holobiont

The variables we considered include solar irradiance and turbidity, which are relevant to the symbiont photosynthesis and yearly minimum temperature, representing potential limiting factors for the holobiont.

2015 August 13, Christiane Schmidt et al., “Recent Invasion of the Symbiont-Bearing Foraminifera Pararotalia into the Eastern Mediterranean Facilitated by the Ongoing Warming Trend”, in PLoS ONE, volume 10, →DOI:

Some say we should be seen as a holobiont, a term that reflects the intimate, co-dependent relationship humans have with microbes.

2018, Nicola Davis, The Guardian, 256 March:

Holobionts are the lichens of this world, the more-than-the-sums of parts.

2020, Merlin Sheldrake, Entangled Life, page 103:

(ecology) A host organism plus its associated microorganisms


anisopoikilocytosis

en-noun

anisopoikilocytosis (countable and uncountable, plural anisopoikilocytoses)

(cytology) The presence of RBCs of varying size and shape.


Wright-Giemsa stain

Wright-Giemsa stain (plural Wright-Giemsa stains)

(histology) A cytological stain used primarily for metaphase chromosomes and differentiation of blood cells


Wright's stain

(histology) A staining technique used primarily for differentiation of blood cells.


methacarn

Fragments of ventral prostate were fixed by immersion in 4% formaldehyde freshly prepared in phosphate buffer pH 7.2 and methacarn (1 : 3 : 6 of acetic acid, chloroform, and methanol) and embedded in Paraplast.

2015 July 30, Marina G. Gobbo et al., “Influence of Melatonin on the Proliferative and Apoptotic Responses of the Prostate under Normal and Hyperglycemic Conditions”, in Journal of Diabetes Research, volume 2015, →DOI:

(cytology) A mixture of methanol, chloroform and acetic acid used as a fixative


sulfogalactosyl

Earlier we showed that sphingosine ( Fig 1 ), which lacks the sulfogalactosyl moiety of lyso-SF, requires fVa for its inhibition of II activation [ 21 ].

2015 August 11, Subramanian Yegneswaran et al., “Lyso-Sulfatide Binds Factor Xa and Inhibits Thrombin Generation by the Prothrombinase Complex”, in PLoS ONE, volume 10, →DOI:

(biochemistry, especially in combination) The univalent radical derived from galactosyl sulfate


superpathway

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-superpathway.wav

In Mtb :Δ dosR, pathways such as “Guanosine nucleotides de novo pathway of methionine biosynthesis, superpathway of amino acids biosynthesis, nucleotide biosynthesis, TCA cycle, NAD phosphorylation, etc. were significantly changed ( S1 – S3 Figs).

2015 August 13, Uma Shankar Gautam et al., “In-Vivo Gene Signatures of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in C3HeB/FeJ Mice”, in PLoS ONE, volume 10, →DOI:

(biochemistry) A combination of biochemical pathways that describe the biosynthesis or metabolism of a group of related compounds


pistillode

(botany) A sterile pistil in a male flower.


cupressophyte

(botany) Any member of the Cupressophyta.


autobiochemical

The levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and total bilirubin (TBIL) were measured with an autobiochemical analyzer (CX7; Beckman Coulter, Inc., Brea, CA, USA).

2015 August 21, Haizhi Qi et al., “Foxp3-modified bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells promotes liver allograft tolerance through the generation of regulatory T cells in rats”, in Journal of Translational Medicine, volume 13, →DOI:

(biochemistry) Relating to autobiochemistry


bioflavanol

The experiments, each were carried out each in triplicate and the results are tabulated in Table 1 and compared with the standard drug Rutin (Fig. 7 ), a bioflavanol which is a well established promising anticancer agent and its mechanism may be due to the induction of apoptosis [ 21 ].

2015 August 4, Jubie S., Dhanabal S. P., Chaitanya M. V. N. L., “Isolation of methyl gamma linolenate from spirulina platensis using flash chromatography and its apoptosis inducing effect”, in BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, volume 15, →DOI:

(biochemistry) A naturally-occurring flavanol


fasciclin

It is likely that C. lentis secretes the fasciclin homolog ClCE8 during conidium and appressorium adhesion on the plant surface, though it might also mediate down-stream infection related to fungal development.

2015 August 22, Vijai Bhadauria et al., “Candidate effectors contribute to race differentiation and virulence of the lentil anthracnose pathogen Colletotrichum lentis”, in BMC Genomics, volume 16, →DOI:

(biochemistry) Any of a group of extracellular polypeptide domains concerned with cell adhesion


diphosphohydrolase

A recent study reported that the endoplasmic reticulum enzyme ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 5 stimulates ATP consumption and favors aerobic glycolysis, thereby promoting cancer cell survival [ 30 ].

2015 August 18, Somin Lee et al., “High Inorganic Phosphate Intake Promotes Tumorigenesis at Early Stages in a Mouse Model of Lung Cancer”, in PLoS ONE, volume 10, →DOI:

(biochemistry) Any phosphohydrolase that catalyses the removal of two phosphate groups (typically from a triphosphate)


eumetric

We examined the potential increases in yields if the sizes at first capture ( L c ) were set optimally for the estimated fishing mortality rates (i.e., eumetric fishing).

2015 August 12, Marc O. Nadon et al., “Length-Based Assessment of Coral Reef Fish Populations in the Main and Northwestern Hawaiian Islands”, in PLoS ONE, volume 10, →DOI:

(ecology) That produces a stable population size


glycerophosphodiesterase

As a first application, we have simulated the diffuse scattering produced by alternative TLS refinements of the glycerophosphodiesterase GpdQ (Jackson et al., 2007 ▸ ).

2015 July 28, Andrew H. Van Benschoten et al., “Predicting X-ray diffuse scattering from translation–libration–screw structural ensembles”, in Acta Crystallographica Section D: Biological Crystallography, volume 71, →DOI:

(biochemistry) Any enzyme (such as a lecithinase) that catalyses the hydrolysis of a glycerophosphodiester


pentapeptidase

VanY, a d -Ala- d -Ala-specific pentapeptidase, evolved into VanXY through acquisition of the “bisubstrate loop,” which added hydrolysis of d -Ala- d -Ala to that of a d -Ala- d -Ala-containing pentapeptide.

2015 August 11, Djalal Meziane-Cherif et al., “Structural and Functional Adaptation of Vancomycin Resistance VanT Serine Racemases”, in mBio, volume 6, →DOI:

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of a pentapeptide


yellow patch

Throughout the year pathologists receive numerous samples of yellow, creeping bentgrass or annual bluegrass (Poa annua) from putting greens. In autumn or spring, superintendents sometimes suspect that yellow tuft (Sclerophthora macrospora) or yellow patch (Rhizoctonia cerealis) diseases are the problem.

2002, Peter H. Dernoeden, Creeping Bentgrass Management: Summer Stresses, Weeds and Selected Maladies, Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., →ISBN, page 25:

Yellow patch, sometimes called cool-temperature brown patch, develops during prolonged cool (50-65°F; 10-18°C), overcast, and moist periods from late autumn to early spring.

2013, Thomas L. Watschke, Peter H. Dernoeden, David J. Shetlar, Managing Turfgrass Pests, →ISBN, page 97:

(mycology, pathology) A disease affecting several varieties of grasses, including bentgrasses, annual bluegrass, some perennial ryegrass and Kentucky bluegrass, which results in the development of yellow or brown rings.


sulfamidase

Continuous secretion of hASA into the CSF of wild-type (C57BL/6J) mice was seen, and the levels were sustainable, similar to sustained secretion of sulfamidase in mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIA dogs 6 .

2015 August 18, Kohei Hironaka et al., “Enzyme replacement in the CSF to treat metachromatic leukodystrophy in mouse model using single intracerebroventricular injection of self-complementary AAV1 vector”, in Scientific Reports, volume 5, →DOI:

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyses the removal of sulfate groups from carbohydrates such as mucopolysaccharides


glycopyranosyl

Another synthetic lipid A derivative, glycopyranosyl lipid adjuvant (GLA) has been used in combination with squalene (SE, an oil-in-water emulsion), and shown to induce strong Th1-type responses, enhance antigen-specific responses and have a good safety profile [ 82 ].

2014 April 25, Deana N. Toussi, Paola Massari, “Immune Adjuvant Effect of Molecularly-defined Toll-Like Receptor Ligands”, in Vaccines, volume 2, →DOI:

(biochemistry, especially in combination) A univalent radical derived from a glycopyranose


glycopyranose

(biochemistry) The pyranose form of a glycose


trappin

This protein is encoded by a trappin gene family.

2015 March 25, Anna Skoczyńska et al., “New look at the role of progerin in skin aging”, in Przegla̜d Menopauzalny = Menopause Review, volume 14, →DOI:

(biochemistry, genetics) Any of a group of proteins having N-terminus linked to transglutaminase; the associated protein domain


RFX

regulatory factor X
regulatory factor X#English

(genetics, biochemistry) Abbreviation of regulatory factor X. (a gene and protein family)


disaggregase

Another small molecule, Hsp104,a protein disaggregase, can rapidly resolubilize denatured protein aggregates and restore function of proteins [ 94, 95 ].

2014 July 4, Zhe Long, Beisha Tang, Hong Jiang, “Alleviating neurodegeneration in Drosophila models of PolyQ diseases”, in Cerebellum & Ataxias, volume 1, →DOI:

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that breaks up protein aggregates


imipenemase

In addition to KPC, several other carbapenemases have been identified in the United States: New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM), oxacillinase (OXA), Verona integron–encoded metallo-β-lactamase (VIM), and imipenemase (IMP) ( 5, 6 ).

2015, Nora Chea et al., “Improved Phenotype-Based Definition for Identifying Carbapenemase Producers among Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae”, in Emerging Infectious Diseases, volume 21, →DOI:

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyses the breakdown of imipenem


senataxin

The apparent dominant inheritance pattern (pseudodominant) was the result of the unusual coincidence of both mother and daughter being compound heterozygotes for senataxin mutations.

2015 April 30, Laurence Newrick, Malcolm Taylor, Marios Hadjivassiliou, “Pseudodominant AOA2”, in Cerebellum & Ataxias, volume 2, →DOI:


overconfluence

However, because of cell crowding and overconfluence, we were unable to evaluate the morphological changes occurring in cells at the rear.

2015 September 2, Taro Mikami et al., “Inhibition of Rho-associated kinases disturbs the collective cell migration of stratified TE-10 cells”, in Biological Research, volume 48, →DOI:


preabdomen

preabdomen (plural preabdomens or preabdomina)

preabdomens (plural)
preabdomina (plural)

The anthomyiid oviscapt (postabdomen) is as regards the ground plan undoubtedly slender, well set off from and hardly shorter than the preabdomen, and has slender cerci with projecting, cylindrical apices.

2013, Verner Michelsen, “Proposal of Karliella gen. n. for the Afrotropical ‘Pegomya’ sexpunctata Karl, 1935 (Diptera: Anthomyiidae), a possible kleptoparasite of dung-breeding beetles”, in African Invertebrates, volume 54, number 2, →DOI, pages 335–347:

(entomology) The anterior segments of the abdomen, distinguished from the posterior segments holding the reproductive apparatus.


oxidative phosphorylation

oxidative phosphorylation (plural oxidative phosphorylations)

oxidative phosphorylations (plural)
OXPHOS (alternative)

(biochemistry) aerobic phosphorylation of cellular nutrients to release energy and reform ATP


cytome

Newly developed biomarkers (MNi: micronuclei; NPBs: nucleoplasmic bridges; NBUDs: nuclear buds) in the cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus cytome assay were used to detect chromosomal damage, showing that 1,3-butadiene exposed workers have increased frequencies of MNi and NPBs compared to control subjects.

2015 August 4, Alessandra Pulliero et al., “Genetic and Epigenetic Effects of Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens”, in BioMed Research International, volume 2015, →DOI:

(biology) All the cells of a particular organism together with their associated cellular processes


phosphorylceramide

phosphorylceramide (countable and uncountable, plural phosphorylceramides)

However, mutants csg2 Δ (Csg2 is required for mannosylation of inositol phosphorylceramide (IPC)), sur1 Δ (Sur1 encodes the Mannosylinositol phosphorylceramide (MIPC) synthase catalytic subunit) and cka2 Δ (Cka2 is involved in phosphorylation of ceramide synthase), although also involved in the synthesis of complex sphingolipids, did show levels of GS activity similar to that of the wild-type strain (Fig. 6 ).

2015 September 5, Raúl García et al., “Genomic profiling of fungal cell wall-interfering compounds: identification of a common gene signature”, in BMC Genomics, volume 16, →DOI:


alloplasm

alloplasm (countable and uncountable, plural alloplasms)

In Brassica, cytoplasmic male sterility has been reported in three alloplasms: (1) Raphanus cytoplasm combined with nuclear genomes of B. oleracea, B. napus (Bannerot et al. 1974; Roussetle and Renard 1978), and B. campestris (Williams and Heyn 1981) […]

1990 February 28, S. Prakash, “Male sterility caused by cytoplasm of Brassica oxyrrhina in B. campestris and B. juncea”, in Theoretical and Applied Genetics, volume 79, number 2, page 285:

(biology) Cytoplasm that has been modified to form cilia or flagella.


centrophilin

The target antigen is a 210-kDa centrophilin that is not only localized in the pericentrosomal region of mitotic cells but also present in interphase nuclear matrix ( 46 ).

2015 August 20, Edward K. L. Chan et al., “Report of the First International Consensus on Standardized Nomenclature of Antinuclear Antibody HEp-2 Cell Patterns 2014–2015”, in Frontiers in Immunology, volume 6, →DOI:

(biochemistry) A mitotic spindle protein involved in microtubule nucleation


chromomethylase

For the families DNMT2, DNMT3 and chromomethylase, these values are 65, 36–52%, and 53–60%, respectively, for both species.

2015 August 18, Clelia De-la-Peña et al., “The role of chromatin modifications in somatic embryogenesis in plants”, in Frontiers in Plant Science, volume 6, →DOI:

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyses the methylation of chromatin


coenospecies

Here, it may be suggested that, since DT- Taq I and K1K2- Taq I can distinguish the cytoplasm (maternal lineage) of wild brassicas (used in the present study), they may be used to assess natural hybridization processes within the Brassica coenospecies.

2015 August 10, Bharti Sarin et al., “Chloroplast DNA Variations in Wild Brassicas and Their Implication in Breeding and Population Genetics Studies”, in Scientifica, volume 2015, →DOI:

(biology) Either of a group of related species that are able to form (often fertile) hybrids


cryptopatch

Besides Peyer's patches and mesenteric lymph nodes, the immune system in the gut contains several other lymphoid structures: cryptopatches and isolated lymphoid follicles (ILFs).

2006, Reshma Taneja, Nuclear Receptors in Development, page 333:

(biology) A small aggregate of lymphoid cells found in the intestinal lamina propria.


haptoglobulin

However, the other markers of dehydration such as globulin and haptoglobulin were not in significantly higher quantities after the ride and remained stable.

2015 July 15, Margaux M. Luck et al., “Energetics of endurance exercise in young horses determined by nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomics”, in Frontiers in Physiology, volume 6, →DOI:


mictoplasm

In healthy sieve elements, gold particles were mainly found in the mictoplasm and in association with the membrane, whereas in the cell lumen they were significantly less abundant.

2015 August 19, Stefanie V. Buxa et al., “Phytoplasma infection in tomato is associated with re-organization of plasma membrane, ER stacks, and actin filaments in sieve elements”, in Frontiers in Plant Science, volume 6, →DOI:

(botany) Any phloem containing sieve cells.


monoubiquitinase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyses monoubiquitination


wetwood

Even though considerable data may show that a species in class 1 is not susceptible to wetwood formation, it may be important to continue looking for exceptions.

1980, J. C. Ward, Wetwood in trees: a timber resource problem, page 8:

(phytopathology) Wood with a darkened or wet appearance resulting from abnormally high water content or a bacterial infection.


slime flux

(phytopathology) An infection occurring in some tree species that causes a foul smelling fluid to ooze from infected wood and bark.


gynandrium

(botany) A combined male and female stamen structure.


gynostegium

(botany) An adnation of the stamens with the style and stigma, typically found in members of the family Apocynaceae.


archesporium

(botany) Any of the cells of the sporangium that give rise to spores.


transsialidase

transsialidases (plural)
transialidase (alternative)
trans-sialidase (alternative)

One of the earliest events of multiple modifications of LDL is a desialylation of lipoprotein glycoconjugates caused by the transsialidase circulating in the blood [ 15 ].

2015 June 9, Alexander N. Orekhov et al., “Development of Antiatherosclerotic Drugs on the basis of Natural Products Using Cell Model Approach”, in Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, volume 2015, →DOI:

(biochemistry) Any sialidase that operates between the surfaces of different cells


ULP

(biochemistry) Initialism of ubiquitin-like protein.


heteranthery

(botany) The property of some flowering plants to have different types of stamen within the same flower. Research suggests the different stamens perform different functions in the plant's pollination strategy.


protovirus

(biology) A DNA sequence capable of mutating into an oncogenic virus, proposed as a hypothesis to explain the origin of ribodeoxyviruses as arising from normal cellular components.


sink function

(ecology) An environment’s ability to absorb and render pollution harmless.


unkenreflex

Borrowed from German Unkenreflex, from Unke (“fire-bellied toad”) and Reflex (“reflex”).

Unkenreflex (alternative)
unken reflex (alternative)

(zoology) A defensive posture adopted by several branches of the amphibian class, including, but not exclusive to, salamanders, toads, and certain species of frogs.


distorsio

Distorsios, which also belong to this group, have many fierce-looking teeth and a smaller operculum.

1998, Jackie Leatherbury Douglass, Peterson First Guide to Shells of North America, page 26:

Common shells include frog-shells, distorsios, volutes, tulips, murex, cones, olives, marginellas, cowries, augers and the Florida horse conch, the state's official shell, which can grow up to 24in (6 1 cm) long.

2002, Don Philpott, Florida: Gulf Coast, page 16:

The Atlantic distorsio, Distorsio clathrata (Figure 3.27), lives on sandy bottoms from just beyond the surf zone to a depth of about 60 m.

2004, Susan B. Rothschild, Beachcomber's Guide to Gulf Coast Marine Life:

(zoology) A mollusk of the genus Distorsio, or its shell.


marginella

Smooth, shiny, brightly colored shells, marginellas are usually found in tropical and warm water.

2006, Jackie Leatherbury Douglass, Shells:

Marginellas have smooth, shiny shells with an elongate, narrow aperture three-quarters or more of the total shell length.

2008, George Branch, Two Oceans: A Guide to the Marine Life of Southern Africa, page 168:

(zoology) A mollusk of the genus Marginella, or its shell.


epiphallus

Hadrotettix and Heliastus lack pale streaks but possess trilobed epiphalli, which led me to look for other characteristics shared with the Hippiscus group.

1981, Daniel Otte, The North American Grasshoppers: Acrididae: Oedipodinae, page 92:

In some orthopterans, a plate adjacent to the genital complex.

Male genitalia strongly asymmetrical, partially concealed by sternum 9, comprised by basisclerite, paired epiphalli (left with titillator), and hypophallus; hook process (=L3 sclerite after MCKITTRICK 1964) missing (KLASS 1997).

2006, A.P. Rasnitsyn, History of Insects, page 274:

In some dictyopterans, a pair of valves adjacent to the phallus.

In mature Arion the atrium is divided into upper and lower atria, with the oviduct, spermatheca duct and epiphallus opening into the upper atrium.

2012, A. South, Terrestrial Slugs: Biology, ecology and control, page 110:

(malacology) In some gastropods, an enlargement of the vas deferens that continues beyond the apex of the penis.


pneumatode

From Ancient Greek πνεῦμα (pneûma) (breath) and ὁδός (hodós) (pathway)

(botany, histology) A group of cells with spiral secondary wall thickenings, present in a velamen; acts as an airway for gas exchange for respiration or photosynthesis

The roots of palms are characterised by pneumatodes on both underground and aerial roots. These have been supposed to ventilate the underground roots, but direct physiological evidence for this is lacking.

2015, R. H. V. Corley, P. B. H. Tinker, The Oil Palm, Wiley, →ISBN, page 144:

(botany, histology) A group of cells presumed to be specialised as an airway for ventilation of particular tissues.


etiolin

etiolin (usually uncountable, plural etiolins)

The formation of a yellow pigment in small grains in the cells of plant structures grown in the dark has long been recognised. The pigment was known to be soluble in alcohol and was called "etiolin" by Pringsheim (1874) because it occurred in etiolated structures.

1924, Katherine Hope Coward, “The lipochromes of etiolated wheat seedlings”, in Biochemical Journal, volume 18.5, page 1123:

(biochemistry, now rare) A yellow pigment in plants grown without sufficient light; a precursor of chlorophyll.


glycoprofile

Another factor diminishing this bias is the fragment presence threshold, which determines how populated a fragment should be within a taxon to be included in its glycoprofile and to produce a positive mark in the occurrence code.

2015 September 3, K.S. Egorova, A.N. Kondakova, Ph.V. Toukach, “Carbohydrate Structure Database: tools for statistical analysis of bacterial, plant and fungal glycomes”, in Database: The Journal of Biological Databases and Curation, volume 2015, →DOI:

(biochemistry) A representation of the glycome of an organism


mannodisaccharide

(biochemistry) Any disaccharide that contains a mannose moiety


megaloblastoid

After induction II per AAML1031 high risk arm bone marrow morphologic examination showed megaloblastoid maturation with 7% blasts; however, flow cytometric analysis revealed normal antigen expression on all myeloid precursors and absence of the abnormal promyelocytic population identified earlier.

2015 August 17, Kathleen Overholt et al., “Promyelocytic Leukemia with No Retinoic Acid Receptor Alpha Abnormality but with RUNX1T1 Insertion to Chromosome 7q: A Classification and Management Dilemma”, in Case Reports in Hematology, volume 2015, →DOI:

(cytology) Relating to, or characterised by megaloblasts.


miniprotein

(biochemistry) A small protein (or a large polypeptide), especially one that folds into a structure similar to that of a normal protein


scaffoldwide

We focused on sites at which the black lemur PWM score was in the 10% tail scaffoldwide and was log(10) greater than the blue-eyed black lemur PWM score, and where the blue-eyed black lemur allele was inferred to be derived ( Appendix S18, Supporting information).

2015 August 24, Wynn K Meyer et al., “Evolutionary history inferred from the de novo assembly of a nonmodel organism, the blue-eyed black lemur”, in Molecular Ecology, volume 24, →DOI:


asialogalactose

The difference in relative ECL signals between S1Fc (72%) and S2Fc (5%) is because S1Fc contains one terminal asialogalactose to which the ECL-NA complex binds compared with the absence of free terminal asialogalactose in S2Fc ( Fig.

2015, Karunya Srinivasan et al., “A Quantitative Microtiter Assay for Sialylated Glycoform Analyses Using Lectin Complexes”, in Journal of Biomolecular Screening, volume 20, →DOI:

(biochemistry) A galactose moiety from which a sialic acid residue has been removed.


fasciacyte

(cytology) A fibroblastic cell, of the fascia, thought to produce hyaluronic acid in response to pain


subcosmopolitan

Rosaceae is the 19th largest family and there are about hundred genera which are distributed from cosmopolitan to subcosmopolitan and diversified to northern hemisphere [ 2 ].

2015 August 19, Hafiz Majid Rasheed et al., “Chemical Composition and Vasorelaxant and Antispasmodic Effects of Essential Oil from Rosa indica L. Petals”, in Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine : eCAM, volume 2015, →DOI:

(biology, ecology, of a taxon) Not completely cosmopolitan


plastoholotype

(biology) An artificial mould or copy of a holotype specimen.


homeotype

(biology) A specimen identified as belonging to a certain taxon by an authority who compared it directly with a primary type specimen (usually the holotype).


ranaspumin

ranaspumin (countable and uncountable, plural ranaspumins)

(biochemistry) A surfactant protein found in the foam nests of tropical frogs.


biophysicochemical

(biology, chemistry) biophysical and biochemical


autoligation

autoligation (countable and uncountable, plural autoligations)

(biochemistry) autocatalysis of the ligation of an enzyme


PHO

potentially hazardous object
potentially hazardous object#English

(astronomy, ecology, geology) Abbreviation of potentially hazardous object.


isovaline

(biochemistry) The rare amino acid 2-amino-2-methylbutanoic acid that was found in the Murchison meteorite


Dutcher body

(microbiology) One of the periodic acid-Schiff reaction-positive nuclear inclusions, containing immunoglobulin, that are either invaginated into or overlying the nucleus.


Russell body

Named for William Russell (1852-1940), a Scottish physician.

endoplasmic reticulum
endoplasmic reticulum

(microbiology) A PAS+, eosinophilic, cytoplasmic immunoglobulin-containing inclusion consisting of distended endoplasmic reticulum, usually found in abnormal plasma cells.

Russell body
William Russell (physician)


Mott cell

(microbiology) An atypical plasma cell that has spherical inclusions filled with immunoglobulin (small Russell bodies) packed in its cytoplasm.


cyprinodontiform

From the taxonomic name of the order, Cyprinodontiformes.

(zoology) Any fish in the order Cyprinodontiformes.


exoglucosidase

(biochemistry) Any glucosidase enzyme that hydrolyses a terminal glucosidic bond


homolanthionine

homolanthionine (countable and uncountable, plural homolanthionines)

(biochemistry) An amino acid consisting of two homoalanine residues connected by a single sulfur atom


endohydrolysis

(biochemistry) The hydrolysis of a bond in the middle (rather than at the ends) of a biopolymer


mesothermy

(biology) The condition of being a mesotherm


halogenase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes a halogenation reaction


aminocyclohexitol

(biochemistry) An amino derivative of a cyclohexitol


cyclohexitol

(biochemistry) Any cyclic sugar alcohol having six carbon atoms


ketosynthase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of ketones, but especially that catalyzes the synthesis of polyketides


nonulosonic acid

nonulosonic acid (plural nonulosonic acids)

(biochemistry) Any of a group of acidic ketose derivatives, such as sialic acid, that have nine carbon atoms in the backbone


postfolding

(biochemistry, geology) Following folding (of proteins or terrain)


squamation

squamation (countable and uncountable, plural squamations)

A Palæoniscoid fish showing a condition of squamation almost identical with that of Polyodon.

The literature is poorly documented on the development of squamation in fishes other than teleosts except in the primitive actinopterygian fishes, the holosteans Lepisosteus and Amia.

2004, B.G. Kapoor, Bhavna Khanna, Ichthyology Handbook, →ISBN, page 63:

(zoology, uncountable) The condition or character of being covered with scales.

A fish from the Muschelkalk…has been made the type of the genus Prohalecites on account of peculiar features in its squamation.

1889, Henry Alleyne Nicholson, Richard Lydekker, A Manual of Palæontology, 3rd edition, volume II, page 987:

Eurynotus…still retains the palæoniscid squamation.

These series are found to have a considerable consistency within a subspecies, as well as constant differences between subspecies, so that squamation, or scale arrangement, is of the greatest importance in the classification of snakes.

1997, Laurence Monroe Klauber, Rattlesnakes: Their Habits, Life Histories, and Influence on Mankind, →ISBN:

(zoology, countable) A particular arrangement of scales; a special mode or form of squamation.


ZW system

(biology) A system for characterizing the sex of certain animals, such as butterflies and Komodo dragons, in which males have two of the same kind of sex cell (ZZ) and females have two distinct sex cells (ZW).


XY system

(biology) The system that determines the sex of humans, most other mammals, some insects (Drosophila), and some plants (Ginkgo), in which females have two of the same kind of sex cell (XX) and males have two distinct sex cells (XY).


klepton

kleptons (plural)
klepta (plural)
kl. (alternative)

From Ancient Greek κλέπτ(ης) (klépt(ēs), “thief”) + -on, after taxon.

der

Most kleptons are female, and some don’t use the genes of the male at all, merely deploying his sperm to stimulate the egg into development without fertilising it.

2018, Tim Flannery, Europe: A Natural History, page 157:

(biology) A species that requires input from another biological taxon (normally from a species which is closely related to the kleptonic species) to complete its reproductive cycle.

clépton

species that needs input from another taxon to reproduce


GSL

en-noun

GSL (countable and uncountable, plural GSLs)

(organic chemistry, biochemistry) Initialism of glucosinolate.

(biochemistry) Initialism of glycosphingolipid.


super class

(taxonomy) Alternative form of superclass


X0 system

(biology) The system that determines the sex of offspring among grasshoppers, crickets, cockroaches, and some other insects, in which females have two sex cells (XX) and males have only one sex cell (X0, or simply X; the 0 signifies the lack of another X).


cyanosulfidic

(biochemistry) Relating to, or metabolizing cyanide and sulfide, especially as hydrogen cyanide and hydrogen sulfide


clustersome

[…] led to identification of the putative replicational machinery which underlies the proposed “clustersome”. […] Consistent with this clustersome model, DNA polymerase alpha, primase and other replicative components have been found associated with isolated nuclear matrix […]

2012, P.-C. Cheng, T.H. Lin, W.L. Wu, Multidimensional Microscopy:


florivore

(biology) Any organism that consumes flowers as the main part of its diet


subdioecious

(botany, of a group of plants) Having most, but not all, individuals dioecious


fluoroglucose

(biochemistry) Synonym of fluorodeoxyglucose


nanodoubler

(cytology) An asymmetric nonlinear crystalline nanoparticle used to study the evolution of stem cells


deoxyfucose

(biochemistry) Any deoxy sugar derived from fucose, but especially 4-deoxyfucose


glycomutant

(biochemistry) A glycosylated mutation of an enzyme


heparitin

(biochemistry) A heteropolysaccharide similar to heparin but with some sulfate groups replaced by acetate


limiting factor

limiting factor (plural limiting factors)

(biology) A condition that limits the growth or abundance of a population of organisms in an ecosystem.


anosmatic

en-adj

anosmatic (comparative more anosmatic, superlative most anosmatic)

more anosmatic (comparative)
most anosmatic (superlative)

From French anosmatique (“anosmatic”), coined by French anthropologist, anatomist and physician Pierre Paul Broca (1824–1880) in Revue d’Anthropologie (2nd Series), volume II, page 398); analysable as an- + osmatic.

(zoology) Lacking olfactory organs, and so having no sense of smell; anosmic.


oligoelectrolyte

(biochemistry) An oligomeric electrolyte


mafia hypothesis

(biology) A hypothesis attempting to explain why most hosts of brood parasites care for the parasite's nestlings. Since the host's nest is attacked if the parasite's egg is detected and rejected, this indirectly enhances selective pressures favouring aggressive parasite behaviour that may result in positive feedback between mafia-like parasites and compliant hosts.


sporabola

Blend of spore + parabola, coined by Buller (1909).

(mycology) The trajectory of a basidiospore after it is discharged from a sterigma.


mannuronate

(biochemistry) Any salt or ester of mannuronic acid


furanosyl

(biochemistry) Any univalent radical derived from a furanose


arabinofuranosyl

(biochemistry, especially in combination) Any univalent radical derived from an arabinofuranose


arabinofuranosyladenine

en-noun

arabinofuranosyladenine (countable and uncountable, plural arabinofuranosyladenines)

(biochemistry) Any arabinofuranosyl derivative of adenine


astexin

(biochemistry) Any of a family of heat-sensitive lasso peptides


lasso peptide

lasso peptides (plural)
lassopeptide (alternative)

(biochemistry) Any of a large group of macrocyclic peptides whose structure resembles a knotted lasso


peptidogenomics

(biochemistry) The genomics of peptides and related biomolecules


sialoside

(biochemistry) Any glycoside of sialic acid


sialyllactose

sialyllactose (countable and uncountable, plural sialyllactoses)

(biochemistry) An oligosaccharide of sialic acid and lactose


streptomonomicin

(biochemistry) A particular lasso peptide, found in a halophilic actinomycete, that has antibiotic activity


bioelement

(biochemistry) Any chemical element that is found naturally in living organisms


glycogenin

(biochemistry) An enzyme that initiates the conversion of glucose to glycogen


mycogenomics

(biology, genetics) The genomics of fungi


quadrinate

(botany) Having four divisions or leaflets.


(biochemistry) The α (alpha) component of various integrins, especially ones in which the β (beta) component is CD18 (i.e. β2) and which mediate leukocyte adhesion.


alphalytic

(biochemistry, of an enzyme) That hydrolyses a peptide at the alpha position


oxysome

(biology) One of the small round bodies found in the folds of the cristae in the inner mitochondrial membrane, and involved in ATP synthesis.


flavoglobin

(biochemistry) Any flavoprotein that is a globin


flavohemoglobin

(biochemistry) A flavoprotein related to hemoglobin


glycopolypeptide

(biochemistry) any compound of a carbohydrate and a polypeptide


retroposable

(genetics) Able to undergo retroposition


MAG

myelin-associated glycoprotein
myelin-associated glycoprotein#English

(biochemistry) Acronym of myelin-associated glycoprotein.

myelin associated glycoprotein
myelin associated glycoprotein

(genetics) A gene which encodes for myelin associated glycoprotein


cubilin

From CUB domain (protein domain) + -il- (probably arbitrary) + -in (“protein”).

af

(biochemistry) A protein that plays a role in vitamin B₁₂ absorption.


osmoprotection

After receptor binding the toxin inserts into the plasma membrane creating a pore of about 1-2 nm in diameter, as estimated by osmoprotection experiments (Knowles and Ellar, 1987).

1996, Mike J. Lehane, Biology of the Insect Midgut, page 361:

(biology) The mechanism by which the cells of an organism protect themselves against osmotic stress.


pancellular

(biology) Affecting or relating to all cells.


carpelloid

en-adj

carpelloid (comparative more carpelloid, superlative most carpelloid)

more carpelloid (comparative)
most carpelloid (superlative)


carpeloid

carpeloid (comparative more carpeloid, superlative most carpeloid)

more carpeloid (comparative)
most carpeloid (superlative)


staminoid

staminoid (comparative more staminoid, superlative most staminoid)

more staminoid (comparative)
most staminoid (superlative)


varicella zoster virus

en-noun

varicella zoster virus (plural varicella zoster viruses)

Human alphaherpesvirus 3
Human alphaherpesvirus 3#Translingual

(virology) Human alphaherpesvirus 3, the infectious agent that causes chickenpox (varicella) and shingles.


rhynchonelliform

(zoology) Belonging to relating to the Rhynchonelliformea.


rhynchonelliform

(zoology) Any member of the Rhynchonelliformea.


inerm

The cirrus is inerm and slender, measuring 0.1 mm. in length and 0.02 mm. in diameter.

1926, South Africa. Dept. of Agriculture. Division of Veterinary Research, Report (volumes 11-12, page 79)

(botany) Without spines or thorns; inermous.


isopodan

(zoology) Of or relating to the isopods.


B cell coreceptor complex
B cell coreceptor complex

(biochemistry) B-cell and FDC membrane protein involved in the complement system and B cell coreceptor complex, and bound by EBV.


EBV

EBV (countable and uncountable, plural EBVs)

Epstein-Barr virus
Epstein-Barr virus#English

(virology) Initialism of Epstein-Barr virus.


bitscore

bitscores (plural)
bit-score (alternative)
bit score (alternative)

(bioinformatics) A normalised numerical score used to determine the similarity of two lists.


dedoubling

(genetics) The removal of segmental duplication in genomes


Fc receptor

from its binding specificity for the constant part of antibodies known as the fragment crystallizable (Fc) region.

(biochemistry) a protein found on the surface of certain immune and blood cells that binds to antibodies attached to infected cells or invading pathogens, enabling antibody-mediated phagocytosis or antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC)


aneuploidization

(genetics) Modification of an organism such that it becomes aneuploid


chaperome

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-chaperome.wav

From chaperone + -ome (suffix indicating the complete whole of a class of substances for a species or an individual), coined by American biochemist Xiaodong Wang and his collaborators in a November 2006 article in Cell: see the quotation.

suffix

The availability of chaperones and cochaperones for folding of cargo will be sensitive to the globalcellular pool that we now define as the chaperome, a general term to define the unique steady-state composition of chaperones and their regulators in a given cell type. It is well established that the chaperome can be altered by multiple signaling pathways to accommodate cellular stress and misfolding load.

2006 November 17, Xiaodong Wang et al., “Hsp90 Cochaperone Aha1 Downregulation Rescues Misfolding of CFTR in Cystic Fibrosis”, in Cell, volume 127, number 4, Cambridge, Mass.: Cell Press, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2020-08-29, page 813, column 1:

To date data exist to describe the organ-specific distribution and function of many chaperones, but less is known about their cell-type specificity and how this changes in response to different stressors. A systems view on the entire "chaperome" would be essential to understand chaperone function under basal and stress conditions.

2011, Andreas Wyttenbach, Shmma Quraishe, Joanne Bailey, Vincent O’Connor, “Molecular Chaperones in the Mammalian Brain: Regional Distribution, Cellular Compartmentalization and Synaptic Interactions”, in Andreas Wyttenbach, Vincent O’Connor, editors, Folding for the Synapse, New York, N.Y., Dordrecht: Springer, →DOI, →ISBN, part III (Chaperone Modalities and Homeostatic Mechanisms in the Synaptic Compartment), page 124:

The nature of the epichaperome, therefore, which presents as stable, multi-partner complexes affected by strong interactions as opposed to other cellular forms of chaperomes present in dynamic complexes of weak interactions, provide opportunities for its detection through small molecules [...].

2020, Swathi Merugu et al., “Chemical Probes and Methods for Single-cell Detection and Quantification of Epichaperones in Hematologic Malignancies”, in David M. Chenoweth, editor, Chemical Tools for Imaging, Manipulating, and Tracking Biological Systems: Diverse Methods for Optical Imaging and Conjugation (Methods in Enzymology; 639), Cambridge, Mass., San Diego, Calif.: Academic Press, →ISBN, →ISSN, section 2.4 (Epichaperome Probes), page 294:

In another study, Brehme et al. have examined the chaperome in C. elegans and human. They find that chaperome expression is dramatically affected in human brain aging. At the same time, chaperome dynamics are associated with aging and neurodegenerative diseases.

2020, Kun Wang, Yu Shang, Fei Dou, “Brain Aging: Hsp90 and Neurodegenerative Diseases”, in Zhao Wang, editor, Aging and Aging-related Diseases: Mechanisms and Interventions (Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology; 1086), Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, →DOI, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 96:

Redundancy in the chaperome networks is evidenced in a number of large-scale investigations where individual chaperomes were either genetically deleted or pharmacologically inhibited.

2020, Pengrong Yan, Tai Wang, Monica L. Guzman, Radu I. Peter, Gabriela Chiosis, “Chaperome Networks – Redundancy and Implications for Cancer Treatment”, in Marc Laurence Mendillo, David Pincus, Ruth Scherz-Shouval, editors, HSF1 and Molecular Chaperones in Biology and Cancer (Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology; 1243), Cham, Switzerland: Springer Nature, →DOI, →ISBN, →ISSN, part II (Function), section 6.3 (Chaperome Network Redundancy), page 90, column 2:

(biochemistry) All the proteins called chaperones that assist in the folding of misfolded proteins in an organism, and other functions.


hemophore

(biochemistry) Any material that transports heme across a cell membrane


pantetheinase

(biochemistry) Any pantetheine hydrolase


hyperphoresy

2011, L. T. Sabagh, R. J. P. Dias, C. W. Branco, C. F. D. Rocha, New records of phoresy and hyperphoresy among treefrogs, ostracods, and ciliates in bromeliad of Atlantic forest, in Biodivers. Conserv. 20, 1837–1841

Hyperphoresy, when one organism is being transported by another that is also in the process of being transported, is extremely rare in the fossil record but does occur (Fig. 203).

2014, David Penney, James E Jepson, Fossil Insects: An introduction to palaeoentomology, →ISBN, page 168:

(biology, entomology) The situation of one organism carrying another organism, which is itself carrying a third organism, due to phoresy.


trophophoretic

From trophophoresy + -etic or tropho- + phoretic.

This latter form of trophobiosis has been termed trophophoresy (LaPolla et al. 2002). Only two ant genera are known to contain trophophoretic species: Acropyga (Formicinae), in which all 37 species are thought to be trophophoretic, and [...]

2006, Insect Systematics & Evolution, page 198:

In the Solomons, A. lauta is reported as being trophophoretic (Johnson et al., 2001), and has been associated with the mealybugs Eumyrmoccus kolobangarae and E. kusiacus (LaPolla, 2004).

2012, Eli M. Sarnat, Evan P. Economo, The Ants of Fiji, →ISBN, page 43:

(biology, entomology) Exhibiting trophophoresy.


trophophoresy

From tropho- + phoresy. Coined by John S. LaPolla in 2002.

The mealybug-tending ant A. epedana is an obligate coccidiphile with trophophoretic queens. Trophophoresy is defined as the behavior of a foundress queen transporting a trophobiont on her mating flight for the establishment of a new mealybug "herd" in her new colony.

2002 December 28, “Natural History of the Mealybug-Tending Ant, Acropyga epedana, with Descriptions of the Male and Queen Castes”, in Transactions of the American Entomological Society, volume 128, number 4, page 367:

Acropyga spp. ants show obligate trophophoresy with mealybugs, in which newly mated queens carry a mealybug with them when founding new colonies.

2007, M. J. Wade, “The co-evolutionary genetics of ecological communities”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name), Nature Reviews Genetics:

All insect fungus gardeners propagate their primary fungi as clonal monocultures within their nests and mostly across generations too (trophophoresy from parent to offspring in the ants and the beetles).

2007, P. H. W. Biedermann, Social behaviour in sib mating fungus farmers:

(biology, entomology) A form of trophobiosis in which one creature carries another creature to another location to farm it (harvest food from it, often after feeding it) there.


hyperphoretic

From hyperphoresy + -etic or hyper- + phoretic.

(biology, entomology) Exhibiting hyperphoresy.


holobasidium

(mycology) A nonseptate unicellular basidium


roundleaf

(botany, in the names of plants) Having round leaves.


hypobasidium

(mycology) the cell at the base of a basidium


epibasidium

(mycology) long and usually tapered outgrowths at the top of a basidium, bearing basidiospores


bioprecursor

(biochemistry) The precursor of a biochemical compound, especially when the basis of a prodrug


quercoid

en-adj

quercoid (comparative more quercoid, superlative most quercoid)

more quercoid (comparative)
most quercoid (superlative)

(botany) Resembling or characteristic of an oak.


sneaker male

(biology) A male that pretends to be a female in order to get close to a female for mating.


merosporangium

(mycology) A cylindrical sporangiolum found in zygomycetes.


rhamnosylglucoside

(biochemistry) Any glucoside that also contains rhamnosyl residues


rhamnosylglycoside

(biochemistry) Any glycoside that contains rhamnosyl residues


archimollusc

(biology) A hypothetical primitive mollusc representing the MRCA of the Mollusca.


Bruce effect

(zoology) The tendency for female rodents to terminate their pregnancies following exposure to the scent of an unfamiliar male.


argifin

(biochemistry) A cyclopentapeptide, produced by species of genus Gliocephalis (syn. Gliocladium), that inhibits chitinases.


desosamine

(biochemistry) The amino sugar 3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-D-xylo-hexose that is a component of some macrolide antibiotics


edeine

(biochemistry) A polypeptide antibiotic, produced by Brevibacillus brevis (syn. Bacillus brevis), that inhibits initiation of polyphenylalanine


ataxophragmiid

(zoology) Any any of the foraminifers in the family Ataxophragmiidae.


spiroplectamminid

(zoology) Any foram in the family Spiroplectamminidae.


lituolid

(zoology) Any foraminifer in the family Lituolidae.


hormosinid

(zoology) Any foraminifer in the family Hormosinidae.


trochamminid

(zoology) Any foram in the family Trochamminidae.


holocarboxylase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyses multiple carboxylation or decarboxylation reactions, especially those involving biotin


neocasomorphin

(biochemistry) A newly-discovered form of the peptide casomorphin


systylious

(botany) In which the operculum remains attached to the columella after dehiscence.


fundatrix

(zoology) A female aphid hatched in the spring from an overwintering egg.


virginopara

(zoology) An aphid produced by parthenogenesis, identical in genotype to its mother.


virginoparous

(zoology) Being or relating to a virginopara.


biotemperature

(biology) The mean value of daily mean temperature above 0°C, divided by 365.


idioadaptive

(biology) Describing the evolution of an organism that does not give rise to a different species


muricacean

From Myricacea ("superfamily of gastropods"), (ultimately from Murex) + -an.

(zoology) Any member of the superfamily Muricacea (accepter name: Muricoidea).


muricacean

a muricacean gastropod

(zoology) Of or relating to the superfamily Myricacea of gastropods.


japalura

(zoology) Any lizard of the genus Japalura.


organify

en-verb

organify (third-person singular simple present organifies, present participle organifying, simple past and past participle organified)

organifies (present singular third-person)
organifying (participle present)
organified (participle past)
organified (past)

Thyroid cells, in contrast to other cells, have the capability to organify iodine, which increases the time radioiodine can deposit energy.

2008, Kevin J. Harrington, Richard G. Vile, Hardev S. Pandha, Viral Therapy of Cancer, page 336:

(biology, transitive) To stabilize (a material) within an organ.


mimoseous

en-adj

mimoseous (comparative more mimoseous, superlative most mimoseous)

more mimoseous (comparative)
most mimoseous (superlative)

(botany, archaic) Resembling the mimosa plant.


-ptile

Representing the Ancient Greek πτῐ́λον (ptĭ́lon, “feather”, “down”; “leaf”); in the botanical sense denoting leaves, probably after the French -ptile. Compare ptilo-.

der

coleoptile, endoptile, exoptile

(botany, forming adjectives and nouns) type of leaf

neossoptile, teleoptile, trichoptile

(ornithology, forming nouns) type of plumage


ptilocerque

The Ptilocerque, which is an inhabitant of Borneo and Sarawak, is between five and six inches long, with a tail rather longer than the body.

1890, Grace Townsend, Friend and Foe from Field and Forest: A Natural History of the Mammalia:

pen-tailed treeshrew
pen-tailed treeshrew#English

(zoology, obsolete, rare) Synonym of pen-tailed treeshrew


bisintercalator

(organic chemistry, biochemistry) Any compound that binds to DNA via two intercalating groups.


LYST

lysosomal trafficking regulator
lysosomal trafficking regulator

Chédiak-Higashi syndrome
Chédiak-Higashi syndrome

(genetics) A gene encoding the vesicular transport protein lysosomal trafficking regulator, which is associated with the Chédiak-Higashi syndrome.


teretiform

en-adj

teretiform (comparative more teretiform, superlative most teretiform)

more teretiform (comparative)
most teretiform (superlative)

Isidia numerous and dense to rather sparse, superficial (also marginal), concolorous with thallus or darker, squamiform (entire or a little incised) or some more teretiform, when young ± globular (often they grow out still remaining on thallus, forming small accessory lobules as in C. crispum, see Degelius 1954 pp. 38, 284).

1972, Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis: Symbolae botanicae Upsalienses:

The phyllocladia are granulose, squamulose, yerrucose, Subfoliose or cylindrical teretiform in the different species, and are corticated, with photobiont stratum below cortex (Fig. 3.6). The teretiform phyllocladia have almost the same morphology as that of a branch of pseudopodetium.

2000, Dharani Dhar Awasthi, A Hand Book Of Lichens, page 28:


slimeway

(mycology) The track of slime connecting the spindle cells of certain slime moulds, composed of extracellular matrix.


spindle cell

(mycology) An amoeboid cell in a slime net.


Spitzenkorper

Borrowed from German Spitzenkörper, from Spitze (“point”) + Körper (“body”).

(mycology) A region at the apex of the hyphae in certain fungi, which is refractive.


HTP

en-noun

HTP (countable and uncountable, plural HTPs)

(biochemistry) Initialism of hydroxytryptophan.


Whitten effect

Observed by Wesley K. Whitten in the mid-20th century.

(biology) The situation where male pheromones stimulate synchronous estrus in a female population.


Coolidge effect

Coolidge effect (plural Coolidge effects)

First used in a 1955 publication by behavioral endocrinologist Frank A. Beach, to whom it was suggested by a student, in reference to a joke about US president Calvin Coolidge and sexual promiscuity.

(biology, psychology) A phenomenon in animal species whereby males (and to a lesser extent females) exhibit renewed sexual interest if introduced to new receptive sexual partners, even after cessation of sex with prior but still available sexual partners.


kinetofragminophoran

(zoology) Belonging to the Kinetofragminophora.


kinetofragminophoran

(zoology) Any member of the Kinetofragminophora.


iridoplast

(biology) Any of the epidermal chloroplasts of certain plants that contain tiny regular structures that focus light


Lee-Boot effect

Lee-Boot effect (plural Lee-Boot effects)

Described in a 1956 paper by S. van der Lee and L. M. Boot.

(biology) A phenomenon concerning the suppression or prolongation of estrous cycles of mature female mice (and other rodents), when females are housed in groups and isolated from males.


KSHV

(virology, oncology) Initialism of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus.


homopeptide

(biochemistry) A peptide containing multiple occurrences of a single amino acid moiety


fourspine

the fourspine cichlid

the fourspine sculpin

the fourspine stickleback

(zoology) Having four spines; used in the names of species.


clavation

clavation (countable and uncountable, plural clavations)

the clavation of the antennae

(biology) A becoming clavate or club-like.


piezosphere

(ecology) The deep-sea environment inhabited by piezophiles


protobiology

(biology) The study of very small biological structures, such as ultraviruses and bacteriophages


amyloid beta

amyloid-beta (alternative)
amiloid-beta (alternative)

(biochemistry) The class of peptides of 36–43 amino acids that are crucially involved in Alzheimer's disease as the main component of the amyloid plaques found in the brains of Alzheimer patients.


amyloid-beta

(biochemistry) Alternative form of amyloid beta


coprozoic

(zoology) Capable of living in deposits of feces.


psicopyranose

(biochemistry) The pyranose form of psicose


lysosomotropism

Lysosomotropism refers to the propensity of any molecule to specifically and significantly associate with lysosomes; however, it is important to note that this term does not imply a mechanism for the observed compartmentalization.

2009 November 28, Stephen DB Goldman, “Mechanisms of amine accumulation in, and egress from, lysosomes”, in Bioanalysis, volume 1, number 1, page 1445:

(biochemistry) The propensity of any molecule to specifically and significantly associate with lysosomes.


karyosomal

en-adj

karyosomal (comparative more karyosomal, superlative most karyosomal)

more karyosomal (comparative)
most karyosomal (superlative)

(cytology) Of, or related to karyosomes.


virocell

(biology, virology, pathology) Any cell, infected by a virus, whose primary function is to produce virions


calathea

Even the plants look expensive. A humidifier hisses beneath her calatheas.

2023, R. F. Kuang, Yellowface, The Borough Press, page 11:

(botany) Any of the genus Calathea of plants belonging to the family Marantaceae.


cambiform

cambiform (comparative more cambiform, superlative most cambiform)

more cambiform (comparative)
most cambiform (superlative)

(botany) Resembling the cells of the cambium.


carpogonium

carpogonia (plural)
carpogone (alternative)

(biology) The female organ in the red algae (Rhodophyta), having an elongated process which is the receptive organ for the male gametes


ceresine

There were also additional mesquite trees up top, off which I again beat a single Agrilus sp. along with a few other things, notably a series of ceresine treehoppers.

2022 May 14, Ted C. MacRae, Cupressaceae:

(entomology) Related to treehoppers of the tribe Ceresini.


chalonic

(biochemistry) Relating to the chalones.


bicolpate

(botany, palynology, of a pollen) Having two grooves, or colpi, on each grain.


RNA expression profile

en-noun

RNA expression profile (plural RNA expression profiles)

(genetics) A diagram that shows the differing levels of gene expression of a particular gene / protein) in different parts of an organism


GERP score

(genetics) A genomic evolutionary rate profiling score that measures the evolutionary conservation of a particular genetic sequence across a species.


enhancer RNA

(genetics) A short form of non-coding RNA transcribed from an enhancer region of DNA


matrix diagram

(genetics) A triangular diagram that shows the pairwise correlation of gene expression in a specific condition


chromosome conformation capture

chromosome conformation capture (plural chromosome conformation captures)

chromosome conformation captures (plural)

(genetics) A set of molecular biology methods used to analyze the spatial organization of chromatin in a cell


poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation

poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (usually uncountable, plural poly(ADP-ribosyl)ations)

polyation (canonical)
poly(ADP-ribosyl)ations (plural)
poly ADP-ribosylation (alternative)

(biochemistry, genetics) The transfer of multiple ADP-ribose molecules to a target protein


ADP-ribose

adenosine diphosphate
adenosine diphosphate

(biochemistry) A phosphate ester of ribose and adenosine diphosphate


RNA polymerase

(genetics, biochemistry) An enzyme that is involved in the transcription of RNA.

RNA-polymeraasi

enzyme involved in the transcription of RNA


epoxycarotenoid

(organic chemistry, biochemistry) Any epoxy derivative of a carotenoid, especially one involved in the biosynthesis of abscisic acid


synurbization

(ecology) The adaptation of an organism to live predominantly in an urban ecosystem


filariid

(zoology) Any member of the family Filariidae of worms.


anhydroglucose

(biochemistry) The moiety, in a polysaccharide such as cellulose, consisting of a glucose molecule that has lost the elements of water (actually a -H and an -OH group)


arabino

(biochemistry) A univalent radical derived from arabinose


tragule

(zoology, obsolete) A chevrotain (genus Tragulus).


traguline

(zoology) Belonging to the infraorder Tragulina.


autohaemorrhaging

(zoology) The action of an animal (such as certain beetles and lizards) that deliberately ejects haemolymph or blood from its body as a defense mechanism.


trollius

(botany) Any of the genus Trollius of mostly herbaceous perennial plants in the family Ranunculaceae.


subursine

a subursine plantigrade

(zoology, rare) Not perfectly ursine; only somewhat like a bear.


syncarpy

(botany) The quality of being syncarpous


halogeton

(botany) Any plant of the genus Halogeton in the family Amaranthaceae.


monocarpellate

Early Aptian Torres Vedras mesofossil flora includes several small monocarpellate, usually uniovulate, fruiting units.

2011, Else Marie Friis, Early Flowers and Angiosperm Evolution, page 409:


heterokaryosis

(biology) The condition of being a heterokaryon.


ectoplast

(cytology) The ectoplasmic content of a cell.


oxytrope

From translingual Oxytropis, from Ancient Greek ὀξύς (oxús, “sharp, pointy”) + τρόπις (trópis, “keel”).


bienzymatic

(biochemistry) Relating to, or using, two enzymes


negative eugenics

(biology) The applied science of avoiding the reproduction of members of an animal species with inferior genetics.

(biology, sociology) A social philosophy which advocates for human enhancement by discouraging those with inferior genetics from reproducing.


counterstrand

(genetics) The strand of a nucleic acid that is joined to a particular strand


cyclogenase

(biochemistry) Any of a class of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthases


fluorodisaccharide

(biochemistry) Any fluoro derivative of a disaccharide


Cas

(genetics) Acronym of CRISPR-associated.


Taq polymerase

From the thermophilic bacterium Thermus aquaticus.

Another use of Taq polymerase is directly in DNA sequencing, where the high temperatures employed help reduce problems caused by secondary structure in the template and allow an increase in the stringency of primers used. Taq polymerase has, for the reasons mentioned earlier, become a very important tool for the molecular biologist.

2009, A.N. Shukla, Industrial Enzymology, →ISBN, page 237:

Taq polymerase lacks a proofreading activity and as a result is unable to correct its errors.

2010, Terry Brown, Gene Cloning and DNA Analysis: An Introduction, →ISBN, page 157:

If a PCR is performed with Taq polymerase and with 10,000 template molecules, producing a product that is 1000 bp long, 1% of the newly generated fragments will have a mutation in the first cycle.

2010, Cornel Mulhardt, Molecular Biology and Genomics, →ISBN, page 73:

(biochemistry) A thermostable DNA polymerase known for its relatively high rate of transcription errors.


Bruton's tyrosine kinase

(biochemistry) A tyrosine-protein kinase that has a role in the development of B cells

Ogden Bruton
en:Bruton's tyrosine kinase


sthenurine

(zoology) Characteristic of the extinct kangaroo subfamily †Sthenurinae.


-nema

From Ancient Greek νῆμᾰ (nêmă, “thread”). Compare nemat-.

(chiefly biology) Characteristic of, pertaining to, or possessing a filiform structure.


velocitization

en-noun

velocitization (countable and uncountable, plural velocitizations)

A single gradient (part B) usually will suffice, although to obtain maximum purity (e.g., for use as a probe), a velocitization step (part D) and a second CsCl-PI gradient (part E) are added. The velocitization differs from equilibrium gradients in that molecules are pelleted at a rate proportional to their size and largeley independent of conformation.

1996, David M. Hillis, Craig Moritz, Barbara K. Mable, Molecular Systematics, page 283:

For most enzymatic manipulations, including restriction endonuclease digestion, end-labelling, nick translation, or primer extension labelling (random priming), it is usually not necessary to perform the velocitization and final gradient steps.

1998, A. Rus Hoelzel, Molecular Genetic Analysis of Populations: A Practical Approach, →ISBN:

A velocitization is sometimes used between two density-gradient ultracentrifugations to [19] mitochondrial genomics 317.

2005, Molecular Evolution, Producing the Biochemical Data, →ISBN:

(microbiology) The process of subjecting a sample to extreme speeds


koinophilia

Ancient Greek κοινός (koinós, “common, general”), and -philia.

uder

(biology) An evolutionary hypothesis proposing that, during sexual selection, animals preferentially seek mates with a minimum of unusual or mutant features.


rosetted

a rosetted cell


sublocus

Holonyms: locus < subband < band < region

(biology) A locus within a locus, such as araB, araA, araD within locus ara.


cortexillin

en-noun

cortexillin (countable and uncountable, plural cortexillins)

Here, we examined the arrangement and orientation of two rod-like coiled-coil proteins, cortexillin and tropomyosin, around patterned gold nanostructures.

2015, Jae-Byum Chang, Yong Ho Kim, Evan Thompson, Young Hyun No, Nam Hyeong Kim, Jose Arrieta, Vitor R. Manfrinato, Amy E. Keating, Karl K. Berggren, “Single-molecule study on the orientation of coiled-coil proteins attached to gold nanostructures”, in arXiv:

(biochemistry) A coiled-coil protein found in Dictyostelium cells


pantropic

(biology) Relating to, or affecting many types of tissue


r/K selection theory

(ecology) A theory regarding the selection of combinations of traits in an organism that represent a trade-off between quantity and quality of offspring.


agamospermous

en-adj

agamospermous (comparative more agamospermous, superlative most agamospermous)

more agamospermous (comparative)
most agamospermous (superlative)


supercharacter

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The combination of characters contributing to the supercharacter need not be logically or genetically related.

1986, Behavior genetics - Volume 16, page 206:

Winter hardiness of plants is not a simple character, rather a supercharacter composed of several components whose impact will vary with the climatic conditions.

2012, O.A. Rognli, E.T. Solberg, I. Schjelderup, Breeding Fodder Crops for Marginal Conditions, →ISBN:

Under natural selection the supercharacter must equate with fitness of the phenotype in a particular environment; where fitness is defined in the Darwinian sense of the capacity to survive and leave offspring.

2012, M.D. Hayward, N.O. Bosemark, T. Romagosa, Plant Breeding: Principles and prospects, →ISBN, page 18:

These, together with yield, may be taken as components of a supercharacter which is itself the overall merit of the plant.

2013, Kenneth Mather, John L. Jinks, Biometrical Genetics: The Study of Continuous Variation, →ISBN, page 47:

(genetics) An amalgamation of characters that respond to the same selective pressure.


biostimulator

From bio- + stimulator or biostimulate + -or.


menk

Borrowed from Mansi (compare Northern Mansi менкв (menkv)).

This figure is called menk in Ob-Ugrian folklore and ritual.

1996, Anthropology & Archeology of Eurasia, page 79:

Although doors were jammed shut, the menk burst in with huge birch masks covered with hair made of hay.

1999, Marjorie Mandelstam Balzer, The Tenacity of Ethnicity: A Siberian Saga in Global Perspective:

A new documentary, “Russian Yeti: The Killer Lives” airing June 1 on the Discovery Channel explores the remote possibility that a “menk” — the Russian^([sic – meaning Mansi]) word for Yeti — may have been responsible.

2014, “Mysterious Deaths Of College Students Blamed On ‘Russian Yeti’”, in Huffington Post:

(Russia, cryptozoology, folklore) An animal described by the Mansi as a "forest giant", with anatomical features similar to a yeti, said to live in the area of Khantia-Mansia, Russia.


buteonine

(ornithology) Any bird in the accipitrid subfamily Buteoninae


logseries

probability distribution
probability distribution

(statistics, biology) A class of continuous probability distributions developed in 1943 by the English statistician and biologist Ronald Fisher to fit some particular species distribution data sets.


Cowdry body

(biology) An eosinophilic nuclear inclusion composed of nucleic acid and protein, seen in cells infected with Herpes simplex virus, Varicella-zoster virus, and Cytomegalovirus.


brunfelsia

(botany) Any of the plants of the genus Brunfelsia.


seminule

Seminules appear to differ only from seeds by their minuteness. […] The seminules of cryptogamous plants are produced in ovaries to which stigmas are attached; but those of agamous plants are contained in a sort of ovary, to which no stigma being attached, they are disginguished by the peculiar name of conceptacles, either loose, or, as in some plants, in small cases called elytræ, the conceptacle itself then performing the office of an involucrum.

1819, The London Medical Repository, volume 11, page 289:

Germination of its seminule, as observed by Hedwig, very much magnified; showing the seminule throwing out a radicle, and a succulent thread, considered as a cotyledon, which appears to be jointed, and having nipples which elongate into branches.

1821, A Natural Arrangement of British Plants, page 270:

It was generally believed, before the experiments made by M. Kuhn, but without any foundation, and upon simple conjecture, that the seminules or spores of the ustilagoes and uredoes of the cereals penetrate by the radicles of the plant in order to arrive, creeping by degrees, to the leaves and seeds of those vegetables.

(botany, obsolete) A very small seed or spore.


endomycetous

Ascodesmis is a third type which might be derived either directly or through the erysiphaceous type from an endomycetous ancestor; the antheridium and oogonium are but little differentiated, but the latter is furnished with a trichogyne and becomes septate after fertilization; the ascogenous hyphae are few and the sheath simple.

2010, Helen Gwynne-Vaughan, Fungi: Ascomycetes, Ustilaginales, Uredinales, page 54:

(mycology) Belong to the Endomycetales (now Saccharomycetales) order of fungi.


pseudoalignment

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In particular, we show that the recent idea of pseudoalignment introduced in the RNA-Seq context is suitable in the metagenomics setting.

2015, Lorian Schaeffer, Harold Pimentel, Nicolas Bray, Páll Melsted, Lior Pachter, “Pseudoalignment for metagenomic read assignment”, in arXiv:

(genetics) A quick method of alignment (of genomic reads) using secondary information


North American wood ape

en-noun

North American wood ape (plural North American wood apes)

(cryptozoology) A large hairy apelike, though upright walking, creature of North America; a Bigfoot.


citrus black spot

(phytopathology) A disease of citrus plants caused by the Guignardia citricarpa fungus.


Monday morning disease

From the fact that this disease is triggered by excessive exercise after long periods of rest, e.g. on a Monday morning.

equine rhabdomyelosis
equine rhabdomyelosis#English

(veterinary medicine) Synonym of equine rhabdomyelosis


critical period

critical period (plural critical periods)

(psychology, biology) A maturational stage in the lifespan of an organism during which the nervous system is especially sensitive to certain environmental stimuli.


thelastomatid

Representatives of the Mermithidae are the most common nematode parasites of tettigoniids, however spirurids and more rarely, subulurids and thelastomatids, also occur in some members of this family.

1975, George O. Poinar, Entomogenous Nematodes: A Manual and Host List of Insect-nematode Associations:

(zoology) Any member of the family Thelastomatidae of nematodes.


diplogasterid

The diplogasterid, Cephalobium microbivorum Cobb occurs in the alimentary tract of field crickets and apparently does little harm to its host (Ackert and Wadley, 1921).

(zoology) Any nematode of the family Diplogasteridae.


allantonematid

The thrips are the first or most primitive order to harbor allantonematid nematodes, which are more common in the higher Coleoptera and Diptera.

(zoology) Any nematode of the family Allantonematidae.


cultigroup

(taxonomy) A formal taxonomic category for assembling cultivars, individual plants or assemblages of plants on the basis of defined similarity, formerly denoted by cultivar-group and now by Group.


aphodiid

The aphodiids dominate dung in northern temperate zones.

2017, Richard Jones, Call of Nature: The Secret Life of Dung:

(zoology) Any beetle of the subfamily Aphodiinae (family Scarabaeidae).


beraeid

Beraeids live in small streams and springs where they are detritivorous; some European species live in wet leaves and moss above the water line.

2015, Glenn B. Wiggins, Larvae of the North American caddisfly genera (trichoptera):

(zoology) Any caddisfly of the family Beraeidae.


dascillid

clipping

translingual <i class="Latn mention" lang="mul">Dascillidae</i>

Little has been recorded on the biology of dascillids. Larvae of Dascillus are found in moist soil or under rocks.

2002, Ross H. Arnett, American Beetles, Volume II:

(coleopterology, entomology) Any beetle of the family Dascillidae.


goerid

translingual <i class="Latn mention" lang="mul">Goeridae</i>

All three families arose in the Northern Hemisphere (5.3.2) and, except for a few of the more derived goerids, are confined to that hemisphere.

2015, Glenn B Wiggins, Caddisflies: The Underwater Architects:

(zoology) Any caddisfly of the family Goeridae.


melolonthid

In wetter periods Scarabaeidae dominated light trap catches, particularsubly rutelids and melolonthids.

2003, Koen Martens, Aquatic Biodiversity: A Celebratory Volume in Honour of Henri J. Dumont:

(zoology) Any beetle of the subfamily Melolonthinae.


proctotrupid

Larval proctotrupids are mostly parasitoids of litter or rotten wood-inhabiting larvae.

2015, Vladimir V. Gouli, Concise Illustrated Dictionary of Biocontrol Terms, page 116:

(zoology) Any wasp of the family Proctotrupidae.


raphidiid

Inocelliids are larger than most raphidiids, with the front wing varying in length from 11 to 17 mm.

1989, Donald Joyce Borror, An Introduction to the Study of Insects, page 363:

Like raphidiids, xyelids have the mesopleuron divided into an episternum and epimeron by a distinct mesopleural suture, but the suture is angled much more obliquely and the epimeron is much smaller than the episternum (Figs. 8-10).

1993, Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada:

(zoology) Any snakefly of the family Raphidiidae.


sericostomatid

These can resemble the cases of Odontoceridae, but the latter has the posterior end partially closed by a single large sand grain, whereas those of sericostomatids have a membrane with a central round hole.

2011, Peter C. Barnard, The Royal Entomological Society Book of British Insects:

(zoology) Any caddisfly of the family Sericostomatidae.


throscid

Throscids resemble very small and stout click beetles (Elateridae) with rigid bodies.

2014, Arthur V. Evans, Beetles of Eastern North America:

(zoology) Any beetle of the family Throscidae.


trogiid

Trogiids lay their sculptured eggs singly, without any covering.

2012, Clarke H. Scholtz, Eric Holm, Insects of Southern Africa:

(zoology) Any insect of the family Trogiidae.


ypsolophid

Large pleural lobes enclose the male genitalia in ypsolophids but are small and narrow in plutellids.

2003, Vincent H. Resh, Encyclopedia of Insects, page 648:

(zoology) Any moth of the family Ypsolophidae.


craseonycterid

However genetic data now indicate that the rhinolophoid microbats (rhinolophids, megadermatids, craseonycterids, hipposiderids, and rhinopomatids) are in fact more closely related to megabats than to other microbats.

2009, David MacDonald, The Encyclopedia of Mammals:

(zoology) Any bat of the family Craseonycteridae.


omnitig

(genetics) A particular assemblage of contigs.


meandrine

en-adj

meandrine (comparative more meandrine, superlative most meandrine)

more meandrine (comparative)
most meandrine (superlative)

The surface may be almost smooth or thrown into meandrine folds, to an extent far greater than suggested by Ridley and Dendy's illustration; and there are all stages between these two extremes.

1932, Isabella Gordon, Pycnogonida, page 302:

(biology, geology) Winding and convoluted.


masarine

In contrast to the majority of bees, which transport pollen externally, masarines take pollen mixed with nectar from flowers with deep corollas (Gess 1996).

2007, James H. Hunt, The Evolution of Social Wasps, page 28:

(entomology) Any wasp in the subfamily Masarinae.


multichimera

The formation of Botryllus multichimeras sets the 'group level' (the assemblage of several genotypes into one unified entity) as the key level at which natural selection acts.

2004, Jules Hoffmann, Primitive Immune Systems - Issue 198, page 31:

Around the time of the events that led to your birth, there was no longer anything new even about multichimeras.

2006, Rusty Morrison, Ken Edward Keegan, ParaSpheres: Extending Beyond the Spheres of Literary and Genre Fiction, →ISBN:

However, it was suggested that potentially losing genotypes (defined as such in bi-chimeras scenario) might survive in multichimera entities as stem cells in refugia and successfully propagate to succeeding generations.

2009, Baruch Rinkevich, Valeria Matranga, Stem Cells in Marine Organisms, →ISBN, page 12:

(genetics) A chimera containing genetically distinct cells originating from three or more zygotes.


ureterolith

(biology, medicine) A stone in a ureter.

bladder stone

Stones of the renourinary tract; more specifically


phaneranthous

phaneranthous (comparative more phaneranthous, superlative most phaneranthous)

more phaneranthous (comparative)
most phaneranthous (superlative)

(botany) showy (having conspicuous colourful flowers that advertise their presence to pollinators)


population biology

(biology, ecology) The study of populations of organisms, especially the growth and regulation of population sizes and genetics, and the effects of interactions between species.


ergotropy

Jansen's experiments on noise-induced nervous stress establish that the effect of noise is to create a higher activation of the organism, that is, a transition of the general state from trophotropy to ergotropy.

1971, United States, An Assessment of Noise Concern in Other Nations, Environmental Protection Agency, page 8:

This shifts the attention towards the states of ergotropy and trophotropy.

2008, Bernadette von Dawans, Neuropeptidergic Modulation of Social Behavior in Health and Social Phobia:

(biology) A state of active adaptation to the demands of stress or physical or mental work; arousal.


multicorn

The tricorn protease was first identified in thermophilic bacteria, but a related larger protease called multicorn exists in mammalian cells including hepatocytes (49).

2001, Irwin M. Arias, James L. Boyer, The Liver: Biology and Pathobiology, page 221:

Candidates for these downstream proteases are THIMET, tricorn, multicorn, TPPII, and leucine aminopeptidase.

2012, Peter Zwickl, Wolfgang Baumeister, The Proteasome — Ubiquitin Protein Degradation Pathway, →ISBN, page 48:

Seven intracellular proteolytic enzymes in this yeast have been described: one aminopeptidase yspI, two endoproteinases named yspA and yspB, one dipeptidyl aminopeptidase yspI, one carboxypeptidase yspI, and two cytosolic proteolytic complexes, the multicorn peptidase and the 26S proteasome.

2012, Alan J. Barrett, Neil D. Rawlings, J. Fred Woessner, Handbook of Proteolytic Enzymes, →ISBN, page 1476:


PUP

(biochemistry) Prokaryotic ubiquitin-like protein


nondisperser

Nesting data from dispersers and nondispersers came from the same set of colonies and were thus directly comparable.

1996, Charles R. Brown, Mary Bomberger Brown, Coloniality in the Cliff Swallow:

(ecology) An organism that is not a disperser.


leaf bud

(botany) A bud which develops into a leaf or a leafy branch.


otophysic

Melanoids were formerly placed in the family Moridae; however, they lack an otophysic connection and X-Y caudal bones, and, therefore, are considered to be a separate family (Marshall 1965).

2005, William J. Richards, Early Stages of Atlantic Fishes:

The common features among these species are that (1) the bilateral input originates in whole or in part from the otolithic end organ that is at the point of coupling between the inner ear and a gas-filled structure, and (2) this otophysic coupling is paired.

2012, Richard R Fay, Comparative Hearing: Fish and Amphibians, page 206:

(ichthyology) Of or pertaining to a connection between the swim bladder and inner ear in certain species of fish.


synapto-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek συνάπτω (sunáptō, “to conjoin, to connect”).


osteolepidid

(zoology) Any extinct sarcopterygian in the superorder Osteolepidida


thelodont

clipping

translingual <i class="Latn mention" lang="mul">Thelodonti</i>

(zoology) Any extinct fish of the class Thelodonti, having small, spiny scales.


alpha globin

(biochemistry) One of the two globin subunits in the most common form of haemoglobin in humans.


time crystal

Coined by American biologist Arthur Winfree in 2001. An analogue to crystals, which have repetitive patterns in space.


effigurate

Borrowed from New Latin effiguratus; compare figurate (figuratus).

Thallus thin, whitish to somewhat greyish, continuous, occasionally minutely rimulose, margin somewhat darkened and determinate but not clearly effigurate;

1948, A. Grenfell Price, The winning of Australian Antarctica. Mawson's B.A.N.Z.A.R.E. voyages: 1929-31: based on the Mawson papers, page 105:

Thallus about 1 cm. in diameter, light gray irregular areoles 0:30,4 mm. in diameter on a black hypothallus, giving a deciussate appearance, marginal areoles slightly radially elongate and very narrowly black margined but not clearly effigurate;

1965, Nova Hedwigia, volumes 15-16, page 326:

(botany, lichenology) Having a definite (lobed) shape; not effuse.


dysnatremia

en-noun

dysnatremia (countable and uncountable, plural dysnatremias)

From dys- + natremia or dys- + natr- + -emia.

(biology, physiology, medicine) The presence of an unusual (high or low) amount of sodium in the blood; abnormal serum sodium level.


hydroxyproteome

(biochemistry) The set of hydroxyproteins related to a particular genome


hydroxyprotein

(biochemistry) Any protein containing significant amounts of the hydroxyamino acids serine, threonine and/or tyrosine


robust australopithecine

robust australopithecine (plural robust australopithecines)

(paleontology) Any member of the species sometimes considered to belong to the genus Paranthropus.


gracile australopithecine

gracile australopithecine (plural gracile australopithecines)

(paleontology) Any member of the species belonging to the genus Australopithecus, excluding those sometimes considered to belong to the genus Paranthropus.


macrobiome

From macro- + biome, by analogy with microbiome.

(rare, biology) Macrofauna or macroflora, taken as a whole; that part of the biome composed of larger organisms.


demibranch

(zoology) A structure in the gills of bivalves, consisting of a pair of lamellae containing blood vessels


arginyl aminopeptidase

(biochemistry) The enzyme aminopeptidase B, which catalyses the release of N-terminal Arg and Lys from oligopeptides when P1' is not Pro.


auxoheterotrophic

(biology) That requires exogenous stimulation in order to grow


spongology

Spongology, the study of all aspects of the sponge biology, ecology, taxonomy, and chemistry of sponges, has full fledged into a discipline attracting a progressively increasing population of hundreds of scientists worldwide, numerous of whom devote a lifetime career to the study of this group.

2016, Ramjee Pallela, Marine Sponges: Chemicobiological and Biomedical Applications:


pterylology

He gives some minute and valuable descriptions of the species, particularly as regards its pterylology and structure in comparison with other birds, as well as a detailed account of its habits, so as almost to justify the use of poisoned grain, which he seems to have tried in order to obtain specimens.

(ornithology, obsolete, rare) The study of distribution of feathers on birds.


Mitochondrial Eve

Mitochondrial Eve (plural Mitochondrial Eves)

In reference to Eve, the first woman according to the Bible.

(genetics) The matrilineal most recent common ancestor of all currently living humans, i.e., the most recent woman from whom all living humans descend in an unbroken line purely through their mothers, and through the mothers of those mothers, back until all lines converge on one woman.


wildlife corridor

wildlife corridor (plural wildlife corridors)

For example, a single landowner may be required to conserve a wildlife corridor as mitigation for developing the site.

2006, Jodi A. Hilty, William Z. Lidicker Jr., Adina Merenlender, Corridor Ecology: The Science and Practice of Linking Landscapes for Biodiversity Conservation, →ISBN, page 209:

This type of wildlife corridor will be key to maintaining population stability and longevity for species such as bear, moose and caribou, especially as the 6-mile-wide Sterling Highway development corridor becomes fully realized, and should the planned Cooper Landing bypass become reality.

2009, U.S. Fish, Wildlife Service, Kenai National Wildlife Refuge: Revised Comprehensive Conservation Plan and Environmental Impact Statement, page D-22:

Gaps in the wildlife corridor may be barriers to the movement of some species but inconsequential for other species.

2012, James Gleeson, Deborah Gleeson, Reducing the Impacts of Development on Wildlife, →ISBN, page 90:

(ecology) A strip of vegetation that differs from its surrounding environment and which connects otherwise separate habitat areas.


GOS

Ninety per cent of the roughage in human breast milk is GOS; the remaining 10 per cent is made up of other indigestible fibre.

2015, Giulia Enders, translated by David Shaw, Gut, Scribe, published 2016, page 241:

(biology) Initialism of galactooligosaccharides.


cnephasiine

(zoology) Relating to or characteristic of the Cnephasiini, a tribe of tortrix moths.


parasociality

The two commonalities of parasociality are the exhibition of parental investment and socialisation in a single cooperative dwelling (i.e., a nest).

(sociobiology) The exhibition of behaviour that is communal, quasisocial or semisocial.


sexually mature

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(biology, of an organism) Having reached the age or stage of being able to reproduce.


lophid

en-adj

lophid (not generally comparable, comparative more lophid, superlative most lophid)

more lophid (comparative)
most lophid (superlative)

From lopho- (“ridge”) + -id (“pertaining to”).

confix

Similarities include minimal division of the paracristid and cristid obliqua, paucity of enamel crenulations on the lophid faces and, to a lesser degree, anterior turn of the lophid ends

2004, Gavin Prideaux, Systematics and Evolution of the Sthenurine Kangaroos, page 64:

(zoology, palentology, archaeology, usually of teeth) Featuring or characterized by a crest or ridge.


lophid

There is a very small wear facet on the tip of the first lophid.

1967, David Whistler, Oreodonts of the Tick Canyon Formation, Southern California, page s.n.:

In early Elephantoidia, the mesial root supports only the first lophid of the molar.

2009, Yohannes Haile-Selassie, Giday WoldeGabriel, Ardipithecus Kadabba: Late Miocene Evidence from the Middle Awash, Ethiopia, page 471:

(zoology, palentology, archaeology) A ridge on molars or other teeth formed by a modification of cusps.


loph

Borrowed from Ancient Greek λόφος (lóphos, “crest”); compare lopho-, lophid.

The plates are closely cemented together and in the early tooth they extend above the surface in a series of lophs. Because there are many of them that make up the whole molar, the tooth is called a polylophodont.

1937, Cleveland Sylvester Simkins, History of the Human Teeth: An Introduction to Comparative Dental Anatomy, page 177:

I include only 15 cheektooth features, although one could define a great many more in a loph-by-loph analysis.

2005, Louise Emmons, “A revision of the genera of arboreal echimyidae”, in James L. Patton, Eileen A. Lacey, Philip Myers, editors, Mammalian Diversification: From Chromosomes to Phylogeography, page 252:

(zoology, dentistry) A ridge of enamel connecting the cusps of a molar or cheek tooth.


African Eve

Mitochondrial Eve
Mitochondrial Eve#English


molecular clock

en-noun

molecular clock (plural molecular clocks)

(biology) A technique that uses the mutation rate of biomolecules to deduce the time in prehistory when two or more life forms diverged.


protacanthopterygian

Rosen (1973) separated the stomiiforms (= Stomiatoidei) from other protacanthopterygian groups, placing them as the sister-group of all other neoteleosts (Eurypterygii).

1996, Antony S. Harold, “Interrelationships of Stomiiform Fishes”, in Melanie L.J. Stiassny, editor, Interrelationships of Fishes, page 333:

(zoology) Of or from the superorder Protacanthopterygii of ray-finned fish.


neoteleost

(zoology) A member of the clade Neoteleostei of bony fish.


stomiiform

(ichthyology) Of or from the order Stomiiformes of ray-finned fish.


ctenosquamate

Several other characteristics, mostly associated with improved locomotion and feeding, also mark the ascendancy of teleosts above the ctenosquamate level of development.

2009, Gene Helfman, The Diversity of Fishes: Biology, Evolution, and Ecology:

(zoology) Of or from the section Ctenosquamata of bony fish.


cirral

Moreover, most species have a cirral pattern which - at least partially - closely resembles that of 18-cirri hypotrichs, including the formation from six (I-VI) anlagen.

2011, Helmut Berger, Monograph of the Gonostomatidae and Kahliellidae:

(anatomy, zoology) Of or pertaining to a cirrus.


ascalabotan

Scientists have made our work a bit easier by dividing living lizards into two major groups: the ascalabotans and the autarchoglossans.

1987, Arthur Rosenfeld, Exotic Pets, page 84:

(zoology) A squamate of the clade Ascalabota


psammon

From psammo- + -on, to be analogous to plankton.

Rotifers also are present in the psammon, the sandy habitat along the wet reaches of shorelines.

2014, James H. Thorp, D. Christopher Rogers, Thorp and Covich's Freshwater Invertebrates: Ecology and General Biology:

(ecology) The community of organisms living in the sandy, moist habitat along a shoreline.


epipelon

The seasonal succession of algal species in the epipelon of shallow, mesotrophic pond Bezednik (Czech Republic) with special attention to diatoms (particularly Sellaphora) is described.

2009, Jana Špačková1, “Seasonal succession of epipelic algae: a case study on a mesotrophic pond in a temperate climate.”, in Fottea, volume 9, number 1, page 121:

(botany) The cyanobacteria and eukaryotic algae that live on or in association with fine-grained substrata or sand.


red forest

* (ecology): Due to the colouration found in forest that has been killed.

(ecology) A forest that has died, leaving foilage that reddens and trees that redden

(ecology) A forest contaminated with nuclear fallout.

mountain pine beetle
mountain pine beetle#English

(ecology) A forest killed by an infestation of mountain pine beetle


beloniform

(zoology) Any fish in the order Beloniformes


noto-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek νότος (nótos) "south".


pinnal

(anatomy, botany, zoology) Relating to a pinna


anthecology

/ˌænθəˈkɑləd͡ʒi/

(botany, zoology) The study of the relationships between flowers and pollinators


libristomate

Thus, Fortey later began grouping natant trilobites and their offspring as libristomate to designate the non-attached, or formerly detached, nature of their hypostomes.

2009, George P. Hansen, Trilobites of Black Cat Mountain, page 144:

(zoology) Of a trilobite, of the subclass Libristoma, and having a detached hypostome.


corynexochoid

The generic reference of these cranidia is uncertain in the absence of a pygidium, since a number of corynexochoid genera are almost indistinguishable from the cranidia, especially in immature stages.

1967, Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, page 86:

(zoology) Of a trilobite, of the order Corynexochida.


agnostoid

(zoology) Any trilobite in the superfamily Agnostoidea


adenase

(biochemistry) An enzyme found especially in animal tissue (as liver) that hydrolyzes adenine to hypoxanthine and ammonia.


bispecificity

(usually biochemistry) Specificity for two given conditions.


planulinid

Accessory benthic foraminiferal events reported by Berggren and Miller (1989) to occur in the late Eocene are the migrations into the bathyal realm from the neritic realm of planulinids and siphoninids.

2003, Donald R. Prothero, From Greenhouse to Icehouse: The Marine Eocene-Oligocene Transition:

(zoology) A foraminifer of the family Planulinidae.


siphoninid

(zoology) A foraminifer of the family Siphoninoidea.


anomalinid

(zoology) A foraminifer of the family Anomalinidae.


gavelinellid

(zoology) A foraminifer of the family Gavelinellidae.


anabolize

en-verb

anabolize (third-person singular simple present anabolizes, present participle anabolizing, simple past and past participle anabolized)

anabolizes (present singular third-person)
anabolizing (participle present)
anabolized (participle past)
anabolized (past)

(biochemistry) To cause, or to undergo anabolism


sigmurethrous

Indeed, with the possible exception of Agriolimax laevis (Müll.), I do not know of any other British sigmurethrous snail or slug in which anything at all comparable has been found.

1930, The Journal of Conchology, volume 19, page 42:

(zoology) Of or pertaining to the informal taxonomic group Sigmurethra of molluscs.


nymphosis

There are probably similarities between morphology and development with the Sagrinae, but the nymphosis here occurs within the soil.

2012, P. Jolivet, Biology of Chrysomelidae, page 6:

(entomology) The passage from the larval state to the nymph state of an insect.


loxonematoid

Specimens minute, high-spired, loxonematoid shells with slightly sinuate transverse costae on ephebic whorls.

1953, Journal of Paleontology, volume 27, page 698:

(zoology) Resembling or belonging to the genus †Loxonema of extinct gastropods.


loxonematoid

(zoology) Any gastropod resembling or belonging to the genus †Loxonema.


orthocone

(malacology) A long straight shell of a nautiloid cephalopod.


tonnoidean

This is the only shallow-water tonnoidean that probably originally had a cosmopolitan distribution in temperate and tropical seas.

2002, American Malacological Bulletin, page 107:

(zoology) A sea snail of the superfamily Tonnoidea.


eupyrene

After the completion of copulation, the number of eupyrene sperm bundles in a spermatophore gradually decreased.

2016, Mamoru Watanabe, Sperm Competition in Butterflies, page 55:

(zoology) Of sperm in species that exhibit sperm heteromorphism, fertile.


eusperm

[…] the eusperm (i.e. the fertilizing spermatozoa) are filamentous cells with a tapered, tubular, terminal acrosome, an extremely elongate nucleus, a cylindrical sometimes spiral midpiece formed by two to six radially adpressed mitochondria […]

2009, Daniel H. Shain, Annelids in Modern Biology, page 322:

(zoology) In species that exhibit sperm heteromorphism, fertile sperm.


apyrene

Counter to this latter hypothesis, Cook and Gage (1995) have shown that, unlike eupyrene numbers, apyrene sperm numbers do not vary with sperm competition risk (see fig 7.7).

2001, Leigh W. Simmons, Sperm Competition and Its Evolutionary Consequences in the Insects:

(zoology) Of sperm in species that exhibit sperm heteromorphism, infertile.


parasperm

First, it is possible that parasperm have no adaptive function. Most consider this unlikely given the large number of parasperm produced (parasperm may make up half of an ejaculate) and the presumed costs of their production.

2009, Judith Goodenough, Perspectives on Animal Behavior, page 316:

(zoology) In species that exhibit sperm heteromorphism, infertile sperm.


VLDL

very low-density lipoprotein
w:very low-density lipoprotein

(biochemistry) Initialism of very low-density lipoprotein.


ULDL

(biochemistry) Initialism of ultra low-density lipoprotein.


MTOC

microtubule-organizing center
w:microtubule-organizing center

(biochemistry) Initialism of microtubule-organizing center.


mutatively

en-adv

mutatively (comparative more mutatively, superlative most mutatively)

more mutatively (comparative)
most mutatively (superlative)

(genetics, biochemistry) Through a mutation or a series of mutations.


SNA

spherical nucleic acid
spherical nucleic acid#English

(biochemistry) Initialism of spherical nucleic acid.


equilobate

en-adj

equilobate (comparative more equilobate, superlative most equilobate)

more equilobate (comparative)
most equilobate (superlative)

(biology) Equally lobed; divided into similar lobes.


NRBC

(hematology, cytology) Initialism of nucleated red blood cell.


premax

The rhynchactids possess a premax with few (0-2) curved teeth, but the dentaries are toothless.

2005, William Richards, Early Stages of Atlantic Fishes: An Identification Guide for the Western Central North Atlantic, page 820:

(zoology, informal) Clipping of premaxilla.


Acrita

From New Latin, from Ancient Greek meaning "indiscernible"; see a- and compare criterion.

(zoology, obsolete) The lowest groups of animals, in which no nervous system has been observed. Today it roughly corresponds to the protozoans


halysitid

(zoology) Any member of the family †Halysitidae of cnidarians.


carissa

(botany) Any plant of the genus Carissa.


tracrRNA

en-noun

tracrRNA (countable and uncountable, plural tracrRNAs)

Trans-activating crRNA
w:Trans-activating crRNA

(biochemistry) Initialism of Trans-activating crRNA.


crRNA

(biochemistry) Initialism of CRISPR RNA.


trigenic

(genetics) produced by (the interaction of) three genes


CTCF

transcription factor
transcription factor

(genetics, biochemistry) A transcription factor that in humans is encoded by the CTCF gene.


PTGS

(biology, genetics) Initialism of posttranscriptional gene silencing.


kleptogenesis

/ˌklɛptəʊˈd͡ʒɛnɪsɪs/

From Ancient Greek κλέπτω (kléptō, “steal”) + γένεσις (génesis, “origin, creation, generation”).

(biology) Reproduction by a unisexual species using sperm 'stolen' by mating with members of a related bisexual species.


triaulic

In androdiaulic and triaulic forms the movement of sperm is largely by muscular action, but the function of congealing the sperm into a more or less unitary mass is retained by the prostate.

1964, Michael T. Ghiselin, Reproductive Function and the Evolution of Opisthobranch Gastropods:

Cervera et al. (2000) described three distinct patterns of division of reproductive systems of pleurobranchids producing three different triaulic arrangements.

2010, Janet Leonard, The Evolution of Primary Sexual Characters in Animals, page 161:

(biology) Having three reproductive duct systems, one for the deposit of sperm, one for receiving sperm, and one for depositing eggs.


sessilely

en-adv

sessilely (comparative more sessilely, superlative most sessilely)

more sessilely (comparative)
most sessilely (superlative)

The species, so far as the shape of the lorica is concerned, resembles the sessilely attached fresh-water Salpingaeca fusiformis, S. K., but is excluded from the section to which Kent has relegated the latter, by the possession of the pedicle.

1886, Journal of the Trenton Natural History Society, volume 1, page 138:


schizocarpic

(botany) Of or relating to a schizocarp.


LINE

long interspersed nuclear element
w:long interspersed nuclear element

(genetics) Acronym of long interspersed nuclear element, a type of retrotransposon in genomics.


SINE

short interspersed element
w:Retrotransposon#SINEs

(genetics) Acronym of short interspersed element, a type of retrotransposon in genomics.


phyllidium

The five species described above form an interesting series illustrating the gradual modification of the entire phyllidium into a sucker, just as individual loculi become modified into suckers.

1927, Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London - Part 2, page 526:

The excretory vessels form a hairpin loop just inside the phyllidium (Pl. 5 Fg.1). It seems strange that the excretory vessels do not extend to the margins of these giant phyllidia since they invariably do in other forms with large phyllidia such as Phyllobothrium lactuca, etc.

1949, Nathan W. Riser, Studies on the Tetraphyllidea, page 84:

The four phyllidia are arranged in pairs with each phyllidium occupying a corner of the rectangular scolex.

1957, Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington:

(zoology) A muscular, leaf-shaped or cuplike outgrowth from the lateral wall of the scolex of some cestodes.

(zoology) A rudimentary form of ctenidium found in some gastropods.


phyllidium

The lateral lobes of each opposite phyllidium being thus brought together and forming an apparent whole, botanists supposed they had before them two stigmata in this order opposed to the placentae, which was contrary to all analogy.

1848, Sir William Jackson Hooker, London Journal of Botany - Volume 7, page 14:

The forward margin of each dorsolateral phyllidium overlaps the rear margin of the adjacent phyllidium. This arrangement tends to channel drainage water toward the ventral surface of the gametophyte, where some of it is retained in tiny pockets that are bounded on the lower side by the ventral lobes of the dorsolateral phyllidia.

1982, Arthur Cronquist, Basic Botany, page 278:

Interference-contrast micrograph through the abaxial surface of a proximal cell of a phyllidium of Tortula ruralis ten minutes after rehydration from the desiccated state.

1984, Advances in Bryology, →ISBN, page 122:


shaking rat Kawasaki

(biology, zoology) A reeler-phenotype neuronal mutant rat.