subelliptical

en-adj

subelliptical (comparative more subelliptical, superlative most subelliptical)

more subelliptical (comparative)
most subelliptical (superlative)

(biology) Somewhat elliptical in shape; approaching an ellipse.


membrane potential

en-noun

membrane potential (plural membrane potentials)

(biology) The difference in electrical potential across the enclosing membrane of a cell


sodium channel

(biochemistry) A system of proteins that transports sodium ions through cell membranes


acanthopore

/əˈkæn.θəˌpɔɹ/

(paleontology) A tubular spine in some bryozoans.


acanthopt

From translingual Acanthopteri (a genus of fish).

der

(ichthyology) A member of the taxonomic superorder of fish, Acanthopterygii.


skotomorphogenesis

(botany) The development of a seedling in the dark.


scotoperiod

scotoperiods (plural)
skotoperiod (alternative)

(biology) The period of darkness, or absence of daylight, experienced by an organism.


acanthosoma

en-noun

acanthosoma (plural acanthosomas or acanthosomata)

acanthosomas (plural)
acanthosomata (plural)

From acantho- (“spiny”) + -soma (“one having such a body”).


acanthostyle

From acantho- (“spine”) + style (“animal part felt to resemble a pillar”).

prefix

(zoology) A spicule with tiny spines from monaxon sponges.


acanthous

en-adj

acanthous (comparative more acanthous, superlative most acanthous)

more acanthous (comparative)
most acanthous (superlative)

From acanth- (“spine”) + -ous (“having”).


scopeloid

scopeloid (comparative more scopeloid, superlative most scopeloid)

more scopeloid (comparative)
most scopeloid (superlative)

(zoology, dated) Relating to fishes of the former genus Scopelus, or the former family Scopelidae, including many lanternfish.


scopeloid

(zoology, dated) Any fish of the former family Scopelidae.


choriovitelline

(biology) Relating to the chorion and yolk.


paniculated

paniculated (comparative more paniculated, superlative most paniculated)

more paniculated (comparative)
most paniculated (superlative)


pentandrous

From New Latin pentandrus, from penta- + -andrus (“-androus”).

(botany) Of or relating to the Linnean class Pentandria; having five stamens.


pentandrian

(botany) Of or relating to the class Pentandria; having five stamens.


SERCA

Initialism from sarcoplasmic reticulum / endoplasmic reticulum / calcium ATPase

(biochemistry) A calcium ATPase of type P-ATPase


phytochorion

Adjacent phytochoria do not usually have a sharp boundary, but rather a soft one, a transitional area in which many species from both regions overlap.

(biogeography) A geographic area with a relatively uniform composition of plant species.


mylodon

From the genus name, from Ancient Greek μύλη (múlē, “mill”) + -odon.

(zoology) Any of the extinct genus †Mylodon of giant ground sloths of Patagonia.


cormus

From Ancient Greek κορμός (kormós, “trunk of a tree with the boughs cut off”), from κείρω (keírō, “shear”).

uder

(biology) An organism made up of a number of individuals, such as, for example, would be formed by a process of budding from a parent stalk where the buds remain attached.


edental

Coined by English philosopher and historian of science William Whewell in 1840, as both an adjective and noun.


serpula

(zoology) Any of numerous species of tubicolous annelids of the genus Serpula and allied genera of the family Serpulidae that secrete a calcareous tube, usually irregularly contorted, but sometimes spirally coiled, with a wreath of plumelike and often bright-colored gills around its head, and usually an operculum to close the aperture of its tube when it retracts.


caliculate

en-adj

caliculate (comparative more caliculate, superlative most caliculate)

more caliculate (comparative)
most caliculate (superlative)


phylon

From Late Latin phȳlon (a synonym of tribus), from Ancient Greek φῦλον (phûlon, “race, tribe”); see phylum.


proostracum

From Ancient Greek προ- (pro-, “before”) + ὄστρᾰκον (óstrăkon, “shell”).

(paleontology) The anterior prolongation of the guard of the phragmocone of belemnites and allied fossil cephalopods, whether horny or calcareous.


adactyly

(biology, medicine) Congenital absence of the digits (the fingers or toes).


chromophile

(cytology) Any cell that can be easily stained.


autopathy

The reduction in soil water status and the cessation of sand movement are considered to be important factors in the decline of the A. ordosica community. The importance of allelopathy, and in particular autopathy, in preventing seedling growth of A. ordosica is also discussed.

1996, Commonwealth Bureau of Soil Science, Soils and fertilizers, volume 59, page 554:

(biology) An interaction where a species affects its own subsequent growth, especially negatively.


podophthalmous

(archaic, zoology) stalk-eyed (said formerly of crustaceans in the former group Podophthalmia)


foldase

(biochemistry) An enzyme that catalyzes protein folding.


porcellaneous

en-adj

porcellaneous (comparative more porcellaneous, superlative most porcellaneous)

more porcellaneous (comparative)
most porcellaneous (superlative)
porcelaneous (alternative)

porcellaneous content

(zoology) Having a smooth, compact shell without pores; said of certain Foraminifera.


parietary

Latin parietaria (“the herb pellitory (noun)”), from parietarius (“of or belonging to a wall (adjective)”). Compare pellitory, parietal.

(botany) Any of several species of Parietaria.


actinula

From Ancient Greek ἀκτίς (aktís, “ray”) (genitive ἀκτῖνος (aktînos)) + -ula.

(zoology) A kind of embryo of certain hydroids (Tubularia), having a stellate form.


pointal

From point: compare French pointal (“an upright wooden prop”), Old French pointille (“a prick or prickle”).

cog

(obsolete, botany) The pistil of a plant.


apterium

From a- + Ancient Greek πτερόν (pterón, “feather”) + -ium. Compare Ancient Greek ἄπτερος (ápteros, “featherless”).

cog

The two halves of the lower cervical tract are still separated by an apterium 4 mm. wide, as in the young bird, but contour feathers are now present on the chin and upper throat, so that they are united at their upper ends.

1918, American Ornithologists' Union, The Auk:

(ornithology) An area of bare (featherless) skin on a bird.


potamian

Ancient Greek ποτᾰ́μιος (potắmios, “of or from a river”), from ποτᾰμός (potămós, “river”).

uder

(zoology, dated) A softshell turtle (family Trionychidae)


caudicula

en-noun

caudicula (plural caudiculas or caudiculae)


caudicle

caudicles (plural)
caudicula (alternative)

Diminutive of Latin cauda (“tail, appendage”).

A pollinium when highly developed consists of a mass of pollen-grains, affixed to an elastic foot-stalk or caudicle, and this to a little mass of extremely viscid matter.

1858, Charles Darwin, The Origin of Species, volume 2, Harvard Classics Edition, published 1909, page 251:

The structure of the rostellum and caudicles of the pollinia are worth noting. There are four pollinia, separated into two pairs. Each pair is attached to a long caudicle ending in a mass of sticky material or a distinct, viscid disc, except that in one species, I. intermedia, the two caudicles share a viscid disc. The rostellum in all species has two projections on which the caudicles lie.

1996, Rebecca Tyson Northen, Miniature Orchids and How to Grow Them, page 86:

The caudicle holds the pollen grains together (Proctor and Harder 1994; Fig. 1).

2000, E. Pacini, G. G. Franchi, “Types of Pollen Dispersal Units in Monocots”, in Karen Wilson, David Morrison, editors, Monocots: Systematics and Evolution, unnumbered page:

(botany) A slender, elastic process to which the masses of pollen in orchidaceous plants are attached.


merithallus

From New Latin merithallus, from Ancient Greek μερίς (merís, “part”) + θαλλός (thallós, “branch”).

In fact, in the same way that we see in the monocotyledonous embryo, which has taken all its normal expansion, a radicular mamilla which constitutes its descending system, and a cauliculus, a cotyledon, and its support, which form together its ascending system, in the same manner also we see in the more advanced plant the root which represents the radicle, that is to say, the descending system, and the merithallus with the leaf and its petiole, which represent the cauliculus, the cotyledon, together with its support, that is to say, the ascending system.

1835 December 21, M. Mirrel, “Report on a Memoir of M. Gaudichaud, relative to the Development and Growth of the Stems, Leaves, and other Organs of Plants”, in The London and Edinburgh Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science, volume IX, page 373:

[…]but when we examine the increase of this branch in part, we see, with Cassini, that each merithallus, or internode, grows principally by its lower part[…]

1841, Augustin Pyramus de Candolle, “Of the Stem of Vascular Plants”, in Boughton Kingdon, transl., Vegetable Organography: Or, An Analytical Description of the Organs of Plants, 2nd edition, volume I, London: Houlston & Stoneman, translation of Théorie élémentaire de la botanique (in French), page 178:

Prof. F. Delpino regards the leaf, not as an independent organ, but as a section of a merithallus, the free projecting portion of a cone of growth, the remaining elements of which are closely united with one another to form the axial shoot.

1892, “Metamorphosis and Idiomorphosis”, in Journal of the Royal Microscopical Society, page 815:


trebouxoid

en-adj

trebouxoid (comparative more trebouxoid, superlative most trebouxoid)

more trebouxoid (comparative)
most trebouxoid (superlative)


core eudicot

(botany) A plant or taxonomic grouping that is within the clade core eudicots.


muticous

muticous (comparative more muticous, superlative most muticous)

more muticous (comparative)
most muticous (superlative)

Latin muticus, for mutilus. See mutilate.

(botany, zoology) Without a point or pointed end; blunt.


agrotransformation

From agro- (“short for Agrobacterium”) + transformation.

affix

(genetics) Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, usually performed on plants to introduce new genes


clinium

From Late Latin, from Ancient Greek κλίνη (klínē, “bed”).


scleroderm

Ancient Greek σκληρόδερμος (sklēródermos, “with hard skin”); by surface analysis, sclero- + -derm.

uder

σκληρόδερμος

(zoology, obsolete) One of a tribe of plectognath fishes (Sclerodermi) having the skin covered with hard scales, or plates, such as the cowfish and trunkfish.

(zoology, obsolete) One of the Sclerodermata; a madrepore.


gaura

Blossoms that flower atop willowy weedy stems such as forget-me-nots, delphiniums, and gauras should be thought of as two-dayers; they don't draw water well or retain preservatives.

1996, Rayford Clayton Reddell, Full bloom: thoughts from an opinionated gardener, page 66:

(botany) Any flowering plant of the Oenothera sect. Gaura (formerly the genus Gaura in the family Onagraceae, including many beeblossoms.


corcule

corcules (plural)
corcle (alternative)
corculum (alternative)

Latin corculum (“a little heart”), diminutive of cor (“heart”).

(botany, obsolete) The heart of the seed; the embryo or germ.


muraenoid

en-adj

muraenoid (comparative more muraenoid, superlative most muraenoid)

more muraenoid (comparative)
most muraenoid (superlative)
murenoid (alternative)

(zoology) Belongingto the moray eels (genus Muraena) or others in family Muraenidae.


mycoderma

en-noun

mycoderma (plural mycodermas or mycodermata)

mycodermas (plural)
mycodermata (plural)

(biology) One of the forms in which bacteria group themselves; a layer of motionless but living bacteria united on the surface of the fluid in which they are developed, differing from the zoogloea stage by not having the intermediate mucous substance.


nitrite reductase

nitrite reductase (plural nitrite reductases)

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyses the reduction of nitrite ions


hydroxymethyltransferase

hydroxymethyltransferase (countable and uncountable, plural hydroxymethyltransferases)

(biochemistry) Any transferase enzyme that transfers a hydroxymethyl group.


dipterocarpaceous

(botany) Of or relating to the family Dipterocarpaceae.


monerula

From New Latin monerula, diminutive of moner. So called from its likeness to a moner.

The Monerula, as we may call this egg-cytod without a kernel, repeats then, according to the biogenetic principle

1883, Ernst Haeckel, The History of Creation:

(biology) A germ in that stage of development in which its form is simply a non-nucleated mass of protoplasm.


amphicoelous

en-adj

amphicoelous (comparative more amphicoelous, superlative most amphicoelous)

more amphicoelous (comparative)
most amphicoelous (superlative)
amphicœlous (alternative)

From Ancient Greek ἀμφίκοιλος (amphíkoilos, “hollowed on both sides”). By surface analysis, amphi- + -coelous.

lbor

amphicoelous centrum

amphicoelous vertebra

amphicoelous surface

(zoology, of vertebrae) Having both ends concave; biconcave.


epimeron

From Ancient Greek ἐπι- (epi-, “upon”) + μέρος (méros, “a part”).

prefix

(zoology) In crustaceans, the part of the side of a somite external to the basal joint of each appendage.

(entomology) In insects, the lateral piece behind the episternum.


(biochemistry) Ellipsis of hemoglobin A1C (“glycated hemoglobin”).

alpha-1C adrenergic receptor
alpha-1C adrenergic receptor#English

(biochemistry) Ellipsis of A1C receptor (“alpha-1C adrenergic receptor”)..


entomostracean

(zoology, dated) Any of the Entomostraca, a historical subclass of crustaceans.


soboles

A soboles is a [...] creeping under-ground stem, sending roots from one part and leaf-buds from another, as in Couch grass, […]

1851, John Hutton Balfour, A Manual of Botany, page 35:

Producing young plants from a soboles.

1860, Robert Fowler, The medical vocabulary, page 306:

(botany, archaic) A shoot that runs along underground and forms new plants at short distances.

(botany, archaic) A sucker, as of a tree or shrub.


tetrodon

tetrodons (plural)
tetradont (alternative)

(zoology) Any of numerous species of plectognath fishes belonging to Tetraodon and allied genera.


elliptocyte

(biology) An elliptical cell, in particular an elliptical RBC.


trochilus

en-noun

trochilus (plural trochiluses or trochili)

From Latin trochilus (“a kind of small bird”), from Ancient Greek τροχίλος (trokhílos), from τρέχω (trékhō, “to run”).

bor

(zoology) Any member of the hummingbird genus Trochilus.


turio

/ˈtjʊəɹi.əʊ/

(botany) A shoot or sprout from the ground.


viruliferous

en-adj

viruliferous (comparative more viruliferous, superlative most viruliferous)

more viruliferous (comparative)
most viruliferous (superlative)

Circumstantial evidence suggests that heavy infestation by viruliferous aphids can overcome the highest degree of host plant resistance.

1968, M. J. Crampton and L. E. Watts, "Genetic Studies of Pea Leaf-Roll (Top-Yellows) Virus Resistance in Pisum sativum," New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, vol, 11, no. 4, p. 773 (Google preview)

Viruliferous curl mites increase during summer on volunteer wheat, and are carried by air currents into the new wheat crop.

1992 September 3, “Farmers concerned about frost, wheat ready for planting”, in McCook Daily Gazette, retrieved 2013-03-06, page 8:

Maize streak virus, an endemic pathogen of native African grasses, was then carried to maize plants by viruliferous leafhoppers.

2007 July 10, “Resistant variety of maize giving some hope”, in The Hindu, retrieved 2013-03-06:

(biology, agriculture) Virus-carrying, especially of insects which infest agricultural crops.


lipometabolism

en-noun

lipometabolism (countable and uncountable, plural lipometabolisms)

(biochemistry) The metabolism of fats and other lipids


antinutritious

en-adj

antinutritious (comparative more antinutritious, superlative most antinutritious)

more antinutritious (comparative)
most antinutritious (superlative)

(biochemistry) Interfering with the absorption or metabolism of a nutrient.


spirobacterium

(bacteriology, dated) Any bacterium found in spiral filaments, such as the genus Vibrio.


epiligrin

(biochemistry) laminin 5, the major human keratinocyte integrin ligand


pneumatization

en-noun

pneumatization (countable and uncountable, plural pneumatizations)

(biology) The formation of air cavities, as in bones or a sinus


choana

Borrowing from New Latin choana, from Ancient Greek χοᾰ́νη (khoắnē, “funnel”), from χέω (khéō, “to pour”) + -ᾰ́νη (-ắnē, suffix for utensil names).

af

The choanal glands of caecilians open at the margin of the choanae, whereas those of salamanders open deep within the choanae at the margin of the olfactory epithelium.

1986, William E. Duellman, Biology of Amphibians, page 409:

Zuckerkandl (1893) gives far and away the greatest measurements for the choanae; Hopmann (1895) reported that in man the choana has a mean height of 27 mm, and a mean width of 13 mm (Merkel, 1896); in women it measures 25 x 12mm. These values agree closely with our findings.

1989, Johannes Lang, translated by P. M. Stell, Clinical Anatomy of the Nose, Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses, page 103:

Inside of this area it is possible to identify clearly two parallel echonegative zones, which belong to the nasal cavities (choanas) and are placed on both sides of a medial structure, considerably echogenic, which corresponds to nasal bridge (Fig. 2.12.)

2006, José María Carrera, Asim Kurjak, Donald School: Atlas of Clinical Application of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology, India: Jaypee Brothers, page 14:

The bony rim of the posterior choana is located by passing the 4-mm microdebrider blade through the posterior ethmoids and into the nasopharynx. The tip of the microdebrider blade is pushed against the mucosa just above the bony choanae on the anterior face of the sphenoid.

2008, Peter-John Wormald, Endoscopic Sinus Surgery, 2nd edition, page 111:

(anatomy, zootomy) A pair of apertures towards the back of the nasal cavity, opening into the nasopharynx.


Boreal

(geology, paleontology) A subdivision of the Holocene epoch.


Tarantian

(geology, paleontology) A subdivision of the Pleistocene epoch.


Gelasian

From Italian Gelasiano, the adjectival form of Gela, a town in Sicily near the reference stratotype.


Piacenzian

(geology, paleontology) A subdivision of the Pliocene epoch.


Zanclean

From Ancient Greek Ζάγκλη (Zánklē), the name originally given to the city of Messina, Sicily, by its ancient Greek founders. (Compare Messinian, the preceding age.)

1881, "A. W. W.", Notices of Memoirs: I.—Tertiary Geology of the Reggiano (Calabria), in Henry Woodward (editor), Geological Magazine, New Series, Decade 2, Volume 8, Trübner & Co., page 324,
The Pliocene is found at a much greater elevation than any of the other Tertiary series, reaching in the Zanclean to 1200 mètres above the sea, and as the conditions of deposition were quite different here from those which obtained in north Italy, the series in one part of the peninsula forms a complement to those in the other.

In the first case the Early Pliocene coincides with the Zanclean and its upper boundary with the last occurrence of Globorotalia margaritae (Mazzei et al., 1978).

1989, Silvia Iaccarino, “8: Mediterranean Miocene and Pliocene planktic foraminifera”, in Hans M. Bolli, John B. Saunders, Katharina Perch-Nielsen, editors, Plankton Stratigraphy, Volume 1, Cambridge University Press, page 288:

Warmer climates and sea level rises did not occur until the early Zanclean Pliocene (4.5 million years).

2003, Edward J. Petuch, Cenozoic Seas: The View From Eastern North America, page 135:

(geology, paleontology) A geological subdivision, the earliest age of the Pliocene epoch.


Messinian

From Messina (“Sicilian city near to where evaporite rocks of this period outcrop”) + -ian; coined by Swiss stratigrapher Karl Mayer-Eymar in 1867.

suffix

(geology, paleontology) The final subdivision of the Miocene epoch.


Tortonian

(geology, paleontology) A subdivision of the Miocene epoch.


Langhian

Named for the Langhe, Piedmont, Italy, the area where the period was first established.


Chattian

From Chatti + -an. The original type locality is in Hesse, whose name derives from "Chatti".

(geology, paleontology) A subdivision of the Oligocene epoch.


Priabonian

(geology, paleontology) A subdivision of the Eocene epoch.


Lutetian

Albert de Lapparent
Lutetian
Paris Basin

From Lutetia + -an; geological sense coined by French geologist Albert de Lapparent in reference to the Paris Basin.

There are good reasons for believing that the “Paniselian” is a local shallow-water representative of the lower part of the Lutetian.

1921, Henry Woodward, Geological Magazine, volume 58, page 198:


Thanetian

(geology, paleontology) A subdivision of the Paleocene epoch.


Santonian

Late (Upper) Cretaceous
Upper Cretaceous

(geology, paleontology) A stage or age, a subdivision of the Late (Upper) Cretaceous epoch.

Santonià

subdivision of the Late Cretaceous epoch


Coniacian

(geology, paleontology) A subdivision of the Late (Upper) Cretaceous epoch.

Coniacià

a subdivision of the Late (Upper) Cretaceous epoch


Aptian

(geology, paleontology) A subdivision of the Early (Lower) Cretaceous epoch.

Aptià

subdivision of the Early Cretaceous epoch


Tithonian

From Tithonus + -ian. Named by German paleontologist Albert Oppel in 1865. In Greek mythology, Tithonus was the lover of Eos, goddess of the dawn. The Tithonian is the last age of the Jurassic, coming immediately before the dawn of the Cretaceous.

Titonian (alternative)
Tithonic (alternative)

(geology, paleontology) A geological age or stage, from 152.1 ±0.9 to ~145.0 mya.


Kimmeridgian

(geology, paleontology) A subdivision of the Jurassic period.


Callovian

From French callovien, coined by Alcide d’Orbigny from Latin Calloviensis, from the Latinized name of the Kellaways area near Chippenham in Wiltshire, England.


Hettangian

From French Hettange, now Hettange-Grande, a commune in northeastern France, (German Hettingen, Luxembourgish (Lorraine Franconian) Hetténgen).

(geology, paleontology) The earliest age of the Jurassic period, from 199.3–201.3Ma


Ladinian

(geology, paleontology) A subdivision of the Triassic period.


Changhsingian

From Mandarin 長興 /长兴 (Chángxīng), Wade-Giles romanization: Chʻang²-hsing¹; named after Changxing County in China.

Changxingian (alternative)
Changshingian (alternative)

There is no evidence for a large drop in PCO2, and independent proxy data indicate only a minor temperature decrease of a few degrees Celsius during the Changhsingian (22), suggesting that these mechanisms alone cannot explain the pH increase (fig. S5).

2015 April 10, M. O. Clarkson, S. A. Kasemann, R. A. Wood, T. M. Lenton, S. J. Daines, S. Richoz, F. Ohnemueller, A. Meixner, S. W. Poulton, E. T. Tipper, “Ocean acidification and the Permo-Triassic mass extinction”, in Science, volume 348, number 6231, →ISSN, pages 229–230:

Anoxic/euxinic benthic marine conditions prevailed throughout the middle Wuchiapingian to the early Changhsingian at Shangsi, which persisted for 3.9 Myr (256.974–253.073 Ma). This long-term middle Wuchiapingian-early Changhsingian anoxia event could be correlated both regionally and globally, and was caused by paleogeographic restrictions, relative high sea levels, high marine productivities, and possible global climate changes.

2022 January 11, Li Yuan, “Investigating benthic marine redox conditions from late Permian to earliest Triassic”, in Phys.org, archived from the original on 2022-01-11, Earth Sciences:

(geology, paleontology) A subdivision of the Permian period.


Wuchiapingian

From the Wade–Giles romanization of Mandarin 吳家坪 /吴家坪 (Wújiāpíng, literally “Wu Family Flatland”) in Shaanxi Province in China: Wu²-chia¹-pʻing².


Gzhelian

Named after the Russian village Gzhel, + -ian.

(geology, paleontology) A subdivision of the Carboniferous period.


Visean

Named in 1832 by Belgian geologist André Dumont, after the city of Visé in the Belgian province of Liège.

Viseà

A subdivision of the Carboniferous period


Famennian

(geology, paleontology) A subdivision of the Devonian period.


Ludfordian

(geology, paleontology) A subdivision of the Silurian period.


Hirnantian

(geology, paleontology) A subdivision of the Ordovician period.


Jiangshanian

(geology, paleontology) A subdivision of the Cambrian period.


Guzhangian

From Mandarin 古丈 (Gǔzhàng, “Guzhang County”) + -ian.


Fortunian

From Fortune (town in Newfoundland) + -ian.


white rust

(phytopathology) A disease of some plants caused by the pathogen Albugo candida


baguet

(architecture, zoology) Alternative form of baguette


endectocide

Blend of endoparasite + ectoparasite + -cide

blend

(veterinary medicine) An antiparasitic drug that is active both against endoparasites and against ectoparasites.


aldehyde oxidase

en-noun

aldehyde oxidase (plural aldehyde oxidases)

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of an aldehyde to a carboxylic acid


hormonogenesis

(biochemistry) The biosynthesis of hormones


xenic

(biology, of a culture) Containing an unidentified organism, especially a bacterium.


apetaly

(botany) The condition of having no petals


kinetogenic

en-adj

kinetogenic (comparative more kinetogenic, superlative most kinetogenic)

more kinetogenic (comparative)
most kinetogenic (superlative)


primaried

(ornithology, in combination) Having a specified number or kind of primaries (kind of flight feather).


allopolyploidization

allopolyploidizations (plural)
allopolyploidisation (alternative)

(genetics) The process of allopolyploid formation


monolectic

monolectic (comparative more monolectic, superlative most monolectic)

more monolectic (comparative)
most monolectic (superlative)

(entomology) Of or relating to an insect (especially a bee) which collects pollen from the flowers of a single plant species.


septiferous

(botany) Bearing a partition; said of the valves of a capsule.


genon

The genon is defined as the coding sequence (which can then revert to being called "gene," akin to the sense of cistron, but better (less ambiguously) expresed in terms of the mRNA that is translated into a protein) together with the additional information that is needed to fully express the coding sequence. The genon is therefore more akin to a program that results in a functionally active gene product.

2015, Jeremy Ramsden, Bioinformatics: An Introduction:

Their central point is that coding information is not simply contained in the coded sequence, but is, in their terms, provided by the genon that accompanies it on the expression pathway and controls in which peptide it will end up.

2017, Rodrick Wallace, Computational Psychiatry: A Systems Biology Approach to the Epigenetics of Mental Disorders:

(genetics) A coding sequence (or gene) together with the information necessary to fully express that coding sequence, such as epigenetic factors.


sporidesmin

en-noun

sporidesmin (countable and uncountable, plural sporidesmins)

(biochemistry) Any of a class of indoles that are mycotoxins.


debranchiate

If this is the significance of septa in the nautilus, the same must be said of all nautiloid shells, and the families of Ammonites and Orthoceratites; and as the structure of the phragmacone of Belemnites is essentially similar, it must also be applied to such debranchiate shells as are chambered.

1864 October, Harry Seeley, “On the Septa and Siphuncles of Cephalopod Shells”, in The Quarterly Journal of Science, I, № iv, page 761/2:

One was wholly debranchiate, the other had but one gill plume remaining.

1934, Natural History Report: Zoology VII, British Museum, page 144

Sectioned buccal masses of several debranchiate cephalopods prepared by Mrs. von Boletzky were studied with the help of S. von Boletzky at the Laboratoire Arago in Banyuls-sur-Mer.

1988, Jost Wiedmann and Jürgen Kullmann (editors), Cephalopods Present and Past: Otto Heinrich Schindewolf Symposium, Tübingen 1985 (2nd International Cephalopod Symposium), E. Schweizerbart’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung (10) (13), page 676


tubularian

(zoology) Any hydroid belonging to the former suborder Tubularida.


illoricated

(zoology) Not loricated; lacking a hard shell.


intraterrestrial

(microbiology) a microbe which lives deep underground


trebouxioid

en-adj

trebouxioid (comparative more trebouxioid, superlative most trebouxioid)

more trebouxioid (comparative)
most trebouxioid (superlative)


apoptose

en-verb

apoptose (third-person singular simple present apoptoses, present participle apoptosing, simple past and past participle apoptosed)

apoptoses (present singular third-person)
apoptosing (participle present)
apoptosed (participle past)
apoptosed (past)

Part of the resolution of inflammation, particularly the removal of accumulated neutrophils, is because neutrophils are induced to apoptose (43).

2000, William E. Garrett, Donald T. Kirkendall, editors, Exercise and Sport Science:

(biology, cytology, ambitransitive) To cause the cell to undergo apoptosis, a process of programmed cell death.


amavadin

(biochemistry) A complex anion, containing vanadium, found in some species of Amanita mushrooms

amavadina

anion containing vanadium found in some amanitas


acanthocladous

en-adj

acanthocladous (comparative more acanthocladous, superlative most acanthocladous)

more acanthocladous (comparative)
most acanthocladous (superlative)

From acantho- + Ancient Greek κλάδος (kládos), + -ous.

(botany) describing a plant which has spiny branches


excretor

(biology) Any organism that excretes waste matter


netropsin

en-noun

netropsin (countable and uncountable, plural netropsins)

(biochemistry) An oligopeptide, first isolated from the actinobacterium Streptomyces netropsis, with antibiotic and antiviral activity.


congocidine

congocidine (countable and uncountable, plural congocidines)


nicotinamidase

nicotinamidase (countable and uncountable, plural nicotinamidases)

(biochemistry) A hydrolase enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction nicotinamide + H₂O ⇌ nicotinate + NH₃.


neurophysin

(biochemistry) Any of a group of carrier proteins that transport the hormones oxytocin and vasopressin to the posterior pituitary from the paraventricular and supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus


nephrotome

(biology, dated) A section of the mesoderm formerly believed to give rise to the pronephros and eventually to the rest of the kidney.


acarophilous

(biology, rare) That lives in a symbiosis with mites

The last-mentioned author has a list of 270 acarophilous species.

1910 December, Professor G. F. Scott-Elliot M.A. B.Sc. F.L.S., “Mites and Acarodomatia”, in Transactions of the Botanical Society of Edinburgh, volume 24, →DOI, pages 126–135:

(botany, rare) That is pollinated by mites


aurelia

From Italian aurelia (“chrysalis”), from Latin aureus (“golden”).

(entomology, archaic) The chrysalis of an insect, especially of a butterfly.


subnivium

From sub- (“under”) + Latin nix (“snow”) + -ium.

Voles and shrews thriving in networks of tunnels in the subnivium would experience a loss of their snowy refuge and face greater metabolic demands to cope with more-frequent and harsher exposure to the elements.

2019, Colin Rees, Nature's Calendar, Johns Hopkins University Press, page 231:

Scientists have long studied the subnivium, a stratum of life that exists within and below the snowpack. The subnivium enjoys a microclimate created by heat and moisture escaping the ground.

2021, Porter Fox, The Last Winter, Hachette Book Group, unnumbered page:

Without a snow cover, the duration of frozen soil will increase, causing winter cooling for subnivium-dependent organisms (Zhu et al., 2019).

2022, Jeffrey L. Walck, Siti N. Hidayati, “10: Plant regeneration from seeds in a the temperate deciduous forest zone under a changing climate”, in Carol C. Baskin, Jerry M. Baskin, editors, Plant Regeneration from Seeds, Elsevier (Academic Press), page 131:

(ecology) The seasonal microenvironment beneath the snow.


tetragonous

en-adj

tetragonous (comparative more tetragonous, superlative most tetragonous)

more tetragonous (comparative)
most tetragonous (superlative)


meral

Stomatopods signal mood, intention and – perhaps – much else with subtle changes in posture, as well as their impressive markings, which in many species include a pair of meral spots that can look like giant eyes.

2012, Caspar Henderson, The Book of Barely Imagined Beings, Granta Books, published 2013, page 103:

(zoology) Pertaining to the merus or meropodite.


logistic growth

(ecology) A pattern of growth that can be represented by a logistic function.


herkogamy

From Ancient Greek ἕρκος (hérkos, “fence, wall”) + -gamy.

der

(botany) Different relative positionings of the stigma and the anthers.


pristella

(zoology) A fish, Pristella maxillaris (the only species in its genus).


astropecten

(zoology) Any of the genus Astropecten of sea stars.


geocarpy

(biology) The production by plants of diaspores within the soil.


amphicarpy

(biology) The production by a plant of more than one type of fruit. Sometimes restricted to situations where one fruit type is aerial and one is underground.

anficarpia

production by a plant of only some diaspores beneath the soil


chasmogamy

(botany) The production of flowers that open and expose the stamens and styles.


dungfly

dungflies (plural)
dung fly (alternative)
dung-fly (alternative)

From dung + fly, from its typical food source.

(zoology) A two-winged fly of the genus Scathophaga.


nucleomorph

(biology) A small vestigial eukaryotic nucleus found between the inner and outer pairs of membranes in certain plastids.


phenogram

(genetics) A phenetic diagram (or cladogram)


transdetermination

en-noun

transdetermination (countable and uncountable, plural transdeterminations)

(biology) Change of the path of differentiation in cells.


antiprostaglandin

(biochemistry) A prostaglandin inhibitor.


thermal credit

(ecology) A unit that offsets the thermal impact of one ton of carbon dioxide, accounting the net thermal impact generated by human activity on the Earth's climate.


gymnotiform

(zoology) Belonging to the Gymnotiformes.


gymnotiform

(zoology) Any member of the Gymnotiformes.


pharyngula

(biology) The phylotypic stage of embryonic development of vertebrate animals, following the blastula, gastrula, and neurula.


rotaliid

(zoology) Any foraminiferan of the order Rotaliida


woodsia

(botany) Any of the genus Woodsia of ferns.


cyanope

From Ancient Greek κυανῶπις (kuanôpis, “dark-looking”).

uder

On this basis various genotypes may be listed as follows: EEHH - Fast dark, EEHh - Medium dark with a cyanope stage, EeHH - Medium dark with a glaucope state, EdHh - Slow dark with intermediate stage variable.

1946, Reginald Ruggles Gates, Human Genetics, page 95:

The cyanope type (brown eyes, blond hair) and the glaucope type (blue eyes, black hair) probably arose independently as mutations, the glaucope being earlier in the European population, i.e., the mutation to blue eyes probably occurred before the mutation to fair hair.

1953, Alan H. Kelso De Montigny, International Anthropological and Linguistic Review, page 61:

There were too few in the cyanope group of the MacConaill types for comparison to be made.

1955, The Journal of Mental Science - Volume 101, page 541:

(anthropology, genetics, dated) A person with fair hair and brown eyes.


glaucope

From Ancient Greek γλαυκώψ (glaukṓps, “with blue-grey eyes”).

The most numerous in each war period had blue or grey eyes and dark hair (" glaucope ") but the percentage of such types fell from 47 to 40 per cent between the two samples, while those with fair hair and light eyes (" blond ") rose from 16 to 19 per cent.

1957, Eugenics review - Volumes 48-49, pages 112–113:

(anthropology, genetics, dated) A person with dark hair and blue eyes.


takeback

en-noun

takeback (countable and uncountable, plural takebacks)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-takeback.wav

It would be convenient to consider takeback as a step process; after an intervention the occupants immediately establish a new level of demand for that household energy service. Occupant behaviour however is more complicated than this and takes some time to adjust.

2010, November 17-19, A.R.Pollard and N.R. Buckett, Clawback of energy efficiency upgrades in New Zealand households (Paper presented at the 5th Australasian Housing Researchers' Conference)

(conservation) The reduction in energy savings from new technologies due to increased levels of demand.


nonpenetrance

(genetics) Lack of penetrance; failure of a particular variation of a gene to penetrate.


deoxyribonucleoprotein

deoxyribonucleoprotein (countable and uncountable, plural deoxyribonucleoproteins)

(biochemistry) The complex of DNA and protein in which DNA is usually found upon cell disruption and isolation.


posthepatic

(anatomy, biochemistry) downstream of the liver in the circulation of the hepatic portal system; and thus, after the metabolic effect of the liver.


apothecial

(lichenology) Relating to the apothecium.


isidium

According to OED, from a genus name Isidium (Acharius 1798), itself from the goddess Isis.

(lichenology) A vegetative reproductive structure present in some lichens; an outgrowth of the thallus surface, usually with a columnar structure, and consisting of both fungal hyphae and algal cells.


keratoid

keratoid cancer of the lip


kininase

(biochemistry) An enzyme involved in kinin metabolism.


kassinin

(biochemistry) A tachykinin neuropeptide derived from Kassina frogs.


kyotorphin

kyotorphin (countable and uncountable, plural kyotorphins)

(biochemistry) A neuroactive dipeptide which plays a role in pain regulation in the brain.


vitrosin

(biochemistry) The structural protein of the vitreous body.


kinectin

kinectin (countable and uncountable, plural kinectins)

(biochemistry) A particular transmembrane protein in humans.


sfericase

(biochemistry) A proteolytic enzyme obtained from Bacillus sphaericus.


edaphoclimatic

en-adj

edaphoclimatic (comparative more edaphoclimatic, superlative most edaphoclimatic)

more edaphoclimatic (comparative)
most edaphoclimatic (superlative)

(ecology) Relating to edaphology and climate


cv.

(botany, avoided) Abbreviation of convariety.


CIBER

(biology, Australia) Initialism of Centre for Integrative Bee Research.


romneya

On one occasion I raised a batch of romneyas from seeds which were sown directly they were ripe, but the usual method of propagation is by root cuttings, which can be obtained at this period of the year.

(botany) Any of the genus Romneya of flowering plants of the poppy family, perennial subshrubs with woody stems and large white flowers with yellow centres.


mutationism

(biology) A theory emphasizing mutation as a creative principle and source of discontinuity in evolutionary change, particularly associated with the founders of modern genetics.


myopsid

(zoology) Any squid of the order Myopsida or suborder Myopsina.


myotrophin

en-noun

myotrophin (usually uncountable, plural myotrophins)

(biochemistry) A protein that in humans is encoded by the MTPN gene.


lactogen

lactogen (countable and uncountable, plural lactogens)

(biochemistry) A polypeptide placental hormone, part of the somatotropin family, with structure and function similar to those of growth hormone. It modifies the metabolic state of the mother during pregnancy to facilitate the energy supply of the fetus.


nummulitid

(zoology) Any foraminifer in the family Nummulitidae.


nudicauline

(biochemistry) A toxic alkaloid found in some larkspurs.


binary clone

(genetics) A composite organism created from the combination of DNA from two separate genetic sources, rather than one. Essentially, a binary clone is the naturally produced offspring via sexual reproduction via germ cells, or else artificially produced offspring of two individuals that has been created without using germ cells.


pilargid

(zoology) Any polychaete worm of the family Pilargidae.


capitellid

(zoology) Any polychaete worm of the family Capitellidae.


GDOR

(biochemistry) Glutathione dehydrogenase (ascorbate)


productid

(zoology) Any member of the Productidae.


tropotaxis

tropotaxis (usually uncountable, plural tropotaxes)

(biology) Movement by organisms with paired receptor cells, triggered when the stimuli at the receptors are equally balanced.


menotaxis

(biology) Movement by organisms involving constant angular orientation, as with bees returning to a hive


mnemotaxis

(biology) Movement by organisms back along their own trails.


neurocalcin

neurocalcin (countable and uncountable, plural neurocalcins)

(biochemistry) A neuronal calcium-binding protein found in mammalian brains.


fibrinase

fibrinase (countable and uncountable, plural fibrinases)

(biochemistry) An enzyme involved in the formation of fibrin.


zoonerythrin

(biology) A red pigment found in some sponges and in the feathers of flamingos.


endodeoxyribonuclease

(biochemistry) An enzyme that is both a deoxyribonuclease and an endonuclease.


seedset

(biology) A set of seeds from the same organism.


fruitset

fruitset (countable and uncountable, plural fruitsets)

fruitsets (plural)
fruit-set (alternative)

(biology) A set of fruits from the same organism.

Later, Schaible (49) also noticed that tomato fruit-set is generally poor when the night temperature exceeds 23 °C. Howlett (25) points out that both night and day temperatures are important factors limiting tomato fruit-set.

1979, Robert Cowell, 1st International Symposium on Tropical Tomato:

Most workers who have studied the use of auxin sprays on tomatoes have found that although forcing fruit-set on the first 3 or 4 clusters is beneficial, auxin applications to flowers on higher clusters have very little effect.

2022 May 27, A. Carl Leopold, Auxins and Plant Growth, Univ of California Press, →ISBN, page 223:

There is a strong and positive correlation between fruit-set and gamete viability (Prasad et al., 2017). Gamete functions (pollen and ovule) is the most important factor for fruit-set under HS. In tomato, fruit-set has been shown to[…]

2022 October 14, Masayoshi Shigyo, Mostafa Abdelwahed Abdelrahman, Lam-Son Phan Tran, Physiological and Molecular Perspectives of Stress Tolerance in Vegetables, Frontiers Media SA, →ISBN, page 170:

(biology, horticulture) The "setting" (beginning of growing) of fruit, resulting from successful pollination.


teucrium

From the genus name (New Latin Teucrium).

(botany) Any of the genus Teucrium of lamiaceous plants; a germander.


copulin

The practice was also given as a handy tip for single women in sexologist Shan Boodram’s 2019 book, The Game of Desire. “If copulins [chemicals secreted by the vagina]^([sic]) are used as perfume, then it will attract anyone traditionally attracted to women with vulvas,” Boodram wrote.

2022 August 7, Olivia Petter, quoting Shan Boodram, “The disgust over ‘vabbing’ is just another way to demonise women’s bodies”, in The Independent:

(biochemistry) Any of a class of aliphatic acids that are found in vaginal fluids and used to signal ovulation.


oligonucleotidase

oligonucleotidase (countable and uncountable, plural oligonucleotidases)

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of an oligonucleotide, but especially an exoribonuclease derived from Flammulina velutipes.


permethrinase

(biochemistry) pyrethroid hydrolase, an enzyme involved in degradation of pyrethroid pesticides


prespore

(biology, of a cell) Destined to become part of the spore of a fruiting body.


prestalk

(biology, of a cell) Destined to become part of the stalk of a fruiting body.


pseudoplasmodium

(biology) A multicellular assembly formed by dictyostelid amoebae.


pretyrosine

(biochemistry) An amino acid intermediate of phenylalanine and/or tyrosine biosynthesis.


nucleotidylexotransferase

nucleotidylexotransferase (usually uncountable, plural nucleotidylexotransferases)

(biochemistry) A specialized DNA polymerase expressed in immature, pre-B, pre-T lymphoid cells, and acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma cells, which adds N-nucleotides to the V, D, and J exons during antibody gene recombination.


nattokinase

From Japanese 納豆菌 (nattōkin, “nattō-bacteria”) + -ase. (It is not a kinase.)

uder

(biochemistry) A serine protease of the subtilisin family, extracted from natto.


glycogene

(biology) A gene involved in the glycosylation pathway.


neolactotetraosylceramide

From neo- + lacto- + tetra- + osyl- + ceramide.

prefix

GSL (glucosylceramide, lactosylceramide, globotriaosylceramide, lactotriaosylceramide, globotetraosylceramide and neolactotetraosylceramide) were separated.

1988, Otakar Mikeš, Separation of Individual Compound Classes:

β3Gn-T5 exhibited strong activity in transferring GlcNAc to glycolipid substrates, such as lactosylceramide (LacCer) and neolactotetraosylceramide (nLatCer; paragloboside), to produce Lc3Cer and neolactopentaosylceramide (nLcsCer) […]

2009, Wiley encyclopedia of chemical biology, volume 1, page 641:

On glycolipids, [ST3Gal6] has a high affinity for neolactotetraosylceramide and neolactohexaosylceramide structures[…]

2006, Michelle A. Lum, The Role of Differential Glyco-gene Expression in Cancer Metastasis, page 47:

(biochemistry) A glycosphingolipid found in the nervous system, containing four monosaccharide residues and a ceramide. It acts as an enzyme to catalyse certain biochemical reactions.


diisopropylfluorophosphatase

en-noun

diisopropylfluorophosphatase (countable and uncountable, plural diisopropylfluorophosphatases)

(biochemistry) A hydrolase enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction diisopropyl fluorophosphate + H₂O ⇌ diisopropyl phosphate + fluoride.


diphosphotransferase

(biochemistry) Any of a group of phosphotransferase enzymes that act on pyrophosphate groups.


deamidase

deamidase (countable and uncountable, plural deamidases)

(biochemistry) An enzyme, carboxypeptidase C.


desmolase

desmolase (countable and uncountable, plural desmolases)

(biochemistry) An enzyme that catalyzes the formation or destruction of carbon-carbon bonds within a molecule. These enzymes play a significant role in respiration and fermentation.


macropain

macropain (usually uncountable, plural macropains)

(biochemistry) Proteasome endopeptidase complex


alcyonarian

(zoology) Any of the Alcyonaria, a subclass of the Anthozoa.


endopolygeny

(biology) division into several organisms at once by internal budding


endodyogeny

(biology) A form of asexual reproduction, favoured by parasites such as Toxoplasma gondii, in which two daughter cells are produced inside a mother cell, which is then consumed by the offspring prior to their separation.


anticoding

(genetics) Of or relating to an antisense strand.


asparagoid

(botany) Resembling members of a botanical group for which the genus Asparagus is representative.


bacterioopsin

bacterioopsin (countable and uncountable, plural bacterioopsins)

(biochemistry) A particular transmembrane protein.


xanthochromism

/ˌzænθəˈkɹəʊmɪzəm/


lonicerin

(biochemistry) A flavonoid found in Lonicera plants.


neosuchian

(paleontology) A member of the clade Neosuchia of crocodilian and related reptiles.


Carolina dog

After the Carolinas, where the dogs were first discovered or rediscovered in the modern era.

(zoology) A type of dog, thought to have reached the North American continent before the European arrival, which has a fawn, black, white, or piebald coat and which naturally roams the cypress swamps of the Carolinas, but may be domesticated.


labyrinth organ

labyrinth organ (plural labyrinth organs)

The labyrinth organ may work a bit like a lung, but it is an entirely different solution to the problem of how to remove oxygen from air.[…]The labyrinth organ is an effective adaptation to low-oxygen habitats.

2002, Gary Elson, Oliver Lucanus, Gouramies and Other Labyrinth Fishes, page 6:

The labyrinth organ fills most of the opercular cavity and is positioned behind and above the gill chamber and extends into the suprabranchial space; hence the name suprabranchial organ.

2008, Tim M. Berra, Freshwater Fish Distribution, page 480:

Anesthesia of fish with labyrinth organs (bettas, some gouramis, etc.) should be approached with caution. Owing to the unique anatomy of the labyrinth organ (enables fish to breathe atmospheric oxygen) and the gills of these fish (thick lamellae and ecreased lamellar surface area), it is possible to "drown" the fish if an overdose of an anesthetic agent is given.

2012, Helen E. Roberts, “MS 222 Anesthesia”, in Jörg Mayer, Thomas M. Donnelly, editors, Clinical Veterinary Advisor: Birds and Exotic Pets, page 513:

(zoology) An organ common to fish of the suborder Anabantoidei that enables them to breathe air.


labyrinth fish

labyrinth fish (plural labyrinth fish or labyrinth fishes)

labyrinth fish (plural)
labyrinth fishes (plural)

From labyrinth + fish; see also labyrinth organ.

Labyrinth fish have another peculiarity, in that all the internal organs are compressed into the front part of the body, so that the rear of the body contains only the spine and muscles.[…]Labyrinth fish are nearly all predatory, and many are unsuitable for the community tank.

1995, Brian Ward, The Aquarium Fish Survival Manual, page 114:

Labyrinth fish belong to different but related families of fish; they live in southwestern Africa and throughout much of southern and eastern Asia.

2001, Marshall Cavendish Corporation, Aquatic Life of the World, volume 5, page 288:

Labyrinth fishes (Anabantoidei) are grouped into three families (Osphronemidae, Helostomatidae, and Anabantidae) within the teleost Order Perciformes.[…]Labyrinth fishes form a natural (monophyletic) group of teleost fishes, the Suborder Anabantoidei.

2009, S. Blair Hedges, Sudhir Kumar, editors, The Timetree of Life, page 344:

Labyrinth fish are nest builders, and the males maintain the nest and incubate the eggs.

2010, Beth Vanhorn, Robert W. Clark, Veterinary Assisting Fundamentals & Applications, page 2017:

(zoology) Any fish that has a labyrinth organ, a fish of the suborder Anabantoidei, an anabantoid.


microtephra

This microtephra may be ejected into the upper atmosphere and travel for many thousands of miles […].

2011, Chris Stringer, The Origin of Our Species, Penguin, published 2012, page 45:

(geology, paleontology) Microscopic deposits of tephra.


muton

Contracted form of mutation + -on, coined by American molecular biologist Seymour Benzer in 1957 as "[t]he unit of mutation […] defined as the smallest element that, when altered, can give rise to a mutant form of the organism."

coinage

(genetics) A unit of mutation forming part of a recon.


complex regional pain syndrome

en-noun

complex regional pain syndrome (countable and uncountable, plural complex regional pain syndromes)

complex regional pain syndromes (plural)

central nervous system
central nervous system

autonomic nervous system
autonomic nervous system

(biology, medicine) A chronic systemic disease characterized by severe pain, swelling, changes in the skin (e.g., erythema, edema), functional impairment, and sensory and vasomotor disturbance. Often it initially affects an arm or leg before spreading through the body; it is associated with dysregulation of the central nervous system and autonomic nervous system.


alkylglycerone phosphate synthase

alkylglycerone phosphate synthase (plural alkylglycerone phosphate synthases)

alkylglycerone phosphate synthases (plural)

(biochemistry) An enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction 1-acyl-glycerone 3-phosphate + a long-chain alcohol ⇌ an alkyl-glycerone 3-phosphate + a long-chain acid anion.


tripeptide aminopeptidase

(biochemistry) A zinc enzyme, widely distributed in mammalian tissues, that catalyzes the release of the N-terminal residue from a tripeptide.


amygdalase

amygdalase (countable and uncountable, plural amygdalases)

amygdalin beta-glucosidase
amygdalin beta-glucosidase

(biochemistry) Either of two enzymes: beta-glucosidase and amygdalin beta-glucosidase.


linamarase

(biochemistry) beta-D-glucosidase, an enzyme found in many plants including cassava and the butter bean; an enzyme which breaks down linamarin and produces cyanohydrines and thus hydrogen cyanide


linamarin

(biochemistry) A cyanogenic glucoside found in the leaves and roots of plants such as cassava, lima beans, and flax, capable of decomposing to toxic hydrogen cyanide in the human intestine.


lotaustralin

From translingual Lotus australis and -in.

(biochemistry) A cyanogenic glucoside found in Lotus australis and other plants, structurally related to linamarin.


arbutinase

(biochemistry) The enzyme beta-glucosidase.


exocellulase

(biochemistry) Any cellulase that hydrolyse glycoside links at the ends of cellulose chains


ammonotelism

(biochemistry) Ammonotelic excretion; ammonotely.


atroxase

Crotalus atrox
Crotalus atrox#Translingual

(biochemistry) An endopeptidase enzyme, found in the venom of the diamondback rattlesnake Crotalus atrox, that catalyzes the cleavage of His⁵-Leu, Ser⁹-His, His¹⁰-Leu, Ala¹⁴-Leu and Tyr¹⁶-Leu of insulin B chain.


bilitranslocase

(biochemistry) A particular plasma membrane protein with high affinity for bilirubin.


monocephalic

(botany) Having a single head, particularly in the shape of a flower, especially a dandelion


transmodulation

transmodulation (countable and uncountable, plural transmodulations)

(biochemistry, electronics) The modulation (or regulation) of a secondary system.


laticifer

(botany) a type of elongated secretory cell found in the leaves and/or stems of plants that produce latex and rubber as secondary metabolites.


allotopic

(genetics) Relating to expression from the nuclear genome of genes that normally are expressed only from the mitochondrial genome.


arylamidase

arylamidase (countable and uncountable, plural arylamidases)

cytosol alanyl aminopeptidase
cytosol alanyl aminopeptidase

(biochemistry) The enzyme cytosol alanyl aminopeptidase.

arilamidase

the enzyme cytosol alanyl aminopeptidase


aminopolypeptidase

aminopolypeptidase (countable and uncountable, plural aminopolypeptidases)


nullizygous

(genetics) Carrying two mutant alleles for the same gene, both alleles being complete loss-of-function or "null" alleles.


autozygous

(genetics) Being a genotype of a kind where two alleles at a locus originate from a common ancestor by way of nonrandom mating (inbreeding).


allozygous

(genetics) Being a genotype of a kind where two alleles at a locus come from completely different sources, as in most normal, random mating.


somaclonal

(genetics) Produced by plant tissue culture


inulase

inulase (countable and uncountable, plural inulases)


inulinase

inulinase (countable and uncountable, plural inulinases)

(biochemistry) An enzyme, 1-beta-D-fructan fructanohydrolase, that catalyses the endohydrolysis of (2->1)-beta-D-fructosidic linkages in inulin.


isopullulanase

isopullulanase (countable and uncountable, plural isopullulanases)

(biochemistry) An enzyme, pullulan 4-glucanohydrolase, that catalyses the hydrolysis of pullulan to isopanose (6-alpha-maltosylglucose).


isoamylase

isoamylase (countable and uncountable, plural isoamylases)

(biochemistry) An enzyme, glycogen 6-alpha-D-glucanohydrolase, that catalyses the hydrolysis of (1->6)-alpha-D-glucosidic branch linkages in glycogen, amylopectin and their beta-limit dextrins.


iminodipeptidase

iminodipeptidase (countable and uncountable, plural iminodipeptidases)

(biochemistry) The enzyme Cytosol nonspecific dipeptidase.


imidodipeptidase

imidodipeptidase (countable and uncountable, plural imidodipeptidases)

(biochemistry) The enzyme X-Pro dipeptidase.


trimonoecious

Finally, there is the trimonoecious group, which has a mixture of staminate, pistillate, and hermaphroditic flowers all on the same plant.

1989, Ib Libner Nonnecke, Vegetable Production, page 509:

Six different sex forms have been reported in C.^([Cucumis]) melo, i.e., monoecious, andromonoecious, gynomonoecious, hermaphrodite, trimonoecious, and gynoecious (Poole and Grimball 1939).

1998, J. M. Alvarez, “Chapter 24: Muskmelon”, in S.S. Banga, S.K. Banga, editors, Hybrid Cultivar Development, page 516:

Individual plants are either hermaphrodites (all flowers are hermaphrodites), monoecious (both male and female flowers), andromonoecious (male and hermaphrodite flowers), gynomonoecious (female and hermaphrodite flowers) or trimonoecious (all three types of flowers).

2002, Pierre-Henri Gouyon, Jean-Pierre Henry, Jacques Arnould, translated by Tiiu Ojasoo, Gene Avatars: The Neo-Darwinian Theory of Evolution, page 137:

Trivedi and Roy (1973) have reported the appearance of various intermediate sex forms such as andromonoecious, gynoecious, and trimonoecious in colchicine-treated plants of M. charantia, but remaining as diploids.

2011, T. K. Behera, K. Joseph John, L. K. Bharathi, R. Karuppaiyan, “Chapter 10: Momordica”, in Chittaranjan Kole, editor, Wild Crop Relatives: Genomic and Breeding Resources: Vegetables, page 226:

(botany) That has male, female and bisexual (perfect) flowers on the same individual plant.

polygamous

botany: having male, female and bisexual flowers on the same plant


ameiotic

(biology) Not undergoing meiosis; relating to ameiosis


enteroblast

(cytology) A form of midgut cell, associated with stem cells, that develops into an enterocyte


cyclodityrosine

(biochemistry) A cyclodipeptide formed from two tyrosine moieties


mechanoenzyme

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that converts chemical energy into mechanical energy and hence into movement


organoheterotroph

(biology) Any heterotroph that obtains organic material from another organism (typically as food)


paragroup

(genetics) A section of a haplogroup that is not defined by a specific set of markers.


subhaplogroup

(genetics) A subset of a haplogroup, especially one that has one or more distinguishing markers


mesaxonic

From meso- + Ancient Greek ἄξων (áxōn, “axis”) + -ic.

af

(zoology) Having an enlarged middle digit that forms the axis of the foot.

mésaxonique

having an enlarged middle digit that forms the axis of the foot


oligolecty

/ɒˌlɪɡə(ʊ)-/

Probably from oligolectic + -y (suffix forming abstract nouns denoting conditions, qualities, or states). Oligolectic is derived from English oligo- (prefix meaning ‘few’) (from Ancient Greek ὀλῐ́γος (olĭ́gos, “few, little”), from Proto-Indo-European *(o)leyg- (“indigent, poor; miserable”)) + Ancient Greek λεκτός (lektós, “chosen”) (from λέγω (légō, “to choose; to arrange; to gather”), from Proto-Indo-European *leǵ- (“to collect, gather”)) + English -ic (suffix forming adjectives meaning ‘of or pertaining to’ from nouns), possibly modelled after eclectic.

der

We have, thus, a case where different types of bees are similarly adapted to oligolecty on a certain group of plants.

1944 April 10, Charles Duncan Michener, “Comparative External Morphology, Phylogeny, and a Classification of the Bees (Hymenoptera)”, in Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, volume 82, article 6, New York, N.Y.: American Museum of Natural History, →ISSN, →OCLC, part 2 (Comparative External Morphology of the Bees), page 218, column 2:

The most likely explanation for oligolecty in bees is not different from the explanation of specificity of any organism to its habitat; in fact, oligolecty is a form of host specificity.

1954 June 21, Charles Duncan Michener, “Bees of Panamá”, in Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, volume 104, article 1, New York, N.Y.: American Museum of Natural History, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 6, column 2:

In so far as now known, all of the species exhibit a high degree of oligolecty (or monolecty) being restricted in pollen collecting to a single genus of plants.

1955 October, E[arle] G[orton] Linsley, J[ohn] W[inslow] MacSwain, Ray F[red] Smith, “Observations on the Nesting Habits and Flower Relationships of Some Species of Melandrina (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae)”, in P. D. Hurd, Jr., editor, The Pan-Pacific Entomologist, volume XXXI, number 4, San Francisco, Calif.: Pacific Coast Entomological Society, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 175:

An individual of a polylectic species that takes pollen from only a few kinds of plants is showing flower constancy rather than oligolecty.

1974, Charles Duncan Michener, “Glossary”, in The Social Behavior of the Bees, Cambridge, Mass.: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, →ISBN, page 373, column 1:

Once oligolecty was documented, the following two summers were used for field study of widely separated populations of I. pandurata.

1978, Daniel F. Austin, “Morning Glory Bees and the Ipomoea pandurata Complex (Hymenoptera: Anthophoridae)”, in Manya B. Stoetzel, editor, Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, volume 80, number 3, Washington, D.C.: Entomological Society of Washington, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 397:

That oligolecty exists is indisputable, but its application to particular bee species engenders confusion and debate. […] We propose a definition of oligolecty that is sufficiently inclusive without diluting the intended meaning for undisputed cases: we define oligolecty as consistent and predictable reliance of a species on a few plant genera for their pollen needs.

2006, James H. Cane, Sedonia Sipes, “Characterizing Floral Specialization by Bees: Analytical Methods and a Revised Lexicon for Oligolecty”, in Nickolas M. Waser, Jeff Ollerton, editors, Plant–Pollinator Interactions: From Specialization to Generalization, Chicago, Ill., London: University of Chicago Press, →ISBN, part II (The Ecology and Evolution of Specialized and Generalized Pollination), page 110:

In most studies sampling is limited to a few sites, and therefore oligolecty is dubiously assigned. Moreover, both abundant and minor pollen types are generally considered at a same level of importance.

2018, Favio Gerardo Vossler, “Are Stingless Bees a Broadly Polylectic Group? An Empirical Study of the Adjustments Required for an Improved Assessment of Pollen Diet in Bees”, in Patricia Vit, Silvia R. M. Pedro, David W. Roubik, editors, Pot-pollen in Stingless Bee Melittology, Cham, Switzerland: Springer Nature, →DOI, →ISBN, part I (Pollen and the Evolution of Mutualism), section 2.2 (Pollen Specialization Categories in Bees), page 19, column 1:

The two most basal bee families, Dasypodaidae and Mellitidae, are predominantly composed of pollen specialists, indicating that oligolecty might be the ancestral state in bees[…]. In the western Palaearctic anthidiine bees, several transitions from oligolecty to polylecty were found, but none from polylecty to oligolecty[…].

2020, R. G. Vastrad, “Specialized Bees Fail to Develop on Non-host Pollen: Do Plants Chemically Protect Their Pollen?”, in A Study of Floral Specialization in Solitary Bees, Raleigh, N.C.: Lulu, →ISBN, page 31:

(entomology) The preference of an insect pollinator (chiefly a bee) for pollinating only a few plant species.

قِلَّة الجَمْع

preference of an insect pollinator for pollinating only a few plant species


oligolectic

/ˌɒlɪɡə(ʊ)ˈlɛktɪk/

/ɒˌlɪɡə(ʊ)-/

/ˌɑləɡoʊˈlɛktɪk/

From English oligo- (prefix meaning ‘few’) (from Ancient Greek ὀλῐ́γος (olĭ́gos, “few, little”), from Proto-Indo-European *(o)leyg- (“indigent, poor; miserable”)) + Ancient Greek λεκτός (lektós, “chosen”) (from λέγω (légō, “to choose; to arrange; to gather”), from Proto-Indo-European *leǵ- (“to collect, gather”)) + English -ic (suffix forming adjectives meaning ‘of or pertaining to’ from nouns), possibly modelled after eclectic.

(entomology) Relating to, or characteristic of, oligolecty.

oligolectique

relating to, or characteristic of, oligolecty


prohemocyte

(biology) A form of invertebrate stem cell that becomes a hemocyte


trihexoside

(biochemistry) Any glycoside derived from a trihexose


trihexose

(biochemistry) Any trisaccharide derived from three hexose moieties


cryptocyanin

en-noun

cryptocyanin (usually uncountable, plural cryptocyanins)

Cryptocyanin, a copper-free hexameric protein in crab (Cancer magister) hemolymph, has been characterized and the amino acid sequence has been deduced from its cDNA.

1999 March 2, Nora B. Terwilliger, “Cryptocyanin, a crustacean molting protein: Evolutionary link with arthropod hemocyanins and insect hexamerins”, in PNAS, volume 95, number 5:

We have studied expression patterns of members of the hemocyanin gene family, hemocyanin, cryptocyanin, and phenoloxidase, in Cancer magister to better understand the molecular basis of the complex regulation and physiological transformations that occur during molting.

2013, Metalloproteins—Advances in Research and Application: 2013 Edition:

Cryptocyanin is also synthesized in the hepatopancreas R cells.

(biochemistry) A hexameric protein associated with moulting in crustaceans


gDNA

(genetics) Initialism of genomic DNA. (DNA in chromosomes)


phospholipidome

(biochemistry) The set of all phospholipids in a cell or organism


phospholipidomics

(biochemistry) The study of the phospholipidome of an organism or cell


biomineralogy

(biology, mineralogy) The study of biominerals and of biomineralization


osmoreceptor

(biology) A sensory receptor, primarily found in the hypothalamus of most homeothermic organisms, that detects changes in osmotic pressure


gelatinolytic

A recent study focused on the enzymatic and cytotoxic functions of jellyfish metalloproteases and identified diverse proteolytic effects including gelatinolytic, caseinolytic, and fibrinolytic activities.

2015 June 18, Mahdokht Jouiaei et al., “Ancient Venom Systems: A Review on Cnidaria Toxins”, in Toxins, volume 7, →DOI:

(biochemistry) Relating to, or producing gelatinolysis.


beta barrel

(biochemistry) A large beta sheet that twists and coils to form a closed structure in which the first strand is hydrogen-bonded to the last.


aquafauna

aquafauna (plural aquafaunae or aquafaunas or aquafaunæ)

aquafaunae (plural)
aquafaunas (plural)
aquafaunæ (plural)

From aqua- (“water”) + fauna (“animals”).

(ecology) aquatic animals considered as a group


vetispiradiene synthase

vetispiradiene synthase (plural vetispiradiene synthases)

(biochemistry) A lyase enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction trans,trans-farnesyl diphosphate ⇌ vetispiradiene + diphosphate.


premnaspirodiene oxygenase

(biochemistry) An enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction (-)-vetispiradiene + 2 NADPH + 2 H⁺ + 2 O₂ ⇌ solavetivone + 2 NADP⁺ + 3 H₂O.


cerebellin

cerebellin (countable and uncountable, plural cerebellins)

(biochemistry) A hexadecapeptide that has neuromodulatory functions in the brain.


precerebellin

(biochemistry) A precursor of cerebellin.


homochromia

Lastly, the same holds good of mimetic parasitism; for at the climax of that process we have the elaborate imitation of the living organism, then of its cadaver or its excreta, till, finally, we arrive at homochromia, that is, the adoption by certain animals of the prevailing colour of their environment.

1895, Jean Massart & Émile Vandervelde, Parasitism, Organic and Social (trans. William Macdonald and J. Arthur Thomson), Swan Sonnenschein & Co. Limited (1895), pages 16-17

Mimetic homochromia consists not only of imitation of the colour and texture of the environment or of other spp (animal or plant), but also involves Imitation of their behaviour, immobility being the best known example, especially in otherwise conspicuous spp.

1975, Animal Behaviour Abstracts, volume 3, page 201:

[…] I mean, butterflies are good at make-believe, too…. What are homochromia and dissuasive livery, if not artistic lies? Like the Caligo prometheus, who proclaims to his enemies, "I'm the head of an owl, I'm gonna eat you!" Or the Samia cynthia, which looks like a dreadful dragon! Pride of our species, my eye."

2000, Nancy Huston, Prodigy, McArthur & Company, →ISBN, page 55:

(zoology, rare) The use, by an organism, of the same colour as its background or other form of camouflage as a means of protection.


globigerinid

(zoology) Any of the Globigerinida (a synonym of the Globigerinina), a rotaliid suborder of foraminiferans found as marine plankton.


scutellar

(entomology) Short for scutellar bristles.


wingbase

(zoology) The part of the body where a wing is attached.


energid

From German Energid, from Ancient Greek ἐνεργός (energós, “active”) + German -id (= English -id).

der

The fate of the cleavage energids seems to be determined by the regional nature of the periplasm, because elimination of some of the migrating energids by ultraviolet irradiation produces no structural deficits in the embryo; other energids replace them (Seidel, 1932).

1982, Robert R. Provine, “15: Embryonic and post-embryonic development”, in William J. Bell, K.G. Adiyodi, editors, The American Cockroach, page 402:

Nuclei and associated cytoplasm are referred to as energids. Upon reaching a critical density, the energids migrate to the periphery of the egg. The arrival of the energids at the surface is sometimes visually apparent as bumps along the surface. At the periphery, the energids continue to undergo several rounds of division.

2006, Lisa Nagy, Miodrag Grbić, “Embryogenesis”, in Timothy D. Schowalter, editor, Insect Ecology: An Ecosystem Approach, 2nd edition, page 317:

Rather, the embryo develops in a plasmodial state, containing eventually hundreds of energids, i.e. nuclei with jackets of cytoplasm. Some energids remain as vitellophages in the endoplasm, while most energids enter the yolk-free periplasm at the surface.

2012, Klaus Kalthoff, “Analysis of a Morphogenetic Determinant in an Insect Embryo (Smittia Spec., Chironomidae, Diptera)”, in Stephen Subtelny, Irwin R. Konigsberg, editors, Determinants of Spatial Organization, page 98:

(biology) A nucleus and the cytoplasm with which it interacts, considered as a unit.


nervule

From either nervure + -ule or nerve + -ule.

D. reticulata (Blum l.c.) leaves 3-nerved, besides the 2 marginal nervules, ovate-oblong, acuminated, rounded at the base, or somewhat cordate, reticulated beneath and covered with ochraceous dots; panicles terminal; calyx almost quite entire; anthers fixed by the back, furnished with somewhat rhomboid, inappendiculate connectives.

1832, Geoge Don, A General System of Gardening and Botany, volume 2, page 783:

(botany) A minor, nonsupporting vein in a leaf of a plant; a branch vein of a nervure (supporting vein) or of another nervule.

A close examination of the wing will always show a partially atrophied disco-cellular, connecting these nervules of the discoidal with either the subcostal or the median nervures, even when one of them has been described as quite free.

1845, Edward Doubleday, “Remarks on the Genus Argynnis”, in Transactions of the Linnean Society, volume 19, page 481:

The origin of the first and second median nervules corresponds to that of the two superior subcostal nervules; and the nervule closing the cell unites with the apical portion of the median nervule at a right angle.

1875, S. H. Scudder, “On the Structure and Transformations of Eumæus Atala”, in Memoirs of the Boston Society of Natural History, Volume 2, Part 4, Number 2, page 415:

2003, W. J. Holland, Cassia B. Farkas (editor), Field Guide to Butterflies, Revised and Updated Edition, page 12,
The branches of these compound veins are known as nervules. The median vein always has three nervules. The nervules of the subcostal veins branch up and outward, with from four to five subcostal nervules, toward the costal margin and the apex of the forewing.

(entomology) A minor vein in a wing of an insect.


potamogeton

(botany) Any of the plants of the genus Potamogeton.


radicose

en-adj

radicose (comparative more radicose, superlative most radicose)

more radicose (comparative)
most radicose (superlative)


diaphanization

(biology) A technique in which a biological specimen is treated to make the skin and tissue diaphanous (i.e. transparent) whilst retaining body shape and staining the skeleton; tissue clearing


kallistatin

(biochemistry) A serin protein, found in human plasma, that contains binding sites for heparin


megaherbivore

(biology) Any very large herbivore, typically one weighing more than 1000 kg


morphospace

Spirals, soap films within wire forms compared to planktonic shapes, and the morpho-space shared by the skulls of chimp, baboon and human

2012, Caspar Henderson, The Book of Barely Imagined Beings, page 139:

(biology) A graphical representation of all the morphologies an organism could or does have, each point of which represents an individual shape.


snakeline

(zoology) The elongated, sinuous body-shape associated with snakes.


digit

From Middle English digit, from Latin digitus (“a fingerbreadth; a number”). Doublet of digitus and toe .

bit

position in a sequence of numerals, symbol in a positional number system

The ruminants have the cloven foot, i.e. two hoofed digits on each foot.

1866, Richard Owen, Anatomy of Vertebrates:

(zoology) Similar or similar-looking structures in other animals.


macplocimine

(biochemistry) A macrolide isolated from Thioploca bacteria.


ptilinum

Borrowed from New Latin ptilīnum, itself an adaptation of the French ptiline.

As for the structure of the ptilinum itself, Strickland (1953) reported that the ptilina of Conopidae 'are voluminous and represent the most rugged type of ptilinum which we have encountered'.

1972, Graham C. D. Griffiths, The Phylogenetic Classification of Diptera Cyclorrhapha, page 243:

1980, Stuart E. Reynolds, Integration of Behaviour and Physiology in Ecdysis, Michael J. Berridge, J. E. Treherne, Vincent Brian Wigglesworth, Advances in Insect Physiology, Volume 15, page 500,
Certainly, the ptilinum, a special eversible sac on the head which is evidently a "hatching" structure, is instrumental in causing the puparium to crack along its line of weakness, a longitudinal line around the anterior end, which meets a circular line extending around the anterior margin of what was the 4th visible segment of the larvae cuticle (Laing, 1935).

The suture is of the nature of an extremely narrow slit, along the margins of which the wall of the head is invaginated to form a membranous sac or ptilinum, and the walls of the latter are seen to consist of the same layers as the integument.[…]The purpose of the ptilinum is to thrust off the anterior end of the puparium at a time when the contained imago is ready to emerge and to force the fly through soil, etc. (Fraenkel, 1936).

1994, Augustus Daniel Imms, R. Richard Gareth Davies, Owain Westmacott Richards, Imms’ General Textbook of Entomology, volume 1, page 953:

Push through the ground is accompanied by and partially brought about by alternate eversion and retraction of the blood-filled sac at the anterior end of the head — the ptilinum.[…]When the fly appears above ground, no resistance is felt by the ptilinum, and signals cease to be received by the sensory nerve fibers.

2004, D.R. Khanna, Advanced Embryology, page 55:

(zoology, entomology) A bladder-like pouch on the head of schizophoran flies that by expanding enables the fly to emerge from its puparium.

ptiline

bladder-like pouch on the head of some flies


calypter

From New Latin calyptra, from Ancient Greek κᾰλύπτρα (kălúptra, “hood”), from κᾰλύπτω (kălúptō, “I cover”).

The acrosticals are irregularly paired, with numerous accessory setulae between the rows; the lower calypters protrude distinctly beyond the margin of the upper;[…].

1947, Maurice T. James, Miscellaneous Publication 61: The Flies that Cause Myiasis in Man, U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 122:

The wings are hyaline and slightly smoky yellowish, while the calypters and wing fringes are pale yellowish (Steyskal, 1980).

2002, Elen L. Aguiar-Menezes, Euripides B. Menezes, Paolo Cesar R. Cassino, Marco A. Soares, “12: Passion Fruit”, in Jorge E. Peña, Jennifer L. Sharp, M. Wysoki, editors, Tropical Fruit Pests and Pollinators, page 373:

Traditionally this taxon^([Schizophora]) is subdivided into Calyptratae and Acalyptratae, based respectively on the strong or reduced development of the lower calypter.

2004, James B. Coupland, Gary B. Barker, “3: Diptera as Predators and Parasitoids of Terrestrial Molluscs, with Emphasis on Phoridae, Calliphoridae, Sarcophagidae, Muscidae and Fanniidae”, in G. M. Barker, editor, Natural Enemies of Terrestrial Molluscs, page 88:

(biology, entomology) Either of two rounded lobes at the posterior base of the wing in many true flies.

caliptro

either of two lobes covering the halteres


demarginate

en-verb

demarginate (third-person singular simple present demarginates, present participle demarginating, simple past and past participle demarginated)

demarginates (present singular third-person)
demarginating (participle present)
demarginated (participle past)
demarginated (past)

(intransitive, biology, of a cell) To shift from the marginated pool to the circulating pool.


nemat-

Representing νημᾰτ- (nēmăt-), the stem of the Ancient Greek νῆμᾰ (nêmă, “thread”). Compare -nema.

(chiefly biology) Characteristic of, pertaining to, or possessing a filiform structure.


osmoconforming

(biology) Maintaining an internal salinity equal to that of the surrounding seawater.


neuraxin

(biochemistry) A structural protein in rats.


entactin

(biochemistry) A protein that is a component of the basement membrane and (along with perlecan) connects the networks formed by collagens and laminins to each other.


notatin

From notatum + -in, named after Penicillium notatum, from which it was extracted.


saprobic

en-adj

saprobic (not generally comparable, comparative more saprobic, superlative most saprobic)

more saprobic (comparative)
most saprobic (superlative)

It cannot be said that one saprobe is more saprobic than another, even though one produces ten times as many spores as another in the same habitat or one produces no spores in the polluted habitat but countless numbers of spores in the ivory tower of the pure culture laboratory.

1986, William Bridge Cooke, The Fungi of Our Mouldy Earth, page 38:

Saprobic edible fungi are also collected from the wild but they are best known and most widely valued in their cultivated forms.

2004, E. R. Boa, Wild Edible Fungi: A Global Overview of Their Use and Importance to People, page 8:

Diploscapter coronatas and Poikilolaimus oxycerca are two of the most saprobic species.

2009, R. Danovaro, C. Gambi, S. Höss, S. Mirto, W. Traunspurger, A. Zullini, “6: Case Studies Using Nematode Assemblage Analysis in Aquatic Habitats”, in Michael John Wilson, Thomais Kakouli-Duarte, editors, Nematodes as Environmental Indicators, page 162:

(biology) Of, pertaining to, or of the nature of a saprobe or saprobes; that feeds on dead or decaying organic matter.

1969, Wilhelm Rohde, Crystallization of Eutrophication Concepts in Northern Europe, National Academy of Sciences (U.S.), Eutrophication: Causes, Consequences, Correctives, Symposium Proceedings, page 60,
Each of the polysaprobic, mesosaprobic, and oligosaprobic zones is now divided into one α- and one β-level, of which the former is more saprobic than the latter.

The s-score relates to the saprobic zone of which the species are characteristic; a score of between 1 and 4 is assigned to each species, depending upon whether it is typically found in oligosaprobic, α-mesosaprobic, β-mesosaprobic or polysaprobic zones, respectively.

1996, P. D. Abel, Water Pollution Biology, 2nd edition, page 87:

(ecology) That contains dead or decaying organic material (and therefore also saprobes).


epiregulation

(biochemistry, genetics) epigenetic regulation


eurybathic

eurybathic (comparative more eurybathic, superlative most eurybathic)

more eurybathic (comparative)
most eurybathic (superlative)

(zoology) Able to live at different depths of water.


lysianassoid

(zoology) Any crustacean of the family Lysianassidae.


peracarid

(zoology) Any crustacean of the superorder Peracarida.


suballantoid

suballantoid (comparative more suballantoid, superlative most suballantoid)

more suballantoid (comparative)
most suballantoid (superlative)

a suballantoid spore

(mycology) short and sausage-shaped, with rounded ends


lexitropsin

(biochemistry) Any of a class of semisynthetic DNA-binding ligands, several of which are antibiotics


misinsertion

en-noun

misinsertion (countable and uncountable, plural misinsertions)

(biochemistry) The insertion of the wrong base during DNA polymerization


mitofusin

(biochemistry) Any of a class of GTP-binding proteins embedded in the outer membrane of the mitochondria


climax community

climax community (plural climax communities)

(ecology) A community (group of interdependent organisms interacting with one another) which, through the process of ecological succession (the development of vegetation in an area over time), has reached a steady state.


biogeodynamics

(biology, geology) The (study of the) interplay of biological and geological systems


apneumone

(biology) Any substance produced by nonliving material that benefits a recipient species but is detrimental to a different species associated with the nonliving material.


ornithophilous

en-adj

ornithophilous (comparative more ornithophilous, superlative most ornithophilous)

more ornithophilous (comparative)
most ornithophilous (superlative)


tropophilous

tropophilous (comparative more tropophilous, superlative most tropophilous)

more tropophilous (comparative)
most tropophilous (superlative)


myrmecophilous

myrmecophilous (comparative more myrmecophilous, superlative most myrmecophilous)

more myrmecophilous (comparative)
most myrmecophilous (superlative)

(biology) Adapted to thrive in the presence of ants.


chondronectin

(biochemistry) A cartilage matrix protein that mediates the attachment of chondrocytes to collagen


autoecism

1972, B. K. Bakshi, Relative Blister Rust Resistance of Native and Introduced White Pines in Asia, North Atlantic Treaty Organization, International Union of Forestry Research Organizations, US Forest Service, University of Idaho, Biology of Rust Resistance in Forest Trees: Proceedings of a NATO-IUFRO Advanced Study Institute, page 254,
This may possibly be explained by autoecism (pine-to-pine spread) in the aecial stage of the rust, but autoecism has not been conclusively proved (Spaulding, 1922).

Other measures[…]are deficient because of the large geographic distribution of the pathogens, their wide host ranges, their high spore dispersal capabilities, and the autoecism of some rusts.

2005, Salvatore Moricca, Alessandro Ragazzi, Gemma Assante, “Biocontrol of Rust Fungi by Cladosporium tenuissimum”, in Ming Hao Pei, Alistair R. McCracken, editors, Rust Diseases of Willow and Poplar, page 215:

(ecology, of a parasite or dependent organism) The fact of completing an entire life cycle on a single host species.

Along with this view of pleomorphism, goes the generally conceived idea that autoecism is the primitive condition, heteroecism being considered a later adaptation (Klebahn, 1904).

1911, Bulletin of the New York Botanical Garden, page 406:

(botany, of a plant) The fact of having male and female reproductive organs on the same individual plant.


aecial

1984, D. E. Harder, 11: Developmental Ultrastructure of Hyphae and Spores, William Bushnell, Alan P. Roelfs (editors), The Cereal Rusts: Origins, Volume I: Specificity, Structure, and Physiology, page 355,
In the inner wall facing the aecial cavity, the primary wall materials surrounding the processes disintegrate, partially exposing them.

Aecial hosts are primarily conifers. Damage to some aecial hosts may also be considered important, as in pine twist rust caused by M.^([Melampsora]) pinitorqua Rostrup.

1996, George Newcombe, “Chapter 10: The specificity of fungal pathogens of Populus”, in Reinhard Friedrich Stettler, editor, Biology of Populus and Its Implications for Management and Conservation, page 226:

The uredo- and teleuto-stages occur on wheat, barley and some grasses and the pycnidial and aecial stages on species of Berberis and Mahonia, the alternate hosts.

1998, G. Rangaswami, A. Mahadevan, Diseases of Crop Plants in India, 4th edition, page 192:

(mycology) Of, pertaining to, or resembling an aecium.


epitoky

(biology) A form of reproduction in some polychaete annelids in which the worms undergo a partial or complete transformation into an epitoke, a pelagic morph capable of sexual reproduction


exopolymer

(biochemistry) Any biopolymer, created by an organism, that has been transferred to its external environment, and thus is now located outside the organism


phosphoglycolate

(biochemistry) The anion PO₃-O-CH₂CO₂³⁻ that inhibits photosynthesis.


tricornute

(zoology) Having three horn-like processes.


viral envelope

(virology) A coating covering the capsid of a virus.

суперкапси́д m (superkapsíd, literally “supercapsid”)

суперкапси́д m (superkapsýd, literally “supercapsid”)


insectotoxin

From insect + -o- + toxin modelled on neurotoxin, etc.

2001, N. Sperelakis, M. Sunagawa, M. Nakamura, H. Yokoshiki, T. Seki, 11: Toxins that Affect Ion Channrls, Pumps and Exchangers, Daniel Acosta, Cardiovascular Toxicology, 3rd Edition, page 343,
The insectotoxins may also target the insect post-synaptic glutamate receptor.

It is, however, highly homologous to the scorpion insectotoxins derived from Buthus eupeus venom.

2001, Kenneth M. Blumenthal, “38: Ion Chaannels as Targets for Toxins”, in Nicholas Sperelakis, editor, Cell Physiology Source Book: Essentials of Membrane Biophysics, page 640:

2011, Zhiwei Cai, Jeng-Haur Chen, Lauren K. Hughes, Hongyu Li, David N. Sheppard, The Physiology and Pharmacology of the CFTR Cl⁻ Channel, Michael Pusch, Chloride Movements Across Cellular Membranes, page 133,
DeBin et al. (1993) purified a 4.1 kDa basic peptide from scorpion venom with sequence similarity to small insectotoxins.

The cytolytic acting peptides from Cupiennius salei are grouped into several cupiennin families; in Lachesana tarabaevi the short peptides are called latarcins, the large cyto-insectotoxins.

2013, Wolfgang Nentwig, Lucia Kuhn Nentwig, “14: Main Components of Spider Venoms”, in Wolfgang Nentwig, editor, Spider Ecophysiology, page 195:

(biochemistry) A toxin that specifically affects insects.


amphiploidy

(genetics) The condition of being amphiploid


holomyoglobin

(biochemistry) myoglobin from which the central heme subunit has not been removed


aminoadenosine

(biochemistry) Either of two isomeric amino derivatives of adenosine, 2-aminoadenosine and 8-aminoadenosine, that are ribosyl nucleoside analogs


aptapurification

(rare, biochemistry) The separation and purification of specific aptamers


dihydrocytosine

(biochemistry) A hydrogenated form of cytosine, 5,6-dihydrocytosine, that is an intermediate in DNA production


bayhead

A hammock or a "bayhead" (a cypress swamp) offers the next most favorable conditions, but a soil of nearly pure muck or vegetable detritus, of a fine floury texture, does not resist drouth as well as does the sandy flatwoods soil.

(ecology) A swamp habitat dominated by bay laurels.


ash dieback

Ash dieback is a major concern. Only ten years after its identification in the UK, the risks posed by dead and diseased trees is rising, says NR. In 2020, ash dieback was present in 73% of ash trees in England, 92% in Wales, and 21% in Scotland, with a rapid increase in tree mortality rates over the next six years expected.

2023 August 9, Mel Holley, “Network News: Scotland's £4.2bn plan to ensure network stability”, in RAIL, number 989, page 24:

(phytopathology) Dieback of ash trees caused by the fungus Hymenoscyphus fraxineus.


bradavidin

(biochemistry) Any of a group of homotetrameric biotin-binding proteins found in bacteria of the genus Bradyrhizobium


butyrogenic

butyrogenic (comparative more butyrogenic, superlative most butyrogenic)

more butyrogenic (comparative)
most butyrogenic (superlative)

(biochemistry) (of a microorganism) That forms butyrate by fermentation of glucose in the intestines.


diphosphooligosaccharide

(biochemistry) A diphosphate derivative of an oligosaccharide; they are intermediates in the metabolism of some carbohydrates


dopachrome

(biochemistry) A quinone, derived from L-DOPA, that is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of melanin


ʟ-dopa

L-DOPA (alternative)
levodopa (alternative)
levodopamine (alternative)

(biochemistry, pharmacology) The levorotatory form of dopa, used to treat Parkinson's disease.


fibropellin

(biochemistry) Any of a family of proteins that assist in epidermal growth by the promotion of proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal and epithelial cells


galactooligosaccharide

(biochemistry) Any oligosaccharide having galactose residues


oligofructose

(biochemistry) Any oligosaccharide composed of fructose residues


recognin

(biochemistry, immunology) Any of a group of polypeptide antigens (protein fragments), produced from cancer cells, that are capable of recognizing some other specific types of cell


astrocytin

(biochemistry, immunology) A recognin, present on the cell membrane of astrocytes, found in the serum of patients with malignant glial tumors


malignin

(biochemistry, immunology) A recognin found in most malignant cancer cells.


satietogenic

satietogenic (comparative more satietogenic, superlative most satietogenic)

more satietogenic (comparative)
most satietogenic (superlative)

(biochemistry) That suppresses appetite for food


tamavidin

(biochemistry) Any of a group of avidin-like biotin-binding proteins found in the tamogitake mushroom (of genus Pleurotus).


xenavidin

(biochemistry) An avidin found in frogs of the genus Xenopus


zebavidin

(biochemistry) An avidin found in zebrafish.


carboxyterminal

(biochemistry) Relating to a carboxy terminus (of a polypeptide)


renanthera

(botany) Any of the genus Renanthera of large scrambling monopodial epiphytic and terrestrial flowering plants found in India, New Guinea, and the Philippines.


pavoninin

en-noun

pavoninin (countable and uncountable, plural pavoninins)

From pavoninus + -in, since it was isolated from the fish Pardachirus pavoninus.

(biochemistry) A saponin used as a shark repellent.


ichthyosarcotoxic

(biology, of a fish) Containing poison within its flesh.


oogenus

(taxonomy) An ootaxon, equivalent to a genus, used to classify fossilised dinosaur eggs


oofamily

(taxonomy) An ootaxon, equivalent to a family, used to classify fossilised dinosaur eggs


octaheme

(biochemistry) Eight heme groups in a hemoprotein


multiheme

(biochemistry) Multiple heme groups in a hemoprotein


peptonization

(physiology, biochemistry) The conversion of a protein into peptones under the influence of the enzyme pepsin


amidoligase

(biochemistry) Any ligase that catalyses the binding of an amido group, but especially one that catalyses the transfer of such a group from glutamine


cytoglobin

(biochemistry) A globin that is produced by all types of human and other mammalian cells


cytotaxonomy

(taxonomy) The classification of organisms based upon their cellular structure and function, and especially based on the number and structure of their chromosomes


demogenetics

(genetics, ecology) The genetics of populations of organisms


demogenetic

(genetics, ecology) Relating to demogenetics


hemiplasy

(genetics) A condition similar to homoplasy that is the topological discordance between a gene tree and a species tree attributable to lineage sorting of genetic polymorphisms that were retained across successive nodes in a species tree


introgressive

en-adj

introgressive (comparative more introgressive, superlative most introgressive)

more introgressive (comparative)
most introgressive (superlative)


plurispecific

(ecology) Composed of (similar) organisms of many different species


fetidin

(biochemistry) Any of a class of hemolytic and antibacterial glycoproteins present in the coelomic fluid of the earthworm Eisenia fetida


lysenin

(biochemistry) Any of a class of proteins, from the coelomic fluid of the earthworm Eisenia foetida, that induce erythrocyte lysis.


synanthropic

/ˌsɪnənˈθɹɑpɪk/

/ˌsɪnənˈθɹɒpɪk/

The demographic profile of these mouse remains based on dental age shows the presence of neonates and immature individuals, suggesting a stable synanthropic mouse population.

2012, Miloš Macholán, Evolution of the House Mouse, page 81:

(biology, of animals) Associated with humans.


Emlen funnel

Named after S. T. and J. T. Emlen, who introduced the technique in 1966.

(ornithology) A funnel-shaped orientation cage used to study the migratory instincts of birds.


chusquea

(botany) Any of the genus Chusquea of evergreen bamboos, mostly native to mountain sites in Central and South America.


bioelectrochemical

(biochemistry) Relating to biochemistry and electricity


rhizodeposit

(biology) Sloughed-off plant cells, in the rhizosphere, that are fed on by bacteria


phylloplane

On the island of Barro Colorado, with an area of 23 square kilometres, at least 43 species of the genus Poecilominettia co-exist, all of which are known to feed upon the same material, namely phylloplane fungi.

1989, Elcy C. Broadhead, “The species of Poecilominettia, Homoeominettia and Floriminettia (Diptera, Lauxaniidae) in Panama”, in Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology, volume 58, number 2, pages 185–226:

(ecology) The surface of a leaf, considered as a habitat


subcrenate

(botany, zoology) Having a notched or scalloped margin


silky lacewing

The beautiful silky lacewings (Psychopsidae) have their headquarters in Australia, where some 12 species have been described.

1983, Grolier Society of Australia, The Australian Encyclopaedia, volume 6, page 45:

Psychopsidae, the silky lacewings, is clearly the most plesiomorphic family of the superfamily, with 26 species conforming to an early Gondwanan distribution in South Africa, Australia, and parts of Asia.

1997, Charles S. Henry, “11: Modern mating systems in archaic Holometabola: sexuality in neuropterid insects”, in Jae C. Choe, Bernard J. Crespi, editors, The Evolution of Mating Systems in Insects and Arachnids, page 204:

The suborder consists of five extant families; the Psychopsidae (silky lacewings), Nemopteridae (spoon- or thread- winged lacewings), Nymphidae (split-footed lacewings), Myrmeleontidae (antlions), and Ascalaphidae (owlflies).

2005, David Grimaldi, Evolution of the Insects, page 342:

(zoology) Any insect of the family Psychopsidae.


gonarcus

The gonarcus (fig. 5) is situated internally between the anal segment and the ninth sternite.

1961, Agricultural Experiment Station, Bulletin A, page 49:

1988, Neuroptera International, Volume 5 - Volume 7, Issue 2, page 60,
Its shape is related to the structure of the gonarcus-parameres complex and of the coaptation structures which exist between this complex and the subgenital plate.

Defining features of the Neuroptera include the association of the ninth gonocoxites with the gonarcus and the peculiar sucking-mandibulate mouthparts of the larvae (U. Aspock et al., 2001).

2005, David Grimaldi, Evolution of the Insects, page 341:

(zoology) An arched structure that is a principal feature of the male genitalia of some insects.


trichophyte

From tricho- (“hair”) + -phyte (“plant”).

(mycology) Any organism of the fungus genus Trichophyton.


necrotrophy

From necro- (“dead”) + -trophy (“nourishment”).

confix

(biology) The condition of being necrotrophic.


phallobase

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-phallobase.wav

(entomology) the base (proximal part) of the phallus


postclypeus

(entomology) The upper (proximal) portion of the clypeus in insects such as the cicada.


pygofer

From pygo- (“posterior”) + Latin -fer (“-bearing”).

(entomology) The last segment of the abdomen of some insects


uridylation

(biochemistry) The addition of one or more uridine moieties.


valvifer

(entomology) Any of the basal plates of an insect's ovipositor that arise from the eighth and ninth abdominal segments


visfatin

(biochemistry) An adipocyte hormone associated with diabetes mellitus


octopine

Octopus octopodia (the common octopus) + -ine (chemically basic or alkaloidal substance)

(biochemistry) An analog of lactic acid, derived from the amino acids arginine and alanine, first isolated from the muscle tissue of octopus species.


chemotopic

(physiology, biochemistry) Relating to, or by means of chemotopy


chemotopy

(physiology, biochemistry) (the study of) the orderly spatial arrangement of olfactory glomeruli


deribosylation

(biochemistry) The removal of a ribose or ribosyl group from a molecule, especially from a polypeptide or protein


excisionase

(biochemistry) A bacteriophage protein that regulates the assembly of the excisive intasome and inhibits viral integration


intasome

(biochemistry) A nucleoprotein complex active in integration of DNA from a bacteriophage into a host.


hydrogenlyase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the removal of hydrogen from a compound, but especially one that converts formic acid into carbon dioxide and molecular hydrogen


mesothermophile

(biology) Any organism that prefers to live in the moderate temperatures of temperate zones


protoheme

(biochemistry, followed by a Roman numeral) A synonym for any of several hemes (followed by a letter)


bioreagent

(biochemistry) Any reagent (especially an enzyme) of biological origin

(biochemistry) Any reagent used in biochemistry


subcultivation

en-noun

subcultivation (countable and uncountable, plural subcultivations)

(biology) Any fraction (of cells) into which a cultivation is divided when the concentration of cells hampers further growth.


submonomer

(biochemistry) Any small molecule used in the stepwise synthesis of a polymer (especially a polypeptide)


phylogram

(genetics) A phylogenetic tree that has branch spans proportional to the amount of character change.


ricochetal

(zoology) Composed of a series of ricochets (or a fast succession of hops).


mycobiota

the mycobiota of Ireland

the mycobiota of cocoa

(biology) All of the fungi present in a particular geographic region or habitat type


barrelless

somatosensory cortex
somatosensory cortex

(biology, of a mouse) Lacking barrels in the somatosensory cortex.


chemosynthesized

(biochemistry) Produced by chemosynthesis.


consomic

(genetics, of a strain) inbred and with one of its chromosomes replaced by the homologous chromosome of another inbred strain via a series of marker-assisted backcrosses


robotnikin

Robotnik + -in, after Dr. Robotnik, the main villain in Sonic the Hedgehog video games. See sonic hedgehog.

Robotnikin, a novel small molecule inhibitor of Shh-Ptch1 binding, was identified in a screen of bacterially expressed Shh N-terminal peptide by small molecule microarrays.

2011, YH Chia, CX Ma, Hedgehog pathway inhibitors: potential applications in breast cancer:

hedgehog signalling pathway
hedgehog signalling pathway

(biochemistry) A potential inhibitor of the hedgehog signalling pathway.


bisubstrate

(biochemistry, of an enzyme) That targets two separate substrates


chaoptin

(biochemistry) A photoreceptor cell-specific membrane glycoprotein


neuroplastin

(biochemistry) A transmembrane immunoglobin protein.