isopullulanase

isopullulanase (countable and uncountable, plural isopullulanases)

(biochemistry) An enzyme, pullulan 4-glucanohydrolase, that catalyses the hydrolysis of pullulan to isopanose (6-alpha-maltosylglucose).


isoamylase

en-noun

isoamylase (countable and uncountable, plural isoamylases)

(biochemistry) An enzyme, glycogen 6-alpha-D-glucanohydrolase, that catalyses the hydrolysis of (1->6)-alpha-D-glucosidic branch linkages in glycogen, amylopectin and their beta-limit dextrins.


iminodipeptidase

iminodipeptidase (countable and uncountable, plural iminodipeptidases)

(biochemistry) The enzyme Cytosol nonspecific dipeptidase.


imidodipeptidase

imidodipeptidase (countable and uncountable, plural imidodipeptidases)

(biochemistry) The enzyme X-Pro dipeptidase.


trimonoecious

Finally, there is the trimonoecious group, which has a mixture of staminate, pistillate, and hermaphroditic flowers all on the same plant.

1989, Ib Libner Nonnecke, Vegetable Production, page 509:

Six different sex forms have been reported in C.^([Cucumis]) melo, i.e., monoecious, andromonoecious, gynomonoecious, hermaphrodite, trimonoecious, and gynoecious (Poole and Grimball 1939).

1998, J. M. Alvarez, “Chapter 24: Muskmelon”, in S.S. Banga, S.K. Banga, editors, Hybrid Cultivar Development, page 516:

Individual plants are either hermaphrodites (all flowers are hermaphrodites), monoecious (both male and female flowers), andromonoecious (male and hermaphrodite flowers), gynomonoecious (female and hermaphrodite flowers) or trimonoecious (all three types of flowers).

2002, Pierre-Henri Gouyon, Jean-Pierre Henry, Jacques Arnould, translated by Tiiu Ojasoo, Gene Avatars: The Neo-Darwinian Theory of Evolution, page 137:

Trivedi and Roy (1973) have reported the appearance of various intermediate sex forms such as andromonoecious, gynoecious, and trimonoecious in colchicine-treated plants of M. charantia, but remaining as diploids.

2011, T. K. Behera, K. Joseph John, L. K. Bharathi, R. Karuppaiyan, “Chapter 10: Momordica”, in Chittaranjan Kole, editor, Wild Crop Relatives: Genomic and Breeding Resources: Vegetables, page 226:

(botany) That has male, female and bisexual (perfect) flowers on the same individual plant.

polygamous

botany: having male, female and bisexual flowers on the same plant


ameiotic

(biology) Not undergoing meiosis; relating to ameiosis


enteroblast

(cytology) A form of midgut cell, associated with stem cells, that develops into an enterocyte


cyclodityrosine

(biochemistry) A cyclodipeptide formed from two tyrosine moieties


mechanoenzyme

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that converts chemical energy into mechanical energy and hence into movement


organoheterotroph

(biology) Any heterotroph that obtains organic material from another organism (typically as food)


paragroup

(genetics) A section of a haplogroup that is not defined by a specific set of markers.


subhaplogroup

(genetics) A subset of a haplogroup, especially one that has one or more distinguishing markers


mesaxonic

From meso- + Ancient Greek ἄξων (áxōn, “axis”) + -ic.

af

(zoology) Having an enlarged middle digit that forms the axis of the foot.

mésaxonique

having an enlarged middle digit that forms the axis of the foot


oligolecty

/ɒˌlɪɡə(ʊ)-/

Probably from oligolectic + -y (suffix forming abstract nouns denoting conditions, qualities, or states). Oligolectic is derived from English oligo- (prefix meaning ‘few’) (from Ancient Greek ὀλῐ́γος (olĭ́gos, “few, little”), from Proto-Indo-European *(o)leyg- (“indigent, poor; miserable”)) + Ancient Greek λεκτός (lektós, “chosen”) (from λέγω (légō, “to choose; to arrange; to gather”), from Proto-Indo-European *leǵ- (“to collect, gather”)) + English -ic (suffix forming adjectives meaning ‘of or pertaining to’ from nouns), possibly modelled after eclectic.

der

We have, thus, a case where different types of bees are similarly adapted to oligolecty on a certain group of plants.

1944 April 10, Charles Duncan Michener, “Comparative External Morphology, Phylogeny, and a Classification of the Bees (Hymenoptera)”, in Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, volume 82, article 6, New York, N.Y.: American Museum of Natural History, →ISSN, →OCLC, part 2 (Comparative External Morphology of the Bees), page 218, column 2:

The most likely explanation for oligolecty in bees is not different from the explanation of specificity of any organism to its habitat; in fact, oligolecty is a form of host specificity.

1954 June 21, Charles Duncan Michener, “Bees of Panamá”, in Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, volume 104, article 1, New York, N.Y.: American Museum of Natural History, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 6, column 2:

In so far as now known, all of the species exhibit a high degree of oligolecty (or monolecty) being restricted in pollen collecting to a single genus of plants.

1955 October, E[arle] G[orton] Linsley, J[ohn] W[inslow] MacSwain, Ray F[red] Smith, “Observations on the Nesting Habits and Flower Relationships of Some Species of Melandrina (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae)”, in P. D. Hurd, Jr., editor, The Pan-Pacific Entomologist, volume XXXI, number 4, San Francisco, Calif.: Pacific Coast Entomological Society, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 175:

An individual of a polylectic species that takes pollen from only a few kinds of plants is showing flower constancy rather than oligolecty.

1974, Charles Duncan Michener, “Glossary”, in The Social Behavior of the Bees, Cambridge, Mass.: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, →ISBN, page 373, column 1:

Once oligolecty was documented, the following two summers were used for field study of widely separated populations of I. pandurata.

1978, Daniel F. Austin, “Morning Glory Bees and the Ipomoea pandurata Complex (Hymenoptera: Anthophoridae)”, in Manya B. Stoetzel, editor, Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, volume 80, number 3, Washington, D.C.: Entomological Society of Washington, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 397:

That oligolecty exists is indisputable, but its application to particular bee species engenders confusion and debate. […] We propose a definition of oligolecty that is sufficiently inclusive without diluting the intended meaning for undisputed cases: we define oligolecty as consistent and predictable reliance of a species on a few plant genera for their pollen needs.

2006, James H. Cane, Sedonia Sipes, “Characterizing Floral Specialization by Bees: Analytical Methods and a Revised Lexicon for Oligolecty”, in Nickolas M. Waser, Jeff Ollerton, editors, Plant–Pollinator Interactions: From Specialization to Generalization, Chicago, Ill., London: University of Chicago Press, →ISBN, part II (The Ecology and Evolution of Specialized and Generalized Pollination), page 110:

In most studies sampling is limited to a few sites, and therefore oligolecty is dubiously assigned. Moreover, both abundant and minor pollen types are generally considered at a same level of importance.

2018, Favio Gerardo Vossler, “Are Stingless Bees a Broadly Polylectic Group? An Empirical Study of the Adjustments Required for an Improved Assessment of Pollen Diet in Bees”, in Patricia Vit, Silvia R. M. Pedro, David W. Roubik, editors, Pot-pollen in Stingless Bee Melittology, Cham, Switzerland: Springer Nature, →DOI, →ISBN, part I (Pollen and the Evolution of Mutualism), section 2.2 (Pollen Specialization Categories in Bees), page 19, column 1:

The two most basal bee families, Dasypodaidae and Mellitidae, are predominantly composed of pollen specialists, indicating that oligolecty might be the ancestral state in bees[…]. In the western Palaearctic anthidiine bees, several transitions from oligolecty to polylecty were found, but none from polylecty to oligolecty[…].

2020, R. G. Vastrad, “Specialized Bees Fail to Develop on Non-host Pollen: Do Plants Chemically Protect Their Pollen?”, in A Study of Floral Specialization in Solitary Bees, Raleigh, N.C.: Lulu, →ISBN, page 31:

(entomology) The preference of an insect pollinator (chiefly a bee) for pollinating only a few plant species.

قِلَّة الجَمْع

preference of an insect pollinator for pollinating only a few plant species


oligolectic

/ˌɒlɪɡə(ʊ)ˈlɛktɪk/

/ɒˌlɪɡə(ʊ)-/

/ˌɑləɡoʊˈlɛktɪk/

From English oligo- (prefix meaning ‘few’) (from Ancient Greek ὀλῐ́γος (olĭ́gos, “few, little”), from Proto-Indo-European *(o)leyg- (“indigent, poor; miserable”)) + Ancient Greek λεκτός (lektós, “chosen”) (from λέγω (légō, “to choose; to arrange; to gather”), from Proto-Indo-European *leǵ- (“to collect, gather”)) + English -ic (suffix forming adjectives meaning ‘of or pertaining to’ from nouns), possibly modelled after eclectic.

(entomology) Relating to, or characteristic of, oligolecty.

oligolectique

relating to, or characteristic of, oligolecty


prohemocyte

(biology) A form of invertebrate stem cell that becomes a hemocyte


trihexoside

(biochemistry) Any glycoside derived from a trihexose


trihexose

(biochemistry) Any trisaccharide derived from three hexose moieties


cryptocyanin

en-noun

cryptocyanin (usually uncountable, plural cryptocyanins)

Cryptocyanin, a copper-free hexameric protein in crab (Cancer magister) hemolymph, has been characterized and the amino acid sequence has been deduced from its cDNA.

1999 March 2, Nora B. Terwilliger, “Cryptocyanin, a crustacean molting protein: Evolutionary link with arthropod hemocyanins and insect hexamerins”, in PNAS, volume 95, number 5:

We have studied expression patterns of members of the hemocyanin gene family, hemocyanin, cryptocyanin, and phenoloxidase, in Cancer magister to better understand the molecular basis of the complex regulation and physiological transformations that occur during molting.

2013, Metalloproteins—Advances in Research and Application: 2013 Edition:

Cryptocyanin is also synthesized in the hepatopancreas R cells.

(biochemistry) A hexameric protein associated with moulting in crustaceans


gDNA

(genetics) Initialism of genomic DNA (DNA in chromosomes).


phospholipidome

(biochemistry) The set of all phospholipids in a cell or organism


phospholipidomics

(biochemistry) The study of the phospholipidome of an organism or cell


biomineralogy

(biology, mineralogy) The study of biominerals and of biomineralization


osmoreceptor

(biology) A sensory receptor, primarily found in the hypothalamus of most homeothermic organisms, that detects changes in osmotic pressure


gelatinolytic

A recent study focused on the enzymatic and cytotoxic functions of jellyfish metalloproteases and identified diverse proteolytic effects including gelatinolytic, caseinolytic, and fibrinolytic activities.

2015 June 18, Mahdokht Jouiaei et al., “Ancient Venom Systems: A Review on Cnidaria Toxins”, in Toxins, volume 7, →DOI:

(biochemistry) Relating to, or producing gelatinolysis.


beta barrel

(biochemistry) A large beta sheet that twists and coils to form a closed structure in which the first strand is hydrogen-bonded to the last.


aquafauna

aquafauna (plural aquafaunae or aquafaunas or aquafaunæ)

aquafaunae (plural)
aquafaunas (plural)
aquafaunæ (plural)

From aqua- (“water”) + fauna (“animals”).

(ecology) aquatic animals considered as a group


vetispiradiene synthase

vetispiradiene synthase (plural vetispiradiene synthases)

(biochemistry) A lyase enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction trans,trans-farnesyl diphosphate ⇌ vetispiradiene + diphosphate.


premnaspirodiene oxygenase

(biochemistry) An enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction (-)-vetispiradiene + 2 NADPH + 2 H⁺ + 2 O₂ ⇌ solavetivone + 2 NADP⁺ + 3 H₂O.


cerebellin

cerebellin (countable and uncountable, plural cerebellins)

(biochemistry) A hexadecapeptide that has neuromodulatory functions in the brain.


precerebellin

(biochemistry) A precursor of cerebellin.


homochromia

Lastly, the same holds good of mimetic parasitism; for at the climax of that process we have the elaborate imitation of the living organism, then of its cadaver or its excreta, till, finally, we arrive at homochromia, that is, the adoption by certain animals of the prevailing colour of their environment.

1895, Jean Massart & Émile Vandervelde, Parasitism, Organic and Social (trans. William Macdonald and J. Arthur Thomson), Swan Sonnenschein & Co. Limited (1895), pages 16-17

Mimetic homochromia consists not only of imitation of the colour and texture of the environment or of other spp (animal or plant), but also involves Imitation of their behaviour, immobility being the best known example, especially in otherwise conspicuous spp.

1975, Animal Behaviour Abstracts, volume 3, page 201:

[…] I mean, butterflies are good at make-believe, too…. What are homochromia and dissuasive livery, if not artistic lies? Like the Caligo prometheus, who proclaims to his enemies, "I'm the head of an owl, I'm gonna eat you!" Or the Samia cynthia, which looks like a dreadful dragon! Pride of our species, my eye."

2000, Nancy Huston, Prodigy, McArthur & Company, →ISBN, page 55:

(zoology, rare) The use, by an organism, of the same colour as its background or other form of camouflage as a means of protection.


globigerinid

(zoology) Any of the Globigerinida (a synonym of the Globigerinina), a rotaliid suborder of foraminiferans found as marine plankton.


subiculum

(botany) A felted or byssoid stratum of hyphae, bearing perithecia.


scutellar

(entomology) Ellipsis of scutellar bristles.


wingbase

(zoology) The part of the body where a wing is attached.


energid

From German Energid, from Ancient Greek ἐνεργός (energós, “active”) + German -id (= English -id).

der

The fate of the cleavage energids seems to be determined by the regional nature of the periplasm, because elimination of some of the migrating energids by ultraviolet irradiation produces no structural deficits in the embryo; other energids replace them (Seidel, 1932).

1982, Robert R. Provine, “15: Embryonic and post-embryonic development”, in William J. Bell, K.G. Adiyodi, editors, The American Cockroach, page 402:

Nuclei and associated cytoplasm are referred to as energids. Upon reaching a critical density, the energids migrate to the periphery of the egg. The arrival of the energids at the surface is sometimes visually apparent as bumps along the surface. At the periphery, the energids continue to undergo several rounds of division.

2006, Lisa Nagy, Miodrag Grbić, “Embryogenesis”, in Timothy D. Schowalter, editor, Insect Ecology: An Ecosystem Approach, 2nd edition, page 317:

Rather, the embryo develops in a plasmodial state, containing eventually hundreds of energids, i.e. nuclei with jackets of cytoplasm. Some energids remain as vitellophages in the endoplasm, while most energids enter the yolk-free periplasm at the surface.

2012, Klaus Kalthoff, “Analysis of a Morphogenetic Determinant in an Insect Embryo (Smittia Spec., Chironomidae, Diptera)”, in Stephen Subtelny, Irwin R. Konigsberg, editors, Determinants of Spatial Organization, page 98:

(biology) A nucleus and the cytoplasm with which it interacts, considered as a unit.


nervule

From either nervure + -ule or nerve + -ule.

D. reticulata (Blum l.c.) leaves 3-nerved, besides the 2 marginal nervules, ovate-oblong, acuminated, rounded at the base, or somewhat cordate, reticulated beneath and covered with ochraceous dots; panicles terminal; calyx almost quite entire; anthers fixed by the back, furnished with somewhat rhomboid, inappendiculate connectives.

1832, Geoge Don, A General System of Gardening and Botany, volume 2, page 783:

(botany) A minor, nonsupporting vein in a leaf of a plant; a branch vein of a nervure (supporting vein) or of another nervule.

A close examination of the wing will always show a partially atrophied disco-cellular, connecting these nervules of the discoidal with either the subcostal or the median nervures, even when one of them has been described as quite free.

1845, Edward Doubleday, “Remarks on the Genus Argynnis”, in Transactions of the Linnean Society, volume 19, page 481:

The origin of the first and second median nervules corresponds to that of the two superior subcostal nervules; and the nervule closing the cell unites with the apical portion of the median nervule at a right angle.

1875, S. H. Scudder, “On the Structure and Transformations of Eumæus Atala”, in Memoirs of the Boston Society of Natural History, Volume 2, Part 4, Number 2, page 415:

2003, W. J. Holland, Cassia B. Farkas (editor), Field Guide to Butterflies, Revised and Updated Edition, page 12,
The branches of these compound veins are known as nervules. The median vein always has three nervules. The nervules of the subcostal veins branch up and outward, with from four to five subcostal nervules, toward the costal margin and the apex of the forewing.

(entomology) A minor vein in a wing of an insect.


potamogeton

(botany) Any of the plants of the genus Potamogeton.


radicose

en-adj

radicose (comparative more radicose, superlative most radicose)

more radicose (comparative)
most radicose (superlative)


diaphanization

(biology) A technique in which a biological specimen is treated to make the skin and tissue diaphanous (i.e. transparent) whilst retaining body shape and staining the skeleton; tissue clearing


kallistatin

(biochemistry) A serin protein, found in human plasma, that contains binding sites for heparin


megaherbivore

(biology) Any very large herbivore, typically one weighing more than 1000 kg


morphospace

Spirals, soap films within wire forms compared to planktonic shapes, and the morpho-space shared by the skulls of chimp, baboon and human

2012, Caspar Henderson, The Book of Barely Imagined Beings, page 139:

(biology) A graphical representation of all the morphologies an organism could or does have, each point of which represents an individual shape.


snakeline

(zoology) The elongated, sinuous body-shape associated with snakes.


digit

From Middle English digit, from Latin digitus (“a fingerbreadth; a number”). Doublet of digitus and dedo.

bit

position in a sequence of numerals, symbol in a positional number system

The ruminants have the cloven foot, i.e. two hoofed digits on each foot.

1866, Richard Owen, Anatomy of Vertebrates:

(zoology) Similar or similar-looking structures in other animals.


macplocimine

(biochemistry) A macrolide isolated from Thioploca bacteria.


ptilinum

Borrowed from New Latin ptilīnum, itself an adaptation of the French ptiline.

As for the structure of the ptilinum itself, Strickland (1953) reported that the ptilina of Conopidae 'are voluminous and represent the most rugged type of ptilinum which we have encountered'.

1972, Graham C. D. Griffiths, The Phylogenetic Classification of Diptera Cyclorrhapha, page 243:

1980, Stuart E. Reynolds, Integration of Behaviour and Physiology in Ecdysis, Michael J. Berridge, J. E. Treherne, Vincent Brian Wigglesworth, Advances in Insect Physiology, Volume 15, page 500,
Certainly, the ptilinum, a special eversible sac on the head which is evidently a "hatching" structure, is instrumental in causing the puparium to crack along its line of weakness, a longitudinal line around the anterior end, which meets a circular line extending around the anterior margin of what was the 4th visible segment of the larvae cuticle (Laing, 1935).

The suture is of the nature of an extremely narrow slit, along the margins of which the wall of the head is invaginated to form a membranous sac or ptilinum, and the walls of the latter are seen to consist of the same layers as the integument.[…]The purpose of the ptilinum is to thrust off the anterior end of the puparium at a time when the contained imago is ready to emerge and to force the fly through soil, etc. (Fraenkel, 1936).

1994, Augustus Daniel Imms, R. Richard Gareth Davies, Owain Westmacott Richards, Imms’ General Textbook of Entomology, volume 1, page 953:

Push through the ground is accompanied by and partially brought about by alternate eversion and retraction of the blood-filled sac at the anterior end of the head — the ptilinum.[…]When the fly appears above ground, no resistance is felt by the ptilinum, and signals cease to be received by the sensory nerve fibers.

2004, D.R. Khanna, Advanced Embryology, page 55:

(zoology, entomology) A bladder-like pouch on the head of schizophoran flies that by expanding enables the fly to emerge from its puparium.

ptiline

bladder-like pouch on the head of some flies


calypter

From New Latin calyptra, from Ancient Greek κᾰλύπτρα (kălúptra, “hood”), from κᾰλύπτω (kălúptō, “I cover”).

The acrosticals are irregularly paired, with numerous accessory setulae between the rows; the lower calypters protrude distinctly beyond the margin of the upper;[…].

1947, Maurice T. James, Miscellaneous Publication 61: The Flies that Cause Myiasis in Man, U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 122:

The wings are hyaline and slightly smoky yellowish, while the calypters and wing fringes are pale yellowish (Steyskal, 1980).

2002, Elen L. Aguiar-Menezes, Euripides B. Menezes, Paolo Cesar R. Cassino, Marco A. Soares, “12: Passion Fruit”, in Jorge E. Peña, Jennifer L. Sharp, M. Wysoki, editors, Tropical Fruit Pests and Pollinators, page 373:

Traditionally this taxon^([Schizophora]) is subdivided into Calyptratae and Acalyptratae, based respectively on the strong or reduced development of the lower calypter.

2004, James B. Coupland, Gary B. Barker, “3: Diptera as Predators and Parasitoids of Terrestrial Molluscs, with Emphasis on Phoridae, Calliphoridae, Sarcophagidae, Muscidae and Fanniidae”, in G. M. Barker, editor, Natural Enemies of Terrestrial Molluscs, page 88:

(biology, entomology) Either of two rounded lobes at the posterior base of the wing in many true flies.

caliptro

either of two lobes covering the halteres


demarginate

en-verb

demarginate (third-person singular simple present demarginates, present participle demarginating, simple past and past participle demarginated)

demarginates (present singular third-person)
demarginating (participle present)
demarginated (participle past)
demarginated (past)

(intransitive, biology, of a cell) To shift from the marginated pool to the circulating pool.


nemat-

Representing νημᾰτ- (nēmăt-), the stem of the Ancient Greek νῆμᾰ (nêmă, “thread”). Compare -nema.

(chiefly biology) Characteristic of, pertaining to, or possessing a filiform structure.


osmoconforming

(biology) Maintaining an internal salinity equal to that of the surrounding seawater.


neuraxin

(biochemistry) A structural protein in rats.


entactin

(biochemistry) A protein that is a component of the basement membrane and (along with perlecan) connects the networks formed by collagens and laminins to each other.


notatin

From notatum + -in, named after Penicillium notatum, from which it was extracted.


saprobic

en-adj

saprobic (not generally comparable, comparative more saprobic, superlative most saprobic)

more saprobic (comparative)
most saprobic (superlative)

It cannot be said that one saprobe is more saprobic than another, even though one produces ten times as many spores as another in the same habitat or one produces no spores in the polluted habitat but countless numbers of spores in the ivory tower of the pure culture laboratory.

1986, William Bridge Cooke, The Fungi of Our Mouldy Earth, page 38:

Saprobic edible fungi are also collected from the wild but they are best known and most widely valued in their cultivated forms.

2004, E. R. Boa, Wild Edible Fungi: A Global Overview of Their Use and Importance to People, page 8:

Diploscapter coronatas and Poikilolaimus oxycerca are two of the most saprobic species.

2009, R. Danovaro, C. Gambi, S. Höss, S. Mirto, W. Traunspurger, A. Zullini, “6: Case Studies Using Nematode Assemblage Analysis in Aquatic Habitats”, in Michael John Wilson, Thomais Kakouli-Duarte, editors, Nematodes as Environmental Indicators, page 162:

(biology) Of, pertaining to, or of the nature of a saprobe or saprobes; that feeds on dead or decaying organic matter.

1969, Wilhelm Rohde, Crystallization of Eutrophication Concepts in Northern Europe, National Academy of Sciences (U.S.), Eutrophication: Causes, Consequences, Correctives, Symposium Proceedings, page 60,
Each of the polysaprobic, mesosaprobic, and oligosaprobic zones is now divided into one α- and one β-level, of which the former is more saprobic than the latter.

The s-score relates to the saprobic zone of which the species are characteristic; a score of between 1 and 4 is assigned to each species, depending upon whether it is typically found in oligosaprobic, α-mesosaprobic, β-mesosaprobic or polysaprobic zones, respectively.

1996, P. D. Abel, Water Pollution Biology, 2nd edition, page 87:

(ecology) That contains dead or decaying organic material (and therefore also saprobes).


epiregulation

(biochemistry, genetics) epigenetic regulation


eurybathic

eurybathic (comparative more eurybathic, superlative most eurybathic)

more eurybathic (comparative)
most eurybathic (superlative)

(zoology) Able to live at different depths of water.


lysianassoid

(zoology) Any crustacean of the family Lysianassidae.


peracarid

(zoology) Any crustacean of the superorder Peracarida.


suballantoid

suballantoid (comparative more suballantoid, superlative most suballantoid)

more suballantoid (comparative)
most suballantoid (superlative)

a suballantoid spore

(mycology) short and sausage-shaped, with rounded ends


lexitropsin

(biochemistry) Any of a class of semisynthetic DNA-binding ligands, several of which are antibiotics


misinsertion

en-noun

misinsertion (countable and uncountable, plural misinsertions)

(biochemistry) The insertion of the wrong base during DNA polymerization


mitofusin

(biochemistry) Any of a class of GTP-binding proteins embedded in the outer membrane of the mitochondria


climax community

climax community (plural climax communities)

(ecology) A community (group of interdependent organisms interacting with one another) which, through the process of ecological succession (the development of vegetation in an area over time), has reached a steady state.


biogeodynamics

(biology, geology) The (study of the) interplay of biological and geological systems


apneumone

(biology) Any substance produced by nonliving material that benefits a recipient species but is detrimental to a different species associated with the nonliving material.


ornithophilous

en-adj

ornithophilous (comparative more ornithophilous, superlative most ornithophilous)

more ornithophilous (comparative)
most ornithophilous (superlative)


tropophilous

tropophilous (comparative more tropophilous, superlative most tropophilous)

more tropophilous (comparative)
most tropophilous (superlative)


myrmecophilous

myrmecophilous (comparative more myrmecophilous, superlative most myrmecophilous)

more myrmecophilous (comparative)
most myrmecophilous (superlative)

(biology) Adapted to thrive in the presence of ants.


chondronectin

(biochemistry) A cartilage matrix protein that mediates the attachment of chondrocytes to collagen


autoecism

1972, B. K. Bakshi, Relative Blister Rust Resistance of Native and Introduced White Pines in Asia, North Atlantic Treaty Organization, International Union of Forestry Research Organizations, US Forest Service, University of Idaho, Biology of Rust Resistance in Forest Trees: Proceedings of a NATO-IUFRO Advanced Study Institute, page 254,
This may possibly be explained by autoecism (pine-to-pine spread) in the aecial stage of the rust, but autoecism has not been conclusively proved (Spaulding, 1922).

Other measures[…]are deficient because of the large geographic distribution of the pathogens, their wide host ranges, their high spore dispersal capabilities, and the autoecism of some rusts.

2005, Salvatore Moricca, Alessandro Ragazzi, Gemma Assante, “Biocontrol of Rust Fungi by Cladosporium tenuissimum”, in Ming Hao Pei, Alistair R. McCracken, editors, Rust Diseases of Willow and Poplar, page 215:

(ecology) The fact of a parasite or dependent organism completing an entire life cycle on a single host species.

Along with this view of pleomorphism, goes the generally conceived idea that autoecism is the primitive condition, heteroecism being considered a later adaptation (Klebahn, 1904).

1911, Bulletin of the New York Botanical Garden, page 406:

(botany, of a plant) The fact of having male and female reproductive organs on the same individual plant.


aecial

1984, D. E. Harder, 11: Developmental Ultrastructure of Hyphae and Spores, William Bushnell, Alan P. Roelfs (editors), The Cereal Rusts: Origins, Volume I: Specificity, Structure, and Physiology, page 355,
In the inner wall facing the aecial cavity, the primary wall materials surrounding the processes disintegrate, partially exposing them.

Aecial hosts are primarily conifers. Damage to some aecial hosts may also be considered important, as in pine twist rust caused by M.^([Melampsora]) pinitorqua Rostrup.

1996, George Newcombe, “Chapter 10: The specificity of fungal pathogens of Populus”, in Reinhard Friedrich Stettler, editor, Biology of Populus and Its Implications for Management and Conservation, page 226:

The uredo- and teleuto-stages occur on wheat, barley and some grasses and the pycnidial and aecial stages on species of Berberis and Mahonia, the alternate hosts.

1998, G. Rangaswami, A. Mahadevan, Diseases of Crop Plants in India, 4th edition, page 192:

(mycology) Of, pertaining to, or resembling an aecium.


epitoky

(biology) A form of reproduction in some polychaete annelids in which the worms undergo a partial or complete transformation into an epitoke, a pelagic morph capable of sexual reproduction


exopolymer

(biochemistry) Any biopolymer, created by an organism, that has been transferred to its external environment, and thus is now located outside the organism


phosphoglycolate

(biochemistry) The anion PO₃-O-CH₂CO₂³⁻ that inhibits photosynthesis.


tricornute

(zoology) Having three horn-like processes.


viral envelope

(virology) A coating covering the capsid of a virus.

суперкапси́д m (superkapsíd, literally “supercapsid”)

суперкапси́д m (superkapsýd, literally “supercapsid”)


insectotoxin

From insect + -o- + toxin modelled on neurotoxin, etc.

2001, N. Sperelakis, M. Sunagawa, M. Nakamura, H. Yokoshiki, T. Seki, 11: Toxins that Affect Ion Channrls, Pumps and Exchangers, Daniel Acosta, Cardiovascular Toxicology, 3rd Edition, page 343,
The insectotoxins may also target the insect post-synaptic glutamate receptor.

It is, however, highly homologous to the scorpion insectotoxins derived from Buthus eupeus venom.

2001, Kenneth M. Blumenthal, “38: Ion Chaannels as Targets for Toxins”, in Nicholas Sperelakis, editor, Cell Physiology Source Book: Essentials of Membrane Biophysics, page 640:

2011, Zhiwei Cai, Jeng-Haur Chen, Lauren K. Hughes, Hongyu Li, David N. Sheppard, The Physiology and Pharmacology of the CFTR Cl⁻ Channel, Michael Pusch, Chloride Movements Across Cellular Membranes, page 133,
DeBin et al. (1993) purified a 4.1 kDa basic peptide from scorpion venom with sequence similarity to small insectotoxins.

The cytolytic acting peptides from Cupiennius salei are grouped into several cupiennin families; in Lachesana tarabaevi the short peptides are called latarcins, the large cyto-insectotoxins.

2013, Wolfgang Nentwig, Lucia Kuhn Nentwig, “14: Main Components of Spider Venoms”, in Wolfgang Nentwig, editor, Spider Ecophysiology, page 195:

(biochemistry) A toxin that specifically affects insects.


amphiploidy

(genetics) The condition of being amphiploid


holomyoglobin

(biochemistry) myoglobin from which the central heme subunit has not been removed


aminoadenosine

(biochemistry) Either of two isomeric amino derivatives of adenosine, 2-aminoadenosine and 8-aminoadenosine, that are ribosyl nucleoside analogs


aptapurification

(rare, biochemistry) The separation and purification of specific aptamers


dihydrocytosine

(biochemistry) A hydrogenated form of cytosine, 5,6-dihydrocytosine, that is an intermediate in DNA production


bayhead

A hammock or a "bayhead" (a cypress swamp) offers the next most favorable conditions, but a soil of nearly pure muck or vegetable detritus, of a fine floury texture, does not resist drouth as well as does the sandy flatwoods soil.

(ecology) A swamp habitat dominated by bay laurels.


ash dieback

Ash dieback is a major concern. Only ten years after its identification in the UK, the risks posed by dead and diseased trees is rising, says NR. In 2020, ash dieback was present in 73% of ash trees in England, 92% in Wales, and 21% in Scotland, with a rapid increase in tree mortality rates over the next six years expected.

2023 August 9, Mel Holley, “Network News: Scotland's £4.2bn plan to ensure network stability”, in RAIL, number 989, page 24:

(phytopathology) Dieback of ash trees caused by the fungus Hymenoscyphus fraxineus.


bradavidin

(biochemistry) Any of a group of homotetrameric biotin-binding proteins found in bacteria of the genus Bradyrhizobium


butyrogenic

butyrogenic (comparative more butyrogenic, superlative most butyrogenic)

more butyrogenic (comparative)
most butyrogenic (superlative)

(biochemistry) (of a microorganism) That forms butyrate by fermentation of glucose in the intestines.


diphosphooligosaccharide

(biochemistry) A diphosphate derivative of an oligosaccharide; they are intermediates in the metabolism of some carbohydrates


dopachrome

(biochemistry) A quinone, derived from L-DOPA, that is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of melanin


ʟ-dopa

L-DOPA (alternative)
levodopa (alternative)
levodopamine (alternative)

(biochemistry, pharmacology) The levorotatory form of dopa, used to treat Parkinson's disease.


fibropellin

(biochemistry) Any of a family of proteins that assist in epidermal growth by the promotion of proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal and epithelial cells


galactooligosaccharide

(biochemistry) Any oligosaccharide having galactose residues


oligofructose

(biochemistry) Any oligosaccharide composed of fructose residues


LOX

(genetics) The gene encoding for lysyl oxidase


recognin

(biochemistry, immunology) Any of a group of polypeptide antigens (protein fragments), produced from cancer cells, that are capable of recognizing some other specific types of cell


astrocytin

(biochemistry, immunology) A recognin, present on the cell membrane of astrocytes, found in the serum of patients with malignant glial tumors


malignin

(biochemistry, immunology) A recognin found in most malignant cancer cells.


satietogenic

satietogenic (comparative more satietogenic, superlative most satietogenic)

more satietogenic (comparative)
most satietogenic (superlative)

(biochemistry) That suppresses appetite for food


tamavidin

(biochemistry) Any of a group of avidin-like biotin-binding proteins found in the tamogitake mushroom (of genus Pleurotus).


xenavidin

(biochemistry) An avidin found in frogs of the genus Xenopus


zebavidin

(biochemistry) An avidin found in zebrafish.


carboxyterminal

(biochemistry) Relating to a carboxy terminus (of a polypeptide)


renanthera

(botany) Any of the genus Renanthera of large scrambling monopodial epiphytic and terrestrial flowering plants found in India, New Guinea, and the Philippines.


pavoninin

en-noun

pavoninin (countable and uncountable, plural pavoninins)

From pavoninus + -in, since it was isolated from the fish Pardachirus pavoninus.

(biochemistry) A saponin used as a shark repellent.


ichthyosarcotoxic

(biology, of a fish) Containing poison within its flesh.


oogenus

(taxonomy) An ootaxon, equivalent to a genus, used to classify fossilised dinosaur eggs


oofamily

(taxonomy) An ootaxon, equivalent to a family, used to classify fossilised dinosaur eggs


octaheme

(biochemistry) Eight heme groups in a hemoprotein


multiheme

(biochemistry) Multiple heme groups in a hemoprotein


peptonization

(physiology, biochemistry) The conversion of a protein into peptones under the influence of the enzyme pepsin


amidoligase

(biochemistry) Any ligase that catalyses the binding of an amido group, but especially one that catalyses the transfer of such a group from glutamine


cytoglobin

(biochemistry) A globin that is produced by all types of human and other mammalian cells


cytotaxonomy

(taxonomy) The classification of organisms based upon their cellular structure and function, and especially based on the number and structure of their chromosomes


demogenetics

(genetics, ecology) The genetics of populations of organisms


demogenetic

(genetics, ecology) Relating to demogenetics


hemiplasy

(genetics) A condition similar to homoplasy that is the topological discordance between a gene tree and a species tree attributable to lineage sorting of genetic polymorphisms that were retained across successive nodes in a species tree


introgressive

en-adj

introgressive (comparative more introgressive, superlative most introgressive)

more introgressive (comparative)
most introgressive (superlative)


plurispecific

(ecology) Composed of (similar) organisms of many different species


fetidin

(biochemistry) Any of a class of hemolytic and antibacterial glycoproteins present in the coelomic fluid of the earthworm Eisenia fetida


lysenin

(biochemistry) Any of a class of proteins, from the coelomic fluid of the earthworm Eisenia foetida, that induce erythrocyte lysis.


synanthropic

/ˌsɪnənˈθɹɑpɪk/

/ˌsɪnənˈθɹɒpɪk/

The demographic profile of these mouse remains based on dental age shows the presence of neonates and immature individuals, suggesting a stable synanthropic mouse population.

2012, Miloš Macholán, Evolution of the House Mouse, page 81:

(biology, of animals) Associated with humans.


Emlen funnel

Named after S. T. and J. T. Emlen, who introduced the technique in 1966.

(ornithology) A funnel-shaped orientation cage used to study the migratory instincts of birds.


chusquea

(botany) Any of the genus Chusquea of evergreen bamboos, mostly native to mountain sites in Central and South America.


bioelectrochemical

(biochemistry) Relating to biochemistry and electricity


rhizodeposit

(biology) Sloughed-off plant cells, in the rhizosphere, that are fed on by bacteria


phylloplane

On the island of Barro Colorado, with an area of 23 square kilometres, at least 43 species of the genus Poecilominettia co-exist, all of which are known to feed upon the same material, namely phylloplane fungi.

1989, Elcy C. Broadhead, “The species of Poecilominettia, Homoeominettia and Floriminettia (Diptera, Lauxaniidae) in Panama”, in Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology, volume 58, number 2, pages 185–226:

(ecology) The surface of a leaf, considered as a habitat


subcrenate

(botany, zoology) Having a notched or scalloped margin


silky lacewing

The beautiful silky lacewings (Psychopsidae) have their headquarters in Australia, where some 12 species have been described.

1983, Grolier Society of Australia, The Australian Encyclopaedia, volume 6, page 45:

Psychopsidae, the silky lacewings, is clearly the most plesiomorphic family of the superfamily, with 26 species conforming to an early Gondwanan distribution in South Africa, Australia, and parts of Asia.

1997, Charles S. Henry, “11: Modern mating systems in archaic Holometabola: sexuality in neuropterid insects”, in Jae C. Choe, Bernard J. Crespi, editors, The Evolution of Mating Systems in Insects and Arachnids, page 204:

The suborder consists of five extant families; the Psychopsidae (silky lacewings), Nemopteridae (spoon- or thread- winged lacewings), Nymphidae (split-footed lacewings), Myrmeleontidae (antlions), and Ascalaphidae (owlflies).

2005, David Grimaldi, Evolution of the Insects, page 342:

(zoology) Any insect of the family Psychopsidae.


gonarcus

The gonarcus (fig. 5) is situated internally between the anal segment and the ninth sternite.

1961, Agricultural Experiment Station, Bulletin A, page 49:

1988, Neuroptera International, Volume 5 - Volume 7, Issue 2, page 60,
Its shape is related to the structure of the gonarcus-parameres complex and of the coaptation structures which exist between this complex and the subgenital plate.

Defining features of the Neuroptera include the association of the ninth gonocoxites with the gonarcus and the peculiar sucking-mandibulate mouthparts of the larvae (U. Aspock et al., 2001).

2005, David Grimaldi, Evolution of the Insects, page 341:

(zoology) An arched structure that is a principal feature of the male genitalia of some insects.


trichophyte

From tricho- (“hair”) + -phyte (“plant”).

(mycology) Any organism of the fungus genus Trichophyton.


necrotrophy

From necro- (“dead”) + -trophy (“nourishment”).

confix

(biology) The condition of being necrotrophic.


phallobase

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-phallobase.wav

(entomology) the base (proximal part) of the phallus


postclypeus

(entomology) The upper (proximal) portion of the clypeus in insects such as the cicada.


pygofer

From pygo- (“posterior”) + Latin -fer (“-bearing”).

(entomology) The last segment of the abdomen of some insects


uridylation

(biochemistry) The addition of one or more uridine moieties.


valvifer

(entomology) Any of the basal plates of an insect's ovipositor that arise from the eighth and ninth abdominal segments


visfatin

(biochemistry) An adipocyte hormone associated with diabetes mellitus


octopine

Octopus octopodia (the common octopus) + -ine (chemically basic or alkaloidal substance)

(biochemistry) An analog of lactic acid, derived from the amino acids arginine and alanine, first isolated from the muscle tissue of octopus species.


chemotopic

(physiology, biochemistry) Relating to, or by means of chemotopy


chemotopy

(physiology, biochemistry) (the study of) the orderly spatial arrangement of olfactory glomeruli


deribosylation

(biochemistry) The removal of a ribose or ribosyl group from a molecule, especially from a polypeptide or protein


excisionase

(biochemistry) A bacteriophage protein that regulates the assembly of the excisive intasome and inhibits viral integration


intasome

(biochemistry) A nucleoprotein complex active in integration of DNA from a bacteriophage into a host.


hydrogenlyase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the removal of hydrogen from a compound, but especially one that converts formic acid into carbon dioxide and molecular hydrogen


mesothermophile

(biology) Any organism that prefers to live in the moderate temperatures of temperate zones


protoheme

(biochemistry, followed by a Roman numeral) A synonym for any of several hemes (followed by a letter)


bioreagent

(biochemistry) Any reagent (especially an enzyme) of biological origin

(biochemistry) Any reagent used in biochemistry


subcultivation

en-noun

subcultivation (countable and uncountable, plural subcultivations)

(biology) Any fraction (of cells) into which a cultivation is divided when the concentration of cells hampers further growth.


submonomer

(biochemistry) Any small molecule used in the stepwise synthesis of a polymer (especially a polypeptide)


phylogram

(genetics) A phylogenetic tree that has branch spans proportional to the amount of character change.


ricochetal

(zoology) Composed of a series of ricochets (or a fast succession of hops).


mycobiota

the mycobiota of Ireland

the mycobiota of cocoa

(biology) All of the fungi present in a particular geographic region or habitat type


barrelless

somatosensory cortex
somatosensory cortex

(biology, of a mouse) Lacking barrels in the somatosensory cortex.


chemosynthesized

(biochemistry) Produced by chemosynthesis.


consomic

(genetics, of a strain) inbred and with one of its chromosomes replaced by the homologous chromosome of another inbred strain via a series of marker-assisted backcrosses


robotnikin

Robotnik + -in, after Dr. Robotnik, the main villain in Sonic the Hedgehog video games. See sonic hedgehog.

Robotnikin, a novel small molecule inhibitor of Shh-Ptch1 binding, was identified in a screen of bacterially expressed Shh N-terminal peptide by small molecule microarrays.

2011, YH Chia, CX Ma, Hedgehog pathway inhibitors: potential applications in breast cancer:

hedgehog signalling pathway
hedgehog signalling pathway

(biochemistry) A potential inhibitor of the hedgehog signalling pathway.


bisubstrate

(biochemistry, of an enzyme) That targets two separate substrates


chaoptin

(biochemistry) A photoreceptor cell-specific membrane glycoprotein


neuroplastin

(biochemistry) A transmembrane immunoglobin protein.


neurothelin

(biochemistry) A cell-surface glycoprotein associated with the blood/brain barrier


zebrin

From zebra + -in, because of the stripes.

(biochemistry, neuroscience) Any of the molecules expressed by subsets of Purkinje cells that reveal the underlying zone-and-stripe architecture of the cerebellum.


truncational

(geology, biochemistry) Relating to truncation.


bioenhancer

(biochemistry, medicine) Any naturally-occurring compound (especially in food) that increases drug bioavailability


Utonagan

(zoology) A large dog of a breed resembling wolves, bred from the Alaskan Malamute, Siberian Husky, and German Shepherd, and related to the Northern Inuit Dog.


Karelian Bear Dog

Karelian Bear Dog (plural Karelian Bear Dogs)

(zoology) A large hunting dog of a breed originating in Finland or Karelia.


araphid

(phycology) Any pennate diatom that lacks raphes


biovolume

The separate biovolumes of herbivores, predators, parasites, and detritivores did not vary consistently with grass treatment (Table 2 ).

2015 July 10, “Grassland Arthropods Are Controlled by Direct and Indirect Interactions with Cattle but Are Largely Unaffected by Plant Provenance”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(ecology) A surrogate for biomass, used in ecological studies of invertebrates (normally quoted in cubic millimetres).


codistributed

(ecology) distributed along with another (species etc)


pseudocyclic

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-pseudocyclic.wav

(biochemistry) Describing a variant of the cyclic photophosphorylation process of photosynthesis in which molecular oxygen replaces one of the other moieties in part of the cycle


fraktaline

2008, Marie-Pia d'Ortho, MMP's, inflammation and pulmonary arterial hypertension, Vincent Lagente, Elisabeth Boichot, Matrix Metalloproteinases in Tissue Remodelling and Inflammation, page 90,
Lungs of IPAH patients have increased expression of fraktaline, a chemokine involved in T cell trafficking and monocyte recruitment, and their circulating CD4 and CD8 T cells have higher levels of the fraktaline receptor CX3CR1 when compared with controls or samples of patients with thromboembolic PAH.

2013 October 12, Moheb Costandi The Mind Menders, New Scientist, No. 2938, page 46,
For example, active neurons seem to signal their health by producing a substance called fraktaline, which might warn the microglia to leave its synapses alone.

(biochemistry, immunology) A chemokine involved in chemical signalling in the immune system.


Sry

(biochemistry) the sex-determining region on Y chromosome gene

(biochemistry) the testis determinant factor


DIET

direct interspecies electron transfer#English

(microbiology) Abbreviation of direct interspecies electron transfer.


myosote

myosote (countable and uncountable, plural myosotes)

And laden barges float
By banks of myosote;
And scented flag and golden flower-de-lys
Delay the loitering boat.

before 1899, Robert Seymour Bridges, There is a Hill


mannobiose

(biochemistry) Either of two isomeric disaccharides formed from two mannose moieties


mannohexaose

(biochemistry) An oligosaccharide composed of six mannose moieties (or of three mannobiose moieties).


mannopentaose

(biochemistry) An oligosaccharide composed of five mannose moieties


mannotetraose

(biochemistry) An oligosaccharide composed of four mannose moieties (or of two mannobiose moieties)


mannotriose

(biochemistry) A trisaccharide composed of three mannose moieties.


mimotope

(biochemistry) Any biological macromolecule (especially a peptide) that mimics an epitope


monocopy

(genetics) Describing any gene that has a copy number of one


symbionin

(biochemistry) An aphid endosymbiont-specific chaperonin protein


conchostracan

(zoology) Any clam shrimp of the former order Conchostraca.


haptor

(zoology) A complex organ (having hooks and suckers) in some parasitic worms.


homoneurous

Ancient Greek ὁμός (homós) + Ancient Greek νεῦρον (neûron) + -ous

affix

(entomology) Of insects, principally moths, having a similar venation in the fore and hind wings; not belonging to Heteroneura.


sacculinization

From Sacculina (“barnacle”) and -ization.

(zoology) A process in which parasites evolve to lose sense organs and become simpler organisms.


sciaphilous

en-adj

sciaphilous (comparative more sciaphilous, superlative most sciaphilous)

more sciaphilous (comparative)
most sciaphilous (superlative)
sciophilous (alternative)


cyclomorphosis

The most conspicuous cyclomorphosis involves the formation of body processes and spines or the development of crests.

2007, Winfried Lampert, Limnoecology: The Ecology of Lakes and Streams, page 192:

(biology) Cyclic or seasonal changes in morphology.


microhaplotype

(genetics) Any haplotype that has very few alleles


sphaerocyst

sphaerocysts (plural)
spherocyst (alternative)

1996, Mark Brundrett, Working with Mycorrhizas in Forestry and Agriculture, Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research, page 121,
Russulaceae is distinguished from other families of mushroom-like fungi with gills by the presence of cells (swollen hyphae called sphaerocysts) and filaments which constitute the fruit bodies and can be observed under the microscope in the gill trama and other parts. All other families lack sphaerocysts.

1998, Jacob Heilmann-Clausen, Annemieke Verbeken, Jan Vesterholt, The genus Lactarius, Danish Mycological Society, page 17,
The trama of Russula and Lactarius is termed heteromerous because of the presence of sphaerocysts (globose cells). These sphaerocysts occur in clusters, called rosettes.

2010, R. K. Sharma, D, K. Agarwal, 12: Morphotaxonomic Studies of Poisonous Mushrooms, K. G. Mukerji, C. Manoharachary (editors), Taxonomy and Ecology of Indian Fungi, page 192,
A trama bearing many of these sphaerocysts is called a “heteromerous” (meaning “made of multiple parts”) trama. The opposite expression for an ordinary trama without sphaerocysts is “homoiomerous trama.”

(mycology) A rounded cell, found in clusters within the trama of some mushrooms.


carbonmonoxyhemoglobin

en-noun

carbonmonoxyhemoglobin (usually uncountable, plural carbonmonoxyhemoglobins)

carbonmonoxyhemoglobins (plural)
carbonmonoxyhaemoglobin (alternative)

(biochemistry) Synonym of carboxyhemoglobin.


chlororespiration

(biochemistry) An electron-transport process, analogous to respiration, that occurs in plant chloroplasts.


photoacclimate

en-verb

photoacclimate (third-person singular simple present photoacclimates, present participle photoacclimating, simple past and past participle photoacclimated)

photoacclimates (present singular third-person)
photoacclimating (participle present)
photoacclimated (participle past)
photoacclimated (past)

(biology) To acclimate to a particular light environment


photoacclimation

(biology) acclimation to a particular light environment


photoacclimatory

en-adj

photoacclimatory (comparative more photoacclimatory, superlative most photoacclimatory)

more photoacclimatory (comparative)
most photoacclimatory (superlative)


pathotype

(biology) Any of a group of organisms (of the same species) that have the same pathogenicity on a specified host.


gekkotan

(zoology) Any member of the Gekkota infraorder of reptiles, the geckos.


scincomorph

Clipping of translingual Scincomorpha, likely from skink -o- translingual -morpha

clipping

translingual <i class="Latn mention" lang="mul">Scincomorpha</i>

(zoology) Any member of the Scincomorpha.


adipokinesis

(biochemistry, physiology) The mobilization of fat as part of lipid metabolism


antityrosinase

(biochemistry, immunology) That counters the action of tyrosinase


coactosin

(biochemistry) An actin-binding protein originally isolated from Dictyostelium


strigiform

There's still something boyish about Muldoon, and still something birdlike; strigiform.

2001 May 12, Robert Potts, “The poet at play”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:

(zoology) Belonging to the order Strigiformes of owls.


heteromannan

(biochemistry) A form of mannan composed of two or more different monomers (from mannose, galactose or glucose)


heteroxylan

(biochemistry) A form of xylan in which some of the xylose residues are replaced by glucuronic acid


lichenase

(biochemistry) Any glucanase that can hydrolyse lichenins


metaxylem

en-noun

metaxylem (countable and uncountable, plural metaxylems)

(biology) The part of xylem, developing after protoxylem, that has larger cells and vessels.


xyloglucanase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that breaks down xyloglucans.


LPL

lipoprotein lipase
lipoprotein lipase#English

(biochemistry) Initialism of lipoprotein lipase.


macrozoobenthos

(biology) benthic animals that are big enough to be seen with the naked eye


polyoid

(genetics) Having multiple copies of each chromosome


calexcitin

(biochemistry) A calcium-binding protein associated with learning in invertebrates


deoxyglucosone

(biochemistry) Either of two isomeric dicarbonyl sugars associated with diabetes


desuccinylase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that promotes desuccinylation


myohemerythrin

(biochemistry) The oxygen-carrying protein found in the muscles of some marine invertebrates


nonfossiliferous

(paleontology) Not fossiliferous; not containing fossils.

fossilleer

not fossiliferous, not containing fossils


clitellate

(zoology) Any annelid worm of the class Clitellata.


palynivore

/pəˈlɪnəvɔːɹ/

From Ancient Greek παλύνω (palúnō, “I sprinkle or scatter”) (from πάλη (pálē, “fine meal, dust”)) + -vore.

uder

(zoology) Any organism that feeds on pollen; a pollinivore.


antichymotrypsin

(biochemistry) Any serpin that inhibits chymotrypsin


exoglucanase

(biochemistry) any glucanase / cellulase that is active outside of the organism that produced it


stoloniferan

(zoology) Any octocoral of the suborder Stolonifera.


desert rose

/dɪˈzɜːt ɹəʊz/

A flowering plant of species Adenium obesum, native to Africa and the Middle East; a common ornamental.

A star rose, gooseberry rose (Rosa stellata), a rose native to North America.

Sturt’s desert rose (Gossypium sturtianum), of Australia.


allospecific

(taxonomy) Relating to a different species.


antibiotype

(microbiology) A set of organisms that are resistant to a particular antibiotic.

antibiotipo

a set of organisms resistant to a particular antibiotic


caudiciform

en-adj

caudiciform (comparative more caudiciform, superlative most caudiciform)

more caudiciform (comparative)
most caudiciform (superlative)

(botany) Having a thick stem; pachycaul.


endolith

Endoliths have been found in a variety of environments, from the shallow surface to the deep terrestrial and ocean crust.

(biology) An organism (generally a small or micro-organism) living inside rocks.


hyperconserved

(genetics) conserved through very many generations


osmotrophy

(biology) The movement of dissolved nutrients by means of osmosis


tautomerase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes a tautomerization reaction


collective fruit

en-noun

collective fruit (plural collective fruits)

While the true aggregate fruit is produced by the ovaria of a single flower, a collective fruit, if aggregate, is produced by the ovaria of many flowers

1832, John Lindley, An Introduction to Botany:

(botany) Any fruit formed from a mass of flowers, such as the mulberry or pineapple.


dorsal vessel

(entomology) A central pulsating blood vessel along the back of insects that circulates hemolymph (blood).


rigor caloris

(biology, archaic) A heat-induced form of rigor mortis


united flower

(botany) A flower of a kind that has the stamens and pistils in the same flower.


salinixanthin

(biochemistry) The light-harvesting carotenoid antenna of xanthorhodopsin.


xanthorhodopsin

xanthorhodopsin (countable and uncountable, plural xanthorhodopsins)

(biochemistry) A light-driven carotenoid proton pump found in Salinibacter ruber


araliaceous

(botany, relational) Of or relating to the family Araliaceae.


pariah dog

pariah dogs (plural)
pariah (alternative)

Ultimately from Sanskrit पर (para, “distant; outsider, stranger”).

der

Indian pariah dog
Indian pariah dog#English

(zoology) Ellipsis of Indian pariah dog, a breed indigenous to India.

(zoology) Synonym of pye-dog: a half-wild stray dog, particularly in Indian contexts.


verbenalin

(biochemistry) An iridoid glucoside obtained from verbena.


verbascoside

en-noun

verbascoside (countable and uncountable, plural verbascosides)

(biochemistry) A phenylethanoid (with hydroxytyrosol) and phenylpropanoid (with caffeic acid) sugar ester found in Verbascum and other plants.


anoxygenic photosynthesis

(biochemistry) A form of photosynthesis, employed by certain bacteria, in which oxygen is not produced.


pelt rot

(veterinary medicine, obsolete) A disease affecting the hair or wool of an animal.


luxuriant flower

luxuriant flower (plural luxuriant flowers)

(botany, archaic) A flower in which the floral envelopes are overdeveloped at the expense of the essential organs.


apodiform

(zoology) Belonging to the order Apodiformes, including swifts and hummingbirds.


narcomedusan

(zoology) Of or relating to the Narcomedusae.


paleoherb

(botany) A flowering plant which is neither a eudicot nor a monocot.


notosuchian

suffix

translingual <i class="Latn mention" lang="mul">Notosuchia</i>

(zoology) A member of the Notosuchia, a suborder of primarily Gondwanan mesoeucrocodylian crocodylomorphs that lived during the Cretaceous period.


deiodase

(biochemistry) An enzyme that catalyses the removal of iodine from iodothyronine; its deficiency causes goitre


cebrionine

(entomology, rare) Of or relating to the Cebrioninae, a subfamily of click beetles in the family Elateridae.


folivorous

Finally, if muriquis are strongly folivorous, they should conserve energy expenditure by using a relatively small area with just enough leaf sources to meet their nutritional needs, and devote a large proportion of their day to resting.

1992, Karen B. Strier, Faces in the Forest: The Endangered Muriqui Monkeys of Brazil:


multiflowered

(botany) Having more than one flower to a stem.


muco-

From international scientific vocabulary, reflecting a New Latin combining form, from mucus; more at mucus § Etymology.

classical compound
international scientific vocabulary


hybridogenesis

(biology) A form of reproduction resembling parthenogenesis, but hemiclonal rather than completely asexual: half the genome is passed intact to the next generation, while the other half is discarded. It occurs in some animals that are hybrids between species.


prophy

(informal, veterinary medicine) Cleaning and polishing of an animal's teeth.


selenophosphate synthetase

en-noun

selenophosphate synthetase (plural selenophosphate synthetases)

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyses the formation of a selenophosphate


memapsin

(biochemistry) membrane-associated aspartic protease


percopsiform

(zoology) Any fish of the order Percopsiformes


minicircle

(genetics) One of the forms of circular DNA in a kinetoplast (the other being maxicircles). They produce gRNA (guide RNA) to decode the encrypted information in the maxicircles, typically through the insertion or deletion of uridine residues.


maxicircle

(genetics) One of the forms of circular DNA in a kinetoplast (the other being minicircles). They encode the typical protein products needed for the mitochondria.


editosome

(genetics) A multiprotein complex that catalyzes the editing of RNA.


globularetin

(biochemistry, archaic) A cleavage product of globularin, with purgative and diuretic properties.


peaness

A rose comb is therefore regarded as a single comb in which roseness is present but peaness is absent; and a pea comb is similarly a single one where peaness is present and roseness is absent.

1909, The Eugenics Review, volume 1, page 136:

(biology) The property of being a pea comb.


biogeology

(geology, biology) The interdisciplinary study of the interactions between the Earth's biosphere and the lithosphere, which incorporates both biology and geology.


roseness

(biology) The property of being a rose comb.


lysinoalanine

lysinoalanine (countable and uncountable, plural lysinoalanines)

(biochemistry) An unusual and possibly harmful amino acid found in certain food products.


advergence

Coined by evolutionary biologists L. P. Brower and J. van Z. Brower in 1972 for the paper "Parallelism, convergence, divergence, and the new concept of advergence in the evolution of mimicry" on the pattern of convergence, substituting ad- for con- to emphasize the one-sidedness of the approach. Borrowed into linguistics by Peter Auer in 1998. By surface analysis, ad- + verge + -ence, from Latin vergere (“to turn, incline”), from Proto-Italic *wergō, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wérg-e-ti, from *h₂werg- (“to turn”).

surf

(biology) The evolution of a mimic to resemble its model more closely.


arthropodin

(biochemistry) Any of a class of proteins found in the cuticles of insects.


combretaceous

(botany, relational) Of or relating to the family Combretaceae.


fieldwort

From Middle English feldewort, feldwurt, feltwyrt, from Old English feldwyrt (“fieldwort, gentian”), equivalent to field + wort.


autocidal

(agriculture, bacteriology) Relating to autocide.


cryophile

(ecology) an organism that thrives at low temperatures


ombrophobic

en-adj

ombrophobic (comparative more ombrophobic, superlative most ombrophobic)

more ombrophobic (comparative)
most ombrophobic (superlative)

(biology) Not capable of thriving in areas of heavy rainfall.


mniaceous

Although Roellobryon is morphologically similar to Rhodobryum and Rosulabryum, recent molecular studies suggest that it is closer to Mniaceae than Bryaceae. Superficially, under the light microscope, the species looks distinctly mniaceous; […]

2014, Flora of North America North of Mexico, page 186:

(botany) Of or relating to the family Mniaceae of mosses.


modiolid

(zoology) Any in the genus Modiolus of mussels.


oxalidaceous

(botany) Of or relating to the family Oxalidaceae of wood sorrel and its close relatives.


ortet

Coined by A. B. Stout in 1929 from Latin ortus (“origin”) + -et.

(botany) The original single parent plant from which a clone ultimately derives.


celastraceous

(botany) Of or relating to the family Celastraceae of staff vines and bittersweets.


nectarivore

Insects visiting flowers of H. spinosa can be divided into two guilds: nectarivores (small flies and ants) and pollinivores (bees and hoverflies), which differ in pollination attributes.

1999, Ecology Abstracts, volume 25, Bethesda, Md.: Cambridge Scientific Abstracts, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 107:

During the same time that A[pis] m[ellifera] adansonii encounters on flowers were registered, we noted the type of floral products collected by this bee. This parameter was measured to determine if A. m. adansonii is strictly a pollinivore, nectarivore or pollinivore and nectarivore. This could give us an idea of its implication as a cross-pollinator of G[ossypium] hirsutum.

2015, Mazi Sanda, “Foraging and Pollination Behaviour of Apis mellifera adansonii Latreille (Hymenoptera, Apidae) on Gossypium hirsutum L. (Malvaceae) Flowers at Dang (Naoundere, Cameroon)”, in Michel Fok, Ousmane Ndoye, Siaka Koné, editors, AGRAR-2013: 1st Conference of African Research on Agriculture, Food, and Nutrition. Yamoussoukro, Côte d'Ivoire, June 4–6, 2013. Agriculture and the Challenges of Food and Nutrition in Africa: The Contributions of Research in the Cotton Zone = AGRAR-2013 : 1re conférence de la recherche africaine sur l'agriculture, l'alimentation et la nutrition. Yamoussoukro, Côte d'Ivoire, 4–6 juin 2013. L'agriculture face aux défis de l'alimentation et de la nutrition en Afrique : quels apports de la recherche dans les pays cotonniers, Gembloux, Belgium: Les Presses Agronomiques de Gembloux, →ISBN, page 164:

(zoology) An animal that principally eats nectar.


clonemate

(biology) An individual that has undergone only clonal reproduction since its most recent ancestor in common with another.


globularin

(biochemistry) A glucoside obtained from the leaves of Globularia alypum and Globularia vulgaris.


globularia

/ˌɡlɒb.jʊˈlɛəɹi.ə/

How seldom do we see the globularias in modern gardens, though these sea- and salt-lovers may be planted with confidence in any garden by the shore.

1964, Christine Kelway, Seaside gardening, page 120:

(botany) Any of the genus Globularia of flowering plants.


cytoproct

(biology) The anal opening in a unicellular organism.


antisweet

antisweet (comparative more antisweet, superlative most antisweet)

more antisweet (comparative)
most antisweet (superlative)

an antisweet triterpenoid

(biochemistry) Countering a sweet taste.


lactisole

(biochemistry) The sodium salt of 2-(4-methoxyphenoxy)propionic acid. It is an antisweet compound.


hodulcine

(biochemistry) A glycoside isolated from the leaves of Hovenia dulcis Thunb., the Japanese raisin tree. It is an antisweet compound.


gymnemic acid

(biochemistry) Any of a group of antisweet glycosides isolated from the leaves of Gymnema sylvestre.


ganoderic acid

en-noun

ganoderic acid (countable and uncountable, plural ganoderic acids)

(biochemistry) Any of a class of closely related triterpenoids found in Ganoderma mushrooms.


acanthin

(zoology, dated) strontium sulfate, the main constituent of the skeletons of the Acantharea


backmutation

backmutation (countable and uncountable, plural backmutations)

backmutations (plural)
back mutation (alternative)

(genetics) A mutation that restores the original sequence and hence the original phenotype.


megagametogenesis

(botany) The development of a megaspore into an embryo sac.


pollinarium

/ˌpɒlɪˈnɛəɹi.əm/

First used in H. F. Link's Elementa philosophiæ botanicæ (1824), formed from classical Latin pollin- (pollen) and the suffix -arium (place for).¹

(botany) The structure in an orchid flower which becomes attached to an insect during pollination. Includes the pollinia, caudicle, and viscidium.


exophoric

en-adj

exophoric (comparative more exophoric, superlative most exophoric)

more exophoric (comparative)
most exophoric (superlative)

en:relating to or afflicted with exophoria, in medicine

(biology, medicine) Relating to, or afflicted with, exophoria.


glymphatic

Blend of glial + lymphatic; from late 2013.

Recent research has shown that sleep allows for the clearing of toxic substances from the brain. It does this through the glymphatic system, which is the brain's equivalent of the lymphatic system.

2015, Alexandra Armitage, Advanced Practice Nursing Guide to the Neurological Exam, Springer Publishing, page 205:

Hence, an increase of BWC^([brain water content]) can only occur though an increased flow of water from the intravascular space into the brain parenchyma by an increase in glymphatic influx or by a reduced glymphatic efflux.

2017, Nikolaus Pleslila, “4: Experimental Techniques to Investigate the Formation of Brain Edema In Vivo”, in Jérôme Badaut, Nikolaus Plesnila, editors, Brain Edema: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Practice, Elsevier (Academic Press), page 72:

The glymphatic system is most active during sleep and is largely disengaged during waking hours.

2017, Amy Berger, The Alzheimer's Antidote, Chelsea Green Publishing, page 216:

central nervous system
central nervous system

(biology, anatomy) Of or relating to the waste clearance pathway for the central nervous system of vertebrates.

glymfaattinen

of or relating to the waste clearance pathway of the central nervous system


phalaenopsis

Moth orchids, or phalaenopsis, are indigenous to countries such as the Philippines and Malaysia. Some of the most gothic-looking slipper orchids are found in steamy Sumatra.

2019 April 10, Adrian Higgins, “This florist started caring for ailing orchids on the side. He’s now babysitting 13,000.”, in The Washington Post:

(botany) Any of the genus Phalaenopsis of moth orchids.


entoproct

(zoology) Any member of the phylum Entoprocta, mostly sessile aquatic animals.


gnathostomulid

(zoology) Any member of the Gnathostomulida, the phylum of jaw worms. They are nearly microscopic marine animals that inhabit sand and mud beneath shallow coastal waters.


uniramian

(zoology) Any member of the Uniramia, a group of arthropods.


actinopod

(zoology) Any member of the variously ranked group Actinopoda of protozoa.


tabebuia

(botany) Any of the plants in the genus Tabebuia.


epidendrum

(botany) Any plant of the genus Epidendrum.


laeliocattleya

(botany) Any plant of the genus Laeliocattleya.


sophrocattleya

(botany) Any plant of the genus Sophrocattleya.


calanthe

(botany) Any plant of the genus Calanthe.


paphiopedilum

(botany) Any plant of the genus Paphiopedilum.


arthropodization

(biology) The appearance of hard, ring-like joints around the legs.


carcinization

term-label

(American spelling, Oxford British English)

/ˌkɑːsɪnɪˈzeɪʃn̩/

From Ancient Greek καρκῐ́νος (karkĭ́nos, “crab”) + English -ization (suffix forming nouns denoting the act, process, or result of doing or making something), coined by British zoologist Lancelot Alexander Borradaile (1872–1945) in a 1916 report: see the quotation.

der

[page 121] Porcellanopagurus is a quite independent case of the phenomenon which may be called "carcinization," and which consists essentially in a reduction of the abdomen of a macrurous crustacean, together with a depression and broadening of its cephalothorax, so that the animal assumes the general habit of body of a crab. [...] [page 125] It may be doubted whether the conditions of life play any part other than a purely permissive one in the realization of the tendency to carcinization. [...] The tendency to carcinization, emerging independently from time to time, has led in each case to different habits, but the obligation to the change must have lain always within, not without the obligation.

1916, L[ancelot] A[lexander] Borradaile, Crustacea. Part II.—Porcellanopagurus: An Instance of Carcinization (British Museum (Natural History); British Antarctic (“Terra Nova”) Expedition, 1910, Natural History Report; Zoology; vol. III, no. 3), London: […] Trustees of the British Museum; […], →OCLC, pages 121 and 125:

[L]arval forms of the two groups [hermit crabs and king crabs] are remarkably alike; and carcinization (the evolution of crablike features) appears to have been a recurring theme in hermit crab evolution under ecological circumstances where the shells of gastropod snails are of limited availability (as for example in the deep sea).

1994, John C[harles] Avise, “Species Phylogenies and Macroevolution”, in Molecular Markers, Natural History and Evolution, Boston, Mass., Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, published 2001, →ISBN, part II (Application), page 309:

Presumably, to become a "true crab" requires that a reptant decapod undergo carcinization (Borradaile, 1916) or brachyurization (Števcic, 1971). Although the two terms appear here to be synonymous, we believe that not all authors who have employed "carcinization" or "brachyurization" have had quite the same phenomenon in mind. For example, Martin & Abele (1986) defined carcinization as the reduction and folding of the abdomen beneath the thorax, whereas Sluys (1992) used carcinization to mean the evolution of a crab-like appearance as in lithodids. To Blackstone (1989) hermit crabs became carcinized through broadening of the carapace and reduced shell-inhabiting. In this first component we address anomuran carcinization only from the perspective of adult morphology.

1997 January, Patsy A. McLaughlin, Rafael Lemaitre, “Carcinization in the Anomura – Fact or Fiction?: I. Evidence from Adult Morphology”, in Contributions to Zoology, volume 67, number 2, Amsterdam: SPB Academic Publishing, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2018-12-12, page 79, column 2:

It seems certain that carcinisation, return to a crab-like habitus, has evolved several times in the Anomura.

2004, Gary C. B. Poore, “Anomura – Hermit Crabs, Porcelain Crabs and Squat Lobsters”, in Marine Decapod Crustacea of Southern Australia: A Guide to Identification, Collingwood, Vic.: CSIRO Publishing, →ISBN, page 215:

Three independent carcinization events are identified (in Lithodidae, Porcellanidae, and Lomisidae). [...] Such a scenario may seem unlikely owing to the complex characters involved, but if carcinization has multiple, independent origins, then adaptation to dextral shell habitation may also be plausible.

2009, Shane T[imothy] Ahyong, Kareen E. Schnabel, Elizabeth W. Maas, “Anomuran Phylogeny: New Insights from Molecular Data”, in Joel W. Martin, Keith A. Crandall, Darryl L. Felder, editors, Decapod Crustacean Phylogenetics (Crustacean Issues; 18), Boca Raton, Fla.: CRC Press, published 15 January 2015, →ISBN, abstract, page 399:

Porcellanids are, after brachyuran crabs, the most successful decapod group to achieve a crab-like body form through carcinisation. Unlike brachyurans, porcellanids retained the ability to swim by flapping their abdomen, armed with a well developed tail fan. Here, we present an exceptional case of carcinisation, with the South-American porcellanid, Allopetrolisthes spinifrons, an obligatory commensal of the sea-anemone species Phymactis papillosa and Phymanthea pluvia.

2010, Alexandra Hiller, Carlos Antonio Viviana, Bernd Werding, “Hypercarcinisation: An Evolutionary Novelty in the Commensal Porcellanid Allopetrolisthes spinifrons (Crustacea: Decapoda: Porcellanidae)”, in Nauplius^(https://web.archive.org/web/20120425232740/http://www.crustacea.org.br/artigos/728_25_18(1)_95-102_-_Hiller,_Viviani,_Werding.pdf), volume 18, number 1, São Paulo, Brazil: Sociedade Brasileira de Cancerologia, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2012-04-25, abstract, page 95:

Porcelain crabs (Galatheoidea: Porcellanidae) and the hairy stone crab (Lomisoidea: Lomisidae) are also highly carcinised. They represent two additional independent instances of carcinisation within the Anomura, although their derivation has received much less attention than that of the king crabs.

2011, Shane T[imothy] Ahyong, Kareen A. Schnabel, Enrique Macpherson, “Phylogeny and Fossil Record of Marine Squat Lobsters”, in Gary C. B. Poore, Shane T. Ahyong, Joanne Taylor, editors, The Biology of Squat Lobsters, Collingwood, Vic.: CSIRO Publishing; Boca Raton, Fla.: CRC Press, →ISBN, page 78, column 1:

convergent evolution
convergent evolution

(evolutionary theory, zoology) The convergent evolution of decapod crustaceans from forms dissimilar to true crabs into similar forms.

Contributions to Zoology
Lancelot Alexander Borradaile


dermatopontin

en-noun

dermatopontin (usually uncountable, plural dermatopontins)

extracellular matrix
extracellular matrix

(biochemistry) An extracellular matrix protein


trab

(zoology) A structural element within a sponge, formed by the fusion of dendroclones.


loranthaceous

From translingual Loranthaceae + -ous, from Loranthus, from Ancient Greek λῶρος (lôros, “thong”) + ἄνθος (ánthos, “flower”).

(botany) Of or relating to the family Loranthaceae of showy mistletoes.


zamiaceous

(botany) Of or relating to the family Zamiaceae.


passageable

en-adj

passageable (comparative more passageable, superlative most passageable)

more passageable (comparative)
most passageable (superlative)

(cytology, virology) Capable of being maintained or preserved indefinitely by transplantation in tissue cultures or other organisms.


parthenium

(botany) Any of the genus Parthenium of flowering plants in the aster family.


mesogastropod

(zoology) Any member of the Mesogastropoda, a former taxonomic group of snails.


phthirapteran

(entomology) Any member of the order Phthiraptera of lice.


EM

en-noun

EM (countable and uncountable, plural EMs)

(biology, countable) Initialism of Effective Microorganism.


psilostrophe

The psilostrophes are palatable and usually occur every season.

1934, The Southwestern Sheep and Goat Raiser, volume 5, page 16:

(botany) Any member of the genus Psilostrophe.


rufoferruginous

en-adj

rufoferruginous (comparative more rufoferruginous, superlative most rufoferruginous)

more rufoferruginous (comparative)
most rufoferruginous (superlative)


Pribnow box

(genetics) The nucleotide sequence TATAAT, an essential part of a promoter site on DNA for transcription to occur in bacteria.


dextrinoid

Melzer's reagent
Melzer's reagent#English

(mycology) Applied to a mushroom that turns reddish-brown upon application of Melzer's reagent.


adultoid

An adultoid is a mature alate that remains in the colony, sheds its wings and becomes a functional reproductive.

2002, V. M. Uys, A guide to the termite genera of Southern Africa, page 6:

(zoology) A premature adult form of an insect.


acousticolateralis

(ichthyology) A system of hearing and vibration detection in fishes.


lung volume

(biology) The volume of air associated with different phases of the respiratory cycle.


leptosporangiate

[…]which being leptosporangiate cannot be closely related to Isoetes, the sporangia appear late in the history of the leaf.

1900, Robert Wilson Smith, Structure and Development of Sporangia and Sporophylls of Isoetes, page 330:

In fact, it seems that in the Primary rocks the distinctive Leptosporangiate annulus was at least rare, if it existed at all.

1908, Frederick Orpen Bower, The Origin of a Land Flora, page 639:

Most of his material, which includes a variety of leptosporangiate species, was obtained from greenhouses.

1922, John Merle Coulter, Sir Humphry Davy, M.S. Coulter, The Collected Works of Sir Humphry Davy: Discourses Delivered before the Royal Society: Elements of Agricultural Chemistry, Part 1, page 264:

(botany) Having sporangia that were each formed from a single epidermal cell; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of ferns of this kind.


eusporangiate

Bailey and Pain (1971) examined the walls of a wide range of species of ferns (both leptosporangiate and eusporangiate) and divided the species into three groups depending on whether their walls contained low (0-3%), medium or high (>10%) concentrations of mannose.

2005, Philip J. Harris, “11: Diversity in plant cell walls”, in Robert J. Henry, editor, Plant Diversity and Evolution, page 220:

In the smaller of the two groups, known as the eusporangiate type, the sporangium originates from several initial cells.

2005, V. Raghavan, Developmental Biology of Fern Gametophytes, page 12:

Describe structure and development of leptosporangiate and eusporangiate sporangia. Draw diagrams.

2009, Singh, Pande, Jain, Text Book Of Botany Diversity Of Microbes And Cryptogams, page 468:

(botany) That has sporangia that were each formed from several epidermal cells; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of ferns of this kind.


leptosporangium

2003, Jill Bailey, Filicinophyta (ferns), entry in The Facts on File Dictionary of Botany, page 84,
In the Filicales the leptosporangium has a specialized spore dispersal mechanism involving an annulus of cells with thick walls that ejects spores explosively as it dries out.

The characteristic that unites the Filicales as a monophyletic clade is the presence of leptosporangia with an annulus-an area of specialized cells involved in dehiscence.[…]Leptosporangia typically produce only a few spores, and are most commonly homosporous.

2010, Lily Bora, Principles of Paleobotany, page 256:

Leptosporangia are unique among vascular plants in (1) developing from a single cell, and (2) having a single layer of cells making up the sporangium wall.

2011, Michael G. Simpson, Plant Systematics, page 88:

(botany) A sporangium formed from a single epidermal cell.


macleaya

(botany) Any member of the genus Macleaya of flowering plants in the poppy family, native to China and Japan.


schlumbergera

(botany) Any member of the cactus genus Schlumbergera.


deirid

(biology) either of a pair of sensory papillae in the lateral cervical region of some nematodes


subpatent

Leaves erect, appressed, or subpatent, lanceolate, acute, serrated, especially towards the extremity, the margins recurved; the nerve reaching nearly to the point; surface papillose; colour pale-yellow-green, especially when dry.

1818, Sir William Jackson Hooker, Thomas Taylor, Muscologia britannica, page 115:

Cololla (1 1/2 inch long) campanulate, ventricose below, compressed laterally, glanduloso-pubescent externally, and there of brilliant red colour, excepting in a broad yellow stripe along the lower side, on the inside yellow, glabrous, and sprinkled with red spots, which are largest on the lower part of the tube, smaller and more crowded on the limb, of which the lobes are subpatent, blunt, unequal, the two lateral ones being rather the largest, and the two upper the smallest and least yellow.

1842, Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal - Volume 32, page 402:

(biology) Less than patent, present but not fully formed or obviously separate from surrounding structures.


sophrolaeliocattleya

(botany) Any member of the nothogenus Sophrolaeliocattleya.


betathromboglobulin

(biochemistry) A protein stored in platelets that stimulates mitogenesis, extracellular matrix synthesis, glucose metabolism, and plasminogen activator synthesis in human fibroblasts.


pogonia

(botany) Any of the genus Pogonia of orchids.


vacuolate

en-verb

vacuolate (third-person singular simple present vacuolates, present participle vacuolating, simple past and past participle vacuolated)

vacuolates (present singular third-person)
vacuolating (participle present)
vacuolated (participle past)
vacuolated (past)

From vacuole + -ate (verb-forming suffix).


obscurin

(biochemistry) A protein in humans, related to titin and nebulin.


nebulette

(biochemistry) An isoform of the protein nebulin, expressed in cardiac muscle.


mycobiome

Herein, we characterized the infecting microbe, host, micro- and mycobiomes leading up to infection onset in a leukemia patient that developed invasive mucormycosis.

2015 November 11, “Implementation of a Pan-Genomic Approach to Investigate Holobiont-Infecting Microbe Interaction: A Case Report of a Leukemic Patient with Invasive Mucormycosis”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(medicine, biology) A mycological biome.


atrogene

(genetics) Any gene that has an influence on atrophy of muscle tissue.


atrogin

(biochemistry) Any of a family of F-box proteins expressed during muscle atrophy


isodont

The isodont arrangement is typical of the oysters and scallops.

(zoology) Having hinge teeth with lateral tubercles and sockets on either side of a thick ligament (the resilium).


isodont

(zoology) Any organism with teeth of equal length.


ecosection

(ecology) A part of an ecoregion that shows only minor physiographic, macroclimatic or oceanographic variations


sarcospan

(biochemistry) A transmembrane protein, located within skeletal muscle, the loss of which is associated with muscular dystrophy.


adracalin

nuclear pore complex
nuclear pore complex

(biochemistry) A component of nuclear pore complex implicated in Triple-A syndrome


geneflow

geneflows (plural)
gene flow (alternative)

(genetics) The transfer of alleles or genes between populations


histoneurology

(histology, neurology) Synonym of neurohistology.


neurohistology

(histology, neurology) Histology of the nervous system.


monospermy

(biology) The fertilization of an oocyte by a single spermatozoon.


pluviophile

(biology) An organism that thrives in a rainy environment


supravital

(cytology, of a stain) Capable of staining living cells after their removal from a host


middle rib

(botany) The main vein of a simple leaf or leaflet, running from the petiole to its apex, and from which the other veins usually spread.

(botany) The continuation of the petiole of a pinnately compound leaf around which the leaflets attach.


bio-oxidation

en-noun

bio-oxidation (countable and uncountable, plural bio-oxidations)

(biochemistry) oxidation caused by the presence of bacteria


fructophilic

(biochemistry, of a yeast) able to ferment fructose


galacturonide

(biochemistry) Any of various compounds, similar to glucuronide but containing galactose residues; notably the pectins


osmophilic

en-adj

osmophilic (comparative more osmophilic, superlative most osmophilic)

more osmophilic (comparative)
most osmophilic (superlative)

(biology) Adapted to living in environments that have a high osmotic pressure


osmophile

(biology) Any organism that is adapted to living in aqueous environments with high solute concentrations (salt, sugar, alcohol), and resisting internal desiccation caused by the osmotic transport of water outside of their cells


pectase

en-noun

pectase (countable and uncountable, plural pectases)


hawkinsin

From Hawkins + -in, after the Hawkins family in which the disease was discovered.

(biochemistry) An amino acid, found in elevated concentrations in the urine in cases of hawkinsinuria.


rubiscolin

rubiscolin (countable and uncountable, plural rubiscolins)

(biochemistry) Any of a group of opioid peptides formed during digestion of the rubisco protein from spinach leaves.


comma bacillus

Vibrio cholerae
Vibrio cholerae#Translingual

(obsolete, bacteriology) A bacillus shaped like a comma, of species Vibrio cholerae.


antideath

en-adj

antideath (comparative more antideath, superlative most antideath)

more antideath (comparative)
most antideath (superlative)

an antideath protein


capture myopathy

(veterinary medicine) An often fatal stress-induced myopathy affecting captured wild animals.


dental formula

en-noun

dental formula (plural dental formulas or dental formulae)

dental formulas (plural)
dental formulae (plural)

(anatomy, dentistry, zoology) A brief notation used by zoologists to denote the number and type of teeth of a mammal.


carpal angle

(zoology) The angle at the last joint of the folded wing of a bird.


N-terminus

N-termini (plural)
N-terminal (alternative)

(biochemistry) The end of a polypeptide chain that consists of an amino acid with a free amino group.


C-terminus

C-terminus (plural C-termini or C-terminuses)

C-termini (plural)
C-terminuses (plural)
C-terminal (alternative)

(biochemistry) The end of a polypeptide chain that consists of an amino acid with a free carboxyl group.


burseraceous

(botany, relational) Of or relating to the family Burseraceae.


kinetid

(biology) Any structure, in a eukaryotic cell, that is used for locomotion

kinetidi

structure in a eukaryotic cell used for locomotion


dysbindin

(biochemistry) dystrobrevin-binding protein in muscle cells


echinocyte

From Ancient Greek ἐχῖνος (ekhînos, “hedgehog; sea urchin”) + -cyte.

der

(biology, medicine) A red blood cell with abnormal appearance characterized by many small, evenly spaced thorny projections.


exotransferase

(biochemistry) Any transferase that is active outside of the cell or organism that created it


extrusome

(biology) A membrane-bound structure in some eukaryotes which, under certain conditions, discharges its contents outside the cell


heliconiine

(zoology) Of or relating to the Heliconian butterflies.


ethnobiology

(biology) The study of the relationships between plants and animals and human cultures


geminin

(biochemistry) A nuclear protein that inhibits DNA replication


complemental air

(biology) The air that can be inhaled in addition to the tidal air; the maximum possible inhalation.


gynaecoid

en-adj

gynaecoid (comparative more gynaecoid, superlative most gynaecoid)

more gynaecoid (comparative)
most gynaecoid (superlative)
gynecoid (alternative)
gynæcoid (alternative)

Macropterous, brachypterous and apterous forms of females and males are known in their populations. Two forms – oedymerous and gynaecoid – occur in males: they are characterized by the allometry of some body parts.

2015 June 30, Halina Kucharczyk, Łukasz Wyrozumski, “Hoplothrips carpathicus Pelikán, 1961 (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae) – a new thrips species in the Polish fauna”, in Polish Journal of Entomology, volume 84, →DOI, pages 73-74:

(entomology) Of certain Thysanoptera, having attenuating forelegs.


gynostemium

en-noun

gynostemium (plural gynostemia or gynostemiums)

gynostemia (plural)
gynostemiums (plural)

For the expression of MADS-box genes, mature flowers were dissected into their individual floral organs (sepals, petals, labellums and gynostemiums).

2015 November 19, “Digital Gene Expression Analysis Based on De Novo Transcriptome Assembly Reveals New Genes Associated with Floral Organ Differentiation of the Orchid Plant Cymbidium ensifolium”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(botany) A reproductive structure, in some plants, formed by fusion of the stamens and pistil


glucuronoarabinoxylan

(biochemistry) A form of hemicellulose found in the cell walls of grasses


holocentric

(genetics) (of a chromosome) in which the centromere makes up the entire length (of the chromosome)


paroral

(zoology) In the region of the mouth (of a ciliate).


chromatophilic

en-adj

chromatophilic (comparative more chromatophilic, superlative most chromatophilic)

more chromatophilic (comparative)
most chromatophilic (superlative)


proteinogenesis

(biochemistry) The biosynthesis of proteins.


scramblase

(biochemistry) Any of a group of enzymes that aid the translocation of phospholipids across cell membranes.


economicology

(ecology, economics) The study of the interrelationship between economics and ecology


tree thinking

(biology) A phylogenetic method of analysing evolutionary phenomena that uses the visualization of lineages as tree-like structures.


haplodiplontic

(biology, of a life cycle) Having multicellular diploid and haploid stages


cytodeme

(biology) A group of organisms that have the same number of chromosomes, and that can form fertile hybrids with each other.


nandina

A Latinised version of the Japanese name for the plant, 南天 (ナンテン, nanten), first used by Carl Peter Thunberg.

(botany) Heavenly bamboo or sacred bamboo, an ornamental plant of species Nandina domestica, sole member of genus Nandina (in family Berberidaceae), native to east Asia from the Himalayas to Japan.


somatoliberin

From somato- + Latin līberāre- (“to set free”) + -in.


calcyphosin

(biochemistry) A calcium-binding protein that may play a role in the regulation of ion transport.


stationary air

(biology) The air which under ordinary circumstances does not leave the lungs during respiration.


evolutionary trap

en-noun

evolutionary trap (plural evolutionary traps)

2004, Francisco Pulido, Peter Berthold, Microevolutionary Response to Climate Change, Anders P. Møller, W. Fielder, P. Berthold (editors), Advances in Ecological Research, Volume 35: Birds and Climate Change, page 152,
Antagonistic genetic correlations and maladaptive phenotypic responses (evolutionary traps) are probably the most important constrain[t]s to microevolutionary change.

Evolutionary traps can threaten populations and species if they result in widespread reductions in survival and reproduction.

2010, Martin A. Schlaepfer, Paul W. Sherman, Michael C. Runge, “29: Decision Making, Environmental Change, and Population Persistence”, in David Westneat, Charles W. Fox, editors, Evolutionary Behavioral Ecology, page 507:

Sometimes artificial light becomes an evolutionary trap as the age-old biological imperatives of a species, which helped it survive for eons, turn into liabilities.

2010, Jane Brox, Brilliant: The Evolution of Artificial Light, page 279:

(biology, evolutionary theory) The situation of an evolved behaviour or trait of a species becoming detrimental to the survival or reproductive ability of individuals, possibly leading to extinction.

(ecology) The situation of a rapid ecological change triggering decisions about choice of habitat that are detrimental for an individual; an ecological trap.

ecological trap

situation of ecological change triggering bad choices about habitat


glucoraphanin

(biochemistry) A particular glucosinolate found in broccoli and cauliflower; the glucosinolate precursor of sulforaphane.


raphanin

Raphanus sativus
Raphanus sativus#Translingual

(biochemistry) The main sulfur component found in radish seeds of Raphanus sativus and in broccoli and red cabbage.


nick translation

(genetics) A tagging technique in molecular biology in which DNA polymerase I is used to replace some of the nucleotides of a DNA sequence with their labelled analogues, creating a tagged sequence which can be used as a probe in hybridization or blotting techniques.


cauda galli

Borrowed from Latin cauda gallī (“tail of a cock”).

bor+

(archaic, paleontology) A feathery-shaped fossil, apparently a seaweed, characteristic of the lower Devonian rocks.


cetothere

(zoology) Any of various cetotheriids of genera considered to be Cetotheriidae sensu lato.


zoothecium

From zoo- + Ancient Greek θήκη (thḗkē, “sheath”) + -ium.

af

(zoology) The outer layer of certain protozoans.


euthycarcinoid

(zoology) Any of the Euthycarcinoidea, a group of enigmatic, possibly amphibious arthropods that ranged from Cambrian to Triassic times.


glossophagine

(zoology) Of or relating to the Glossophaginae, a subfamily of leaf-nosed bats.


univorous

(biology, demographics) Liking or consuming only one kind of product.


macrophagous

(zoology) That feeds on relatively large particles or prey.


thelyphonid

(zoology) Any member of the arachnid order Thelyphonida.


oniscidean

Nevertheless, these studies strongly suggest that arginine is not an essential amino acid in oniscideans.

1995, Patrick J. Walsh, Patricia A. Wright, Nitrogen Metabolism and Excretion, page 112:

The oniscidean digestive system has been extensively studied and well described in both slaters and sowbugs (Hames and Hopkin 1989; Štrus et al. 1995).[…]Frequent moulting is an important characteristic of juvenile and adult oniscideans and is related to growth, renewal of the cuticle and reproduction in mature females.

2006, Rok Kostanjšek, Jasna Štrus, Aleš Lapanje, Gorazd Avguštin, Maja Rupnik, Damjana Drobne, “5: Intestinal Microbiota of Terrestrial Isopods”, in Helmut König, Ajit Varma, editors, Intestinal Microorganisms of Termites and Other Invertebrates, page 116:

Some oniscideans, which are ordinarily terrestrial, have re-invaded the continental saline waters (e.g. Haloniscus searlei) or even normal freshwater (e.g. Trichoniscidae and Styloniscidae).

2008, George D. F. Wilson, Global diversity of Isopod crustaceans (Crustacea; Isopoda) in freshwater:

(zoology) Any of the terrestrial isopod crustaceans of suborder Oniscidea; a woodlouse.

synonyms at woodlouse

(any species of suborder Oniscidea): woodlouse


chiasmatic

(genetics) Relating to or characterized by a chiasma (the contact point between the two chromatids of a chromosome during meiosis).


unicate

Dead inflorescences and infructescences are well worth collecting if no fresh material is available or if fresh material is only sufficient for a unicate or one duplicate.

1986, John Dransfield, “A guide to collecting palms”, in Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, volume 73, number 1, page 167:

Each collection, which may be a unicate or several specimens as duplicates in several herbaria, constitutes a record in the Conifer Database.

2013, Aljos Farjon, Denis Filer, An Atlas of the World's Conifers: An Analysis of their Distribution, Biogeography, Diversity and Conservation Status, Koninklijke Brill, →ISBN, page 3:

(botany, zoology) A biological specimen that has no duplicates.

Our data perhaps are more robust for analyzing patterns of endemism because some nuclei for which we have few inventories show high numbers of unicates (e.g., Caribbean, Mexico), and others for which we have sampled far more thoroughly show low numbers (e.g., Brejo and Peri-Caatinga). Though the percentage of unicate species varies widely from 1.9 to 77.5 percent, in general it is high, with 12 of 23 nuclei showing greater than 20 percent unicates, suggesting high endemism.

2011, Reynaldo Linares-Palomino, Ary T. Oliveira-Filho, R. Toby Pennington, “Neotropical Seasonally Dry Forests: Diversity, Endemism, and Biogeography of Woody Plants”, in Rodolfo Dirzo, Hillary S. Young, Harold A. Mooney, Gerardo Ceballos, editors, Seasonally Dry Tropical Forests: Ecology and Conservation, Washington: Island Press, →ISBN, page 8:

(botany) A species that occurs at only a single geographical site.


HAMLET

Acronym of Human Alpha-lactalbumin Made LEthal to Tumor cells, chosen to spell out Hamlet.

(biochemistry) A protein complex of alpha-lactalbumin and oleic acid that induces apoptosis in tumor cells, but not in healthy cells.


wash barrel

(fisheries) A barrel nearly full of split mackerel, loosely put in, and afterward filled with salt water in order to soak the blood from the fish before salting.


pole plate

pole plates (plural)
pole-plate (alternative)

The pole plate of the 1st spindle becomes immediately the equatorial of the 2nd, where the 14 chromosomes are arranged in pairs, of each of which one goes to one pole and one to the other.

1899, Thomas H. Montgomery Jr., “The Spermatogenesis in Pentatoma up to the Formation of the Spermatid”, in University of Pennsylvania, editor, Contributions from the Zoological Laboratory for the year 1898:

In Spriochona (Fig. 38, A-C) a hemisperical "end-plate" or "pole-plate" is situated at either pole of the spindle, and Herwig's observations indicated, though they did not prove, that these plates arose by the division of a large "nucleolus."

1911, Edmund Beecher Wilson, The Cell in Development and Inheritance:

As the chromosomes near the poles they apparently fuse with the pole plate (pl. 17, fig. 16), the number of chromosomes remaining distinct until after the formation of the new nuclear membrane (figs. 17m 18).

1917, Calvin Olin Esterly, The Feeding Habits and Food of Pelagic Copepods, page 133:

(biology) A structure that forms at the pole of the spindle during the first meiotic or mitotic division in some animals.


aizoaceous

(botany) Of or relating to the family Aizoaceae of fig-marigolds.


olfactomotor

(biology) Of or pertaining to both olfactory and motor activity, as for example where thinking about an odor triggers sniffing.


adipolytic

(biochemistry) That hydrolyses fat into free fatty acids, especially by the action of enzymes