polygyrate

[...] polygyrate diagonally cancellated protoconch, but in that genus the adult whorls are pagodiform, strongly keeled[…] polygyrate to paucispiral and almost smooth, and the reversed L-sinus is sometimes rendered U-shaped to subtubular, when restricted above by a parietal tubercle. The Daphnellids are very numerous in both genera and species[…]

1953, Auckland Institute and Museum, Bulletin of the Auckland Institute and Museum:

(malacology) Multiply gyrate, like the protoconches of various Gemmula ammonites. ?


mycelia sterilia

(mycology) The sterile fungi, those not producing any known spores, whether sexual or asexual.


koseret

Koseret extract was also shown to possess both pain-inhibiting and pain-relieving actions, as shown by animal studies (Debella et al., 2003).

2017 December 28, P N Ravindran, The Encyclopedia of Herbs and Spices, CABI, →ISBN, page 515:

(botany) a species of flowering plant (Lippia abyssinica)


diversipartite

(especially malacology, of ribs on a shell) Multiply but irregularly partite: furcating multiple times but not all from the same or symmetrical points.


araneophagy

(biology) The quality of being araneophagous.


brevidomic

(malacology) Having body chamber lengths of approximately half a whorl.


mesodomic

(malacology) Having body chamber lengths of approximately three-fourths of a whorl.


longidomic

(malacology) Having body chamber lengths of one whorl or more.


gemmuliform

en-adj

gemmuliform (comparative more gemmuliform, superlative most gemmuliform)

more gemmuliform (comparative)
most gemmuliform (superlative)


gemmiform

gemmiform (comparative more gemmiform, superlative most gemmiform)

more gemmiform (comparative)
most gemmiform (superlative)


adultiform

adultiform (comparative more adultiform, superlative most adultiform)

more adultiform (comparative)
most adultiform (superlative)


gerontomorphic

gerontomorphic (comparative more gerontomorphic, superlative most gerontomorphic)

more gerontomorphic (comparative)
most gerontomorphic (superlative)

(biology) Resembling the form that is characteristic of old age.


hectocotyly

(zoology) The condition of having a hectocotylus.


hectocotylization

(zoology) The process of developing a hectocotylus.


asellote

[…] an asellote (Iathrippa longicauda) and a ligiid (Ligia italica) […]

1991, Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, volumes 31-32, page 164:

[…] an asellote isopod from the Great Barrier Reef, Australia […]

2002, Gary C. B. Poore, W. W. K. Houston, Pamela L. Beesley, Crustacea, page 57:

[…] but calabozoideans emerged as a sister group to oniscidans rather than asellotes.

2021, Frederick R. Schram, Stefan Koenemann, Evolution and Phylogeny of Pancrustacea, page 472:

(zoology) Any isopod crustacean of the suborder Asellota.


matricary

Botrychium matricariifolium
Wikispecies:Botrychium matricariifolium

(botany) Applied to the fern Botrychium matricariifolium.


symphilous

(entomology) Being or relating to a symphile.


symphilism

(entomology) The property of being a symphile.


epiproctan

(zoology) Any insect of the suborder Epiprocta


glucurono-

(biochemistry) Relating to glucuronic acid.


manoxylic

From Ancient Greek μανός (manós, “sparse”) + xylic, equivalent to mano- + xylic.

The significance of pycnoxylic versus manoxylic organisation of wood is still not well understood. Pycnoxylic wood is a primitive feature of progymnosperms with regard to manoxylic wood with wide and high rays.

1991, Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth sciences, page 122:

Initially, the family included only one stem genus of Calamopitys but later as many as seven stem genera, namely, Calamopitys, Stenomyelon, Diichnia with manoxylic wood […]

2007, C. M. Govil, Gymnosperms Extinct and Extant, page 22:

(botany, of wood) Sparse, with much pith and cortex, and having wide parenchymatous rays.


hedychium

(botany) Any plant of the genus Hedychium.


uredostage

(botany) Synonym of uredo (“summer stage in the life history of certain rust”).


whip-tailed

(zoology) Having a thin, flexible tail like the lash of a whip.


virginogenia

Usually overwinters outdoors as winged and wingless virginogenia, both in temperate climates and in the tropics.

1977, Jürgen Kranz, H. Schmutterer, Werner Koch, Diseases, Pests and Weeds in Tropical Crops, page 333:


beachmaster

There being so large an excess of males of breeding age, they crowded each other to the extent of leaving only fighting-room, averaging one beachmaster to seven females. The beachmasters were continually fighting for the possession of the females, often killing each other in their struggles, while many more became so crippled as to have to retire from the breeding-grounds, so that during the season the injured and exhausted amounted to fully 30 per cent.

1880, Allen, J. A. (Joel Asaph), 1838-1921, History of North American pinnipeds : a monograph of the walruses, sea-lions, sea-bears and seals of North America, →OCLC:

At the start of the breeding season, the bulls take up their positions on the beaches. Here they fight to hold on to their territory and the females that gather there. The bull that wins the battles becomes the beachmaster. His group of females is called a harem. Each beachmaster mates with as many cows as he can control. An average harem contains ten to fifteen cows, but a few beachmasters guard even larger harems.

1987, Sanford, William R. (William Reynolds), 1927-, The Elephant Seal, →OCLC:

Full reproductive status (social maturity) is deferred until full size and competitive vigour are developed. Males normally do not reach breeding or “beachmaster” status until about 10 y (Rand, 1949b; Stewardson et al., 1998). Some never attain breeding status.

2010, Linnean Society of New South Wales, Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, →OCLC:

(zoology) In pinnipeds, the dominant male of a territory with whom the females exclusively mate.


beach rubbing

(zoology) The practice among killer whales of scraping the body along rocks in shallow water.


craspedophyllid

Either the precursors of the known craspedophyllids and zaphrentids evolved during this time in areas where no record has been preserved or recognized, or […]

1975, Geological Survey Professional Paper, volumes 868-869, page 23:

(zoology) Any member of the Craspedophyllidae.


nervuration

(zoology) The arrangement or distribution of nervures.


ophiopluteus

(zoology) A free-swimming larval stage of some brittle stars, having four pairs of rigid arms lined with cilia.


monopectinate

(biology) Of gastropods and molluscs: having a single row of filaments in the gill.


psychoecology

(ecology, psychology) A form of ecology which incorporates aspects from psychology.


hippeastrum

(botany) Any plant of the genus Hippeastrum.


testicondy

(zoology) The state of being testicond (Having the testicles naturally concealed within the abdomen)


mirusvirus

From Latin mīrus (“wonderful, surprising, strange”) + virus.

der

Yet, a substantial fraction of mirusvirus genes, including hallmark transcription machinery genes missing in herpesviruses, are closely related homologues of giant eukaryotic DNA viruses from another viral realm, Varidnaviria.

2023 April 19, Morgan Gaïa, Lingjie Meng, Eric Pelletier, Patrick Forterre, Chiara Vanni, Antonio Fernandez-Guerra, Olivier Jaillon, Patrick Wincker, Hiroyuki Ogata, Mart Krupovic, Tom O. Delmont, “Mirusviruses link herpesviruses to giant viruses”, in Nature, volume 616, London: Nature Portfolio, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 783:

(virology) A virus of the phylum Mirusviricota, a widespread group of plankton-infecting viruses which forms a "missing link" between giant viruses and herpesviruses.


megaprotein

The protein known as human exosome complex, for example, includes several globular proteins, each more than 200 amino acids in length, which come together to make the larger megaprotein molecule.

2019, Kimberley Waldron, “Protein: The Most Critical Nutrient”, in 21st Century Chemistry, second edition, New York, N.Y.: W. H. Freeman, →ISBN, page 422:

(biochemistry) An extremely large protein.


zygolobous

(zoology) Of the prostomium: not demarcated from the peristome.


autonarcosis

(biology) Narcosis in an organism that is induced by the organism itself.


helianthaceous

(botany) Of or relating to the Helianthaceae.


monosialotetrahexosylganglioside

(biochemistry) A glycosphingolipid found in high concentrations in nerve cell membranes.


stylopize

en-verb

stylopize (third-person singular simple present stylopizes, present participle stylopizing, simple past and past participle stylopized)

stylopizes (present singular third-person)
stylopizing (participle present)
stylopized (participle past)
stylopized (past)

(entomology, transitive) Of a strepsipteran insect: to parasitize.


glutathione peroxidase

(biochemistry) The general name of an enzyme family with peroxidase activity whose main biological role is to protect the organism from oxidative damage.


GPX

glutathione peroxidase
glutathione peroxidase#English

(biochemistry) Abbreviation of glutathione peroxidase.


vaginal lubrication

(biology, sexuality) A naturally produced fluid that lubricates the vagina.


book gill

(zoology) A gill found in horseshoe crabs consisting of membranous folds, resembling the leaves of a book.


self-death

en-noun

self-death (countable and uncountable, plural self-deaths)

self-deaths (plural)
selfdeath (alternative)


subcentric

en-adj

subcentric (comparative more subcentric, superlative most subcentric)

more subcentric (comparative)
most subcentric (superlative)

(zoology, botany) Nearly or almost in the center of something; subcentral.

Oospores may be centric, subcentric, subeccentric or eccentric. Antheridial branches may or may not be present, and are androgynous, monoclinous, diclinous or hypogynous.

2014, Nicky B. Buller, Bacteria and Fungi From Fish and Other Aquatic Animals: A Practical Identification Manual, 2nd edition, Boston, M.A.: CABI, →ISBN, page 687:

(mycology) Having or being a oospore in which the cytoplasm only partially surrounds the ooplast.


subeccentric

(mycology) Having or being an oospore with a multiple oil globules on one side that displace much of the ooplasm and force the ooplasts to the other side.


semihypogynous

Pythiopsis cymosa. Oogonium with a single, aplerotic, subeccentric oospore. Note the mucilage layer around the oogonium. Semihypogynous antheridium with fertilization tube.

1965, C. G. Ainsworth, Frederick K[roeber] Sparrow, Alfred S. Sussman, editors, The Fungi: An Advanced Treatise, volume IVB (A Taxonomic Review with Keys: Basidomycetes and Lower Fungi), New York, N.Y., London: Academic Press, →ISBN, page 134:

(mycology) Having a partially attached superior ovary.


exigynous

Antheridia are closely monoclinous and exigynous.

1965, C. G. Ainsworth, Frederick K[roeber] Sparrow, Alfred S. Sussman, editors, The Fungi: An Advanced Treatise, volume IVB (A Taxonomic Review with Keys: Basidomycetes and Lower Fungi), New York, N.Y., London: Academic Press, →ISBN, page 135:

(mycology) In which the antheridial stalk rises directly from the oogonial cell above the basal septum.


Tranzschel's law

Named after Russian botanist and mycologist Vladimir Andreevich Tranzschel.

It should be noted that Tranzschel's law does not necessarily apply to autoecious macro- or demicyclic rusts derived from heteroecious species.

1965, C. G. Ainsworth, Frederick K[roeber] Sparrow, Alfred S. Sussman, editors, The Fungi: An Advanced Treatise, volume IVB (A Taxonomic Review with Keys: Basidomycetes and Lower Fungi), New York, N.Y., London: Academic Press, →ISBN, page 252:

(mycology) A law stating that telia of microcyclic species of rust fungi that are descendants of macrocyclic, heteroecious rusts simulate aecia of the ancestral macrocyclic rust and occur on the aecial host of the latter.


demicyclic

(mycology, of a rust) Not producing a uredinium on infected plants.


pycnial

The work of Hiratsuka and Cummins has much improved our understanding of the significance of pycnia in taxonomy. Previously many authors had tended to regard pycnial position, for example, subepidermal, intraepidermal, or subcuticular, as the only pycnial feature of importance in differentiating genera (e.g., Arthur, 1934; Cummins, 1959; Thirumalachar, 1961).

1965, C. G. Ainsworth, Frederick K[roeber] Sparrow, Alfred S. Sussman, editors, The Fungi: An Advanced Treatise, volume IVB (A Taxonomic Review with Keys: Basidomycetes and Lower Fungi), New York, N.Y., London: Academic Press, →ISBN, pages 253–255:

(mycology) Of or relating to the pycnium (the body of a fungus that produces pycniospores).


dichophysis

The material in Fries' herbarium has the dichophyses of Asterostromella.

1965, C. G. Ainsworth, Frederick K[roeber] Sparrow, Alfred S. Sussman, editors, The Fungi: An Advanced Treatise, volume IVB (A Taxonomic Review with Keys: Basidomycetes and Lower Fungi), New York, N.Y., London: Academic Press, →ISBN, page 391:

(mycology) A part of the hyphae of certain fungi which branches into two.


morchelloid

morchelloid (comparative more morchelloid, superlative most morchelloid)

more morchelloid (comparative)
most morchelloid (superlative)

In this subclass the sporophores are columnar, dendroid, or morchelloid consisting of a spongy matrix on the surface of which the protoplast cleaves into individual, uninucleate, amoeboid cells (protospores), each of which elevates a stalk bearing a single spore at the tip.

1965, C. G. Ainsworth, Frederick K[roeber] Sparrow, Alfred S. Sussman, editors, The Fungi: An Advanced Treatise, volume IVB (A Taxonomic Review with Keys: Basidomycetes and Lower Fungi), New York, N.Y., London: Academic Press, →ISBN, page 51:

(mycology) Relating to or resembling morels of the genus Morchella.


subfleshy

subfleshy (comparative more subfleshy, superlative most subfleshy)

more subfleshy (comparative)
most subfleshy (superlative)

The Agaricales have basidiocarps which are fleshy to subfleshy or rarely, almost leathery (but if the latter then the hymenophore is not poroid).

1965, C. G. Ainsworth, Frederick K[roeber] Sparrow, Alfred S. Sussman, editors, The Fungi: An Advanced Treatise, volume IVB (A Taxonomic Review with Keys: Basidomycetes and Lower Fungi), New York, N.Y., London: Academic Press, →ISBN, page 422:

(botany, mycology) Somewhat or partially fleshy.


pseudoaethalium

Pseudoaethalia may reach a diameter of 20 cm or more, or, in the case of elongated structures, a length of more than 10 cm.

1965, C. G. Ainsworth, Frederick K[roeber] Sparrow, Alfred S. Sussman, editors, The Fungi: An Advanced Treatise, volume IVB (A Taxonomic Review with Keys: Basidomycetes and Lower Fungi), New York, N.Y., London: Academic Press, →ISBN, page 43:

(mycology) A structure consisting of many sporangia packed together in certain myxomycete species.


sporangiumlike

sporangiumlike (comparative more sporangiumlike, superlative most sporangiumlike)

more sporangiumlike (comparative)
most sporangiumlike (superlative)
sporangium-like (alternative)

Thus plasmodiocarps may have a variety of shapes even in the same fruiting, varying from sporangiumlike spheres to a network of tubes.


holobasidiate

From holobasidi(um) + -ate (adjective-forming suffix).

af

The basidia are holobasidiate, and rarely have adventitious septa in the metabasidium or sterigmata; they also rarely proliferate in apical linear succession.

1965, C. G. Ainsworth, Frederick K[roeber] Sparrow, Alfred S. Sussman, editors, The Fungi: An Advanced Treatise, volume IVB (A Taxonomic Review with Keys: Basidomycetes and Lower Fungi), New York, N.Y., London: Academic Press, →ISBN, page 327:

(mycology) Being or containing a holobasidium.


gloeovessel

gloeovessels (plural)
gleovessel (alternative)

The hymenium is a more-or-less thickening euhymenium or a catahymenium, often with associated sterile hyphidia, cystidia, gloeocystidia, setae or gloeovessels.

(mycology) A vessel-shaped attachment to a gleocystidium that projects into the trama.


phragmobasidiate

From phragmobasidi(um) + -ate (adjective-forming suffix).

This order comprises the Hymenomycetes of Fries (1874) with the exclusion of phragmobasidiate fungi, Dacrymycetales, Tulasnellales, Agaricales, and the biophilous parasitic fungi such as the Exobasidiales and Brachybasidiales.

1965, C. G. Ainsworth, Frederick K[roeber] Sparrow, Alfred S. Sussman, editors, The Fungi: An Advanced Treatise, volume IVB (A Taxonomic Review with Keys: Basidomycetes and Lower Fungi), New York, N.Y., London: Academic Press, →ISBN, page 328:

(mycology) Being or containing a phragmobasidium.


hyphaelike

en-adj

hyphaelike (comparative more hyphaelike, superlative most hyphaelike)

more hyphaelike (comparative)
most hyphaelike (superlative)

The three genera included by Donk unaccounted for elsewhere are those in which the fruitbody is strictly effused: Tomentella (including Pseudotomentella and Tomentellastrum) and Kneiffiella P. Karst. (nymenophore smooth or warty, K. being distinguished from T. by the protruding hyphaelike cystidia) and Caldesiella (hymenophore has teeth with sterile tips).

1965, C. G. Ainsworth, Frederick K[roeber] Sparrow, Alfred S. Sussman, editors, The Fungi: An Advanced Treatise, volume IVB (A Taxonomic Review with Keys: Basidomycetes and Lower Fungi), New York, N.Y., London: Academic Press, →ISBN, page 329:


hyphalike

hyphalike (comparative more hyphalike, superlative most hyphalike)

more hyphalike (comparative)
most hyphalike (superlative)

The thallus may be one(Plate I, A–C, F) or few-celled, often linklike (Plate I, D, I) and monophagous, or may be segmented and hyphalike (Plate I, E, L) and extend through many host cells.

1965, C. G. Ainsworth, Frederick K[roeber] Sparrow, Alfred S. Sussman, editors, The Fungi: An Advanced Treatise, volume IVB (A Taxonomic Review with Keys: Basidomycetes and Lower Fungi), New York, N.Y., London: Academic Press, →ISBN, page 159:


small interfering RNA

(biochemistry) A double-stranded RNA molecule that inhibits gene expression by selectively degrading targeted messenger RNA.


calamitoid

calamitoid (comparative more calamitoid, superlative most calamitoid)

more calamitoid (comparative)
most calamitoid (superlative)


gordonia

(botany) Any plant of the genus Gordonia.


bread mold

bread molds (plural)
bread mould (alternative)

(microbiology) Any type of molds which typically grow on bread, particularly the genera Rhizopus and Penicillium.


cellspot

A heavily suffused fuscous median fascia separates the cellspots and widens towards the hindmargin where it fuses with the postmedian fascia

1988, Walter Wittmer, Willi Büttiker, Friedhelm Krupp, Fauna of Saudi Arabia, volume 9:

the hindwings are a little narrower and longer the light maculation of the upperside of the forewing is markedly reduced and the cellspot only faintly suggested.

2001, Oliver Schäffler et al, Butterflies of the World: Papilionidae. - 6:

(entomology) A circular marking found on the wings of some butterflies and moths; orbicular stigma.


hearst

Uncertain. Perhaps related to Middle English hert (“male or female deer”), whence English hart.

cog

(zoology, hunting) A hind in her second or third year.


contagious abortion

en-noun

contagious abortion (plural contagious abortions)

(zoology) A type of brucellosis in cattle caused by Brucella abortus.


sunfruit

sun-fruit (alternative)
sun fruit (alternative)


polyxylic

The occurrence of polyxylic steles has been reported in Cycas, Encephalartos, Lepidozamia, and Macrozamia […] but is not always present in every species of these genera.

2001, David Pearson, New Organic Architecture: The Breaking Wave, page 237:

Cycas initially has a single ring of vascular bundles (monoxylic); however, one or more concentric vascular bundle rings appear outside the primary ring of bundles in the older stems showing polyxylic condition (figure 4.21).

2023, Dr. Romesh Singh Bhaal, Dr. Komal, Diversity of Microbes, Algae, Fungi and Archegoniates, page 216:

(botany) Having multiple rings of vascular bundles.


hermit-bird

(ornithology) A hummingbird of the genus Phaethornis.

(ornithology) A Halcyonide bird of the genus Monasa.


beard tree

(botany, obsolete, rare) The hazel tree.


spot-tailed

(zoology) Of birds and mammals, having distinct or remarkable marks or spots on the tail.


subshine

For quotations using this term, see Citations:subshine.

(biology) A surface appearance between a shine and a matte appearance.


wyliei

Named after Wylie J. Tuttle, the grandson of Lee B. Foster, one of the donors to the Carnegie Museum of Natural History.

(zoology) A specific name, found in several species.


rosemary pine

rosemary pine (countable and uncountable, plural rosemary pines)

(botany) Any of three common pines of the southeastern United States: the loblolly pine, the longleaf pine, and the shortleaf pine.


nonacrocentric

en-adj

nonacrocentric (comparative more nonacrocentric, superlative most nonacrocentric)

more nonacrocentric (comparative)
most nonacrocentric (superlative)

The derivative that is lacking is formed by the complete acrocentric short arm and the proximal long arm segment and perhaps a terminal segment from the nonacrocentric chromosome.

1988, Art Daniel, The Cytogenetics of Mammalian Autosomal Rearrangements, page 56:

In other words, acrocentric-derived sSMC tend to be transmitted more easily from one generation to the next than nonacrocentric ones; the first can apparently survive male and female meiosis more easily, whereas nonacrocentric ones seem to face more problems there.

2011, Thomas Liehr, Small Supernumerary Marker Chromosomes (sSMC), page 17:

Gabriel-Robez et al. have shown a ratio of 1:4 for translocations with an acrocentric present, compared with nonacrocentric translocations in fertile males.

2020, Christopher Bob Gillies, Fertility and Chromosome Pairing, page 22:

(genetics, of a chromosome) Having the centromere near the middle, and thus having roughly equal-sized arms.


FVRCP

(veterinary medicine) Initialism of feline viral rhinotracheitis, calicivirus, and panleukopenia (“a vaccine for cats against these three diseases”).


MONA

(taxonomy) Acronym of Moths of North America.


semnopitheque

(obsolete, zoology) A semnopithecine monkey.


Z chromosome

(genetics) The larger chromosome that has more genes, in the ZW system.


W chromosome

(genetics) The smaller chromosome that has fewer genes, in the ZW system.


HeLa cell

Named after the American cancer patient Henrietta Lacks.

named-after

(medicine, cytology) An immortal cell line that can divide an unlimited number of times in a laboratory cell culture plate, as long as fundamental cell survival conditions are met.


dobsegna

From Lower Grand Valley Dani [Term?] or Angguruk Yali [Term?]

(cryptozoology) An animal resembling a thylacine, rumored to live in the New Guinea highlands.


powder-down feather

en-noun

powder-down feather (countable and uncountable, plural powder-down feathers)

(ornithology) A down feather which grows continuously and disintegrates, forming fine particles of keratin, which appear as a powder, or "feather dust".


powder-down patch

powder-down patch (plural powder-down patches)

(ornithology) A patch or tuft of powder-down feathers.


antirepair

an antirepair pathway

an antirepair effect

The increased levels of mature miRNAs could play a role in the DNA damage response by (1) decreasing the levels of antirepair genes (such as the antirecombinases, Srs2, PARI, RTEL1 [122]) (2) downregulating DDR proteins through a feedback regulation loop to restore pre-DNA damage levels.

2017, Alexey Moskalev, Alexander Vaiserman, Epigenetics of Aging and Longevity, page 174:

(genetics) Inhibiting the repair of damaged DNA.


ovularian

[…] this theory would therefore seem to support the hypothesis of a uterine if not an ovularian origin of sex.

1883, George Briggs Starkweather, The Law of Sex, page 32:


plastivore

Meronym: plastizyme

(biology, ecology) A biological organism (microbial or otherwise) which consumes and breaks down plastics (synthetic polymers).


pseudoaquatic

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-pseudoaquatic.wav

(botany) Found growing in wet places, but not truly aquatic.


vegetable acid

vegetable acid (countable and uncountable, plural vegetable acids)

(botany, chemistry) Any type of acid that originates in plants.


biological time

biological time (countable and uncountable, plural biological times)

biological times (plural)
biologic time (alternative)

(biology, sciences) The time or amount of time of various real and synchronized biological processes.


fence hopper

(birdwatching) A bird that has escaped from an enclosure, zoo, or the like, as opposed to a genuine wild bird.


PCNA

proliferating cell nuclear antigen
w:proliferating cell nuclear antigen

(genetics) Initialism of proliferating cell nuclear antigen.


pace-of-life syndrome

(biology, zoology) A hypothesis positing that there exists a correlation between behavior, life history, and physiology continuing along an axis ranging from slow to fast.


acquisition feeding time

(agriculture, botany, virology) The amount of time required for a successful acquisition of a virus by its vector for subsequent transmission, in which it then becomes viruliferous.


Turing instability

(biology, mathematics) The property of a nonlinear reaction-diffusion system in which a steady state that is stable in the corresponding nonspatial system is able to, under certain parameter constraints, become unstable in the spatial system containing a particular wavelength.


root cap

(botany) A cap of cells covering the growing extremity of a root;


cordaitean

(botany) Of or relating to the cordaites.


cyphella

(mycology) A break in the lower cortex of a lichen thallus which appears as a cup-like structure or marking.


chaotropically

en-adv

chaotropically (comparative more chaotropically, superlative most chaotropically)

more chaotropically (comparative)
most chaotropically (superlative)

(biochemistry, physical chemistry) In a chaotropic manner.


Chinese hamster ovary cell

en-noun

Chinese hamster ovary cell (plural Chinese hamster ovary cells)

(biology, zoology, cytology) A family of immortalized cell lines derived from the epithelial cells of the ovary of the Chinese hamster, often used in biological and medical research and commercially in the production of recombinant therapeutic proteins.


immunity gap

The entry of E. coli in a protein-rich medium into the small intestine, which has a damaged surface from the switch to solid feed, at a time when the pig's immune response is normally low (the immunity gap), presents a high risk for a secretory diarrhea.

2007, Neville G. Gregory, Temple Grandin, Animal Welfare and Meat Production, page 104:

The actual age at which the immunity gap develops depends on the amount of maternally derived antibody (MDA) transferred to each kitten.

2008, E. A. Chandler, R. M. Gaskell, C. J. Gaskell, Feline Medicine and Therapeutics, page 15:

Prior to this, young animals face an 'immunity gap': passive immunity is reduced and the animal's own immune system is not yet fully capable of combating pathogens.

2021, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Animal nutrition strategies and options to reduce the use of antimicrobials in animal production, page 11:

(veterinary medicine) The time period during which a young mammal no longer receives effective immunity to diseases from antibodies in its mother's milk but its own immune system is not fully developed.


semi-hibernation

Should a warm day soon follow this untoward excitement, the after effects are to a certain extent modified, as a good cleansing flight can be taken; but when the cold still continues, the bees never again being able to regain their former state of semi-hibernation, drag out their existence wandering aimlessly about, and die at a rapid rate each day adding to the accumulating filth of the hive.

1914, Samuel Simmins, A Modern Bee-farm and Its Economic Management, page 111:

They are fed exclusively on insects which are caught on the wing by the parents; if there is a spell of bad weather the parents cannot collect their insects, the young swifts starve, lose their temperature regulation and go into a sort of semi-hibernation at a very low body temperature.

2009 September 23, G. E. W. Wolstenholme, Maeve O'Connor, editors, The Nature of Sleep, Wiley, page 321:

(biology) A state of reduced power consumption, and metabolic activity in animals during winter, but to a lesser degree than true hibernation.


insertin

insertin (countable and uncountable, plural insertins)

From insert + -in. Coined by K. Ruhnau, A. Gaertner, and A. Wegner.

(biochemistry) A proteolytic fragment of tensin.


ankyroid

en-adj

ankyroid (comparative more ankyroid, superlative most ankyroid)

more ankyroid (comparative)
most ankyroid (superlative)
ancyroid (alternative)

/ˈæŋ.kɪ.ɹɔɪd/

/ˈæŋ.kə.ɹɔɪd/

From Ancient Greek ἄγκυρα (ánkura, “anchor, hook”) + -oid. Cognate with French ancyroïde.


ankyroid

/ˈæŋ.kɪ.ɹɔɪd/

/ˈæŋ.kə.ɹɔɪd/

Stylophorans are divided into two orders the Cornuta and Ankyroida: cornutes have asymmetrical thecae, aulacophores with stylocones and cover plates over the food groove that open widely; ankyroids have essentially bilaterally symmetrical thecae, aulacophores with styloids and in most the cover plates do not open widely.

1997 October, R[onald] L. Parsley, “The echinoderm classes Stylophora and Homoiostelea: non Calcichordata”, in The Paleontological Society Papers, volume 3, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: Cambridge University Press, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 225:

(zoology) A member of the order Ankyroida.


aulacophore

From Latin aulax (“furrow”) or its etymon Ancient Greek αὖλαξ (aûlax, “furrow”) + -phore (“bearer, carrier”).

(paleontology) A tail-like longitudinally differentiated appendage found in mitrates and cornutes, originally believed to be used for feeding, but now believed to be used for locomotion.


stylocone

(paleontology) A spiky plate on an echinoderm.


homoiostele

Homoiosteles are superficially similar to stylophorans: the column or stele resembles the aulacophore and the theca in younger genera develope^([sic]) distinct marginal and somatic plate patterns. The earliest homoiosteles are attached by a holdfast, at least in juvenile stages, and this fixation may have imprinted some morphological features on steles of vagile genera. Earliest homoiosteles share significant characters with coeval species of the eocrinoid Gogia and it serves as outgroup.

(zoology) A member of the class Homoiostelea.


epispire

Epispires, cothumopores, and lamellipores in cornutes are respiratory structures not atypical of early echinoderms and are only superficially similar to chordate gill slits.

(paleontology) A spiral ridge on the surface of the shell of some fossilized gastropods.


cothurnopore

Epispires, cothurnopores, and lamellipores in cornutes are respiratory structures not atypical of early echinoderms and are only superficially similar to chordate gill slits.

In all cornute species where cothurnopores are well preserved, each cothurnopore consists of two U-plates that meet one another at the tips, thus enclosing a small elliptical area.

2002 April, Mónica Martí Mus, “The Ordovician cornute Flabellicystis rushtoni n. gen. n. sp. (Stylophora, Echinodermata) and its phylogenetic position within the group Cornuta”, in Paläontologische Zeitschrift, volume 76, Suttgart: E. Schweizerbartsche Verlagsbuchhandlung, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 105, column 1:

(paleontology) A proto-lamellate organ of a stylophoran composed of U-shaped plates.


lamellipore

(paleontology) A thin, sheet-like extension that forms part of the skeletal walls of some bryozoan colonies.


homalozoan

Most homalozoans have long flexible appendages.

(zoology) Any member of the extinct subphylum Homalozoa.


long-eared

(zoology) Of an animal, possessing long ears, ear tufts, or wattles.


mihi itch

From Latin mihī̆, dative of egō̆ (“I”), + itch.

Unscrupulous individuals can and do jump freely into taxonomy to satisfy their ‘mihi itch’ by engaging in a practice called ‘taxonomic vandalism’ creating taxon names without proper scientific work to back them up.

2023, Wolfgang Denzer, Hinrich Kaiser, “Naming And Gaming: The Illicit Taxonomic Practice Of 'Nomenclatural Harvesting' And How To Avoid It”, in Journal of Zoology, volume 320, number 3, page 161:

(taxonomy) The ambition to publish and name large numbers of taxa as a form of personal aggrandizement.


beloid

en-adj

beloid (comparative more beloid, superlative most beloid)

more beloid (comparative)
most beloid (superlative)

From Ancient Greek βέλος (bélos, “arrow, dart”) + -oid.

der

In norma verticalis his cranium is distinctly ovoid, almost beloid, i.e. it is not broad enough to permit us to state definitely that it is not Egyptian, although its shape is by no means a common one in the pure Egyptian.

1987, Ahmed Osman, Stranger in the Valley of the Kings, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Row, Publishers, →ISBN, pages 124–125:

I managed a slight nod. Even that sent paroxysms of beloid agony through my neck and throat.

2005, L. E. Modesitt, Jr., The Eternity Artifact, New York, N.Y.: Tor Books, →ISBN, page 222:

(especially zoology, anthropology, rare) Resembling an arrow, particularly in having a narrow and pointed shape; arrowlike.


branchiform

en-adj

branchiform (comparative more branchiform, superlative most branchiform)

more branchiform (comparative)
most branchiform (superlative)
branchiiform (alternative)

From Latin branchia, branchiae (“gills”) + -form.

The ear-shaped or branchiform stigma of Otostigma and Branchiostoma is due to the oblique form of the cone along a small part of its length; on the base of the stigmata of these forms there appear a few of those irregular darkly coloured patches, beset with small hooks, which are so common in the Chilopoda.

1887, “Summary or Current Researches Relating to Zoology and Botany […]”, in Journal of the Royal Microscopical Society, Part I, London, Edinburgh: […] Williams & Norgate, page 386:


calathiform

calathiform (comparative more calathiform, superlative most calathiform)

more calathiform (comparative)
most calathiform (superlative)

From Latin calathus (“wicker basket”) + -iform.

Only young buds seen. Bracts apparently at the apex of the pedicels, calathiform, c. 3 mm in diameter, the cavity c. 2 mm deep. Pedicels c. 3,5 mm long.

1966, J. Lanjouw, P. F. Baron Van Heerdt, “Quiinaceae”, in A. Pulle, editor, Flora of Suriname, volume III, part I: Dyalypetalae, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 380:

(especially botany, rare) Basket-shaped.


herpes simplex virus

en-noun

herpes simplex virus (countable and uncountable, plural herpes simplex viruses)

(medicine, virology) One of two members of the human Herpesviridae family, a set of viruses that produces viral infections in the majority of humans.


geminiform

The Upper Skiddaw of the Lake District possibly includes some horizons not embraced in the more typical and Upper Arenig beds of South Wales, or in the corresponding Scanian strata that overlie the Swedish Orthoceras-Limestone; but in all these beds the salient character of the Graptolite fauna is the predominance of individuals of Didymograptus, among which the "geminiform" species D. bifidus, Hall, is especially common.

1880, Charles Lapworth, “On the Geological Distribution of the Rhabdophora. Part III. Results”, in The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, volume V (fifth series), number XXV, London: Taylor and Francis, page 279:

(botany, rare) Having a structure consisting of two identical parts.


mucroniform

From Latin mūcrō, mūcrōnem (“a sharp point”) + -iform.

Perennials, densely caespitose; rhizome stout, branched, ascending or short with internodes very abbreviated; stem 15–25 (–33) cm long, c. 1 mm in diam.; cataphylls 3–4 (–5), obtuse, pale brown with blade mucroniform and 0.3–1.5 mm long; cauline leaf usually single; auricles narrow, distinct; sterile shoots usually single-leaved.

2002, Jan Kirschner, editor, Species Plantarum: Flora of the World, Part 6. Juncaceae 1: Rostkovia to Luzula, Canberra: Australian Biological Resources Study, →ISBN, page 6:

(botany, rare) Having a sharp pointed end or mucro.


nasutiform

From nasute (“a kind of termite with a nasus”) + -iform.

af

The large subfamily Nasutitermitinae includes many species which have soldiers with a pear-shaped, nasutiform head and several species build nests of carton.

1970, Kumar Krishna, Frances M. Weesner, editors, Biology of Termites, volume II, New York, N.Y., London: Academic Press, page 374:


palaceous

Borrowed from New Latin palaceus (“spade-like”), from pāla (“spear”) + -āceus.

bor+

Alpina, however, has a black or brownish rachis with scattered palaceous hairs, while that of glabella is entirely smooth and green.

1901, Willard Nelson Clute, Our Ferns in Their Haunts: A Guide to All the Native Species, New York, N.Y.: Frederick A. Stokes Company, page 99:

(botany, dated) Of a leaf: having a spade-like shape.


von Baer's laws

They were proposed by Karl Ernst von Baer.

(biology) Four rules to explain the observed pattern of embryonic development in different species: (i) The more general characters of a large group appear earlier in the embryo than the more special characters. (ii) From the most general forms the less general are developed, and so on, until finally the most special arises. (iii) Every embryo of a given animal form, instead of passing through the other forms, rather becomes separated from them. (iv) The embryo of a higher form never resembles any other form, but only its embryo.


RNA interference

(genetics) A biological process in which RNA molecules are involved in sequence-specific suppression of gene expression by double-stranded RNA, through translational or transcriptional repression.


cryotag

Anonymity is preserved by using unique sample IDs for each participant: GS labels contain sample IDs in human-readable and barcode format, and are used on all tubes and paperwork linked to the participant, including cryotags suitable for freezing.

2009, A. K. MacLeod, D. C. M. Liewald, M. M. McGilchrist, A. D. Morris, S. M. Kerr, D. J. Porteous, “Some principles and practices of genetic biobanking studies”, in European Respiratory Journal (The genetic and cardiovascular aspects of obstructive sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome; 1), volume 33, number 2, →DOI, →ISSN, page 420:

(biology) An adhesive label designed to withstand very low temperatures, used for labeling biological samples and other materials stored in a cryogenic freezer.


subbranched

(botany) Almost or imperfectly branched.


toughshank

en-noun

toughshank (usually uncountable, plural toughshanks)

(mycology) Any of several species of fungi in the order (taxonomic rank) Agaricales.


dicolpate

The pollen grains are dicolpate.

(botany, palynology, of a pollen) Having two grooves, or colpi, on each grain.


dicolpate

The dicolpates are grouped into clades.

(botany, taxonomy) A plant with dicolpate (two-grooved) pollen.


tetracolpate

The pollen grains are tetracolpate.

(botany, palynology, of a pollen) Having four grooves, or colpi, on each grain.


tetracolpate

(botany, taxonomy) A plant with tetracolpate (four-grooved) pollen.


zonocolporate

(botany, of a pollen grain) Having colpori arranged in distinct zones.


zonocolpate

(botany, of a pollen grain) Having colpi arranged in distinct zones.


pantocolpate

(botany, palynology, of pollen) Having grooves, or colpi, all over each grain.


zonoporate

(botany, of a pollen grain) Having pores arranged in discrete zones.


stephanoporate

(botany, of a pollen grain) Having more than three pores around its equator.


periporate

(botany, of a pollen grain) Having pores located in a non-central position.


stephanocolpate

(botany, of a pollen grain) Having more than three colpi around its equator.


pericolpate

Erdman would call many of the "colpi" of a pericolpate grain sulculi, as they are not meridional, do not cross the equator, but are more-or-less parallel to it, or colpoids, if otherwise located.

2007, Alfred Traverse, Paleopalynology, page 120:

(botany, of a pollen grain) Having colpi located in a non-central position.


syncolpate

(botany, of a pollen grain) Having longitudinal colpi that meet at the poles.


pericolporate

(botany, of a pollen grain) Having colpori located in a non-central position.


stephanocolporate

(botany, of a pollen grain) Having more than three colpori.


heterocolporate

(botany, of a pollen grain) Having different types of compound colpi.


pseudocolporate

(botany, of a pollen grain) Having a colporus that does not act as a functional aperture.


pseudocolpate

(botany, of a pollen grain) Having one or more colpi that do not form a functional aperture.


cataplerotically

(biochemistry) Relating to cataplerosis.


heterocolpate

There are thus transitional stages between tetrads and monads (i.e. pollen grains shed singly), between saccate (=vesiculate) and non-saccate, fenestrate and non-fenestrate, heterocolpate and non-heterocolpate grains, etc.

2013 October 22, W. B. Turrill, Vistas in Botany: Recent Researches in Plant Taxonomy, Elsevier, →ISBN, page 25:

Heterocolpate pollen grains occur in some genera in which both colporate and simple colpi are found.

2018 December 19, Heine Klaus, Palaeoecology of Africa and the Surrounding Islands - Volume 26, Routledge, →ISBN:

(botany, of a pollen grain) Having both simple and compound colpi.


sinuaperturate

(botany) With apertures situated in the sinuses (notches or depressions).


trichotomocolpate

(botany, of a pollen grain) Having three colpi, or grooves.


spiraperturate

[…] (spiraperturate pollen grains). Spiraperturate pollen grains are found in some liliopsids, such as Lomandra, Aphyllanthes , and Eriocaulaceae. A modified type of the spiraperturate pollen grain is observed in Baxteria[…]

1991, Armen Leonovich Takhtadzhi͡an, Evolutionary Trends in Flowering Plants, Columbia University Press, →ISBN, page 149:

(botany, of a pollen grain) Having an aperture that is spiral in shape.


NPRA

natriuretic peptide receptor A
w:natriuretic peptide receptor A

(biochemistry) Initialism of natriuretic peptide receptor A.


pugioniform

en-adj

pugioniform (comparative more pugioniform, superlative most pugioniform)

more pugioniform (comparative)
most pugioniform (superlative)

Borrowed from New Latin pugioniformis, from Latin pūgiō (“dagger”).

pugioniformis (M. pugioniforme) has a tall thick st. to 2 ft.: lvs. to 6 in. long, glaucous, 3-angled, gradually tapering from base to apex (pugioniform or dagger-shaped): petals as long as calyx-lobes.

1930, “Conicosia”, in L[iberty] H[yde] Bailey, Ethel Zoe Bailey, editors, Hortus: A Concise Dictionary of Gardening, General Horticulture and Cultivated Plants in North America, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company, page 168, column 2:


scalpeliform

scalpeliform (comparative more scalpeliform, superlative most scalpeliform)

more scalpeliform (comparative)
most scalpeliform (superlative)

Ostiolar peritreme elevated, scalpeliform, apex ending abruptly near middle of metapleuron.

1965 September, Herbert Ruckes, “Several New Genera and Species of Discocephaline Pentatomids (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae)”, in Journal of the New York Entomological Society, volume LXXIII, number 3, New York, N.Y.: New York Entomological Society, →ISSN, →JSTOR, →OCLC, page 123:


xyphus

Mesosternum tumid with wide, punctured, longitudinal furrow between halves, xyphus quadrangular also punctured, its apex truncate.

Rostrum reaching to the end of the metasternum; first joint stout, reaching to the apex of the xyphus of the prosternum .

1865, John William Douglas, John Scott, The British Hemiptera: Hemiptera-Heteroptera - Volume 1, page 35:

(entomology) A triangular part of the prosternum that is found between the bases of the anterior coxae.


embolium

From New Latin [Term?], from Ancient Greek ἐμβόλιον (embólion, “insertion”).

der

Hemelytral membranes small, not reaching apex of abdomen; costal margin of embolium rather evenly arcuate, hardly ampliate toward base. Connexivum well exposed, segmental angles rectilinear, not at all produced.

1965 September, Herbert Ruckes, “Several New Genera and Species of Discocephaline Pentatomids (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae)”, in Journal of the New York Entomological Society, volume LXXIII, number 3, New York, N.Y.: New York Entomological Society, →ISSN, →JSTOR, →OCLC, page 117:

(entomology) A narrow piece separating the costa and corium in certain insects of the suborder Heteroptera.


soleiform

en-adj

soleiform (comparative more soleiform, superlative most soleiform)

more soleiform (comparative)
most soleiform (superlative)

Their ascospores are ellipsoid or soleiform, 1- or rarely 3-septate, usually have a larger upper cell, are mainly olivaceous brown, have rounded or somewhat attenuated apices and a verruculose wall surrounded by a thin gelatinous sheath (Hawksworth, 1985).

2000, Jane Fröhlich, Kevin D. Hyde, Palm Microfungi, Hong Kong: Fungal Diversity Press, page 85:


trizonocolpate

(botany, of a pollen grain) Having three colpi aligned longitudinally, equidistant around the equator.


tetrazonocolpate

(botany, of a pollen grain) Having four colpi aligned longitudinally, equidistant around the equator.


vergiform

vergiform (comparative more vergiform, superlative most vergiform)

more vergiform (comparative)
most vergiform (superlative)

Dana's statements that the feet are all vergiform and that the first and second peraeopods, though a little stouter than the gnathopods, are still slender, are irreconcilable with the undoubtedly subchelate character of those peraeopods in Haswell's I. punctatus.

1909, Scientific Results of the Trawling Expedition of H.M.C.S. "Thetis" Off the Coast of New South Wales, in February and March, 1898, Sydney, NSW: Australian Museum, page 626:

(zoology) Of the feet of certain crustaceans: resembling a rod; rod-like.


turbinately

en-adv

turbinately (comparative more turbinately, superlative most turbinately)

more turbinately (comparative)
most turbinately (superlative)

(zoology) Spiral and decreasing sharply in diameter from base to apex.


corticotropin-releasing hormone

en-noun

corticotropin-releasing hormone (countable and uncountable, plural corticotropin-releasing hormones)

adrenocorticotropic hormone
adrenocorticotropic hormone

(biochemistry) A peptide hormone secreted by the hypothalamus, involved in the stimulation of the pituitary synthesis of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH).


dickinsoniomorph

From Dickinsonia + -o- + -morph. First attested since at least 2007.

Phylum uncertain, but in the past has been placed in the Phylum Proarticulata based on its "symmetry of gliding reflection" where segments meet along the midline in a zigzag fashion. Class: Vendiamorph; Family: Vendomiidae; possibly a dickinsoniomorph.

2007, Mikhail A. Fedonkin, The Rise of Animals, page 281:

This tool, we suggest, has the potential to be used for testing the unity of an evolutionary clade, such as 'rangeomorphs' and 'dickinsoniomorphs'.

2007, Patricia Vickers-Rich, Patricia Komarower, The Rise and Fall of the Ediacaran Biota, page 377:

The taxon is known from shallow-water sediments, and has been veriously interpreted as possibly a dickinsoniomorph, a protoarticulate, a marine alga, a trace fossil, or an erniettomorph (Vickers-Rich et al. in Fedonkin et al. 2007, p . 282; Xiao and Laflamme 2009).

2010, Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, page 1314:

'Epibaion', a series of trace fossil impressions in a Proterozoic biomat thought to have beern formed by the dickinsoniomorph Yorgia consuming the surface of the biomat.

2020, Encyclopedia of Geology, page 567:

(paleontology) A member of the genus Dickinsonia.


septemfoliate

(botany) Having seven leaves or leaflets.


kimberellomorph

Here I report seven additional creatures from the Clemente biota, including […] the solzid kimberellomorph Zirabagtaria ovata […]

2018 March 14, Mark A.S. McMenamin, Deep Time Analysis, Springer, →ISBN, page 78:

The largest and most central cluster—the White Sea module—predominantly consists of bilateralomorph, dickinsoniomorph, and kimberellomorph genera, along with other Ediacara-type taxa.

2019 February 22, “Ediacaran biozones identified with network analysis provide evidence for pulsed extinctions of early complex life”, in A. D. Muscente, Natalia Bykova, Thomas H. Boag, Luis A. Buatois, M. Gabriela Mángano, Ahmed Eleish, Anirudh Prabhu, Feifei Pan, Michael B. Meyer, James D. Schiffbauer, Peter Fox, Robert M. Hazen, Andrew H. Knoll, editors, Nature Communications:

Reconstruction of the kimberellomorph Ediacaran Kimberella.

2020 December 16, Encyclopedia of Geology, Academic Press, →ISBN, page 564:

(paleontology) A member of the genus Kimberella.


funiform

en-adj

funiform (comparative more funiform, superlative most funiform)

more funiform (comparative)
most funiform (superlative)

From Latin funis (“rope, cord”) + -form. First attested in 1862.

A series of small conical projections surround the edge, within which there is a double funiform elevation, similar to that in the diadem.

1862, William Wilde, A Descriptive Catalogue of the Antiquities of Gold in the Museum of the Royal Irish Academy, page 29:

Plant with thick funiform or fusiform roots.

2003, V. I. Grubov, Plants of Central Asia - Plant Collection from China and Mongolia, Vol. 7: Liliaceae to Orchidaceae, CRC Press, →ISBN:

Root reduced, with funiform, somewhat thickened secondary roots.

2007 January 5, L. I. Malyschev, Flora of Siberia, volume 12, CRC Press, →ISBN, page 92:

(chiefly biology, especially botany) Resembling a rope or cord.


cicada-geddon

cicada + -geddon or blend of cicada + armageddon.

(entomology, neologism) The rapid emergence of cicadas from underneath the ground after a long dormant period.


phosphatidyltransferase

en-noun

phosphatidyltransferase (countable and uncountable, plural phosphatidyltransferases)

Steps that follow the formation of archaeal phospholipids are the activation of CDP-archaeol by CarS […] and head group modification by enzymes of the CPD-alcohol phosphatidyltransferases and by enzymes that are homologues of their bacterial counterparts.

2016, Pierre Pontarotti, Evolutionary Biology: Convergent Evolution, Evolution of Complex Traits, Concepts and Methods, page 196:

(biochemistry) An enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphatidyl group from one molecule to another, involved in lipid metabolism and cell membrane synthesis.


fern ally

fern allies (plural)
fernally (alternative India)

alternation of generations
alternation of generations

(botany) Any of a diverse group of seedless vascular plants that disperse by shedding spores to initiate an alternation of generations, but are not true ferns.


actodigin

(biochemistry) A cardiotonic steroid, C₂₉H₄₄O₉ which is a synthetic isomer of digitoxigenin-glucoside with a modified lactone ring.


interferonic

Expression of the transgene was found in the mammary gland of lactating founder transgenic mice 26 and 28: the hybrid BLG-hIFN-g mRNA was detected in the mammary gland tissue (Fig. 3) and an interferonic activity of about 1,800 IU/ml was observed in the milk samples (Table I), which corresponds to the hIFN-g concentration of about 20 ng/ml[.]

1993 March, V.N. Dobrovolsky, O.V. Lagutin, T.V. Vinogradova, I.S. Frolova, V.P. Kuznetsov, O.A. Larionov, “Human γ-interferon expression in the mammary gland of transgenic mice”, in FEBS Letters, volume 319, numbers 1–2, →DOI, page 183:

(biochemistry) Pertaining to or characteristic of interferons.


oedymerous

From Ancient Greek οἰδέω (oidéō, “I swell”) + -merous.

af

Female, forma brachyptera.—Much like preceding form in color and general structure, but usually distinctly œdymerous and male-like in appearance; eyes reduced in size, ocelli nearly or quite wanting, genal tooth usually more prominent; sense-cones shorter; pronotum usually fully 1.5 times as long as head.

1933 December, J. Douglas Hood, “New Thysanoptera from Panamá”, in Journal of the New York Entomological Society, volume 41, number 4, page 427:

Macropterous, brachypterous and apterous forms of females and males are known in their populations. Two forms – oedymerous and gynaecoid – occur in males: they are characterized by the allometry of some body parts.

2015 June 30, Halina Kucharczyk, Łukasz Wyrozumski, “Hoplothrips carpathicus Pelikán, 1961 (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae) – a new thrips species in the Polish fauna”, in Polish Journal of Entomology, volume 84, →DOI, pages 73-74:

(entomology) Of certain Thysanoptera, having strongly thickened forelegs.


chloroplast DNA

en-noun

chloroplast DNA (plural chloroplast DNAs)

(cytology, molecular biology) DNA that is located in chloroplasts.


eccDNA

(cytology, molecular biology) A type of double-stranded circular DNA structure found in the eukaryotic nuclei of plant and animal (including human) cells.


ecDNA

(cytology, molecular biology) Any DNA that is found off the chromosomes, either inside or outside the nucleus of a cell.


C-DNA

(cytology, molecular biology) One of the many possible double helical conformations of DNA, induced to take this form in particular conditions such as relatively low humidity and the presence of certain ions.


microDNA

(cytology, molecular biology) The most abundant subtype of extrachromosomal circular DNA eccDNA in humans, typically ranging from 200-400 base pairs in length and enriched in non-repetitive genomic sequences with a high density of exons.


organellar DNA

(cytology, molecular biology) DNA contained in organelles, such as mitochondria and chloroplasts, outside the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.


siDNA

(cytology, molecular biology) A class of short modified double-stranded DNA molecules, 8–64 base pairs in length.


Hoogsteen base pair

Hoogsteen base pair (plural Hoogsteen base pairs)

(cytology, molecular biology) A variation of basepairing in nucleic acids such as the A•T pair.


xDNA

(biochemistry, molecular biology) A size-expanded nucleotide system synthesized from the fusion of a benzene ring and one of the four natural bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine.


shorb

The first of the rare species of shorb for AZ I started finding this fall was the Semipalmated Sandpiper, an overlooked and overeported species in Maricopa County.

2016 September 10, Caleb Strand, “Fall Madness: Shorebirding And More!!!”, in Birding With Caleb (blog), archived from the original on 2023-11-23:

With it was a much larger curlew species: Long-billed Curlew (the largest regularly occurring shorb in the ABA)

2019 December 20, Jared Conaway, “On The Wesside Feelin Like a Great”, in AK-AZ Birder (blog), archived from the original on 2024-04-12:

Unfortunately people coming back down the beach flushed the small shorb flock but they flew to the golf course and stuck around a bit.

2023 September 24, Mary Walsh, “Archived copy”, in Macaulay Library, archived from the original on 2024-04-12:


phagocidal

Evaluation of the antiviral activity of tea tree and eucalyptus EOs aerosolised via a nebuliser showed strong virucidal activity against airborne influenza virus A strain [13] and phagocidal activity against E. coli phage M13 [14].

2021 October 28, Ekaterina Mirskaya, Igor E. Agranovski, “Control of Airborne Microorganisms by Essential Oils Released by VaxiPod”, in Atmosphere, volume 12, number 11, →DOI, page 3:

(microbiology) That destroys or inactivates bacteriophages.


hog caterpillar

Virginia creeper sphinx
Virginia creeper sphinx

(lepidopterology) The larva of the Virginia creeper sphinx.


Yakutian horse

(zoology) A horse breed that originated in Sakha Republic (Yakutia).


clearance time

clearance time (countable and uncountable, plural clearance times)

To get a better idea of why the radon concentration takes a long time to return to a steady state, despite the large ventilation capacity of the 16,000-cfm ventilation fans, analysis was made of data from a test conducted to measure clearance time of an inert tracer after sudden injection into the intake portal of the mine .

1982, David P. Lindroth, Sterling J. Anderson, Safe, Effective Hangup Clearance for Underground Mines, page 11:

The exhaust configuration has little bearing on clearance time.

2004, William A. Burgess, Michael J. Ellenbecker, Robert D. Treitman, Ventilation for Control of the Work Environment, page 191:

Increased airflow is an option to decrease clearance time.

2013, Carsten Drebenstedt, Raj Singhal, Mine Planning and Equipment Selection, page 138:

The amount of time it takes to empty something out.

(ecology, chemistry) The amount of time before a foreign substance in the air has dissipated.


antitransit

en-adj

antitransit (comparative more antitransit, superlative most antitransit)

more antitransit (comparative)
most antitransit (superlative)

(biology) Inhibiting gastrointestinal transit.


Pouyannian mimicry

Coined 1982 by Georges Pasteur, after Maurice-Alexandre Pouyanne, who described the behaviour in orchids in a 1916 paper.

2017, Wiley Blevins, Ninja Plants, Lerner Publishing Group (Twenty-First Century Books), page 52,
The plant world is full of mimics. In Pouyannian mimicry, a flower mimics a female insect to attract the right male pollinator.

(biology, botany) A type of mimicry exhibited by some plants, whereby certain flower parts resemble a (female) potential mate for a male of a pollinator species, thus inducing pseudocopulation.


cramp ball

From cramp + ball. First use appears c. 1904 in the publication South Eastern Naturalist.


triple-stranded

(genetics) That have three helical strands of nucleic acid that wind around each other and are connected by hydrogen bonds.


hog's garlic

Allium ursinum
Allium ursinum#Translingual

(botany) Ramsons, of species Allium ursinum.


orthomitosis

The first is that division at any phase of the life eyele should be by this or that method (e.g., orthomitosis) and according to methods which have been studied in detail in the Metazoa.

1968, David Weinman, Miodrag Ristic, editors, Infectious Blood Diseases of Man and Animals, page 369:

Golgi bodies and mitochondria with tubular cristae are present, but not plastids; the nuclei show open orthomitosis during binary fission.

1991 October 3, Michael A. Sleigh, Protozoa and Other Protists, Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 139:

In both closed intranuclear pleuromitosis and orthomitosis, the spindle remains entirely within the nucleus, though its positioning is different.

2010 December 7, Bernd Schierwater, Rob Desalle, editors, Key Transitions in Animal Evolution, CRC Press, page 12:

(cytology) A form of mitosis characterized by an axial, central, symmetric, and bipolar spindle.


Alaskapox

Translingual: Alaskapox virus (archaic)

Discovered in July 2015, by a woman visited a clinic in Fairbanks, Alaska, with lesions.

Alaskapox is a type of orthopoxvirus that infects mammals, including humans, and causes skin lesions.

2024 February 14, Joe Hernandez, “A man died from Alaskapox last month. Here's what we know about the virus”, in NPR:

"Several Alaskapox patients initially thought they had a spider or insect bite," the health department notes.

2024 February 15, Sara Moniuszko, “What is Alaskapox? Symptoms to know after death brings attention to virus”, in CBS News:

(virology, neologism) A disease caused by virus Borealpox virus, of the genus Orthopoxvirus, first documented in 2015 in Alaska, United States.


Copi

By shortening of Copious, coined in 2022 by Illinois Department of Natural Resources.

"Copi is a great name: Short, crisp and easy to say. What diner won't be intrigued when they read Copi tacos or Copi burgers on a menu?"

2022 June 22, Jelisa Castrodale, quoting Colleen Callahan, “What Is Copi? A New Name for an Invasive Fish”, in Food&Wine:

(zoology, neologism, cooking) Another name for Asian carp.


VEXAS

Acronym of vacuoles, E1 enzyme, X chromosome, autoinflammatory, somatic, after the core features of the disorder. First discovered in October 2020, with the report from The New England Journal of Medicine and identified by a multidisciplinary team of scientists (see quotations below).

acronym

Using a genotype-driven approach, we identified a disorder that connects seemingly unrelated adult-onset inflammatory syndromes. We named this genetic disorder the VEXAS syndrome, which is caused by myeloid-restricted somatic missense mutations in UBA1.

2020 October 27, David B. Beck, Marcela A. Ferrada, Keith A. Sikora, Amanda K. Ombrello, et alia, “Somatic Mutations in UBA1 and Severe Adult-Onset Autoinflammatory Disease”, in New England Journal of Medicine, volume 383, →DOI:

Additionally, patients with VEXAS suffer from a spectrum of hematologic problems, including macrocytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, thromboembolic disease, and progressive bone marrow failure, which can evolve to hematologic malignancy

2021 July 1, Peter C. Grayson, Bhavisha A. Patel, Neal S. Young, “VEXAS syndrome”, in Blood, volume 137, number 26, →DOI, page 3591:

The researchers note that a diagnosis based on symptoms alone could easily miss cases of VEXAS that would be caught by UBA1 testing.

2023 February 14, Vicki Contie, “VEXAS syndrome more common than realized”, in National Institutes of Health:

(medicine, biology) An autoimmune disease that causes inflammation in the body and mostly affects men.


quadrupledemic

Add another monkeypox or bird flu outbreak, and we might even experience a “quadrupledemic.”

2022 December 18, David Axe, “Overlapping Virus Outbreaks Threaten ‘Tripledemic’ Crisis”, in Daily Blast:

respiratory syncytial virus
respiratory syncytial virus

(virology, neologism) The widespread outbreak of Covid-19, flu, respiratory syncytial virus, and adenovirus at the same time.


circular fashion

Coined in 2014 by Anna Brismar, the owner of Green Strategy, and another expert in Sweden.

Circular fashion is the intersection of the circular economy (a model that exchanges the typical cycle of take-make-waste in favour of reusing and recycling as much as possible) and sustainable and ethical fashion.

2022 September 19, Madeleine Hill, “What Is Circular Fashion?”, in Good On You:

(fashion, ecology, neologism) Clothes that are designed and made in such a way that they will last for a long time, can eventually be repaired or redesigned instead of being thrown away, and cause little or no damage to the environment.


-gonium

From Ancient Greek γονή (gonḗ, “engendering”) + -ium (“structure”).

der

archegonium, carpogonium

(biology, mycology) A reproductive structure of some organisms

perigonium

gametogonium, spermatogonium

(biology) An immature cell that will develop into a reproductive one


gloeo-

Derived from Ancient Greek γλοιός (gloiós).

der+

gloeo- + vessel → gloeovessel

gloeo- + cystidium → gloeocystidium

(biology) Having the character of glue; sticky.


D-value

en-noun

D-value (countable and uncountable, plural D-values)

(microbiology) In a sterilization procedure, the amount of time required, at a given condition, to kill 90% of relevant microorganisms.


utilization time

utilization time (countable and uncountable, plural utilization times)

utilization times (plural)
utilisation time (alternative)

(biology) The amount of time taken by a stimulus of rheobasic strength that is sufficiently enough to excite the nerve and produce a muscle contraction.


queen retinue pheromone

queen retinue pheromone (plural queen retinue pheromones)

(biochemistry) A kind of honey bee pheromone that serves to attract a circle of bees around the queen.


mandibular pheromone

mandibular pheromone (plural mandibular pheromones)

queen retinue pheromone
queen retinue pheromone#English

(biochemistry) Synonym of queen retinue pheromone.


incubation time

incubation time (countable and uncountable, plural incubation times)

(biology, sciences) The duration required for a process to complete, such as the time for an organism to develop or a reaction to occur.


thermal death time

thermal death time (countable and uncountable, plural thermal death times)

(microbiology) The amount of time required to kill a specific bacterium at a specific temperature.


neuraxon

neuraxons (plural)
neuraxone (alternative dated)


amphisexual

(biology) Able to develop into either sex.


survival time

survival time (countable and uncountable, plural survival times)

(biology, sciences) The moment in time from a fixed starting point to the onset of an event of interest.


dextrinization time

dextrinization time (countable and uncountable, plural dextrinization times)

(biochemistry) The amount of time required for a starch molecule to be converted to dextrin.


stimulus-response time

stimulus-response time (countable and uncountable, plural stimulus-response times)

(biology) The amount of time required for an organism to react to an external stimulus, often without conscious thought.


conduction time

conduction time (countable and uncountable, plural conduction times)

(biology, neurology) The total amount of time required for a signal to travel from its starting point to its target.

(biology, neurology) The numerical difference between the latencies at the first recording electrode for each position.


balling gun

It is very easy to misuse the balling gun and cause a serious "choke" in the horse or damage to the back of the throat.

2006, T. A. Landers, Professional Care of the Racehorse, page 253:

Before passing a balling gun into the patient's oral cavity, a quick assessment of the patient's size is mandatory.

2007, Thomas J. Divers, Simon F. Peek, Rebhun's Diseases of Dairy Cattle, page 21:

This instrument is available in various sizes for use in different species. Cattle require a balling gun with a large head and long handle, with a metal or flexible plastic head.

2016, Margi Sirois, Principles and Practice of Veterinary Technology, page 673:

(veterinary medicine) A device for forcing a pill or bolus of medicine down the throat of an animal.


balling-iron

Named for its original use in forcing open the mouth of an animal for balling.

After a due examination of the mouth has been made, and we have selected the tooth to be operated upon, the animal should be restrained by means of a twitch, and a balling-iron ought then to be placed in the mouth . The common open balling-iron will answer the purpose, but the one I would recommend you to use is that invented by Mr. Varnell .

1851, The Veterinarian: A Monthly Journal of Veterinary Science, page 635:

It is necessary at times to give a medicinal ball to a horse, and as few grooms are expert at administering a ball without assistance, a balling-iron affords them that assistance.

1858, James Slight, Robert Scott Burn, Henry Stephens, The Book of Farm Implements and Machines, page 532:

Every groom should know how to give a ball, which is managed either with or without a balling-iron, an instrument which is seldom wanted , and which sometimes occasions considerable mischief to the roof of the horse's mouth .

1873, George Armatage, The horse, page 158:

The man using a balling-iron has, therefore, to guard himself from blows rapidly dealt with the fore hoofs of a desperate animal.

1876, Edward Mayhew, Mayhew's Illustrated Horse Management, page 42:

(veterinary medicine) A piece of shaped metal that forces the mouth of an animal to stay open.


ombrophobe

en-adj

ombrophobe (comparative more ombrophobe, superlative most ombrophobe)

more ombrophobe (comparative)
most ombrophobe (superlative)


helophilous

helophilous (comparative more helophilous, superlative most helophilous)

more helophilous (comparative)
most helophilous (superlative)

hélophile

needing or tolerating a high level of sunlight


ombrohydrochory

(botany) Dissemination of the diaspores by rain water


whelping ice

(zoology) The section of ice where seals give birth to their young.


squamelliform

squamelliform (comparative more squamelliform, superlative most squamelliform)

more squamelliform (comparative)
most squamelliform (superlative)


squamelliferous

squamelliferous (comparative more squamelliferous, superlative most squamelliferous)

more squamelliferous (comparative)
most squamelliferous (superlative)


spadiciform

spadiciform (comparative more spadiciform, superlative most spadiciform)

more spadiciform (comparative)
most spadiciform (superlative)

From Latin spadix (“inflorescence”, stem spadic-) + -iform.


smoothbark

(botany) Having smooth bark (used in the names of plants).


Crabtree effect

en-noun

Crabtree effect (plural Crabtree effects)

Named after biologist Herbert Grace Crabtree, whose study of the carbohydrate metabolism of tumours led the discovery of the effect.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Saccharomyces cerevisiae#Translingual

tricarboxylic acid cycle
tricarboxylic acid cycle

(biochemistry) The phenomenon whereby the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, produces ethanol in aerobic conditions at high external glucose concentrations rather than aerobically producing biomass via the tricarboxylic acid cycle as it's common in most yeasts.


Eagle effect

Named after Harry Eagle who first described it.

(microbiology, pharmacology) A phenomenon observed in which higher concentrations of antibiotics paradoxically improve bacterial survival.


Emerson effect

Named after Robert Emerson who described the effect in 1957.

(biochemistry) The increase in the rate of photosynthesis after chloroplasts are exposed to light of wavelength 680 nm (deep red spectrum) and more than 680 nm (far red spectrum).


Kautsky effect

(physics, biology) The variation in a plant fluorescence when exposed to light.


maternal effect

maternal effect (plural maternal effects)

(evolutionary theory, genetics) A situation where the phenotype of an organism is determined not only by the environment it experiences and its genotype, but also by the environment and genotype of its mother.


mid-domain effect

mid-domain effect (plural mid-domain effects)

(ecology) The hypothesis that species richness tends to peak in the middle of a geographic range or habitat rather than at the extremes; an attempt to explain the observed pattern of latitudinal gradients in species diversity.


Pasteur effect

Named after Louis Pasteur who first described the effect in 1857.

(biochemistry) The phenomenon in which the cellular presence of oxygen causes in cells a decrease in the rate of glycolysis and also a suppression of lactate accumulation.


lysogeny broth

The medium was invented by microbial geneticist Giuseppe Bertani, who published his formula in a 1951 paper on lysogeny.

Lysogeny broth was formulated by Giusseppe^([sic]) Bertani in 1951 to optimize Shigella growth, but has since become the standard for growing many microbial cultures [19].

2019, Uranbileg Dhaalkhaijav, Angela L. Dunham, Travis W. Walker, “Chapter 2: Effects of Medium Components on the Bulk Rheology and on the Formation of Ferning Patterns for Biofilm of Pseudomonas aeroginosa”, in Dinesh Sriramulu, editor, Pseudomonas Aeruginosa: An Armory Within, IntechOpen, page 6:

2022 June 27, Žana Lovšin, Anja Klančnik, Tadej Kotnik, Electroporation as an Efficacy Potentiator for Antibiotics With Different Target Sites, Aleksandra P. Djukic-Vukovic, Daniela De Biase, Peter Adrian Lund, Nuno Pereira Mira, Jana Sedlakova-Kadukova (editors), Microbial Stress, Frontiers Media (Frontiers in Microbiology), page 35,
Then, a 100 μL volume was taken from each sample and mixed with 100 μL of either lysogeny broth (for control and electroporation-only experiments) or lysogeny broth supplemented with the antibiotic at the final concentration required for the post-pulse predilution incubation.

2022, Irem Unalan, et al., Physical and Antibacterial Properties of Peppermint Oil Loaded Poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) Electrospun Fiber Mats for Wound Healing, Gianluca Ciardelli, Ipsita Roy, Jochen Salber, Antonia Nostro, Aldo R. Boccaccini (editors), Combating Bacterial Infections Through Biomimetic or Bioinspired Materials Design and Enabling Technologies, Frontiers Media (Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology), page 11,
The lysogeny broth medium and bacterial cell suspension in lysogeny broth medium were used as blank and control.

(microbiology) A nutritionally rich culture medium primarily used for the growth of bacteria.

milieu LB

culture medium used for the growth of bacteria


Succulent Karoo

(ecology) An ecoregion in South Africa and Namibia.


Wahlund effect

Named after Swedish geneticist Sten Wahlund who described the effect in 1928.

(genetics) A reduction of heterozygosity in a population caused by subpopulation structure.


Wallace effect

(ecology, evolutionary biology) A process of speciation where natural selection increases the reproductive isolation between two populations of species as a result of selection acting against the production of hybrid individuals of low fitness.


FLiRT

(virology) A subvariant of the Omicron variant, scientifically known as KP.2 and KP.1.1.


chimabachid

(entomology) Any member of the Chimabachinae subfamily of moths


pelory

pelory (countable and uncountable, plural pelories)


gregaric

en-adj

gregaric (comparative more gregaric, superlative most gregaric)

more gregaric (comparative)
most gregaric (superlative)

Within the Araschnia-clade, larval gregaric habits, host plants, and the conspicuously reddish

2004 March 1, Z. Fric, M. Konvicka, J. Zrzavy, “Red & black or black & white? Phylogeny of the Araschnia butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) and evolution of seasonal polyphenism”, in Journal of Evolutionary Biology, volume 17, number 2, →DOI, →ISSN, pages 265–278:


-plasm

From Ancient Greek πλάσμα (plásma, “something molded”); a doublet of plasma and plasm used mostly in biology.


white blood

From white + blood. First appears c. 1398 in a publication by John Trevisa.

(biology, zoology, uncommon) Blood devoid of red blood cells, commonly found in invertebrates.


trypticase soy agar

This procedure was repeated with distilled water instead of the trypticase soy agar.

1969, Public Health Monograph No. 78: A Study of the Application of Laminar Flow Ventilation to Operating Rooms, U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare:

1973, G. Briggs Phillips, Robert S. Runkle, Biomedical Applications of Laminar Airflow, 2019 eBook Edition, Taylor & Francis (CRC Press), unnumbered page,
Using sterile forceps, aseptically remove the stainless steel strip from the bottle and place the strip on a 9 ±2 ml layer of solidified, sterile trypticase soy agar contained in a 100 mm diameter Petri plate. Add 20 ml of sterile molten (50°C) trypticase soy agar to completely cover the stainless steel strip.

2019, Moshrafuddin Ahmed, S. K. Basumatary, Applied Microbiology, Tamilnadu Book House (MJP Publishers), page 604,
3. Incubate two trypticase soy agar slants by means of streak inoculation

(microbiology) A growth medium for culturing moderately to non-fastidious bacteria.


genonym

(taxonomy, dated) Generic name; the name of a genus.


prionopterous

(entomology) Having the costal edge of the forewing serrate and thickened (in butterflies).


cold-aridiphilous

(malacology) Liking cold and arid conditions.


eopterosaurian

(paleontology) Any member of the Eopterosauria clade of pterosaurs.


talonic acid

(biochemistry) (2S,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoic acid, an epimer of galactonic acid.


talonic

(biochemistry) Of or relating to talonic acid.


guanosine triphosphate

en-noun

guanosine triphosphate (plural guanosine triphosphates)

(biochemistry, organic chemistry) A type of purine nucleoside triphosphate that is needed for the synthesis of RNA during transcription.


GTPase

guanosine triphosphate
guanosine triphosphate

guanosine diphosphate
guanosine diphosphate

(biochemistry, organic chemistry) Any of a large family of hydrolase enzymes that bind to the nucleotide guanosine triphosphate (GTP) and hydrolyze it to guanosine diphosphate (GDP).


guanosine diphosphate

guanosine diphosphate (plural guanosine diphosphates)

(biochemistry, organic chemistry) An ester of pyrophosphoric acid with the nucleoside guanosine; the product of dephosphorylation (via hydrolysis) of GTP by a GTPase.

guanosine diphosphate

ester of pyrophosphoric acid with guanosine


postcleithrum

(ichthyology) A bone in the pectoral girdle of teleost fishes.


Nubian woodpecker

Nubian woodpecker (plural Nubian woodpeckers)

(ornithology) A bird of species Campethera nubica in the family Picidae.


spicately

en-adv

spicately (comparative more spicately, superlative most spicately)

more spicately (comparative)
most spicately (superlative)

Leaves dilated, verticillate or alternate flowers; racemose or spicately racemose.

1839, Robert Sweet, F.L.S., edited by George Don, F.L.S., SWEET'S HORTUS BRITANNICUS; OR, A CATALOGUE OF ALL THE PLANTS INDIGENOUS OR CULTIVATED IN THE GARDENS OF GREAT BRITAIN, ARRANGED ACCORDING TO THE NATURAL SYSTEM, WITH THE GENERIC AND SPECIFIC NAMES ENGLISH NAMES ACCENTUATION DERIVATION OF GENERIC NAMES NATIVE COUNTRY YEAR OF INTRODUCTION TIME OF FLOWERING COLOUR OF FLOWERS MODE OF GROWTH DURATION REFERENCES TO THE BEST FIGURES THE MOST USEFUL SYNONYMES THE LINNEAN CLASS AND ORDER TO WHICH EACH GENUS BELONGS, Third edition, London: James Ridgeway, page 513:

The arrangement of individual inflorescence units is highly variable in Nivenia and Aristea but the ancestral condition is most likely racemose (Goldblatt, 1993a,b) with lateral inflorescences borne on short lateral branches (sessile lateral branches, thus spicately arranged, are considered homologous)

2004 January, Goldblatt, Peter, Le Thomas, Annick, Suárez-Cervera, Maria, “Phylogeny of the Afro-Madagascan Aristea (Iridaceae) revisited in the light of new data on pollen morphology.”, in Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, volume 144, number 1, Appendix (section 16), page 67:

They consist of spicately or paniculately arranged glomerules of flowers.

2024 June 7, Wikipedia contributors, “Chenopodium”, in English Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation:

(botany) Having the form of a spike, or ear; arranged in a spike or spikes.


protogen

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-protogen.wav

It is also said that in plants of the turnip tribe a substance occurs of the same complicated composition as the protogen of the brain, and that these elements split up naturally, in the same mauner as they do when decomposed artificially, and in both cases phosphoric acid, sugar, and nitrogenous substances like neurin and oxyneurin, result from the process.

1870 November 7, “Editor's Scientific Record”, in Harper's New Monthly Magazine, volume 42, Harper & Brothers, page 629:

In each case a factor was found to be required which was not one of the known coenzymes. These factors were known variously as pyruvate oxidation factor, protogen, and thioctic acid or a-lipoic acid, but by 1952 it was evident that they were one and the same compound.

1961, Michael Wells Neil, Basic Biochemistry, Lippincott, page 47:

It was suggested by Granick (1961) that in animal mitochondria Proto was probably formed from protoporphyrinogen (Protogen) (VIII; Fig. 1) by an enzymatic oxidation that involves the removal of six hydrogens from the Protogen ring.

1982, Constantin A. Rebeiz and June Lascelles, “Biosynthesis of Pigments in Plants and Bacteria”, in Govindjee, editor, Energy Conversion by Plants and Bacteria^(https://www.life.illinois.edu/govindjee/Electronic%20Publications/Books/Photosynthesis%20(1982).pdf), volume 1, Academic Press, →ISBN, page 750:

Peroxidizing compounds inhibit the protoporphyrinogen oxidase in the bio-synthetic pathway (protox, EC 1.3.3.4) which oxidizes protoporphyrinogen (protogen; Matringe and Scalla 1988; Matringe et al. 1989). The protogen precursors uro- and coproporphyrinogen are not oxidized (Duke et al. 1994).

2012, Ko Wakabayashi, Peter Böger, “General Physiological Characteristics and Mode of Action of Peroxidizing Herbicides”, in Ko Wakabayashi, Peter Böger, editor, Peroxidizing Herbicides, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, →ISBN, page 174:

(biochemistry) Clipping of protoporphyrinogen.


seat out

en-verb

seat out (third-person singular simple present seats out, present participle seating out, simple past and past participle seated out)

seats out (present singular third-person)
seating out (participle present)
seated out (participle past)
seated out (past)

(equestrianism, veterinary medicine) To modify a horseshoe to relieve pressure from the sole.


root disease

en-noun

root disease (countable and uncountable, plural root diseases)

(phytopathology) Any of several plant diseases affecting the root system.


self-sustenance

We are all for utility; and it would be ‘well that it should be so, if, like the boar of the forest, which delves up the flower to get at the root, we had no instincts beyond those of self-sustenance. But, as we have the immortal power of imagination, we are bound to provide nutriment for that celestial part of us, not less than for that which we hold in common with the brutes.

1830, Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine 1830-02: Volume 27, Issue 162, Blackwood Pillans and Wilson, page 262:

This and other institutions have considered these questions anxiously and ceaselessly. They have endeavored to shape their plans of education and training for the future good, and, as far as possible, to secure the self-sustenance of their pupils.

1832, Perkins School for the Blind, Annual Report, Charles B. Slack, page 15:

The propensities have all reference to self-sustenance, self-gratification, or self-aggrandizement, and do not give rise to a single feeling of disinterested love or regard for the happiness of other beings. Even the domestic affections, wThen acting independently of the moral sentiments, prompt us to seek only a selfish gratification, without regard to the welfare of the beings who afford it.

1842, George Combe, Moral Philosophy, W. H. Colyer, page 168:

The enormous expense of supporting fourteen hundred persons — about one-five-hundredth part of the whole population of this commonwealth — in a state of idiocy : and 2d, the motives of humanity, to give, if possible, to these wretched creatures some idea of responsible life, some means and power of self-sustenance, and some self-respect.

1849, The American Journal of the Medical Sciences, Charles B. Slack, page 440:

When Sir Peregrine asked her whether he should seat her on the sofa, she slowly picked herself up, and, with her head still crouching toward the ground, placed herself where she before had been sitting. He had been afraid that she would have fainted, but she was not one of those women whose nature easily admits of such relief as that. Though she was always pale in color and frail-looking, there was within her a great power of self-sustenance. She was a woman who with a good cause might have dared any thing.

1850, Henry Mills Alden, Harper's new monthly magazine, Harper & Brothers, page 640:

(physics, rare, fantasy, science fiction, biology) The independent sustenance of oneself, such as not requiring much oxygen to breathe or food to eat and liquids to drink like average species.


dummy foal

From dummy + foal, due to their tendency to wander aimlessly.

(veterinary medicine, informal) A foal suffering from neonatal maladjustment syndrome.


dummy foal syndrome

From dummy foal + syndrome, due to its sufferers being dubbed dummy foals.

(veterinary medicine, informal) Neonatal maladjustment syndrome.


lycaena

A learned borrowing from translingual Lycaena, from Ancient Greek λῠ́καινᾰ f (lŭ́kaină, “she-wolf”).

der

(lepidoptery, especially taxonomy) Any butterfly of the genus Lycaena.


out of heat

(biology) In dioestrus; unreceptive to mating.


elastic fiber

elastic fibers (plural)
elastic fibre (alternative)

(biology) Any of the extracellular yellowish fibers, composed primarily of elastin, which provide elasticity to structures such as the lungs, the skin, and blood vessels.


cladial

Berry (1964) provided a comprehensive description of the species and Maletz (1994) confirmed Berry's conclusions concerning the proximal development and cladial branching of Pterograptus from isolated material.

2005, Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences - Volume 42, Issues 5-8, page 800:

Several stages in the development of a cladium, showing the secondary nema as the leading rod of the cladial stipe (based on Bulman 1970a, Fig. 65).

2017, Jörg Maletz, Graptolite Paleobiology, page 36:

(paleontology) Pertaining to the cladium.


-podium

From Ancient Greek πούς (poús, “foot”) + -ium (“biological structure”).

af

(biology) Relating to or being a leg-like structure.


seawatching

From sea + watching, after birdwatching.

(birdwatching) A type of birdwatching where participants observe seabirds from a fixed point on the mainland.


privileged sanctuary

en-noun

privileged sanctuary (plural privileged sanctuaries)

They have a privileged sanctuary. I can remember in the early days in western Nebraska we used to go out in roundups and round up jackrabbits and run them into a corral and kill them with clubs, hundreds and thousands of them, because there were so many of them. Then a bug came along and most of them died off. The last few years, because of the privileged sanctuary, which is the focal point, they are coming back, actually thousands of jackrabbits.

1956, United States. Congress. House. Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, Withdrawal and Utilization of the Public Lands of the United States, page 138:

(ecology) A refuge where certain species are granted a protected status and cannot be killed.


alsinaceous

en-adj

alsinaceous (comparative more alsinaceous, superlative most alsinaceous)

more alsinaceous (comparative)
most alsinaceous (superlative)

From Alsinaceae, from Alsine + -aceae, from Latin alsine (“chickweed”), + -ous.

According to the manner in which the petals of a polypetalous corolla are arranged, they have received different names, which are thus defined by Link: […] the alsinaceous has short distant ones; […]

1832, John Lindley, “Of the Compound Organs in Flowering Plants” (chapter II), in An Introduction to Botany, London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green, & Longman, page 119:

(botany, historical) Of or pertaining to the Alsinaceae (Caryophyllaceae) family, especially chickweed.

(botany) Of a petal: having a short but distinct claw.


European sting winkle

en-noun

European sting winkle (plural European sting winkles)

(zoology) Common name of Ocenebra erinaceus, a species of predatory sea snail in the family of Muricidae.


bryobia

Descriptions of these two new Bryobias are here given:

1921, H. E. Ewing, “New Nearctic Spider Mites of the Family Tetranychidae.”, in Proceedings of the United States National Museum, volume 59, archived from the original on 2024-06-04, page 662:

All other known Bryobias hibernate in the egg stage.

1953, G. S. Roosje and J. B. M. van Dinther, “The genus Bryobia and the species Bryobia praetiosa Koch”, in Natuurtijdschriften, archived from the original on 2024-04-13, page 333:

Bryobias infest the leaves and unripe fruits.

2002, “Date Palm”, in Organic Farming in the Tropics and Subtropics, 1st edition, Naturland e.V., archived from the original on 2023-08-12, II Special section: Organic Date Palm Cultivation, page 9:

(arachnology, taxonomy) A spider mite of the genus Bryobia.


schistocerca

Borrowed from translingual Schistocerca.

All the other schistocercas, except for the desert locust, schistocerca gregaria, (responsible for biblical and modern day plagues in Africa) are found in the New World.

2006 October 12, vanessa cardui, “What better day than Columbus Day?”, in Am I Bugging You Yet?: Bug sightings in and around Tustin, California., archived from the original on 2023-11-23:

Schistocercas shouldn't be such fussy eaters. We give them dried oats and green cabbage but they should also be able to survive on grass, carrots, anything really.

2013 May 24, mister_moustachio, “We got our grasshoppers in today. I love how they go towards the light”, in r/Entomology, Reddit:

(entomology, taxonomy, rare) Any large grasshopper of the genus Schistocerca.


prostatic acid phosphatase

prostatic acid phosphatase (usually uncountable, plural prostatic acid phosphatases)

(biochemistry, oncology) An enzyme produced by the prostate, which may be found in increased amounts in men who have prostate cancer or other diseases.


tristyly

(botany) The condition of being tristylous


DDTase

(biochemistry) An enzyme that can extract hydrogen chloride from DDT.


dehydrohalogenase

(biochemistry) An enzyme that can remove hydrogen halogenide from a molecule, usually meaning DDTase.


polyplocodont

(zoology) Having a highly folded inner boundary to the dentine of a tooth.


pseudaelurine

(paleontology) Any member of the Pseudaelurus genus of fossil cats.


pithecophobia

(biology) A distate for apes and monkeys, extending to discomfort with the notion that humans evolved from apes.


pithecism

(biology) A pithecoid aspect or characteristic present in a human.


glyptograpsid

(zoology) Any crab in the family Glyptograpsidae.


scutigerellid

(zoology) Any pseudocentipede in the family Scutigerellidae.


scolopendrellid

(zoology) Any in the family Scolopendrellidae of pseudocentipedes.


zygometrid

(zoology) Any echinoderm in the family Zygometridae.


questid

(zoology) Any annelid in the family Questidae.


lungless salamander

lungless salamander (plural lungless salamanders)

(herpetology) Any of numerous salamanders in the family Plethodontidae, who do not have lungs, and instead respirate through their skin and the lining of their mouths.


terebratellid

(zoology) Any brachiopod in the family Terebratellidae.


plagioeciid

(zoology) Any bryozoan in the family Plagioeciidae.


spadellid

(zoology) Any chaetognath in the family Spadellidae.


small animal

(veterinary medicine) A cat or dog, as opposed to large or exotic pets.


aphreatophyte

(biology) Any plant that does not require any ground water.

afreatofyt

plant that does not require ground water


arhynchobatid

(zoology) Any fish in the family Arhynchobatid.


tripedaliid

(zoology) Any box jellyfish in the family Tripedaliidae.


coeloplanid

(zoology) Any comb jelly in the family Coeloplanidae.


asteronychid

(zoology) Any brittle star in the family Coeloplanidae.


barentsiid

(zoology) Any entoproct in the family Barentsiidae.


dasydytid

(zoology) Any gastrotrich in the family Coeloplanidae.


austrognathiid

(zoology) Any gnathostomulid in the family Austrognathiidae.


torquaratorid

(zoology) Any hemichordate in the family Torquaratoridae.


centroderid

(zoology) Any kinorhynch in the family Centroderidae.


bellyache weed

(botany, rare) A plant of the family Cucurbitaceae.


prasinodermophyte

(biology) Any of the organisms, of the phylum Prasinodermophyta.


trimerophyte

(biology) Any of the extinct vascular plants of the class Trimerophytopsida.


setaphyte

(biology) Any of the plants of the clade Setaphyta.


pilciloricid

(zoology) Any loriciferan in the family Pilciloricidae.


chaetodermatid

(zoology) Any mollusc in the family Chaetodermatidae.


plectid

(zoology) Any nematode in the family Plectidae.


chordodid

(zoology) Any nematomorph in the family Chordodidae.


coliiform

(ornithology) Any member of the Coliiformes order of birds.


eukaryogenetic

(biology) Of or pertaining to eukaryogenesis, originated by eukaryogensis.


tubulanid

(zoology) Any nemertean in the family Tubulanidae.


dilepidid

(zoology) Any flatworm in the family Dilepididae.


acarnid

(zoology) Any sponge in the family Acarnidae.


flosculariid

(zoology) Any rotifer in the family Flosculariidae.


halechiniscid

(zoology) Any tardigrade in the family Halechiniscidae.


hofsteniid

(zoology) Any acoel in the family Hofsteniidae.


rasborin

(ichthyology) Any member of the Rasbora genus of fishes, or similar (Trigonostigma and Boraras).


bariliin

(ichthyology) Any member of an informal group of fishes including Barilius, Aspidoparia, Macrochirichthys, Oxygaster, Parachela, Raiamas, Salmostoma, Securicula.


esomin

(ichthyology) Any member of the Esominae subfamily of fishes.


demodecid

(zoology) Any member of the Demodecidae family of mites.


michelinocerid

Derived from Michelinocerida, which derives from the genus Michelinoceras, named by Foeste in 1932.

(paleontology) Any member of the Michelinocerida (also known as Orthocerida) order of cephalopods.


querciform

Either formed in English from Latin quercus (“oak”) + -iform, parallel to taxonomic Latin querciformis, or formed in (taxonomic) Latin and borrowed into English.

AGLAOMORPHIA, [...] Sori non-indusiate, rotundate, [...] Fronds coriaceous, dimorphous, the sterile sessile querciform, brown rigid; [...]

1857, Thomas Moore, Index Filicum: A Synopsis, with Characters, of the Genera, and an Enumeration of the Species of Ferns : with Synonymes, References:

DYNARIA. A genus of polypodiaceous ferns, generally distinguishable by the productino of two separate kinds of fronds: the one pinnate or pinnatifid in the usual way, [...] the other [...] lobed at the edge so as to resemble the leaf of an oak, whence they are called querciform. [...] its dwarfed querciform sterile fronds. [...] the fronds of this species being sessile and querciform at the base, [...]

1866, John Lindley, Thomas Moore, The Treasury of Botany: A Popular Dictionary of the Vegetable Kingdom ; with which is Incorporated a Glossary of Botanical Terms, page 431:

Dr . M. DEBEY has recently published a fine memoir on some querciform leaves found in the sand rocks of Aix-la-Chapelle, Rhenish Prussia.

1883, Report of the United States Geological Survey of the Territories, page 9:

Querciform leaves deeply dentate, lower surface and stems with scattered large 1 cm. spines.

(botany, now uncommon, especially of a frond) Resembling an oak: in particular, resembling the (lobed) leaf of an oak.


serodeconversion

serodeconversion (countable and uncountable, plural serodeconversions)

(biology, medicine) The reversion to seronegativity after seropositivity: the undoing of previous seroconversion (the process of this change or an instance of it), as a result either of recovery from illness or of loss of vaccination's effects.


MME

mass mortality event
mass mortality event#English

(biology) Initialism of mass mortality event.


TTN

(genetics) The gene that encodes for the protein titin.


endosiphuncle

(paleontology) An inner tube in a siphuncle.


karooid

(ecology) A southern African biotype from the Karoo.


proarticulate

(paleontology) Any member of the Proarticulata phylum of extinct animals.


juvenomimetic

16 plants were collected locally, of which 12 showed presence of juvenomimetic activity in the extract by the method employed for the study, whereas the remaining 4 did not give any positive indication of this activity in their extracts.

1975 October 15, V. K. K. Prabhu, M. John, “Juvenomimetic activity in some plants”, in Experientia, volume 31, →DOI, page 913:

(biology) Preventing metamorphosis in insects by imitating the effects of juvenile hormones.


transpalaearctic

trans- + palaearctic Used by P Sushkin in 1925

(zoology) Covering the palaearctic from Atlantic to Pacific Oceans.


-grade

From Latin gradus (“step, degree”) and gradior (“walk”).

(zoology) Describes a specified way of walking or locomotion, especially according to the limbs or organs utilized.


pulvisculus

(mycology) The powder contained in the spore-cases of certain fungi.


barley scald

(botany, agriculture) A disease of barley caused by the fungus Rhynchosporium secalis.


barley smut

(botany, agriculture) A disease of barley caused by the fungus Ustilago nuda.

(botany, agriculture) A disease of barley caused by the fungus Ustilago hordei.


vetulicolian

(zoology) Any of the extinct marine animals of the phylum Vetulicolia.


vetulicolian

(zoology) Pertaining to the Vetulicolia.


gnathosomatic

(zoology) Of or pertaining to gnathosoma.


neostigmata

(zoology) Secondary tracheal openings in mites.


semi-palindrome

From the prefix "semi-" meaning "half" and "palindrome," indicating a partial or variant form of a palindrome.

(genetics) A sequence of DNA that can be superimposed with its reverse complement.


arenastatin

(organic chemistry, lichenology) One of a family of peptolides produced by cyanobacteria in lichens with IUPAC name (3S,10R,13Z,16S)-10-[(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-3-(2-methylpropyl)-16-[(1S)-1-[(2R,3R)-3-phenyloxiran-2-yl]ethyl]-1,4-dioxa-8,11-diazacyclohexadec-13-ene-2,5,9,12-tetrone.


oligohumic

(zoology) Feeding on soil 20-40 cm deep.


isidiiferous

en-adj

isidiiferous (comparative more isidiiferous, superlative most isidiiferous)

more isidiiferous (comparative)
most isidiiferous (superlative)
isidioferous (alternative)

Apothecia sessile or slightly elevated, mostly in the centre; disc at first concave, afterwards nearly plane, dark chestnut-coloured, surrounded by a naked or isidiiferous, indexed, thallodal margin; asci elongato-subventricose, 8 spored; spores elliptical, unilocular, hyaline; .002 in. long, by .00125 in. broad.

1861, William Mudd, A Manual of British Lichens, […], Darlington, Durham: Harrison Penney, page 99:

(lichenology) Bearing an isidium or isidia (a vegetative reproductive structure present in some lichens).


thallodal

thallodal (comparative more thallodal, superlative most thallodal)

more thallodal (comparative)
most thallodal (superlative)

(botany) Resembling or having the character of a thallus.


thallodic

thallodic (comparative more thallodic, superlative most thallodic)

more thallodic (comparative)
most thallodic (superlative)

The 'thallodic' margin of the apothecia which is characteristic of many genera and contains Algae (see Figs. 86, 87, 89) belongs, as the name rightly expresses, to the thallus and not to the apothecium.

1887, [Heinrich] A[nton] de Bary, chapter VII. Phenomena of Vegetation, in Henry E. F. Garnsey, transl., edited by Isaac Bayley Balfour, Comparative Morphology and Biology of the Fungi, Mycetozoa and Bacteria, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Clarendon Press, page 401:


multispined

Posterior tibiæ multispined; spines alternately long and short.

1872, F.V. Hayden, Preliminary Report of the United States Geological Survey of Μontana and Portions of Adjacent Territories Being a Fifth Annual Report of Progress, Washington: Government Printing Office, page 437:

It is channeled through multispined copper fins which warm the air and release it into the air ducts of the house.

1946 December, “Trunk-Size Oil-Burning Furnace Heats Five-Room House”, in Popular Mechanics, volume 86, number 6, →ISSN, page 170:

Male red-sided garter snakes have a multispined hemipenis with a sizeable basal spine that is inserted into the female during the reproductive bout.

2024 May 15, Kevin Lee Teather, The Evolution of Sex: Strategies of Males and Females, Oxford University Press, page 131:

(anatomy, zootomy) Of or pertaining to a structure having multiple spines.