

A heterodont animal.
A heterodont bivalve.


heterodromous

en-adj

heterodromous (comparative more heterodromous, superlative most heterodromous)

more heterodromous (comparative)
most heterodromous (superlative)

(botany) Spiralling in opposite directions on a stem or branch


heterogamous

(botany) in which the stamens and pistils are not present in every flower; i.e. there are male and female flowers

in the daisy family Asteraceae, having two types of flowers in a flower head (such as some sterile, some hermaphrodite, or some female, some hermaphrodite)

(biology) characterized by alternating generations of a parthenogenetic and sexual nature

(biology) involving heterogametes in the reproductive process


heterogenesis

en-noun

heterogenesis (countable and uncountable, plural heterogeneses)

(biology) The birth of a living being from a parent of a different kind; having two different forms in the life cycle.


heterogenetic

(biology) Of, or relating to heterogenesis.


heterokaryon

(biology) A cell having two or more genetically different nuclei


heterologous

en-adj

heterologous (comparative more heterologous, superlative most heterologous)

more heterologous (comparative)
most heterologous (superlative)

By surface analysis, heterologue + -ous, or, by surface analysis, heterology + -ous.

(biology) Of, or relating to different species


heterolysin

(biology) A haemolysin produced in the bloodstream when blood cells of a different species are introduced


heterolysis

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-heterolysis.wav

(biology) The disruption of blood cells by a heterolysin, or by enzymes from another species


heteromorphic

heteromorphic (comparative more heteromorphic, superlative most heteromorphic)

more heteromorphic (comparative)
most heteromorphic (superlative)

(biology) Having different forms in different stages of the life cycle

heitreamorfach

biology: having different forms in different stages of the life cycle


torpor

en-noun

torpor (countable and uncountable, plural torpors)

From Latin torpor (“numbness”), from torpeō (“I am numb”).

(biology) A state similar to hibernation characterised by energy-conserving, very deep sleep.

летаргия

(biology) a state similar to hibernation characterised by energy-conserving, very deep sleep


heterophyllous

(botany) Having leaves of different types upon the same plant


heteroplastic

en-adj

heteroplastic (comparative more heteroplastic, superlative most heteroplastic)

more heteroplastic (comparative)
most heteroplastic (superlative)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-heteroplastic.wav

(botany) Of cells possessing plastids from two or more parent cells or organisms.


heteroplastide

(biology) An organism composed of different types of tissue (as most animals and plants)


heteroploid

heteroploid (comparative more heteroploid, superlative most heteroploid)

more heteroploid (comparative)
most heteroploid (superlative)

(biology) Having a chromosome number that is neither the haploid nor the diploid number normal in the species.

mislitna

having a chromosome number that is neither the haploid nor the diploid number normal in the species


heteroploid

(biology) An organism having a chromosome number that is neither the haploid nor the diploid number normal in the species.


heterosis

en-noun

heterosis (countable and uncountable, plural heteroses)

Hybridisation can also result in heterosis - the scientific term for the production of ʽsuper fit’ hybrid individuals - many examples of which come from agriculture. Heterosis can be thought of as the opposite of inbreeding depression, the phenomenon whereby the offspring of individuals that are genetically too similar - for example, brother and sister - can suffer from debilitating maladies.

2018, Tim Flannery, Europe: A Natural History, page 159:

(genetics) The tendency of cross-breeding to produce an animal or plant with a greater hardiness than its parents; hybrid vigour.


heterotopic

en-adj

heterotopic (comparative more heterotopic, superlative most heterotopic)

more heterotopic (comparative)
most heterotopic (superlative)

(ecology) Occurring in different habitats.


heterotroph

/ˈhɛtəɹəˌtɹoʊf/

From hetero- (“other”) + -troph (“nutrition”).

af

Woody detritus is an important component of forested ecosystems. It can reduce erosion and affects soil development, stores nutrients and water, provides a major source of energy and nutrients, and serves as a seedbed for plants and as a major habitat for decomposers and heterotrophs.

2009, Christian Wirth, Gerd Gleixner, Martin Heimann, Old-Growth Forests: Function, Fate and Value, Springer Science & Business Media, →ISBN, page 159:

It is likely that the long evolutionary trajectory of Mycoplasma went from a reductive autotroph to oxidative heterotroph to a cell-wall–defective degenerate parasite. This evolutionary trajectory assumes the simplicity to complexity route of biogenesis, a point of view that is not universally accepted.

2013 March 27, Harold J. Morowitz, “The Smallest Cell”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 2, archived from the original on 2017-01-04, page 83:

(ecology) An organism which requires an external supply of energy and nutrients under the form of food containing organic carbon as it cannot synthesize its own.

従属栄養生物

じゅうぞくえいようせいぶつ


heterozygote

From hetero- + zygote. Coined by English biologists William Bateson and Edith Rebecca Saunders in 1902, in a paper titled "The facts of heredity in the light of Mendel’s discovery".

coin

(genetics) A diploid individual that has different alleles at one or more genetic loci.

heterotsygootti

a diploid individual that has different alleles at one or more genetic loci

(biology) A bacteriophage that has two different copies of its genetic material and so produces two types of offspring.


heterozygosis

(genetics) The fusion of two genetically different gametes


gill

From Middle English gille, gylle (“gill”), of North Germanic origin, akin to Danish gælle, Swedish gäl, Norwegian gjelle, and further to Old Norse gjǫlnar (“lips”), which also may have had the meaning of "gills" (based on Old Danish fiskegæln (“gills”)). The Old Norse word has been suggested as deriving from Proto-Germanic *gelunō (“jaw”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰel-, which would make it root-cognate to Ancient Greek χελύνη (khelúnē, “lip, jaw”), χεῖλος (kheîlos, “lip”).
Displaced native Old English ċīe.

cog

Fishes […] perform their respiration under water by the gills.

1691, John Ray, The Wisdom of God Manifested in the Works of the Creation. […], London: […] Samuel Smith, […], →OCLC:

(zootomy) A breathing organ of fish and other aquatic animals.

(mycology) One of the radial folds on the underside of the cap of a mushroom, the surface of which bears the spore-producing organs.


baleen

en-noun

baleen (countable and uncountable, plural baleens)

From Middle English baleyne, from Old French baleine (“whale, whalebone”), from Latin balaena (“whale”), from Ancient Greek φάλαινα (phálaina, “whale”).

uder

Scammon estimates the number of baleens killed in the years 1835-72 at 131,000; once again, his figure needs to be adjusted.

2007, Lance E. Davis, In Pursuit of Leviathan: Technology, Institutions, Productivity, and Profits:


petal

From Ancient Greek πέταλον (pétalon), from πέταλος (pétalos, “broad, flat”), from Proto-Hellenic *pétalos, from Proto-Indo-European *peth₂- (“to spread out”), whence Latin pandō and Proto-Germanic *faþmaz (“embrace”) (English fathom).

der

(botany) One of the component parts of the corolla of a flower. It applies particularly, but not necessarily only, when the corolla consists of separate parts, that is when the petals are not connately fused. Petals are often brightly colored.

kroonblaar

one of the component parts of the corolla of a flower


attenuate

en-adj

attenuate (comparative more attenuate, superlative most attenuate)

more attenuate (comparative)
most attenuate (superlative)

From Latin attenuāre, from attenuāt-, at- = ad- (“to”) + tenuāre (“to make thin”), tenuis (“thin”).

(botany, of leaves) Gradually tapering into a petiole-like extension toward the base.


pseudopod

en-noun

pseudopod (plural pseudopods or pseudopodia)

pseudopods (plural)
pseudopodia (plural)

(cytology) A temporary projection of the cytoplasm of certain cells, such as phagocytes, or of certain unicellular organisms, such as amoebas, that serves in locomotion.

(zoology) A projection acting as a foot in certain insect larvae.


phagocyte

From the German Phagocyt, modified on the pattern of -cyte; phago- + -cyte.

(cytology) A cell of the immune system, such as a neutrophil, macrophage or dendritic cell, that engulfs and destroys viruses, bacteria and waste materials, or in the case of mature dendritic cells; displays antigens from invading pathogens to cells of the lymphoid lineage.


binomial name

(taxonomy) A scientific name at the rank of species, with two terms: a generic name and a specific name.

kaksiosainen nimi

a scientific name at the rank of species


binomial nomenclature

(taxonomy) The scientific system of naming each species of organism with a Latinized name in two parts; the first is the genus, and is written with an initial capital letter; the second is some specific epithet that distinguishes the species within the genus. By convention, the whole name is typeset in italics. The genus part is often abbreviated to its initial letter e.g. H. sapiens for Homo sapiens

ระบบการเรียกชื่อสิ่งมีชีวิตแบบทวินาม

rábòp gaan rîak chêu sìng mee cheewít bàep táwí naam


ESA

Ecological Society of America
w:Ecological Society of America

(US, ecology) Initialism of Ecological Society of America.


vegetative

en-adj

vegetative (comparative more vegetative, superlative most vegetative)

more vegetative (comparative)
most vegetative (superlative)

From Middle French végétatif, from Medieval Latin vegetativus, from past participle stem of vegetare.

In Lejeuneaceae vegetative branches normally originate from the basiscopic basal portion of a lateral segment half, as in the Radulaceae, and the associated leaves, therefore, are quite unmodified.

1992, Rudolf M[athias] Schuster, The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America: East of the Hundredth Meridian, volume V, Chicago, Ill.: Field Museum of Natural History, →ISBN, page 5:

asexual reproduction
asexual reproduction

(biology) Of or relating to functions such as growth, nutrition and asexual reproduction rather than sexual reproduction.


persistent

persistent (comparative more persistent, superlative most persistent)

more persistent (comparative)
most persistent (superlative)

From Latin persistentem, present participle of persistō (“continue steadfastly”). By surface analysis, persist + -ent.

Pine cones have persistent scales.

The Jubulaceae have a leaf whose lobule, usually transformed into a water-sac, is normally very narrowly attached to the stem and to the dorsal lobe; indeed some Frullania taxa reproduce vegetatively by dropping the dorsal lobes, but not the lobules, and Neohattoria has caducous lobules but persistent lobes.

1992, Rudolf M[athias] Schuster, The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America: East of the Hundredth Meridian, volume V, Chicago, Ill.: Field Museum of Natural History, →ISBN, page 4:

(botany) Lasting past maturity without falling off.

неопадащ

botany: lasting past maturity without falling off


perpetual

/pəˈpɛtʃʊəl/

From Middle English perpetuel, from Old French perpetuel, from Latin perpetuālis (“universal”), from perpetuus, from petō.

perpetual motion machine of the first kind

perpetual motion machine of the second kind

By means of artificial hybridization, practised for a series of years, he has succeeded in producing a race of carnations which are perpetual bloomers.

The hybrid perpetual roses as a rule require to be pruned to within 4 to 6 inches of the ground.

(botany) Flowering throughout the growing season.

stedsegrøn (used with green plants; literally "ever green")


ampelography

From French ampélographie, from ampelo- (“vine”) + -graphy.

She is the American apostle of Pierre Galet, a Frenchman whose internationally recognized contribution to ampelography, or the science of classifying grape vines, rests on identifying leaf design and the appearance of a vine's growing tips.

1986 August 6, Howard G. Goldberg, “Wine Talk”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, page C18:

Scientists are just now devising a genetic test to distinguish one rootstock from another. Until they do, the only recourse is the arcane art of ampelography, in which the vines are identified by physical appearance. Like art authenticators, ampelographers practice a craft that they would have others think is a science.

1993 October 17, Arthur Lubow, “What's Killing the Grapevines of Napa?”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

The mainstay of grapevine identification is the science of ampelography, and manuals of ampelography (Galet 1971) are the major resource for grapevine identification.

1993, Proceedings of the Eighth Australian Wine Industry Technical Conference, Volume 8, Australian Wine Research Institute, page 78:

(botany, oenology) The discipline within botany concerned with the taxonomy of cultivars in the grapevine genus, Vitis.


covert

From Middle English covert, from Old French covert, past participle of covrir (“to cover”) (corresponding to Latin coopertus); cognate to cover.

When he felt the trappings being taken off him, so that he was in hunting order, Cully did make some movements as if to rouse. He raised his crest, his shoulder coverts and the soft feathers of his thighs.

1958, T[erence] H[anbury] White, chapter I, in The Once and Future King, New York, N.Y.: G. P. Putnam's Sons, →ISBN, book I (The Sword in the Stone):

(ornithology) A feather that covers the bases of flight feathers.


apophysis

From Ancient Greek ἀπόφυσις (apóphusis, “offshoot”), from ἀπό (apó) + φύω (phúō, “to bring forth”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH- (“to exist, to grow”). Equivalent to apo- + -physis.

der

(botany) The external part of a cone scale.


overlap

en-verb

overlap (third-person singular simple present overlaps, present participle overlapping, simple past and past participle overlapped)

overlaps (present singular third-person)
overlapping (participle present)
overlapped (participle past)
overlapped (past)

From over- + lap.
Cognate with Dutch overlap.

(genetics) To have some similar nucleotide sequences.


subfamily

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-subfamily.wav

(taxonomy) A taxonomic category ranking between a family and a genus; formerly called a tribe.


turner

From Middle English turner, torner, tornere, turnere, turnare, equivalent to turn + -er. Also from Middle English turnour, tornour, tournour, turnoure, from Old French tornour, tourneour, tourneur, tornëor (“one who fashions something by turning”).

(zoology) A variety of pigeon; a tumbler.


rudiment

From Old French, from Latin rudimentum (“a first attempt, a beginning”), plural rudimenta (“the elements”), from rudis (“rude”); see rude.

der

(biology) A body part that no longer has a function

рудиментарен орган

biology: body part that has no function left


gens

Bilecik Province
Marcus Aurelius
Roman emperor

Borrowed from Latin gēns (“gens; people, tribe”), from Proto-Italic *gentis, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵénh₁tis (“birth; production”), from *ǵenh₁- (“to beget; to give birth; to produce”) + *-tis (suffix forming abstract or action nouns from verb roots). Doublet of kind, genesis, and jati. See also gender, generate, gentile, genus; also Latin gigno (“I bring forth”).

gentile

of or pertaining to a gens or several gentes

(zoology) A host-specific lineage of a brood parasite species.^([W])


oxygenase

From German Oxygenase, corresponding to oxygen + -ase.

(biochemistry) An enzyme which catalyses biochemical reactions with oxygen.


oxyhaemoglobin

en-noun

oxyhaemoglobin (countable and uncountable, plural oxyhaemoglobins)

oxyhaemoglobins (plural)
oxyhæmoglobin (alternative)
oxyhemoglobin (alternative)

(biochemistry) The form of haemoglobin, loosely combined with oxygen, present in arterial and capillary blood.


oxytocin

oxytocin (countable and uncountable, plural oxytocins)

From oxytocic, from Ancient Greek ὀξύς (oxús, “swift”) + τόκος (tókos, “childbirth”, from τίκτω (tíktō, “I give birth”)).

af

from <i class="Polyt mention" lang="grc">τίκτω</i> (tíktō, “I give birth”)

Some women describe episodes of intense pleasure akin to orgasm during nursing. It would be interesting to know whether the release of oxytocin during suckling plays a role in this subjective feeling, as it may do in actual orgasm.

1994, Simon LeVay, The Sexual Brain, MIT Press, →ISBN, page 67:

MDMA, commonly known as Ecstasy, greatly increases feelings of empathy (and perhaps the actual capacity to perceive the emotions of others); one of the mechanisms (oxytocin release) is now becoming understood, […]

2011, Mark A.R. Kleiman et al., Drugs and Drug Policy, Oxford University Press, →ISBN:

When human beings bond—by hugging, kissing, touching, having sex, eating together, giving massages, or even when singing together or speaking reassuring words—oxytocin brings us “in from the cold,” warming us—quite literally—as it redirects blood flow into hands, feet, chests and cheeks.

2012, Giles Slade, “World without oxytocin”, in Big Disconnect, Prometheus Books, →ISBN:

(biochemistry) A hormone that stimulates contractions during labor, and then the production of milk; also plays a role in social bonding.


herald

From Latin heraldus, from Middle English herald, herauld, heraud, from Anglo-Norman heraud, from Old French heraut, hiraut (modern French héraut), from Frankish *heriwald, from Proto-Germanic *harjawaldaz, a compound consisting of Proto-Indo-European *ker- (“army”) + *h₂welh₁- (“to be strong”). Doublet of Harold, Harald; compare Walter, which has these elements reversed.

(entomology) A moth of the species Scoliopteryx libatrix.


urochrome

en-noun

urochrome (countable and uncountable, plural urochromes)

(biochemistry) A pigment that causes the yellow color in urine. It is a breakdown product of the blood's haemoglobin and is removed by the kidneys.


partial

en-adj

partial (comparative more partial, superlative most partial)

more partial (comparative)
most partial (superlative)

From Middle English partiall, parcial, from Old French parcial (“biased or particular”), from Late Latin partiālis (“of or pertaining to a part”), from Latin pars (“part”).


subspecies

I believe it [the trilobite Calymene blumenbachii] has been divided into several forms, which cannot claim more than the rank of subspecies, as they pass by slight gradations into forms which no author has yet thought it right to separate from the type species.

1866, A[ndrew] C[rombie] Ramsay, “Trilobita”, in The Geology of North Wales (Memoirs of the Geological Survey of Great Britain and of the Museum of Practical Geology; [III]), London: Printed for Her Majesty's Stationery Office; published by Longmans, Green, Reader, and Dyer, →OCLC, page 325:

Ant taxonomists have decided that anything that's worth separating should be separated at the species level, and have no truck with subspecies at all. Butterfly taxonomists, however, like the triple-barrelled name approach and dote on subspecies. As a result, the numbers of ant species and butterfly species are not directly comparable.

2007 March 14, Emma Marris, “The Species and the Specious”, in Nature, number 446:

(taxonomy) A rank in the classification of organisms, below species.

көрүҥ үөдүҥэ

körüñ üödüñe

But these slight differences will not justify us in considering the West African chiquera as a true species distinct from the Indian true chiquera; it is only a subspecies of the latter true species.

1851, [Johann Jakob] Kaup, “Descriptions of Some New Birds in the Museum of the Earl of Derby”, in Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, part XIX, London: Printed for the Society; sold at their house in Hanover Square, and by Messrs. Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, Paternoster Row, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 42:

(taxonomy) A taxon at that rank, often indicated with trinomial nomenclature (such as Felis silvestris silvestris in zoology and Pinus nigra subsp. salzmannii in botany).


orthology

(genetics) Homologous sequences descended from the same ancestral sequence for which function of the gene or sequence has been conserved across evolutionary time.


heteronomy

en-noun

heteronomy (usually uncountable, plural heteronomies)

(biology) The condition of being heteronomous.


homogenate

(biology) The slurry of tissues and cells which results when cell structure has been mechanically disrupted.


nervous

en-adj

nervous (comparative more nervous, superlative most nervous)

more nervous (comparative)
most nervous (superlative)

Baths of Caracalla
Farnese Hercules
National Archaeological Museum, Naples

From Middle English nervous (“composed of or incorporating nerves”), from Latin nervōsus (“nervous; sinewy; energetic, vigorous”), from nervus (“nerve; muscle; sinew, tendon; (figuratively) energy, power; nerve; force, strength, vigour”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *snéh₁wr̥ (“sinew, tendon”)) + -ōsus (suffix meaning ‘full of, prone to’ forming adjectives from nouns). The English word is analysable as nerve + -ous.

refn

From R. Lawton Roberts (1888) “Lecture I”, in Illustrated Lectures on Ambulance Work, 3rd edition, London: H. K. Lewis, […], →OCLC, figure 3, page 20.

From the collection of the National Archaeological Museum, Naples in Italy.

der

nervous as a long-tailed cat in a room full of rocking chairs

CANNACORUS, […] It hath a knobbed tuberoſe Root: The Leaves are long and nervous: […]

1733, Philip Miller, “CANNACORUS”, in The Gardeners Dictionary: […], 2nd edition, volume I, London: […] C[harles] Rivington, […], →OCLC, column 1:


orthotropic

(botany) Growing vertically, either upwards or downwards.


oviposition

en-noun

oviposition (usually uncountable, plural ovipositions)

From oviposit + -ion, from ovi- (“egg”) + Latin pōsitus (“placed”).

If an opsiblastic egg is produced by an individual, it is usually the last oviposition by that animal even if it is also the first.

1963, Ellsworth C. Dougherty, “Other Disciplines of Comparative Biology”, in The Lower Metazoa: Comparative Biology and Phylogeny, Berkley: University of California Press, page 474:

(zoology or pornography) The process or instance of ovipositing, laying eggs.


obelisk

Hippodrome of Constantinople
Obelisk of Theodosius
Theodosius I
Thutmose III

From Middle French obelisque, from Latin obeliscus (“obelisk”), from Ancient Greek ὀβελίσκος (obelískos), diminutive of ὀβελός (obelós, “needle”). Compare obelus.

(virology) An RNA structure similar to a viroid, with a rod-like secondary structure, which comprises its own phylogenetic group.


obelisk

en-verb

obelisk (third-person singular simple present obelisks, present participle obelisking, simple past and past participle obelisked)

obelisks (present singular third-person)
obelisking (participle present)
obelisked (participle past)
obelisked (past)

Dragonflies that spend the day in full sun may obelisk to minimize the sunlight striking the body. An obelisking dragonfly looks like it's doing a headstand[…]

(entomology, of a dragonfly) To adopt the obelisk posture; to point the tip of the abdomen towards the sun.


NAT

en-noun

NAT (countable and uncountable, plural NATs)

(genetics) Initialism of nucleic acid test.


subclass

subclasses (plural)
sub-class (alternative)


taxon

taxon (plural taxa or (proscribed) taxons)

taxa (plural)
taxons (plural proscribed)

(taxonomy) A group of one or more populations of an organism or organisms seen by taxonomists to form a unit.


superfamily

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-superfamily.wav

There is no reason to deny a natural sequence or to split off genera only to have to attempt later to re-insert them into the whole by means of subordos and superfamilies.

1967, Zoologische Verhandelingen, page 32:

The genus Saipanetta has been suggested to be a surviving relict of the metacopidan superfamily Healdiacea because of its muscle scar pattern and narrow duplicature; nevertheless, it differs from the Metacopida in its more complex hingement, lack of a distinct contact groove, exaggerated domiciliar asymmetry, and lack of posterior ridges or angulations.

1978, Philip D. Gingerich, New Condylarthra (Mammalia) from the Paleocene and Early Eocene of North America, page 289:

(taxonomy) A taxonomic category above family and below order (and its subdivisions).


transmission

transmission (countable and uncountable, plural transmissions)

transmissions (plural)
trans (alternative)
xmission (alternative)

Borrowed from Latin transmissionem (accusative of transmissio), from transmittere.

monochromated scanning transmission electron microscope

(biology) The passage of a nerve impulse across synapses.

(medicine, biology) The passing of a communicable disease from an infected host individual or group to a conspecific individual or group.


twitch

twitch (countable and uncountable, plural twitches)

From Middle English twicchen, from Old English *twiċċan, from Proto-West Germanic *twikkijan (“to nail, pin, fasten, clasp, pinch”).
Cognate with English tweak, Low German twikken, German Low German twicken (“to pinch, pinch off”), zweckōn and gizwickan (> German zwicken (“to pinch”)).

cog

(birdwatching) A trip taken in order to observe a rare bird.


subphylum

en-noun

subphylum (plural subphylums or subphyla)

(taxonomy) A taxonomic category below phylum and above class


cactus

cactus (plural cacti or cactuses or cactusses or cactus)

cacti (plural)
cactuses (plural)
cactusses (plural)
cactus (plural)

→ Welsh: cactws

From Latin cactus, from Ancient Greek κάκτος (káktos, “cardoon”), possibly of Pre-Greek origin.

fishhook cactus

Mammillaria, Echinomastus, and Sclerocactus spp.

hedgehog cactus

Pediocactus, Echinocereus, and Echinopsis spp.

ladyfinger cactus (Mammillaria elongata,

pitahaya cactus Acanthocereus tetragonus

Steinbach's crown cactus (Rebutia steinbachii

On the mountains a few junipers and piñons are found, and cactuses, agave, and yuccas, low, fleshy plants with bayonets and thorns.

1895, J[ohn] W[esley] Powell, chapter I, in Canyons of the Colorado, Meadville, PA: Flood & Vincent; republished as The Exploration of the Colorado River and Its Canyons, New York: Dover, 1961, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 22:

This was another experimental garden started under Dr. Berry as a ‘Nopalry’ or place for the rearing of the cochineal insect on cacti, which however, became a sort of experimental garden where exotic plants were received as they arrived in the Port of Madras and were nursed and looked after until they could be despatched to the interior stations.

1960, A. K. Yegna Narayan Aiyer, P. Abraham, Cultivation of Cloves in India (I.C.A.R. Bulletin), New Delhi: Indian Council of Agricultural Research, →OCLC, page 5:

Three years later, the unwatered cactus was still about two feet tall, a dark green color. The watered cactus was a paler green, its trunk visibly swollen with moisture. It had grown to be over five feet tall.

2013, Leslie Morgan Steiner, The Baby Chase:

(botany) Any member of the family Cactaceae, a family of flowering New World succulent plants suited to a hot, semi-desert climate.


superphylum

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-superphylum.wav

(taxonomy) A taxonomic category above phylum and below subkingdom


subkingdom

(taxonomy) A taxonomic category below kingdom and above superphylum.


suborder

→ Dutch: suborde

(taxonomy) A taxonomic category below order and above infraorder.


obverse

an obverse leaf

(botany) Having the base, or end next to the attachment, narrower than the top.


angiosperm

From Ancient Greek ἀγγεῖον (angeîon, “receptacle”) + σπέρμα (spérma, “seed”), equivalent to angio- + sperm.

As with the Lejeuneaceae, this pattern of massive speciation appears to be correlated with the Cretaceous explosion of the angiosperms and the simultaneous creation of a host of new microenvironments, differing in humidity, light intensity, texture, etc.

1992, Rudolf M[athias] Schuster, The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America: East of the Hundredth Meridian, volume V, Chicago, Ill.: Field Museum of Natural History, →ISBN, pages 3-4:

The notion of magnoliaceans as the most primitive living angiosperms, justified or not, does not mean that all their characters, including multilacunar nodal anatomy and the lack of tannins, are primary.

1997, Valentin A. Krassilov, Angiosperm Origins: Morphological and Ecological Aspects, page 134:

2009, Xin Wang, 3: New Fossils and New Hope for the Origin of Angiosperms, Pierre Pontarotti, Evolutionary Biology: Concept, Modeling, and Application, page 55,
With all these features, it is pretty easy for one to identify an angiosperm. This is a very normal and common practice for neobotanists. However, the situation becomes complicated when you go back to the early history of angiosperms.

The palynoassemblage is rich in angiosperm taxa (45.63%) followed by gymnosperms (0.45%), pteridophytes (18.49%) and fungal remains (23.88%).

2016 March 2, “Depositional Environment of Mio-Pliocene Siwalik Sedimentary Strata from the Darjeeling Himalayan Foothills, India: A Palynological Approach”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(botany) Any plant of the clade Angiosperms, characterized by having ovules enclosed in an ovary; a flowering plant.


gymnosperm

from Ancient Greek γυμνός (gumnós, “naked”) + σπέρμα (spérma, “seed”). By surface analysis, gymno- + sperm.

Like cycads — their gymnosperm relatives — and ferns, the ginkgo produces motile sperm.

2015 October 29, Dave Taft, “The Female Ginkgo Tree’s Acrid Smell of Success”, in The New York Times:

(botany) Any plant such as a conifer whose seeds are not enclosed in an ovary.


hermaphroditism

en-noun

hermaphroditism (countable and uncountable, plural hermaphroditisms)

Among other organisms, alternative methods of reproduction include budding, hermaphroditism (one individual carrying both kinds of sex organs) and isogamy (two individuals, not distinguished as male and female, combining their genes).

2018 April 24, John Launer, “Do We Even Need Men?”, in Literary Hub:

(biology) Being able to reproduce as both male and female, either simultaneously (simultaneous hermaphroditism or cosexuality) or sequentially (sequential hermaphroditism or dichogamy).

hermafroditisme

state of having both male and female sexual organs


cryptic

en-adj

cryptic (comparative more cryptic, superlative most cryptic)

more cryptic (comparative)
most cryptic (superlative)
cryptick (alternative)

From Late Latin crypticus, from Ancient Greek κρυπτικός (kruptikós), from κρυπτός (kruptós, “hidden”), from κρύπτω (krúptō, “to hide”). Compare cryptology.

Lonomia caterpillars are extremely cryptic.

(zoology) Well camouflaged; having good camouflage.

cryptic colouring

Episematic characters are far less common than aposematic, and these than cryptic; although, as regards the latter comparison, the opposite impression is generally produced from the fact that concealment is so successfully attained.

1911, “Colours of Animals”, in The Encyclopædia Britannica, 11th edition, volume V, page 732:

cryptic species

(biology, not comparable) Apparently identical, but actually genetically distinct.

Much of the Permian Capitan reef was strongly differentiated into open surface and cryptic communities.

1999, Rachel Wood, Reef Evolution, page 95:

(zoology) Living in a cavity or small cave.


nominate

PIE word
 *h₁nómn̥
Borrowed from Latin nōminātus, perfect passive participle of nōminō (“I name”), from nōmen (“a name”).

the nominate subspecies


seminiferous

seminiferous (comparative more seminiferous, superlative most seminiferous)

more seminiferous (comparative)
most seminiferous (superlative)

From Late Latin sēminifer (“carrying semen”).


omnipotent

omnipotent (comparative more omnipotent, superlative most omnipotent)

more omnipotent (comparative)
most omnipotent (superlative)

Inherited from Middle English omnipotent(e), from Old French omnipotent, from Latin omnipotēns, omnipotentem.

inh+

Coordinate term: pluripotent

(biology) Describing a cell (especially a stem cell) that is capable of developing into any type of cell or forming any type of tissue (also called a totipotent cell).


chemoautotrophic

en-adj

chemoautotrophic (comparative more chemoautotrophic, superlative most chemoautotrophic)

more chemoautotrophic (comparative)
most chemoautotrophic (superlative)
chemautotrophic (alternative)
chemo-autotrophic (alternative)

(biology, of an organism) obtaining its nutrition through the oxidation of non-organic compounds (or other chemical processes); as opposed to the process of photosynthesis.


superorder

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-superorder.wav

(taxonomy) A taxonomic category below subclass and above order.


macaroni

en-noun

macaroni (countable and uncountable, plural macaronis or macaronies)

macaronis (plural)
macaronies (plural)
maccaroni (alternative)
maccheroni (alternative)
mac (alternative)

→ Japanese: マカロニ (makaroni)

→ Korean: 마카로니 (makaroni)

→ Malay:

Arabic script: ماكاروني

Latin script: makaroni

→ Scottish Gaelic: macaroni

From Italian maccaroni, plural of maccarone, obsolete variant of maccheroni (“macaroni, fool”), of uncertain origin. Variously derived from late Byzantine Greek μακαρία (makaría, “food made from barley”), from Ancient Greek μακάριος (makários, “blessed, favored by the gods”), and from maccare (“to bruise, to crush”), archaic variant of ammaccare, from Latin maccāre (“to bruise, to crush”). Compare Sicilian maccarruni (“a single piece of macaroni”). As a fop, apparently from the British Macaroni Club rather than from Italian use of maccarone for fools and bumpkins. As a former form of currency, used to calque Spanish macuquino, 18th-century colonial Spanish slang for a similarly clipped coin.

cog

15 penguins were hatched and reared in the Edinburgh Zoo—seven kings, four gentoos, three maccaronis, and one ringed.

macaroni penguin
macaroni penguin#English

Eudyptes chrysolophus
Eudyptes chrysolophus#Translingual

(countable, zoology) Ellipsis of macaroni penguin (Eudyptes chrysolophus).

Lizards are known among Scotchmen as ‘macaronies’.

1876, Robert Linlithgow Wallace, The Canary Book, page 165:

(countable, Scotland, zoology, obsolete) Synonym of lizard canary.


multiplex

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-multiplex.wav

From multi- + -plex or multi- + complex.

(botany) Having petals lying in folds over each other.


meta-

From Ancient Greek μετα- (meta-), from μετά (metá), from Mycenaean Greek 𐀕𐀲 (me-ta), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *meth₂ (“in the middle”).

noncog

(botany and zoology) Later or subsequent.

(obsolete, architecture and zoology) Situated between two segments.


one-sided

en-adj

one-sided (comparative more one-sided, superlative most one-sided)

more one-sided (comparative)
most one-sided (superlative)


bloat

en-verb

bloat (third-person singular simple present bloats, present participle bloating, simple past and past participle bloated)

bloats (present singular third-person)
bloating (participle present)
bloated (participle past)
bloated (past)

Perhaps from Middle English blot, blout (“soft; flexible; pliable”), from Old Norse blautr (“soft”). Akin to Danish blød, Dutch bloot (“nude”) and German bloß (“nude”).

(intransitive, veterinary medicine) To get an overdistended rumen, talking of a ruminant.


bloat

en-noun

bloat (countable and uncountable, plural bloats)

(veterinary medicine) Pathological overdistention of rumen with gas in a ruminant.


gravitropism

(biology, botany) a plant's ability to change its growth in response to gravity


ricin

It had to be one of three things: A hoax. Or anthrax, which meant I’d have to go on Cipro for a month. Or if it was ricin, I was dead, so bye-bye.

2021 January 24, Donald G. McNeil Jr, “Fauci on What Working for Trump Was Really Like”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

(biochemistry, toxicology) An extremely toxic lectin extracted from the castor bean.


infraclass

(taxonomy) A zoological classification sometimes inserted below subclass and above subterclass (rarely used) and superorder.


supernumerary

From Late Latin supernumerarius (“extra soldier added to a legion; supernumerary”), from super (“above; beyond”) + numerus (“number; collection, quantity”) + -ārius (suffix forming adjectives from nouns or numerals). The word is analysable as super- + numeral + -ary.

refn

From Joseph C. Hughes (1897 September) “Supernumerary Finger Growing from First Metacarpal Bone”, in James Moores Ball, editor, Tri-State Medical Journal and Practitioner, volume IV, number 9, St. Louis, Mo.: [s.n.] 3509 Franklin Avenue, →OCLC, figure 2, page 436.

bor

The best evidence so far that social supernumeraries are physically capable of bettering their lot concerns not rodents but birds.

1996–2005, W[illiam] D[onald] Hamilton, “Sorority Avenue: Altruism and Related Phenomena, Mainly in Social Insects”, in Narrow Roads of Gene Land: The Collected Papers of W. D. Hamilton, volume 1 (Evolution of Social Behaviour), Houndmills, Basingstoke, New York, N.Y.: W. H. Freeman and Company, →ISBN, page 278:

There are differences in the composition of the social group [of certain birds] such as whether one or more sex provides help, and the stability of the associations between supernumeraries and the dominant breeders.

2004, Andrew Cockburn, “Mating Systems and Sexual Conflict”, in Walter D. Koenig, Janis L. Dickinson, editors, Ecology and Evolution of Cooperative Breeding in Birds, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 88, column 1:

(zoology) An animal which has not formed a pair bond and is therefore single.


supernumerary

ylimääräinen

beyond the prescribed or standard amount

a supernumerary nipple; a supernumerary tooth

It [the term disk] means a supernumerary organ, different from the stamens or petals, and originating at the base of one or other of them. Nothing can well be more variable in its nature than this disk; in the Mignonette it is, as you see, a one-sided, hairy lobe; […]

1865, John Lindley, “Letter XXIX. The Mignonette Tribe—Disk—The Caper Tribe.”, in Ladies’ Botany: Or A Familiar Introduction to the Study of the Natural System of Botany. … In Two Volumes, 6th edition, volume II, London: Henry G[eorge] Bohn, […], →OCLC, page 38:

The Camera pulls back for a longer shot. Forty or fifty women, half of them with shaven heads, are sitting on the stairs, among the refuse on the floor, on the tattered remains of ancient beds and sofas. Each of them is nursing a baby, all the babies are ten weeks old, and all those belonging to shaven mothers are deformed. Over close-ups of little faces with hare lips, little trunks with stumps instead of legs and arms, little hands with clusters of supernumerary fingers, little bodies adorned with a double row of nipples, we hear the voice of the Narrator.

1948 August, Aldous Huxley, “The Script”, in Ape and Essence, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers, →OCLC:

There are two types of pulmonary arteries: conventional arteries that accompany airways and branch with them, and supernumerary arteries, which branch off the conventional ones at right angles and supply airspaces immediately adjacent to the bronchovascular tree.

1995, William M. Thurlbeck, “Lung Growth and Development”, in William M. Thurlbeck, Andrew M. Churg, editors, Pathology of the Lung, 2nd edition, New York, N.Y.: Thieme Medical Publishers; Stuttgart: Georg Thieme Verlag, →ISBN, page 45:

“Their aesthetic, if you haven't noticed, is about benign skin cancers, supernumerary nipples. Conventional tattoos belong firmly among the iconics of the hegemon. […]”

2014, William Gibson, “Death Cookie”, in The Peripheral, G. P. Putnam's Sons, →ISBN, page 6:

Beyond the prescribed or standard amount or number; excess, extra.

(biology, specifically) Of an organ or structure: additional to what is normally present.


actinidin

en-noun

actinidin (countable and uncountable, plural actinidins)

(biochemistry) A protein-digesting enzyme present in kiwi fruit. It is also an allergen.


monogenesis

monogenesis (usually uncountable, plural monogeneses)

/mɒnəˈd͡ʒɛnəsɪs/

(biology, medicine) Development of the ovum from a parent like itself.

(biology, medicine) Asexual/nonsexual reproduction, which involves only one parent.


carnivorous

en-adj

carnivorous (comparative more carnivorous, superlative most carnivorous)

more carnivorous (comparative)
most carnivorous (superlative)

(botany) Insectivorous: capable of trapping insects and absorbing nutrient from them.


ovary

From New Latin ovarium, from Medieval Latin ovaria (“bird ovary”), from Latin ovum (“egg”). Doublet of ovarium.

(botany) The lower part of a pistil or carpel that bears ovules and ripens into fruit.


ovum

Borrowed from Latin ōvum (“egg”). Doublet of egg, ey, huevo, and oeuf.

Coordinate term: spermatozoon

(cytology) The female gamete in animals; the egg cell.


ovation

From Late Latin ovatio (“egg-laying”) + English -ion (suffix indicating an action or process, or the result of an action or process). Ovatio is derived from ovāre (“to lay eggs”), from Latin ōvum (“egg”) (possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ew- (“dress; to be dressed, clothe oneself”)) + -āre.

der

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-ovation.wav

/əʉˈvæɪ.ʃn̩/

[The ichneumon wasp] drops an egg. She next seeks out a small green caterpillar inhabiting the leaves of the cabbage-plant, which she punctures with her sting, yet so slightly and delicately as not to kill it; she then rolls it up into a circle, and places it in the sandy nest, immediately over the egg. She continues the same labour till she has counted twelve, and deposited twelve caterpillars, one over another; and thus repeats the process of ovation and supply, till she has exhausted herself of her entire stock of eggs.

1825 November, John Mason Good, “Art. I.—On Instinct.”, in Roderick MacLeod, John Bacot, editors, The London Medical and Physical Journal. […], volume LIV, number 4, London: Printed for the proprietors, by J. and C. Adlard, […]; published by J. Souter, […], →OCLC, page 363:

Having considered their animal nature, and their primary formation, as involving the question of spontaneous generation, he described generally the methods of reproduction adopted in this class of animals, and adduced the explanations and opinions offered by the best authorities on the subject, but particularly those of Bremner, [René] Lænnec, and Owen, by which acephalocystic reproduction is referred to imperfect ovation or generation.

1842 February 28, Evory Kennedy, “February 28, Rev. Humphrey Lloyd, D.D., Vice-President, in the Chair. [Paper by Evory Kennedy on the system of generation and habits of certain Acephalocysts.]”, in Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, volume II, number 33, Dublin: Printed by M[ichael] H[enry] Gill, printer to the [Royal Irish] Academy, published 1844, →ISSN, →OCLC, pages 221–222:

Parthenogenetic reproduction, as a rule, takes place in the summer months, as seen in the Aphides, Crustacea (Daphnia), and Cecidomyiæ, where we see the asexual reproduction taking place during the summer, and at the approach of cold weather the process of ovation taking its place.

1892, Fred[erick] V[incent] Theobald, “The Chironomidæ, or Midges”, in An Account of British Flies (Diptera), volume I, London: Elliot Stock, […], →OCLC, page 203:

(zoology, obsolete, rare) The act of laying eggs.


ovulate

From ovul(e) + -ate (adjective-forming suffix).

af

Ovulate flowers are usually isolated by enclosing them individually or in clusters in pollenproof bags […]

1948, W. C. Cumming, Francis Irving Righter, Methods Used to Control Pollination of Pines in the Sierra Nevada of California, page 3:

(botany) Containing, or bearing, an ovule.


ovule

Borrowed from French ovule (“ovum”), from Latin ōvum (“egg”). Doublet of ovolo.

(botany) The structure in a plant that develops into a seed after fertilization; the megasporangium of a seed plant with its enclosing integuments.

ডিম্বক

botany: structure that develops into a seed


prehensile

Borrowed from French préhensile, from Latin perfect passive participle prehēnsus, from prehendō (“grasp, seize”) + adjective suffix -ile, from Latin -ilis.

Some monkeys have prehensile tails which they use to pick things up.

(zoology) Able to take hold of and clasp objects; adapted for grasping especially by wrapping around an object.


tassel

From Middle English tassel, from Old French tassel, from Latin taxillus (“small cube”), from tālus (“ankle”).

(botany) The panicle on a male plant of maize, which consists of loose threads with anthers on them.


tassel

en-verb

tassel (third-person singular simple present tassels, present participle tasselling or tasseling, simple past and past participle tasselled or tasseled)

tassels (present singular third-person)
tasselling (participle present)
tasseling (participle present)
tasselled (participle past)
tasselled (past)
tasseled (participle past)
tasseled (past)
tossel (alternative)

Maize is a crop that tassels.

(intransitive, botany) To put forth a tassel or flower.


squalid

Numerous diet studies on squalids have shown that members of this family tend to feed mainly on teleosts and cephalopods[…]

2008, David A. Ebert, James A. Sulikowski, Biology of Skates, page 126:

(zoology) Any member of the family Squalidae of dogfish sharks.


wilt

en-noun

wilt (countable and uncountable, plural wilts)

Recorded since 1691, probably an alteration of welk, itself from Middle English welken, presumed from Middle Dutch (preserved in modern inchoative verwelken) or Middle Low German welken (“to wither”), cognate with Old High German irwelhen (“to become soft”).

cog

(phytopathology) Any of various plant diseases characterized by wilting.


knockdown

en-noun

knockdown (countable and uncountable, plural knockdowns)

(genetics) A genetically modified organism that carries one or more genes in its chromosomes that have been made less active or had their expression reduced.

(genetics) The use of a reagent such as an oligonucleotide with sequence complementary to an active gene or its mRNA transcript, to interfere with the expression of said gene.


knockdown

en-verb

knockdown (third-person singular simple present knockdowns, present participle knockdowning, simple past and past participle knockdowned)

knockdowns (present singular third-person)
knockdowning (participle present)
knockdowned (participle past)
knockdowned (past)

(genetics) To employ the knockdown technique


convergence

en-noun

convergence (countable and uncountable, plural convergences)

From converge + -ence (after Latin convergentia).

convergent evolution
convergent evolution

(biology) The evolution of similar structures or traits in unrelated species in similar environments; convergent evolution.


perforate

From Latin perforō (“I bore or pierce through; I perforate”), from per- (“through, thorough”) + forō (“I bore, I pierce”).

uder

A species of remarkable appearance with mature leaf laminae often so profoundly perforate as to resemble a fragile net of tissue.

1999, Nguyen Van Dzu, Peter C. Boyce, Kew Bulletin, 54(2):379-393:


trivial

en-adj

trivial (comparative more trivial, superlative most trivial)

more trivial (comparative)
most trivial (superlative)
triviall (alternative)

PIE word
 *tréyes
* From Latin triviālis (“appropriate to the street-corner, commonplace, vulgar”), from trivium (“place where three roads meet”). Compare trivium, trivia.
* From the distinction between trivium (“the lower division of the liberal arts; grammar, logic and rhetoric”) and quadrivium (“the higher division of the seven liberal arts in the Middle Ages, composed of geometry, astronomy, arithmetic, and music”).

трывія́льны

(mathematics) of being the simplest possible case

(taxonomy) Relating to or designating the name of a species; specific as opposed to generic.

druhový

(biology) relating to, or designating a species


quiescence

en-noun

quiescence (countable and uncountable, plural quiescences)

From quiescent + -ence, or borrowed from Latin quiescentia, from quiescens, present participle of quiesco, from quies.

(microbiology) The period when a cell is in a term of no growth and no division.

(entomology) In insects, a temporary slowing down of metabolism and development in response to adverse environmental conditions, which, unlike diapause, does not involve physiological changes.


mixed inhibition

mixed inhibition (countable and uncountable, plural mixed inhibitions)

(biochemistry) A mode of enzyme inhibition that includes components of both competitive and uncompetitive inhibition.


insert

From Latin insertus, past participle of inserō, from in- + serō (“join, bind together, connect, entwine, interweave”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ser- (“to bind, put together, to line up”). Compare exsert.

der

(genetics) A sequence of DNA inserted into another DNA molecule.


presynaptic

(cytology) In a synapse, of or pertaining to the neuron that releases neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft.


polygenesis

en-noun

polygenesis (usually uncountable, plural polygeneses)

/ˌpɒlɪˈd͡ʒɛnəsɪs/

(biology) The theory that living organisms originate in cells or embryos of different kinds, instead of coming from a single cell; as opposed to monogenesis.


washout

washout (countable and uncountable, plural washouts)

washouts (plural)
wash-out (alternative)

huuhtoutuminen

erosion of a relatively soft surface by a sudden gush of water; channel produced by this action

a bladder washout

(also biology) The cleaning of matter from a physiological system using a fluid; also, the fluid used for such cleaning; or the matter cleaned out from the system.

huuhtelu

cleaning of matter from a physiological system using a fluid; fluid used for such cleaning; matter cleaned out from the system


varietal

/vəˈɹaɪətəl/

(biology) Pertaining to a distinct variety of organism.


particulate

en-adj

particulate (comparative more particulate, superlative most particulate)

more particulate (comparative)
most particulate (superlative)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-particulate.wav

From New Latin particulatus, from particula, diminutive of pars.

The rudiments of particulate inheritance were dimly understood already by the breeders of cattle and apples, but nobody was being systematic.

1999, Matt Ridley, Genome, Harper Perennial, published 2004, page 41:

(genetics) Pertaining to heritable characteristics which are attributable discretely to either one or another of an offspring's parents, rather than a blend of the two.


undershot

His blunt undershot mouth curved in a smile that was somewhat ingratiating.

1931, Dashiell Hammett, chapter 3, in The Glass Key, New York: Vintage, published 1972, page 50:

(zoology) Having the lower incisor teeth projecting beyond the upper ones, as in the bulldog.


sculpture

en-noun

sculpture (usually uncountable, plural sculptures)

From Middle English sculpture, from Old French sculpture, from Latin sculptūra (“sculpture”), from sculpō (“to cut out, to carve in stone”).

(zoology) The three-dimensional ornamentation on the outer surface of a shell.


gluten

gluten (countable and uncountable, plural glutens)

From Middle French gluten, borrowed from Latin glūten (“glue”).

Chew on a small piece of dough, and it becomes more compact but persists as a gum-like, elastic mass, the residue that the Chinese named “the muscle of flour” and that we call gluten. It consists mainly of protein, and includes what may well be the largest protein molecules to be found in the natural world.

2004, Harold McGee, chapter 10, in On Food and Cooking: The Science and Lore of the Kitchen, Scribner, →ISBN:

Unfortunately, wholemeal bread is, according to many experts, a tricky thing to get right, as the lower gluten content of the flour makes for dense results […]

2010 June 10, Felicity Cloake, Word of Mouth Blog, The Guardian:

(cooking, biochemistry) The major protein in cereal grains, especially wheat; responsible for the elasticity in dough and the structure in baked bread.


maltase

maltase (countable and uncountable, plural maltases)

(biochemistry) An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of maltose to glucose; often associated with amylase.

maltáza

an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of maltose to glucose


cordate

en-adj

cordate (comparative more cordate, superlative most cordate)

more cordate (comparative)
most cordate (superlative)

From Latin cor(d) (“heart”) + -ate (adjective-forming suffix).

af

(botany) Heart-shaped, with a point at the apex and a notch at the base.


dystocia

en-noun

dystocia (countable and uncountable, plural dystocias)

From Ancient Greek δυστοκία (dustokía, “difficult childbirth”), from δυσ- (dus-, “bad”) + τόκος (tókos, “childbirth”), from τίκτω (tíktō, “I give birth”).

uder

In macaques, baboons and chimpanzees, dystocia because of breech birth is the commonest category of fetal death.[…]Breech dystocia is rarely a problem for mother or neonates in small, multitocus species like marmosets and tamarins.

2005, James Mahoney, “Primate Management: Medical Care”, in Sonia Wolfe-Coote, editor, The Laboratory Primate, page 256:

Dystocia is defined as difficult delivery. Pelvic dystocia is due to aberrations of the pelvic architecture and its relationship to the presenting fetal part.[…]Fetal dystocia may be due to excessive fetal size from gestational diabetes or congenital anomalies.

2006, Richard Aghababian, Essentials of Emergency Medicine, page 480:

Although fetal dystocias are sometimes relieved by manipulation and instrumentation, cesarean sections are often the only practical methods of treatment.

2008, Dan Rice, The Complete Book of Dog Breeding, 2nd edition, page 96:

It is an appropriate way to allow resolution of the dystocia, after clearing the airway and checking for a nuchal cord.
The prevailing thinking is that the time window in which to resolve a shoulder dystocia before asphyxial insult (not injury) is about 4 minutes.

2009, James A. O′Leary, Shoulder Dystocia and Birth Injury: Prevention and Treatment, page 102:

(medicine, veterinary medicine) A slow or difficult labour or delivery.


jizz

en-noun

jizz (usually uncountable, plural jizzes)

The earliest known appearance in print dates from 1922, in Thomas Coward's "Country Diary" column for the Manchester Guardian of 6 December 1921; the piece was subsequently included in his 1922 book Bird Haunts and Nature Memories. He attributed it to "a west-coast Irishman", and explained:
:if we are walking on the road and see, far ahead, someone whom we recognise although we can neither distinguish features nor particular clothes, we may be certain that we are not mistaken; there is something in the carriage, the walk, the general appearance which is familiar; it is, in fact, the individual's jizz.
There are several theories as to the etymology of “jizz”:
* From the military term GIS (“general impression and shape”).
* Possible contraction of just is (in the sense that a particular bird species “just is” that species).
An essay by Greenwood and Greenwood in 2018 debunks these theories. Other suggestions include variants of guise, gist and gestalt (mispronounced).

A West Coast Irishman was familiar with the wild creatures which dwelt on or visited his rocks and shores; at a glance he could name them, usually correctly, but if asked how he knew them would reply ‘By their "jizz".’

1922, TA Coward, Bird Haunts and Nature Memories, London: Warne:

Political cartoonists rely a lot on jizz. When a new president or prime minister comes into office it usually takes the cartoonists a little while to decide which features to select as field marks but they then stylise these in ways that make them instantly recognisable to the rest of us, even though they may be grossly exaggerated.

2009, Jeremy Mynott, chapter 3, in Birdscapes, Princeton and Oxford: Princeton, page 74:

His birds are not carefully posed to illustrate every plumage detail; they are impressions rather than portraits. With a few deft strokes of his pencil, he captures their 'jizz'.

2015, Nick Davies, chapter 3, in Cuckoo - Cheating by Nature (paperback), London: Bloomsbury, page 53:

(ornithology, birdwatching) The physical and behavioural characteristics of a bird that enable it to be immediately recognised by an experienced birder as a certain type of bird, especially to family or genus level.


graduated

(ornithology) Of a tail, having successively longer feathers towards the middle.


incomplete flower

incomplete flower (plural incomplete flowers)

(botany) A flower lacking sepals, petals, stamens, or carpels.


rattle

rattle (countable and uncountable, plural rattles)

From Middle English ratelen, of uncertain origin; perhaps borrowed from Middle Dutch ratelen or of native origin related to Old English hratele, hrætele (“a plant known for its rustling or rattling sound”), ultimately imitative. The noun (c. 1500) is from the verb.

unc

uncertain

ratel

zoology: organ that produces a rattling sound

The rattle of the rattlesnake is composed of the hardened terminal scales, loosened in succession, but not cast off, and modified in form so as to make a series of loose, hollow joints.

(zoology) The set of rings at the end of a rattlesnake's tail which produce a rattling sound.


feral cat

(zoology) A domestic cat that has returned to or was born in a living situation without human care.


macropine

(zoology) Of or relating to the kangaroo or the wallaroo.


microtine

From scientific Latin Microtinae , a subfamily name, from Microtus + -inae.

(zoology) Of or relating to the subfamily Microtinae, including voles, lemmings and muskrats.


maltose

en-noun

maltose (countable and uncountable, plural maltoses)

(biochemistry) A disaccharide, C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁ formed from the digestion of starch by amylase; is converted to glucose by maltase; it is an isomer of trehalose


amylase

amylase (countable and uncountable, plural amylases)

egg yolk amylase

Egg yolks contain a starch-digesting enzyme, amylase, that is remarkably resistant to heat. Unless a starch-egg mix is brought to a full boil, the yolk amylase will survive, digest the starch, and turn the stiff cream into a pourable one.

2004, Harold McGee, chapter 2, in On Food and Cooking: The Science and Lore of the Kitchen, Scribner, →ISBN:

(biochemistry) Any of a class of digestive enzymes, present in saliva and also contributed to the gut by the exocrine pancreas, that break down complex carbohydrates such as starch into simpler sugars such as glucose.

amilasa

enzyme, present in saliva, that breaks down carbohydrates such as starch


urn

From Middle English urne, from Old French urne, from Latin urna (“vessel”). Doublet of urna.

(botany) A hollow body shaped like an urn, in which the spores of mosses are contained; a spore case; a theca.


vulva

vulva (plural vulvas or vulvae or vulvæ)

vulvas (plural)
vulvae (plural)
vulvæ (plural)

Learned borrowing from Latin vulva, earlier volva (“womb, female sexual organ”), probably from volvō (“to turn, wrap around”). Akin to Sanskrit उल्ब (úlba, “womb”).

labioscrotal swelling - embryological precursors

(biology) A protrusion on the side of a nematode.


lek

From Germanic roots meaning "play". In the biology sense, it comes specifically from Swedish lek (“child's play”), by means of Swedish leka (“to play”). The verb is first attested in English in 1871 and the noun at least as early as 1867.

1975, Edward O. Wilson, Sociobiology: The New Synthesis, figure caption, 2000, page 333,
Each of the three displaying cocks occupies a small territory at the mating center of the lek.

Given that a combination of factors have "released" males from attending nests, why have some species organized their courtship bouts in leks, especially the tightly clumped leks that are typical of manakins and cocks-of-the-rock?

1997, John Kricher, A Neotropical Companion, →ISBN, page 278:

Nevertheless, it does appear that many of the processes of mate choice and sexual selection described for bird and mammal leks also apply to anuran choruses.

2007, Kentwood D. Wells, The Ecology and Behavior of Amphibians, page 352:

(biology) An aggregation of male animals for the purposes of courtship and display.

soidin

an aggregation of male animals for the purposes of courtship and display


lek

en-verb

lek (third-person singular simple present leks, present participle lekking, simple past and past participle lekked)

leks (present singular third-person)
lekking (participle present)
lekked (participle past)
lekked (past)

Males in many lekking species have conspicuous morphological ornaments that may be targets of female choice, but male contest competition may also be involved.

1994, M. B. Andersson, Sexual Selection, page 164:

The second reason lekking is so fascinating is because the males aggregate.

2000, George Barlow, The Cichlid Fishes: Nature's Grand Experiment In Evolution, page 79:

2010, Boaz Yuval, Jorge Hendrichs 17: Behavior of Fruit Fly in the Genus Ceratitis (Dacinae: Ceratitidini), Martin Aluja, Allen Norrbom (editors), Fruit Flies (Tephritidae): Phylogeny and Evolution of Behavior, page 437,
In a recent study (Yuval et al. 1998), the size and weight of males captured either lekking or resting at the same time in the vicinity of leks were measured.

Half a dozen of the thumbnail-size males lekked in a sunny glade.

2010, Robert Michael Pyle, Mariposa Road: The First Butterfly Big Year, unnumbered page:

(biology, intransitive) To take part in the courtship and display behaviour of a lek.

soidintaa

to take part in the courtship and display behaviour of a lek


albumin

en-noun

albumin (countable and uncountable, plural albumins)

Borrowed from French albumine, from Latin albumen. Compare albumen.

(biochemistry) Any of a class of monomeric proteins that are soluble in water, and are coagulated by heat; they occur in egg white, milk etc; they function as carrier protein for steroids, fatty acids, and thyroid hormones and play a role in stabilizing extracellular fluid volume.


neoteny

neoteny (countable and uncountable, plural neotenies)

From German Neotenie, coined in 1884 by anatomist Julius Kollmann from Ancient Greek νέος (néos, “young”) + τείνειν (teínein, “to tense”).

Most amphibians are aquatic only while young, but some amphibians with neoteny remain aquatic even as adults.

Richard Wrangham has noted that the domestication of animals usually tames them by slowing down components of the developmental timetable to retain juvenile traits into adulthood, a process called pedomorphy or neoteny.

2011, Steven Pinker, The Better Angels of Our Nature, Penguin, published 2012, page 744:

(biology) The retention of juvenile characteristics in the adult.

неотения

(biology) The sexual maturity of an organism still in its larval stage.


periderm

(botany) The outer layer of plant tissue comprising the phellem, phellogen and the phelloderm.

(zoology) The perisarc; the hard outer layer of hydroids and other marine animals.


probe

For verb: borrowed from Latin probare (“to test, examine, prove”), from probus (“good”). Doublet of prove.
For noun: borrowed from Late Latin proba (“a proof”), from probare (“to test, examine, prove”); Doublet of proof. Compare Spanish tienta (“a surgeon's probe”), from tentar (“try, test”); see tempt.

сонда

any of various medical instruments used to explore wounds, organs, etc

(biochemistry) Any group of atoms or molecules radioactively labeled in order to study a given molecule or other structure


red blood cell

(hematology, cytology) A type of cell in the blood of vertebrates that contains hemoglobin and transports oxygen from the lungs to the tissues; an erythrocyte.

كُرَيَّةُ دَمٍ حَمْرَاء

haemoglobin-carrying blood cell in vertebrates


cruiser

(entomology) Any of various nymphalid butterflies of the genus Vindula.

(entomology) Any dragonfly of the family Macromiidae; a macromiid.


duplicate

en-noun

duplicate (countable and uncountable, plural duplicates)

PIE word
 *dwóh₁
Borrowed from Latin duplicātus, perfect passive participle of duplicō, see -ate.

Each collection, which may be a unicate or several specimens as duplicates in several herbaria, constitutes a record in the Conifer Database.

2013, Aljos Farjon, Denis Filer, An Atlas of the World's Conifers: An Analysis of their Distribution, Biogeography, Diversity and Conservation Status, Koninklijke Brill, →ISBN, page 3:

(botany, zoology) A biological specimen that was gathered alongside another specimen and represents the same species.


adventitious

en-adj

adventitious (comparative more adventitious, superlative most adventitious)

more adventitious (comparative)
most adventitious (superlative)
adventicious (alternative)

From Medieval Latin adventītius (“coming from abroad, extraneous”), a corruption of Latin adventīcius (“foreign, strange, accidental”), from adventus (“arrival, coming, approach, advent”) + -īcius (suffix forming adjectives), from adveniō (“to arrive”) + -tus (suffix forming action nouns).

der

(genetics, medicine) Not congenital; acquired.

Coordinate term: ectopic

The Velloziaceae have evolved a woody stem which is covered with a layer of adventitious roots mingled with the fibres of the old leaf sheaths;

1985, R. M. T. Dahlgren, H. T. Clifford, P. F. Yeo, The Families of the Monocotyledons, page 101:

(biology) Developing in an unusual place or from an unusual source.

adventici

biology: developing in an unusual place or from an unusual source


glance

en-verb

glance (third-person singular simple present glances, present participle glancing, simple past and past participle glanced)

glances (present singular third-person)
glancing (participle present)
glanced (participle past)
glanced (past)
glance (infinitive)
glaunce (alternative)

The verb is derived from Late Middle English glenchen (“of a blow: to strike obliquely, glance; of a person: to turn quickly aside, dodge”) [and other forms], a blend of:
* Old French glacier, glachier, glaichier (“to slide; to slip”) (whence also Middle English glacen (“of a blow: to strike obliquely, glance; to glide”)), from glace (“frozen water, ice”) (from Vulgar Latin *glacia, from Latin glaciēs (“ice”), of uncertain origin, + -ier (suffix forming infinitives of first-conjugation verbs); and
* Old French guenchir, ganchir (“to avoid; to change direction; to elude, evade”) [and other forms], from Proto-West Germanic *wankijan (“to move aside; to stagger, sway; to wave”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *weng- (“to bend”).
The noun is derived from the verb.

nb...

glansen, glence, glench, glens, glanche, glauncen, glaunche

рикоширам

to strike and fly off in an oblique direction to dart aside

lyödä maila vinossa

(cricket) to hit a ball with a bat held in a slanted manner

[Page 493] [G]eneral impressions of glancing frequency in Acanthochromis juveniles have suggested that the glancing off parents occurs most often in young juveniles and appears to diminish in frequency as juveniles age […] [Page 494] The unusually high variance in lagoon stage-3 juveniles was caused by one relatively small brood (14) that glanced 36 times in one 30-min observation period.

1988 May 1, Kathryn Kavanagh, “Notes on the Frequency and Function of Glancing in Juvenile Acanthochromis (Pomacentridae)”, in Michael E. Douglas, editor, Copeia, number 2, Lawrence, Kan.: American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists, →ISSN, →JSTOR, →OCLC, pages 493 and 494:

(also figuratively) To strike and fly off in an oblique direction; to dart aside.

(ichthyology) Of certain juvenile fish, chiefly of the Cichlidae family: to rapidly touch the side of its parent's body, usually to feed on mucus.

vilkuilla

of certain juvenile fish: to rapidly touch the side of its parent’s body


glance

en-noun

glance (countable and uncountable, plural glances)

(ichthyology) Of certain juvenile fish, chiefly of the Cichlidae family: an act of rapidly touching the side of its parent's body, usually to feed on mucus.

vilkuilu

of certain juvenile fish, chiefly of the Cichlidae family: an act of rapidly touching the side of its parent’s body, usually to feed on mucus


denizen

From Middle English denisein, from Old French denzein, from deinz (“within”) + -ein, from Late Latin dē intus (“from within”), whence French dans.

The bald eagle is a denizen of the northern part of the state.

(biology) An animal or plant from a particular range or habitat.


bander

He got a banding permit in the early 30s and was an active bander for the rest of his life.

1993 November 26, Jerry Sullivan, “Field & Street”, in Chicago Reader:


latent

From Middle English latent, latente, from Old French latent, from Latin latēns, present participle of lateō (“lie hidden”).

(biology) Lying dormant or hidden until circumstances are suitable for development or manifestation.


intergenic region

intergenic region (plural intergenic regions)

(microbiology) DNA sequences located between genes that make up a large percentage of the human genome with no known function.


insular

en-adj

insular (comparative more insular, superlative most insular)

more insular (comparative)
most insular (superlative)

Borrowed from Latin insularis (“of or belonging to an island”), from insula (“an island”), perhaps, from in (“in”) + salum (“the main sea”).


regulome

Regulation materials of cells vary greatly: even water can be an important regulome entity.

(biochemistry) The whole set of regulation components in a cell, tissue, organ, organism, and species, usually used in the context of a signal transduction.


undulate

en-adj

undulate (comparative more undulate, superlative most undulate)

more undulate (comparative)
most undulate (superlative)

/ˈʌnd͡ʒəlɪt/

/ˈʌnd͡ʒʊlɪt/

/ˈʌnd͡ʒələt/

Borrowed from Late Latin undulātus (“undulated”), from an unattested *undula (“small wave”), diminutive of Latin unda (“wave”).

(botany, of a margin) sinuous, winding up and down.


fastidious

fastidious (comparative more fastidious, superlative most fastidious)

more fastidious (comparative)
most fastidious (superlative)

From Latin fastīdiōsus (“passive: that feels disgust, disdainful, scornful, fastidious; active: that causes disgust, disgusting, loathsome”), from fastīdium (“a loathing, aversion, disgust, niceness of taste, daintiness, etc.”), perhaps for *fastutidium, from fastus (“disdain, haughtiness, arrogance, disgust”) + taedium (“disgust”). Cf. French fastidieux.

bor

fastidious organism

fastidious species

(microbiology, of a microorganism) Having precise requirements for nutrition and environment (chemical and physical); especially, being difficult to culture because of those requirements.


erectile

From French érectile, from Latin erectus, past participle of erigere, equivalent to erect + -ile.

The penis and clitoris contain erectile tissue which responds to sexual stimulation.

The observation that topical application of nitroglycerin to the penis may lead to erection adequate for sexual intercourse (Talley and Crawley 1985) has stimulated several investigations on the efficacy of this potential mode of treatment of erectile dysfunction.

1998, Alvaro Morales, editor, Erectile Dysfunction: Issues in Current Pharmacotherapy, CRC Press, →ISBN, page 107:

(biology, medicine, of tissue) Capable of filling with blood and becoming rigid.

erèctil

capable of filling with blood and becoming rigid


imputation

en-noun

imputation (countable and uncountable, plural imputations)

From Middle French imputation, from Latin imputatio.

(genetics) The statistical inference of unobserved genotypes.


plume

From Late Middle English plum, plume (“feather; plumage”), from Anglo-Norman plum, plume f and Middle French, Old French plume f, plome (“plumage; down used for stuffing pillows, etc.; pen, quill”) (modern French plume f (“feather; pen, quill; pen nib; (figurative) writer”)), and directly from its etymon Latin plūma f (“feather; plumage; down”) (compare Late Latin plūma f (“pen, quill”)), from Proto-Italic *plouksmā, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *plewk- (“to fly; to flow; to run; to flap with hands; to splash”).
The English word is a doublet of pluma.

der

(botany) A large and flexible panicle of an inflorescence resembling a feather, such as is seen in certain large ornamental grasses.

plumet

(zoology) A body part resembling a feather.

The furry tail of certain dog breeds (such as the Samoyed) that curls over their backs or stands erect.

More fully gill plume: a feathery gill of some crustaceans and molluscs.


xenogamy

From Ancient Greek ξένος (xénos, “stranger”) + γάμος (gámos, “marriage”). By surface analysis, xeno- + -gamy.

(botany) The transfer of pollen from the anthers of one plant to the stigma of another; cross-pollination.


wired

en-adj

wired (comparative more wired, superlative most wired)

more wired (comparative)
most wired (superlative)


variance

en-noun

variance (countable and uncountable, plural variances)

variances (plural)
variaunce (alternative)
var (alternative)

From Middle English variance, variaunce, equivalent to vary + -ance, from Old French variance or directly from Anglo-Latin variaunce, veriaunce, wariaunce; all from Latin variantia.

(physics, chemistry, biology) The number of degrees of freedom in a system.


extirpate

en-verb

extirpate (third-person singular simple present extirpates, present participle extirpating, simple past and past participle extirpated)

extirpates (present singular third-person)
extirpating (participle present)
extirpated (participle past)
extirpated (past)

From Latin exstirpō (“uproot”), from ex- (“out of”) + stirps (“the lower part of the trunk of a tree, including the roots; the stem, stalk”). Doublet of extirp.

af

The cougar was extirpated across nearly all of its eastern North American range in the two centuries after European colonization.

(biology) To cause to go extinct locally within a population, but not within a species or subspecies.


ventricle

From late Middle English, from Latin ventriculus (“the belly”), diminutive of venter (“the belly”). Doublet of ventriculus.

Coordinate term: atrium

Meronyms: left ventricle, right ventricle

The muscular ventricles pump blood by contracting their fibers in response to electrical stimulation.

2018, Sandeep Jauhar, Heart: a History, →ISBN, page 47:

(anatomy, zootomy) Any small cavity within a body; a hollow part or organ, especially:

Meronyms: fourth ventricle, lateral ventricle, third ventricle

the ventricle of memory

c. 1595–1596 (date written), William Shakespeare, “Loues Labour’s Lost”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene ii]:

(neuroanatomy) One of four fluid-filled cavities in the brain, that are continuous with the central canal of the spinal cord.

[On birds] Where omitting the more general Properties, of having two Ventricles, and picking up stones to conveigh them into their second Ventricle, the Gizzern, (which provision and instinct is a supply for the want of teeth;) […]

1662, Henry More, An Antidote Against Atheism, Book II: A Collection of Several Philosophical Writings of Dr. Henry More, page 72:

(archaic) A ventriculus; especially, a stomach.


vicariance

en-noun

vicariance (countable and uncountable, plural vicariances)

Such an old origin for parts of Sulawesi would explain its unique biota and high species richness; species would have rafted along on these fragments from worlds since long lost (a process known as vicariance).

2018 May 17, Hanneke Meijer, The Guardian:

(biology) The separation of a group of organisms by a geographic barrier, resulting in differentiation of the original group into new varieties or species.


virgate

(mycology) Finely striped, often with dark fibers.


rugose

en-adj

rugose (comparative more rugose, superlative most rugose)

more rugose (comparative)
most rugose (superlative)

Petraea foliis rugosis ovatis. The oval, rugose-leaved Petraea. The root is brachiated; the shrub rises to ten feet high: the leaves are three inches long, an inch and a half broad, even at the edges, and very rough to the touch: (Note: In modern nomenclature, the plant in question probably is Petrea rugosa, as the spelling "Petraea" does not seem to match any extant genus,)

1751, anonymous author, A General Natural History: Or, New and Accurate Descriptions Of The Animals, Vegetables, and Minerals, Of the Different Parts of the World, Thomas Osborne, pages 261–:

The original leaves were flat and very rugose, and almost hid by the numerous single-stemmed flowers; while the leaves produced in the umbellate state were larger, more upright, and less wrinkled.

1866, Botanical Society of Edinburgh, Transactions of the Botanical Society, pages 459–:

(botany) Having a rough, wrinkled, or wavy surface; commonly in parasynthetic usage e.g. "rugose-veined" or "rugose-leaved".

(paleontology) Describing a fossil coral of the extinct order †Rugosa (also called Tetracoralla), this order has horn-shaped corals with surfaces covered with ridges.

(entomology) Used when combined with another adjective, for example, rugose-reticulate or rugose-punctate.


villiform

(biology) Having villi; having the shape of villi or small hairs.


villus

Borrowed from Latin villus (“shaggy hair”).

bor+

where a villus comes next to a gland the short cubical cells of the gland may be traced into the columnar cells of the villus , the hyaline border becoming more marked

1880, Arthur Gamgee, A Text-book of the physiological chemistry […] :

Studies of the viable blood cells with phase contrast microscopy showed peculiar cells that had numerous short villi and were arbitrarily called “hairy cells.”

1966 February 27, Robert Schrek, ““Hairy” Cells in Blood in Lymphoreticular Neoplastic Disease and “Flagellated” Cells of Normal Lymph Nodes”, in Blood, volume 27, number 2, page 199:

(biology) A small projection from a membrane, particularly those found in the mucous membranes of the intestines.

(botany) One of the fine soft hairs on fruits, flowers, and other parts of plants.


variable tandem repeat locus

(genetics) Any DNA sequence that exists in multiple copies strung together in various tandem lengths.


viscount

viscounts (plural)
V (alternative)
Vis. (alternative)
Visc. (alternative)
Visct (alternative)
Vte (alternative)

From Anglo-Norman viscounte, from Medieval Latin vicecomes, from Latin vice + comes. Equivalent to vice- + count. Doublet of vicecomes and vicomte.

(entomology) Any of various nymphalid butterflies of the genus Tanaecia. Other butterflies in this genus are called earls and counts.


voluble

en-adj

voluble (comparative more voluble, superlative most voluble)

more voluble (comparative)
most voluble (superlative)

From Middle French volubile, from Latin volūbilis (“rolling”), from volvō (“roll”).

(botany) Twisting and turning like a vine.


ulcerate

ulcerate (comparative more ulcerate, superlative most ulcerate)

more ulcerate (comparative)
most ulcerate (superlative)

(palynology, of a pollen grain) Having an ulcus, a rounded pore-like aperture, at one or both poles.


tabulate

Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano

Back-formation of Tabulata (“an extinct order of corals”) on the basis
of -ate (adjective-forming suffix, corresponding to Latin -ātus (forming participles), itself seen in Tabulata), from Latin tabulāta, the nominative neuter plural of tabulātus (“floored”). See further at etymology 1. The order is so named because the corals are characterized by their well-developed horizontal internal partitions (tabulae). Equivalent to tabula + -ate (adjective-forming suffix).

af

adjective-forming suffix, corresponding to Latin <i class="Latn mention" lang="la">-ātus</i> (forming participles), itself seen in
Tabulata

[W]e find the Zoantharia, in section (1), divided into tabulate and non-tabulate corals. The specimen before us is evidently tabulate, and we therefore follow the reference to section (2), where we find the tabulate corals divided into those with and those without cœnenchyma.

1865, Samuel Haughton, “Lecture VIII”, in Manual of Geology (Galbraith and Haughton’s Scientific Manuals, Experimental and Natural Science Series), London: Longman, Green, Longman, Roberts, & Green, →OCLC, page 192:

On the Zoological Affinities of the Tabulate Corals; by Prof. A. E. Verrill.—The questions discussed in this paper were the position of the tabulate corals among Polyps, and the true value of the tabulate structure in classification. […] Prof. [Addison Emery] Verrill, therefore, concludes that the tabulate structure is of secondary importance as a character, in fixing their affinities, and that the Tabulata must be dismembered,—Halisites, Millepora, and their allies, being classed as Hydroids; and Pocillopora and Favosites with other extinct tabulated genera, as true Polyps.

1868 January, “American Association for the Advancement of Science”, in David A. P. Watt, editor, The Canadian Naturalist and Geologist: A Bi-monthly Journal of Natural Science, Conducted by a Committee of the Natural History Society of Montreal (Second Series), volume III, number 4, Montreal, Que.: Dawson Brothers, Great St. James Street, →OCLC, pages 294–295:

The large corallites are tabulate, with indistinctly differentiated walls, provided with obtusely triangular and irregular septa, and having their visceral cavities more or less freely connected with one another by lateral horizontal channels, which penetrate the interstitial tubular tissue.

1879, H[enry] Alleyne Nicholson, “Thecidæ and Helioporidæ”, in On the Structure and Affinities of the “Tabulate Corals” of the Palæozoic Period: With Critical Descriptions of Illustrative Species, Edinburgh, London: William Blackwood and Sons, →OCLC, page 236:

(paleontology) Describing a member of an extinct order of corals, the Tabulata: having tabulae (well-developed horizontal internal partitions within each cell).


tabulate

From a substantivation of the former adjective through the associated taxon's name (Tabulata). Equivalent to tabula + -ate (forms nouns meaning "specimen of a corresponding taxon ending in -ata")

forms nouns meaning "specimen of a corresponding taxon ending in <i class="Latn mention" lang="mul">-ata</i>"

Both tabulates and rugosans evolved independently as part of the Ordovician Radiation; the tabulates appeared first in the Early Ordovician (~488 Mya), followed by rugosans about 20 My later.

2013, Walter M. Goldberg, “A Brief History of Reefs and Corals”, in The Biology of Reefs and Reef Organisms, Chicago, Ill., London: University of Chicago Press, →ISBN, section 13-2 (An Introduction to Paleozoic Corals), page 272, column 2:

(paleontology) A member of the order Tabulata.


umbelliferous

(botany) Pertaining to a member of the family Umbelliferae.

сенникоцветен

pertaining to a member of the family Umbelliferae


inflorescence

en-noun

inflorescence (countable and uncountable, plural inflorescences)

/ˌɪnflɔːˈɹɛsəns/

From Latin inflōrēscentia, from inflōrēscō (“I begin to flower”), inchoative verb of flōreō (“I flower”).

(botany) Flower cluster; a group or cluster of flowers arranged on a stem that is composed of a main branch or a complicated arrangement of branches.


umbilicus

umbilicus (plural umbilici or umbilicuses)

Borrowed from Latin umbilīcus (“navel”).

(zoology) A depression or opening in the center of the base of many spiral shells.

(zoology) Either of the two apertures in the calamus of a feather.


chalaza

From Ancient Greek χάλαζα (khálaza, “hailstone, lump”).

der

(botany) The location where the nucellus attaches to the integuments, opposite the micropyle.

(zoology) One of the two spiral bands which attach the yolk of an egg to the eggshell, suspending it in the white.


autochthonous

allochthonous

antonym(s) of “native to the place where found, buried in place”

/ɔːˈtɒkθənəs/

/ɔˈtɑkθənəs/

/ɑˈtɑkθənəs/

Literally, “native to the soil”; from autochthon + -ous.

When, in 1858, Joseph Lister amputated the right leg of a six-year-old girl suffering from gangrene, he noted that the autochthonous blood clot extended down the anterior tibial artery as far as the commencement of the gangrene.

1983, Journal of the Medical Society of New Jersey, volume 80, page 538:

(biology, medicine) Originating where found; found where it originates.

автохто́нен

biology, medicine: originating where found


campana

(obsolete, botany) A bell-shaped flower, particularly the pasque flower.


shemale

shemales (plural)
she-male (alternative)

She-male garter snakes exploit the amorous attentions of other males to warm up.

2001, R. Shine, B. Phillips, H. Waye, M. LeMaster, R. T. Mason, Benefits of female mimicry in snakes, in Nature (414, 267)

(biology, nonstandard, see usage notes) A male animal which displays female traits or behaviors; for example, a male reptile which gives off female pheromones.


unarmed

An unarmed jellyfish would never capture prey.

(biology) Not having thorns, claws, or other dangerous appendages.


mescaline

en-noun

mescaline (usually uncountable, plural mescalines)

mescalines (plural)
mescalin (alternative)

Lophophora williamsii
Lophophora williamsii#Translingual

(biochemistry) A hallucinogenic and intoxicating compound present in the peyote cactus (Lophophora williamsii), the San Pedro cactus (Echinopsis pachanoi), and the Peruvian torch (Echinopsis peruviana).