lycosoid

(zoology) Any spider in the superfamily Lycosoidea or similar taxonomic group.


satellitism

(virology) An obligate association between two viruses


nidopallium caudolaterale

prefrontal cortex
prefrontal cortex#English

(anatomy, ornithology) The avian equivalent of the primate prefrontal cortex. A region of a bird's brain, located at the rear, that coordinates cognition in the pallium layer of the brain.


antigeny

From ἀντί (antí, “against, opposite”) + γένος (génos, “sex, stock, race”).

It is a curious circumstance that, while albinic antigeny finds its most complete expression in high temperate regions, and melanic antigeny prevails toward the tropics, the albinic females of a partially antigenic species never appear in the spring brood, but increase in numbers throughout the hot season […]

1877, Samuel Hubbard Scudder, Antigeny, Or Sexual Dimorphism in Butterflies, page 151:

(biology, obsolete) Sexual dimorphism, especially in lepidopterans.


budsite

budsites (plural)
bud site (alternative)
bud-site (alternative)

(biology) The site on a plant at which a bud develops


Wuhan pneumonia

A respiratory disease first reported in Wuhan, China on December 31, 2019, from Wuhan + pneumonia.

2020 January 9, “Wuhan pneumonia outbreak: Mystery illness 'caused by coronavirus”, in BBC:

2020 January 11, Shaun Lintern, “Wuhan pneumonia: First death reported by mystery Chinese virus”, in Independent:

2020 January 22, “Monitoring Wuhan Pneumonia”, in Columbia Health:

This travel period overlapped with the time period after the announcement of the first case of Wuhan pneumonia (symptom onset on Dec 12, 2019) according to the Chinese health authority.

2020 January 24, Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan, “A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating person-to-person transmission: a study of a family cluster”, in The Lancet^(https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(20)30154-9/fulltext):

(pathology, virology, informal, politically offensive in Mainland China) A form of pneumonia due to infection by a coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), which is genetically similar to SARS and MERS.


pseudocardinal

pseudocardinals (plural)
pseudo-cardinal (alternative)

Right valve with three pseudocardinal teeth, the front one being strongest, high and triangular, the second low and longer, the posterior one indistinctly differentiated from the hinge plate.

1922, WB Marshall, “New pearly fresh water mussels from South America”, in Proceedings of the US National Museum, volume 61, number 2437:

True clams are said to have "cardinal" teeth, so named because of their proximity to the heart (the Greek kardia means "heart"); freshwater mussel pseudocardinals are not so positioned.

1997, SM Martin, “Freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionoida) of Maine”, in Northeastern Naturalist:

(malacology) A type of tooth found on the shells of some bivalve molluscs.


root nodule

(botany) A lump found on the roots of some plants, primarily legumes, that forms a symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing bacteria known as rhizobia, allowing the plant to obtain nitrogen directly from the atmosphere, which most plants cannot do.


Casparian strip

en-noun

Casparian strip (plural Casparian strips)

Named after its discoverer Robert Caspary.

(biology) A band of suberin in the walls of the endodermis


ceftazidimase

(biochemistry) A lactamase specific to ceftazidime


cenocron

(biology) A temporary biota or subset of a biota


deuridylylation

(organic chemistry, biochemistry) The removal of a uridylyl group


brood cocoon

(biology, arachnology) A cocoon-like structure made of web in which a female spider lays her eggs.


oxiapoptophagy

(biology) A combination of oxidation, apoptosis and autophagy associated with oxidative stress


IBI

IBI (countable and uncountable, plural IBIs)

(ecology) Initialism of index of biological integrity.

(biology) Initialism of interbeat interval.


aschizan

en-adj

aschizan (comparative more aschizan, superlative most aschizan)

more aschizan (comparative)
most aschizan (superlative)

(entomology) Of or pertaining to the dipteran section Aschiza.


Abbreviation of coronavirus disease + 19 from 2019, the year the virus was discovered. Coined by the World Health Organization on February 11, 2020. Intended to avoid stigma by not referring to a place, animal, career, or group of people.

Most people infected with the COVID-19 virus will experience mild to moderate respiratory illness and recover without requiring special treatment.

2020 January 11, “Coronavirus”, in World Health Organization:

As we enter the first months of 2021, increasing numbers of reports of variants of the COVID-19 virus mark a new development in the pandemic.

2021 February 5, “Redoubling public health measures needed due to COVID-19 virus variants”, in World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, archived from the original on 2021-02-15:

(virology, metonymically) SARS-CoV-2 (virus that causes the COVID-19 disease)


/ˈsɑːz ˈkəʊviː ˈtuː/

As of March 10, 2020, the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has been responsible for more than 110,000 infections and 4000 deaths worldwide, but data regarding the epidemiologic characteristics and clinical features of infected children are limited.

2020 April, Lu, Xiaoxia, Liqiong Zhang, Hui Du, Jingjing Zhang, Yuan Y. Li, Jingyu Qu, Wenxin Zhang et al., “SARS-CoV-2 infection in children”, in New England Journal of Medicine, volume 382, number 17, →DOI:

In addition to continuing to track the emergence of new variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), there are four major priorities for the global response to variants of concern.

2021 June, Krause, Philip R., Thomas R. Fleming, Ira M. Longini, Richard Peto, Sylvie Briand, David L. Heymann, Valerie Beral, Matthew D. Snape, Helen Rees, Alba-Maria Ropero, Ran D. Balicer, Jakob P. Cramer, et al., “SARS-CoV-2 Variants and Vaccines”, in New England Journal of Medicine, →DOI:

SARS-related coronavirus 2
SARS-related coronavirus 2#English

(virology) SARS-CoV-2; SARS-related coronavirus 2


Medusavirus

From Ancient Greek Μέδουσα (Médousa, “Medusa”) + virus. From Latin virus (“virus”). From being a virus which can turn amoeba into stone-like cysts. From Medusa, the Greek mythological figure which could petrify people with a glance.

com

The newest giant virus is Medusavirus, so named because of the way it infects amoebas, single-celled organisms that commonly live in water.

2019 March 20, Sarah Zhang, “Beware the Medusavirus”, in The Atlantic:

Many of the NCLDVs, including the phycodnavirus Paramecium bursaria Chlorella virus (PBCV-1), the iridovirus Chilo iridescent virus (CIV), the mimivirus Cafeteria roenbergensis virus (CroV), or the giant amoeba-infecting Faustovirus, Pacmanvirus, and Medusavirus, present large icosahedral capsids composed of trimers of a MCP that displays a double jelly-roll fold.

2019 October 24, German Andrés et al., “The cryo-EM structure of African swine fever virus unravels a unique architecture comprising two icosahedral protein capsids and two lipoprotein membranes”, in Journal of Biological Chemistry, →DOI:

Furthermore, we identified 5 A. triangularis homologous sequences shared with Medusavirus, a giant virus that replicates on Acanthamoeba castellanii, which was isolated from hot spring water.

2020 March 16, Issam Hasni et al., “Description of Virulent Factors and Horizontal Gene Transfers of Keratitis-Associated Amoeba Acanthamoeba Triangularis by Genome Analysis”, in Pathogens, →DOI:

(virology) An informal genus of the informal family Medusaviridae, large DNA viruses that infect amoeba.


upexpression

en-noun

upexpression (usually uncountable, plural upexpressions)

(genetics, biochemistry) The greater than normal expression of a protein.


SNARE

(biochemistry) Any of a class of proteins whose primary role is to mediate vesicle fusion.


depalmitoylase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyses a depalmitoylation reaction


epimetabolite

(biochemistry) An enzymatically-modified metabolite, especially one that has biochemical activity


foldosome

(biology) An organelle responsible for protein folding


glycocalicin

(biochemistry) A glycoprotein associated with platelets


hulless

hulless oats

hulless barley


lepidopterophagous

(biology) That eats insects of the order Lepidoptera


magnetogenetics

(biology) The manipulation of cells in a magnetic field


Anisian

Derived from German Anisisch, from Latin Anisus.

(geology, paleontology) A subdivision of the Triassic period.


sematectonic

(biology) That acts as a sign of building


unipinnate

(botany) Being a pinnately compound leaf that does not branch off into further petiole axes, and consequently lacks pinnulae


architomy

(biology) A form of reproduction, in some annelids, in which fission is followed by bodily reorganization


benthophage

(biology) Any animal that feeds in the deep sea


cambivore

Other nutritional subgroups, represented in smaller numbers, were cambivores (phloem and cortex feeders), detritrivores (necrophagous species) and wood borers (xylophagous species).

2015, Jon Andersson, “Wood-inhabiting beetles in low stumps, high stumps and logs on boreal clear-cuts: implications for dead wood management”, in PLoS One:

On average, obligate predators were more negatively affected than cambivores and facultative predators.

2017, Jonas Victorsson, “Stump extraction in the surrounding landscape: predatory saproxylic beetles are more negatively affected than lower trophic levels.”, in Forest ecology and management:

Assemblages of clear-cut and old-growth stands were similar, with groups of 'cambivores' and 'obligate saproxylics' differing from those of uncut stands, and related to greater abundance of the latter in old growth habitats with large volumes of suitable dead wood.

2018, Tim R. New, Forests and Insect Conservation in Australia, page 15:

(biology, rare) Any organism that consumes the cambium of plants.


chromatotrophin

(biology) Any of a group of hormones responsible for colour change in some crabs


corynemycolic acid

(biochemistry) A mycolic acid present in Corynehcterium


mediocrat

In our opinion it is impossible to consider Taxodiaceae as a characteristic index of a warm climate and therefore they cannot be included in the typical mediocrats group,

The sharp increase in terminocrats and the decrease in mediocrats between marker beds f and h should correspond to renewed cooling.

2004, John A. Van Couvering, The Pleistocene Boundary and the Beginning of the Quaternary:

The mediocrats (see “mesocratic” in Figure 15.8) curve refers to Quercus, Tilia, Ulmus, and other trees/shrubs characteristic of the climatic-optimum part of interglacials.

2007, Alfred Traverse, Paleopalynology, page 444:

(biology) A plant species that thrives in moderate conditions.


editome

(genetics) That part of a genome that has undergone editing


standing crop

(ecology, agriculture) The total dried biomass of the living organisms present in a given environment.


bioresilience

(ecology) The ability of a whole species or an individual of a species to adapt to change.


blue carbon

(ecology) Carbon dioxide removed from the atmosphere by the world's coastal ocean ecosystems.

carbon glas

carbon dioxide removed from the atmosphere by the ocean


herbfield

(ecology) A plant community dominated by herbaceous plants, especially forbs and grasses.


windwatt

(ecology) A mudflat exposed as a result of wind action on water.


glucodynamic

(biochemistry) Relating to glucodynamics


glucodynamics

(biochemistry) The dynamics of glucose synthesis and metabolism


glycodynamics

(biochemistry) The dynamics of sugar synthesis and metabolism


glycerolipidome

(biochemistry) A lipidome of glycerolipids


pelophilous

en-adj

pelophilous (comparative more pelophilous, superlative most pelophilous)

more pelophilous (comparative)
most pelophilous (superlative)

The hallophitic communities are divided into those that are psammaphilous, pelophilous, and helophilous, according as the substratum consists respectively of sand, of mud, or of swamp.

1913, Gerald O. Case, The Use of Vegetation for Reclaiming Tidal Lands, page ii:

Pelophilous species burrow in sandy loam and clay soils, and display ecomorphological adaptations to assist with loosening these compacted substrata.

2007, Bernhard A. Huber, Bradley J. Sinclair, Karl-Heinz Lampe, African Biodiversity, page 43:

Thus, two major ecological groupings are evident: the pelophilous group preferring soft sediments with slow current (strongly dominated by L. hoffmeisteri), and the psammophilous group inhabiting harder sediments with faster current (P. barbatus and others).

2012, Pilar Rodriguez, Piet F.M. Verdonschot, Aquatic Oligochaete Biology VIII, page 225:

Over the entrie 5-year period of the present study (1998-2002), the pelophilous macrofauna showed a moderate biomass, similar to that in 1975/76 and 1987-1992.

2013, Norbert Wolnomiejski, Zbigniew Witek, The Szczecin Lagoon Ecosystem:

(biology) Found in muddy environments; mud-dwelling.


morphopopulation

(biology) A population or organisms that have a common morphology


osteochrome

(cytology) Any substance that stains bone tissue


photogravitropic

(biology) That moves or orientates under the influence of light and gravity


preproalbumin

(biochemistry) A precursor of an albumin that has an extension of amino acids at the N-terminus


presynthetic

(biochemistry) Relating to the synthesis of mRNA and proteins prior to interphase


protaminize

en-verb

protaminize (third-person singular simple present protaminizes, present participle protaminizing, simple past and past participle protaminized)

protaminizes (present singular third-person)
protaminizing (participle present)
protaminized (participle past)
protaminized (past)


radioantagonist

(biochemistry) An antagonist labelled with a radioisotope


sialometabolite

(biochemistry) Any metabolite derived from sialic acid


tensilin

(biochemistry) A form of stiffening protein in some sea creatures


threatspot

(biology) A location that is the habitat of a rare or threatened species.


vomocytosis

(biology) The expulsion of an organism from capture by a leucocyte or macrophage


potocytosis

From Latin poto (“I drink”) + cyto- (“cell”) + -osis.

af

(biology) A type of receptor-mediated endocytosis in which small molecules are transported by caveolae across the plasma membrane of a cell and deposited directly into the cytosol.


chitinoligosaccharide

(biochemistry) Any oligosaccharide present in chitin


deoxyhexosyl

(biochemistry, especially in combination) A univalent radical derived from a deoxyhexose


endogalactosidase

(biochemistry) An endocellular galactosidase


epitranscriptomic

(genetics) Relating to an epitranscriptome or to epitranscriptomics


track and bowl system

en-noun

track and bowl system (plural track and bowl systems)

(zoology) A saucer-shaped depression surrounded by tracks, dug by the male kakapo to enhance its booming mating call.


gigaxonin

(biochemistry) A particular cytoskeletal protein that contains kelch sequences


semicaptivity

(zoology) The condition of being kept partially in captivity.


isomaltodextrin

(biochemistry) An isomer of maltodextrin formed from isomaltose rather than maltose


mesobrowser

(biology) A medium-sized browser (animal that browses)


metalloisoenzyme

(biochemistry) Any isoenzyme that contains a metal atom which is essential for its biological activity


midtrophic

(biology) In the middle part of a food chain


monoestry

(biology) The condition of being monoestrous


motoneurogenesis

(biology) The generation of motor neurons


neuropeptidase

(biochemistry) A peptidase that breaks down neuropeptides


bombaceous

en-adj

bombaceous (comparative more bombaceous, superlative most bombaceous)

more bombaceous (comparative)
most bombaceous (superlative)

Where several cylinders have been joined together, and squeezed into a cake or ball, the mass is usually wrapped in large leaves, which appear to belong to a malvaceous or bombaceous plant.

1896, Sir William Jackson Hooker, Companion to the Botanical Magazine:

Among the remarkable trees present the best known is the bombaceous Chorisia crispiflora, which has a barrel-like swollen trunk whose loose soft wood acts as a gigantic water-reservoir.

1925, Eugenius Warming, Isaac Bayley Balfour, Martin Vahl, Oecology of plants, page 294:

Alexander von Humboldt (1769–1859) in 1805 had already differentiated growth forms such as palms, banana form, malvaceous form, bombaceous form, mimosa form, heather, cactus form, orchids, casuarinas, conifer, arum form, lianas, aloe form, grass form, ferns, lilies, willow form, myrtle form, Melastoma form, and laurel form (see Lomolino et al., 2004).

2011, Andrew Millington, Mark Blumler, Udo Schickhoff, The SAGE Handbook of Biogeography, page 78:

A bombaceous tree here and there adorned the forest with its numerous purple flowers.

2014, Richard Spruce, Alfred Russel Wallace, Notes of a Botanist on the Amazon and Andes, page 300:

(botany, relational) Of the family Bombacoideae (a sub-family of Malvaceae)


pentosyl

(biochemistry, especially in combination) A univalent radical derived from a pentose


phasome

(genetics) The phase-variable genes of an organism


phytobrick

(biology) A standard part used in plant synthetic biology


pseudowhorl

(botany) Any arrangement of tightly-packed leaves that is not an actual whorl


superpromiscuity

(genetics) The condition of being superpromiscuous


tridecaploid

(genetics) Having thirteen complete sets of chromosomes in a single cell


acetotrophy

(biology) The condition of being acetotrophic


allocoprophagy

(biology) The feeding on excrement produced by other animals.


autoendolith

(biology) An endolith that deposits the same type of mineral that it inhabits


charasome

(biology) A convoluted plasma membrane domain in characean green algae


coenotype

(biology) The type of organism in a coenopopulation


granulocrine

(biology) Describing secretions that originate in protoplasm


hologenophore

(genetics) The specimen of an organism from which DNA is analysed / sequenced


hyperpiezophile

(biology) An extremophile that lives at a very high pressure


metabarcoder

(genetics) A device used in metabarcoding


molybdochaperone

(biochemistry) A chaperone for a molybdoenzyme


myxodiaspory

From myxo- (mucus) + diaspore (botany; seeds and fruit regarded together) + -ry.

af

(biology) The condition of having mucilaginous diaspores.


pericoronal

(botany) Surrounding a corona (of a flower)


photopeptide

(biochemistry) Any photoactivatable peptide


proteocatabolic

(biochemistry) Relating to protein catabolism


ripoptosome

(biology) An intracellular signalling complex formed in response to genotoxic stress


telocentromeric

(genetics, of a chromosome) Having a terminal centromere


histolocalization

en-noun

histolocalization (usually uncountable, plural histolocalizations)

(biology) The localization of a compound in a specific tissue.


cryptozoic

(zoology) Living in a cavity or small cave.


biofunctionalize

en-verb

biofunctionalize (third-person singular simple present biofunctionalizes, present participle biofunctionalizing, simple past and past participle biofunctionalized)

biofunctionalizes (present singular third-person)
biofunctionalizing (participle present)
biofunctionalized (participle past)
biofunctionalized (past)

(biology) To modify a material (especially a nanomaterial) to add biological function


colporoidate

(botany) Having colpi (typically of a designated number or type)


epichaperome

The nature of the epichaperome, therefore, which presents as stable, multi-partner complexes affected by strong interactions as opposed to other cellular forms of chaperomes present in dynamic complexes of weak interactions, provide opportunities for its detection through small molecules [...].

2020, Swathi Merugu et al., “Chemical Probes and Methods for Single-cell Detection and Quantification of Epichaperones in Hematologic Malignancies”, in David M. Chenoweth, editor, Chemical Tools for Imaging, Manipulating, and Tracking Biological Systems: Diverse Methods for Optical Imaging and Conjugation (Methodis in Enzymology; 639), Cambridge, Mass., San Diego, Calif.: Academic Press, →ISBN, →ISSN, section 2.4 (Epichaperome Probes), page 294:

(biology) A network of chaperomes present in cancer cells.


equatorin

(biochemistry) An acrosomal protein present in mammalian sperm


haptomonad

(biology) An attached form of some promastigotes


histozoic

(biology, of a parasite) That lives within the tissue / cells of a host


hologenomic

(genetics) Relating to a hologenome or to hologenomics


homoselenocysteine

(biochemistry) The amino acid HSeCH₂CH₂CH(NH₂)COOH


hyperstaining

(cytology) An exceptionally high level of staining


hypostomium

(botany) The region immediately anterior of a stomium


ambush predator

en-noun

ambush predator (plural ambush predators)

For 10 million years after they arrived in Europe, despite the great numbers of small rodents present, cats showed no sign of prospering, let alone attaining the dominance among ambush predators they have today.

2018, Tim Flannery, Europe: A Natural History, page 89:

(biology, ethology) A carnivorous animal that prefers to capture or trap prey by stealth or strategy, rather than by speed or strength.


lipogenase

(biochemistry) Alternative form of lipoxygenase


liprotide

(biochemistry) A micellular complex of lipid surrounding a protein core


macrohair

(botany) A relatively large hair, typically on a bract or leaf


microbiont

(biology) A microorganism that has a close relationship with a host


myocardiogenesis

(biology) differentiation of tissue to form the myocardium


optoepigenetic

(genetics) Whose epigenetic activity is modulated by light


peptidogenesis

(biochemistry) The biogenesis of peptides


photoenvironment

(ecology) An environment that has a particular level of light


phytomorph

Interpretational Criteria During the initial stages of counting, it became apparent that some of the phytomorphs observed do not conform to established classification schemes.

1995, Salvatore A. Engel-Di Mauro, A Phytolith Analysis of Buried Soils in the Young Loess Sequence of Hungary:

(rare, botany) A specific morphology of a phytolith.

Various features of the phytomorphs were illustrated, described, and discussed in some detail in the paper, and their similarity to various living algae were pointed out.

1946, National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on a Treatise on Marine Ecology and Paleoecology, Report

(obsolete, paleontology) A hypothetical alga-like organism once thought to have had a symbiosis with some extinct fenestrid bryozoans, in an attempt to explain their unusual morphologies.


podostemoid

(botany) Any plant of the subfamily Podostemoideae


prelocalize

en-verb

prelocalize (third-person singular simple present prelocalizes, present participle prelocalizing, simple past and past participle prelocalized)

prelocalizes (present singular third-person)
prelocalizing (participle present)
prelocalized (participle past)
prelocalized (past)


pseudomycelium

(biology) An association of cells, in some bacteria and yeast, that resembles a mycelium


afroalpine

(ecology) Relating to the climates of the higher African mountains


ultraspecific

(biology) Relating to taxa at greater than species level


coronavirology

Progress has been rapid in coronavirology during the last few years, and interesting insights have been gained for virology in general.

1988, W. Spaan, “Coronaviruses: Structure and Genome Expression”, in Journal of General Virology, volume 69, page 2939:

The cloning/sequencing phase of coronavirology for which the 1980's will be partly remembered, has provided a sound framework for further studies of the virus structural proteins and also some provocative insights relevant to these studies.

1991, David Cavanagh, Coronaviruses and their Diseases, page v:

A key determinant of virus pathogenesis is the distribution of host cell receptor for the virus in question. This aspect of coronavirology has been reviewed.

2000, Madeleine W. Cunningham, Effects of Microbes on the Immune System, page 333:

(virology) The scientific study of coronaviruses.


coronavirologist

Coronaviruses were declared a distinct virus group by Tyrrell and an international group of coronavirologists in 1968, on the basis of their appearance under the electron microscope after negative staining, ether lability and RNA content.

1987, Susan Gale Robbins, Molecular Interactions in the Replication of Mouse Hepatitis Virus:

Evidently, this will be the major challenge for coronavirologists in the years to come.

1995, S. Siddell, The Coronaviridae, page 134:

As a coronavirologist, I am tempted to translate the eponymic prefix as ‘crown’ and confer the regal attribute to my favourite viruses.

2004 April 1, Marian C Horzinek, “The bright future of coronavirology”, in Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery:

Before the emergence of the original SARS, the study of coronaviruses was a professional backwater. “There has been such a deluge of attention on we coronavirologists,” said Susan R. Weiss, a virologist at the University of Pennsylvania. “It is quite in contrast to previously being mostly ignored.”

2020 June 2, Alan Burdick, “Monster or Machine? A Profile of the Coronavirus at 6 Months”, in The New York Times:

(virology) A scientist who studies coronaviruses.


biotaxonomic

(biology, taxonomy) Relating to biotaxonomy


borealization

(ecology) Conversion to the ecology of a typical northern coniferous forest


deramification

en-noun

deramification (countable and uncountable, plural deramifications)

(biology) The removal of branch structures


coronavirion

Recent biochemical studies have revealed that the single-stranded RNA of several coronaviruses is polyadenylated, indicating that it is probably of positive polarity, and the genome of infectious bronchitis virus has been reported to be infectious, supporting evidence that the coronavirion RNA has a message function.

1979 January, Douglas A. Kennedy, “Inhibition of coronavirus 229E replication by actinomycin D”, in Journal of Virology, volume 29, number 1, page 401:

Coronavirions are pleomorphic, although generally spherical, 60 to 220 nm in diameter and bear widely spaced, club-shaped surface projections about 20 nm in length.

1983, Stuart Siddell, “The Biology of Coronaviruses”, in Journal of General Virology, volume 64, page 761:

Our cryo-tomograms of whole coronavirions provide direct insight into the 3D structure of CoVs, revealing important features of the virion envelope and the RNP.

2009 January 13, Montserrat Bárcena, “Cryo-electron tomography of mouse hepatitis virus: Insights into the structure of the coronavirion”, in PNAS, volume 106, number 2, page 582:

(virology) An individual particle of a coronavirus.


anticoronavirus

Some cross-reactivity occurred when bovine coronavirus was present in the fecal specimens and required blocking with bovine anticoronavirus serum.

1986, Alberto J. L. Macario, Monoclonal antibodies against bacteria, volume 3, page 306:

By neutralization tests, we studied the specific antirotavirus and anticoronavirus activity in raw milks, heat-treated milks and their corresponding ammonium sulfate-precipitated fractions, and in ultrafiltration fractions.

1987, Journal of Food Protection, volume 50, page 537:

Serological data showed a significant difference between MS patients and control subjects in titers of anticoronavirus antibodies in the cerebrospinal fluid.

1997 January, Aurelio Bonavia, “Infection of Primary Cultures of Human Neural Cells by Human Coronaviruses 229E and OC43”, in Journal of Virology, volume 71, number 1, page 800:

(virology, immunology) Acting against coronavirus (usually in reference to antibodies).


coronaviruslike

en-adj

coronaviruslike (comparative more coronaviruslike, superlative most coronaviruslike)

more coronaviruslike (comparative)
most coronaviruslike (superlative)
coronavirus-like (alternative)

Coronaviruslike particles (CVLPs) in fecal samples have been inconsistently associated with diarrhea and other gastrointestinal symptoms in humans.

1985 September, “Coronaviruslike particles in human gastrointestinal disease: epidemiologic, clinical, and laboratory observations”, in American Journal of Diseases of Children, volume 139, page 928:

The presence of negative-stranded sgRNAs in infected cells, which has recently been described for coronaviruses (35, 36), would be an important indication for a coronaviruslike transcription mechanism in EAV.

1991 June, Johan den Boon, “Equine arteritis virus is not a togavirus but belongs to the coronaviruslike superfamily”, in Journal of Virology, volume 65, number 6, page 2910:

This group of viruses includes rotaviruses, adenoviruses, Norwalk and Norwalk-like viruses, caliciviruses, astroviruses, and viruses having a coronaviruslike morphology.

1995, Patrick R. Murray, Manual of Clinical Microbiology, page 1017:


glucoconjugated

(biochemistry) glycoconjugated with glucose


hypopolyploid

(genetics) Having a number of chromosomes that is less than polyploid


invadolysin

(biochemistry) Any of a class of metalloproteinase associated with mitosis and cell migration


metataxonomy

(taxonomy) The taxonomy of an entire microbiota


antirotavirus

(virology, immunology) Acting against rotaviruses (usually in reference to antibodies).


neosomy

en-noun

neosomy (countable and uncountable, plural neosomies)

(biology) An intrastadial metamorphosis associated with arthropod symbiosis


pleurotoid

(biology) Characteristic of fungi of the genus Pleurotus (having laterally-attached fruiting bodies).


recodonise

en-verb

recodonise (third-person singular simple present recodonises, present participle recodonising, simple past and past participle recodonised)

recodonises (present singular third-person)
recodonising (participle present)
recodonised (participle past)
recodonised (past)

(genetics) To rearrange the codons of a gene


riboendonuclease

(biochemistry) An endonuclease that acts upon RNA


sialoglycolipid

(biochemistry) Any glycolipid that contains sialic acid moieties


stratophenetic

(taxonomy) Relating to relationships between organisms that exist only as fossils


lirula

From Latin lirula, from lira (“ridge of soil between furrows”) + -ulus (“diminutive suffix”).

314. Seila assimilata C. B. Adams.
Plate IV, Fig. 8
Cerithiopsis assimilata C. B. Ad., […] Shell small, thin, turreted; nuclear whorls sinistral; whorls ten, ornamented with three prominent, sharp, equal, equidistant, raised spiral lines; interspaces between ridges crossed by numerous fine lirulas; suture indistinct; […]

1903, Ralph Arnold, The Paleontology and Stratigraphy of the Marine Pliocene and Pleistocene of San Pedro, California, page 290:

(malacology) A fine raised line on a mollusk shell.

(zoology) A tooth in the opercula of some bryozoans.


HCP

en-noun

HCP (countable and uncountable, plural HCPs)

(biotechnology, biochemistry, countable) Initialism of host cell protein.


adipomyokine

(biochemistry) A glycoprotein form of cytokine associated with adipose tissue


MRSE

Staphylococcus epidermidis
Staphylococcus epidermidis#Translingual

(medicine, microbiology) Initialism of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis.


ESBL

(medicine, biochemistry, microbiology) Initialism of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase.


megalodontesid

(zoology) Any of the wood wasps in the family Megalodontesidae

megalodontid

technically invalid name in use before the family was renamed in 1996


ferret-badger

(zoology) Any of several small mustelid omnivores of the genus Melogale, of southern and eastern Asia, having a bushy tail and distinctive white or yellow markings on a black face.


allopelagic

(biology, of a marine organism) That lives at a variety of depths


biocharacterization

biocharacterization (usually uncountable, plural biocharacterizations)


chemosymbiotrophic

(biology) chemotrophic and symbiotrophic


cytomodulatory

(cytology) That modulates the growth of cells, typically of cancers


IDV

IDV (countable and uncountable, plural IDVs)

(medicine, microbiology) Initialism of influenza D virus.


deuteroconch

deuteroconch (plural deuteroconches or protoconchs)

deuteroconches (plural)
protoconchs (plural)

A microspheric nucleoconch does not have an obvious deuteroconch, and is followed by a spiral nepionic stage, no matter what the adult chamber arrangement may be.

1954, Alan Hilder Smout, Lower Tertiary Foraminifera of the Qatar Peninsula, British Museum (Natural History), page 25:

(zoology) The second chamber of ammonites and other cephalopods


disialyloctasaccharide

(biochemistry) Any octasaccharide that has two sialic acid moieties


ecophase

(biology, ecology) An ecological phase (in the life of an organism)


ecosystematist

(ecology) A biologist whose speciality is ecosystems


ethoscope

(biology) A device allowing the study of the behaviour of an organism (typically fruit flies)


telogonic

From Ancient Greek τέλος (télos, “degree of completion, end; telo-”) + Ancient Greek γόνος (gónos, “offspring; seed, genitals”) + -ic.

af

degree of completion, end; <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">telo-</i>

(zoology) Referring to nematodes in which new germ cells originate only at the distal end of the gonad.


hologonic

/ˌhɒl.əʊˈɡɒn.ɪk/

From Ancient Greek ὅλος (hólos, “whole, entire; holo-”) + Ancient Greek γόνος (gónos, “offspring; seed, genitals”) + -ic.

whole, entire; <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">holo-</i>

(zoology) Referring to nematodes in which the germinal area extends the whole length of the gonad.


gypsicolous

(biology) That thrives in soil containing gypsum


heteroarthrocarpic

(botany, of a fruit) Laterally divided into two different segments


crown virus

Inventions: 14 (9); e.g.: specific gamma-globulin against Auesky disease; ethanol vaccine against Auesky disease, bivalent vaccine against parainfection and adenoviruses of calves; inactivated vaccine against rhinotracheitis of cattle; three-valent serum against respiratory diseases of calves; vaccine against crown virus of calves, etc.

1993, “Haralambiev, Haralambi Evtimov”, in Who's who: Bulgaria '93, Sofia: Inter-idea, page 114:

Primarily the work of Hildebert Wagner at the Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, Munich, and Klaus Keplinger at Innsbruck University, studies revealed that cat's claw was antiviral in the feline crown virus, the lamb Maed visna virus, human herpesvirus, and effective against neurobronchitis and allergies.

2000, Herbal Companion to AHFS DI 2001, Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, →ISBN, page 15:

At the same time, a combination of α-interferon and ribavirin has been turned out to be efficient at the treatment of the widely distributed viral hepatitis C; this combination could also be promising for the therapy of the recent outbreak of the RNA-viral infection of atypical pneumonia induced by a crown virus.

2004, Konstantinova, I.D., Leont'eva, N.A., Galegov, G.A. et al., “Ribavirin: Biotechnological Synthesis and Effect on the Reproduction of Vaccinia Virus”, in Russian Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry, volume 30, number 6, →DOI, page 556:

(rare, virology) A member of the family Coronaviridae; a coronavirus.


VLP

virus-like particle
w:virus-like particle

(virology) Initialism of virus-like particle.


morbidostat

(biology) A device used to measure resistance of bacteria to drugs


multiliposomal

(biochemistry) Relating to multiple liposomes


RBP

retinol-binding protein
w:retinol-binding protein

(biochemistry) Initialism of retinol-binding protein.

RNA-binding protein
w:RNA-binding protein

(biochemistry) Initialism of RNA-binding protein.


FFR

iFR

instantaneous wave-free ratio; instant flow reserve

(ecology) Abbreviation of free-flowing river.


oligonitrophilic

(biology) That needs relatively little nitrogen in order to achieve nitrogen fixation


organokine

(biochemistry) Any cytokine that regulates the cells of a particular organ


oxyregulator

(biology) Any organism that can achieve oxyregulation


feline infectious peritonitis

en-noun

feline infectious peritonitis (uncountable)

(veterinary medicine) An uncommon but usually fatal cat disease caused by an aberrant immune response to infection with feline coronavirus (FCoV).


alphacoronaviral

[Caption of figure 3:] (C and D) MTase assays of alphacoronaviral nsp16 (C) and betacoronaviral nsp16 (D) stimulated by the noncognate nsp10 from a coronavirus of the same genus.

2015 August, Wang YSun YWu Aet al., “Coronavirus nsp10/nsp16 Methyltransferase Can Be Targeted by nsp10-Derived Peptide In Vitro and In Vivo To Reduce Replication and Pathogenesis”, in Journal of Virology, volume 89, number 16, →DOI, page 8421:

Topology of the HCoV-NL63 M protein has not been assessed yet, but one may assume that alphacoronaviral M proteins may adopt Nₑₓₒ-Cₑₓₒ topology allowing for C-terminal modification.

2018 September 5, Naskalska ADabrowska ANowak PSzczepanski AJasik KMilewska Aet al., “Novel coronavirus-like particles targeting cells lining the respiratory tract”, in PLoS ONE, volume 13, number 9, →DOI, page 16:

(virology) Relating to alphacoronaviruses.


betacoronaviral

S1 Fig. Sequence alignment of betacoronaviral Mᵖʳᵒ. Modified from an output from ESPript [36].

2015 December 14, Ho B-L, Cheng S-C, Shi L, Wang T-Y, Ho KI, Chou C-Y, “Critical Assessment of the Important Residues Involved in the Dimerization and Catalysis of MERS Coronavirus Main Protease”, in PLoS ONE, volume 10, number 12, →DOI, page 15:

(virology) Relating to betacoronaviruses.


noncoronavirus

Taken together, the results of this study demonstrated for the first time that the BCV genome contains a sequence that functions as a packaging signal, at least when appended to a noncoronavirus RNA.

2000 January, Raymond Cologna, Brenda G. Hogue, “Identification of a Bovine Coronavirus Packaging Signal”, in Journal of Virology, volume 74, number 1, →DOI, page 582:

Fort Carson soldiers worked Thursday to convert a Seattle football stadium into a 250-bed hospital that will treat noncoronavirus patients so that civilian hospitals can focus on those with the deadly, flu-like disease.

2020 April 2, Tom Roeder, “Fort Carson soldiers turn Seattle stadium into coronavirus relief hospital”, in The Gazette, Colorado Springs, CO:

(virology) Not pertaining to coronaviruses; noncoronaviral.


noncoronavirus

noncoronaviruses (plural)
non-coronavirus (alternative)

The SARS virus is a coronavirus, which is significantly different from other human coronaviruses. There is no evidence of exchange of genetic material with noncoronaviruses.

2010, Michael Beach, “Pandemics”, in Disaster Preparedness and Management, Philadelphia: F.A. Davis Company, →ISBN, page 153:

It is unknown whether this signal of positive selection results from the MERS-CoV progenitor, from another DPP4-utilizing bat coronavirus, such as BtCoV-HKU4, or from a noncoronavirus that also utilizes DPP4.

2015, Kayla M. Peck, Christina L. Burch, Mark T. Heise, Ralph S. Baric, “Coronavirus Host Range Expansion and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Emergence: Biochemical Mechanisms and Evolutionary Perspectives”, in Annual Review of Virology, volume 2, number 1, →DOI, page 99:

(virology) That which is not a coronavirus.


gammacoronaviral

Our high-resolution data have enabled a precise study of transcription and translation in cells infected with both pathogenic and attenuated forms of IBV and expand our understanding of gammacoronaviral gene expression.

2019 August, Adam M. Dinan, Sarah Keep, Erica Bickerton, Paul Britton, Andrew E. Firth, Ian Brierley, “Comparative Analysis of Gene Expression in Virulent and Attenuated Strains of Infectious Bronchitis Virus at Subcodon Resolution”, in Journal of Virology, volume 93, number 18, →DOI, page 1:

(virology) Relating to gammacoronaviruses.


rotaviruslike

en-adj

rotaviruslike (comparative more rotaviruslike, superlative most rotaviruslike)

more rotaviruslike (comparative)
most rotaviruslike (superlative)
rotavirus-like (alternative)


rotavirion

The core of the rotavirion consists of three proteins, including the viral RNA polymerase, and 11 segments of double-stranded (ds)RNA.

2001, M. Barro, P. Mandiola, D. Chen, J. T. Patton, E. Spencer, “Identification of sequences in rotavirus mRNAs important for minus strand synthesis using antisense oligonucleotides”, in Virology, →DOI:

(virology) An individual particle of a rotavirus.


rotavirology

(virology) The scientific study of rotaviruses.


MTase

(biochemistry) Abbreviation of methyltransferase.


rotavirologist

(virology) A scientist who studies rotaviruses.


cytobiont

From cyto- + -biont or cytobiosis + -ont.

There is little or no probability of a nonphotosynthetic eukaryotic cytobiont existing in nonparasitic cytobiosis with a nonphotosynthetic host because of too great a similarity, and therefore competition, in nutritional requirements.

1983, Kwang W. Jeon, Intracellular Symbiosis, page 4:

In the more typical examples of cytobiosis described later, the cytobionts are located within the cytoplasm in small vacuoles or, more rarely, embedded within the cytoplasm itself.

1990, Gerard M. Capriulo, Ecology of Marine Protozoa, page 328:

(biology) An organism involved in cytobiosis.


cytobiosis

(biology) Symbiosis in which one of the symbiotic organisms exists within a cells of the other.


cytobiotic

(biology) Relating to, or exhibiting, cytobiosis.


auxotype

(cytology) A subtype of Neisseria bacteria defined by its distinctive growth responses on a medium.


auxotype

en-verb

auxotype (third-person singular simple present auxotypes, present participle auxotyping, simple past and past participle auxotyped)

auxotypes (present singular third-person)
auxotyping (participle present)
auxotyped (participle past)
auxotyped (past)

(cytology) To carry out differential staining of different Neisseria bacteria that have requirements for different nutrients.


proteocatalytic

(biochemistry) catalytic by means of a proteasome


Adlet

(cryptozoology, mythology) Alternative letter-case form of adlet (“half-human, half-dog cryptid”)


goblet cell

The cell is named for its goblet-like shape. The apical portion is shaped like a cup and the basal portion is shaped like a stem.

(cytology) A column-shaped secretory cell found in the epithelium of the respiratory and intestinal tract that secretes the principal constituents of mucus.


rhodopeptin

(biochemistry) Any of a group of antifungal cyclic tetrapeptides present in a Rhodococcus


schizodactylous

(zoology) Having some toes facing forward and some facing backwards


turncurtovirus

(virology) Any virus of the genus Turncurtovirus.


velaglucerase

(biochemistry) a form of glucocerebrosidase


xenodiversity

(ecology) Diversity due to the presence of "foreign" organisms.


xylotransferase

(biochemistry) A transferase that transfers xylose groups.


anthocyanescence

(botany) The formation of red pigments (such as anthocyanin) as a symptom of disease


biovariability

en-noun

biovariability (countable and uncountable, plural biovariabilities)


bistratosity

(botany) The condition of being bistratose


cladocarpous

(botany) Having fruit at the end of branches


dihomomethionine

(biochemistry) The amino acid 2-amino-6-(methylthio)hexanoic acid


electrophoretise

en-verb

electrophoretise (third-person singular simple present electrophoretises, present participle electrophoretising, simple past and past participle electrophoretised)

electrophoretises (present singular third-person)
electrophoretising (participle present)
electrophoretised (participle past)
electrophoretised (past)

(biochemistry) To separate proteins by means of electrophoresis


jararhagin

(biochemistry) A hemorrhagic metalloproteinase in the venom of the snake Bothrops jararaca


cholecystokininergic

(biochemistry) Produced or activated by cholecystokinin.


anticholecystokinin

(biochemistry) That counters the effect of cholecystokinin.


pectinolysis

(biochemistry) The biochemical hydrolysis of pectin


phyllochron

(botany) The time interval between the sequential appearance of leaves on a plant (typically on a cereal)


synovin

(biochemistry) The mucin found in synovia.


pseudotime

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-pseudotime.wav

(biology) An inferred time in the development of a cell.


saprine

(biochemistry) A ptomaine from the putrefying abdominal viscera.


septicine

(biochemistry) A ptomaine obtained from decaying flesh.


sociogenomic

(sociology, genetics) Relating to sociogenomics


transgalactooligosaccharide

(biochemistry) The normal form of galactooligosaccharide


tristratose

(anatomy, botany) Composed of three cell layers


en-noun

hrsACE2 (countable and uncountable, plural hrsACE2s)

angiotensin converting enzyme 2
angiotensin converting enzyme 2#English

(biochemistry) Abbreviation of human recombinant soluble angiotensin converting enzyme 2. (a genetically modified soluble form of ACE2)

human recombinant soluble ACE2

human recombinant soluble angiotensin-converting enzyme 2


ACE2 (countable and uncountable, plural ACE2s)

(biochemistry) Abbreviation of angiotensin converting enzyme 2.

human recombinant soluble ACE2

a genetically modified soluble form of ACE2


ACE1 (countable and uncountable, plural ACE1s)

angiotensin converting enzyme 1
angiotensin converting enzyme 1#English

(biochemistry) Abbreviation of angiotensin converting enzyme 1.


spike protein

Many vaccines against the coronavirus, as well as several treatments, take aim at its spike protein, the virus’s most potent weapon — and its Achilles’ heel. Without its spikes, the pathogen can’t get into human cells.

2020 July 28, Katherine J. Wu, “The Coronavirus Could Dodge Some Treatments, Study Suggests”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

(virology) A protein used to bind or connect membranes together, such as a transmembrane link between a virus and a cell.

moesin

a human spike protein encoded by the MSN gene, used to link intracellular membranes


barriology

(biology) The study of cellular barriers


resilium

(zoology) An internal ligament that holds together the two valves of certain bivalve mollusks.


resilifer

(zoology) A recess or a process for the attachment of the resilium.


schizodont

The schizodont arrangement is found in most unionids.

(zoology) Having reverse V-shaped scissurate hinge teeth, and often an elongated lateral tooth.


schizodont

(zoology) An organism having hinge teeth of this kind.


jewel box

(zoology) Any of the Chamidae, a family of bivalves.


anodont

(zoology) Having a strong ligament, or a series of transverse ligamental grooves, instead of true hinge teeth.


coleoptericin

(biochemistry) Any of a group of antibacterial proteins present in some insects


protandrogonous

Probably from prot- + andro- + Ancient Greek γονή (gonḗ, “offspring; genitals”) + -ous, from πρῶτος (prôtos, “first, earliest”) + ἀνήρ (anḗr, “man, male”).

af

protoandrogonous (alternative)
proto-androgonous (alternative)

Strongyloides stercoralis
Strongyloides stercoralis#Translingual

(nematology) Referring to female forms of certain nematodes (Strongyloides stercoralis), in which male reproductive organs develop and disappear before female reproductive organs develop.


diploinsufficiency

en-noun

diploinsufficiency (countable and uncountable, plural diploinsufficiencies)

(genetics) The state of a diploid organism having only a single copy of a particular gene, the other copy being inactivated due to mutation


upmethylate

en-verb

upmethylate (third-person singular simple present upmethylates, present participle upmethylating, simple past and past participle upmethylated)

upmethylates (present singular third-person)
upmethylating (participle present)
upmethylated (participle past)
upmethylated (past)

(genetics) To methylate (a gene) more than usually


downmethylate

downmethylate (third-person singular simple present downmethylates, present participle downmethylating, simple past and past participle downmethylated)

downmethylates (present singular third-person)
downmethylating (participle present)
downmethylated (participle past)
downmethylated (past)

(genetics) To methylate (a gene) less than usually


downmethylation

(genetics) The process, or the result of downmethylating


excretome

(biochemistry) That part of a proteome consisting of proteins excreted from a cell


glucohexokinase

en-noun

glucohexokinase (countable and uncountable, plural glucohexokinases)


hypercompetition

(economics, biology) An elevated level of competition (between companies or organisms)


hyperhydricity

(botany) The result of excessive hydration


lachryphagy

(biology) The condition of being lachryphagous.


mercapturate

(biochemistry) Any salt of mercapturic acid


mercapturation

(biochemistry) The formation of mercapturates, or of mercapturic acids


oxylipidomics

(biochemistry) The lipidomics of oxylipids


photobiotechnology

(biochemistry) photochemical biotechnology (typically employing photosynthesis)


procrusculum

From pro- (“before”) + Latin crusculum (“small leg or shank”), from diminutive of crūs (“leg, shank, shin”).

af

(zoology) The ambulatory buds of rediae.


rhinocerosin

(biochemistry) An antibacterial protein present in larvae of a rhinoceros beetle, Oryctes rhinoceros


sapromycophagous

(biology) saprophagous and/or mycophagous


spirocyclase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyses a spirocyclization reaction, especially the formation of a spiroketal


strombine

(biochemistry) The derivative of alanine 2-(carboxymethylamino)propanoic acid


synanthropy

(biology) The condition of being synanthropic


ultramutation

en-noun

ultramutation (countable and uncountable, plural ultramutations)


androhermaphrodite

(botany) That produces both male and bisexual flowers


neisseria

neisseria (plural neisserias or neisseriae)

(bacteriology) Any of several Gram-negative bacteria of the genus Neisseria.


moraxella

moraxella (plural moraxellas or moraxellae)

Borrowed from translingual Moraxella (genus name).

(bacteriology) Any of several short rod-shaped Gram-negative bacteria of the genus Moraxella (under family Moraxellaceae) which includes the causative agent (Moraxella lacunata) of catarrhal conjunctivitis; the bacterium inhabits the mucous membranes of mammals and causes infections of the middle ear, respiratory tract, and conjunctiva.


ectocolpus

(botany) A groove on the surface of a pollen grain


germinosome

(biology) A cluster of germinant receptors on the inner membrane of a spore


haploweb

(genetics) A graphical representation of related haplotypes


maxiferritin

(biochemistry) A form of ferritin that has a large internal cavity


thymidineless

DNA synthesis decreases due to lack of thymidine, leading to imbalanced cell growth and “thymidine-less death” of rapidly dividing cells.

2015, Kourtney LaPlant, Paige Louzon, “Anticancer Drugs”, in Karen Whalen, Richard Finkel, Thomas A. Panavelil, editors, Lippincott Illustrated Reviews: Pharmacology, 6th edition, Wolters Kluwer, →ISBN, page 596:


photooxidase

photooxidase (usually uncountable, plural photooxidases)


preprosomatostatin

(biochemistry) A precursor of prosomatostatin


tomont

(microbiology) The life-stage of a protozoan where it encysts and reproduces.


tomocyst

(microbiology) An encysted form of a tomont.


epedaphic

(ecology) That lives on or above the ground


xylopodium

(botany) A woody stem or root, typically underground.


AII

(biochemistry) Abbreviation of angiotensin II.


bioelemental

(biochemistry) Relating to elements of biochemical origin


cerebroprotein

cerebroprotein (countable and uncountable, plural cerebroproteins)

(biochemistry) The protein content of brain tissue


chlorenchymatous

(botany) Relating to, or composed of chlorenchyma


coenocline

From Ancient Greek κοινός (koinós, “common”) plus Ancient Greek κλίνω (klínō, “to lean”).

(ecology) A gradient of organisms (typically plants) from the base to the summit of a hill or mountain


glucuronoconjugated

(biochemistry) Conjugated with glucuronic acid.


glucuronoconjugation

(biochemistry) Conjugation with glucuronic acid.


magnetoferritin

(biochemistry) A superparamagnetic form of ferritin that contains magnetic ferric oxide in its interior


TIMP

(biochemistry) Initialism of thioinosine monophosphate.


TGMP

(biochemistry) Initialism of thioguanine monophosphate.


Notably, mouse lines targeting genes codifying for serotonin receptors, for enzymes involved in 5-HT synthesis as Tph1 and Tph2, in its metabolism as monoaminoxidase A (MAOA) or in its re-uptake as serotonin transporter (SERT), have been generated.

2015 August 21, “Generation of a Tph2 Conditional Knockout Mouse Line for Time- and Tissue-Specific Depletion of Brain Serotonin”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) Initialism of 5-hydroxytryptamine.


dFdC

(biochemistry) Abbreviation of difluorodeoxycytidine.


MTIC

(biochemistry) Initialism of methyltriazenoimidazole carboxamide.


otolin

otolin (countable and uncountable, plural otolins)

(biochemistry) A protein found in the inner ear of vertebrates.


multialignment

(genetics) alignment with multiple genetic sequencies


perithallus

(botany) The layer of cells surrounding a thallus


kackle

With mated birds, however, the preening bird was not aggressive and approached the partner with appeasement displays such as Head Jerks, Kackles and ambivalent movements.

Females never revealed their sex during greetings; no females solicited copulations or produced calls other than 'kackles'.

1999, Proceedings: Biological sciences, page 546:

Black-throated Finches give 'kackles' in the same situations as do Long-tailed Finches, and they appear to have the same appeasement function.

2012, Joseph Michael Forshaw, Mark Shephard, Grassfinches in Australia, page 181:

(ornithology) A low raspy noise accompanied by head jerks, used to signal appeasement in some species.


kackle

en-verb

kackle (third-person singular simple present kackles, present participle kackling, simple past and past participle kackled)

kackles (present singular third-person)
kackling (participle present)
kackled (participle past)
kackled (past)

A bird 'kackling' while alighting may be ignored or greeted in return with weak 'kackles' and headjerks.

2012, Joseph Michael Forshaw, Mark Shephard, Grassfinches in Australia, page 167:

(ornithology) To make a kackle while jerking the head, signalling appeasement.


superenhancer

(genetics) A region of a genome composed of many enhancers


thiogalactopyranosidase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of a thiogalactopyranoside


species-rich

en-adj

species-rich (comparative more species-rich, superlative most species-rich)

more species-rich (comparative)
most species-rich (superlative)

The most common and species-rich backboned animal (vertebrates) worldwide and at Wembury are, arguably, the fish.


proverse

proverse (comparative more proverse, superlative most proverse)

more proverse (comparative)
most proverse (superlative)

From Latin prōversus (“turned forwards”), perfect passive participle of prōvertō (“to turn forwards”), from prō- (“before, in front of”) + vertō (“to turn”). By surface analysis, pro- + -verse. Doublet of prose.

The divide between proverse and obverse markings is obvious, particularly in resting burrows which form the most common type in this group.

1970, T. P. Crimes, J. C. Harper, Trace Fossils, page 457:

Proverse scratches are due to a headdown attitude of the body, whereby only the diggings of the anterior legs are preserved in the undertrace (Pl. 13).

2007, Adolf Seilacher, Trace Fossil Analysis, page 192:

The proverse direction of leg marks in the anterior and long, deep endopodal scratches make Form A strikingly similar to the Upper Cambrian or possibly lowermost Ordovician (Seilacher 2007) Australian Rusophycus latus Webby, a rusophyciform version of the Upper Cambrian Omani Cruziana omanica (Seilacher).

2008, Mary-Ruth Kotelnicki, Remnants of Cruising Trilobites, page 31:


amylohydrolase

(biochemistry) Any hydrolase that hydrolyses starch


anticholinesterasic

(biochemistry) Relating to, or functioning as anticholinesterase


antimycogram

(biology) A laboratory procedure in which samples of a fungus are treated with a variety of antimycotics


arachnivore

(biology) Any organism that eats spiders


arbuscocyte

(cytology) An arbuscular (dendritic) cell


biodesign

en-noun

biodesign (countable and uncountable, plural biodesigns)

(biology) The design of biological systems


blisterase

(biochemistry) A proprotein convertase, similar to subtilisin, present in nematodes


deltate

From delta (a greek letter of triangular form) + -ate (adjective-forming suffix).


chionophobe

From Ancient Greek χιών (khiṓn, “snow”) + -phobe.

(biology) Any plant that does nor thrive in snowy conditions


chionophobous

(biology) Relating to or characteristic of chionophobes.


plasma protein

(biochemistry) A protein present in the blood plasma.


cyclophorase

(biochemistry) Any of a group of oxidative enzymes associated with mitochondria


deoxyribodipyrimidine

(biochemistry) A dimer formed from deoxyribopyrimidine by the action of ultraviolet light


free-floating

(biology) That floats in water without attachment to anything and with no means of propulsion


furcocercous

From Medieval Latin furcātus (“forked, branched”), from Latin furca (“fork”) + -cercous.

bor

On examining these, we found one or two infected with cercariae belonging to the furcocercous or fork tailed group.

1946, Paul Bartsch, Schistosomophora in China, page 2:

The cercaria is an apharyngeal, distome cercaria of the furcocercous, brevifurcate type with pigmented eyespots .

1958, Parasitology Reprints: Trematoda, Schistosoma - Volume 1, page 711:

Miller (1926) published a monograph of furcocurcous cercariae, and Cort and Brooks (1928) reported on the holostome cercariae in the Doublas Lake Region of Michigan.

1972, Thomas Allen Erlandson, The Larval Trematode Parasites of Snails Inhabiting a Semipermanent Pond, and Ecological Factors Affecting Their Seasonal Occurrence, page 1:

(biology, of a cercaria) Having a forked tail


gyroxin

(biochemistry) A toxin present in the venom of the rattlesnake Crotalus durissus


hexogenesis

(biochemistry) The biogenesis of hexoses


hypertely

(biology) An extreme degree of imitative colouration


isoinhibitor

(biochemistry) Any material that inhibits the action of two or more others equally


leafburst

(botany) The eruption of a new leaf through the underlying tissue


oxythermal

(ecology, of a water environment) warm and rich in oxygen


zoosphere

en-noun

zoosphere (countable and uncountable, plural zoospheres)

zoospheres (plural)
zoösphere (alternative)

[…] this mode of selection does not seem to apply to the zoosphere of the investigated Antarctic sediments.

1988, Wolfgang Reichardt, “Impact of the Antarctic Benthic Fauna on the Enrichment of Biopolymer Degrading Psychrophilic Bacteria”, in Microbial Ecology, volume 15, number 3, page 319:

(ecology) A layer in which animals are present.


phytopolyphenol

(biochemistry) Any polyphenol of plant origin


Tn

(biochemistry, medicine) Abbreviation of troponin.


selenometabolism

(biochemistry) The metabolism of selenium compounds, typically of selenoproteins


taxonogenomic

(taxonomy, genetics) Relating to taxonogenomics


tuberculoventral

By surface analysis, tubercul(um) + -o- + ventr(um) + -al.


glucosylgalactose

(biochemistry) A disaccharide composed of glucose and galactose found in collagen.


sparrows' wedding

en-noun

sparrows' wedding (plural sparrows' weddings)

(ornithology) a group of chirping sparrows (often males around a single female) usually occurring in the spring and early summer


amphioceanic

(biology) That inhabits two oceans (typically the Arctic and North Atlantic or North Pacific)


aneupolyploidy

(genetics) The condition of being aneupolyploid


theromorph

This functional configuration is as different from that of monkeys as the monkeys' is from that of the theromorphs. Monkeys share with certain theromorphs the possibility of having a free hand when seated […]

1993, André Leroi-Gourhan, Gesture and Speech, page 61:

(zoology) Any member of the Theromorpha.


tTG

(biochemistry) Abbreviation of tissue transglutaminase.


geoecosystem

(geology, ecology) An ecosystem associated with a particular geological niche


heteroxylous

(biology, of a tree) Having wood of different types (typically heartwood and sapwood)


sGC

guanylyl cyclase
guanylyl cyclase#English

(biochemistry) Abbreviation of soluble guanylyl cyclase.


lipocarbohydrate

(biochemistry) A complex of lipid and carbohydrate


neprosin

(biochemistry) A peptidase present in the digestive fluid of the pitcher plant Nepenthes ventrata


pathotroph

(biology) An organism that derives nourishment from a pathogen


phosphonull

(biochemistry) Not modified by phosphomimetics


polyaminosaccharide

(biochemistry) Any polymeric aminosaccharide


pseudomonomerous

From pseudo- + monomerous. By surface analysis, pseudo- + mono + -merous.

surf

(botany) Apparently monomerous, but actually composed of two fused parts.


quadranucleotide

(genetics) a codon containing four nucleotides


rhizocretion

(botany) A concretion on the roots of a plant


synzoochory

(biology) The dispersal of seed by animals who store them in a cache


telocollagen

(biochemistry) A form of collagen that terminates in a telopeptide


thigmotherm

(biology) An animal that derives warmth from a warm object in its environment


aggrephagy

(biology) autophagy or protein aggregates


chronic bee paralysis virus

Apis mellifera
Apis mellifera#Translingual

(virology) A virus that infects bees such as those of species Apis mellifera and causes paralysis and death of the bees.


vagrate

en-verb

vagrate (third-person singular simple present vagrates, present participle vagrating, simple past and past participle vagrated)

vagrates (present singular third-person)
vagrating (participle present)
vagrated (participle past)
vagrated (past)

There is scarcely any doubt, however, that a few do breed in the Carn districts, and that they vagrate out to surrounding hills.

1895, John Alexander Harvie-Brown, Thomas E. Buckley, A Fauna of the Moray Basin - Volume 2, page 156:

A moth that is possessed by the instinct to migrate (which is the wrong word; moths do not "migrate" as the zoologist knows migration; they "vagrate"), soars almost as soon as its wings are dry; the very first flight that it makes is the flight that carries it across the sea.

1940, The Entomologist; Volumes 73-75, page 205:

The neonate larvae appear from mid-June to early July and vagrate to the leaves, where they settle, preferably on the lower side.

1953, İstanbul Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi Mecmuası:

Most western vagrants involve species that frequently vagrate to the East; the only exceptions are all from the Southwest: Broad-billed Hummingbird, Tropical/ Couch's Kingbird, and Cassin's Sparrow (DeSante & Pyle, 1986).

2006, Laurence Charles Binford, Birds of the Keweenaw Peninsula, Michigan, page 220:

(zoology) To wander randomly before settling in a new place to live.


furcasternum

(entomology) The posterior part of an insect sternum bearing the furca


ichnotype

(taxonomy) A footprint of a type specimen (especially an extinct one)


idiobiology

(biology) The study of biological individuals


proctiger

(entomology) The terminal segment of an insect's abdomen, containing the anus.


epiproct

(entomology) Either of the lateral lobes of the proctiger.


lufaxin

(biochemistry) A protein in the saliva of sand flies


microparasol

(biology) A perinuclear complex of microtubules that protects the nucleus of a cell from damage by ultraviolet light


microratchet

(biology) A microscopic ratchet, typically formed from nanohairs


mitophylogenomic

(genetics) Relating to mitophylogenomics


monadicity

(philosophy, chemistry, biology, mathematics) The condition of being monadic


neuritin

(biochemistry) A neurotrophic protein that promotes neurite growth


Madrean

From Spanish madre + -an.
Named for the Sierra Madre Occidental

suffix

Spanish <i class="Latn mention" lang="es">madre</i>

He defined the Madrean archipelago as those island mountains with a pine-oak woodland.

1995, Peter Warshall, “The Madrean Sky Island Archipelago: A Planetary Overview”, in Rocky Mountain Forest, Range Experiment Station, General Technical Report RM, page 6:

(biogeography) Pertaining to the Sierra Madre Occidental


protamination

(biology) The formation of protamines during spermatogenesis


pterochorous

(botany, of seeds) Having "wings" that are used for dispersal by the wind


ubiquitinable

(biochemistry) That can be ubiquitinated


convicilin

en-noun

convicilin (countable and uncountable, plural convicilins)

(biochemistry) A trimeric globulin, related to vicilin, present in peas


exodeubiquitinase

exodeubiquitinase (countable and uncountable, plural exodeubiquitinases)


lapidicolous

From Latin lapis, lapid- (“stone”) + Latin -i- (linking vowel used in compound words) + Latin colō, col- (“cultivate; inhabit, dwell”) + -ous.

af

(biology) That lives around or under rocks or stones


limnofauna

en-noun

limnofauna (countable and uncountable, plural limnofaunas)

(biology) The animals that live in fresh water


elosulfase

(biochemistry) An enzyme that mimics the activity of a sulfatase


lanceoloid

en-adj

lanceoloid (comparative more lanceoloid, superlative most lanceoloid)

more lanceoloid (comparative)
most lanceoloid (superlative)

Carex rosea generally has ovoid-lanceoloid perigynia with a length-width ratio of 2.0-2.5:1, and is non-rhizomatous as well.

1987 December 28, “Carex socialis (Cyperaceae): A New Record for the Atlantic Coastal Plain”, in Castanea, volume 52, number 4, page 311:

(botany) Three-dimensional, narrow at both ends with the widest part below the middle.


melittophilous

(botany, of plants) That attract insects such as ants or bees which then pollinate the flower


microtomentum

However, you can still separate these genera from Lucilia because the thorax of each genus (Cynomya and Cyanus) is covered with whitish microtomentum while it is not in Lucilia.

2012, Terry Whitworth, Tips For Using The Keys More Effectively And Errata:

(entomology) A very fine pubescence that appears as a color pattern except under high magnification.


microtomentose

microtomentose (comparative more microtomentose, superlative most microtomentose)

more microtomentose (comparative)
most microtomentose (superlative)

(entomology) Covered with microtomentum.


romerogram

Named after American paleontologist Alfred Romer + -o- + -gram.

named-after

(paleontology, uncommon) A cladogram that doubles as a spindle diagram.


spindle diagram

en-noun

spindle diagram (plural spindle diagrams)

(paleontology) A diagram showing diversity of taxa through time by the thickness of lines, often as part of a cladogram.


leafule

There are other forest ferns with golden, translucent scales, but their leaves are very different from those of Christmas fern – usually much lacier because each frond is divided into leaflets, which are further divided into separate leafules.

2013 May 20, Elizabeth Farnsworth, “Fabulous Forest Ferns”, in Northern Woodlands:

(botany) A subdivision of a leaflet (which is in turn a subdivision of a leaf).


DNAemia

DNAemia (countable and uncountable, plural DNAemias)

DNAemias (plural)
DNAaemia (alternative)

(medicine, virology) The presence of the DNA of a specific virus in the blood.


BKPyV

(virology) Abbreviation of BK polyomavirus.


RNAemia

RNAemia (countable and uncountable, plural RNAemias)

RNAemias (plural)
RNAaemia (alternative)

(medicine, virology) The presence of the RNA of a specific virus in the blood.


MCPyV

Merkel cell polyomavirus
Merkel cell polyomavirus#English

(virology) Abbreviation of Merkel cell polyomavirus.


interorganellular

The hypothesis that the fusion of the two chloroplasts, just like nuclear fusion, brings together the ct-DNA from parental types resulting in an “interorganellular gene recombination" by physical exchange of pieces of DNA is very attractive […]

(biology, rare) Relating to, or functioning via interaction between organelles.


floricane

An experiment was carried out to investigate whether detached segments of floricanes during winter pruning of erect blackberries could be used as a source of propagating material.

1997 July, HortScience, volume 32, number 4, →DOI:

(botany) A stem of some species of Rubus in its second year of growth, when it bears flowers.


creatine phosphokinase

creatine phosphokinase (plural creatine phosphokinases)

(biochemistry) The creatine kinase enzyme.

creatinfosfochinasi

creatine kinase — see also creatine kinase


CPK

creatine phosphokinase
creatine phosphokinase#English

(biochemistry) Initialism of creatine phosphokinase.


PCr

(biochemistry) Abbreviation of phosphocreatine.


creatine phosphate

creatine phosphate (plural creatine phosphates)

creatinfosfato

phosphocreatine — see also phosphocreatine


mycocellulose

(biochemistry) A form of cellulose, similar to chitin, that forms the membranes of fungi


postfrons

(entomology) The part of the frons of an insect above or behind the antennae.


prefrons

(entomology) The part of the frons of an insect ahead of or below the antennae.


subcallus

It is interesting to note that the presumed male of this species does not have shiny anterior tentorial pits but does have a pair of dark brown spots on the subcallus, these lacking in the female.

1985, Richard C. Wilkerson, “A new species of Stenotabanus (Brachytabanus) (Diptera: Tabanidae) with a key to the species of the subgenus”, in Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, volume 87, number 1, page 223:

(entomology) The lowest of the calli on the frons of some species of horse flies.


polster

It is on this rocky surface that one finds many of the growth forms associated with extreme life conditions: polsters, mat plants, espaliers.

1915 April, F. J. Smiley, “The alpine and subapline vegetation of the Lake Tahoe region”, in Botanical Gazette, volume 59, page 265:

The polsters give the glacier the appearance of a cobble-strewn surface.

1972, Calvin J. Heusser, “Polsters of the moss Drepanocladus berggrenii on Gilkey Glacier, Alaska”, in Torreya, volume 99, number 1, pages 34–36:

Moss polsters were sampled using an equivalent surface cross-section area to that of the traps.

1991, P. R. Cundill, “Comparisons of moss polster and pollen trap data: a pilot study”, in Grana, volume 30, number 2, →DOI:

(botany) A clump of moss; a glacier mouse.


cryosere

Colonization of mosses on glaciers, although unusual, is considered the earliest stage in a cryosere which regionally terminates in the development of hemlock forest.

1972, Calvin J. Heusser, “Polsters of the moss Drepanocladus berggrenii on Gilkey Glacier, Alaska”, in Torreya, volume 99, number 1, →JSTOR, pages 34–36:

These colonies of mosses invading the glacier surface appear to represent the earliest stages of a lithosere or, more precisely, a cryosere.

2014, James H. Dickson, Robert E. Johnson, “Mosses and the beginning of plant succession on the Walker Glacier, southeastern Alaska”, in Lindbergia, volume 37, number 2, →DOI, pages 60–65:

(ecology, rare) A sere originating when moss colonizes ice.


subjective synonym

subjective synonym (plural subjective synonyms)

(zoology, taxonomy) A synonym in which the names that are being synonymized have different types, based to some extent on the opinion of the writer.


objective synonym

objective synonym (plural objective synonyms)

(zoology, taxonomy) A synonym that shares the same type with the another name.


abductin

Coined by Robert E. Kelly and Robert V. Rice in 1967, from abductor + -in.

coinage

(biochemistry) An insoluble elastic protein found in the hinge ligament of bivalve mollusks.


monocephaly

(rare, botany) The quality of being monocephalic or monocephalous.


phallapodeme

Internally, the male genitalia are made up of a long rod-like phallapodeme (fused to the hypandrium anteriorly), a broad hypandrium (attached to sternite 10) and pregonite (possibly the postgonite), a small ejaculatory apodeme, and a flat basiphallus (forming a ring with the base of the phallapodeme through which the ejaculatory duct passes) that is fused to the distiphallus.

2009, “Acartophthalmidae”, in Tree of Life web project:

(entomology) A sclerite articulating with the phallus.


minuten pin

The holotype is double mounted (minuten pin in a block of plastic), is in excellent condition, and is deposited in the USNM.

2012 December 5, Wayne N. Mathis, Tadeusz Zatwarnicki, “A revision of the New World species of Gymnoclasiopa Hendel (Diptera: Ephydridae)”, in ZooKeys, volume 248, →DOI, pages 1–69:

(entomology) A small, headless insect pin.


fenestrid

(paleontology) Any extinct bryozoan in the order Fenestrida.


juxtaform

(biology, taxonomy) A superclass of trypanosomatid parasites with laterally-attached flagellum.


liberform

(biology, taxonomy) A superclass of trypanosomatid parasites with a flagellum that is not laterally-attached .


prefamily

The shifting of the superfamily a step upward by Griffiths and the introduction of the prefamily for the category usually called superfamily, is I believe, unfortunate.

1974, George C. Steyskal, “Recent Advances in the Primary Classification of the Diptera”, in Annals of the Entomological Society of America, volume 67, number 3, →DOI, pages 513–517:

(taxonomy, rare) A taxonomic rank above the level of family.


cytocomplex

Based on the different combination of the arms, caused by whole-arm translocations, the Chironomus species are grouped into several cytocomplexes.

2011 May 5, Wolfgang F. Wülker et al., “Karyotypes of Chironomus Meigen (Diptera: Chironomidae) species from Africa”, in Comparative Cytogenetics, volume 5, number 1, →DOI:

(biology) A group of species with similar karyotypes.


mandevilla

From the genus name, after Henry Mandeville (1773-1861), British diplomat and gardener.

(botany) Any of the genus Mandevilla of tropical and subtropical flowering vines, native to the Americas.


bearded iris

en-noun

bearded iris (plural bearded iris or bearded irises)

bearded iris (plural)
bearded irises (plural)

(botany, horticulture) Any species or cultivar of the bearded rhizomatous irises of the section Iris subg. Iris sect. Iris, especially Iris × germanica.


irisology

(rare, botany, horticulture) The study or cultivation of irises.


taxonavigation

From taxo- + navigation. Coined on Wikispecies, which was launched in 2004.

Taxonavigation in design and architecture, much like the contemporary preoccupation with tagging, labeling, blogging, and wikiing has become integral to praxis and pedagogy.

2012, Liat Margolis, “Encoding Digital and Analogue Taxonavigation”, in Thomas Schröpfer, editor, Material Design: Informing Architecture by Materiality, Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 148:

A good example for a taxonomy is the Wikispecies project, which aims at creating a directory of species. In the “Taxonavigation” the path in the taxonomy leading to the species is depicted.

2014, S Arroyo, K Siorpaes, “ONTOLOGIES AND ONTOLOGY LANGUAGES”, in Handbook of Metadata, Semantics and Ontologies, World Scientific, page 145:

Taxonavigation of microalgae
Chlorella vulgaris belongs to Chlorophyta (green algae) […] they were subjected to classification by dividing under main taxonomic groups based on their pigmentation.

2019 September, G. Panduranga Murthy, Rajesh Kumar, “Optimized production of biodiesel by fresh water algae oils derived from Chlorella wild stuff and performance characteristics of engine system by employing integration of chemical sciences and engineering technologies”, in NISCAIR-CSIR, India:

(taxonomy) The navigation of a directory of species or other taxonomic entities.


spathiphyllum

Borrowed from translingual Spathiphyllum.

Two Spathiphyllums were selected for testing. One spath was used for aerobic (leaves A-C) and anoxic (leaves D-F) wounding experiments. The second Spath was used for the spectral analysis tests.

2018 June 14, Carl L. Oros, Fabio Alves, “Leaf wound induced ultraweak photon emission is suppressed under anoxic stress: Observations of Spathiphyllum under aerobic and anaerobic conditions using novel in vivo methodology”, in PloS one., →DOI, →PMID, →PMCID:

(botany) Any plant of the genus Spathiphyllum.


CIMP

(medicine, genetics) Initialism of CpG island methylator phenotype.


medusavirus

From Ancient Greek Μέδουσα (Médousa, “Medusa”) + -virus. From Latin virus (“virus”). From being a virus which can turn amoeba into stone-like cysts. From Medusa, the Greek mythological figure which could petrify people with a glance.

der

Here, we report the novel features of medusavirus, a large DNA virus newly isolated from hot spring water in Japan.

2019 February 6, Genki Yoshikawa et al., “Medusavirus, a Novel Large DNA Virus Discovered from Hot Spring Water”, in Journal of Virology, →DOI:

On the other hand, medusavirus-infected amoeba cells show moderately decreased cell motility later than those of mimivirus-infected cells and change the cells to a cyst-like formation.

2020 January 17, Sho Fukaya et al., “Kinetic Analysis of the Motility of Giant Virus-Infected Amoebae Using Phase-Contrast Microscopic Images”, in Frontiers in Microbiology, →DOI:

MGVL27, medusaviruses, sylvanviruses and MGVL24 represented the viral lineages with the highest genome novelty...

2020 January 22, Frederik Shulz et al., “Giant virus diversity and host interactions through global metagenomics”, in Nature, volume 578, →DOI, pages 432–436:

(virology) A giant virus infecting amoebae causing them to shrivel and harden.


cap stealing

Influenza viruses require host cell nuclear functions for at least two critical steps in their multiplication cycle: mRNA splicing and a unique process called cap stealing.

1996 August 15, Friedemann Weber et al., “Nucleoprotein viral RNA and mRNA of Thogoto virus: a novel "cap-stealing" mechanism in tick-borne orthomyxoviruses?”, in Journal of Virology, volume 70, number 12:


cap snatching

Influenza virus furnishes its mRNA with this structure by a cap-snatching mechanism, in which the viral polymerase cleaves host mRNA endonucleolytically 10–13 nucleotides from the 5′ end and utilizes the capped fragment as a primer to synthesize viral transcripts.

2011 October 25, Tsutomu Fujimura, Rosa Esteban, “Cap-snatching mechanism in yeast L-A double-stranded RNA virus”, in PNAS, volume 108, number 43, →DOI:

Influenza virus polymerase uses a capped primer, derived by "cap-snatching" from host pre-messenger RNA, to transcribe its RNA genome into mRNA and a stuttering mechanism to generate the poly(A) tail.

2014 November 19, Stefan Reich et al., “Structural insight into cap-snatching and RNA synthesis by influenza polymerase”, in Nature, volume 516, pages 361–366:

(virology) Removal of the start of a strand of host cell RNA to serve as the 5' cap of viral mRNA.


hemihomonym

Chaetopsis in Fungi is a hemihomonym of Chaetopsis in Insecta.

Hemihomonyms (same nomina which are used for taxa from different nomenclature jurisdictions) are an overlooked but genuine nuisance in biological nomenclature.

2013, Alexey Shipunov, “The problem of hemihomonyms and the on-line hemihomonyms database (HHDB)”, in Bionomina:

(taxonomy) A scientific name of an organism that is also used for a different taxon in a different kingdom subject to a different code of nomenclature.


aerotropic

From aero- + -tropic, see also aerotropism.

According to him, roots are positively aerotropic, a root executing a curvature tending to bring the apex in the direction of the highest oxygen concentration, while pollen tubes growing in water are in this sense negatively aerotropic.

1950, Walter Stiles, An Introduction to the Principles of Plant Physiology:

The branches of the main root tend to be aerotropic, whether they are in shallow water or mud or deeply submerged.

1894, American Microscopical Society, Proceedings of the American Microscopical Society:

The horizontal growth of the roots upon the water is an aerotropic movement determined by the high oxygen-content of the uppermost water-layer.

1921, Frederic Edward Clements, Aeration and Air-content: The Rôle of Oxygen in Root Activity:

The lower portion of this aerotropic root-branch bears numerous laterals which grow downward, in a positively geotropic direction.

1972, Excerpta botanica: Taxonomica et chorologica. Sectio A:

(biology) growing towards higher concentrations of oxygen


Ph chromosome

Philadelphia chromosome
Philadelphia chromosome#English


scabrule

Possibly a descendant of Latin scaber + -ule

Rare specimens will have one or more leaves covered adaxially with tiny scabrules, which provide a rough texture to the leaf.

2004, Arthur Haines et al., “Records for Carex rostrata (Cyperaceae) in New England”, in Rhodora, volume 106, number 927, →JSTOR:

(botany) Short, stiff projections or hairs which give a stem or leaf a rough texture, at least in one direction.


PTM

posttranslational modification
posttranslational modification#English

(biochemistry, genetics) Initialism of posttranslational modification.


rtPA

From r (“recombinant”) + tPA (“tissue plasminogen activator”).

af

tissue plasminogen activator
tissue plasminogen activator#English

(biochemistry, pharmacology) Initialism of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator.


MuSK

(biochemistry) Abbreviation of muscle-specific kinaze.


MSSC

Groups of species usually share some diagnostic MSSC, hypopygial form, body habitus, colouration and/or habitat preferences.

1994 December 23, Daniel J. Bickel, “The Australian Sciapodinae”, in Records of the Australian Museum, Supplement, →DOI, page 16:

(zoology) Initialism of male secondary sexual character.


Malaise trapping

Particularly in poorly known groups like Australian acalyptrate flies in which most species are undescribed, Malaise trapping will help us determine what taxa are here now and to gather vouchers for future comparisons.

2020, Keith M Bayless, David K Yeates, “Australia Malaise trapping disaster update”, in Fly Times, volume 64:

(entomology) Collecting insects with a Malaise trap.


-phyllous

From Ancient Greek φύλλον (phúllon, “leaf”) and Latin Latin -ōsus.

(botany, of plants) Of having a specified number or kind of leaves.

(botany, of plants) Having a specified relationship to the leaves.


mobile genetic element

en-noun

mobile genetic element (plural mobile genetic elements)

(genetics) A kind of genetic material, found in all organisms, that can move around within a genome, or be transferred from one species or replicon to another.


microtaxonomy

Coordinate term: macrotaxonomy

(taxonomy) taxonomy of the smaller, more specific ranks


katepimeron

katepimeron (usually uncountable, plural katepimera)

From kata-, variant of cata- + epimeron.

(entomology) The lower part of the epimeron.


SLAM trap

(entomology) Acronym of sea, land, and air Malaise trap


FER

(genetics) A gene responsible for encoding proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase FER.


(biochemistry, virology) Transmembrane protease, serine 2, an enzyme of unknown function that is exploited by coronaviruses in infecting humans.


Zot

zonula occludens
zonula occludens#English

Vibrio cholerae
Vibrio cholerae#Translingual

(biochemistry) Short for zonula occludens toxin, a secretion of Vibrio cholerae.


depletome

(biochemistry) All the proteins in an organism that have been depleted by immunoffinity.


ecodistance

(mathematics, ecology) The difference in value of two related ecological variables


lassomycin

(biochemistry) A cyclic peptide that has antibiotic activity


multifucosylation

(biochemistry) fucosylation at multiple sites


periphytivore

(biology) Any organism that eats periphyton


phoront

(biology) Any organism that attaches itself to another in order to travel.


phosphosynthetic

(biochemistry) Relating to the biosynthesis of phospholipids


raffinosaccharide

(biochemistry) Any saccharide (sugar) that has one or more raffinose moieties


superchaperone

(biochemistry) A complex of proteins that act as a chaperone


vibronectin

(biochemistry) A protein similar to vitronectin and fibronectin


WalK

(biochemistry) A particular histidine kinase


waldiomycin

(biochemistry) A WalK inhibitor present in some Streptomyces strains


palpon

(zoology) A modified gastrozooid that regulates the circulation of gastrovascular fluids in digestion.


vestibular system

vestibular system (plural vestibular systems)

(zoology, anatomy) The sensory system of vertebrates that provides the brain with information about motion, head position, spatial orientation, and sense of balance.


pseudospikelet

(botany) A synflorescence in bamboos, consisting of multiple spikelet-like structures that develop from buds.


dymantic

en-adj

dymantic (comparative more dymantic, superlative most dymantic)

more dymantic (comparative)
most dymantic (superlative)


Beccarian body

en-noun

Beccarian body (plural Beccarian bodies)

Named after Italian botanist Odoardo Beccari.

(biology) A lipid-rich food body found on the young leaves of trees of the genus Macaranga.


abreneurin

brain-derived neurotrophic factor
w:brain-derived neurotrophic factor

(biochemistry) Alternative form of brain-derived neurotrophic factor


cluster of differentiation
cluster of differentiation#English

cellular receptor
cellular receptor#English

(biochemistry) Initialism of cluster of differentiation 147.. A cellular receptor, associated with malaria, COVID-19, type-2 diabetes


EMMPRIN

type-II diabetes
type-II diabetes#English

(biochemistry) Acronym of extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer. A cellular receptor, associated with malaria, COVID-19, type-II diabetes


basigin

(genetics) A gene that codes for the basigin (BSG) protein.

(biochemistry) A protein encoded by the basigin (BSG) gene.


definitive host

definitive host (plural definitive hosts)

Cats are the definitive host of Toxoplasma gondii.

They remain within the intermediate host until it is eaten by the definitive host.

2002, Jack Chernin, Parasitology, →ISBN, page 14:

(ecology) The host in which a parasite reproduces sexually.


platanthera

(botany) Any of the Platanthera family of fringed orchids.


nesidioblast

(biology) A kind of cell that is a precursor to the islet cells of the pancreas.


second wave

Earlier this afternoon, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Director Robert Redfield stated that a second wave of the coronavirus would be even “more difficult” than the original.

2020 April 21, Sai Balasubramanian, “A Second Wave Of Coronavirus Is Likely Inevitable”, in Forbes:

A second wave of Covid-19 now seems to be a racing certainty. And a gathering avalanche of numbers attests to an economic disaster that is probably already upon us.

2020 July 19, John Harris, “Now Britain stands at the crossroads. Will we choose dread or hope?”, in The Guardian:

(virology) A phenomenon that can develop during a pandemic where after a group recovers and infections appear to decrease, another group becomes infected and causes a recurrence in cases.


magnolioid

If treated as a magnolioid it seems to be the only genus with cruciferous stomata, the anthers are neither adnate nor extrorse, the ovary syncarpous, unilocular, and with a long style, the ovules are orthotropous with cellular endosperm, […]

1970, Australian Journal of Botany, page 411:

Each follicle is provided with major vascular bundles, two ventral and one dorsal as in conduplicate carpels of other magnolioids.

1993, Wilson Nichols Stewart, Paleobotany and the Evolution of Plants, page 468:

(botany) A member of the botanical family Magnoliaceae for which the genus Magnolia is representative


mechanicoreceptor

(biology) A receptor that is triggered by mechanical force.


teuthology

From Ancient Greek τευθίς (teuthís, “squid”) + -λογία (-logía, “-logy”).

The region concerned is faunally a very rich one, but as its teuthology has been hitherto practically unknown, the fact that a number of its most common and characteristic species are undescribed need be in no way surprising.

1909, Pamphlets on Biology: Kofoid collection, Volume 2639, page 89:

Students of Teuthology today are fortunate to have a wealth of excellent references published in the past decade.

1992, Journal of the Malacological Society of Australia, volumes 13-14, Malacological Society of Australia, page 72:

(malacology) The branch of malacology dealing with cephalopods.

teuthologie

Branch of zoology dealing with cephalopods


paleophobia

Coordinate term: neophilia

The neophilia of thiamine-deficient rats could be a direct consequence of a specific aversion for familiar deficient diet (paleophobia). On the other hand, it is also possible that a true neophilia exists along with the paleophobia.

1967, Paul Rozin, “Specific aversions as a component of specific hungers”, in Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, volume 64, number 2, →DOI, page 242:

(biology) The aversion to certain foods forming part of a diet associated with an earlier nutritional deficiency or other illness.


twitchable

en-adj

twitchable (comparative more twitchable, superlative most twitchable)

more twitchable (comparative)
most twitchable (superlative)

(birdwatching, of a bird) Able to be visited and viewed by birders.


macrotrichium

macro- + Ancient Greek θρίξ (thríx, “hair”) + -ium

(entomology) An innervated hair on the integument or wing membrane of an insect.


corpotentorium

com

Latin <i class="Latn mention" lang="la">corpus</i>

The large bar extending cephalad from each end of the corpotentorium to a pretentorina is a pretentorium.

1923, Alexander Dyer MacGillivray, External Insect-anatomy:

In more primitive insects a median plate called the corpotentorium is sometimes formed between the two sides of the tentorium, but this plate is poorly developed or absent in Diptera.

1981, Manual of Nearctic Diptera, volume 1, →ISBN, page 12:

(entomology) A median ventral plate of the tentorium of some insects.


circumfilum

That circumfilum is bandlike on the first five flagellomeres but absent beyond.

1993 June, Raymond J. Gagné, Fred D. Bennett, “Two New Species of Lestodiplosini (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) Preying on Homoptera and Thysanoptera in Southern Florida”, in The Florida Entomologist, volume 76, number 2, →JSTOR, pages 341–348:

(entomology) A thread-like sensory organ found on nodes of the antennae of some midges in family Cecidomyiidae.


NETosis

en-noun

NETosis (countable and uncountable, plural NEToses)

From NET (“neutrophil extracellular trap”) + -osis.

suffix

neutrophil extracellular trap
neutrophil extracellular trap#English

(biology) A death process for neutrophil cells, whereby the neutrophils expel their chromatin to form a neutrophil extracellular trap (“NET”), a net-like structure to capture invader chemicals and bodies, and cause clotting to block off a region of the body.


NET

(biology) Acronym of neutrophil extracellular trap.


synecthran

From syn- (compare symbiosis) + Ancient Greek ἐχθρός (ekhthrós) + -an.

(zoology) An organism that lives in the home of another organism in order to exploit it, and is treated with hostility or indifference.


opsonoid

(biology, obsolete) A supposed substance formed when opsonin combines with bacteria and undergoes heating, preventing further opsonization.


brunnera

(botany) Any of the genus Brunnera of boraginaceous flowering plants.


pro-oocyte

In D. melanogaster, the nuclei of pro-oocytes and young oocytes are unsuitable for detailed cytological study at the light microscope level because of their small size.

1970 February 28, Robert C. King, “The Meiotic Behavior of the Drosophila Ooctye”, in International Review of Cytology, volume 28, page 129:

Two of the sixteen germline cells in each egg chamber develop as pro-oocytes, and the first asymmetry arises when one of these cells is selected to become the oocyte.

1997, Acaimo González-Reyes et al., “Oocyte determination and the origin of polarity in Drosophila: the role of the spindle genes”, in Development, volume 124, pages 4927–4937:

(cytology) An undifferentiated germline cell with the potential to become an oocyte.


noeud vital

(botany, obsolete) The junction between root and stem of a plant.


LACC

low affinity Ca2+ channel
low affinity Ca2+ channel#English

(biochemistry) Abbreviation of low affinity Ca2+ channel.


grip off

en-verb

grip off (third-person singular simple present grips off, present participle gripping off, simple past and past participle gripped off)

grips off (present singular third-person)
gripping off (participle present)
gripped off (participle past)
gripped off (past)

(birdwatching, transitive) To tease or taunt another birdwatcher about a bird you have seen but they missed out on.


pisciphagous

(rare, biology) Feeding on fish; piscivorous.


cactophile

Other insects are cactophiles, including Homoptera such as the cactus dodger (Cacama valvata) […]

1985, Hot Deserts and Arid Shrublands, Part 1, page 163:

Phyllostomus discolor is an opportunistic cactophile that occasionally visits flowering columnar cacti in the Venezuelan Andes (Sosa and Soriano, 1996) .

2002, Nancy B. Simmons, “Phylogeny and Convergence in Cactophilic Bats”, in Theodore H. Fleming, Alfonso Valiente-Banuet, editors, Columnar Cacti and Their Mutualists: Evolution, Ecology, and Conservation, page 89:

Although not all cactophiles live in deserts, they and their host plants tend to inhabit dry regions.

2003, Journal of Experimental Biology, volume 206, number 7, page 1185:

(biology) An animal which lives in or feeds on cacti.


ciliatology

(biology) The scientific study of ciliates (protozoa of the phylum Ciliophora).


premental

(anatomy, zoology) In front of the mentum.


anepimeron

en-noun

anepimeron (usually uncountable, plural anepimera)

(entomology) The upper part of the epimeron.


anepisternum

(entomology) The uppser part of the episternum of an insect.


pteropleural

(entomology) Related to the pteropleuron.


pteropleural

(entomology) Short for pteropleural bristle, a bristle arising from the pteropleuron.


bacteriography

From bacterio- + -graphy. From forming pictures out of bacteria. Coined by Zachary Copfer, who invented the process.

(art, photography, microbiology) The art of creating pictures by growing bacteria and using a light mask to selectively sterilize regions.


bacteriograph

From bacterio- + -graph. From forming pictures out of bacteria. Coined by Zachary Copfer, who invented it.

(art, photography, microbiology) A picture created by growing bacteria and using a light mask to selectively sterilize regions.


bacteriogram

(microbiology) A test of how well bacteria grows in certain conditions

(medicine, microbiology) Synonym of antibiogram

(art, photography, microbiology) An image formed by growing bacteria on a previously used photographic substrate


toothcombed

(zoology) Having a toothcomb (“a comb-like dental structure found in certain primates”).


arginolytic

(biochemistry) That breaks down arginine, typically by removal of an amino group


cholinesterasic

(biochemistry) Of or relating to cholinesterases.


extremophyte

(biology) Any extremophilic plant or alga


fructansucrase

(biochemistry) Any sucrase that produces a fructan


glucansucrase

(biochemistry) Any sucrase that produces a glucan


helveticin

(biochemistry) Any of a particular class of bacteriocins


heterotetraploid

(genetics, of a chromosome) tetraploid but whose strands are not all the same


hydroecoregion

(ecology) An ecoregion composed of water (typically a river or lake)


pentaspanin

(biochemistry) A protein associated with integrin


retrobiosynthetic

(biochemistry) Relating to retrobiosynthesis


monostelic

(botany) Exhibiting monostely; being a monostele.


polystelic

(botany) Exhibiting polystely; being a polystele.


polystely

(botany) The property of being polystelic.


monostely

(botany) The property of being monostelic.


distely

(botany) The property of being distelic.


polystele

In a stele prior to the breaking up into a polystele, phloem strand becomes “U”-shaped.

1960, Proceedings of the National Institute of Sciences of India, page 89:

(botany) a segment of plant stem which is characterised by possession of more than a single stele.


astelic

We see, therefore, that the plants in this Order, although generally astelic, sometimes aggregate all the vascular bundles present in certain of their members into so many steles […]

1901, Transactions of the Linnean Society of London: Botany. 2d Series, page 298:

The astelic type of Van Tieghem does not result from the separation of the constituent epicotyledonary stele into its constituent bundles, for in the young so-called astelic axis there are no bundles present at all, but a collateral stelar tube […]

1999, R. J. Harvey Gibson, Outlines Of Botany, page 181:


meristele

The origin and course of the two meristeles will be traced in the following paragraphs. Other meristeles are seen scattered round the stele, some of comparable dimensions to those already indicated, others smaller, […]

1901, Botanical Pamplets, volume 45, page 49:

(botany) Each of the apparently isolated units of a dictyostele.


flammulation

flammulation (countable and uncountable, plural flammulations)


tetragyny

(botany) The condition of being tetragynous


tetrandry

(botany) The condition of being tetrandrous


modern synthesis

Coined by British evolutionary biologist, philosopher, author Julian Huxley in 1942, in his book Evolution: The Modern Synthesis.

coin

The core of the Modern Synthesis was to suggest that these observable processes, controlled by genes, explain the principles of variation and selection as laid out by Darwin: genetics underpin the mutability of species, and it is the nuts and bolts of descent with modification.

2018, Julia D. Sigwart, What Species Mean: A User's Guide to the Units of Biodiversity, CRC Press, →ISBN:

In other words, the Modern Synthesis simply abstracts away from the role of phenotypic variation. It explains evolutionary change solely in terms of genetic variation.

2020, Martin Hähnel, editor, Aristotelian Naturalism: A Research Companion, Springer Nature, →ISBN, page 336:

(biology, sometimes capitalized) The mathematical framework unifying Darwinian evolution and Mendelian heredity into a coherent theory.

Evolution: The Modern Synthesis
Modern synthesis (20th century)


kin selection

Coined by John Maynard Smith in 1964 in a Nature paper titled "Group Selection and Kin Selection".

(biology) An evolutionary strategy that favors an individual organism's close kin over itself.


channelome

(physiology, biochemistry) The complete set of ion channels expressed in a cell, tissue, or organism.


deglycase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that hydrolyses a glycated protein