trichosanthin

trichosanthin (countable and uncountable, plural trichosanthins)

Trichosanthes (“genus of Asian cucumber-like plants”) + -in

(biochemistry) A ribosome-inactivating protein and abortifacient derived from Trichosanthes kirilowii.


bioprovince

(ecology) A biozone that is a subdivision of a bioregion.


chorio-

From international scientific vocabulary, reflecting a New Latin combining form, from chorion; more at chorion § Etymology.

classical compound
international scientific vocabulary


tringa

(zoology) Any of the genus Tringa of waders, containing the shanks and tattlers.


triokinase

(biochemistry) A transferase enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction ATP + D-glyceraldehyde ⇌ ADP + D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate.


trionychoid

(zoology) Any of the Trionychoidea, a group of turtles.


tryptophanase

en-noun

tryptophanase (countable and uncountable, plural tryptophanases)

(biochemistry) A lyase enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction L-tryptophan + H₂O ⇌ indole + pyruvate + NH₃.


tuftsin

tuftsin (countable and uncountable, plural tuftsins)

From Tufts + -in, after Tufts University, Massachusetts, USA, where it was discovered.

(biochemistry) A tetrapeptide produced by enzymatic cleavage of the Fc-domain of the heavy chain of immunoglobulin G.


tyrase

(biochemistry) The enzyme tyrosine ammonia lyase.


magnetosensation

(biology) The ability of an animal to detect magnetic fields, and to react accordingly


dinosauromorph

(zoology) Any archosaur of the clade Dinosauromorpha.


fibrinopeptide

(biochemistry) A polypeptide fragment, cleaved from fibrinogen by thrombin, that combines to form fibrin during blood-clotting


gigantothermy

(biology) The increased ability of large ectothermic animals to maintain a high body temperature


hydropedal

(zoology) (of a mosasaur) Having limbs in the form of paddles


iguanodontian

(zoology) Any herbivorous dinosaur of the clade Iguanodontia.


maniraptoriform

(zoology) Any dinosaur, of the clade Maniraptoriformes, thought to be the common ancestors of all birds.


monotypy

(taxonomy) The condition of a taxon having only a single subordinate taxon.

(conservation biology) The condition of a habitat being dominated by a single species.


morphotaxon

(taxonomy) A taxon of a group of organisms classified according to morphology alone


paleohabitat

paleohabitats (plural)
palaeohabitat (alternative)

(ecology, archaeology) An extinct habitat that can only be reconstructed from fossils


plesiopedal

(zoology) (of a mosasaur) Having limbs adapted for terrestrial motion.


precaudal

(zoology) In front of the tail or of the caudal vertebrae


ziphosuchian

(zoology) Any mesoeucrocodylian crocodyliform of the taxon Ziphosuchia.


vanaspati

(botany) Any plant that bears fruits but no evident flowers.


control gene

(genetics) A gene that controls the transcription of others in messenger RNA


cenome

(genetics) All the control genes of an organism


isotopic labelling

(biochemistry) The labelling of a molecule with a radioactive isotope so as to track its metabolism in an organism


zymohexase

zymohexase (countable and uncountable, plural zymohexases)


zygonema

(biology) The zygotene stage of meiosis.


pachynema

From pachy- (“thick”) + -nema (“thread”).

(biology) The pachytene stage of meiosis.


diplonema

diplonema (countable and uncountable, plural diplonemas)

However, a careful analysis of the diplonemas failed to reveal any sign of duplicity in the loops between the points of contact of the chromosomes, as well as chromatin strands passing from one side to the opposite one, what sometimes happens so characteristically when true chiasmata are present.

1958, Caryologia: - Volume 10, page 420:

(biology) The diplotene stage of meiosis.


katsuwokinase

From Japanese 鰹 (katsuo,historical katsuwo, “skipjack tuna”) + kinase.

der

(biochemistry) A particular fibrinolytic enzyme.


kininogenase

en-noun

kininogenase (countable and uncountable, plural kininogenases)


AAV

adeno-associated virus
adeno-associated virus#English

(virology) Abbreviation of adeno-associated virus.


palmatisected

en-adj

palmatisected (comparative more palmatisected, superlative most palmatisected)

more palmatisected (comparative)
most palmatisected (superlative)


spicated

spicated (comparative more spicated, superlative most spicated)

more spicated (comparative)
most spicated (superlative)


pegador

From Spanish pegador, from pegar (“to stick”).

Echeneis naucrates
Echeneis naucrates#Translingual

(zoology, dated) A species of remora (Echeneis naucrates).


monopodium

en-noun

monopodium (plural monopodiums or monopodia)

(botany) A single and continuous axis of growth of a plant (stem or trunk), producing lateral shoots or branches.


shmoo

shmoos (plural)
shmoon (plural)
schmoo (alternative)

(biology) A projection from yeast in response to mating pheromones.


psidium

(botany) Any member of the genus Psidium of guava plants.


olenid

(zoology) Any member of the family Olenidae of trilobites.


eocrinoid

(zoology) Any member of the Eocrinoidea, an extinct class of echinoderms that lived between the Early Cambrian and Late Silurian periods.


tetractinomorph

(zoology) Any member of the subclass Tetractinomorpha of sponges.


ceractinomorph

(zoology) Any member of the subclass Ceractinomorpha of sponges.


tagmosis

(biology) The evolutionary process that creates tagmata by fusing and modifying segments.


diprionidian

Two leading types may be distinguished amongst the Graptolites, which are termed respectively "monoprionidian" and "diprionidian." The monoprionidian Graptolites, such as Monograptiis priodon (fig. 54), are distinguished by the fact that the polypary, whether simple or branched, possesses but a single row of cellules or "hydrothecæ." In the diprionidian forms, on the other hand, as in Diplograptus (fig. 63), the polypary possesses a row of cellules on each side.

1879, Henry Alleyne Nicholson, A manual of palaeontology for the use of students with a general introduction on the principles of palaeontology:

(paleontology, of a graptolite) Having a polyparium with a row of cells on each side.


monoprionidian

(paleontology, of a graptolite) Having a polyparium with a single row of cells.


chol

(biochemistry, medicine) Abbreviation of cholesterol.


hemangiosarcoma

hemangiosarcoma (plural hemangiosarcomas or hemangiosarcomata)

hemangiosarcomas (plural)
hemangiosarcomata (plural)
haemangiosarcoma (alternative)

(oncology, veterinary medicine) A fast-growing, highly invasive variety of cancer, a sarcoma arising from the lining of blood vessels, occurring almost exclusively in dogs and rarely in cats.

hemangiosarkooma

cancer arising from the lining of blood vessels


haploidisation

haploidisation (usually uncountable, plural haploidisations)

haploidisations (plural)
haploidization (alternative)

Within the normal reproductive cycle, haploidisation is one of the major functional consequences of meiosis.

(biology) The process of halving the chromosomal content of a cell, creating a haploid cell.


haplorhine

(zoology) Any member of the clade Haplorhini of dry-nosed primates.


paralectotype

(taxonomy) Any additional specimen from among a set of syntypes, after a lectotype has been designated from among them.


hapantotype

(taxonomy) Any of two or more type specimens of protistans, where the type consists of two or more specimens of directly related individuals representing distinct stages in the life cycle, and collectively treated as a single entity. Lectotypes cannot be designated from among them.


hemerocallis

(botany) Any member of the genus Hemerocallis of daylilies.


hemimetabolism

(biology) Incomplete metamorphosis; the mode of development of certain insects that includes three distinct stages: egg, nymph, and imago (adult).


herculin

(biochemistry) myogenic factor 6, a myogenic regulatory factor


hepoxilin

(organic chemistry, biochemistry) Either of two eicosanoid hormones involved in inflammation, derived from arachidonic acid via oxidation by the enzyme 12-lipoxygenase.


hexacanth

From hexa- + Ancient Greek ἄκανθα (ákantha, “a spine”).


decacanth

From deca- + Ancient Greek ἄκανθα (ákantha, “a spine”).


heteropterous

(zoology) Belonging or relating to the Heteroptera.


hesperomyine

(zoology) Of or relating to the Hesperomyinae.


hesperomyine

(zoology) Any member of the Hesperomyinae.


hippocalcin

(biochemistry) A particular calcium-binding protein.


heterospory

(botany) The production of spores of two different sizes and sexes by the sporophytes of land plants.


histidinase

(biochemistry) Histidine ammonia-lyase, an enzyme that converts histidine into ammonia and urocanic acid.


histidase

en-noun

histidase (countable and uncountable, plural histidases)


hnRNA

ribonucleic acid
ribonucleic acid#English

(biochemistry) Initialism of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleic acid.


holoprotein

(biochemistry) A conjugated protein; an apoprotein combined with its prosthetic group.


holocrine

From Ancient Greek ὅλος (hólos, “whole, entire”) and κρῑ́νω (krī́nō, “to separate”).

uder

The venom glands of teleosts consist of an aggregation of holocrine cells derived from the epidermis but often sunken into the dermis, on either side of a spine, usually of dorsal or pectoral fin.

2004, B. G. Kapoor, Bhavna Khanna, Ichthyology Handbook, page 80:

2007, Galina N. Solntseva, N. N. Dergunova (translator), Teresa Ott (linguistic editor), Morphology of the Auditory and Vestibular Organs in Mammals, with Emphasis on Marine Species, page 42,
In Chiroptera and Insectivora, the holocrine glands can form glandular complexes.

The holocrine gland is the least common type. After the cell fills with secretory material, the entire holocrine gland cell discharges to the lumen of the gland to constitute the secretion. Sebaceous glands associated with hair follicles of the skin are the most common holocrine glands.

2013, Rowen D. Frandson, W. Lee Wilke, Anna Dee Fails, Anatomy and Physiology of Farm Animals, page 11:

(anatomy, biology, histology) Of or relating to a mode of secretion in some exocrine glands in which the plasma membrane ruptures, releasing the cell's cytoplasm into the lumen of the gland.


dematiaceous

(mycology) Of or relating to a group of fungi that produce melanin in their cell walls, giving them a characteristic brown colour when grown on agar.


hyaluronoglucosaminidase

en-noun

hyaluronoglucosaminidase (countable and uncountable, plural hyaluronoglucosaminidases)

(biochemistry) A particular hyaluronidase enzyme.


hyaluronoglucuronidase

hyaluronoglucuronidase (countable and uncountable, plural hyaluronoglucuronidases)


prehormone

(biochemistry) A substance secreted by glandular tissue that has little or no significant biological activity, but is converted in peripheral tissues into an active hormone.


hydroxymethylbilane

hydroxymethylbilane (countable and uncountable, plural hydroxymethylbilanes)

(biochemistry) A molecule involved in the metabolism of porphyrin. It is generated by the enzyme porphobilinogen deaminase and then converted into uroporphyrinogen III.


hymenomycete

(mycology) Any fungus with a fruiting body whose hymenophore develops either unenclosed or enclosed only with a velum.


hyperparasitism

hyperparasitism (countable and uncountable, plural hyperparasitisms)

(biology) Parasitism by one parasite upon another.


hypermagnesemia

hypermagnesemia (countable and uncountable, plural hypermagnesemias)

hypermagnesemias (plural)
hypermagnesaemia (alternative)

From hyper- + magnesemia or hyper- + magnes(io)- + -emia.

(biology, medicine) The condition of having an abnormally high concentration of magnesium (Mg) ions in the blood (above the reference range).


hypocarpium

(botany) An enlarged fleshy structure that forms below the fruit, from the receptacle or hypanthium.


hyphomycete

(mycology) Any of a group of fungi imperfecti that lack fruiting bodies.


hypovitaminosis

hypovitaminosis (countable and uncountable, plural hypovitaminoses)

(biology, medicine) vitamin deficiency: insufficiency of one or more essential vitamins in the body. Specific forms are labeled with the vitamin identifier: hypovitaminosis A, hypovitaminosis D, and so on, although those forms are more often called vitamin A deficiency, vitamin D deficiency, and so on.


ichnofauna

(zoology) Fauna that leaves tracks, spoor, footprints, etc.


cytosis

(biology) The movement of cells between parts of an organism.


erathem

(geology, paleontology) The total stratigraphic unit deposited during a certain corresponding span of time during an era in the geologic timescale.


galactocerebrosidase

galactocerebrosidase (countable and uncountable, plural galactocerebrosidases)


mikania

(botany) Any of the genus Mikania of asteraceous plants.


asteraceous

(botany, relational) Of or relating to the family Asteraceae.


onagraceous

(botany, relational) Of or relating to the family Onagraceae of flowering plants, including the fuchsia and the evening primrose.


adelphous

From Ancient Greek ἀδελφός (adelphós, “brother”) + -ous.

der

adelphous stamens

(botany) Having coalescent or clustered filaments.

adelfo

having coalescent or clustered filaments


malanders

French malandres, from Latin malandria (“blisters or pustules on the neck, especially in horses”).

malenders (alternative)
mallanders (alternative)
mallenders (alternative)

(veterinary medicine) A scurfy eruption in the bend of the knee of the foreleg of a horse or similar animal.


pepsinhydrochloric acid

(biochemistry, archaic) A hypothetical acid supposed to be formed when pepsin and dilute hydrochloric acid are mixed together.


paleotherian

(paleontology, archaic) Of or relating to Palaeotherium.


corallum

(zoology) The coral or skeleton of a zoophyte, whether calcareous or horny, simple or compound.


anastate

From ana- (“upwards”, compare anabolism) + Ancient Greek στατός (statós, “placed, standing”), from ἵστημι (hístēmi).

af

if the reproductive elements start with a specific protoplasm continuous with that of the combined mother ovum and fertilizing sperm — that is , with a concentrated accumulation of characteristic anastates and katastates[…]

(biology) One of a series of substances formed, in secreting cells, by constructive or anabolic processes, in the production of protoplasm.


berberidaceous

(botany) Of or relating to the family Berberidaceae of barberries.


podophyllum

(botany) Any of the genus Podophyllum of herbaceous perennial plants in the family Berberidaceae, with palmately lobed umbrella-like leaves, and several stems produced from a creeping underground rhizome.


encrinital

encrinital limestone

(paleontology, dated) Relating to, or containing, encrinites.


schizopodous

(zoology) Of or relating to the Schizopoda.


tharybid

(zoology) Any copepod in the family Tharybidae.


metamorph

(biology) An organism that has undergone metamorphosis


rete mirabile

retia mirabilia (plural)
rete mirabilis (alternative)

/ˌɹiːti mɪˈɹɑːbɪleɪ/

From Medieval Latin rete mirabile (literally “wonderful net”) (14th century).

His description of the rete mirabile, the network of arteries at the base of the brain, shows he dissected animals as well as human corpses, since it does not exist in humans.

1997, Roy Porter, The Greatest Benefit to Mankind, Folio Society, published 2016, page 65:

In whales, the rete mirabile also allows oxygenated blood to be supplied to the brain slowly, helping to avoid the problems human beings experience when swimming at depth – principally the bends.

2020, Tim Ecott, The Land of Maybe, Short Books, published 2021, page 175:

(anatomy, zoology) A complex of blood vessels found in some vertebrates that preserves a gradient of a certain solute or particle, originally specifically the network of arterioles at the base of the brain in some ungulates and other mammals.


barotaxis

(biology, biochemistry) The movement of a cell or an organism in response to pressure.


Bashkirian

(geology, paleontology) A subdivision of the Carboniferous period.


belemnoid

(zoology) A member of the Belemnoidea, an extinct group of marine cephalopods.


biotinidase

en-noun

biotinidase (usually uncountable, plural biotinidases)

(biochemistry) An enzyme that allows the body to use and recycle biotin.


bindin

bindin (countable and uncountable, plural bindins)

(biochemistry) A protein involved in the process of sea urchin fertilization.


monimiaceous

(botany, relational) Of or relating to the family Monimiaceae.


bothrium

From Ancient Greek βοθρίον (bothríon, “small trench”).

der

(zoology) A protruding cup or small groove used for adhesion, especially in cestodes.


brachydont

(zoology) Any organism with brachydont teeth.


apogeotropically

(botany) In an apogeotropic manner; of leaves and other botanical structures, in a manner that bends away from the ground.


macrocyst

(biology) An aggregate of cells of Dictyosteliida formed during sexual reproduction enclosed in a cellulose wall


mannoheptulose

en-noun

mannoheptulose (usually uncountable, plural mannoheptuloses)

(biochemistry) A hexokinase inhibitor found in avocados.


mammillaria

/ˌmæmɪˈlɛəɹi.ə/

/ˌmæməˈlɛɹi.ə/

For some years back collections of mammillarias, from whatever parts of the world they came, were grown in our hothouses, and many of them are still kept there.

1841, John Claudius Loudon, The gardener's magazine and register of rural & domestic improvement, volume 7, page 511:

(botany) Any member of the cactus genus Mammillaria.


marsdenia

From Marsden + -ia, from the genus name, named after William Marsden (orientalist).

The odour of the 'Madagascar chaplet-flower' came floating out, mingled with the fragrant scents of the marsdenias, and the sloping shelves were one mass of varied bloom.

1872, Matilda Mary Pollard, The miner's son, and Margaret Vernon, page 194:

(botany) Any of the genus Marsdenia of apocynaceous plants.


malonyltransferase

malonyltransferase (countable and uncountable, plural malonyltransferases)

(biochemistry) An enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of malonyl.


melastoma

(botany) Any of the genus Melastoma of flowering plants.


meiocyte

(biology) A kind of cell that differentiates into a gamete through the process of meiosis.


melanostatin

melanostatin (usually uncountable, plural melanostatins)

(biochemistry) Melanocyte-inhibiting factor (an endogenous peptide fragment derived from cleavage of the hormone oxytocin).


mentha

From the genus name, Mentha, from Latin mentha (“mint”). Doublet of mint.

Very aromatic; all culinary menthas can be used for sauces, jellies, and candied leaves.

1974, Daniel J. Foley, Herbs for Use and for Delight: An Anthology from The Herbarist, page 89:

In the plots where black peppermint were planted as inter-row crop, there were 4 rows of Citronella or other menthas with alternate rows of black peppermint.

1976, Agriculture and Agro-industries Journal, volume 9, page 19:

(botany) Any of the mint genus Mentha, mints and similar species.


mesosoma

(zoology) The middle part of the body, or tagma, of arthropods whose body is composed of three parts (the other two being the prosoma and the metasoma), bearing the legs and (in winged insects) the wings.


metafemale

(biology) A female with triple X syndrome.


metapyrocatechase

metapyrocatechase (countable and uncountable, plural metapyrocatechases)

(biochemistry) Catechol 2,3-dioxygenase, an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction catechol + O₂ ⇌ 2-hydroxymuconate semialdehyde.


metanephrine

metanephrine (countable and uncountable, plural metanephrines)

(biochemistry) A metabolite of epinephrine (adrenaline) created by the action of catechol-O-methyl transferase on epinephrine.


mexamine

(biochemistry) 5-methoxytryptamine, a tryptamine derivative closely related to the neurotransmitters serotonin and melatonin.


miracidium

/ˌmaɪɹəˈsɪdɪəm/

From Ancient Greek μειράκιον (meirákion) + -idium.

(biology) A free-living motile form of a trematode, covered with cilia, which settles in a mollusc intermediate host to become a sporocyst


monoamniotic

(biology, of twins) Sharing the same amniotic sac within their mother's uterus.


monarda

(botany) Any of the genus Monarda of flowering plants, the bergamots or bee balms.


monoblast

(cytology) A cell, normally found in bone marrow, that matures into a monocyte


monellin

monellin (countable and uncountable, plural monellins)

From Monell + -in, named in 1972 after the Monell Chemical Senses Center in Philadelphia, USA, where it was isolated and characterized.

(biochemistry) A sweet protein found in Dioscoreophyllum cumminsii


morphallaxis

morphallaxis (usually uncountable, plural morphallaxes)

(biology) The regeneration of specific tissue due to loss or death of the existing tissue.


mycophage

(biology) Any organism that eats fungus.


mycothiol

(biochemistry) An unusual thiol compound found in the Actinobacteria, composed of a cysteine residue with an acetylated amino group linked to glucosamine, which is then linked to inositol.


mucormycosis

mucormycosis (countable and uncountable, plural mucormycoses)

From mucor (“mouldy”) + mycosis (“fungal infection”). From translingual Mucorales, from Latin mucor (“mustiness”).

compound

Herein, we characterized the infecting microbe, host, micro- and mycobiomes leading up to infection onset in a leukemia patient that developed invasive mucormycosis.

2015 November 11, “Implementation of a Pan-Genomic Approach to Investigate Holobiont-Infecting Microbe Interaction: A Case Report of a Leukemic Patient with Invasive Mucormycosis”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(pathology, mycology) Any fungal infection caused by fungi in the order Mucorales.


myristica

(botany) Any member of the genus Myristica of nutmegs.


myxine

(zoology) Any member of the genus Myxine of hagfish.


myokinase

en-noun

myokinase (countable and uncountable, plural myokinases)

(biochemistry) adenylate kinase, a phosphotransferase enzyme that catalyzes the interconversion of adenine nucleotides and plays an important role in cellular energy homeostasis


myoneme

(biology) A contractile structure found in some eukaryotic single-celled organisms, particularly Vorticella, consisting of a series of protein filaments that shorten rapidly on exposure to calcium.


myxogastrid

(biology) Any of the Myxogastria, a group of slime molds.


melastomataceous

(botany) Of or relating to the family Melastomataceae.


rhexia

(botany) Any of the genus Rhexia of plants in the family Melastomataceae.


Peyer's patch

Named after Johann Conrad Peyer, who described them in 1677.

(biology) A patch of lymphoid tissue or lymphoid nodules on the walls of the ileal-small intestine.


belemnite battlefield

belemnite battlefield (plural belemnite battlefields)

After the visual similarity of belemnite fossils to bullet shells.

(idiomatic, informal, paleontology) A fossil site with an unusually high concentration of belemnite rostra.


akinesis

akinesis (usually uncountable, plural akineses)

(biology) Increase without the phenomena of karyokinesis.


agarase

agarase (countable and uncountable, plural agarases)

(biochemistry) An enzyme found in agarolytic bacteria, allowing them to use agar as their primary source of carbon.


alarmone

alarmone (countable and uncountable, plural alarmones)

(biochemistry) An intracellular signal molecule produced due to harsh environmental factors, and serving to regulate the gene expression at transcription level.


alkylhalidase

(biochemistry) A hydrolase enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction bromochloromethane + H₂O ⇌ formaldehyde + bromide + chloride.


alexin

alexin (countable and uncountable, plural alexins)

Ultimately from German Alexine, coined by Hans Buchner in 1891 from the Ancient Greek ἀλέξω (aléxō).

The seed of our destruction will blossom in the desert, the alexin of our cure grows by a mountain rock […]

1929, Thomas Wolfe, Look Homeward, Angel, New York: Scribner, Part One, Chapter 1, p. 3:

(biochemistry, dated) A protective substance that exists in the serum or other bodily fluid and is capable of killing microorganisms; complement.


alcelaphine

(mammalogy) Any member of the subfamily Alcelaphinae of wildebeest, hartebeest, bonteboks and related species.


allosome

The human sex chromosomes are a typical pair of allosomes. The X chromosome is present in the ovum, while either X or Y chromosomes can be present in sperm.

(genetics) A sex chromosome that differs from an ordinary autosome in form, size, or behaviour.


aminoacylase

aminoacylase (countable and uncountable, plural aminoacylases)

(biochemistry) A hydrolase enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction an N-acyl-L-amino acid + H₂O ⇌ a carboxylate + an L-amino acid.


aminoacyltransferase

aminoacyltransferase (countable and uncountable, plural aminoacyltransferases)

(biochemistry) Any acyltransferase enzyme that acts upon an amino group.


alternansucrase

alternansucrase (countable and uncountable, plural alternansucrases)

(biochemistry) A glycosyltransferase enzyme that catalyzes a chemical reaction that transfers an alpha-D-glucosyl residue from sucrose alternately to the 6- and 3-positions of the non-reducing terminal residue of an alpha-D-glucan, thereby creating a glucan with alternating alpha-1,6- and alpha-1,3-bonds.


ammonotelic

(biology, of an organism) Excreting soluble ammonia as a result of deamination.

ammoniotelico

excreting soluble ammonia as a result of deamination


amphitrichous

(biology) (of bacteria) Having a single flagellum on each of two opposite ends. (Only one flagellum operates at a time, allowing the bacterium to reverse course rapidly by switching which flagellum is active.)

anfitríquio

having a single flagellum on each of two opposite ends


lophotrichous

(biology) (of bacteria) Having multiple flagella located at the same point, so that they can act in concert to drive the bacterium in a single direction.


androstenediol

(biochemistry) Any of a group of related steroid androgens.

androstenediol

any of a group of related steroid androgens


protoanemonin

(biochemistry) A toxin found in all plants of the buttercup family (Ranunculaceae), produced by an enzymatic process from the glucoside ranunculin.


androstanedione

(biochemistry) Either of two isomeric steroids: 5α-androstanedione and 5β-androstanedione. In humans, 5α-androstenedione is a metabolic precursor of testosterone and estrone.


anlage

Stockard has shown that, not only do anesthetics arrest the development of the intra-embryonic blood vessels in the embryos of Fundulus, at an early ontogenetic stage, but in such a manner that no doubt can now exist that, under normal conditions, these vessels are formed in situ by a concrescence of independent and discontinuous anlagen, and that their endothelium is derived directly from intra-embryonic mesenchymal cells.

1915, Charles Freeman Williams McClure, The Development of the Lymphatic System in Fishes:

Moreover, most species have a cirral pattern which - at least partially - closely resembles that of 18-cirri hypotrichs, including the formation from six (I-VI) anlagen.

2011, Helmut Berger, Monograph of the Gonostomatidae and Kahliellidae:

(biology) A primordium, the initial clustering of embryonic cells from which a body part develops.

(genetics) An allele, a specific version of a gene (as used by Gregor Mendel).


echinophthiriid

(entomology) Any louse in the family Echinophthiriidae.


hoplopleurid

(entomology) Any louse in the family Hoplopleuridae.


linognathid

(entomology) Any louse in the family Linognathidae.


polyplacid

(entomology) Any louse in the family Polyplacidae.


androgenesis

androgenesis (usually uncountable, plural androgeneses)

(botany, zoology) Male or paternal apomixis, involving fusion of the male and female gametes and replacement of the female nucleus by the male nucleus.


anoplotherium

(zoology) Any member of the extinct ungulate genus †Anoplotherium.

anoplotério

any member of the extinct ungulate genus Anoplotherium


syntopic

en-adj

syntopic (comparative more syntopic, superlative most syntopic)

more syntopic (comparative)
most syntopic (superlative)

[Dwarf Tinamou is] sometimes syntopic with N. maculosa.

1993, Helmut Sick, Birds of Brazil, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press:

(biology) Having the ability to coexist without interference with other species.


anthoxanthin

(biochemistry) Any of a group of water-soluble flavonoid pigments found in plants.

anthoxanthine

any of a group of water-soluble flavonoid pigments found in plants


lavatera

(botany) Any of the genus Lavatera (syn. of Malva) of malvaceous flowering plants.


antistreptolysin

en-noun

antistreptolysin (countable and uncountable, plural antistreptolysins)

(biochemistry, immunology) An antibody made against streptolysin.


apamin

Apis mellifera
Apis mellifera#Translingual

(biochemistry) A neurotoxin originally isolated from Apis mellifera, the Western honey bee.

apamina

a neurotoxin found in the Western honey bee


aphanisis

From Ancient Greek ἀφάνισις (aphánisis, “disappearance”). In the psychology sense, coined by Ernest Jones in 1927.


apomict

(botany, zoology) Any apomictic plant or organism.


aporepressor

(genetics) A repressor that binds with a corepressor.


argininosuccinase

en-noun

argininosuccinase (countable and uncountable, plural argininosuccinases)

argininosuccinate lyase
argininosuccinate lyase


argentaffin

(cytology) That is stained by silver salts


arylformamidase

arylformamidase (countable and uncountable, plural arylformamidases)

(biochemistry) A hydrolase enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H₂O ⇌ formate + L-kynurenine.


atriopeptin

(biochemistry) Atrial natriuretic peptide, a powerful vasodilator and a protein (polypeptide) hormone secreted by heart muscle cells.


archaeogastropod

(zoology) Any member of the order Archaeogastropoda, of sea snails.

arqueogastrópode

any member of the Archaeogastropoda, a taxonomic order of sea snails


aspidobranch

(zoology) Any member of the Aspidobranchia, a taxonomic order of sea snails.


arthroconidium

(mycology) A kind of asexual fungal spore, typically produced by segmentation of pre-existing fungal hyphae.


aryldialkylphosphatase

aryldialkylphosphatase (countable and uncountable, plural aryldialkylphosphatases)

(biochemistry) An enzyme that hydrolyzes organophosphates: an aryl dialkyl phosphate + H₂O ⇌ dialkyl phosphate + an aryl alcohol.


acantharian

/ˌæˌkænˈθæ.ɹi.n̩/

/ˌæˌkənˈθæ.ɹi.n̩/

(biology) A member of the Acantharia genus.


fluorocitrate

(organic chemistry, biochemistry) A fluoro- derivative of citrate that is a metabolite of fluoroacetate and is responsible for fluoroacetate poisoning


surface layer

(ecology) The layer of surface water that forms a boundary between sea and air


palaeosaur

(zoology) Any of various prehistoric animals that have been named Palaeosaurus.


pantopod

(zoology) Any of the Pantopoda, an order of sea spiders.


palmitoylcarnitine

(biochemistry) An ester derivative of carnitine involved in the metabolism of fatty acids.


paratenic

From Ancient Greek πᾰρᾰτείνω (părăteínō, “to stretch out along, beside or near; to continue life, live”) + -ic, from πᾰρᾰ- (pără-, “beside, by”) + τείνω (teínō, “to stretch, pull tight”).

af

(ecology, of a host) Not needed for the development of the parasite, but nevertheless serving to maintain the parasite's life cycle.


parenthesome

From parenthesis + -some, from the resemblance to the punctuation marks.

(biology) A septal pore cap, a microscopic structure of unknown function found in the cells of basidiomycete fungi.


pauropod

(zoology) Any myriapod in the class Pauropoda.


peptidyltransferase

en-noun

peptidyltransferase (countable and uncountable, plural peptidyltransferases)

(biochemistry) An aminoacyltransferase involved in protein biosynthesis.


perinate

(biology) A member of a viviparous species from approximately one month before, to one month after, birth.


perissodactylic

(zoology) Of or relating to the Perissodactyla.


phragmosome

(cytology) A sheet of cytoplasm forming in highly vacuolated plant cells in preparation for mitosis.


phragmoplast

(biology) A structure that forms in plant cells during late cytokinesis and serves as a scaffold for cell plate assembly and subsequent formation of a new cell wall separating the two daughter cells.


physalaemin

(biochemistry) A tachykinin peptide obtained from the Physalaemus frog.


substance P

(biochemistry) A tachykinin neuropeptide associated with inflammatory processes and pain.


plerocercoid

/ˌplɪə.ɹə(ʊ)ˈsɜː.kɔɪd/

/ˌplɪɹ.oʊˈsɝˌkɔɪd/

From German Plerocercoid, from Ancient Greek πλήρης (plḗrēs, “full, complete”) + Ancient Greek κέρκος (kérkos, “tail of a beast”) + -oid.

af

(zoology) An unsegmented worm-like larval form of certain tapeworms which develops from the procercoid.


plastoquinol

(biochemistry) A compound derived from plastoquinone during photosynthesis.


podocalyxin

(biochemistry) A sialoglycoprotein, one of the transmembrane sialomucins, thought to be the major constituent of the glycocalyx of podocytes.


polypodium

en-noun

polypodium (plural polypodiums or polypodia)

From Late Latin polypodium, from Ancient Greek πολυπόδιον (polupódion), from πολυ- (polu-, “poly-, many”) + πούς (poús, “-pod, foot”) + -ιον (-ion, “-ium”). Later reinforced by the translingual scientific use of Polypodium.

(botany) Synonym of polypody: any fern of the genus Polypodium.


polygamodioecious

(botany) Having bisexual and male flowers on some plants, and bisexual and female flowers on others.


porifer

(zoology) An animal of the phylum Porifera; a sponge.


polypyrenous

(botany, dated) Containing multiple stones, kernels, or seeds.


pyrenous

(botany) Relating to the stone of a drupe.


pomaceous

The disease occurs throughout the United States and Canada in practically every section where pomaceus fruits are grown.

1914, Report of the New York State College of Agriculture at Cornell University, Ithaca, and of the Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station, Issue 26, Part 1, page 321:

The brown rots of pomaceous and drupaceous fruits are due to fungi, at least one of which was first described by Persoon in 1796 as Torula fructigena.

1921, Torrey Botanical Club, Torreya, volumes 21-23, page 17:

Pomaceous and stone fruits can be degraded by a number of pathogenic species including Monilia laxa, M. fructigena and Rhizopus stolonifer.

2007, “Association of moulds to foods”, in Jan Dijksterhuis, Robert A. Samson, editors, Food Mycology: A Multifaceted Approach to Fungi and Food, page 210:

(botany) Of, pertaining to, or resembling a pome.

Cedar rust is characteristic of the “double host” rusts and needs two hosts, namely apple or other pomaceous plants and red cedar before it can complete its life cycle.

1916, State Entomologist, Annual Report of the State Entomologist of Indiana, number 8, page 115:

This bacterium^([Erwinia amylovora]) commonly affects most pomaceous trees and shrubs.

1978, Pascal P. Pirone, Diseases and Pests of Ornamental Plants, page 144:

Infected foliage on the pomaceous, alternate hosts apppears during the summer or fall and is characterized by spots or large areas of yellow-orange discoloration and varying degrees of deformation.

1983, E. L. Barnard, Wayne Neal Dixon, Insects and Diseases: Important Problems of Florida's Forest and Shade Tree Resources, page 75:


preproinsulin

By surface analysis, prepro- + insulin, or, by surface analysis, pre- + proinsulin.

Meronym: proinsulin

(biochemistry) A biologically inactive precursor to the endocrine hormone insulin.


proaccelerin

(biochemistry) Factor V, a protein of the coagulation system.


primigravida

primigravida (plural primigravidas or primigravidae or (archaic) primigravidæ)

primigravidas (plural)
primigravidae (plural)
primigravidæ (archaic plural)

/ˌpɹaɪmɪˈɡɹævɪdə/

/ˌpɹaɪməˈɡɹævɪdə/

From Latin prīmus (“first”) (modelled after primipara) + Medieval Latin gravida (“pregnant woman”), feminine singular of Latin gravidus (“pregnant, gravid”), from gravō (“to burden, weigh down; to make pregnant”) + -idus (adjective-forming suffix meaning “tending to”).

der

[...] [Friedrich] Schatz advises all pregnant women, especially primigravidæ, to consult a physician during the last portion of their pregnancy, and ascertain from him the position of the child, and the necessity, if present, of altering it before labor sets in.

1874 February, “The Conversion of a Facial into a Vertex Presentation by External Manipulation only. By Friedrich Schatz, Rostock. (Archiv für Gynäkologie, v. 2. 1873.)”, in B. F. Dawson, editor, The American Journal of Obstetrics and Diseases of Women and Children, volume VI, number 4, New York, N.Y.: William Wood & Co., publishers, […]; London: John Churchill’s Sons, […], →OCLC, page 659:

In connection with the case, I should like to remind you of the fact that extra-uterine pregnancy occurs more frequently in multigravidae than in primigravidae. This has an important bearing on the etiology of ectopic gestation.

1906 February 12, George Gellhorn, “The Diagnosis of Tubal Pregnancy before Rupture”, in Albert E. Taussig, A. S. Bleyer, editors, Quarterly Bulletin: Medical Department of Washington University, volume IV, number 3, St. Louis, Mo.: [Medical Department of Washington University] office of publication, 1806 Locust Street, […], published March 1906, →OCLC, page 167:

The overwhelming majority of primigravidas seen at the clinic are in their middle teens. All but two of these primigravidas were pregnant before their eighteenth birthday. Of thirty-eight primigravidas interviewed none had completed high school; and of these, the ones that were married had husbands who were engaged in low-skill, manual, low-paying occupations.

1975, María-Luisa Urdaneta, “Fertility and the ‘Pill’ in a Texas Barrio”, in Stanley R. Ingman, Anthony E. Thomas, editors, Topias and Utopias in Health: Policy Studies (World Anthropology), The Hague, Paris: Mouton Publishers, →ISBN, page 75:

In the second stage [of labour] for a primigravida, Caesarean section is the method of choice; with a multigravida, a vaginal delivery should be attempted.

1978, Lance Townsend, “Caesarean Section: The Types of Operation”, in Obstetrics for Students, 3rd edition, Melbourne, Vic., Sydney, N.S.W.: The Macmillan Company of Australia, →DOI, →ISBN, page 566:

Primigravidas who find themselves pregnant before they are ready may be more amenable to acceptance if social and financial circumstances are deemed adequate. Multiparas, on the other hand, who feel they have more children than they want may not be abl to overcome feelings of rejection.

1984, Regina P. Lederman, “Anxiety and Conflict in Pregnancy: Relationship to Maternal Health Status”, in Harriet H[elen] Werley, Joyce J. Fitzpatrick, editors, Annual Review of Nursing Research, volume 2, New York, N.Y.: Springer Publishing Company, →ISBN, →ISSN, →OCLC, part I (Research on Nursing Practice), page 35:

In the primigravida, particularly the heifer and bitch, it is often found that the cause of the dystocia is relatively simple, such as a slight fetomaternal disproportion, and the application of a little assistance is all that is required.

2009, David Noakes, “The Approach to an Obstetric Case”, in David E. Noakes, Timothy J. Parkinson, Gary C. W. England, editors, Veterinary Reproduction and Obstetrics, 9th edition, Edinburgh, London: Saunders Elsevier, →ISBN, pages 223–224:

A 24-year-old primigravida presents for routine ultrasound at 20 weeks gestation. Based on the ultrasound findings, the patient is diagnosed with twin boys.

2012, Karen M. Schneider, Stephen K. Patrick, “Maternal–Fetal Physiology and Placentation”, in Obstetrics and Gynecology: PreTest™ Self-assessment and Review (PreTest), 13th edition, McGraw-Hill Medical, →ISBN, page 39:

(obstetrics, veterinary medicine) A woman or female animal who is pregnant for the first time, or who has been pregnant once.

primigràvida

woman who is pregnant for the first time, or who has been pregnant once


procolipase

en-noun

procolipase (usually uncountable, plural procolipases)

(biochemistry) The inactive form of colipase, secreted by the pancreas and activated in the intestinal lumen by trypsin.


prolidase

prolidase (countable and uncountable, plural prolidases)

(biochemistry) A cytosolic dipeptidase that hydrolyzes dipeptides with proline or hydroxyproline at the carboxy terminus (but not Pro-Pro), important in collagen metabolism.


prosecretin

prosecretin (usually uncountable, plural prosecretins)

(biochemistry) A precursor to secretin, activated by gastric acid


prolactostatin

(biochemistry) dopamine, when regarded as a regulator of prolactin secretion


prolymphocyte

(biology) The immediate precursor of a lymphocyte, derived from a lymphoblast, found during lymphocytopoiesis.


prunasin

(biochemistry) A cyanogenic glucoside related to amygdalin, found in Prunus species.


prothrombinase

(biochemistry) A complex that catalyzes the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin in the presence of calcium ions.


heteromorph

From hetero- + -morph, see heteromorphic.

The histial ridge of the heteromorphs is comparatively wide, especially in the anteroventral part, and forms a wide, open cavity —the histial dolon.

1971, Oleg Stepanovich Vi︠a︡lov, Fossil Ostracoda, page 15:

(zoology) An ammonite whose shell is unusual in not being a regular spiral.


subelliptical

en-adj

subelliptical (comparative more subelliptical, superlative most subelliptical)

more subelliptical (comparative)
most subelliptical (superlative)

(biology) Somewhat elliptical in shape; approaching an ellipse.


membrane potential

en-noun

membrane potential (plural membrane potentials)

(biology) The difference in electrical potential across the enclosing membrane of a cell


sodium channel

(biochemistry) A system of proteins that transports sodium ions through cell membranes


acanthopore

/əˈkæn.θəˌpɔɹ/

(paleontology) A tubular spine in some bryozoans.


acanthopt

From translingual Acanthopteri (a genus of fish).

der

(ichthyology) A member of the taxonomic superorder of fish, Acanthopterygii.


skotomorphogenesis

(botany) The development of a seedling in the dark.


scotoperiod

scotoperiods (plural)
skotoperiod (alternative)

(biology) The period of darkness, or absence of daylight, experienced by an organism.


acanthosoma

en-noun

acanthosoma (plural acanthosomas or acanthosomata)

acanthosomas (plural)
acanthosomata (plural)

From acantho- (“spiny”) + -soma (“one having such a body”).


acanthostyle

From acantho- (“spine”) + style (“animal part felt to resemble a pillar”).

prefix

(zoology) A spicule with tiny spines from monaxon sponges.


acanthous

en-adj

acanthous (comparative more acanthous, superlative most acanthous)

more acanthous (comparative)
most acanthous (superlative)

From acanth- (“spine”) + -ous (“having”).


scopeloid

scopeloid (comparative more scopeloid, superlative most scopeloid)

more scopeloid (comparative)
most scopeloid (superlative)

(zoology, dated) Relating to fishes of the former genus Scopelus, or the former family Scopelidae, including many lanternfish.


scopeloid

(zoology, dated) Any fish of the former family Scopelidae.


choriovitelline

(biology) Relating to the chorion and yolk.


paniculated

paniculated (comparative more paniculated, superlative most paniculated)

more paniculated (comparative)
most paniculated (superlative)


pentandrous

From New Latin pentandrus, from penta- + -andrus (“-androus”).

(botany) Of or relating to the Linnean class Pentandria; having five stamens.


pentandrian

(botany) Of or relating to the class Pentandria; having five stamens.


SERCA

Initialism from sarcoplasmic reticulum / endoplasmic reticulum / calcium ATPase

(biochemistry) A calcium ATPase of type P-ATPase


phytochorion

Adjacent phytochoria do not usually have a sharp boundary, but rather a soft one, a transitional area in which many species from both regions overlap.

(biogeography) A geographic area with a relatively uniform composition of plant species.


mylodon

From the genus name, from Ancient Greek μύλη (múlē, “mill”) + -odon.

(zoology) Any of the extinct genus †Mylodon of giant ground sloths of Patagonia.


cormus

From Ancient Greek κορμός (kormós, “trunk of a tree with the boughs cut off”), from κείρω (keírō, “shear”).

uder

(biology) An organism made up of a number of individuals, such as, for example, would be formed by a process of budding from a parent stalk where the buds remain attached.


edental

Coined by English philosopher and historian of science William Whewell in 1840, as both an adjective and noun.

coin

(zoology, obsolete) Synonym of edentate.


serpula

(zoology) Any of numerous species of tubicolous annelids of the genus Serpula and allied genera of the family Serpulidae that secrete a calcareous tube, usually irregularly contorted, but sometimes spirally coiled, with a wreath of plumelike and often bright-colored gills around its head, and usually an operculum to close the aperture of its tube when it retracts.


calicular

en-adj

calicular (comparative more calicular, superlative most calicular)

more calicular (comparative)
most calicular (superlative)
caliculate (alternative)

calicular budding

calicular gemmation

(botany, archaic) Alternative form of calycular.


caliculate

caliculate (comparative more caliculate, superlative most caliculate)

more caliculate (comparative)
most caliculate (superlative)


phylon

From Late Latin phȳlon (a synonym of tribus), from Ancient Greek φῦλον (phûlon, “race, tribe”); see phylum.


proostracum

From Ancient Greek προ- (pro-, “before”) + ὄστρᾰκον (óstrăkon, “shell”).

(paleontology) The anterior prolongation of the guard of the phragmocone of belemnites and allied fossil cephalopods, whether horny or calcareous.


adactyly

(biology, medicine) Congenital absence of the digits (the fingers or toes).


chromophile

(cytology) Any cell that can be easily stained.


autopathy

The reduction in soil water status and the cessation of sand movement are considered to be important factors in the decline of the A. ordosica community. The importance of allelopathy, and in particular autopathy, in preventing seedling growth of A. ordosica is also discussed.

1996, Commonwealth Bureau of Soil Science, Soils and fertilizers, volume 59, page 554:

(biology) An interaction where a species affects its own subsequent growth, especially negatively.


podophthalmous

(archaic, zoology) stalk-eyed (said formerly of crustaceans in the former group Podophthalmia)


foldase

(biochemistry) An enzyme that catalyzes protein folding.


porcellaneous

en-adj

porcellaneous (comparative more porcellaneous, superlative most porcellaneous)

more porcellaneous (comparative)
most porcellaneous (superlative)
porcelaneous (alternative)

porcellaneous content

(zoology) Having a smooth, compact shell without pores; said of certain Foraminifera.


parietary

/pəˈɹaɪəˌtɛɹi/

Inherited from Middle English peritorie, from Anglo-Norman paritarie, peritorie, from Late Latin parietāria (“the herb pellitory (noun)”), from parietarius (“of or belonging to a wall (adjective)”), which the modern English form has been remodelled on. Compare pellitory, parietal.

der

(botany) Any of several species of Parietaria.


actinula

From Ancient Greek ἀκτίς (aktís, “ray”) (genitive ἀκτῖνος (aktînos)) + -ula.

(zoology) A kind of larva of certain hydroids (Tubularia).


pointal

From point: compare French pointal (“an upright wooden prop”), Old French pointille (“a prick or prickle”).

cog

(obsolete, botany) The pistil of a plant.


apterium

From a- + Ancient Greek πτερόν (pterón, “feather”) + -ium. Compare Ancient Greek ἄπτερος (ápteros, “featherless”).

cog

The two halves of the lower cervical tract are still separated by an apterium 4 mm. wide, as in the young bird, but contour feathers are now present on the chin and upper throat, so that they are united at their upper ends.

1918, American Ornithologists' Union, The Auk:

(ornithology) An area of bare (featherless) skin on a bird.


potamian

Ancient Greek ποτᾰ́μιος (potắmios, “of or from a river”), from ποτᾰμός (potămós, “river”).

uder

(zoology, dated) A softshell turtle (family Trionychidae)


caudicula

en-noun

caudicula (plural caudiculas or caudiculae)


caudicle

caudicles (plural)
caudicula (alternative)

Diminutive of Latin cauda (“tail, appendage”).

A pollinium when highly developed consists of a mass of pollen-grains, affixed to an elastic foot-stalk or caudicle, and this to a little mass of extremely viscid matter.

1858, Charles Darwin, The Origin of Species, volume 2, Harvard Classics Edition, published 1909, page 251:

The structure of the rostellum and caudicles of the pollinia are worth noting. There are four pollinia, separated into two pairs. Each pair is attached to a long caudicle ending in a mass of sticky material or a distinct, viscid disc, except that in one species, I. intermedia, the two caudicles share a viscid disc. The rostellum in all species has two projections on which the caudicles lie.

1996, Rebecca Tyson Northen, Miniature Orchids and How to Grow Them, page 86:

The caudicle holds the pollen grains together (Proctor and Harder 1994; Fig. 1).

2000, E. Pacini, G. G. Franchi, “Types of Pollen Dispersal Units in Monocots”, in Karen Wilson, David Morrison, editors, Monocots: Systematics and Evolution, unnumbered page:

(botany) A slender, elastic process to which the masses of pollen in orchidaceous plants are attached.


merithallus

From New Latin merithallus, from Ancient Greek μερίς (merís, “part”) + θαλλός (thallós, “branch”).

In fact, in the same way that we see in the monocotyledonous embryo, which has taken all its normal expansion, a radicular mamilla which constitutes its descending system, and a cauliculus, a cotyledon, and its support, which form together its ascending system, in the same manner also we see in the more advanced plant the root which represents the radicle, that is to say, the descending system, and the merithallus with the leaf and its petiole, which represent the cauliculus, the cotyledon, together with its support, that is to say, the ascending system.

1835 December 21, M. Mirrel, “Report on a Memoir of M. Gaudichaud, relative to the Development and Growth of the Stems, Leaves, and other Organs of Plants”, in The London and Edinburgh Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science, volume IX, page 373:

[…]but when we examine the increase of this branch in part, we see, with Cassini, that each merithallus, or internode, grows principally by its lower part[…]

1841, Augustin Pyramus de Candolle, “Of the Stem of Vascular Plants”, in Boughton Kingdon, transl., Vegetable Organography: Or, An Analytical Description of the Organs of Plants, 2nd edition, volume I, London: Houlston & Stoneman, translation of Théorie élémentaire de la botanique (in French), page 178:

Prof. F. Delpino regards the leaf, not as an independent organ, but as a section of a merithallus, the free projecting portion of a cone of growth, the remaining elements of which are closely united with one another to form the axial shoot.

1892, “Metamorphosis and Idiomorphosis”, in Journal of the Royal Microscopical Society, page 815:


trebouxoid

en-adj

trebouxoid (comparative more trebouxoid, superlative most trebouxoid)

more trebouxoid (comparative)
most trebouxoid (superlative)


core eudicot

(botany) A plant or taxonomic grouping that is within the clade core eudicots.


muticous

muticous (comparative more muticous, superlative most muticous)

more muticous (comparative)
most muticous (superlative)

Latin muticus, for mutilus. See mutilate.

(botany, zoology) Without a point or pointed end; blunt.


agrotransformation

From agro- (“short for Agrobacterium”) + transformation.

affix

(genetics) Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, usually performed on plants to introduce new genes


clinium

From Late Latin, from Ancient Greek κλίνη (klínē, “bed”).


scleroderm

Ancient Greek σκληρόδερμος (sklēródermos, “with hard skin”); by surface analysis, sclero- + -derm.

uder

σκληρόδερμος

(zoology, obsolete) One of a tribe of plectognath fishes (Sclerodermi) having the skin covered with hard scales, or plates, such as the cowfish and trunkfish.

(zoology, obsolete) One of the Sclerodermata; a madrepore.


gaura

Blossoms that flower atop willowy weedy stems such as forget-me-nots, delphiniums, and gauras should be thought of as two-dayers; they don't draw water well or retain preservatives.

1996, Rayford Clayton Reddell, Full bloom: thoughts from an opinionated gardener, page 66:

(botany) Any flowering plant of the Oenothera sect. Gaura (formerly the genus Gaura in the family Onagraceae, including many beeblossoms.


corcule

corcules (plural)
corcle (alternative)
corculum (alternative)

Latin corculum (“a little heart”), diminutive of cor (“heart”).

(botany, obsolete) The heart of the seed; the embryo or germ.


muraenoid

en-adj

muraenoid (comparative more muraenoid, superlative most muraenoid)

more muraenoid (comparative)
most muraenoid (superlative)
murenoid (alternative)

(zoology) Belongingto the moray eels (genus Muraena) or others in family Muraenidae.


mycoderma

en-noun

mycoderma (plural mycodermata or mycodermas)

mycodermata (plural)
mycodermas (plural)
mycoderm (alternative)

Nineteenth century. Appellativization from genus name Mycoderma, which was coined in 1822 as a scientific name for the putative genus of organisms in mother of vinegar; they were named thus under the belief that they were fungi (although in fermentation there may also be bacteria present besides the yeast), hence the combining form myco- (for more, see Wikipedia); by surface analysis, myco- + derma, where the latter component refers to the "skin" formed on fermenting liquid.

(archaic, biology, zymurgy, countable, uncountable) One of the forms in which microbes group themselves; a (microscopic or macroscopic) layer of motionless but living microbes united on the surface of the fluid in which they are developed, differing from the zoogloea stage by not having the intermediate mucous substance.

The sugar is first decomposed by the anærobiotic yeast plant, and the residues which it leaves behind are consumed in their turn by the ærobiotic mycodermata. There are many other ways in which the sugar can be resolved into carbonic dioxide and water, but everywhere there is the same mixture of anærobiotic and ærobiotic organisms. But it is unnecessary to insist. Enough has already been said to show how the different hydrocarbons of a quantity of wort disappear.

1890, Emma S. Merritt, “Report of Committee on Histology and Microscopy. The role of bacteria in fermentation and putrefaction”, in Transactions of the Medical Society of the State of California, volume 20: Session of 1890, page 205:

(archaic, biology, zymurgy, countable) A single microbe of (former) genus Mycoderma, as a denizen within a biofilm; a microscopic colony of such microbes, among many such colonies in a biofilm.


mycoderma

Nineteenth century or earlier. By surface analysis, myco- + derma, where myco- is an antiquated alternative spelling of muco- explained by the usual transliteration possibilities (y or u) for υ (u), Greek upsilon; as explained at mucus (English) from mucus (Latin), Ancient Greek words for mucus and mushrooms and sliminess were related.

(obsolete, biology, medicine, countable, uncountable) Mucous membrane (mucosa).


nitrite reductase

nitrite reductase (plural nitrite reductases)

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyses the reduction of nitrite ions


hydroxymethyltransferase

hydroxymethyltransferase (countable and uncountable, plural hydroxymethyltransferases)

(biochemistry) Any transferase enzyme that transfers a hydroxymethyl group.


dipterocarpaceous

(botany) Of or relating to the family Dipterocarpaceae.


monerula

From New Latin monerula, diminutive of moner. So called from its likeness to a moner.

The Monerula, as we may call this egg-cytod without a kernel, repeats then, according to the biogenetic principle

1883, Ernst Haeckel, The History of Creation:

(biology) A germ in that stage of development in which its form is simply a non-nucleated mass of protoplasm.


amphicoelous

en-adj

amphicoelous (comparative more amphicoelous, superlative most amphicoelous)

more amphicoelous (comparative)
most amphicoelous (superlative)
amphicœlous (alternative)

From Ancient Greek ἀμφίκοιλος (amphíkoilos, “hollowed on both sides”). By surface analysis, amphi- + -coelous.

lbor

amphicoelous centrum

amphicoelous vertebra

amphicoelous surface

(zoology, of vertebrae) Having both ends concave; biconcave.


epimeron

From Ancient Greek ἐπι- (epi-, “upon”) + μέρος (méros, “a part”).

prefix

(zoology) In crustaceans, the part of the side of a somite external to the basal joint of each appendage.

(entomology) In insects, the lateral piece behind the episternum.


(biochemistry) Ellipsis of hemoglobin A1c (“glycated hemoglobin”).

alpha-1C adrenergic receptor
alpha-1C adrenergic receptor

(biochemistry) Ellipsis of A1C receptor (“alpha-1C adrenergic receptor”).


entomostracean

(zoology, dated) Any of the Entomostraca, a historical subclass of crustaceans.


soboles

A soboles is a [...] creeping under-ground stem, sending roots from one part and leaf-buds from another, as in Couch grass, […]

1851, John Hutton Balfour, A Manual of Botany, page 35:

Producing young plants from a soboles.

1860, Robert Fowler, The medical vocabulary, page 306:

(botany, archaic) A shoot that runs along underground and forms new plants at short distances.

(botany, archaic) A sucker, as of a tree or shrub.


tetrodon

tetrodons (plural)
tetradont (alternative)

(zoology) Any of numerous species of plectognath fishes belonging to Tetraodon and allied genera.


elliptocyte

(biology) An elliptical cell, in particular an elliptical RBC.


trochilus

en-noun

trochilus (plural trochiluses or trochili)

From Latin trochilus (“a kind of small bird”), from Ancient Greek τροχίλος (trokhílos), from τρέχω (trékhō, “to run”).

bor

(zoology) Any member of the hummingbird genus Trochilus.


turio

/ˈtjʊəɹi.əʊ/

(botany) A shoot or sprout from the ground.


viruliferous

en-adj

viruliferous (comparative more viruliferous, superlative most viruliferous)

more viruliferous (comparative)
most viruliferous (superlative)

Circumstantial evidence suggests that heavy infestation by viruliferous aphids can overcome the highest degree of host plant resistance.

1968, M. J. Crampton and L. E. Watts, "Genetic Studies of Pea Leaf-Roll (Top-Yellows) Virus Resistance in Pisum sativum," New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, vol, 11, no. 4, p. 773 (Google preview)

Viruliferous curl mites increase during summer on volunteer wheat, and are carried by air currents into the new wheat crop.

1992 September 3, “Farmers concerned about frost, wheat ready for planting”, in McCook Daily Gazette, retrieved 2013-03-06, page 8:

Maize streak virus, an endemic pathogen of native African grasses, was then carried to maize plants by viruliferous leafhoppers.

2007 July 10, “Resistant variety of maize giving some hope”, in The Hindu, retrieved 2013-03-06:

(biology, agriculture) Virus-carrying, especially of insects which infest agricultural crops.


lipometabolism

en-noun

lipometabolism (countable and uncountable, plural lipometabolisms)

(biochemistry) The metabolism of fats and other lipids


antinutritious

en-adj

antinutritious (comparative more antinutritious, superlative most antinutritious)

more antinutritious (comparative)
most antinutritious (superlative)

(biochemistry) Interfering with the absorption or metabolism of a nutrient.


spirobacterium

(bacteriology, dated) Any bacterium found in spiral filaments, such as the genus Vibrio.


epiligrin

(biochemistry) laminin 5, the major human keratinocyte integrin ligand


pneumatization

en-noun

pneumatization (countable and uncountable, plural pneumatizations)

(biology) The formation of air cavities, as in bones or a sinus


choana

Borrowing from New Latin choana, from Ancient Greek χοᾰ́νη (khoắnē, “funnel”), from χέω (khéō, “to pour”) + -ᾰ́νη (-ắnē, suffix for utensil names).

af

The choanal glands of caecilians open at the margin of the choanae, whereas those of salamanders open deep within the choanae at the margin of the olfactory epithelium.

1986, William E. Duellman, Biology of Amphibians, page 409:

Zuckerkandl (1893) gives far and away the greatest measurements for the choanae; Hopmann (1895) reported that in man the choana has a mean height of 27 mm, and a mean width of 13 mm (Merkel, 1896); in women it measures 25 x 12mm. These values agree closely with our findings.

1989, Johannes Lang, translated by P. M. Stell, Clinical Anatomy of the Nose, Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses, page 103:

Inside of this area it is possible to identify clearly two parallel echonegative zones, which belong to the nasal cavities (choanas) and are placed on both sides of a medial structure, considerably echogenic, which corresponds to nasal bridge (Fig. 2.12.)

2006, José María Carrera, Asim Kurjak, Donald School: Atlas of Clinical Application of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology, India: Jaypee Brothers, page 14:

The bony rim of the posterior choana is located by passing the 4-mm microdebrider blade through the posterior ethmoids and into the nasopharynx. The tip of the microdebrider blade is pushed against the mucosa just above the bony choanae on the anterior face of the sphenoid.

2008, Peter-John Wormald, Endoscopic Sinus Surgery, 2nd edition, page 111:

(anatomy, zootomy) A pair of apertures towards the back of the nasal cavity, opening into the nasopharynx.


Boreal

(geology, paleontology) A subdivision of the Holocene epoch.


Tarantian

(geology, paleontology) A subdivision of the Pleistocene epoch.


Gelasian

From Italian Gelasiano, the adjectival form of Gela, a town in Sicily near the reference stratotype.


Piacenzian

(geology, paleontology) A subdivision of the Pliocene epoch.


Zanclean

From Ancient Greek Ζάγκλη (Zánklē), the name originally given to the city of Messina, Sicily, by its ancient Greek founders. (Compare Messinian, the preceding age.)

1881, "A. W. W.", Notices of Memoirs: I.—Tertiary Geology of the Reggiano (Calabria), in Henry Woodward (editor), Geological Magazine, New Series, Decade 2, Volume 8, Trübner & Co., page 324,
The Pliocene is found at a much greater elevation than any of the other Tertiary series, reaching in the Zanclean to 1200 mètres above the sea, and as the conditions of deposition were quite different here from those which obtained in north Italy, the series in one part of the peninsula forms a complement to those in the other.

In the first case the Early Pliocene coincides with the Zanclean and its upper boundary with the last occurrence of Globorotalia margaritae (Mazzei et al., 1978).

1989, Silvia Iaccarino, “8: Mediterranean Miocene and Pliocene planktic foraminifera”, in Hans M. Bolli, John B. Saunders, Katharina Perch-Nielsen, editors, Plankton Stratigraphy, Volume 1, Cambridge University Press, page 288:

Warmer climates and sea level rises did not occur until the early Zanclean Pliocene (4.5 million years).

2003, Edward J. Petuch, Cenozoic Seas: The View From Eastern North America, page 135:

(geology, paleontology) A geological subdivision, the earliest age of the Pliocene epoch.


Messinian

From Messina (“Sicilian city near to where evaporite rocks of this period outcrop”) + -ian; coined by Swiss stratigrapher Karl Mayer-Eymar in 1867.

suffix

(geology, paleontology) The final subdivision of the Miocene epoch.


Tortonian

(geology, paleontology) A subdivision of the Miocene epoch.


Langhian

Named for the Langhe, Piedmont, Italy, the area where the period was first established.


Chattian

From Chatti + -an. The original type locality is in Hesse, whose name derives from "Chatti".

(geology, paleontology) A subdivision of the Oligocene epoch.


Priabonian

(geology, paleontology) A subdivision of the Eocene epoch.


Lutetian

Albert de Lapparent
Lutetian
Paris Basin

From Lutetia + -an; geological sense coined by French geologist Albert de Lapparent in reference to the Paris Basin.

There are good reasons for believing that the “Paniselian” is a local shallow-water representative of the lower part of the Lutetian.

1921, Henry Woodward, Geological Magazine, volume 58, page 198:


Thanetian

(geology, paleontology) A subdivision of the Paleocene epoch.


Santonian

Late (Upper) Cretaceous
Upper Cretaceous

(geology, paleontology) A stage or age, a subdivision of the Late (Upper) Cretaceous epoch.

Santonià

subdivision of the Late Cretaceous epoch


Coniacian

(geology, paleontology) A subdivision of the Late (Upper) Cretaceous epoch.

Coniacià

a subdivision of the Late (Upper) Cretaceous epoch


Aptian

(geology, paleontology) A subdivision of the Early (Lower) Cretaceous epoch.

Aptià

subdivision of the Early Cretaceous epoch


Tithonian

From Tithonus + -ian. Named by German paleontologist Albert Oppel in 1865. In Greek mythology, Tithonus was the lover of Eos, goddess of the dawn. The Tithonian is the last age of the Jurassic, coming immediately before the dawn of the Cretaceous.

Titonian (alternative)
Tithonic (alternative)

(geology, paleontology) A geological age or stage, from 152.1 ±0.9 to ~145.0 mya.


Kimmeridgian

(geology, paleontology) A subdivision of the Jurassic period.


Callovian

From French callovien, coined by Alcide d’Orbigny from Latin Calloviensis, from the Latinized name of the Kellaways area near Chippenham in Wiltshire, England.


Hettangian

From French Hettange, now Hettange-Grande, a commune in northeastern France, (German Hettingen, Luxembourgish (Lorraine Franconian) Hetténgen).

(geology, paleontology) The earliest age of the Jurassic period, from 199.3–201.3Ma


Ladinian

(geology, paleontology) A subdivision of the Triassic period.


Changhsingian

From Mandarin 長興 /长兴 (Chángxīng), Wade-Giles romanization: Chʻang²-hsing¹; named after Changxing County in China.

Changxingian (alternative)
Changshingian (alternative)

There is no evidence for a large drop in PCO2, and independent proxy data indicate only a minor temperature decrease of a few degrees Celsius during the Changhsingian (22), suggesting that these mechanisms alone cannot explain the pH increase (fig. S5).

2015 April 10, M. O. Clarkson, S. A. Kasemann, R. A. Wood, T. M. Lenton, S. J. Daines, S. Richoz, F. Ohnemueller, A. Meixner, S. W. Poulton, E. T. Tipper, “Ocean acidification and the Permo-Triassic mass extinction”, in Science, volume 348, number 6231, →ISSN, pages 229–230:

Anoxic/euxinic benthic marine conditions prevailed throughout the middle Wuchiapingian to the early Changhsingian at Shangsi, which persisted for 3.9 Myr (256.974–253.073 Ma). This long-term middle Wuchiapingian-early Changhsingian anoxia event could be correlated both regionally and globally, and was caused by paleogeographic restrictions, relative high sea levels, high marine productivities, and possible global climate changes.

2022 January 11, Li Yuan, “Investigating benthic marine redox conditions from late Permian to earliest Triassic”, in Phys.org, archived from the original on 2022-01-11, Earth Sciences:

(geology, paleontology) A subdivision of the Permian period.


Wuchiapingian

From the Wade–Giles romanization of Mandarin 吳家坪 /吴家坪 (Wújiāpíng, literally “Wu Family Flatland”) in Shaanxi Province in China: Wu²-chia¹-pʻing².


Gzhelian

Named after the Russian village Gzhel, + -ian.

(geology, paleontology) A subdivision of the Carboniferous period.


Visean

Named in 1832 by Belgian geologist André Dumont, after the city of Visé in the Belgian province of Liège.

Viseà

A subdivision of the Carboniferous period


Famennian

(geology, paleontology) A subdivision of the Devonian period.


Ludfordian

(geology, paleontology) A subdivision of the Silurian period.


Hirnantian

(geology, paleontology) A subdivision of the Ordovician period.


Jiangshanian

(geology, paleontology) A subdivision of the Cambrian period.


Guzhangian

From Mandarin 古丈 (Gǔzhàng, “Guzhang County”) + -ian.


Fortunian

From Fortune (town in Newfoundland) + -ian.


white rust

(phytopathology) A disease of some plants caused by the pathogen Albugo candida


baguet

(architecture, zoology) Alternative form of baguette.


endectocide

Blend of endoparasite + ectoparasite + -cide

blend

(veterinary medicine) An antiparasitic drug that is active both against endoparasites and against ectoparasites.


aldehyde oxidase

en-noun

aldehyde oxidase (plural aldehyde oxidases)

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of an aldehyde to a carboxylic acid


hormonogenesis

(biochemistry) The biosynthesis of hormones


xenic

(biology, of a culture) Containing an unidentified organism, especially a bacterium.


apetaly

He suggested that well-established plants, as shrubs and trees, as well as those which mass their flowers may dispense with petals. Petaly is apparently correlated with entomophily, and apetaly with anemophily.

1899, John Merle Coulter, M. S. Coulter, Charles Reid Barnes, Botanical Gazette (volume 28, page 281)

(botany) The condition of having no petals


kinetogenic

en-adj

kinetogenic (comparative more kinetogenic, superlative most kinetogenic)

more kinetogenic (comparative)
most kinetogenic (superlative)


primaried

(ornithology, in combination) Having a specified number or kind of primaries (kind of flight feather).


allopolyploidization

allopolyploidizations (plural)
allopolyploidisation (alternative)

(genetics) The process of allopolyploid formation


monolectic

monolectic (comparative more monolectic, superlative most monolectic)

more monolectic (comparative)
most monolectic (superlative)

(entomology) Of or relating to an insect (especially a bee) which collects pollen from the flowers of a single plant species.


septiferous

(botany) Bearing a partition; said of the valves of a capsule.


genon

The genon is defined as the coding sequence (which can then revert to being called "gene," akin to the sense of cistron, but better (less ambiguously) expresed in terms of the mRNA that is translated into a protein) together with the additional information that is needed to fully express the coding sequence. The genon is therefore more akin to a program that results in a functionally active gene product.

2015, Jeremy Ramsden, Bioinformatics: An Introduction:

Their central point is that coding information is not simply contained in the coded sequence, but is, in their terms, provided by the genon that accompanies it on the expression pathway and controls in which peptide it will end up.

2017, Rodrick Wallace, Computational Psychiatry: A Systems Biology Approach to the Epigenetics of Mental Disorders:

(genetics) A coding sequence (or gene) together with the information necessary to fully express that coding sequence, such as epigenetic factors.


sporidesmin

en-noun

sporidesmin (countable and uncountable, plural sporidesmins)

(biochemistry) Any of a class of indoles that are mycotoxins.


debranchiate

If this is the significance of septa in the nautilus, the same must be said of all nautiloid shells, and the families of Ammonites and Orthoceratites; and as the structure of the phragmacone of Belemnites is essentially similar, it must also be applied to such debranchiate shells as are chambered.

1864 October, Harry Seeley, “On the Septa and Siphuncles of Cephalopod Shells”, in The Quarterly Journal of Science, I, № iv, page 761/2:

One was wholly debranchiate, the other had but one gill plume remaining.

1934, Natural History Report: Zoology VII, British Museum, page 144

Sectioned buccal masses of several debranchiate cephalopods prepared by Mrs. von Boletzky were studied with the help of S. von Boletzky at the Laboratoire Arago in Banyuls-sur-Mer.

1988, Jost Wiedmann and Jürgen Kullmann (editors), Cephalopods Present and Past: Otto Heinrich Schindewolf Symposium, Tübingen 1985 (2nd International Cephalopod Symposium), E. Schweizerbart’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung (10) (13), page 676


tubularian

(zoology) Any hydroid belonging to the former suborder Tubularida (cnidarians).


illoricated

(zoology) Not loricated; lacking a hard shell.


intraterrestrial

(microbiology) a microbe which lives deep underground


trebouxioid

en-adj

trebouxioid (comparative more trebouxioid, superlative most trebouxioid)

more trebouxioid (comparative)
most trebouxioid (superlative)


apoptose

en-verb

apoptose (third-person singular simple present apoptoses, present participle apoptosing, simple past and past participle apoptosed)

apoptoses (present singular third-person)
apoptosing (participle present)
apoptosed (participle past)
apoptosed (past)

Part of the resolution of inflammation, particularly the removal of accumulated neutrophils, is because neutrophils are induced to apoptose (43).

2000, William E. Garrett, Donald T. Kirkendall, editors, Exercise and Sport Science:

(biology, cytology, ambitransitive) To cause the cell to undergo apoptosis, a process of programmed cell death.


amavadin

(biochemistry) A complex anion, containing vanadium, found in some species of Amanita mushrooms

amavadina

anion containing vanadium found in some amanitas


acanthocladous

en-adj

acanthocladous (comparative more acanthocladous, superlative most acanthocladous)

more acanthocladous (comparative)
most acanthocladous (superlative)

From acantho- + Ancient Greek κλάδος (kládos), + -ous.


excretor

(biology) Any organism that excretes waste matter


netropsin

en-noun

netropsin (countable and uncountable, plural netropsins)

(biochemistry) An oligopeptide, first isolated from the actinobacterium Streptomyces netropsis, with antibiotic and antiviral activity.


congocidine

congocidine (countable and uncountable, plural congocidines)


nicotinamidase

nicotinamidase (countable and uncountable, plural nicotinamidases)

(biochemistry) A hydrolase enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction nicotinamide + H₂O ⇌ nicotinate + NH₃.


neurophysin

(biochemistry) Any of a group of carrier proteins that transport the hormones oxytocin and vasopressin to the posterior pituitary from the paraventricular and supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus


nephrotome

(biology, dated) A section of the mesoderm formerly believed to give rise to the pronephros and eventually to the rest of the kidney.


acarophilous

(biology, rare) That lives in a symbiosis with mites

The last-mentioned author has a list of 270 acarophilous species.

1910 December, Professor G. F. Scott-Elliot M.A. B.Sc. F.L.S., “Mites and Acarodomatia”, in Transactions of the Botanical Society of Edinburgh, volume 24, →DOI, pages 126–135:

(botany, rare) That is pollinated by mites


aurelia

From Italian aurelia (“chrysalis”), from Latin aureus (“golden”).

(entomology, archaic) The chrysalis of an insect, especially of a butterfly.


subnivium

From sub- (“under”) + Latin nix (“snow”) + -ium.

Voles and shrews thriving in networks of tunnels in the subnivium would experience a loss of their snowy refuge and face greater metabolic demands to cope with more-frequent and harsher exposure to the elements.

2019, Colin Rees, Nature's Calendar, Johns Hopkins University Press, page 231:

Scientists have long studied the subnivium, a stratum of life that exists within and below the snowpack. The subnivium enjoys a microclimate created by heat and moisture escaping the ground.

2021, Porter Fox, The Last Winter, Hachette Book Group, unnumbered page:

Without a snow cover, the duration of frozen soil will increase, causing winter cooling for subnivium-dependent organisms (Zhu et al., 2019).

2022, Jeffrey L. Walck, Siti N. Hidayati, “10: Plant regeneration from seeds in a the temperate deciduous forest zone under a changing climate”, in Carol C. Baskin, Jerry M. Baskin, editors, Plant Regeneration from Seeds, Elsevier (Academic Press), page 131:

(ecology) The seasonal microenvironment beneath the snow.


tetragonous

en-adj

tetragonous (comparative more tetragonous, superlative most tetragonous)

more tetragonous (comparative)
most tetragonous (superlative)


meral

Stomatopods signal mood, intention and – perhaps – much else with subtle changes in posture, as well as their impressive markings, which in many species include a pair of meral spots that can look like giant eyes.

2012, Caspar Henderson, The Book of Barely Imagined Beings, Granta Books, published 2013, page 103:

(zoology) Pertaining to the merus or meropodite.


logistic growth

(ecology) A pattern of growth that can be represented by a logistic function.


herkogamy

From Ancient Greek ἕρκος (hérkos, “fence, wall”) + -gamy.

der

(botany) Different relative positionings of the stigma and the anthers.


pristella

(zoology) A fish, Pristella maxillaris (the only species in its genus).


astropecten

(zoology) Any of the genus Astropecten of sea stars.


geocarpy

(biology) The production by plants of diaspores within the soil.


amphicarpy

(biology) The production by a plant of more than one type of fruit. Sometimes restricted to situations where one fruit type is aerial and one is underground.

anficarpia

production by a plant of only some diaspores beneath the soil


chasmogamy

(botany) The production of flowers that open and expose the stamens and styles.


dungfly

dungflies (plural)
dung fly (alternative)
dung-fly (alternative)

From dung + fly, from its typical food source.

(zoology) A two-winged fly of the genus Scathophaga.


nucleomorph

(biology) A small vestigial eukaryotic nucleus found between the inner and outer pairs of membranes in certain plastids.


phenogram

(genetics) A phenetic diagram (or cladogram)


transdetermination

en-noun

transdetermination (countable and uncountable, plural transdeterminations)

(biology) Change of the path of differentiation in cells.


antiprostaglandin

(biochemistry) A prostaglandin inhibitor.


thermal credit

(ecology) A unit that offsets the thermal impact of one ton of carbon dioxide, accounting the net thermal impact generated by human activity on the Earth's climate.


gymnotiform

(zoology) Belonging to the Gymnotiformes.


gymnotiform

(zoology) Any member of the Gymnotiformes.


pharyngula

(biology) The phylotypic stage of embryonic development of vertebrate animals, following the blastula, gastrula, and neurula.


rotaliid

(zoology) Any foraminiferan of the order Rotaliida


woodsia

(botany) Any of the genus Woodsia of ferns.


cyanope

From Ancient Greek κυανῶπις (kuanôpis, “dark-looking”).

uder

On this basis various genotypes may be listed as follows: EEHH - Fast dark, EEHh - Medium dark with a cyanope stage, EeHH - Medium dark with a glaucope state, EdHh - Slow dark with intermediate stage variable.

1946, Reginald Ruggles Gates, Human Genetics, page 95:

The cyanope type (brown eyes, blond hair) and the glaucope type (blue eyes, black hair) probably arose independently as mutations, the glaucope being earlier in the European population, i.e., the mutation to blue eyes probably occurred before the mutation to fair hair.

1953, Alan H. Kelso De Montigny, International Anthropological and Linguistic Review, page 61:

There were too few in the cyanope group of the MacConaill types for comparison to be made.

1955, The Journal of Mental Science - Volume 101, page 541:

(anthropology, genetics, dated) A person with fair hair and brown eyes.


glaucope

From Ancient Greek γλαυκώψ (glaukṓps, “with blue-grey eyes”).

The most numerous in each war period had blue or grey eyes and dark hair (" glaucope ") but the percentage of such types fell from 47 to 40 per cent between the two samples, while those with fair hair and light eyes (" blond ") rose from 16 to 19 per cent.

1957, Eugenics review - Volumes 48-49, pages 112–113:

(anthropology, genetics, dated) A person with dark hair and blue eyes.


takeback

en-noun

takeback (countable and uncountable, plural takebacks)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-takeback.wav

It would be convenient to consider takeback as a step process; after an intervention the occupants immediately establish a new level of demand for that household energy service. Occupant behaviour however is more complicated than this and takes some time to adjust.

2010, November 17-19, A.R.Pollard and N.R. Buckett, Clawback of energy efficiency upgrades in New Zealand households (Paper presented at the 5th Australasian Housing Researchers' Conference)

(conservation) The reduction in energy savings from new technologies due to increased levels of demand.


nonpenetrance

(genetics) Lack of penetrance; failure of a particular variation of a gene to penetrate.


deoxyribonucleoprotein

deoxyribonucleoprotein (countable and uncountable, plural deoxyribonucleoproteins)

(biochemistry) The complex of DNA and protein in which DNA is usually found upon cell disruption and isolation.


posthepatic

(anatomy, biochemistry) downstream of the liver in the circulation of the hepatic portal system; and thus, after the metabolic effect of the liver.


apothecial

(lichenology) Relating to the apothecium.


isidium

According to OED, from a genus name Isidium (Acharius 1798), itself from the goddess Isis.

(lichenology) A vegetative reproductive structure present in some lichens; an outgrowth of the thallus surface, usually with a columnar structure, and consisting of both fungal hyphae and algal cells.


keratoid

keratoid cancer of the lip


kininase

(biochemistry) An enzyme involved in kinin metabolism.


kassinin

(biochemistry) A tachykinin neuropeptide derived from Kassina frogs.


kyotorphin

kyotorphin (countable and uncountable, plural kyotorphins)

(biochemistry) A neuroactive dipeptide which plays a role in pain regulation in the brain.


vitrosin

(biochemistry) The structural protein of the vitreous body.


kinectin

kinectin (countable and uncountable, plural kinectins)

(biochemistry) A particular transmembrane protein in humans.


sfericase

(biochemistry) A proteolytic enzyme obtained from Bacillus sphaericus.


edaphoclimatic

en-adj

edaphoclimatic (comparative more edaphoclimatic, superlative most edaphoclimatic)

more edaphoclimatic (comparative)
most edaphoclimatic (superlative)

(ecology) Relating to edaphology and climate


cv.

(botany, avoided) Abbreviation of convariety.


CIBER

(biology, Australia) Initialism of Centre for Integrative Bee Research.


romneya

On one occasion I raised a batch of romneyas from seeds which were sown directly they were ripe, but the usual method of propagation is by root cuttings, which can be obtained at this period of the year.

(botany) Any of the genus Romneya of flowering plants of the poppy family, perennial subshrubs with woody stems and large white flowers with yellow centres.


mutationism

(biology) A theory emphasizing mutation as a creative principle and source of discontinuity in evolutionary change, particularly associated with the founders of modern genetics.


myopsid

(zoology) Any squid of the order Myopsida or suborder Myopsina.


myotrophin

en-noun

myotrophin (usually uncountable, plural myotrophins)

(biochemistry) A protein that in humans is encoded by the MTPN gene.


lactogen

lactogen (countable and uncountable, plural lactogens)

(biochemistry) A polypeptide placental hormone, part of the somatotropin family, with structure and function similar to those of growth hormone. It modifies the metabolic state of the mother during pregnancy to facilitate the energy supply of the fetus.


nummulitid

(zoology) Any foraminifer in the family Nummulitidae.


nudicauline

(biochemistry) A toxic alkaloid found in some larkspurs.


binary clone

(genetics) A composite organism created from the combination of DNA from two separate genetic sources, rather than one. Essentially, a binary clone is the naturally produced offspring via sexual reproduction via germ cells, or else artificially produced offspring of two individuals that has been created without using germ cells.


pilargid

(zoology) Any polychaete worm of the family Pilargidae.


capitellid

(zoology) Any polychaete worm of the family Capitellidae.


GDOR

(biochemistry) Glutathione dehydrogenase (ascorbate)


productid

(zoology) Any member of the Productidae.


tropotaxis

tropotaxis (usually uncountable, plural tropotaxes)

(biology) Movement by organisms with paired receptor cells, triggered when the stimuli at the receptors are equally balanced.


menotaxis

(biology) Movement by organisms involving constant angular orientation, as with bees returning to a hive


mnemotaxis

(biology) Movement by organisms back along their own trails.


neurocalcin

neurocalcin (countable and uncountable, plural neurocalcins)

(biochemistry) A neuronal calcium-binding protein found in mammalian brains.


fibrinase

fibrinase (countable and uncountable, plural fibrinases)

(biochemistry) An enzyme involved in the formation of fibrin.


zoonerythrin

(biology) A red pigment found in some sponges and in the feathers of flamingos.


endodeoxyribonuclease

(biochemistry) An enzyme that is both a deoxyribonuclease and an endonuclease.


seedset

(biology) A set of seeds from the same organism.


fruitset

fruitset (countable and uncountable, plural fruitsets)

fruitsets (plural)
fruit-set (alternative)

(biology) A set of fruits from the same organism.

Later, Schaible (49) also noticed that tomato fruit-set is generally poor when the night temperature exceeds 23 °C. Howlett (25) points out that both night and day temperatures are important factors limiting tomato fruit-set.

1979, Robert Cowell, 1st International Symposium on Tropical Tomato:

Most workers who have studied the use of auxin sprays on tomatoes have found that although forcing fruit-set on the first 3 or 4 clusters is beneficial, auxin applications to flowers on higher clusters have very little effect.

2022 May 27, A. Carl Leopold, Auxins and Plant Growth, Univ of California Press, →ISBN, page 223:

There is a strong and positive correlation between fruit-set and gamete viability (Prasad et al., 2017). Gamete functions (pollen and ovule) is the most important factor for fruit-set under HS. In tomato, fruit-set has been shown to[…]

2022 October 14, Masayoshi Shigyo, Mostafa Abdelwahed Abdelrahman, Lam-Son Phan Tran, Physiological and Molecular Perspectives of Stress Tolerance in Vegetables, Frontiers Media SA, →ISBN, page 170:

(biology, horticulture) The "setting" (beginning of growing) of fruit, resulting from successful pollination.


teucrium

From the genus name (New Latin Teucrium).

(botany) Any of the genus Teucrium of lamiaceous plants; a germander.


copulin

The practice was also given as a handy tip for single women in sexologist Shan Boodram’s 2019 book, The Game of Desire. “If copulins [chemicals secreted by the vagina]^([sic]) are used as perfume, then it will attract anyone traditionally attracted to women with vulvas,” Boodram wrote.

2022 August 7, Olivia Petter, quoting Shan Boodram, “The disgust over ‘vabbing’ is just another way to demonise women’s bodies”, in The Independent:

(biochemistry) Any of a class of aliphatic acids that are found in vaginal fluids and used to signal ovulation.


oligonucleotidase

oligonucleotidase (countable and uncountable, plural oligonucleotidases)

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of an oligonucleotide, but especially an exoribonuclease derived from Flammulina velutipes.


permethrinase

(biochemistry) pyrethroid hydrolase, an enzyme involved in degradation of pyrethroid pesticides


prespore

(biology, of a cell) Destined to become part of the spore of a fruiting body.


prestalk

(biology, of a cell) Destined to become part of the stalk of a fruiting body.


pseudoplasmodium

(biology) A multicellular assembly formed by dictyostelid amoebae.


pretyrosine

(biochemistry) An amino acid intermediate of phenylalanine and/or tyrosine biosynthesis.


nucleotidylexotransferase

nucleotidylexotransferase (usually uncountable, plural nucleotidylexotransferases)

(biochemistry) A specialized DNA polymerase expressed in immature, pre-B, pre-T lymphoid cells, and acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma cells, which adds N-nucleotides to the V, D, and J exons during antibody gene recombination.


nattokinase

From Japanese 納豆菌 (nattōkin, “nattō-bacteria”) + -ase. (It is not a kinase.)

uder

(biochemistry) A serine protease of the subtilisin family, extracted from natto.


glycogene

(biology) A gene involved in the glycosylation pathway.


neolactotetraosylceramide

From neo- + lacto- + tetra- + osyl- + ceramide.

prefix

GSL (glucosylceramide, lactosylceramide, globotriaosylceramide, lactotriaosylceramide, globotetraosylceramide and neolactotetraosylceramide) were separated.

1988, Otakar Mikeš, Separation of Individual Compound Classes:

β3Gn-T5 exhibited strong activity in transferring GlcNAc to glycolipid substrates, such as lactosylceramide (LacCer) and neolactotetraosylceramide (nLatCer; paragloboside), to produce Lc3Cer and neolactopentaosylceramide (nLcsCer) […]

2009, Wiley encyclopedia of chemical biology, volume 1, page 641:

On glycolipids, [ST3Gal6] has a high affinity for neolactotetraosylceramide and neolactohexaosylceramide structures[…]

2006, Michelle A. Lum, The Role of Differential Glyco-gene Expression in Cancer Metastasis, page 47:

(biochemistry) A glycosphingolipid found in the nervous system, containing four monosaccharide residues and a ceramide. It acts as an enzyme to catalyse certain biochemical reactions.


diisopropylfluorophosphatase

en-noun

diisopropylfluorophosphatase (countable and uncountable, plural diisopropylfluorophosphatases)

(biochemistry) A hydrolase enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction diisopropyl fluorophosphate + H₂O ⇌ diisopropyl phosphate + fluoride.


diphosphotransferase

(biochemistry) Any of a group of phosphotransferase enzymes that act on pyrophosphate groups.


deamidase

deamidase (countable and uncountable, plural deamidases)

(biochemistry) An enzyme, carboxypeptidase C.


desmolase

desmolase (countable and uncountable, plural desmolases)

(biochemistry) An enzyme that catalyzes the formation or destruction of carbon-carbon bonds within a molecule. These enzymes play a significant role in respiration and fermentation.


macropain

macropain (usually uncountable, plural macropains)

(biochemistry) Proteasome endopeptidase complex


alcyonarian

(zoology) Any of the Alcyonaria, a subclass of the Anthozoa.


endopolygeny

(biology) division into several organisms at once by internal budding


endodyogeny

Toxoplasma gondii
Toxoplasma gondii#Translingual

(biology) A form of asexual reproduction, favoured by parasites such as Toxoplasma gondii, in which two daughter cells are produced inside a mother cell, which is then consumed by the offspring prior to their separation.


anticoding

(genetics) Of or relating to an antisense strand.


asparagoid

(botany) Resembling members of a botanical group for which the genus Asparagus is representative.


bacterioopsin

bacterioopsin (countable and uncountable, plural bacterioopsins)

(biochemistry) A particular transmembrane protein.


xanthochromism

/ˌzænθəˈkɹəʊmɪzəm/


lonicerin

(biochemistry) A flavonoid found in Lonicera plants.


neosuchian

(paleontology) A member of the clade Neosuchia of crocodilian and related reptiles.


Carolina dog

After the Carolinas, where the dogs were first discovered or rediscovered in the modern era.

(zoology) A type of dog, thought to have reached the North American continent before Europeans (and European dogs), which has a fawn, black, white, or piebald coat and which naturally roams the cypress swamps of the Carolinas, but may be domesticated.


labyrinth organ

labyrinth organ (plural labyrinth organs)

The labyrinth organ may work a bit like a lung, but it is an entirely different solution to the problem of how to remove oxygen from air.[…]The labyrinth organ is an effective adaptation to low-oxygen habitats.

2002, Gary Elson, Oliver Lucanus, Gouramies and Other Labyrinth Fishes, page 6:

The labyrinth organ fills most of the opercular cavity and is positioned behind and above the gill chamber and extends into the suprabranchial space; hence the name suprabranchial organ.

2008, Tim M. Berra, Freshwater Fish Distribution, page 480:

Anesthesia of fish with labyrinth organs (bettas, some gouramis, etc.) should be approached with caution. Owing to the unique anatomy of the labyrinth organ (enables fish to breathe atmospheric oxygen) and the gills of these fish (thick lamellae and ecreased lamellar surface area), it is possible to "drown" the fish if an overdose of an anesthetic agent is given.

2012, Helen E. Roberts, “MS 222 Anesthesia”, in Jörg Mayer, Thomas M. Donnelly, editors, Clinical Veterinary Advisor: Birds and Exotic Pets, page 513:

(zoology) An organ common to fish of the suborder Anabantoidei that enables them to breathe air.


labyrinth fish

labyrinth fish (plural labyrinth fish or labyrinth fishes)

labyrinth fish (plural)
labyrinth fishes (plural)

From labyrinth + fish; see also labyrinth organ.

Labyrinth fish have another peculiarity, in that all the internal organs are compressed into the front part of the body, so that the rear of the body contains only the spine and muscles.[…]Labyrinth fish are nearly all predatory, and many are unsuitable for the community tank.

1995, Brian Ward, The Aquarium Fish Survival Manual, page 114:

Labyrinth fish belong to different but related families of fish; they live in southwestern Africa and throughout much of southern and eastern Asia.

2001, Marshall Cavendish Corporation, Aquatic Life of the World, volume 5, page 288:

Labyrinth fishes (Anabantoidei) are grouped into three families (Osphronemidae, Helostomatidae, and Anabantidae) within the teleost Order Perciformes.[…]Labyrinth fishes form a natural (monophyletic) group of teleost fishes, the Suborder Anabantoidei.

2009, S. Blair Hedges, Sudhir Kumar, editors, The Timetree of Life, page 344:

Labyrinth fish are nest builders, and the males maintain the nest and incubate the eggs.

2010, Beth Vanhorn, Robert W. Clark, Veterinary Assisting Fundamentals & Applications, page 2017:

(zoology) Any fish that has a labyrinth organ, a fish of the suborder Anabantoidei, an anabantoid.


microtephra

This microtephra may be ejected into the upper atmosphere and travel for many thousands of miles […].

2011, Chris Stringer, The Origin of Our Species, Penguin, published 2012, page 45:

(geology, paleontology) Microscopic deposits of tephra.


muton

Contracted form of mutation + -on, coined by American molecular biologist Seymour Benzer in 1957 as "[t]he unit of mutation […] defined as the smallest element that, when altered, can give rise to a mutant form of the organism."

coinage

(genetics) A unit of mutation forming part of a recon.


complex regional pain syndrome

en-noun

complex regional pain syndrome (countable and uncountable, plural complex regional pain syndromes)

complex regional pain syndromes (plural)

central nervous system
central nervous system

autonomic nervous system
autonomic nervous system

(biology, medicine) A chronic systemic disease characterized by severe pain, swelling, changes in the skin (e.g., erythema, edema), functional impairment, and sensory and vasomotor disturbance. Often it initially affects an arm or leg before spreading through the body; it is associated with dysregulation of the central nervous system and autonomic nervous system.


alkylglycerone phosphate synthase

alkylglycerone phosphate synthase (plural alkylglycerone phosphate synthases)

alkylglycerone phosphate synthases (plural)

(biochemistry) An enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction 1-acyl-glycerone 3-phosphate + a long-chain alcohol ⇌ an alkyl-glycerone 3-phosphate + a long-chain acid anion.


tripeptide aminopeptidase

(biochemistry) A zinc enzyme, widely distributed in mammalian tissues, that catalyzes the release of the N-terminal residue from a tripeptide.


amygdalase

amygdalase (countable and uncountable, plural amygdalases)

amygdalin beta-glucosidase
amygdalin beta-glucosidase

(biochemistry) Either of two enzymes: beta-glucosidase and amygdalin beta-glucosidase.


linamarase

(biochemistry) beta-D-glucosidase, an enzyme found in many plants including cassava and the butter bean; an enzyme which breaks down linamarin and produces cyanohydrines and thus hydrogen cyanide


linamarin

(biochemistry) A cyanogenic glucoside found in the leaves and roots of plants such as cassava, lima beans, and flax, capable of decomposing to toxic hydrogen cyanide in the human intestine.


lotaustralin

From translingual Lotus australis and -in.

(biochemistry) A cyanogenic glucoside found in Lotus australis and other plants, structurally related to linamarin.


arbutinase

(biochemistry) The enzyme beta-glucosidase.


exocellulase

(biochemistry) Any cellulase that hydrolyse glycoside links at the ends of cellulose chains


ammonotelism

(biochemistry) Ammonotelic excretion; ammonotely.


atroxase

Crotalus atrox
Crotalus atrox#Translingual

(biochemistry) An endopeptidase enzyme, found in the venom of the diamondback rattlesnake Crotalus atrox, that catalyzes the cleavage of His⁵-Leu, Ser⁹-His, His¹⁰-Leu, Ala¹⁴-Leu and Tyr¹⁶-Leu of insulin B chain.


bilitranslocase

(biochemistry) A particular plasma membrane protein with high affinity for bilirubin.


monocephalic

(botany) Having a single head, particularly in the shape of a flower, especially a dandelion


transmodulation

transmodulation (countable and uncountable, plural transmodulations)

(biochemistry, electronics) The modulation (or regulation) of a secondary system.


laticifer

(botany) a type of elongated secretory cell found in the leaves and/or stems of plants that produce latex and rubber as secondary metabolites.


allotopic

(genetics) Relating to expression from the nuclear genome of genes that normally are expressed only from the mitochondrial genome.


arylamidase

arylamidase (countable and uncountable, plural arylamidases)

cytosol alanyl aminopeptidase
cytosol alanyl aminopeptidase

(biochemistry) The enzyme cytosol alanyl aminopeptidase.

arilamidase

the enzyme cytosol alanyl aminopeptidase


aminopolypeptidase

aminopolypeptidase (countable and uncountable, plural aminopolypeptidases)


nullizygous

(genetics) Carrying two mutant alleles for the same gene, both alleles being complete loss-of-function or "null" alleles.


autozygous

(genetics) Being a genotype of a kind where two alleles at a locus originate from a common ancestor by way of nonrandom mating (inbreeding).


allozygous

(genetics) Being a genotype of a kind where two alleles at a locus come from completely different sources, as in most normal, random mating.


somaclonal

(genetics) Produced by plant tissue culture


inulase

inulase (countable and uncountable, plural inulases)


inulinase

inulinase (countable and uncountable, plural inulinases)

(biochemistry) An enzyme, 1-beta-D-fructan fructanohydrolase, that catalyses the endohydrolysis of (2->1)-beta-D-fructosidic linkages in inulin.