neurothelin

(biochemistry) A cell-surface glycoprotein associated with the blood/brain barrier


zebrin

From zebra + -in, because of the stripes.

(biochemistry, neuroscience) Any of the molecules expressed by subsets of Purkinje cells that reveal the underlying zone-and-stripe architecture of the cerebellum.


truncational

(geology, biochemistry) Relating to truncation.


bioenhancer

(biochemistry, medicine) Any naturally-occurring compound (especially in food) that increases drug bioavailability


Utonagan

(zoology) A large dog of a breed resembling wolves, bred from the Alaskan Malamute, Siberian Husky, and German Shepherd, and related to the Northern Inuit Dog.


Karelian Bear Dog

en-noun

Karelian Bear Dog (plural Karelian Bear Dogs)

(zoology) A large hunting dog of a breed originating in Finland or Karelia.


araphid

(phycology) Any pennate diatom that lacks raphes


biovolume

The separate biovolumes of herbivores, predators, parasites, and detritivores did not vary consistently with grass treatment (Table 2 ).

2015 July 10, “Grassland Arthropods Are Controlled by Direct and Indirect Interactions with Cattle but Are Largely Unaffected by Plant Provenance”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(ecology) A surrogate for biomass, used in ecological studies of invertebrates (normally quoted in cubic millimetres).


codistributed

(ecology) distributed along with another (species etc)


pseudocyclic

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-pseudocyclic.wav

(biochemistry) Describing a variant of the cyclic photophosphorylation process of photosynthesis in which molecular oxygen replaces one of the other moieties in part of the cycle


fraktaline

2008, Marie-Pia d'Ortho, MMP's, inflammation and pulmonary arterial hypertension, Vincent Lagente, Elisabeth Boichot, Matrix Metalloproteinases in Tissue Remodelling and Inflammation, page 90,
Lungs of IPAH patients have increased expression of fraktaline, a chemokine involved in T cell trafficking and monocyte recruitment, and their circulating CD4 and CD8 T cells have higher levels of the fraktaline receptor CX3CR1 when compared with controls or samples of patients with thromboembolic PAH.

2013 October 12, Moheb Costandi The Mind Menders, New Scientist, No. 2938, page 46,
For example, active neurons seem to signal their health by producing a substance called fraktaline, which might warn the microglia to leave its synapses alone.

(biochemistry, immunology) A chemokine involved in chemical signalling in the immune system.


Sry

(biochemistry) the sex-determining region on Y chromosome gene

(biochemistry) the testis determinant factor


DIET

direct interspecies electron transfer#English

(microbiology) Abbreviation of direct interspecies electron transfer.


myosote

myosote (countable and uncountable, plural myosotes)

And laden barges float
By banks of myosote;
And scented flag and golden flower-de-lys
Delay the loitering boat.

before 1899, Robert Seymour Bridges, There is a Hill


mannobiose

(biochemistry) Either of two isomeric disaccharides formed from two mannose moieties


mannohexaose

(biochemistry) An oligosaccharide composed of six mannose moieties (or of three mannobiose moieties).


mannopentaose

(biochemistry) An oligosaccharide composed of five mannose moieties


mannotetraose

(biochemistry) An oligosaccharide composed of four mannose moieties (or of two mannobiose moieties)


mannotriose

(biochemistry) A trisaccharide composed of three mannose moieties.


mimotope

(biochemistry) Any biological macromolecule (especially a peptide) that mimics an epitope


monocopy

(genetics) Describing any gene that has a copy number of one


symbionin

(biochemistry) An aphid endosymbiont-specific chaperonin protein


conchostracan

(zoology) Any clam shrimp of the former order Conchostraca.


haptor

(zoology) A complex organ (having hooks and suckers) in some parasitic worms.


homoneurous

Ancient Greek ὁμός (homós) + Ancient Greek νεῦρον (neûron) + -ous

affix

(entomology) Of insects, principally moths, having a similar venation in the fore and hind wings; not belonging to Heteroneura.


sacculinization

From Sacculina (“barnacle”) and -ization.

(zoology) A process in which parasites evolve to lose sense organs and become simpler organisms.


sciaphilous

en-adj

sciaphilous (comparative more sciaphilous, superlative most sciaphilous)

more sciaphilous (comparative)
most sciaphilous (superlative)
sciophilous (alternative)


cyclomorphosis

The most conspicuous cyclomorphosis involves the formation of body processes and spines or the development of crests.

2007, Winfried Lampert, Limnoecology: The Ecology of Lakes and Streams, page 192:

(biology) Cyclic or seasonal changes in morphology.


microhaplotype

(genetics) Any haplotype that has very few alleles


sphaerocyst

sphaerocysts (plural)
spherocyst (alternative)

1996, Mark Brundrett, Working with Mycorrhizas in Forestry and Agriculture, Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research, page 121,
Russulaceae is distinguished from other families of mushroom-like fungi with gills by the presence of cells (swollen hyphae called sphaerocysts) and filaments which constitute the fruit bodies and can be observed under the microscope in the gill trama and other parts. All other families lack sphaerocysts.

1998, Jacob Heilmann-Clausen, Annemieke Verbeken, Jan Vesterholt, The genus Lactarius, Danish Mycological Society, page 17,
The trama of Russula and Lactarius is termed heteromerous because of the presence of sphaerocysts (globose cells). These sphaerocysts occur in clusters, called rosettes.

2010, R. K. Sharma, D, K. Agarwal, 12: Morphotaxonomic Studies of Poisonous Mushrooms, K. G. Mukerji, C. Manoharachary (editors), Taxonomy and Ecology of Indian Fungi, page 192,
A trama bearing many of these sphaerocysts is called a “heteromerous” (meaning “made of multiple parts”) trama. The opposite expression for an ordinary trama without sphaerocysts is “homoiomerous trama.”

(mycology) A rounded cell, found in clusters within the trama of some mushrooms.


carbonmonoxyhemoglobin

en-noun

carbonmonoxyhemoglobin (usually uncountable, plural carbonmonoxyhemoglobins)

carbonmonoxyhemoglobins (plural)
carbonmonoxyhaemoglobin (alternative)

(biochemistry) Synonym of carboxyhemoglobin


chlororespiration

(biochemistry) An electron-transport process, analogous to respiration, that occurs in plant chloroplasts.


photoacclimate

en-verb

photoacclimate (third-person singular simple present photoacclimates, present participle photoacclimating, simple past and past participle photoacclimated)

photoacclimates (present singular third-person)
photoacclimating (participle present)
photoacclimated (participle past)
photoacclimated (past)

(biology) To acclimate to a particular light environment


photoacclimation

(biology) acclimation to a particular light environment


photoacclimatory

en-adj

photoacclimatory (comparative more photoacclimatory, superlative most photoacclimatory)

more photoacclimatory (comparative)
most photoacclimatory (superlative)


pathotype

(biology) Any of a group of organisms (of the same species) that have the same pathogenicity on a specified host.


gekkotan

(zoology) Any member of the Gekkota infraorder of reptiles, the geckos.


scincomorph

Clipping of translingual Scincomorpha, likely from skink -o- translingual -morpha

clipping

translingual <i class="Latn mention" lang="mul">Scincomorpha</i>

(zoology) Any member of the Scincomorpha.


adipokinesis

(biochemistry, physiology) The mobilization of fat as part of lipid metabolism


antityrosinase

(biochemistry, immunology) That counters the action of tyrosinase


coactosin

(biochemistry) An actin-binding protein originally isolated from Dictyostelium


strigiform

There's still something boyish about Muldoon, and still something birdlike; strigiform.

2001 May 12, Robert Potts, “The poet at play”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:

(zoology) Belonging to the order Strigiformes of owls.


heteromannan

(biochemistry) A form of mannan composed of two or more different monomers (from mannose, galactose or glucose)


heteroxylan

(biochemistry) A form of xylan in which some of the xylose residues are replaced by glucuronic acid


lichenase

(biochemistry) Any glucanase that can hydrolyse lichenins


metaxylem

en-noun

metaxylem (countable and uncountable, plural metaxylems)

(biology) The part of xylem, developing after protoxylem, that has larger cells and vessels.


xyloglucanase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that breaks down xyloglucans.


LPL

lipoprotein lipase
lipoprotein lipase#English

(biochemistry) Initialism of lipoprotein lipase.


macrozoobenthos

(biology) benthic animals that are big enough to be seen with the naked eye


polyoid

(genetics) Having multiple copies of each chromosome


calexcitin

(biochemistry) A calcium-binding protein associated with learning in invertebrates


deoxyglucosone

(biochemistry) Either of two isomeric dicarbonyl sugars associated with diabetes


desuccinylase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that promotes desuccinylation


myohemerythrin

(biochemistry) The oxygen-carrying protein found in the muscles of some marine invertebrates


nonfossiliferous

(paleontology) Not fossiliferous; not containing fossils.

fossilleer

not fossiliferous, not containing fossils


clitellate

(zoology) Any annelid worm of the class Clitellata.


palynivore

/pəˈlɪnəvɔːɹ/

From Ancient Greek παλύνω (palúnō, “I sprinkle or scatter”) (from πάλη (pálē, “fine meal, dust”)) + -vore.

uder

(zoology) Any organism that feeds on pollen; a pollinivore.


antichymotrypsin

(biochemistry) Any serpin that inhibits chymotrypsin


exoglucanase

(biochemistry) any glucanase / cellulase that is active outside of the organism that produced it


stoloniferan

(zoology) Any octocoral of the suborder Stolonifera.


desert rose

/dɪˈzɜːt ɹəʊz/

A flowering plant of species Adenium obesum, native to Africa and the Middle East; a common ornamental.

A star rose, gooseberry rose (Rosa stellata), a rose native to North America.

Sturt’s desert rose (Gossypium sturtianum), of Australia.


antibiotype

(microbiology) A set of organisms that are resistant to a particular antibiotic.

antibiotipo

a set of organisms resistant to a particular antibiotic


caudiciform

en-adj

caudiciform (comparative more caudiciform, superlative most caudiciform)

more caudiciform (comparative)
most caudiciform (superlative)

(botany) Having a thick stem; pachycaul.


endolith

Endoliths have been found in a variety of environments, from the shallow surface to the deep terrestrial and ocean crust.

(biology) An organism (generally a small or micro-organism) living inside rocks.


hyperconserved

(genetics) conserved through very many generations


osmotrophy

(biology) The movement of dissolved nutrients by means of osmosis


tautomerase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes a tautomerization reaction


collective fruit

en-noun

collective fruit (plural collective fruits)

While the true aggregate fruit is produced by the ovaria of a single flower, a collective fruit, if aggregate, is produced by the ovaria of many flowers

1832, John Lindley, An Introduction to Botany:

(botany) Any fruit formed from a mass of flowers, such as the mulberry or pineapple.


dorsal vessel

(entomology) A central pulsating blood vessel along the back of insects that circulates hemolymph (blood).


rigor caloris

(biology, archaic) A heat-induced form of rigor mortis


united flower

(botany) A flower of a kind that has the stamens and pistils in the same flower.


salinixanthin

(biochemistry) The light-harvesting carotenoid antenna of xanthorhodopsin.


xanthorhodopsin

xanthorhodopsin (countable and uncountable, plural xanthorhodopsins)

(biochemistry) A light-driven carotenoid proton pump found in Salinibacter ruber


araliaceous

(botany, relational) Of or relating to the family Araliaceae.


pariah dog

pariah dogs (plural)
pariah (alternative)

Ultimately from Sanskrit पर (para, “distant; outsider, stranger”).

der

Indian pariah dog
Indian pariah dog#English

(zoology) Ellipsis of Indian pariah dog: a breed indigenous to India.

(zoology) Synonym of pye-dog: a half-wild stray dog, particularly in Indian contexts.


verbenalin

(biochemistry) An iridoid glucoside obtained from verbena.


verbascoside

en-noun

verbascoside (countable and uncountable, plural verbascosides)

(biochemistry) A phenylethanoid (with hydroxytyrosol) and phenylpropanoid (with caffeic acid) sugar ester found in Verbascum and other plants.


anoxygenic photosynthesis

(biochemistry) A form of photosynthesis, employed by certain bacteria, in which oxygen is not produced


pelt rot

(veterinary medicine, obsolete) A disease affecting the hair or wool of an animal.


luxuriant flower

luxuriant flower (plural luxuriant flowers)

(botany, archaic) A flower in which the floral envelopes are overdeveloped at the expense of the essential organs.


apodiform

(zoology) Belonging to the order Apodiformes, including swifts and hummingbirds.


narcomedusan

(zoology) Of or relating to the Narcomedusae.


paleoherb

(botany) A flowering plant which is neither a eudicot nor a monocot.


notosuchian

suffix

translingual <i class="Latn mention" lang="mul">Notosuchia</i>

(zoology) A member of the Notosuchia, a suborder of primarily Gondwanan mesoeucrocodylian crocodylomorphs that lived during the Cretaceous period.


deiodase

(biochemistry) An enzyme that catalyses the removal of iodine from iodothyronine; its deficiency causes goitre


cebrionine

(entomology, rare) Of or relating to the Cebrioninae, a subfamily of click beetles in the family Elateridae.


folivorous

Finally, if muriquis are strongly folivorous, they should conserve energy expenditure by using a relatively small area with just enough leaf sources to meet their nutritional needs, and devote a large proportion of their day to resting.

1992, Karen B. Strier, Faces in the Forest: The Endangered Muriqui Monkeys of Brazil:


multiflowered

(botany) Having more than one flower to a stem.


muco-

From international scientific vocabulary, reflecting a New Latin combining form, from mucus; more at mucus § Etymology.

classical compound
international scientific vocabulary


hybridogenesis

(biology) A form of reproduction resembling parthenogenesis, but hemiclonal rather than completely asexual: half the genome is passed intact to the next generation, while the other half is discarded. It occurs in some animals that are hybrids between species.


prophy

(informal, veterinary medicine) Cleaning and polishing of an animal's teeth.


selenophosphate synthetase

en-noun

selenophosphate synthetase (plural selenophosphate synthetases)

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyses the formation of a selenophosphate


memapsin

(biochemistry) membrane-associated aspartic protease


percopsiform

(zoology) Any fish of the order Percopsiformes


minicircle

(genetics) One of the forms of circular DNA in a kinetoplast (the other being maxicircles). They produce gRNA (guide RNA) to decode the encrypted information in the maxicircles, typically through the insertion or deletion of uridine residues.


maxicircle

(genetics) One of the forms of circular DNA in a kinetoplast (the other being minicircles). They encode the typical protein products needed for the mitochondria.


editosome

(genetics) A multiprotein complex that catalyzes the editing of RNA.


globularetin

(biochemistry, archaic) A cleavage product of globularin, with purgative and diuretic properties.


peaness

A rose comb is therefore regarded as a single comb in which roseness is present but peaness is absent; and a pea comb is similarly a single one where peaness is present and roseness is absent.

1909, The Eugenics Review, volume 1, page 136:

(biology) The property of being a pea comb.


biogeology

(geology, biology) The interdisciplinary study of the interactions between the Earth's biosphere and the lithosphere, which incorporates both biology and geology.


roseness

(biology) The property of being a rose comb.


lysinoalanine

lysinoalanine (countable and uncountable, plural lysinoalanines)

(biochemistry) An unusual and possibly harmful amino acid found in certain food products.


advergence

Coined by evolutionary biologists L. P. Brower and J. van Z. Brower in 1972 for the paper "Parallelism, convergence, divergence, and the new concept of advergence in the evolution of mimicry" on the pattern of convergence, substituting ad- for con- to emphasize the one-sidedness of the approach. Borrowed into linguistics by Peter Auer in 1998. By surface analysis, ad- + verge + -ence, from Latin vergere (“to turn, incline”), from Proto-Italic *wergō, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wérg-e-ti, from *h₂werg- (“to turn”).

surf

(biology) The evolution of a mimic to resemble its model more closely.


arthropodin

(biochemistry) Any of a class of proteins found in the cuticles of insects.


combretaceous

(botany, relational) Of or relating to the family Combretaceae.


fieldwort

From Middle English feldewort, feldwurt, feltwyrt, from Old English feldwyrt (“fieldwort, gentian”), equivalent to field + wort.


autocidal

(agriculture, bacteriology) Relating to autocide.


cryophile

(ecology) an organism that thrives at low temperatures


ombrophobic

en-adj

ombrophobic (comparative more ombrophobic, superlative most ombrophobic)

more ombrophobic (comparative)
most ombrophobic (superlative)

(biology) Not capable of thriving in areas of heavy rainfall.


mniaceous

Although Roellobryon is morphologically similar to Rhodobryum and Rosulabryum, recent molecular studies suggest that it is closer to Mniaceae than Bryaceae. Superficially, under the light microscope, the species looks distinctly mniaceous; […]

2014, Flora of North America North of Mexico, page 186:

(botany) Of or relating to the family Mniaceae of mosses.


modiolid

(zoology) Any in the genus Modiolus of mussels.


oxalidaceous

(botany) Of or relating to the family Oxalidaceae of wood sorrel and its close relatives.


ortet

Coined by A. B. Stout in 1929 from Latin ortus (“origin”) + -et.

(botany) The original single parent plant from which a clone ultimately derives.


celastraceous

(botany) Of or relating to the family Celastraceae of staff vines and bittersweets.


nectarivore

Insects visiting flowers of H. spinosa can be divided into two guilds: nectarivores (small flies and ants) and pollinivores (bees and hoverflies), which differ in pollination attributes.

1999, Ecology Abstracts, volume 25, Bethesda, Md.: Cambridge Scientific Abstracts, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 107:

During the same time that A[pis] m[ellifera] adansonii encounters on flowers were registered, we noted the type of floral products collected by this bee. This parameter was measured to determine if A. m. adansonii is strictly a pollinivore, nectarivore or pollinivore and nectarivore. This could give us an idea of its implication as a cross-pollinator of G[ossypium] hirsutum.

2015, Mazi Sanda, “Foraging and Pollination Behaviour of Apis mellifera adansonii Latreille (Hymenoptera, Apidae) on Gossypium hirsutum L. (Malvaceae) Flowers at Dang (Naoundere, Cameroon)”, in Michel Fok, Ousmane Ndoye, Siaka Koné, editors, AGRAR-2013: 1st Conference of African Research on Agriculture, Food, and Nutrition. Yamoussoukro, Côte d'Ivoire, June 4–6, 2013. Agriculture and the Challenges of Food and Nutrition in Africa: The Contributions of Research in the Cotton Zone = AGRAR-2013 : 1re conférence de la recherche africaine sur l'agriculture, l'alimentation et la nutrition. Yamoussoukro, Côte d'Ivoire, 4–6 juin 2013. L'agriculture face aux défis de l'alimentation et de la nutrition en Afrique : quels apports de la recherche dans les pays cotonniers, Gembloux, Belgium: Les Presses Agronomiques de Gembloux, →ISBN, page 164:

(zoology) An animal that principally eats nectar.


clonemate

(biology) An individual that has undergone only clonal reproduction since its most recent ancestor in common with another.


globularin

(biochemistry) A glucoside obtained from the leaves of Globularia alypum and Globularia vulgaris.


globularia

How seldom do we see the globularias in modern gardens, though these sea- and salt-lovers may be planted with confidence in any garden by the shore.

1964, Christine Kelway, Seaside gardening, page 120:

(botany) Any of the genus Globularia of flowering plants.


cytoproct

(biology) The anal opening in a unicellular organism.


antisweet

antisweet (comparative more antisweet, superlative most antisweet)

more antisweet (comparative)
most antisweet (superlative)

an antisweet triterpenoid

(biochemistry) Countering a sweet taste.


lactisole

(biochemistry) The sodium salt of 2-(4-methoxyphenoxy)propionic acid. It is an antisweet compound.


hodulcine

(biochemistry) A glycoside isolated from the leaves of Hovenia dulcis Thunb., the Japanese raisin tree. It is an antisweet compound.


gymnemic acid

(biochemistry) Any of a group of antisweet glycosides isolated from the leaves of Gymnema sylvestre.


ganoderic acid

en-noun

ganoderic acid (countable and uncountable, plural ganoderic acids)

(biochemistry) Any of a class of closely related triterpenoids found in Ganoderma mushrooms.


acanthin

(zoology, dated) strontium sulfate, the main constituent of the skeletons of the Acantharea


backmutation

backmutation (countable and uncountable, plural backmutations)

backmutations (plural)
back mutation (alternative)

(genetics) A mutation that restores the original sequence and hence the original phenotype.


megagametogenesis

(botany) The development of a megaspore into an embryo sac.


pollinarium

First used in H. F. Link's Elementa philosophiæ botanicæ (1824), formed from classical Latin pollin- (pollen) and the suffix -arium (place for).¹

(botany) The structure in an orchid flower which becomes attached to an insect during pollination. Includes the pollinia, caudicle, and viscidium.


exophoric

en-adj

exophoric (comparative more exophoric, superlative most exophoric)

more exophoric (comparative)
most exophoric (superlative)

en:relating to or afflicted with exophoria, in medicine

(biology, medicine) Relating to, or afflicted with, exophoria.


glymphatic

Blend of glial + lymphatic; from late 2013.

Recent research has shown that sleep allows for the clearing of toxic substances from the brain. It does this through the glymphatic system, which is the brain's equivalent of the lymphatic system.

2015, Alexandra Armitage, Advanced Practice Nursing Guide to the Neurological Exam, Springer Publishing, page 205:

Hence, an increase of BWC^([brain water content]) can only occur though an increased flow of water from the intravascular space into the brain parenchyma by an increase in glymphatic influx or by a reduced glymphatic efflux.

2017, Nikolaus Pleslila, “4: Experimental Techniques to Investigate the Formation of Brain Edema In Vivo”, in Jérôme Badaut, Nikolaus Plesnila, editors, Brain Edema: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Practice, Elsevier (Academic Press), page 72:

The glymphatic system is most active during sleep and is largely disengaged during waking hours.

2017, Amy Berger, The Alzheimer's Antidote, Chelsea Green Publishing, page 216:

central nervous system
central nervous system

(biology, anatomy) Of or relating to the waste clearance pathway for the central nervous system of vertebrates.

glymfaattinen

of or relating to the waste clearance pathway of the central nervous system


phalaenopsis

Moth orchids, or phalaenopsis, are indigenous to countries such as the Philippines and Malaysia. Some of the most gothic-looking slipper orchids are found in steamy Sumatra.

2019 April 10, Adrian Higgins, “This florist started caring for ailing orchids on the side. He’s now babysitting 13,000.”, in The Washington Post:

(botany) Any of the genus Phalaenopsis of moth orchids.


entoproct

(zoology) Any member of the phylum Entoprocta, mostly sessile aquatic animals.


gnathostomulid

(zoology) Any member of the Gnathostomulida, the phylum of jaw worms. They are nearly microscopic marine animals that inhabit sand and mud beneath shallow coastal waters.


uniramian

(zoology) Any member of the Uniramia, a group of arthropods.


actinopod

(zoology) Any member of the variously ranked group Actinopoda of protozoa.


tabebuia

(botany) Any of the plants in the genus Tabebuia.


epidendrum

(botany) Any plant of the genus Epidendrum.


laeliocattleya

(botany) Any plant of the genus Laeliocattleya.


sophrocattleya

(botany) Any plant of the genus Sophrocattleya.


calanthe

(botany) Any plant of the genus Calanthe.


paphiopedilum

(botany) Any plant of the genus Paphiopedilum.


arthropodization

(biology) The appearance of hard, ring-like joints around the legs.


carcinization

term-label

(American spelling, Oxford British English)

/ˌkɑːsɪnɪˈzeɪʃn̩/

From Ancient Greek καρκῐ́νος (karkĭ́nos, “crab”) + English -ization (suffix forming nouns denoting the act, process, or result of doing or making something), coined by British zoologist Lancelot Alexander Borradaile (1872–1945) in a 1916 report: see the quotation.

der

[page 121] Porcellanopagurus is a quite independent case of the phenomenon which may be called "carcinization," and which consists essentially in a reduction of the abdomen of a macrurous crustacean, together with a depression and broadening of its cephalothorax, so that the animal assumes the general habit of body of a crab. [...] [page 125] It may be doubted whether the conditions of life play any part other than a purely permissive one in the realization of the tendency to carcinization. [...] The tendency to carcinization, emerging independently from time to time, has led in each case to different habits, but the obligation to the change must have lain always within, not without the obligation.

1916, L[ancelot] A[lexander] Borradaile, Crustacea. Part II.—Porcellanopagurus: An Instance of Carcinization (British Museum (Natural History); British Antarctic (“Terra Nova”) Expedition, 1910, Natural History Report; Zoology; vol. III, no. 3), London: […] Trustees of the British Museum; […], →OCLC, pages 121 and 125:

[L]arval forms of the two groups [hermit crabs and king crabs] are remarkably alike; and carcinization (the evolution of crablike features) appears to have been a recurring theme in hermit crab evolution under ecological circumstances where the shells of gastropod snails are of limited availability (as for example in the deep sea).

1994, John C[harles] Avise, “Species Phylogenies and Macroevolution”, in Molecular Markers, Natural History and Evolution, Boston, Mass., Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, published 2001, →ISBN, part II (Application), page 309:

Presumably, to become a "true crab" requires that a reptant decapod undergo carcinization (Borradaile, 1916) or brachyurization (Števcic, 1971). Although the two terms appear here to be synonymous, we believe that not all authors who have employed "carcinization" or "brachyurization" have had quite the same phenomenon in mind. For example, Martin & Abele (1986) defined carcinization as the reduction and folding of the abdomen beneath the thorax, whereas Sluys (1992) used carcinization to mean the evolution of a crab-like appearance as in lithodids. To Blackstone (1989) hermit crabs became carcinized through broadening of the carapace and reduced shell-inhabiting. In this first component we address anomuran carcinization only from the perspective of adult morphology.

1997 January, Patsy A. McLaughlin, Rafael Lemaitre, “Carcinization in the Anomura – Fact or Fiction?: I. Evidence from Adult Morphology”, in Contributions to Zoology, volume 67, number 2, Amsterdam: SPB Academic Publishing, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2018-12-12, page 79, column 2:

It seems certain that carcinisation, return to a crab-like habitus, has evolved several times in the Anomura.

2004, Gary C. B. Poore, “Anomura – Hermit Crabs, Porcelain Crabs and Squat Lobsters”, in Marine Decapod Crustacea of Southern Australia: A Guide to Identification, Collingwood, Vic.: CSIRO Publishing, →ISBN, page 215:

Three independent carcinization events are identified (in Lithodidae, Porcellanidae, and Lomisidae). [...] Such a scenario may seem unlikely owing to the complex characters involved, but if carcinization has multiple, independent origins, then adaptation to dextral shell habitation may also be plausible.

2009, Shane T[imothy] Ahyong, Kareen E. Schnabel, Elizabeth W. Maas, “Anomuran Phylogeny: New Insights from Molecular Data”, in Joel W. Martin, Keith A. Crandall, Darryl L. Felder, editors, Decapod Crustacean Phylogenetics (Crustacean Issues; 18), Boca Raton, Fla.: CRC Press, published 15 January 2015, →ISBN, abstract, page 399:

Porcellanids are, after brachyuran crabs, the most successful decapod group to achieve a crab-like body form through carcinisation. Unlike brachyurans, porcellanids retained the ability to swim by flapping their abdomen, armed with a well developed tail fan. Here, we present an exceptional case of carcinisation, with the South-American porcellanid, Allopetrolisthes spinifrons, an obligatory commensal of the sea-anemone species Phymactis papillosa and Phymanthea pluvia.

2010, Alexandra Hiller, Carlos Antonio Viviana, Bernd Werding, “Hypercarcinisation: An Evolutionary Novelty in the Commensal Porcellanid Allopetrolisthes spinifrons (Crustacea: Decapoda: Porcellanidae)”, in Nauplius^(https://web.archive.org/web/20120425232740/http://www.crustacea.org.br/artigos/728_25_18(1)_95-102_-_Hiller,_Viviani,_Werding.pdf), volume 18, number 1, São Paulo, Brazil: Sociedade Brasileira de Cancerologia, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2012-04-25, abstract, page 95:

Porcelain crabs (Galatheoidea: Porcellanidae) and the hairy stone crab (Lomisoidea: Lomisidae) are also highly carcinised. They represent two additional independent instances of carcinisation within the Anomura, although their derivation has received much less attention than that of the king crabs.

2011, Shane T[imothy] Ahyong, Kareen A. Schnabel, Enrique Macpherson, “Phylogeny and Fossil Record of Marine Squat Lobsters”, in Gary C. B. Poore, Shane T. Ahyong, Joanne Taylor, editors, The Biology of Squat Lobsters, Collingwood, Vic.: CSIRO Publishing; Boca Raton, Fla.: CRC Press, →ISBN, page 78, column 1:

convergent evolution
convergent evolution

(evolutionary theory, zoology) The convergent evolution of decapod crustaceans from forms dissimilar to true crabs into similar forms.

Contributions to Zoology
Lancelot Alexander Borradaile


dermatopontin

en-noun

dermatopontin (usually uncountable, plural dermatopontins)

extracellular matrix
extracellular matrix

(biochemistry) An extracellular matrix protein


trab

(zoology) A structural element within a sponge, formed by the fusion of dendroclones.


loranthaceous

From translingual Loranthaceae + -ous, from Loranthus, from Ancient Greek λῶρος (lôros, “thong”) + ἄνθος (ánthos, “flower”).

(botany) Of or relating to the family Loranthaceae of showy mistletoes.


zamiaceous

(botany) Of or relating to the family Zamiaceae.


passageable

en-adj

passageable (comparative more passageable, superlative most passageable)

more passageable (comparative)
most passageable (superlative)

(cytology, virology) Capable of being maintained or preserved indefinitely by transplantation in tissue cultures or other organisms.


parthenium

(botany) Any of the genus Parthenium of flowering plants in the aster family.


mesogastropod

(zoology) Any member of the Mesogastropoda, a former taxonomic group of snails.


phthirapteran

(entomology) Any member of the order Phthiraptera of lice.


EM

en-noun

EM (countable and uncountable, plural EMs)

(biology, countable) Initialism of Effective Microorganism.


psilostrophe

The psilostrophes are palatable and usually occur every season.

1934, The Southwestern Sheep and Goat Raiser, volume 5, page 16:

(botany) Any member of the genus Psilostrophe.


rufoferruginous

en-adj

rufoferruginous (comparative more rufoferruginous, superlative most rufoferruginous)

more rufoferruginous (comparative)
most rufoferruginous (superlative)


Pribnow box

(genetics) The nucleotide sequence TATAAT, an essential part of a promoter site on DNA for transcription to occur in bacteria.


dextrinoid

(mycology) Applied to a mushroom that turns reddish-brown upon application of Melzer's reagent


adultoid

An adultoid is a mature alate that remains in the colony, sheds its wings and becomes a functional reproductive.

2002, V. M. Uys, A guide to the termite genera of Southern Africa, page 6:

(zoology) A premature adult form of an insect.


acousticolateralis

(ichthyology) A system of hearing and vibration detection in fishes.


lung volume

(biology) The volume of air associated with different phases of the respiratory cycle.


leptosporangiate

[…]which being leptosporangiate cannot be closely related to Isoetes, the sporangia appear late in the history of the leaf.

1900, Robert Wilson Smith, Structure and Development of Sporangia and Sporophylls of Isoetes, page 330:

In fact, it seems that in the Primary rocks the distinctive Leptosporangiate annulus was at least rare, if it existed at all.

1908, Frederick Orpen Bower, The Origin of a Land Flora, page 639:

Most of his material, which includes a variety of leptosporangiate species, was obtained from greenhouses.

1922, John Merle Coulter, Sir Humphry Davy, M.S. Coulter, The Collected Works of Sir Humphry Davy: Discourses Delivered before the Royal Society: Elements of Agricultural Chemistry, Part 1, page 264:

(botany) Having sporangia that were each formed from a single epidermal cell; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of ferns of this kind.


eusporangiate

Bailey and Pain (1971) examined the walls of a wide range of species of ferns (both leptosporangiate and eusporangiate) and divided the species into three groups depending on whether their walls contained low (0-3%), medium or high (>10%) concentrations of mannose.

2005, Philip J. Harris, “11: Diversity in plant cell walls”, in Robert J. Henry, editor, Plant Diversity and Evolution, page 220:

In the smaller of the two groups, known as the eusporangiate type, the sporangium originates from several initial cells.

2005, V. Raghavan, Developmental Biology of Fern Gametophytes, page 12:

Describe structure and development of leptosporangiate and eusporangiate sporangia. Draw diagrams.

2009, Singh, Pande, Jain, Text Book Of Botany Diversity Of Microbes And Cryptogams, page 468:

(botany) That has sporangia that were each formed from several epidermal cells; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of eusporangiate ferns.


leptosporangium

2003, Jill Bailey, Filicinophyta (ferns), entry in The Facts on File Dictionary of Botany, page 84,
In the Filicales the leptosporangium has a specialized spore dispersal mechanism involving an annulus of cells with thick walls that ejects spores explosively as it dries out.

The characteristic that unites the Filicales as a monophyletic clade is the presence of leptosporangia with an annulus-an area of specialized cells involved in dehiscence.[…]Leptosporangia typically produce only a few spores, and are most commonly homosporous.

2010, Lily Bora, Principles of Paleobotany, page 256:

Leptosporangia are unique among vascular plants in (1) developing from a single cell, and (2) having a single layer of cells making up the sporangium wall.

2011, Michael G. Simpson, Plant Systematics, page 88:

(botany) A sporangium formed from a single epidermal cell.


macleaya

(botany) Any member of the genus Macleaya of flowering plants in the poppy family, native to China and Japan.


schlumbergera

(botany) Any member of the cactus genus Schlumbergera.


deirid

(biology) either of a pair of sensory papillae in the lateral cervical region of some nematodes


subpatent

Leaves erect, appressed, or subpatent, lanceolate, acute, serrated, especially towards the extremity, the margins recurved; the nerve reaching nearly to the point; surface papillose; colour pale-yellow-green, especially when dry.

1818, Sir William Jackson Hooker, Thomas Taylor, Muscologia britannica, page 115:

Cololla (1 1/2 inch long) campanulate, ventricose below, compressed laterally, glanduloso-pubescent externally, and there of brilliant red colour, excepting in a broad yellow stripe along the lower side, on the inside yellow, glabrous, and sprinkled with red spots, which are largest on the lower part of the tube, smaller and more crowded on the limb, of which the lobes are subpatent, blunt, unequal, the two lateral ones being rather the largest, and the two upper the smallest and least yellow.

1842, Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal - Volume 32, page 402:

(biology) Less than patent, present but not fully formed or obviously separate from surrounding structures.


sophrolaeliocattleya

(botany) Any member of the nothogenus Sophrolaeliocattleya.


betathromboglobulin

(biochemistry) A protein stored in platelets that stimulates mitogenesis, extracellular matrix synthesis, glucose metabolism, and plasminogen activator synthesis in human fibroblasts.


pogonia

(botany) Any of the genus Pogonia of orchids.


vacuolate

en-verb

vacuolate (third-person singular simple present vacuolates, present participle vacuolating, simple past and past participle vacuolated)

vacuolates (present singular third-person)
vacuolating (participle present)
vacuolated (participle past)
vacuolated (past)

From vacuole + -ate (verb-forming suffix).


obscurin

(biochemistry) A protein in humans, related to titin and nebulin.


nebulette

(biochemistry) An isoform of the protein nebulin, expressed in cardiac muscle.


mycobiome

Herein, we characterized the infecting microbe, host, micro- and mycobiomes leading up to infection onset in a leukemia patient that developed invasive mucormycosis.

2015 November 11, “Implementation of a Pan-Genomic Approach to Investigate Holobiont-Infecting Microbe Interaction: A Case Report of a Leukemic Patient with Invasive Mucormycosis”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(medicine, biology) A mycological biome.


atrogene

(genetics) Any gene that has an influence on atrophy of muscle tissue.


atrogin

(biochemistry) Any of a family of F-box proteins expressed during muscle atrophy


isodont

The isodont arrangement is typical of the oysters and scallops.

(zoology) Having hinge teeth with lateral tubercles and sockets on either side of a thick ligament (the resilium).


isodont

(zoology) Any organism with teeth of equal length.


ecosection

(ecology) A part of an ecoregion that shows only minor physiographic, macroclimatic or oceanographic variations


sarcospan

(biochemistry) A transmembrane protein, located within skeletal muscle, the loss of which is associated with muscular dystrophy.


adracalin

nuclear pore complex
nuclear pore complex

(biochemistry) A component of nuclear pore complex implicated in Triple-A syndrome


geneflow

geneflows (plural)
gene flow (alternative)

(genetics) The transfer of alleles or genes between populations


histoneurology

(histology, neurology) Synonym of neurohistology


neurohistology

(histology, neurology) Histology of the nervous system.


monospermy

(biology) The fertilization of an oocyte by a single spermatozoon.


pluviophile

(biology) An organism that thrives in a rainy environment


supravital

(cytology, of a stain) Capable of staining living cells after their removal from a host


middle rib

(botany) The main vein of a simple leaf or leaflet, running from the petiole to its apex, and from which the other veins usually spread.

(botany) The continuation of the petiole of a pinnately compound leaf around which the leaflets attach.


bio-oxidation

en-noun

bio-oxidation (countable and uncountable, plural bio-oxidations)

(biochemistry) oxidation caused by the presence of bacteria


fructophilic

(biochemistry, of a yeast) able to ferment fructose


galacturonide

(biochemistry) Any of various compounds, similar to glucuronide but containing galactose residues; notably the pectins


osmophilic

en-adj

osmophilic (comparative more osmophilic, superlative most osmophilic)

more osmophilic (comparative)
most osmophilic (superlative)

(biology) Adapted to living in environments that have a high osmotic pressure


osmophile

(biology) Any organism that is adapted to living in aqueous environments with high solute concentrations (salt, sugar, alcohol), and resisting internal desiccation caused by the osmotic transport of water outside of their cells


pectase

en-noun

pectase (countable and uncountable, plural pectases)


hawkinsin

From Hawkins + -in, after the Hawkins family in which the disease was discovered.

(biochemistry) An amino acid, found in elevated concentrations in the urine in cases of hawkinsinuria.


rubiscolin

rubiscolin (countable and uncountable, plural rubiscolins)

(biochemistry) Any of a group of opioid peptides formed during digestion of the rubisco protein from spinach leaves.


comma bacillus

Vibrio cholerae
Vibrio cholerae#Translingual

(obsolete, bacteriology) A bacillus shaped like a comma, of species Vibrio cholerae.


antideath

en-adj

antideath (comparative more antideath, superlative most antideath)

more antideath (comparative)
most antideath (superlative)

an antideath protein


capture myopathy

(veterinary medicine) An often fatal stress-induced myopathy affecting captured wild animals.


dental formula

en-noun

dental formula (plural dental formulas or dental formulae)

dental formulas (plural)
dental formulae (plural)

(anatomy, dentistry, zoology) A brief notation used by zoologists to denote the number and type of teeth of a mammal.


carpal angle

(zoology) The angle at the last joint of the folded wing of a bird.


N-terminus

N-termini (plural)
N-terminal (alternative)

(biochemistry) The end of a polypeptide chain that consists of an amino acid with a free amino group.


C-terminus

C-terminus (plural C-termini or C-terminuses)

C-termini (plural)
C-terminuses (plural)
C-terminal (alternative)

(biochemistry) The end of a polypeptide chain that consists of an amino acid with a free carboxyl group.


burseraceous

(botany, relational) Of or relating to the family Burseraceae.


kinetid

(biology) Any structure, in a eukaryotic cell, that is used for locomotion

kinetidi

structure in a eukaryotic cell used for locomotion


dysbindin

(biochemistry) dystrobrevin-binding protein in muscle cells


echinocyte

From Ancient Greek ἐχῖνος (ekhînos, “hedgehog; sea urchin”) + -cyte.

der

(biology, medicine) A red blood cell with abnormal appearance characterized by many small, evenly spaced thorny projections.


exotransferase

(biochemistry) Any transferase that is active outside of the cell or organism that created it


extrusome

(biology) A membrane-bound structure in some eukaryotes which, under certain conditions, discharges its contents outside the cell


heliconiine

(zoology) Of or relating to the Heliconian butterflies.


ethnobiology

(biology) The study of the relationships between plants and animals and human cultures


geminin

(biochemistry) A nuclear protein that inhibits DNA replication


complemental air

(biology) The air that can be inhaled in addition to the tidal air; the maximum possible inhalation.


gynaecoid

en-adj

gynaecoid (comparative more gynaecoid, superlative most gynaecoid)

more gynaecoid (comparative)
most gynaecoid (superlative)
gynecoid (alternative)
gynæcoid (alternative)

Coordinate term: oedymerous

Macropterous, brachypterous and apterous forms of females and males are known in their populations. Two forms – oedymerous and gynaecoid – occur in males: they are characterized by the allometry of some body parts.

2015 June 30, Halina Kucharczyk, Łukasz Wyrozumski, “Hoplothrips carpathicus Pelikán, 1961 (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae) – a new thrips species in the Polish fauna”, in Polish Journal of Entomology, volume 84, →DOI, pages 73-74:

(entomology) Of certain Thysanoptera, having attenuating forelegs.


gynostemium

en-noun

gynostemium (plural gynostemia or gynostemiums)

gynostemia (plural)
gynostemiums (plural)

For the expression of MADS-box genes, mature flowers were dissected into their individual floral organs (sepals, petals, labellums and gynostemiums).

2015 November 19, “Digital Gene Expression Analysis Based on De Novo Transcriptome Assembly Reveals New Genes Associated with Floral Organ Differentiation of the Orchid Plant Cymbidium ensifolium”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(botany) A reproductive structure, in some plants, formed by fusion of the stamens and pistil


glucuronoarabinoxylan

(biochemistry) A form of hemicellulose found in the cell walls of grasses


holocentric

(genetics) (of a chromosome) in which the centromere makes up the entire length (of the chromosome)


paroral

(zoology) In the region of the mouth (of a ciliate).


chromatophilic

en-adj

chromatophilic (comparative more chromatophilic, superlative most chromatophilic)

more chromatophilic (comparative)
most chromatophilic (superlative)


proteinogenesis

(biochemistry) The biosynthesis of proteins.


scramblase

(biochemistry) Any of a group of enzymes that aid the translocation of phospholipids across cell membranes.


economicology

(ecology, economics) The study of the interrelationship between economics and ecology


tree thinking

(biology) A phylogenetic method of analysing evolutionary phenomena that uses the visualization of lineages as tree-like structures.


haplodiplontic

(biology, of a life cycle) Having multicellular diploid and haploid stages


cytodeme

(biology) A group of organisms that have the same number of chromosomes, and that can form fertile hybrids with each other.


nandina

A Latinised version of the Japanese name for the plant, 南天 (ナンテン, nanten), first used by Carl Peter Thunberg.

(botany) Heavenly bamboo or sacred bamboo, an ornamental plant of species Nandina domestica, sole member of genus Nandina (in family Berberidaceae), native to east Asia from the Himalayas to Japan.


somatoliberin

From somato- + Latin līberāre- (“to set free”) + -in.


calcyphosin

(biochemistry) A calcium-binding protein that may play a role in the regulation of ion transport.


stationary air

(biology) The air which under ordinary circumstances does not leave the lungs during respiration.


evolutionary trap

en-noun

evolutionary trap (plural evolutionary traps)

2004, Francisco Pulido, Peter Berthold, Microevolutionary Response to Climate Change, Anders P. Møller, W. Fielder, P. Berthold (editors), Advances in Ecological Research, Volume 35: Birds and Climate Change, page 152,
Antagonistic genetic correlations and maladaptive phenotypic responses (evolutionary traps) are probably the most important constrain[t]s to microevolutionary change.

Evolutionary traps can threaten populations and species if they result in widespread reductions in survival and reproduction.

2010, Martin A. Schlaepfer, Paul W. Sherman, Michael C. Runge, “29: Decision Making, Environmental Change, and Population Persistence”, in David Westneat, Charles W. Fox, editors, Evolutionary Behavioral Ecology, page 507:

Sometimes artificial light becomes an evolutionary trap as the age-old biological imperatives of a species, which helped it survive for eons, turn into liabilities.

2010, Jane Brox, Brilliant: The Evolution of Artificial Light, page 279:

(biology, evolutionary theory) The situation of an evolved behaviour or trait of a species becoming detrimental to the survival or reproductive ability of individuals, possibly leading to extinction.

(ecology) The situation of a rapid ecological change triggering decisions about choice of habitat that are detrimental for an individual; an ecological trap.

ecological trap

situation of ecological change triggering bad choices about habitat


glucoraphanin

(biochemistry) A particular glucosinolate found in broccoli and cauliflower; the glucosinolate precursor of sulforaphane.


raphanin

Raphanus sativus
Raphanus sativus#Translingual

(biochemistry) The main sulfur component found in radish seeds of Raphanus sativus and in broccoli and red cabbage.


nick translation

(genetics) A tagging technique in molecular biology in which DNA polymerase I is used to replace some of the nucleotides of a DNA sequence with their labelled analogues, creating a tagged sequence which can be used as a probe in hybridization or blotting techniques.


cauda galli

Borrowed from Latin cauda gallī (“tail of a cock”).

bor+

(archaic, paleontology) A feathery-shaped fossil, apparently a seaweed, characteristic of the lower Devonian rocks.


cetothere

(zoology) Any of various cetotheriids of genera considered to be Cetotheriidae sensu lato.


zoothecium

(zoology) The outer layer of certain protozoans.


euthycarcinoid

(zoology) Any of the Euthycarcinoidea, a group of enigmatic, possibly amphibious arthropods that ranged from Cambrian to Triassic times.


glossophagine

(zoology) Of or relating to the Glossophaginae, a subfamily of leaf-nosed bats.


univorous

(biology, demographics) Liking or consuming only one kind of product.


macrophagous

(zoology) That feeds on relatively large particles or prey.


thelyphonid

(zoology) Any member of the arachnid order Thelyphonida.


oniscidean

Nevertheless, these studies strongly suggest that arginine is not an essential amino acid in oniscideans.

1995, Patrick J. Walsh, Patricia A. Wright, Nitrogen Metabolism and Excretion, page 112:

The oniscidean digestive system has been extensively studied and well described in both slaters and sowbugs (Hames and Hopkin 1989; Štrus et al. 1995).[…]Frequent moulting is an important characteristic of juvenile and adult oniscideans and is related to growth, renewal of the cuticle and reproduction in mature females.

2006, Rok Kostanjšek, Jasna Štrus, Aleš Lapanje, Gorazd Avguštin, Maja Rupnik, Damjana Drobne, “5: Intestinal Microbiota of Terrestrial Isopods”, in Helmut König, Ajit Varma, editors, Intestinal Microorganisms of Termites and Other Invertebrates, page 116:

Some oniscideans, which are ordinarily terrestrial, have re-invaded the continental saline waters (e.g. Haloniscus searlei) or even normal freshwater (e.g. Trichoniscidae and Styloniscidae).

2008, George D. F. Wilson, Global diversity of Isopod crustaceans (Crustacea; Isopoda) in freshwater:

(zoology) Any of the terrestrial isopod crustaceans of suborder Oniscidea; a woodlouse.

synonyms at woodlouse

(any species of suborder Oniscidea): woodlouse


chiasmatic

(genetics) Relating to or characterized by a chiasma (the contact point between the two chromatids of a chromosome during meiosis).


unicate

Dead inflorescences and infructescences are well worth collecting if no fresh material is available or if fresh material is only sufficient for a unicate or one duplicate.

1986, John Dransfield, “A guide to collecting palms”, in Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, volume 73, number 1, page 167:

Each collection, which may be a unicate or several specimens as duplicates in several herbaria, constitutes a record in the Conifer Database.

2013, Aljos Farjon, Denis Filer, An Atlas of the World's Conifers: An Analysis of their Distribution, Biogeography, Diversity and Conservation Status, Koninklijke Brill, →ISBN, page 3:

(botany, zoology) A biological specimen that has no duplicates.

Our data perhaps are more robust for analyzing patterns of endemism because some nuclei for which we have few inventories show high numbers of unicates (e.g., Caribbean, Mexico), and others for which we have sampled far more thoroughly show low numbers (e.g., Brejo and Peri-Caatinga). Though the percentage of unicate species varies widely from 1.9 to 77.5 percent, in general it is high, with 12 of 23 nuclei showing greater than 20 percent unicates, suggesting high endemism.

2011, Reynaldo Linares-Palomino, Ary T. Oliveira-Filho, R. Toby Pennington, “Neotropical Seasonally Dry Forests: Diversity, Endemism, and Biogeography of Woody Plants”, in Rodolfo Dirzo, Hillary S. Young, Harold A. Mooney, Gerardo Ceballos, editors, Seasonally Dry Tropical Forests: Ecology and Conservation, Washington: Island Press, →ISBN, page 8:

(botany) A species that occurs at only a single geographical site.


HAMLET

Acronym of Human Alpha-lactalbumin Made LEthal to Tumor cells, chosen to spell out Hamlet.

(biochemistry) A protein complex of alpha-lactalbumin and oleic acid that induces apoptosis in tumor cells, but not in healthy cells.


wash barrel

(fisheries) A barrel nearly full of split mackerel, loosely put in, and afterward filled with salt water in order to soak the blood from the fish before salting.


pole plate

pole plates (plural)
pole-plate (alternative)

The pole plate of the 1st spindle becomes immediately the equatorial of the 2nd, where the 14 chromosomes are arranged in pairs, of each of which one goes to one pole and one to the other.

1899, Thomas H. Montgomery Jr., “The Spermatogenesis in Pentatoma up to the Formation of the Spermatid”, in University of Pennsylvania, editor, Contributions from the Zoological Laboratory for the year 1898:

In Spriochona (Fig. 38, A-C) a hemisperical "end-plate" or "pole-plate" is situated at either pole of the spindle, and Herwig's observations indicated, though they did not prove, that these plates arose by the division of a large "nucleolus."

1911, Edmund Beecher Wilson, The Cell in Development and Inheritance:

As the chromosomes near the poles they apparently fuse with the pole plate (pl. 17, fig. 16), the number of chromosomes remaining distinct until after the formation of the new nuclear membrane (figs. 17m 18).

1917, Calvin Olin Esterly, The Feeding Habits and Food of Pelagic Copepods, page 133:

(biology) A structure that forms at the pole of the spindle during the first meiotic or mitotic division in some animals.


aizoaceous

(botany) Of or relating to the family Aizoaceae of fig-marigolds.


olfactomotor

(biology) Of or pertaining to both olfactory and motor activity, as for example where thinking about an odor triggers sniffing.


adipolytic

(biochemistry) That hydrolyses fat into free fatty acids, especially by the action of enzymes


dentulous

The teeth of such of the reptiles as are dentulous, are simple organs of prehension, and not intended for mastication.

1874 June, W. C. Barrett, "The Anatomical and Histological Structure of Deciduous Teeth," Transactions of the Dental Society of the State of New York, p. 121 (Google preview)

No dentulous jaws of multituberculates found in deposits of Early Cretaceous age have yet been described.

1979, William A. Clemens and Zofia Kielan-Jaworowska, "Multituberculata," in Jason A. Lillegraven et al. (eds.), Mesozoic Mammals, p. 112 (Google preview)

Edentulous patients with an atrophic mandible require a different plating strategy than dentulous patients who have a greater amount of bone.

2011, K. J. Lee, Elizabeth H. Toh, editors, Otolaryngology: A Surgical Notebook, →ISBN, page 71:

(usually medicine or zoology) Having natural teeth.


adenylate cyclase

adenosine triphosphate
adenosine triphosphate

cyclic adenosine monophosphate
cyclic adenosine monophosphate

(biochemistry) An enzyme which cyclizes adenosine triphosphate (ATP) into cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP, cAMP), having key regulatory roles in essentially all cells.


proximate principle

en-noun

proximate principle (plural proximate principles)

(biochemistry, archaic) Any of a class of substances found ready-formed in animal and vegetable tissues, and separable by chemical analysis, such as albumin, sugar, collagen, fat, etc.


zeuzerine

(zoology) Of or relating to the subfamily Zeuzerinae.


brunneous

en-adj

brunneous (comparative more brunneous, superlative most brunneous)

more brunneous (comparative)
most brunneous (superlative)

Borrowed from Medieval Latin brunneus (“brown”), derived from Proto-Germanic *brūnaz (“brown”).


rufobrunneous

rufobrunneous (comparative more rufobrunneous, superlative most rufobrunneous)

more rufobrunneous (comparative)
most rufobrunneous (superlative)

(zoology) Of a dark reddish-brown colour.


pulse wave

H. N. Martin
The pulse wave travels over the arterial system at the rate of about 29.5 feet in a second.

(biology) The wave of increased pressure started by the ventricular systole, radiating from the semilunar valves over the arterial system, and gradually disappearing in the smaller branches.


rhamnodiastase

en-noun

rhamnodiastase (countable and uncountable, plural rhamnodiastases)

(biochemistry) An enzyme found in Rhamnus dahurica, used in the hydrolysis of flavonoid glycosides.


transglucosidase

(biochemistry) A kind of enzyme capable of converting starch into oligosaccharides.


postmentum

(zoology) The basal part of the labium in insects.


gnathochilarium

(zoology) A lower lip to the buccal cavity in certain insects.


coxosternite

(zoology) A basal plate making up the maxillae in some insects or the first pair of legs of Chilopoda, formed from the fused coxae of each leg plus the ventral body plate, the sternite.


maxillula

(zoology) Either of the first pair of maxillae in crustaceans.


orbitolinid

(zoology) Any foraminifer in the family Orbitolinidae.


orthonectid

(zoology) Any of the Orthonectida, a small phylum of parasites of marine invertebrates.


culturomics

From culture + -omics (“study of the totality”); first described in a 2010 Science article by Harvard researchers Jean-Baptiste Michel and Erez Lieberman Aiden.


monestrous

The dog, wolf, and fox are monestrous, the fox and wolf having one and the dog two cycles in a year.

1977, Solomon Zuckerman, Barbara J. Weir, editors, The Ovary: Volume 2 Physiology, 2nd edition, →ISBN:

Males of monestrous species also exhibit a cycle, being sexually active only during the females' estrus.

2005, Robert Hine, The Facts on File Dictionary of Biology, 4th edition, →ISBN, page 129:

Most wild carnivorous mammals are monestrous.

2013, William O. Reece, Functional Anatomy and Physiology of Domestic Animals, →ISBN, page 477:

(biology) Of or pertaining to a mammal, such as the dog, that only enters into heat once during each of its normal breeding cycles.


dry bite

(zoology) A bite by a venomous animal in which no venom is released.


biopedturbation

From bio- + Ancient Greek πέδον (pédon, “soil”) + Latin turbātiō (“disturbance; confusion”).

der

The implications of the biopedturbation caused by sooty shearwater burrowing to the extent measured in this study may be profound for some ecosystem processes […]

2006, Walter G. Whitford, Fenton R. Kay, “Biopedturbation by an island ecosystem engineer: Burrowing volumes and litter deposition by sooty shearwaters”, in New Zealand Journal of Zoology, volume 33, number 4:

(geology, ecology) The mixing or disturbance of soil by living organisms, as opposed to disturbance of other media such as sediment or leaf litter.


arolium

(entomology) A median lobe into which the pretarsus expands, in an insect's leg.

arolio

a median lobe into which the pretarsus expands, in an insect's leg


opilionid

(zoology) Any of the harvestmen/daddy longlegs in the order Opiliones.


onopordum

(botany) Any of the genus Onopordum of asteraceous thistles.


lilioid

(botany) Any of a grade of five monocot orders (Petrosaviales, Dioscoreales, Pandanales, Liliales and Asparagales) in which most species have flowers with relatively large, coloured tepals resembling those of a lily.


phrase name

(Australia, botany) An informal name given to a plant taxon that has not yet been given a formal scientific name. It consists of the generic name, "sp." (to indicate it is a species), a geographical or morphological identifier, and a collector's name and number representing a herbarium specimen.


axon hillock

(biology) A specialized part of the soma of a neuron that connects to the axon. It is the last site in the soma where membrane potentials propagated from synaptic inputs are summated before being transmitted to the axon.


chromatoid

We have no direct evidence that excystation occurs while the chromatoids are present. The amoeba illustrated in Fig. 27 may be excysting with chromatoids. However, this may also be artificial excystation produced by fixation.

(cytology) The part of a nucleus comprising DNA and proteins where chromosomes are formed.


anthropochorous

/ænθɹɒpəˈkɔːɹəs/

From anthropo- (“man, human”) + Ancient Greek χωρίζω (khōrízō, “separate, spread”).

pre

(ecology, of fauna, or flora) that have populations transported as aliens to geographical areas by the direct or indirect, typically inadvertent, action of humans.

From their initial habitats, many anthropochorous insects have been transported by humans around the globe and several are now cosmopolitan in distribution.

2003, Kevin J. Edwards, Ian Ralston, Scotland After the Ice Age: Environment, Archaeology and History, 8000 BC - AD 1000:

(ecology, of fauna, or flora) that have populations effectively relying on human transport or action, typically inadvertent, for their propagation.


anthropochore

(ecology) A species that depends on anthropochory as a routine means of reproductive dispersal.

Although most anthropochores undoubtedly have been transported by man from the Old World to the New, there is evidence that at least some now known from Europe first became known from the United States and were carried east.

(ecology) A population of a species in a region where it does not natively occur, established by anthropochorous events in the past.


true daikon

(botany) The common daikon, to distinguish the principal large, long, and white variety from various other forms such as the watermelon radish.


pantothere

(zoology) Any of the Pantotheria, a (now abandoned) taxon of Mesozoic mammals.


frogger

(biology) The pronged plater used in frogging (transferring cells to another plate).


mutational meltdown

en-noun

mutational meltdown (countable and uncountable, plural mutational meltdowns)

(genetics) The process by which a small population accumulates harmful mutations, which leads to loss of fitness and decline of the population size, which may lead to further accumulation of deleterious mutations due to fixation by genetic drift.


multimale

(biology) Comprising more than one male.


multifemale

(biology) Comprising more than one female.


oligotrich

(biology) Any of a group of ciliate protozoa, included among the spirotrichs, with prominent oral cilia, which are arranged as a collar and lapel, in contrast to the choreotrichs where they form a complete circle


ophidiiform

(zoology) Any ray-finned fish of the order Ophidiiformes


hemibranch

(zoology) In fishes, either of the two rows of gill filaments that form a gill arch.


holobranch

(zoology) A pair of hemibranchs on the same gill arch.


witch's broom

witch's broom (countable and uncountable, plural witch's brooms)

witch's brooms (plural)
witches' broom (alternative)

(phytopathology) A disease or deformity in a woody plant, typically a tree, such that the natural structure of the plant is changed so that a dense mass of shoots grows from a single point.


alkylresorcinol

(biochemistry) A phenolic lipid composed of long aliphatic chains and resorcinol-type phenolic rings.


ononin

(biochemistry) An isoflavone, the 7-O-glucoside of formononetin, found in various plants and herbs, including the soybean.


xenognosin

(biochemistry) Any organic compound that stimulates the formation of a haustorium.


clavarioid

en-adj

clavarioid (comparative more clavarioid, superlative most clavarioid)

more clavarioid (comparative)
most clavarioid (superlative)

(mycology) Resembling the Clavaria, a genus of fungi.


richardia

From the genus name, after the French botanist L. C. M. Richard (1754-1821) and his son.

(botany) Any of the genus Richardia of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae.


rice blast

(phytopathology) A disease of rice caused by the fungus Magnaporthe grisea.


Goldberg-Hogness box

en-noun

Goldberg-Hogness box (plural Goldberg-Hogness boxes)

Named after American biochemist David Hogness and his graduate student Michael Goldberg, who identified it in 1978.


cisregulatory

(genetics) Regulating the transcription of nearby genes.


cisregulation

(genetics) Regulation of the transcription of nearby genes.


rhamnohexose

rhamnohexose (countable and uncountable, plural rhamnohexoses)

(biochemistry) A carbohydrate with chemical formula C₇H₁₄O₆.


digitoxose

digitoxose (countable and uncountable, plural digitoxoses)

(biochemistry) The glycone of digitoxin or gitoxin


photophobous

en-adj

photophobous (comparative more photophobous, superlative most photophobous)

more photophobous (comparative)
most photophobous (superlative)

(biology) That thrives at a relatively low light level; photophobic.


phytophile

(biology) Any organism that thrives around plants


neckeraceous

(botany) Belonging to the Neckeraceae, a family of mosses.


maltokinase

en-noun

maltokinase (countable and uncountable, plural maltokinases)

(biochemistry) An enzyme that catalyses the chemical reaction ATP + maltose ⇌ ADP + alpha-maltose 1-phosphate.


(biochemistry) A hydrolase enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction 5,10-methenyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin + H₂O ⇌ 5-formyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin.


tree of life

(biology) A metaphor used to describe the relationships between organisms, both living and extinct, usually represented with a tree-like diagram.


vis vitalis

Borrowed from Latin vīs vītālis (“life force”).


vis vitae

From Latin vis (“energy, force, power, strength”) + vita (“life”).


oryzin

Aspergillus oryzae
Aspergillus oryzae#Translingual

(biochemistry) A predominant extracellular alkaline endopeptidase of the mold Aspergillus oryzae.


aspergillopepsin

(biochemistry) Any of a group of pepsins found in Aspergillus fungi.


xerochasy

(biology) Dehiscence that occurs upon drying.


postmedial

Head, thorax, and abdomen yellow and white. Fore wing white, with the costal half to end of cell suffused with fuscous; an obscure fuscous triangular postmedial mark with its apex on inner margin, its inner limb with a black speck […]

(biology) Located behind (further towards the rear than) the middle.


aposematically

Some bees are aposematically coloured.


stamineal

en-adj

stamineal (comparative more stamineal, superlative most stamineal)

more stamineal (comparative)
most stamineal (superlative)


restionaceous

(botany, relational) Belonging or relating to the Restionaceae.


silver grain

(botany) The lines or narrow plates of cellular tissue which pass from the pith to the bark of an exogenous stem; the medullary rays. In the wood of the oak they are much larger than in that of the beech, maple, pine, cherry, etc.


uniform distribution

en-noun

uniform distribution (plural uniform distributions)

(biology) The presence of a roughly equal distance between specimens of a particular species within their normal species range.


clumped distribution

clumped distribution (plural clumped distributions)

(biology) The tendency of specimens of a particular species to appear in discrete groups at different places within their species range.


micromammal

(zoology) Any very small mammal (such as a shrew or mouse)


circummundane

(chiefly zoology) Existing throughout the world.


megadrile

(zoology, obsolete) A terrestrial oligochaete (worm of the superorder Megadrilacea in class Oligochaeta)


chloragogen cell

chloragogen cell (plural chloragogen cells)

(zoology) A cell in annelids, with a similar function to the liver


cataplerosis

From Ancient Greek κατά (katá, “down”) + πλήρωσις (plḗrōsis), from πληρόω (plēróō, “to fill”) + -σῐς (-sĭs).

(biochemistry) The removal of intermediate metabolites, especially in the citric acid cycle, to prevent their accumulation in the mitochondrial matrix.


cataplerotic

(biochemistry) Relating to cataplerosis.


glucoincretin

(biochemistry) Any of a class of peptide hormones derived from preproglucagon


ichnofamily

(paleontology) Any family known only from trace fossils, such as footprints, coprolites or nests.


ichnospecies

From ichno- (“trace”) + species, suggesting an analogy with the species level of the taxonomy of organisms.

There is certainly little discussion of distinctive features that warrant the establishment of new ichnospecies. In short, the ichnospecies labels are something of a compromise. By this we mean that the use of familiar ichnogenera (Grallator, Eubrontes, and Batrachopus) acknowledges similarity, whereas the use of new ichnospecies names conveys the suggestion that the track assemblages are distinct in some way.

2000, Martin Lockley, Christian Meyer, Dinosaur Tracks and Other Fossil Footprints of Europe, Columbia University Press, page 112:

Oldhamia encompasses six ichnospecies, O. alata, O. antiqua, O. curvata, O. flabellata, O. geniculata, and O. radiata, all of them present in lower Cambrian rocks, with a few ichnospecies persisting into the middle Cambrian (Fig. 3.5) (Seilacher et al. 2005; Herbosch and Verniers 2011; Jensen et al. 2013).

2016, M. Gabriela Mángano, Luis A. Buatois, “3: The Cambrian Explosion”, in M. Gabriela Mángano, Luis A. Buatois, editors, The Trace-Fossil Record of Major Evolutionary Events: Volume 1, Springer, page 85:

A recent paper by a team from Brazil described a new ichnospecies of these tracks: Brasilichnium saltatorium.

2017 March 22, Elsa Panciroli, The Guardian, Walking in the footsteps of giants and gerbils: what fossil prints can tell us

(paleontology) A level of taxonomical classification of trace fossils.

Ichnospezies

level of classification of trace fossils


ichnotaxonomy

(paleontology) The branch of taxonomy that attempts to classify an animal based on its footprints, burrows, or other traces


black rust

(phytopathology) A disease of wheat, in which a black, moist substance is deposited in the fissures of the grain.


-tropism

From Latin tropus (English trope) + -ism, from Ancient Greek τρόπος (trópos, “a turn, way, manner, style, a trope or figure of speech, a mode in music, a mode or mood in logic”), from τροπή (tropḗ, “turn; solstice; trope”). Early use in botany as geotropism and heliotropism.


monodominant

(ecology) dominated by organisms of a single species


monodominance

(ecology) The condition of being monodominant


MET

en-noun

MET (countable and uncountable, plural METs or METS)

(biochemistry) Abbreviation of methylethyltryptamine, a hallucinogenic tryptamine.

(biochemistry) Abbreviation of methionine, an essential nonpolar amino acid.

(biology) The gene symbol for C-Met, a proto-oncogene in human biology.


behavioristics

(biology) The study of the behavior of an organism in relation to its environment


calcemic

(biology, medicine) Of or pertaining to calcemia: (usually, especially) regarding trends of calcium (Ca) concentration over time.

natremic

biometallic cation concentration in blood


mercapturic

(biochemistry) Related to a mercapturic acid or its derivative


mercapturic acid

mercapturic acid (plural mercapturic acids)

(biochemistry) Any of a class of conjugates of cysteine or glutathione with any other compounds


mesopolyploid

(genetics) That has become polyploid in more recent history


paleopolyploid

(genetics) That became polyploid in the distant past


chignolin

(biochemistry) A synthetic decapeptide that folds into a beta-hairpin structure in water.


chactid

This character persisted in the literature despite the knowledge of chactids that do not have two pairs of lateral eyes and of vaejovids that do not have three pairs.

1990, Gary A. Polis, The Biology of Scorpions, page 103:

(zoology) Any scorpion in the family Chactidae.


daboecia

From the genus name, from Dabheog, the name of a late antique Irish saint.

(botany) Any of the genus Daboecia of evergreen shrubs related to heather.


zoamylin

From Ancient Greek ζωή (zōḗ, “life”) and amylin.

(biology, archaic) The amorphous amylaceous matter contained in the vertebrate and invertebrate foetal tissues.


pseudodiploid

(genetics) diploid, but with chromosomal translocations


zoster sine herpete

(medicine, pathology, virology) Herpes zoster in the absence of a rash.


mixis

From Ancient Greek μίξις (míxis, “mingling”).

(biology) reproduction by the fusion of gametes


haemodoraceous

suf

translingual <i class="Latn mention" lang="mul">Haemodoraceae</i>

(botany) Of or relating to the family Haemodoraceae (bloodworts).


axanthism

(zoology) Absence of yellow pigmentation.


xenobiosis

Although this explanation is readily suggested by the well-known cases of dulosis and xenobiosis in ants, we are, nevertheless, bound to reject it for the following reasons […]

1904, Bulletin of the University of Texas: Scientific series:

(biology) A form of symbiosis where one species of ant lives with another and the two species raise their young separately.


phyllogenous

Several of the xylogenous species appear to be of the same nature. The phyllogenous forms seem to be of a different character, but we are not concerned with them here.


xylogenous

It occurs in nearly all maculicole fungi, and is exhibited by certain xylogenous fungi, such as Hysterographium.

1901, Contributions from the Botanical Survey of Nebraska, University of Nebraska:


neoregelia

(botany) Any of the genus Neoregelia of flowering plants in the bromeliad family.


odonatan

(zoology) Any member of the Odonata (dragonflies etc.).


xenarthral

/zəˈnɑɹθɹəl/

From Ancient Greek. See Xenarthra, xen-, and arthro- for more.


duovirus

So called because these viruses replicate in the duodenum and, at the time, were thought to have a double protein outer coat; see duo.


dynactin

en-noun

dynactin (countable and uncountable, plural dynactins)

(biochemistry) dynein activator complex: a multi-subunit protein found in eukaryotic cells that aids in bidirectional intracellular transport by binding to dynein and kinesin-2 and linking them to the organelle or vesicle to be transported.


despeciation

(biology, taxonomy) The loss of a unique species of animal due to its combining with another previously distinct species.

(biology, immunology, physiology, medicine) The loss of antigenic specificity in an antigen or an antibody thereto.


arrhenotoky

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀρρενοτοκία (arrhenotokía), from ἄρρην (árrhēn) + τόκος (tókos).

bor

(biology) The production of male offspring by parthenogenesis.

arrenotoquia

the production of male offspring by parthenogenesis


dextranase

en-noun

dextranase (countable and uncountable, plural dextranases)

(biochemistry) An enzyme that catalyzes the endohydrolysis of (1->6)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in dextran.


dextransucrase

(biochemistry) An enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction sucrose + (1,6-alpha-D-glucosyl)n ⇌ D-fructose + (1,6-alpha-D-glucosyl)n⁺1.


dihydroorotase

dihydroorotase (countable and uncountable, plural dihydroorotases)

(biochemistry) An enzyme that converts carbamoyl aspartic acid into 4,5-dihydroorotic acid in the biosynthesis of pyrimidines.


dimethylallyltranstransferase

(biochemistry) An enzyme that converts dimethylallylpyrophosphate and isopentenyl pyrophosphate into farnesylpyrophosphate.


dimethylallylpyrophosphate

(biochemistry) An intermediate product of the mevalonic acid pathway and the DOXP/MEP pathway. It is an isomer of isopentenyl pyrophosphate.


dimethylargininase

(biochemistry) An enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction N-omega,N-omega'-methyl-L-arginine + H₂O ⇌ dimethylamine + L-citrulline.


dolichyldiphosphatase

(biochemistry) A hydrolase enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction dolichyl diphosphate + H₂O ⇌ dolichyl phosphate + phosphate.


gorgonopsian

(zoology) Any member of the extinct suborder Gorgonopsia of therapsid synapsids.


drosulfakinin

drosulfakinin (countable and uncountable, plural drosulfakinins)

(biochemistry) An immunoreactive neuropeptide present in Drosophila


exodeoxyribonuclease

(biochemistry) Any of a group of esterases that catalyze the division of DNA.


ureotelism

(biochemistry) The excretion of excess nitrogen as urea


uricotelism

(biochemistry) The excretion of uric acid or its salts as a result of deamination


uromodulin

Tamm-Horsfall protein
Tamm-Horsfall protein


club cell

Named for their shape. See usage notes at Clara cell.

(anatomy, cytology) A dome-shaped cell with short microvilli, found in the bronchioles of the lungs, and capable of secreting glycosaminoglycans, in order to protect the bronchiole lining.


mammaglobin

(biochemistry) A particular secretoglobin protein, associated with breast cancer


karyosome

karyosome (countable and uncountable, plural karyosomes)

(cytology) The chromatin material inside a cell nucleus when the cell is not undergoing mitotic division.


livetin

(biochemistry) A protein found in egg yolk.


nominotypical

Motacilla alba alba is the nominotypical subspecies of the white wagtail (Motacilla alba).

(zoology, botany) Of a subspecies: nominate, having a name which repeats the species name, designating that it represents the originally described population.

Four species of the nominotypical subgenus are positively recorded from America north of Mexico... [referring to Physonota (Physonota) arizonae and three other species]

2002, Ross H. Arnett, JR, Michael C. Thomas, Paul E. Skelley, J. Howard Frank, American Beetles, Volume II, page 646:

(zoology, botany) Of a subgenus or other infrageneric taxon: having a name which repeats the genus name, indicating that it includes the type species. For older botanical subgeneric and sectional names, it is sometimes prefixed with Eu-.


pittosporaceous

From translingual Pittosporaceae + -ous.

(botany, relational) Of or relating to the Pittosporaceae.


Kovac's reagent

Invented by the Hungarian-Swiss chemist Ervin Kovats (Kovacs) (1927–2010).

hydrochloric acid
hydrochloric acid#English

(biochemistry) A biochemical reagent consisting of isoamyl alcohol, paradimethylaminobenzaldehyde and concentrated hydrochloric acid.


extranidal

The first extranidal task, a foraging trip, is performed after the second or third orientation flight. The young worker may collect various types of loads, such as nest materials, food, and water […]

1991, Kenneth G. Ross, Robert W. Matthews, The Social Biology of Wasps, page 247:


pseudofruit

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-pseudofruit.wav

(botany) A fruit which includes tissue not derived from the ovary but from some adjacent tissue.


drepanium

(botany) A helicoid cyme whose successive pedicels are aligned on the same plane.


rhipidium

From Ancient Greek ῥιπίς (rhipís, “fan”) + -ium.

af

(botany) A scorpioid cyme whose successive pedicels follow a zigzag path on the same plane.


heterothetic

(botany, of a compound raceme inflorescence) Not ending with a final raceme.


anthela

(botany) A cymose corymb with the lateral flowers higher than the central ones.

antela

a cymose corymb with the lateral flowers higher than the central ones


calathid

(botany) The flower head of an asteraceous plant.


carbamino

(biochemistry, attributive) Designating a compound composed by the addition of carbon dioxide to a free amino group in an amino acid or a protein, such as hemoglobin forming carbaminohemoglobin.


catagenesis

(biology) Retrogressive evolution, as contrasted with anagenesis.


carnosinase

(biochemistry) An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of Xaa!His dipeptides.


peptidyl-glycinamidase

(biochemistry) An enzyme that catalyzes the cleavage of C-terminal glycinamide from polypeptides.


cellohexaose

(biochemistry) An oligosaccharide, consisting of six glucose residues, formed by hydrolysis of cellulose.


cercomonad

(zoology) A small flagellate of the order Cercomonadida, widespread in aqueous habitats and common in soils.


chenopodium

(botany) Any member of the flowering plant genus Chenopodium.


chenopodiaceous

(botany) Of or relating to the family Chenopodiaceae (goosefoots) (now subfamily Chenopodioideae).


chlorophyllase

en-noun

chlorophyllase (countable and uncountable, plural chlorophyllases)

(biochemistry) The main enzyme in chlorophyll metabolism; the catalyst for the hydrolysis of chlorophyll to produce chlorophyllide and phytol.


chromophobic

en-adj

chromophobic (comparative more chromophobic, superlative most chromophobic)

more chromophobic (comparative)
most chromophobic (superlative)


clostripain

It was isolated from Clostridium histolyticum.

(biochemistry) Any of a family of proteinases that cleaves proteins on the carboxyl peptide bond of arginine.


cobalt chelatase

(biochemistry) An enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction ATP + hydrogenobyrinic acid a,c-diamide + Co²⁺ + H₂O ⇌ ADP + phosphate + cob(II)yrinic acid a,c-diamide + H⁺.


creatininase

(biochemistry) An amidohydrolase enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of creatinine to creatine, which can then be metabolised to urea and sarcosine by creatinase.


crithidial

(zoology) Of or relating to the Crithidia.


cytohet

(genetics) A eukaryotic cell whose non-nucleic genome is heterozygous.


cytomere

(biology) A structure formed when the contents of a single large schizont are separated into multiple daughter cells in the course of schizogony.


heterophilia

(biology) Ability to react immunologically with material from another species.


cotype

(taxonomy, dated) A syntype or paratype.


saimirine

(zoology) Of or relating to the Saimirinae.


sepiapterin reductase

(biochemistry) An enzyme that catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of various carbonyl substances, including derivatives of pteridines.


sexduction

(biology) A form of bacterial conjugation involving the F-plasmid.


SMAC

en-noun

SMAC (countable and uncountable, plural SMACs)

(biology, countable) Abbreviation of second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases (“Diablo homolog”)., a component of the apoptosis pathway.

(biology, countable) Abbreviation of supramolecular activation cluster., the structure comprising the immunological synapse


spirurian

(zoology) Belonging to the nematode subclass Spiruria.


aspidospondyly

(zoology) The condition of having the centra of the vertebra arranged in separate ossifications.


holospondyly

(zoology) The condition of having the centra of the vertebra fused together.


syndesis

syndesis (usually uncountable, plural syndeses)

Initially in cytology from German Syndesis, coined by Valentin Häcker in 1904 from Ancient Greek σύνδεσις (súndesis, “binding, joining”), from συνδεῖν (sundeîn, “to join, to bind”) + -σῐς (-sĭs, “-sis: forming nouns”), from σῠν- (sŭn-, “together”) + δεῖν (deîn, “to bind, to tie”). Equivalent to syn- + -desis.

der

(cytology, obsolete) Synonym of synapsis, the pairing of chromosomes during cellular reproduction.


spireme

(dated, biochemistry) the tangled mass of strands of chromatin seen in the early stages of mitosis, originally believed to be a single continuous strand (or two in a diploid cell, etc.)


radiculous

For quotations using this term, see Citations:radiculous.

(botany, medicine, uncommon) Of or pertaining to a radicle (nerve root, or rudimentary shoot of a plant from which a root is developed downward).


hymenophyllaceous

(botany) Belonging or relating to the family Hymenophyllaceae.


argininosuccinic

The patient was diagnosed with argininosuccinic aciduria.

argininosuccinic acid
argininosuccinic acid

(biochemistry) Relating to argininosuccinic acid.


inland taipan

(zoology) Oxyuranus microlepidotus, a highly venomous snake endemic to semiarid regions of central east Australia.


thermitase

Obtained from Thermoactinomyces vulgaris. See -ase.

(biochemistry) A peptidase enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of proteins.


genocopy

en-verb

genocopy (third-person singular simple present genocopies, present participle genocopying, simple past and past participle genocopied)

genocopies (present singular third-person)
genocopying (participle present)
genocopied (participle past)
genocopied (past)


trichochrome

(biochemistry) Any of a class of pigments related to melanin and found in human hair.


thromboblast

(cytology) A precursor to a platelet/thrombocyte.


amphitropous

(botany) Having the ovule bent so that the ends are near each other.


androgynophore

(botany) A stalk bearing both the androecium and the gynoecium of a flower above the level of insertion of the perianth.


anisomery

(botany) The condition of having a floral whorl with a different (usually smaller) number of parts than the other floral whorls.


bipinnatisect

(botany) pinnatisect, with deeply dissected segments


calycophyll

(botany) A leaf-like structure formed from a sepal or calyx lobe which enlarges, usually many-fold, before or after anthesis, especially when most of the sepals or calyx lobes retain their original size.


casual alien

(botany) A plant that appears with no apparent human assistance but does not develop a sustained population.


conflorescence

(botany) An inflorescence whose overall structure substantially differs from that of the individual branches of the inflorescence.


costapalmate

(botany, of a leaf) Having a definite costa, but with the leaflets arranged radially as in a palmate leaf.


indigen

Variant of indigene. In a botanical sense first used by Liberty Hyde Bailey in 1918.

(botany) A plant known to be indigenous to a region, rather than a cultigen.


cyathophyll

(botany) The bract-like structure of a euphorbia on which the involucre sits, usually but not always occurring in twos. They may sometimes be brightly coloured and confused with petals.


jugary

(botany, of a gland) Occurring on the rachis of a bipinnate leaf at the junction or attachment of pairs of pinnae or pinnules, as in some acacias.


dichasium

From New Latin dichasium, from di- + Ancient Greek χάσις (khásis, “chasm, separation”).

af

(botany) A cymose inflorescence with all branches below the terminal flower in regular opposite pairs.


homochlamydeous

(botany) Having the perianth not divided into calyx and corolla.


discolorous

(botany, of leaves) Having upper and lower surfaces of different colours.


enantiostyly

(botany) The condition in which the gynoecium protrudes laterally, either to the right or to the left of the androecium.


exotesta

(botany) The outer layer of the testa, derived from the outer integument of the ovule.


mutic

en-adj

mutic (comparative more mutic, superlative most mutic)

more mutic (comparative)
most mutic (superlative)

Pollen masses applied to the dilated tops of the corpuscles of the stigma, solitary, or composed of 4 confluent ones. Stigma almost mutic.

1875, John Claudius Loudon, Trees and Shrubs:

(botany, dated) Having no pointed process or awn; awnless.

Tibiae frequently mutic and very distinctly more slender toward its apex.

1922, Burle Jackson Jones, The Wing Veins of Insects, volume 1, page 202:

(zoology, dated) Lacking certain defensive structures, such as spines or claws.


gynomonoecious

(botany) Having bisexual flowers and female flowers on the same plant.


hypothallus

(botany) The outgrowth of hyphae from under the margin of the thallus of a crustose lichen, connecting the island-like areoles into a single lichen.


orthopteroid

/ɔːˈθɒptəɹɔɪd/

Beccaloni brought his centipede back to the Natural History Museum in London, where he works as a curator of orthopteroids, an order of insects which include crickets and praying mantises.

2016 July 1, Oliver Holmes, The Guardian:

(entomology) Any of the insects historically included in the order Orthoptera, including the cockroaches, earwigs, praying mantises, etc.


overdominant

overdominant (comparative more overdominant, superlative most overdominant)

more overdominant (comparative)
most overdominant (superlative)


goodeniaceous

(botany, relational) Of or relating to the Goodeniaceae.


interjugary

(botany) Being or relating to glands occurring along the leaf rachis between the pinnae (occurring below the single, and often slightly larger, gland at or just below the insertion of the pinnae) in pinnate leaves.


lauroid

lauroid (comparative more lauroid, superlative most lauroid)

more lauroid (comparative)
most lauroid (superlative)

lauroid leaves

(botany) Resembling or characteristic of a laurel.


mesophyllous

(botany) Of moist habitats and having mostly large and soft leaves


microstrobilus

(botany) The smaller of two kinds of cones or strobili produced by gymnosperms, being male and producing the pollen.


midvein

(botany) The main vein of a simple leaf or leaflet, running from the petiole to its apex, and from which the other veins usually spread.


thanatomicrobiome

What happens to these cells after human host death, defined here as the thanatomicrobiome (i.e., thanatos-, Greek defn., death), is not clear.

2014 August 1, Ismail Can, Gulnaz T. Javan, Alexander E. Pozhitkov, Peter A. Noble, “Distinctive thanatomicrobiome signatures found in the blood and internal organs of humans”, in Journal of Microbiological Methods, →DOI:

Future studies should collect data based on these variables to investigate the thanatomicrobiome of the decomposing tissue in addition to soil microbiome interactions.

2015, K A Perrault, T Rai, B H Stuart, S L Forbes, “Seasonal comparison of carrion volatiles in decomposition soil using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography–time of flight mass spectrometry”, in Analytical Methods:

There is currently a paucity of explorations of the thanatomicrobiome (thanatos-, Greek for death) and epinecrotic communities (microbial communities residing in and/or moving on the surface of decomposing remains).

2016 February 24, Gulnaz T. Javan, Sheree J. Finley, Zain Abidin, Jennifer G. Mulle, “The Thanatomicrobiome: A Missing Piece of the Microbial Puzzle of Death”, in Frontiers in Microbiology:

Thanatomicrobiome studies suggest that microbial succession after death may have the potential to reveal important postmortem biomarkers for the identification of time of death.

2018 May 10, Courtnee Bell, Jeremy Wilkinson, BK Robertson, Gulnaz T. Javan, “Sex-related differences in the thanatomicrobiome in postmortem heart samples using bacterial gene regions V1-2 and V4”, in Leterrs of Applied in Microbiology:

(biology) The microbiome existing in a mammalian host after it dies.


fructanohydrolase

The fructans of the inulin series are hydrolyzed by fructanohydrolases which attack the P-(2, 1 )-fructofuranoside linkages at the nonreducing chain ends with the release of fructose.

1987, David W. Newman, Kenneth G. Wilson, Models in Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, volume 1, page 87:

These enzymes are designated as -2,1-β-D-fructan-fructanohydrolases (EC 3.2.1.7).

1996, International Dairy Federation, Bulletin, volumes 309-328, page 26:

Two types of exoinulinases (2, 1-β-D-fructan fructanohydrolase EC 3.2.1.7) were later identified and purified from C. pannorum AHU 9700 (Xiao et al., 1989).

2008, Arun Dev Sharma, “Chapter 4: Advances in Microbial Inulases: Its Production and Properties”, in Jerrod M. Cantor, editor, Progress in Food Engineering Research and Development, page 183:

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of a fructan.


levanase

(biochemistry) levan hydrolase, an enzyme that catalyses the random hydrolysis of (2->6)-beta-D-fructofuranosidic linkages in (2->6)-beta-D-fructans (levans) containing more than three fructose units.


triplinerved

(botany, of leaves) Having three main nerves with the lateral nerves arising from the midnerve above the base of the leaf.


trullate

From Latin trulla (“small laddle, trowel”) + -ate (adjective-forming suffix).

af

(botany) Ovate but angled, like a bricklayer's trowel; inverse kite-shaped.


trophophyll

(botany) A vegetative, nutrient-producing leaf or microphyll, whose primary function is photosynthesis.


pachycaulous

Some of the herbaceous forms relate, like the banana, directly to the pachycaulous, others to the leptocaulous.

2002, E. J. H. Corner, The Life of Plants, page 275:

(botany) Relating to a pachycaul; having a thick stem and few branches.


pachycladous

en-adj

pachycladous (comparative more pachycladous, superlative most pachycladous)

more pachycladous (comparative)
most pachycladous (superlative)

(botany) Having disproportionately thick stems.


papilionate

From Latin pāpiliō(n) (“butterfly”) + -ate (adjective-forming suffix).

af

(botany) Butterfly-like, with a corolla, as that of a pea.


paraperigonium

(botany) An anomalous secondary outgrowth of the perianthal meristem with ramifying vasculature.


pauciflorous

(botany) Having few flowers per inflorescence.


pluriflorous

(botany) Having many flowers per inflorescence.


pluriovulate

en-adj

pluriovulate (comparative more pluriovulate, superlative most pluriovulate)

more pluriovulate (comparative)
most pluriovulate (superlative)

From pluri- (“several”) + ovule + -ate (adjective-forming suffix).


phyllopodium

(botany) The part of the stipe that is proximal or basal of the articulation (joint) and remains attached to the rhizome after the frond has detached from the articulation.


pseudoverticillate

(botany) Appearing to be verticillate, but not actually so.


scapose

(botany) Having the floral axis more or less erect but with only a few leaves or devoid of leaves; consisting of a scape.


stenospermocarpy

(botany) The development or production of fruit that is seedless or has minute seeds because of the abortion of seed development


synaptospermy

(botany) The dispersal of diaspores as units, where each bears more than one seed.


plastochron

(botany) The time between successive leaf initiation events.


stylodium

(botany) An elongate stigma that resembles a style.


stylulus

(botany) The elongated apex of a free carpel which functions like the style of a syncarpous ovary, allowing pollen tubes from its stigma to enter the locule of only that carpel.


scabrid

en-adj

scabrid (comparative more scabrid, superlative most scabrid)

more scabrid (comparative)
most scabrid (superlative)


-plinerved

(botany, of leaves) Indicating that the main nerves are lateral and arise from a point distinctly above the base of the leaf. Combined with a numerical prefix: 3-plinerved, 5-plinerved, etc.


poetaz

(botany, attributive) Being or relating to hybrids of the plants Narcissus poeticus and Narcissus tazetta.


rufofuscous

rufofuscous (comparative more rufofuscous, superlative most rufofuscous)

more rufofuscous (comparative)
most rufofuscous (superlative)


etheostomatine

(zoology) Belonging to the Etheostomatinae.


premolt

en-verb

premolt (third-person singular simple present premolts, present participle premolting, simple past and past participle premolted)

premolts (present singular third-person)
premolting (participle present)
premolted (participle past)
premolted (past)

(biology, zoology) To undergo the period prior to an animal molting its exoskeleton, shell, skin, etc.


cellularize

cellularize (third-person singular simple present cellularizes, present participle cellularizing, simple past and past participle cellularized)

cellularizes (present singular third-person)
cellularizing (participle present)
cellularized (participle past)
cellularized (past)

(biology, transitive) To separate into distinct cells.


metakinesis

(biology, historical) According to C. Lloyd Morgan, a hypothetical property possessed by all types of life of being endowed with something that is not consciousness but has the potentiality of developing into consciousness.


erythroxylaceous

(botany) Belonging or relating to the Erythroxylaceae.


beryciform

(zoology) Belonging to the Beryciformes, an order of ray-finned fishes


orobanchaceous

(botany) Belonging to the family Orobanchaceae, plants mostly parasitic on the roots of other plants.


enoplid

(zoology) Any nematode in the order Enoplida.


pythiosis

(pathology, zoology) Infection by the mold Pythium insidiosum.


ethanolaminephosphotransferase

(biochemistry) A transferase enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction CDP-ethanolamine + 1,2-diacylglycerol ⇌ CMP + a phosphatidylethanolamine.


volubilate

en-adj

volubilate (comparative more volubilate, superlative most volubilate)

more volubilate (comparative)
most volubilate (superlative)


vesicointestinal

(biology, medicine) Synonym of intestinovesical.


vesicoenteric

vesicoenteric fistulas


colovesical

colovesical fistulas

(biology, medicine) Synonym of vesicocolic.


vesicocolic

vesicocolic fistulas

(biology, medicine) Relating to the urinary bladder and the colon, usually with reference to a fistula therebetween.


mastigophoran

(zoology) Any member of superclass Mastigophora of protozoa.

(botany) Any member of the genus Mastigophora of liverworts.


rotatorial

(zoology) Of or relating to the Rotatoria.


rotaliine

(zoology) Belonging or relating to the Rotaliina.


notopod

The notopods begin on the second or third segment and the neuropods are very variable in their segment of origin, being sometimes altogether absent from the anterior region.

1935, John Roxborough Norman, Coast Fishes: South Atlantic:

(zoology) In Latreille's system, a brachyurous decapod crustacean, such as a crab of the genera Homola, Dorippe, Dromia, Dynomene, Ranina.

(entomology) An elaterid; a click beetle.


hen of the woods

en-noun

hen of the woods (plural hens of the woods)

hens of the woods (plural)
hen-of-the-woods (alternative)

(mycology) An edible polypore mushroom, Grifola frondosa


cresolase

monophenol monooxygenase
monophenol monooxygenase


amaryllid

From the genus name Amaryllis, ultimately from Ancient Greek ἀμαρύσσω (amarússō, “dazzle”).

der

(botany) Any of the family Amaryllidaceae; an amaryllidaceous plant.


immunoproteasome

(biochemistry) A proteasome assembled using alternative β form subunits in response to pro-inflammatory signals


subarticulate

(biology) Partly or imperfectly articulate.


zoochorous

From zoochore + -ous or zoo- + -chorous.

(botany) Of or relating to zoochores or zoochory.


quamoclit

Also, quamoclits fit well into window boxes, especially when paired with other vines such as thunbergia, and they will cascade over a wall or spread over the ground, low shrubs and rocks.

1990, Jennifer Bennett, Turid Forsyth, The Harrowsmith annual garden:

(botany) Any plant of the former genus Quamoclit.


thunbergia

/θʌnˈbɜːrdʒiə/

Named after Carl Peter Thunberg, a Swedish botanist.

(botany) Any member of the genus Thunbergia of flowering plants.

susanna

any member of the genus Thunbergia of flowering plants


dGTPase

(biochemistry) A hydrolase enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction dGTP + H₂O ⇌ deoxyguanosine + triphosphate.


Tyrrhenia

Via Latin Tyrrhēnia from Ancient Greek Τυρρηνῐ́ᾱ (Turrhēnĭ́ā).

(geology, paleogeography) A large landmass in the western Mediterranean basin.


narcomedusa

Some narcomedusae develop as parasitic stolons in or on other jellyfish species; young medusae are budded from these stolons.

2016, Lisa-Ann Gershwin, “Battering ram jellies”, in Jellyfish: A Natural History, page 84:

(zoology) Any of the Narcomedusae, an order of hydrozoans in the subclass Trachylinae.


mygalomorph

clipping

translingual <i class="Latn mention" lang="mul">Mygalomorphae</i>

(zoology) Any member of the infraorder Mygalomorphae of spiders with parallel, downward-running fangs.


euhymenium

(mycology) Hymenium in which the basidia are among the first elements formed.