bivoltine

Interestingly, a few oligoleges such as Calliopsis hesperia equina and C. helianthi are reportedly bivoltine (Rozen 1958).

(biology) Having two broods or generations in a year


bivoltine

bivoltines (plural)
bivoltin (alternative dated)

bivoltino

having two broods or generations in a year


multivoltine

(biology) Having several broods or generations in a year.


multivoltine

multivoltino

Having several broods or generations in a year


caducicorn

en-adj

caducicorn (comparative more caducicorn, superlative most caducicorn)

more caducicorn (comparative)
most caducicorn (superlative)

(zoology) Having deciduous horns or antlers.


calceiform

calceiform (comparative more calceiform, superlative most calceiform)

more calceiform (comparative)
most calceiform (superlative)

From Latin calceus (“calceus, footwear”) + English -form (“-shaped”) after the model of French calcéiforme.

(chiefly botany) Shoe-shaped, shaped like a shoe.


calciphilous

calciphilous (comparative more calciphilous, superlative most calciphilous)

more calciphilous (comparative)
most calciphilous (superlative)

(botany, of a plant) Suited to a calcareous soil


calciphobous

calciphobous (comparative more calciphobous, superlative most calciphobous)

more calciphobous (comparative)
most calciphobous (superlative)

(botany, of a plant) Not suited to a calcareous soil.


ectothermy

(biology) The condition of being ectothermic or cold-blooded; the maintenance of body temperature using external heat.


conalbumin

(biology) One of the two major types of albumin found in egg white (the other being ovalbumin), which isolates and sequesters metallic contaminants in the egg white.


primeval soup

en-noun

primeval soup (usually uncountable, plural primeval soups)

(biology, evolutionary theory) The supposed liquid mixture of organic compounds which, under the influence of ultraviolet light, lightning etc., gave rise to the first self-replicating structures and, eventually, to life.

alkuliemi

mixture of organic compounds which gave rise to life


campodeiform

en-adj

campodeiform (comparative more campodeiform, superlative most campodeiform)

more campodeiform (comparative)
most campodeiform (superlative)

(zoology) Of, pertaining to, or resembling a member of the genus Campodea of arthropods.


canaliferous

(zoology, of the shell of a mollusc) Having a canal.


cancroid

cancroid (comparative more cancroid, superlative most cancroid)

more cancroid (comparative)
most cancroid (superlative)
cancroide (alternative)

(evolutionary theory, zoology) Resembling a crab


antrorse

antrorse (comparative more antrorse, superlative most antrorse)

more antrorse (comparative)
most antrorse (superlative)

From Latin antrorsum, contracted form of *anteroversum, from anterior (“before”) + versum (“turned”), corresponding to English antero- + -verse.

(biology) Curved or pointed forward or upward.


capsuliferous

capsuliferous (comparative more capsuliferous, superlative most capsuliferous)

more capsuliferous (comparative)
most capsuliferous (superlative)


catenulate

(botany, zoology) In the form of a chain of linked parts


caudiform

caudiform (comparative more caudiform, superlative most caudiform)

more caudiform (comparative)
most caudiform (superlative)


caulicle

Borrowed from Latin cauliculus (“little stalk”). Doublet of cauliculus.

bor+

(botany) A small stalk or stem, especially the rudimentary stalk of a seed embryo


caulicolous

(botany) That grows parasitically on the stems of other plants


cauliferous

From caulis + -ferous, or directly from New Latin caulifer, cauliferus.


caulocarpous

en-adj

caulocarpous (comparative more caulocarpous, superlative most caulocarpous)

more caulocarpous (comparative)
most caulocarpous (superlative)

(botany) Bearing flowers and fruit on the stem or branches from year to year (as ordinary shrubs and trees)


cavicorn

cavicorn (comparative more cavicorn, superlative most cavicorn)

more cavicorn (comparative)
most cavicorn (superlative)


cavicorn

(zoology) Any animal having hollow horns


cellulifugal

(cytology, neurology) That carries nerve impulses away from a neuron.


cellulipetal

(cytology, neurology) That carries nerve impulses towards a neuron.


certation

(botany) Competition in the pollination behaviour of genotypes.


promastigote

(biology) A stage in unicellular life-cycle, typically trypanosomes, where the flagellum is anterior of the nucleus, and free from the cell body.


epimastigote

(biology) A stage in unicellular life-cycle, typically trypanosomes, where the flagellum is anterior of the nucleus, and attached the cell body by a short membrane.


opisthomastigote

(biology) A stage in unicellular life-cycle, typically trypanosomes, where the flagellum is posterior of the nucleus, and passes through a groove in the cell body.


trypomastigote

(biology) A stage in the unicellular life cycle, typically of trypanosomes, where the flagellum is posterior of the nucleus, and connected to the cell body by a long undulating membrane.


wayfinding

And that difference in style is often cast as being part of the basis of gender differences in wayfinding. People say that women are more likely to navigate with landmarks and men are more likely to navigate using the cardinal directions.

2009 July 8, Kristi Oloffson, “Why We Get Lost”, in Time, retrieved 2014-05-09:

These built‐in features in the natural and man‐made environment are the passive tools of wayfinding. The best places and spaces are rich with these integrated attributes that foster orientation, understanding, and self‐guiding.

2015, Chris Calori, David Vanden-Eynden, Signage and Wayfinding Design:

New signage is being installed to enhance wayfinding and USB sockets are being added in the main concourse area and Platform 8's waiting area.

2021 October 6, “Network News: Upgrades start at Cardiff Central”, in RAIL, number 941, page 24:

(biology) The ability of a person or animal to orientate oneself and to navigate; the process used by a person or animal for orienting oneself and navigating.


chylocaulous

From German chylocaul (from chyl- + Ancient Greek καυλός (kaulós, “stem”)) + English -ous.

(botany) Having fleshy / succulent stems


encephalization

encephalizations (plural)
encephalisation (alternative)

The answer to this will determine the encephalization quotients of the two types of early hominids, which is an important indicator of relative "braininess," an issue that is now up for grabs.

1998 June 12, Dean Falk, “PALEONTOLOGY: Hominid Brain Evolution: Looks Can Be Deceiving”, in Science, volume 280, number 5370, →DOI:

It is believed that the encephalization of early Homo was made possible by the consumption of energy- and nutrient-rich animal foods to "pay" for its metabolically expensive brain.

1999 January 15, Matt Sponheimer, Julia A. Lee-Thorp, “Isotopic Evidence for the Diet of an Early Hominid, Australopithecus africanus”, in Science, volume 283, number 5400, →DOI, pages 368–370:

The time spent in REM sleep is not correlated with learning ability across humans, nor is there a positive relation between REM sleep time or intensity and encephalization across species.

2001 November 2, Jerome M. Siegel, “The REM Sleep-Memory Consolidation Hypothesis”, in Science, volume 294, number 5544, →DOI, pages 1058–1063:

(biology) The amount of brain mass exceeding that related to an animal's total bodymass.


circumnutate

en-verb

circumnutate (third-person singular simple present circumnutates, present participle circumnutating, simple past and past participle circumnutated)

circumnutates (present singular third-person)
circumnutating (participle present)
circumnutated (participle past)
circumnutated (past)

(botany) to bend in a direction that is continuously moving in a horizontal direction


circumscissile

(botany) Describing any seed-vessel that splits along a circumference, with the upper part coming off as a lid.


cirrigrade

/ˈsɪɹɪɡɹeɪd/

From cirri- + -grade (“means of walking”).

(zoology) moved or moving by means of cirri


citrovorum factor

From the obsolete nomen dubium Leuconostoc citrovorum.

(biochemistry) The active form of folic acid


coleopterology

suffix

translingual <i class="Latn mention" lang="mul">Coleoptera</i>

(entomology) The scientific study of beetles.


nauplius

]
Borrowed from New Latin Nauplius (former genus name) (coined by Danish naturalist Otto Friedrich Müller (1730–1784) who mistakenly thought the larvae were a separate genus of animal), from Latin nauplius (“argonaut, paper nautilus (genus Argonauta)”), from Ancient Greek ναύπλιος (naúplios, “type of shellfish”), from ναῦς (naûs, “ship”) + πλέω (pléō, “to sail”); compare Latin Nauplius (“mythological king of Euboea”), from Ancient Greek Ναύπλιος (Naúplios, “mythological founder of the city of Nauplia (Nafplio), a son of Poseidon and Amymone”).
The plural nauplii is from Latin nauplius + -iī (plural of -ius).

cog

The oval body, with the abdomen not yet differentiated, and bearing no limbs; the (usually) three pairs of limbs, representing the first and second antennæ and mandibles of the adult, together with the single eye, are the distinguishing characteristics of the nauplius stage.

1870 November 16, A[lpheus] S[pring] Packard, “The Development of Limulus Polyphemus”, in Memoirs of the Boston Society of Natural History, volume II, Boston, Mass.: Boston Society of Natural History, published 1872, →OCLC, page 163:

Here is an embryo, or young form, which has just escaped from the egg, and is hurrying off seawards to "see life," without doubt, and to begin life in earnest as well. You now behold a little body, which, roughly described, we shall say has a triangular shape. It has a tail behind, and the shield or "shell" with which the little body is covered, is prolonged in front and at its side-angles or corners into spines or horns. Three pairs of feet, or appendages that resemble these organs, are possessed by the infant barnacle, the two hinder pairs being forked at their tips and provided with long bristles. A single eye appears in front of the two foremost "feet;" and a mouth, stomach, and intestine are discovered within this little body. Thus provided within and without, this little Cyclopean creature swims merrily through the sea. In this stage it is universally named the Nauplius.

1877, Andrew Wilson, “Some Animal Histories”, in Robert Brown, editor, Science for All, volume I, London, Paris, New York, N.Y.: Cassell, Petter, Galpin & Co., →OCLC, page 80, column 1:

Fairy-shrimps are primitive crustaceans, most of which live in temporary ponds, roadside ditches, or marshes that dry up in sumer. They lay thick-walled eggs that withstand summer drying and winter freezing, lying dormant in the mud until they hatch out as naupliuses when wetted by the first heavy spring rain.

1987, Ralph [Morris] Buchsbaum, Mildred Buchsbaum, John Pearse, Vicki Pearse, “Lobsters and Other Arthropods: Crustaceans”, in Animals without Backbones, 3rd edition, Chicago, Ill., London: University of Chicago Press, →ISBN, page 345:

It is not certain that phaseluses are trilobites and not naupliuses of crustaceans or an extinct group of arthropods that has yet to be recognized.

1997, Roger L[eroy] Kaesler, editor, Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology: Part O, Arthropoda 1, Trilobita Revised, revised edition, volume 1 (Introduction, Order Agnostida, Order Redlichiida), Boulder, Colo.: Geological Society of America; Lawrence, Kan.: University of Kansas, →ISBN, page 187, column 2:

The copepod nauplii concentrations were significantly different among stations and by depth (Appendices 3 and 4).

2001, Naureen A. Qureshi, Nancy N. Rabalais, “Distribution of Zooplankton on a Seasonally Hypoxic Continental Shelf”, in Nancy N. Rabalais, R[obert] Eugene Turner, editors, Coastal Hypoxia: Consequences for Living Resources and Ecosystems (Coastal and Estuarine Studies; 58), Washington, D.C.: American Geophysical Union, →ISBN, page 72:

I suggest that several species of nauplioids hybridized with representatives of several groups of arthropods to give them nauplius larvae. […] The occurrence of nauplius larvae in crustacean taxa appears to be almost random, and it bears little relationship to adult morphology or to evolutionary history. This is consistent with the proposal that nauplii were acquired independently and at various times, and it challenge the widely held view that nauplii played a fundamental role in crustacean evolution.

2003, Donald I[rving] Williamson, “Arthopods”, in The Origins of Larvae, revised edition, Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, →ISBN, page 172:

Only nauplii that are attracted to the light at the top of the hatching tank should be collected, since these are the healthy ones.

2007, Aquaculture Management and Conservation Service, Fisheries and Aquaculture Management Division, FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department, “Pre-spawning Procedures”, in Improving Penaeus monodon Hatchery Practices: Manual Based on Experience in India (FAO Fisheries Technical Paper; 446), Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, →ISBN, section 3.13.2 (Nauplii), page 47:

The taxonomic distribution of nauplii within Crustacea raises questions, however, about the evolution of a nonfeeding but swimming nauplius from an embryonized nauplius. Most malacostracans lack a free nauplius stage. Euphausiaceans and dendrobranchiate shrimp, which hatch as nonfeeding nauplii, are the exceptions. Inferred phylogenies of malacostracans imply that either the ancestor lacked a free nauplius and free nauplii subsequently evolved again, or that egg nauplii evolved multiple times[…].

2018, Richard R. Strathmann, “Larvae and Direct Development”, in Gary A. Wellborn, Martin Thiel, editors, Life Histories (The Natural History of the Crustacea; 5), New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 158:

(zoology) A crustacean larva that has three pairs of locomotive organs (corresponding to antennules, antennae, and mandibles), a median eye, and little or no segmentation of the body.


decloak

en-verb

decloak (third-person singular simple present decloaks, present participle decloaking, simple past and past participle decloaked)

decloaks (present singular third-person)
decloaking (participle present)
decloaked (participle past)
decloaked (past)


clavicorn

From Latin clavus (“key”) + cornu (“horn”).

(zoology) Having antennas shaped like clubs; used especially of the Clavicornes group of beetles


coadunate

en-adj

coadunate (comparative more coadunate, superlative most coadunate)

more coadunate (comparative)
most coadunate (superlative)

The verb is first attested in 1607, the adjective in 1839; borrowed from Latin coadūnātus, perfect passive participle of coadūnō (“to unite, collect or join into one”), see -ate (adjective-forming suffix) and -ate (verb-forming suffix).

(botany) Closely joined (by growing together).


coagulin

(biochemistry) Any substance having the ability to coagulate foreign proteins


glome

Borrowed from Latin glomus (“a ball”). Compare globe.

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-glome.wav


rumex

(botany) Any plant of the genus Rumex; a dock or sorrel.


electromotility

(biology, physics) motility (of hairs etc) caused by changes in electric charge


lichenometry

In lichenometry, a lichen is presumed to grow radially at a specific, constant rate: this rate is used to estimate the age of the largest lichen on a rock surface, and thus the length of time the rock has been exposed.

The sophistication of approach to lichenometry has increased markedly in the last decade or two.

2004, Jean M. Grove, Little Ice Ages: Ancient and Modern, Volume 1, 2nd edition, Taylor & Francis (Routledge), page 7:

Lichenometry is a surface-exposure dating method that uses lichen-growth rates to infer the age of young ([a] few thousand years old or younger) glacial landforms, typically bouldery deposits such as moraines.[…]Several approaches have been employed to measure lichens, and a distinct advantage of lichenometry over other techniques is its simplicity (Bradwell, 2009).

2011, Jason P. Briner, “Dating Glacial Landforms”, in Vijay P. Singh, Pratap Singh, Umesh K. Haritashya, editors, Encyclopedia of Snow, Ice and Glaciers, Springer, page 177:

Lichenometry is a dating method which is based upon the direct relationship between lichen diameter and age.

2012, Matti Saarnisto, “I.4: Time-scales and dating”, in B. Huntley, T. Webb III, editors, Handbook of vegetation science, Volume 7: Vegetation history, Kluwer Academic, page 102:

(archaeology, paleontology, geomorphology) A geomorphic method of geochronologic dating that uses lichen growth to determine the age of exposed rock.

lichenometrie

geochronologic dating method that uses lichen growth


polyleucine

(biochemistry) Any polypeptide (or segment of a protein) consisting of leucine moieties only


mediportal

mediportal (comparative more mediportal, superlative most mediportal)

more mediportal (comparative)
most mediportal (superlative)

Mediportal animals include the bison, elephant, and rhinoceros.

(biology) Of an animal, physically adapted to spend a substantial amount of time moving slowly over land, usually with a heavy body weight, but also having some characteristics conducive to quick movements when needed.


graviportal

graviportal (comparative more graviportal, superlative most graviportal)

more graviportal (comparative)
most graviportal (superlative)

The giant tortoises are graviportal.

(biology) Of an animal, physically adapted only for moving slowly over land, due to a high body weight.


acronomic

acronomic (comparative more acronomic, superlative most acronomic)

more acronomic (comparative)
most acronomic (superlative)

(biology) Of an animal, tending to live in settings high above the ground, such as tree tops, building ledges, or cliff faces.


gamophyllous

(botany) Composed of leaves or segments (e.g. perianth) united by their edges.


gametophore

(botany) in ferns, the bearer of sex organs


fire blight

en-noun

fire blight (countable and uncountable, plural fire blights)

fire blights (plural)
fire-blight (alternative)
fireblight (alternative)

Pear growers also often reported scab and fire blights as the most damaging diseases.

1949, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Information Bulletin, page xv:

This paper reports on the transformation of apple aimed on an improvement of resistance to fire blight. Fire blight is a serious disease, caused by the bacterium Erwinia amylovora, affecting apple, pear and other members of the Rosaceous family.

2003, Viola Hanke, Klaus Geider, Klaus Richter, “Transgenic Apple Plants Expressing EPS-depolymerase: Evaluation of resistance to the phytopathogenic bacterium Erwinia amylovora”, in Indra K. Vasil, editor, Plant Biotechnology 2002 and Beyond: Proceedings of the 10th IAPTC&B Congress, page 153:

A very serious bacterial disease in North America and Europe is fire blight, which can be most destructive to pears. In the past, fire blight led to big losses in the USA, destroying established pear orchards in one season.

2008, A. T. G. Elzebroek, Guide to Cultivated Plants, page 82:

(phytopathology) A bacterial plant disease, caused by Erwinia amylovora, that affects apples, pears and some other members of the Rosaceae family.


holarctic

It is also pertinent to note that the current obvious decline in work on holarctic hepatics most surely reflects a current obsession with cataloging and with nomenclature of the organisms—as divorced from their study as living entities.

1992, Rudolf M[athias] Schuster, The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America: East of the Hundredth Meridian, volume V, Chicago, Ill.: Field Museum of Natural History, →ISBN, page ix:

(biology) Distributed in a geographic range around the North Pole; restricted to Arctic regions.


cubitus

Learned borrowing from Latin cubitus. Doublet of cubit.

(entomology) One of the major veins of the insect wing, between the media and the postcubitus; the vein running along the dorsal edge of the discal cell.


elater

From New Latin elatēr, from Ancient Greek ἐλατήρ (elatḗr, “driver, that which drives away”).

der

The closest affinities of the Jubulaceae are with the Lejeuneaceae. The two families share in common: (a) elaters usually 1-spiral, trumpet-shaped and fixed to the capsule valves, distally[…]

1992, Rudolf M[athias] Schuster, The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America: East of the Hundredth Meridian, volume V, Chicago, Ill.: Field Museum of Natural History, →ISBN, page 4:

(botany) A long, slender cell produced among spores and having hygroscopic secondary cell wall thickenings.

(botany) Any of the long, slender hygroscopic appendages attached to the spores of horsetails (genus Equisetum).


calyptra

en-noun

calyptra (plural calyptras or calyptrae)

From Ancient Greek καλύπτρα (kalúptra, “covering or veiling”).

der

(b) sporophyte with foot reduced, the entire sporophyte enveloped by the calyptra, which is ± stipitate at the base.

(botany) In bryophytes, a thin hood of tissue that forms from the archegonium and covers the developing sporophyte and is shed as it ripens.

(botany) any cap-like covering of a flower or fruit, such as the operculum over the unopened buds of Eucalyptus flowers

(botany) Any of various coverings at the tips of structures, in the terminology of various authors; for example rootcaps and the apical cells of trichomes.

(entomology) In flies such as the housefly, Musca, in the taxonomic order Diptera, zoological section Schizophora, subsection Calyptrata, the calyptra is a membranous rearward extension of the forewing; it covers the haltere.


explanate

en-adj

explanate (comparative more explanate, superlative most explanate)

more explanate (comparative)
most explanate (superlative)

[…]it has been transformed, except in a few taxa where lobules are always explanate, into a galeate water-sac, which is formed wholly from the lobule, with the external surface from the adaxial leaf surface.


obpyriform

On fertilization, the archegonia form obyriform calyptrae that are distinctly narrowed at base to form a stalk or peduncle; this does not occur in other Hepaticae.

1992, Rudolf M[athias] Schuster, The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America: East of the Hundredth Meridian, volume V, Chicago, Ill.: Field Museum of Natural History, →ISBN, page 5:

(botany) Having a shape that is in outline like that of a pear, with the base at the narrower end.


bistratose

The capsule in both families is spherical, with a bistratose wall; the outer cell layer usually bears nodular thickenings[…]; the inner layer (of nearly equally large cells) lacks the regular semiannular or annular thickenings of most other leafy liverworts[…]

1992, Rudolf M[athias] Schuster, The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America: East of the Hundredth Meridian, volume V, Chicago, Ill.: Field Museum of Natural History, →ISBN, page 6:

(anatomy, botany) Composed of two cell layers.


emulsin

en-noun

emulsin (countable and uncountable, plural emulsins)

emulsins (plural)
emulsine (alternative)

(dated, biochemistry) A mixture of enzymes, extracted from bitter almonds, once used to hydrolyze glucosides.


lenticula

lenticula (plural lenticulas or lenticulae)

From Latin lenticula. See lenticel. Doublet of lentil.


leaf insertion

The Chilean Amphijubula Schust. (Schuster, 1970a) which has the facies of a small Frullania and agrees with Frullania in leaf insertion and branching, has a nontiered seta with 16 epidermal cell rows surrounding 4 inner rows.

(botany) In liverworts, the angle and orientation of the plane of the leaves with respect to the axis of the stem.


tarsometatarsus

(zoology) The large bone in the leg of a bird, or some bird-like dinosaurs, connected to the foot, homologous to the mammalian tarsus and metatarsus.


diplosegment

(biology) A fused pair of segments in some arthropods


menthaceous

en-adj

menthaceous (comparative more menthaceous, superlative most menthaceous)

more menthaceous (comparative)
most menthaceous (superlative)

(botany) mint-like (of genus Mentha, tribe Mentheae, or the obsolete family Menthaceae).


crenature

(botany) A rounded tooth or notch of a crenate leaf, or any part that is crenate; a crenelle.


columniferous

columniferous (comparative more columniferous, superlative most columniferous)

more columniferous (comparative)
most columniferous (superlative)


actino-

From Ancient Greek ἀκτίς (aktís, “ray”).

e.g. actinolite, actinomycete

e.g. actinogonidial, actinostele, actinomorphic

(biology) radial geometry, particular radial symmetry


margo

Learned borrowing from Latin margō. Doublet of marge and margin.

The colpi are bordered by prominent margos or lips. Тhe margo is separated from the remainder of the heavily sculptured surface by a narrow channel.

1969, Geological Survey Professional Paper, U.S. Government Printing Office, page 49:


response time

vasteaika

time between step change and instrument display update

Professor G. Fano (Florence), after accurately determining the "latent period," or "response time," following faradic stimulation of a given motor area

(biology, medicine) The period of time between the application of a stimulus and the associated response from a cell or tissue.

tiempo responsivo

time between stimulus and cell or tissue response


conceptacle

(phycology) A cavity in some marine algae that contains the reproductive organs.

(botany) A pericarp of one valve; a follicle.


capitulescence

(botany) A compound inflorescence made of capitula instead of individual flowers.


conchiferous

conchiferous (comparative more conchiferous, superlative most conchiferous)

more conchiferous (comparative)
most conchiferous (superlative)

/kɒŋˈkɪfəɹəs/

From Ancient Greek κόγχος (kónkhos, “shell”) + -i- + -ferous.

af

(biology) Having a shell (used especially of bivalve molluscs)


conchifragous

/kɒŋˈkɪfɹəɡəs/

(biology) Describing creatures that break into shells in order to feed.


subula

Leaves very densely crowded, […] upper extended into a subula, toothed at apex, wings recurved in upper part.

1870, Berthold Seemann, Journal of Botany, British and Foreign (volume 8, page 392)


truncus

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-truncus.wav

From Latin truncus. Doublet of tronk and trunk.


concolorate

(botany, zoology) Having a uniform colour


velarium

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-velarium.wav

(zoology) The marginal membrane of certain medusae belonging to the Discophora.


ferrugo

Borrowed from Latin ferrūgō (“iron rust”), from ferrum (“iron”).


spermiogenesis

en-noun

spermiogenesis (usually uncountable, plural spermiogeneses)

Expanding the introductory section to include definitions of indirect and direct development and generalized descriptions of spermiogenesis, oocyte maturation and cytological organization, and fertilization would also help de-mystify these subjects for many readers.

1998 June 19, Richard Emlet, “Developmental Diversity”, in Science, volume 280, number 5371, →DOI:

In wild-type spermatids, Hrb is associated with the cytosolic surface of proacrosomic transport vesicles that fuse to create a single large acrosomic vesicle at step 3 of spermiogenesis.

2001 November 16, Ningling Kang-Decker et al., “Lack of Acrosome Formation in Hrb-Deficient Mice”, in Science, volume 294, number 5546, →DOI, pages 1531–1533:

(biology) The final stage of spermatogenesis. It involves the maturation of the spermatids into spermatozoa.


perigonium

(botany) The sterile parts of a flower; collectively, the sepals and petals (or tepals); the perianth.

(botany) The modified leaves around the antheridia in a bryophytic plant.

(dated, zoology) The wall of the sporosac in a hydroid.


sporosac

(botany) A hydrozoan reproductive zooid or simple form of gonophore which does not become medusoid in form or structure

(zoology) An early or simple larval stage of trematode worms and some other invertebrates, which is capable of reproducing other germ cells by asexual generation; a redia.


gonophore

(botany) An elongated receptacle above the corolla to elevate the stamens and carpels.


conduplicate

(botany) Of leaves: folded (doubled) lengthwise.


conduplication

conduplication (countable and uncountable, plural conduplications)

(botany) An instance of being conduplicate


overgo

Mixtures of such specific "overgo" probes can be used to screen arrayed library filters by DNA-DNA hybridization [...].

1999, Birren & Green, Genome Analysis, page 207:

Hybridization of multiple overgoes produces many clones, perhaps 40 clones at a time.

2004, Detrich, Westerfield & Zon, The Zebrafish: Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, page 318:

(genetics) A sequence of overlapping oligonucleotides, used to design hybridization.


conferruminate

en-adj

conferruminate (comparative more conferruminate, superlative most conferruminate)

more conferruminate (comparative)
most conferruminate (superlative)

First attested in 1826; borrowed from Latin conferrūminātus, perfect passive participle of conferrūminō (“to cement”) (see -ate (verb-forming suffix) and -ate (adjective-forming suffix)), from con- + ferrūminō, from ferrūmen (“cement”) + -ō (verb-forming suffix).

af

The cotyledons of the live-oak acorn are conferruminate.

(botany) Closely united by the coalescence of contiguous faces.


pannicle

From Middle French pannicle, and its source, Late Latin panniculus (“membrane”), from Latin panniculus (“small rag”), from pannus (“cloth”).

(anatomy, zoology) A membrane of tissue in the body of a human or animal.


spongocoel

(zoology) The large central cavity of a sponge.


isogonic

en-adj

isogonic (comparative more isogonic, superlative most isogonic)

more isogonic (comparative)
most isogonic (superlative)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-isogonic.wav

(zoology) Exhibiting, or relating to, isogonism.


tettigoniid

/ˌtɛtɪˈɡəʊniɪd/

Representatives of the Mermithidae are the most common nematode parasites of tettigoniids, however spirurids and more rarely, subulurids and thelastomatids, also occur in some members of this family.

1975, George O. Poinar, Entomogenous Nematodes: A Manual and Host List of Insect-nematode Associations:

(zoology) Any member of the family Tettigoniidae, the katydids or bush-crickets.


type locality

(taxonomy) The location where a nomenclatural or name-bearing type was collected.


topotypical

(taxonomy, geology) Collected from the type locality.


developmental biology

en-noun

developmental biology (usually uncountable, plural developmental biologies)

Meronyms: embryology, fetology, teratology

(biology) The study of the physiological changes that occurs within individual organisms from their conception through reaching physical maturity.


percurrent

From Latin percurrens, present participle of percurrere (“to run or pass through”), from per (“through”) + currere (“to run”).

(botany) Running through the entire length; running through from top to bottom, as the midrib of a dicotyledonous leaf, the nerve of a moss-leas, or a grass-palet, etc.


kinetoplast

(microbiology) A disk-shaped mass of circular DNA inside a large mitochondrion, found specifically in protozoa of the class Kinetoplastea (kinetoplastids).


shigella

shigella (plural shigella or shigellas or shigellae)

shigella (plural)
shigellas (plural)
shigellae (plural)

After Kiyoshi Shiga, the Japanese bacteriologist who studied shigella.

(bacteriology) A bacterium in the genus Shigella, some kinds of which may cause a form of dysentery called shigellosis.


mannokinase

(biochemistry) A kinase, ATP:D-mannose 6-phosphotransferase


lamellicorn

From French lamellicorne, from Latin lamella (“a thin plate”) + cornu (“a horn”).

(entomology, of antennae) Having a group of flat lamellae on the end.

(entomology, of beetles) Having such antennae.


longicorn

From Latin longus (“long”) + cornu (“horn”). Compare French longicorne.

(zoology, obsolete) Of or relating to the Longicornia, an obsolete group of insects. Some are now classified as Cerambycidae (longhorn beetles).


merogony

merogony (usually uncountable, plural merogonies)

(biology) A form of asexual reproduction whereby a parasitic protozoan replicates its own nucleus inside its host's cell and then induces cell segmentation; a form of schizogony.


stygmergetic

(biology) Describing methods of indirect communication between organisms by modification of the environment


dicentra

(botany) Any of the plant genus Dicentra.


tenaculum

tenaculum (plural tenacula or tenaculums)


phosphoproteomics

(biochemistry) The proteomics of phosphoproteins.


phosphosite

(biochemistry, genetics) A site (on a protein etc) responsible for, or associated with, phosphorylation


adipokinin

(biochemistry) A hormone, from the anterior pituitary, that aids the mobilization of fat stored in adipose tissue


antinutrient

(biochemistry) Any substance that interferes with the absorption or metabolism of a nutrient

antinutrient

any substance that interferes with the absorption or metabolism of a nutrient


antinutritional

en-adj

antinutritional (comparative more antinutritional, superlative most antinutritional)

more antinutritional (comparative)
most antinutritional (superlative)

(biochemistry) Of or pertaining to an antinutrient


arabinofuranosidase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of an arabinofuranoside

arabinofuranosidase

any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of an arabinofuranoside


chitinase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that hydrolyzes chitin.


cucurbitacin

(biochemistry) Any of a class of bitter steroids, found in plants of the family Cucurbitaceae, that prevent them being eaten by herbivores.


cyanmethemoglobin

(biochemistry) A relatively non-toxic cyanide derivative of methemoglobin formed when amyl nitrite and sodium nitrite are used as antidotes to cyanide poisoning


deoxycytidylate

From deoxycytidyl + -ate (“salt or ester”).

(biochemistry) Any salt or ester of deoxycytidine.


tripus

Unadapted borrowing from Latin tripūs, from Ancient Greek τρίπους (trípous); doublet of tripod and teapoy. In the sense associated with Cambridge University, the Tripus is named after the three-legged stool on which he sat during the degree-awarding ceremony.

tripod

three-legged vessel in Greek and Roman antiquities

(zoology, in cypriniform fishes) The hindmost Weberian ossicle of the Weberian apparatus, touching the anterior wall of the swimbladder and connected by a dense, elongate ligament to the intercalarium.


hematobiochemical

haematobiochemical (alternative)
haemato-biochemical (alternative)
hemato-biochemical (alternative)

(biochemistry, medicine) Of or pertaining to the biochemistry of blood


homolysate

(biology) A lysate produced by homolysis


CCM

en-noun

CCM (countable and uncountable, plural CCMs)

carbon-concentrating mechanism
w:carbon-concentrating mechanism

(botany, biochemistry) Initialism of carbon-concentrating mechanism.


mannanase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of mannans


micropropagation

micropropagation (countable and uncountable, plural micropropagations)

(biology) The propagation of plant clones from a microscopic piece of tissue from a single plant


stomatocyte

(cytology) erythrocyte with an oval or rectangular central pallor.


transglycosidase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a sugar moiety between different glycosides


xylanolytic

en-adj

xylanolytic (comparative more xylanolytic, superlative most xylanolytic)

more xylanolytic (comparative)
most xylanolytic (superlative)

(biochemistry) Describing any substance (such as a xylanase) that can break down a xylan.


xylosidase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of a xyloside.


locomote

en-verb

locomote (third-person singular simple present locomotes, present participle locomoting, simple past and past participle locomoted)

locomotes (present singular third-person)
locomoting (participle present)
locomoted (participle past)
locomoted (past)

/ləʊkəˈməʊt/

‘Lucy and her kind did not locomote in anything like the modern human fashion,’ insists Tattersall.

2003, Bill Bryson, A Short History of Nearly Everything, BCA, published 2003, page 394:

(now chiefly biology) To move or travel (from one location to another).


metmyoglobin

(biochemistry) An oxidized form of myoglobin in which the iron atom has an oxidation state of +3


poration

en-noun

poration (countable and uncountable, plural porations)

(biology) The formation of pores in a surface, or the pattern of such pores.


marry-in

* (genetics): From the verb to marry in.
* (protest): From marry + -in.

(genetics) A person who is on a family tree because he has married someone on the tree, and is not related by blood to anyone on the tree except his own descendants.


diaphorase

(biochemistry) Any of a group of flavoprotein enzymes that catalyze the reduction of cytochrome and other similar compounds


didelphic

From Ancient Greek δύο (dúo, “two, di-”) + Ancient Greek δελφύς (delphús, “womb”) + -ic.

af

two, <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">di-</i>

In didelphic uterus the uterus above the cervix is divided into two separate cavities.

2006, Dr Thomas Stuttaford, “Condition that increases the risks in pregnancy”, in The Times:


neurobiochemistry

(biochemistry) The branch of neuroscience concerned with the biochemistry of the nervous system


sudanophilia

In this study the Cebus monkeys had very low levels of aortic sudanophilia.

2012, Robert A. Harris, Feeding and Nutrition of Nonhuman primates, page 165:

(cytology) An affinity for (and ability to be stained by) Sudan Red.


virgula

From Latin virgula (“twig; wand; scratch comma”), from virga (“branch; rod”) + -ulus (“-ule: forming diminutives”). As a dowsing rod, via virgula divina or divinatoria. Doublet of virgule.

der

(zoology) A small, thin, straight growth, particularly:

A small, thin, straight growth
The spines of a ray.

A small, thin, straight growth
The sicula of a graptolite.


metasomatic

(entomology) Of or pertaining to the metasoma.


mesocrystalline

(biology, biomineralogy) Having a material structure composed of numerous small crystals of similar size and shape, which are arranged in a regular periodic pattern


ss

(biochemistry) Abbreviation of single-stranded.


digitation

en-noun

digitation (countable and uncountable, plural digitations)

/dɪdʒɪˈteɪʃən/

(zoology, botany) Any of various finger-like processes (outgrowths) found in plant and animal tissues.


neotype

(taxonomy) A new specimen of a previously described species which, in order to maintain nomenclatural stability or solve doubtful or confusing identities, is designated to serve as the type specimen, possibly replacing a previous holotype or neotype

ネオタイプ

A new specimen designated instead of lost or problematic type


biorecognition

The determinant factors are in connection with: the nature of the molecular biorecognition layer of the biological traductor, the enzymatic activity of the whole system or even of the isolated enzymes (in a well-defined biosensor area or fixed on a polymeric membrane) and the concentration of the L-glutamate substrate.

2000, Romanian Journal of Biochemistry - Volumes 37-44, page 11:

(biology) biological recognition of specific chemical compounds, especially as part of the immune system


cyclofructan

(biochemistry) Any cyclic polymer of fructose


fructan

2000, Nordic Council of Ministers, Safety evaluation of fructans, TemaNord, page 17,
Fructans are also produced by algae, fungi and bacteria (Nelson & Smith, 1986) There is a substantial variation in both linkage types and number of carbohydrate monomers making up the fructans. The functionality, if any, of the different fructan structures is as yet not clear.

All the listed cultivars contain fructans in different amounts as reserve carbohydrate. Another source of fructans are caryopses of grasses and flours of wheat, rye, oat, and barley, which contain between 1 and 7% fructans, depending on the degree of fine milling and applied technological processing.

2003, Werner Praznik, Ewa Cieŝlik, Anton Huber, “13: Fructans: Occurrence and Application in Food”, in Piotr Tomasik, editor, Chemical and Functional Properties of Food Saccharides, CRC Press, page 197:

2010, Peter J. O'Brien, Cynthia Y. Feng, Owen Lee, Q. Dong, Rhea Mehta, Jeff Bruce, W. Robert Bruce, 7: Fructose-Derived Endogenous Toxins, Peter J. O'Brien, William Robert Bruce (editors), Endogenous Toxins: Targets for Disease Treatment and Prevention, Volume 1, Wiley (Wiley-VCH), page 176,
Fructose can also exist in the diet as fructans and dietary sugar alcohols. Fructans (fructo-oligosaccharides) are polymers of fructose molecules that are not absorbed by the intestine but are metabolized by anaerobic colonic bacteria.

(biochemistry) Any homopolysaccharide composed of fructose residues


cytoanalysis

(cytology) The analysis of cell samples, especially when used for diagnostic purposes


oligonucleosome

(genetics) A series of several nucleosomes


pyranoglucoside

(biochemistry) The pyranose form of a glucoside


microcephalin

(genetics, biochemistry) A protein and associated gene responsible for microcephaly.


minicontig

minicontigs (plural)
mini-contig (alternative)

(genetics) A fragment of DNA whose content is known, especially one of many such overlapping fragments that are analyzed in gene mapping


nonrecombining

(genetics) That does not undergo recombination


immunoadhesin

The study builds on previous research which has shown that immunoadhesins can prevent HIV from spreading to new cells and can also kill infected cells while leaving healthy cells alone..

1990 April 28, Kelly Gaines, “New Drug Fights Perinatal HIV Infection”, in Gay Community News, page 2:

(immunology, biochemistry) Any of a family of recombinant fusion proteins


adenylyltransferase

(biochemistry) Any of a group of enzymes that catalyze the transfer of adenylyl groups


alternifoliate

(botany) Having leaves that alternate on each side of a stem


intersegment

The intersegments are homologous to the transverse conjunctivae of the preabdomen. They are frequently equal in extent to the segments themselves, functioning as a membranous sheath for the inclusion of the segments when at rest, and acting as a telescopic extension for the lengthening of the ovipositor when in operation.

(zoology) A telescoping section of an ovipositor, between its main segments.


chelone

(botany) Chelone, a genus of four species of perennial herbaceous plants that are native to eastern North America.


coprophilic

en-adj

coprophilic (comparative more coprophilic, superlative most coprophilic)

more coprophilic (comparative)
most coprophilic (superlative)

(chiefly ecology) Enjoying contact with excrement.


meroblast

(biology) An ovum (egg) that has both germinal and nutritive parts


meroistic

(biology) Describing ovaries (especially of insects) that secrete nutritive (yolk) material as well as ova


meromyosin

(biochemistry) Either of the two subunits of myosin that are formed by the action of trypsin


meroplankton

en-noun

meroplankton (plural meroplanktons or meroplankton)

meroplanktons (plural)
meroplankton (plural)

(biology) Any organism that spends part of its life-cycle (especially the larval stage) as plankton


meropodite

(biology) A segment of the endopodite of a crustacean between the ischiopodite and the carpopodite


merosome

(biology) Any of the segments of a segmented animal


merostome

(biology) Any primitive arthropod of the subclass Merostomata.

míreastóm

biology: any primitive arthropod of the subclass Merostomata


merozoite

(biology) A protozoan cell, produced by a sporozoan by merogony, that may become either a meront or a gamont


merozygote

(biology) Any organism that is merodiploid


merocerite

(biology) A segment of the antenna of a crustacean between the ischiocerite and the carpocerite


merocyte

(biology) Any cell formed by division of a meroblastic ovum


merogamete

(biology) The gamete of a protist produced by schizogony


merogon

(biology) The part of an ovum that undergoes merogony


cecropin

(biochemistry) Any of a group of antimicrobial peptides that lyse bacterial cell membranes


cefotaximase

(biochemistry) A penicillinase specific to cefotaxime


comobilization

(genetics) The mobilization of two genes simultaneously


chymase

(biochemistry) Any of a family of serine proteases present in mast cells


cochaperone

cochaperones (plural)
co-chaperone (alternative)

(biochemistry) Any protein that regulates the activity of a chaperone.


reduction division

reduction division (countable and uncountable, plural reduction divisions)

(biology, genetics, cytology) the first of the two divisions of meiosis, a type of cell division.

diviziune reducțională

(biology, genetics, cytology) meiosis as a whole, a type of cell division.


leucism

(zoology, pathology) An animal condition in which there is partial loss of pigmentation resulting in white, pale, or patchy coloration of the skin, hair, feathers, scales or cuticle, but not the eyes (caused by a reduction in multiple types of pigment, not just melanin).


cotransformation

(biology) The simultaneous transformation of two marker genes


deproteination

(biochemistry) The elimination of protein from a biological structure


dimethyltransferase

(biochemistry) Any transferase enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of two methyl groups


heterogamy

heterogamy (usually uncountable, plural heterogamies)

(biology) The state of conjugating gametes that are different in size, structure and function.


galvanotropism

(biology) Any movement or alignment of an organism with respect to an electric field


integron

(genetics) A system of gene capture and dissemination


miniplasmid

(genetics) A plasmid that has been reduced in size


zygomycosis

zygomycosis (countable and uncountable, plural zygomycoses)

From Zygomycota (“obsolete phylum of fungi”) + -osis.

suffix

(pathology, mycology) An infection caused by bread mold fungi.


scrub bird

scrub birds (plural)
scrubbird (alternative)

(zoology) A shy, secretive, ground-dwelling passerine bird of the genus Atrichornis, found in Australia.


biomonitor

(biology, ecology) Any organism that provides quantitative information on the quality of its environment.


entomogenous

(biology) That grows in or on the body of an insect


glirid

(zoology) Any member of the family Gliridae of dormice.


myoxid

(zoology) Any member of the family Myoxidae of dormice (better known as the Gliridae).


sexlinked

(genetics, of an allele) Whose phenotypic expression is related to the chromosomal sex of the individual.


mycobiont

(lichenology) The fungus that is a component of a lichen


kongamato

From Kaonde [Term?] (literally “breaker of boats”).

der

[…] the kongamato like the olitiau is in the habit of diving at men crossing its territory — perhaps trying to drive them away […]

1958, Bernard Heuvelmans, On the tracks of unknown animals:

[…] swamp conceals a terrifying "lizard bird" called the kongamato.

2000, E. Randall Floyd, The world's 100 greatest mysteries: strange secrets of the past revealed:

When crossing rivers, some of them carried amulets that would protect them from a Kongamato.

2002, George M. Eberhart, Mysterious Creatures: A Guide to Cryptozoology, Volume 2:

Also described as being like a giant bat, the Kongamato has large teeth, red leathery skin, and a wingspan of four to seven feet.

2008, Oliver Ho, Mysteries Unwrapped: Mutants & Monsters:

(cryptozoology) A pterosaur-like cryptid of Africa.


hypomodification

en-noun

hypomodification (usually uncountable, plural hypomodifications)

(genetics) An abnormally small modification.


galactosan

(biochemistry) Any polysaccharide composed of galactose residues


luna moth

(entomology) A large, green American moth, Actias luna, that has crescent-shaped marks on its wings.


alliin

alliin (usually uncountable, plural alliins)

(biochemistry) A sulfoxide derived from cysteine, primarily responsible for the aroma of freshly chopped garlic.


alliinase

alliinase (usually uncountable, plural alliinases)

(biochemistry) An enzyme that converts alliin into allicin.

aliinase

an enzyme that converts alliin into allicin


nidicolous

en-adj

nidicolous (comparative more nidicolous, superlative most nidicolous)

more nidicolous (comparative)
most nidicolous (superlative)

(zoology) Tending to stay at the nest or birthplace for a long time after birth, due to dependence on the parents for feeding and protection.

neizhvagat

tending to stay at the nest or birthplace


guardee

(biochemistry) Any protein (involved in an immune system) that when modified by a pathogen becomes bound by a guard protein, precipitating the immune response


mesic

mesic (comparative more mesic, superlative most mesic)

more mesic (comparative)
most mesic (superlative)

From Ancient Greek μέσος (mésos). Compare with xeric and hydric.

(biology, of a habitat) Characterized by an intermediate degree of moisture, in between xeric (dry) and hydric (wet); somewhat moist.

(biology, of an organism) Adapted to a habitat of intermediate moisture.


mannosan

(biochemistry) A polysaccharide composed of mannose residues


phytelephantoid

(botany) Describing palms of the subfamily Phytelephantoideae, now considered to be the tribe Phytelepheae


hephaestin

From Hephaestus + -in, after the god of metalworking.

(biochemistry) An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of iron(II) state, Fe²⁺ to iron(III) state, Fe³⁺.


antinutritive

antinutritive (comparative more antinutritive, superlative most antinutritive)

more antinutritive (comparative)
most antinutritive (superlative)
anti-nutritive (alternative)


bioheat

(biology) biological heat (developed in living organisms)


dinocyst

(biology) A dormant zygotic stage of the life cycle of dinoflagellates


insulinase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that inactivates insulin


proanthocyanin

(biochemistry) Any glycoside of a proanthocyanidin


soldierless

...some of the more highly evolved cryptic termites are soldierless.

2006, Helmut König, Ajit Varma, Intestinal microorganisms of termites and other invertebrates:


isohydric

(botany) Describing plants that limit transpiration in order to maintain a constant amount of water in the leaves


nucleofugal

nucleofugal (comparative more nucleofugal, superlative most nucleofugal)

more nucleofugal (comparative)
most nucleofugal (superlative)

(biology) That moves away from a nucleus (of a cell etc)


polysialic acid

(biochemistry) A polymeric form of sialic acid that is involved in cell adhesion


nymphine

(entomology, rare, obsolete) Pertaining to a nymph or nymphs.


nymphid

M. nebulosus, the only nymphid so far described from New Guinea, is considerably larger than others of this genus, and is distinct on wing markings and (from those known) on male genitalic features.

1981, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Australian Journal of Zoology, volume 29, page 742:

Trichosors are probably plesiomorphic, being retained only by nymphids.

1992, Horst Aspöck, Mervyn W. Mansell, Current Research in Neuropterology: Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on Neuropterology, Bagnères-de-Luchon, Haute-Garonne, France, 24-27 June 1991, page 239:

This rarity seems to be a general feature of most nymphid species, only two of which - Nymphes myrmeleonides and Myiodactylus osmyloides - appear to be encountered with any regularity.

1998, Journal of Neuropterology, volumes 1-2, page 80:

Characteristically, the larvae hold their jaws open at very wide angles; some New World species resemble nymphids in being able to open their jaws beyond 270°.

2009, Catherine A. Tauber, Maurice J. Tauber, Gilberto S. Albuquerque, “Neuroptera (Lacewings, Antlions)”, in Vincent H. Resh, Ring T. Cardé, editors, Encyclopedia of Insects, page 701:

split-footed lacewing
split-footed lacewing

(zoology) Any winged insect of the family Nymphidae, a split-footed lacewing.


acetogen

(biology) Any organism that generates acetic acid or acetate as a product of acetogenesis.


acetogenesis

It is the opinion of Snoswell and co-workers that the balance between hepatic production of acetate and ketone bodies may be determined by the availability of carnitine, increased concentrations of this compound leading to decreased ketogenesis and increased acetogenesis (A. M. Snoswell, personal communication).

1977, G. David Baird, “Aspects of ruminant intermediary metabolism in relation to ketosis”, in Biochemical Reviews, page 819:

(biochemistry) The anaerobic production of acetic acid or acetate by bacteria.


alsterpaullone

(biochemistry) A particular cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor that induces apoptosis


ameloblastin

(biochemistry) A protein, formed in the ameloblasts, that is found in the enamel of teeth


amelotin

(biochemistry) A protein secreted by ameloblasts during tooth development


apocytochrome

(biochemistry) Any form of a cytochrome that is lacking the heme unit

apocitocromo

any form of a cytochrome that is lacking the heme unit


apomyoglobin

(biochemistry) A form of myoglobin that lacks a heme unit

apomioglobina

a form of myoglobin that lacks a heme unit


caveolin

(biochemistry) Any of a family of proteins associated with caveolae membranes


colipase

en-noun

colipase (countable and uncountable, plural colipases)

(biochemistry) A protein coenzyme secreted by the pancreas


enamelin

(biochemistry) Any of a family of proteins associated with the formation of dental enamel.


enamelysin

(biochemistry) A matrix metalloproteinase that is associated with the formation of dental enamel


glutaredoxin

glutaredoxin (usually uncountable, plural glutaredoxins)

(biochemistry) Any of a family of small redox enzymes that use glutathione as a cofactor.


homeoprotein

(biochemistry) Any protein that has a homeodomain.


lysophospholipase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolytic removal of a fatty acid from a lysophospholipid


conglutin

conglutin (countable and uncountable, plural conglutins)

(biochemistry) A form of legumin found in almonds, lupins, rye etc.


legumin

legumin (countable and uncountable, plural legumins)

legumins (plural)
legumine (alternative archaic)

From French légumine; equivalent to legume + -in.

1843, Dumas, Cahours, On the Neutral Nitrogenous Matters of Organisation, Charles Watt, John Watt (editors), The Chemist, Volume 4 (Volume 1 of New Series), page 51,
By evaporation, a substance of a gummy appearance, susceptible of redissolving in water, is obtained, and which possesses the composition of legumin, as is shown by the following numbers:

The legumin group includes edestin, glycinin, legumin from Vicia faba, arachin, and cocosin.

1976, Julius W. Dieckert, Marilyne C. Dieckert, Production of Vacuolar Protein Deosits in Developing Seeds and Seed Protein Homology: Genetic Improvement of Seed Proteins: Proceedings of a Workshop, page 39:

1991, A. H. Shirsat, 6: Control of gene expression in the developing seed, Don Grierson (editor), Developmental Regulation of Plant Gene Expression, Plant Biotechnology: Volume 2, page 158,
The 11S proteins of pea and soybean, the legumins and glycinins, have been extensively studied.

2001, I. G., Plashchina, T. A. Mrashkovskaya, A. N. Danilenko, G. O. Kozhevnikov, N. Yu. Starodubrovskaya, E. E. Braudo, K. D. Schwenke, Complex Formation of Faba Bean Legumin with Chitosan: Surface Chemistry and Emilsion Properties of Complexes, Eric Dickinson, Reinhard Miller (editors), Food Colloids: Fundamentals of Formulation, Royal Society of Chemistry, UK, page 298,
Contrary to the behaviour of legumin, complex formation with chitosan either decreases or does not affect both the enthalpy and entropy of legumin-T denaturation (Table 3).

(biochemistry, organic chemistry) Any of a group of globulins, resembling casein, found mostly in legumes and grains.


epitheca

Ancient Greek ἐπί (epí, “upon”) + θήκη (thḗkē, “case, box, receptacle”)

Cellariiform, the orifices nearly confined to the convex frontal and lateral surfaces; the basal surface with a strong median calcareous keel, almost concealed by a flat membranous epitheca, which covers the whole zoarium […]

1957, Sidney Frederic Harmer, The Polyzoa of the Siboga Expedition, page 1106:

(microbiology, planktology) The upper half of the theca of a thecate protist such as a diatom or dinoflagellate.


frustule

Borrowed from Latin frustulum, from frustum (“morsel”).

(botany) The siliceous shell of a diatom.


epithecal

The epithecal covering of the outer is annulated by low ridges and shallow grooves...Fine, close-set, concentric lines, probably representing lines of growth, are obscurely shown on a few of the better preserved portions of the epithecal surface.

1919, G.M. Ehlers, “New Species of Tetracoralla”, in The American journal of science, volume XLVIII:

(microbiology, planktology) Of or pertaining to the epitheca.


mesoporphyrin

(biochemistry) Any of several compounds produced from a protoporphyrin by protonation of its vinyl groups


metafectene

(biochemistry, genetics) A polycationic transfection reagent based on liposome technology


mistrafficking

(biochemistry) The incorrect trafficking of an enzyme or other protein


multikinase

(biochemistry) Used attributively to describe interaction with multiple kinases e.g. multikinase inhibitor


nucleolin

nucleolin (countable and uncountable, plural nucleolins)

(biochemistry) A eukaryotic nucleolar phosphoprotein that is involved in the synthesis and maturation of ribosomes.


nucleosol

(biology) The colloidal suspension of materials within a cell's nucleus


photoassimilate

(biochemistry) Any compound formed by assimilation of others under the action of light; especially such carbohydrates that are formed by photosynthesis


processome

(biochemistry) A complex of proteins associated with ribosome biogenesis.


stygofauna

(zoology) Any fauna that live within groundwater systems, such as caves and aquifers, particularly the small, aquatic groundwater invertebrates


spadetail

(biology, genetics) A mutation (and associated gene) affecting the trunk mesoderm in some fish embryos.


agonism

/ˈæɡ.əˌnɪz.əm/

From agon + -ism, from Latin agōn, from Ancient Greek ἀγών (agṓn, “contest”).

(biochemistry) The relationship between an agonist and a receptor.


caldendrin

(biochemistry) A particular calcium-binding protein


chemorepulsion

(biochemistry) The action of a chemorepulsant; negative chemotaxis


collapsin

(biochemistry) Any of a family of glycoproteins that inhibit regeneration of mature neurones


ectoprotein

(biochemistry) Any extracellular protein


holoreceptor

(biochemistry, physiology) A complete receptor whose subunits are capable of transducing intracellular signals


hormetic

(biology) Of or pertaining to hormesis or to a hormetin


microribonucleoprotein

(biochemistry) Any very small ribonucleoprotein


procoagulant

(biochemistry) Any of various precursors of the blood factors necessary for coagulation


stanniocalcin

(biochemistry) a polypeptide hormone that acts in kidney and gut to regulate calcium and phosphate


synectin

(biochemistry) A cytoplasmic domain-binding protein that inhibits cell migration


frataxin

(biochemistry) A class of protein found in mitochondria.


interresidue

(biochemistry) Between the residues (sections of amino acids) of a protein.


metalloactivation

(biochemistry) Activation of the metal-containing part of an enzyme.


prolylpeptide

(biochemistry) A region of a polypeptide or protein containing proline residues


mason shell

(zoology) carrier shell (family Xenophoridae)


polyhomeostatic

(biology) Describing the mutual interaction of multiple homeostatic systems


basidiolichen

(lichenology) Any lichen in which the fungus is a member of the Basidiomycota


electrotransfer

(biology, genetics) the use of electroporation to transfer genetic material into cells


ketoreductase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the reduction of a ketone


optineurin

(biochemistry) A protein that is associated with glaucoma


preaerobic

(biology) Describing life on Earth that evolved before there was oxygen in the atmosphere


amylin

(biochemistry) A pancreatic polypeptide hormone that is secreted with insulin by the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans, that is a major component of the amyloid deposits found outside beta cells in those affected with type 2 diabetes, and that inhibits the glucose synthesis stimulated by insulin in skeletal muscles.


antineutrophil

en-adj

antineutrophil (comparative more antineutrophil, superlative most antineutrophil)

more antineutrophil (comparative)
most antineutrophil (superlative)
anti-neutrophil (alternative)

(biology) That has staining characteristics that are opposite of neutrophils

antineutrófilo

that has staining characteristics that are opposite of neutrophils


geoecology

(geography, ecology) The interdisciplinary study of geography and ecology


hemidesmosome

(biology) A structure (half of a desmosome) on the basal surface of some cells


myofibroblast

(cytology) A cell that is intermediate between a fibroblast and smooth muscle


paraplegin

(biochemistry) A metalloprotease associated with paraplegia


phyllosphere

(biology) The above-ground surface of plants, viewed as a habitat for microorganisms


arylsulfatase

arylsulfatases (plural)
arylsulphatase (alternative)

(biochemistry) Any of a group of sulfatase enzymes.


ARSE

(biochemistry) Abbreviation of arylsulfatase E, an enzyme, deficiencies in which are associated with abnormalities in cartilage and bone development.


terminomics

(biochemistry) The study of the biochemical importance of terminal peptides in proteins, especially N-terminal peptides


scansorial

scansorial (comparative more scansorial, superlative most scansorial)

more scansorial (comparative)
most scansorial (superlative)

From Latin scansarius, from scansus, past participle of scandere (“to climb”).

scansorial claws

(zoology) Adapted to or specialised for climbing

The forelimbs of saltatory animals often resemble those of ambulatory or scansorial species, […]

2008, Brian Hall, Fins into Limbs: Evolution, Development, and Transformation, page 261:

(zoology) Habitually climbing; tending to climb


laminaribiose

(biochemistry) A particular disaccharide used in agriculture and as an antiseptic.


sophorose

(biochemistry) A disaccharide present in sophorolipid.


sambubiose

(biochemistry) A particular disaccharide.


gorgonopsid

(zoology) Any member of the suborder Gorgonopsia of therapsid synapsids.


brachyuran

From the infraorder Brachyura (the true crabs), + -an.


calcifediol

(biochemistry, pharmacology) A prehormone which is produced by hydroxylation of vitamin D₃ (cholecalciferol) in the liver.


synoecious

synecious (alternative)
synœcious (alternative)
synoicous (alternative)

Occasional plants of var. viridulus have a synoecious inflorescence but are otherwise typical of the variety.

1980, Anthony John Edwin Smith, Ruth Smith, The moss flora of Britain and Ireland, page 192:

(botany) With male and female organs in the same structure.


illicium

(ichthyology) The modified dorsal fin on the head of anglerfish, acting as a lure.


bioreporter

genetically engineered
genetically engineered

(biology) A genetically engineered microbial cell designed to produce a measurable signal in response to a specific chemical or physical agent in their environment


biosimulation

(biology, computing) The computer simulation of a biological system


paraoxonase

(biochemistry) Any of a group of enzymes that act as antioxidants


xyloketal

(biochemistry) The ketal form of a xylose.


lysergide

en-noun

lysergide (countable and uncountable, plural lysergides)

/lɪˈsɝˌd͡ʒaɪd/

From contraction of lysergic acid diethylamide.

(biochemistry, pharmacology) The International Nonproprietary Name of LSD.


tritocerebral

(entomology) Of or pertaining to the tritocerebrum.


quantum biophysics

(biology, physics) An interdisciplinary science that uses the methods of quantum physics and physical chemistry to study biological systems.


protandrous

(botany) Whose male parts (anthers) become mature before the female ones (stigma).

(botany) Whose male parts (antheridia) release their spermatozoids before the female parts (archegonia) mature.


monadelphy

(botany) Presence of monadelphous stamen.


diadelphous

From di- + Ancient Greek ἀδελφός (adelphós) + -ous.

(botany) Of a flower, or the plant bearing it: having the stamens fused together at least partly by the filaments so that they form two separate bundles, or a bundle and a lone separate stamen.


diadelphy

(botany) Presence of diadelphous stamen.


triadelphous

From tri- + Ancient Greek ἀδελφός (adelphós) + -ous.

(botany) Having its stamens fused together at least partly by the filaments so that they form three separate groups, some of which may contain a lone stamen.


tetradelphous

From tetra- + Ancient Greek ἀδελφός (adelphós) + -ous.

(botany) Having its stamens fused together at least partly by the filaments so that they form four separate groups, some of which may contain a single stamen.


pentadelphous

From penta- + Ancient Greek ἀδελφός (adelphós) + -ous.

(botany) Of a flower or plant: having its stamens fused together at least partly by the filaments so that they form five separate groups, some of which may contain a single stamen.


triadelphy

(botany) Presence of triadelphous stamen.


tetradelphy

(botany) Presence of tetradelphous stamen.


pentadelphy

(botany) Presence of pentadelphous stamen.


polyadelphy

(botany) Presence of polyadelphous stamen.


actinost

From New Latin, from Ancient Greek ἀκτίς (aktís, “ray”) + ὀστέον (ostéon, “bone”).

The second well-developed actinost is below the vertebra supporting the subcaudal blood-vessels, but that is not so strong proximally as the first; the ribs are not directed downwards, but backwards, and are entirely separated from each other.

1889, Dr. G. Baur, “On the morphology of ribs and the fate of the actinosts of the median fin in fishes”, in Journal of morphology, volume 3:

(ichthyology) A bone at the base of a paired fin (of a fish)


synanthery

(botany, uncommon) The property of being synantherous.


synantherous

(botany, uncommon) Having stamens that are fused by the anthers, usually with the filaments not being fused.


syngenecious

(botany, archaic or very rare) Alternative form of syngenesious.


synandrous

(botany) Having stamens fused along both their filaments and anthers.

(botany, rare) Having stamens fused together in any way.


synandry

(botany) Characteristic of a synandrous flower, or a plant bearing such.


basifixed

(botany) Of anthers: attached to the filament at the base and pointing away from the filament.


dorsifixed

(botany) Said of anthers that are attached to the filament somewhere along their back.


apicifixed

(botany) Said of anthers that are attached to the filament at the top and pointing back toward the filament like a hook.


medifixed

(botany) Of an anther group: attached to the filament at a point somewhere along the length of its connective.


latrorse

(botany) Said of anthers dehiscing laterally, neither toward nor away from the center of the flower.


zooflagellate

(microbiology) Any of the heterotrophic flagellates of the phylum Zoomastigophora


phocid

(mammalogy) Any member of the family Phocidae, the true seals


superpredator

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-superpredator.wav

From super- + predator. Sociology sense coined by John DiIulio in 1995.

(biology) A predator that eats other predators.


ULRR

(biochemistry) Initialism of upper limit of reference range.


amoebozoan

amoebozoan (plural amoebozoa or amoebozoans)

From international scientific vocabulary, reflecting New Latin combining forms, from Amoebozoa + -n. By surface analysis, amoebo- + -zoan.

(biology) Any protozoa of the kingdom (or phylum) Amoebozoa

classical compound
international scientific vocabulary


antirepressor

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that blocks or inactivates a repressor


archaeplastid

(biology) Any plant or alga of the taxon Archaeplastida


bromoperoxidase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that, in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, catalyzes the bromination of a hydrocarbon


ectocarpoid

(biology) Any brown alga of the order Ectocarpales


fucan

(biochemistry) A polymeric sulfate of fucose, found in some seaweeds


iodoperoxidase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that, in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, catalyzes the iodination of a hydrocarbon.


isobologram

(biochemistry) A diagram showing the varying substrate and inhibitor concentrations that give constant enzyme activity


reticuloendothelial

white blood cell
white blood cell#English

(cytology) Describing all phagocytic cells (except some white blood cells).


phosphoproteome

(biochemistry) A proteome of phosphoproteins


piriformis

piriformes (plural)
pyriformis (alternative)

/ˌpɪ.ɹɪˈfɔː.mɪs/

/ˌpɪɹ.əˈfɔɹ.mɪs/

Unadapted borrowing from New Latin pirifōrmis, ellipsis of mūsculus pirifōrmis (“pear-shaped muscle”). Doublet of piriform.

ellipsis

sacrotuberous ligament
sacrotuberous ligament

greater sciatic foramen
greater sciatic foramen

(anatomy, zootomy) A gluteal muscle which arises from the front of the sacrum and the ischium or sacrotuberous ligament, passes out of the pelvis through the greater sciatic foramen, and inserts into the greater trochanter of the femur, serving in humans to rotate the thigh laterally.


ribophagy

(biochemistry) The degradation of ribosomes by autophagy.


rhytidome

en-noun

rhytidome (usually uncountable, plural rhytidomes)

From Ancient Greek ῥυτίδωμα (rhutídōma, “wrinkle”), from ῥυτιδόω (rhutidóō, “to wrinkle”), from ῥυτίς (rhutís, “wrinkle”).

der

(botany) The dead layers of plant bark (undergoing or having undergone secondary growth) external to that of the last formed periderm http://i.word.com/idictionary/rhytidome.


abhydrolase

(biochemistry) Any of a family of hydrolases having an alpha/beta hydrolase fold


hyperoodon

hyperoodons (plural)
hyperoödon (alternative)

/haɪpəˈɹəʊədɒn/

(zoology) A whale in the genus Hyperoodon of the order Cetacea, comprising both species of bottlenose whale.


crustose

Borrowed from Latin crustōsus (“with a hard crust”).

Fruticose lichens drape and tuft; crustose and squamulose lichens creep and seep; foliose lichens layer and flake.

2020, Merlin Sheldrake, Entangled Life, page 84:

(lichenology) Of a lichen, growing tightly appressed to the substrate.


rubus

(botany) Any of the genus Rubus of flowering plants, including the raspberry and blackberry.


ptyalin

en-noun

ptyalin (usually uncountable, plural ptyalins)

From Ancient Greek πτύαλον (ptúalon, “saliva”).

der

(biochemistry) A form of amylase found in saliva that breaks down starch into maltose and dextrin.


cathodal

en-adj

cathodal (comparative more cathodal, superlative most cathodal)

more cathodal (comparative)
most cathodal (superlative)
kathodal (alternative dated)

(biochemistry) Attracted towards a cathode


electrotropism

(biology, botany) Growth or motion in response to an electric field.


electrotaxis

(biology) movement of an organism or system of cells in an electric field


convallarin

Convallaria majalis
Convallaria majalis#Translingual

(biochemistry) A cardiac glycoside obtained from lily of the valley (Convallaria majalis)


echinulate

echinulate (comparative more echinulate, superlative most echinulate)

more echinulate (comparative)
most echinulate (superlative)

From Latin echinulus (“little hedgehog”).

An interesting feature of the plant was the occasional incidence of radiate, mostly unbranched bracts in the cystocarp, giving it an echinulate appearance.

1970, Lewis Herrick Flint, Freshwater Red Algae of North America, page 76:

(biology) Having small spines or similar projections


diastaltic

(biology) Of or pertaining to diastalsis.


genesiology

(obsolete, biology) The study of generation (reproduction).


neurokeratin

(biochemistry) The protein component of the myelin sheath.


paracytic

(biology) Describing cells other than those found normally in a specific location

(biology) Situated between cells (but independent of them)


plasson

(obsolete, cytology) A mass of undifferentiated anucleate protoplasm supposed to be the simplest structure of living organisms


bromelein

(biochemistry) A proteolytic enzyme found in pineapples


nanism

en-noun

nanism (countable and uncountable, plural nanisms)

In this gene, other mutations can cause a kind of nanism that is lethal during the first weeks of life.

2006 April, Henri Friedhofer et al., “Surgical treatment for eyelid deformity in Crouzon syndrome associated with acanthosis nigricans: case report”, in Clinics:

(biology, medicine) Unusually small size, as the result of a developmental abnormality.

nanismi

developmental abnormality manifested as unusually small size


adrenodoxin

adrenodoxin (countable and uncountable, plural adrenodoxins)

(biochemistry) A ferredoxin present in mitochondria of the adrenal cortex.


aminoadipic acid

aminoadipic acid (plural aminoadipic acids)

(organic chemistry, biochemistry) Any amino derivative of adipic acid, but especially α-aminoadipic acid that is an intermediate in the metabolism of lysine


senecio

(botany) Any of the plants of the genus Senecio.


retractor

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-retractor.wav

(zoology) A muscle serving to draw in any part.


angiogenin

angiogenin (countable and uncountable, plural angiogenins)

(biochemistry) A polypeptide implicated in angiogenesis


autotaxin

lysophosphatidic acid
lysophosphatidic acid

(biochemistry) An ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase that catalyzes the conversion of lysophosphatidylcholine into lysophosphatidic acid


ectonucleotide

(biochemistry) Any nucleotide found outside a cell


ectoenzyme

(biochemistry) Any enzyme found outside of (or on the outer surface of) a cell


bioactivate

en-verb

bioactivate (third-person singular simple present bioactivates, present participle bioactivating, simple past and past participle bioactivated)

bioactivates (present singular third-person)
bioactivating (participle present)
bioactivated (participle past)
bioactivated (past)

(biology) To activate by means of bioactivation


biohydrogenation

(biochemistry) biochemical (enzymatic) hydrogenation


dihydroceramide

en-noun

dihydroceramide (countable and uncountable, plural dihydroceramides)

dihydroceramide desaturase
dihydroceramide desaturase

(biochemistry) The biochemical precursor of ceramide, into which it is converted by the enzyme dihydroceramide desaturase


epoxycholesterol

(biochemistry) An epoxy derivative of cholesterol that is involved in the metabolism of mevalonate


verticil

(chiefly botany) A whorl, a group of similar parts such as leaves radiating from a shared axis


verbascose

Originally derived from Verbascum thapsus (common mullein)

(biochemistry) A pentasaccharide (galactose-galactose-galactose-glucose-fructose), found in many legumes, that is metabolized by intestinal flora


vesuvin

From German Vesuvin, from Vesuv (“Vesuvius”) + -in.

(cytology) The pigment Bismark brown when used as a biological stain.


tonoplast

(cytology) The cytoplasmic membrane surrounding a vacuole, separating the vacuolar contents from the cell's cytoplasm


diestrum

(biology) The interval between two periods of estrus


diplococcus

(microbiology) A coccus that typically occurs in the form of two joined cells.


adactylism

(biology, medicine) Synonym of adactyly.


agamete

(biology) A nonsexual gamete; a gamete involved in asexual reproduction


alloreactivity

(cytology, immunology) The reaction of a lymphocyte or antibody with an alloantigen.

alorreatividade

the reaction of a lymphocyte or antibody with an alloantigen


antihormone

(biochemistry) Any material that counteracts the effects of a hormone

antyhormon

any material that counteracts the effects of a hormone


hydroxyvitamin

(biochemistry) Any hydroxy derivative of a vitamin, but in practice a derivative of vitamin D that is measured in order to diagnose vitamin D deficiency


biological imperative

biological imperative (plural biological imperatives)

(biology) The drive of living organisms to procreate.


ribotype

From ribosome + -type, on analogy with genotype, phenotype, etc.

(biology) The RNA complement of a biological entity


supraclavicular

From supra- + clavicular or supraclavicle + -ar.

(anatomy, zootomy, relational) Above the clavicle.

(rare, zootomy, relational) Of or pertaining to the supraclavicle in fishes.


bicellular

(biology) Composed of two cells; having two cells.

kaksisoluinen

biology: composed of two cells; having two cells


acetylesterase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of an acetate ester.

acetyloesteraza

any enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of an acetate ester


diphthamide

(biochemistry) A modified histidine amino acid which renders the elongation factor inactive.


biomanufacturing

(biology) The manufacturing component of the biotechnology industry.


chemoresistant

en-adj

chemoresistant (comparative more chemoresistant, superlative most chemoresistant)

more chemoresistant (comparative)
most chemoresistant (superlative)

(biochemistry) Describing resistance of a cell to the actions of a chemical compound


eisosome

(biology) An assembly of protein in a plasma membrane at which endocytosis occurs


exonization

en-noun

exonization (countable and uncountable, plural exonizations)

(genetics) Recruiting of a new exon from non-protein-coding, intronic DNA sequences.


procentriole

(biology) The early developmental stage of a centriole or basal body.


tannase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of tannic acid to gallic acid


thalline

en-adj

thalline (comparative more thalline, superlative most thalline)

more thalline (comparative)
most thalline (superlative)


angiostatin

en-noun

angiostatin (countable and uncountable, plural angiostatins)

(biochemistry, medicine) A protein that inhibits angiogenesis; it is used to inhibit the growth of new blood vessels in tumours.


falcula

(plural only, zoology) A curved and sharp-pointed claw.


endobenthic

(ecology) That lives within the sediment on the seafloor


gemmation

gemmation (countable and uncountable, plural gemmations)

(biology) asexual reproduction via gemmae

(botany) arrangement of buds on the stalk


haplontic

(biology) Describing an organism that is haploid for most of its life cycle but that briefly has a diploid zygote


haplosis

(biology) The halving of the number of chromosomes during meiosis, resulting in the haploid number


monophagous

From mono- + phage + -ous: Compare Koine Greek μονοφάγος (monophágos, “that eats alone”).

(biology) That eats only one kind of food


murmuration

murmuration (countable and uncountable, plural murmurations)

/ˌmɝməˈɹeɪʃən/

/ˌmɜːməˈɹeɪʃən/

1350–1400; Medieval Latin murmuratio (“murmuring, grumbling”). The “flock of starlings” sense is probably derived from the sound of the very large groups that starlings form at dusk.

bor

"Oh! I wasted most of my morning crawling to a murmuration of starlings, which I foolishly mistook for congregation of plover."

1893 September 27, The Bazaar, the Exchange and Mart, London, page 800, column 3:

The same dynamics can be seen in starlings: On clear winter evenings, murmurations of the tiny blackish birds gather in Rome’s sunset skies, wheeling about like rustling cloth.

2013 March 19, Ed Yong, “How the Science of Swarms Can Help Us Fight Cancer and Predict the Future”, in Wired:

Professor Anne Goodenough, an applied ecologist at the University of Gloucestershire who led the research, said: ‘It appears murmuration has become the norm – a general way for the starlings to stay safe from predators.’

2017 July 29, “Solved, the riddle of starlings' aerial ballet: Birds use acrobatics to ward off creatures of prey”, in Daily Mail:

(ornithology, collective) A flock of starlings, in particular when swarming in swirling patterns.


petrosal

From Latin petrōsus (“full of rocks, rocky”) + -al.

af

midal-shaped petrosal of mammals and bird

1866, Richard Owen, Anatomy of Vertebrates:

(anatomy, zootomy) The auditory capsule.


progressionist

(biology) A person who holds that all life forms gradually evolve to a higher form.


rejuvenescence

en-noun

rejuvenescence (countable and uncountable, plural rejuvenescences)

(botany) The escape of the protoplasm of a cell and its conversion into a cell of a different character, as in certain algae.


sclerosed

en-adj

sclerosed (comparative more sclerosed, superlative most sclerosed)

more sclerosed (comparative)
most sclerosed (superlative)

Back-formation from sclerosis. The verb sclerose was derived from sclerosed (adj). Compare also diagnose (verb).


socioecology

(sociology, ecology) The use of techniques of sociology in the field of ecology.


sociogenomics

Since Francis Galton coined the phrase “nature versus nurture” 150 years ago, the debate about what makes us who we are has dominated the human sciences. Do genes determine our destiny, as the hereditarians would say? Or do we enter the world as blank slates, formed only by what we encounter in our homes and beyond? What started as an intellectual debate quickly expanded to whatever anyone wanted it to mean, invoked in arguments about everything from free will to race to inequality to whether public policy can, or should, level the playing field. Today, however, a new realm of science is poised to upend the debate — not by declaring victory for one side or the other, nor even by calling a tie, but rather by revealing they were never in opposition in the first place. Through this new vantage, nature and nurture are not even entirely distinguishable, because genes and environment don’t operate in isolation; they influence each other and to a very real degree even create each other. The new field is called sociogenomics, a fusion of behavioral science and genetics that I have been closely involved with for over a decade. Though the field is still in its infancy, its philosophical implications are staggering. It has the potential to rewrite a great deal of what we think we know about who we are and how we got that way.

2025 March 13, Dalton Conley, “A New Scientific Field Is Recasting Who We Are and How We Got That Way”, in New York Times:

(sociology, genetics) The study of the multivariate feedback loops by which nature and nurture (genetics and environment) interact with and shape each other.


strigose

strigose (comparative more strigose, superlative most strigose)

more strigose (comparative)
most strigose (superlative)

/ˈstɹaɪɡəʊs/

From Latin striga (“row, strip, swath”) + -ose; compare strigosus.

(zoology) Having fine grooves, ridges, or streaks.

(botany) Having stiff hairs, pressed together.


planation

en-noun

planation (countable and uncountable, plural planations)

(biology) The morphological transformation of a three-dimensional structure into a two-dimensional one through development or evolution


proinsulin

proinsulin (countable and uncountable, plural proinsulins)

(biochemistry) A polypeptide that is the prohormone precursor of insulin


purpurin

purpurin (countable and uncountable, plural purpurins)

purpurins (plural)
purpurine (alternative)

(biochemistry) A protein of the lipocalin family


resupinate

en-adj

resupinate (comparative more resupinate, superlative most resupinate)

more resupinate (comparative)
most resupinate (superlative)

(botany) Having the appearance of being upside down


intronization

(genetics) The addition of introns into coding sequences


procambium

(botany) A meristem that lies just inside the protoderm and develops into primary xylem and primary phloem


bioplast

(biology) A mass or cell of bioplasm that is a unit of living matter; an independently existing mass of living matter.


bioplasm

en-noun

bioplasm (countable and uncountable, plural bioplasms)

The gel is a genetically-engineered bioplasm created by the Sirta Foundation, a medical technology megacorp based on Earth. Technically, medi-gel violates Council laws against genetic engineering, but so far, it has proved far too useful to ban.

2008, BioWare, Mass Effect, Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →ISBN, →OCLC, PC, scene: Medi-Gel Codex entry:

(biology) Any living matter, but especially germinal or forming matter; matter possessing reproductive vitality; protoplasm, especially in its relation to living processes and development.


aciduric

en-adj

aciduric (comparative more aciduric, superlative most aciduric)

more aciduric (comparative)
most aciduric (superlative)

From Latin acidum (“acid”) + dūrō (“endure”).

(biology) (of bacteria) growing in acidic medium, but preferring an alkaline medium


fructooligosaccharide

(biochemistry) Any of a class of oligosaccharides composed of fructose molecules, used as sweeteners.


noninhibited

(chiefly biology, chemistry) Not inhibited.


agastric

(biology) Having no alimentary canal; lacking a stomach, intestines, or digestive tract.


subcostal

(entomology) Pertaining to the subcosta and/or the area of the wing next to it.


subcostal

(zoology) One of the principal nervures of the wings of an insect, situated next beneath or behind the costal.


thiogenic

(biology) That converts sulfide into elemental sulfur or into organic sulfur compounds


thrombokinase

en-noun

thrombokinase (countable and uncountable, plural thrombokinases)

(biochemistry) A proteolytic enzyme that converts prothrombin into thrombin during the clotting of blood


isogamy

isogamy (usually uncountable, plural isogamies)

Among other organisms, alternative methods of reproduction include budding, hermaphroditism (one individual carrying both kinds of sex organs) and isogamy (two individuals, not distinguished as male and female, combining their genes).

2018 April 24, John Launer, “Do We Even Need Men?”, in Literary Hub:

(biology) A form of sexual reproduction involving gametes of similar morphology.


melaleuca

From genus name, translingual Melaleuca.

From November to February, the usually sombre olive green bush is a palette of pink heath, cream and mauve melaleuca, gold hibbertias, snug on the ground, pale blue iris, the swashbuckling scarlet and orange blandfordia lily, and Hewardia tasmanica, the mountain purple iris.

1973, Patsy Adam Smith, The Barcoo Salute, Adelaide: Rigby, page 29:

[H]e passed on, upsetting nothing, completely unnoticed by the peewee birds and crows resting in the silent melaleuca trees and paperbark woodland […]

2006, Alexis Wright, Carpentaria, Giramondo, published 2012, page 294:

(botany) Any member of the genus Melaleuca of shrubs and trees in the myrtle family.


Michaelmas daisy

Michaelmas daisy (plural Michaelmas daisies)

He stood across in the other garden, beside a bush of pale Michaelmas daisies, watching the last bees crawl into the hive.

1913, D[avid] H[erbert] Lawrence, “chapter 12”, in Sons and Lovers, London: Duckworth & Co. […], →OCLC:

There was a lavatory at the end of the garden beyond a scraggy clump of Michaelmas daisies that never looked well in themselves, always sere, never blooming, the perennial ghosts of themselves, as if ill-nourished by an exhausted soil.

1976, Angela Carter, “The Mother Lode”, in Shaking a Leg, Vintage, published 2013, page 3:

(botany) Any of several species and hybrids of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae, particularly in the genera Aster or Symphyotrichum; a flower of any such plant.


cutinase

(biochemistry) cutin hydrolase, an enzyme that hydrolyzes cutin


cryptobiont

(biology) Any organism capable of cryptobiosis


pentaploid

(genetics) That has five haploid sets of chromosomes


sporocyst

(biology) A cyst that develops from a sporoblast and from which sporozoites develop.


ambisense

(genetics) Describing single-stranded, viral RNA, part of which has a positive sense and part negative.


bioplasma

(biology, physics) A short laser pulse of biological origin


actinotrichium

(zoology) Any of a group of hairlike fibres in the finfolds of fish larvae that develop into fin rays


bioprocess

(biology) Any technological process that uses living cells or their components


chemoresistance

chemoresistance (countable and uncountable, plural chemoresistances)

(biochemistry) The resistance of a cell to the actions of a chemical compound.


elastoidin

(biochemistry) A form of collagen isolated from shark fins


otoferlin

(biochemistry) A transmembrane protein which is defective in a recessive form of human deafness


canavanine

canavanine (countable and uncountable, plural canavanines)

From translingual Canavalia (“genus of jack beans”) + -anine.

af

(biochemistry) A toxic, non-proteinogenic amino acid found in certain leguminous plants.


organofunctional

(biochemistry, of a substance) Having a function in organisms.


dipeptidase

(biochemistry) Any of a class of enzymes that hydrolyze dipeptides in the small intestine.


dehydropeptidase

(biochemistry) Any of a particular group of dipeptidases


laciniate

From Latin lacinia (“flap or edge of a garment”) + -ate (adjective-forming suffix).

(botany, zoology) Cut into deep irregular usually pointed lobes.


lophophore

(zoology) A feeding organ of brachiopods, bryozoans and phoronids.


scarabaeid

From Ancient Greek κάραβος (kárabos, “horned beetle”), via Latin scarabaeus.

uder

(zoology, entomology) Any beetle of the family Scarabaeidae (which includes stag- and dung-beetles).


scarabaeoid

(obsolete, entomology) Of or pertaining to beetles in the family Scarabaeidae.

(entomology) Of or pertaining to beetles in the superfamily Scarabaeoidea.


sclerotin

(biochemistry) The crosslinked protein component of the cuticles of insects.


tylopod

From Ancient Greek τύλη (túlē, “knob, hump”) + -pod (“foot”).

(zoology) Any even-toed ungulate mammal, of the suborder Tylopoda, including the camels.


aptychus

Modern Latin, from a- + Ancient Greek πτυχή (ptukhḗ, “fold, layer”).

It wasn't until the 1970s that paleontologists had amassed enough evidence to be certain that aptychi were modified lower jaws.

2017, Danna Staaf, Squid Empire, ForeEdge, →ISBN, page 95:

(paleontology) A hard calcareous plate forming part of the body of an ammonite.


Crystals of phosphoribosylaminoimidazolesuccinocarboxamide synthase (EC 6.3.2.6) from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae were grown by the vapor diffusion hanging-drop technique, using ammonium sulfate as the precipitant.

1992, A. I. Grebenko, V. M. Levdikov, V. V. Barynin, W. R. Melik-Adamyan, A. N. Myasnikov, Crystallization and preliminary X-ray investigation of phosphoribosylaminoimidazolesuccinocarboxamide synthase from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae:

(biochemistry) A ligase enzyme involved in purine metabolism.


phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine

(biochemistry) An intermediate in the synthesis of purines.


(biochemistry) An enzyme involved in purine synthesis.


phosphoribosylaminoimidazole synthetase

(biochemistry) An enzyme involved in nucleotide synthesis, catalyzing the conversion of 5'-phosphoribosyl-5-aminoimidazole into 5-phosphoribosyl-4-carboxy-5-aminoimidazole.


EBICS

To create a biological machine, EBICS teams will work with many kinds of cells, but primarily those of three types: neurons, muscle cells and endothelial cells, which make blood vessels.

The U of I is a partner with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and the Georgia Institute of Technology in what is known as the Emergent Behaviors of Integrated Cellular Systems (EBICS) Center.

2010 March, "New Center Takes a Step Toward Biological Machines", LAS News, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign College of Liberal Arts & Sciences

(biology) Acronym of Emergent Behaviors of Integrated Cellular Systems.


scytalone

(biochemistry) A tetralone derivative involved in certain redox reactions.


dendrimersome

(biochemistry, organic chemistry) A self-assembled structure, resembling a simple biological cell, consisting of a bilayer of dendrimers


panmixis

From New Latin panmixis, from Ancient Greek παν- (pan-, “every, all”) + μίξις (míxis, “mixing, mingling”).


amplexus

Unadapted borrowing from Latin amplexus (“embrace”).

ubor

Finally, we came upon a pair of Panamanian robber frogs locked in amplexus—the amphibian version of sex.

2014, Elizabeth Kolbert, chapter 1, in The Sixth Extinction: An Unnatural History, Henry Holt and Company:

In the middle, just below the surface, a male and a female were locked in amplexus, a coupling that can last for days as the male waits to fertilise the eggs when they are laid.

2018 March 29, Ed Douglas, “Country diary: tantric embraces and nuptial pads – the secrets of frog sex revealed”, in The Guardian:

(zoology) A form of pseudocopulation, found chiefly in amphibians and horseshoe crabs, in which a male grasps a female with his front legs as part of the mating process.

amplexo

pseudocopulation in which a male grasps a female with his front legs

(botany) In vernation, the situation where two sides of one leaf overlap the two sides of the one above it.


coarctate

en-adj

coarctate (comparative more coarctate, superlative most coarctate)

more coarctate (comparative)
most coarctate (superlative)

Borrowed from Latin coarctātus, perfect participle of coarctō (“to press together, compress, contract, confine”), from co- (“being or bringing together, co-”) + arctō (“to draw or press close together”).

af

(entomology) (of the pupa of certain flies) Enclosed in a rigid case formed by the larval cuticle or puparium.


distichous

(botany) Arranged in two rows on each side of an axis.

kaksitahoinen

arranged in two rows on each side of an axis


nothosaur

From scientific Latin Nothosaurus (genus name).

Nothosaurs were equipped with large, slightly curved teeth, which could provide a scissor-like bite like crocodiles.

2012, Winand Brinkmann, Kenneth De Baets, editors, Paleontological Museum of the University of Zürich: Exhibition Guide, Paleontological Institute and Museum of the University of Zürich, →ISBN, page 68:

(paleontology) An extinct marine reptile of the order Nothosauroidea, from the Triassic period.


agrestal

en-adj

agrestal (comparative more agrestal, superlative most agrestal)

more agrestal (comparative)
most agrestal (superlative)

(botany) That grows wild in cultivated fields


inflexed

inflexed (comparative more inflexed, superlative most inflexed)

more inflexed (comparative)
most inflexed (superlative)


litoptern

From modern Latin Litopterna (order name), from Ancient Greek λῑτός (lītós, “smooth”) + πτέρνη (ptérnē, “heel-bone”).

[C]ertain litopterns like the camel-like Macrauchenia also lived on until within 15,000 years before the present.

2022, Thomas Halliday, Otherworlds, Penguin, published 2023, page 73:

(zoology) An extinct hoofed mammal of the order †Litopterna, from the Cenozoic period.


orthotropous

(botany, of an ovule) Growing straight and having the micropyle at the apex


velamen

(botany) A spongy, usually pale, multiseriate epidermis (i.e. consisting of multiple layers of cells) covering the roots of some kinds of plants, especially plant species with an epiphytic or semi-epiphytic habit. Examples include various orchid and Clivia species


echium

(botany) Any member of the genus Echium of flowering plants.


uroporphyrinogen

(biochemistry) Any of a class of tetrapyrroles with four propionic acid groups and four acetic acid groups, involved in the synthesis of porphyrin.


ecaudate

(biology) Tailless; without a tail or tail-like appendage.


neohesperidose

(biochemistry) A disaccharide present in some flavonoid glycosides


tulipanin

(biochemistry) An anthocyanin, the 3-rutinoside of delphinidin.


myrtillin

(biochemistry) An anthocyanin, the 3-glucoside of delphinidin.


neuromagnetism

(biology, physics) the study of the very small magnetic fields produced during brain activity


acrocarpous

acrocarpous (comparative more acrocarpous, superlative most acrocarpous)

more acrocarpous (comparative)
most acrocarpous (superlative)

(botany) Developing the archegonium on the summit of the primary stem; fruiting at tips, in the manner of mosses.


substem

(botany) One of several plant stems splitting off from a main stem.


zygomycete

Chromistas are oomycetes whereas fungi includes chytridiomycetes, zygomycetes, ascomycetes, basidiomycetes, and mitosporic fungi.

2001, Michael J Carlile, The Fungi, 2nd edition, publisher summary, page 11:

(biology) An organism of the phylum Zygomycota.


endoreduplication

en-noun

endoreduplication (countable and uncountable, plural endoreduplications)

(genetics) The replication of chromosomes without mitotic cell division.


unguiculate

en-adj

unguiculate (comparative more unguiculate, superlative most unguiculate)

more unguiculate (comparative)
most unguiculate (superlative)

(zoology) Having nails or claws, as distinguished from hoofs.

(botany) Having a claw or narrow base, like the petal in some flowers.


unguinal

unguinal (comparative more unguinal, superlative most unguinal)

more unguinal (comparative)
most unguinal (superlative)

(biology) Pertaining to a biological nail or to the nails; resembling a nail; ungual.


bacillibactin

(biochemistry) A siderophore, produced by several bacilli, that scavenges iron from proteins


biodiversification

(ecology) The process of establishing and developing biodiversity


bioseparation

(biochemistry) The separation of the products of a biochemical reaction without damaging the organisms concerned

(biochemistry) The use of living organisms to separate components of a mixture (especially to remove pollutants)


desmocollin

From desmo- + Ancient Greek κόλλα (kólla, “glue”) + -in.

(biochemistry) Any of a family of glycoproteins (cadherin), found in desmosomes, responsible for intercellular adhesion.


ferrienterochelin

(biochemistry) The iron complex of the siderophore enterochelin


mysticete

(zoology) Any of the baleen whales (of parvorder Mysticeti).


paleozoology

(zoology) The branch of zoology dealing with fossils, and the creatures that were transformed into them


physeteroid

(zoology) Any sperm whale (of the family Physeteridae).