dentulous

The teeth of such of the reptiles as are dentulous, are simple organs of prehension, and not intended for mastication.

1874 June, W. C. Barrett, "The Anatomical and Histological Structure of Deciduous Teeth," Transactions of the Dental Society of the State of New York, p. 121 (Google preview)

No dentulous jaws of multituberculates found in deposits of Early Cretaceous age have yet been described.

1979, William A. Clemens and Zofia Kielan-Jaworowska, "Multituberculata," in Jason A. Lillegraven et al. (eds.), Mesozoic Mammals, p. 112 (Google preview)

Edentulous patients with an atrophic mandible require a different plating strategy than dentulous patients who have a greater amount of bone.

2011, K. J. Lee, Elizabeth H. Toh, editors, Otolaryngology: A Surgical Notebook, →ISBN, page 71:

(usually medicine or zoology) Having natural teeth.


adenylate cyclase

adenosine triphosphate
adenosine triphosphate

cyclic adenosine monophosphate
cyclic adenosine monophosphate

(biochemistry) An enzyme which cyclizes adenosine triphosphate (ATP) into cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP, cAMP), having key regulatory roles in essentially all cells.


proximate principle

en-noun

proximate principle (plural proximate principles)

(biochemistry, archaic) Any of a class of substances found ready-formed in animal and vegetable tissues, and separable by chemical analysis, such as albumin, sugar, collagen, fat, etc.


zeuzerine

(zoology) Of or relating to the subfamily Zeuzerinae.


brunneous

en-adj

brunneous (comparative more brunneous, superlative most brunneous)

more brunneous (comparative)
most brunneous (superlative)

Borrowed from Medieval Latin brunneus (“brown”), derived from Proto-Germanic *brūnaz (“brown”).


rufobrunneous

rufobrunneous (comparative more rufobrunneous, superlative most rufobrunneous)

more rufobrunneous (comparative)
most rufobrunneous (superlative)

(zoology) Of a dark reddish-brown colour.


pulse wave

H. N. Martin
The pulse wave travels over the arterial system at the rate of about 29.5 feet in a second.

(biology) The wave of increased pressure started by the ventricular systole, radiating from the semilunar valves over the arterial system, and gradually disappearing in the smaller branches.


rhamnodiastase

en-noun

rhamnodiastase (countable and uncountable, plural rhamnodiastases)

(biochemistry) An enzyme found in Rhamnus dahurica, used in the hydrolysis of flavonoid glycosides.


transglucosidase

(biochemistry) A kind of enzyme capable of converting starch into oligosaccharides.


postmentum

(zoology) The basal part of the labium in insects.


gnathochilarium

/ˌneɪ.θəʊˌkaɪˈlɛəɹi.əm/

(zoology) A lower lip to the buccal cavity in certain insects.


coxosternite

(zoology) A basal plate making up the maxillae in some insects or the first pair of legs of Chilopoda, formed from the fused coxae of each leg plus the ventral body plate, the sternite.


maxillula

(zoology) Either of the first pair of maxillae in crustaceans.


orbitolinid

(zoology) Any foraminifer in the family Orbitolinidae.


orthonectid

(zoology) Any of the Orthonectida, a small phylum of parasites of marine invertebrates.


culturomics

From culture + -omics (“study of the totality”); first described in a 2010 Science article by Harvard researchers Jean-Baptiste Michel and Erez Lieberman Aiden.


monestrous

The dog, wolf, and fox are monestrous, the fox and wolf having one and the dog two cycles in a year.

1977, Solomon Zuckerman, Barbara J. Weir, editors, The Ovary: Volume 2 Physiology, 2nd edition, →ISBN:

Males of monestrous species also exhibit a cycle, being sexually active only during the females' estrus.

2005, Robert Hine, The Facts on File Dictionary of Biology, 4th edition, →ISBN, page 129:

Most wild carnivorous mammals are monestrous.

2013, William O. Reece, Functional Anatomy and Physiology of Domestic Animals, →ISBN, page 477:

(biology) Of or pertaining to a mammal, such as the dog, that only enters into heat once during each of its normal breeding cycles.


dry bite

(zoology) A bite by a venomous animal in which no venom is released.


biopedturbation

From bio- + Ancient Greek πέδον (pédon, “soil”) + Latin turbātiō (“disturbance; confusion”).

der

The implications of the biopedturbation caused by sooty shearwater burrowing to the extent measured in this study may be profound for some ecosystem processes […]

2006, Walter G. Whitford, Fenton R. Kay, “Biopedturbation by an island ecosystem engineer: Burrowing volumes and litter deposition by sooty shearwaters”, in New Zealand Journal of Zoology, volume 33, number 4:

(geology, ecology) The mixing or disturbance of soil by living organisms, as opposed to disturbance of other media such as sediment or leaf litter.


arolium

(entomology) A median lobe into which the pretarsus expands in an insect's leg.

arolio

a median lobe into which the pretarsus expands in an insect's leg


opilionid

(zoology) Any of the harvestmen/daddy longlegs in the order Opiliones.


onopordum

(botany) Any of the genus Onopordum of asteraceous thistles.


lilioid

(botany) Any of a grade of five monocot orders (Petrosaviales, Dioscoreales, Pandanales, Liliales and Asparagales) in which most species have flowers with relatively large, coloured tepals resembling those of a lily.


phrase name

(Australia, botany) An informal name given to a plant taxon that has not yet been given a formal scientific name. It consists of the generic name, "sp." (to indicate it is a species), a geographical or morphological identifier, and a collector's name and number representing a herbarium specimen.


axon hillock

(biology) A specialized part of the soma of a neuron that connects to the axon. It is the last site in the soma where membrane potentials propagated from synaptic inputs are summated before being transmitted to the axon.


chromatoid

We have no direct evidence that excystation occurs while the chromatoids are present. The amoeba illustrated in Fig. 27 may be excysting with chromatoids. However, this may also be artificial excystation produced by fixation.

(cytology) The part of a nucleus comprising DNA and proteins where chromosomes are formed.


anthropochorous

/ænθɹɒpəˈkɔːɹəs/

From anthropo- (“man, human”) + Ancient Greek χωρίζω (khōrízō, “separate, spread”).

pre

(ecology, of fauna, or flora) that have populations transported as aliens to geographical areas by the direct or indirect, typically inadvertent, action of humans.

From their initial habitats, many anthropochorous insects have been transported by humans around the globe and several are now cosmopolitan in distribution.

2003, Kevin J. Edwards, Ian Ralston, Scotland After the Ice Age: Environment, Archaeology and History, 8000 BC - AD 1000:

(ecology, of fauna, or flora) that have populations effectively relying on human transport or action, typically inadvertent, for their propagation.


anthropochore

(ecology) A species that depends on anthropochory as a routine means of reproductive dispersal.

Although most anthropochores undoubtedly have been transported by man from the Old World to the New, there is evidence that at least some now known from Europe first became known from the United States and were carried east.

(ecology) A population of a species in a region where it does not natively occur, established by anthropochorous events in the past.


true daikon

(botany) The common daikon, to distinguish the principal large, long, and white variety from various other forms such as the watermelon radish.


pantothere

(zoology) Any of the Pantotheria, a (now abandoned) taxon of Mesozoic mammals.


pericline

en-noun

pericline (countable and uncountable, plural periclines)


frogger

(biology) The pronged plater used in frogging (transferring cells to another plate).


mutational meltdown

mutational meltdown (countable and uncountable, plural mutational meltdowns)

(genetics) The process by which a small population accumulates harmful mutations, which leads to loss of fitness and decline of the population size, which may lead to further accumulation of deleterious mutations due to fixation by genetic drift.


multimale

(biology) Comprising more than one male.


multifemale

(biology) Comprising more than one female.


oligotrich

(biology) Any of a group of ciliate protozoa, included among the spirotrichs, with prominent oral cilia, which are arranged as a collar and lapel, in contrast to the choreotrichs where they form a complete circle


ophidiiform

(zoology) Any ray-finned fish of the order Ophidiiformes


hemibranch

(zoology) In fishes, either of the two rows of gill filaments that form a gill arch.


holobranch

(zoology) A pair of hemibranchs on the same gill arch.


witch's broom

witch's broom (countable and uncountable, plural witch's brooms)

witch's brooms (plural)
witches' broom (alternative)

(phytopathology) A disease or deformity in a woody plant, typically a tree, such that the natural structure of the plant is changed so that a dense mass of shoots grows from a single point.


alkylresorcinol

(biochemistry) A phenolic lipid composed of long aliphatic chains and resorcinol-type phenolic rings.


ononin

(biochemistry) An isoflavone, the 7-O-glucoside of formononetin, found in various plants and herbs, including the soybean.


xenognosin

(biochemistry) Any organic compound that stimulates the formation of a haustorium.


clavarioid

en-adj

clavarioid (comparative more clavarioid, superlative most clavarioid)

more clavarioid (comparative)
most clavarioid (superlative)

(mycology) Resembling the Clavaria, a genus of fungi.


richardia

From the genus name, after the French botanist L. C. M. Richard (1754-1821) and his son.

(botany) Any of the genus Richardia of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae.


rice blast

(phytopathology) A disease of rice caused by the fungus Magnaporthe grisea.


Goldberg-Hogness box

en-noun

Goldberg-Hogness box (plural Goldberg-Hogness boxes)

Named after American biochemist David Hogness and his graduate student Michael Goldberg, who identified it in 1978.


cisregulatory

(genetics) Regulating the transcription of nearby genes.


cisregulation

(genetics) Regulation of the transcription of nearby genes.


rhamnohexose

rhamnohexose (countable and uncountable, plural rhamnohexoses)

(biochemistry) A carbohydrate with chemical formula C₇H₁₄O₆.


digitoxose

digitoxose (countable and uncountable, plural digitoxoses)

(biochemistry) The glycone of digitoxin or gitoxin


photophobous

en-adj

photophobous (comparative more photophobous, superlative most photophobous)

more photophobous (comparative)
most photophobous (superlative)

(biology) That thrives at a relatively low light level; photophobic.


phytophile

(biology) Any organism that thrives around plants


neckeraceous

(botany) Belonging to the Neckeraceae, a family of mosses.


maltokinase

en-noun

maltokinase (countable and uncountable, plural maltokinases)

(biochemistry) An enzyme that catalyses the chemical reaction ATP + maltose ⇌ ADP + alpha-maltose 1-phosphate.


(biochemistry) A hydrolase enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction 5,10-methenyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin + H₂O ⇌ 5-formyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin.


tree of life

en:metaphor for phylogenetic relationships; diagram thereof

(biology) A metaphor used to describe the phylogenetic relationships between organisms, both living and extinct; a diagram that shows those relationships, with a treelike appearance.


vis vitalis

Borrowed from Latin vīs vītālis (“life force”).


vis vitae

From Latin vis (“energy, force, power, strength”) + vita (“life”).


oryzin

Aspergillus oryzae
Aspergillus oryzae#Translingual

(biochemistry) A predominant extracellular alkaline endopeptidase of the mold Aspergillus oryzae.


aspergillopepsin

(biochemistry) Any of a group of pepsins found in Aspergillus fungi.


xerochasy

(biology) Dehiscence that occurs upon drying.


postmedial

Head, thorax, and abdomen yellow and white. Fore wing white, with the costal half to end of cell suffused with fuscous; an obscure fuscous triangular postmedial mark with its apex on inner margin, its inner limb with a black speck […]

(biology) Located behind (further towards the rear than) the middle.


aposematically

Some bees are aposematically coloured.


restionaceous

(botany, relational) Belonging or relating to the Restionaceae.


silver grain

(botany) The lines or narrow plates of cellular tissue which pass from the pith to the bark of an exogenous stem; the medullary rays. In the wood of the oak they are much larger than in that of the beech, maple, pine, cherry, etc.


uniform distribution

en-noun

uniform distribution (plural uniform distributions)

(biology) The presence of a roughly equal distance between specimens of a particular species within their normal species range.


clumped distribution

clumped distribution (plural clumped distributions)

(biology) The tendency of specimens of a particular species to appear in discrete groups at different places within their species range.


micromammal

(zoology) Any very small mammal (such as a shrew or mouse)


circummundane

(chiefly zoology) Existing throughout the world.


megadrile

(zoology, obsolete) A terrestrial oligochaete (worm of the superorder Megadrilacea in class Oligochaeta)


chloragogen cell

chloragogen cell (plural chloragogen cells)

(zoology) A cell in annelids, with a similar function to the liver


cataplerosis

From Ancient Greek κατά (katá, “down”) + πλήρωσις (plḗrōsis), from πληρόω (plēróō, “to fill”) + -σῐς (-sĭs).

(biochemistry) The removal of intermediate metabolites, especially in the citric acid cycle, to prevent their accumulation in the mitochondrial matrix.


cataplerotic

(biochemistry) Relating to cataplerosis.


glucoincretin

(biochemistry) Any of a class of peptide hormones derived from preproglucagon


ichnofamily

(paleontology) Any family known only from trace fossils, such as footprints, coprolites or nests.


ichnospecies

From ichno- (“trace”) + species, suggesting an analogy with the species level of the taxonomy of organisms.

There is certainly little discussion of distinctive features that warrant the establishment of new ichnospecies. In short, the ichnospecies labels are something of a compromise. By this we mean that the use of familiar ichnogenera (Grallator, Eubrontes, and Batrachopus) acknowledges similarity, whereas the use of new ichnospecies names conveys the suggestion that the track assemblages are distinct in some way.

2000, Martin Lockley, Christian Meyer, Dinosaur Tracks and Other Fossil Footprints of Europe, Columbia University Press, page 112:

Oldhamia encompasses six ichnospecies, O. alata, O. antiqua, O. curvata, O. flabellata, O. geniculata, and O. radiata, all of them present in lower Cambrian rocks, with a few ichnospecies persisting into the middle Cambrian (Fig. 3.5) (Seilacher et al. 2005; Herbosch and Verniers 2011; Jensen et al. 2013).

2016, M. Gabriela Mángano, Luis A. Buatois, “3: The Cambrian Explosion”, in M. Gabriela Mángano, Luis A. Buatois, editors, The Trace-Fossil Record of Major Evolutionary Events: Volume 1, Springer, page 85:

A recent paper by a team from Brazil described a new ichnospecies of these tracks: Brasilichnium saltatorium.

2017 March 22, Elsa Panciroli, The Guardian, Walking in the footsteps of giants and gerbils: what fossil prints can tell us

(paleontology) A level of taxonomical classification of trace fossils.

ichnoespèce

level of classification of trace fossils


ichnotaxonomy

(paleontology) The branch of taxonomy that attempts to classify an animal based on its footprints, burrows, or other traces


black rust

(phytopathology) A disease of wheat, in which a black, moist substance is deposited in the fissures of the grain.


-tropism

From Latin tropus (English trope) + -ism, from Ancient Greek τρόπος (trópos, “a turn, way, manner, style, a trope or figure of speech, a mode in music, a mode or mood in logic”), from τροπή (tropḗ, “turn; solstice; trope”). Early use in botany as geotropism and heliotropism.


monodominant

(ecology) dominated by organisms of a single species


monodominance

(ecology) The condition of being monodominant


MET

en-noun

MET (countable and uncountable, plural METs or METS)

(biochemistry) Abbreviation of methylethyltryptamine, a hallucinogenic tryptamine.

(biochemistry) Abbreviation of methionine, an essential nonpolar amino acid.

(biology) The gene symbol for C-Met, a proto-oncogene in human biology.


behavioristics

(biology) The study of the behavior of an organism in relation to its environment


calcemic

(biology, medicine) Of or pertaining to calcemia: (usually, especially) regarding trends of calcium (Ca) concentration over time.

natremic

biometallic cation concentration in blood


mercapturic

(biochemistry) Related to a mercapturic acid or its derivative


mercapturic acid

mercapturic acid (plural mercapturic acids)

(biochemistry) Any of a class of conjugates of cysteine or glutathione with any other compounds


mesopolyploid

(genetics) That has become polyploid in more recent history


paleopolyploid

(genetics) That became polyploid in the distant past


chignolin

(biochemistry) A synthetic decapeptide that folds into a beta-hairpin structure in water.


chactid

This character persisted in the literature despite the knowledge of chactids that do not have two pairs of lateral eyes and of vaejovids that do not have three pairs.

1990, Gary A. Polis, The Biology of Scorpions, page 103:

(zoology) Any scorpion in the family Chactidae.


daboecia

From the genus name, from Dabheog, the name of a late antique Irish saint.

(botany) Any of the genus Daboecia of evergreen shrubs related to heather.


zoamylin

From Ancient Greek ζωή (zōḗ, “life”) and amylin.

(biology, archaic) The amorphous amylaceous matter contained in the vertebrate and invertebrate foetal tissues.


pseudodiploid

(genetics) diploid, but with chromosomal translocations


zoster sine herpete

(medicine, pathology, virology) Herpes zoster in the absence of a rash.


mixis

From Ancient Greek μίξις (míxis, “mingling”).

(biology) reproduction by the fusion of gametes


haemodoraceous

suf

translingual <i class="Latn mention" lang="mul">Haemodoraceae</i>

(botany) Of or relating to the family Haemodoraceae (bloodworts).


axanthism

(zoology) Absence of yellow pigmentation.


xenobiosis

Although this explanation is readily suggested by the well-known cases of dulosis and xenobiosis in ants, we are, nevertheless, bound to reject it for the following reasons […]

1904, Bulletin of the University of Texas: Scientific series:

(biology) A form of symbiosis where one species of ant lives with another and the two species raise their young separately.


phyllogenous

Several of the xylogenous species appear to be of the same nature. The phyllogenous forms seem to be of a different character, but we are not concerned with them here.


xylogenous

It occurs in nearly all maculicole fungi, and is exhibited by certain xylogenous fungi, such as Hysterographium.

1901, Contributions from the Botanical Survey of Nebraska, University of Nebraska:


neoregelia

(botany) Any of the genus Neoregelia of flowering plants in the bromeliad family.


odonatan

(zoology) Any member of the Odonata (dragonflies etc.).


xenarthral

/zəˈnɑɹθɹəl/

From Ancient Greek. See Xenarthra, xen-, and arthro- for more.


duovirus

So called because these viruses replicate in the duodenum and, at the time, were thought to have a double protein outer coat; see duo.


dynactin

en-noun

dynactin (countable and uncountable, plural dynactins)

(biochemistry) dynein activator complex: a multi-subunit protein found in eukaryotic cells that aids in bidirectional intracellular transport by binding to dynein and kinesin-2 and linking them to the organelle or vesicle to be transported.


despeciation

(biology, taxonomy) The loss of a unique species of animal due to its combining with another previously distinct species.

(biology, immunology, physiology, medicine) The loss of antigenic specificity in an antigen or an antibody thereto.


arrhenotoky

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀρρενοτοκία (arrhenotokía), from ἄρρην (árrhēn) + τόκος (tókos).

bor

(biology) The production of male offspring by parthenogenesis.

arrenotoquia

the production of male offspring by parthenogenesis


dextranase

en-noun

dextranase (countable and uncountable, plural dextranases)

(biochemistry) An enzyme that catalyzes the endohydrolysis of (1->6)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in dextran.


dextransucrase

dextransucrase (countable and uncountable, plural dextransucrases)

(biochemistry) An enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction sucrose + (1,6-alpha-D-glucosyl)n ⇌ D-fructose + (1,6-alpha-D-glucosyl)n⁺1.


dihydroorotase

dihydroorotase (countable and uncountable, plural dihydroorotases)

(biochemistry) An enzyme that converts carbamoyl aspartic acid into 4,5-dihydroorotic acid in the biosynthesis of pyrimidines.


dimethylallyltranstransferase

(biochemistry) An enzyme that converts dimethylallylpyrophosphate and isopentenyl pyrophosphate into farnesylpyrophosphate.


dimethylallylpyrophosphate

(biochemistry) An intermediate product of the mevalonic acid pathway and the DOXP/MEP pathway. It is an isomer of isopentenyl pyrophosphate.


dimethylargininase

(biochemistry) An enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction N-omega,N-omega'-methyl-L-arginine + H₂O ⇌ dimethylamine + L-citrulline.


dolichyldiphosphatase

(biochemistry) A hydrolase enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction dolichyl diphosphate + H₂O ⇌ dolichyl phosphate + phosphate.


gorgonopsian

(zoology) Any member of the extinct suborder Gorgonopsia of therapsid synapsids.


drosulfakinin

drosulfakinin (countable and uncountable, plural drosulfakinins)

(biochemistry) An immunoreactive neuropeptide present in Drosophila


exodeoxyribonuclease

(biochemistry) Any of a group of esterases that catalyze the division of DNA.


ureotelism

(biochemistry) The excretion of excess nitrogen as urea


uricotelism

(biochemistry) The excretion of uric acid or its salts as a result of deamination


uromodulin

Tamm-Horsfall protein
Tamm-Horsfall protein


club cell

Named for their shape. See usage notes at Clara cell.

(anatomy, cytology) A dome-shaped cell with short microvilli, found in the bronchioles of the lungs, and capable of secreting glycosaminoglycans, in order to protect the bronchiole lining.


mammaglobin

(biochemistry) A particular secretoglobin protein, associated with breast cancer


karyosome

karyosome (countable and uncountable, plural karyosomes)

(cytology) The chromatin material inside a cell nucleus when the cell is not undergoing mitotic division.


livetin

(biochemistry) A protein found in egg yolk.


nominotypical

Motacilla alba alba is the nominotypical subspecies of the white wagtail (Motacilla alba).

(zoology, botany) Of a subspecies: nominate, having a name which repeats the species name, designating that it represents the originally described population.

Four species of the nominotypical subgenus are positively recorded from America north of Mexico... [referring to Physonota (Physonota) arizonae and three other species]

2002, Ross H. Arnett, JR, Michael C. Thomas, Paul E. Skelley, J. Howard Frank, American Beetles, Volume II, page 646:

(zoology, botany) Of a subgenus or other infrageneric taxon: having a name which repeats the genus name, indicating that it includes the type species. For older botanical subgeneric and sectional names, it is sometimes prefixed with Eu-.


pittosporaceous

From translingual Pittosporaceae + -ous.

(botany, relational) Of or relating to the Pittosporaceae.


Kovac's reagent

Invented by the Hungarian-Swiss chemist Ervin Kovats (Kovacs) (1927–2010).

hydrochloric acid
hydrochloric acid#English

(biochemistry) A biochemical reagent consisting of isoamyl alcohol, paradimethylaminobenzaldehyde and concentrated hydrochloric acid.


extranidal

The first extranidal task, a foraging trip, is performed after the second or third orientation flight. The young worker may collect various types of loads, such as nest materials, food, and water […]

1991, Kenneth G. Ross, Robert W. Matthews, The Social Biology of Wasps, page 247:


pseudofruit

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-pseudofruit.wav

(botany) A fruit which includes tissue not derived from the ovary but from some adjacent tissue.


drepanium

(botany) A helicoid cyme whose successive pedicels are aligned on the same plane.


rhipidium

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ῥιπίδιον (rhipídion).

(botany) A scorpioid cyme whose successive pedicels follow a zigzag path on the same plane.


heterothetic

(botany, of a compound raceme inflorescence) Not ending with a final raceme.


anthela

(botany) A cymose corymb with the lateral flowers higher than the central ones.

antela

a cymose corymb with the lateral flowers higher than the central ones


calathid

(botany) The flower head of an asteraceous plant.


carbamino

(biochemistry, attributive) Designating a compound composed by the addition of carbon dioxide to a free amino group in an amino acid or a protein, such as hemoglobin forming carbaminohemoglobin.


catagenesis

(biology) Retrogressive evolution, as contrasted with anagenesis.


carnosinase

(biochemistry) An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of Xaa!His dipeptides.


peptidyl-glycinamidase

(biochemistry) An enzyme that catalyzes the cleavage of C-terminal glycinamide from polypeptides.


cellohexaose

(biochemistry) An oligosaccharide, consisting of six glucose residues, formed by hydrolysis of cellulose.


cercomonad

(zoology) A small flagellate of the order Cercomonadida, widespread in aqueous habitats and common in soils.


chenopodium

(botany) Any member of the flowering plant genus Chenopodium.


chenopodiaceous

(botany) Of or relating to the family Chenopodiaceae (goosefoots) (now subfamily Chenopodioideae).


chlorophyllase

chlorophyllase (countable and uncountable, plural chlorophyllases)

(biochemistry) The main enzyme in chlorophyll metabolism; the catalyst for the hydrolysis of chlorophyll to produce chlorophyllide and phytol.


chromophobic

en-adj

chromophobic (comparative more chromophobic, superlative most chromophobic)

more chromophobic (comparative)
most chromophobic (superlative)


clostripain

It was isolated from Clostridium histolyticum.

(biochemistry) Any of a family of proteinases that cleaves proteins on the carboxyl peptide bond of arginine.


cobalt chelatase

(biochemistry) An enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction ATP + hydrogenobyrinic acid a,c-diamide + Co²⁺ + H₂O ⇌ ADP + phosphate + cob(II)yrinic acid a,c-diamide + H⁺.


creatininase

(biochemistry) An amidohydrolase enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of creatinine to creatine, which can then be metabolised to urea and sarcosine by creatinase.


crithidial

(zoology) Of or relating to the Crithidia.


cytohet

(genetics) A eukaryotic cell whose non-nucleic genome is heterozygous.


cytomere

(biology) A structure formed when the contents of a single large schizont are separated into multiple daughter cells in the course of schizogony.


heterophilia

(biology) Ability to react immunologically with material from another species.


cotype

(taxonomy, dated) A syntype or paratype.


saimirine

(zoology) Of or relating to the Saimirinae.


sepiapterin reductase

(biochemistry) An enzyme that catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of various carbonyl substances, including derivatives of pteridines.


sexduction

(biology) A form of bacterial conjugation involving the F-plasmid.


SMAC

en-noun

SMAC (countable and uncountable, plural SMACs)

(biology, countable) Abbreviation of second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases (“Diablo homolog”), a component of the apoptosis pathway.

(biology, countable) Abbreviation of supramolecular activation cluster, the structure comprising the immunological synapse.


spirurian

(zoology) Belonging to the nematode subclass Spiruria.


aspidospondyly

(zoology) The condition of having the centra of the vertebra arranged in separate ossifications.


holospondyly

(zoology) The condition of having the centra of the vertebra fused together.


syndesis

syndesis (usually uncountable, plural syndeses)

Initially in cytology from German Syndesis, coined by Valentin Häcker in 1904 from Ancient Greek σύνδεσις (súndesis, “binding, joining”), from συνδεῖν (sundeîn, “to join, to bind”) + -σῐς (-sĭs, “-sis: forming nouns”), from σῠν- (sŭn-, “together”) + δεῖν (deîn, “to bind, to tie”). Equivalent to syn- + -desis.

der

(cytology, obsolete) Synonym of synapsis, the pairing of chromosomes during cellular reproduction.


spireme

(dated, biochemistry) the tangled mass of strands of chromatin seen in the early stages of mitosis, originally believed to be a single continuous strand (or two in a diploid cell, etc.)


radiculous

For quotations using this term, see Citations:radiculous.

(botany, medicine, uncommon) Of or pertaining to a radicle (nerve root, or rudimentary shoot of a plant from which a root is developed downward).


hymenophyllaceous

(botany) Belonging or relating to the family Hymenophyllaceae.


argininosuccinic

The patient was diagnosed with argininosuccinic aciduria.

argininosuccinic acid
argininosuccinic acid

(biochemistry) Relating to argininosuccinic acid.


inland taipan

(zoology) Oxyuranus microlepidotus, a highly venomous snake endemic to semiarid regions of central east Australia.


thermitase

Obtained from Thermoactinomyces vulgaris. See -ase.

(biochemistry) A peptidase enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of proteins.


genocopy

en-verb

genocopy (third-person singular simple present genocopies, present participle genocopying, simple past and past participle genocopied)

genocopies (present singular third-person)
genocopying (participle present)
genocopied (participle past)
genocopied (past)


trichochrome

(biochemistry) Any of a class of pigments related to melanin and found in human hair.


thromboblast

(cytology) A precursor to a platelet/thrombocyte.


amphitropous

(botany) Having the ovule bent so that the ends are near each other.


androgynophore

(botany) A stalk bearing both the androecium and the gynoecium of a flower above the level of insertion of the perianth.


anisomery

(botany) The condition of having a floral whorl with a different (usually smaller) number of parts than the other floral whorls.


bipinnatisect

(botany) pinnatisect, with deeply dissected segments


calycophyll

(botany) A leaf-like structure formed from a sepal or calyx lobe which enlarges, usually many-fold, before or after anthesis, especially when most of the sepals or calyx lobes retain their original size.


casual alien

(botany) A plant that appears with no apparent human assistance but does not develop a sustained population.


conflorescence

(botany) An inflorescence whose overall structure substantially differs from that of the individual branches of the inflorescence.


costapalmate

(botany, of a leaf) Having a definite costa, but with the leaflets arranged radially as in a palmate leaf.


indigen

Variant of indigene. In a botanical sense first used by Liberty Hyde Bailey in 1918.

(botany) A plant known to be indigenous to a region, rather than a cultigen.


cyathophyll

(botany) The bract-like structure of a euphorbia on which the involucre sits, usually but not always occurring in twos. They may sometimes be brightly coloured and confused with petals.


jugary

(botany, of a gland) Occurring on the rachis of a bipinnate leaf at the junction or attachment of pairs of pinnae or pinnules, as in some acacias.


dichasium

From New Latin dichasium, from di- + Ancient Greek χάσις (khásis, “chasm, separation”).

af

(botany) A cymose inflorescence with all branches below the terminal flower in regular opposite pairs.


homochlamydeous

(botany) Having the perianth not divided into calyx and corolla.


discolorous

(botany, of leaves) Having upper and lower surfaces of different colours.


enantiostyly

(botany) The condition in which the gynoecium protrudes laterally, either to the right or to the left of the androecium.


exotesta

(botany) The outer layer of the testa, derived from the outer integument of the ovule.


mutic

en-adj

mutic (comparative more mutic, superlative most mutic)

more mutic (comparative)
most mutic (superlative)

Pollen masses applied to the dilated tops of the corpuscles of the stigma, solitary, or composed of 4 confluent ones. Stigma almost mutic.

1875, John Claudius Loudon, Trees and Shrubs:

(botany, dated) Having no pointed process or awn; awnless.

Tibiae frequently mutic and very distinctly more slender toward its apex.

1922, Burle Jackson Jones, The Wing Veins of Insects, volume 1, page 202:

(zoology, dated) Lacking certain defensive structures, such as spines or claws.


gynomonoecious

(botany) Having bisexual flowers and female flowers on the same plant.


hypothallus

(botany) The outgrowth of hyphae from under the margin of the thallus of a crustose lichen, connecting the island-like areoles into a single lichen.


orthopteroid

/ɔːˈθɒptəɹɔɪd/

Beccaloni brought his centipede back to the Natural History Museum in London, where he works as a curator of orthopteroids, an order of insects which include crickets and praying mantises.

2016 July 1, Oliver Holmes, The Guardian:

(entomology) Any of the insects historically included in the order Orthoptera, including the cockroaches, earwigs, praying mantises, etc.


overdominant

overdominant (comparative more overdominant, superlative most overdominant)

more overdominant (comparative)
most overdominant (superlative)


goodeniaceous

(botany, relational) Of or relating to the Goodeniaceae.


interjugary

(botany) Being or relating to glands occurring along the leaf rachis between the pinnae (occurring below the single, and often slightly larger, gland at or just below the insertion of the pinnae) in pinnate leaves.


lauroid

lauroid (comparative more lauroid, superlative most lauroid)

more lauroid (comparative)
most lauroid (superlative)

lauroid leaves

(botany) Resembling or characteristic of a laurel.


mesophyllous

(botany) Of moist habitats and having mostly large and soft leaves


microstrobilus

(botany) The smaller of two kinds of cones or strobili produced by gymnosperms, being male and producing the pollen.


midvein

(botany) The main vein of a simple leaf or leaflet, running from the petiole to its apex, and from which the other veins usually spread.


thanatomicrobiome

What happens to these cells after human host death, defined here as the thanatomicrobiome (i.e., thanatos-, Greek defn., death), is not clear.

2014 August 1, Ismail Can, Gulnaz T. Javan, Alexander E. Pozhitkov, Peter A. Noble, “Distinctive thanatomicrobiome signatures found in the blood and internal organs of humans”, in Journal of Microbiological Methods, →DOI:

Future studies should collect data based on these variables to investigate the thanatomicrobiome of the decomposing tissue in addition to soil microbiome interactions.

2015, K A Perrault, T Rai, B H Stuart, S L Forbes, “Seasonal comparison of carrion volatiles in decomposition soil using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography–time of flight mass spectrometry”, in Analytical Methods:

There is currently a paucity of explorations of the thanatomicrobiome (thanatos-, Greek for death) and epinecrotic communities (microbial communities residing in and/or moving on the surface of decomposing remains).

2016 February 24, Gulnaz T. Javan, Sheree J. Finley, Zain Abidin, Jennifer G. Mulle, “The Thanatomicrobiome: A Missing Piece of the Microbial Puzzle of Death”, in Frontiers in Microbiology:

Thanatomicrobiome studies suggest that microbial succession after death may have the potential to reveal important postmortem biomarkers for the identification of time of death.

2018 May 10, Courtnee Bell, Jeremy Wilkinson, BK Robertson, Gulnaz T. Javan, “Sex-related differences in the thanatomicrobiome in postmortem heart samples using bacterial gene regions V1-2 and V4”, in Leterrs of Applied in Microbiology:

(biology) The microbiome existing in a mammalian host after it dies.


fructanohydrolase

The fructans of the inulin series are hydrolyzed by fructanohydrolases which attack the P-(2, 1 )-fructofuranoside linkages at the nonreducing chain ends with the release of fructose.

1987, David W. Newman, Kenneth G. Wilson, Models in Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, volume 1, page 87:

These enzymes are designated as -2,1-β-D-fructan-fructanohydrolases (EC 3.2.1.7).

1996, International Dairy Federation, Bulletin, volumes 309-328, page 26:

Two types of exoinulinases (2, 1-β-D-fructan fructanohydrolase EC 3.2.1.7) were later identified and purified from C. pannorum AHU 9700 (Xiao et al., 1989).

2008, Arun Dev Sharma, “Chapter 4: Advances in Microbial Inulases: Its Production and Properties”, in Jerrod M. Cantor, editor, Progress in Food Engineering Research and Development, page 183:

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of a fructan.


levanase

(biochemistry) levan hydrolase, an enzyme that catalyses the random hydrolysis of (2->6)-beta-D-fructofuranosidic linkages in (2->6)-beta-D-fructans (levans) containing more than three fructose units.


triplinerved

(botany, of leaves) Having three main nerves with the lateral nerves arising from the midnerve above the base of the leaf.


trullate

From Latin trulla (“small laddle, trowel”) + -ate (adjective-forming suffix).

af

(botany) Ovate but angled, like a bricklayer's trowel; inverse kite-shaped.


trophophyll

(botany) A vegetative, nutrient-producing leaf or microphyll, whose primary function is photosynthesis.


pachycaulous

Some of the herbaceous forms relate, like the banana, directly to the pachycaulous, others to the leptocaulous.

2002, E. J. H. Corner, The Life of Plants, page 275:

(botany) Relating to a pachycaul; having a thick stem and few branches.


pachycladous

en-adj

pachycladous (comparative more pachycladous, superlative most pachycladous)

more pachycladous (comparative)
most pachycladous (superlative)

(botany) Having disproportionately thick stems.


papilionate

From Latin pāpiliō(n) (“butterfly”) + -ate (adjective-forming suffix).

af

(botany) Butterfly-like, with a corolla, as that of a pea.


paraperigonium

(botany) An anomalous secondary outgrowth of the perianthal meristem with ramifying vasculature.


pauciflorous

(botany) Having few flowers per inflorescence.


pluriflorous

(botany) Having many flowers per inflorescence.


pluriovulate

en-adj

pluriovulate (comparative more pluriovulate, superlative most pluriovulate)

more pluriovulate (comparative)
most pluriovulate (superlative)

From pluri- (“several”) + ovule + -ate (adjective-forming suffix).


phyllopodium

(botany) The part of the stipe that is proximal or basal of the articulation (joint) and remains attached to the rhizome after the frond has detached from the articulation.


pseudoverticillate

(botany) Appearing to be verticillate, but not actually so.


scapose

(botany) Having the floral axis more or less erect but with only a few leaves or devoid of leaves; consisting of a scape.


stenospermocarpy

(botany) The development or production of fruit that is seedless or has minute seeds because of the abortion of seed development


synaptospermy

(botany) The dispersal of diaspores as units, where each bears more than one seed.


plastochron

(botany) The time between successive leaf initiation events.


stylodium

(botany) An elongate stigma that resembles a style.


stylulus

(botany) The elongated apex of a free carpel which functions like the style of a syncarpous ovary, allowing pollen tubes from its stigma to enter the locule of only that carpel.


scabrid

en-adj

scabrid (comparative more scabrid, superlative most scabrid)

more scabrid (comparative)
most scabrid (superlative)


-plinerved

(botany, of leaves) Indicating that the main nerves are lateral and arise from a point distinctly above the base of the leaf. Combined with a numerical prefix: 3-plinerved, 5-plinerved, etc.


poetaz

(botany, attributive) Being or relating to hybrids of the plants Narcissus poeticus and Narcissus tazetta.


rufofuscous

rufofuscous (comparative more rufofuscous, superlative most rufofuscous)

more rufofuscous (comparative)
most rufofuscous (superlative)


etheostomatine

(zoology) Belonging to the Etheostomatinae.


premolt

en-verb

premolt (third-person singular simple present premolts, present participle premolting, simple past and past participle premolted)

premolts (present singular third-person)
premolting (participle present)
premolted (participle past)
premolted (past)

(biology, zoology) To undergo the period prior to an animal molting its exoskeleton, shell, skin, etc.


cellularize

cellularize (third-person singular simple present cellularizes, present participle cellularizing, simple past and past participle cellularized)

cellularizes (present singular third-person)
cellularizing (participle present)
cellularized (participle past)
cellularized (past)

(biology, transitive) To separate into distinct cells.


metakinesis

(biology) The separation of the threads during metaphase.

(biology, historical) According to C. Lloyd Morgan, a hypothetical property possessed by all types of life of being endowed with something that is not consciousness but has the potentiality of developing into consciousness.


erythroxylaceous

(botany) Belonging or relating to the Erythroxylaceae.


beryciform

(zoology) Belonging to the Beryciformes, an order of ray-finned fishes


orobanchaceous

(botany) Belonging to the family Orobanchaceae, plants mostly parasitic on the roots of other plants.


enoplid

(zoology) Any nematode in the order Enoplida.


pythiosis

(pathology, zoology) Infection by the mold Pythium insidiosum.


ethanolaminephosphotransferase

(biochemistry) A transferase enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction CDP-ethanolamine + 1,2-diacylglycerol ⇌ CMP + a phosphatidylethanolamine.


volubilate

en-adj

volubilate (comparative more volubilate, superlative most volubilate)

more volubilate (comparative)
most volubilate (superlative)


vesicointestinal

(biology, medicine) Synonym of intestinovesical.


vesicoenteric

vesicoenteric fistulas


colovesical

colovesical fistulas

(biology, medicine) Synonym of vesicocolic.


vesicocolic

vesicocolic fistulas

(biology, medicine) Relating to the urinary bladder and the colon, usually with reference to a fistula therebetween.


mastigophoran

(zoology) Any member of superclass Mastigophora of protozoa.

(botany) Any member of the genus Mastigophora of liverworts.


rotatorial

(zoology) Of or relating to the Rotatoria.


rotaliine

(zoology) Belonging or relating to the Rotaliina.


notopod

The notopods begin on the second or third segment and the neuropods are very variable in their segment of origin, being sometimes altogether absent from the anterior region.

1935, John Roxborough Norman, Coast Fishes: South Atlantic:

(zoology) In Latreille's system, a brachyurous decapod crustacean, such as a crab of the genera Homola, Dorippe, Dromia, Dynomene, Ranina.

(entomology) An elaterid; a click beetle.


hen of the woods

en-noun

hen of the woods (plural hens of the woods)

hens of the woods (plural)
hen-of-the-woods (alternative)

(mycology) An edible polypore mushroom, Grifola frondosa


cresolase

monophenol monooxygenase
monophenol monooxygenase


amaryllid

From the genus name Amaryllis, ultimately from Ancient Greek ἀμαρύσσω (amarússō, “dazzle”).

der

(botany) Any of the family Amaryllidaceae; an amaryllidaceous plant.


immunoproteasome

(biochemistry) A proteasome assembled using alternative β form subunits in response to pro-inflammatory signals


subarticulate

(biology) Partly or imperfectly articulate.


zoochorous

From zoochore + -ous or zoo- + -chorous.

(botany) Of or relating to zoochores or zoochory.


quamoclit

Also, quamoclits fit well into window boxes, especially when paired with other vines such as thunbergia, and they will cascade over a wall or spread over the ground, low shrubs and rocks.

1990, Jennifer Bennett, Turid Forsyth, The Harrowsmith annual garden:

(botany) Any plant of the former genus Quamoclit.


thunbergia

/θʌnˈbɜːrdʒiə/

Named after Carl Peter Thunberg, a Swedish botanist.

(botany) Any member of the genus Thunbergia of flowering plants.

susanna

any member of the genus Thunbergia of flowering plants


dGTPase

(biochemistry) A hydrolase enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction dGTP + H₂O ⇌ deoxyguanosine + triphosphate.


Tyrrhenia

Via Latin Tyrrhēnia from Ancient Greek Τυρρηνῐ́ᾱ (Turrhēnĭ́ā).

(geology, paleogeography) A large landmass in the western Mediterranean basin.


narcomedusa

Some narcomedusae develop as parasitic stolons in or on other jellyfish species; young medusae are budded from these stolons.

2016, Lisa-Ann Gershwin, “Battering ram jellies”, in Jellyfish: A Natural History, page 84:

(zoology) Any of the Narcomedusae, an order of hydrozoans in the subclass Trachylinae.


mygalomorph

clipping

translingual <i class="Latn mention" lang="mul">Mygalomorphae</i>

(zoology) Any member of the infraorder Mygalomorphae of spiders with parallel, downward-running fangs.


euhymenium

(mycology) Hymenium in which the basidia are among the first elements formed.


Sir Philip Sidney game

en-noun

Sir Philip Sidney game (plural Sir Philip Sidney games)

Named after a story about Sir Philip Sidney, who allegedly, when fatally wounded, gave his water to another, saying, "Thy necessity is greater than mine."

(biology, game theory) A model for the evolution and maintenance of informative communication between relatives, developed to explain begging behaviour in chicks.

Sir Philip Sidney
Sir Philip Sidney game


cheirolepidiaceous

(botany) Of or relating to the family Cheirolepidiaceae of extinct coniferous plants.


gamergate

/ˈɡæm.əɹˌɡeɪt/

From Ancient Greek γάμος (gámos, “union, marriage”) + ergate.

der

Recent studies indicate that queenless societies can have either one or several gamergates per colony, which reveals that reproductive inhibition can occur despite the absence of the queen caste.

1990, Christian Peeters, “Monogyny and Polygyny in Ponerine Ants Without Queens”, in Social Insects and the Environment: Proceedings of the 11th International Congress of IUSSI, 1990, Leiden, Netherlands: E. J. Brill, →ISBN, page 234:

(entomology) A worker insect that can become capable of reproducing when the queen has died.


ergate

From Ancient Greek ἐργάτης (ergátēs, “workman”).

uder

The worker (ergates) is characterized by the complete absence of wings and a very small (stenonotal) thorax, much simplified in the structure of its sclerites.

1910, William Morton Wheeler, Ants: Their Structure, Development and Behavior, Columbia University Press, page 97:


allosexual

From allo- (“other”) + sexual. "Directed at or involving another rather than one's self" and "involving the other sex; heterosexual" are the most etymologically literal senses (regarding the latter sense, compare the structure of heterosexual), structural and semantic opposites of autosexual and isosexual. The sense "non-heterosexual" was influenced by (and had influence on) Canadian French allosexuel.

Dr. Conigliaro contended that the sharing of the same bedroom by a single parent and child of the opposite sex "could contribute to, or cause, an excessive degree of ‘allosexual identifications’, [where a child identifies with the parent of the opposite sex] […]"

1980, Federal supplement, series 1, volume 476, page 1330:

[…] We performed 45 experimental confrontations with heterospecific pairs. Confrontations (C. talarum vs C. australis) included allosexual and isosexual encounters.

1992 February, Aldo I Vassallo, Christina Busch, “Interspecific agonism between two sympatric species of Ctenomys (Rodentia: Octodontidae) in captivity”, in Behaviour, volume 120, number 1/2, pages 40-50:

(chiefly biology, sociology, psychology) Involving or directed at the other biological sex; heterosexual; not isosexual.


aeroscepsy

From aero- + Ancient Greek σκέψις (sképsis, “a viewing, perception”), from σκέπτομαι (sképtomai, “consider”).

der

(zoology) The ability to perceive the state of the atmosphere.


agminal

en-adj

agminal (comparative more agminal, superlative most agminal)

more agminal (comparative)
most agminal (superlative)

From Latin agminālis, from agmen (“march, train”).


albiflorous

From New Latin albiflōrus (“white-flowered”).


water-salamander

From water + salamander. Compare Dutch watersalamander (“newt”).

(zoology) Any salamander (Order Urodela) which habitually or permanently lives in water.


emys

From the translingual genus name Emys and its etymon, the Classical Latin emys, from the Ancient Greek ἐμύς (emús).

Certain Emydes…tend to the Sea-tortoises or Turtles…and yet exhibit characters peculiar to themselves.

1843, The Penny Cyclopædia of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge, XXV, page 57/2:

Remains of the elephant…the beaver, the emys…and goats.

1873, James Murdoch Geikie, The Great Ice Age and Its Relation to the Antiquity of Man, page 492, Appendix:

(zoology) Any member of the small Emys genus of freshwater pond tortoises.


sportive lemur

(zoology) Any of the lemurs in the genus Lepilemur.


rutting season

(zoology) The time of the year when certain animals mate.


clupeiform

(zoology) Belonging or relating to the order Clupeiformes of ray-finned fish, including herrings and anchovies


perichaetine

(zoology) Having many setae per segment, like earthworms of the genus Perichaeta.


medullosalean

(botany) Any of the order Medullosales of pteridospermous seed plants characterised by large radiospermic ovules with a vascularised nucellus, complex pollen-organs, stems and rachises with a dissected stele, and frond-like leaves.


lyginopteridalean

(botany) Any of the order Lyginopteridales of archetypal pteridosperms.


cryptodire

(zoology) Any member of the Cryptodira, the taxonomic suborder of Testudines that includes most living tortoises and turtles.


sporont

(biology) In the sexual reproduction of certain sporozoans: an encysted spore, developed from a zygote, which undergoes sporogony to form sporozoites.


leucojum

(botany) Any member of either of the species of the genus Leucojum, from the amaryllid family:

Leucojum aestivum (summer snowflake, Loddon lily)

Leucojum vernum (spring snowflake, snowbell, dewdrop, St. Agnes' flower)


dendrocolaptine

(zoology) Of or relating to the bird subfamily Dendrocolaptinae of woodcreepers.


heliotaxis

(biology) Phototaxis related to the sun.

Movement of an organism toward sunlight; positive heliotaxis.

Pronounced negative heliotaxis, evidently depending on some photodermatic sense, was apparent when the ants were exposed to the sun...

1903, William Morton Wheeler, “Some Notes on the Habits of Cerapachs Augustae”, in Psyche, 10(325-326), page 206:

Movement of an organism away from sunlight; negative heliotaxis.


zorapteran

(zoology) Any member of the insect order Zoraptera.


zygogenesis

Near-synonyms: zygosis, conjugation


axiogenesis

/ˌæksɪəˈd͡ʒɛnɪsɪs/

(biology) Alternative form of axogenesis.


axogenesis

/ˌæksə(ʊ)ˈd͡ʒɛnɪsɪs/

/ˌæksoʊˈd͡ʒɛnɪsɪs/


subcosta

(entomology) The first major vein behind the costa on an insect wing


postcubitus

(entomology) One of the major veins of the insect wing, between the cubitus and the anal veins (although it was originally considered one of the anal veins itself).


Pcu

(entomology) Abbreviation of postcubitus.


fruit sugar

en-noun

fruit sugar (countable and uncountable, plural fruit sugars)


D-fructose

D-fructose (countable and uncountable, plural D-fructoses)

(biochemistry) Abbreviation of dextrorotatory fructose.


de-extinction

de-extinction (usually uncountable, plural de-extinctions)

Even this more limited ambition, however, speaks eloquently of the rapid progress being made in the area of de-extinction.

2018, Tim Flannery, Europe: A Natural History, page 309:

The concept of de-extinction is fascinating in much the same way that the dinosaurs of Jurassic Park and Jurassic World are.

2020, “Life Finds A Way”, in Jonathan Elmore, editor, Fiction and the Sixth Mass Extinction, Rowman & Littlefield, →ISBN:

“We aren’t trying to bring something back that’s 100% genetically identical to another species. Our goal with de-extinction is always create functional copies of these extinct species. We were focusing on identifying variants that we knew would lead to one of these key traits,” Beth Shapiro, Colossal’s chief science officer told CNN.

2025 April 7, Katie Hunt, “Scientists say they have resurrected the dire wolf”, in CNN:

(biology, neologism) The process of returning an extinct species back into the world.


epitoke

(zoology) A pelagic morph capable of sexual reproduction.


jellycoat

(zoology) The gelatinous coating on an egg.


gene flow

(genetics) Transfer of alleles or genes from one population to another.


axiniform

en-adj

axiniform (comparative more axiniform, superlative most axiniform)

more axiniform (comparative)
most axiniform (superlative)

(anatomy, zoology) Shaped like the head of an axe.


VSV

en-noun

VSV (countable and uncountable, plural VSVs)

vesicular stomatitis virus
vesicular stomatitis virus#English

(biology, medicine) Abbreviation of vesicular stomatitis virus.


ammoniaporin

(physiology, biochemistry) A mitochondrial membrane channel permeable to ammonia.


chiridian

They are all tetrapods–that is to say, vertebrates that possess (or their ancestors possessed) chiridian limbs (limbs with digits; fig. 1.1).

2012, Sebastien Steyer, Earth Before the Dinosaurs, page 1:

(zoology, rare) Of a tetrapod vertebrate limb, having well-defined joints and digits.


cryptoendolith

(biology) Any organism that colonizes structural cavities within porous rocks


echinozoan

echinozoan (plural echinozoa or echinozoans)

(zoology) Any echinoderm of the subphylum Echinozoa.


hemipore

(biochemistry) A structural unit of some proteins consisting of three helical transmembranes domains.


hyperoartian

(zoology) Any vertebrate of the class Hyperoartia


tetraparalogous

(genetics) That has resulted from four paralogous diversions from a common ancestor


diparalogous

(genetics) That has resulted from two paralogous diversions from a common ancestor


triparalogous

(genetics) That has resulted from three paralogous diversions from a common ancestor


Piltdown Man

The Piltdown man of Sussex, England. Antiquity variously estimated at 100,000 to 300,000 years. The ape-like structure of the jaw does not prevent the expression of a considerable degree of intelligence in the face.

1914, Henry Fairfield Osborn, Men of the Old Stone Age: Their Environment, Life and Art:

(taxonomy) A supposed early human theorized from bone fragments said to have been found in a gravel pit in Piltdown, England, in 1912, but later identified as a forgery.


Elvis taxon

Coined in a 1993 paper by D. H. Erwin and M. L. Droser, with reference to the prevalence of impersonators of the singer Elvis Presley.

convergent evolution
convergent evolution

(paleontology) A taxon that has been misidentified as having re-emerged in the fossil record after a period of presumed extinction, but is not actually a descendant of the original taxon, instead having developed a similar morphology through convergent evolution.


trophoplast

From tropho- + -plast. Coined by Arthur Meyer in 1883.

In a paper on the same subject, A. Meyer proposes a somewhat different terminology. […] And since anaplasts, chromoplasts, and autoplasts are all nearly related in structure and origin, he includes them in the common term Trophoplasts.

(cytology, dated) Any of various organelles found in plant and algae cells, such as a chloroplast, chromoplast, leucoplast, or gerontoplast; a plastid.


plastisphere

From plastic + -sphere, analogous to biosphere. Coined by American biologist Linda Amaral-Zettler.

coin

Welcome to the plastisphere

2013 July 20, “Welcome to the plastisphere”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8845:

(The Plastisphere is one of the many industrial-natural ecosystems that characterize the Anthropocene.) Cleaning ocean plastics, even if it were technologically possible on a scale that would make a difference, would disrupt and destroy the life we would be trying to save in the first place.

2014, Marina Zurkow, The Petroleum Manga, punctum books, →DOI, →ISBN, page 24:

Freshwater and marine habitats share a number of features, but there are also differences between them that may affect the development and activities of plastisphere consortia.

2017, Martin Wagner, Scott Lambert, Freshwater Microplastics: Emerging Environmental Contaminants?, Springer, →ISBN, page 183:

(ecology) The ecosystem on the surface of a piece of plastic (especially in a marine environment).


symmetrodont

clipping

translingual <i class="Latn mention" lang="mul">Symmetrodonta</i>

(zoology) Any Mesozoic mammal of the order Symmetrodonta


adeno-associated virus

en-noun

adeno-associated virus (plural adeno-associated viruses)

One of the most promising viral vector systems is based on the adeno-associated virus (AAV).

2003, Curtis A. Machida, Viral Vectors for Gene Therapy: Methods and Protocols, page 201:

(virology) Any of the viruses of the genus Dependoparvovirus that infects primates, but, having no known adverse effects, is a possible vector for therapies.


Ebola Reston

From the outbreak and discovery of a new strain of Ebolavirus at a facility in Reston, Virginia, USA.

(virology) A strain of Ebolavirus that causes disease in primates other than humans, and which can infect humans.


oxea

oxea (plural)
oxeas (plural)
oxeae (plural)

From Ancient Greek ὀξέᾱ (oxéā). Either from the Ionic form of Attic ὀξεῖᾰ (oxeîă), (a feminine form of ὀξῠ́ς (oxŭ́s, “sharp”) applied to ῥᾰ́βδος (rhắbdos, “wand; shaft”)) or a variant of ὀξῠ́ᾱ (oxŭ́ā), ὀξῠ́η (oxŭ́ē, “beech; spear-shaft”).

(zoology, of sponges (Porifera)) a monoaxial spicule which is pointed at both ends


medusozoan

(zoology) Any of the subphylum Medusozoa of jellyfish.


rhombozoan

(zoology) Any of the phylum Rhombozoa of tiny parasites found in the renal appendages of cephalopods.


basipodium

(zootomy) The carpus or tarsus of an animal or bird; the equivalent of the wrist or ankle in the human limbs


Mongolian death worm

Mongolian death worm (plural Mongolian death worms)

(cryptozoology) A cryptid reported from the Gobi desert, said to be a large bright red worm capable of attacking with corrosive acid or electric discharge.


circalunar

(biology) of, relating to, or showing rhythmic behaviour with a period of a lunar month


fistulous withers

It is now generally believed that fistulous withers are the result of a germ, probably picked up from the grass, although at one time they were thought to be caused by saddle or roller pressure.

1962, Catherine Harris, “Ailments”, in Practical Pony Keeping, London; Glagsow: Blackie, →OCLC, part 2 (Care of Your Pony), page 100:

The sooner fistulous withers is treated, the more likely that a cure is effected.

1997, Tony Pavord, Marcy Pavord, “Fistulous Withers”, in The Complete Equine Veterinary Manual: A Comprehensive and Instant Guide to Equine Health, Newton Abbot, Devon: David & Charles, published 1998, →ISBN, part III (A–Z of Diseases), page 154, column 2:

(veterinary medicine, pathology, equestrianism) Inflammation of the serous bursa of withers in horses which bursts outside, creating a fistula.


distodorsal

(anatomy, botany) Both distal and dorsal


distolateral

(anatomy, botany) Both distal and lateral


linin

linin (countable and uncountable, plural linins)

From Latin līnum + -in. Known since the 19th century.

(biochemistry) The network of viscous material in a cell's nucleus that connects the chromatin granules.

sulirin

the network of viscous material in a cell's nucleus that connects the chromatin granules


haplocheilic

(biology, of the stoma of a gymnosperm) in which both the guard cells are derived from a single mother cell


heteromyopia

From hetero- + myopia, as the animals involved are metaphorically short-sighted in their view of other species.

(ecology) The situation in which interspecific competition occurs over shorter distances than intraspecific competition.


maturase

(genetics, biochemistry) Any of a group of proteins that splice introns; any gene that codes for such a protein


megaflora

megaflora (plural megafloras or megaflora)


obtrullate

(botany) In the form of a reversed trowel (with longer sides meeting at the base)


stylopodial

(botany) Relating to, or containing a stylopodium


synurbic

en-adj

synurbic (comparative more synurbic, superlative most synurbic)

more synurbic (comparative)
most synurbic (superlative)

(ecology) That lives (predominantly) within an urban ecosystem; adapted to urban life.


zeugopodium

zeugopodia (plural)
zeugopod (alternative)

From Ancient Greek ζεῦγος (zeûgos, “yoke, pair”) + -podium.

af

(zoology) The part of a limb corresponding to either a forearm or lower leg.


exolipase

(biochemistry) Any form of lipase acting as an exoenzyme


sulfurase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyses a reaction involving elemental sulfur.


clupeomorph

(zoology) A member of the fish superorder Clupeomorpha.


ostariophysian

(zoology) A member of the fish superorder Ostariophysi.


osteolepiform

(zoology) Any extinct fish of the order Osteolepiformes


rhizocephalan

(zoology) Any member of the Rhizocephala.


rhipidoglossan

(zoology) Any member of the Rhipidoglossa.


schizochromism

(biology) The lack of a pigment in an organism, normally rendering it a lighter colour than normal.


fibrolase

(biochemistry) fibrinolytic proteinase: a hydrolase enzyme found in the venom of the southern copperhead snake


chromophobia

(biology) The quality of being resistant to staining.


eceriferum

(biochemistry) An aldehyde decarbonylase involved in the conversion of aldehydes to alkanes; it is implicated in the inability of some pollens etc to produce wax


varanine

(zoology) Of, or pertaining to, a monitor lizard.


varanine

(zoology) A monitor lizard; a member of the subfamily Varaninae.


barophobic

en-adj

barophobic (comparative more barophobic, superlative most barophobic)

more barophobic (comparative)
most barophobic (superlative)

Non-marine bacteria: Freshwater and parasitic bacteria are barophobic.

2001, Edited by Rabin Sen Gupta, The Indian Ocean: A Perspective, Volume 2, →ISBN, page 500:

(ecology) Not adapted to survive at high pressures.


planocraniid

(zoology) Any crocodylian of the family Planocraniidae.


ziphodont

From a scientific name Crocodilus ziphodon coined by Othniel Charles Marsh (1871). Apparently from an alteration of xipho- + -odont.

(zoology) Any organism with teeth of this kind.


HFV

HFPPV

high frequency positive pressure ventilation

hepatitis F virus
hepatitis F virus#English

(virology) Initialism of hepatitis F virus.

human foamy virus
human foamy virus#English

(virology) Initialism of human foamy virus.


myeloarchitecture

(biology) The arrangement of nerve fibers in an organism or organ.


bovinized

(genetics, of an animal) Into whose genome has been introduced bovine genes


coelenteramide

(biochemistry) An aminopyrazine that is the oxyluciferin of coelenterazine


octarepeat

(biochemistry) A sequence of octapeptides that are repeated in a polypeptide or protein


amorphophyte

From amorpho- (“formless”) + -phyte (“plant”).

confix

(botany) Any plant with flowers of an irregular or anomalous shape.


axophyte

From Ancient Greek ἄξων (áxōn, “axis”) + -phyte (“plant”).


ceratophyte

/ˈsɛɹətəʊfaɪt/

From cerato- (“horn”) + -phyte (“plant”).

(zoology) a type of coral polyp, the internal axis of which has the appearance of wood or horn.


craspedophyte

Ancient Greek κράσπεδον (kráspedon, “edge, border”) + -phyte (“plant”)


pyrodiversity

Despite ambiguities in reconstructing presuppression fire behavior, there is wide agreement that a century of fire-suppression management has resulted in a large increase of dead and living fuel, increasing the probability of surface fires becoming crown fires of greater areal extent and intensity. That is, "pyrodiversity" has declined from a once wide spectrum over space, time, and intensity. The likely consequence is that biodiversity has declined as well (Martin and Sapsis 1992).

2000, Michael G. Barbour, Richard A. Minnich, “Californian Upland Forests and Woodlands”, in North American Terrestrial Vegetation, pages 180–181:

Some scientists suggest that pyrodiversity (the diversity in frequency, scale, season, and type of fire) leads to great biodiversity of plant species and vegetation types.

2005, Kat Anderson, Tending the Wild: Native American Knowledge and the Management of California's Natural Resources, page 18:

Consequently, as we see later in this book, Native Californians experimented with pyrodiversity practices in an attempt to diversify plant and animal resources and to minimize the risks of serious food shortages through storage, trade, and mass harvests when resources were plentiful.

2009, Kent G. Lightfoot, California Indians and Their Environment: An Introduction, page 70:

(ecology) A variation in the kinds of fire, whether produced by natural conditions or controlled burning, in an environment or ecosystem.


strigulation

(zoology) The quality or state of being strigulated (very finely streaked); streaking.


strigulate

en-verb

strigulate (third-person singular simple present strigulates, present participle strigulating, simple past and past participle strigulated)

strigulates (present singular third-person)
strigulating (participle present)
strigulated (participle past)
strigulated (past)

From Latin strigulatus, from striga (“row, strip, swath”).

(zoology) To streak or stripe very finely; to make strigate or strigose; to cause to have strigulation.


strigulated

en-adj

strigulated (comparative more strigulated, superlative most strigulated)

more strigulated (comparative)
most strigulated (superlative)

(zoology) Having strigulation; exhibiting strigulating; strigate.


strigated

strigated (comparative more strigated, superlative most strigated)

more strigated (comparative)
most strigated (superlative)


dendrophyte

From dendro- (“tree”) + -phyte (“plant”).


dikaryophyte

From di- (“two”) + karyo- (“nucleus”) + -phyte (“plant”).

It is well to remember, however, that this term, as applied to the smut fungi, is not strictly comparable with physiologic race as applied to the rusts and certain other fungi (Christensen and Rodenhiser, 1940), for the reason that the term has been used to designate not only pathogenically different dikaryophytes, but also culturally different haplonts.

1957, George William Fischer, Biology and Control of the Smut Fungi, page 331:


dissophyte

Ancient Greek δισσός (dissós, “double”) + -phyte (“plant”)

(biology) In phytogeography, a plant of which the subterranean parts are adapted to mesophytic or even hydrophytic conditions, and the aerial parts to xerophytic conditions.


ergasiophygophyte

Ancient Greek ἐργᾰσίᾱ (ergăsíā, “work, production”) + φῠγή (phŭgḗ, “flight”) + -phyte (“plant”)

uder

12 taxa were numbered among ergasiophygophytes

2003, Ludwik Frey, Problems of grass biology, page 196:

(ecology, rare) Any formerly cultivated plant that has escaped into the wild.


gamophyte

From gamo- (“marriage”) + -phyte (“plant”).


holophyte

From holo- (“whole”) + -phyte (“plant”).

(biology) Any organism that produces its own food through photosynthesis.


holosaprophyte

From German Holosaprophyt, equivalent to holo- (“whole”) + sapro- (“putric, rotten”) + -phyte (“plant”).

confix

(ecology) An organism which is purely a saprophyte.


macrogametophyte

/ˌmækɹəʊɡəˈmiːtə(ʊ)faɪt/

/ˌmækɹəʊˈɡæmɪtəfaɪt/

From macro- (“large”) + gametophyte, from gamete + -phyte (“plant”).


nosophyte

From noso- (“disease”) + -phyte (“plant”).

(biology) a pathogenic microorganism of the plant kingdom


oceanophyte

(biology) an oceanic plant or plant life which exists in oceans


ombrophyte

Ancient Greek ὄμβρος (ómbros, “rainwater”) + -phyte (“plant”)

uder

(biology) Any plant that is adapted to rainy conditions or habitats


osteochondrophyte

French ostéo-chondrophyte. Surface reading of osteo- (“bone”) + chondro- (“cartilage”) + -phyte (“growth”).

confix

(biology) a tumor composed of bone and cartilage


chordin

(biochemistry) A particular bone morphogenetic protein antagonist


chromosomic

(genetics, especially in combination) Having a specified type or number of chromosomes


deadhesion

(biology) The detachment of a cell from a surface to which it was adhering


periosteophyte

(biology) Any small, abnormal growth on the periosteum


deglutathionylation

en-noun

deglutathionylation (usually uncountable, plural deglutathionylations)

(biochemistry) The removal of a glutathione moiety from a protein (typically by severing a disulfide linkage).


frameshifted

(genetics) That has undergone a frameshift mutation


phyllophyte

From German Phyllophyt. Surface reading: phyllo- (“leaf”) + -phyte (“plant”).

(botany, rare) A plant characterized as structurally based upon or possessing true leaves.


organellular

Interaction of nuclear and organellular genomes with one another and with the environment determines both the course and the dynamics of cell differentiation, plant growth, development, and maturation.

1982, Advances in Agronomy, volume 34, page 118:

(biology) Relating to, or functioning via organelles.


parchorin

(biochemistry) An intracellular chloride-channel protein


selenoenzyme

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that contains a selenium atom.


thioltransferase

(biochemistry) Any transferase that catalyzes the transfer of a thiol group


prochlorophyte

/pɹəʊˈklɒɹəfʌɪt/

/pɹəʊˈklɔːɹəfʌɪt/

From pro- (“earlier, prior”) + chlorophyte, from chloro- (“green”) + -phyte (“plant”).

(biology) a bright green cyanobacterium of the class Prochlorophyta, distinguished by the presence of both chlorophyll a and b and the lack of phycobilins (and so resembling the chloroplasts of higher plants)


spermaphyte

spermaphytes (plural)
spermatophyte (alternative)
spermophyte (alternative)

Ancient Greek σπέρμα (spérma, “seed”) + -phyte (“plant”)

(botany) Alternative form of spermatophyte.


synurophyte

From syn- (“with”) + uro- (“tail”) + -phyte (“plant”). See synurid.

affix

(biology) A member of the synurids, a small group of heterokont algae.


teleophyte

From teleo- (“end; goal”) + -phyte (“plant”).

(biology) a plant of perfect or complete organization; one of the higher plants

(biology) a plant composed of a number cells arranged in tissues


thalassophyte

thalassophytes (plural)
thalassiophyte (alternative)

From thalasso- (“sea”) + -phyte (“plant”).

(biology) Alternative form of thalassiophyte.


thalassiophyte

thalassiophytes (plural)
thalassophyte (alternative)

From translingual Thalassiophyta. Surface reading: thalasso- (“sea”) + -phyte (“plant”).

(biology, obsolete) any plant belonging to one of the obsolete taxonomic groups known as Thalassiophyta, which were believed to comprise various parts of the marine algae or seaweeds, depending on the classification system.


amphikinesis

(zoology) The movement of both upper and lower parts of a bird's beak where it joins the skull.


circumsaccate

(botany) Surrounding the saccus of a pollen grain


macroboring

(zoology) That functions as a macroborer


macroborer

(zoology) Any macroorganism that bores into a substrate


metallocluster

(biochemistry) A clustering of the metal atoms of a metalloenzyme


microboring

(zoology) That functions as a microborer


microborer

(biology) Any microorganism that bores into a substrate


monolete

(botany, of a spore) Having a single line indicating the splitting axis.


trilete

(botany, of a spore) Having three lines indicating the splitting axes.


subbrachian

(ichthyology) Relating to fish of the order Subbrachiales.


subbrachian

(ichthyology, obsolete) Any fish of the order Subbrachiales (syn. Malacopterygii)


tecnomorph

In stratigraphically later genera with histial dimorphism frequently no histial structure and also no velar structure at all is present in the tecnomorphs.

1957, Bulletin of the Geological Institution of the University of Upsala, Volume 37, page 203:

(zoology) The carapace of a larval ostracod.


tenuinucellate

(botany) Having no nucellar tissue separating the embryo sac and the epidermis.


topsetting

(botany) That produces bulbils at the tops of the leaves rather than the seed heads.


antemedial

(entomology) Situated before (i.e. closer to the head than) the middle of the thorax or wing.

antemediano

situated before the middle of the thorax or wing


midleg

in this species, the midlegs are brighter than the forelegs and hindlegs

(zoology) Any of the legs located between the forelegs and back legs.


tornal

(entomology) Of or pertaining to the tornus.


crossline

(entomology) A line running across an insect.


cyrtos

(zoology) The basket-like feeding apparatus of the protists, especially in the genus Nassula.


nassophorean

(zoology) Any member of the Nassophorea.


calumenin

endoplasmic reticulum
endoplasmic reticulum

(biochemistry) A calcium-binding protein localized in the endoplasmic reticulum


allohexaploid

(genetics) Having six complete sets of chromosomes derived from different species


isopoll

Isopoll maps can be reinterpreted to show the migration of a particular genus or ecotone through time by isochrones (equal time lines).

2013, Raymond S. Bradley, Paleoclimatology: Reconstructing Climates of the Quaternary, page 420:

(palynology) A line on a map showing places having the same amounts of a particular pollen.


pseudomolecule

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-pseudomolecule.wav

(genetics) A concatenation of contigs with a small sequence between them, intended to represent a larger, native-sized molecule.


Bt

Bts (plural)
Bt. (alternative)
B.t. (alternative)
BT (alternative)
BT (alternative)

Bacillus thuringiensis
Bacillus thuringiensis#Translingual

(bacteriology, agriculture) Bacillus thuringiensis, a species of bacteria used for biological control of insects.

(bacteriology) Initialism of botulinum toxin.


host plant

host plants (plural)
hostplant (alternative)

(biology) A plant that supplies food resources and substrate for certain insects or other fauna.


astichous

en-adj

astichous (comparative more astichous, superlative most astichous)

more astichous (comparative)
most astichous (superlative)

(botany) having a structure or layout that is not in rows


arrhizous

arrhizous (comparative more arrhizous, superlative most arrhizous)

more arrhizous (comparative)
most arrhizous (superlative)

(botany) Having no root: applied to parasitical plants which have no root, but adhere to other plants by any part of their surface, and derive their nourishment from them; also to mosses and Hepaticœ which are destitute of rhizoids.


premedial

(chiefly biology, but also linguistics) Antemedial; located before the middle.


planectomy

(veterinary medicine) The removal of the nasal planum (the flat tip of the nose in cats and dogs).


iPS

(biology) Abbreviation of induced pluripotent stem.


hiPS

(biology) Abbreviation of human induced pluripotent stem.


interveinal

In E. tereticornis, deficiency begins as interveinal chlorosis [yellowing] of young leaves with tissue near the veins remaining green.

2000, P. J. Keane, Diseases and Pathogens of Eucalypts, →ISBN, page 392:

(chiefly botany) Occurring between veins.


basculate

basculate (comparative more basculate, superlative most basculate)

more basculate (comparative)
most basculate (superlative)

The peridial strand of a basculate aecium is so sensitive to moisture that simply breathing on the open peridium is sufficient to close it immediately.

1956, E.E. Leppik, “Some viewpoints on the phylogeny of rust fungi. II. Gymnosporangium”, in Mycologia, volume 48, number 5:


Holliday junction

en-noun

Holliday junction (plural Holliday junctions)

Named after Robin Holliday, who proposed it in 1964 to account for homologous recombination in Ustilago maydis.

(genetics) A junction between four strands of DNA. They are a key intermediate in many types of genetic recombination, as well as in double-strand break repair.


UTR

(genetics) Initialism of untranslated region.


pseudocopulatory

(zoology) Resembling copulation though not fulfilling the sexual function.


solenogaster

(zoology) Any of the Solenogastres, a class (sometimes a subclass) of small worm-like mollusks with no shell.


cavibelonian

(zoology) Of or relating to the Cavibelonia, a taxonomic order of solenogasters.


perennation

(botany) The ability of an organism to survive from one germinating season to the next, especially under unfavourable conditions such as drought or winter.


udoteacean

suf

translingual <i class="Latn mention" lang="mul">Udoteaceae</i>

(zoology) Any member of the algal family Udoteaceae.


Philomela

From Latin Philomela, from Ancient Greek Φιλομήλη (Philomḗlē), from φίλος (phílos, “love”) + μῆλον (mêlon, “apple; fruit; sheep”), but folk-etymologized since at least Ovid's time as "lover of song".


Physoclisti

(zoology) Fishes that lack a connection between the gas bladder and the alimentary canal, the bladder serving only as a buoyancy organ.


simaroubaceous

(botany) Belonging to the family Simaroubaceae of tropical and subtropical trees.


agathaumid

(obsolete, paleontology) Any of the Agathaumidae, an obsolete family of ceratopsian dinosaurs.


microinsularity

(ecology) The condition of being microinsular


microinsular

(ecology) Relating to, or found on, a very small island.


thalassophonean

(zoology) Belonging to the Thalassophonea, an extinct clade of pliosaurids.


pronograde

From Latin pronus (“bent over”) + -grade (“means of walking]”) (from Latin gradus). Compare prone.

(zoology) Walking with the length of the body parallel to the ground.


calcicolous

en-adj

calcicolous (comparative more calcicolous, superlative most calcicolous)

more calcicolous (comparative)
most calcicolous (superlative)

(botany) That thrives in calcareous soil.


detriticolous

detriticolous (comparative more detriticolous, superlative most detriticolous)

more detriticolous (comparative)
most detriticolous (superlative)


deserticolous

deserticolous (comparative more deserticolous, superlative most deserticolous)

more deserticolous (comparative)
most deserticolous (superlative)

It must be understood that for a deserticolous species the "interpretation" of what a barrier is may be different from that of a jungle species.

2013, Eduardo H Rapoport, Areography: Geographical Strategies of Species, page 124:


positive eugenics

(biology) The applied science of selecting positive or desirable traits in a species.

(biology, sociology) A social philosophy which advocates for human enhancement by selecting for positive or desirable traits in a species.


human enhancement

en-noun

human enhancement (countable and uncountable, plural human enhancements)

(biology) The use of technology or natural means to overcome the limitations of the human body.


subfastigiately

H. praténse, Koch. Diœcious (in European specimens pseudomonœcious, Bryol. Europ.); stems ascending, divided, subfastigiately branched; branches sparingly ramulose cauline leaves subcomplanate, decurved at the apex (those of the branches secund-falcate), ovate-lanceolate, minutely serrulate above; capsue cernuous, incurved-oblong; operculum convex-conic.

1856, William Starling Sullivant, The musci and hepaticæ of the United States east of the Mississippi River, page 674:

Flowers in spirally-disposed 3-flowered clusters on the branches of a simply subfastigiately branched spadix, the female flower between and below two males.

1877, J. G. Baker, Flora of Mauritius and the Seychelles, page 383:

An erect slender herb, sparingly subfastigiately branched; branches towards their tips finely downy with hooked hairs.

1902, Sir George King, Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula, page 132:

(botany, obsolete) In a subfastigiate manner.


zygophyllaceous

(botany) Of or relating to the family Zygophyllaceae of bean-capers, caltrops, and related plants.


active transport

(biology) Movement of ions or molecules across a cell membrane into a region of higher concentration, assisted by enzymes and requiring energy.


monstrilloid

(zoology) Any copepod in the order Monstrilloida.


poecilostomatoid

(zoology) Any member of the order Poecilostomatoida of copepods.


oxyrhynchus

/ˌɒksɪˈɹɪŋkəs/

/ˌɑksiˈɹɪŋkəs/

From New Latin oxyrhynchus, from Ancient Greek ὀξῠ́ρρῠγχος (oxŭ́rrhŭnkhos, “a kind of Egyptian fish”) (whence also the place name Ὀξῠ́ρρῠγχος (Oxŭ́rrhŭnkhos), from ὀξῠ́ς (oxŭ́s, “sharp”) + ῥῠ́γχος (rhŭ́nkhos, “snout”).

compound

(ichthyology) a fish with a pointed snout


aunting

The aunting behavior in a captive group of 22 squirrel monkeys containing three infants was done in terms of the age/sex classification of those animals involved. The time course of the aunting phenomena and the type and intensity of the interactions between the mothers and the aunts were recorded.

1978, Susan M. Hunt, Katy M. Gamache, Joan S. Lockard, “Babysitting behavior by age/sex classification in squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus)”, in Primates, volume 19, page 162:

Such kidnapping rarely results in serious injury or death (i.e. 'aunting-to-death') with infant patas monkeys.

1995, Nakagawa N., “A case of infant kidnapping and allomothering by members of a neighbouring group in patas monkeys”, in Folia Primatol:

(zoology) The provision of maternal care by another, allomothering.


lamprophiid

(zoology) Any member of the snake family Lamprophiidae.


lactonase

en-noun

lactonase (countable and uncountable, plural lactonases)

(biochemistry) A metalloenzyme, produced by certain bacteria, that targets and inactivates acylated homoserine lactones (AHLs)


leucyltransferase

(biochemistry) A transferase enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction L-leucyl-tRNA + protein ⇌ tRNA + L-leucyl-protein.


leghemoglobin

leghemoglobin (countable and uncountable, plural leghemoglobins)

(biochemistry) A hemoprotein found in the nitrogen-fixing root nodules of leguminous plants.


C-nucleoside

(biochemistry) Any nucleoside that has a direct C-C bond between the carbohydrate and the heterocycle


lygodium

(botany) Any of the genus Lygodium of climbing ferns.


lumbrokinase

lumbrokinase (countable and uncountable, plural lumbrokinases)

(biochemistry) A collective name for various fibrinolytic enzymes present in various earthworms, especially Lumbricus bimastus and Lumbricus rubellus.


lucigenin

(biochemistry) An aromatic compound, bis-N-methylacridinium nitrate, that exhibits a bluish-green fluorescence.


allobiosis

(biology) adaptation to changes in internal or external conditions


allochory

(biology) The passive dispersal of seeds by means of external agents.


queenright

We have yet to identify every factor involved, but one variable is whether the nest contains a queen ant (queenright) or is queenless.

2012, Andrew Pullin, Ecology and Conservation of Butterflies:

(zoology, of colonies of bees, ants, etc.) Having a queen.


lipophilia

(biochemistry) The property of being lipophilic.


POG

POG (countable and uncountable, plural POGs)

(oncology, genetics) Acronym of personalized oncogenomics.


anemotropism

(botany) The orientation of plants in response to the direction of the wind.


anopisthograph

(palaeography) Written on one side only.


anthogenesis

(biology) The production of both males and females by parthenogenesis.

(botany) The formation of the flowers of plants.


oestrin

oestrin (countable and uncountable, plural oestrins)

Encouraged by his friends Solly Zuckerman and J. B. S. Haldane, Bernal had obtained crystals of calciferol and the female sex hormone oestrin.

1998, Georgina Ferry, Dorothy Hodgkin: A Life:

(biochemistry, now rare) An oestrogen, specifically oestrone.


apocytium

(biology) A multinucleate mass of protoplasm that lacks a distinct cell membrane


keratinase

(biochemistry) A proteolytic proteinase enzyme produced in the presence of keratin-containing substrate.


footganger

footgangers (plural)
foot-ganger (alternative)

Perhaps from Dutch or Afrikaans voetganger (“pedestrian”, literally “foot-goer”), or a partial calque of German Fußgänger (“pedestrian”), equivalent to foot + ganger (“goer, walker, stepper”).

partial calque

Midway between Bloomfontein and Kimberley, while riding with Major Beresford, of the South African Constabulary, at the foot of some low hills in the Karoo bush, I came across great numbers of the footgangers.

We passed several swarms of locusts in the footganger stage; but owing to the lateness of their appearance the damage they effected was slight, though we met many people coming from the west, whose crops had been utterly destroyed.

1904, Mark Sykes, John Hugh Smith, Edward Granville Browne, Dar-ul-Islam: A Record of a Journey Through Ten of the Asiatic Provinces of Turkey:

(entomology) A juvenile locust or grasshopper while in its wingless or flightless phase.


PCW

(biology) Initialism of postconception weeks.


glucagonlike

a glucagonlike peptide


glicentin

(biology) A peptide hormone found in the gut, of uncertain biological function.


Marek's disease

Named after József Marek, a Hungarian veterinarian.

(veterinary medicine) A contagious viral neoplastic disease in chickens.


NAC

(biochemistry) Abbreviation of N-acetylcarnosine.


crurotarsan

(zoology) Any of the Crurotarsi, a taxonomic group including the archosaurs and phytosaurs.


hectad

Those taxa that show interesting distributions have been mapped and included here, their maps incorporating earlier records made by Laflin and others from 1958 to 1968 which had been based only on localities with hectad grid references.

1998, John Killick, Alan Roy Perry, Stan[ley Reginald John] Woodell, The Flora of Oxfordshire, [Newbury, Berkshire]: Pisces Publications, →ISBN:

This comprises the proportion of each hectad covered by each of ten land-cover types: sea, coastal, arable, broadleaf forest, built-up, conifer forest, improved grassland, open water (rivers, lochs, etc.), semi-natural and upland. The temperature used was taken to be the annual temperature per hectad averaged over the period 1920–1999 […]

2007, Glenn Marion et al., “Towards an Integrated Approach to Stochastic Process-based Modelling: With Applications to Animal Behaviour and Spatio-temporal Spread”, in David L. Swain et al., editors, Redesigning Animal Agriculture: The Challenge of the 21st Century, Wallingford, Oxon., Cambridge, Mass.: CAB International, →ISBN, page 166:

They took figures for the abundance of invasive weeds mapped according to the normal grid unit of the 'hectad', or 10 × 10 km square, and then looked at how abundant these species were mapped at a much finer scale – in 'tetrads', or 2 × 2 km squares, inside these hectads.

2010, Richard Mabey, Weeds: How Vagabond Plants Gatecrashed Civilisation and Changed the Way We Think about Nature, London: Profile Books, →ISBN:

Certainly pampas grass made a slow start in the wild in this country [United Kingdom]; despite being grown here since 1848, it was recorded in only 21 hectads (10 x 10km squares) up to 1986, but is now recorded in 425.

2014 December 12, Ken Thompson, “Do plants have a gender? Most plants are hermaphrodite, but not all – and an interesting situation arises when only one sex is imported into the UK [print version: Alien plant species in search of a mate: Although most plants are hermaphrodite, some come in two distinct genders. So how does a single-sex community develop?, page W28]”, in The Daily Telegraph (Weekend), archived from the original on 2016-03-15:

(biology, cartography) A unit of land area, ten by ten (that is, a hundred) square kilometres, often used for assessing how widely distributed particular animals or plants are.


notoplate

(zoology) The central posterior region of the neural plate that is elongated during neurulation.


LBM

He reached in and pulled out about a dozen mushrooms, shriveled and dried beyond recognition, that could have been Conocybes, Inocybes, Coprini, Psathyrellae, or any of a dozen other kinds of LBMs, mostly inedible, some mildly to seriously toxic, and one, a Galerina, deadly poisonous.

1986, Sarah Ann Friedman, Celebrating the Wild Mushroom: A Passionate Quest, page 139:

All LBMs should be avoided as edibles.

1999, George Barron, Mushrooms of Northeast North America: Midwest to New England, page 209:

LBMs lack truly distinctive features that set them apart from the crowd, just like most Psilocybe mushrooms.

2010, Greg A. Marley, Chanterelle Dreams, Amanita Nightmares: The Love, Lore, and Mystique of Mushrooms, page 177:

(mycology) Initialism of little brown mushroom: any of a large number of small, dull-coloured agaric species that are difficult to tell apart.


epigamic

(zoology) Attractive to the opposite sex


ecad

(ecology) An organism whose form has been affected by its environment.


identical by descent

(genetics) Of corresponding segments of a chromosome in different individuals, identical because they were inherited from a common ancestor without crossover.


forespur

The tibial comb or forespur, on the front pair of legs, has about 65 teeth, stiff and elastic, and is deftly fitted into the tarsus opposite, which has about 45 coarser teeth.

1914, Joshua Hughes Paul, Out of doors in the west:

The main joint at his forespur kept slipping each time he tried to unfold it. Nilrasha stifled a sob. "I'm sorry, Ru. But it doesn't matter. Your wings are uncased." She began to lick his wounds. By hooking the wing tip in a crack on the balcony and ...

2007, E. E. Knight, Dragon Outcast - Page 246:

Finally, species living on (d) hard soils have long spur—like apical extensions of the protibiae and well—developed forespurs, which often exhibit a lot of wear.

2010, Richard A.B. Leschen, Rolf G. Beutel, John F. Lawrence, Volume 2: Morphology and Systematics:

(anatomy, zoology) A spur positioned at the fore, or facing forward.


isosporous

Ferns are isosporous.

(biology) Producing only one kind of spore.


isospore

(biology) One of the spores produced by an isosporous organism.


eugenesis

(biology) The quality or condition of having strong reproductive powers; generation with full fertility between different species or races, specifically between hybrids of the first generation.


suberization

en-noun

suberization (usually uncountable, plural suberizations)

(botany) conversion of the cell walls into cork tissue by development of suberin; commonly taking place in exposed tissues, as when a callus forms over a wound.


estromimetic

(biology) Mimicking the action of estrogen.


progestomimetic

(biology) Mimicking the action of progesterone.


andromimetic

From andro- + mimetic. Literally “male mimic”.

The administration of exogenous cyclic AMP was found to produce marked “andromimetic” effects on a number of enzymes...

1974 March 20, D.J.B.Sutherland, R.L.Singhal, “Alterations in adenylate cyclase activity of the rat prostate gland”, in Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects, pages 238–249:

(dated, nonstandard, rare, biology) Imitating the biological processes of a male organism.


chalazogamy

(botany) A process of fecundation in which the pollen tube penetrates to the embryo sac through the tissue of the chalaza, instead of entering through the micropyle.


paussine

(zoology) Any of the subfamily Paussinae of ground beetles, most of which live as predators in ants' nests.


brachinine

(zoology) Any beetle of the carabid subfamily Brachininae.


rhysodine

(zoology) Any of the subfamily Rhysodinae of carabid beetles.


scaritine

(zoology) Any of the subfamily Scaritinae of carabid beetles.


elaphrine

(zoology) Any of the subfamily Elaphrinae of carabid beetles.


cicindeline

(zoology) Any of the subfamily Cicindelinae of carabid beetles, the tiger beetles.


ferndom

In ferndom all people are divided into two classes: the first, those who are in profound ignorance of these beautiful forms in the vegetable kingdom; the second, those who know almost everything about them and are full of enthusiasm, …

Staghorn ferns, with their antlerlike leaves, are really curios of ferndom and never fail to gain attention.

2013, Joan Lee Faust, The New York Times Garden Book, Revised:

(botany) The world of ferns; ferns collectively.


false primary

The false primary about one third the length of the first, which is shorter than the fourth.

1875, Charles Robert Bree, A History of the Birds of Europe:

These Owls, in conjunction with some other species of their kind, have a marked peculiarity—i.e., the outer barbs of the first true primary and of the first false primary feathers have no barbules.

1905, The Emu: Official Organ of the Australasian Ornithologists' Union - Volumes 4-5:

A web of skin grew from his wrists to his shoulders, while his primary feathers burst out in soft quills from the end of his fingers and quickly grew. His secondaries sprouted along his forearm, and a charming little false primary sprang from the end of each thumb.

1958, T.H.White, The Once and Future King:

(ornithology, rare) Any flight feather that appears between the primaries and secondaries on a bird's wing.


abasically

(genetics, biochemistry) Missing a nucleotide base.


andropogon

(botany) Any member of the grass genus Andropogon.

andropogon

any member of the grass genus Andropogon


anisospore

(biology) A sexual spore in which the sexes differ in size.


caulome

(botany) A stem structure or stem axis of a plant, viewed as a whole.


trihybrid

(biology) A hybrid whose parents differ by three pairs of contrasting Mendelian characters.


hemigynous

From Ancient Greek ἡμι- (hēmi-) + γυνή (gunḗ) + -ous.

Since the above was written, I find that the hemigynous insects require a more careful examination than I had found leisure to bestow on them, […]

1851, Edward Newman, “On the Word Hermaphrodite”, in The Zoologist:

Hemigynous Specimen of Acronycta leporina.

1872 March 18, “Extracts from the Proceedings of the Entomological Society, March 18, 1872”, in The Entomologist, page 267:

The female characters may be assumed on the head (gynaecocephalous), afterwards on the thorax (hemigynous), and finally on the elytra.

1901, Journal of the Royal Microscopical Society [of Great Britain], page 413:

(entomology, obsolete) Having characteristics of both male and female of the species but the sexual organs for one gender only.


metaphasis

metaphasis (countable and uncountable, plural metaphases)

The sister chromatid exchange (SCE) assay measures the drug-induced metaphasis SCE.

2013, Davide Schiffer, Brain Tumors: Pathology and its Biological Correlates, →ISBN:

The reason is that homologous pairing takes place before metaphasis, during pachytene.

1992, Pieter Jan Cornelis Kuiper, Plantago: a multidisciplinary study, page 234:

The nuclei at the 9.55 stage show some indication of change, but none of them have reached the metaphasis of the process of division, while at 11.25 the metaphasis was finished and the protoplasm already aggregated round the daughter nuclei.

1893 February 2, Arthur Lister, “On the division of Nuclei in the Mycetozoa”, in The Journal of the Linnean Society of London: Botany, volume 29, page 531:

(biology) Alternative form of metaphase.

There is abrupt lateral bending of the medial cortex wall of the proximal tibial metaphasis and, in the older child, deformity and retarded development of the ipsilateral epiphyseal plateau68

2013, B. G. Brogdon, Tor Shwayder, Jamie Elifritz, Child Abuse and its Mimics in Skin and Bone, →ISBN:

Next, a 1 cm longitudinal incision is created dorsally over the proximal shaft and metaphasis of the proximal phalanx.

2012, Selene G. Parekh, Foot and Ankle Surgery, →ISBN, page 82:

The evidence of previous fractures is seen in the metaphasis as masses of calcified matrix showing an abnormal architecture and surrounded by an excess of bone.

1955, Bulletin of the Johns Hopkins Hospital - Volume 97, page 408:

(biology) Alternative form of metaphysis.


trituberculy

(zoology, obsolete) A theory of the development of mammalian molar teeth.


cephalism

Thee closer connection off the subdivisions of the annelid is only one of degree; and as to having more organs in common than the Salpa it is rather like the community of interest which the coral cephalisms have in the main trunk.

1870, The American Journal of Science and Arts, page 74:

The medusoid cephalism is persistent, it remains to perform, in addition to its usual functions, a part which is most commonly assigned to the hydroid; thereby illustrating, by a whole order of beings, the theory that not only the hydroid cephalism, but the most highly developed medusoid cephalism, normally, may remain a constant part o what is commonly called a polypidom.

1878, Henry James Clark, Lucernariæ and Their Allies: A Memoir on the Anatomy and Physiology of Haliclystus Auricula, and Other Lucernarians:

(biology, obsolete) An instance of the development of a head or head-like structure.


hyparchic

(genetics, of a gene) Whose action is affected by adjacent, especially by adjacent epistatic, genes


cuckolder

(zoology) A male of certain kinds of fish that interrupts a mating pair to release sperm in an attempt to fertilize the female.


nuthacker

The common names nuthatch and nuthacker refer to the way the bird takes a nut in its claws and hacks at it with its bill or wedges it in the bark of a tree and hacks it with hard strokes to break it open.

2013, George Adams, George Martin Adams, Gardening for the Birds: How to Create a Bird-friendly Backyard - Page 346:


Neo-Lamarckism

(biology, historical) Lamarckism as revived, modified, and expounded by later biologists, especially as maintaining that the offspring inherits traits acquired by the parent from change of environment, use or disuse of parts, etc.


mimosaceous

(botany) Of or relating to the Mimosaceae.


exotegmic

In general, the mature endosperm shows a protein-rich outer layer and exotegmic cells have a zigzag pattern, while the exotesta is siliciferous.

1998, Klaus Kubitzki, H. Huber, The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants: Volume VI: Flowering Plants. Monocotyledons: Alismatanae and Commelinanae (except Gramineae), →ISBN, page 418:

(botany) Pertaining to the outer portion of the integument.


endotegmic

Mesotegmic seeds with coats derived from the middle layer are rare, while endotegmic seeds with coats derived from the innermost layer of the inner integument are present in, for example, the black pepper family (Piperaceae).

2012, J. Derek Bewley, Kent Bradford, Henk Hilhorst, Seeds: Physiology of Development, Germination and Dormancy, 3rd edition., →ISBN, page 36:

(botany) Pertaining to the inner epidermis of the integument.