armeniaceous

en-adj

armeniaceous (comparative more armeniaceous, superlative most armeniaceous)

more armeniaceous (comparative)
most armeniaceous (superlative)


chaeto-

classical compound
international scientific vocabulary

From international scientific vocabulary, reflecting a New Latin combining form; see English chaeta and New Latin chaeta, from Ancient Greek χαίτη (khaítē, “crest, mane, flowing hair, foliage”).

uder

(biology, medicine) chaeta (“chitinous bristle”).


exclinate

en-adj

exclinate (comparative more exclinate, superlative most exclinate)

more exclinate (comparative)
most exclinate (superlative)


javanicin

en-noun

javanicin (countable and uncountable, plural javanicins)

From Latin javanica + -in, after the taxonomic name of the plants.

(biochemistry) A small defensin-type antimicrobial peptide isolated from the seeds of Sesbania javanica.


AMPK

AMP-activated protein kinase
w:AMP-activated protein kinase

(biochemistry) Initialism of AMP-activated protein kinase.

(acetyl-CoA carboxylase) kinase
w:(acetyl-CoA carboxylase) kinase

(biochemistry) Initialism of (acetyl-CoA carboxylase) kinase.


zombie cell

Senescent cells are often referred to as "zombie cells," because even though they should be dead, they refuse to die. In the petri dish and in frozen, thinly sliced tissue sections, we can stain zombie cells blue because they make a rare enzyme called beta-galactosidase, and when we do that, they light up clearly.

2019, David A. Sinclair, Matthew D. LaPlante, Lifespan, Simon & Schuster, page 150:

Known as senolytic therapies, these drugs destroy the inflammation-producing zombie cells believed to be one of the causes of aging.

2020, Peter H. Diamandis, Steven Kotler, The Future Is Faster Than You Think, Simon & Schuster, page 175:

2022, Louann Brizendine, The Upgrade: How the Female Brain Gets Stronger and Better in Midlife and Beyond, Penguin Random House (Harmony Books), unnumbered page,
Without restful sleep, they can't do their job of balancing debris and inflammation, and that can lead to the emergence of zombie cells.

(informal, cytology) A senescent cell, which avoids programmed cell death (apoptosis) and may damage other cells (including causing them to become senescent) by secretions associated with senescence-associated secretory phenotype.


DArT

Diversity arrays technology
w:Diversity arrays technology

(genetics) Acronym of Diversity arrays technology (“a genetic marker technique”).


idionym

Haworth's idionym “v-flava” has been changed to “v-flavum,” despite its acceptance, with explanation of derivation, by the Entomological Societies of Oxford and Cambridge […]

1907, Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, page 1014:

(taxonomy, dated) A specific epithet; the name of a species.


diplodactylin

(herpetology) Any member of the Diplodactylinae subfamily of lizards.


diplodactyloid

(herpetology) Any member of the Diplodactyloidea superfamily of lizards.


rhopaloid

en-adj

rhopaloid (comparative more rhopaloid, superlative most rhopaloid)

more rhopaloid (comparative)
most rhopaloid (superlative)

Moreover, septa of Amplexocarinia are not rhopaloid , nor are they long in early stages comparable to early stages of Bradyphyllum .

1961, W. H. Easton, Carboniferous Formations and Faunas of Central Montana, page 30:

The septa in the cardinal quadrants are thickened and rhopaloid .

2002, Palaeontologia Polonica - Issue 61, page 21:

A new category of heterotrichous microbasic rhopaloid nematocysts was identified in the scyphopolyps.

2013, Andrew D. Naumov, Herman Hummel, Alexey A. Sukhotin, Interactions and Adaptation Strategies of Marine Organisms, page 9:

(zoology) Having a shaft or tentacle with an uneven diameter.


rhopaloid

The principal tentacular nematocysts are homotrichous microbasic rhopaloids, the capsule averaging 25–26μ long by 15–18μ across.

1967, Australian Journal of Zoology, page 664:

Stenoteles and euryteles are both rhopaloids, nematocysts characterized by an anisodiametrically dilated shaft.

1984, Zoologische Mededeelingen, page 41:

The tentacles, either singly or fused, become the four rhopaloids.

2020, Fatma El-Bawab, Invertebrate Embryology and Reproduction, page 241:

(zoology) A rhopaloid shaft or tentacle.


alcohol dehydrogenase

en-noun

alcohol dehydrogenase (plural alcohol dehydrogenases)

alcohol dehydrogenases (plural)
alcoholdehydrogenase (alternative)
alcohol-dehydrogenase (alternative)

(biochemistry) An enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes or ketones.


calitoxin

(biochemistry) A sea anemone neurotoxin produced by Calliactis parasitica.


lecidiene

(lichenology) Lacking a margin around the thallus, or having a margin made of the excipulum itself (of the apothecium)


apotheciate

(lichenology) Consisting of an apothecium.


actinoceroid

(malacology) Any member of the Actinoceroidea superfamily of cephalopods.


carboxidotroph

(biology) An organism that can use carbon monoxide as an energy source.


gynogen

haploid gynogens

(biology) a cell that contains only genes from the mother.


impaternate

impaternate larvae

(biology) Fatherless; having been born through parthenogenesis.


orophilous

en-adj

orophilous (comparative more orophilous, superlative most orophilous)

more orophilous (comparative)
most orophilous (superlative)

From oro- (“mountains”) + -philous (“love”).


PlGF

(medicine, biochemistry) Abbreviation of placental growth factor; a biomolecule encoded by the gene PGF (“placental growth factor gene”).


adrenalinogenic

Hazard R, Boissier JR, Giudicelli JF (Fac Med Paris, Paris, France) Comparison of changes of adrenalinogenic actions of potassium ions, rubidium, and cesium under the influence of direct pharmacological agents Arch Int […]

1972, National Library of Medicine (U.S.). Toxicology Information Program, Drug Interactions; an Annotated Bibliography with Selected Excerpts: 1967-1970, U.S. Government Printing Office:

(biochemistry, organic chemistry) Creating adrenaline.


adrenalinic

Duration of treatment and observation on adrenalinic eosinopenia varied from sixty - five to three hundred and thirty days.

1951, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology:

Hyperaemia attains a maximum in denervated tissues owing to suppression of the adrenalinic mediator.

upper limit free of any apparent manifestations, and a lower limit expressed by a slight generalized hyperexcitability, discrete adrenalinic mydriasis which discloses the existence of a slight stimulation of the suprarenal capsule.

1963, Abstracts of Reports, Symposia, Discussions and Free Communications:

(organic chemistry, biochemistry) Of or pertaining to adrenaline.


diphyllic

diphyllic (comparative more diphyllic, superlative most diphyllic)

more diphyllic (comparative)
most diphyllic (superlative)

The first lateral lobe is diphyllic, having two nearly equal-sized secondary lobes. The second lateral lobe is monophyllic having a single secondary lobe which lies on the side toward the venter.

1933, The Geology of Texas - Issue 3701, Volume 3, page 308:

The suture line is characterized by the presence of diphyllic saddles, a feature better developed on LS1 and LS2.

1962, José Idamor Corvalán, Early Mesozoic Biostratigraphy of the Westgate Area, page 152:

However as Dr W.J. Arkell observed in his MS notes the distinction between a diphyllic and tetraphyllic lateral saddle depends on the relative development of the small terminal folioles, which are liable to vary and change with growth.

1997, Graeme Roy Stevens, The Late Jurassic Ammonite Fauna of New Zealand, page 19:

(paleontology) Having two phylloid lobes.


ballistospory

(mycology) Having or using ballistospores.


jecorin

From Latin iecur, iecoris (“liver”) + -in.

(biochemistry, obsolete) An azotized substance containing sulfur, found in the livers of young animals.


symphytan

(entomology) Any member of the Symphyta suborder of sawflies.


telotrematous

(zoology) Of or relating to the Telotremata.


prototrophism

Berrie [ 254 ] found that the incubation temperature of the colon bacillus has an influence on the incidence of the mutations returning to prototrophism and streptomycin independence

1962, Nikolaĭ Petrovich Dubinin, Problems of Radiation Genetics, page 275:

These strains enable recording of reverse mutations from auxotrophism on tryptophan to prototrophism .

1992, Soviet Genetics - Volume 28, Issues 1-6, page 173:

Auxotrophic mutant strains are readily obtained but they should always be tested for reversion to prototrophism before use.

2014, Antoon D. L. Akkermans, Jan Dirk Van Elsas, Frans J. De Bruijn, Molecular Microbial Ecology Manual:

(microbiology) Reversion to the growth factor requirements of an ancestral strain.


termitophage

(zoology) An organism that eats termites.


vampyromorphid

(malacology) Any member of the Vampyromorphida order of cephalopods.


argonautoid

(malacology) Any member of the Argonautoidea superfamily of cephalopods.


pseudorthocerid

(malacology) Any member of the Pseudorthocerida order of cephalopods


sapstreak

(mycology, botany) A fungal disease of sugar maples caused by Ceratocystis coerulescens.


ceratinine

(entomology) Any member of the genus Ceratina of small carpenter bees.


ceratinine

(biochemistry) One of a family of brominated aromatic amine pheromones used by the sponge Pseudoceratina arabica.


tabularin

(organic chemistry, biochemistry) A flavone found in the Indian Mahogany tree.


bussein

(organic chemistry, biochemistry) A tetranortriterpene found in the Indian mahogany tree.


phragmalin

en-noun

phragmalin (countable and uncountable, plural phragmalins)

(organic chemistry, biochemistry) A limonoid found in the Indian mahogany tree.


meliacin

(organic chemistry, biochemistry) A type of limonoid chemical.


endotome

The tegmens are indeed similar and the composition of the cups are about the same but the organisation of the arms of Thamnocrinus with pronounced endotome branching and completely fixed main arm trunk must have differed considerably from Stamnocrinus devonicus.

1962, Albert Breimer, Collected papers - Volume 1, page 64:

Recently, lineage tracing somite cells using the Kaede protein and Cre/loxP technology revealed that a subset of somite cells termed endotome give rise to angioblasts that colonize the DA (Nguyen et al. 2014).

2021, Jaap Diederik Van Buul, Stephan Huveneers, Mariona Graupera, Endothelial Dynamics in Health and Disease, page 75:

(biology) The somite cells that eventually give rise to the endothelium.


precinctive

(biology) Endemic; peculiar to a particular area or region.


C₄

The enzyme responsible for C₄ fixation is PEP carboxylase.

2021, Caroline Bowsher, Alyson Tobin, Plant Biochemistry:

Since C₄ plants have become more prevalent, and because they are poorer sources of nutrition, herbivores have had to adapt their feeding behaviour to the changing flora.

2022, Thomas Halliday, Otherworlds, Penguin, published 2023, page 29:

(biochemistry) Designating a type of photosynthesis or carbon fixation, or a plant using such a process.


gen. et sp. nov.

(taxonomy, biology, paleontology) new genus and species


nondermatomal

nondermatomal distribution

(biology, medicine, of sensation or pain) Not dermatomal: not corresponding to the boundaries of neural dermatomes.


appendicovesical

appendicovesical fistulas

(vermiform) appendix
vermiform appendix#English

(biology, medicine) Relating to the (vermiform) appendix and the urinary bladder, usually with reference to a fistula therebetween.


panserositis

From pan- + serositis or pan- + seros(ae) + -itis.

serous membranes
serous membrane#English

Kawasaki disease
Kawasaki disease#English

(biology, medicine) Inflammation of many serosae (serous membranes), throughout the body, as a component of a systemic disease process, such as Kawasaki disease, MIS-C, or MIS-A (Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Adults); thus, vasculitides, polyarthritides, and pericarditis are involved.


prediverticular

From pre- + diverticular or pre- + diverticul(um) + -ar.

prediverticular disease

prediverticular state

prediverticular stage

prediverticular phase

(biology, medicine, of diverticulosis) Present in an incipient form that has not yet progressed to formation of complete diverticula.


peridiverticular

From peri- + diverticular or peri- + diverticul(um) + -ar.

peridiverticular inflammation

peridiverticular abscess

(biology, medicine) Around a diverticulum; adjacent to a diverticulum.


vesicoenteral

vesicoenteral fistulas

(biology, medicine) Synonym of intestinovesical.


antimannan

(biology, medicine, of antibodies) Against mannan.


enterocolonic

enterocolonic fistulas

(biology, medicine) Synonym of enterocolic.


microphyllinic acid

(biochemistry, lichenology) A lichen-derived chemical compound with IUPAC name 2-hydroxy-4-[2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-6-(2-oxoheptyl)benzoyl]oxy-6-(2-oxoheptyl)benzoic acid.


sapeornithid

(paleontology) Any member of the Sapeornithidae (also officially known as Omnivoropterygidae) family of theropods.


chiodectonic acid

(biochemistry, lichenology) A red dye derived from a lichen with IUPAC name 2-acetyl-3,5,6,8-tetrahydroxy-7-methoxybenzo[f][1]benzofuran-4,9-dione.


chronocyte

(biology) A hypothetical ancestor to eucaryotes, which is a cell that engulfed an archaea and a bacteria.


glorin

(biochemistry) A chemoattractant used by some amoeba N-propionyl-γ-L-glutamyl-L-ornithin-δ-lactam-ethylester.


praetornal

(entomology) Located in front of the tornus


cementoid

(dentistry, zoology) A matrix of collagen fibres that becomes mineralised to form cementum.


cementoclast

(dentistry, zoology) A multinucleated giant cell that consumes cementum.


karyotypy

(biology) The property of having the same chromosomal characteristics.


himasecolone

(biochemistry) A phenolic sesquiterpenoid with IUPAC name 6-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-6-methylheptan-2-one.


cedrin

(biochemistry) A flavonol from Cedrus deodara with IUPAC name (2R,3R)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-6-methyl-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one.


pappotheriid

(paleontology) Any member of the Pappotheriidae of extinct mammals


tribothere

(paleontology) One of a group of extinct tribosphenic marsupial-like therians.


midstyled

(botany) Having a style of medium length.


pseudorheumatoid

progressive pseudorheumatoid dysplasia (PPD)

progressive pseudorheumatoid dysplasia (PPRD)

(biology, medicine) Seemingly rheumatoid but not (that is, clinically similar but pathophysiologically different).


rostrolatus

(zoology) In barnacles, the name for one of two large shell plates immediately lateral to the rostrum.


isocicutoxin

Cicuta virosa
Cicuta virosa#Translingual

(biochemistry) A toxic chemical from Cicuta virosa with IUPAC name (8Z,10E,12E)-heptadeca-8,10,12-trien-4,6-diyne-1,14-diol.


HAQER

(genetics, evolutionary theory) Acronym of human ancestor quickly evolved region.


scolopin

(biochemistry) An antimicrobial peptide produced by Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans.


palaeolimnologist

(paleontology) Alternative spelling of paleolimnologist.


chironomoid

(entomology) Any member of the Chironomoidea superfamily of flies.


chbG

Escherichia coli
Escherichia coli#Translingual

(biochemistry) A gene in the bacterium Escherichia coli that codes for a chitooligosaccharide deacetylase.


hypnoblast

From hypno- (“sleep”) + -blast (“cell”).

(microbiology) A thick-walled cell in the resting stage of an alga.


hGSTA

(biochemistry) Initialism of human glutathione S-transferase A.


peucedanoid

From Ancient Greek πευκέδανον (peukédanon) + -oid.

(entomology) Relating to one of two forms of Zygaena ephialtes.


kleptocnida

(biology) A nematocyst that was stolen from prey.


kleptocnidy

(biology) The theft of nematocysts from prey.


cinM

(biology) A gene coding proteins responsible for the dehydration of serine and threonine residues in the propeptide followed by the subsequent formation of lanthionine bridges in cinnamycin.


cinA

(biology) A gene coding the cinnamycin precursor peptide.


cinX

(biology) A gene that encodes the protein that catalyzes the hydroxylation of aspartate at position 15 of cinnamycin.


mononematic

(entomology) Having electron-dense extracellular material localized to the junction between the cilia and the attachment cell. (of stretch receptor organs in insects and crustaceans)


nompC

Initialism of No mechanoreceptor potential C

Drosophila melanogaster
Drosophila melanogaster#Translingual

(genetics, entomology) A gene coding for a mechanosensitive ion channel protein in Drosophila melanogaster.


crosswall

crosswalls (plural)
cross-wall (alternative)

(biology) A cell wall partitioning hypha.


tcdA

Clostridium difficile
Clostridium difficile#Translingual

(biochemistry) The gene that encodes Clostridium difficile toxin A.


worm shell

worm shells (plural)
wormshell (alternative)
worm-shell (alternative)

(zoology) Any member of the sea snail family Vermetidae.


oncogenous

/ɒŋˈkɒd͡ʒɪnəs/

oncogenous osteomalacia

(biology, medicine) Arising from or caused by a tumor.

oncogenous viruses


alpha-gal

When certain ticks bite humans, they can transfer alpha-gal into the bloodstream, causing their victims to develop a severe response to red meat consumption.

2025 March 24, Diana Bruk, “What is alpha-gal syndrome? New concern about bizarre red meat allergy linked to ticks”, in New York Post:

(biochemistry) A carbohydrate found in most mammalian cell membranes.


alpha-GAL

(biochemistry) Abbreviation of α-Galactosidase.


Nickelback

From nickel + back. From having nickel atoms on the backbone structure.

(biochemistry) A peptide with a nitrogen backbone containing two nickel atoms and having 13 amino acids.


dodecin

dodecin (countable and uncountable, plural dodecins)

From dodecameric + -in (as the proteins assemble in groups of 12).

(biochemistry) A small protein from bacteria used to store flavins.


centrosaurin

(paleontology) Any member of the Centrosaurinae subfamily of dinosaurs.


alimentary castration

(zoology) Sterility, in certain insects, caused by nutritional deficiency during the larval stage.


superprecipitation

(biochemistry) Formation of a gel in a reaction of muscle proteins: actin, myosin and ATP


pseudomitosis

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-pseudomitosis.wav

(cytology) A process resembling the start of mitosis, triggered by viral infection, where spindle poles are formed in a cell.


aponogeton

(botany) Any plant of the genus Aponogeton.


cyclidan

(paleontology) Any member of the Cyclida order of crab-like arthropods.


diadenylyl

(biochemistry, in combination) Two adenylyl groups


autosuccession

autosuccession (countable and uncountable, plural autosuccessions)

(ecology) An ecological succession, in which a species promotes its own continuation. So initial population and climax is the same.


mitochondriate

From mitochondria + -ate (adjective-forming suffix).


gonite

(entomology) The last abdominal segments on a dipteran (fly), which are modified for reproduction


kolkwitzia

(botany) A plant of the former genus Kolkwitzia.


koelreuteria

(botany) Any plant of the genus Koelreuteria.


photoblocker

(biochemistry, lithography) A substance that stops light.


pluripolar

(microbiology) Having several poles instead of just two (said of mitosis, a cell undergoing mitosis, or the spindle apparatus).


flagship species

en-noun

flagship species (plural keystone species)

(ecology) A highly recognizable and widely appreciated species that may serve to raise support a broader conservation effort.


BRCA

BRCA (countable and uncountable, plural BRCAs)

HGNC symbol, initialism of breast cancer.

The writer David Samuels, a friend since childhood, said the cause was metastatic breast cancer, which in her case had resulted from the BRCA genetic mutation. Ms. Wurtzel had a double mastectomy in 2015. After her diagnosis, she became an advocate for BRCA testing — something she had not had — and wrote about her cancer experience in The New York Times.

2020 January 7, Neil Genzlinger, “Elizabeth Wurtzel, ‘Prozac Nation’ Author, Is Dead at 52”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

(biochemistry) Any of a number of genes and proteins associated with breast cancer, especially BRCA1 and BRCA2.


pachydermous

en-adj

pachydermous (comparative more pachydermous, superlative most pachydermous)

more pachydermous (comparative)
most pachydermous (superlative)

(botany) Of mosses: having the cells or capsules firm and resistant.


deltasatellite

The purple and green parts of deltasatellite SCR represent the predicted conserved stem-loop and secondary stem-loop structures, respectively.

2019, R. Vinoth Kumar, Geminiviruses: Impact, Challenges and Approaches, page 149:

Deltasatellites do not encode any gene in their genomes. However, they share some common features.

2021, Encyclopedia of Virology, page 246:

Several types of DNA satellites have been described to be associated with begomoviruses: betasatellites, alphasatellites, and deltasatellites.

2023, Elvira Fiallo-Olivé, Jesús Navas-Catillo, “Molecular and Biological Characterization of a New WOrld Mon-/Bipartite Begomovirus/Deltasatellite Complex Infecting Corchorus siliquosus”, in Giuseppe Parrella, Paul Leslie Guy, Toufic Elbeaino, editors, Emerging and Reemerging Plant Viruses in a Context of Global Change:

(biochemistry) A small non-coding DNA satellite about 700 nt long, associated with helper begomoviruses.


subpubescent

(botany, zoology) Almost or imperfectly pubescent.


caeco-

From international scientific vocabulary, reflecting a New Latin combining form, from Latin caecum, as at caecum § Etymology.


ozonium

(mycology) A carpet of hyphae, resembling an above-ground mycelium, associated with certain mushrooms of the genus Coprinellus.


michelia

(botany) Any plant of the genus Michelia.


KHV

koi herpes virus
w:Cyprinid herpesvirus 3

(biology) Initialism of koi herpes virus.


predatorism

(biology) The characteristic of being a predator.


glycocholase

(biochemistry) choloylglycine hydrolase, an enzyme used in bile acid biosynthesis.


choloylglycine

(biochemistry) A chemical compound of cholane and glycine.


choloyltaurine

(biochemistry) (usually N-choloyltaurine) taurocholic acid.


chonemorphine

(biochemistry) An alkaloid derived from Chonemorpha fragrans with IUPAC name (3S,5S,8R,9S,10S,13S,14S,17S)-17-[(1S)-1-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-amine


fire-bellied

(biology) In the names of various animals, having a red coloured belly.


IHH

(genetics) Initialism of Indian hedgehog.


worm-star

From worm + star. From being a star-shape-like collection of worms.

(zoology, pathology) A collection of nematode worms stuck together at their tails, caused by a bacterial infection by Verde1 that causes their tails to become sticky. The condition has a fatality rate of 80% for the worms.


QRDR

(microbiology) Abbreviation of quinolone resistance-determining region.


pyrodiverse

pyrodiverse (comparative more pyrodiverse, superlative most pyrodiverse)

more pyrodiverse (comparative)
most pyrodiverse (superlative)

(ecology) Of an environment or ecosystem, subject to variation in the kinds of fire experienced, whether produced by natural conditions or controlled burning.


accession number

en-noun

accession number (plural accession numbers)

(bioinformatics) A unique identifier given to a biological polymer sequence (DNA, protein) when it is submitted to a sequence database.


edriophthalmic

(zoology) Edriophthalmous; having stalkless eyes.


Danubian corridor

The caves lie on a migration route into western Europe known as the Danubian Corridor.

2018, Tim Flannery, Europe: A Natural History, page 179:

(paleontology, archaeology) A route along the valleys of the Danube and Rhine Rivers taken by of various ancient migrations of Eastern cultures into the north and northwest of Europe.


faunal assemblage

faunal assemblage (plural faunal assemblages)

Europe’s mammals are described by scientists as comprising faunal assemblages - groups of species that typically occur together.

2018, Tim Flannery, Europe: A Natural History, page 192:

(archaeology, paleontology) A group of different species that commonly associated with one another whose fossils occur together in a particular stratum.


scimitar-toothed

(paleontology) Of various prehistoric mammals, having long, slender, curved canines in the upper mouth.


phenocopic

(genetics) Of or relating to a phenocopy.


VNTR

We estimated that the following percentage of elements were correctly assembled: 95.4% of alpha satellites; 91.5% of human satellites 2 and 3; 97.7% of segmental duplications (SDs); 94.3% of variable number tandem repeats (VNTRs); 94.2% of short tandem repeats (STRs); and 98.8% of all human repeats²⁶.

2023 May 11, Wen-Wei LiaoMobin AsriJana Ebleret al., “A draft human pangenome reference”, in Nature, volume 617, →DOI, page 313:

variable number tandem repeat
w:variable number tandem repeat

(genetics) Initialism of variable number tandem repeat.


genomicize

en-verb

genomicize (third-person singular simple present genomicizes, present participle genomicizing, simple past and past participle genomicized)

genomicizes (present singular third-person)
genomicizing (participle present)
genomicized (participle past)
genomicized (past)
genomicise (alternative)

We are far from understanding how organisms with small genomes function, let alone how the human genome is organized. As more and more scientific disciplines get “genomicized”, the field will undergo continual transformation, thus a book like this one can only capture a flavor and a moment in time.

2002, Christoph W. Sensen, “Introduction”, in Christoph W. Sensen, editor, Essentials of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, →ISBN, page 2:

A plan to ‘genomicize’ epigenomics research and pave the way for breakthroughs in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of human disease.

2008 August 7, The American Association for Cancer Research Human Epigenome Task Force, European Union, Network of Excellence, Scientific Advisory Board, “Moving AHEAD with an international human epigenome project”, in Nature, volume 454, →DOI, page 711:

(transitive, genetics) To make genomic; to apply to the field of genomics.


genomicization

From genomicize + -ation or genomic + -ization.

In this book we ask how BOLI, as a partial ‘genomicization’ of the taxonomic discipline, has intensified and scaled up the distribution of practices, between field, lab and database?

2016 [2013], “Introduction”, in Claire Waterton, Rebecca Ellis, Brian Wynne, Barcoding Nature: Shifting Cultures of Taxonomy in an Age of Biodiversity Loss, London: Routledge, →ISBN, page 9:

(genetics) The act or process of genomicizing.


Bidder's organ

(anatomy, zoology) A spherical, brownish organ in most members of the family Bufonidae (true toads), located just in front of the kidney, or mesonephros, and apparently involved in regulating sex hormones.


metaleg

Likewise, in those insects where the metalegs are fitted for jumping, the prolegs and mesolegs are coordinated with the metalegs and fitted for walking

1923, Alexander Dyer MacGillivray, External Insect Anatomy:

The parts make up different but constant proportions of the entire leg for the pro- and mesolegs, but in the metaleg, the femur becomes relatively shorter and the tibia longer as size increases.

2013, Walter R. Tschinkel, The Fire Ants:

In X. flavitibia the first three tarsomeres of the metaleg are bright yellow.

2019, Jeffrey H. Skevington, Michelle M. Locke, Andrew D. Young, Field Guide to the Flower Flies of Northeastern North America:

(entomology) Either of the two hind legs on an insect.


semigregarious

(biology) Somewhat or partly gregarious.


lipovitamin

A deficit of biliary lipids in the alimentary tract causes: (a) fat malabsorption¹⁴², principally of lipovitamins, cholesterol and monoacylglycerols, but not of long-chain fatty acids¹⁶; (b) delayed formation of gut chylomicrons with larger sizes¹⁴³; […].

2008, M. C. Carey, M. R. Leonard, “Pathophysiology of bile secretion”, in M. C. Carey, P. Dité, A. Gabryelewicz, V. Keim, J. Mössner, editors, Falk Symposium 161: Future Perspectives in Gastroenterology, Dordrecht: Springer, →ISBN, page 88:


actinosiphonate

Cyrtochoanitic orthoceracones or slightly curved cyrtoceracones in which the septal necks are longer than the brims, and in which the connecting ring does not attain the adoral septum. Deposits within the siphuncle, if present, limited to a continuous lamellose lining, exhibiting neither actinosiphonate nor annulosiphonate structure.

1935 August 23, R. H. Flower, K. E. Caster, “The Stratigraphy and Paleontology of Northwestern Pennsylvania. Part II: Paleontology. Section A: The Cephalopod Fauna of the Conewango Series of the Upper Devonian in New York and Pennsylvania”, in Bulletins of American Paleontology, volume 22, number 75, Ithaca, NY, page 225:

(paleontology) Having vertical lamellae on the siphuncle, hypothesized to be either outgrowths of the connecting ring, or the result of gerontic secretions.


annulosiphonate

(paleontology) Having ring-shaped deposits at the septal foramina or siphuncle which resemble a thickening of the connecting ring.


nothomorph

A nothomorph is any taxon of hybrid origin, whether F1, segregate, or backcross.

1956, Regnum Vegetabile, volume 8, page 31:

Since F. cuneifolia is supposed to be of the same hybrid origin as F. xananassa, it has to be put under that name as a nothomorph.

1962, Canadian Journal of Botany, page 885:

They may be named under the Botanical Code (prior to 1982 they would have been referred to as nothomorphs or bastard forms) and also under the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants as 'cultivars' […]

2008, D. Gledhill, The Names of Plants, page 23:

(archaic, taxonomy) A subordinate rank within a nothospecies.


R.S.V.

The vaccine would be the first to protect babies from respiratory syncytial virus, or R.S.V., which is the reason many infants are admitted to children’s hospitals each year and kills several hundred under 5 each year.

2023 May 18, Christina Jewett, “F.D.A. Panel Recommends R.S.V. Vaccine to Protect Young Infants”, in The New York Times:

respiratory syncytial virus
respiratory syncytial virus#English

(virology) Initialism of respiratory syncytial virus.


shibire

Translingual: shi

From Japanese しびれ (shibire, “numbness, paralyzed”). Coined by Japanese-Canadian geneticist and zoologist David Suzuki, its discoverer. Originally discovered in its temperature sensitive form, shibire(ts), which caused the afflicted flies to drop from the sky on a temperature change, appearing to be a gene causing paralysis. Suzuki, referencing his Japanese heritage, chose a Japanese term for being paralyzed as the gene's name.

coin

(genetics) A gene found in Drosophila, its homolog of the dynamin gene.


organellomics

(biochemistry) The branch of cell biology that studies the structure and function of organelles in an organism.


hooktail

(entomology) Any dragonfly of the genus Paragomphus.


I have always told them not to worry, but the truth is I carry a “faulty” gene, BRCA1, which sharply increases my risk of developing breast cancer and ovarian cancer.

2013 May 14, Angelina Jolie, “My Medical Choice”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

(biochemistry) A human tumor suppressor gene associated with breast cancer.


en-noun

GLP-1 (countable and uncountable, plural GLP-1s)

glucagon-like peptide-1
w:glucagon-like peptide-1

(biochemistry) Initialism of glucagon-like peptide-1, an incretin (gastrointestinal hormone).


querimana

(zoology) A mugilid in the pelagic juvenile development stage.


climatic optimum

climatic optimum (plural climatic optima or climatic optimums)

climatic optima (plural)
climatic optimums (plural)

(geology, paleontology, climatology) Any time period, ranging from a few centuries to millions of years, marked by persistently warm temperatures.


tachyblastic

Little variation could be found in the size of the tachyblastic eggs produced by the members of any one clone, but some variation may occur from one clone to another.

1949, Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, page 7:

In growing cultures most gastrotrichs produce only tachyblastic eggs.

Ellsworth C. Dougherty, The Lower Metazoa (page 474)

Opsiblastic eggs are thick-shelled, a little larger than tachyblastic eggs, and are very resistant to freezing and drying.

2010, James H. Thorp, Alan P. Covich, Ecology and Classification of North American Freshwater Invertebrates, page 167:

(biology) Starting to develop immediately.


opsiblastic

From Ancient Greek ὀψέ (opsé, “late”) + -blastic.

Opsiblastic ova with retarded development occur in freshwater forms, although initiation of the process is little understood .

1982, Sybil P. Parker, Synopsis and Classification of Living Organisms - Volume 1, page 857:

If an opsiblastic egg is produced by an individual, it is usually the last oviposition by that animal even if it is also the first.

(biology) Exhibiting a period of dormancy before starting to develop.


pseudoroot

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-pseudoroot.wav

In addition, pseudoroots of anaerobic fungi and various cellulases secreted by rumen microorganisms are the main reasons for the efficient degradation of lignocellulosic biomass in rumen fermentation.

2023, Gustavo Molina, Minaxi Sharma, Rachid Benhida, Microbial Bioprocessing of Agri-food Wastes:

(biology) Any projection or nodule, such as the hypha of a fungus, that has a rootlike appearance without serving as an actual root.


misreplicate

en-verb

misreplicate (third-person singular simple present misreplicates, present participle misreplicating, simple past and past participle misreplicated)

misreplicates (present singular third-person)
misreplicating (participle present)
misreplicated (participle past)
misreplicated (past)

During cell division there is a probability that either or both of the master replicons will misreplicate and one of the daughter cells will be missing a master copy.

1970, Michael Abercrombie, Jean Brachet, Thomas Joseph King, Advances in Morphogenesis - Volume 8, page 177:

Thus when the second master unit begins to misreplicate, then in cells that still possess both units, the rate of misreplication becomes the same for both master units, even though they were initially lost at different rates.

1973, Alfred Marlyn Elliott, Biology of Tetrahymena, page 354:

Transcription errors cause a tector to misreplicate into a form symbiotic with living cells.

It is important to realize that errors in protein synthesis may also result in altered DNA polymerase, which would misreplicate DNA, thereby injecting errors into the genome that would lead to clones of abnormal cells (Orgel, 1973).

2013, Edward Schneider, The Genetics of Aging, page 18:

(ambitransitive, biochemistry, of DNA) To make an error during replication.


hemipneustic

From ἡμι- (hēmi-, “half”) and πνευστικός (pneustikós).

1977 O.W. Richards & R.G. Davies Imms' general textbook of entomology pub. Methuen
Hemipneustic Respiratory Systems... are prevalent among insect larvae and are derived from the holopneustic type through one or more pairs of spiracles becoming non-functional.

(entomology) in tracheal systems, having at least one functional pair of spiracles fewer than than the ten open pairs in holopneustic tracheal systems; hemipneustic systems occur for example, in the larvae of some Lepidoptera.


peripneustic

From περι- (peri-, “peri”) and πνευστικός (pneustikós).

1977 O.W. Richards & R.G. Davies Imms' general textbook of entomology pub. Methuen
Peripneustic... spiracles in a row along each side of the body. In typical examples the prothoracic and abdominal spiracles are open, that of the metathorax being closed. This condition is found in the terrestrial larvae of the orders Neuroptera, Mecoptera, Lepidoptera, of many Hymenoptera Symphyta, and of many Coleoptera...

(entomology) Of one of the categories of hemipneustic tracheal systems, in which the spiracles are in incomplete rows along each side of the body, as in the holopneustic arrangement, but with slightly fewer pairs of spiracles.


brunnescent

en-adj

brunnescent (comparative more brunnescent, superlative most brunnescent)

more brunnescent (comparative)
most brunnescent (superlative)


thigmo-

From Ancient Greek θῐ́γμᾰ (thĭ́gmă) + -o-, from the root of θῐγγᾰ́νω (thĭngắnō, “to touch”).

thigmo- + tropism (“movement, turning”) → thigmotropism (“movement of a plant because of touching”)

(biology, botany) related to touching, usually a plant.


Bigfootologist

A Peace River Valley Bigfootologist has come up with a suggestion as to the whereabouts of Polk County’s mysterious ape-man or Florida Swampman after it eludes hunters and searchers just like it did earlier this month in the Green Swamp. […] The Bigfootologists said undoubtedly the mysterious ape-man-like creature hid in the huge underground “faults” or cavities or spaces beneath the ground.

1977 October 24, Ralph Sumner, “Peace Valley Views: Valley Gets First Arrivals For Winter”, in The Tampa Tribune, 83rd year, number 253, Tampa, Fla., page 2, columns 1–2:

When Wylie sticks to describing these people and their habitats, he can be quite effective. But when he strikes out and tries to explain their motivations, he often gets into the same murky pseudo-scientific areas as the more fervent Bigfootologists.

1981 March 8, Jim Marrs, “It seems that we’ve all been myth-taken”, in Fort Worth Star-Telegram, page 7D:

She was also the one who pointed out that when she had been unable to positively identify a hair sample, the Bigfootologist would twist this to imply that it was from an unidentified animal. This was such a frequent and irritating corruption of her opinion that she stopped trying to help Bigfootologists many years ago.

2016, Bryan Sykes, “The Government Laboratory”, in Bigfoot, Yeti, and the Last Neanderthal: A Geneticist’s Search for Modern Apemen, Disinformation Books, →ISBN, part II, pages 230–231:

(uncommon, cryptozoology) A person who looks for evidence of the existence of Bigfoot.


Bigfootology

Morgan is indeed soaring. Not only does he have generous financial backing (a far cry from his previous outings which were financed by hard work and perspiration), but he has, too, the expertise of some of the nation’s most prestigious scientists. His scientific advisory board reads like the “Who’s Who?” But this is a new dimension of Bigfootology. When Morgan applied to the National Science Foundation for a grant only five years ago, his application was rejected. No reputable scientist would even talk to him about a man-like ape (or ape-like man) roaming the American wilderness.

1974 September 8, Penelope McPhee, “man against myth: the search for Bigfoot”, in The Spokesman-Review Sunday Magazine, page 14, column 4:

“What is it with you and garlic?” Riley asked in the dark. “That’s exclusively for vampires.” / “Well, what do you use for Bigfeet?” I asked. / Riley shrugged. “You’ve got me,” he said. “The field of Bigfootology is still in its infancy. But I’m pretty sure garlic would just tick him off.”

1999, Paul Buchanan, Wild Ride on Bigfoot Mountain (Heebie Jeebies; 6), Nashville, Tenn.: Broadman & Holman Publishers, →ISBN, page 68:

Anyone who turns up with indisputable proof of Bigfoot’s existence stands to make a lot of money; in such a commercial atmosphere it is perhaps not surprising that the world of ‘Bigfootology’ is rife with accusations of fraud and fabrication – not to mention legal disputes.

2011, Jack Wolfsblume, “Mysterious Sightings”, in Paranormal, Waverley Books, →ISBN, page 30:

(uncommon, cryptozoology) The study of Bigfoot.


pharyngeal arch

en-noun

pharyngeal arch (plural pharyngeal arches)

(zoology, anatomy, embryology) Any of a series of structures seen in the embryo of vertebrates that are precursors for many structures, notably the jaws and (in fish) the branchial arches.

arc pharyngé

embryonic precursor to any of several structures


bacteriochlorophyllic

en-adj

bacteriochlorophyllic (comparative more bacteriochlorophyllic, superlative most bacteriochlorophyllic)

more bacteriochlorophyllic (comparative)
most bacteriochlorophyllic (superlative)

(biology) Of, pertaining to, resembling or derived from bacteriochlorophyll


symphylid

[…] differences in the number of symphylids in the surface layers of soil […]

2012, M. Gratwick, Crop Pests in the UK: Collected edition of MAFF leaflets, page 382:

The symphylids are related to the millepedes ^([sic]) and centipedes and the only pest of any importance is the glasshouse symphylid, white insect or glasshouse centipede (Scutigerella immaculata).

2015, Roland Fox, The Gardener's Book of Pests and Diseases:

(zoology) A group of arthropods with 12 pairs of legs that live in the deeper soil layers and feed primarily on dead plant matter, although some species also eat young roots and the root hairs of living plants.


grand period of growth

en-noun

grand period of growth (plural grand periods of growth)

(biology) The total time taken for the growth of an organism.


type genus

(taxonomy) A genus that has been designated as typical of a family, and after which the family is named.


type series

(taxonomy) All those specimens included by the author in a taxon's formal description, unless the author explicitly or implicitly excludes them as part of the series.


summit disease

summit disease (countable and uncountable, plural summit diseases)

From summit + disease, from the tendency of infected insects to climb to the upper parts of plants before dying.

Some fungus mediated behavioral changes have been recorded, such as "summit disease" where infected grasshoppers climb to the top of plants to die[…]. This may aid spore dispersal, but it has also been suggested that it is a mechanism by which the host reduces infection through increased exposure to UV.

2010, M[ark] S[tanislaw] Goettel, J[ørgen] Eilenberg, T[ravis] Glare, “Entomopathogenic Fungi and Their Role in Regulation of Insect Populations”, in Lawrence I[rwin] Gilbert, Sarjeet S[ingh] Gill, editors, Insect Control: Biological and Synthetic Agents, London; Burlington, Mass.: Academic Press, →ISBN, page 405:

Soybean looper, Thysanoplusia orichalcea, infected with Thysanoplusia orichalcea nucleopolyhedrovirus. The image illustrates what is known as treetop disease or summit disease, whereby the host climbs to an exposed position (e.g., on vegetation) before death to facilitate dispersal of the pathogen.

2012, David I[an] Shapiro-Ilan, Denny J[oseph] Bruck, Lawrence A[nthony] Lacey, “Principles of Epizootiology and Microbial Control”, in Fernando E. Vega, Harry K[azuyoshi] Kaya, editors, Insect Pathology, 2nd edition, London; Waltham, Mass.: Academic Press, →ISBN, figure 3.2 caption, page 38, column 2:

Many foliar-feeding hosts infected with bacterial and viral pathogens display classic "summit" diseases, in which the infected insects move up the foliage immediately before they die. This behavioral host response to infection results in increased transmission to uninfected hosts, as the pathogen propagules from the cadaver shower down on the foliage below, resulting in increased transmission to the rest of the population.

2014, D[enny] J[oseph] Bruck, “Entomopathogens as Insect Biocontrol Agents”, in Robert G[rant] Linderman, D[avid] Michael Benson, editors, Compendium of Rhododendron and Azalea Diseases and Pests, 2nd edition, St. Paul, Minn.: APS Press, →ISBN, page 84, column 2:

A particularly striking example of host manipulation called ‘summit disease’ occurs across a wide range of insect groups including aphids, grasshoppers, butterflies and moths, beetles and ants. The fungus grows within the host’s body, infecting various organs, but before it reaches a point when the animal can no longer move, somehow the fungus causes the host to climb to a higher point like the top of a grass stem or tree and wait there to die. This can be beneficial to the fungus as from this elevated position they can spread their spores far and wide on the breeze.

2017, Jack Ashby, “Caterpillar with Parasitoid Fungus: Dried Specimen”, in Animal Kingdom: A Natural History in 100 Objects, Stroud, Gloucestershire: The History Press, →ISBN:

In the case of Ophiocordyceps, an infected ant's behaviour can be thought of as fungal behaviour. The death grip, summit disease, these are extended characteristics of the fungus, part of its extended phenotype.

2020, Merlin Sheldrake, “Mycelial Minds”, in Entangled Life: How Fungi Make Our Worlds, Change Our Minds, and Shape Our Futures, London: The Bodley Head, →ISBN, page 124:

(phytopathology) A disease (usually fungal, caused by the species complex Entomophaga grylli) that affects various species of insect, especially grasshoppers, whereby the infected individual typically climbs to the upper parts of a plant, attaches itself there and dies, at which point the infecting agent disperses itself, usually in the form of spores.

Gipfelkrankheit

disease that affects various species of insect


wood wide web

wood wide webs (plural)
wood-wide web (alternative)

Precisely what is passing between plants through fungal networks is a thorny question for all researches investigating wood wide webs.

2020, Merlin Sheldrake, Entangled Life, page 184:

In the forest, there is a “wood wide web” of mycorrhizal fungi that run underground, connecting the trees in a forest, helping them grow and communicate.

The portrayal of fungi-forest symbioses as a 'wood wide web' is in itself a technological image which, as Woods analyses in his contribution to this volume, often hides the mycelium behind the tree: he agrees in this with Jedediah Purdy, who has satirized the inevitability with which, 'after centuries of viewing forests as kingdoms, then as factories (and, along the way, as cathedrals for Romantic sentiment), the 21st century would discover a networked information system under the leaves and humus'.

2022, Liliane Campos, Pierre-Louis Patoine, Life, Re-Scaled:

(ecology) A mycorrhizal network; a network of fungal hyphae that connect the plants in a region.


subshining

Scutellum subshining, naked except the four marginal bristles.

1896, Proceedings of the United States National Museum, page 431:

(biology) Almost or imperfectly shining.


nierembergia

(botany) Any plant of the genus Nierembergia.


minimum inhibitory concentration

minimum inhibitory concentration (plural minimum inhibitory concentrations)

minimum inhibitory concentrations (plural)
minimal inhibitory concentration (alternative)

(microbiology, pharmacology) The lowest concentration of a chemical (usually a drug) which prevents visible in vitro growth of bacteria or fungi.


nanoengager

Moreover, the nanoengagers can deliver cytotoxic chemotherapeutics to further improve their therapeutic efficacy. We have demonstrated that effective NK cell activation can be achieved by the spatiotemporal coactivation of CD16 and 4-1BB stimulatory molecules on NK cells with nanoengagers, and the nanoengagers are more effective than free antibodies.

2020 July 3, Kin Man Au, Steven I. Park, Andrew Z. Wang, “Trispecific natural killer cell nanoengagers for targeted chemoimmunotherapy”, in Science Advances, volume 6, number 27, →DOI, page 1:

(biochemistry) A nanoparticle which engages certain cells in a process; a nanoscale engager.


SNV

(biochemistry) Initialism of single-nucleotide variant.


JAK

(biochemistry) Initialism of Janus kinase.


LDSC

w:linkage disequilibrium score regression

(genetics) Initialism of linkage disequilibrium score regression.


eQTL

expression quantitative trait locus
w:expression quantitative trait locus

(genetics) Initialism of expression quantitative trait locus.


cell-free

a cell-free system

(biology) Lacking cells; not involving cells.


SLRSV

SLRSV, being mostly latent in strawberries and other fruit crops, is of very minor importance. It can cause some mottle and decline in certain strawberry cultivars.

1992, Quarantine Pests for Europe, Wallingford, Oxfordshire: CAB International, →ISBN, page 972:

strawberry latent ringspot virus#English

(virology) Initialism of strawberry latent ringspot virus.


basitibial

basitibial plate

Furthermore Patellapis (s. str.) is characterised by the broad, well defined and usually apically rounded basitibial plate of females, the weakly serrated to pectinated inner hind tibial spur of females, the fourth sternum of male[s] with a transverse apical row of coarse bristles, and the helmet-like crest of penis valves.

2008 October 1, Kim Timmermann, Michael Kuhlmann, “Redefinition of the Southern African Bee Subgenera Patellapis (s. str.), P. (Chaetalictus) and P. (Lomatalictus) (hymenoptera: Halictidae, Genus Patellapis Friese, 1909)”, in Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, volume 81, number 4, →DOI, page 356:


distitibia

Leg I: Tibia with 23 articles and tarsus (basitarsus+distitarsus) with 41 articles. Leg IV (Fig. 13): Basitibia with 4 pseudoarticles and 1 medial trichobothrium on the last article. Distitibia with 3 basal and 15 distal trichobothria; frontal and caudal series with 6 trichobothria each.

2014 August 1, Ana Caroline O. Vasconcelos, Alessandro P. L. Giupponi, Rodrigo L. Ferreira, “A new species of Charinus from Minas Gerais State, Brazil, with comments on its sexual dimorphism (Arachnida: Amblypygi: Charinidae)”, in The Journal of Arachnology, volume 42, number 2, →DOI, page 159:

Well-developed median and lateral eyes; small and rounded meta[-] and mesosternum; large basal spine pedipalp distitarsus (2/3 the distal length); basitibia of leg IV divided in two pseudo articles; trichobothria of basitibia IV (bt) on the proximal third of the article; distitibia IV with 16 trichobothriae, equidistant basal trichobothria (bf, bc and sbf); […]

2016 February 17, Alessandro Ponce de Leão Giupponi, Gustavo Silva de Miranda, “Eight New Species of Charinus Simon, 1892 (Arachnida: Amblypygi: Charinidae) Endemic for the Brazilian Amazon, with Notes on Their Conservational Status”, in PLOS One, volume 11, number 2, →DOI, page 1:

(zoology) The portion of the tibia of an arachnid that is furthest from the body.


distiflagellum

Antennae of first instar larvae comprised a smooth four-segmented basiflagellum and a seven-segmented, sensilla-rich distiflagellum. […] Annulus number and the unique annulation pattern of the distiflagellum remained constant until adulthood.

2009 March, Dorit Hockman, Mike D. Picker, Klaus-Dieter Klass, Leonie Pretorius, “Postembryonic development of the unique antenna of Mantophasmatodea (Insecta)”, in Arthropod Structure & Development, volume 38, number 2, →DOI, page 125:

Morphologically, the antennae (Figs. 2, 3) (the average length, n = 4 for both species) in L. occidentalis are shorter (12.22 mm) in comparison to L. zonatus (15.67 mm). In L. occidentalis (Fig. 3a,c,e,g), the length of the particular segments is approximately: scape (2.61 mm), pedicel (3.86 mm), basiflagellum (2.60 mm), distiflagellum (3.14 mm).

2023 January 12, Artur Taszakowski, Adrian Masłowski, Kent M. Daane, Jolanta Brożek, “Closer view of antennal sensory organs of two Leptoglossus species (Insecta, Hemiptera, Coreidae)”, in Scientific Reports, volume 13, →DOI, article 617, page 4:

(zoology) The portion of an insect's antenna that is farthest from the body; the outermost segment of the flagellum.


pseudoarticle

pseudoarticles (plural)
pseudo-article (alternative)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-pseudoarticle.wav

Leg I: Tibia with 23 articles and tarsus (basitarsus+distitarsus) with 41 articles. Leg IV (Fig. 13): Basitibia with 4 pseudo[-]articles and 1 medial trichobothrium on the last article. Distitibia with 3 basal and 15 distal trichobothria; frontal and caudal series with 6 trichobothria each.

All new species can be differentiated from the other species of the genus by the number of pseudo-articles in basitibia IV, the presence/absence of median eyes, and the shape of the female gonopod.

2016 February 18, Alessandro Ponce de Leão Giupponi, Gustavo Silva de Miranda, “Eight New Species of Charinus Simon, 1892 (Arachnida: Amblypygi: Charinidae) Endemic for the Brazilian Amazon, with Notes on Their Conservational Status”, in PLOS One, volume 11, number 2, →DOI, page 1:

(zoology) A joint-like constriction that does not articulate.


thermohygroreceptor

thermohygroreceptors (plural)
thermo-hygroreceptor (alternative)

In the present study, the aporous sensillum (A5) embedded in a cavity is functionally classified as thermo-hygroreceptor. Morphologically it belongs to coeloconic, aporous sensillum without a flexible socket, it is located in a chamber open to the environment according to the characteristics distinguished by Altner⁶³ for this type of sensillum.

2023 January 12, Artur Taszakowski, Adrian Masłowski, Kent M. Daane, Jolanta Brożek, “Closer view of antennal sensory organs of two Leptoglossus species (Insecta, Hemiptera, Coreidae)”, in Scientific Reports, volume 13, →DOI, article 617, page 9:

(zoology) A structure in certain insects which acts as both a thermoreceptor and a hygroreceptor.


hygrosensitive

en-adj

hygrosensitive (comparative more hygrosensitive, superlative most hygrosensitive)

more hygrosensitive (comparative)
most hygrosensitive (superlative)

(chiefly zoology) Detecting changes in the moisture content of the environment.


thermohygrosensitive

thermohygrosensitive (comparative more thermohygrosensitive, superlative most thermohygrosensitive)

more thermohygrosensitive (comparative)
most thermohygrosensitive (superlative)
thermo-hygrosensitive (alternative)

In some taxa of Heteroptera, P. nigricornis (Pyrrochoridae), Cyclopelta siccifolia (Westwood, 1837) (Dinidoridae), Chrysocoris purpureus (Westwood, 1781) (Scutelleridae), N. viridula, P. guildinii, Perillus bioculatus, E. furcellata and H. halys (Pentatomidae), thermo-hygrosensitive coeloconic sensilla were present on the flagellum^(29,36,37,39,41,43).

2023 January 12, Artur Taszakowski, Adrian Masłowski, Kent M. Daane, Jolanta Brożek, “Closer view of antennal sensory organs of two Leptoglossus species (Insecta, Hemiptera, Coreidae)”, in Scientific Reports, volume 13, →DOI, article 617, page 11:

(zoology) Both thermosensitive and hygrosensitive.


chaetic

From Ancient Greek χαίτη (khaítē, “mane; loose, flowing hair”) + -ic.

af

Aporous sensilla with flexible sockets, presenting various lengths and shapes (bristle, trichoid, styloconic, chaetic or basiconic) consist mainly of exocuticular material and show no substructures in thin sections and cross-fractures⁷⁰.

2023 January 12, Artur Taszakowski, Adrian Masłowski, Kent M. Daane, Jolanta Brożek, “Closer view of antennal sensory organs of two Leptoglossus species (Insecta, Hemiptera, Coreidae)”, in Scientific Reports, volume 13, →DOI, article 617, page 10:

(zoology) Having long thick hairs or bristles.


tritosternum

Sternum (Fig. 3): Tri-segmented with all segments sclerotized and convex. Tritosternum projected anteriorly, elongated and cone-shaped, with a large variation in the pattern of strong setae: 1 apical (1 pair is usually found), 2 median (1 pair can be found or be absent), 3 basal (1 or 2 can be found), and several small setae along the segment.

2014 August 1, Ana Caroline O. Vasconcelos, Alessandro P. L. Giupponi, Rodrigo L. Ferreira, “A new species of Charinus from Minas Gerais State, Brazil, with comments on its sexual dimorphism (Arachnida: Amblypygi: Charinidae)”, in The Journal of Arachnology, volume 42, number 2, →DOI, page 156:

(arachnology) The sternite of the segment bearing the first pair of walking legs.


tetrasternum

Sternum (Fig. 3): Tri-segmented with all segments sclerotized and convex. […] Second segment (tetrasternum) rounded, with 1 upper pair of strong setae and several setulae encircling the base (in some specimens the upper pair of setae do not differs in size from the basal setae).

(arachnology) The second sclerite of a segmented sternal complex.


pentasternum

Sternum (Fig. 3): Tri-segmented with all segments sclerotized and convex. […] Third segment (pentasternum) rounded, with 1 upper pair of strong setae and several setulae encircling the base (in some specimens the upper pair of setae is similar in size to the basal setae

(arachnology) The third sclerite of a segmented sternal complex.


biotremology

More precisely biotremology studies the communication by surface-borne vibrations, detected by specialized perception organs (e.g. slit-sense organs in spiders, subgenual organs in insects, hair receptors, Pacinian and Herbst corpuscles in vertebrates) measuring the oscillations at a boundary between media.

2016 March 7, Peggy S.M. Hill, Andreas Wessel, “Primer: Biotremology”, in Current Biology, volume 26, number 5, →DOI, page R189:

These exceptional features are further demonstrated through a second discrimination analysis of Varroa gait and that of two other invertebrate species (woodlouse and carabid beetle). […] This research provides a significant step forward in Varroa biotremology as well as remote mite detection in colonies.

2023 June 23, Harriet Hall, Martin Bencsik, Michael Newton, “Automated, non-invasive Varroa mite detection by vibrational measurements of gait combined with machine learning”, in Scientific Reports, volume 13, →DOI, article 10202, page 3:

(biology) The study of production, dispersion, and reception of vibrations by organisms, and their effect on behavior.


tremology

From tremo(r) + -logy. Coined by Canadian biologist John Endler in Studying Vibrational Communication (2014).

coinage

In spite of vibrational communication being so widespread (more than 230,000 arthropods species and many vertebrates too), it is probably the least commonly known and least well known of all the sensory modes. […] Perhaps one reason is that there is not a word describing what we do; I suggest the term “tremology” (the study of tremors, vibrations, etc.).

[2014, John A. Endler, “Foreword: The Emerging Field of Tremology”, in Reginald B. Cocroft, Matija Gogala, Peggy S. M. Hill, Andreas Wessel, editors, Studying Vibrational Communication (Animal Signals and Communication; 3), Heidelberg: Springer, →DOI, →ISBN, page vii:


ami-momi

To ensure that lesions occurred on a variety of body surfaces and to cause enough internal stress, the procedure was as follows. The fish were not fed for a few days, after which time they were divided into two groups of 10 fish each and shaken in the air in a fan-shaped scoop net […] for 2 min. This shaking process is the “ami-momi” treatment.

1993, Kishio Hatai, Gen-Ichi Hoshiai, “Characteristics of Two Saprolegnia Species Isolated from Coho Salmon with Saprolegniosis”, in Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, volume 5, number 2, →DOI, page 115:

Fish in both challenged groups were subjected to ami-momi treatment²⁷, through shaking in a net for 1.5 min, and then placed back into the tanks. The challenged groups were exposed to 60 mL of S. parasitica zoospore suspension per group (one plastic bag/ aquarium containing 20 mL of zoospores suspension).

2023 June 19, Samar A. El Gamal, Rawia Saad Adawy, Viola Hassan Zaki, Eman Zahran, “Host–pathogen interaction unveiled by immune, oxidative stress, and cytokine expression analysis to experimental Saprolegnia parasitica infection in Nile tilapia”, in Scientific Reports, volume 13, →DOI, article 9888, page 2:

(zoology, often attributively) A procedure consisting of shaking fish in the air using a fan-shaped scoop net, used to prepare the fish for exposure to an external water mold infection by removing the surface mucus layer of the skin.


floral larceny

(biology) Any natural nectar-foraging behavior that potentially disrupts pollination, such as removing nectar from the floral opening or from between the petals.


Hp

(biochemistry) Abbreviation of haptoglobin.


climatic pessimum

en-noun

climatic pessimum (plural climatic pessima or climatic pessimums)

climatic pessima (plural)
climatic pessimums (plural)

(geology, paleontology, climatology) Any time period, ranging from a few centuries to millions of years, marked by persistently cold temperatures, but not always glaciation.


stenobiontic

(ecology) Able to tolerate only a limited range of environments.


eurybiont

(ecology) An organism that is able to tolerate a wide range of environments.


stenobiont

(ecology) An organism that is able to tolerate only a limited range of environments.


semiviral

Nonviral vectors are perceived as having a better safety profile than their viral counterparts, with an ability to transfer very large fragments of genetic material. Vectors include cationic liposomes, cationic polymers, yeast artificial chromosomes, Epstein–Barr virus plasmids and semiviral systems, as in the case of the ‘Sleeping Beauty’ transposon [30,31].

2009, Khalil N Abi-Nader, Charles H Rodeck, Anna L David, “Prenatal gene therapy for the early treatment of genetic disorders”, in Expert Review of Obstetrics & Gynecology, volume 4, number 1, →DOI, pages 27–28:

(virology) Partially viral (of or relating to a biological virus).


hamelia

(botany) Any plant of the genus Hamelia.


sneaky fucker strategy

The term was coined by John Maynard Smith.


stillingia

(botany) Any plant of the genus Stillingia.


morpholomics

(cytology) The study of the morphology of differentiated cell types.


amphimict

(botany, zoology) Any amphimictic plant or organism.


immunoelectroosmophoresis

immunoelectroosmophoresis (countable and uncountable, plural immunoelectroosmophoreses)

From immuno- + electro- + osmo- + -phoresis.

HBs Ag was determined by immunodiffusion and immunoelectroosmophoresis (IEOP) in parallel, as described.⁷ HBs Ag was subtyped as described elsewhere.⁸

1976 March 27, Gunnar Norkrans, Lars Magnius, Sten Iwarson, “e Antigen in acute hepatitis B”, in British Medical Journal, volume 1, number 6012, →JSTOR, page 740:


leadzyme

Blend of lead + ribozyme, as originally discovered in a study relating to the presence of lead; but it has since been found in other environments.

(biochemistry) A small ribozyme that catalyzes the cleavage of a specific phosphodiester bond.


metalloribozyme

(biochemistry) Any ribozyme that requires the presence of metal in order to perform its function.


butyrinase

(biochemistry) The enzyme triacylglycerol lipase, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of ester linkages of triglycerides.


zeiform

(zoology) Of or relating to the taxonomic order Zeiformes of marine ray-finned fishes including the dories.


autocarpy

(botany) The property of being autocarpous.


autocopulation

In some instances snails kept in solitary culture were observed attempting what appeared to be autocopulation, […]

1946, The American Midland Naturalist, volume 36, page 480:

(zoology) Sexual intercourse with oneself.


sequential reaction

(biochemistry) a chemical reaction in which the product of each stage becomes the substrate of the next


teliferous

From Latin tēlum (“dart, spear, missile, offensive weapon, javelin”) + -ferous (“producing, containing”).

der

The occurring British forms, though varying much in proportion and contour, fall naturally into four groups, marked by the respective characteristics of (1) One simple sac; (2) A single bi-lobed sac; (3) Two simple teliferous sacs; (4) Two sacs, each bi-lobed (fig. 3).

1883 July, Charles Ashford, “The Darts of British Helicidæ: Part I., Introductory”, in Journal of Conchology, volume IV, number 3, Leeds, West Yorkshire: Taylor Bros, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 70:

The introduction, a minute description of the organization of the sea-anemones, and in particular of their unique and extraordinary "teliferous" system, has been regarded as the most sustained piece of original writing of a technically scientific character which Philip Gosse has left behind him.

1890, Edmund Gosse, The Life of Philip Henry Gosse F.R.S., London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co., Ltd., page 290:

Internally, it stands absolutely alone amongst our teliferous British species in possessing paired darts or gypsobela within what is now a practically simple though distally bifid stylophore or dart-sac.

1921 December 8, John W. Taylor, “Part 24”, in Monograph of the Land & Freshwater Mollusca of the British Isles, Leeds, West Yorkshire: Taylor Bros., Publishers, page 115:

(zoology, obsolete) Having nematocysts or stinging cells.


bouvardia

(botany) Any plant of the genus Bouvardia.


tagmatism

(biology) The process of forming into tagmata, e.g. during the metamorphosis of an insect


SASP

en-noun

SASP (countable and uncountable, plural SASPs)

(biology) Acronym of senescence-associated secretory phenotype.


atragene

(botany) Any plant of the genus Atragene.


leafit

The leafits are four or five pairs, with a trifid terminal leafit.

1850, George Luxford, Edward Newman, The Phytologist: A Popular Botanical Miscellany, page 1058:


Hereford disease

(veterinary medicine) Synonym of grass tetany.


grass tetany

(veterinary medicine) A metabolic disease of ruminants, involving magnesium deficiency, and usually occurring after grazing on pastures of rapidly growing grass.


clitoria

(botany) Any plant of the genus Clitoria.


misstage

en-verb

misstage (third-person singular simple present misstages, present participle misstaging, simple past and past participle misstaged)

misstages (present singular third-person)
misstaging (participle present)
misstaged (participle past)
misstaged (past)

In the tumors that were misstaged, most errors occurred between stages T2 (overstaging) and T3 (understaging); in terms of therapeutic considerations, this distinction is more critical than that between stages T1 and T2.

1998, Morton A. Meyers, Neoplasms of the Digestive Tract, page 407:

To do the work chapter, reproducible staging of chick embryos is required. When misstaging it will be impossible to repeat a given experiment.

2008, Rocky S. Tuan, Cecilia W. Lo, Developmental Biology Protocols: Volume III, page 244:

Despite this, CT urogram has been shown to misstage nearly 40% of patients.

2014, Philip M Hanno, Thomas J. Guzzo, S. Bruce Malkowicz, Penn Clinical Manual of Urology, page 563:

When Imazu et al. compared conventional EUS and contrast-enhanced harmonic EUS in terms of preoperative T-staging of pancreatobiliary tumors, they found that contrast-enhanced harmonic EUS correctly T-staged 24 of 26 pancreatobiliary tumors, six of which were misstaged by conventional EUS.

2015, Mihir S. Wagh, Peter V. Draganov, Pancreatic Masses: Advances in Diagnosis and Therapy, page 134:

(medicine, biology) To assess incorrectly as belonging to a different stage than is actually the case


OTU

The nomenclatural harvester shown here “plucks” unnamed OTUs off a phylogenetic tree in order to claim easy fame by naming them without scientific rationale or ethical concerns.

2023, Wolfgang Denzer, Hinrich Kaiser, “Naming And Gaming: The Illicit Taxonomic Practice Of 'Nomenclatural Harvesting' And How To Avoid It”, in Journal of Zoology, volume 320, number 3, page 163:

operational taxonomic unit
w:operational taxonomic unit

(biology) Initialism of operational taxonomic unit.


martynia

(botany) Any plant of the genus Martynia.


tiger stripes

At the time of ripening, leaves of Esca-affected vines show an interveinal necrosis, known as “tiger stripes”, also called Grapevine Leaf Stripe Disease (GLSD), causing the drying of grape clusters, and, thus, affecting grape quality and composition.

2022, Laura Martín, Blanca García-García, María del Mar Alguacil, “Interaction of the fungal community in the complex patho-system of Esca, a grapevine trunk disease”, in International Journal of Molecular Sciences, volume 23:

The typical foliar symptoms of the disease may appear on the foliage as tiger stripes, while the berries can show purple spots, cracks and drying up.

2023, Franceso Calzarano, Carmine Amalfitano, Leonardo Seghetti, Stefano Di Marco, “Effect of Different Foliar Fertilizer Applications on Esca Disease of Grapevine”, in Agronomy, volume 13, number 5:

(biology, agriculture) A pattern of brown stripes on leaves caused by fungal or other microbial infection.


pycnoxylic

The significance of pycnoxylic versus manoxylic organisation of wood is still not well understood. Pycnoxylic wood is a primitive feature of progymnosperms with regard to manoxylic wood with wide and high rays.

1991, Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth sciences, page 122:

(botany, of wood) Compact, dense with small rays of xylem, and not having much pith or cortex.


carder bee

en-noun

carder bee (countable and uncountable, plural carder bees)

(entomology) Common name for any species of bee in the genus Bombus or in the family Wikipedia:Megachilidae, that collects plant fibre and processes it for nesting material, by activities resembling the carding of fibre.

1923 A.D.IMMS A GENERAL TEXTBOOK OF ENTOMOLOGY
Other Bombi, known as carder bees, form surface nests hidden away among grass, ivy or other herbage. They derive their name from their habit of collecting moss and other material used in nest formation and plaiting it with the aid of their legs and mandibles. Having formed the nest the next act of the queen is to collect a mass of pollen which is formed into a paste. Upon the top of this substance she constructs a circular wall of wax and, in the cell thus formed, she lays her first batch of eggs, capping the latter over with a covering of wax.

(entomology) Common name mainly applied to some Bombus species in the northern hemisphere, where they occur widely and are the most familiar species of bees that exhibit carding activity in their nest building, rather than genera such as Anthidium in the Megachilidae, some of which occur in the Northern hemisphere as well and similarly exhibit carding activity .

1979 S.H Skaife. Revised by John Ledger: African Insect Life. →ISBN
The little carder bees of the genus Immanthidium also belong to the Megachilidae. They are mostly black with white markings on the abdomen, and with a white pollen brush on the underside of the abdomen. In some species the males are bigger than the females, an unusual feature among insects. Most of them make their nests in tubular openings, in sites similar to those chosen by the leafcutters, but their cells are lined with cottony fibres which they strip with their mandibles from various hairy plants. As an example of the group we can consider the widespread species, Immanthidium junodi.
The female carder bee arrives at her home carrying a little bundle of white fluff between her front legs. She takes this into her nest and cards the fibrous material by pressing it with her head and working it with her jaws until it forms a thin, uniform, thimble-shaped lining to the bottom of the tube. It takes several journeys before her beautiful white thimble is complete, ready to receive its store of food. She carries the pollen back to the nest on the underside of her abdomen and the nectar in her crop and stocks the cell with the mixture. It takes her about two days to construct and stock a cell; she then lays an egg on top of the food and closes the cell with a pad of fluff, well carded and felted. She fills the tube with cells within 10 mm from the entrance and then seals it off with a thick pad of fibres, pressed down firmly by her head and jaws to form a protective barrier to keep out enemies.

(entomology) In the southern hemisphere, where Bombus species occur only exceptionally, the common name most familiarly applied to species of bees that exhibit carding activity in their nest building, and are members of genera in the Megachilidae, such as Anthidium, Immanthidium and Afranthidium


pauciennial

/(ˌ)pɔːsɪˈɛnɪəl/

From New Latin pauciennis + English -ial, after -ennial.

Experimental and Cytological Studies on Plant Species
II. Trifolium arvense and some other Pauciennial Herbs

1955, Tyge W. Böcher, Kai Larsen, Knud Rahn, Experimental and Cytological Studies on Plant Species: II. Trifolium arvense and some other Pauciennial Herbs (Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab Biologiske Skrifter; 8, № 3), Copenhagen: Ejnar Munksgaard, main title:

The Tortula-Crossidium micro-zone (Figures 5.5) is dominated by acrocarpous mosses with a colonist strategy. Characteristic taxa, mainly of the pottioid genera, have a moderately short life-span (pauciennial, i.e. 1–3 years with a resting stage as spores, to pluriennial, i.e. several years, with seasonality of the gametophyte less distinct) and build predominantly short-turfs or bulbiformous solitary plants on the clayey-sandy crusts.

1998, Harald Kürschner, Shahina A. Ghazanfar, “Bryophytes and Lichens”, in Shahina A. Ghazanfar, Martin Fisher, editors, Vegetation of the Arabian Peninsula (Geobotany; 25), Springer-Science+Business Media, B.V., →DOI, →ISBN, § 5.1.4.1, pages 110–111:

(chiefly botany) Recurring once every few years.


pleophagous

en-adj

pleophagous (comparative more pleophagous, superlative most pleophagous)

more pleophagous (comparative)
most pleophagous (superlative)

(zoology) Eating various different foods.


hibernating gland

en-noun

hibernating gland (plural hibernating glands)

Alluding to its use for food storage in hibernation. It is not, however, a true gland.

brown adipose tissue
brown adipose tissue

(biochemistry) The interscapular brown adipose tissue found in certain mammals.


SCANDAL

(biology, evolution, taxonomy, pathology) Acronym of speciated by cancer development animals.


SCANDAL

(biology, evolution, taxonomy, pathology) Ellipsis of SCANDAL taxon (“a species or taxon which speciated due to the SCANDAL process”).

SCANDAL taxon

(biology, evolution, taxonomy, pathology) Ellipsis of SCANDAL process (“the mechanism for speciation through cancer cells becoming independent of the originating creature, and living on”).


white ginger

(botany) Ginger rootstock which has been dried and scraped.


mail-cheeked

(zoology) Of fishes: having a plate of bone that runs across each cheek.


colony-stimulating factor

colony-stimulating factor (plural colony-stimulating factors)

(biochemistry) A secreted glycoprotein that binds to receptor proteins on the surfaces of committed progenitors in the bone marrow, thereby activating intracellular signaling pathways that can cause the cells to proliferate and differentiate into a specific kind of blood cell.


Krefft's glider

Krefft's glider (plural Krefft's gliders)

Named after German-Australian zoologist and paleontologist Gerard Krefft.

(zoology) Petaurus notatus, a species of arboreal nocturnal gliding possum, a type of small marsupial.


curvacin

(bacteriology) A bacteriocin peptide derived from Lactobacillus curvatus.


listeriocin

(bacteriology) A bacteriocin produced by Listeria innocua.


cladid

(zoology) Any member of the Cladida parvclass of crinoids.


caponioid

(zoology) Any member of the Caponioidea superfamily of spiders.


teuthoid

(zoology, obsolete) Any member of the Teuthoidea group of squids


iDNA

Such iDNAs are flanked by common 10–20 bases long → primer sequences (F [forward] and R [reverse] primers for amplification in a conventional → polymerase chain reaction) […]

2015, Günter Kahl, The Dictionary of Genomics, Transcriptomics and Proteomics, volume 1, John Wiley & Sons, →ISBN, page 1074:

(genetics) Initialism of information DNA.


pseudoparenchyma

pseudoparenchyma (countable and uncountable, plural pseudoparenchymas or pseudoparenchymata)

pseudoparenchymas (plural)
pseudoparenchymata (plural)

(mycology) A fungus tissue that resembles parenchyma found in plants, but is actually tangled hyphae.


wild ox

(zoology) Any of several mammals including the aurochs, kouprey, banteng, gaur or reem.


Southern resident orca

Southern resident orca (plural Southern resident orcas)

(zoology) The smallest of four communities of the exclusively fish-eating ecotype of orca in the northeast Pacific Ocean.


codlemone

(entomology, organic chemistry) A pheromone produced by female codling moths with IUPAC name (8E,10E)-dodeca-8,10-dien-1-ol.


nonclimax

(ecology) Not being, or not relating to, a climax community.


sex-influenced

Baldness in humans is a sex-influenced trait.

(biology) Of a trait or phenotype: affected by whether it appears in a male or a female body.


euconodont

(paleontology) Any member of the extinct Euconodonta group of conodonts.


trichonodelliform

(paleontology) Bilaterally symmetrical with lateral processes on each side of the cusps, and with a posterior process. Applied to conodont elements.


neoprioniodiform

(paleontology) Characterised by a main terminal cusp, an underside with deep grooves, a variable number of subsidiary cusps which may or may not be fused together. Applied to conodonts or shark teeth.


rastrate

(paleontology, zoology) rake-like or with parallel serrations.


direct repeat

(biology, genetics) A type of genetic sequence that consists of two or more repeats of a specific sequence.


postacrostichal

(entomology) positioned posterior to acrostichal. Used for Diptera.


polyembryonous

(zoology) Of or pertaining to polyembryony.


crisiid

(zoology) Any member of the Crisiidae family of bryozoans.


halacarid

(arachnology) Any member of the Halacaridae family of mites.


adfrontal

(entomology) One of a pair of narrow plates on the head of a caterpillar, forming an inverted V shape. They divide the head into two lateral and one central plates.


maternity test

(law, genetics) A test designed to determine the biological relationship between an alleged mother and a child.


placodontoid

(paleontology) Any member of the Placodontoidea superfamily of extinct reptiles.


phaeosome

(microbiology) A cyanobacterium symbiont in a dinoflagellate.


periodiole

(mycology) A spore package, that looks like an egg in a bird's nest fungus


cucullanid

(zoology) Any member of the Cucullanidae family of nematodes.


secondine

In the seed these membranes are called by various names, of which the most frequently used are spermoderm or testa for the primine; mesosperm, for the secondine; and endopleura for the other.

1835, John Lindley, A Key to Structural, Physiological, and Systematic Botany, Longman et al. (publishers), page 35:

(botany) Alternative form of secundine (“second coat of an ovule”).


self-anoint

en-verb

self-anoint (third-person singular simple present self-anoints, present participle self-anointing, simple past and past participle self-anointed)

self-anoints (present singular third-person)
self-anointing (participle present)
self-anointed (participle past)
self-anointed (past)

(zoology) Of an animal: to smear odoriferous secretions or substances over itself, for various purposes such as medication or camouflage.


platyctenid

(zoology) Any member of the Platyctenida order of comb jellies.


macrocilium

(zoology) A compound ciliary feeding organelle in ctenophores


peridermium

(mycology) A blister-shaped aecium found in some fungi.


conopodous

(microbiology) with conical pseudopods, applied to amoeba.


adenostyle

(botany) Any member of the Adenostyles genus of plants.

(zoology) A protrusion on tarsus IV in male arachnids


ozophore

(zoology) An elevated cone present on the prosoma of some harvestman


nymotype

(lepidopterology) The first described form of a species.


lonchiole

(zoology) A monaxon with one tine or distal ray, applied to sponges.


sarule

(zoology) A broom-shaped sceptrule, ending with a tuft of small bristles, applied to sponge spicules.


sceptrule

(zoology) A kind of microscopic sponge spicule consisting of a straight rod terminated in a bundle of spines or knobs.


trichimella

(zoology) An acorn-shaped free-swimming larva of sponges of the order Hexactinellida


mesoplastron

(zoology) either of a pair of transverse hexagonal bones in a turtle that lie between the hyoplastral and hypoplastral bones


procryptic

(zoology) Having colouring that offers protection by concealing against the background.


cloverleaf model

en-noun

cloverleaf model (plural cloverleaf models)

(genetics) A model that depicts the molecular structure of tRNA, showing how its chain consists of two "business ends" and three arms.


conorfamide

(biochemistry) Any of a certain family of venom peptides from cone snails.


colliculate

From colliculus + -ate (adjective-forming suffix).

af

(botany) Having a surface with small rounded bumps.


magnesiophile

(biology) An organism (plant or bacterium) that thrives in the presence of magnesium.


cobaltoprotein

(biochemistry) A metalloprotein that contains cobalt.


isopimarane

(biochemistry) A tricyclic diterpene with IUPAC name (2S,4aS,4bR,8aS,10aS)-2-ethyl-2,4b,8,8-tetramethyl-3,4,4a,5,6,7,8a,9,10,10a-decahydro-1H-phenanthrene.


obtuanhydride

(lichenolgy, biochemistry) A lichen-derived cyclic acid anhydride diterpene with IUPAC name (7aS,11aS)-2-hydroxy-8,8,11a-trimethyl-3-propan-2-yl-7a,9,10,11-tetrahydrobenzo[d][2]benzoxepine-5,7-dione


EHD

epizootic hemorrhagic disease
epizootic hemorrhagic disease#English

(veterinary medicine, agriculture) Initialism of epizootic hemorrhagic disease.


gonosaccus

(entomology) A section of membranous tissue on the hind body wall of the abdomen of an insect, normally sac-like but sometimes everted.


gonapsis

From gon- + Ancient Greek ἁψῑ́ς (hapsī́s, “arch”).

(entomology) A structure with an apex on the dorsal membrane on sternum IX.


basiolabial

(zoology, paleontology) Bottom facing the lips.


methylnorhomosekikaic acid

From methyl- + nor- + homo- + sekikaic acid.

(lichenology, organic chemistry) (normally 4'-O-methylnorhomosekikaic acid) A depside carboxylic acid with IUPAC name 3-((2,4-dihydroxy-6-propylbenzoyl)oxy)-2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-6-pentylbenzoic acid


polygyrous

(biology) Having many closely-spaced spirals


intramedian

(entomology, lacewings) Located between the anterior and posterior media longitudinal veins on the wing.


Turing pattern

Introduced by English mathematician Alan Turing in a 1952 paper titled The Chemical Basis of Morphogenesis.

(biology, mathematics) A pattern, found in nature, that arises naturally and autonomously from a homogeneous, uniform state, through instability.


pill beetle

(entomology) A holarctic species of beetle in the family Byrrhidae.


xeroplastic

Daubenmire (1947) supported this view indicating that xeroplastic features were induced by drought and so only occurred under dry conditions […]

1955, Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia, page 44:


palmification

(botany, historical) The fertilization of date palm trees by suspending male clusters from wild dates over the females.


citrullinome

In this study, the presence of citrullinated proteins and fragments thereof in the synovial fluid (SF) of patients with RA was investigated by Western blotting and mass spectrometry (MS). This approach yielded an inventory of citrullinated proteins (citrullinome) in the inflamed joints of patients with RA.

2013 January, Joyce J. B. C. van Beers, Carla M. Schwarte, Judith Stammen-Vogelzangs, Els Oosterink, Borut Božič, Ger J. M. Pruijn, “The Rheumatoid Arthritis Synovial Fluid Citrullinome Reveals Novel Citrullinated Epitopes in Apolipoprotein E, Myeloid Nuclear Differentiation Antigen, and β-actin”, in Arthritis & Rheumatism, volume 65, number 1, →DOI, page 70:

(biochemistry) The complete set of citrullinated proteins in a sample or location.


zoanthidean

We found solitary and clustered zoanthidean anemones, possibly the same we had been seeing in many variations.

1951, John Steinbeck, The Log from the Sea of Cortez:

(zoology) Of or relating to the zoanthids (taxonomic order Zoanthidea).


zoanthidean

Knobby zoanthidean Palythoa mammiilosa

2013, Gilbert L. Voss, Seashore Life of Florida and the Caribbean, page 46:

(zoology) A member of the zoanthids (taxonomic order Zoanthidea).


Gardos channel

First described in 1958 by György Gárdos in human erythrocytes.

(biochemistry) A voltage-independent potassium channel that is activated by intracellular calcium.


buguliform

[…] buguliform larva of certain ectoproct bryozoans […]

1974, Arthur Charles Giese, John S. Pearse, Reproduction of Marine Invertebrates, page 235:

(zoology) Resembling the bryozoa of the genus Bugula.


loric

Coined in 1985 by P. F. Little from the initials of "lambda-origin cosmid".

We describe the construction and use of a cosmid vector, loric, which is derived from the phage lambda origin of replication and appears to be more stable than ColE1-derived cosmids. Loric recombinants can be efficiently packaged in vivo to yield 100-300 micrograms of DNA per liter that is linear and has single-stranded cos ends.

1985 May, P F Little and S H Cross, “A cosmid vector that facilitates restriction enzyme mapping.”, in PNAS, volume 82, number 10, page 3159:

The cosmid vector loric ( 'lambda-origin cosmid' ) is designed to allow rapid mapping of restriction sites in cloned DNAs and thus to facilitate analyses of large regions of chromosomes.

1985, P. H. Pouwels, Cloning Vectors: A Laboratory Manual, page 6:

In order to improve the stability of the recombinant cosmid and increase DNA yield, the ColE replicon was replaced with the lambda phage replicon (Little and Cross, 1985) creating the loric (or 'lambda-origin cosmid') vector.

2005, Anatoly Ruvinsky, Jennifer A. Marshall Graves, Mammalian Genomics, page 69:

(genetics) A cosmid vector derived from the lambda phage replicon.


ornithogalum

(botany) Any plant of the genus Ornithogalum.


uvularia

(botany) Any plant of the genus Uvularia.


discodrilid

Discodrilids occupy rather a unique position in the annelid group.

1915, Journal of Morphology, volume 26, page 146:

(zoology) Any member of the Discodrilidae.


duplicato-

Representing Latin duplicātō (“double, twice as much”, adverb).

bor

duplicato- + dentate → duplicato-dentate

duplicato- + pinnate → duplicato-pinnate

duplicato- + serrate → duplicato-serrate

duplicato- + ternate → duplicato-ternate

(prefixed to adjectives, chiefly botany) doubly


projicience

(biology) The ability of an organism to associate stimuli with the direction or orientation of objects in the external world beyond its own body.


IFN

(biochemistry) Abbreviation of interferon.


KLH

en-noun

KLH (countable and uncountable, plural KLHs)

keyhole limpet hemocyanin
keyhole limpet hemocyanin#English

(biochemistry) Initialism of keyhole limpet hemocyanin.


S/MAR

scaffold/matrix attachment region
w:scaffold/matrix attachment region

(genetics) Initialism of scaffold/matrix attachment region.


introversible

introvertable (alternative)
introvertible (alternative)

(zoology) Able to be introverted, or turned inwards.


piracatinga

2012, Annual Report of the International Whaling Commission, International Whaling Commission, page 53,
This year, it reiterated serious concerns that the population implications of the intentional killing of botos and tucuxis for use as bait in the piracatinga fishery in Brazil.

2017, Vera M. F. da Silva, Anthony R. Martin, Amazon River Dolphin: Inia geoffrensis, article in Bernd Würsig, J. G. M. Thewissen, Kit M. Kovacs (editors), Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals, 3rd Edition, Elsevier (Academic Press), page 23,
Since the mid-1990s, a directed hunt to provide bait to catch a scavenging catfish called locally piracatinga or mota (Calophysus macropterus) has become the most severe threat to the species.

Fishing for piracatinga often involves enclosing an entire decomposing carcass within a submerged corral into which the catfish are lured; the bigger the bait, the larger the catch.

2020, David Dudgeon, Freshwater Biodiversity, Cambridge University Press, page 105:

2022, Randall R. Reeves, Chapter 1: Cetacean Conservation and Management Strategies, Giuseppe Notarbartolo di Sciara, Bernd Würsig (editors), Marine Mammals, Springer, page 16,
[…] an exploding regional market for piracatinga (Calophysus macropterus), a scavenging catfish caught in anchored traps baited with, among other things, the flesh and blubber of botos […] .

(zoology) A species of catfish, Calophysus macropterus, endemic to the Amazon and Orinoco river basins.


mallín

(limnology) A type of meadow and wetland found in southern Chile and Argentina.


halmatogenesis

(biology) The sudden appearance of new characters in animals or plants; saltatory or discontinuous variation.


erem-

From Ancient Greek ἐρῆμος (erêmos, “lonesome, solitary”).


afucosylate

en-verb

afucosylate (third-person singular simple present afucosylates, present participle afucosylating, simple past and past participle afucosylated)

afucosylates (present singular third-person)
afucosylating (participle present)
afucosylated (participle past)
afucosylated (past)

By afucosylating benralizumab, it does not only binds^([sic]) IL-5Rα with a higher affinity, which leads to a competitive inhibition of IL-5, but also induces active apoptosis by antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity [13,61,62].

2015, Bauke Pauwels, Karin Jonstam, Claus Bachert, “Emerging biologics for the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis”, in Expert Review of Clinical Immunology, volume 11, number 3, →DOI, →ISSN, page 355:

(transitive, biochemistry, rare) To remove a fucosyl group from.


dodecamerous

(botany) Having the floral organs in twelves.


phascolarctine

(zoology, obsolete) Of or relating to the obsolete taxonomic subfamily Phascolarctinae.


katharobic

(biology) Being or relating to a katharobe.


balloon syndrome

(medicine, zoology) Subcutaneous emphysema in hedgehogs.


olivetoric acid

(lichenology, biochemistry) A lichen derived organic acid with is a condensation of olivetolic acid with another similar acid. It has IUPAC name: 4-[2,4-dihydroxy-6-(2-oxoheptyl)benzoyl]oxy-2-hydroxy-6-pentylbenzoic acid


botryopterid

The botryopterids (Botryopteriaceae) include three or four genera, all based on stem anatomy, with fruiting organs known also in one genus.

1927, Frank Hall Knowlton, Plants of the Past: A Popular Account of Fossil Plants, page 75:

To date it has been assumed that most Middle and Upper Pennsylvanian botryopterids produced sporangial aggregations similar to B. globosa and that all botryopterid species of this age produced Punctatisporites-like spores.

1980, Abstracts of Papers to be Presented..., Botanical Society of America, page 44:

(botany) Any extinct primitive fern of the genus Botryopteris.


clepsydroid

en-adj

clepsydroid (comparative more clepsydroid, superlative most clepsydroid)

more clepsydroid (comparative)
most clepsydroid (superlative)


coenopterid

Indeed, many of the coenopterids show little distinction between stem and leaf, and protostelic axes are rather common.

1962, Theodore Delevoryas, Morphology and Evolution of Fossil Plants, page 79:

The Upper Devonian Rhacophyton until recently was considered a coenopterid fern […]

1971, David W. Bierhorst, Morphology of Vascular Plants, page 123:

The early coenopterids had prefronds, as did the cladoxylaleans.

1991, Frank Northen Magill, Magill's Survey of Science: Muscular contraction and relaxation, page 2295:

(botany) A fern of the Coenopteridale order, which is a taxon that is no longer used, but which used to represent ferns from the Devonian period into the Permian.


cladoxylalean

(botany) A plant of the genus Cladoxylon.


planorbiconic

planorbiconic (comparative more planorbiconic, superlative most planorbiconic)

more planorbiconic (comparative)
most planorbiconic (superlative)

For quotations using this term, see Citations:planorbiconic.

(malacology, of a shell or fossil) Having a relatively flat spiral shell (intermediate between serpenticonic and spheroconic) in which the whorls touch (evolute to involute) and get larger as they get further from the center, causing the shell to have the profile of a mushroom when viewed from the side, without being so wide or involute that it is cadiconic.


planorbicone

Perhaps from plano- + bicone, with an r in between. Compare Planorbis (Planorbis).

(malacology) An organism or fossil with a planorbiconic shell, or the shell itself.


hamitocone

In scaphitocones, the `pendulum effect' created by this separation was not as highly pronounced as in true ancylocones and hamitocones with open whorls throughout […]

1998, CJ Tsujita, GEG Westermann, “Ammonoid habitats and habits in the Western Interior Seaway: a case study from the Upper Cretaceous Bearpaw Formation of southern Alberta, Canada”, in Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology …:

Lytoceras and certain heteromorphs (eg, ancylocones, hamitocones) are the most appropriate for modeling because they exhibit the relevant features but are not overly complicated […]

2002, MA Hassan, GEG Westermann, RA Hewitt et al., "Finite-element analysis of simulated ammonoid septa (extinct Cephalopoda): septal and sutural complexities do not reduce strength"

2005, S. Reboulet, F. Giraud, O. Proux, "Ammonoid abundance variations related to changes in trophic conditions across the Oceanic Anoxic Event 1d (Latest Albian, SE France)", Palaios
[…] the shell would be easier in orthocones and torticones, which were oriented vertically in life with an aperture towards the bottom, than for scaphitocones, ancylocones, and hamitocones, […]

This pattern suggests that hamitocones were exposed to extensive post-mortem drift. […] Contrary to the lytoceratids and kossmaticeratids, hamitocones are characterized by a more […]

2018, E. B. Olivero, M. E. Raffi, “Onshore-offshore trends in Campanian ammonite facies from the Marambio group, Antarctica: implications for ammonite habitats”, in Cretaceous Research:

(malacology) An organism or fossil with a hamitoconic shell, or the shell itself.


hamitoconic

Juveniles had virtually all possible types of coiling of their shells, ranging from regular planispiral and orthoconic to torticonic, hamitoconic and gyroconic.

2014, AI Arkhipkin, “Getting hooked: the role of a U-shaped body chamber in the shell of adult heteromorph ammonites”, in Journal of Molluscan Studies:

... hamitoconic, orthoconic, scaphitoconic, torticonic and vermiconic.

2015 July 22, Christian Klug, Dieter Korn, Kenneth De Baets, Isabelle Kruta, Royal H. Mapes, Ammonoid Paleobiology: From anatomy to ecology, Springer, →ISBN, page 4:

... hamitoconic heteromorphs grew shell forms that started out orthoconic but then underwent a sharp 180-degree turn such that the next growth stage of the animal was straight, but parallel to the original orthoconic section and growing in[…]

2019 October 15, George R. McGhee, Jr., Convergent Evolution on Earth: Lessons for the Search for Extraterrestrial Life, MIT Press, →ISBN, page 149:

(malacology, of a shell or fossil) Having a shell which has two or more straight shafts, like some heteromorph ammonites such as Polyptychoceras.


kossmaticeratid

(paleontology) Any member of the family Kossmaticeratidae of ammonites.


ancyloconic

(malacology, of a shell or fossil) Having a shell which is initially a spiral, but then (like a hamitoconic shell) extends in a long straight section, curves, and extends again, as some Ancyloceratina do.


ancylocone

(malacology) An organism or fossil with an ancyloconic shell, or the shell itself.


scaphitocone

(malacology) An organism or fossil with a scaphitoconic shell (especially one in the heteromorph ammonite genus Scaphites), or the shell itself.


scaphitoconic

(malacology, of a shell or fossil) Having an ancyloconic shell with an involute phragmocone and a hooked body chamber, like Scaphites.


zaphrentoid

Simpson in 1900 proposed Hapsiphyllum for zaphrentoids, with a horseshoe-shaped inner wall, making Zaphrentis calcareformis Hall the genotype.

1914, George Gilmore Scott, A Physiological Study of the Changes in Mustelus Canis Produced by Modifications in the Molecular Concentration of the External Medium, page 189:

According to Ivanovsky (1960), a structure typical of zaphrentoids is as follows: 1) corals are solitary; 2) septa have a bilateral symmetry in relation to cardinal septum situated in a fossula; […]

1969, Acta palaeontologica Polonica, volume 14, page 131:

(zoology) A member of the taxonomic family Zaphrentidae, a prehistoric hexacoral.


elliptospheroconic

(malacology, of a shell or fossil) Having a more ovular rather than spherical spheroconic shell.


elliptospherocone

(malacology) An organism or fossil with an elliptospheroconic shell, or the shell itself.


vermiconic

([…] 'vermiconic heteromorphs) were vertical migrants in deep water, including the oceans, where some fed on mesopelagic organisms including sluggish juvenile ammonites, and others caught zooplankton in tentacles modified into umbrella-nets[…]

2013 November 21, Neil H. Landman, Kazushige Tanabe, Richard Arnold Davis, Ammonoid Paleobiology, Springer Science & Business Media, →ISBN, page 677:

Another three-dimensional heteromorphic growth form—the vermiconic—is highly asymmetrical, resembling a shell that started out torticonic, then uncoiled in a series of irregular loops and bends. The vermiconic ammonoids were drifters, and the torticonic ammonoids were mobile plankton[…]

(malacology, of a shell or fossil) Having a shell which is highly asymmetrical in three dimensions, with segments curving at irregular angles like a wriggling worm (see image).


dischizotomous

(paleontology, malacology) Furcating from two points.


monoschizotomous

... (one of which was inked in by Buckman and shows in his photograph, giving an erroneous impression of quadrifurcation). The furcation is monoschizotomous and very regular.

Monoschizotomous, i.e. ribs bifurcating from one point. The following are distinguished according to the differentiation of the sutural lobe : (a) Stephanoceratidae with a suspensive ('hanging') sutural lobe; (b)[…]

1983 June 2, Ulrich Lehmann, G. Hillmer, Fossil Invertebrates, Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 164:

(paleontology, malacology) Furcating from a single point.


polyschizotomous

(paleontology, malacology) Furcating at many points.


army ant syndrome

(biology) Behavioral and reproductive traits such as obligate collective foraging, nomadism and highly specialized queens that allow organisms such as army ants to become the most ferocious social hunters.


virgatotome

[...] gyrate furcation, and often a tendency to become fasciculate or virgatotome; secondary ribs obsolescent in some [...] polygyrate ribs and intercalatory secondaries. Microconchs 100-112 mm. in diameter with following rib densities[…]

1967, J. C. W. Cope, The Palaeontology and Stratigraphy of the Lower Part of the Upper Kimmeridge Clay of Dorset:

... polygyrate or bidichotomous to fasciculate (rarely virgatotome) ribs, more loosely spaced and coarser. External whorls of macroconch forms with dichotomous to polygyrate ribs[…]

(malacology, of the ribs on a shell) Having multiple secondary ribs which branch off successively in front of each primary rib (resulting in a shape like ᚠ), like the ribs of Zaraiskites ammonites.