callitrichid

(zoology) Any New World monkey of the family Callitrichidae.


chromogranin

(biochemistry) Any of a family of secretory proteins found in many types of cell.


fusokine

(biochemistry) Any of a group of interleukins that stimulate the immune system


plasmablast

(biology) A stem cell that develops into a plasma cell


heterostyly

(botany) The condition of having unequal styles


incubous

If the apical cell is slightly postically displaced, an incubous orientation of the leaf rudiments ensues […]

1966 October, Rudolf M[athias] Schuster, “Morphology of the Vegetative Organs”, in The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America: East of the Hundredth Meridian, volume I, New York, N.Y.; London: Columbia University Press, →OCLC, page 482:

(botany) Describing an arrangement of leaves such that distal (anterior) parts of older leaves overlap the proximal (posterior) parts of younger ones.


orthogamous

en-adj

orthogamous (comparative more orthogamous, superlative most orthogamous)

more orthogamous (comparative)
most orthogamous (superlative)


orthogamy

(botany) fertilization of the ovules of a plant by pollen from the same plant


holophytic

(biology) That can obtain nutrition without the ingestion of food


lodicule

lodicules (plural)
lodicula (alternative)

(botany) A small scale at the base of the ovary of a flower of a grass


mutagenize

en-verb

mutagenize (third-person singular simple present mutagenizes, present participle mutagenizing, simple past and past participle mutagenized)

mutagenizes (present singular third-person)
mutagenizing (participle present)
mutagenized (participle past)
mutagenized (past)


aminolevulinic acid

en-noun

aminolevulinic acid (plural aminolevulinic acids)

(biochemistry) Any amino derivative of levulinic acid, but especially 5-aminolevulinic acid which is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of porphyrin


micropoop

(informal, biology) excretion of waste by microorganisms


biodiagnostic

(biochemistry, medicine) biochemically diagnostic


cytofluorogram

(biology) A two-dimensional scatterplot of the spatial and intensity data from fluorescence microscopy of a biological material that shows molecular colocalisation and interaction


deparaffinized

(cytology) Describing a biological sample from which the paraffin wax used to preserve it has been removed


dyshesion

(pathology, cytology) A loss of ordered cohesion between cells.


endometrioid

en-adj

endometrioid (comparative more endometrioid, superlative most endometrioid)

more endometrioid (comparative)
most endometrioid (superlative)

(cytology) Resembling endometrial tissue


immunopeptidomics

(biochemistry, immunology) The branch of molecular biology that studies the set of immunopeptides of an organism


immunopeptide

(immunology, biochemistry) Any peptide involved in the biochemistry of the immune system


nomen ambiguum

(taxonomy) A name which has lost the ability to clearly identify a species because it has regularly been used by different authors to identify different species.


agamospermy

(botany) The asexual production of embryos and seeds.


fenestrate

fenestrate (comparative more fenestrate, superlative most fenestrate)

more fenestrate (comparative)
most fenestrate (superlative)

From Latin fenestrō, from fenestra (“window”).

(zoology, botany) Having transparent spots, like the wings of certain butterflies.


fenestrate

(paleontology) Any extinct bryozoan in the order Fenestrida (also known as Fenestrata).


gemmule

Borrowed from French gemmule, from Latin gemmula (“small bud; small gem”), from gemma (“bud of a plant; gem, jewel; thing made of precious stones”) (further etymology uncertain; possibly from Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁- (“to beget, give birth; to produce”), but see further at that entry) + -ula (feminine form of -ulus (diminutive suffix)).

der

A very similar mode of growth and propagation is found among the compound Polypes, whose gemmules, like those of the Medusæ, are at first free, and moved by cilia; afterwards attached, and budding forth with a plant-like body.

1849, W[illiam] H[enry] Harvey, “The Microscopic Wonders of the Sea”, in The Sea-side Book; being an Introduction to the Natural History of the British Coasts, London: John Van Voorst, […], →OCLC, page 198:

Accidental hematozoa may be found, […] in the vessels of man and other animals; these are foreign to the blood, and do not circulate with it. The hydatid, acephalocystis endogena, detaches its gemmules from its inner surface; one thus inclosing the other in a series, like pill-boxes. It is found in the liver, kidney, womb, etc.

1855, Samuel Henry Dickson, “Exciting Causes of Disease. [Parasites—Animal and Vegetable.]”, in Elements of Medicine: A Compendious View of Pathology and Therapeutics; or The History and Treatment of Diseases, Philadelphia, Pa.: Blanchard and Lea, →OCLC, section II (Etiology), page 108:

They [spores and tetraspores] may rather be considered, the one a true spore, supposed to be fertilized by means of an antheridium; the other, a mere gemmule, or bud of the simplest possible structure, which is cast off by the parent plant, and carries with it sufficient vitality to become the nucleus of a fresh individual.

1867, Samuel Octavus Gray, “The Position of Sea-weeds in the Vegetable Kingdom; Their Structure, etc.”, in British Sea-weeds: An Introduction of the Study of the Marine Algæ of Great Britain, Ireland, and the Channel Islands, London: L[ovell] Reeve & Co., […], →OCLC, page 12:

The gemmules of the Marchantia [a genus of liverworts] are little disc-shaped masses of cells composed of two or more layers.

1867, Herbert Spencer, “Differentiations among the Outer Tissues of Plants”, in The Principles of Biology (A System of Synthetic Philosophy; III), volume II, London, Edinburgh: Williams and Norgate, […], →OCLC, § 272, page 235:

The ova [of the brown hydra, Hydra oligactis, formerly Hydra fusca] covered with a horny substance possess a great power of resistance to the cold, thus preserving their vitality until the return of conditions favorable for their existence, when development begins to take place. This proceeds up to a certain point, the covering of the ovum bursting, liberates the embryo, which becomes ciliated, and for some time swims freely in the water; in this condition it is known as a "gemmule."

1867 April, J. Josselyn Ranson, “General Meeting. [Hydræ, or Freshwater Polypes.]”, in W[illia]m Lant Carpenter, editor, Proceedings of the Bristol Naturalists’ Society, (Established 1862,) for the Year 1867, volume II, number 4, Bristol: […] [F]or the [Bristol Naturalists’] Society by G. Morris, […], →OCLC, page 40:

(archaic) Synonym of gemma (“an asexual reproductive structure, as found in animals such as hydra (genus Hydra) and plants such as liverworts (division Marchantiophyta), consisting of a cluster of cells from which a new individual can develop”)

gemma

Sponges are propagated by gemmules, which originate in the organic mucus, and are carried out of the body by the effluent currents just described. In some sponges these gemmules are ciliated and locomotive when mature; but it seems probable that the majority of the species produce only unciliated gelatinous grains, which are nevertheless endowed with a very active motility, like the ultimate particles of even inorganic matter.

1860, G. J., J. Y. J., “ZOOPHYTES”, in The Encyclopædia Britannica, or Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and General Literature. […], 8th edition, volume XXI, Edinburgh: Adam and Charles Black, →OCLC, part VI (Sponges), page 1008, column 2:

The increase in size of the gemmule takes place by means of cell growth and division, and by the fusion of neighboring small gemmules.

1891 July–December, Henry V[an Peters] Wilson, “Notes on the Development of Some Sponges”, in Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society, volume VIII, part 2, Raleigh, N.C.: E. M. Ezzell, […], published 1892, →OCLC, page 97:

The green fresh-water sponge dies away in autumn, all but little pinhead clusters of cells called gemmules, which eventually float away from the dead skeleton and start new sponges in the spring.

1931, J[ohn] Arthur Thomson, Patrick Geddes, “Ecological”, in Life: Outlines of General Biology, volume 1, London: Williams & Norgate, →OCLC, page 54:

All fresh-water and some marine sponges reproduce asexually by means of gemmules; these embryos are formed simply by assembly of a few amoebocyte cells. Reproduction is also accomplished sexually by the union of sperm and egg cells.

1964 March, John F. Storr, “Introduction”, in Ecology of the Gulf of Mexico Commercial Sponges and Its Relation to the Fishery […] (United States Fish and Wildlife Service Special Scientific Report—Fisheries; no. 466), Washington, D.C.: Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Fish and Wildlife Service, United States Department of the Interior, →OCLC, page 2:

The actual formation of gemmules by fresh-water sponges is so clearly an adaptation to seasonal climatic changes, that at first it was reasonable to believe that seasonal alternation itself induced the gemmulation. However, conflicting reports on the relationship of gemmule production to seasonal temperature changes required that an alternative hypothesis be developed.

1978, Patricia R[ose] Bergquist, “Reproduction and Development”, in Sponges, Berkeley, Los Angeles, Calif.: University of California Press, →ISBN, pages 125–126:

Asexual reproduction in the sponge begins with the formation of small particles, known as gemmules, within the parent sponge tissue. […] Gemmule formation has been studied in a number of species, especially in E. fluviatilis[…], as gemmule formation can be induced in vitro[…]. Specific stages in the process of gemmule formation have been proposed based on the time-lapse microscopic study of Rasmont and De Vos (1974).

2008, Noriko Funayama, “Stem Cell System of Sponge”, in Thomas C. G. Bosch, editor, Stem Cells: From Hydra to Man, Dordrecht: Springer, →ISBN, page 23:

(specifically, zoology) A small gemma or bud of dormant embryonic cells produced by some freshwater sponges (phylum Porifera) that develops into a new sponge.

芽球

small gemma or bud of dormant embryonic cells produced by some freshwater sponges that develops into a new sponge

[…] I assume that cells, before their conversion into completely passive or "formed material," throw off minute granules or atoms, which circulate freely throughout the system, and when supplied with proper nutriment multiply by self-division, subsequently becoming developed into cells like those from which they were derived. These granules for the sake of distinctness may be called cell-gemmules, or, as the cellular theory is not fully established, simply gemmules. […] Their development is supposed to depend on their union with other partially developed cells or gemmules which precede them in the regular course of growth. […] Lastly, I assume that the gemmules in their dormant state have a mutual affinity for each other, leading to their aggregation either into buds or into the sexual elements.

1868, Charles Darwin, “Provisional Hypothesis of Pangenesis”, in The Variation of Animals and Plants Under Domestication. […], volume II, London: John Murray, […], →OCLC, part II, page 374:

Curse you, you wandering gemmule, / And nail you fast in Hell! / You gave me gout and bandy legs, / You beast, you wanted a cell! / Gout, and gravel, and evil days— / (Theology speaks, shaking her head) / But there is One who knows your ways!

1868, Alfred, Lord Tennyson, “Darwin’s Gemmule”; quoted in Christopher Ricks, “Tennyson Inheriting the Earth”, in Hallam Tennyson, editor, Studies in Tennyson, Totowa, N.J.: Barnes & Noble Books, 1981, →ISBN, part II (Alfred Tennyson), page 95:

This theory [of pangenesis] appears to be as follows: That each living organism is ultimately made up of an almost infinite number of minute particles termed "gemmules," each of which has power to reproduce its kind. […] That such a complete collection of gemmules is aggregated in each ovum and spermatozoon in most animals, and in each part capable of reproducing by gemmation (budding) in the lowest animals and in plants. Therefore in many of such lower organisms such a congeries of ancestral gemmules must exist in every part of the body, since in them every part is capable of reproducing by gemmation.

1869 September, “Difficulties of the Theory of Natural Selection. III.”, in The Month: A Magazine and Review, volume XI, London: Simpkin, Marshall, and Company, and Burns, Oates, and Company, →OCLC, page 278:

According to this hypothesis [pangenesis], every unit or cell of the body throws off gemmules or undeveloped atoms, which are transmitted to the offspring of both sexes, and are multiplied by self-division. They may remain undeveloped during the early years of life or during successive generations; their development into units or cells, like those from which they were derived, depending on their affinity for, and union with, other units or cells previously developed in the due order of growth.

1871, Charles Darwin, “Principles of Sexual Selection”, in The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex. […], volume I, London: John Murray, […], →OCLC, Part II (Sexual Selection), page 280:

Metamorphosis, in this respect, may truly be described as a process of the readjustment and rearrangement of the atoms and gemmules of the insect's frame. The variations of living beings may, in their turn, be explained by assuming an irregularity to exist in the arrangement of the gemmules which unite to form the germ of the varying form. Modified cells will give out modified gemmules, and these last will produce variations in the new being.

1878 April, Andrew Wilson, “The Law of Likeness, and Its Working”, in The Popular Science Monthly. Supplement, number XII, New York, N.Y.: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, […], →OCLC, page 560, column 1:

[M]icroscopic research has so far failed to discover any trace of Darwin's Gemmules in the blood or anywhere else. Furthermore, sheep have been docked in early life for scores of generations, yet every lamb is born with a tail. Since both parents and all of their ancestors have been docked, whence come the gemmules to produce the tail in the lamb?

1917 August 3, Horace G. Regnart, “The Germ Plasm”, in Live Stock Journal, volume LXXXVI, number 2261, London: Vinton & Co., →OCLC, page 70, column 1:

In retrospect, there were three main defects of Darwin's "pangenesis" theory of inheritance: (1) the presumption that there was a gemmule corresponding to every trait and specific to one and only one trait; (2) the idea that copies of all gemmules are transmitted to the next generation; and (3) the idea that somatic changes occurring during the lifetime of an individual could locally alter gemmules proceeding from the affected organ and then be passed to subsequent generations via gemmule replicates contained in the gametes.

2003, Mary Jane West-Eberhard, “Darwin’s Theory of Development and Evolution”, in Developmental Plasticity and Evolution, Oxford, Oxfordshire, New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 190, column 2:

(historical) In the obsolete theory of pangenesis propounded by the English scientist Charles Darwin (1809–1882): a hypothetical particle once thought to be the basis of heredity.

To what do this cavity which contains the gemmule, this thin layer which covers it, correspond? We have stated that the cotyledon is nothing else than the first leaf of the little vegetable, and the gemmule the union of the leaves which will follow it.

1849, Adrien[-Henri] de Jussieu, “Ovule and Seed”, in James Hewetson Wilson, transl., The Elements of Botany, London: John Van Voorst, […], →OCLC, § 579 (Monocotyledonous Embryo), page 442:

The embryo is composed of cells and spiral vessels; a small stem, or stalklet; a rudimentary descending portion, which becomes the root or radicle; and a rudimentary ascending axis, surrounded by a bud, or gemmule. Between the radicle and the gemmule, the first leaves developed are termed cotyledons: a plant having leaves like seed-lobes.

1867, Louis Figuier, “The Fruit”, in [anonymous], transl., The Vegetable World; being a History of Plants, with Their Botanical Descriptions and Peculiar Properties. […], London: Chapman and Hall, […], →OCLC, part I, page 169:

The incipient apical meristem (gemmule) is located between the two cotyledons of the mature embryo and consists of a pocket of approximately 200 meristematic cells[…].

1992, Michael G. Mullins, Alain Bouquet, Larry E. Williams, “The Structure of the Grapevine: Vegetative and Reproductive Anatomy”, in Biology of the Grapevine (Biology of Horticultural Crops), Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, New York, N.Y.: Cambridge University Press, published 2003, →ISBN, page 38:

(botany) Synonym of plumule (“the first bud, or growing point, of a plant embryo, situated above the cotyledons”)


gemmulation

en-noun

gemmulation (countable and uncountable, plural gemmulations)

The actual formation of gemmule's by fresh-water sponges is so clearly an adaptation to seasonal climatic changes, that at first it was reasonable to believe that seasonal alternation itself induced the gemmulation.

(biology) The production of gemmules; reproduction via gemmules


lophodont

(zoology) Having molar teeth that have ridged grinding surfaces.


lophophorate

From lophophore + -ate (adjective-forming suffix).


lophophorate

From a substantivation of the above adjective through the associated clade's name. Equivalent to lophophore + -ate (noun-forming suffix).

The presence of a lophophore, combined with other features including a U-shaped gut, means that hyoliths are also lophophorates, and not molluscs.

2017 January 18, Susannah Lydon, The Guardian:

(zoology) A member of the Lophophorata, a clade of invertebrate animals.


valvate

en-adj

valvate (comparative more valvate, superlative most valvate)

more valvate (comparative)
most valvate (superlative)

From valve + -ate (adjective-forming suffix).

flowers with valvate petals

(botany) Meeting at the edges without overlapping.


interactomics

(biochemistry) The study of the interactions between proteins and other components of a cell


microRNAome

(biochemistry) The complete set of microRNAs in an organism


syntype

Noting two syntypes of hoplomystax with 1 instead of 2 midventral scales posterior to the origin of the pelvics, and the unusual color of S. abbotti, Dr. Bohlke kindly sent these fishes on loan.

1965 September, John E. Randall, “A Redescription of Sparisoma Atomarium (Poey), a Valid West Indian Parrotfish”, in Notulae Naturae, Academy of Natural Sciences, page 7:

1999, Raina L. Takumi, A Systematic Review of the Ectemnius (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae) of Hawaii, University of California Publications in Entomology, Volume 118, University of California Press, page 49,
Of the specimens examined, 38 (20♂, 18♀) were collected by Perkins prior to 1899 and are possible syntypes.

One ♂ syntype is in the Zoological Museum, Berlin [ZMB 17714] – see Moritz & Fischer (1981).

2000, Jane B. Walker, James E. Keirans, Ivan G. Horak, The Genus Rhipicephalus (Acari, Ixodidae): A Guide to the Brown Ticks of the World, Cambridge University Press, page 26:

(taxonomy) Any one of two or more specimens specified in the description of a species (or lower-order taxon), where no specimen has been designated as holotype.


morphomics

(biology) The identification of the totality of the morphological features of a species.


phosphoproteinomics

From phosphoprotein + -omics or phospho- + proteinomics.

(biochemistry) The identification of the totality of the phosphoproteins in an organism


proteinomics

(biochemistry) The identification of the totality of the proteins in an organism


morphostat

(biochemistry) Any biochemical compound responsible for the maintenance of normal tissue microarchitecture.


periostin

(biochemistry) A protein normally expressed during cardiac development but also re-expressed following injury to adult tissue.


obdiplostemonous

[...] the stamens, which are definite in number, normally obdiplostemonous (namely, the stamens are in two alternating whorls, those of the outer whorl opposite the petals – see Fig. 102) [...]

1978, Hsüan Keng, Ro-Siu Ling Keng, Orders and families of Malayan seed plants: synopsis of orders and families of Malayan gymnosperms, dicotyledons, and monocotyledons, NUS Press, page 173:

This arrangement led van Steenis (1932) to hypothesize an obdiplostemonous ancestor for the family.

1990, Klaus Kubitzki, Karl Ulrich Kramer, P. S. Green, Jens G. Rohwer, Volker Bittrich, The Families and genera of vascular plants, volume 6, Springer, page 435:

Diplostemonous and obdiplostemonous flowers may also occur in the same family (e.g. Rutaceae); Zygophyllaceae are obdiplostemonous, Liliaceae are diplostemonous.

1996, Peter K. Endress, Diversity and evolutionary biology of tropical flowers, Cambridge University Press, page 96:

In the genus Mitella the androecium can exceptionally be more variable, ranging from obdiplostemonous to (ob)haplostemonous arrangements.

2010, Louis P. Ronse De Craene, Floral Diagrams: An Aid to Understanding Flower Morphology and Evolution, Cambridge University Press, page 203:

(botany, of flowers) Having two sets of stamens in alternating whorls, with the outer whorl opposite the petals.


genotypification

(genetics) The typification of genotypes


mesorostral

(zoology) In the middle of the rostrum (beak)

(zoology) Having a medium-sized beak or bill


metacyclic

(biology) Describing the infective part of the life cycle of trypanosomes outside the body of a host


polycistron

(genetics) A group of mRNAs expressed from a single transcription unit


procyclin

(biochemistry) A protein developed in the surface coating of trypanosomes whilst in the fly vector.


proneuronal

(biology, genetics) That gives rise to neurons


urceolus

From Latin urceolus (“a little pitcher”).

(botany) Any urn-shaped organ of a plant.


sebocyte

(biology) Any of the cells that make up the sebaceous glands, and secrete sebum.


sialoglycoprotein

(biochemistry) Any glycoprotein that is combined with sialic acid


subcohort

(taxonomy) A taxonomic grouping below cohort.


survivin

(biochemistry) A protein that inhibits caspase activity


transportin

(biochemistry) Any of a family of proteins involved with the karyopherin receptor complex


tristetraprolin

(biochemistry) Any of a particular family of zinc finger proteins


zymodeme

(biology) A group of parasites with the same isoenzymes


cercopithecoid

In East Africa the first evidence of cercopithecoid diversity appeared in the Pliocene at sites such as Lothagam, East Turkana, and Laetoli where papionins were the dominant cercopithecoids.

2005, Meave G. Leakey, “3: Evolution of Theropithecus in the Turkana Basin”, in Nina G. Jablonski, editor, Theropithecus: The Rise and Fall of a Primate Genus, page 117:

Concerning systematics, while extinct monkeys from the early and middle Miocene of Africa are widely accepted as true cercopithecoids, there remains some discussion as to their precise phylogenetic position.

2006, Tom Gundling, Andrew Hill, “7: Geological context of fossil Cercopithecoidea from eastern Africa”, in Paul F. Whitehead, Clifford J. Jolly, editors, Old World Monkeys, page 181:

The latest major anthropoid radiation, and in some ways the most successful, was that of the Old World monkeys, the Cercopithecoidea. Cercopithecoids appear to have originated from early African catarrhines during the late Oligocene gap in the Old World fossil record.

2011, Matt Cartmill, Fred H. Smith, The Human Lineage, page 128:

(zoology) Any species of the superfamily Cercopithecoidea (the Old World monkeys).


monomethyltransferase

(biochemistry) Any methyltransferase that transfers a single methyl group


semiallogeneic

(genetics) Partially allogeneic, i.e. sharing some, but not all genes.


xenotropic

An article published online Thursday in the journal Science reports that 68 of 101 patients with the syndrome, or 67 percent, were infected with an infectious virus, xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus, or XMRV. By contrast, only 3.7 percent of 218 healthy people were infected.

2009 October 9, Denise Grady, “Virus Is Found in Many With Chronic Fatigue Syndrome”, in New York Times:

(biology) Describing a virus growing in tissue of an organism other than its normal host


sailyard

From Middle English saylyerde, sailyerd, seilȝerd, from Old English seġlġyrd, seġelġyrd (“sailyard”), from Proto-West Germanic *seglagaʀdī and *seglagaʀd (“sailyard, mast”, literally “sail-rod, sail-staff”), equivalent to sail + yard (“staff, rod, stick”). Cognate with German Segelgerte.

(entomology, obsolete) An antenna of an insect.


crispate

crispate (comparative more crispate, superlative most crispate)

more crispate (comparative)
most crispate (superlative)

(botany) Having curled, wavy or notched edges


hemiparasite

Most mistletoes are "hemiparasites." This means they don't rely on their hosts for all their needs: Instead, they harvest the sun's energy to make some sugars for themselves. Nonetheless, if you're a tree, you don't want to be festooned with them. Two or three shouldn't be a problem, but dozens of mistletoes can lead to water stress, insect infestation or even death.

2014 December 23, Olivia Judson, “The hemiparasite season [print version: Under the hemiparasite, International New York Times, 24–25 December 2014, p. 7]”, in The New York Times:

(botany) Any parasitic plant that obtains energy by photosynthesis as well as from its host


heptamerous

Formed in English as hepta- + -merous, as opposed to the apparent surface analysis of heptamer + -ous; compare the Ancient Greek ἑπτᾰμερής (heptămerḗs, “having seven parts”).

cog

(botany) Comprising seven parts or members, as with seven petals on a flower.


indumentum

(botany) A surface covering of any kind of trichomes, e.g. hairs, scales.


iridaceous

en-adj

iridaceous (comparative more iridaceous, superlative most iridaceous)

more iridaceous (comparative)
most iridaceous (superlative)

(botany) Of or pertaining to the irises (of family Iridaceae)


oospore

(biology) A fertilized female zygote, having thick chitinous walls, that develops from a fertilized oosphere in some algae and fungi


phanerogam

/ˈfænəɹəɡæm/

From Ancient Greek φανερός (phanerós, “visible”) + γαμέω (gaméō, “to marry”); compare cryptogam.

der

Among phanerogams (seed plants), only two orders of gymnosperms, the Cycadales and the Ginkgoales, have ciliated motile sperm cells; all others (higher gymnosperms and angiosperms) have nonmotile sperm cells or sperm nuclei.

1977, Francesco D'Amato, Nuclear Cytology in Relation to Development, page 8:

The stomach contents of the Selerikanka horse contained 116 taxa: 96 phanerogams, 20 cryptogams. Among the phanerogams were 12 tree species, 14 species of shrubs and dwarf-shrubs, as well as 72 species of herbs and very small dwarf-shrubs.

2003, Burkhard Frenzel, “History of Flora and Vegetation During the Quaternary”, in Karl Esser, Ulrich Lüttge, Wolfram Beyschlag, Jin Murata, editors, Progress in Botany, volume 65, page 591:

Generally speaking, the ranges of most cryptogams are geographically broader than those of phanerogams, and many more species are widely disjunct over the world.

2005, Mark Nuttall, Encyclopedia of the Arctic, unnumbered page:

(botany) Any plant that produces seeds (rather than spores).


phanerogamic

(botany) That reproduces via seeds (rather than spores)


somatomedin

(biochemistry) Any of a group of peptides which mediate the action of somatotropin on cartilage


pilocyte

(biology) Any cell with prominent external hair-like structures.


etiocholanolone

(biochemistry) A ketosteroid that is a metabolite of testosterone; it has some medical uses


multiglycoside

multiglycosides (plural)
multi-glycoside (alternative)

(biochemistry) Any glycoside containing multiple sugar entities


neurohumor

(biochemistry) Any material produced in a neuron that activates a neighbouring neuron, muscle or gland; a neurotransmitter


polyplex

(genetics) Any complex of a polymer and DNA, especially one designed to protect the DNA when being injected into a cell as part of gene therapy


petri

(informal, microbiology) Ellipsis of petri dish.


haptotaxis

(biology) The directional motility of cells, usually in a biochemical gradient


abembryonic

From ab- (“away, outside of”) + embryonic.

(anatomy, biology) Describing the area of a blastocyst opposite the embryo or embryoblast


alkyltransferase

(biochemistry) Any transferase that transfers alkyl groups.

alkyylitransferaasi

any transferase that transfers alkyl groups


apoptogenic

en-adj

apoptogenic (comparative more apoptogenic, superlative most apoptogenic)

more apoptogenic (comparative)
most apoptogenic (superlative)


cellubrevin

(biochemistry) Any of a group of proteins that regulate vesicle fusion


ceroid

ceroid (comparative more ceroid, superlative most ceroid)

more ceroid (comparative)
most ceroid (superlative)


ceroid

(botany) A plant resembling a cereus cactus.


conterminal

From Latin conterminus, from con- (“with”) + terminus (“border, end”) + -al.

The latter consists of closely attached conterminal joints.

1866, William Edward Shuckard, British Bees: An Introduction to the Study of the Natural History and Economy of the Bees Indigenous to the British Isles, page 28:


dysferlin

(biochemistry) A protein that is linked with skeletal muscle repair


effectory

(biology) Of or pertaining to an effector


heterophagy

(biology) The digestion, within a cell, of material ingested via phagocytosis or pinocytosis


hypoacetylation

en-noun

hypoacetylation (usually uncountable, plural hypoacetylations)

(biochemistry) Insufficient acetylation (of histones)


mesoangioblast

mesoangioblasts (plural)
mesangioblast (alternative)

(biology) A mesenchymal-like cell associated with the walls of the large vessels.


mezerein

(biochemistry) A protein kinase C-activating compound encoded by the gene IFIH1.


metalloendopeptidase

(biochemistry) An enzyme that functions as a metalloproteinase endopeptidase.


metalloexopeptidase

(biochemistry) An enzyme that functions as a metalloproteinase exopeptidase.


intracrine

(biochemistry, of a hormone) Acting inside a cell.


lactolysis

(biochemistry) the hydrolysis of lactose (typically by a galactosidase)


monophosphatase

(biochemistry) Any phosphatase that dephosphorylates a monophosphate


multipotential

multipotential (usually uncountable, plural multipotentials)

(biology) The differentiation potential of a multipotent cell.


myotubularin

myotubularin (countable and uncountable, plural myotubularins)

(biochemistry) A phosphatase that dephosphorylates phosphatidylinositols


retrotranscription

reverse transcription
reverse transcription#English

(genetics) Synonym of reverse transcription.


trophectoderm

In addition to Na+, K+-ATPase (see above), the Na+-independent GLUT2 glucose cotransporter is localized on trophectoderm basolateral membranes (Aghayan et al., 1992).

1998, Tom P. Fleming, Elizabeth Butler, Jane Collins, Bhav Sheth, Arthur E. Wild, “Cell Polarity and Mouse Early Development”, in James R. Bartles, E. Edward Bittar, editors, Cell Polarity, JAI Press, page 79:

The embryo is mostly derived from the descendants of the inner cell mass, whereas the external cells, the trophoblasts or trophectoderm, produce no embryonic structures (Gardner 1983; Hogan et al. 1994).

1998, T. J. Soos, M. Park, H. Kiyokawa, A. Koff, “Regulation of the cell cycle by CDK inhibitors”, in Michele Pagano, editor, Cell Cycle Control: Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation, Springer, page 125:

In some cases, the fusion of the trophectoderms of two early embryos by the interaction of their cells inside the same zona pellucida can explain the fact that the two embryos share certain extraembryonic tissues.

2011, Natalia López-Moratalla, Maria Cerezo, “7: The Self-construction of a Living Organism”, in George Terzis, Robert Arp, editors, Information and Living Systems: Philosophical and Scientific Perspectives, The MIT Press, page 199:

(biology) The ectoderm from which the trophoblast develops.


echinoid

(zoology) Any sea urchin or sea dollar of the class Echinoidea.


iguanid

(zoology) Any lizard of the family Iguanidae.


hydroxyguanosine

(biochemistry) A nucleoside that is an oxidative derivative of guanosine, used as a biomarker of oxidative stress.


epoxygenase

epoxygenase (countable and uncountable, plural epoxygenases)

hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid
hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid

epoxyeicosatrienoic acid
epoxyeicosatrienoic acid

(biochemistry) An enzyme that produces hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs) and epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) from arachidonic acid, causing effects such as cell proliferation and decrease in cyclooxygenase activity.


obelia

From Ancient Greek ὀβελία (obelía, “a round cake”).

uder

All the polyps and branches of obelias are supported and protected by a thin, transparent, horny covering which is made by the outer layer of cells. About each polyp the horny covering is in the shape of a goblet or cup.

1970, Marie M. Jenkins, Animals Without Parents, page 55:

Fragile but menacing, obelias are colonies ranging from one to eight inches in length which grow on seaweeds, rocks, and piles. The medusa, only one stage in the obelia’s life cycle, has anywhere from eight to 24 tentacles,[…].

1975, Jacques Cousteau, The Ocean World of Jacques Cousteau: The Act of Life, page 42:

[…]some [hydroids], like obelias, live in stalked colonies[…].

1999, Martin Walters, Jinny Johnson, The World of Animals, published 2011, page 31:

(zoology) Any of various colonial marine hydroids of the genus Obelia.


peripatus

(zoology) Any onychophoran of the genus Peripatus


primulaceous

(botany) Characteristic of the primrose and other plants of the family Primulaceae.


homoduplex

en-noun

homoduplex (plural homoduplexes or homoduplices)

homoduplexes (plural)
homoduplices (plural)

(genetics) A DNA duplex having precisely complementary bases in the two strands


isomerohydrolase

(biochemistry) An enzyme that hydrolyzes all-trans-retinyl esters into 11-cis-retinol.


transcarbamylase

(biochemistry) Any transferase that catalyzes the transfer of a carbamyl group


clusterin

(biochemistry) A heterodimeric glycoprotein associated with apoptosis.


homodiploid

(genetics) Describing a chromosome consisting of two identical strands


neocentromere

(genetics) A functioning centromere in a new location


orosomucoid

(biochemistry) An acidoglycoprotein found in blood plasma


protrudin

(biochemistry) A protein that induces neurite formation


pseudoagouti

(biology, genetics) Describing animals with some, but not all agouti genes or characteristics


quiescin

(biochemistry) Any of a family of proteins isolated from quiescent lung fibroblasts.


syngnathid

(zoology) Any member of the family Syngnathidae of seahorses, sea dragons, and pipefish, all with fused jaws.


subcongenic

(genetics) Describing a subset of a congenic sequence


domainless

(biochemistry) Without a protein domain.


myoendocrine

(cytology) Describing endocrine cells that contain contractile fibres.


thrombomodulin

thrombomodulin (usually uncountable, plural thrombomodulins)

(biochemistry) An antithrombotic membrane protein on the surface of endothelial cells.


transgelin

(biochemistry) A calponin found in smooth muscle cells.


commaless

Because no intervening bases exist between codons, the code is commaless.

2007, Mary Campbell, Biochemistry, page 332:

(genetics) Being a code of a kind that encodes a sequence of items without delimiting markers between them.


acetylglucosaminidase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of terminal 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-glucose residues in chitobiose and in glycoproteins


chitobiose

chitobiose (countable and uncountable, plural chitobioses)

(biochemistry) A disaccharide amino sugar composed of two glucosamine residues.


ascomycetous

(mycology) Of or relating to the ascomycetes.


carotenogenic

en-adj

carotenogenic (comparative more carotenogenic, superlative most carotenogenic)

more carotenogenic (comparative)
most carotenogenic (superlative)

(biochemistry) Of or pertaining to carotenogenesis


carotenogenesis

(biochemistry) The biosynthesis of carotenoids.


chitinolysis

(biochemistry) The enzymatic hydrolysis of chitin into chitobiose


copiotroph

(biology) Any organism that thrives in an environment rich in organic matter


dihydrolase

(biochemistry) Any hydrolase that catalyzes a reaction involving two hydrolyses


cSNP

(genetics) A coding SNP (polymorphic base pair).


equitant

From Latin equitans, equitantis, present participle of equitō (“I ride on horseback”), from eques (“horseman”), from equus (“horse”).


serotine

serotine (comparative more serotine, superlative most serotine)

more serotine (comparative)
most serotine (superlative)

Borrowed from Latin sērōtinus (“late (in ripening, etc.); relating to the evening”): see etymology 1.

bor

(biology) Developing at a later time or later in a season, especially than is customary with allied species; specifically (botany), of a plant: flowering late in a season.

myöhäinen

developing at a later time or later in a season, especially than is customary with allied species; of a plant: flowering late in a season


genomovar

(genetics) Any strain of an organism that is genetically different from another although it shows no phenotypical difference


glucosylase

(biochemistry) Any glycosylase that acts on a glucoside.


halophilism

(biology) The requirement of some microorganisms (halophiles) for a high salt content


metatranscriptome

From meta- + transcriptome or metatranscript + -ome.

(genetics, ecology) The transcriptome of a group of interacting organisms or species


microdiversity

en-noun

microdiversity (countable and uncountable, plural microdiversities)

(ecology) The diversity of phylogenetically closely related but physiologically distinct populations of bacteria


phylome

(genetics) The complete set of gene phylogenies of an individual or organism


phytocentric

en-adj

phytocentric (comparative more phytocentric, superlative most phytocentric)

more phytocentric (comparative)
most phytocentric (superlative)

(biology) Describing any system or classification based upon plants


proxygene

(genetics) A full-length protein that has high local similarity with a specific short length of nucleic acid


psychrotrophic

psychrotrophic (comparative more psychrotrophic, superlative most psychrotrophic)

more psychrotrophic (comparative)
most psychrotrophic (superlative)

/ˌsaɪkɹəˈtɹəʊfɪk/

From psychro- (“cold”) + -trophic (“growth”).

One of the main reasons fridge temperatures are recommend to be set at 5ºC is because of listeria. Listeria is a food poisoning bacterium that is psychrotrophic – in other words it likes cold temperatures. From the growth models, we know that listeria grows nearly twice as fast at 8°C as it does at 5°C, hence the recommended 5ºC, which helps keep us safe from listeria.

2018 January 15, Kaarin Goodburn, “How chilled is your fridge?”, in Food Standards Agency:

(biology) Describing microorganisms that thrive in a cold environment.

psykrotrofinen

biology: describing microorganisms that thrive in a cold environment


properdin

From pro- + perdere (“to destroy”); see perdition + -in.

(biochemistry) A protein in human serum that complements part of the immune system


cryofixation

en-noun

cryofixation (countable and uncountable, plural cryofixations)

(biology) The freezing of a specimen, typically by immersion in liquid nitrogen, in order to fix it


prodeath

en-adj

prodeath (comparative more prodeath, superlative most prodeath)

more prodeath (comparative)
most prodeath (superlative)
pro-death (alternative)

Damage or injury to mitochondria can have profound effects on ATP and ROS levels, as well as release of prodeath proteins such as cytochrome c...

2009, Jack Uetrecht, Adverse Drug Reactions:


jugulum

Borrowing from New Latin jugulum (“the collarbone; the hollow part of the neck above the collarbone; the throat”), diminutive of jugum (“a yoke, collar”).

bor

(zootomy, of a bird) The lower throat or the part of the neck just above the breast.

(entomology) The jugum of an insect's wing.


cladode

From New Latin cladodium, from Ancient Greek κλᾰ́δος (klắdos, “young slip of a tree”).

der

(botany) A flattened organ arising from the stem of a plant, often replacing the leaves in photosynthetic function, as leaves in such plants (for example asparagus, butchers broom) are typically reduced to scales.


usherin

(biochemistry) A protein encoded in humans by the gene USH2A, mutations in which are associated with Usher syndrome.


whirlin

central nervous system
central nervous system

(biochemistry) A protein encoded in humans by the gene DFNB31, possibly involved in the formation of scaffolding protein complexes that facilitate synaptic transmission in the central nervous system.


fibronection

en-noun

fibronection (usually uncountable, plural fibronections)

(biochemistry) The process of binding with fibronectin.


pseudoexon

(genetics) A sequence of nucleic acid bases that has the characteristics of an exon but takes no part in the splicing of genes.


plesiomorph

(taxonomy) An organism which represents a primitive state of evolution relative to another organism.


dominium

dominium (countable and uncountable, plural dominiums)

The MC was composed of agents from different separated Dominium like Bacteria (Lactobacillum) and Eukaria (yeast).

2012, Eduardo N. Esteban, Mirentxu Indart, Silvia Cerone, G. de Yaniz, Ana G. Inza, Herminia Landi, Silvina Mogni, Marcela Juliarena, Leticia Igarza, “Production and Biochemestry - Molecular Analysis of Microbial Community Fermenting Whey as a Potential Probiotic for Use Animals”, in Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine, volume 2, number 3, →DOI, page 104:

Extremophilic organisms may be located in all the three dominia and include prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells.

2013, Sara Carillo, phD Thesis in Chemical Sciences: XXV cycle: Extremophile bacteria glycolipids: structure and biological activity, University of Naples “Federico II”: Faculty of Mathematical, Physical and Natural Sciences, page 3:

Several aerobic and anaerobic, thermophilic, microorganisms belonging to the Eubacteria and Archaea dominia were isolated from thermal springs of the Eolian Islands.

2004, Extremophiles 2004: 5th International Conference on Extremophiles, Washington, USA: American Society for Microbiology, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 82:

(biology, taxonomy) The highest category in the classification of organisms, ranking above regnum.


revegetate

en-verb

revegetate (third-person singular simple present revegetates, present participle revegetating, simple past and past participle revegetated)

revegetates (present singular third-person)
revegetating (participle present)
revegetated (participle past)
revegetated (past)

(transitive, chiefly ecology) To produce new vegetation on (a barren ground or area); to colonize (barren ground).


physeterid

(zoology) Any sperm whale of family Physeteridae


cerastium

mouse-eared chickweed
mouse-eared chickweed

(botany) Any of several plants of the genus Cerastium, such as mouse-eared chickweed


angiotensinase

(biochemistry) Any peptidase that hydrolyzes angiotensin

angiotensinase

any peptidase that hydrolyzes angiotensin


cryoactivation

(biochemistry) activation (of an enzyme etc) by application of low temperatures


glucosaminidase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that hydrolyzes chitin to produce glucosamine.


phosphohistone

(biochemistry) A phosphoprotein related to histone.


prosegment

(biochemistry) A section of amino acids at one end of a protein molecule that assists in folding


blastic

(biology) Having formative elements such as buds, germs, cells, or cell layers


quaker

(entomology) Any of various lycaenid butterflies of the genus Pithecops.


vibraculum

(biology) A long, whiplike, modified zooid on the surface of certain colonies of bryozoa


amphophilic

(cytology) That can be stained with either an acidic or a basic dye.


hyperdiploid

(genetics) Having more than the usual diploid number of chromosomes; hyperploid with respect to a diploid species genome.


immunostainer

(immunology, cytology) Any of various devices used for staining immunological samples, or for staining biological samples immunologically


keratose

(biochemistry) A tough, horny animal substance found in the skeletons of sponges and other invertebrates.


antigenome

(genetics) The complementary strand of RNA from which the genome of a virus is constructed

antigenoma

the complementary strand of RNA from which the genome of a virus or viroid is constructed


lipophosphoglycan

(biochemistry) Any of a family of phosphatidylinositol derivatives of glycan that coats the surfaces of many parasitic protozoa.


lectotype

From Ancient Greek λέκτος (léktos, “chosen”),from λέγειν (légein, “to choose”) + τύπος (túpos, “blow, impression”).

Where the original diagnosis is without illustrations or is accompanied by figues based on two or more specimens, the first subsequent author is at liberty to select from these cotypes a type for the old species, adhering, as far as can be ascertained to the intention of the original author. Such a type speciment is to be designated as a lectotype...

1905, George P. Merrill, Bulletin of the United States National Museum, Vol. 53, page 12:

The lectotype and paratype, which are before me, are both iron-stained, predominantly internal composite molds of left valves in a fine-grained, white quartzite matrix.

1968, Arcie Lee McAlester, “Type Species of Paleozoic Nuculoid Bivalve Genera”, in Memoir, Geological Society of America, 105, page 19:

Lectotype designation is justified under article 74.1.1 of the ICZN (1999) in order to fix the status of this specimen as the sole name-bearing type of this species.

2000, Scientific Papers, Natural History Museum, University of Kansas, page 27:

(taxonomy) A biological specimen or illustration later selected to serve as definitive type example of a species or subspecies when the original author of the name did not designate a holotype.


diploblastic

(biology) Having two embryonic germ layers (the ectoderm and the endoderm)

diploblastique

having two embryonic germ layers (the ectoderm and the endoderm)


pleuron

Borrowed from Ancient Greek πλευρόν (pleurón, “rib, side”).

bor

(zoology) A lateral sclerite of a thoracic segment of an arthropod between the tergum and the sternum.


bionanoscience

(biology) A science/technology that incorporates aspects of biology and nanoscience/nanotechnology.


holotoxin

(biochemistry) Any of various protein toxins having a structure assembled from several subunits


metallocentre

(biochemistry) The region of a metalloprotein enclosing the metal atom.


blastoconidium

(mycology) A holoblastic conidium that is produced singly or in chains, and detached at maturity leaving a bud scar

blastoconídio

a holoblastic conidium that detaches at maturity


ribosyltransferase

(biochemistry) Any transferase that transfers ribosyl groups


parabiosis

en-noun

parabiosis (countable and uncountable, plural parabioses)

(ecology, ethology) A form of symbiosis, typically among ants, in which different species share common nest galleries but maintain distinct broods and do not practice mutualism other than incidentally.


motilin

motilin (countable and uncountable, plural motilins)

(biochemistry) A polypeptide that has a role in fat metabolism


arachnologic

en-adj

arachnologic (comparative more arachnologic, superlative most arachnologic)

more arachnologic (comparative)
most arachnologic (superlative)

(zoology) Of or relating to arachnology, the study of arachnids.

arachnologisch

of or relating to arachnology, the study of arachnids


arachnological

arachnological (comparative more arachnological, superlative most arachnological)

more arachnological (comparative)
most arachnological (superlative)


adductome

(genetics) the totality of DNA adducts in an individual


deoxyguanine

en-noun

deoxyguanine (countable and uncountable, plural deoxyguanines)

(biochemistry) Any guanine nucleotide that contains deoxyribose


extraribosomal

(biochemistry) Situated, or functioning outside of a ribosome


myomegalin

(biochemistry) A protein that is associated with cardiomyopathy


nucleophosmin

(biochemistry) A protein associated with nucleoli


heteromerous

en-adj

heteromerous (comparative more heteromerous, superlative most heteromerous)

more heteromerous (comparative)
most heteromerous (superlative)

(biology) Having different types or numbers of parts (within the same or similar structure).


antimycin

(biochemistry) Any of several lactone antibiotics, some of which are used for controlling fungi in fish farms


shootless

a shootless orchid


calciotropic

calciotrophic (alternative)
calcitropic (alternative)

(biochemistry) Describing any material (especially a hormone) that is involved in the regulation of calcium in the blood and in bone


enterolignan

(biochemistry) Any lignan that is formed from another by metabolism in the gut.


icterine

(zoology) Of or pertaining to the Icteridae family of passerine birds.


aggrecan

en-noun

aggrecan (countable and uncountable, plural aggrecans)

(biochemistry) A proteoglycan, containing chondroitin sulfate, that is a major component of cartilage

agrecano

a proteoglycan that is a major component of cartilage


auramine

fluorescence microscopy
fluorescence microscopy

(organic chemistry, cytology) Any of a family of fluorescent dyes used to stain tissues for fluorescence microscopy


caeruloplasmin

(biochemistry) Alternative form of ceruloplasmin


codeletion

codeletion (countable and uncountable, plural codeletions)

(genetics) The deletion of two genes simultaneously


biochirality

(biochemistry) The chirality of biological molecules; especially the study of the genesis of such chirality


brumate

en-verb

brumate (third-person singular simple present brumates, present participle brumating, simple past and past participle brumated)

brumates (present singular third-person)
brumating (participle present)
brumated (participle past)
brumated (past)

My snake is starting to brumate.

(zoology) To be in a lethargic state, somewhat analogous to hibernation but not the same. Commonly found in reptiles and in some other animal species, such as bears.


bacteriosis

en-noun

bacteriosis (countable and uncountable, plural bacterioses)

/bækˌtɪəɹ.ɪˈəʊsɪs/

(pathology, botany) Any infection by bacteria


conchiolin

(biochemistry) Any of a group of proteins which, together with polysaccharides and calcium carbonate, make up the shells of molluscs.


diphycercal

From Ancient Greek διφυής (diphuḗs, “of double nature”) (compare δι- (di-) and φύω (phúō)) + κέρκος (kérkos, “tail”).

der

(zoology) Describing a symmetric tail fin in which the vertebral column extends to the tip.


eyestripe

eyestripes (plural)
eye-stripe (alternative)

Dama. [i.e., the dama gazelle] Horns hooked forward at the ends; body white; dorſal and eye-ſtripes tawny.

1806, Charles Linné [i.e., Carl Linnaeus], “Order V. Pecora.”, in William Turton, transl., A General System of Nature, through the Three Grand Kingdoms of Animals, Vegetables, and Minerals: […] In Seven Volumes, volumes I (Animal Kingdom.—Mammalia. Birds. Amphibia. Fishes.), London: Printed for Lackington, Allen, and Co. […], →OCLC, section 38 (Antilope), page 112:

MALIMBA BEE-EATER. [...] Cinereo-violaceous Bee-Eater, sanguine rose-coloured beneath, with black eye-stripe, white throat, and two lengthened tail-feathers.

1812, George Shaw, General Zoology, or Systematic Natural History, volume VIII, part 1 (Aves), London: Printed for Kearsley, Wilkie and Robinson, [et al.], →OCLC, page 174:

These two birds somewhat closely resemble each other, but the Sedge Warbler is russet-brown above, the feathers with dark centres, the pale buff eyestripe is very clearly defined, and the underparts are buffish white; the Reed Warbler is more olive on the upper parts, the feathers having no dark centres, the underparts are more inclined to buff, and the eyestripe is nearly obsolete.

1891, Charles Dixon, “Ramble VI. By Lakes and Streams.”, in The Birds of Our Rambles: A Companion for the Country, London: Chapman and Hall, Limited, →OCLC, page 130:

The plumage pattern of the red-backed shrike male is conspicuous from a long distance. This pattern, not the feathering, is all-important since a plain plastic model is as effective as a stuffed mount in eliciting mobbing by pied flycatchers. Removal of the conspicuous eye stripe (including the equally dark eye) renders the model almost ineffective[…].

1993, E. Curio, “Proximate and Developmental Aspects of Antipredator Behavior”, in Advances in the Study of Behavior, volume 22, San Diego, Calif., London: Academic Press, →ISBN, →ISSN, →OCLC, section II (Causal Aspects of Enemy Recognition), page 150:

Once in a while a design feature shows up in animals that are not closely related. A good example is the eyestripe coloration pattern, which appears in sparrows, antelopes, and chipmunks. In all these creatures, a dark facial stripe runs from the snout to the eye. [...] Presumably eyestripes serve as protective coloration in all these prey animals, disguising their eyes from predators.

2009, James Gurney, “Dinosaurs”, in Imaginative Realism: How to Paint what Doesn’t Exist, Kansas City, Mo.: Andrews McMeel Publishing, →ISBN, page 94, column 1:

The eye-stripe is exactly that: a stripe through the eye. When present, this is a dark line that usually extends from the bill back through the eye. On some birds, it extends just from the eye back, leaving the lores (the area between the eye and the bill) pale and unmarked.

2014, Keith Vinicombe, “Topographical Tips”, in The Helm Guide to Bird Identification: An In-depth Look at Confusion Species, London: Christopher Helm, →ISBN, page 14:

(zoology) A stripe on each side of the head of an animal that includes the eye, and is of a different colour from the rest of the head; in particular (ornithology) such a stripe on each side of the head of some birds.


hypericum

Wikispecies hypericum (canonical)
hypericums (plural)

From the genus name, translingual Hypericum, itself from Latin hypericum, from Ancient Greek ὑπερικόν (huperikón), from ὑπέρ (hupér, “over”) + ἐρείκη (ereíkē, “heath”).

(botany) Any of many flowering plants of the genus Hypericum, St. John's worts.


heterology

en-noun

heterology (countable and uncountable, plural heterologies)

(biology) A lack of correspondence between biomolecules or body parts (e.g., proteins, tissues, bones, limbs) that reflects a difference in origin.


parenchymatous

From the stem of Koine Greek παρέγχυμα (parénkhuma) + -ous. Compare parenchymal, parenchymous, parenchymatic.

(anatomy, zoology) Consisting of or pertaining to parenchyma; parenchymal.

The great fertility of the Cotton-plant in these fine flexile threads, whilst those from Flax, Hemp, and Nettles, or from the bark of the Mulberry-tree, require a previous putrefaction of the parenchymatous substance, and much mechanical labour, and afterwards bleaching, renders this plant of great importance to the world.

1789, Erasmus Darwin, The Loves of the Plants, J. Johnson, page 57:

(botany) Consisting of or relating to the cellular tissue making up the softer parts of leaves, pulp of fruits, bark and pith of stems, etc.


vital function

(biology) Any function of the body that is essential for maintaining life, especially breathing and circulation.


gill cover

(anatomy, zoology) An operculum; a series of bones found in bony fish that serves as a facial support structure and a protective covering for the gills.


gill slit

(anatomy, zoology) An individual opening to gills, which lacks an operculum; characteristic of cartilaginous fish such as sharks.


eurytopic

en-adj

eurytopic (comparative more eurytopic, superlative most eurytopic)

more eurytopic (comparative)
most eurytopic (superlative)
eurytopical (alternative)

(biology) Describing a plant or animal that is found in a wide range of environments, and is thus widely distributed


connivant

connivant (comparative more connivant, superlative most connivant)

more connivant (comparative)
most connivant (superlative)
connivent (alternative)

(botany) Having the ends inclined towards each other


argininosuccinic acid

(biochemistry) A basic amino acid, a precursor to fumarate in the citric acid cycle.


dihydrobenzophenanthridine oxidase

(biochemistry) An enzyme that produces oxidized forms of benzophenanthridine alkaloids, such as sanguinarine from dihydrosanguinarine, chelirubine from dihydrochelirubine, and macarpine from dihydromacarpine.


neuston

en-noun

neuston (countable and uncountable, plural neustons)

From Ancient Greek νευστός (neustós, “swimming”).

uder

(biology) All the organisms that live at the surface of water.


vitellogenin

en-noun

vitellogenin (countable and uncountable, plural vitellogenins)

(biochemistry) An egg-yolk precursor protein expressed in the females of nearly all oviparous species.


tegmen

From New Latin, from Latin tegmen, syncopated form of tegimen.

(biology) A covering or integument, usually referring to a thin layer or membrane in an organism.

(botany) An integument such as the inner membrane of the coat of a seed.

(entomology) In insects such as winged cockroaches and locusts, the stiff, membranous fore wings; in many species they are not primarily used for flight, but serve as protective covering for the delicate hind wings, which are the main organs of flight. The more heavily armoured fore-wings of most beetles are called elytra, not tegmina.


xerocolous

en-adj

xerocolous (comparative more xerocolous, superlative most xerocolous)

more xerocolous (comparative)
most xerocolous (superlative)

(botany) tolerant of very dry conditions


mirid

Mirids continued to be underappreciated as predators even after several species had been used successfully in classical biological control in the 1920s and 1930s.

2000, A. G. Wheeler, Jr., “Chapter 28: Predacious Plant Bugs (Miridae)”, in Carl W. Schaefer, Antonio Ricardo Panizzi, editors, Heteroptera of Economic Importance, page 657:

Interestingly, the reproductive consequences of hornworm and mirid attack are very different for the plant. While the plant metabolically responds very similarly to hornworm and mirid attack and gains resistance to hornworms, attack by mirids (in contrast to attack by hornworms) does not reduce the reproductive success of the plant, although the damage from these piercing-sucking insects can be substantial.

2006, Marcel Dicke, Willem Takken, Chemical Ecology: From Gene to Ecosystem, page 29:

Green mirids may be present at any crop stage from seedlings to podding. Mirid populations are typically low during the vegetative phase, but can increase rapidly after budding as a result of in-crop breeding.

2007, H. Brier, “7: Pulses—Summer (including Peanuts)”, in P. T. Bailey, editor, Pests of Field Crops and Pastures: Identification and Control, page 186:

(entomology) Any insect of the family Miridae, a plant bug.


scolopacid

(ornithology) Any member of the family Scolopacidae of waders or shorebirds.


capitellum

Borrowed from Latin capitellum, diminuitive of Latin caput (“head”), from Proto-Indo-European *kauput- (English head), itself from Proto-Indo-European *kap-. Doublet of caddie, cadel, cadet, capital, caudillo, and Kadet.

doublet

(botany, anatomy, arachnology) Synonym of capitulum


microgamete

(cytology) The smaller of a pair of anisogamous, conjugating gametes; the male sperm or pollen


anaerobiosis

en-noun

anaerobiosis (countable and uncountable, plural anaerobioses)

From an- + aerobiosis; by surface analysis, an- + aero- + -biosis.

surf

This last method is the most satisfactory for anaerobic cultivations, as by its means complete anaerobiosis can be obtained with the least expenditure of time and trouble.

1913, John William Henry Eyre, The Elements of Bacteriological Technique:

(biology) Any form of life that is sustained in the absence of air (or oxygen)

anaerobiose

life sustained in the absence of air or oxygen


urodele

Although courtship and other mating behaviors of many urodele amphibians in the laboratory have been described in great detail (Arnold, 1977; Halliday and Verrell, 1986; Verrell, 1989), little is known about such behavior in natural populations (MacMahon, 1964; Lynch and Wallace, 1987).

1989 December 27, Fredric J. Janzen, Edmund D. Brodie, III, “Tall Tails and Sexy Males: Sexual Behavior of Rough-Skinned Newts (Taricha granulosa) in a Natural Breeding Pond”, in Copeia, volume 1989, number 4:


isomerous

(botany) Having the same number of parts


charadriid

Darting among the penguins on the foreshore are little charadriids, members of the plover and lapwing family who feed on the insects that the massed animals attract […].

2022, Thomas Halliday, Otherworlds, Penguin, published 2023, page 83:

(ornithology) A bird of the taxonomic family Charadriidae.


protologue

protologues (plural)
protologus (alternative)

/ˈpɹəʊtəʊlɒɡ/

/ˈpɹəʊtəlɒɡ/

From Ancient Greek πρωτολόγος (prōtológos, “speaking first”).

bor

This is important, since the brief protologus of A. flava published in the Edinburgh Catalogus included only the first four lines from Solander’s original manuscript (our translation of Solander’s protologue: “calyx ovate, half the length of the upper petal claws, blade cordate-subrotund, stamens curved”) and therefore was incomplete and is inadequate for typification.

1987 July, Frederick Gustav Meyer, James W. Hardin, “Status of the name Aesculus flava Solander (Hippocastanaceae)” (pages 335–341), in S. A. Spongberg, E. B. Schmidt, P. S. Ashton, K. S. Bawa, P. F. Stevens, C. E. Wood, Jr., editors, Journal of the Arnold Arboretum, volume 68, number 3, Lawrence: Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University, →ISSN, →JSTOR, pages 338–339:

(botany, mycology) All the original material associated with a newly published name, comprising its description or diagnosis and any of a number of other elements such as illustrations, synonymy, etc.

protoloog

taxonomy: all the original material associated with a newly published name


intromittent

And, in the end, there must be a way for the developed young to leave the maternal nidus, and the intromittent canal may answer this purpose or, by chance, it may not.

1939, Frederic Wood Jones, Life and Living, Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Company Ltd, page 181:

1990, Raymond R. Forster, Norman I. Platnick, Jonathan A. Coddington, A Proposal and Review of the Spider Family Synotaxidae (Araneae, Araneoidea), American Museum of Natural History, page 39,
Epigynum well developed, often with prominent paired lobes; internal female genitalia consisting of two widely separated pairs of receptacula with short intromittent ducts; […] .

In Microbrachius males, the paired intromittent structures occur ventromedially behind the posterior ventral lateral plates (Long et al., 2015: Fig. 1).

2019, Kate Trinajstic, Catherine Boisvert, John A. Long, Zerina Johanson, “12: Evolution of Vertebrate Reproduction”, in Zerina Johanson, Charlie Underwood, Martha Richter, editors, Evolution and Development of Fishes, Cambridge University Press, page 212:

(biology) Conveying, sending or passing into a body.


leporid

(mammalogy) Any mammal of the family Leporidae: the hares and rabbits.


malacostracan

(zoology) Any of very many crustaceans of the class Malacostraca.


prefixation

First attested in 1921; formed as pre- + fixation.

(biology, cytology) Initial treatment of tissue with a fixative, as a preliminary to the application of another fixative or to the use of a different treatment.


pregenital

(zoology) In front of the genital region


avicularium

(biology) A modified zooid, in some colonial bryozoans, in the form of a beak, that prevents other organisms from settling on the colony


sublateral

(botany) That develops from a lateral shoot or branch


topoisomer

(biochemistry) An isomer of a biological macromolecule that has a distinct topology


fumarylacetoacetate

(biochemistry) An intermediate in the metabolism of tyrosine.


nodosaurid

(zoology) Any of the ankylosaurian dinosaurs of the family Nodosauridae.


ankylosaurid

(zoology) Any of the dinosaurs of the family Ankylosauridae.


trichrome

/ˈtɹaɪˌkɹəʊm/

To summarize: it is possible to make reasonable predictions about the type of force to which connective tissues are subjected by examination of the morphological and biochemical features of[…]the histological staining reaction of the collagen fibers by the Masson trichrome stain[…]

1995, Joan E. Sanders, Barry S. Goldstein, Daniel F. Leotta, “Skin response to mechanical stress: Adaptation rather than breakdown--A review of the literature”, in Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development, volume 32, number 3:

Mitochondrial content was estimated based on visualization of the modified Gomori's trichrome stain.

2011, Colleen A. McMullen et al., “Chronic Stimulation-Induced Changes in the Rodent Thyroarytenoid Muscle”, in Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing Research, volume 54, number 3:

(cytology, of a stain) Staining three different tissues three different colours.


trichrome

/ˈtɹaɪˌkɹəʊm/

The stains used were hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), Masson's trichrome, and Verhoeff's stain. Sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin have nuclei that were stained blue, cartilage and calcium deposits stained dark blue, cytoplasm and other constituents stained shades of red, and blood stained bright red.

2001, Laura E. Edsberg, Joseph R. Natiella, JoAnn Earle, “Microstructural characteristics of human skin subjected to static versus cyclic pressures”, in Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development, volume 38, number 5:

Muscle sections stained with modified Gomori's trichrome demonstrated that thyroarytenoid muscles from both the 1- and 2-week chronic nerve-stimulated rats contained fibers with mitochondrial accumulations.

Segmental sections 5 μm thick were prepared and stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and Masson’s trichrome and analyzed by the senior pathologist using a light microscope (Olympus BX-50, Olympus, Japan).

2012, Kamuran Zeynep Sevim, Ozlem Silistreli, Metin Gorgu, Osman Sevim, Bekir Ergur, “Short-term vasculoprotective effects of imatinib mesylate on intimal hyperplasia of arterial anastomosis: An experimental study using a rabbit model”, in Plastic Surgery, volume 20, number 4, →PMID:

(cytology) A combined stain that stains three different tissues three different colours.


dioestrus

diœstrus (alternative)
diestrus (alternative)

(biology) A period of sexual inactivity (in female mammals) between periods of oestrus.


emersed

en-adj

emersed (comparative more emersed, superlative most emersed)

more emersed (comparative)
most emersed (superlative)

(botany, of an aquatic plant) That rises above the surface.


ethogram

(biology) A catalogue of the typical behaviour patterns of a species.


loxodont

(zoology) Having teeth with several parallel oblique ridges on the surface.


loxodont

(zoology) A creature with teeth of this kind.


dilambdodont

(zoology) Having teeth with a pair of lambda-shaped ridges on each.


labyrinthodont

labyrinthodont (comparative more labyrinthodont, superlative most labyrinthodont)

more labyrinthodont (comparative)
most labyrinthodont (superlative)
labyrinthodon (alternative)

Ancient Greek λαβύρινθος (labúrinthos, “labyrinth”) + ὀδών (odṓn, “tooth”).

uder

(zoology) Having teeth with a labyrinthine (maze-like) internal structure


acoelomate

acoelomates (plural)
acelomate (alternative)


translational bioinformatics

(genetics, biology, computing) The branch of bioinformatics that uses genomic data as its source


dissepiment

From Latin dissepimentum (“a partition”).

(botany, zoology) partition (in an organ); septum


noninhibiting

(chiefly biology, chemistry) Not inhibiting.


noninhibition

(chiefly biology, chemistry) Absence of inhibition.


inhibin

en-noun

inhibin (countable and uncountable, plural inhibins)

follicle-stimulating hormone
follicle-stimulating hormone

(biochemistry) A peptide hormone, secreted by the gonads, which inhibits the secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone and is thus under consideration as a male contraceptive


mesothorax

mesothorax (plural mesothoraxes or mesothoraces)

mesothoraxes (plural)
mesothoraces (plural)

Holonym: thorax

Comeronyms: prothorax, metathorax

(entomology) The middle of the three segments of the thorax of an insect, carrying the second pair of legs, and the forewings when present.

středohruď

the middle of the three segments of the thorax of an insect


perigynous

From peri- + Ancient Greek γῠνή (gŭnḗ, “woman”) + -ous.

(botany) Having the stamens, petals or sepals situated around the ovary (especially, on the rim of the receptacle of a superior ovary).


statocyst

Despite their tiny size, statocysts encode significant information about an animal's buoyancy and swimming ability, as we know from studying statocyst variability among modern cephalopods.

2017, Danna Staaf, Squid Empire, ForeEdge, →ISBN, page 110:

(zoology) An organ of balance found in some aquatic invertebrates, consisting of a sac-like structure containing a statolith and numerous innervated setae. Ancestral to vertebrate otolith (their organ of hearing and balance).


hemipenis

hemipenis (plural hemipenes or hemipenises)

Charles […] found her stroking the goanna in such a way – no one else could do it – that its pale hemipenes emerged pale and spiky from their sheaths.

1985, Peter Carey, Illywhacker, Faber and Faber, published 2003, page 475:

(anatomy, zoology) Each of a pair of intromittent organs of male snakes and lizards, usually held inverted within the body but everted for reproduction via erectile tissue.


myrmecochory

Ants are integral components of terrestrial ecosystems, owing to their manifold interactions with other organisms. They serve as seed dispersers for plants (myrmecochory), mutualists with sap-sucking insects (trophobionts), and hosts for a wide range of associate organisms (myrmecophiles) and act as both predator and prey.

2022 September 19, Schultheiss et al., “The abundance, biomass, and distribution of ants on Earth”, in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, page 1, column 1:

(biology) The dispersal of seeds, spores, or fruit by ants.


anemochory

From anemo- (“wind”) + -chory (“seed dispersal”).

confix

(botany) The dispersal of seeds, spores, or fruit by wind.

Anemochorie

(entomology) The dispersal of young (mites, spiders, etc.) by wind.


klinotaxis

(biology) movement towards a stimulus gradient


monodactyly

(zoology) The presence of a single digit on a limb


anteclypeus

(entomology) The lower part of a divided clypeus, between the postclypeus and the labrum


ascon

From Ancient Greek ἀσκός (askós, “skin, hide for making bags; paunch”) + -on

bor

(biology) A cavity, in the form of a bag or tube, lined with choanocytes, that forms the structure of sponges


parastichy

Ancient Greek παρά (pará) + στίχος (stíkhos, “row”).

As the name suggests, it is possible to trace spiral curves in the pattern. These curves are called parastichies. The parastichies winding in the same direction around the stem with the same pitch constitute one family of parastichies, and two easily perceived sets of parastichies winding in opposite direction are called a parastichy pair.

2012, Efi Fogel, CGAL Arrangements and Their Applications: A Step-by-Step Guide:

(botany) A secondary spiral of leaves or florets.


pneumatophore

Portuguese man-of-war
Portuguese man-of-war

(zoology) A gas-filled sac or float of some colonial marine coelenterates, such as the Portuguese man-of-war.

(botany) An aerial root, in mangroves etc., specialized for gaseous exchange.


rudist

From French rudistes (plural), from rude (“rough, uneven”), or its source, Latin rudis. Compare scientific Latin Rudista.

In its shallow waters, now-extinct clams known as rudists formed extensive beds.

2018, Tim Flannery, Europe: The First 100 Million Years, Penguin, published 2019, page 27:

(paleontology) Any of many box-, tube- or ring-shaped marine heterodont bivalves from the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods.


mendelize

en-verb

mendelize (third-person singular simple present mendelizes, present participle mendelizing, simple past and past participle mendelized)

mendelizes (present singular third-person)
mendelizing (participle present)
mendelized (participle past)
mendelized (past)

From Mendel + -ize, from Gregor Mendel, an Austro-Hungarian priest and scientist, who gained posthumous fame as the figurehead of the new science of genetics. Mendel showed that the inheritance of certain traits follows particular laws, which were later named after him.

(genetics) To be inherited according to Mendel's laws.

mendelöidä

to be inherited according to Mendel's laws


noncultured

noncultured cell preparations


subungulate

(zoology) Any of various mammals, thought to have evolved from ungulates, sometimes grouped in the taxon Paenungulata.


subungulate

(zoology) Hoofed, but with several digits.


cotyliform

en-adj

cotyliform (comparative more cotyliform, superlative most cotyliform)

more cotyliform (comparative)
most cotyliform (superlative)


curvirostral

curvirostral (comparative more curvirostral, superlative most curvirostral)

more curvirostral (comparative)
most curvirostral (superlative)


cypsela

(botany) An achene formed from an inferior bicarpellary ovary of which only one carpel develops into a seed, as in plants of the family Compositae.


anthropochory

anthropochorie

the dispersal of seeds, spores, or fruit by humans.

(ecology) The (typically inadvertent) dispersal of seeds, spores, or other reproductive botanical material, or of reproductively capable animals, by humans as a routine means of reproductive dispersal of that species.

Stephenson stressed the importance of anthropochory in earthworm dispersal. Human introductions, either intentional or unconscious, play a key role in earthworm invasions, as is well demonstrated by the presence of European Lumbricidae in North America, Asia, New Zealand

2006, Juhani Terhivuo, Anssi Saura, "Dispersal and clonal diversity of North-European parthenogenetic earthworms", in Paul F. Hendrix, Biological Invasions Belowground: Earthworms as Invasive Species (2008), Springer, isbn: 978-1-4020-5429-7, page 15

(ecology) The (typically inadvertent and sporadic) dispersal by humans, of seeds, spores, or other reproductive botanical material, or of reproductively capable animals, into a region where they do not natively occur, resulting in adventitious anthropochorous establishment of an alien population if successful.


autochory

(ecology) Self-dispersal of seeds, the physical and often explosive discharge of seeds from the fruit.


barochory

(biology) The dispersal of seeds, spores, or fruit by gravity alone.


endozoochory

(biology) Seed dispersal via ingestion by vertebrate animals (mostly birds and mammals).

эндозоохория

seed dispersal via ingestion by vertebrate animals


epizoochory

(ecology) Seed dispersal via transportation on the outside of vertebrate animals (mostly mammals).

эпизоохория

seed dispersal via transportation on the outside of vertebrate animals


ornithochory

(biology, ecology) The dispersal of seeds by birds


striid

(paleontology) A valley between two cusps on a lower tooth, especially in rodents such as beavers


barilla

en-noun

barilla (countable and uncountable, plural barillas)

(botany) Any of several not closely related saltmarsh plants that were once burnt to obtain soda ash, such as Soda inermis.


signate

w:Webster's Dictionary#Webster's New International Dictionary 1909

(zoology) Having definite colour markings; bearing spots resembling letters.


macruran

(zoology, obsolete) Any of many decapod crustaceans, such as the lobster and shrimp, that were once included in the subdivision Macrura


antitransglutaminase

(biochemistry, immunology) Targeting transglutaminase.


octamerous

(biology, zoology) Having parts in groups of eight


biosystematics

(biology, taxonomy) taxonomy based upon statistical data of the evolution of organisms


scalpellum

(zoology) One of the four filamentous organs in the proboscis of hemipterous insects.


terebrant

/ˈtɛɹəbɹənt/

/ˈtɛɹəbɹənt/

The adjective is a learned borrowing from Latin terebrantem, the accusative masculine or feminine singular of terebrāns, the present active participle of terebrō (“to bore through, perforate, pierce”), from terebra (“instrument for boring, borer, gimlet”) + -ō (suffix forming regular first-conjugation verbs). Terebra is derived from ter(ō) (“to rub; to wear away”) (from Proto-Indo-European *terh₁- (“to drill, pierce; to rub; to turn”)) + -bra (suffix denoting an instrument, forming nouns).
The noun is either derived from the adjective, or is a back-formation of Terebrantia (“suborder of thrips”).

back-formation

The other terebrant hymenoptera feed in the same state either on larvæ, caterpillars particularly, of which they gnaw the interior, without attacking the essential principle of life at first, or on nymphs or eggs of insects, bodies in which they have been deposited under this last form by the mother.

1832, Edward Griffith, Edward Pidgeon, “Supplement on the Hymenoptera”, in Baron Cuvier [i.e., Georges Cuvier], translated by [Edward Griffith], The Animal Kingdom Arranged in Conformity with Its Organization […], volume 15 (The Class Insecta, volume 2), London: […] [Gilbert & Rivington] for Whittaker, Treacher, and Co. […], →OCLC, page 395:

(entomology) Of an insect: that bores (“makes holes”); specifically, belonging to the Terebrantia suborder of thrips which bore using their ovipositors.

poraava

of an insect: that bores; specifically, belonging to the Terebrantia suborder of thrips which bore using their ovipositors


terebrant

/ˈtɛɹəbɹənt/

/ˈtɛɹəbɹənt/

(entomology) An insect that bores (“makes holes”); a borer; specifically, one belonging to the Terebrantia suborder of thrips which bore using their ovipositors.

pistinripsiäinen

insect belonging to the Terebrantia suborder of thrips which bore using their ovipositors


serositis

(biology, medicine) Inflammation of a serosa (serous membrane), or of multiple serosae.


vacat

Unadapted borrowing from Latin vacat (“it is empty”).

ubor

(palaeography) Indicates a willingly empty portion of an inscription.


antiherbivore

We therefore propose that both the resin and the phenoloxidase of Larrea exhibit antiherbivore properties.

1977, Tom J. Mabry, Creosote bush: biology and chemistry of Larrea in New World deserts, page 155:


trigonelline

Trigonella foenum-graecum
Trigonella foenum-graecum#Translingual

(biochemistry) An alkaloid product of the metabolism of niacin, found in many plants including fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum).


ACP

(biochemistry) Initialism of acyl carrier protein.


perennialize

en-verb

perennialize (third-person singular simple present perennializes, present participle perennializing, simple past and past participle perennialized)

perennializes (present singular third-person)
perennializing (participle present)
perennialized (participle past)
perennialized (past)

I recommend spending your bulb budget on bulbs that will perennialize in the garden, and if you need big tulips, purchase a bunch from the local florist.

2000, Tom Peace, Sunbelt Gardening: Success in Hot-Weather Climates, page 64:

(botany, intransitive) To return year after year as a perennial.

The quest here is one of several around the world, to perennialize everything from sorghum to chickpeas to sunflowers.

2007 June 5, Jim Robbins, “A Perennial Search for Perfect Wheat”, in New York Times:


oleocanthal

He, Dr. Breslin and several collaborators confirmed that the pungent substance in olive oil is a phenolic chemical, which they named oleocanthal.

2007 June 6, Harold Mcgee, “Extra Virgin Anti-Inflammatories”, in New York Times:

(biochemistry) A tyrosol ester isolated from extra-virgin olive oil, with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.


microphage

(biology) A small phagocyte, especially a polymorphonuclear leucocyte (a granulocyte)


pyxidium

From New Latin, from Ancient Greek πυξίδιον (puxídion), diminutive of πῠξῐ́ς (pŭxĭ́s, “box”).

Key to Species of Cariniana Inflorescence predominantly terminal and subterminal; pyxidium without teeth at line of opercular dehiscence.

1979, Organization for Flora Neotropica, New York Botanical Garden, Flora Neotropica: Issue 21, Part 1, p. 221

The pyxidium has the trigonoidly cylindrical or obconical form of that of Couratari, but it is much thicker, heavier, and more solid in substance.

1924, Samuel James Record, Clayton Dissinger Mell, Timbers of Tropical America, page 467:

The capsule of gold−beater's skin, in which the grubs of the Cione are enclosed, divides itself, at the moment of liberation, into two hemispheres "of a regularity so perfect that they recall exactly the bursting of the pyxidium when the seed is distributed".

1913, Georges Victor Legros, Fabre: Poet of Science, page 176:

A fruit of this kind is sometimes termed a pyxidium; that is, a little chest.

1836, Asa Gray, Elements of Botany, page 221:

(botany) A seed capsule in the form of a box, the seeds being released when the top splits off.


tellin

From New Latin Tellina, from Ancient Greek τελλίνη (tellínē, “a small bivalve shellfish”)

der

(zoology) A marine bivalve mollusc, of the genus Tellina, that burrows in the sand, from where it siphons detritus.


viropexis

(biology) The process whereby certain viruses become attached to a cell surface membrane and are incorporated into the host cell.


attine

(zoology) Belonging to the Attini tribe of fungus-growing ants


sustinent

(biology, archaic) Serving to sustain; offering sustenance.


amitosis

(obsolete, biology) cell division by cleavage of the nucleus without the formation of condensed chromosomes


ctenidium

Borrowed from Byzantine Greek κτενίδιον (ktenídion, “comb”). By surface analysis, cteno- + -idium.

bor

(zoology) A respiratory system, in the form of a comb, in some molluscs

(zoology) A row of spines in some insects


destruent

(biology) Any organism that converts dead matter into a form that can be recycled


urite

Ancient Greek οὐρά (ourá, “tail”) + -ite.

(zoology) One of the segments of the abdomen or postabdomen of arthropods.


excernent

(archaic, biology) Connected with, or relating to, excretion; excretory


obvolve

en-verb

obvolve (third-person singular simple present obvolves, present participle obvolving, simple past and past participle obvolved)

obvolves (present singular third-person)
obvolving (participle present)
obvolved (participle past)
obvolved (past)

(obsolete, transitive, botany) To enfold or wrap around; to cover by wrapping.


accumbant

(botany) lying against the radicle of a seed


multituberculate

(zoology, of teeth) Having molars with multiple rows of cusps.


digitule

From Latin digitulus, diminutive of digitus.

(zoology) A little finger or toe, or something resembling one.


hirudine

en-adj

hirudine (comparative more hirudine, superlative most hirudine)

more hirudine (comparative)
most hirudine (superlative)

Other factors may contribute to the development of a hirudine constitution by causing primarily a decrease in the water and mineral content of the body.

1933, Eugene Földes, A New Approach to Dietetic Therapy, page 196:

(zoology) Of or relating to the leeches.


ventrum

(zootomy) abdomen, belly (especially of an animal)


anautogeny

(entomology) The condition, found in many insects, where a gravid female has to feed before oviposition (egg laying), in order for the eggs to mature. This is particularly important in insects that are considered vectors (e.g. mosquitos), as without the necessary feeding, no eggs will be produced.

anautogenia

condition where a gravid insect has to feed before oviposition


holocyclic

holocyclic (comparative more holocyclic, superlative most holocyclic)

more holocyclic (comparative)
most holocyclic (superlative)

(entomology) pertaining to an insect that undergoes sexual reproduction during at least part of its life cycle.


pantherine

en-noun

pantherine (countable and uncountable, plural pantherines)

From panther + -ine. In the biochemical sense, refers to the Amanita pantherina fungus.

(zoology, countable) Any animal of the genus Panthera.

(zoology, countable) Any animal of the subfamily Pantherinae.


spicate

en-adj

spicate (comparative more spicate, superlative most spicate)

more spicate (comparative)
most spicate (superlative)
spicated (alternative)

Latin spicatus, past participle of spicare (“to furnish with spikes, or ears”).

(botany) Having the form of a spike, or ear; arranged in a spike or spikes.


thigmotaxis

en-noun

thigmotaxis (usually uncountable, plural thigmotaxes)

(biology) The movement of an organism either towards or away from the stimulus of physical contact.


superspecies

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-superspecies.wav

(biology) A group of at least two more or less distinct species with approximately parapatric distributions


felicia

(botany) Any of the genus Felicia of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae.


cladium

When well preserved the polypary often shows graceful curvature of the stipe, and the cladium is the exact counterpart of the termination of the stipe, the curvature being equal in amount, but opposite in direction.

1914, Monograph of the Palaeontographical Society, page 509:

Of the eighteen thecæ of the proximal type thirteen are usually developed before the cladium is given off. The proximal end is straight and never enrolled, though from the frequency with which specimens are broken about midway between the sicula and the cladium, it is possible that the whole did not lie exactly in one and the same plane.

1918, Gertrude Lilian Elles, Mrs. Ethel M. R. (Wood) Shakespear, Charles Lapworth, A Monograph of British Graptolites - Part 1, page 509:

Several stages in the development of a cladium, showing the secondary nema as the leading rod of the cladial stipe (based on Bulman 1970a, Fig. 65).

2017, Jörg Maletz, Graptolite Paleobiology, page 36:

(paleontology) A branch in a colony of graptolites.


blastodisk

blastodisks (plural)
blastodisc (alternative)

(biology) A round, flattened region of cells from which the embryo of many vertebrates begins to develop in the fertilized ovum; a germinal disk

blastodisque

a round, flattened region of cells from which the embryo of many vertebrates begins to develop in the fertilized ovum; a germinal disk


epizoon

(biology) A microorganism (such as a yeast-type fungus or a protozoon) that grows on the surface of an animal host, as:

(usually) In a nonparasitic way, using an animal's skin as a microhabitat.

(less commonly) In a parasitic way, as an external parasite.


hectocotylus

From New Latin, corresponding to hecto- + Ancient Greek κότυλος (kótulos, “small cup”).

der

When not in use, the male's hectocotylus hides in a pouch, leaving him to go about his business with only seven arms.

2017, Danna Staaf, Squid Empire, ForeEdge, →ISBN, page 170:

The hectocotylus, like many other genitals, is made of soft tissues which are unlikely to be fossilised.

2018 January 24, Elsa Panciroli, The Guardian:

(zoology) A modified arm of any of several male cephalopods that functions as a reproductive organ by transferring sperm to the mantle of the female.


amplimer

polymerase chain reaction
polymerase chain reaction

(biochemistry) A piece of DNA formed as the products of natural or artificial amplification events, as in a polymerase chain reaction.


heteropteran

(biology) Any of very many insects of the suborder Heteroptera


leptotene

From French leptotène, corresponding to lepto- (“thin”) + -tene (“ribbon”).
Coined by Hans von De Winiwarter in 1900 and in English by Edmund B. Wilson in 1912.

(biology) The first part of the prophase of meiosis, characterized by threadlike chromosomes


micropterous

en-adj

micropterous (comparative more micropterous, superlative most micropterous)

more micropterous (comparative)
most micropterous (superlative)
micropteran (alternative)

(entomology) Having small, sometimes merely vestigial, wings.


micrurgy

(biology) The manipulation of individual cells, using very small instruments and a microscope


protopodite

(zoology) The basal segment of the limb of a crustacean


ramentum

(botany) One of the thin brownish chaffy scales upon the leaves or young shoots of some plants, especially upon the petioles and leaves of ferns.


ramulus

(zoology) A small branch, or branchlet, of corals, hydroids, and similar organisms.


nuclear matrix

en-noun

nuclear matrix (plural nuclear matrices)

(biology) A framework of fibers extending throughout the nucleus of a cell.


siblicide

siblicide (countable and uncountable, plural siblicides)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-siblicide.wav

From sibli(ng) + -cide (suffix meaning ‘killing; killer’).

suffix

I continue to question the interpretation of "fatal sibling aggression" and active brood reduction as a means of maximizing productivity[…]. To me, the data clearly indicate a simple response to food availability, with the oldest young passively out-competing its smaller sibling for a limited resource. I still have not seen data to support "siblicide" as a strategy.

1981 winter, Ralph W. Schreiber, “Book Review: The Eastern Bering Sea Shelf: Oceanography and Resources, 1981. Edited by D. W. Hood and J. A. Calder. 2 Volumes. 1339 pp. Available from the University of Washington Press, Seattle, WA 98105. $65.00/volume.”, in Pacific Seabird Group Bulletin, volume 8, number 2, Stinson Beach, Calif.: Pacific Seabird Group, →OCLC, page 111:

Oophagy and adelphophagy, which are forms of embryonic cannibalism, occur in both cartilaginous and bony fishes. They are variations on the tactic of siblicide (Mock, 1984) as a reproductive strategy. In oophagy, embryos feed upon sibling eggs. […] Adelphophagy, literally eating one's brother, is also known in sharks as intrauterine embryonic cannibalism[…].

1988, John P. Wourms, Bryon D. Grove, Julian Lombardi, “The Maternal–Embryonic Relationship in Viviparous Fishes”, in W. S. Hoar, D. J. Randall, editors, Fish Physiology, volumes XI (The Physiology of Developing Fish), part B (Viviparity and Posthatching Juveniles), San Diego, Calif.: Academic Press, →ISBN, page 43:

Obligate siblicide is best known in various eagles, boobies, and pelicans. All lay two eggs, hatching is asynchronus, and usually the elder sib kills its younger sib soon after hatch. From the parent's perspective, the second egg/chick serves as insurance against the unexpected failure of the first[…]. Interestingly, obligate siblicide seems to be independent of prevailing food at the time of the junior sibling[']s demise.

1994, L. Scott Forbes, Douglas W. Mock, “Proximate and Ultimate Determinants of Avian Brood Reduction”, in Stefano Parmigiani, Frederick S. vom Saal, editors, Infanticide and Parental Care […] (Ettore Majorana International Life Sciences Series; 13), Chur, Switzerland, Camberwell, Victoria: Harwood Academic Publishers, →ISBN, page 245:

If siblicides are victim-based, a mother clearly cannot improve her fitness by producing fewer eggs. Less obviously, mothers may eventually be able to gain by laying more, until eventually they are constrained by the costs of eggs.

1997, Douglas W. Mock, Geoffrey A[lan] Parker, The Evolution of Sibling Rivalry (Oxford Series in Ecology and Evolution), Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 230:

One of the more recent examinations of siblicide cases is [John M.] Dawson and [Patrick A.] Langan's Special Report on Murder in Families, published through the Bureau of Justice Statistics (1994). […] According to their findings, 85% of siblicide offenders and 73% of siblicide victims were male. […] Alcohol was reported to play a role in approximately one half of the siblicides in Dawson and Langan's study.

2003, Rocky Underwood, “Family Homicide”, in edited by Eric Hickey, Encyclopedia of Murder & Violent Crime, Thousand Oaks, Calif., London: SAGE Publications, →ISBN, page 167, column 2:

Infanticide, siblicide, cannibalism, rape, and lethal combat have been documented in many kinds of animals.

2011, Steven Pinker, “The Pacification Process”, in The Better Angels of Our Nature: Why Violence has Declined, New York, N.Y.: Penguin Books, published 2012, →ISBN, page 39:

(chiefly zoology) The killing of a sibling, especially as observed among certain species of animals.


tetrapterous

(entomology) Having four (two pairs of) wings.


urochordate

(zoology) Any marine invertebrate of the subphylum Urochordata; the sea squirts.


edaphosaurid

(zoology) Any member of the genus Edaphosaurus of prehistoric reptiles with a dorsal sail.


edaphon

From Ancient Greek ἔδαφος (édaphos, “ground”) + -on.

der

(biology) Any animal or plant found in soil.


arietine

en-adj

arietine (comparative more arietine, superlative most arietine)

more arietine (comparative)
most arietine (superlative)

The great public, who follow the bell-wether with trusting confidence, and with the greater eagerness if the scent of scandal comes from his direction, tumbled pell-mell through the gap in the fence discovered by their arietine leader, and the whole pasture resounded with ovine voices of dismay.

1871 June 1, “Morality in Fiction”, in The Literary World, page 8:

(zoology, rare) Of, like, or pertaining to rams.


holoblast

(biology) An ovum composed entirely of germinal matter.


osteonectin

en-noun

osteonectin (countable and uncountable, plural osteonectins)

(biochemistry) A protein that binds to hydroxyapatite to facilitate the mineralisation of collagen in bones.


leptodermous

en-adj

leptodermous (comparative more leptodermous, superlative most leptodermous)

more leptodermous (comparative)
most leptodermous (superlative)


oligoarginine

(biochemistry) A relatively short polyarginine, especially one used to enhance cellular delivery of a drug


biophyte

(biology) Any plant that obtains nourishment from the bodies of insects (or other once-living organisms)


diplohaplontic

(biology) Describing a life cycle that has alternating haploid and diploid phases.


spondylo-

From international scientific vocabulary, reflecting a New Latin combining form, from Ancient Greek σπόνδυλος (spóndulos).

(biology, medicine) Vertebra; vertebral column (spine, spinal).

classical compound
international scientific vocabulary


ovulum

From Late Latin ovulum, from Latin ovum + -ulum.


whitetip

Any of various animals having a white tip or tips on the body.

(entomology) Any of various species of damselfly of the genus Episynlestes, endemic to Australia.


narrowhead

(zoology) Applied to various kinds of animals with a narrow head.


FAT

en-noun

FAT (countable and uncountable, plural FATs)

(genetics, biochemistry) Any of a series of genes and their equivalent proteins that are associated with cell proliferation.


emetine

From Ancient Greek ἔμετος (émetos, “vomiting”) + -ine.

af

During a 10-year period the sanitarium treated 2,323 patients (93% were men) by the emetine method.

1948 September 13, “A Drink for Drunks”, in Time:

Magendie performed experiments on emetics and the nature of vomiting, and showed that the emetic properties of ipecacuanha were due to a substance he named emetine.

1997, Roy Porter, The Greatest Benefit to Mankind, Folio Society, published 2016, page 323:

After a 3-hour incubation with ALLN [acetylleucyl-leucyl-norleucinal], cells were incubated with emetine in the presence (closed symbols) or absence (open symbols) of ALLN (10 µg/ml).

2001 May 25, Neil F. Bence et al., “Impairment of the Ubiquitin-Proteasome System by Protein Aggregation”, in Science, volume 292, number 5521, →DOI, page 1553:

(biochemistry, pharmacology) A white crystalline bitter alkaloid, chemical formula C₂₉H₄₀N₂O₄, extracted from ipecacuanha root, and formerly used in the treatment of amebic infections and as an emetic in aversion therapy.

эмети́н

alkaloid extracted from ipecacuanha root


geitonogamy

From Ancient Greek γείτων (geítōn, “neighbour”, geitono-) + -gamy (“marriage”).

uder

(botany) Transfer of pollen grains from the anther of a flower to the stigma of another flower of the same plant.


sympodium

(botany) A pattern of branching, similar to dichotomous branching, where the axis or stem is morphologically made up of a series of superposed branches imitating a simple stem.

Sympodium

a pattern of branching, similar to dichotomous branching


pullorum

From Latin pullorum, originally as part of a specific name Bacterium pullorum, now as the name of a serovar.

I should recount my own experience with chooks – and I do not mean the difficulties, with lice, mites, fowl pox, pullorum or bum-drop about which subjects Goon's otherwise taciturn cousin gave me enough information to last a lifetime.

1985, Peter Carey, Illywhacker, Faber and Faber, published 2003, page 246:

(veterinary medicine) A severe infectious disease of young poultry, caused by a form of the salmonella bacterium.


replum

(botany) The framework of some pods, such as the cress, which remains after the valves drop off


silurus

(zoology) Any fish of the genus Silurus; a sheatfish.


trochus

From New Latin Trochus, from Ancient Greek τροχός (trokhós, “wheel”).

(malacology) Any member of the genus Trochus, or more generally of the family Trochidae; in non-specialist usage, including species formerly classified in that family, particularly Tectus niloticus.


septempartite

Latin septem (“seven”) + English partite

(botany) Exhibiting division into seven parts nearly to the base.

семичастный

botany: exhibiting division into seven parts nearly to the base


chromoplast

(biology) Any plastid in which a pigment is synthesized or stored


diplont

(genetics) An organism having a diploid number of chromosomes in its cells


karyolysis

(biology) The dissolution of the nucleus of a cell by the action of deoxyribonuclease


mast seeding

en-noun

mast seeding (usually uncountable, plural mast seedings)

(botany) An intermittently-occurring, synchronous production of large amounts of seed by a population of plants.


semicylindrical

en-adj

semicylindrical (comparative more semicylindrical, superlative most semicylindrical)

more semicylindrical (comparative)
most semicylindrical (superlative)

(botany) Of a leaf: elongated, flat on one side and round on the other.


ambiquitous

ambiquitous (comparative more ambiquitous, superlative most ambiquitous)

more ambiquitous (comparative)
most ambiquitous (superlative)

The rabbit liver enzyme lactate dehydrogenase is ambiquitous.

(biochemistry, enzymes) having the ability to reversibly bind to stationary subcellular structures (such as the cytoskeleton or membrane)