backcross

en-verb

backcross (third-person singular simple present backcrosses, present participle backcrossing, simple past and past participle backcrossed)

backcrosses (present singular third-person)
backcrossing (participle present)
backcrossed (participle past)
backcrossed (past)

(genetics) To cross a hybrid with one of its parents.


backcross

(genetics) The act of crossing a hybrid with one of its parents.

(genetics) An organism produced by such a crossing.


degranulate

degranulate (third-person singular simple present degranulates, present participle degranulating, simple past and past participle degranulated)

degranulates (present singular third-person)
degranulating (participle present)
degranulated (participle past)
degranulated (past)

(biology) To lose granules by the process of degranulation.


anapsid

From scientific Latin Anapsida, from Ancient Greek ἀν- (an-, “not”) + ἁψίς (hapsís, “arch”).

The anapsid skull: snub-nosed like an artillery shell, shockingly powerful and primitive.

2012, Caspar Henderson, The Book of Barely Imagined Beings, Granta Books, published 2013, page 186:

(zoology) Pertaining to the group of reptiles whose skulls do not have openings near the temples, originally considered as a specific subclass


anapsid

(zoology) A member of this group of reptiles, including the turtles, tortoises and terrapins.

anapsido

Reptile with a skull that has no openings near the temples


collagenase

(biochemistry) An enzyme that breaks the peptide bonds in collagen.


digoxigenin

Digitalis purpurea
Digitalis purpurea#Translingual

Digitalis lanata
Digitalis lanata#Translingual

(biology) A steroid found exclusively in the flowers and leaves of the plants Digitalis purpurea and Digitalis lanata.


transactivator

(genetics) An endogenous cellular or viral protein that triggers transactivation.


cynodont

From cyno- + -odont, from Ancient Greek κύων (kúōn, “dog”) and ὀδόντος (odóntos), genitive singular of ὀδούς (odoús, “tooth, tusk”).

The Triassic immediately followed a devastating mass extinction, and the cynodonts diversified in its aftermath in much the same way mammals did in the Paleocene.

2022, Thomas Halliday, Otherlands, Penguin, published 2023, page 160:

(zoology) Any of several small carnivorous synapsids in the clade Cynodontia, ancestral to mammals and extinct close relatives.


macrandrous

(botany) Having antheridia formed on normal-sized male vegetative filaments.


antheridium

Ascodesmis is a third type which might be derived either directly or through the erysiphaceous type from an endomycetous ancestor; the antheridium and oogonium are but little differentiated, but the latter is furnished with a trichogyne and becomes septate after fertilization; the ascogenous hyphae are few and the sheath simple.

2010, Helen Gwynne-Vaughan, Fungi: Ascomycetes, Ustilaginales, Uredinales, page 54:

(botany, mycology) An organ producing male gametes called antherozoids, found in some algae, ferns, and bryophytes.


antheridial

(botany) Of, pertaining to, or produced in, the antheridium

anteridial

of, pertaining to, or produced in, the antheridium


macraner

(entomology) An unusually large male ant.


micraner

(entomology) An unusually small male ant.


macrergate

(entomology) An unusually large worker ant.


micrergate

(entomology) An unusually small worker ant.


macrourid

(zoology) Any fish of the family Macrouridae; a rattail.


stenophagous

Wood warblers are generally rather stenophagous, as the biologists say.

1988 November 25, Jerry Sullivan, “Field & Street”, in Chicago Reader:

(ecology) Feeding on a limited variety of food.


euryphagous

en-adj

euryphagous (comparative more euryphagous, superlative most euryphagous)

more euryphagous (comparative)
most euryphagous (superlative)

Yellow-rumped warblers are euryphagous.

(ecology) Feeding on a large variety of food.


dsDNA

en-noun

dsDNA (countable and uncountable, plural dsDNAs)

(genetics) Initialism of double-stranded DNA.


rDNA

Initialism of ribosomal / recombinant DNA.


rRNA

en-noun

rRNA (countable and uncountable, plural rRNAs)


pyroptosome

(biology) A supramolecular assembly of adaptor protein dimers that mediates inflammatory cell death


pyroptosis

(biology) A form of programmed cell death associated with antimicrobial responses during inflammation.


eubacterium

(microbiology) Any bacterium considered to be within the obsolete taxonomic subkingdom Eubacteria


pseudovirgin

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-pseudovirgin.wav

(entomology) A female of certain species that has mated but has not received sperm.


RNA world

(biology) A hypothetical precursor to life on Earth in which RNA acted both as an information-storage molecule and as a catalyst


adherens junction

adherens junction (plural adherens junctions)

(biology) A protein complex that occurs at cell-cell junctions in epithelial tissues


arabinonucleic acid

arabinonucleic acid (plural arabinonucleic acids)

(biochemistry) Any of a range of arabinosides of nucleic acids


ascovirus

(biology) Any of a several bacilliform virions of the genus Ascovirus.


allophycocyanin

(biochemistry) Any of a group of accessory pigments to chlorophyll

aloficocianina

any of a group of accessory pigments to chlorophyll


aminoacylated

en-adj

aminoacylated (comparative more aminoacylated, superlative most aminoacylated)

more aminoacylated (comparative)
most aminoacylated (superlative)

(biochemistry) That has been reacted with an amino acid (especially of a tRNA molecule)

aminoacilado

that has been reacted with an amino acid


amphotericin

(biochemistry) Any of a group of amphoteric antibiotic and antifungal agents derived from Streptomyces bacteria.


bacterioferritin

(biochemistry) An oligomeric protein, similar to ferritin, found in various bacteria


biglycan

en-noun

biglycan (countable and uncountable, plural biglycans)

(biochemistry) A small leucine-rich repeat proteoglycan which is found in a variety of extracellular matrix tissues, including bone, cartilage and tendon


coelomocyte

(biology) Any of several cels (including the amebocytes and eleocytes) found in annelids and some other organisms


coextinction

(biology) The simultaneous extinction of two or more species (especially when one is dependent on the other)


conidiospore

/kəʊˈnɪdɪəˌspɔː/

(biology) A unicellular spore produced asexually by a fungus


cytolysin

(biology) Any substance (especially an antibody) capable of breaking down the structure of a cell.


cytoplast

(biology) The intact cytoplasm of a cell from which the nucleus has been removed.

citoplasto

the intact cytoplasm of a cell from which the nucleus has been removed


dieback

The National Trust reports that 30,000 ash trees on its land will have been felled this year owing to ash dieback. “Dieback” sounds like a gentle, seasonal withdrawal. In fact, ash dieback is a devastating disease caused by a fungus, Hymenoscyphus fraxineus, likely to have been carried into the UK on imported ash saplings in the early part of this century.

2021 December 12, “The Guardian view on ash dieback: a tiny chink of hope”, in The Guardian:

(phytopathology) The browning and death of a plant shoot starting at the tip, due to either disease or climate conditions.

(botany) The withering of a plant, especially the cyclical withering in autumn and winter; distal parts die off but core parts stay alive (and semidormant or dormant).


granzyme

(biochemistry) Any of a series of serine proteases that are released by cytoplasmic granules within natural killer cells


lamin

From lamina + -in, from their involvement in the nuclear lamina.

(biochemistry) Any of a class of fibrous proteins that provide structure, and regulate transcription in a cell nucleus


lubricin

(biochemistry) Any of a class of water-soluble glycoproteins that provide lubrication to articular cartilage.


microneme

(biology) A specialized secretory organelle of some protozoans


morphant

(genetics) Any organism that has been treated with a morpholino to alter the expression of a gene


nonbilaterian

(biology) Any organism that lacks bilateral symmetry


ookinete

(zoology) The motile zygote of a parasite of the malaria mosquito that forms an oocyst in the mosquito's gut


osteoprogenitor

(biology) A stem cell that is the precursor of an osteoblast


palatoquadrate

(biology) The dorsal part of the mandibular arch in some fish


polyconjugate

(biology) A fluorescent marker or enzyme used to detect multiple antibodies.


protocadherin

(biology) Any of several polypeptides that are fragments of cadherin


segregant

en-adj

segregant (comparative more segregant, superlative most segregant)

more segregant (comparative)
most segregant (superlative)


segregant

(genetics) An organism that is the result of segregation; a segregate


spikelet

(botany) A small, or secondary spike, especially one of many in the inflorescence of a grass or sedge.


tachyzoite

(biology) The asexual stage of rapid growth in a number of microorganisms.


transconjugant

(genetics) An organism (especially a bacterium) that has incorporated DNA from another via conjugation


symplectic

A calque of complex, coined by Hermann Weyl in his 1939 book The Classical Groups: Their Invariants and Representations. From Ancient Greek συμπλεκτικός (sumplektikós), from συμ (sum) (variant of σύν (sún)), + πλεκτικός (plektikós) (from πλέκω (plékō)); modelled on complex (from Latin complexus (“braided together”), from com- (“together”) + plectere (“to weave, braid”)).
The symplectic group has previously been called the line complex group.

der

συμπλεκτικός

The symplectics (9) consist of a somewhat curved central triangular portion with the base upward, and anteriorly and posteriorly from this extends a wing-like process.

1914, The Philippine Journal of Science, Volume 9, page 27:

The symplectics (Fig. 8, sym) are thin slender bones placed vertically in between the quadrates and the hyomandibulars.

1965, Agra University Journal of Research: Science, Volume 14, page 71:

In many teleosts, on the other hand, including the catfishes, the symplectics have been entirely lost.

1967, Tyson R. Roberts, Studies on the Osteology and Phylogeny of Characoid Fishes, page 59:

(ichthyology) A bone in the teleostean fishes that forms the lower ossification of the suspensorium, and which articulates below with the quadrate bone by which it is firmly held.


actinin

(biochemistry) Any of several microfilament proteins that have a function in the attachment of actin fibres in muscle cells

actinina

protein responsible for the attachment of actin fibres in muscle cells


anammox

(biochemistry) Abbreviation of anaerobic ammonium oxidation, a part of the nitrogen cycle


antiregulatory

en-adj

antiregulatory (comparative more antiregulatory, superlative most antiregulatory)

more antiregulatory (comparative)
most antiregulatory (superlative)

(biology) That counteracts a regulatory process


archaeogenetic

(archaeology, genetics) Of or pertaining to archaeogenetics


archaeogenetics

(archaeology, genetics) The application of population genetics to archaeology

archeogenetika

the application of population genetics to archaeology


arundinoid

(botany) Any grass of the subfamily Arundinoideae.


autoanalyser

autoanalysers (plural)
autoanalyzer (alternative)

(analytical chemistry, biochemistry) Any of several different devices that partially automate analysis.


bioanalysis

bioanalyses (plural)
bio-analysis (alternative)


bioclimosequence

(ecology) A bioclimatic sequence of ecosystems


Bioconductor

(genetics) An open source software project for the analysis and comprehension of genomic data.


biodistribution

(biology, biochemistry) The distribution (static and dynamic) of compounds within a biological system or within an organism


biofunctionalization

en-noun

biofunctionalization (countable and uncountable, plural biofunctionalizations)

(biology) The modification of a material (especially a nanomaterial) to add biological function


biofunctionalized

(biology) Describing a material (especially a nanomaterial) that has been modified to add biological function.


bioimaging

(biology) the imaging of biological materials, especially by the use of microscopy


cladogenesis

cladogenesis (countable and uncountable, plural cladogeneses)

(genetics) An evolutionary splitting event in which each branch and its smaller branches forms a clade


bioinformatical

Diversity profiles may, therefore, become a valuable bioinformatical tool for technological benchmarking and normalization of immune repertoire sequencing in the future, enabling cross-laboratory comparisons and meta-analyses, which would be highly valuable in advancing the development of next-generation immunogenomics diagnostics.

2015 May 28, Victor Greiff et al., “A bioinformatic framework for immune repertoire diversity profiling enables detection of immunological status”, in Genome Medicine, volume 7, →DOI:

(biology, computing) Of or pertaining to bioinformatics.


bromodomain

From the drosophila gene Brahma or brm, where it occurs as a structural motif, and domain. Not related to bromo- (“bromine”).

(biology) A protein domain that recognises acetylated lysine residues such as those on the N-terminal tails of histones, often a prerequisite for protein-histone association and chromatin remodeling.


biosignature

(biology) Any measurable phenomenon that indicates the presence of life.


gelsolin

(biology) An actin-binding protein that is a key regulator of actin filament assembly and disassembly.


clonally

asexual reproduction
asexual reproduction

(chiefly botany) By means of asexual reproduction.


lipofectamine

lipofectamine (countable and uncountable, plural lipofectamines)


myotome

(biology, medicine) In vertebrate embryonic development, a group of tissues formed from any particular one of the somites that develop into the body wall muscle. .

(biology, medicine) In neurology, a group of muscles innervated from a particular spinal segment; the division of innervation reflects the embryology of the various somites.

(biology, medicine) A surgical instrument for performing myotomy.


nestin

(biology) A type VI intermediate filament (IF) protein, expressed mostly in nerve cells where it is implicated in the radial growth of the axon.


bistramide

(biochemistry) Any of several highly potent antiproliferative marine bisamides found in Lissoclinum bistratum


bromouridine

(biochemistry) Any bromo derivative of uridine, but especially 5-bromouridine, whose triphosphate is used to immunocytochemically label newly synthesized RNA in living cells


chaperonin

(biochemistry) Any of a class of chaperone proteins


titin

titan + -in. From being a titanic (titan) protein (-in); a very large protein, the largest known prior to the discovery of PKZILLAs.

In order to measure the pattern of force-dependent stretching of TR, we designed a DNA construct encoding for I27 2 -T R -I27 2 [TR flanked by two molecules of the I27 (27th immunoglobular domain of human cardiac titin), which has well-characterized mechanical properties.]

2009 January 30, Armando del Rio et al., “Stretching Single Talin Rod Molecules Activates Vinculin Binding”, in Science:

(biochemistry) A protein important in the contraction of striated muscle tissues.


periphyton

periphyton (countable and uncountable, plural periphytons)

Indeed, the tight coupling of As(V) reduction/As(III) oxidation has been seen in periphyton samples and salt-saturated anoxic sediments from Searles Lake.

2009 January 30, R. S. Oremland et al., Science:

(ecology) A mixture of algae, cyanobacteria, heterotrophic microbes, and detritus that is attached to submerged surfaces in most aquatic ecosystems.


chemokinesis

(biochemistry, physical chemistry) The motile response of an organism to chemical compounds, especially at a cellular level


chemolithoautotroph

(biology) A chemoautotroph or lithoautotroph


chemolithotrophic

en-adj

chemolithotrophic (comparative more chemolithotrophic, superlative most chemolithotrophic)

more chemolithotrophic (comparative)
most chemolithotrophic (superlative)

(biology) Describing an organism that derives its energy from the oxidation of inorganic materials.


chlorosulfolipid

(biochemistry) Any of several lipids consisting of chlorinated alkyl sulfates.


chondrogenesis

en-noun

chondrogenesis (countable and uncountable, plural chondrogeneses)

(biology) The formation and development of cartilage.


suffrago

(zoology) The joint between the tibia and tarsus, such as the hock of a horse's hind leg or the heel of a bird.


chondroitin

(biochemistry) Any of a range of mucopolysaccharides, derived from galactosamine and glucuronic acid, that occur in cartilage and bone.


chromoshadow

(biochemistry) A protein domain associated with chromodomain.


cleistothecium

(botany) A closed ascocarp, in some fungi, from which spores are released following decay or disintegration


cochaperonin

(biochemistry) Any of several materials that form complexes with a chaperonin


coexpression

coexpression (countable and uncountable, plural coexpressions)

(genetics) The simultaneous expression of two or more genes.


colobus

(zoology) Any of several large arboreal African monkeys of the genus Colobus.


connectome

The tools Seung and his colleagues have developed to map the connectome are beginning to offer important insights into these previously baffling conditions.

2012, Adam Zeman, ‘Only Connect’, Literary Review, number 399:

Creating a complete map of the human connectome would therefore be a monumental milestone but not the end of the journey to understanding how our brains work.

2012 March-April, Terrence J. Sejnowski, “Well-connected Brains”, in American Scientist, volume 100, number 2, archived from the original on 2017-04-27, page 171:

(biology, neuroscience) The complete mapping of the structural links in an organism's neural circuitry.

konnektomi

complete description of nervous system connectivity


cosegregated

en-adj

cosegregated (comparative more cosegregated, superlative most cosegregated)

more cosegregated (comparative)
most cosegregated (superlative)

(genetics) transmitted to the next generation along with another


articulus

Borrowed from Latin articulus. Doublet of article.

(zoology) A joint of the cirri of the Crinoidea.

(zoology) A joint or segment of an arthropod appendage.

artículo

a joint or segment of an arthropod appendage


mutualistic

mutualistic (comparative more mutualistic, superlative most mutualistic)

more mutualistic (comparative)
most mutualistic (superlative)

Mutualistic relationships, such as those that give rise to lichens, or plants' relationships with mycorrhizal fungi, were curious exceptions to the rule—where they were acknowledged to exist at all.

2020, Merlin Sheldrake, Entangled Life, page 234:


parasexual

(biology) Exhibiting or relating to parasexuality.


parasexuality

(biology) A phenomenon, involving a complex form of mitosis, whereby two cell nuclei merge without any sexual process and the chromosome count is doubled.


tetrapeptide

(biochemistry, organic chemistry) An organic compound formed from four amino acids joined by peptide bonds.


radixin

(genetics) Synonym of RDX gene Ellipsis of radixin gene. A human gene, for a cytoskeletal protein resembling ezrin and moesin that may be important in linking actin to the plasma membrane.


ezrin

(genetics) Synonym of EZR gene Ellipsis of ezrin gene. A human gene that encodes a cytoplasmic peripheral membrane protein serving as an intermediate between the plasma membrane and the actin cytoskeleton.


moesin

Acronym of membrane-organizing extension spike protein + -in (“protein”)

suffix

<i class="Latn mention" lang="en">protein</i>

(genetics) Synonym of MSN gene Ellipsis of moesin gene. A human gene, localized to filopodia and other membranous protrusions.


SUMOylate

en-verb

SUMOylate (third-person singular simple present SUMOylates, present participle SUMOylating, simple past and past participle SUMOylated)

SUMOylates (present singular third-person)
SUMOylating (participle present)
SUMOylated (participle past)
SUMOylated (past)

From SUMO + -yl + -ate (verb-forming suffix).

(transitive, biochemistry) To attach to (a protein) via SUMOylation.


lymphocryptovirus

(biology) Any of the genus Lymphocryptovirus of herpesviruses that includes the human Epstein-Barr virus (Human gammaherpesvirus 4).


phospholamban

(biochemistry) A protein that regulates the Ca2+ pump in cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle cells.


selective advantage

en-noun

selective advantage (plural selective advantages)

What is the selective advantage of height?

Better to see predators in tall grass my dear.

1998, Jerome Bixby, The Man From Earth (film):

(biology) The characteristic of an organism that enables it to survive and reproduce better than other organisms in a population in a given environment; the basis for evolution by natural selection.


cryosectioning

cryosectioning (usually uncountable, plural cryosectionings)

(biology) The sectioning of a sample at low temperatures; normally following treatment with polyethylene glycol (to remove most water) and freezing


culturable

en-adj

culturable (comparative more culturable, superlative most culturable)

more culturable (comparative)
most culturable (superlative)

(biology) Able to be cultured (grown in a suitable environment)


cytotype

(genetics) An individual of a species that has a different chromosomal factor to another (e.g. haploid versus diploid).


decarboxylase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of a carboxyl group, effectively removing carbon dioxide from a compound.


dechorionated

(biology) From which the chorion has been removed


decondensation

(cytology) A loosening of the texture of chromatin.


decondensed

decondensed (comparative more decondensed, superlative most decondensed)

more decondensed (comparative)
most decondensed (superlative)

(cytology) Describing chromatin that has a loosened texture


deconvolute

en-verb

deconvolute (third-person singular simple present deconvolutes, present participle deconvoluting, simple past and past participle deconvoluted)

deconvolutes (present singular third-person)
deconvoluting (participle present)
deconvoluted (participle past)
deconvoluted (past)

(biochemistry) To analyze the sequence of sugars in a polysaccharide by removing them one at a time


dehalogenase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the removal of a halogen atom from an organic halide


delocalize

delocalize (third-person singular simple present delocalizes, present participle delocalizing, simple past and past participle delocalized)

delocalizes (present singular third-person)
delocalizing (participle present)
delocalized (participle past)
delocalized (past)

Often, the wardens who happen to be nearby tranquillize the aggressive animal and delocalize it.

2012, Paul Bouissac, Circus as Multimodal Discourse: Performance, Meaning, and Ritual:


demethylase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the removal of a methyl group from a compound


dendrogram

/ˈdɛndɹəɡɹæm/

(biology) A tree-like diagram used to show the ancestors and descendants of species


deoxyhaemoglobin

en-noun

deoxyhaemoglobin (countable and uncountable, plural deoxyhaemoglobins)

deoxyhaemoglobins (plural)
deoxyhemoglobin (alternative)

(biochemistry) The form of haemoglobin that has released its oxygen


deoxynucleoside

(biochemistry) Any nucleoside containing a deoxy sugar


deoxyribonucleoside

(biochemistry) Any nucleoside containing deoxyribose


deoxynucleotidyl

(biochemistry, especially in combination) The univalent radical derived from a deoxynucleotide


deubiquitinase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes a deubiquitination reaction


deubiquitinate

en-verb

deubiquitinate (third-person singular simple present deubiquitinates, present participle deubiquitinating, simple past and past participle deubiquitinated)

deubiquitinates (present singular third-person)
deubiquitinating (participle present)
deubiquitinated (participle past)
deubiquitinated (past)

(biochemistry) To cause, or to undergo deubiquitination


vitellin

en-noun

vitellin (countable and uncountable, plural vitellins)

(biochemistry) A protein found in egg yolk.


dideoxynucleotide

(biochemistry) Any nucleotide formed from a deoxynucleotide by loss of a second hydroxy group from the deoxyribose group

(biochemistry) Any oligonucleotide consisting of two deoxynucleotides


dikinase

(biochemistry) Any kinase that transfers two phosphate groups


forensic biology

(biology) The application of biological techniques in forensic science.


diribonucleotide

(biochemistry) A small segment of RNA consisting of two ribonucleotide monomers


durotaxis

(biology) The movement of a cell along a rigidity gradient


eclosion

eclosion (countable and uncountable, plural eclosions)

eclosions (plural)
eclosure (alternative)

(biology) The emergence of an insect from the pupa case, or of a larva from the egg.


ecomorphology

ecomorphology (countable and uncountable, plural ecomorphologies)

(biology) The study of the effect of environment on the morphology of organisms.

(biology) The morphology of an organism that has been affected by its environment.


electroantennogram

(biology, physics) a display of the electrical activity of the cells of an insect antenna, especially in response to the detection of odour


electrotonus

(biology) The variation of the excitability and conductivity of a nerve or muscle as an electric current passes through it


endoglin

(biochemistry) A glycoprotein located on the surface of cells


renin

renin (countable and uncountable, plural renins)

(biochemistry) A circulating enzyme released by mammalian kidneys that converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I. Due to its activity which ultimately leads to the formation of angiotensin II and aldosterone, this hormone plays a role in maintaining blood pressure.


putamen

(botany) The shell of a nut; the stone of a drupe fruit; endocarp.


polyphenic

Both types of threshold mechanism have been shown to couple horn growth with nutrition in scarab beetles and are considered facultative (polyphenic) regulatory processes, and preliminary evidence suggested that they might sometimes both be present in the same species.

2009 February 6, J. Mark Rowland, Douglas J. Emlen, “Two Thresholds, Three Male Forms Result in Facultative Male Trimorphism in Beetles”, in Science, volume 323, number 5915, →DOI, pages 773–776:

(genetics) Having multiple phenotypes that can arise as a result of differing environmental conditions.


arrestin

(biochemistry) Any of a group of proteins that regulate signal transduction within cells.

arrestina

any of a group of proteins that regulate signal transduction within cells


bicuculline

bicuculline (countable and uncountable, plural bicucullines)

(biochemistry) A light-sensitive competitive antagonist of GABA receptors; it is used in the study of epilepsy


biomodulator

(biology) Any material that modifies a biological response


biostratigraphy

It is these ordinary animals that have helped science cope with the problems of Deep Time […] and it is astonishing that the biostratigraphy based on them doesn’t merit a mention.

2000, Richard Fortey, “No Such Thing as a Fish”, in London Review of Books, volume 22, number 13:

(biology, geology) The study of the stratigraphic distribution of fossils.

biostratigrafia

the study of the stratigraphic distribution of fossil


caenophidian

(zoology) Any snake of the superfamily once known as Caenophidia (now known as Colubroidea)


calcarean

(zoology) Any sponge, of the class Calcarea, that has a skeleton composed of calcium carbonate spicules.


calpastatin

(biochemistry) A protein (with a corresponding gene of the same name) that is an endogenous calpain inhibitor


CatSper

(biology) Any of a group of cation channels specific to sperm


crocodyliform

(zoology) Any reptile of the order Crocodylia; the crocodiles, alligators etc.


crystallin

crystallin (countable and uncountable, plural crystallins)

(biochemistry) A globulin found in the lens of the eye.


cytoprotection

(biology) The process by which various compounds protect cells from damage


cytoprotective

en-adj

cytoprotective (comparative more cytoprotective, superlative most cytoprotective)

more cytoprotective (comparative)
most cytoprotective (superlative)


cytoprotective

(biology) Any agent that provides cytoprotection


demosponge

From Ancient Greek δῆμος (dêmos, “common people”) + sponge, after the class name Demospongiae.

der

We know that at least some living calcified demosponges grow extremely slowly (0.2 mm/year Willems and Hartman 1985) and, since individuals can grow up to 1 m in diameter, are also very old (up to 5000 years).

1991, R. Wood, “Non-Spicular Biomineralization in Calcified Demosponges”, in Joachim Reitner, Helmut Keupp, editors, Fossil and Recent Sponges, Springer,, page 338:

Demosponges have siliceous spicules and a network of fibrous protein, spongir, that is similar to collagen. The demosponges are the source of natural household sponges, which are made by soaking dead sponges in shallow water until all the cellular material has decayed, leaving the spongin network behind.

2011, Naomi E. Balaban, James E. Bobick, editors, The Handy Science Answer Book, 4th edition, Visible Ink Press, page 466:

Demosponges, the class to which the barrel sponge belongs, are the oldest still existing multicellular animals for which there are unambiguous traces in the Cryogenian, or ‘snowball Earth’, period of the late Proterozic.

2012, Caspar Henderson, The Book of Barely Imagined Beings, Granta Books, published 2013, page 36:

(zoology) A sponge of the class Demospongiae, having skeletons made of spongin fibers.


dimerizer

(biochemistry) Such a compound involved in the transcription of nucleic acid.


mating season

(zoology) The time of the year during which members of a certain species of animal tend to mate.


kleptoparasite

(biology) An animal that engages in kleptoparasitism.


kleptoparasitism

From klepto- (prefix meaning ‘stealing, theft’) + parasitism.

affix

Coordinate term: brood parasitism

(zoology) The parasitic theft of captured prey, nest material, etc., from animals of the same or another species.


dipnoan

(zoology) Any fish of the subclass Dipnoi, the lungfish, (including the closest living relatives to the ancestor of the tetrapods).


dyrosaurid

(zoology) Any of several extinct crocodyliforms of the family †Dyrosauridae


elopomorph

(ichthyology) Any of fish of the superorder Elopomorpha, including bonefish, tarpon, and many eels and eel-like fish.


entomopathogenic

en-adj

entomopathogenic (comparative more entomopathogenic, superlative most entomopathogenic)

more entomopathogenic (comparative)
most entomopathogenic (superlative)


eomesodermin

(biology) A T-box transcription factor required for trophoblast development


ethnobotany

en-noun

ethnobotany (usually uncountable, plural ethnobotanies)

(botany, sociology) The scientific study of the relationships between people and plants.


euascomycete

(botany) Any fungus of the former taxon Euascomycota (now the Pezizomycotina)


exoglycosidase

(biochemistry) Any glycosidase enzyme that hydrolyses a terminal glycosidic bond


glycosidase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of a glycoside


expansin

(biochemistry) Any of a family of non-enzymatic proteins, found in plant cell walls, that have many functions related to growth


exportin

(biochemistry) A protein that transports other cargo proteins from the nucleus of a cell to the cytoplasm.


fibrillarin

(biochemistry) A component of several ribonucleoproteins.


filamentation

filamentation (countable and uncountable, plural filamentations)

(biology) An anomalous growth of certain bacteria in which they continue to elongate but do not divide.


filamin

(biochemistry) Any of a class of proteins that bind actin filaments and anchor membrane proteins.


laminitis

For months, the left hind leg put Barbaro’s recovery in serious jeopardy because of laminitis, the often-fatal hoof disease.

2007 January 28, The Associated Press, “Sports Briefing”, in New York Times:

(veterinary medicine) A disease of the digital laminae of the hoof


forkhead

(biochemistry) A sequence of amino acids that forms a motif, in FOX proteins, that binds to DNA.


fractalkine

(biochemistry) The human form of the chemokine protein


genistein

2004, Mepur H. Ravindranath, Sakunthala Muthugounder, Naftali Presser, Subramanian Viswanathan, "Anticancer Therapeutic Potential of Soy Isoflavone, Genistein", Edwin Lowell Cooper, Nobuo Yamaguchi (editors), Complementary and Alternative Approaches to Biomedicine, Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, Volume 546, page 121,
Genistein (4'5, 7-trihydroxyisoflavone) occurs as a glycoside (genistin) in the plant family Leguminosae, which includes the soybean (Glycine max).

2008, Audrey King Batoon, Prevention of Genomic Instability by the Dietary Antimutagens Genistein and Lycopene, PhD thesis, page 163,
Dietarily-relevant, low micromolar concentrations of genistein and lycopene were found to be effective mitigators against the genomic instability present in the MCF-7, MDA-MB-468, and BT-474 breast cancer cells.

2012, Y. Wu, H.-D. Chen, Y.-H. Li, X.-H. Gao, V. R. Preedy, 5: Antioxidants and skin: an overview, Victor R. Preedy (editor), Handbook of Diet, Nutrition and the Skin, page 85,
Isoflavones, such as genistein and daidzein, are one main group of phytoestrogens.

Genista tinctoria
Genista tinctoria#Translingual

(biochemistry) A pale yellow isoflavone derivative C₁₅H₁₀O₅ originally obtained from dyer's broom (Genista tinctoria) and also present as a glycoside in soybeans and other leguminous plants, which has antioxidant, estrogenic, and other physiological effects in humans and animals.


geomicrobiology

(geology, biology) The study of the role of microbes and microbial processes in the fields of geology and geochemistry.


germarium

germarium (plural germariums or germaria)

(biology) The parts of an ovary and testis (in Rotifera etc) that produce eggs and sperm respectively


giantin

(biochemistry) A large protein present in the membrane of the Golgi body.


glucohydrolase

(biochemistry) Any of several enzymes that catalyse the hydrolysis of sugars containing a glucose residue


glucosyltransferase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a glucosyl group


glutamylcysteine

(biochemistry) A dipeptide derived from glutamic acid and cysteine


glycosylhydrolase

(biochemistry) Any of many enzymes that hydrolyse glycosides


golgin

(biochemistry) Any of a family of coiled-coil proteins that tether vesicles to the Golgi apparatus


gregarization

gregarization (countable and uncountable, plural gregarizations)

(biology) The transformation of solitary insects etc. into a swarm or gregaria due to rapid growth in population


gregarize

en-verb

gregarize (third-person singular simple present gregarizes, present participle gregarizing, simple past and past participle gregarized)

gregarizes (present singular third-person)
gregarizing (participle present)
gregarized (participle past)
gregarized (past)

(biology) To transform solitary insects etc. into a swarm or gregaria due to rapid growth in population.


guereza

From the native name in Ethiopia. Compare Sebat Bet Gurage gureza, Amharic ጉሬዛ (gureza), Oromo gureezaa.

(zoology) A reddish-brown colobus monkey from Abyssinia.


haemocoel

haemocoels (plural)
hemocoel (alternative)
haemocoele (alternative)

The remarkable displacement of the cœlom by an irregularly distended system of blood-spaces, “a hæmocœl” (which, Prof. Lankester has elsewhere shown, takes place in the Arthropoda and Mollusca), is lucidly described in this Introduction.

1901, “Bibliographical Notices”, in The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, volume VII, page 133:

There seems little doubt that these organs, connected as they are with the haemocoel, and everted by haemocoelic fluid pressure, serve as additional respiratory organs, when the larva is in water too deep to enable it to use its tracheal funnel.

1921, J. Bronté Gatenby, “Description of a peculiar unidentified Dipterous Larva possessing a number of enigmatic truncate Abdominal Organs”, in The Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, page 525:

The brood of this wasp are composed of two types of larvae: typical parasitic larvae, which develop into adult wasps, and precocious larvae, which move about in the host haemocoel but die before pupation.

1997 November 27, David Pfennig, “Kinship and Cannibalism”, in BioScience, volume 47, number 10, →JSTOR, page 670:

(biology) The cavity, between the organs of arthropods and molluscs, through which the blood etc. circulates.


multipolar

en-adj

multipolar (comparative more multipolar, superlative most multipolar)

more multipolar (comparative)
most multipolar (superlative)
multi-polar (alternative)

(physics, biology) Having more than two poles.

բազմաբևեռ

physics, biology: having more than two poles


heteromultimeric

heteromultimeric (comparative more heteromultimeric, superlative most heteromultimeric)

more heteromultimeric (comparative)
most heteromultimeric (superlative)

(biochemistry) Describing a protein containing two or more different polypeptide chains


homomultimeric

(biochemistry) Describing a protein containing two or more identical polypeptide chains


heterothallism

en-noun

heterothallism (usually uncountable, plural heterothallisms)

(botany) The condition of being heterothallic

erilaissekovartisuus

botany: the condition of being heterothallic


hyaluronan

(biochemistry) The polysaccharide hyaluronic acid.


hyaluronidase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of hyaluronic acid


hydroxytryptophan

(biochemistry) A hydroxy derivative of tryptophan; especially 5-hydroxytryptophan which is a precursor to the neurotransmitter serotonin


hypermethylated

en-adj

hypermethylated (comparative more hypermethylated, superlative most hypermethylated)

more hypermethylated (comparative)
most hypermethylated (superlative)

(biochemistry) methylated to an abnormally high degree


hypoacetylated

hypoacetylated (comparative more hypoacetylated, superlative most hypoacetylated)

more hypoacetylated (comparative)
most hypoacetylated (superlative)

(biochemistry) acetylated to an abnormally small extent


hypomodified

hypomodified (comparative more hypomodified, superlative most hypomodified)

more hypomodified (comparative)
most hypomodified (superlative)

(biochemistry, genetics) modified to an abnormally small degree


immunophenotype

(genetics) The immunological and genetic characteristics of an organism.


immunophenotype

en-verb

immunophenotype (third-person singular simple present immunophenotypes, present participle immunophenotyping, simple past and past participle immunophenotyped)

immunophenotypes (present singular third-person)
immunophenotyping (participle present)
immunophenotyped (participle past)
immunophenotyped (past)

In our laboratory immunophenotyping of acute leukemias is routinely performed from bone marrow mononuclear cell (MNC) preparations. In cases with insufficient marrow material peripheral blasts are immunophenotyped using the whole blood lysis method.

2013 April 30, Elisa Einwallner, Almira Subasic, Andrea Strasser, Dorothea Augustin, Renate Thalhammer, Irene Steiner, Ilse Schwarzinger, “Lysis matters: Red cell lysis with FACS Lyse affects the flow cytometric enumeration of circulating leukemic blasts”, in Journal of Immunological Methods, volume 390, numbers 1–2, →DOI, page 127:

(transitive, biochemistry) To perform immunophenotyping on an organism.


immunostain

(biology) Any staining agent used in immunostaining


intergeneric

(biology) Between organisms of different genera


interorbital

(zoology) Any of the scales between the orbits.


kafirin

From kafir + -in, in reference to kaffir corn.

(biochemistry) Any of a group of storage proteins found in sorghum.


latrophilin

(biochemistry) Any of a group of secretins having the ability to bind latrotoxin.


latrotoxin

The black widow spider injects a neurotoxin called α-latrotoxin in its venom, which causes the release of acetylcholine and catecholamines at the neuromuscular junction.

2007, Melissa A. Bogle, “5: Bites and Stings”, in Kenneth A. Arndt, Jeffrey T. S. Hsu, editors, Manual of Dermatologic Therapeutics, page 37:

At present, seven different latrotoxins have been isolated from the venom of L. tredecimguttatus.

2011, Graham M. Nicholson, “Chapter 54: Spider Venom Peptides”, in Abba J. Kastin, editor, Handbook of Biologically Active Peptides, page 377:

These toxins are produced by black or brown widow spiders from the genus Latrodectus and are directed predominantly against vertebrates (α-LTX), although five homologous insect-specific latrotoxins and one crustacean-specific latrotoxin coexist in the venom of Latrodectus mactans tredecimguttans.

2011, Juan M. Pascual, “44: Disorders of Muscle Excitability”, in Scott Brady, George Siegel, R. Wayne Albers, Donald Price, editors, Basic Neurochemistry, page 797:

(biochemistry) Any of a group of neurotoxins found in the venom of spiders of the genus Latrodectus.


linearization

linearizations (plural)
linearisation (alternative)

From linear + -ization or linearize + -ation.

(biochemistry) The conversion of a looped DNA molecule into a linear one


lipidation

(biochemistry) modification (especially of a protein) by association with a lipid


lipocalin

(biochemistry) Any of a group of proteins that transport lipids and similar molecules


lipoteichoic acid

en-noun

lipoteichoic acid (plural lipoteichoic acids)

(biochemistry) Any of various lipid derivatives of teichoic acids


lymphokine

(biochemistry) Any of a group of cytokines produced by lymphocytes


cymose

en-adj

cymose (comparative more cymose, superlative most cymose)

more cymose (comparative)
most cymose (superlative)

From the Latin cȳmōsus, from cȳma, whence the English cyma.

(botany) having a cyme, a usually flat-topped flower cluster in which the main and branch stems each end in a flower that opens before those below it or to its side.

kvastagtig

botany: having a flower cluster with stems ending in a flower that opens before those below it


pergamentaceous

/ˌpɜːɡəmənˈteɪʃəs/

/ˌpɚɡəmənˈteɪʃəs/

From the suffixation of post‑Classical Latin pergament(um) (“parchment”) with the suffix -aceous (“of the nature of”) (itself from the Latin compound adjectival suffix ‑āceus).

(biology, now chiefly botany) Reminiscent of parchment.


trypsinize

en-verb

trypsinize (third-person singular simple present trypsinizes, present participle trypsinizing, simple past and past participle trypsinized)

trypsinizes (present singular third-person)
trypsinizing (participle present)
trypsinized (participle past)
trypsinized (past)

(transitive, biochemistry) To treat (a protein) with trypsin.


madtsoiid

(zoology) Any extinct snake of the family Madtsoiidae


malhamensilipin

(biochemistry) Any of a class of chlorosulfolipids (such as hexachloro-14-hydroxy-tetracos-1-enol-1-sulfate) that inhibit protein tyrosine kinase.


maltopyranoside

(biochemistry) Any glycoside formed from the pyranose form of maltose


mechanosensory

(biology) Of or pertaining to the sensing of mechanical stimuli.


mechanotransducer

(biology) Any cell, etc. that generates a measurable response to mechanical stimulation.


mesoeucrocodylian

The new species possesses a combination of primitive and derived features that helps to fill wide morphological and temporal gaps in early mesoeucrocodylian history.

2002 September 27, Ronald S. Tykoski, “Calsoyasuchus valliceps, a new crocodyliform from the Early Jurassic Kayenta Formation of Arizona”, in Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, volume 22, number 3, page 593:

For mesoeucrocodylians known on the basis of incomplete skeletal remains, body size is generally estimated from skull length-total length relationships in extant crocodylians (Webb and Messel, 1978; Woodward el al., 1995; Sereno et al., 2001).

2005 June 27, James O. Farlow, “Femoral dimenstions and body size of Alligator mississippiensis: Estimating the size of extinct mesoeucrocodylians”, in Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, number 2, page 354:

The mesoeucrocodylians were known previously as the Mesosuchia.

2015, Gordon Grigg, Biology and Evolution of Crocodylians, page 43:

(zoology) Any of a group of mostly extinct crocodylomorphs of the clade Mesoeucrocodylia.


crocodylomorph

(zoology) Any crocodilian or extinct relative in the superorder Crocodylomorpha.


bolter

trap

antonym(s) of “missed landing on an aircraft carrier”

Evidence is accumulating that bolters are plants which have changed their long-day habit to that of short-day.

1949, Redcliffe Nathan Salaman, The History and Social Influence of the Potato, published 2000, page 68:

(botany, horticulture) A plant that grows larger and more rapidly than usual.


metathorax

en-noun

metathorax (plural metathoraxes or metathoraces)

metathoraxes (plural)
metathoraces (plural)

Holonym: thorax

Comeronyms: prothorax, mesothorax

(entomology) The hindmost of the three sections of the thorax of an insect, carrying the posterior pair of legs and the hindwings when present.

zadohruď

the hindmost of the three sections of the thorax of an insect


methyladenine

(biochemistry) Either of two isomeric methyl derivatives of adenine that cause damage to DNA


methylserotonin

(biochemistry) Any of several methyl derivatives of serotonin that are agonists


methyltryptophan

(biochemistry) Any of several isomeric methyl derivatives of tryptophan that interfere with signalling in dendritic cells.


monogenetic

(biology, linguistics) Of or pertaining to monogenesis.


microsynteny

microsynteny (countable and uncountable, plural microsyntenies)

(genetics) A form of synteny involving only a few genes


macrosynteny

(genetics) A form of synteny involving a large number of genes


miscleavage

(biochemistry) Faulty cleavage (of a protein etc)


misincorporated

en-adj

misincorporated (comparative more misincorporated, superlative most misincorporated)

more misincorporated (comparative)
most misincorporated (superlative)


misincorporation

en-noun

misincorporation (countable and uncountable, plural misincorporations)


monoautochronic

en-adj

monoautochronic (comparative more monoautochronic, superlative most monoautochronic)

more monoautochronic (comparative)
most monoautochronic (superlative)

(biology) Describing the simultaneous production of a single egg by each of a pair of oviducts


retromer

en-noun

retromer (countable and uncountable, plural retromers)

(biochemistry) A complex of proteins, first identified in yeast, which plays an important role in recycling transmembrane receptors from endosomes to the trans-Golgi network.


monoubiquitination

(biochemistry) The addition of a single ubiquitin moiety to a protein substrate


multiloop

multiloops (plural)
multi-loop (alternative)

If multiloops are to be treated as interior loops, then the use of a linear rule as an approximation will penalize larger multiloops more than the logarithmically increasing interior loop energies would.

1989, Michael S. Waterman, Mathematical methods for DNA sequences:

(genetics) A loop with three or more closing pairs.


mutagenized

en-adj

mutagenized (comparative more mutagenized, superlative most mutagenized)

more mutagenized (comparative)
most mutagenized (superlative)

(genetics) Mutated under the influence of a mutagen.


cobamamide

(biochemistry) One of the components of vitamin B12


sonoporation

en-noun

sonoporation (usually uncountable, plural sonoporations)

(biology) The use of ultrasound to modify the permeability of cell plasma membranes.


anomalocaridid

In 2009, the amazing description of a single specimen of Schinderhannes bartelsi appeared to extend the history of arthropod-like anomalocaridids by a whopping 100 million years, although the true affinity of Schinderhannes is still contested so it may be an Elvis or Lazarus taxon.

The second youngest anomalocaridid yet discovered is a bizarre giant from the deeper Ordovician waters of Fezouata in Morocco, called Aegirocassis.

2022, Thomas Halliday, Otherlands, Penguin, published 2023, page 230:

(zoology) Any of a group of large marine animals of the family †Anomalocarididae, known only from fossils.


antitermination

(genetics) A mechanism that prevents premature termination of DNA transcription.

antiterminação

a mechanism that prevents premature termination of DNA transcription


underwing

The ‘white-tailed’ kites in the genus Elanus (‘kite’) are small, gull-like, grey-and-white hawks with black forewing patches and varying amounts of black on the underwings.

2019, Stephen Debus, “Small Kites, Genus Elanus”, in Birds of Prey of Australia: A Field Guide, 3rd edition, Clayton South, Vic.: CSIRO Publishing, →ISBN, part II (Handbook), page 113:

(ornithology) The underside of a bird's wing.


arachnomorph

(zoology) Any arthropod of the clade Arachnomorpha


biosocial

Man’s so-called instinctual needs are actually shaped—and this may include inhibiting, fostering, or even creating “needs”—by the social games prevalent in his milieu. The view of a dual, biosocial determination of behavior has become incorporated into psychoanalytic theory through increasing emphasis on ego psychology and object relationships.

1974, Thomas S. Szasz, chapter 12, in The Myth of Mental Illness, →ISBN, page 199:

(biology, sociology) Of or pertaining to both biological and social features.


carboxyl methyltransferase

carboxyl methyltransferase (plural carboxyl methyltransferases)

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the methylation of a carboxyl group


claudin

(biochemistry) Any of a family of proteins that control the flow of molecules through the epithelium


alatae

(entomology) An insect that possesses wings.


spherosome

(biology) A small plant organelle that stores fat


defensin

(biochemistry) Any of a family of cysteine-rich proteins that are active against bacteria, fungi and viruses


deutocerebrum

deutocerebra (plural)
deuterocerebrum (alternative)

(zoology) The median lobes of the brain of an insect.

deutocérebro

the median lobes of the brain of an insect


douncer

(biology) A homogenizer, consisting of a glass tube with a tight-fitting pestle, used to homogenize biological samples


ecdysozoan

ecdysozoan (plural ecdysozoa or ecdysozoans)

(zoology) Any of a group of protostomes of the superphylum Ecdysozoa, known for shedding their exoskeleton.


enhanceosome

(biochemistry, genetics) A protein complex that binds to the enhancer region of a gene


euarthropod

(zoology) Any arthropod of the taxon Euarthropoda, "true" arthropods.


gastrulate

en-verb

gastrulate (third-person singular simple present gastrulates, present participle gastrulating, simple past and past participle gastrulated)

gastrulates (present singular third-person)
gastrulating (participle present)
gastrulated (participle past)
gastrulated (past)

From gastrula + -ate (verb-forming suffix).


geranylate

geranylate (third-person singular simple present geranylates, present participle geranylating, simple past and past participle geranylated)

geranylates (present singular third-person)
geranylating (participle present)
geranylated (participle past)
geranylated (past)

From geranylic acid + -ate (verb-forming suffix).

af

(biochemistry) To introduce a geranyl group into a molecule


geranylation

(biochemistry) The introduction of a geranyl group into a molecule


geranylgeranylation

(biochemistry) The introduction of a geranylgeranyl group into a molecule


glumed

(botany) Having a (specified form of) glume.


glutenin

en-noun

glutenin (countable and uncountable, plural glutenins)

Coordinate term: gliadin

The gliadin chains fold onto themselves in a compact mass, and bond weakly with each other and with the glutenin proteins. The glutenins, however, bond with each other in several ways to form an extensive, tightly knit network.

2004, Harold McGee, chapter 10, in On Food and Cooking: The Science and Lore of the Kitchen, Scribner, →ISBN:

(biochemistry) The glutelin protein of wheat.


isoprenylcysteine

(biochemistry) An isoprenylated derivative of cysteine that forms a motif in some oncogenic proteins


kinorhynch

/ˈkʌɪnə(ʊ)ɹɪŋk/

Allison Daley, a paleontologist at the University of Lausanne, said two species in the fossil haul stood out to her. The first was a kinorhynch, otherwise known as a mud dragon.

2019 March 21, Ian Sample, The Guardian:

(zoology) Any of many microscopic marine animals of the phylum Kinorhyncha.


lamellipedian

(zoology) Any arthropod having flat exopod setae


exopod

(zoology) The outer ramus of a biramous limb of a crustacean.


lobopod

Onychophorans […] have cylindrical segmented bodies with many pairs of legs called lobopods, which are essentially fluid-filled bags.

2016 October 12, Susannah Lydon, “How did the velvet worm cross the world? The answer lies in amber”, in The Guardian:

(zoology) Any of the numerous stub-legs of a lobopodian; a lobopodium.

The early lobopods have a melange of characteristics that makes their position on the tree of life difficult to pin down.

2022, Thomas Halliday, Otherlands, Penguin, published 2023, page 261:

(zoology) One of the extinct panarthropods of the phylum Lobopodia.


loriciferan

(zoology) Any of several marine animals of the phylum Loricifera.


macrobiota

macrobiota (plural macrobiotas or macrobiota)

macrobiotas (plural)
macrobiota (plural)

(biology) The macroscopic flora and fauna of a region.


megacheiran

(zoology) Any arthropod with a relatively large appendage


megaprimer

(genetics) A mutagenesis technique that uses three oligonucleotide primers to perform two rounds of polymerase chain reaction


meron

Back-formed from epimeron, ultimately from μῆρος (mêros, “thigh”).

(entomology) A sclerite on the side of the thorax of an insect, above the coxae of the mid and hind legs.


mesonephros

mesonephros (plural mesonephroi or mesonephroses)

mesonephroi (plural)
mesonephroses (plural)

(biology) The second of the three excretory organs of the developing embryo; the Wolffian body.


mitogenomics

(genetics) The study of the complete genome of the mitochondrion of an organism


monodon

(zoology) Any toothed whale (such as the narwhal) of the family Monodontidae.


monophylum

(taxonomy) A hierarchical group of organisms including an ancestor species and all its descendants


monophyletic group

monophyletic group (plural monophyletic groups)


morphospecies

(biology) A species distinguished from others only by its morphology.


myeloblast

(biology) An immature cell of bone marrow that develops into a myelocyte.


myriapod

(zoology) Any arthropod (such as centipedes and millipedes) of the subphylum Myriapoda.


myrosinase

From μύρον (múron, “myrrh”) + σίναπι (sínapi, “mustard”) (according to German Wikipedia).

(biochemistry) Any of several defense-related enzymes, in plants such as mustard, that hydrolyze glycosides, thus releasing potentially toxic substances.


nematomorph

Formed as nemato- + -morph after the scientific Latin Nēmatomorpha.

(zoology) Any of many worms of the phylum Nematomorpha.


sublinear

(botany) Almost but not quite linear in shape.


translesion

(biology) Extending across a lesion, often specifically a damaged section of DNA


nickase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that causes nicks (breaks in one strand) of nucleic acid, allowing it to unwind


nipecotic acid

(biochemistry) The agent 3-piperidinecarboxylic acid that acts upon GABA transporters


nonsyntaxin

nonsyntaxins (plural)
non-syntaxin (alternative)

(biochemistry) Any protein that is not a syntaxin


nucleofection

nucleofection (countable and uncountable, plural nucleofections)

(genetics) A technique for the transfection of nucleic acids into cells.


nucleoplasmin

nucleoplasmin (countable and uncountable, plural nucleoplasmins)

(biochemistry) A chaperone protein that functions in the building of nucleosomes


nucleotidyltransferase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that transfers nucleotide residues


nudivirus

(virology) Any of several DNA viruses found in arthropods.


occludin

(biochemistry) Any of a family of plasma-membrane proteins located at tight junctions


tight junction

(biology) An intercellular junction between epithelial cells whose membranes join together to form a virtually impermeable barrier to fluid.


provirus

(virology) A virus genome, such as HIV, that integrates itself into the DNA of a host cell so as to be passively replicated along with the host genome.


sclerite

(biology) A hardened body part, especially in arthropod exoskeletons.


oestriol

oestriol (countable and uncountable, plural oestriols)

(British spelling, biochemistry, steroids) Alternative spelling of estriol.


oestrone

oestrone (countable and uncountable, plural oestrones)

(British spelling, biochemistry, steroids) Alternative spelling of estrone.


oligoribonucleotide

(biochemistry) An oligonucleotide made up of ribonucleotides


pleitropic

en-adj

pleitropic (comparative more pleitropic, superlative most pleitropic)

more pleitropic (comparative)
most pleitropic (superlative)

(genetics) Describing a gene that has multiple, often unrelated effects


onychophoran

From translingual Onychophora (corresponding to onycho- + -phore) + -an.

When India collided with Asia (incidentally creating the Himalayas), the onychophorans could spread northwards from India instead.

(zoology) Any of many wormlike carnivorous ecdysozoan animals of the phylum Onychophora.


organogenic

organogenic (comparative more organogenic, superlative most organogenic)

more organogenic (comparative)
most organogenic (superlative)

(biology) Of or pertaining to organogenesis


oribatid

(zoology) Any of a group of mites of the suborder Oribatida


orthopteran

From translingual Orthoptera (“order of insects”) + -an.

affix

(entomology) Any of many insects of the order Orthoptera.


osmoresistant

en-adj

osmoresistant (comparative more osmoresistant, superlative most osmoresistant)

more osmoresistant (comparative)
most osmoresistant (superlative)

(biology) resistant to high salt concentrations


osmosensitive

osmosensitive (comparative more osmosensitive, superlative most osmosensitive)

more osmosensitive (comparative)
most osmosensitive (superlative)

(biology) sensitive to high salt concentrations


pachytene

From French pachytène, equivalent to pachy- (“thick”) + -tene (“ribbon”).
Coined by Hans von De Winiwarter in 1900 and in English by Edmund B. Wilson in 1912.

(biology) The third stage of prophase 1 of meiosis, during which the chromosomes shorten and divide into four chromatids.


paleognath

(zoology) Any bird of the infraclass Paleognathae.


palmitoyltransferase

(biochemistry) Any transferase involved in palmitoylation


panarthropod

(zoology) Any of many animals of the clade Panarthropoda.


panderichthyid

(zoology) Any of several prehistoric fish of the family Panderichthyidae


paracotylar

(zoology) Extending across or beyond a cotyle


cotyle

en-noun

cotyle (plural cotyles or cotylae or cotylai)

cotyles (plural)
cotylae (plural)
cotylai (plural)
cotyla (alternative)

From Latin cotylē and Ancient Greek κοτύλη (kotúlē, “cup, half-pint”). Doublet of kotyle and kotylos.

der

(zootomy) Synonym of acetabulum (“any of various cup-shaped joints, organs, or skin features in various animals”).


paragenesis

en-noun

paragenesis (countable and uncountable, plural parageneses)


paraphylum

paraphyla (plural)
paraphyllum (alternative)

(taxonomy) A member of a paraphyletic group of taxa


paratype

The paratype of this species proves to have an ovipositor very different from that of the holotype (see dissimilis, new species).

1942, Alan Stone, “The Fruitflies of the Genus Anastrepha”, in Miscellaneous Publication, US Department of Agriculture, 439, page 44:

1965, James A. G. Rehn, A New Genus of Symbiotic Cockroach from Southwest Africa (Orthoptera; Blattaria; Oxyhaloinae), Notulae Naturae, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, page 6,
An adult female paratype will be sent to the Transvaal Museum (at Dr. Kohls' request) and a similar one to the United States National Museum. The remainder are in the collection of this Academy. All were taken with the type and allotype.

In addition to the holotype, other specimens believed to be of the same species by the author are designated as paratypes. If a holotype is not available, a paratype can be examined to confirm identifications.

2008, Charles W. Heckman, Encyclopedia of South American Aquatic Insects: Odonata - Zygoptera, Springer, page 3:

(taxonomy) A physical specimen (or an illustration) that is not the holotype but is considered the same taxon by the author of the holotype.


paraxis

(biochemistry) A basic helix-loop-helix protein expressed in paraxial mesoderm and developing somites


craniate

(zoology) Any member of the clade Craniata, having bony skulls.


pentachrome

pentachrome (countable and uncountable, plural pentachromes)

pentachromes (plural)
Pentachrome (alternative)

(cytology) A complex staining procedure that stains various parts of cells different colours.


hexapeptide

(biochemistry) Any oligopeptide containing six amino acids


perforin

perforin (countable and uncountable, plural perforins)

From perforate + -in, alluding to its action on the cell membrane.

(biochemistry) A cytolytic protein found in natural killer cells.


pericentric

en-adj

pericentric (comparative more pericentric, superlative most pericentric)

more pericentric (comparative)
most pericentric (superlative)

(genetics) Of or pertaining to the centromere of a chromosome


peridium

A New Latin form of Ancient Greek πηρίδιον (pērídion, “little pouch”).

der

(mycology) The outer layer that covers the spore-bearing organ in many fungi.


pseudovirus

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-pseudovirus.wav

(biology) Any of the family Pseudoviridae of viruses.


pythonid

(zoology) Any of the family Pythonidae of non-venomous snakes, distinguished from the boids by teeth on the premaxilla.


pyoverdin

en-noun

pyoverdin (countable and uncountable, plural pyoverdins)

(biochemistry) Alternative form of pyoverdine


pyoverdine

Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Pseudomonas aeruginosa#Translingual

(biochemistry) A fluorescent siderophore produced by the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa


rhadinovirus

(biology) Any of the genus Rhadinovirus of herpesviruses,.


phalloidin

phalloidin (countable and uncountable, plural phalloidins)

Amanita phalloides
Amanita phalloides#Translingual

(biochemistry) A toxic cyclic peptide obtained from the mushroom Amanita phalloides


phallotoxin

(biochemistry) Any of several toxic cyclic peptides obtained from the mushroom Amanita phalloides


phanaeine

(zoology) Any of several dung beetles of the genus Phanaeus.


cetomimid

(zoology) Any whalefish of the family Cetomimidae.


colimitation

colimitation (countable and uncountable, plural colimitations)

(biology) The limitation of the growth of a population by two or more independent substances.


cordycepin

From translingual Cordyceps, a genus of fungus from certain species of which the compound was formerly extracted, + -in.

The results with cordycepin are less clear-cut. With cordycepin, low levels cause considerable inhibition of mRNA synthesis with little effect on embryo growth, suggesting that new mRNA may not be a requirement for early growth.

1982, A. Marcus, S. Rodaway, “Chapter 13: Nucleic Acid and Protein Synthesis During Germination”, in Harry Smith, Donald Grierson, editors, The Molecular Biology of Plant Development, page 347:

2011, Bao-qin Lin, Shao-ping-Li, Chapter 5: Cordyceps as an Herbal Drug, Iris F. F. Benzie, Sissi Wachtel-Galor (editors), Herbal Medicine: Biomolecular and Clinical Aspects, 2nd Edition, page 84,
Many active ingredients, such as cordycepin, polysaccharides, and ergosterol, have been isolated from various Cordyceps species and account for a range of bioactivities (Table 5.3).

Cordycepin (4, 83), isolated as a crystalline metabolic product from cultures of Cordyceps militaris, exhibits inhibitory activity toward the growth of many strains of Bacillus subtilis (84).

2012, Shan-ching Sung, “Chapter 6: Inhibitors of RNA and DNA Biosynthesis”, in R Hochster, editor, Metabolic Inhibitors: A Comprehensive Treatise, volume 3, page 184:

(biochemistry, organic chemistry) A deoxy form of adenosine.


cryoregime

(ecology) A permanently cold environment


double-stranded

(genetics) That have two helical strands of nucleic acid that wind around each other and are connected by hydrogen bonds.


electromobility

electromobility (countable and uncountable, plural electromobilities)


endomesoderm

(biology) An embryonic blastomere that has not yet differentiated into mesoderm and endoderm, almost in the middle


fishapod

A blend of fish + tetrapod, Coined by American paleontologist Neil Shubin circa 2006. Analyzable as fish + -a- + -pod

coined

In these conditions, ‘fishapods’, able to do push-ups on proto-limbs to gulp fresh air from just above its river habitat, would have had an edge over those relying only on gills to extract meagre oxygen from the murky water.

2012, Caspar Henderson, The Book of Barely Imagined Beings, Granta Books, published 2013, page 12:

(informal, paleontology) Any of several extinct creatures of the subclass Tetrapodomorpha having features both of fish and tetrapods, especially Tiktaalik.


glycolytic

en-adj

glycolytic (comparative more glycolytic, superlative most glycolytic)

more glycolytic (comparative)
most glycolytic (superlative)

(biochemistry) Of, pertaining to or producing glycolysis

glicolitico

of, pertaining to or producing glycolysis


gyrotaxis

(biology) Any directed locomotion resulting from a combination of gravitational and viscous torques in a flow.


heteroblasty

(biology, botany) The state of being heteroblastic


huntingtin

en-noun

huntingtin (countable and uncountable, plural huntingtins)

Huntington's disease
Huntington's disease

(biochemistry) A protein whose polymorphism is associated with Huntington's disease.


lophotrochozoan

(zoology) Any protostome animal of the superphylum Lophotrochozoa.


methylguanosine

methylguanosine (countable and uncountable, plural methylguanosines)

(biochemistry) A methyl derivative of guanosine that is added to the "front" end of a eukaryotic messenger RNA shortly after the start of transcription.


eutrophicate

en-verb

eutrophicate (third-person singular simple present eutrophicates, present participle eutrophicating, simple past and past participle eutrophicated)

eutrophicates (present singular third-person)
eutrophicating (participle present)
eutrophicated (participle past)
eutrophicated (past)

From eutrophic + -ate (verb-forming suffix).

(ecology, intransitive) To become eutrophic.

(ecology, transitive) To cause to become eutrophic.


mirapinnid

(zoology) Any of several genera of deep-sea fish of the family Mirapinnidae, now known to be the larval forms of whalefish in the family Cetomimidae.

megalomycterid

the male forms, also once thought to be a separate family


neutravidin

(biochemistry) A deglycosylated version of avidin


phosphoacceptor

(biochemistry) A site on a biological macromolecule at which phosphorylation takes place


phosphocreatine

en-noun

phosphocreatine (usually uncountable, plural phosphocreatines)

(biochemistry) A phosphorylated derivative of creatine that is used in muscles to store chemical energy


scobina

(botany) The pedicle of the spikelets of grasses.


remineralization

remineralization (countable and uncountable, plural remineralizations)

remineralizations (plural)
remineralisation (alternative)

(biochemistry) The continuous reintroduction of minerals into bone and teeth.


phosphotyrosine

phosphotyrosine (countable and uncountable, plural phosphotyrosines)

(biochemistry) A phosphorylated derivative of tyrosine that is active in signal transduction and regulation of enzymatic activity


permissivity

permissivity (countable and uncountable, plural permissivities)

(biology, of cells) Susceptibility to infection.


diapsid

clipping

translingual <i class="Latn mention" lang="mul">Diapsida</i>

(zoology) Any of very many reptiles, of the subclass Diapsida, that have a pair of openings in the skull behind each eye


dryolestid

A dog-sized dryolestid, Peligrotherium, the ‘lazy beast’, is known from the early Paleocene of Patagonia, while another, Necrolestes, the ‘grave-robber’, is from the same part of the world, but much later, in the Miocene.

2022, Thomas Halliday, Otherlands, Penguin, published 2023, page 102:

(zoology) Any of a group of extinct mammals of the order †Dryolestida.


amoebiasis

amoebiases (plural)
amebiasis (alternative)
amœbiasis (alternative)

classical compound
international scientific vocabulary

From international scientific vocabulary, reflecting New Latin combining forms: amoeb- + -iasis.

(biology, medicine, uncountable) Disease associated with the presence of amoebas.

(biology, medicine, countable) Any of various such diseases; most especially:

(medicine) An infectious disease caused by the parasitic protozoan Entamoeba histolytica; amoebic dysentery.


phosphopantetheine

(biochemistry) A derivative of coenzyme A essential to the function of carrier proteins


carrier protein

en-noun

carrier protein (plural carrier proteins)

(biochemistry) Any protein whose function is to transport small molecules (or other proteins) through biological membranes


phosphorothioate

(biochemistry) A derivative of phosphate in which an oxygen atom is replaced with sulfur; especially such a variant of nucleic acid


phosphotransferase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group (phosphorylation)


photoconverted

en-adj

photoconverted (comparative more photoconverted, superlative most photoconverted)

more photoconverted (comparative)
most photoconverted (superlative)

(biochemistry, of a protein etc) modified by photoconversion


photoaffinity labeling

(biochemistry) A technique in which a molecular label may be reversibly bound to a biological macromolecule, the attachment being made or broken photochemically


phytase

(biochemistry) A phosphatase, present in cereals, that catalyzes the hydrolysis of phytic acid into inositol and phosphoric acid.


phytoerythrin

(biochemistry) A red pigment obtained from certain lichen


plakoglobin

en-noun

plakoglobin (countable and uncountable, plural plakoglobins)

(biochemistry) A catenin protein that is a component of desmosomes.


tachykinin

(biochemistry) Any of a family of widespread neuropeptides that excite neurons, evoke behavioral responses, and contract muscles.


synaptophysin

(genetics) A human gene that encodes a synaptic vesicle glycoprotein.


meridiungulate

(zoology) Any of the South American mammals of the extinct clade †Meridiungulata.


multitubercolate

(zoology) Any of a group of extinct mammals of the order Multituberculata


pantodont

(zoology) Any of many extinct mammals of the suborder Pantodonta


pantolest

(zoology) Any of several extinct mammals of the suborder †Pantolesta


pleurodire

(zoology) Any of a group of side-necked turtles of the suborder Pleurodira


podocnemidid

(zoology) Any of a group of side-necked turtles of the family Podocnemididae


poikilothermy

(biology) The quality of having a body temperature that varies or fluctuates, depending on the temperature of the environment; cold-bloodedness.

Poikilothermie

the quality of having a variable body temperature depending on the environment

Djungarian hamster

also Siberian hamster, Russian winter white dwarf hamster


polycistronic

en-adj

polycistronic (comparative more polycistronic, superlative most polycistronic)

more polycistronic (comparative)
most polycistronic (superlative)

(genetics, of mRNA) Encoding multiple different polypeptides.


polyphenylalanine

polyphenylalanines (plural)
poly-phenylalanine (alternative)

(biochemistry) A polypeptide (or fragment) containing only phenylalanine


polyploidization

en-noun

polyploidization (countable and uncountable, plural polyploidizations)

(genetics) hybridization that leads to polyploidy


polyprotein

(biochemistry) Any protein (especially ones produced by viruses) that cleave to produce a number of polypeptides, some of which act as hormones


polytomy

(taxonomy) A section of a phylogeny in which the evolutionary relationships cannot be fully resolved to dichotomies


sirenian

/sʌɪˈɹiːnɪən/

From the scientific name, translingual Sirenia.

The cetaceans (whales and dolphins) together with the sirenians (sea cows and manatees) are the sea mammals best-adapted to the seas of today, but it is the cetaceans that have most engaged the attention of mankind as both prey and fellow sentient being.

2011 September 22, Richard Shelton, “Sheep, pig, whale”, in Times Literary Supplement:

(zoology) Any of a group of aquatic, herbivorous mammals of the order Sirenia, a manatee or a dugong.


ovipara

From New Latin, neuter plural of oviparus (“oviparous”).


taeniodont

From Ancient Greek ταινία (tainía, “band, ribbon”) + -odont.

der

(zoology) Any of a group of extinct mammals of the suborder Taeniodonta


tillodont

(zoology) Any of a group of extinct mammals of the order Tillodontia.


virgin birth

en-noun

virgin birth (countable and uncountable, plural virgin births)

(biology) A birth (or vegetal reproduction) after spontaneous, unfertilized gamete-development in a virginal mother, parthenogenesis.

maagdelijke geboorte

birth in a virginal mother; parthenogenesis


abasic

From abasia + -ic (“having the nature of”).

(biochemistry, of a site in a DNA molecule) That has neither a purine nor a pyrimidine base.


abasic

(genetics, biochemistry) Missing a nucleotide base


synaptojanin

(biochemistry) A protein involved in vesicle uncoating in neurons.


synapsin

(biochemistry) Any of a family of proteins implicated in the regulation of neurotransmitter release at synapses


uninjected

(biology, zoology) Not having received an injection.


antiarch

(zoology) Any of a group of extinct placoderms of the order Antiarchi


arthrodiran

(zoology) Any of a group of extinct fish of the order Arthrodira.


atherinomorph

(zoology) Any of a group of rainbowfish and silversides of the order Atherinomorpha.


xiphisternum

xiphisternum (plural xiphisterna or xiphisternums)

xiphisterna (plural)
xiphisternums (plural)

Ancient Greek ξίφος (xíphos, “sword”) + English -i- (in place of the etymologically consistent -o-) + English sternum

Hence the spaces between the forks of the hyposternum and between the hypo- and xiphisternums are relatively much smaller, and the external process of the hyposternum is twice as broad as in the common Cock.

1866, W. K. Parker, “On the Osteology of Gallinaceous Birds and Tinamous”, in Transactions of the Zoological Society of London, Volume 5, Zoological Society of London, page 165:

1887, "Skeleton", entry in The Encyclopædia Britannica, Volume 22, 9th Edition, page 113,
The xiphisternum may assume various forms, but attains its maximum development in Birds, where it forms the part of the sternum posterior to the attachment of the ribs, and may consist of a median and four lateral processes, as in the Fowl. It bears the greater part of the keel.

Unfixed cartilage was studied. It was isolated from the xiphisterna of female Sprague-Dawley rats (150-200 g body weight) killed by cervical fracture. The xiphisternum was removed immediately at its point of attachment to the sternal column.

1968, The Histochemical Journal, Volume 2, page 425:

Again, the distance between the umbilicus and the xiphisternum is divided into three equal parts, corresponding to 28, 32, and 36 weeks. At 36 weeks, the fundus is at the level of the xiphisternum.

2015, Lakshmi Seshadri, Gita Arjun, Essentials of Obstetrics, Wolters Kluwer, page 107:

(biology, anatomy, medicine) Synonym of xiphoid process.


carcharhiniform

(zoology) Any ground shark of the order Carcharhiniformes.


chromogenic

en-adj

chromogenic (comparative more chromogenic, superlative most chromogenic)

more chromogenic (comparative)
most chromogenic (superlative)

From chromo- + -genic or chromogen + -ic.

(biology) Containing or producing chromogen.


chromogen

(biology) A strongly pigmented organelle or organism.


chromophobe

We have made diagnoses of medulloblastomas, astrocytomas, glioblastomatous or sarcomatous tumors, periadventitial and meningeal sarcomatoses, meningiomas, and a chromophobe adenoma.

2013, Klaus Joachim Zülch, Brain Tumors: Their Biology and Pathology, page 53:

(cytology) Any cell that is resistant to staining


clasper

(zoology) Any of several appendages, in insects, crustacea and fish, that are used to clasp the female during copulation.


clavulanate

From clavulanic acid + -ate (“salt, ester”).

(biochemistry, organic chemistry) Any salt or ester of clavulanic acid.


clavulanic

(biochemistry) Of or pertaining to clavulanic acid or its derivatives.


cotranscription

en-noun

cotranscription (countable and uncountable, plural cotranscriptions)

(genetics) The simultaneous transcription of two or more genes.


cytoarchitecture

cytoarchitecture (countable and uncountable, plural cytoarchitectures)

(biology) The arrangement of cells in an organism or organ


ectodin

ectodin (countable and uncountable, plural ectodins)

bone morphogenetic protein
bone morphogenetic protein

(biochemistry) A secreted inhibitor of bone morphogenetic proteins


bone morphogenetic protein

bone morphogenetic protein (plural bone morphogenetic proteins)

(biochemistry) Any of a family of proteins that encourage the formation of bone and cartilage


elongator

(biochemistry) Any of a family of proteins associated with histone acetylation


endoglycosidase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that releases oligosaccharides from glycoproteins or glycolipids


motoric

en-adj

motoric (comparative more motoric, superlative most motoric)

more motoric (comparative)
most motoric (superlative)

The 'movement' was simultaneously emotional and motoric, and essentially autonomous (thus distinguishing it from passive jerkings and other pathology).

(biology) Relating to the motor faculties.


foraminiferan

/fəˌɹamɪˈnɪfəɹən/

Eocene foraminiferans are very different from Pliocene ones, and even within the Eocene there are many fine time divisions that can be recognised using foraminifera.

2004, Richard Fortey, The Earth, Folio Society, published 2011, page 146:

(zoology, paleontology) An organism of the phylum Foraminifera; a foraminifer.


glycation

(biochemistry) non-enzymatic reaction of a sugar and an amine group of a protein to form a glycoprotein


haplodeficient

(genetics) Describing a gene that is mutant or absent in one diploid copy.


histodifferentiation

en-noun

histodifferentiation (countable and uncountable, plural histodifferentiations)

(biology) The differentiation of cell types during the development of an embryo.


holocephalan

(zoology) Any cartilaginous fish of the subclass Holocephali; a chimera.


hypomethylated

en-adj

hypomethylated (comparative more hypomethylated, superlative most hypomethylated)

more hypomethylated (comparative)
most hypomethylated (superlative)

(biochemistry) Less than normally methylated


regnal

From Medieval Latin rēgnālis, from Latin rēgnum + -ālis.

(biology, taxonomy) Pertaining to a taxon at the rank of regnum (or kingdom).


leucoagglutinin

en-noun

leucoagglutinin (countable and uncountable, plural leucoagglutinins)

leucoagglutinins (plural)
leukoagglutinin (alternative)

(biochemistry) An antigenic glycoprotein that causes agglutination of white blood cells


livebearing

(biology) That bears live offspring; viviparous


nitrocefin

(biology) chromogenic cephalosporin used for detection of beta-lactamase activity


striatal

From striate + -al, from Latin striatum, past participle of strio (“to groove”).

The availability of dopamine can lead to the translocation of dopamine D1 receptors from the cytosol to the plasma membrane ( 22 ), and down-regulation of striatal dopamine D2 receptors has been shown to occur after 7 days of motor training in developing rats ( 23 ).

2009 February 6, Fiona McNab et al., “Changes in Cortical Dopamine D1 Receptor Binding Associated with Cognitive Training”, in Science, volume 323, number 5915, →DOI, pages 800–802:

(biology) Pertaining to the corpus striatum.


paxillin

paxillin (countable and uncountable, plural paxillins)

(biochemistry) A signal transduction adaptor protein


perisome

In many Echinoïda, as in the Asteroïda, the calcareous plates of the perisome are movably connected together, and so allow of changes in the form of the body.

1878, Carl Gegenbaur, Elements of Comparative Anatomy, page 205:

(biology) The outer body of an invertebrate; the integument


persister

(biology) Any organism that survives a period of extreme conditions, such as winter or is tolerant of normal antibiotics


phosphoribosyltransferase

(biochemistry) Any transferase that transfers a phosphoribosyl group


photostimulation

(biology, physics) The activation of a biological organ or organism by means of light


phyllolepid

(zoology) Any extinct placoderm of the order †Phyllolepida.


phytodetritus

(biology) marine detritus, of plant origin, that slowly sinks to the depths and is the food source for abyssal benthic communities


potentiator

(biology) A reagent that enhances sensitization of an antigen.


allomother

/ˈæləˌmʌðə(ɹ)/

Within hours of birth, baby langurs are spirited away from their mothers. They spend up to 50 percent of daylight hours passed from allomother to allomother

2000, Sarah Blaffer Hrdy, Mother Nature: Maternal Instincts and how They Shape the Human Species, page 162:

Among the !Kung foragers of the Kalahari, babies are held by a father, grandmother, older sibling or some other allomother maybe 25 percent of the time.

2009 March 3, Natalie Angier, “In a Helpless Baby, the Roots of Our Social Glue”, in New York Times:

(zoology) A human or other creature that provides some maternal care for the young born of another.


preprophase

(biology) A phase of plant mitosis before prophase.


presenilin

From presenile + -in, since they were first identified in screens for mutations causing early onset forms of familial Alzheimer's disease.

(biochemistry) Any of a class of transmembrane proteins


probasin

(biochemistry) A protein expressed in the epithelial cells of the prostate.


procapsid

(biochemistry) A capsid that contains no viral nucleic acid.


procollagen

(biochemistry) The precursor of collagen; it is formed in fibroblasts and converted to collagen by a peptidase.


prominin

(biochemistry) Any of a family of polytopic membrane proteins found in all animals


promyelination

(biology) The process that switches on myelination.


protochlorophyllide

(biochemistry) Any of several fluorescent pigments that are converted to chlorophyll by photoconversion.


prototrophic

en-adj

prototrophic (comparative more prototrophic, superlative most prototrophic)

more prototrophic (comparative)
most prototrophic (superlative)

The first two, fast-growing species, were found to be more prototrophic than the last two, slowly growing species.

1969, Nuclear Science Abstracts, Volume 23, Issues 13-15, United States Atomic Energy Commission, page 2526:

Intrastrain fusions resulted in fully prototrophic progeny that were very similar in appearance and growth rate to the original prototrophic parental strain (Stasz et al., 1988a, 1989).

1998, G. E. Harman, C. K. Hayes, K. L. Ondik, “11: Asexual genetics in Trichoderma and Gliocladium: Mechanisms and implications”, in Gary E. Harman, C. P. Kubicek, editors, Trichoderma And Gliocladium: Volume 1, Taylor & Francis, page 255:

2021, Amaia Zúñiga-Ripa, et al., The fast-growing Brucella suis Biovar 5..., Axel Cloeckaert, Michel Stanislas Zygmunt, Nieves Vizcaino, Adrian Whatmore, Holger C. Scholz (editors), Pathogenomics of the Genus Brucella and Beyond, Frontiers Media (Frontiers Open Access E-books), page 177,
These differences suggested that B. suis 513 is more prototrophic than B. abortus 2308W (see section “Discussion”), and thus we examined the vitamin requirements of B. suis 513.

(biology) Of or pertaining to a prototroph or to prototrophy.

prototrophe

of or pertaining to a prototroph or to prototrophy


proventriculus

From New Latin proventriculus (19th century), from pro- + ventriculus.

In fulmars, the proventriculus is very baggy, and has thick wrinkled walls lined with glands that excrete the waxy oil which courting birds pass to one another in small amounts, perhaps as a way of scent-marking their mate.

2020, Tim Ecott, The Land of Maybe, Short Books, published 2021, page 201:

(zoology) The part of the avian stomach, between the crop and the gizzard, that secretes digestive enzymes.

(zoology) A similar part of the digestive system in insects and myriapods.


pseudokinase

(biochemistry) A protein containing a catalytically inactive kinase domain.


pseudosubstrate

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-pseudosubstrate.wav

(biochemistry) Any substance that mimics the substrate of an enzyme and thus inhibits its activity


pseudotyped

pseudotyped (comparative more pseudotyped, superlative most pseudotyped)

more pseudotyped (comparative)
most pseudotyped (superlative)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-pseudotyped.wav

(biology) Describing a chimeric virus formed with an alphaviral envelope and a retroviral capsid


punctuational

punctuational (comparative more punctuational, superlative most punctuational)

more punctuational (comparative)
most punctuational (superlative)

So how could such a critical thing as language evolve in humans, and was its evolution gradual or punctuational?

2011, Chris Stringer, The Origin of Our Species, Penguin, published 2012, page 156:

(biology) Pertaining to punctuationism; taking place very rapidly, especially within a single generation or in a series of rapid steps.


pycnogonid

(zoology) Any sea spider of the class Pycnogonida.


pyrin

(biochemistry) A protein that regulates the body's inflammatory response to trauma.


episialin

en-noun

episialin (countable and uncountable, plural episialins)

By surface analysis, epithel(ium) + sial(omuc)in or By surface analysis, epi- + sial- + -in; the first most likely reflects the historical origin.

surf

(biochemistry) An epithelial sialomucin.


rachilla

en-noun

rachilla (plural rachillas or rachillae)

rachillas (plural)
rachillae (plural)
rhachilla (alternative)

(botany) The part of a spikelet, in grasses and sedges, that bears the florets

(botany) A rachis of secondary or higher order in leaves and ferns that are compound more than once.


raphidophyte

(biology) Any of a group of unicellular algae of the class Raphidophyceae


eosinophilic

en-adj

eosinophilic (comparative more eosinophilic, superlative most eosinophilic)

more eosinophilic (comparative)
most eosinophilic (superlative)

(cytology) That is readily stained with eosin.


backcrossing

en-noun

backcrossing (countable and uncountable, plural backcrossings)

backcrossings (plural)
back-crossing (alternative)

(genetics) The crossing of a hybrid with one of its parents or an individual genetically similar to its parent.


cervid

(zoology) Any animal (such as the deer) of the family Cervidae.


codominant

A and B are ‘co-dominant’ versions of the same gene, O being the ‘recessive’ form of it.

1999, Matt Ridley, Genome, Harper Perennial, published 2004, page 137:

(genetics) Describing two or more alleles that are equally dominant.


congression

congression (countable and uncountable, plural congressions)

/kənˈɡɹɛʃən/

(genetics) The movement of chromosomes to the spindle equator during mitosis


cosegregating

(genetics) Describing closely linked genes that are inherited together.


forespore

(biology) The structure, in bacteria, in which an endospore develops


generich

en-adj

generich (comparative more generich, superlative most generich)

more generich (comparative)
most generich (superlative)
gene-rich (alternative)

(genetics) Having a higher than normal concentration of genes


geobiology

(geology, biology) The interdisciplinary study of the interactions between the Earth's biosphere and the lithosphere, which incorporates both geology and biology.


germ plasm

Calque of German Keimplasma. From circa 1892.

germ-plasm (alternative)
germplasm (alternative)

If heredity depends on the presence of a substance, the germ-plasm, which causes the production of the new individual by directing the process of division in ontogeny, in the course of which it becomes changed in a regular manner, the question arises as to how unaltered germ-plasm can nevertheless reappear in the germ-cells of the new individual.

1893, August Weismann, translated by W. Newton Parker and Harriet Rönnfeldt, The Germ-plasm: A Theory of Heredity, Charles Scribner's Sons, page 183:

The germ plasm is of paramount interest, not only to the biologist but to all thinking persons, because while the somatic cells cease to exist with the death of the individual whose body they constitute, the germ plasm may live on indefinitely in succeeding generations.

1951, Bradley M. Patten, Early Embryology of the Chick, 4th edition, The Blakiston Company, page 10:

The eugenics movement […] placed the blame squarely on the degenerative germ plasm passed down from generation to generation, corrupting entire bloodlines.

2006, Matt Wray, Not Quite White, page 107:

2014, Eva Jablonka, Marion J. Lamb, Evolution in Four Dimensions, The MIT Press (Bradford Books), page 19,

He reasoned that since the father's germ plasm in the sperm mixes with the mother's germ plasm in the egg, there are two mingled germ plasms in their offspring.

(biology, dated or historical) The cytoplasm of germ cells.


intimin

(biochemistry) An adhesin of certain strains of E. coli.


sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol

sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerols (plural)
sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol (alternative)

Sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol lipids have also been identified in phototrophic and a few other bacterial species.

2001, Bertram Fraser-Reid, editor, Glycoscience, page 2085:

There are four major glyceroplipid components in the thylakoid membranes, namely, monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG), digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG), sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol (SQDG) and phosphatidylglycerol (PG).

2009, Hajime Wada, Norio Murata, editors, Lipids in Photosynthesis, page 2:

(biochemistry) A glycerophospholipid that, along with galactosyldiacylglycerol, is an important component of membranes of chloroplasts and related organelles and one of the most abundant lipids in photosynthetic tissues.


galactosyldiacylglycerol

(biochemistry) A glycerophospholipid that, along with sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol, is an important component of membranes of chloroplasts and related organelles and one of the most abundant lipids in photosynthetic tissues.


cofilin

(biochemistry) Any of a class of proteins which disassemble actin filaments


caprid

(zoology) Of or pertaining to the subfamily Caprinae of ruminants, of which the goat (genus Capra) is the type; Ovis (sheep) are also members.


caprid

(zoology) Any member of the subfamily Caprinae.


Mtb

Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Mycobacterium tuberculosis#Translingual


miliary

(zoology) One of the small tubercles of Echinus sea urchins.


magnetosome

(biology) A membranous prokaryotic organelle, containing mineral crystals, present in magnetotactic bacteria


magnetotactic

magnetotactic (comparative more magnetotactic, superlative most magnetotactic)

more magnetotactic (comparative)
most magnetotactic (superlative)

(biology) Having the ability to orientate in line with a magnetic field.


melanocortin

(biochemistry) Any of a group of pituitary peptide hormones


monastrol

(biochemistry) A compound that inhibits mitosis by interfering with a kinesin protein


codominance

(genetics) A condition in which both alleles of a gene pair in a heterozygote are fully expressed, with neither one being dominant or recessive to the other.


osmoprotectant

(biochemistry) Any osmolyte that helps an organism to survive osmotic stress.


osmosensing

(biology) The regulation of cell turgor in response to changes in the osmolarity of the external environment.


picocyanobacterium

(biology) Any cyanobacterium having dimensions less than about 2 micrometres


erythroblast

(cytology) A cell in the bone marrow from which red blood cells develop


hematin

en-noun

hematin (countable and uncountable, plural hematins)

hematins (plural)
haematin (alternative)
hæmatin (alternative)
hematine (alternative)
haematine (alternative)
hæmatine (alternative)

From Ancient Greek αἷμᾰ (haîmă, “blood”) + -in. By surface analysis, hemat- + -in.

When the stain is of recent date, or supposed to be so, the red corpuscles should be particularly examined, and every care should be taken to preserve them without change. The stains must not be washed with water, so that the hæmatin may not be altered.

1873 December 5, “The Examination of Blood-Stains”, in William Crookes, editor, The Chemical News and Journal of Physical Science, volume XXVIII, number 732, page 291:

A urinary pH of 5.6 or less causes myoglobin to dissociate into globin and hematin (Reilly & Salluzzo, 1990).

2005, Sharon G. Childs, “Rhabdomyolysis”, in Orthopaedic Nursing, volume 24, number 6, →PMID, page 445:

(biochemistry) Hemoglobin with iron in ferric state.

This study was a multi-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial in premenopausal women between 18 and 50 years old with cyclic (22 to 35 days) abnormal uterine bleeding in ≥4 of the last 6 menstrual cycles, menstrual blood loss ≥80 mL as measured by the alkaline hematin method over the first 8 days of menses, ≥1 discrete uterine fibroid of any size and location observable by transvaginal ultrasound, follicle-stimulating hormone ≤20 mIU/mL, and uterine volume ≤20 weeks by exam.

2016 May 9, “Allergan and Richter Announce Positive Phase III Results for Ulipristal Acetate 5 and 10 mg in the Treatment of Uterine Fibroids”, in PR Newswire:


plasmodiocarp

(mycology) A fruiting body of certain myxomycetes


receptosome

(biology) A cytoplasmic vesicle formed when a clathrin coating is removed


verticillate

en-adj

verticillate (comparative more verticillate, superlative most verticillate)

more verticillate (comparative)
most verticillate (superlative)


recombineering

(genetics) A technique, modelled on natural homologous recombination, used to systematically modify DNA


recombinogenic

(genetics) Giving rise to recombinant DNA


renaturation

(biochemistry) The reconstruction of the original form of a protein or nucleic acid following denaturation


renature

en-verb

renature (third-person singular simple present renatures, present participle renaturing, simple past and past participle renatured)

renatures (present singular third-person)
renaturing (participle present)
renatured (participle past)
renatured (past)

From re- + nature, coined as an opposite to denature.

(biochemistry) To reconstruct the original form of a protein or nucleic acid following denaturation


repalmitoylated

(biochemistry) palmitoylated again, following deacylation


repressilator

Escherichia coli
Escherichia coli#Translingual

green fluorescent protein
green fluorescent protein

(biochemistry) An artificial system, genetically implemented using Escherichia coli and green fluorescent protein, that exhibits stable oscillation.


rhynchocephalian

(zoology) Any of a group of reptiles of the order Rhynchocephalia; a tuatara.


ribonucleoside

(biochemistry) Any nucleoside component of RNA.


riboprobe

(genetics) A segment of RNA that is used to probe for a complementary sequence of nucleotides in a DNA or mRNA.


rottlerin

(biochemistry) A protein kinase inhibitor derived from the kamala tree (Mallotus philippinensis, syn. Rottlera tinctoria).


scaRNA

small Cajal body-specific RNA
w:small Cajal body-specific RNA

(genetics) Abbreviation of small Cajal body-specific RNA.


ombrotrophy

(biology) The state or condition of receiving water and nutrients only from precipitation rather than streams or springs.


porcate

en-adj

porcate (comparative more porcate, superlative most porcate)

more porcate (comparative)
most porcate (superlative)

Latin porca (“a ridge between two furrows”).

(zoology) Having grooves or furrows broader than the intervening ridges; furrowed.


malpighiaceous

malpighiaceous (comparative more malpighiaceous, superlative most malpighiaceous)

more malpighiaceous (comparative)
most malpighiaceous (superlative)

(botany) Of, relating to, or similar to the plants in the Malpighiaceae family.


beta-lactamase

beta-lactamases (plural)
β-lactamase (alternative)
betalactamase (alternative)

(biochemistry) An enzyme produced by certain bacteria, responsible for their resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics such as penicillin.


sclerochronology

en-noun

sclerochronology (countable and uncountable, plural sclerochronologies)

(biology) The study of physical and chemical variations in the accretionary hard tissues of organisms, and the temporal context in which they are formed.


selenomethionine

selenomethionine (countable and uncountable, plural selenomethionines)

(biochemistry) An amino acid related to methionine by the replacement of its sulfur atom by one of selenium


siRNA

siRNA (countable and uncountable, plural siRNAs)

small interfering RNA
small interfering RNA

short interfering RNA
short interfering RNA

(genetics) small interfering RNA (or short interfering RNA or silencing RNA)


spheroplast

The localization of overexpressed TTHA1718 was then analysed by measuring 2D 1 H– 15 N HSQC spectra of spheroplasts and periplasmic extract, which were fractionated from TTHA1718-expressing 15 N-labelled cells by lysozyme-EDTA treatment using the conditions described previously 35 .

2009 March 5, Daisuke Sakakibara et al., “Protein structure determination in living cells by in-cell NMR spectroscopy”, in Nature, volume 458, number 7234, →DOI:

(cytology) A cell from which the cell wall has been removed


erythrocytosis

erythrocytosis (countable and uncountable, plural erythrocytoses)

(biology, medicine) Synonym of polycythemia


amyloglucosidase

(biochemistry) A form of amylase used industrially to produce sugars from starches

amiloglucosidasi

a form of amylase used industrially to produce sugars from starches


carbonic anhydrase

carbonic anhydrase (plural carbonic anhydrases)

(biochemistry) Any of a group of enzymes that catalyze the conversion of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate


chymotrypsinogen

(biochemistry) An inactive precursor to chymotrypsin


amino-terminal

(biochemistry) Describing the amino acid, at one end of a polypeptide or protein, that has a free amino group

aminoterminal

of an amino acid, having a free amino group


amyloidogenesis

(biochemistry) The production of amyloid