hematin

en-noun

hematin (countable and uncountable, plural hematins)

hematins (plural)
haematin (alternative)
hæmatin (alternative)
hematine (alternative)
haematine (alternative)
hæmatine (alternative)

From Ancient Greek αἷμᾰ (haîmă, “blood”) + -in. By surface analysis, hemat- + -in.

When the stain is of recent date, or supposed to be so, the red corpuscles should be particularly examined, and every care should be taken to preserve them without change. The stains must not be washed with water, so that the hæmatin may not be altered.

1873 December 5, “The Examination of Blood-Stains”, in William Crookes, editor, The Chemical News and Journal of Physical Science, volume XXVIII, number 732, page 291:

A urinary pH of 5.6 or less causes myoglobin to dissociate into globin and hematin (Reilly & Salluzzo, 1990).

2005, Sharon G. Childs, “Rhabdomyolysis”, in Orthopaedic Nursing, volume 24, number 6, →PMID, page 445:

(biochemistry) Hemoglobin with iron in ferric state.

This study was a multi-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial in premenopausal women between 18 and 50 years old with cyclic (22 to 35 days) abnormal uterine bleeding in ≥4 of the last 6 menstrual cycles, menstrual blood loss ≥80 mL as measured by the alkaline hematin method over the first 8 days of menses, ≥1 discrete uterine fibroid of any size and location observable by transvaginal ultrasound, follicle-stimulating hormone ≤20 mIU/mL, and uterine volume ≤20 weeks by exam.

2016 May 9, “Allergan and Richter Announce Positive Phase III Results for Ulipristal Acetate 5 and 10 mg in the Treatment of Uterine Fibroids”, in PR Newswire:


plasmodiocarp

(mycology) A fruiting body of certain myxomycetes


receptosome

(biology) A cytoplasmic vesicle formed when a clathrin coating is removed


verticillate

en-adj

verticillate (comparative more verticillate, superlative most verticillate)

more verticillate (comparative)
most verticillate (superlative)


recombineering

(genetics) A technique, modelled on natural homologous recombination, used to systematically modify DNA


recombinogenic

(genetics) Giving rise to recombinant DNA


renaturation

(biochemistry) The reconstruction of the original form of a protein or nucleic acid following denaturation


renature

en-verb

renature (third-person singular simple present renatures, present participle renaturing, simple past and past participle renatured)

renatures (present singular third-person)
renaturing (participle present)
renatured (participle past)
renatured (past)

From re- + nature, coined as an opposite to denature.

(biochemistry) To reconstruct the original form of a protein or nucleic acid following denaturation


repalmitoylated

(biochemistry) palmitoylated again, following deacylation


repressilator

Escherichia coli
Escherichia coli#Translingual

green fluorescent protein
green fluorescent protein

(biochemistry) An artificial system, genetically implemented using Escherichia coli and green fluorescent protein, that exhibits stable oscillation.


rhynchocephalian

(zoology) Any of a group of reptiles of the order Rhynchocephalia; a tuatara.


ribonucleoside

(biochemistry) Any nucleoside component of RNA.


riboprobe

(genetics) A segment of RNA that is used to probe for a complementary sequence of nucleotides in a DNA or mRNA.


rottlerin

(biochemistry) A protein kinase inhibitor derived from the kamala tree (Mallotus philippinensis, syn. Rottlera tinctoria).


scaRNA

small Cajal body-specific RNA
w:small Cajal body-specific RNA

(genetics) Abbreviation of small Cajal body-specific RNA.


ombrotrophy

(biology) The state or condition of receiving water and nutrients only from precipitation rather than streams or springs.


porcate

en-adj

porcate (comparative more porcate, superlative most porcate)

more porcate (comparative)
most porcate (superlative)

Latin porca (“a ridge between two furrows”).

(zoology) Having grooves or furrows broader than the intervening ridges; furrowed.


malpighiaceous

malpighiaceous (comparative more malpighiaceous, superlative most malpighiaceous)

more malpighiaceous (comparative)
most malpighiaceous (superlative)

(botany) Of, relating to, or similar to the plants in the Malpighiaceae family.


beta-lactamase

beta-lactamases (plural)
β-lactamase (alternative)
betalactamase (alternative)

(biochemistry) An enzyme produced by certain bacteria, responsible for their resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics such as penicillin.


sclerochronology

en-noun

sclerochronology (countable and uncountable, plural sclerochronologies)

(biology) The study of physical and chemical variations in the accretionary hard tissues of organisms, and the temporal context in which they are formed.


selenomethionine

selenomethionine (countable and uncountable, plural selenomethionines)

(biochemistry) An amino acid related to methionine by the replacement of its sulfur atom by one of selenium


siRNA

siRNA (countable and uncountable, plural siRNAs)

small interfering RNA
small interfering RNA

short interfering RNA
short interfering RNA

(genetics) small interfering RNA (or short interfering RNA or silencing RNA)


spheroplast

The localization of overexpressed TTHA1718 was then analysed by measuring 2D 1 H– 15 N HSQC spectra of spheroplasts and periplasmic extract, which were fractionated from TTHA1718-expressing 15 N-labelled cells by lysozyme-EDTA treatment using the conditions described previously 35 .

2009 March 5, Daisuke Sakakibara et al., “Protein structure determination in living cells by in-cell NMR spectroscopy”, in Nature, volume 458, number 7234, →DOI:

(cytology) A cell from which the cell wall has been removed


erythrocytosis

erythrocytosis (countable and uncountable, plural erythrocytoses)

(biology, medicine) Synonym of polycythemia.


amyloglucosidase

(biochemistry) A form of amylase used industrially to produce sugars from starches

amiloglucosidasi

a form of amylase used industrially to produce sugars from starches


carbonic anhydrase

carbonic anhydrase (plural carbonic anhydrases)

(biochemistry) Any of a group of enzymes that catalyze the conversion of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate


chymotrypsinogen

(biochemistry) An inactive precursor to chymotrypsin


amino-terminal

(biochemistry) Describing the amino acid, at one end of a polypeptide or protein, that has a free amino group

aminoterminal

of an amino acid, having a free amino group


amyloidogenesis

(biochemistry) The production of amyloid


annepressin

/ˌænəˈpɹɛsɪn/

(biochemistry) A homologous form of oxytocin/vasopressin found in segmented worms


annetocin

/ˈænəˌtəʊsɪn/

(biochemistry) A homologous form of oxytocin/vasopressin found in segmented worms.


chromaffin

(cytology) Having an affinity for (and thus being stained brownish yellow) by chromium salts.


congophilic

en-adj

congophilic (comparative more congophilic, superlative most congophilic)

more congophilic (comparative)
most congophilic (superlative)

(cytology) Describing tissue that is readily stained by Congo red.


exome

Because of her significant testing, Avery had had DNA sequencing of her “exome,” the part of her genome that makes proteins in the body, said Dr. Michael Wangler, a researcher at the Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children’s Hospital.

2017 December 18, Ashley Strickland, “Mystery condition gives way to bright future for 10-year-old”, in CNN:

(genetics) The complete exon content of an organism or individual; the subset of the genome that excludes introns.


pleid

(entomology) Any member of the family Pleidae, the pygmy backswimmers


cyclosome

anaphase-promoting complex
anaphase-promoting complex


anaphase-promoting complex

en-noun

anaphase-promoting complex (plural anaphase-promoting complexes)

(biochemistry) A complex of several proteins which is activated during mitosis to initiate the anaphase

complexo promotor de anáfase

protein complex activated during mitosis to initiate anaphase


incretin

islets of Langerhans
islets of Langerhans

(biochemistry) A gastrointestinal hormone causing an increase in the amount of insulin released from the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans after eating, even before blood glucose levels become elevated.


myristoylation

(biochemistry) The attachment of a myristoyl group to a protein or polypeptide


pinin

pinin (countable and uncountable, plural pinins)

(biochemistry) A protein associated with desmosome


pluteus

(zoology) The free-swimming larvae of echinoderms.


proembryo

(botany) A cluster of cells in the ovule of a fertilized flowering plant that has not yet formed into an embryo


protonema

(botany) A filament of cells that forms following the germination of the spores of mosses and liverworts


prometaphase

(biology) The stage between prophase and metaphase in mitosis


episperm

(archaic, botany) The seed coat (outer, protective layer of the seed of a flowering plant).

episperma

the outer, protective layer of the seed of a flowering plant


hexokinase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyses the phosphorylation of a hexose


phosphofructokinase

(biochemistry) Any of a group of kinase enzymes that convert fructose phosphates to biphosphates


glucanase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that breaks down a glucan


glucoamylase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that hydrolyzes the glucoside bond in starches and dextrins


glucosidase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that hydrolyses glucosides


securin

(biochemistry) A protein involved in anaphase triggering.


spiralian

(zoology) Any animal belonging to the superphylum Spiralia, known for their spiral cleavage pattern.


stargazin

From stargaze + -in, since modifications of the protein caused mice to gaze upward in experiments.

(biochemistry) A brain-specific transmembrane protein associated with a form of epilepsy


steptavidin

(biochemistry) A protein, having a structure containing four cavities, that has a high affinity for biotin


stomatin

stomatin (countable and uncountable, plural stomatins)

(biochemistry) An erythrocyte membrane protein.


stomium

(botany) The region of a sporangium where dehiscence takes place


subadult

en-adj

subadult (comparative more subadult, superlative most subadult)

more subadult (comparative)
most subadult (superlative)
sub-adult (alternative)

(entomology) Final instar before reaching sexual maturity.


ligninase

(biochemistry) Any of various enzymes that break down lignin


pectinase

(biochemistry) Any protease that break down pectin.


xylanase

(biochemistry) Any of various enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of xylan


orotidine

(biochemistry) A nucleoside formed by reaction of orotic acid with ribose


tetrahydrofolate

tetrahydrofolic acid
tetrahydrofolic acid#English

(biochemistry) The conjugate base of, or any salt or ester of, tetrahydrofolic acid; it is a coenzyme, formed by reduction of folic acid, involved in the biosynthesis of purines.


subgenome

(genetics) A subset of a genome, especially one that has a specific function


subgenomic

(genetics) Of or pertaining to a subgenome or to subgenomics


subpallium

The pallium (and especially the archipallium) are more sensitive to the absence of olfactory morphogenetic influences than the subpallium.

1976, P. Clairambault, “33: Development of the Prosencephalon”, in R. Llinás, W. Precht, editors, Frog Neurobiology, Springer, page 941:

2017, C. Watson, A. Mitchelle, L. Puelles, 2.02: A New Mammalian Brain Ontology Based on Developmental Gene Expression, Georg F. Striedter (volume editor), Jon H. Kaas (editor-in-chief), Evolution of Nervous Systems, Volume 1, 2nd Edition, Elsevier (Academic Press), page 60,
The pallium is initially separated from the subpallium on account of its differential molecular identity, which causes pallial neurons to the glutamatergic as a rule, whereas subpallial neurons are GABAergic in various peptidergic flavors, depending on the precise origins (Stühmer et al.,2002).

Channeling of TCAs^([thalamocortical axons]) into the subpallium also relies on early axonal projections between the prethalamus and the subpallium (Feng et al., 2016).

2020, Franck Bielle, Sonia Garel, “20: Neuronal migration of guidepost cells”, in Bin Chen, Kenneth Y. Kwan, editors, Cellular Migration and Formation of Axons and Dendrites, 2nd edition, Elsevier (Academic Press), page 445:

(anatomy, neuroanatomy, biology, neurobiology) A layer of the cerebrum below the pallium.


betulin

en-noun

betulin (countable and uncountable, plural betulins)

(biochemistry) A naturally-abundant triterpene, commonly isolated from the bark of birch trees, that can be converted to betulinic acid


brassinolide

(biochemistry) A brassinosteroid that promotes cell elongation and division.


subtelomere

(genetics) A section of a chromosome immediately adjacent to a telomere


succinylacetone

(biochemistry) A metabolite that occurs in the blood of people with tyrosinaemia


superprecocial

en-adj

superprecocial (comparative more superprecocial, superlative most superprecocial)

more superprecocial (comparative)
most superprecocial (superlative)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-superprecocial.wav

(zoology) Very precocial; hatched in a highly developed state.


precocial

From Latin praecŏcĭa (“places where fruits ripen early”).

uder

Being precocial, shorebird chicks leave the nest soon after hatching to forage by themselves, but, as they are not yet homeothermic, they lose body heat while foraging and must be rewarmed by their parents at regular intervals.

2012, Karen L Krijgsveld, Behavioural and physiological adaptations of precocial chicks to arctic environments:

(zoology, of birds) Hatched from the egg already covered in down and with eyes open; capable of leaving the nest within a few days.


sylvatic

From Latin sylvāticus. See sylvan. Doublet of savage.

Because arthropod-borne viruses, or arboviruses, can be spread by competent mosquito vectors across great distances, they pose substantial risk to other regions in which the disease is currently nonendemic. Zoonotic arboviruses circulate in sylvatic and peridomestic cycles involving wild animals and nearby humans. Often these arboviruses remain undetected by health care systems. Kenya has had multiple arbovirus outbreaks in the past 2 decades resulting in economic and public health distress, including yellow fever, chikungunya fever, and Rift Valley fever.

2011 Desiree LaBeaud et al: Arbovirus Prevalence in Mosquitoes, Kenya. Journal: Emerging Infectious Diseases - Volume 17, Issues 1-6 - Page 233

(ecology) Of or pertaining to woods or woodland organisms; sylvan


synaptonemal

From synapto- (“(cytology) synapsis”) + Ancient Greek νῆμα (nêma, “thread”) + -al.

af

(biochemistry) Describing a protein complex that forms during meiosis.


syncytin

(biochemistry) Any of a class of captive retroviral envelope proteins involved in human placental morphogenesis


syntelic

(genetics) Describing a chromosome orientation in which both sister kinetochores are attached to the same spindle


epimerase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the stereochemical inversion of the configuration about an asymmetric carbon atom in a substrate having more than one center of asymmetry.


karyogram

(genetics) A graphical representation of a karyotype.

cariogramma

a graphical representation of a karyotype


anticholesterol

(biochemistry) A naturally occurring antibody to cholesterol produced by mammals.


tetraribonucleotide

(biochemistry) Any oligoribonucleotide containing four ribonucleotide units


chromonema

(genetics) The central coiled filament of a chromatid upon which the chromomeres lie


chromomere

The nucleus contains the following more or less distinct parts: chromioles, chromomeres, chromosomes, chromoplasts, linoplasts, linin, chromoplasm, endochromatic granules, and parachromatic granules.

1900 January 7, Gustav Eisen, “A Preliminary Account of the Spermatogenesis of Batrachoseps attenuatus, Polymorphous spermatogonia, Auxocytes and Spermatocytes”, in Biological Bulletin, volume 1, number 2:

(genetics) Any of a group of beadlike granules of chromatin that constitutes a chromosome during cell division.

kulayputol

any of a group of beadlike granules of chromatin that constitutes a chromosome during cell division


tetratricopeptide

(biochemistry) A repeating sequence of thirty-four amino acids in a protein


thapsigargin

en-noun

thapsigargin (usually uncountable, plural thapsigargins)

(biochemistry) A sesquiterpene lactone that is an inhibitor of a certain class of enzymes.


coronin

(biochemistry) An actin binding protein which also interacts with microtubules


thicketization

(ecology) An increase in the numbers of woody plants in a savanna or similar environment.


parasporal body

parasporal body (plural parasporal bodies)

(biology) A crystalline structure, within the core of an endospore, containing endotoxins that act as pesticides.


Mendelian

(genetics) Of or relating to Gregor Mendel or his theories of genetics

mendélien

of or relating to Gregor Mendel or his theories of genetics


minisatellite

(genetics) A short series of bases that reoccurs many times in a genome


kisspeptin

kisspeptin (countable and uncountable, plural kisspeptins)

Named after the gene KISS1, itself named after the confectionery Hershey's Kisses because it was discovered in Hershey, Pennsylvania.

(biochemistry) A protein-coupled ligand that plays a role in puberty


nulliploidy

(genetics) The condition of being nulliploid


nulliploid

(genetics) Describing a cell that has no chromosomes


autoploidy

(genetics) The condition of being autoploid


autoploid

(genetics) Describing a cell (or individual) that has multiple copies of a set of haploid chromosomes from a single parent


semiconservative

(genetics) Describing the process of DNA replication in which the two strands of the molecule separate, each acting as a template for the formation of a complementary new strand.


silibinin

(biochemistry) The major active constituent of silymarin, believed to possess hepatoprotective properties.


silymarin

silymarin (countable and uncountable, plural silymarins)

Silybum marianum
Silybum marianum#Translingual

(biochemistry) A mixture of flavonolignans extracted from the blessed milk thistle (Silybum marianum), used as a source of silibinin.


transchromosomal

(genetics) Describing a cell or individual having one or more chromosomes (or fragments) transferred from a different species.


transcriptosome

(genetics) A holocomplex of proteins involved in the transcription of nucleic acid


transglutaminase

(biochemistry) Any of a family of enzymes that catalyze the reaction of lysine and glutamine groups in proteins and have a function in blood coagulation.


translocational

(genetics) Of or pertaining to translocation.


transpeptidation

(biochemistry) The transfer of one or more amino acids between peptides.


treadmilling

(biology) The apparent locomotion of certain cellular filaments by adding protein subunits at one end, and removing them at the other.


anergized

en-adj

anergized (comparative more anergized, superlative most anergized)

more anergized (comparative)
most anergized (superlative)

(biology, of a cell) functionally incapacitated


apurinic

apurinic (comparative more apurinic, superlative most apurinic)

more apurinic (comparative)
most apurinic (superlative)

(biochemistry) From which purines have been removed.


apyrimidinic

(biochemistry) From which pyrimidine bases have been removed.

apirimidínico

from which pyrimidine bases have been removed


asialoglycoprotein

(biochemistry) Any glycoprotein from which the sialic acid residues have been removed

asialoglicoproteína

any glycoprotein from which the sialic acid residues have been removed


autocleavage

(biochemistry) cleavage without the use of enzymes


autoprocessing

(biochemistry) enzymatic activity on the enzyme molecule itself


autoubiquitination

(biochemistry) Self-ubiquitination by a ubiquitinating enzyme, usually an E3 or E4 ubiquitin ligase. This activity can be direct, as in monoubiquitin of a lysine residue on the E3 or E4 itself, or indirect, through addition of ubiquitin to an existing polyubiquitin chain that is attached to the E3 or E4.


cFLIP

(biochemistry) Abbreviation of caspase FLICE-like inhibitory protein.


calnexin

en-noun

calnexin (countable and uncountable, plural calnexins)

endoplasmic reticulum
endoplasmic reticulum

(biochemistry) A chaperone protein of the endoplasmic reticulum.


calreticulin

calreticulin (countable and uncountable, plural calreticulins)

(biochemistry) A multifunctional protein that binds calcium ions.


caltractin

(biochemistry) A calcium-binding protein found in Chlamydomonas


centrin

centrin (usually uncountable, plural centrins)


cullin

(biochemistry) Any of a family of proteins that have a role in protein degradation and ubiquitinylation


cylindromatosis

(biochemistry) A cytoplasmic protein that functions as a deubiquitinating enzyme


deSUMOylation

(biochemistry) The removal of SUMO proteins from other proteins following function modification


demannosylation

(biochemistry) The removal of mannose from a glycoprotein


desulfurase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the removal of sulfur (or the elements of hydrogen sulfide) from a molecule


diglycine

(biochemistry) The dipeptide formed from two glycine amino acids; such a motif in a protein


dynamin

dynamin (countable and uncountable, plural dynamins)

(biochemistry) A hydrolase responsible for endocytosis in eukaryotic cells


erasin

(biochemistry) A ubiquitin-containing protein that is involved in the degradation of the proteins of the endoplasmic reticulum


extragenomic

Plasmids are small circles of extragenomic DNA that exists and replicates independently from the bacterial chromosome.

(genetics) Describing any inherited genetic information that is not part of an organism's genome


gilia

(botany) Any of the genus Gilia of polemoniaceous flowering plants.


glycanase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of a glycan


intein

(biochemistry) A segment of a protein, analogous to an intron, that is able to excise itself, the gap being closed with a peptide bond


isopeptidase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the cleavage of an isopeptide bond, especially that between the terminal diglycine attached to ubiquitin


mannosidase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of mannose glycosides.


mannosylation

mannosylation (countable and uncountable, plural mannosylations)

(biochemistry) The formation of a mannose glycoside, especially one of a protein or lipid.


mannosyltransferase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a mannose group between molecules


microcin

(biochemistry) A very small bacteriocin.


bacteriocin

(biochemistry) Any of a class of antibiotic toxins, produced by some bacteria, that target closely related bacteria


midbody

(biology) A transient microtubular granule formed during telophase


misregulation

misregulation (countable and uncountable, plural misregulations)

(biochemistry) Faulty regulation (of gene expression)


molybdopterin

(biochemistry) Any of a class of cofactors to several enzymes containing a pyranopterin coordinated to molybdenum


pyranopterin

(biochemistry) Any of several enzymatic cofactors containing a pterin coordinated to a metal ion via sulfur atoms


monoglucosylated

(biochemistry) glucosylated with a single glucose moiety


glucosylated

en-adj

glucosylated (comparative more glucosylated, superlative most glucosylated)

more glucosylated (comparative)
most glucosylated (superlative)

(biochemistry) glycosylated with glucose moieties


monoubiquitin

(biochemistry) A single ubiquitin moiety, especially when attached to a protein via monoubiquitination


monoubiquitinate

en-verb

monoubiquitinate (third-person singular simple present monoubiquitinates, present participle monoubiquitinating, simple past and past participle monoubiquitinated)

monoubiquitinates (present singular third-person)
monoubiquitinating (participle present)
monoubiquitinated (participle past)
monoubiquitinated (past)

(biochemistry) To cause, or to undergo monoubiquitination


multicisternal

en-adj

multicisternal (comparative more multicisternal, superlative most multicisternal)

more multicisternal (comparative)
most multicisternal (superlative)

(biology) Having (or affecting) multiple cisternae


multilamellar

multilamellar (comparative more multilamellar, superlative most multilamellar)

more multilamellar (comparative)
most multilamellar (superlative)

(biology) Having (or affecting) multiple lamellae


multiubiquitination

(biochemistry) ubiquitination with multiple ubiquitin molecules


nonlysine

(biochemistry) Used attributively to describe any amino acid other than lysine, especially when linked to ubiquitin


oligosaccharyltransferase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of an oligosaccharide


oligoubiquitin

(biochemistry) A small number of linked ubiquitin molecules, especially when formed by oligoubiquitination


oligoubiquitination

(biochemistry) Repeated ubiquitination to add a small number of ubiquitin molecules


phosphomimetic

(biochemistry) Any agent that mimics biological phosphorylation


scotophase

(biology) The dark phase in a cycle of light and darkness, especially artificially induced.


polySUMOylation

(biochemistry) The existence, or the generation, of polySUMO chains.


polyubiquitinate

en-verb

polyubiquitinate (third-person singular simple present polyubiquitinates, present participle polyubiquitinating, simple past and past participle polyubiquitinated)

polyubiquitinates (present singular third-person)
polyubiquitinating (participle present)
polyubiquitinated (participle past)
polyubiquitinated (past)

(biochemistry) To cause, or to undergo polyubiquitination


procaspase

(biochemistry) Any of a family of proteins that are the precursors of caspase


pupylation

(biochemistry) The conjugation of the PUP protein to the amino groups of lysine amino acids in target proteins


recombinational

(genetics) Of or pertaining to genetic recombination.


reglucosylate

reglucosylate (third-person singular simple present reglucosylates, present participle reglucosylating, simple past and past participle reglucosylated)

reglucosylates (present singular third-person)
reglucosylating (participle present)
reglucosylated (participle past)
reglucosylated (past)

(biochemistry) To cause, or to undergo reglucosylation


reglucosylation

(biochemistry) The reintroduction of a glucose moiety into a molecule


retrotranslocation

en-noun

retrotranslocation (countable and uncountable, plural retrotranslocations)

(biochemistry) The reverse process of translocation.


rhodanese

(biochemistry) A mitochondrial enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of cyanide to thiocyanate. Probably from ῥόδον (ródon), meaning rose, in reference to rhodanic acid which has a red colour with ferric salts.


roquin

(genetics) A gene, mutation of which leads to the symptoms of lupus


signalosome

(biochemistry) Any of a group of proteins, complexes of which are involved in the regulation of protein degradation.


sulfurtransferase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of sulfur-containing groups between molecules


superkingdom

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-superkingdom.wav


thioquinolobactin

(biochemistry) An antifungal siderophore obtained from Pseudomonas fluorescens


trimethylguanosine

(biochemistry) Any trimethyl derivative of guanosine, but especially 2,2,7-trimethylguanosine which inhibits crosslinking of nucleic acids


tripeptidyl

(biochemistry, especially in combination) Any univalent radical derived from a tripeptide.


trochoblast

(biology) Any cell that has cilia borne on a trochophore.


trypanin

(biochemistry) A protein found in the cytoskeleton of eukaryotic cells


tuberin

(biochemistry) A protein found in potatoes

(biochemistry) The tuberous sclerosis protein (known as TSC2)


urediniospore

(botany) A spore produced by a uredinium


uredinium

(botany) A pustule that occurs on the leaves and stems of a plant infected with rust fungus.


vibratome

(cytology) A vibrating microtome used to section soft tissue without freezing


vimentin

From Latin vīmentum (“osier, withy”) + -in (“protein”).

af

(biochemistry) Any of a group of polypeptides that polymerize to form filaments in the cytoskeleton.

vimentine

any of a group of polypeptides that polymerize to form filaments in the cytoskeleton


unipotent

(biology) Having the capacity to develop into only one type of cell or tissue.


gesneriad

(botany) Any of the family Gesneriaceae of tropical and subtropical flowering plants, valued as ornamentals.


zonation

en-noun

zonation (countable and uncountable, plural zonations)

Cystopus bliti
Cystopus bliti#Translingual

(biology) The formation of a hollow sphere by the nucleus in metaphase, with a film of granulated protoplasm that marks the boundary of the compound oosphere in Cystopus bliti.


mycoprotein

mycoprotein (countable and uncountable, plural mycoproteins)

(biology, obsolete) A gelatinous albuminoid resembling protoplasm, of which the putrefactive bacteria are composed.


leucocidin

leucocidins (plural)
leukocidin (alternative)

(biology) Any staphylococcal or streptococcal exotoxin that causes leucocyte killing or lysis.


triulose

(biochemistry) dihydroxyacetone considered as a ketotriose


pentosan

Thanks to its pentosans, rye flour absorbs eight times its weight in water, while wheat flour absorbs two. Unlike starch, the pentosans don't retrograde and harden after being cooked and cooled. So they provide a soft, moist texture that helps gives rye breads a shelf life of weeks.

2004, Harold McGee, chapter 9, in On Food and Cooking: The Science and Lore of the Kitchen, Scribner, →ISBN:

(biochemistry) Any polysaccharide composed of pentoses.


hexosan

(biochemistry) Any polysaccharide composed of hexoses.


fucoidan

(biochemistry) A sulfated polysaccharide found in several seaweeds

fukoidano

a sulfated polysaccharide found in several seaweeds


galactomannan

(biochemistry) Any of a class of polysaccharides, found in many gums, having a backbone composed of mannose with galactose sidechains.

galactomannane

any of a class of polysaccharides, found in many gums


glucide

glucide (countable and uncountable, plural glucides)


strobilation

strobilation (countable and uncountable, plural strobilations)

(biology) A form of asexual reproduction by division into body segments, as in tapeworms and jellyfish


ungula

Borrowed from Latin ungula (“claw, hoof”), from unguis (“nail, claw, hoof”).


renaturalization

renaturalizations (plural)
renaturalisation (alternative)

From this point of view, this research discusses the integration of damaged riverine systems into socio-economic and ecological systems in urban areas through renaturalization processes with a focus on providing mutual benefits for both nature and mankind and supporting sustainability and integrity of each system.

2017, Meltem Delibas, Azime Tezer, “'Stream Daylighting' as an approach for the renaturalization of riverine systems in urban areas: Istanbul-Ayamama Stream case”, in Ecohydrology & Hydrobiology, volume 17, number 1, →DOI, →ISSN:

(ecology) The act of restoring the natural environment in an area.

renaturation

(ecology) the act of restoring the natural environment in an area


flippase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme located in the membrane responsible for aiding the movement of phospholipid molecules between the two leaflets that compose a cell's membrane (transverse diffusion).


anthracothere

From scientific Latin Anthracotherium (genus name; see Anthracotherium § Etymology). By surface analysis, anthraco- + -there from Ancient Greek θηρίον (thēríon, “beast”).

One mysterious anthracocthere known as Diplopus […] entered Europe just before la grande coupure, presumably by swimming the Turgai Strait.

2018, Tim Flannery, Europe: The First 100 Million Years, Penguin, published 2019, page 86:

(paleontology) Any of several artiodactyl ungulates, of the extinct family Anthracotheriidae, related to the hippopotamus.

antracotério

any of several artiodactyl ungulates of the extinct family Anthracotheriidae


automixis

(biology) A form of parthenogenesis in which two haploid gametes from the same meiosis combine


autophosphorylated

en-adj

autophosphorylated (comparative more autophosphorylated, superlative most autophosphorylated)

more autophosphorylated (comparative)
most autophosphorylated (superlative)

(biochemistry) phosphorylated as a result of autophosphorylation


binucleation

en-noun

binucleation (countable and uncountable, plural binucleations)

(cytology) The division of a nucleus without division of the cell's cytoplasm.


biochronology

biochronology (countable and uncountable, plural biochronologies)

(geology, biology) The dating of rocks by analysis of their fossil content


biolistics

(genetics) The introduction of DNA into a plant or animal cell by coating it onto the surface of a pellet and firing it into the tissue at high velocity.


cetartiodactyl

Cetartiodactyls are by far the most populous of the two ungulate groups today, but it wasn’t always so.

2018 March 7, Elsa Panciroli, The Guardian:

(zoology) Any of a large group of animals, of the clade Cetartiodactyla, including the whales and even-toed ungulates.


phytocyanin

(biochemistry) Any of a family of blue, copper-containing proteins present in many plants


chromoprotein

(biochemistry) Any protein, such as haemoglobin, that has a metal-containing pigmented group such as haem.


concatamer

(biochemistry) Alternative form of concatemer.


coregulator

(biochemistry) Any of two or more compounds that jointly regulate a biological process.


dafachronic acid

dafachronic acid (plural dafachronic acids)

(biochemistry) Any of a family of steroid acids derived from sterols by oxidation with a cytochrome


deoxycholic

(biochemistry) Of or pertaining to deoxycholic acid or its derivatives


deoxymyoglobin

(biochemistry) The form of myoglobin that is not complexed with an oxygen molecule


supraorganism

(biology, ecology) A system of multiple organisms that may be considered a single organism, such as an insect colony, or an organism with endosymbionts.


dystroglycan

dystroglycan (countable and uncountable, plural dystroglycans)

(biochemistry) A glycoprotein associated with dystrophin.


ejectile

en-adj

ejectile (comparative more ejectile, superlative most ejectile)

more ejectile (comparative)
most ejectile (superlative)

(biology) That serves to eject, or that is ejected


enterokinase

(biochemistry) An enzyme, secreted by the upper intestinal mucosa, that catalyzes the activation of trypsinogen by converting it to trypsin


trypsinogen

(biochemistry) An inactive precursor of trypsin


epiallele

(genetics) A specific DNA methylation pattern of a genetic locus.


extrapair

But in a few instances, females were observed in extrapair copulations, after which they'd take a rock or two back to their own nest and the male wouldn't attack.

(biology) Occurring outside of a stable pairing.


flopless

(biochemistry) Describing the asymmetric behaviour of a flippase in moving a phospholipid in one direction only.


flotillin

(biochemistry) Any of a group of proteins responsible for creating ordered platforms (or rafts) of lipids.


glycophosphatidylinositol

(biochemistry) Any glycolipid consisting of phosphatidylinositol attached to a sugar


hemiascomycete

(mycology) Any yeast or similar fungus of the former class Hemiascomycetes (now Saccharomycetes)


hexahistidine

(biochemistry) An oligopeptide consisting of six molecules of histidine


GIP

gastric inhibitory polypeptide
w:gastric inhibitory polypeptide

(biochemistry) Initialism of gastric inhibitory polypeptide, an inhibiting hormone.

(biochemistry) Initialism of glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide, a digestive hormone.


lyticase

(biochemistry) A complex of endoglucanase and protease catalyzes yeast cell lysis


endoglucanase

(biochemistry) Any glucanase/cellulase that is active within the organism that produced it.


macerozyme

(biochemistry) An enzyme used experimentally to digest cell walls prior to organelle isolation.


macroaperture

-æpə(ɹ)tʃʊə(ɹ)

(biology) A transient hole in endothelial cell walls


membranolytic

membranolytic (comparative more membranolytic, superlative most membranolytic)

more membranolytic (comparative)
most membranolytic (superlative)

(biology) That disrupts a biological membrane; relating to membranolysis


microcell

(biology) A simple cell consisting of a nucleus and protoplasm within a membrane


miniclade

miniclades (plural)
mini-clade (alternative)


nektobenthic

(biology) Of organisms: swimming near the bottom of a sea or lake.


neuroglobin

(biochemistry) Any of a class of vertebrate globins involved in cellular oxygen homeostasis


nitrosocysteine

(biochemistry) A nitroso derivative of cysteine, derived from the endothelium that acts as a vasorelaxant


nonangiosperm

nonangiosperms (plural)
non-angiosperm (alternative)

(biology) Any organism that is not an angiosperm


noncactus

(biology) Not of or pertaining to cactus.


noncardiomyocyte

noncardiomyocytes (plural)
non-cardiomyocyte (alternative)

(biology) Any myocyte that is not a cardiomyocyte.


nonmyocyte

nonmyocytes (plural)
non-myocyte (alternative)

(biology) Any cell that is not a myocyte.


nonproton

nonprotons (plural)
non-proton (alternative)

(biology) Any particle that is not a proton


nonsibling

nonsiblings (plural)
non-sibling (alternative)

(biology) Any individual that is not a sibling


nontwin

nontwins (plural)
non-twin (alternative)

(biology) Any individual who is not a twin


nymphoid

(botany) Any plant of the genus Nymphoides.


oligodeoxyribonucleotide

(biochemistry) Any oligonucleotide composed of deoxyribose monomers.


optogenetics

(2006) Coined from optics and genetics by Karl Deisseroth and Mark J. Schnitzer in a review paper (K. Deisseroth, G. Feng, A. K. Majewska, G. Miesenböck, A. Ting, M. J. Schnitzer, Next-Generation Optical Technologies for Illuminating Genetically Targeted Brain Circuits, Journal of Neuroscience, vol. 26, no. 41 (October 2006), pp. 10380–6).

It is the exquisite precision that can be achieved, without any destruction, that renders optogenetics such a powerful tool.

2021 July, Anthony David, “Knowing Me Knowing You”, in The Literary Review:

(genetics) A science that combines optics and genetics, aiming at controlling cellular processes with light. The cells are made responsive to light using genetics and then activated using specific wavelengths.


organlike

organlike (comparative more organlike, superlative most organlike)

more organlike (comparative)
most organlike (superlative)

(biology) Having characteristics of an organ.


organotypic

(biology) Describing tissue, removed from an organ, that continues to develop as it would in that organ


pectolyase

(biochemistry) Any of a class of enzymes that degrade pectin


marantaceous

Borrowed from translingual Marantaceae [Term?] + ous.

(botany, relational) Of or relating to the family Marantaceae of flowering plants.


polyphenism

en-noun

polyphenism (countable and uncountable, plural polyphenisms)

The focus of attention here is given to seasonal polyphenisms in adults which are closely linked to consistent switches in climate.

1993, Roger L. H. Dennis, Butterflies and Climate Change, page 127:

(genetics) The development of multiple, discrete phenotypes from a single genotype by organisms living in different environmental conditions.


polythymidine

(genetics) A sequence of multiple thymidine nucleosides found in the intron


preflower

(botany) A growth in the internode of a plant that develops into a flower


RNA splicing

(genetics) A process in which the exons of a primary gene transcript, the pre-mRNA, are separated and reconnected so as to produce alternative ribonucleotide arrangements in the final mRNA


proteostasis

(biochemistry) eukaryotic protein homeostasis


remethylation

(biochemistry) methylation subsequent to demethylation


selfed

(botany) Produced by vegetative propagation


selfing

(botany) A plant produced by vegetative propagation.


sialoadhesin

sialoadhesin (countable and uncountable, plural sialoadhesins)

(biochemistry) Any of a class of lectin on the surface of macrophages


subequal

The Nova Scotian Giantess.—A correspondent had the opportunity of inspecting this remarkably large female [Anna Swan] during the exhibition at the Egyptian Hall, and forwards the following notes:— […] The hand is spatulous; the fingers short and subequal in length.

1869 April, “Anthropological News”, in The Anthropological Review, volume VII, number XXV, London: Asher & Co., […], →OCLC, page 215:


synergid

(botany) Either of two naked nucleated cells at the top of the embryo sac that cooperate with the oosphere in the production of the embryo.


oosphere

oospheres (plural)
oösphere (alternative)

PIE word
 *h₂ōwyóm
From oo- (prefix denoting something relating to eggs or ova) + sphere, modelled after French oosphère.

affix

(botany, mycology) A large nonmotile egg cell, especially of an alga or fungus, formed in an oogonium and ready for fertilization.

oosfera

large nonmotile egg cell formed in an oogonium


syntroph

(biology) An individual related to another by syntrophy


vacuolin

(biochemistry) Any of several small proteins that bind to cytoplasmic surfaces


notum

(zoology) The back; the dorsal side of the thorax in insects or nudibranches.


catabolized

en-adj

catabolized (comparative more catabolized, superlative most catabolized)

more catabolized (comparative)
most catabolized (superlative)


glutaminase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of glutamine to glutamic acid and ammonia


glutaminolysis

(biochemistry) The metabolism of glutamine to yield a variety of products


piggyBac

piggyback + an abbreviated form of baculovirus (?)

(genetics) A transposon used in genetic engineering


pyrophosphohydrolase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of pyrophosphate


Barbary lion

Barbary lions had been believed extinct in the wild since the mid-twentieth century, survived only by a few odds and bods of DNA carried in captive individuals descended from Haile Selassie's private collection.

Panthera leo leo
Panthera leo leo#Translingual

(zoology) Any of the North African population, now extinct in the wild, of the lion subspecies Panthera leo leo.


citrulline

(biochemistry) An amino acid, first isolated from watermelons, that is an intermediate in the urea cycle.


karyon

From the Ancient Greek κάρυον (káruon, “nut, kernel”).


pro-protein

posttranslational modification
posttranslational modification

(biochemistry) Any inactive protein that can be activated by posttranslational modification


pro-peptide

(biochemistry) Any inactive peptide that can be activated by posttranslational modification


acetylspermidine

en-noun

acetylspermidine (countable and uncountable, plural acetylspermidines)

(biochemistry) An acetyl derivative of spermidine


acetylspermine

(biochemistry) An acetyl derivative of spermine


polyamine oxidase

polyamine oxidase (plural polyamine oxidases)

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of a polyamine, but especially of acetylspermine to acetylspermidine and aminopropanal


marcot

en-verb

marcot (third-person singular simple present marcots, present participle marcotting or marcoting, simple past and past participle marcotted or marcoted)

marcots (present singular third-person)
marcotting (participle present)
marcoting (participle present)
marcotted (participle past)
marcotted (past)
marcoted (participle past)
marcoted (past)

(botany, transitive) To propagate by marcottage.


marcottage

en-noun

marcottage (countable and uncountable, plural marcottages)

(botany) A process of plant propagation where soil is tied onto a branch stripped of a ring of bark.

Cutting of the marcottage is done about 3 months later when the roots are fully developed as can be seen through the plastic covering.

1990, Jesse D. Dagoon, Crop Production Technology:

(botany) marcot (new branch formed by marcottage)


consummatory

en-adj

consummatory (comparative more consummatory, superlative most consummatory)

more consummatory (comparative)
most consummatory (superlative)

(biology) Describing any behaviour that has survival value.


Lusitanian

Lusitanian (comparative more Lusitanian, superlative most Lusitanian)

more Lusitanian (comparative)
most Lusitanian (superlative)

(biogeography) Having a range restricted to Iberia and Ireland.


paedophagy

From paedo- (“youth; young”) + -phagy, from Ancient Greek φάγος (phágos).

(zoology, of animals) The act of feeding off larvae or eggs.


respiratory syncytial virus

en-noun

respiratory syncytial virus (countable and uncountable, plural respiratory syncytial viruses)

The vaccine would be the first to protect babies from respiratory syncytial virus, or R.S.V., which is the reason many infants are admitted to children’s hospitals each year and kills several hundred under 5 each year.

2023 May 18, Christina Jewett, “F.D.A. Panel Recommends R.S.V. Vaccine to Protect Young Infants”, in The New York Times, archived from the original on 2023-05-18:

(virology) Any virus in genus Pneumovirus causing respiratory tract infections.


Alaskan Malamute

Alaskan Malamute (plural Alaskan Malamutes)

(zoology) A relatively large breed of sled dog, sometimes mistaken for the Siberian Husky.

阿拉斯加馬拉穆 /阿拉斯加马拉穆

Ālāsījiā mǎlāmù


Basenji

From Lingala mbwá na basɛ́nzi (“dogs of the savages; dogs of the villagers”). First use appears c. 1906.

der

(zoology) A hunting dog (for aiding human hunters) of a particular African breed.


organography

(biology) The scientific description of the structure and function of the organs of living organisms.

οργανογραφία

description of the structure and function of organs


polyphyly

(taxonomy) The condition of being polyphyletic


organular

(biology) Of or pertaining to an organ of the body.

(cytology) Of or pertaining to an organelle of the cell.


resolvase

(biochemistry) Any of a group of enzymes that repress transposases


thymidylate

From thymidylic acid + -ate (“salt or ester”).

af

(biochemistry) Any salt or ester of thymidylic acid.


thymidylic acid

(biochemistry) A nucleotide composed of thymine, ribose and phosphoric acid.


micella

(obsolete, biology) A supposed submicroscopic particle that formed part of a biological organism


bilete

(botany, of a spore) Having two lines indicating the splitting axes


morphoanatomy

(botany, anatomy) The study of anatomical forms and structures with emphasis on characteristics useful in distinguishing the species.


autopolyploid

en-adj

autopolyploid (comparative more autopolyploid, superlative most autopolyploid)

more autopolyploid (comparative)
most autopolyploid (superlative)

(genetics) Having more than two sets of chromosomes, derived from the same species, as a result of redoubling

autopoliploide

having more than two sets of chromosomes


glucooligosaccharide

(biochemistry) Any oligosaccharide having glucose residues


musteloid

(zoology) Any of many mammals of the superfamily Musteloidea, including the weasels, raccoons, red pandas, and skunks.


phytography

(botany) The branch of botany concerned with the description of plants.


polyphore

(botany, mycology) A receptacle which bears many ovaries.


quinoprotein

(biochemistry) Any of a class of proteins that have quinones as cofactors.


green bottle fly

en-noun

green bottle fly (plural green bottle flies)

green bottle flies (plural)
green-bottle fly (alternative)
greenbottle fly (alternative)

(entomology) Any of the flies in the genus Lucilia (alias Phaenicia).

groene vleesvlieg

flies in the genera Lucilia and Phaenicia


kallikrein

kallikrein (countable and uncountable, plural kallikreins)

From Ancient Greek κᾰλλίκρεᾰς (kăllíkreăs, “sweetbread, pancreas”) + -in, from κᾰλλι- (kălli-, “beautiful”) + κρέᾰς (kréăs, “flesh, meat”).

af

(biochemistry) A hypotensive protease that liberates kinins from blood plasma proteins and is used therapeutically for vasodilation.


kininogen

(biochemistry) Any of a set of proteins defined by their primary role as precursors for kinin


bradykinin

en-noun

bradykinin (countable and uncountable, plural bradykinins)

From Ancient Greek βραδύς (bradús, “slow, brady-”) + Ancient Greek κίνησις (kínēsis, “motion”) + -in.

af

slow, <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">brady-</i>

(biochemistry) A compound released in the blood in some circumstances which causes contraction of smooth muscle and dilation of blood vessels. It is a peptide with nine amino-acid residues.


nonapeptide

(biochemistry, organic chemistry) An oligopeptide formed from nine amino acids


decapeptide

(biochemistry, organic chemistry) An oligopeptide formed from ten amino acids.


kinin

Derived from Ancient Greek κῑνέω (kīnéō) meaning "to move or stimulate" + -in.

The kinin work comes at a time when "there has not been a whole lot of interest in the common cold," Dr. Couch said, adding that he believed scientists had begun to view cold research as "a hopeless area."

1987 October 6, Gina Kolata, “Clever Strategy Shows Promise Against Colds”, in The New York Times:

Indeed, it’s possible to create the full storm of cold symptoms with no cold virus at all, but only a potent cocktail of the so-called inflammatory mediators that the body makes itself[,] among them, cytokines, kinins, prostaglandins and interleukins, powerful little chemical messengers that cause the blood vessels in the nose to dilate and leak, stimulate the secretion of mucus, activate sneeze and cough reflexes and set off pain in our nerve fibers.

2010 October 4, Jennifer Ackerman, “How Not to Fight Colds”, in The New York Times:

(biochemistry) Any of various structurally related polypeptides of the autacoid family, such as bradykinin and kallikrein, that act locally to induce vasodilation and contraction of smooth muscle.


zingiberene

(biochemistry) A monocyclic sesquiterpene, the predominant constituent of the oil of ginger.


ascocarp

(mycology) The sporocarp of an ascomycete, typically bowl-shaped.


shotgun proteomics

Analogous to (shotgun sequencing), in shotgun proteomics, complex protein mixtures are digested into peptides, analyzed by tandem mass spectrometry, and computer algoriths then map the peptides onto proteins to determine the original content of the mixture.

2005, Selene K Swanson, P. Michael, “The continuing evolution of shotgun proteomics”, in Drug Discovery Today:

(genetics) A laboratory method for the determining the identities of proteins in a mixture.


holdfast

(biology) A root-like structure that anchors aquatic sessile organisms, such as seaweed, other sessile algae, stalked crinoids, benthic cnidarians, and sponges, to the substrate.


dichogamy

From Ancient Greek δίχα (díkha, “in two, asunder; differently, oppositely”) + -gamy.

uder

(biology) The condition in which an organism changes sex during its lifetime.


fulicine

en-adj

fulicine (comparative more fulicine, superlative most fulicine)

more fulicine (comparative)
most fulicine (superlative)

From translingual Fulica (genus name) + -ine.

The tarso-metatarsus is also typically Fulicine…

1896, C. W. Andrews, NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE. VOL. III. (ON THE EXTINCT BIRDS OF THE CHATHAM ISLANDS. PART II.), page 265

(ornithology, rare) Of, or pertaining to coots.


ralline

ralline (comparative more ralline, superlative most ralline)

more ralline (comparative)
most ralline (superlative)

From scientific Latin Rallidae (family name).

(ornithology, rare) Of, or pertaining to members of the Rallidae family (also referred to as rails).


ethionine

en-noun

ethionine (countable and uncountable, plural ethionines)

(biochemistry) A toxic and carcinogenic non-proteinogenic amino acid structurally related to methionine, with an ethyl group in place of the methyl group.


stachyose

(biochemistry) A tetrasaccharide found in many vegetables and plants, used as a sweetener or for its functional oligosaccharide property.


ATPase

adenosine triphosphate
adenosine triphosphate

adenosine diphosphate
adenosine diphosphate

(biochemistry) A type of enzyme which works to convert adenosine triphosphate (ATP) into adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and a free phosphate ion, thereby releasing energy to be used in cellular activity.


teneral

(entomology, of an arthropod, etc.) In the pale, soft-bodied state that follows moulting, before the hardening and darkening of the cuticle, during which the creature is able to expand.


pezizoid

en-adj

pezizoid (comparative more pezizoid, superlative most pezizoid)

more pezizoid (comparative)
most pezizoid (superlative)

(botany) Resembling a fungus of the polyphyletic genus Peziza, having a cuplike form.


synizesis

en-noun

synizesis (countable and uncountable, plural synizeses)

From Ancient Greek συνίζησις (sunízēsis, “a sitting together”), from σύν (sún, “with”) (English syn-) + ἱζάνω (hizánō, “to sit”).

der

(biology) Dense clumping of chromosomes on one side of the nucleus, sometimes occurring prior to cell division.


macroelement

(biochemistry) Any chemical element for which the human body has a daily requirement of greater than about 100mg

macroelemento

element for which the human body has a daily requirement of greater than 100mg


dendrocyte

As a result of the 6 latter points we may consider the existence of two kinds of cells with distinct characteristics; the dendrocyte and the tumor cell.

1973, Eugène Follmann, Human melanin, page 231:

(cytology) A dendritic cell that originates in bone marrow.


prolification

en-noun

prolification (countable and uncountable, plural prolifications)

(dated, botany) Reproduction by the growth of a plant, or part of a plant, directly from an older one, or by gemmae.


angiotensinogen

angiotensinogen (countable and uncountable, plural angiotensinogens)

(biochemistry) A globulin produced by the liver


calorigenesis

(biochemistry) The production of heat via the digestion of food, or by the action of certain hormones


cytopenia

cytopenia (usually uncountable, plural cytopenias)

(cytology) A reduction in the number of blood cells for any of several reasons.


massula

(palynology) A union of pollen microspores.


protocorm

Orchids rely on fungi to reproduce. Their tiny seeds don't have any on-board nutrients (like beans and apples) and will not germinate until they are infected by a symbiotic fungus which supplies them with food. Known as a protocorm, this tiny orchid-fungus ball grows, turns green and eventually starts to photosynthesise.

2014 April 5, “Quite interesting: A quietly intriguing column from the brains behind QI, the BBC quiz show. This week; QI orchids you not”, in The Daily Telegraph (Weekend), page W22:

(botany) A tuberous mass of cells that is the embryonic form of orchids and club mosses


parvalbumin

parvalbumin (countable and uncountable, plural parvalbumins)

(biochemistry) A small albumin protein of the nervous system that binds calcium.


creatine kinase

creatine kinase (plural creatine kinases)

(biochemistry) An enzyme that catalyzes the phosphorylation of creatine and uses adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to create phosphocreatine and adenosine diphosphate (ADP).


mispaired

en-adj

mispaired (comparative more mispaired, superlative most mispaired)

more mispaired (comparative)
most mispaired (superlative)

(genetics) Describing a chain of nucleic acid containing nucleotides that are not complementary to those in the corresponding position of the other chain.


digoxin

en-noun

digoxin (countable and uncountable, plural digoxins)

1930s, contracted from digitoxin, from Digitalis lanata + toxin.

Digitalis lanata
Digitalis lanata#Translingual

(biochemistry, pharmacology) A poisonous compound present in the foxglove (Digitalis lanata) and other plants. It is a steroid glycoside and is used in small doses as a cardiac stimulant.


cytopharynx

cytopharynx (plural cytopharynxes or cytopharynges)

cytopharynxes (plural)
cytopharynges (plural)

(cytology) A tube-like opening in the lateral surface of a ciliate, through which food is ingested.

solunielu

opening through which a ciliate ingests its food


biodynamics

(biology, dated) The doctrine of vital forces or energy.


strobilate

en-verb

strobilate (third-person singular simple present strobilates, present participle strobilating, simple past and past participle strobilated)

strobilates (present singular third-person)
strobilating (participle present)
strobilated (participle past)
strobilated (past)

From strobilus or strobila + -ate (adjective-forming suffix).

af

So that’s what we try to do, make them strobilate faster.

2007 September 16, “My Family Has High Hopes for Me Because They Know I’m Going to Do Great Things.”, in New York Times:

These, in turn, reproduce by cloning; when conditions are right, they ‘strobilate’, elongating and splitting into a stack of discs which develop into larvae, and break away to become medusae.

2014, Theo Tait, “Water-Borne Zombies”, in London Review of Books, volume 36, number 5:

(intransitive, biology) To produce a strobilus or strobila (layered, conelike structure).


orthomyxovirus

Swine influenza is an example of an orthomyxovirus.

(virology) Any RNA virus of Orthomyxoviridae family characterised by having two long glycoprotein spikes.


monandrous

(botany) Having only one stamen in each flower.


bicornuate

en-adj

bicornuate (comparative more bicornuate, superlative most bicornuate)

more bicornuate (comparative)
most bicornuate (superlative)

(medicine, botany) Resembling a pair of horns, as a malformed uterus may.


red-throat

(British, birdwatching) The red-throated diver.


black-throat

black-throated diver
black-throated diver

Gavia arctica
Gavia arctica#Translingual

(British, birdwatching) The black-throated diver (Gavia arctica).


neurofuran

docosahexaenoic acid
docosahexaenoic acid

(biochemistry) Any of various 22-carbon compounds, similar to the isofurans, formed nonenzymatically by free radical mediated peroxidation of docosahexaenoic acid.


isofuran

isofurans (plural)
isofurane (alternative)

(biochemistry) Any of various nonclassic eicosanoids formed nonenzymatically by free radical mediated peroxidation of arachidonic acid, similar to the isoprostanes but with a substituted tetrahydrofuran ring.


isoprostane

essential fatty acid
essential fatty acid

(biochemistry) Any of various prostaglandin-like compounds formed in vivo from the free radical-catalyzed peroxidation of essential fatty acids (primarily arachidonic acid) without the direct action of cyclooxygenase enzyme.


resolvin

eicosapentaenoic acid
eicosapentaenoic acid

(biochemistry) Any of various compounds that are made by the human body from the omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, believed to reduce cellular inflammation.


docosatriene

From docosa- (“22”) + tri- (“3”) + -ene (“double-bonded carbon”). From having 22 carbons, with three double-bonded carbon-carbons.

af

(biochemistry) A compound containing conjugated triene structures generated from docosahexaenoic acid.


hirudin

en-noun

hirudin (countable and uncountable, plural hirudins)

(biochemistry) A peptide, obtained from the salivary glands of leeches, that is used as an anticoagulant.

هيرودين

peptide obtained from the salivary glands of leeches


humusy

en-adj

humusy (comparative more humusy, superlative most humusy)

more humusy (comparative)
most humusy (superlative)

This plant thrives best in a humusy soil.


decellularization

(biology, medicine) The loss of cells from tissue.


sialyltransferase

(biochemistry) Any of a class of enzymes that catalyze the transfer of sialic acid moieties (especially to certain glycolipids)


intergenic spacer

en-noun

intergenic spacer (plural intergenic spacers)

(genetics) A non-transcribed length of DNA separating repeated lengths of DNA containing genes encoding ribosomal rRNA with transcribed spacers.


immunomagnetic separation

immunomagnetic separation (countable and uncountable, plural immunomagnetic separations)

(biochemistry) A laboratory technique for separating cells by means of their antigens becoming bound to antibodies coating microscopic paramagnetic beads, which can then be separated from the medium by magnetic attraction.


genethics

(informal, genetics) The ethics of genetics


immunohistology

(immunology, histology) The application of the techniques of immunology to histology


brevipennate

(ornithology) short-winged; having short wings.


proerythroblast

(biology) The earliest stage in the development of a normoblast


reticulin

(biochemistry) A scleroprotein, similar to collagen, found in lymphatic connective tissue


scleroprotein

(biochemistry) Any of many fibrous proteins found in connective tissue etc.


seroconversion

seroconversion (countable and uncountable, plural seroconversions)

en:change between the states of seronegativity and seropositivity, in either direction

(biology, medicine, loosely) Change between the states of seronegativity and seropositivity, in either direction: either the process of this change or an instance of it.

en:change from seronegativity to seropositivity

(often strictly) Such change in the negative-to-positive direction, as a result of infection or immunization: the development of specific antibodies in the blood serum.

vasta-aineiden kehittyminen

development of antibodies in blood serum


treponemal

Tuberculosis developed, as did pinta and other treponemal infections, including non-venereal syphilis, various diseases caused by intestinal parasites, and Chagas' disease.

1997, Roy Porter, The Greatest Benefit to Mankind, Folio Society, published 2016, page 159:

(biology, medicine) Pertaining to or caused by treponema


vacuolation

vacuolation (countable and uncountable, plural vacuolations)

/ˌvækjʊəˈleɪʃən/

(medicine, biology) The formation of vacuoles in a cellular tissue.


crestie

Podiceps cristatus
Podiceps cristatus#Translingual

(Northern England, birdwatching) A great crested grebe (Podiceps cristatus).


trochilidine

en-adj

trochilidine (comparative more trochilidine, superlative most trochilidine)

more trochilidine (comparative)
most trochilidine (superlative)

From translingual Trochilidae (family name).

Trochilidine literature has never entirely recovered from its effect.

1892, Robert Ridgway, THE HUMMING BIRDS., page 261:

(ornithology, rare) Of, or pertaining to hummingbirds.


metatranscriptomic

(genetics) Of or pertaining to metatranscriptomics


metatranscriptomics

(genetics, ecology) A branch of transcriptomics that studies, and correlates, the transcriptomes of a group of interacting organisms or species


zoonite

An organite is always dependent, its life is always subordinate to that of the individual of which it forms a part; a zoonite is always independent, it has a life peculiar to itself.

1843, The Medical Times, volume 7, page 183:

When there is budding the somite which proliferates is the pre-anal in Myrianida and certain species of Autolytus; the anal segment is, from the first, too differentiated to take part in the formation of new zoonites.

1891, Journal of the Royal Microscopical Society, page 195:

(zoology, archaic) One of the segments of the body of an articulated animal, sometimes regarded as a distinct organism.


psRNA

(genetics) Initialism of polysome-associated RNA.


uridylate

From uridylic acid + -ate (“salt or ester”).

(biochemistry) Any salt or ester of uridylic acid.


lipoprotein lipase

en-noun

lipoprotein lipase (plural lipoprotein lipases)

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of a lipoprotein


amicyanin

(biochemistry) A specific protein that plays a role in electron transfer, containing a copper atom.


plastocyanin

plastocyanin (countable and uncountable, plural plastocyanins)

(biochemistry) An important copper-containing protein, involved in electron transfer


hypermetabolism

hypermetabolism (countable and uncountable, plural hypermetabolisms)

(biochemistry) The physiological state of increased metabolic activity, typically occurring after significant damage to the body


aeroscopy

From Ancient Greek ἁεροσκοπία (haeroskopía, “divination by observing the heavens”), from ἀήρ (aḗr, “air”) + σκοπέω (skopéō, “I examine”).


rhizophagy

From rhizo- (“root”) + -phagy (“to feed on”).

The possibility of rhizophagous behavior has been associated with analysis of earthworm gizzard or gut contents for ingested root fragments. Proving active rhizophagy with this method is difficult.... (1999-P. Lavelle, Earthworm Management in Tropical Agroecosystems, CABI, P. 116)

We suggest that this ability of roots to incorporate microbes be termed rhizophagy to reﬂect the apparent active uptake mechanism. (2013-C. Paungfoo-Lonhienne et al. (original author), Mol. Microbial Ecology of the Rhizosphere, John Wiley, doi:10.1002/9781118297674.ch115)

Rhizophagy may be considered to be a cyclic process that involves symbiotic bacteria—perhaps more appropriately denominated ‘rhizophagy cycle’ or ‘rhizophagy symbiosis'. (2017-S.K. Verma et al., Indigenous endophytic seed bacteria promote seedling development and defend against fungal disease in browntop millet (Urochloa ramosa), J. Appl. Microbiol., doi:10.1111/jam.13673)

(botany) The degradation of symbiotic microbes within root cells; 'rhizophagy symbiosis', or 'rhizophagy cycle', is a cyclic process whereby plants obtain nutrients from symbiotic bacteria that alternate between a root intracellular endophytic phase and a free-living soil phase. Bacteria acquire soil nutrients in the free-living soil phase; nutrients are extracted from bacteria oxidatively in the intracellular endophytic phase.


clobenpropit

(biochemistry) A histamine H₃ antagonist that has neuroprotective effects via stimulation of GABA release in the brain. Chemical symbol: C₁₄H₁₇ClN₄S.


dTTP

(genetics) Initialism of deoxythymidine triphosphate.


dUTP

(genetics) Abbreviation of deoxyuridine triphosphate.


aldolase

(biochemistry) An enzyme, present in some tissue, that catalyses the conversion of phosphates of fructose to those of glyceraldehyde and dihydroxyacetone


epigenomics

'Epigenomics' can be termed as the study of the effects of chromatin structure, including the higher order of chromatin folding and attachment to the nuclear matrix, packaging of DNA around nucleosomes, covalent modifications of histone tails and DNA methylation.

2008 March, V. S. Gomase, S. Tagore, “Epigenomics”, in Current Drug Metabolism:

(biology) The study of the effects of chromatin structure on the function of the included genes.


sevenless

Drosophila melanogaster
Drosophila melanogaster#Translingual

(genetics) A gene in Drosophila melanogaster that encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase protein essential to the development of R7 cells in the embryonic eye.


papula

(zoology) One of the numerous small hollow processes of the integument between the plates of starfishes.


metapopulation

(ecology) A group of interacting populations of the same species.

metapopulatie

a group of interacting populations of the same species


apterygial

(zoology) That lacks limbs, fins or wings.


pluripotential

en-adj

pluripotential (comparative more pluripotential, superlative most pluripotential)

more pluripotential (comparative)
most pluripotential (superlative)


diphosphatase

(biochemistry, especially in combination) Any enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of the diphosphate of a specific nucleotide or other biochemical compound


dicentric

(genetics) (of a chromosome) Having two centromeres (an aberration)


achaetous

Achaetous gill-less tails are a typical trait for the juvenile stage of development in species of Arenicolidae (phylum Annelida).


detrivore

(ecology) Any organism that feeds on detritus; a detritivore, a saprophyte.


diseasome

(medicine, genetics) All the disorders and diseases of an organism, viewed as a whole, with special reference to genetic features


euglobulin

(biochemistry) A fraction of serum proteins obtained as a precipitate by adjusting salt levels and pH.


deduplication

en-noun

deduplication (countable and uncountable, plural deduplications)

(biology) The division of that which is morphologically one organ into two or more, such as the division of an organ of a plant into a pair or cluster.


selachian

en-adj

selachian (comparative more selachian, superlative most selachian)

more selachian (comparative)
most selachian (superlative)
selacian (alternative)

From the (disused) genus name Selache, from Latin selachē, from the plural of Ancient Greek σέλαχος (sélakhos, “shark”).

der

Fig. 4-10 shows crude apparatus which was used to make rough measurements of the vertical forces produced by selachian tails.

1981, R. McNeill Alexander, The Chordates, page 104:

Telling selachian sharks apart from batoid skates and rays is relatively easy (with some exceptions noted below), but telling skates (rajiforms) apart from rays (myliobatiforms) can be more challenging.

2014, Gene Helfman, George H. Burgess, Sharks: The Animal Answer Guide, page 8:

(zoology) Pertaining to (what is now classified as) the superorder Selachimorpha or division Selachii, comprising the sharks; or, sometimes more broadly, to the subclass Elasmobranchii, including sharks, rays and related species.

хрущялен

pertaining to the superorder Selachiformes


selachian

selachians (plural)
selacian (alternative)

However, some selachians enter freshwater and a few, like the stingray Paratrygon motoro, are even restricted to freshwater.

1999, William C Hamlett, editor, Sharks, Skates, and Rays: The Biology of Elasmobranch Fishes, page 300:

(zoology) Any organism of the superorder Selachimorpha or subclass Elasmobranchii; an extant shark (or related species).


IgA

(medicine, biology) Abbreviation of immunoglobulin A.


tubuloalveolar

(biology) Starting out as a branched tubular gland and branching further to terminate in alveoli.


plasma membrane

en-noun

plasma membrane (plural plasma membranes)

(cytology) The semipermeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm of a cell.


dealate

de-alate (alternative)
dëalate (alternative)

(entomology) Having lost or shed its wings, usually in the normal course of its life cycle.


dealate

dealates (plural)
de-alate (alternative)
dëalate (alternative)

(entomology) A creature that has lost or shed its wings.


dëalate

en-adj

dëalate (comparative more dëalate, superlative most dëalate)

more dëalate (comparative)
most dëalate (superlative)


de-alate

(entomology) Alternative spelling of dealate.


dealated

de-alated (alternative)
dëalated (alternative)

(entomology) Having shed or lost its wings, usually in the normal course of its life cycle.


subclade

(biology, taxonomy) A clade that is included in another clade.


Barr body

Men with Klinefelter syndrome (47,XXY karyotype) have a single Barr body, whereas women with a 47,XXX karyotype have two Barr bodies.

(biology) A sex chromosome inactivated by packing in heterochromatin.


floccose

floccose (comparative more floccose, superlative most floccose)

more floccose (comparative)
most floccose (superlative)

(botany, mycology) Covered or growing in wooly tufts


holoparasitic

(botany) Of or pertaining to a plant sustaining itself entirely through parasitism.


unlogged

(zoology) Where logging (cutting down of trees) has not taken place.


apogamy

(botany) Asexual reproduction of a fully formed plant directly from a bud.

apogamia

asexual reproduction of a fully formed plant directly from a bud


demilune

demilunes (plural)
demi-lune (alternative)
demi lune (alternative)

(biology) A crescentic mass of granular protoplasm present in the salivary glands.


subadnate

subadnate (comparative more subadnate, superlative most subadnate)

more subadnate (comparative)
most subadnate (superlative)

(mycology) Loosely linked or fused to something unlike itself; slightly adnate.


sublageniform

sublageniform (comparative more sublageniform, superlative most sublageniform)

more sublageniform (comparative)
most sublageniform (superlative)


subcampanulate

subcampanulate (comparative more subcampanulate, superlative most subcampanulate)

more subcampanulate (comparative)
most subcampanulate (superlative)

(mycology) Slightly bell-shaped or campanulate.


subrhomboid

subrhomboid (comparative more subrhomboid, superlative most subrhomboid)

more subrhomboid (comparative)
most subrhomboid (superlative)


subviscid

subviscid (comparative more subviscid, superlative most subviscid)

more subviscid (comparative)
most subviscid (superlative)


subumbonate

subumbonate (comparative more subumbonate, superlative most subumbonate)

more subumbonate (comparative)
most subumbonate (superlative)


subsinuate

subsinuate (comparative more subsinuate, superlative most subsinuate)

more subsinuate (comparative)
most subsinuate (superlative)


subovoid

subovoid (comparative more subovoid, superlative most subovoid)

more subovoid (comparative)
most subovoid (superlative)


subpruinose

subpruinose (comparative more subpruinose, superlative most subpruinose)

more subpruinose (comparative)
most subpruinose (superlative)


tautonym

From taut- + -onym or alternatively tauto- + -nym.

And that would mean a species named Leucanthemum leucanthemum, with the genus and species epithet the same (a tautonym), which is a total no-no in botany.

2013 August 14, “Is oxeye daisy a Leucanthemum or a Chrysanthemum?”, in Botanical Accuracy:

(biology) A binomial name consisting of the same word twice, such as Bison bison.


strangulated

(botany) Contracted at irregular intervals, if tied with a ligature; constricted.


pinacocyte

Minchin (1896, 1898, 1908) also concluded that the pinacocytes could leave the dermal epithelium and become calcoblasts in both larva and adult sponge.

1961, Contributions to Marine Science, University of Wales Marine Science Laboratories, page 3:

As you can see in Fig 27.7, sponges have only three types of cells in their bodies: pinacocytes (epithelial cells), choanocytes (collar cells) and amoebocytes (amoeboid cells).

1992, Martin Rowland, Biology, page 626:

Despite this, in some studies the origin of new pinacocytes is not clear or is disputed (Wilson and Penney, 1930; Borojevic and Lévi, 1965).

2012, T. L. Simpson, The Cell Biology of Sponges, page 570:

(biology) Any of a group of flattened polygonal cells that together make up the pinacoderm in the dermal epithelium of sponges.

basopinacocyte

cell which adheres to the surface to which the sponge attaches

endopinacocyte

cell on the inner surface of a canal of the sponge

exopinacocyte

cell on the exterior surface of the sponge


squamule

The cap of the mushroom has squamules.


scutellum

Borrowed from New Latin scūtellum, diminutive of Latin scūtum (“shield”).

Any of several shield-shaped structures in insects, grasses etc

(lichenology) A rounded apothecium having an elevated rim formed of the proper thallus, the fructification of certain lichens.

(zoology) The third of the four pieces forming the upper part of a thoracic segment of an insect. It follows the scutum, and is followed by the small postscutellum.

(zoology) One of the transverse scales on the tarsi and toes of birds.

(botany) A grass seed cotyledon that is highly modified for absorption.


semielliptical

(architecture, botany) Having the form of half an ellipse (divided along the major axis).


sensillum

sensilla (plural)
sensilla (alternative)

Borrowed from German Sensillum, from New Latin sensillum, diminutive of Latin sēnsus (“perception, feeling”). Coined by German biologist, naturalist, philosopher, physician and artist Ernst Haeckel in Systematische Phylogenie (1895).

coinage

(zoology) A sensory receptor in certain invertebrates, especially arthropods.


subpentagonal

(anatomy, botany) Having five sides, but not forming a regular pentagon

subpentagonale

having five sides, but not forming a regular pentagon


TSH

But I had my blood levels taken at the laboratory about a month ago, and I had an unusually high concentration of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)—about ten times the normal amount—which means that the lithium is wreaking havoc on my glands, which means that I could end up in a really bad physical state.

1994, Elizabeth Wurtzel, Prozac Nation: Young and Depressed in America, Houghton Mifflin, →ISBN, page 4:

thyroid-stimulating hormone
thyroid-stimulating hormone#English

(biochemistry) Initialism of thyroid-stimulating hormone.


gametangium

Gymnoascus and its allies; the gametangia are not much differentiated; both, like the mycelial cells, are multinucleate (it is difficult to gauge the significance of this character in Fungi) and the oogonium, or an outgrowth from it becomes septate after fertilization and gives rise to ascogenous hyphae.

2010, Helen Gwynne-Vaughan, Fungi: Ascomycetes, Ustilaginales, Uredinales, page 54:

(botany, mycology) A gamete-producing organ or cell found in many multicellular protists, algae and fungi, and in the gametophytes of plants.


zoönule

(zoology) Alternative spelling of zoonule.


nonlife

en-noun

nonlife (countable and uncountable, plural nonlives)

Life reproduces. Everything else is nonlife.

(biology, uncountable) All objects or substances except those considered alive.


zalambdodont

(zoology) Having teeth with two ridges that meet at an angle, forming the letter lambda.


sicula

(zoology) The hard, triangular apex of a graptolite from which it grows.


cellopentaose

(biochemistry) An oligosaccharide, consisting of five glucose residues, formed by hydrolysis of cellulose.


zoögeny

(zoology) Alternative spelling of zoogeny.


zoöerythrine

(zoology) Alternative spelling of zooerythrin.


apoptosome

(biology) A large ternary protein structure formed in the process of apoptosis

apoptossomo

a large ternary protein structure formed in the process of apoptosis


merotelic

(genetics) Describing the attachment of one kinetochore to more than 2 centrosomes.


missegregation

missegregation (countable and uncountable, plural missegregations)

(genetics) The faulty segregation of chromosomes.


trimethyltransferase

(biochemistry) An enzyme that catalyses the transfer of three methyl groups


annidation

From Latin ad (“to”) and nidus (“nest”).
Coined by German biologist and university teacher Wilhelm Ludwig in 1950 as "a fifth evolutionary factor".

coin

Flax grew more rapidly and matured earlier than linseed and this difference in timing of growth led to annidation.

(ecology) The adaptation of the various genotypes to different ecological niches, such as where a mutant form of a species is maintained in a population because it can flourish in a way that the parent organisms cannot.


plasmoditrophoblast

(cytology) The outer, syncytial layer of the trophoblast.


deoxyadenosine

en-noun

deoxyadenosine (countable and uncountable, plural deoxyadenosines)

(biochemistry) A deoxyribonucleoside related to adenosine


deoxyguanosine

deoxyguanosine (countable and uncountable, plural deoxyguanosines)

(biochemistry) A deoxyribonucleoside related to guanosine


deoxythymine

(biochemistry) A deoxyribonucleoside related to thymine


galectin

(biochemistry) A lectin that binds galactosides


hydrochoric

en-adj

hydrochoric (comparative more hydrochoric, superlative most hydrochoric)

more hydrochoric (comparative)
most hydrochoric (superlative)

(botany) Having seeds that are dispersed by water


hydrochory

(botany) The dispersal of seeds, spores, or fruit by water.


mesofurca

(entomology) The internal skeletal element of the mesosternum.


mesosternum

(entomology) The ventral piece of the middle segment of the thorax.


megacephalic

megacephalic (comparative more megacephalic, superlative most megacephalic)

more megacephalic (comparative)
most megacephalic (superlative)

(botany, zoology) Having an extremely large head.


superfecundity

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-superfecundity.wav

(biology) Superabundant fecundity or multiplication of the species.


synanthy

en-noun

synanthy (usually uncountable, plural synanthies)

Many of the recorded cases of synanthy are really cases of the adhesion of the inflorescence rather than of the flowers.

1869, Maxwell Tylden Masters, Vegetable Teratology, page 44:

(botany) the abnormal fusion of two or more flowers


prunella

From post-classical Latin prunella, from brunus + -ella, perhaps because of the plant's brown sepals.

(botany) A member of the genus Prunella of herbaceous plants, the allheals.


clubroot

clubroot (countable and uncountable, plural clubroots)

Plasmodiophora brassicae
Plasmodiophora brassicae

(phytopathology) A common disease of cabbages, radishes, turnips, and other plants of the Cruciferae, caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae, in which galls form on latent roots, rendering them clublike.


hydrotaxis

(biology) movement (of an organism or organ) in response to water


xenarthran

/zəˈnɑɹθɹən/

From Ancient Greek ξένος (xénos, “strange”) + ἄρθρον (árthron, “joint”).

Elephant-shrews, xenarthrans, hystricognathous rodents, cetaceans, some pinnipeds, and primates depart sharply from this trend, however.

1978, Terry A. Vaughan, James M. Ryan, Nicholas J. Czaplewski, Mammalogy, page 355:

Xenarthrans appear to have originated in South America and to have undergone their major adaptive radiation there (Reig 1981).

2000, John F. Eisenberg, Kent H. Redford, Mammals of the Neotropics, volume 3, Ecuador, Bolivia, Brazil, page 90:

Only four xenarthran families are extant today, providing little indication of the past richness of the order.

2008, Christine Argot, “3: Changing Views in Paleontology: The Story of a Giant (Megatherium, Xenarthra)”, in Eric J. Sargis, Marian Dagosto, editors, Mammalian Evolutionary Morphology: A Tribute to Frederick S. Szalay, page 37:

2010, Ana Maria Jansen, André Luiz Rodrigues Roque, 11: Domestic and Wild Mammalian Reservoirs, Jenny Telleria, Michel Tibayrenc, American Trypanosomiasis: Chagas Disease: One Hundred Years of Research, page 249,
Marsupials and xenarthrans, which represented the autochthonous mammalian fauna, were T. cruzi’s first hosts.

(zoology) Any mammal of the superorder Xenarthra, of the Americas; an anteater, armadillo or sloth.


xenobiont

(biology) Any organism found in surroundings, or in association with another organism, in which it is normally absent.

xenobio

biology: organism found in surroundings, or in association with another organism, in which it is normally absent


xiphosauran

(zoology) Any of many marine chelicerates of the order Xiphosura, the horseshoe crabs.


inaequihymeniiferous

en-adj

inaequihymeniiferous (comparative more inaequihymeniiferous, superlative most inaequihymeniiferous)

more inaequihymeniiferous (comparative)
most inaequihymeniiferous (superlative)

From in- + aequi- + hymenium + -iferous. Coined by mycologist Arthur Henry Reginald Buller in 1909.

Characters: Hymenophore lamellate; the lamellae of the Coprinus-type (with parallel or subparallel sides) or wedge shaped, of the aequihymeniiferous or the inaequihymeniiferous type; in the genera with aequihymeniiferous and wedge-shaped lamellae — epicutis of the pileus always characteristically cellular, the epicutis often consisting of somewhat compressed (not always quite globose) but distinctly subisodiametric bodies which are often somewhat colored, or arranged in or arranged in chains but not mealy in most species, rather rarely covered up by a velar layer which consists of elongate elements; otherwise, i. e. if the lamellae are of the inaequihymeniiferous type or with parallel or subparallel sides, they usually tend to deliquesce, and in extreme cases which are rather common, the whole pileus eventually […]

1949: Rolf Singer, The Agaricales (Mushrooms) in Modern Taxonomy, page 452 ^〃 (Universidad Nacional de Tucuman; Instituto Miguel Lillo)

(mycology) Of or relating to the arrangement of the hymenium of some mushroom species in the genera Coprinus, Coprinopsis, Coprinellus, Panaeolus, Psilocybe and Lacrymaria. The intermittent maturation and shedding of spores in radial bands beginning from the periphery of each gill, deliquescing from the bottom and advancing upwards.


stigmergy

Coined in 1959 by French biologist Pierre-Paul Grassé in reference to termite behaviour, from the Ancient Greek στίγμα (stígma, “mark”, “sign”) + ἔργον (érgon, “work”, “action”).

uder

(biology) A mechanism of spontaneous, indirect coordination between agents or actions, where the trace left in the environment by an action stimulates the performance of a subsequent action.


dihydroxyphenylalanine

(biochemistry) Either of two enantiomers of a derivative of the amino acid tyrosine.


lanthionine

en-noun

lanthionine (countable and uncountable, plural lanthionines)

(biochemistry) An analogue of cystine consisting of two alanine residues connected by a single sulfur atom


zoanthid

(zoology) Any member of the order Zoanthidea of cnidarians commonly found in coral reefs and other marine environments.


homocercal

(ichthyology) Describing the symmetric tail of a fish that has two lobes extending from the end of the vertebral column.


homochromy

(zoology) The use, by an organism, of the same colour as its background as a means of protection

taustaväritys

the use of the same colour as its background


homodont

(zoology) Having teeth that are all of the same type.

azonos típusú fogakkal rendelkező

having teeth that are all of the same type


homodont

(zoology) Any organism with teeth all of the same type.


heterocarpy

The production of two or more distinct fruit types by an individual, i.e. heterocarpy, is considered as a mixed dispersal strategy in which a proportion of the offspring is able to colonize new sites, whilst others remain near the maternal location.

2013, Rubén Torices, Alicia Agudo, Inés Alvarez Fernández, Not only size matters: achene morphology affects time of seedling emergence in three heterocarpic species of "Anacyclus" (Anthemideae, Asteraceae):

(botany) The production of multiple kinds of fruit on the same plant.


heterocarpous

en-adj

heterocarpous (comparative more heterocarpous, superlative most heterocarpous)

more heterocarpous (comparative)
most heterocarpous (superlative)


great crest

(UK, informal, rare, birdwatching) the great crested grebe.


goldie

Young "baldies" look just like "goldies" and are often shot by mistake.

[…] the golden eagle is the champion predator. And the most handsome, according to ornithologists, who affectionately call their subjects "goldies".

Golden eagles took up old eyries on Hebridean sea cliffs only after the white-tailed sea eagle became extinct. Goldies may hunt seabirds but never fish, and they always resort to flying inland for rabbits or hares as preferred prey.

2009, John A. Love, A natural history of St. Kilda:

Something which is golden in color.
(UK, birdwatching) The golden eagle.

Something which is golden in color.
The golden eagle.

“Each time the golden plover moved, its dunlin attendant followed, but when the goldie flew off to land on a wooden post, it triggered a bizarre cameo.

2005, Mark Cocker, Richard Mabey, Birds Britannica:

Both grey and golden had the folk name "whistling plover" in Britain, but you know from the habitat that Burns must have had the goldie in mind in his line, The deep-toned plover gray, wild whistling on the hill

2009, Jeremy Mynott, Birdscapes: Birds in Our Imagination and Experience:

Dunlins, 'the plover's page', lay their eggs in wetter flows, usually those having a complex of small pools; we often watched the dunlins following the goldies.

2010, Desmond Nethersole-Thompson, Waders: their Breeding, Haunts and Watchers, page 107:

Something which is golden in color.
(UK, birdwatching) The golden plover.

Something which is golden in color.
The golden plover.


red-leg

red-legged partridge
red-legged partridge

(UK, birdwatching) The red-legged partridge.


blackwit

(Yorkshire, birdwatching) the black-tailed godwit.


spotshank

(UK, birdwatching, informal) The spotted redshank.


spot-red

(UK, birdwatching, slang) The spotted redshank.


rosy tern

(Yorkshire, birdwatching) the roseate tern.


kingy

From kingfisher + -y (“diminutive suffix”).

Alcedo atthis
Alcedo atthis#Translingual

(UK, slang, birdwatching) the kingfisher, Alcedo atthis.


SNP

Our results also identified the causative mutation of polydactylous Silkie was not exist in other nonpolydactyly chickens, suggesting that SNP of polydactyly in Silkie has fully penetrated all other indigenous Chinese chicken breeds.

2016 February 10, “Parallel Evolution of Polydactyly Traits in Chinese and European Chickens”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) Acronym of single-nucleotide polymorphism, a single base pair of DNA which is polymorphic with respect to a population.


macrobiology

(biology) The study of large living organisms.


microsclerodermin

(biology) A family of macrocyclic compounds derived from a marine sponge.


protogynous

protogin

botany: whose female parts become mature before the male ones

protogin

whose female parts mature before the male parts release their spermatozoids

(botany) Whose female parts (stigma) becomes mature before the male ones (anthers).

(botany) Whose female parts (archegonia) mature before the male parts (antheridia) release their spermatozoids.


protostoma

From proto- + Ancient Greek στόμα (stóma, “mouth”).

af

The protostoma with its wall—the protorhabdion—is the major part of the stoma.

1968, Konstantin Ivanovich Skirabin, Key to Parasitic Nematodes, volume 1:

Conventionally, the stoma is divided into three parts: the anterior chamber or cheilostoma, the middle or protostoma, and the posterior or telostoma.

1977, Ivan Antonovich Rubtsov, Aquatic Mermithidae of the Fauna of the USSR:

(zoology) In nematodes, a particular division of the stoma (mouthlike opening).


nival

en-adj

nival (comparative more nival, superlative most nival)

more nival (comparative)
most nival (superlative)

From Latin nivalis, from nix, nivis (“snow”).

In 1884 O. Heer published a comprehensive account of the nival flora of Switzerland, in which he listed 338 species of flowering plants found above 2600 m.; of these, 6 were found above 3900 m.

As can be seen from the present chapter, main problems of adaptation, ecophysiology, ecology and evolutionary biology of the nival fauna were hardly investigated at all.” The early history of explorations of the nival zone in the Alps has been summarized[…]

2013, Rosa Margesin, Franz Schinner, Cold-Adapted Organisms: Ecology, Physiology, Enzymology and Molecular Biology, Springer Science & Business Media, →ISBN, page 165:

(botany) Found or thriving in snowy conditions.


saccule

saccules (plural)
sacculus (alternative British)

Borrowed from Latin sacculus (“a little sack or bag”), diminutive of saccus (“a bag, sack”). Doublet of sacculus.

(biology, anatomy) A small sac, pouch, or cyst.


microgenesis

(biology, anatomy, medicine) The condition of a body part which has developed abnormally small.


strepsirrhine

From Strepsirrhini (“a taxon of Primates”), itself formed from Ancient Greek στρέψις (strépsis, “a turning [inward]”) + ῥινός (rhinós, “nose”), referring to the sinuous (comma-shaped) appearance of the nostrils on the rhinarium (wet nose).

uder

(zoology) Any member of the clade Strepsirrhini, one of the two suborders of primates, besides haplorhines (which includes monkeys and apes).


megasporangium

From neo-Latin, from mega- (“major”) + sporangium. The prefix is from Ancient Greek μέγας (mégas, “great”), and the base from spora + Ancient Greek ἀγγεῖον (angeîon, “vessel”).

der

(biology) A sporangium which produces only megaspores


lineate

en-adj

lineate (comparative more lineate, superlative most lineate)

more lineate (comparative)
most lineate (superlative)

Latin lineatus, past participle of lineare (“to reduce to a straight line”).

a lineate leaf

(botany) Marked longitudinally with depressed parallel lines.


cascader

(entomology) Any of various species of dragonfly of the genus Zygonyx, family Libellulidae, which commonly inhabit watercourses with waterfalls.


obsoleteness

en-noun

obsoleteness (countable and uncountable, plural obsoletenesses)

(biology) The quality of being imperfectly or indistinctly developed.


aerotaxis

(biology) Movement of an organism either towards or away from a region of higher oxygen content.

aérotaxie

movement of an organism either towards or away from a region of higher oxygen content


aerotropism

Formed as aero- + -tropism after the German Aërotropismus.

(biology) The growth of an organism either towards, or away from a region of higher oxygen content.


elaiosome

Ancient Greek ἔλαιον (élaion, “olive oil”) + σῶμα (sôma, “body”).

uder

Ants collect the diaspores for the edible elaiosome, carry them to their nests and consume the elaiosomes. Sometimes, the elaiosome content is sucked from the diaspores, or the elaiosome is loosened on the way to the nest.

1999, Karen van Rheede van Oudtshoorn, Margaretha W. van Rooyen, Dispersal Biology of Desert Plants, Springer, page 17:

Experiments with removal of C.^([Corydalis]) cava seeds with elaiosomes ablated, and with paper balls, infiltrated with juices of seed bodies and elaiosomes, showed the crucial role of elaiosome content in the ant attraction.

2003, Elena Gorb, Stanislav S. N. Gorb, “Seed Dispersal by Ants in a Deciduous Forest Ecosystem: Mechanisms, Strategies, Adaptations”, in Publications, Kluwer Academic, page 44:

Elaiosomes also vary in size, and ants in many instances preferentially disperse diaspores with the greatest elaiosome/diaspore mass ratio, although plants produce seeds of different sizes, allowing for a variety of ants to effect their dispersal

2007, Victor Rico-Gray, Paulo S. Oliveira, The Ecology and Evolution of Ant-Plant Interactions, University of Chicago Press, page 47:

(botany) A fleshy structure rich in lipids attached to the seeds of many plant species, usually to attract ants that disperse the seeds.


funicle

From Latin fūniculus (“cord”), diminutive from fūnis (“cord”) + -culus.

(entomology) Intermediate segments of the antenna of chalcid wasps adjoining the pedicel basally and the clava distally.


seed plant

The typical ('higher') seed plants are called Spermatophyta.

(botany) A plant which reproduces by breading seeds in the wide sense of the term, including spores etc.

zaadplant

plant which reproduces by spreading seeds in the wide sense of the term, including spores etc.


seed coat

(botany) The protective outer cover of a seed


seed fern

(botany) A plant of division Pteridospermatophyta, which had fronds like a fern and naked seeds.


naked seed

A gymnosperm seed which isn't enclosed in a plant ovary.


foliole

Diminutive of Latin folium (“leaf”). Compare French foliole.

(botany) One of the distinct parts of a compound leaf; a leaflet.


amylopsin

(biochemistry) A pancreatic form of amylase.


anabiosis

en-noun

anabiosis (countable and uncountable, plural anabioses)

(biology) A state of suspended animation, especially during extreme drought; the act of recovering from this state.


queenlike

en-adj

queenlike (comparative more queenlike, superlative most queenlike)

more queenlike (comparative)
most queenlike (superlative)

Although the laying workers functioned in a queenlike manner, they were unable to suppress ovarian development as effectively as the queen.

1991, Kenneth G Ross, Robert W Matthews, The social biology of wasps:

(zoology) Resembling or characteristic of a queen (reproductive female animal).


sigbin

(cryptozoology) A cryptid resembling a kangaroo or a deer.


zoneless

(biology) Lacking bands or rings (particularly with reference to fungi).


hydrocholeretic

(biochemistry) That increases the volume of secretion of bile from the liver without increasing the amount of solid matter secreted.


malaxation

en-noun

malaxation (countable and uncountable, plural malaxations)

(entomology) A kneading or softening, especially the chewing and squeezing by which certain species of hunting wasps prepare captured prey as food for their larvae.


crossband

A band going across something, especially:

(biology) A band or stripe perpendicular to the body of an animal.


cytophagy

(cytology) The ingestion of cells by phagocytes.


affinity reagent

affinity reagent (plural affinity reagents)

Finally, the recovery of the target protein should be attempted by washing with a suitable eluant so that the target protein dissociates from the affinity reagent.

1994, G. Street, chapter 2, in Highly selective separations in biotechnology, →ISBN, page 10:

(biochemistry) An antibody, peptide, nucleic acid, or other small molecule that specifically binds to a larger target molecule in order to identify, track, capture, or influence its activity.


colicin

(biochemistry) Any of a class of proteins, secreted by certain strains of bacteria, that kill but do not lyse other strains


fusion tag

(biochemistry) A short peptide, protein domain, or entire protein that can be fused to a target protein of interest to create a fusion protein.


fusion protein

(biochemistry) A protein formed by genetically fusing or combining a gene encoding a target protein of interest with a gene encoding a protein or portion of protein that adds a desired functionality to the target.


gene family

(genetics) A group of closely related genes that make similar gene products.


genomic plasticity

In fact, these subtelomeric regions are sites of marked genomic plasticity and appear to serve as nurseries for generating new genes and enhancing genetic diversity.

2001, Orlando J. Miller, Eeva Therman, chapter 30, in Human Chromosomes, →ISBN, page 456:

(biology, genetics) The alterable nature of prokaryotic genomes that enables the fluid exchange of DNA from one microorganism to another and allows prokaryotes to adapt their genomes rapidly so they can survive changes in environmental conditions.


psammophyte

From German Psammophyt, containing Ancient Greek ψάμμος (psámmos, “sand”). By surface analysis, psammo- + -phyte.

(botany) Any plant which thrives in sandy conditions.

psammofita

any plant which thrives in sandy conditions


spermatophyte

spermatophytes (plural)
spermophyte (alternative)
spermaphyte (alternative)

From spermato- (“seed”) + -phyte (“plant”).

(botany) Any plant that bears seeds rather than spores


autogenesis

(biology) The supposed creation of living organisms from nonliving matter.

autogeneesi

the supposed creation of living organisms from nonliving matter


blastogenesis

(biology) The transformation of small lymphocytes into larger, undifferentiated cells that undergo mitosis.


pseudocholinesterase

pseudocholinesterase (countable and uncountable, plural pseudocholinesterases)

(biochemistry) One of the two types of cholinesterase (the other being acetylcholinesterase), found primarily in the liver where it hydrolyses butyrylcholine.


agglutinogen

(biochemistry) Any antigen that stimulates the production of an agglutinin