autorepression

An incomplete PadR motif is located in the p/o of lmrR, this palindromic sequence is only weakly recognized by LmrR. A proposed mechanism for the binding of LmrR to the p/o regions and the regulation of lmrCD and lmrR is as followed: the binding of two LmrR dimers to PlmrCD, together with an extensive binding of PlmrR by multiple LmrR dimers, results in a repression of lmrCD and a strong autorepression of lmrR.

(genetics, biochemistry) repression of the expression of a protein by the protein itself


paradiploid

While we find a “diploid” peak in DNA content in the MTF populations, it seems more appropriate to term it “paradiploid”, since it is known that polyploid tumor cells elicit paradiploid progeny through depolyploidizing divisions and regulated autophagic degradation [106 ].

2015 August 13, “Macrophage-Tumor Cell Fusions from Peripheral Blood of Melanoma Patients”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(genetics) Less than polyploid and greater than diploid


tetracopeptide

Hop is comprised of three tetracopeptide domains: TPR1, TPR2A, TPR2B and two dipeptide repeats (DP): DP1 and DP2.

2015 August 13, “Plasmodium falciparum Hop (PfHop) Interacts with the Hsp70 Chaperone in a Nucleotide-Dependent Fashion and Exhibits Ligand Selectivity”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) Any polypeptide containing twenty-four peptide units


cymbidium

A recent arrangement of soaring glass vases, green calla lilies, green anthuriums, pale green cymbidium orchids and gnarled, sandblasted manzanita branches had guests gathered around it in awe.

2009 May 23, Donna Yawching, Toronto Star:

A bell chimes as you open the door, and fans swirl below a pressed-tin ceiling. Cymbidiums, cattleyas and other flowering orchids are presented in decorative pots on round tables.

2019 April 10, Adrian Higgins, “This florist started caring for ailing orchids on the side. He’s now babysitting 13,000.”, in The Washington Post:

(botany) Any orchid of the genus Cymbidium.


extracatalytic

We conclude that Fu binds to Su(fu) and to Cos2 through distinct regions in the extracatalytic domain, (aa361-390 and aa504-805, respectively), and that disruption of Fu kinase activity does not affect the ability of Fu to bind to Su(fu) and Cos2.

2015 August 14, “A Comparison of Ci/Gli Activity as Regulated by Sufu in Drosophila and Mammalian Hedgehog Response”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) Outside the catalytic domain of an enzyme


ferroptosis

(biology) A form of non-apoptotic cell death that is dependent upon intracellular iron.


chaetetid

Though widely accepted as an alga there is still debate over its taxonomic affinity, with recent work arguing that it should be reclassified as a chaetetid sponge.

2015 September 15, “Geochemical Evidence of the Seasonality, Affinity and Pigmenation of Solenopora jurassica”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(zoology) A kind of demosponge fossil composed of fused tubules.


tetrabrachion

The cytoplasmic (CD), tetramerization (TM) and stalk domains of the WT NA were replaced by an Ig-k secretion sequence, a 6xHis-tag, and a tetrabrachion domain for protein tetramerization.

2015 August 18, “Expression and Characterization of Recombinant, Tetrameric and Enzymatically Active Influenza Neuraminidase for the Setup of an Enzyme-Linked Lectin-Based Assay”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) A highly thermostable surface protein, of unusual structure, isolated from an archaebacterium.


CRISPR

en-noun

CRISPR (countable and uncountable, plural CRISPRs)

Acronym of clustered, regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats.

Crispr is a guide molecule made of RNA, that allows a specific site of interest on the DNA double helix to be targeted.

2018 October 14, Sarah Marsh, “Essays reveal Stephen Hawking predicted race of 'superhumans'”, in The Guardian:

(microbiology) Segments of bacteria and archaea DNA containing short repetitions of base sequences.

For the first time, doctors in the U.S. have used the powerful gene-editing technique CRISPR to try to treat a patient with a genetic disorder.

2019 July 29, Rob Stein, “In A 1st, Doctors In U.S. Use CRISPR Tool To Treat Patient With Genetic Disorder”, in npr:

(genetics) The CRISPR/Cas9 system, which functions to provide immunity to bacteria and archaea by finding a section of DNA and replacing it with an alternative.


counterdye

en-verb

counterdye (third-person singular simple present counterdyes, present participle counterdyeing, simple past and past participle counterdyed)

counterdyes (present singular third-person)
counterdyeing (participle present)
counterdyed (participle past)
counterdyed (past)

(cytology) To dye with a counteracting stain.


endophagous

We recorded plant associated ecto- and endophagous herbivores, their natural enemies and pollinators on and in each aboveground plant organ, i.e. flowers, fruits, leaves and stems.

2015 August 21, “Plant Size as Determinant of Species Richness of Herbivores, Natural Enemies and Pollinators across 21 Brassicaceae Species”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biology, of a parasite) That feeds from within the host organism


deglycation

When interpreting our results, physiological and biological differences between ethnic groups should also be considered (e.g. differences in red blood cell turnover, biological factors influencing non-enzymatic glycation or enzymatic deglycation of HbA1c independent of mean blood glucose [36 ]).

2015 August 22, “Impact of Maternal Country of Birth on Type-1-Diabetes Therapy and Outcome in 27,643 Children and Adolescents from the DPV Registry”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) The removal of a sugar moiety from a glycoprotein


transrepressor

(genetics) A transfected genetic repressor.


subapocarpous

Flowers often irregular; disc usually annular, adnate to the stamens or reduced to glands, rarely absent; ovary multicarpellary, syncarpous or subapocarpous; ovules one to two, rarely numerous in each carpel, ascending or pendulous; raphe usually ventral.

1879, Otto Wilhelm Thomé, Alfred William Bennett, Text-book of Structural and Physiological Botany, Celastrales, page 407:

Apocarpous fruits are the ancestral state in Acronychia and subapocarpous and fully syncarpous fruits are derived.

2015 August 25, “Phylogeny of Acronychia (Rutaceae) and First Insights into Its Historical Biogeography and the Evolution of Fruit Characters”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(botany) Having the carpels partially joined.


serotransferrin

A total of 16 differentially expressed proteins (7 upregulated, such as heat shock proteins and 9 downregulated, such as alpha-fetoprotein and, serotransferrin) were identified when Yorkshire gilts were compared with Meishan gilts on day 90 of gestation.

2015 August 26, “Proteomic Analysis of Fetal Ovary Reveals That Ovarian Developmental Potential Is Greater in Meishan Pigs than in Yorkshire Pigs”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) A transferrin found in blood plasma


aristogenesis

From aristo- + -genesis, coined by Henry Fairfield Osborn.

(biology, historical) A type of orthogenesis that operates by means of a "creative principle".


biocharacter

(biology, uncommon) A defining characteristic of an organism or group of organisms


aristogene

From aristo- + -gene, coined by Henry Fairfield Osborn.

(biology, historical) A developmental unit that can evolve and serve a functional purpose in the hypothesis of aristogenesis.


aristogenic

(biology, historical) Relating to an aristogene.


orthoselection

From ortho- + selection, originally coined by Ludwig Plate in 1913.

Therefore, there is evidence that orthoselection (sensu White, 1973) takes place in a karyotypic format in some lineages and particular formats in others, and could be associated with specific adaptive values that have obvious evolutionary connotations.

"Chromosomal Changes and Stasis in Marine Fish Groups" in Fish Cytogenetics, Wagner Franco Molina, p. 83

(genetics) The acquisition of a common series of rearrangements within a genetic lineage.


cyclosophoran

(biochemistry) A disaccharide that is a form of glucopyranosyl-glucopyranose


glucanosyltransferase

(biochemistry) Any transferase that transfers glucanosyl groups


protocooperation

(biology) The situation where two species interact with each other beneficially, without having a specific need to do so.


beta-glucosidase

(biochemistry) A glucosidase enzyme, located on the brush border of the small intestine, that acts upon β1->4 bonds linking two glucose or glucose-substituted molecules.


neurotactin

en-noun

neurotactin (countable and uncountable, plural neurotactins)

(biochemistry) The murine form of the chemokine protein.


systemin

(biochemistry) A plant peptide hormone involved in the wound response in the Solanaceae family.


leafwing

(entomology) Any butterfly of the subfamily Charaxinae.

(Australia, entomology) The butterfly Doleschallia bisaltide.


charaxine

(zoology) Of or relating to the nymphalid butterfly subfamily Charaxinae.


apterodontine

We can also note that apterodontines and hyainailourines often display more than two mental foramina, while hyaenodontids very rarely display more than two, and have a weak ventral concavity anterior to the angular process.

2015 September 24, “A New Large Hyainailourine from the Bartonian of Europe and Its Bearings on the Evolution and Ecology of Massive Hyaenodonts (Mammalia)”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(zoology) Any member of the Apterodontinae.


metzincin

(biochemistry) Any of a family of protease enzymes with a zinc ion in their active sites.


otophysan

For soniferous otophysans, decreased auditory sensitivity is particularly harmful because it may reduce the capacity to detect acoustic signals from conspecifics.

2015 September 24, “Stress and Auditory Responses of the Otophysan Fish, Cyprinella venusta, to Road Traffic Noise”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(zoology) Any of the fish of the Otophysi series within the Ostariophysi superorder, also known as the Otophysa in some classifications.


vitaminergic

Its vitaminergic actions and uses are identical to those of the hydrochloride.

1995, Alfonso R. Gennaro, Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy:

We hypothesize that AA is a vitaminergic transmitter that activates the release of both FSH and LH from the anterior pituitary gland.
A schematic diagram of the hypothesized mechanism of action of AA as a vitaminergic neurotransmitter.

2001 September, S. Karanth, W. H. Yu, A. Walczewska, C. A. Mastronardi, S. M. McCann, Ascorbic acid stimulates gonadotropin release by autocrine action by means of NO, in Proc Natl Acad Sci USA (98(20): 11783–11788)

Ascorbic acid (AA) is a potent antioxidant that is known to affect mood, and it is the first known vitaminergic neurotransmitter (Karanth et al., 2000; Balz, 2003).

2013, N. S. Minka, J. O. Ayo, “Physiological and behavioral responses of goats to 12-hour road transportation, lairage and grazing periods, and the modulatory role of ascorbic acid”, in Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications:

(rare, biochemistry, neuroscience) Produced or activated by a vitamin


agribiont

Female spiders of one agribiont genus, Pardosa (Lycosidae), which are hunting spiders, were found to be in better condition in landscapes dominated by arable crops [62 ].

2015 August 27, “Organic Farming: Biodiversity Impacts Can Depend on Dispersal Characteristics and Landscape Context”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biology) Any organism that lives mainly in an agricultural environment


mesothermal

The regional climate is humid mesothermal, with a hot summer and well distributed rainfall throughout the year (Cfa in Köppen-Geiser’s classification [32 ]).

2015 August 27, “Markedly Divergent Tree Assemblage Responses to Tropical Forest Loss and Fragmentation across a Strong Seasonality Gradient”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


microindel

Indel and microindel start and stop coordinates were used as the genomic coordinates of the mutation and all bases that fell within these coordinates were ignored for downstream analysis.

2015 August 27, “Increasing Nucleosome Occupancy Is Correlated with an Increasing Mutation Rate so Long as DNA Repair Machinery Is Intact”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(genetics) A very short indel (less than 50 bases)


proteohormone

RbST is a proteohormone that can be used to increase milk production, but its administration is illegal in the EU [16 ] and of consumer’s concern in the USA. To detect rbST abuse, it has been shown that rbST-dependent protein biomarkers in serum and milk of dairy cows can be monitored, but levels are typically low (10 ng mL -1 range) [17 –19 ].

2015 August 27, “Calling Biomarkers in Milk Using a Protein Microarray on Your Smartphone”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) Any protein that acts as a hormone


extraguild

Actually, competition may cause a shift in niche partitioning of plant resources (i.e., flower vs. leaf), which consequently affects the extraguild prey consumption.

2015 September 26, “Plant Resources as a Factor Altering Emergent Multi-Predator Effects”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


genomospecies

This operon is present in only a limited number of strains belonging to genomospecies 1, and it has been acquired once during evolution by horizontal transfer.

2015 August 28, “Bioinformatics Analysis of the Complete Genome Sequence of the Mango Tree Pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae UMAF0158 Reveals Traits Relevant to Virulence and Epiphytic Lifestyle”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biology, genetics) A species characterised by its DNA alone


homoarginine

homoarginine (countable and uncountable, plural homoarginines)

Arginine and homoarginine were detected at λex = 337 nm, λem = 520 nm, and λem = 454 nm was used for (ADMA) and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA).

2015 August 28, “Elevated Levels of Asymmetric Dimethylarginine (ADMA) in the Pericardial Fluid of Cardiac Patients Correlate with Cardiac Hypertrophy”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) The amino acid (2S)-2-amino-6-(diaminomethylideneamino)hexanoic acid


polyaminoacid

(biochemistry) A polypeptide having a single amino acid subunit


polythreonine

Experiments in vitro revealed even more amyloid-forming proteins and peptides, including proteins with no link to in vivo amyloids, such as polyaminoacids (e.g., polylysine, polythreonine and polyglutamic acid) [3 ], and short oligopeptides [4 –6 ].

2015 August 28, “pH-Driven Polymorphism of Insulin Amyloid-Like Fibrils”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) A polyaminoacid composed of threonine subunits


glycoxidation

glycoxidation (countable and uncountable, plural glycoxidations)

glycoxidations (plural)
glycooxidation (alternative)
glyco-oxidation (alternative)

(biochemistry) The oxidation of sugars, glycoproteins or glycolipids


ergatotype

From Ancient Greek ἐργάτης (ergátēs, “worker”) + -type.

uder

(entomology, taxonomy, rare) An additional type specimen chosen as a paratype to exemplify the worker caste in a hymenopteran taxon.


empoascan

More work is also needed to clarify whether Empoasca onukii injures other plants besides tea, or if there are other empoascan species attacking tea shrubs in these areas.

2015 October 1, “Clarification of the Identity of the Tea Green Leafhopper Based on Morphological Comparison between Chinese and Japanese Specimens”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(zoology) Belonging to Empoasca, a genus of leafhoppers.


tantulocarid

(zoology) Any of the Tantulocarida, a group of parasitic crustaceans.


telmophagous

From Ancient Greek τέλμα (télma, “pond, puddle”) + -phagous.

der

(zoology) Feeding from a pool of blood caused by tissue laceration.


solenophage

(biology) Any solenophagous (feeding directly on blood vessels) organism


biospecies

(biology, taxonomy) A biological species, usually defined by the biological species concept or strictly on a neontological basis.


enteroenteric

(biology, medicine) Concerning segments of intestine, often with reference to a fistula therebetween, as:

enteroenteric intussusception

enteroenteric fistulas

Concerning segments of small intestine, usually with reference to an intussusception thereof or a fistula therebetween.

enteroenteric circulation

(biology, medicine) Relating to transport of matter from, then back to, the intestines.


migfilin

Structure of migfilin peptide (blue) bound to the CD face of IgFLNa21 (green) (PDB ID:2W0P) [18 ].

2015 September 1, “Flexible Structure of Peptide-Bound Filamin A Mechanosensor Domain Pair 20–21”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) A protein implicated in control of integrin-mediated cell adhesion


glycoaminidase

We therefore treated the samples with PNGase F, a glycoaminidase capable of cleaving asparagine and N-acetylglucosamine residues in order to focus on quantitative analysis of the deglycosylated C1 without significant interference from the IgG band.

2015 September 2, “Prion Protein Protects against Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) A glycosidase that catalyses the hydrolysis of an N-linked glycoside


endoxylanase

(biochemistry) Any xylanase that operates within a cell


neurobeachin

Two SNPs, rs14920313 and rs14920355, were located in the doublecortin-like kinase 1 (DCLK1) gene, and rs313140585 was identified in the neurobeachin (NBEA) gene.

2015 September 3, “Promising Loci and Genes for Yolk and Ovary Weight in Chickens Revealed by a Genome-Wide Association Study”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) A protein that binds kinases to membranes


pseudoalterin

With pEV as expression vector and SM20429 as the host, a cold-adapted protease, pseudoalterin, which cannot be maturely expressed in E.

2015 September 3, “Development of a Cold-Adapted Pseudoalteromonas Expression System for the Pseudoalteromonas Proteins Intractable for the Escherichia coli System”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) A metalloprotease isolated from deep-sea bacteria of a Pseudoalteromonas species.


malonylation

(organic chemistry, biochemistry) The addition of a malonyl group, especially to a lysine residue of a protein


normochromatic

Genotoxicity and antigenotoxicity were assessed by the frequency of MNPCE, whereas cytotoxicity and anticytotoxicity were evaluated by the PCE and normochromatic erythrocytes (NCE) ratio (PCE/NCE).

2015 September 4, “Genotoxic, Cytotoxic, Antigenotoxic, and Anticytotoxic Effects of Sulfonamide Chalcone Using the Ames Test and the Mouse Bone Marrow Micronucleus Test”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(cytology) Having a normal colour (when stained)


acetamidase

The first equivalent system in mycobacteria, the acetamide-inducible system based on the Mycobacterium smegmatis (Msmeg) endogenous acetamidase promoter [13 ], was developed as late as in 1997.

2015 September 9, “Benzoic Acid-Inducible Gene Expression in Mycobacteria”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) Any amidase that acts on an acetamide unit


tritrophic

/tɹʌɪˈtɹəʊ.fɪk/

/tɹʌɪˈtɹɒf.ɪk/

From tri- (“three”) + -trophic (“relating to feeding and nutrition”), from Ancient Greek τροφικός (trophikós, “nursing, tending”), from τροφή (trophḗ, “nourishment, food”) + -ικός (-ikós, “-ic”).

af

<i class="Latn mention" lang="en">-ic</i>

The spatial overlap between bean species and bruchine hosts, together with the great morphological similarity among the Horismenus species, has made the study of the ecology and population genetics of this tritrophic system difficult.

2015 September 10, “Uncovering Cryptic Parasitoid Diversity in Horismenus (Chalcidoidea, Eulophidae)”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(ecology) Describing a parasite that feeds on another parasite that feeds on a third parasite.


agnoprotein

From a- + Latin gnōscō (“know”) + protein, in reference to agnogene, the gene from which polyomavirus family of agnoprotein emerges.

Expression of the viral proteins VP1 and agnoprotein was measured in whole cell protein extracts by Western blot.

2015 September 12, “CRISPR/Cas9 System as an Agent for Eliminating Polyomavirus JC Infection”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) Any of a family of viral proteins that play indirect roles in the biological processes and activities of viruses


vasohibin

Among these, we looked at vasohibin for further study, since its expression increased by about 3 times.

2015 September 12, “Inhibition of IGF-1-Mediated Cellular Migration and Invasion by Migracin A in Ovarian Clear Cell Carcinoma Cells”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) Any of a family of angiogenesis inhibitors found in the endothelium


slippery sequence

en-noun

slippery sequence (plural slippery sequences)

(genetics) A small section of codon nucleotide sequences that controls the rate of ribosomal frameshifting.


hypercolonization

Here, we show that inactivation of dsdA does not lead to hypercolonization.

2015 September 15, “dsdA Does Not Affect Colonization of the Murine Urinary Tract by Escherichia coli CFT073”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(ecology) excessive colonization (by an organism)


immunometabolism

In fact, a novel research area termed immunometabolism has emerged from the study of AT’s roles in metabolism and immunity, which contribute to the pathogenesis of obesity-associated dysfunctions [23, 24 ].

2015 September 15, “Characterization of In Vitro Engineered Human Adipose Tissues: Relevant Adipokine Secretion and Impact of TNF-α”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(immunology, biochemistry) The study of the interaction between the immune system and metabolism


maltooctaose

We tested if redox sensitivity—defined as a percentage difference between reduced (set as 100%) and oxidized activity—is dependent on the nature of the glucan substrate using a linear series of maltooligosaccharides (MOS) from glucose to maltooctaose and glycogen as substrates.

2015 September 15, “The Role of Cysteine Residues in Redox Regulation and Protein Stability of Arabidopsis thaliana Starch Synthase 1”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) An oligosaccharide composed of four maltose moieties


octaose

(biochemistry) Any oligosaccharide containing eight monosaccharide moieties


polyglucan

It has a structural fold termed GT-B and a retaining mechanism of glucose transfer giving an α-configuration of the growing polyglucan chain (http://www.cazy.org/ ).

(biochemistry) Any polysaccharide containing glucan units


transfrag

A single consensus transfrag covers the entire TRα1 coding sequence (exons 2–9), and two non-overlapping transfrags cover all but 25 nt of the Rev-erbα coding sequence (exons 1–8).

2015 September 15, “Evolution of the Antisense Overlap between Genes for Thyroid Hormone Receptor and Rev-erbα and Characterization of an Exonic G-Rich Element That Regulates Splicing of TRα2 mRNA”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(genetics) A transcribed fragment (of DNA)


mermithergate

From New Latin mermithergata, from Ancient Greek μέρμις (mérmis, “cord, string”) + ἐργάτης (ergátēs, “worker”).

der

The normal worker castes of Pheidole gouldi are depicted in comparison with a mermithergate: side view of the body of a mermithergate, with the Mermis nematode visible through the intersegmental membranes of its gaster […]

2003, Edward O. Wilson, Pheidole in the New World: A Dominant, Hyperdiverse Ant Genus:

(entomology) A worker ant that is deformed by parasitic nematodes.


exocortex

en-noun

exocortex (plural exocortexes or exocortices)

exocortexes (plural)
exocortices (plural)

(botany) A special triple layer in the roots of saprophytic orchids.


formicivorous

Formicivorous mammals (those which feed mainly on ants) come in all shapes and sizes […]

2010, Paula Hammond, Atlas of the World's Strangest Animals, page 152:


free-swimming

It is a most remarkable fact that almost all these shore animals in their early development from the egg pass through free-swimming larval stages which are closely alike in form for very widely different zoological groups.

1885, Sir Norman Lockyer, Nature - Volume 32, page 418:

The presence of free-swimming and stalked ciliates, some flagellates, and rotifers in mixed liquor indicates a balanced, properly settling environment.

2008, Frank R. Spellman, Handbook of Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant Operations, page 715:


thalassochory

However, even for these species, thalassochory remains an unlikely dispersal vector due to the reduced floatation capacity and low viability of immersed diaspores.

2015 October 15, “On the Limited Potential of Azorean Fleshy Fruits for Oceanic Dispersal”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biology) Transport or dispersal of organisms by means of the ocean.


washingtonia

(botany) Any fan palm of the genus Washingtonia.


chionodoxa

Adapted to the same uses as the chionodoxas and following them at a little later date, it is suited to positions ranging from the rockery to naturalization in grasslands.

1934, David Griffiths, Bulbs from Seed, page 22:

Smaller flowers such as chionodoxa are better under shrubs where they can create great pools of blue.

2015 October 17, Alys Fowler, “Alys Fowler: now’s the time to plant a swath of crocuses”, in The Guardian:

(botany) Any plant of the former genus Chionodoxa.


chocolatize

en-verb

chocolatize (third-person singular simple present chocolatizes, present participle chocolatizing, simple past and past participle chocolatized)

chocolatizes (present singular third-person)
chocolatizing (participle present)
chocolatized (participle past)
chocolatized (past)

Due to difficulty culturing the WY-A2 strain in MMH broth, cysteine heart agar with 9% chocolatized sheep blood (CHAB) was used under identical incubation settings as the strains above.

2015 October 17, “Prior Inoculation with Type B Strains of Francisella tularensis Provides Partial Protection against Virulent Type A Strains in Cottontail Rabbits”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(transitive, biology) To heat (a substance containing blood) slowly until the red blood cells lyse, producing a brown, chocolate-like color.


protocarnivorous

/ˌpɹəʊtəkɑːˈnɪvəɹəs/

Recently, a new distinction has been made between the classical carnivorous plants, terrestrial or aquatic, and the newly discovered protocarnivorous plants.

1998, Pierre Jolivet, Interrelationship Between Insects and Plants, CRC Press, page 101:

Pinedrops and other protocarnivorous species have an advantage over other plants in situations where soil nitrogen is scarce.

2007, Carolyn Dodson, William W. Dunmire, Mountain Wildflowers of the Southern Rockies: Revealing Their Natural History, University of New Mexico Press, page 45:

The abundance of dead and decaying animals turns the traps into attractive habits for different organisms. Carnivorous and protocarnivorous plants employ two different strategies to face this challenge: […]

2011, Janek von Byern, Ingo Grunwald, editors, Biological Adhesive Systems, Springer Science & Business Media, page 24:

(botany, of a plant) Capable of trapping and killing insects or other animals but lacking the ability to digest or absorb nutrients from its prey.


riparian buffer

en-noun

riparian buffer (plural riparian buffers)

/ɹʌɪˈpɛːɹɪən ˈbʌfə(ɹ)/

(ecology) An area of vegetation around a body of water that gives benefits to the ecosystem in the body of water. It can provide shade, a food source, and a buffer against pollution from outside sources.


incessive

en-adj

incessive (comparative more incessive, superlative most incessive)

more incessive (comparative)
most incessive (superlative)

From Latin incessus + -ive, from Latin incesso + -ive.

On the right cheek, just below the incessive tearing, and only a mild redness.

1943 January, H.D. Rosenbaum, “Varicella and the Cornea*: A Case Report”, in American Journal of Ophthalmology, volume 26, number 1:

In the new genus Bathyopsurus, the incessive part and the lacinia (on the left mandible) are well developed.

1951, Hans Pettersson, Nils Gunnar Jerlov, Börje Kullenberg, Reports of the Swedish Deep-Sea Expedition, 1947-1948, page 206:


phagostimulant

(entomology) Any substance that stimulates feeding in insects and other arthropods.


ectohydric

These two species are ectohydric and take up N with water from precipitation [34 ].

2015 September 17, “Diversification of Nitrogen Sources in Various Tundra Vegetation Types in the High Arctic”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(botany) That transports water on its external surface


endohydric

In contrast, Polytrichastrum alpinum (Polytrichospida) is endohydric and transports water up from the underlying soil [35 ].

(botany) That transports water internally


matriptase

en-noun

matriptase (usually uncountable, plural matriptases)

From matri- (because of its use in treating breast cancer) + tryp(sin) + -ase?

af

Stoichiometric release of 6-amidino-2-naphthol allowed highly sensitive fluorometric estimation of active-site concentration in preparations of matriptase and tryptase.

2015 October 21, “Divergent Inhibitor Susceptibility among Airway Lumen-Accessible Tryptic Proteases”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) An enzyme that cleaves various kinds of synthetic substrate.


prostasin

Aprotinin exhibited nearly stoichiometric inhibition of prostasin and matriptase, but was much weaker towards HAT and was completely ineffective versus tryptase.

(biochemistry) A particular protein that is implicated in epithelial sodium channel regulation.


TMH

(biochemistry) Abbreviation of trimethylhydrazine hydrochloride.


endophage

These results corroborate our expectation of a stronger effect of host-plant phylogenetic isolation on endophage diversity than on exophage diversity.

2015 September 18, “The Effect of Host-Plant Phylogenetic Isolation on Species Richness, Composition and Specialization of Insect Herbivores: A Comparison between Native and Exotic Hosts”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biology) Any parasite that feeds within its host


exophage

(biology) Any parasite that feeds outside of its host


phosphometabolite

Our study uncovered age-dependent decline in phosphometabolite turnover rates and dynamic energetic rearrangements in aging rat atria with simultaneous phosphotransfer circuit and mitochondrial substrate shuttle deficits hindering ATP cycling that may underlie the vulnerability of the whole energetic system, muscle weakness and electrical instability.

2015 September 18, “Decline of Phosphotransfer and Substrate Supply Metabolic Circuits Hinders ATP Cycling in Aging Myocardium”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) Any metabolite that contains a phosphate (or similar) group


heterododecamer

(chemistry, biochemistry) A dodecamer, especially a biologically active one, derived from two or more different (but similar) monomers


pseudodominance

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-pseudodominance.wav

(genetics) The situation in which the inheritance of a recessive trait mimics a dominant pattern.


alcyonacean

(zoology) Any member of the Alcyonacea; a soft coral.


pennatulacean

(zoology) A member of the Pennatulacea; a sea pen.


zonadhesin

This is the case of zonadhesin, a protein from the family of agglutinins that was used as an anchor by Zhang et al.

2015 October 29, “Displaying Lipase B from Candida antarctica in Pichia pastoris Using the Yeast Surface Display Approach: Prospection of a New Anchor and Characterization of the Whole Cell Biocatalyst”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) A male reproductive protein associated with cell adhesion.


Gloger's rule

After the zoologist Constantin Wilhelm Lambert Gloger, who first remarked upon this phenomenon in 1833.

(zoology) A rule stating that, within a species of endotherms, more heavily pigmented forms tend to be found in more humid environments.


formicivore

(zoology) Any organism that feeds on ants.


toothed jelly fungus

en-noun

toothed jelly fungus (plural toothed jelly funguses or toothed jelly fungi)

toothed jelly funguses (plural)
toothed jelly fungi (plural)

I have also seen fallen birch logs hosting toothed jelly fungus and witch's butter, both of which are useful edible fungi.

2015, Cliff Seruntine, The Wildwood Way: Spiritual Growth in the Heart of Nature, Llewellyn Worldwide, →ISBN, page 48:

Pseudohydnum gelatinosum
Pseudohydnum gelatinosum#Translingual

(mycology) A mushroom, Pseudohydnum gelatinosum, the only member of the genus Pseudohydnum in the order Auriculariales.


toothed jelly mushroom

toothed jelly mushroom (plural toothed jelly mushrooms)

Fungi continue their patient, determined work, slowly consuming the cellulose over the years, like the helpful toothed jelly mushroom, a nutrientrich fungus that tastes something like tofu.

2015, Cliff Seruntine, The Wildwood Way: Spiritual Growth in the Heart of Nature, Llewellyn Worldwide, →ISBN, page 146:

toothed jelly fungus
toothed jelly fungus#English

(mycology) Synonym of toothed jelly fungus.


jelly tooth

Genus Pseudohydnum The fruiting bodies of Pseudohydnum gelatinosum (jelly tooth) are unusual in that they appear to have features of two very different groups of fungi. The fruiting body itself is jellylike, but its lower surface is covered with short, toothlike white spines on which the hymenium is located.


(biochemistry) Abbreviation of casein kinase 2.


chronic wasting disease

(veterinary, pathology) A transmissible spongiform encephalopathy found in deer, typified by chronic weight loss leading to death.


stressee

"Is the problem with the stressor or the stressee, or is it the match between the two?"

2007, Ana Maria Davila Gomez, David Crowther, Ethics, Psyche and Social Responsibility - Page 95:

(psychology, biology) an organism that is stressed


anabolite

(biochemistry) Any substance produced as a result of anabolism


oviscape

From Latin ovum (“egg”) plus scāpus (“stem or shaft”), from Ancient Greek (Doric) σκᾶπος (skâpos).

(entomology) The basal part of the ovipositor of some species of insects, typically the non-retractile sheath that remains exposed when the ovipositor is withdrawn and not in action.

(entomology) The oviscapte or ovipositor.


bassarisk

(zoology) Any member of the genus Bassariscus.


oviscapte

Learned borrowing from Latin ovum (“egg”) + captare (“to conduct”)

(entomology) The oviscape or ovipositor.


caimanine

(zoology) Any member of the subfamily Caimaninae within the Alligatoridae.


dermorphin

dermorphin (countable and uncountable, plural dermorphins)

BSA showed a clear liver distribution, while dermorphin was mainly distributed in the duodenum, followed by the liver, 15 min after i.v. injection.

2015 November 5, “Quorum Sensing Peptides Selectively Penetrate the Blood-Brain Barrier”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) A heptapeptide first isolated from the skin of South American frogs, and sometimes used illicitly to enhance the performance of racehorses.


BSG

BSG (countable and uncountable, plural BSGs)


dactylogyrid

(zoology) Any flatworm in the family Dactylogyridae.


maturationally

en-adv

maturationally (comparative more maturationally, superlative most maturationally)

more maturationally (comparative)
most maturationally (superlative)

"It is presumed that the stimulus-response sequences set up by learning depend, just as maturationally established sequences do, […]"

1958, Joseph Wolpe, Psychotherapy by Reciprocal Inhibition:


boltonia

(botany) Any member of genus Boltonia of plants in the sunflower family; doll's daisy.


polysaccharase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that degrades/hydrolyses a polysaccharide.


coprosma

(botany) Any of the plants in the genus Coprosma.


clintonia

(botany) Any of the genus Clintonia of herbaceous perennials.


davidia

(botany) Any of the genus Davidia of flowering trees.


antimigratory

Based on these observations it is clear that C-10 showed a significant reduction in cell viability and also showed antiangiogenic and antimigratory effects compared to positive controls.

2015 November 10, “Novel Etoposide Analogue Modulates Expression of Angiogenesis Associated microRNAs and Regulates Cell Proliferation by Targeting STAT3 in Breast Cancer”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


thylacocephalan

(zoology) Any member of the Thylacocephala.


rodgersia

(botany) Any member of the genus Rodgersia.


ruellia

(botany) Any member of the genus Ruellia of flowering plants.


pieridine

(zoology) Of or relating to the Pieridae, a large family of butterflies.


self-pollinating

From self- + pollinating, from self-pollination.

(botany) relating to plants that pollinate themselves, either with pollen from the same flower or from a neighbouring flower on the same plant.


fatshedera

(botany) A hybrid of flowering plants of the genera Fatsia and Hedera (× Fatshedera).


semicryptic

Semicryptic and cryptic species suffer less damage than species that perch in the open […]

1997, Johnny A. Waters, Christopher Grant Maples, Geobiology of echinoderms, page 20:

(zoology) Having a certain degree of camouflage.


long i

(palaeography, epigraphy) a tall variant of the letter i, ⟨ꟾ⟩, used in all-capital Latin inscriptions and manuscripts in classical antiquity and the Early Middle Ages for a long vowel /iː/. (Other long vowels were marked with apices.)


agynary

(botany) The absence of female organs, such as on double flowers which have petals but no pistils.


haramiyid

(zoology) Any member of the order †Haramiyida or family †Haramiyidae.


ceratioid

ceratioids (plural)
ceratoid (alternative)

(zoology) Any anglerfish of the suborder Ceratioidei, now Ogcocephalioidei.


choripetalous

From Ancient Greek χωρίς (khōrís, “separately”) + petalous.

der

In dicotyledons that do not form a calyx, like the buttercups, the corollas are always choripetalous.

1986, Ernst Michael Kranich, Planetary Influences Upon Plants:

(botany) Having separate, unconnected petals; polypetalous.


erythrophagocytosis

Thus, consistent with its known function in regulating RBC phagocytosis, Hu5F9-G4 caused a transient anemia, likely due to erythrophagocytosis, but was otherwise well-tolerated.

2015 September 22, “Pre-Clinical Development of a Humanized Anti-CD47 Antibody with Anti-Cancer Therapeutic Potential”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(cytology, immunology) The phagocytosis of erythrocytes


hydroperoxyflavin

(biochemistry) Any of a family of metabolites formally generated by the addition of the elements of hydrogen peroxide to a flavin


paraptosis

Cytoplasmic vacuolisation is a prominent feature of paraptosis, which includes cytoplasmic vacuolisation, mitochondrial swelling and endoplasmic reticulum stress and annexin V binding to membranes.

2015 September 22, “Aberrant Apoptotic Response of Colorectal Cancer Cells to Novel Nucleoside Analogues”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

programmed cell death
programmed cell death

(biology) A particular form of programmed cell death, defined by cytoplasmic vacuolation, independent of caspase activation and inhibition, and lack of apoptotic morphology.


programmed cell death

en-noun

programmed cell death (countable and uncountable, plural programmed cell deaths)

(biology) The regulated death of a cell, mediated by an intracellular program.

ohjelmoitu solukuolema

the regulated death of a cell, mediated by an intracellular program


subconsomic

To narrow down the region that contains the genetic loci involved in the aggression-eliciting effects on Chr 15, we established a panel of subconsomic strains of MSM Chr 15.

2015 September 22, “Mapping of Genetic Factors That Elicit Intermale Aggressive Behavior on Mouse Chromosome 15: Intruder Effects and the Complex Genetic Basis”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(genetics, of strains) congenic and without chromosome substitution


eryptosis

This ability may protect the erythrocytes from the eryptosis elicited by osmotic shock when they move in the kidney, where a large gradient of urea is required for the urine concentrating mechanism.

2015, Liangsuo Shu, Yingjie Li, Xiaokang, Liu Xin Qian, Suyi Huang, Shiping Jin, Baoxue Yang, “Aquaporin-1 is a Maxwell's Demon in the Body”, in arXiv:

(biology) phagocytosis of aging erythrocytes, triggered by changes in their plasma membranes, thus removing old and defective cells and continually purging the blood


hamamelidaceous

From translingual Hamamelidaceae + -ous.

(botany, relational) Of or relating to the Hamamelidaceae.


amplect

en-verb

amplect (third-person singular simple present amplects, present participle amplecting, simple past and past participle amplected)

amplects (present singular third-person)
amplecting (participle present)
amplected (participle past)
amplected (past)

To name just several, male toads (Bufo bufo) sometimes amplect other males, female Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) mount one another and engage in genital contact, and male flour beetles (Tribolium castaneum) will mount and attempt to deposit sperm on other males.

2013, David A. Baum, Douglas J. Futuyma, Hopi E. Hoekstra, The Princeton Guide to Evolution, →ISBN, page 716:

(biology, rare) To grasp (the mating partner) with front legs, so as to engage in amplexus.


mesocratic

Turner and West ( 1968 ) suggest that the phases of an interglacial period (cryocratic, protocratic, mesocratic, telocratic ) be considered as cenozones.

1975, Valentin Abramovich Krasilov, Paleoecology of Terrestrial Plants, page 229:

Hence, regional soil degenerations and podsolization was probably an important factor contributing to the retrogressive change in the forest composition at the end of the mesocratic phase..

1987, Suomalainen Tiedeakatemia, Annales Academiae Scientiarum Fennicae, page 10:

The fully developed mesocratic woodland had a somewhat different character..

2012, M. Ingrouille, Historical Ecology of the British Flora, page 76:

(ecology) The second stage of interglacial forest development (Early-Temperate), characterized by a transitional mix of light-demanding and shade-tolerant species.


elongatoolithid

Unlike other elongatoolithid and prismatoolithid eggs, Elongatoolithus elongatus and Protoceratopsidovum minimum were classified into the covered nest type.

2015 November 26, “Eggshell Porosity Provides Insight on Evolution of Nesting in Dinosaurs”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(paleontology) Any member of the oofamily Elongatoolithidae.


extravesicular

The normalized fluorescence change (ΔF/ΔF max ) was determined by dividing the observed fluorescence change (ΔF) by that induced by adding 1% β-OG to the extravesicular medium (ΔF max ).

2015 November 26, “A Versatile Strategy for Production of Membrane Proteins with Diverse Topologies: Application to Investigation of Bacterial Homologues of Human Divalent Metal Ion and Nucleoside Transporters”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


poaceous

(botany) Belonging to the family Poaceae of grasses.


plumbaginaceous

(botany) Belonging to the Plumbaginaceae.


sarraceniaceous

(botany) Belonging to the Sarraceniaceae.


thymelaeaceous

(botany, relational) Of or relating to the Thymelaeaceae.


brachydactylous

Borrowed from Latin brachydactylus + -ous.

(zoology) Having abnormally short digits.


aerogenic

en-adj

aerogenic (comparative more aerogenic, superlative most aerogenic)

more aerogenic (comparative)
most aerogenic (superlative)

(biology) Producing gas or air (used especially of some bacteria)


amaranthaceous

suffix

translingual <i class="Latn mention" lang="mul">Amaranthaceae</i>

(botany) Belonging to the family Amaranthaceae of amaranths and goosefoots.


carduaceous

(botany) Belonging to the Carduaceae of plants.


betulaceous

(botany, relational) Of or relating to the Betulaceae.


placodermian

Furtheron the ancient agnathian and the placodermian fishes disappeared.

1984, Nikita Alekseevich Bogdanov, Palaeontology: proceedings of the 27th International Geological Congress, Moscow 4-14 August 1984:

Many organisms were affected including conodonts, ammonoids, echinoderms, trilobites, ancient agnatian and placodermian fishes, continental plant communities, ostracodes, […]

2008, Tom McCann, The Geology of Central Europe: Precambrian and palaeozoic:

It mainly affected pelagic and hemipelagic organisms (e.g. conodonts, ammonoids, echinoderms, trilobites, ancient agnathan and placodermian fishes), […]

2014, A. Gąsiewicz, M. Słowakiewicz, Palaeozoic Climate Cycles: Their Evolutionary and Sedimentological Impact:

(zoology) Of, or relating to, prehistoric armoured fishes in the paraphyletic class Placodermi.


dipnoid

The dipnoid fishes, which, as we have already seen, attained their maximum of development in the Devonian epoch, show us clearly enough how such a transition probably took place, […]

1918, Arthur Dendy, Outlines of Evolutionary Biology:

A concurrent elimination of sharks from fresh waters, with a countercurrent increase in the dipnoid and ganoid lungfishes, readily can be demonstrated.

1941, Clair Arthaud Hannum, Comparative Chordate Anatomy: A Laboratory Text:

During the Carboniferous some species of dipnoid fish had 30 million years to evolve into reptiles, unless new discoveries may point to other origins for reptiles.

2014, Pietro Gaietto, Phylogenesis of Beauty:

(zoology) Of, or relating to, lungfishes in the class Dipnoi.


semivoltine

(biology) Less than univoltine; having a brood or generation less often than once per year.

semivoltino

less than univoltine; having a brood or generation less often than once per year


anauxotelic

(botany) Having the characteristic that growth does not continue beyond the flowering region.


auxotelic

(botany) Having the characteristic that growth continues beyond the flowering region into a leafy shoot.


diderm

(biology) (of bacteria) Having two cell membranes.


aneusomaty

Environmental stress-induced inter and intra individual variability in chromosome number, aneuploidy and aneusomaty were early found in D.

2015 September 23, “Molecular Cytogenetic Analysis of Deschampsia antarctica Desv. (Poaceae), Maritime Antarctic”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(genetics) Chromosome variation within an individual organism.


ectobiont

(biology) Any organism fixed to the outside of the host's body


glucometabolic

This work provides the context for continued mechanistic studies of the CX3CL1 pathway, in concert with other chemokines, on glucometabolic as well as cardiovascular traits, specific interrogation of human chemokine genetics in these traits and the potential for development of novel therapies targeting these pathways.

2015 September 23, “Metabolic Effects of CX3CR1 Deficiency in Diet-Induced Obese Mice”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) Relating to the metabolism of sugars


pycnomorphic

(cytology) Having a compact arrangement of stainable parts


paedogamy

(biology) The reproduction of some protists by the fusion of gametes that have the same parent.


sporamin

en-noun

sporamin (countable and uncountable, plural sporamins)

Much less is known too in terms of the interactions of nematode feeding and the KPIs. In transgenic studies, over-expression of the sporamin gene from sweet potato in sugar beet did reduce the growth and development of the sugar beet cyst nematode, H.

2015 September 23, “Transcription of Biotic Stress Associated Genes in White Clover ( Trifolium repens L .) Differs in Response to Cyst and Root-Knot Nematode Infection”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) A storage protein found in the tubers of sweet potato


stagnophilous

This small (up to 100 mm in total length) stagnophilous species [27 ] was widely distributed in the marshy habitats of the Danube drainage basin from Vienna to the delta, and in the lower reaches of Dniestr drainage basin [28 ], prior to river regulation (Fig 1b ).

2015 September 23, “Population Genetic Patterns of Threatened European Mudminnow ( Umbra krameri Walbaum, 1792) in a Fragmented Landscape: Implications for Conservation Management”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biology, of fish) That prefer to live in pools and similar stagnant water


biophysiochemical

Whilst it is possible that assay bias has occurred due to differences in soil biophysiochemical properties between the high and low prevalence site, previous seeding experiments into soil from the low-prevalence site have not provided evidence of assay inhibition.

2015 September 24, “Environmental Attributes Influencing the Distribution of Burkholderia pseudomallei in Northern Australia”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biology, physiology, chemistry) biophysiological and chemical


cephalosporinase

Resistance to β-lactams is mainly due to enzymatic degradation by a chromosomal cephalosporinase, plasmid-mediated broad spectrum β-lactamases, and recently acquired carbapenemases [4, 6, 7, 9 –14 ].

2015 September 24, “In Vivo Evolution of Bacterial Resistance in Two Cases of Enterobacter aerogenes Infections during Treatment with Imipenem”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that hydrolyses (the lactam ring of a ) cephalosporin


gluzincin

(biochemistry) Any of a particular class of metalloprotease containing glutamic acid and zinc


hyainailourid

Hyaenodontid pterygoids are generally less developed ventrally and posteriorly than hyainailourid pterygoids (Fig 5, Feature 12; Table 1 ).

2015 September 24, “A New Large Hyainailourine from the Bartonian of Europe and Its Bearings on the Evolution and Ecology of Massive Hyaenodonts (Mammalia)”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(zoology) Any extinct mammal of the family Hyainailouridae


magnesiotropic

Moreover, the mRNA levels of magnesiotropic and calciotropic genes were examined in the large intestine and kidney by real-time PCR. Results Treatment with omeprazole significantly reduced serum Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ levels.

2015 September 24, “Dietary Inulin Fibers Prevent Proton-Pump Inhibitor (PPI)-Induced Hypocalcemia in Mice”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) Describing any material (especially a hormone) that is involved in the regulation of magnesium in the blood and in bone


micropredation

Indeed, while micropredation has been proposed for this alga [56 ] and observed for other Ostreopsis species preying on naked ciliates [57 ], predation on bacterial cells would require feeding strategies [53 ] not yet assessed for Ostreopsidaceae species.

2015 September 24, “Modelling the Stoichiometric Regulation of C-Rich Toxins in Marine Dinoflagellates”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biology) predation among microorganisms


ossiphagy

She concluded that the development of zigzag HSB in the hyainailourines correlates with ossiphagy.


angiokinase

We believe that this study could provide a basis for developing angiokinase inhibitors having high affinity for the epidermal growth factor receptor, from the pyrimidine scaffold.

2015 September 25, “Structure-Activity Relationship of Indole-Tethered Pyrimidine Derivatives that Concurrently Inhibit Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and Other Angiokinases”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that promotes angiogenesis


deglycosylase

To deglycosylate the WT hENT1 and ∆IL6, 100 μg of the proteins were incubated with 10 μl of the deglycosylase mix (NEB) at 37°C and analyzed by SDS-PAGE. Each experiment was performed in triplicate on different batches of oocytes.

2015 September 26, “The Role of Flexible Loops in Folding, Trafficking and Activity of Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporters”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyses the removal of glycosyl groups


fructosidase

Levansucrase expressed a specific fructosidase activity of 2.9 units per milligram (U mg -1 ), where 1 unit is defined as the amount of enzyme releasing 1 μmol of glucose per minute at a working temperature of 37°C and a sucrose concentration of 100 g L −1 at pH 6.0 (50 mM potassium phosphate buffer).

2015 September 26, “Valorization of Cheese and Tofu Whey through Enzymatic Synthesis of Lactosucrose”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) Any glycosidase that catalyses the hydrolysis of a fructoside


fructosyltransferase

The fructosyltransferase activity was 1.9 U mg −1, where 1 unit is the amount of enzyme required to perform the transfer of 1 μmol of fructose per minute at a working temperature of 37°C and a sucrose concentration of 100 g L −1 at pH 6.0 (50 mM potassium phosphate buffer).

(biochemistry) Any transferase that catalyses the transfer of a fructosyl group


melanoregulin

Two known binding partners of RDS fall into this category, calmodulin and melanoregulin, both of which are thought to regulate the fusogenic capability of RDS.

2015 September 26, “SNAREs Interact with Retinal Degeneration Slow and Rod Outer Segment Membrane Protein-1 during Conventional and Unconventional Outer Segment Targeting”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) A protein (and associated gene) that regulates the activity of melanosomes


metalloaminopeptidase

Interestingly, some of them contain chemical scaffolds already associated with other metalloaminopeptidase inhibitors, providing a further validation of the computational results.

2015 September 26, “Identification and Validation of a Potent Dual Inhibitor of the P . falciparum M1 and M17 Aminopeptidases Using Virtual Screening”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) Any metalloenzymatic aminopeptidase


transfructosylation

Nonetheless, to the best of our knowledge, the capacity of raffinose and stachyose to act as fructosyl donors in transfructosylation reactions catalyzed by the levansucrase of B.

(biochemistry) The transfer of fructosyl groups within or between molecules


xanthanolide

The data allowed us to hypothesize that miR6435 might play a role in the regulation of xanthanolide biosynthesis in X.

2015 September 26, “Differential microRNA Analysis of Glandular Trichomes and Young Leaves in Xanthium strumarium L. Reveals Their Putative Roles in Regulating Terpenoid Biosynthesis”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) Any of several glycosides containing xanthan.


multichaperone

The complex containing Cdc37 and p23 is thought to be the primary stable form, and the HSP70- and HOP-associated complex is another proteasome-targeting form that induces ubiquitin-proteasome degradation [45, 46 ]. 17-AAG is an ansamycin antibiotic that binds to HSP90 and inhibits the formation of the stabilized HSP90-client protein complex, resulting in the accumulation of the proteasome-targeting HSP90-based multichaperone.

2015 September 29, “The Inhibition of Heat Shock Protein 90 Facilitates the Degradation of Poly-Alanine Expanded Poly (A) Binding Protein Nuclear 1 via the Carboxyl Terminus of Heat Shock Protein 70-Interacting Protein”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) A chaperone consisting of multiple proteins


anchitheriine

La Retama preserves an abundant fossil fauna that includes gastropods and vertebrates such as chelonians, crocodiles, lagomorphs, rodents, several carnivorans, anchitheriine equids, rhinoceroses, gomphoteriid elephants, caenotheriids, suids, cervids and palaeomerycids.

2015 December 3, “Systematics and Evolution of the Miocene Three-Horned Palaeomerycid Ruminants (Mammalia, Cetartiodactyla)”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(zoology) Any member of the †Anchitheriinae, an extinct subfamily of equids.


kotalanol

Salacinol and kotalanol concentrations in the SRE powder were 4.17 ± 0.13 and 2.26 ± 0.12 μg/mg, respectively.

2015 December 3, “Improvement in Human Immune Function with Changes in Intestinal Microbiota by Salacia reticulata Extract Ingestion: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) A polyphenol found in the root bark of Salacia plants.


myrmecophytism

In many cases myrmecophytism has evolved multiple times in a single genus (e.g., Macaranga) and in other cases it has evolved in just one clade (i.e., Vachellia).

2015 December 3, “Fidelity and Promiscuity in an Ant-Plant Mutualism: A Case Study of Triplaris and Pseudomyrmex”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biology) The situation where a plant lives in association with a colony of ants.


DNP

DNP (countable and uncountable, plural DNPs)

dendroaspis natriuretic peptide
dendroaspis natriuretic peptide#English

(biochemistry) Initialism of dendroaspis natriuretic peptide.


fungalysin

(biochemistry) Any of a class of metallopeptidases found in mushrooms of the genus Coprinopsis.


glycoallergen

(biochemistry, immunology) Any glycoside allergen.


polysialyltransferase

Considering gene function, ST8SIA2 could be related to the putative pathological mechanism of both schizophrenia and BD. Animal studies have shown that the amount of polySia synthesized by polysialyltransferase encoded by ST8SIA2 is crucial during brain development [42, 43 ].

2015 September 30, “Association between ST8SIA2 and the Risk of Schizophrenia and Bipolar I Disorder across Diagnostic Boundaries”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) Any transferase that promotes polysialylation


rhodocytin

The maximum concentration of rhodocytin, a potent CLEC-2 agonist, resulted in release of approximately 60% 5-HT or PDGF, whereas CASMCs stimulated 20% release from WT platelets.

2015 September 30, “Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Stimulate Platelets and Facilitate Thrombus Formation through Platelet CLEC-2: Implications in Atherothrombosis”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) A protein found in venom of the viper Calloselasma rhodostoma


interintromission

In addition, we calculated the intromission ratio (number of intromissions/(number of intromissions+number of mounts) and the interintromission interval (time from first intromission to ejaculation (or last copulatory event if the male did not achieve ejaculation)/number of intromissions).

2015 December 4, “Silent or Vocalizing Rats Copulate in a Similar Manner”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biology) Between intromissions in sexual intercourse.


ovastacin

ovastacin (countable and uncountable, plural ovastacins)

(biochemistry) An astacin found in oocytes, involved in the hardening of the zona pellucida


pancreatogenesis

Importantly, markers of early pancreatogenesis (HNF4a, PROX1, FOXA2, PDX1) decreased between days 17 to 26 in both WT and ARX ko cells.

2015 December 4, “The Role of ARX in Human Pancreatic Endocrine Specification”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biology) The development of the pancreas.


paracopulatory

Several studies suggested that the emission of USVs by male rats induces paracopulatory behavior in females.

(biology) Designating female animal behaviour that stimulates a male to initiate sexual intercourse.


aristamere

(biology) One of the segments of an arista.


needleleaf

(botany) Used in the names of plants that have long narrow leaves.


rapsyn

Short for receptor-associated protein of the synapse.

(biochemistry) A protein believed to play a role in anchoring or stabilizing the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor at synaptic sites.


polygenically

(genetics, mathematics) In a polygenic manner.


EPP

(biology) Initialism of endplate potential.


entozoan

(zoology) Of or relating to the Entozoa.


planozygote

Similar statistical tools were used to assess the positive and negative effects of salinity, inoculum size, and temperature on cyst and planozygote formation by A.

2015 December 5, “A Kinetic and Factorial Approach to Study the Effects of Temperature and Salinity on Growth and Toxin Production by the Dinoflagellate Alexandrium ostenfeldii from the Baltic Sea”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


peristimulus

For non-smoothing visualization of spiking dynamics, we applied the instantaneous interspike interval (ISI) method instead of the classical peristimulus time histogram (PSTH) to avoid both arbitrariness of bin placement and the problem of bin width optimization.

2015 December 5, “Compass Cells in the Brain of an Insect Are Sensitive to Novel Events in the Visual World”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biology) Around the time of a stimulus, when neurons fire.


monophenolase

Then the inhibitory effects of the three compounds on monophenolase activity of tyrosinase were also determined.

2015 October 1, “Synthesis of Triazole Schiff’s Base Derivatives and Their Inhibitory Kinetics on Tyrosinase Activity”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of simple phenols


choriogenin

Among these six tissues, the intestine showed the highest space response with 10 genes categorized as oxidation–reduction processes (gene ontogeny term GO:0055114), and the expression levels of choriogenin precursor genes were suppressed in the ovary.

2015 October 2, “Histological and Transcriptomic Analysis of Adult Japanese Medaka Sampled Onboard the International Space Station”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) Any of a group of proteins that are precursors to the formation of the chorion of an egg


depensation

To do so, the Allee effect intensity (i.e., the number of spawners that effectively participate in reproduction) is modelled as a function of the river basin watershed area wa j through the parameters η and θ (Table 1 ) with depensation intensity positively correlated to parameter η and negatively correlated to parameter θ.

2015 October 2, “The Combined Use of Correlative and Mechanistic Species Distribution Models Benefits Low Conservation Status Species”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(ecology) A decrease in the breeding population and thus of offspring


melibionic acid

(biochemistry) A disaccharide formed from glucose and gluconic acid


sulfokine

(biochemistry) A pentapeptide (tyrosine - isoleucine - tyrosine - threonine - glycine) with a sulfate group attached to each of the two tyrosine moieties


metabotype

Interestingly, we found that these time-resolved metabotypes were discriminated into five distinct clusters.

2015 December 8, “Metabolomic Responses of Guard Cells and Mesophyll Cells to Bicarbonate”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biology) A metabolic type; the kind of metabolism that an individual has.


forisome

This statement is supported by in-vitro experiments data where extracted forisomes responded to application of aphid salivary compounds.

2015 December 8, “Application of Brown Planthopper Salivary Gland Extract to Rice Plants Induces Systemic Host mRNA Patterns Associated with Nutrient Remobilization”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) Any of a class of proteins occurring in the sieve tubes of Fabaceae.


interbarb

During fieldwork we observed that both species of mites usually lie along the rachis of the feather, and do not occupy the sides of the barbs (except in highly parasitized hosts), suggesting that the body length should match the interbarb width.

2015 December 10, “Niche Partitioning of Feather Mites within a Seabird Host, Calonectris borealis”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


meizothrombin

meizothrombin (usually uncountable, plural meizothrombins)

From Ancient Greek μείζων (meízōn, “greatet”) + thrombin.

affix

(biochemistry) A particular intermediate in thrombin metabolism.


scatterhoard

en-verb

scatterhoard (third-person singular simple present scatterhoards, present participle scatterhoarding, simple past and past participle scatterhoarded)

scatterhoards (present singular third-person)
scatterhoarding (participle present)
scatterhoarded (participle past)
scatterhoarded (past)

The situation is more complex for rodents, which eat some seeds but scatterhoard others in conditions that may aid germination and establishment.

2015, Stephen H. Jenkins, Tools for Critical Thinking in Biology, page 210:

(biology, ambitransitive) To hoard food in multiple caches in different locations.


larderhoard

larderhoard (third-person singular simple present larderhoards, present participle larderhoarding, simple past and past participle larderhoarded)

larderhoards (present singular third-person)
larderhoarding (participle present)
larderhoarded (participle past)
larderhoarded (past)

(biology, ambitransitive) To hoard food in a small number of relatively large caches, often defended.


paracoccin

(biochemistry) A lectin found in Paracoccidioides brasiliensis.


balsaminaceous

(botany) Belonging to the Balsaminaceae.


bombacaceous

(botany) Belonging to the now disused family Bombacaceae (now the much-reduced subfamily Bombacoideae in Malvaceae).


caesalpiniaceous

(botany) Belonging to the family Caesalpiniaceae, now usually subfamily Caesalpinioideae, of peacock flowers and close relatives.


capparidaceous

(botany) Belonging to the family Capparidaceae (preferred: Capparaceae) of capers and close relatives.


casease

(biochemistry) An exoenzyme that hydrolyzes casein.


cistaceous

(botany) Belonging to the family Cistaceae of rockroses.


cleome

(botany) Any flowering plant in the genus Cleome.


collinsia

(botany) Any member of the plant genus Collinsia.


crassulaceous

(botany) Belonging to the family Crassulaceae of succulents, principally herbaceous.


cornaceous

(botany) Belonging to the family Cornaceae of trees and shrubs including dogwoods and tupelos.


vitaceous

(botany) Of or relating to the family Vitaceae of vines including grape.


tetrastichous

(botany) Arranged in four vertical rows.


stenopetalous

en-adj

stenopetalous (comparative more stenopetalous, superlative most stenopetalous)

more stenopetalous (comparative)
most stenopetalous (superlative)


antiterminator

Our results demonstrated up-regulation of tagatose pathway genes, Leloir pathway genes, lactose-specific IIA & IIBC component encoding genes (lacF2and lacE2), and the lacT gene, encoding a transcriptional antiterminator.

2015 October 3, “The Small Molecule DAM Inhibitor, Pyrimidinedione, Disrupts Streptococcus pneumoniae Biofilm Growth In Vitro”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that promotes antitermination


phosphocarrier

Similarly, expressions of the ptsH gene, encoding the phosphocarrier protein HPr, and the SPD_0082 gene, encoding a sensor histidine kinase, were down-regulated 1.6- and 1.4-fold, respectively.

(biochemistry) A class of cytoplasmic protein that is involved in the phosphorylation of sugars


strophomenid

(zoology) Any of the Strophomenida, a large extinct order of articulate brachiopods.


pentastomid

(zoology) Any member of the Pentastomida, an enigmatic group of parasitic invertebrates


transrepress

en-verb

transrepress (third-person singular simple present transrepresses, present participle transrepressing, simple past and past participle transrepressed)

transrepresses (present singular third-person)
transrepressing (participle present)
transrepressed (participle past)
transrepressed (past)

(transitive, biology) To repress by means of transrepression.


automethylation

The Metnase SET domain is not only responsible for dimethylation of H3K36 [3, 6 ] but also crucial for automethylation at K485 within the catalytic pocket [8 ].

2015 October 6, “The SET Domain Is Essential for Metnase Functions in Replication Restart and the 5’ End of SS-Overhang Cleavage”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) methylation of a protein catalysed by the protein itself


oligomannoside

(biochemistry) An oligomer containing mannoside moieties


mannoside

(biochemistry) Any glycoside of mannose.


trimannose

Exogenous glucocerebrosidase is administered intravenously into patients and glucocerebrosidase preparation currently involves either extraction directly from human placenta or recombinant expression in CHO cells (Cerezyme ® ), which requires in vitro post-purification exoglycosidase digestions to unravel the trimannose core (Man 3 GlcNAc 2 ) using a combination of sialidase, galactosidase, and N-acetylglucosaminidase.

2015 October 6, “Biochemical Characterization of Human Anti-Hepatitis B Monoclonal Antibody Produced in the Microalgae Phaeodactylum tricornutum”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


camallanid

(zoology) Any nematode of the family Camallanidae.


caudipterid

It is also consistent with the exhibition of less resting forelimb flexion in Caudipteridae than in other feathered theropods, because caudipterid forelimbs are shorter than those of most other feathered dinosaurs, eliminating the possibility of contact between feathers and the ground, hence also eliminating the need for tight forelimb folding.

2015 December 17, “Resting Orientations of Dinosaur Scapulae and Forelimbs: A Numerical Analysis, with Implications for Reconstructions and Museum Mounts”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(zoology) Any of the †Caudipteridae, a family of oviraptorosaurian dinosaurs.


dodecaploid

(genetics) Having twelve complete sets of chromosomes in a single cell.


dodecaploid

dodecaploids (plural)
duodecaploid (alternative)

(biology) A cell that has twelve complete sets of chromosomes.

(biology) An organism whose cells have twelve complete sets of chromosomes.


mystacocarid

(zoology) Any member of the Mystacocarida, a subclass or order fo the maxillopods.


thermosbaenacean

In the case of leptostracans, brooding takes place ventrally between the mother’s thoracopods, which form a large basket holding the developing embryos, while brooding in thermosbaenaceans takes place dorsally under an enlarged part of the carapace, and that of isopods take place ventrally in a marsupium formed, probably, by modified thoracopodal epipods.

2015 December 19, “Naupliar and Metanaupliar Development of Thysanoessa raschii (Malacostraca, Euphausiacea) from Godthåbsfjord, Greenland, with a Reinstatement of the Ancestral Status of the Free-Living Nauplius in Malacostracan Evolution”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(zoology) Any member of the Thermosbaenacea, a group of crustaceans found in thermal springs.


zugunruhe

Borrowed from German Zugunruhe, from Zug (“move, migration”) and Unruhe (“anxiety, restlessness”).

(ornithology, zoology) Anxious behaviour in migratory animals, especially in birds, experienced at the beginning of the normal migration period.


hepatokine

(biochemistry) Any of several cytokines found in the liver


bioscavenger

The exact physiological function of BChE remains elusive, although it acts as an endogenous bioscavenger for anticholinesterase agents.

2015 October 8, “New Insights into Butyrylcholinesterase Activity Assay: Serum Dilution Factor as a Crucial Parameter”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


dehybridization

(botany) The production of genetically stable offspring from an F1 hybrid


erigeron

(botany) Any member of the plant genus Erigeron.


glomerulogenesis

Expression of MAP1B during glomerulogenesis in newborn rat kidney.

2015 October 9, “Microtubule Associated Protein 1b (MAP1B) Is a Marker of the Microtubular Cytoskeleton in Podocytes but Is Not Essential for the Function of the Kidney Filtration Barrier in Mice”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


intercodon

Both have (i) slippery sequences (SS) of the form X XXY YYZ (U UUU UUA for HIV-1 and G GGA AAC for PEG10), (ii) different intercodons [26 ] (GGG and UCC respectively), (iii) distinct secondary structures (SStr) (extended stem-loop for HIV-1 and pseudoknot for PEG10), and (iv) the SStr start is within the intercodon in HIV-1, whereas it is two nucleotides downstream of the intercodon in PEG10. […] The different slippery sequences, intercodons, and downstream secondary structures facilitated a frameshift efficiency that was ~2.5-fold higher for PEG10 than for HIV-1 (Fig 1 ).

2015 October 9, “HIV-1 and Human PEG10 Frameshift Elements Are Functionally Distinct and Distinguished by Novel Small Molecule Modulators”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(genetics) The sequence of nucleic acid between specific codons


cleithrum

From Ancient Greek κλεῖθρον (kleîthron).

The secondary arch consists of four pieces of bone, the posttemporal, supracleithrum, cleithrum and postcleithrum.[…]The cleithrum is the largest piece and the other elements are attached to it.

1993, J. J. Videler, Fish Swimming, Springer, page 66:

The main components of which are, from dorsal to ventral, the post-temporal, supracleithrum, cleithrum and the postcleithra.[…]The cleithra of either side of the body are connected with the pharyngeal jaw apparatus and with the urohyal by the bilateral pharyngocleithralis musculature and the median sternohyoideus muscle.

2000, Melanie L. J. Stiassny, “Chapter 6: The Skeletal System”, in Gary Kent Ostrander, editor, The Laboratory Fish, Academic Press, page 116:

In Ichthyostega (Figs 5.2, 5.11), Acanthostega (Fig. 5.20), and also in Hynerpeton (Fig. 5.28C, D) and Ventastega, the cleithrum was relatively reduced, though it was still a substantial dorsally extensive blade.

2012, Jennifer A. Clack, Gaining Ground: The Origin and Evolution of Tetrapods, 2nd edition, Indiana University Press, page 212:

(ichthyology) A large bone in fishes, which extends upward from the base of the pectoral fin and anchors to the cranium above the gills, forming the posterior edge of the gill chamber.


xerotolerant

en-adj

xerotolerant (comparative more xerotolerant, superlative most xerotolerant)

more xerotolerant (comparative)
most xerotolerant (superlative)

(biology) Capable of thriving in a dry environment.


xerotolerance

(biology) Ability to thrive in a dry environment.


brachysm

From Ancient Greek βραχύς (brakhús, “short”); compare brachy-.

Some forms of disordered growth have been recognized in the United States, such as tomosis or leafcut, and brachysm or shortening of the internodes of the fruiting branches.

1916, US Bureau of Plant Industry, Report of the Chief, page 23:

In teosinte there is no such indication of brachysm, all branches having elongated internodes. The first indication of the contamination of teosinte with maize is in the direction of brachysm, as instanced by a shortening of the pistillate rachis, resulting in displacing the alignment of the seeds and a shortening also of the lateral vegetative branches.

1924, Journal of Agricultural Research, volume 27, page 578:

The intermittent brachysm of line 59 was recessive to the non-brachytic, normal condition.

1957, Proceedings of the American Society for Horticultural Science, volume 70, page 102:

(botany) Unusually small size resulting from the shortening of internodes.


solanderiid

This conflicts with the data on modern solanderiids, which are exclusively marine.

2015 December 24, “Enigmatic Fossils from the Lower Carboniferous Shrimp Bed, Granton, Scotland”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(zoology) Any of the family Solanderiidae of cnidarians within the class Hydrozoa.


cerapodan

(zoology) Any dinosaur in the clade Cerapoda.


ascomatal

Hand sections of the ascomatal wall were studied in 3% KOH. All measurements were made in Melzer’s reagent.

2015 December 24, “Phylogenetic Reconstruction of the Calosphaeriales and Togniniales Using Five Genes and Predicted RNA Secondary Structures of ITS, and Flabellascus tenuirostris gen. et sp. nov.”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


heptanucleotide

Van Belkum et al. report one example of a heptanucleotide 5’-GTGATTA-3’ in Helicobacter pylori.

2015 December 23, “Investigation of a Quadruplex-Forming Repeat Sequence Highly Enriched in Xanthomonas and Nostoc sp.”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(genetics) A codon containing seven nucleotides.


trochelminth

(zoology, obsolete) Any member of the Trochelminthes.


species complex

en-noun

species complex (plural species complexes)

(biology, taxonomy) A group of closely related species so similar in appearance that the boundaries between them are often unclear.


hexapody

hexapody (countable and uncountable, plural hexapodies)

From hexa- + -pody, from Ancient Greek ἑξα- (hexa-, “six”) and πούς, ποδός (poús, podós, “foot”).

(zoology, uncountable) The property of being a hexapod; six-leggedness.


hardware disease

From the fact that in cattle it is usually caused by hardware such as a piece of wire or a fastener (e.g., fence wire, nail, screw).

(animal husbandry, veterinary medicine) Traumatic gastrointestinal puncture and infection in ruminants (especially cattle) and birds that ingest a sharp object (in livestock usually a metal object such as wire or a fastener); in cattle it usually includes reticuloperitonitis and thus in practice is usually metonymically synonymous with traumatic reticuloperitonitis.


hadrosauriform

Clipping of translingual Hadrosauriformes

clipping

translingual <i class="Latn mention" lang="mul">Hadrosauriformes</i>

(zoology) Belonging to the Hadrosauriformes.


hadrosauriform

(zoology) Any ornithopod dinosaur in the Hadrosauriformes.


alkaloidiferous

en-adj

alkaloidiferous (comparative more alkaloidiferous, superlative most alkaloidiferous)

more alkaloidiferous (comparative)
most alkaloidiferous (superlative)

(botany) Containing, or yielding alkaloids


peptase

en-noun

peptase (countable and uncountable, plural peptases)

(biochemistry) A form of pepsin obtained from malt.


peptidolysis

(biochemistry) The cleavage or digestion of peptides.


abmigrate

en-verb

abmigrate (third-person singular simple present abmigrates, present participle abmigrating, simple past and past participle abmigrated)

abmigrates (present singular third-person)
abmigrating (participle present)
abmigrated (participle past)
abmigrated (past)

(intransitive, ornithology) To take part in abmigration.


halocyprid

This genus exemplifies some of the prevailing taxonomic uncertainties in halocyprids.

2016 January 6, “Identification, Discrimination, and Discovery of Species of Marine Planktonic Ostracods Using DNA Barcodes”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(zoology) Any ostracod in the order Halocyprida.


cophyline

(zoology) Any member of the Cophylinae, a subfamily of microhylid frogs.


dicroglossid

(batrachology, zoology) Any member of the Dicroglossidae, a family of frogs.


cryophilous

en-adj

cryophilous (comparative more cryophilous, superlative most cryophilous)

more cryophilous (comparative)
most cryophilous (superlative)

This warming is also implied by the decreasing percentage of cryophilous pollen taxa like Ericaceae and climbing trend of the δ 18 O curve in other paleoclimate records of the East Asia ^([sic]) (Fig 6), when the summer insolation is increasing.

2016 January 6, “Vegetation and Climate Change during the Last Deglaciation in the Great Khingan Mountain, Northeastern China”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(zoology) Thriving at a low temperature.


pristiophoriform

(zoology) Any sawshark of the order Pristiophoriformes


simarubaceous

(botany) Belonging to the family Simaroubaceae of tropical and subtropical trees.


Zinj

(informal, paleoanthropology, dated) The original specimen of Paranthropus boisei, then known as Zinjanthropus.


superregeneration

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-superregeneration.wav

(biology) The regeneration of more tissue than what is removed or damaged, such as in the production of supernumerary digits and amputated limbs within the urodele amphibians.

It seems probable that this is a case of 'superregeneration'. As is well known, the tail of Plethodon is very easily detached. A study of the tissues of this tail gives evidence which, though not unquestionable, leads me to believe that it is relatively younger than the more anterior parts of the body. The experiments of Tornier ('97) and others in producing similar abnormalities by cutting off the tails of salamanders give added probability to this view.

1894, Tufts College, Tufts University, Tufts College Studies, Tufts College, Medford, The College, page 388:

At the time Bateson’s book was written, however, little or nothing was known regarding the origin of supernumera y appendages in either the arthropods or the vertebrates. Since then a large amount of experimental evidence has accumulated to show that they may be formed by superregeneration, especially by regeneration from complex or irregular wound surfaces.

1904, Ross Granville Harrison, William Keith Brooks, Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, American Society of Zoologists, The Journal of Experimental Zoology, Wiley-Liss, page 94:

Functional disturbances of the brain might give us the explanation here, just as material disturbances may serve to explain superregeneration in spite of all vitalism.

1905, Charles Scribner’s Sons, The Approach to Philosophy, Harvard University Press, page 225:

Superregeneration. Includes eternal youth.

2012 January 29, “You choose a superability and I will find a fault in it”, in reddit.com:

(biology, rare) Extreme, superhuman regeneration.


zoothome

From (combining form of) Ancient Greek ζῷον (zôion, “animal”) and Ancient Greek θωμός (thōmós, “heap”).

(zoology, archaic) A number of coral polyps on a branch of coral.


mesotherm

The large terrestrial and marine reptiles of the Mesozoic were likely mesotherms, which maintained high body temperatures by virtue of their large size and whose metabolism approached that of endotherms.

2016 January 16, “Gigantism and Its Implications for the History of Life”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(zoology) An animal that adjusts its body to a metabolically favourable temperature using a context-dependent balance of internal metabolically-produced heat and external-environmentally derived heat.

(botany) A plant that thrives in moderate temperatures.


alismataceous

(botany, relational) Of or relating to the Alismataceae.


aquifoliaceous

(botany) Belonging to the Aquifoliaceae.


endobenthos

(ecology) benthic organisms that live buried or burrowing in the sediment, often in the oxygenated top layer


bryophyllum

/ˌbɹaɪəˈfɪləm/

(botany) Any of the genus Bryophyllum of plants in the family Crassulaceae.


kobresia

Alpine meadows, primarily composed of Sichuan kobresia (Kobresia setchwanensis) made up a smaller proportion of the tree-line mosaic.

2016 January 20, “Effects of Supplementary Feeding on the Breeding Ecology of the Buff-Throated Partridge in a Tibetan Sacred Site, China”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(botany) Any member of the genus Kobresia of plants in the sedge family.


salviniaceous

(botany) Belonging to the family Salviniaceae.


sarcosaprophagous

(zoology) Feeding on dead or decaying flesh.


schefflera

(botany) Any of the genus Schefflera of flowering plants in the family Araliaceae.


semiconservatively

(genetics) In a semiconservative fashion.


sidalcea

(botany) Any of the genus Sidalcea of checkerblooms or checkermallows.


regucalcin

en-noun

regucalcin (countable and uncountable, plural regucalcins)

It is hypothesized that regucalcin might have a role in regulation of calcium mediated signaling or in inhibiting calcium-mediated defenses in plant cells in response to herbivory.

2016 January 21, “Insight into the Salivary Gland Transcriptome of Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois)”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) A calcium-binding protein that is preferentially expressed in the liver and kidney and may be associated with aging.


preen oil

preen oil (countable and uncountable, plural preen oils)

(ornithology) Oil produced by the uropygial gland in birds, used in preening.


scale leaf

An individual flower that is subtended by a scale leaf at its junction with the stem of a plant; a rudimentary leaf.

(botany) A small flat leaf resembling a scale, such as on many conifers.

(botany) A small modified leaf, especially a colorless membranous one, such as on a rhizome or forming part of a bulb.


lepidosaurian

Additionally, some 143 studies utilized vertebrates as study organisms, with 30% evaluating lepidosaurians (i.e., snakes, lizards, amphisbaenians, Tuatara), whereas another 30% assessed amphibians.

2016 January 28, “Deconstructing a Species-Complex: Geometric Morphometric and Molecular Analyses Define Species in the Western Rattlesnake ( Crotalus viridis )”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(zoology) Any member of the Lepidosauria.


xenophagy

(entomology) A categorical change in diet, such as a herbivore becoming carnivorous.

(microbiology) The process by which a cell directs autophagy against pathogens.


halophily

(biology) The ability to live and thrive in an environment of high salinity.


heterogonic

(biology) Describing a parasite whose life cycle is alternated with that of free-living generation


endodormancy

A comparative GO analysis revealed that oxidation-reduction process (biological process) and ATP binding (molecular function), were overrepresented during the ecodormancy period (EP) when compared to the endodormancy deepest period (DP), indicating that ATP synthesis was activated during the transition between these dormancy stages.

2015 October 10, “Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of the Less-Dormant Taiwanese Pear and the Dormant Japanese Pear during Winter Season”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biology) dormancy brought about by internal (rather than environmental) factors


uncongressed

Analysing the presence of uncongressed chromosomes in metaphase cells showed a dose dependent increase in cells with congression defects following splitomicin and glipizide treatment […]

2015 October 10, “A Semi-Supervised Approach for Refining Transcriptional Signatures of Drug Response and Repositioning Predictions”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


danthonia

(botany) Any of the genus Danthonia of Eurasian, North African, and American grasses.


metalloelastase

metalloelastase (countable and uncountable, plural metalloelastases)

(biochemistry) An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of soluble and insoluble elastin.


extracytosolic

Albumin receptors megalin and cubilin both possess long extracytosolic domain floating in the urinary space.

2015 October 15, “Akt Links Insulin Signaling to Albumin Endocytosis in Proximal Tubule Epithelial Cells”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


nonexpresser

Recently, the receptors for SA were identified in Arabidopsis thaliana and named as nonexpresser of PR genes (NPR) 3 and 4 [5 ].

2015 October 15, “Plant Hormone Salicylic Acid Produced by a Malaria Parasite Controls Host Immunity and Cerebral Malaria Outcome”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(genetics) Something that does not express genes


thalassochorous

Similarly, the Gulf Stream could potentially transport thalassochorous diaspores to the Azores, but few representatives from North America (e.g. Calystegia soldanella and Calystegia sepium ssp.

2015 October 15, “On the Limited Potential of Azorean Fleshy Fruits for Oceanic Dispersal”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biology) dispersed by means of thalassochory


tyrosination

tyrosination (countable and uncountable, plural tyrosinations)

They include posttranslational modifications such as tyrosination, acetylation and glutamylation, as well as MT growth, pausing and shortening.

2015 October 15, “A Cilia Independent Role of Ift88/Polaris during Cell Migration”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) modification by reaction with tyrosine


cleptohematophagy

In the present study, we used a device to physically separate infected and uninfected nymphs to prevent cleptohematophagy.

2015 October 16, “Revisiting Trypanosoma rangeli Transmission Involving Susceptible and Non-Susceptible Hosts”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biology) feeding on the contents of intestines


biospeleology

(biology) The biology of organisms that live in caves


innerweb

When closed, the tail appears dark brown, as the central pair of tail feathers have no or only avery little white at the base of the innerweb (12–18mm) which is in any case obscured by the uppertail-coverts.

(ornithology) (of a plumage) an inner web


outerweb

Tail brown (except for central and outermost feathers) tipped broadly with white, outermost feathers white with brown outerweb.

2010, Peter Clement, Ren Hathway, Thrushes:

(ornithology) (of a plumage) an outer web


heterolecithal

(biology) Having the yolk unevenly distributed within the cytoplasm


oligolecithal

(biology) Having a small amount of yolk in the cytoplasm


homolecithal

(biology) Having the yolk evenly distributed within the cytoplasm


lichenization

lichenization (usually uncountable, plural lichenizations)

lichenizations (plural)
lichenisation (alternative)

(lichenology) The process by which a fungus becomes a mycobiont of a lichen.


humanin

(biochemistry) A polypeptide that has neuroprotective and cytoprotective properties.


pectocellulose

pectocellulose (countable and uncountable, plural pectocelluloses)

(obsolete, biochemistry) A form of cellulose once thought to be a component of pectin.


horotely

(biology) Evolution of an organism at a normal rate.


tachytely

Thus tachytely is intimately associated with Simpson's original model of quantum evolution — and quantum evolution is usually, if not solely, implicated in the origin of taxa of relatively high categorical rank […]

1989, Niles Eldredge, Macroevolutionary dynamics: species, niches, and adaptive peaks, page 25:


polycladous

From poly- + Ancient Greek κλάδος (kládos, “shoot, branch”) + -ous.


respirasome

(biology) A supramolecular structure formed by the assembly of enzymes of the mitochondrial respiratory chain.


saproxylophagous

(biology) That lives in, or feeds on, decaying wood


phytoclimatic

(ecology) Of or relating to the relationship between climate and the distribution of plants.


holophyletic

The bees have long appeared to constitute a holophyletic unit.

2000, Charles Duncan Michener, The Bees of the World - Volume 1, →ISBN, page 55:

Cladistics aims to identify holophyletic groups (clades) comprising all the descendants of a common ancestor.

2008, Brian McGowran, Kenneth George Denbigh, Biostratigraphy: Microfossils and Geological Time, →ISBN, page 119:

McCafferty and Edmunds (1979) divided all mayflies into Pannota and Schistonota, regarding Pannota to be holophyletic, and Schistonota to be paraphyletic.

2013, Nikita Kluge, The Phylogenetic System of Ephemeroptera, →ISBN, page 1:

(biology) Forming a clade; monophyletic.


iresine

(botany) Any of the genus Iresine of flowering plants in the amaranth family.


ambiregnal

(taxonomy, of a protist) Classified into the taxonomic schemes of two different kingdoms of life simultaneously, either as Protozoa and Algae or as Protozoa and Fungi.


circumcellular

Circumcellular buildup of a foreign substance is typically not healthy for the cell.


pollinivore

/pɑˈlɪnəvɔːɹ/

Vittatina-type pollen grain from the gut of another pollinivore, Sojanidelia floralis Rasn., from the same locality, x1 200.

1997 May, Valentin A. Krassilov, “Environments”, in S. Golovach, L. Penev, editors, Angiosperm Origins: Morphological and Ecological Aspects, Sofia, Bulgaria: Pensoft Publishers, →ISBN, image caption, page 116:

Insects visiting flowers of H. spinosa can be divided into two guilds: nectarivores (small flies and ants) and pollinivores (bees and hoverflies), which differ in pollination attributes.

1999, Ecology Abstracts, volume 25, Bethesda, Md.: Cambridge Scientific Abstracts, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 107:

Adult pollen feeding is also highly probable for a number of Mesozoic polyphagan beetles (e.g., elaterids, buprestids, some cleroids) and some cupedoid archostematans. Thus by the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous the pollinivore guild was probably rich and diverse.

2006, V. V. Zherikhin, “General Features of Insect History. Ecological History of Terrestrial Insects.”, in Alexandr P[avlovich] Rasnitsyn, Donald L. J. Quicke, editors, History of Insects, New York, N.Y.: Kluwer Academic Publishers, →ISBN, page 353, column 1:

Bats have a wide range of eating habits. There are species that feed on insects (insectivores), fruits (frugivores), vertebrates (carnivores), pollen and nectar (pollinivores/nectar-feeding), and blood (hematophages).

2014, Gerardo Ceballos, Joaquín Arroyo Cabrales, David Vasquez, “Order Chiroptera”, in Gerardo Ceballos, editor, Mammals of Mexico, Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, →ISBN, page 667:

During the same time that A[pis] m[ellifera] adansonii encounters on flowers were registered, we noted the type of floral products collected by this bee. This parameter was measured to determine if A. m. adansonii is strictly a pollinivore, nectarivore or pollinivore and nectarivore. This could give us an idea of its implication as a cross-pollinator of G[ossypium] hirsutum.

2015, Mazi Sanda, “Foraging and Pollination Behaviour of Apis mellifera adansonii Latreille (Hymenoptera, Apidae) on Gossypium hirsutum L. (Malvaceae) Flowers at Dang (Naoundere, Cameroon)”, in Michel Fok, Ousmane Ndoye, Siaka Koné, editors, AGRAR-2013: 1st Conference of African Research on Agriculture, Food, and Nutrition. Yamoussoukro, Côte d'Ivoire, June 4–6, 2013. Agriculture and the Challenges of Food and Nutrition in Africa: The Contributions of Research in the Cotton Zone = AGRAR-2013 : 1re conférence de la recherche africaine sur l'agriculture, l'alimentation et la nutrition. Yamoussoukro, Côte d'Ivoire, 4–6 juin 2013. L'agriculture face aux défis de l'alimentation et de la nutrition en Afrique : quels apports de la recherche dans les pays cotonniers, Gembloux, Belgium: Les Presses Agronomiques de Gembloux, →ISBN, page 164:

(zoology) An animal that feeds on pollen; a palynivore.


pollinivory

(zoology) The consumption of pollen by animals.


pollinivorous

en-adj

pollinivorous (comparative more pollinivorous, superlative most pollinivorous)

more pollinivorous (comparative)
most pollinivorous (superlative)


homopurine

In DNA homopyrimidine 2 homopurine triplexes [64 ], the homopyrimidine strands are antiparallel.

2015 October 16, “Polyanionic Carboxyethyl Peptide Nucleic Acids ( ce -PNAs): Synthesis and DNA Binding”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(genetics) Describing a pairing of a purine with the same one on a neighboring strand of nucleic acid


homopyrimidine

In a recent paper on homopyrimidine decamers containing aeg-monomers and thymine monomers with a sulfomethyl substituent at the γ-position, similar triplexes has also been described [43 ].

(genetics) Describing a pairing of a pyrimidine with the same one on a neighboring strand of nucleic acid


homothymine

Additionally, this work presents the first synthesis of a homothymine polyanionic PNA α-oligomer ( 3 ).

(genetics) A homopyrimidine pairing in which the base is thymine


sternbergia

(botany) Any of the genus Sternbergia of Eurasian and North African plants in the Amaryllis family.


big five

(ecology) The five major extinction events since the beginning of life on Earth.


exonal

Since the average gene has a mean of 8.8 exons each a mean of 145 base pairs (bp) long, the average gene has a mean exonal sequence length of ~1,300 bp [40 ].

2015 October 17, “Analytical and Clinical Validation of a Digital Sequencing Panel for Quantitative, Highly Accurate Evaluation of Cell-Free Circulating Tumor DNA”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


nutriregulation

The nutrition model of food deprivation used in this study was a large challenge, so further studies should be performed with a diet that could be applied by livestock farmers in order to identify the nutriregulation of miRNA under breeding conditions.

2015 October 17, “Food Deprivation Affects the miRNome in the Lactating Goat Mammary Gland”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


protoorganism

protoorganisms (plural)
proto-organism (alternative)

This tree represents a complex “phylogeny” of macromolecules all within one ancestral lineage, before the proto-organism.

2013, Geoffrey Eglinton, Mary Teresa Joseph Murphy, Organic Geochemistry: Methods and Results:

(biology) An organism whose nature is so difficult to determine that it might be referred to either the animal or the vegetable kingdom.


group selection

/ɡɹuːp sɪˈlɛkʃən/

Although so-called “group selection” has enjoyed some increased followership of late, the overwhelming consensus among evolutionary biologists is that it is unlikely to be an important cause of evolution among nonhuman animals, for a number of reasons […].

2016, David P. Barash, Out of Eden, Oxford, page 164:

Ever since, students of evolution have been taught that group selection is possible in principle; it just happens that it can be ignored in practice. Generations of students have learned about group selection with the help of a Gary Larson 'Far […]

2007, Louise Barrett, Oxford Handbook of Evolutionary Psychology, Oxford University Press, USA, →ISBN, page 51:

(biology, evolution) A form of natural selection whereby traits that may be disadvantageous to the individual can be propagated when they are advantageous to the survival of a group as a whole.


moschiferous

moschiferous (comparative more moschiferous, superlative most moschiferous)

more moschiferous (comparative)
most moschiferous (superlative)


green-beard effect

From a hypothetical example used in Richard Dawkins' book The Selfish Gene (1976), whereby a person with a green beard acts altruistically towards other people with green beards.

(biology) A hypothesis in evolutionary biology that explains selective altruism among individuals of a species, involving preferential treatment of individuals with certain characteristics.


phylodiversity

en-noun

phylodiversity (countable and uncountable, plural phylodiversities)

From this rarefied dataset, alpha diversity was estimated in two ways using QIIME v1.8: observed species and phylodiversity.

2015 October 21, “Flea-Associated Bacterial Communities across an Environmental Transect in a Plague-Endemic Region of Uganda”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(ecology) The diversity of phyla in a habitat etc


transstadial

Interestingly, some studies suggested that vertical and transstadial transmissions of Bartonella species in Ixodes ticks, deer ked, and transplacental in rodent populations.

2015 October 21, “The Distribution and Diversity of Bartonella Species in Rodents and Their Ectoparasites across Thailand”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


homogenic

(genetics) (of a gamete or a population) Having only one allele of a gene or genes.


labriform

en-adj

labriform (comparative more labriform, superlative most labriform)

more labriform (comparative)
most labriform (superlative)


nepionic

nepionic (comparative more nepionic, superlative most nepionic)

more nepionic (comparative)
most nepionic (superlative)

From Ancient Greek νήπιος (nḗpios, “infant”) -n- + -ic.

A microspheric nucleoconch does not have an obvious deuteroconch, and is followed by a spiral nepionic stage, no matter what the adult chamber arrangement may be.

1954, Alan Hilder Smout, Lower Tertiary Foraminifera of the Qatar Peninsula, British Museum (Natural History), page 25:


autozooid

Pore density (PD) was measured by randomly placing a digital square with a side length of 200 μm over a photo of the frontal wall of an autozooid and counting the number of pores that lay completely within this square.

2015 October 22, “Diversity and Systematics of Schizomavella Species (Bryozoa: Bitectiporidae) from the Bathyal NE Atlantic”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


crestal

In the arrangement of the crestals Shinisaurus closely resembles Xenosaurus (in which genus, however, the crestals are blunt and resemble ornamental tack heads) […]

1955, Joel Asaph Allen, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, page 15:


cytidylyltransferase

The CDP-choline pathway can occur in all nucleated cells and is involved in producing PC from choline, ATP, CTP and diacylglycerol, catalyzed by the enzymes choline kinase, choline-phosphate cytidylyltransferase and diacylglycerol cholinephosphotransferase [44 ].

2015 October 22, “Influence of Development and Dietary Phospholipid Content and Composition on Intestinal Transcriptome of Atlantic Salmon ( Salmo salar )”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) Any transferase that transfers a cytidylyl group


endosedentary

Likewise, MYB genes have been identified in other plant species displaying resistance to endosedentary nematodes [67 ], which contributes to the assumption that some representatives of this TF family in A.

2015 October 22, “Root Transcriptome Analysis of Wild Peanut Reveals Candidate Genes for Nematode Resistance”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biology, of a parasite) That settles down within a host