colony-forming unit

en-noun

colony-forming unit (plural colony-forming units)

(cytology) A progenitor cell participating in hematopoiesis that gives rise to a particular lineage or type of blood cells.

According to the news release, the CDPHE and DOR announce a threat to public health and safety when marijuana contains levels of total yeast and mold above the limits set in the Colorado Marijuana Rule 4-115, which are 10,000 colony-forming units per gram.

2022 November 23, Kiara Demare, “Marijuana from Wheat Ridge company deemed “public health threat” due to yeast and mold levels”, in The Denver Post:

(microbiology) A unit which estimates the number of viable microbial cells (bacteria, fungi, viruses etc.) in a sample.


pinaculum

From ancient Greek πίναξ (plate) + Latin -ulum.

(entomology) A chitin plate on the skin of a caterpillar.


preural

en-adj

preural (comparative more preural, superlative most preural)

more preural (comparative)
most preural (superlative)

(ichthyology) Pertaining to vertebra supporting the caudal fin.


glyA

(biology) The gene that produces serine hydroxymethyltransferase.


pelorized

(botany) Exhibiting the abnormality called pelorism.


perigyny

(botany) The quality of being perigynous.


pseudosyncope

(biology, medicine) A condition clinically similar to syncope but not truly syncopal in nature, being caused psychogenically; thus, apparent fainting but without concomitant hemodynamic and electroencephalographic changes.


axiophyte

(botany, UK) A plant of special interest to botanists.


Bắc Hà dog

(zoology) A medium size spitz dog breed and one of Vietnam's Four Great National Dogs.


selenophorine

[…] on the basis of this character, this genus must be considered to be a harpaline rather than a selenophorine.

1959, The Coleopterists' Bulletin, volume 13, page 61:

In North America, selenophorines reach only extreme southeastern and southwestern Canada.

2000, Ross H. Arnett, Michael C. Thomas, Jr., American Beetles, Volume I, page 91:

They also advocated raising selenophorines, ditomines, and amblystomines to subtribe level.

2012, Yves Bousquet, Catalogue of Geadephaga (Coleoptera, Adephaga) of America, North of Mexico, page 57:

(zoology) Any ground beetle in the taxonomic tribe Selenophorina within the family Carabidae,


ditomine

In many ditomines and harpalines, the males possess four laterally extended tarsi, but both sexes climb on umbelliferous plants and other herbs with the same ease.

2000, Pietro Brandmayr, Natural History and Applied Ecology of Carabid Beetles, page 87:

(zoology) A ground beetle of the subtribe Ditomina.


ascocerid

(paleontology) Any member of the extinct Ascocerida order of cephalopods


chelifore

(zoology) The first appendage of a pair on the head of a sea spider.


isoxyid

(zoology) Any member of the Isoxyida order of extinct arthropods.


holoic

(invertebrate, zoology) Having a pair of big nephridia in all but terminal segments of the body.


nucleopolyhedravirus

(virology) A baculovirus that infects moths and butterflies.


quasisymmetry

en-noun

quasisymmetry (countable and uncountable, plural quasisymmetries)

So-called “quasisymmetry” occurs if all subunits are chemically identical but have two slightly different conformations so that slightly different contacts can be made.

2013, G.E. Schulz, R.H. Schirmer, Principles of Protein Structure, page 99:

Evolution blindly explores every possibility, and as more and more structures of viral capsids have been studied, numerous exceptions to classic quasisymmetry have been found.

2016, David S. Goodsell, Atomic Evidence: Seeing the Molecular Basis of Life, page 72:

(biology) A pattern in which many copies of a viral protein form a huge spherical coating, where each subunit has an almost symmetrical arrangement with its neighbors.


akiami paste shrimp

akiami paste shrimp (plural akiami paste shrimps or akiami paste shrimp)

akiami paste shrimps (plural)
akiami paste shrimp (plural)


subascending

Palpi moderate, subascending, rather stout, long scaled below; front with scale tuft; tongue developed; antennæ of slightly flattened, filiform, finely and shortly ciliate; […]

1896, Transactions of the American Entomological Society, page 340:

(biology) Almost or imperfectly ascending.


subincomplete

Metamorphosis subincomplete? Pseudelytra twisted, attached to the anterior leg.

1826, William Kirby, William Spence, An Introduction to Entomology, page 370:

[…] cells 5 oppositipetalous, subincomplete at apex; […]

1880, Henri Baillon, The Natural History of Plants, volume 6, page 43:

(biology) Almost or imperfectly incomplete.


peponium

One, a peponium, related to the cucumber, was discovered only recently.

1991, Adrian Skerrett, Judith Skerrett, The Beauty of Seychelles, page 101:

(botany) Any of the plants of the genus Peponium.


koilo-

From international scientific vocabulary, reflecting a New Latin combining form, from Ancient Greek κοῖλο- (koîlo-, “hollow, concave”).

der

classical compound
international scientific vocabulary


tPA

Coordinate term: uPA

(biochemistry) Initialism of tissue plasminogen activator.


musiform

en-adj

musiform (comparative more musiform, superlative most musiform)

more musiform (comparative)
most musiform (superlative)


neotene

(zoology) A reproductively mature animal in a juvenile form.


pteroenone

A B - hydroxy ketone ("pteroenone") with the formula CH40, has been reported to be the chemical defense compound (McClintock and Baker, 1998). Pteroenone causes a significant feeding deterrence in the Antarctic fishes[…]

2001, Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology: Biochemistry & molecular biology:

Employing flash and high-pressure liquid chromatographic (HPLC) techniques, pteroenone (Figure 5.2), a linear β-hydroxyketone and the first example of a defensive secondary metabolite from a pelagic gastropod, was isolated from tissues[…]

2001 June 13, James B. McClintock, Bill J. Baker, Marine Chemical Ecology, CRC Press, →ISBN, page 207:

In a bioassay-guided structure elucidation, pteroenone could be isolated and characterized as the main defensive principle of C. antarctica [82,83]. If embedded in alginate, this compound is a feeding-deterrent[…]

2004 October 22, Tetsu Ando, The Chemistry of Pheromones and Other Semiochemicals I, Springer Science & Business Media, →ISBN, page 195:

... provided a polypropionate-derived natural product, pteroenone (Figure 3.7), with strong feeding deterrence against fish predators […] Structure of pteroenone from the pteropod Clione limacina. (Yoshida et al.

2018 August 30, Melany P. Puglisi, Mikel A. Becerro, Chemical Ecology: The Ecological Impacts of Marine Natural Products, CRC Press, →ISBN, page 105:

(chemistry, biology) A hydroxyketone synthesized by Clione species as a defense against being eaten.


basilosaur

(paleontology) Any member of the Basilosaurus genus of extinct whales.


planorboid

planorboid (comparative more planorboid, superlative most planorboid)

more planorboid (comparative)
most planorboid (superlative)


thrombopathia

(veterinary science) A heritable dog blood clotting disorder with results in bleeding noses and gums.


bathyteuthoid

(malacology) Any member of the Bathyteuthoidea superfamily of squid.


triphyletic

(biology) Of or relating to three phylums.


diphyletic

(biology) Of or relating to two phylums.


scaloposaurian

(paleontology, obsolete) Any member of the group of Theriodontia reptiles, no longer recognised as valid


cheilostomatan

(zoology) Any member of the Cheilostomatida order of bryozoans.


hoplocarid

(zoology) Any member of the subclass Hoplocarida of crustaceans (mantis shrimp etc.).


atpE

(microbiology) A gene that encodes for ATP synthase c subunit in mycobacteria.


nomadine

(entomology) Any member of the Nomadinae subfamily of bees.


porphyrilic acid

(lichenology, organic chemistry) A carboxylic acid derived from a lichen containing two benzofuran units with IUPAC name 4,10-dihydroxy-8-methyl-3-oxo-1H-[2]benzofuro[5,4-b][1]benzofuran-7-carboxylic acid.


bathyphile

(biology) An organism that lives and thrives in deep water.


bathyphilic

bathyphilic (comparative more bathyphilic, superlative most bathyphilic)

more bathyphilic (comparative)
most bathyphilic (superlative)

(biology) of, or relating to a bathyphile; living and thriving in deep water


hemerophobic

hemerophobic (comparative more hemerophobic, superlative most hemerophobic)

more hemerophobic (comparative)
most hemerophobic (superlative)

(biology) Intolerant of human disturbance.


perisphinctoid

(paleontology) Any member of the Perisphinctoidea superfamily of ammonites.


neodolabellane

(biochemistry) A diterpene formally derived from dolabellane by moving a methyl group from carbon 1 to position 11.


furcatin

(biochemistry) A natural product derived from Viburnum furcatum, with IUPAC name (2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-2-[[(2R,3R,4R)-3,4-dihydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-6-(4-prop-2-enylphenoxy)oxane-3,4,5-triol


adeagus

(zoology) Alternative spelling of aedeagus


opistothorax

(zoology) A wormlike segmented extension to the thorax.


paleochemotaxonomy

(paleontology) Use of biomarker chemicals in sedimentary rocks to classify lifeforms.


biophosphorescence

(biology) The emission of visible light from a living organism after stimulation by light.


glucose 6-phosphate

(biochemistry) A glucose sugar phosphorylated at the hydroxy group on carbon 6.


glucose-6-phosphate isomerase

en-noun

glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (plural glucose-6-phosphate isomerases)

glucose-6-phosphate isomerases (plural)
GPI (alternative)
phosphoglucose isomerase (alternative)
phosphoglucoisomerase (alternative)
phosphohexose isomerase (alternative)

fructose 6-phosphate
fructose 6-phosphate

(biochemistry) An enzyme that catalyzes intercellular the interconversion of glucose 6-phosphate (G6P) and fructose 6-phosphate (F6P) and functions extracellular as a neurotrophic factor and lymphokine.


fructose 6-phosphate

(biochemistry) A fructose derivative phosphorylated at the hydroxy group on carbon 6.


fructose 6-phosphate
fructose 6-phosphate#English

(biochemistry) Initialism of fructose 6-phosphate.


fructose 1,6-bisphosphate

(biochemistry) A fructose derivative phosphorylated at the hydroxy groups on carbon 1 and 6.


silicifier

(biology) A living organism that builds structures from silica.


multigait

(biology, robotics) Having multiple gaits to adapt to the environment.


pseudomoniasis

(biology, medicine) Pseudomonas infection: a bacterial infection caused by any of various species of the genus Pseudomonas. Such infections occur in various host animals, especially certain fish; in humans immunodeficiency is typically a predisposing factor.


alkalonic acid

(bacteriology) A tricyclic ketide carboxylic acid made by bacteria as an intermediate in the production of aklaviketone and doxorubicin.


ctenodactyloid

(zoology) Any member of the Ctenodactyloidea superfamily of rodents.


neopulmonic

(zoology) Of or pertaining to the new lung part of the bird respiratory system.


H.I.V.

Alternative form: HIV

Although the World Health Organization does not recommend the combination, the United Nations agency does recommend each measure separately — cotrimoxazole for H.I.V. in Africa and bed nets to prevent malaria in infected areas.

2007 March 1, Lawrence K. Altman, “Project Curbs Malaria in Ugandan Group”, in The New York Times:

human immunodeficiency virus
human immunodeficiency virus#English

(virology) Initialism of human immunodeficiency virus.


blanid

(zoology) Any member of the Blanidae family of worm lizards.


blattoid

Borrowed from translingual Blattoidea, from the type genus of Blatta, from Latin blatta (“photophobic bug”). Further etymology unclear.

This result, however, is much younger than some “roachoid” fossils and clearly invalidates the hypothesis suggesting that winged “blattoids” would date back to the Devonian.

2015 June 22, Frédéric Legendre, André Nel, Gavin J. Svenson, Tony Robillard, Roseli Pellens, Philippe Grandcolas, “Phylogeny of Dictyoptera: Dating the Origin of Cockroaches, Praying Mantises and Termites with Molecular Data and Controlled Fossil Evidence”, in PLoS One:

However, a subgroup analysis (by order) indicated that the DGC facilitated gaseous exchange in dipterans (0.43 ± 0.34; estimate ± 95% CI; p = 0.01), but not in blattoids (p = 0.89) or orthopterans (p = 0.57) (Figure 5a).

2022 January 22, Seun O. Oladipupo, Alan E. Wilson, Xing Ping Hu, Arthur G. Appel, “Why Do Insects Close Their Spiracles? A Meta-Analytic Evaluation of the Adaptive Hypothesis of Discontinuous Gas Exchange in Insects”, in Insects:

(entomology) Any member of the Blattoidea superfamily of cockroaches and termites.


habroneme

en-adj

habroneme (comparative more habroneme, superlative most habroneme)

more habroneme (comparative)
most habroneme (superlative)

(zoology) Belonging to the Habronematoidea superfamily of nematodes.


actinopterygiian

(ichthyology) Of or pertaining to Actinopterygii, the bony finned fish.


lepomid

(ichthyology) Any member of the Lepomis genus of fish.


BLK

en-noun

BLK (countable and uncountable, plural BLKs)

(biochemistry) Abbreviation of B lymphocyte kinase.

B lymphocyte kinase
B lymphocyte kinase#English

(genetics) Alternative form of Blk; A gene that encodes for the enzyme B lymphocyte kinase.


Blk

Blk (countable and uncountable, plural Blks)

(genetics) A gene that encodes for an enzyme, B-cell lymphocyte kinase (BLK).


chonetid

(zoology) Any member of the Chonetidae family of brachiopods


chonetidine

(zoology) Any member of the Chonetidina suborder of brachiopods.


dermalium

(zoology) A spicule on the bounding membrane of a sponge.


discohexaster

From Ancient Greek: diskos, circular plate; hex, six; aster, star.

(zoology) A sponge spicule with six rays octahedrally arranged, ending with disks.


codonhexaster

(zoology) A sponge spicule with six rays, terminated in anchor shapes.


bombycilloid

(zoology) Any member of the Bombycilloidea superfamily of birds.


litorin

(biochemistry) A nonapeptide with composition L-pyroglutamyl-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-methioninamide.


interparenchymatous

(anatomy, botany) Between parenchyma cells.


brisingid

(zoology) Any member of the Brisingidae family of starfish


bonellin

(biochemistry) A green pigment found in Bonellia viridis with IUPAC name 3-[18-(2-carboxyethyl)-3,3,7,12,17-pentamethyl-22,23-dihydro-2H-porphyrin-2-yl]propanoic acid.


bonelliid

(zoology) Any member of the Bonelliidae family of worms.


aster yellows

(botany) A type of plant disease caused by phytoplasma, primarily affecting plants of the Asteraceae family.


AYP

(botany) Initialism of aster yellows phytoplasma.


animal protein factor

animal protein factor (countable and uncountable, plural animal protein factors)

(biology) A growth factor for animals containing vitamin B12.


pythonoid

(herpetology) Any member of the Pythonoidea superfamily of snakes.


buphanine

(obsolete, biochemistry) An alkaloid extracted from Boophone disticha, but now shown not to be a chemical but to be a mixture.


acetator

/ˈæsɪˌteɪtɚ/

From a theoretical Latin *acētātor from a acētāre (“to turn into acētum (“vinegar”)”).

(biochemistry, organic chemistry) A device wherein bacteria process a liquid containing alcohol with the help of oxygen into carboxylic acid.


virovore

virovores (plural)
virivore (alternative)

Curtis Suttle, a microbial ecologist who led several early studies on protists that might eat viruses, said his team’s unpublished experiments suggested that certain choanozoa could be die-hard virovores, too.

2020 September 24, Katherine J. Wu, “Nothing Eats Viruses, Right? Meet Some Hungry Protists”, in New York Times:

(biology, ecology, virology) An organism whose diet is primarily composed of viruses


virivory

(biology, ecology, virology) The eating of viruses. The dietary consumption of viruses. The condition of being virivorous. The condition of being a virovore.


supinine

(biochemistry) A pyrrolizidine alkaloid with IUPAC name [(8S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-3H-pyrrolizin-1-yl]methyl (2S)-2-hydroxy-2-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-3-methylbutanoate.


virivorous

It is thus tempting to believe that virivorous organisms, like bacterivorous ones, should be able to optimize their food uptake by exploiting patches of high prey abundances.

2005, Bettarel et al., “Low consumption of virus-sized particles by heterotrophic nanoflagellates in two lakes of the French Massif Central”, in Aquatic Microbial Ecology, volume 39, number 2, →DOI, →ISSN, pages 205–209:

The salt-forced extinction of potential virivorous nanoflagellates is a possible explanation, but the ability of these viruses to better resist ambient UV radiations is not unrealistic either.

2011, Bettarel et al., “Ecological traits of planktonic viruses and prokaryotes along a full-salinity gradient”, in FEMS Microbiology Ecology, volume 76, number 2, Oxford University Press, →DOI, →ISSN, pages 360–372:

Finally, the higher increase of VA in comparison to HBA in hypersaline systems was probably related to a higher resistance of halophages to environmental virucidal agents and, to a lesser extent, due to a lack of virivorous nanoflagellates or ciliates.

2017, Junger et al., “Salinity Drives the Virioplankton Abundance but Not Production in Tropical Coastal Lagoons”, in Microbial Ecology, volume 75, →DOI, →ISSN, pages 52–63:

If the researchers could prove that the microbes were growing by eating chlorovirus, they would have compelling evidence that these protists can sustain themselves with a virivorous lifestyle.

2023 January 17, Jasna Hodžić, ““Virivores” discovered: Microbes that survive on a virus-only diet”, in Big Think, archived from the original on 2023-01-21:

(biology) Involving or sustained by the consumption of viruses.


melampodium

(botany) Any plant of the genus Melampodium.


metachlamydeous

(botany) Of or relating to the Metachlamydeae.


waterfrog

waterfrogs (plural)
water frog (alternative)

Compound of water + frog. Compare German Wasserfrosch, Danish vandfrø.

(zoology) Any type of frog that lives primarily in an aquatic environment.


reticuloperitonitis

hardware disease
hardware disease#English

(veterinary medicine) Inflammation of the reticulum and the peritoneum in ruminants, which is usually caused by, part of, and metonymically synonymous with hardware disease.

hardware disease

usually although not invariably synonymous


micromerism

(biology, historical) A form of biological atomism, according to which biological materials such as seeds are composed of something like atoms, from which they receive particular traits; associated with Yves Delage (1854–1920), French zoologist.


midparent

(genetics) The average phenotype of two parents.


mucoregulatory

en-adj

mucoregulatory (not generally comparable, comparative more mucoregulatory, superlative most mucoregulatory)

more mucoregulatory (comparative)
most mucoregulatory (superlative)

From muco- + regulate + -ory or muco- + regulatory.

(biology, medicine) Having a regulatory effect on the production of mucus, as for example endogenously (in homeostasis) or (usually, especially) exogenously (in pharmacology).


momordica

(botany) Any plant of the genus Momordica.


vulpid

According to Hottentot legend, the cape fox feeds on ostrich eggs by rolling them over rocks until they break open. Little is known about reproductive behavior and life span of this small vulpid.

1972, Bernhard Grzimek, Grzimek's Animal life encyclopedia, page 253:

The three vulpids under discussion here are the Pale Fox (Vulpes pallidus; the Sand Fox (V. rueppelli); and the Cape Fox (V. chama).

1979, Maxwell Riddle, The wild dogs in life and legend, page 151:

(zoology) Any member of the true fox genus (Vulpes).


percolozoan

From the taxonomic name Percolozoa + -an.

(biology) Any unicellular organism of the phylum Percolozoa.


percolozoan

(biology) Of or pertaining to the phylum Percolozoa.


squamulation

en-noun

squamulation (countable and uncountable, plural squamulations)

(zoology) The condition of being squamulate; the presence of small scales.


sabellarian

(zoology) Any of the worms of the genus Sabellaria.


microbasic

(zoology) Having a shaft less than one and a half times as long as the capsule in relation to nematocysts.


mesobasic

(zoology) Having a shaft between than one and a half and four times as long as the capsule in relation to nematocysts.


macrobasic

(zoology) Having a shaft over four times as long as the capsule in relation to nematocysts.


tribodont

(zoology) (of teeth) Blunt and rounded used for crushing.


trophophore

(botany) The sterile part of a fern's leaf, as opposed to the sporophore.


complementary DNA

reverse transcriptase
reverse transcriptase

(genetics) DNA produced from a single-stranded RNA template in a reaction catalyzed by the enzyme reverse transcriptase.


NAAT

(genetics) Initialism of nucleic acid amplification test.


andrognathid

(zoology) Any member of the Andrognathidae family of millipedes.


ascogeny

Production of heterogeneous sclerotia may facilitate hybridization of strains during subsequent ascogeny.

A species in its entirety can be recognized from characters derived from ascogeny and/or mitospore production.

1994, Fifth International Mycological Congress, page 179:

A discarded hypothesis held that a second karyogamy event occurred in the ascogonium prior to ascogeny, resulting in a tetraploid nucleus which divided into four diploid nuclei by meiosis and then into eight haploid nuclei by a supposed process called brachymeiosis, but this hypothesis was disproven in the 1950s.

2019, Zaid Hays, Danny Watson, Fungal Ecology, Diversity and Metabolites, page 57:

(mycology) The development of ascospores inside an ascus.


brachiopoid

(zoology) Alternative spelling of brachyopoid


brachyopoid

(zoology) Any member of the Brachyopoidea superfamily of amphibians


mastodonsaur

(zoology) Any member of the Mastodonsauridae family or Mastodonsaurus genus of amphibians.


microptery

(entomology) The state of being micropterous.


COMT

(biochemistry) Initialism of catechol-O-methyltransferase.


ancyloceratin

(paleontology) Any member of the Ancyloceratina suborder of ammonites.


montanin

(biochemistry) A naturally found chemical compound with IUPAC name (1R,2R,6S,7S,8R,10S,11S,12R,16R,18R)-6,7-dihydroxy-8-(hydroxymethyl)-4,18-dimethyl-16-prop-1-en-2-yl-14-undecyl-9,13,15,19-tetraoxahexacyclo[12.4.1.0^(1,11).0^(2,6).0^(8,10).0^(12,16)]nonadec-3-en-5-one


acanthoceratoid

(paleontology) Any member of the Acanthoceratoidea superfamily of ammonites.


blastesis

From Ancient Greek βλάστησις (blástēsis, “germination”). Coined by Friedrich Becke in 1903.

der

(lichenology) Reproduction of a lichen thallus using gonidia.


regurgitalite

(paleontology) Fossilized remains of vomit or other regurgitated objects.


gastrolite

(paleontology) Fossilized stomach contents.


androzooid

(zoology) A zooid in a composite group that produces sperm.


nanozooid

(zoology) A tiny zooid in a composite organism.


cyclostomate

(zoology) Any member of the Cyclostomata class of fish.


cyclostomatid

(zoology) Any member of the Cyclostomatida order of bryozoans


hyposphere

(zoology) The lower part of a trochophore.


anascan

(zoology, obsolete) Any member of the Anasca suborder of bryozoans.


phylactolaemate

(zoology) Any member of the Phylactolaemata class of bryozoans.


gymnolaemate

(zoology) Any member of the Gymnolaemata class of bryozoans.


helicospiral

(zoology) A spiral in the shape of a cone.


manacein

Thomas M. Githens (1926) “Additional studies on miré”, in Journal of American Pharmaceutical Association, volume 15, pages 1067-1068

(biochemistry, obsolete) An alkaloid-like substance derived from Brunfelsia hopeana (or manaca) that is soluble in hot alcohol but not in cold and precipitated by ether.


manacin

(biochemistry, obsolete) An alkaloid-like substance derived from Brunfelsia uniflora (or manaca) that is soluble in hot alcohol and precipitated by ether.


isoarthothelin

(lichenology) A chemical xanthone compound derived from lichens with IUPAC name 2,4,7-trichloro-3,6-dihydroxy-1-methylxanthen-9-one.


subeffigurate

(lichenology) Having a slightly definite lobed shape.


dichloronorlichexanthone

From di- + chloro- + nor- + lichexanthone.

(organic chemistry, lichenology) A two chlorine derivative of norlichexanthone, (IUPAC name n,m-dichloro-1,3,6-trihydroxy-8-methylxanthen-9-one) (chlorine atoms can be in position n and m of 2,4,5, or 7 depending on the isomer)


monotrope

(botany) Any plant belonging to the Monotropoideae.


phloladid

(malacology) Any member of the Pholadidae family of bivalves.


prevomer

(zoology) A bone from non-mammalian vertebrates forming the anterior roof of the palate.


sylvioid

(zoology) Any member of the Sylvioidea superfamily of birds.


byrrhoid

(entomology) Any member of the Byrrhoidea superfamily of beetles.


exocone

(entomology) An elongated crystallized cone made of transparent material from the cornea in an insect eye.


MSH

melanocyte-stimulating hormone
melanocyte-stimulating hormone#English

(endocrinology, biochemistry) Initialism of melanocyte-stimulating hormone.


TBG

thyroxine-binding globulin
thyroxine-binding globulin#English

(endocrinology, biochemistry) Initialism of thyroxine-binding globulin.


petractin

(microbiology) An adhesin produced by Bordetella pertussis, the causative agent for whooping cough.


marrellomorph

(zoology) Any member of the Marrellomorpha, an extinct group of arthropods known from the Cambrian to the Early Devonian.


sanguifacient

(biology, archaic) Promoting the generation of the blood.


acetylgalactose

en-noun

acetylgalactose (countable and uncountable, plural acetylgalactoses)

(biochemistry) An acetylated form of galactose.


normocupremic

From normocupremia + -ic or normo- + cupremia + -ic.

(biology, medicine) Having a normal amount of copper in the bloodstream.


eukalemic

From eukalemia + -ic or eu- + kalemia + -ic.

(biology, medicine) Synonym of normokalemic


eukalemia

From eu- + kalemia or eu- + kal(ium) + -emia.

(biology, medicine) Synonym of normokalemia


eucalcemia

From eu- + calcemia or eu- + calc- + -emia.

(biology, medicine) Synonym of normocalcemia


normomagnesemic

From normomagnesemia + -ic or normo- + magnesemia + -ic.

(biology, medicine) Having a normal percentage of magnesium in one's blood.


eumagnesemic

From eumagnesemia + -ic or eu- + magnesemia + -ic.

(biology, medicine) Synonym of normomagnesemic


dyscalcemia

From dys- + calcemia or dys- + calc- + -emia.

(biology, medicine) A unhealthy concentration of calcium in the blood.


kalemic

Hypokalemia and hyperkalemia, are common electrolyte electrolyte diseases related to changes in potassium intake, excretion, or transcellular shifts. Hypokalemia is commonly induced by diuretics and gastrointestinal losses, whereas hyperkalemia is typically caused by kidney disease, hyperglycemia, and pharmaceutical use. The aetiology of kalemia can range from minor to severe, and it can be caused by diet, drugs, or another disease. […] This review gives an insight into the causes, symptoms, complications as well as pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments of kalemic conditions in pregnancy. This review also reported some cases of hypo and hyperkalemia in pregnancy in both human and animals.

2022, Athira Roy, Nissy P. Jacob, A.R. Vaishnavi, M. Sudha, R. Sambath Kumar, “Review on kalemic conditions in pregnancy”, in Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics, volume 12, number 1-S, →DOI:

(biology, medicine) Of or pertaining to kalemia: (usually, especially) regarding trends of potassium (K) concentration over time.

natremic

biometallic cation concentration in blood


dyscalcemic

en-adj

dyscalcemic (not generally comparable, comparative more dyscalcemic, superlative most dyscalcemic)

more dyscalcemic (comparative)
most dyscalcemic (superlative)

From dys- + calcemic or dyscalcemia + -ic or dys- + calcemia + -ic.

(biology, medicine) Relating to dyscalcemia (abnormal amount of calcium in the blood).


involucrellum

(lichenology) An upper covering layer of a lichen.


stenothecoid

(paleontology) Any member of the Stenothecoida of extinct mollusks.


magnesemic

(biology, medicine) Of or pertaining to magnesemia: (usually, especially) regarding trends of magnesium (Mg) concentration over time.


cupremic

(biology, medicine) Of or pertaining to cupremia: (usually, especially) regarding trends of copper concentration over time.


goniocyst

Coined by J. M. Norman in 1871 in "Fuligines lichenosae eller Moriolei". Bot. Notiser 1871: 9-20. From gonio- + cyst.

(lichenology) A lichen thallus containing clusters of algae embedded in an envelope of fungal hyphae.


paraplectenchymatous

(lichenology) Having a cellular structure superficially like parenchyma of vascular plants with hyphae going in all directions.


ptiloerection

(ornithology) Fluffing up of feathers or down so that birds can control heat.


suborthochoanitic

From sub- + orthochoanitic.
Invented by R. H. Flower in 1946. "Ordovician cephalopods of the Cincinnati region". Bull. Amer. Paleontology, vol. 29, no. 116

(malacology) (of nautiloids) Slightly recurved short septal necks, between orthochoanitic and cyrtochoanitic.


ftsL

(bacteriology) A gene found in E. coli used for septum formation in cell division.


ytvA

Bacillus subtilis
Bacillus subtilis#Translingual

(bacteriology, genetics) A gene in Bacillus subtilis that codes for a blue light photoreceptor protein (YtvA).


geikiid

(paleontology) Any member of the Geikiidae family of dinosaurs.


gallerin

Named after Galleria mellonella, the wax moth.

(biochemistry) An antibiotic protein found in the brain of the wax moth larva.


berovin

(zoology) A calcium ion-regulated photoprotein from the ctenophore Beroe abyssicola.


eucephalic

(entomology) Having a well developed head capsule (in larva).


etio-

From international scientific vocabulary, reflecting a New Latin combining form, from Ancient Greek roots; more at aetiology § Etymology.

(biology, medicine) cause; causes; causation.


SSPE

(virology, neurology) Initialism of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis.


nanhsiungchelyid

(herpetology, paleontology) Any member of the Nanhsiungchelyidae family of turtles


scansorious

a bird with scansorious feet


scytopetalaceous

(botany) Belonging to the Scytopetalaceae.


secundiflorous

(botany) Bearing flowers only on one side of the stem.


tendosynovium

(biology, medicine, rare) Alternative form of tenosynovium


silenaceous

(botany) Of or relating to the Silenaceae.


sisyrinchium

(botany) Any plant of the genus Sisyrinchium.


pseudoanemia

dilutional pseudoanemia

(biology, medicine) Any of various states that may be mistaken for anemia, which usually fall into the classes of (a) hemodilution that is physiologic rather than pathologic and (b) pallor of mucous membranes with nonanemic causes.


ceraphronoid

(entomology) Any member of the Ceraphronoidea superfamily of wasps.


cypridocopine

(zoology) Any member of the Cypridocopina suborder of ostracods.


aplodontiid

(mammalogy) Any member of the Aplodontiidae family of rodents.


cainotherioid

(mammalogy) Any member of the Cainotherioidea superfamily of mammals.


shumardiid

(paleontology) Any member of the Shumardiidae family of trilobites


pantotherian

(zoology) Any of the mammals in Pantotheria.


pantoporate

(botany, palynology) Having six or more round holes arranged around the surface.


mouldic

(geology, paleontology) Of or pertaining to moulds in the sense of hollow spaces..


adenosinic

adenosinic agonist

adenosinic receptor

Ferendelli remarked 206 that CAMP may be responsible for the inhibitory action of adenosinic and biogenic amines.

1990 September 25, Hendrik Keyzer, George M. Eckert, Felix Gutmann, Electropharmacology, CRC Press, →ISBN, page 361:

All the drugs were administered at a volume of 1 mL kg ! , completely dissolved and diluted in 0.9 % NaCl ( w / v ) ( saline ), with the exception of capsaicin and the adenosinic agonists.

1996, Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology:

Caffeine blocks adenosinic receptors, which also reduces[…]

2021 January 2, John D. Preston, John H. O'Neal, Mary C. Talaga, Bret A. Moore, Handbook of Clinical Psychopharmacology for Therapists, New Harbinger Publications, →ISBN:

(biochemistry, organic chemistry, genetics) Of, relating to, or containing adenosine.


coelopteran

(entomology) Any member of the Coeloptera genus of moths.


pseudodentary

(herpetology) In caecilians, the front tooth-bearing part of the jawbone.


pseudoangular

(herpetology) In caecilians, the rear toothless part of the jawbone.


herpelid

(herpetology) Any member of the Herpelidae family of amphibians


hUTCs

(cytology) Initialism of human umbilical tissue derived cells.


retusoid

(biology) (of spores) having obvious contact areas surrounded by a line called a curvatura.


pyroculture

en-noun

pyroculture (countable and uncountable, plural pyrocultures)

pyrocultures (plural)
pyro-culture (alternative)

Montanus (1671:22) however commented that: “Greenery would abound more if the natives did not burn the areas where they wander”, without at all appreciating the pyroculture that had been practiced by the Tasmanians for millennia as an innovative and successful environmental management strategy (Bird et al. 2008).

2011, John Paull, “Environmental Management in Tasmania: Better Off Dead?”, in Daniel Niles, Godfrey Baldacchino, editors, Island Futures: Conservation and Development Across the Asia-Pacific Region, page 155:

Despite the absence of farmed crops (i.e., maize, beans, and squash) and agriculture, it is clear that the western North American landscape was highly managed through fire maintenance (or pyroculture) for thousands of years (e.g., articles in Blackburn and Anderson 1993).

2015, Shannon Tushingham, Jelmar W. Eerkens, “Hunter-Gatherer Tabacco Smoking in Ancient North America: Current Chemical Evidence and a Framework for Future Studies”, in Elizabeth Anne Bollwerk, Shannon Tushingham, editors, Perspectives on the Archaeology of Pipes, Tobacco and Other Smoke Plants in the Ancient Americas, page 216:

In the words of a recent scientific review of the effects accomplished by the ‘ecological engineering’ of traditional fire practitioners, ‘pyrodiversity begets biodiversity’. This a conscious cultural economy of fire in stark contrast to the organised irresponsibility of industrial pyroculture toward the ecological consequences of its burnings, of enclosed fires hidden behind ignition switches and powerpoints.

2020, Jeremy Walker, More Heat Then Life: The Tangled Roots of Ecology, Energy and Economics, page 60:

(ecology, anthropology) The use of controlled burning, chiefly by hunter-gatherers, as a form of ecological engineering to manage plant and animal distribution in a habitat.


peridinoid

(microbiology) Any member of the order Peridiniales of dinoflagellates.


paucidentate

en-adj

paucidentate (comparative more paucidentate, superlative most paucidentate)

more paucidentate (comparative)
most paucidentate (superlative)


paucifoliate

paucifoliate (comparative more paucifoliate, superlative most paucifoliate)

more paucifoliate (comparative)
most paucifoliate (superlative)


paucinervate

paucinervate (comparative more paucinervate, superlative most paucinervate)

more paucinervate (comparative)
most paucinervate (superlative)


cystosome

(microbiology) The conical end of some single-celled organisms that functions as a mouth.


paxilliform

paxilliform (comparative more paxilliform, superlative most paxilliform)

more paxilliform (comparative)
most paxilliform (superlative)


pinastric acid

(organic chemistry, lichenology) A chemical found in some lichens with IUPAC name methyl (2E)-2-[3-hydroxy-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-oxofuran-2-ylidene]-2-phenylacetate.


chthamaloid

Derived from Chthamaloidea, from Chthamalidae which in turn came from Chthamalinae which was proposed by Charles Darwin in 1854, which appears to be named after the genus Chthamalus named by Camillo Ranzani from Bologna in Memoire di Storia Naturale 1820.https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18394#page/462/mode/1up. Ancient Greek χθαμαλός (khthamalós, “flat or on the ground”)

der

(zoology) Any member of the Chthamaloidea superfamily of barnacles.


perforatorium

So called on the assumption that it might assist the spermatozoon in boring into the egg. Compare perforate.


intectate

(botany, palynology) Having a sculptured surface but no tectum (of pollen).


intermediale

(paleontology) The central bone in the proximal row of three carpal bones in early amphibians.


carotane

(organic chemistry, paleontology) A fully saturated derivative of β-carotene with IUPAC name 1,1,3-trimethyl-2-[3,7,12,16-tetramethyl-18-(2,2,6-trimethylcyclohexyl)octadecyl]cyclohexane.


cetopsine

(ichthyology) Any member of the Cetopsinae subfamily of fishes.


Arctoidean

(zoology) Of or relating to the Arctoidea.


armeniaceous

en-adj

armeniaceous (comparative more armeniaceous, superlative most armeniaceous)

more armeniaceous (comparative)
most armeniaceous (superlative)


chaeto-

From international scientific vocabulary, reflecting a New Latin combining form; see English chaeta and New Latin chaeta, from Ancient Greek χαίτη (khaítē, “crest, mane, flowing hair, foliage”).

uder

(biology, medicine) chaeta (“chitinous bristle”).


exclinate

en-adj

exclinate (comparative more exclinate, superlative most exclinate)

more exclinate (comparative)
most exclinate (superlative)


javanicin

en-noun

javanicin (countable and uncountable, plural javanicins)

From Latin javanica + -in, after the taxonomic name of the plants.

(biochemistry) A small defensin-type antimicrobial peptide isolated from the seeds of Sesbania javanica.


AMPK

AMP-activated protein kinase
w:AMP-activated protein kinase

(biochemistry) Initialism of AMP-activated protein kinase.

(acetyl-CoA carboxylase) kinase
w:(acetyl-CoA carboxylase) kinase

(biochemistry) Initialism of (acetyl-CoA carboxylase) kinase.


zombie cell

Senescent cells are often referred to as "zombie cells," because even though they should be dead, they refuse to die. In the petri dish and in frozen, thinly sliced tissue sections, we can stain zombie cells blue because they make a rare enzyme called beta-galactosidase, and when we do that, they light up clearly.

2019, David A. Sinclair, Matthew D. LaPlante, Lifespan, Simon & Schuster, page 150:

Known as senolytic therapies, these drugs destroy the inflammation-producing zombie cells believed to be one of the causes of aging.

2020, Peter H. Diamandis, Steven Kotler, The Future Is Faster Than You Think, Simon & Schuster, page 175:

2022, Louann Brizendine, The Upgrade: How the Female Brain Gets Stronger and Better in Midlife and Beyond, Penguin Random House (Harmony Books), unnumbered page,
Without restful sleep, they can't do their job of balancing debris and inflammation, and that can lead to the emergence of zombie cells.

(informal, cytology) A senescent cell, which avoids programmed cell death (apoptosis) and may damage other cells (including causing them to become senescent) by secretions associated with senescence-associated secretory phenotype.


DArT

Diversity arrays technology
w:Diversity arrays technology

(genetics) Acronym of Diversity arrays technology (“a genetic marker technique”).


idionym

Haworth's idionym “v-flava” has been changed to “v-flavum,” despite its acceptance, with explanation of derivation, by the Entomological Societies of Oxford and Cambridge […]

1907, Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, page 1014:

(taxonomy, dated) A specific epithet; the name of a species.


diplodactylin

(herpetology) Any member of the Diplodactylinae subfamily of lizards.


diplodactyloid

(herpetology) Any member of the Diplodactyloidea superfamily of lizards.


rhopaloid

en-adj

rhopaloid (comparative more rhopaloid, superlative most rhopaloid)

more rhopaloid (comparative)
most rhopaloid (superlative)

Moreover, septa of Amplexocarinia are not rhopaloid , nor are they long in early stages comparable to early stages of Bradyphyllum .

1961, W. H. Easton, Carboniferous Formations and Faunas of Central Montana, page 30:

The septa in the cardinal quadrants are thickened and rhopaloid .

2002, Palaeontologia Polonica - Issue 61, page 21:

A new category of heterotrichous microbasic rhopaloid nematocysts was identified in the scyphopolyps.

2013, Andrew D. Naumov, Herman Hummel, Alexey A. Sukhotin, Interactions and Adaptation Strategies of Marine Organisms, page 9:

(zoology) Having a shaft or tentacle with an uneven diameter.


rhopaloid

The principal tentacular nematocysts are homotrichous microbasic rhopaloids, the capsule averaging 25–26μ long by 15–18μ across.

1967, Australian Journal of Zoology, page 664:

Stenoteles and euryteles are both rhopaloids, nematocysts characterized by an anisodiametrically dilated shaft.

1984, Zoologische Mededeelingen, page 41:

The tentacles, either singly or fused, become the four rhopaloids.

2020, Fatma El-Bawab, Invertebrate Embryology and Reproduction, page 241:

(zoology) A rhopaloid shaft or tentacle.


alcohol dehydrogenase

en-noun

alcohol dehydrogenase (plural alcohol dehydrogenases)

alcohol dehydrogenases (plural)
alcoholdehydrogenase (alternative)
alcohol-dehydrogenase (alternative)

(biochemistry) An enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes or ketones.


calitoxin

(biochemistry) A sea anemone neurotoxin produced by Calliactis parasitica.


lecidiene

(lichenology) Lacking a margin around the thallus, or having a margin made of the excipulum itself (of the apothecium)


apotheciate

(lichenology) Consisting of an apothecium.


actinoceroid

(malacology) Any member of the Actinoceroidea superfamily of cephalopods.


carboxidotroph

(biology) An organism that can use carbon monoxide as an energy source.


gynogen

haploid gynogens

(biology) a cell that contains only genes from the mother.


impaternate

impaternate larvae

(biology) Fatherless; having been born through parthenogenesis.


orophilous

en-adj

orophilous (comparative more orophilous, superlative most orophilous)

more orophilous (comparative)
most orophilous (superlative)

From oro- (“mountains”) + -philous (“love”).


PlGF

(medicine, biochemistry) Abbreviation of placental growth factor.; a biomolecule encoded by the gene PGF (“placental growth factor gene”).


adrenalinogenic

Hazard R, Boissier JR, Giudicelli JF (Fac Med Paris, Paris, France) Comparison of changes of adrenalinogenic actions of potassium ions, rubidium, and cesium under the influence of direct pharmacological agents Arch Int […]

1972, National Library of Medicine (U.S.). Toxicology Information Program, Drug Interactions; an Annotated Bibliography with Selected Excerpts: 1967-1970, U.S. Government Printing Office:

(biochemistry, organic chemistry) Creating adrenaline.


adrenalinic

Duration of treatment and observation on adrenalinic eosinopenia varied from sixty - five to three hundred and thirty days.

1951, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology:

Hyperaemia attains a maximum in denervated tissues owing to suppression of the adrenalinic mediator.

upper limit free of any apparent manifestations, and a lower limit expressed by a slight generalized hyperexcitability, discrete adrenalinic mydriasis which discloses the existence of a slight stimulation of the suprarenal capsule.

1963, Abstracts of Reports, Symposia, Discussions and Free Communications:

(organic chemistry, biochemistry) Of or pertaining to adrenaline.


diphyllic

diphyllic (comparative more diphyllic, superlative most diphyllic)

more diphyllic (comparative)
most diphyllic (superlative)

The first lateral lobe is diphyllic, having two nearly equal-sized secondary lobes. The second lateral lobe is monophyllic having a single secondary lobe which lies on the side toward the venter.

1933, The Geology of Texas - Issue 3701, Volume 3, page 308:

The suture line is characterized by the presence of diphyllic saddles, a feature better developed on LS1 and LS2.

1962, José Idamor Corvalán, Early Mesozoic Biostratigraphy of the Westgate Area, page 152:

However as Dr W.J. Arkell observed in his MS notes the distinction between a diphyllic and tetraphyllic lateral saddle depends on the relative development of the small terminal folioles, which are liable to vary and change with growth.

1997, Graeme Roy Stevens, The Late Jurassic Ammonite Fauna of New Zealand, page 19:

(paleontology) Having two phylloid lobes.


ballistospory

(mycology) Having or using ballistospores.


jecorin

From Latin iecur, iecoris (“liver”) + -in.

(biochemistry, obsolete) An azotized substance containing sulfur, found in the livers of young animals.


symphytan

(entomology) Any member of the Symphyta suborder of sawflies.


telotrematous

(zoology) Of or relating to the Telotremata.


prototrophism

Berrie [ 254 ] found that the incubation temperature of the colon bacillus has an influence on the incidence of the mutations returning to prototrophism and streptomycin independence

1962, Nikolaĭ Petrovich Dubinin, Problems of Radiation Genetics, page 275:

These strains enable recording of reverse mutations from auxotrophism on tryptophan to prototrophism .

1992, Soviet Genetics - Volume 28, Issues 1-6, page 173:

Auxotrophic mutant strains are readily obtained but they should always be tested for reversion to prototrophism before use.

2014, Antoon D. L. Akkermans, Jan Dirk Van Elsas, Frans J. De Bruijn, Molecular Microbial Ecology Manual:

(microbiology) Reversion to the growth factor requirements of an ancestral strain.


termitophage

(zoology) An organism that eats termites.


vampyromorphid

(malacology) Any member of the Vampyromorphida order of cephalopods.


argonautoid

(malacology) Any member of the Argonautoidea superfamily of cephalopods.


pseudorthocerid

(malacology) Any member of the Pseudorthocerida order of cephalopods


sapstreak

(mycology, botany) A fungal disease of sugar maples caused by Ceratocystis coerulescens.


ceratinine

(entomology) Any member of the genus Ceratina of small carpenter bees.


ceratinine

(biochemistry) One of a family of pheromones used by the sponge Pseudoceratina arabica. It is one of a family of brominated aromatic amines.


tabularin

(organic chemistry, biochemistry) A flavone found in the Indian Mahogany tree.


bussein

(organic chemistry, biochemistry) A tetranortriterpene found in the Indian mahogany tree.


phragmalin

(organic chemistry, biochemistry) A limonoid found in the Indian Mahogany tree.


meliacin

(organic chemistry, biochemistry) A type of limonoid chemical.


endotome

The tegmens are indeed similar and the composition of the cups are about the same but the organisation of the arms of Thamnocrinus with pronounced endotome branching and completely fixed main arm trunk must have differed considerably from Stamnocrinus devonicus.

1962, Albert Breimer, Collected papers - Volume 1, page 64:

Recently, lineage tracing somite cells using the Kaede protein and Cre/loxP technology revealed that a subset of somite cells termed endotome give rise to angioblasts that colonize the DA (Nguyen et al. 2014).

2021, Jaap Diederik Van Buul, Stephan Huveneers, Mariona Graupera, Endothelial Dynamics in Health and Disease, page 75:

(biology) The somite cells that eventually give rise to the endothelium.


precinctive

(biology) Endemic; peculiar to a particular area or region.


C₄

The enzyme responsible for C₄ fixation is PEP carboxylase.

2021, Caroline Bowsher, Alyson Tobin, Plant Biochemistry:

Since C₄ plants have become more prevalent, and because they are poorer sources of nutrition, herbivores have had to adapt their feeding behaviour to the changing flora.

2022, Thomas Halliday, Otherworlds, Penguin, published 2023, page 29:

(biochemistry) Designating a type of photosynthesis or carbon fixation, or a plant using such a process.


gen. et sp. nov.

(taxonomy, biology, paleontology) Abbreviation of new genus and species.


nondermatomal

nondermatomal distribution

(biology, medicine, of sensation or pain) Not dermatomal: not corresponding to the boundaries of neural dermatomes.


appendicovesical

appendicovesical fistulas

(vermiform) appendix
vermiform appendix#English

(biology, medicine) Relating to the (vermiform) appendix and the urinary bladder, usually with reference to a fistula therebetween.


panserositis

From pan- + serositis or pan- + seros(ae) + -itis.

serous membranes
serous membrane#English

Kawasaki disease
Kawasaki disease#English

(biology, medicine) Inflammation of many serosae (serous membranes), throughout the body, as a component of a systemic disease process, such as Kawasaki disease, MIS-C, or MIS-A (Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Adults); thus, vasculitides, polyarthritides, and pericarditis are involved.


prediverticular

From pre- + diverticular or pre- + diverticul(um) + -ar.

prediverticular disease

prediverticular state

prediverticular stage

prediverticular phase

(biology, medicine, of diverticulosis) Present in an incipient form that has not yet progressed to formation of complete diverticula.


peridiverticular

From peri- + diverticular or peri- + diverticul(um) + -ar.

peridiverticular inflammation

peridiverticular abscess

(biology, medicine) Around a diverticulum; adjacent to a diverticulum.


vesicoenteral

vesicoenteral fistulas

(biology, medicine) Synonym of intestinovesical


antimannan

(biology, medicine, of antibodies) Against mannan.


enterocolonic

enterocolonic fistulas

(biology, medicine) Synonym of enterocolic.


microphyllinic acid

(biochemistry, lichenology) A lichen-derived chemical compound with IUPAC name 2-hydroxy-4-[2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-6-(2-oxoheptyl)benzoyl]oxy-6-(2-oxoheptyl)benzoic acid.


sapeornithid

(paleontology) Any member of the Sapeornithidae (also officially known as Omnivoropterygidae) family of theropods.


chiodectonic acid

(biochemistry, lichenology) A red dye derived from a lichen with IUPAC name 2-acetyl-3,5,6,8-tetrahydroxy-7-methoxybenzo[f][1]benzofuran-4,9-dione.


chronocyte

(biology) A hypothetical ancestor to eucaryotes, which is a cell that engulfed an archaea and a bacteria.


glorin

(biochemistry) A chemoattractant used by some amoeba N-propionyl-γ-L-glutamyl-L-ornithin-δ-lactam-ethylester.


praetornal

(entomology) Located in front of the tornus


cementoid

(dentistry, zoology) A matrix of collagen fibres that becomes mineralised to form cementum.


cementoclast

(dentistry, zoology) A multinucleated giant cell that consumes cementum.


karyotypy

(biology) The property of having the same chromosomal characteristics.


himasecolone

(biochemistry) A phenolic sesquiterpenoid with IUPAC name 6-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-6-methylheptan-2-one.


cedrin

(biochemistry) A flavonol from Cedrus deodara with IUPAC name (2R,3R)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-6-methyl-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one.


pappotheriid

(paleontology) Any member of the Pappotheriidae of extinct mammals


tribothere

(paleontology) One of a group of extinct tribosphenic marsupial-like therians.


midstyled

(botany) Having a style of medium length.


pseudorheumatoid

progressive pseudorheumatoid dysplasia (PPD)

progressive pseudorheumatoid dysplasia (PPRD)

(biology, medicine) Seemingly rheumatoid but not (that is, clinically similar but pathophysiologically different).


rostrolatus

(zoology) In barnacles, the name for one of two large shell plates immediately lateral to the rostrum.


isocicutoxin

Cicuta virosa
Cicuta virosa#Translingual

(biochemistry) A toxic chemical from Cicuta virosa with IUPAC name (8Z,10E,12E)-heptadeca-8,10,12-trien-4,6-diyne-1,14-diol.


HAQER

Coordinate term: HAR

(genetics, evolutionary theory) Acronym of human ancestor quickly evolved region.


scolopin

(biochemistry) An antimicrobial peptide produced by Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans.


palaeolimnologist

(paleontology) Alternative spelling of paleolimnologist


chironomoid

(entomology) Any member of the Chironomoidea superfamily of flies.


chbG

Escherichia coli
Escherichia coli#Translingual

(biochemistry) A gene in the bacterium Escherichia coli that codes for a chitooligosaccharide deacetylase.


hypnoblast

From hypno- (“sleep”) + -blast (“cell”).

(microbiology) A thick-walled cell in the resting stage of an alga.


hGSTA

(biochemistry) Initialism of human glutathione S-transferase A.


peucedanoid

From Ancient Greek πευκέδανον (peukédanon) + -oid.

Coordinate term: ephialtoid

(entomology) Relating to one of two forms of Zygaena ephialtes.


ephialtoid

Coordinate term: peucedanoid


kleptocnida

(biology) A nematocyst that was stolen from prey.


kleptocnidy

(biology) The theft of nematocysts from prey.


cinM

(biology) A gene coding proteins responsible for the dehydration of serine and threonine residues in the propeptide followed by the subsequent formation of lanthionine bridges in cinnamycin.


cinA

(biology) A gene coding the cinnamycin precursor peptide.


cinX

(biology) A gene that encodes the protein that catalyzes the hydroxylation of aspartate at position 15 of cinnamycin.


mononematic

(entomology) Having electron-dense extracellular material localized to the junction between the cilia and the attachment cell. (of stretch receptor organs in insects and crustaceans)


nompC

Initialism of No mechanoreceptor potential C

Drosophila melanogaster
Drosophila melanogaster#Translingual

(genetics, entomology) A gene coding for a mechanosensitive ion channel protein in Drosophila melanogaster.


crosswall

crosswalls (plural)
cross-wall (alternative)

(biology) A cell wall partitioning hypha.


tcdA

Clostridium difficile
Clostridium difficile#Translingual

(biochemistry) The gene that encodes Clostridium difficile toxin A.


worm shell

worm shells (plural)
wormshell (alternative)
worm-shell (alternative)

(zoology) Any member of the sea snail family Vermetidae.


oncogenous

oncogenous viruses

oncogenous osteomalacia

(biology, medicine) Synonym of oncogenic


alpha-gal

(biochemistry) A carbohydrate found in most mammalian cell membranes.


alpha-GAL

(biochemistry) Abbreviation of α-Galactosidase.


Nickelback

From nickel + back. From having nickel atoms on the backbone structure.

(biochemistry) A peptide with a nitrogen backbone containing two nickel atoms and having 13 amino acids.


dodecin

en-noun

dodecin (countable and uncountable, plural dodecins)

From dodecameric + -in (as the proteins assemble in groups of 12).

(biochemistry) A small protein from bacteria used to store flavins.


centrosaurin

(paleontology) Any member of the Centrosaurinae subfamily of dinosaurs.


alimentary castration

(zoology) Sterility, in certain insects, caused by nutritional deficiency during the larval stage.


superprecipitation

(biochemistry) Formation of a gel in a reaction of muscle proteins: actin, myosin and ATP


pseudomitosis

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-pseudomitosis.wav

(cytology) A process resembling the start of mitosis, triggered by viral infection, where spindle poles are formed in a cell.


aponogeton

(botany) Any plant of the genus Aponogeton.


cyclidan

(paleontology) Any member of the Cyclida order of crab-like arthropods.


diadenylyl

(biochemistry, in combination) Two adenylyl groups


autosuccession

autosuccession (countable and uncountable, plural autosuccessions)

(ecology) An ecological succession, in which a species promotes its own continuation. So initial population and climax is the same.


mitochondriate

From mitochondria + -ate (adjective-forming suffix).


gonite

(entomology) The last abdominal segments on a dipteran (fly), which are modified for reproduction


kolkwitzia

(botany) A plant of the former genus Kolkwitzia.


koelreuteria

(botany) Any plant of the genus Koelreuteria.


photoblocker

(biochemistry, lithography) A substance that stops light.


pluripolar

(microbiology) Having several poles instead of just two (said of mitosis, a cell undergoing mitosis, or the spindle apparatus).


flagship species

en-noun

flagship species (plural keystone species)

(ecology) A highly recognizable and widely appreciated species that may serve to raise support a broader conservation effort.


BRCA

BRCA (countable and uncountable, plural BRCAs)

HGNC symbol, initialism of breast cancer.

The writer David Samuels, a friend since childhood, said the cause was metastatic breast cancer, which in her case had resulted from the BRCA genetic mutation. Ms. Wurtzel had a double mastectomy in 2015. After her diagnosis, she became an advocate for BRCA testing — something she had not had — and wrote about her cancer experience in The New York Times.

2020 January 7, Neil Genzlinger, “Elizabeth Wurtzel, ‘Prozac Nation’ Author, Is Dead at 52”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

(biochemistry) Any of a number of genes and proteins associated with breast cancer, especially BRCA1 and BRCA2.


deltasatellite

The purple and green parts of deltasatellite SCR represent the predicted conserved stem-loop and secondary stem-loop structures, respectively.

2019, R. Vinoth Kumar, Geminiviruses: Impact, Challenges and Approaches, page 149:

Deltasatellites do not encode any gene in their genomes. However, they share some common features.

2021, Encyclopedia of Virology, page 246:

Several types of DNA satellites have been described to be associated with begomoviruses: betasatellites, alphasatellites, and deltasatellites.

2023, Elvira Fiallo-Olivé, Jesús Navas-Catillo, “Molecular and Biological Characterization of a New WOrld Mon-/Bipartite Begomovirus/Deltasatellite Complex Infecting Corchorus siliquosus”, in Giuseppe Parrella, Paul Leslie Guy, Toufic Elbeaino, editors, Emerging and Reemerging Plant Viruses in a Context of Global Change:

(biochemistry) A small non-coding DNA satellite about 700 nt long, associated with helper begomoviruses.


subpubescent

(botany, zoology) Almost or imperfectly pubescent.


caeco-

From international scientific vocabulary, reflecting a New Latin combining form, from Latin caecum, as at caecum § Etymology.


ozonium

(mycology) A carpet of hyphae, resembling an above-ground mycelium, associated with certain mushrooms of the genus Coprinellus.


michelia

(botany) Any plant of the genus Michelia.


KHV

koi herpes virus
w:Cyprinid herpesvirus 3

(biology) Initialism of koi herpes virus.


predatorism

(biology) The characteristic of being a predator.


glycocholase

(biochemistry) choloylglycine hydrolase, an enzyme used in bile acid biosynthesis.


choloylglycine

(biochemistry) A chemical compound of cholane and glycine.


choloyltaurine

(biochemistry) (usually N-choloyltaurine) taurocholic acid.


chonemorphine

(biochemistry) An alkaloid derived from Chonemorpha fragrans with IUPAC name (3S,5S,8R,9S,10S,13S,14S,17S)-17-[(1S)-1-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-amine


fire-bellied

(biology) In the names of various animals, having a red coloured belly.


IHH

(genetics) Initialism of Indian hedgehog.


worm-star

From worm + star. From being a star-shape-like collection of worms.

(zoology, pathology) A collection of nematode worms stuck together at their tails, caused by a bacterial infection by Verde1 that causes their tails to become sticky. The condition has a fatality rate of 80% for the worms.


QRDR

(microbiology) Abbreviation of quinolone resistance-determining region.


pyrodiverse

en-adj

pyrodiverse (comparative more pyrodiverse, superlative most pyrodiverse)

more pyrodiverse (comparative)
most pyrodiverse (superlative)

(ecology) Of an environment or ecosystem, subject to variation in the kinds of fire experienced, whether produced by natural conditions or controlled burning.


accession number

en-noun

accession number (plural accession numbers)

(bioinformatics) A unique identifier given to a biological polymer sequence (DNA, protein) when it is submitted to a sequence database.


edriophthalmic

(zoology) Edriophthalmous; having stalkless eyes.


Danubian corridor

The caves lie on a migration route into western Europe known as the Danubian Corridor.

2018, Tim Flannery, Europe: A Natural History, page 179:

(paleontology, archaeology) A route along the valleys of the Danube and Rhine Rivers taken by of various ancient migrations of Eastern cultures into the north and northwest of Europe.


faunal assemblage

faunal assemblage (plural faunal assemblages)

Europe’s mammals are described by scientists as comprising faunal assemblages - groups of species that typically occur together.

2018, Tim Flannery, Europe: A Natural History, page 192:

(archaeology, paleontology) A group of different species that commonly associated with one another whose fossils occur together in a particular stratum.


scimitar-toothed

(paleontology) Of various prehistoric mammals, having long, slender, curved canines in the upper mouth.


phenocopic

(genetics) Of or relating to a phenocopy.


VNTR

We estimated that the following percentage of elements were correctly assembled: 95.4% of alpha satellites; 91.5% of human satellites 2 and 3; 97.7% of segmental duplications (SDs); 94.3% of variable number tandem repeats (VNTRs); 94.2% of short tandem repeats (STRs); and 98.8% of all human repeats²⁶.

2023 May 11, Wen-Wei LiaoMobin AsriJana Ebleret al., “A draft human pangenome reference”, in Nature, volume 617, →DOI, page 313:

variable number tandem repeat
w:variable number tandem repeat

(genetics) Initialism of variable number tandem repeat.


genomicize

en-verb

genomicize (third-person singular simple present genomicizes, present participle genomicizing, simple past and past participle genomicized)

genomicizes (present singular third-person)
genomicizing (participle present)
genomicized (participle past)
genomicized (past)
genomicise (alternative)

We are far from understanding how organisms with small genomes function, let alone how the human genome is organized. As more and more scientific disciplines get “genomicized”, the field will undergo continual transformation, thus a book like this one can only capture a flavor and a moment in time.

2002, Christoph W. Sensen, “Introduction”, in Christoph W. Sensen, editor, Essentials of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, →ISBN, page 2:

A plan to ‘genomicize’ epigenomics research and pave the way for breakthroughs in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of human disease.

2008 August 7, The American Association for Cancer Research Human Epigenome Task Force, European Union, Network of Excellence, Scientific Advisory Board, “Moving AHEAD with an international human epigenome project”, in Nature, volume 454, →DOI, page 711:

(transitive, genetics) To make genomic; to apply to the field of genomics.


genomicization

From genomicize + -ation or genomic + -ization.

In this book we ask how BOLI, as a partial ‘genomicization’ of the taxonomic discipline, has intensified and scaled up the distribution of practices, between field, lab and database?

2016 [2013], “Introduction”, in Claire Waterton, Rebecca Ellis, Brian Wynne, Barcoding Nature: Shifting Cultures of Taxonomy in an Age of Biodiversity Loss, London: Routledge, →ISBN, page 9:

(genetics) The act or process of genomicizing.


Bidder's organ

(anatomy, zoology) A spherical, brownish organ in most members of the family Bufonidae (true toads), located just in front of the kidney, or mesonephros, and apparently involved in regulating sex hormones.


metaleg

Likewise, in those insects where the metalegs are fitted for jumping, the prolegs and mesolegs are coordinated with the metalegs and fitted for walking

1923, Alexander Dyer MacGillivray, External Insect Anatomy:

The parts make up different but constant proportions of the entire leg for the pro- and mesolegs, but in the metaleg, the femur becomes relatively shorter and the tibia longer as size increases.

2013, Walter R. Tschinkel, The Fire Ants:

In X. flavitibia the first three tarsomeres of the metaleg are bright yellow.

2019, Jeffrey H. Skevington, Michelle M. Locke, Andrew D. Young, Field Guide to the Flower Flies of Northeastern North America:

(entomology) Either of the two hind legs on an insect.


semigregarious

(biology) Somewhat or partly gregarious.


lipovitamin

A deficit of biliary lipids in the alimentary tract causes: (a) fat malabsorption¹⁴², principally of lipovitamins, cholesterol and monoacylglycerols, but not of long-chain fatty acids¹⁶; (b) delayed formation of gut chylomicrons with larger sizes¹⁴³; […].

2008, M. C. Carey, M. R. Leonard, “Pathophysiology of bile secretion”, in M. C. Carey, P. Dité, A. Gabryelewicz, V. Keim, J. Mössner, editors, Falk Symposium 161: Future Perspectives in Gastroenterology, Dordrecht: Springer, →ISBN, page 88:


actinosiphonate

Cyrtochoanitic orthoceracones or slightly curved cyrtoceracones in which the septal necks are longer than the brims, and in which the connecting ring does not attain the adoral septum. Deposits within the siphuncle, if present, limited to a continuous lamellose lining, exhibiting neither actinosiphonate nor annulosiphonate structure.

1935 August 23, R. H. Flower, K. E. Caster, “The Stratigraphy and Paleontology of Northwestern Pennsylvania. Part II: Paleontology. Section A: The Cephalopod Fauna of the Conewango Series of the Upper Devonian in New York and Pennsylvania”, in Bulletins of American Paleontology, volume 22, number 75, Ithaca, NY, page 225:

(paleontology) Having vertical lamellae on the siphuncle, hypothesized to be either outgrowths of the connecting ring, or the result of gerontic secretions.


annulosiphonate

(paleontology) Having ring-shaped deposits at the septal foramina or siphuncle which resemble a thickening of the connecting ring.


nothomorph

A nothomorph is any taxon of hybrid origin, whether F1, segregate, or backcross.

1956, Regnum Vegetabile, volume 8, page 31:

Since F. cuneifolia is supposed to be of the same hybrid origin as F. xananassa, it has to be put under that name as a nothomorph.

1962, Canadian Journal of Botany, page 885:

They may be named under the Botanical Code (prior to 1982 they would have been referred to as nothomorphs or bastard forms) and also under the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants as 'cultivars' […]

2008, D. Gledhill, The Names of Plants, page 23:

(archaic, taxonomy) A subordinate rank within a nothospecies.


R.S.V.

Alternative form: RSV

The vaccine would be the first to protect babies from respiratory syncytial virus, or R.S.V., which is the reason many infants are admitted to children’s hospitals each year and kills several hundred under 5 each year.

2023 May 18, Christina Jewett, “F.D.A. Panel Recommends R.S.V. Vaccine to Protect Young Infants”, in The New York Times:

respiratory syncytial virus
respiratory syncytial virus#English

(virology) Initialism of respiratory syncytial virus.


shibire

Translingual: shi

From Japanese しびれ (shibire, “numbness, paralyzed”). Coined by Japanese-Canadian geneticist and zoologist David Suzuki, its discoverer. Originally discovered in its temperature sensitive form, shibire(ts), which caused the afflicted flies to drop from the sky on a temperature change, appearing to be a gene causing paralysis. Suzuki, referencing his Japanese heritage, chose a Japanese term for being paralyzed as the gene's name.

coin

(genetics) A gene found in Drosophila, its homolog of the dynamin gene.


organellomics

(biochemistry) The branch of cell biology that studies the structure and function of organelles in an organism.


hooktail

(entomology) Any dragonfly of the genus Paragomphus.


I have always told them not to worry, but the truth is I carry a “faulty” gene, BRCA1, which sharply increases my risk of developing breast cancer and ovarian cancer.

2013 May 14, Angelina Jolie, “My Medical Choice”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

(biochemistry) A human tumor suppressor gene associated with breast cancer.


en-noun

GLP-1 (countable and uncountable, plural GLP-1s)

If GLP-1 drugs only treated diabetes and did not promote weight loss, they would still be medically groundbreaking.

2023 October 9, Tressie McMillan Cottom, “Ozempic Can’t Fix What Our Culture Has Broken”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

glucagon-like peptide-1
w:glucagon-like peptide-1

(biochemistry) Initialism of glucagon-like peptide-1.


querimana

(zoology) A mugilid in the pelagic juvenile development stage.


climatic optimum

climatic optimum (plural climatic optima or climatic optimums)

climatic optima (plural)
climatic optimums (plural)

(geology, paleontology, climatology) Any time period, ranging from a few centuries to millions of years, marked by persistently warm temperatures.


tachyblastic

Little variation could be found in the size of the tachyblastic eggs produced by the members of any one clone, but some variation may occur from one clone to another.

1949, Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, page 7:

In growing cultures most gastrotrichs produce only tachyblastic eggs.

Ellsworth C. Dougherty, The Lower Metazoa (page 474)

Opsiblastic eggs are thick-shelled, a little larger than tachyblastic eggs, and are very resistant to freezing and drying.

2010, James H. Thorp, Alan P. Covich, Ecology and Classification of North American Freshwater Invertebrates, page 167:

(biology) Starting to develop immediately.


opsiblastic

From Ancient Greek ὀψέ (opsé, “late”) + -blastic.

Opsiblastic ova with retarded development occur in freshwater forms, although initiation of the process is little understood .

1982, Sybil P. Parker, Synopsis and Classification of Living Organisms - Volume 1, page 857:

If an opsiblastic egg is produced by an individual, it is usually the last oviposition by that animal even if it is also the first.

(biology) Exhibiting a period of dormancy before starting to develop.


pseudoroot

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-pseudoroot.wav

In addition, pseudoroots of anaerobic fungi and various cellulases secreted by rumen microorganisms are the main reasons for the efficient degradation of lignocellulosic biomass in rumen fermentation.

2023, Gustavo Molina, Minaxi Sharma, Rachid Benhida, Microbial Bioprocessing of Agri-food Wastes:

(biology) Any projection or nodule, such as the hypha of a fungus, that has a rootlike appearance without serving as an actual root.


misreplicate

en-verb

misreplicate (third-person singular simple present misreplicates, present participle misreplicating, simple past and past participle misreplicated)

misreplicates (present singular third-person)
misreplicating (participle present)
misreplicated (participle past)
misreplicated (past)

During cell division there is a probability that either or both of the master replicons will misreplicate and one of the daughter cells will be missing a master copy.

1970, Michael Abercrombie, Jean Brachet, Thomas Joseph King, Advances in Morphogenesis - Volume 8, page 177:

Thus when the second master unit begins to misreplicate, then in cells that still possess both units, the rate of misreplication becomes the same for both master units, even though they were initially lost at different rates.

1973, Alfred Marlyn Elliott, Biology of Tetrahymena, page 354:

Transcription errors cause a tector to misreplicate into a form symbiotic with living cells.

It is important to realize that errors in protein synthesis may also result in altered DNA polymerase, which would misreplicate DNA, thereby injecting errors into the genome that would lead to clones of abnormal cells (Orgel, 1973).

2013, Edward Schneider, The Genetics of Aging, page 18:

(ambitransitive, biochemistry, of DNA) To make an error during replication.


hemipneustic

From ἡμι- (hēmi-, “half”) and πνευστικός (pneustikós).

1977 O.W. Richards & R.G. Davies Imms' general textbook of entomology pub. Methuen
Hemipneustic Respiratory Systems... are prevalent among insect larvae and are derived from the holopneustic type through one or more pairs of spiracles becoming non-functional.

(entomology) in tracheal systems, having at least one functional pair of spiracles fewer than than the ten open pairs in holopneustic tracheal systems; hemipneustic systems occur for example, in the larvae of some Lepidoptera.


peripneustic

From περι- (peri-, “peri”) and πνευστικός (pneustikós).

1977 O.W. Richards & R.G. Davies Imms' general textbook of entomology pub. Methuen
Peripneustic... spiracles in a row along each side of the body. In typical examples the prothoracic and abdominal spiracles are open, that of the metathorax being closed. This condition is found in the terrestrial larvae of the orders Neuroptera, Mecoptera, Lepidoptera, of many Hymenoptera Symphyta, and of many Coleoptera...

(entomology) Of one of the categories of hemipneustic tracheal systems, in which the spiracles are in incomplete rows along each side of the body, as in the holopneustic arrangement, but with slightly fewer pairs of spiracles.


brunnescent

en-adj

brunnescent (comparative more brunnescent, superlative most brunnescent)

more brunnescent (comparative)
most brunnescent (superlative)


thigmo-

From Ancient Greek θῐ́γμᾰ (thĭ́gmă) + -o-, from the root of θῐγγᾰ́νω (thĭngắnō, “to touch”).

thigmo- + tropism (“movement, turning”) → thigmotropism (“movement of a plant because of touching”)

(biology, botany) related to touching, usually a plant.


Bigfootologist

A Peace River Valley Bigfootologist has come up with a suggestion as to the whereabouts of Polk County’s mysterious ape-man or Florida Swampman after it eludes hunters and searchers just like it did earlier this month in the Green Swamp. […] The Bigfootologists said undoubtedly the mysterious ape-man-like creature hid in the huge underground “faults” or cavities or spaces beneath the ground.

1977 October 24, Ralph Sumner, “Peace Valley Views: Valley Gets First Arrivals For Winter”, in The Tampa Tribune, 83rd year, number 253, Tampa, Fla., page 2, columns 1–2:

When Wylie sticks to describing these people and their habitats, he can be quite effective. But when he strikes out and tries to explain their motivations, he often gets into the same murky pseudo-scientific areas as the more fervent Bigfootologists.

1981 March 8, Jim Marrs, “It seems that we’ve all been myth-taken”, in Fort Worth Star-Telegram, page 7D:

She was also the one who pointed out that when she had been unable to positively identify a hair sample, the Bigfootologist would twist this to imply that it was from an unidentified animal. This was such a frequent and irritating corruption of her opinion that she stopped trying to help Bigfootologists many years ago.

2016, Bryan Sykes, “The Government Laboratory”, in Bigfoot, Yeti, and the Last Neanderthal: A Geneticist’s Search for Modern Apemen, Disinformation Books, →ISBN, part II, pages 230–231:

(uncommon, cryptozoology) A person who looks for evidence of the existence of Bigfoot.


Bigfootology

Morgan is indeed soaring. Not only does he have generous financial backing (a far cry from his previous outings which were financed by hard work and perspiration), but he has, too, the expertise of some of the nation’s most prestigious scientists. His scientific advisory board reads like the “Who’s Who?” But this is a new dimension of Bigfootology. When Morgan applied to the National Science Foundation for a grant only five years ago, his application was rejected. No reputable scientist would even talk to him about a man-like ape (or ape-like man) roaming the American wilderness.

1974 September 8, Penelope McPhee, “man against myth: the search for Bigfoot”, in The Spokesman-Review Sunday Magazine, page 14, column 4:

“What is it with you and garlic?” Riley asked in the dark. “That’s exclusively for vampires.” / “Well, what do you use for Bigfeet?” I asked. / Riley shrugged. “You’ve got me,” he said. “The field of Bigfootology is still in its infancy. But I’m pretty sure garlic would just tick him off.”

1999, Paul Buchanan, Wild Ride on Bigfoot Mountain (Heebie Jeebies; 6), Nashville, Tenn.: Broadman & Holman Publishers, →ISBN, page 68:

Anyone who turns up with indisputable proof of Bigfoot’s existence stands to make a lot of money; in such a commercial atmosphere it is perhaps not surprising that the world of ‘Bigfootology’ is rife with accusations of fraud and fabrication – not to mention legal disputes.

2011, Jack Wolfsblume, “Mysterious Sightings”, in Paranormal, Waverley Books, →ISBN, page 30:

(uncommon, cryptozoology) The study of Bigfoot.


pharyngeal arch

en-noun

pharyngeal arch (plural pharyngeal arches)

(zoology, anatomy, embryology) Any of a series of structures seen in the embryo of vertebrates that are precursors for many structures, notably the jaws and (in fish) the branchial arches.

arc pharyngé

embryonic precursor to any of several structures


bacteriochlorophyllic

en-adj

bacteriochlorophyllic (comparative more bacteriochlorophyllic, superlative most bacteriochlorophyllic)

more bacteriochlorophyllic (comparative)
most bacteriochlorophyllic (superlative)

(biology) Of, pertaining to, resembling or derived from bacteriochlorophyll


symphylid

[…] differences in the number of symphylids in the surface layers of soil […]

2012, M. Gratwick, Crop Pests in the UK: Collected edition of MAFF leaflets, page 382:

The symphylids are related to the millepedes ^([sic]) and centipedes and the only pest of any importance is the glasshouse symphylid, white insect or glasshouse centipede (Scutigerella immaculata).

2015, Roland Fox, The Gardener's Book of Pests and Diseases:

(zoology) A group of arthropods with 12 pairs of legs that live in the deeper soil layers and feed primarily on dead plant matter, although some species also eat young roots and the root hairs of living plants.


grand period of growth

en-noun

grand period of growth (plural grand periods of growth)

(biology) The total time taken for the growth of an organism.


type genus

(taxonomy) A genus that has been designated as typical of a family, and after which the family is named.


type series

(taxonomy) All those specimens included by the author in a taxon's formal description, unless the author explicitly or implicitly excludes them as part of the series.


summit disease

summit disease (countable and uncountable, plural summit diseases)

From summit + disease, from the tendency of infected insects to climb to the upper parts of plants before dying.

Some fungus mediated behavioral changes have been recorded, such as "summit disease" where infected grasshoppers climb to the top of plants to die[…]. This may aid spore dispersal, but it has also been suggested that it is a mechanism by which the host reduces infection through increased exposure to UV.

2010, M[ark] S[tanislaw] Goettel, J[ørgen] Eilenberg, T[ravis] Glare, “Entomopathogenic Fungi and Their Role in Regulation of Insect Populations”, in Lawrence I[rwin] Gilbert, Sarjeet S[ingh] Gill, editors, Insect Control: Biological and Synthetic Agents, London; Burlington, Mass.: Academic Press, →ISBN, page 405:

Soybean looper, Thysanoplusia orichalcea, infected with Thysanoplusia orichalcea nucleopolyhedrovirus. The image illustrates what is known as treetop disease or summit disease, whereby the host climbs to an exposed position (e.g., on vegetation) before death to facilitate dispersal of the pathogen.

2012, David I[an] Shapiro-Ilan, Denny J[oseph] Bruck, Lawrence A[nthony] Lacey, “Principles of Epizootiology and Microbial Control”, in Fernando E. Vega, Harry K[azuyoshi] Kaya, editors, Insect Pathology, 2nd edition, London; Waltham, Mass.: Academic Press, →ISBN, figure 3.2 caption, page 38, column 2:

Many foliar-feeding hosts infected with bacterial and viral pathogens display classic "summit" diseases, in which the infected insects move up the foliage immediately before they die. This behavioral host response to infection results in increased transmission to uninfected hosts, as the pathogen propagules from the cadaver shower down on the foliage below, resulting in increased transmission to the rest of the population.

2014, D[enny] J[oseph] Bruck, “Entomopathogens as Insect Biocontrol Agents”, in Robert G[rant] Linderman, D[avid] Michael Benson, editors, Compendium of Rhododendron and Azalea Diseases and Pests, 2nd edition, St. Paul, Minn.: APS Press, →ISBN, page 84, column 2:

A particularly striking example of host manipulation called ‘summit disease’ occurs across a wide range of insect groups including aphids, grasshoppers, butterflies and moths, beetles and ants. The fungus grows within the host’s body, infecting various organs, but before it reaches a point when the animal can no longer move, somehow the fungus causes the host to climb to a higher point like the top of a grass stem or tree and wait there to die. This can be beneficial to the fungus as from this elevated position they can spread their spores far and wide on the breeze.

2017, Jack Ashby, “Caterpillar with Parasitoid Fungus: Dried Specimen”, in Animal Kingdom: A Natural History in 100 Objects, Stroud, Gloucestershire: The History Press, →ISBN:

In the case of Ophiocordyceps, an infected ant's behaviour can be thought of as fungal behaviour. The death grip, summit disease, these are extended characteristics of the fungus, part of its extended phenotype.

2020, Merlin Sheldrake, “Mycelial Minds”, in Entangled Life: How Fungi Make Our Worlds, Change Our Minds, and Shape Our Futures, London: The Bodley Head, →ISBN, page 124:

(phytopathology) A disease (usually fungal, caused by the species complex Entomophaga grylli) that affects various species of insect, especially grasshoppers, whereby the infected individual typically climbs to the upper parts of a plant, attaches itself there and dies, at which point the infecting agent disperses itself, usually in the form of spores.

Gipfelkrankheit

disease that affects various species of insect


wood wide web

wood wide webs (plural)
wood-wide web (alternative)

Precisely what is passing between plants through fungal networks is a thorny question for all researches investigating wood wide webs.

2020, Merlin Sheldrake, Entangled Life, page 184:

In the forest, there is a “wood wide web” of mycorrhizal fungi that run underground, connecting the trees in a forest, helping them grow and communicate.

The portrayal of fungi-forest symbioses as a 'wood wide web' is in itself a technological image which, as Woods analyses in his contribution to this volume, often hides the mycelium behind the tree: he agrees in this with Jedediah Purdy, who has satirized the inevitability with which, 'after centuries of viewing forests as kingdoms, then as factories (and, along the way, as cathedrals for Romantic sentiment), the 21st century would discover a networked information system under the leaves and humus'.

2022, Liliane Campos, Pierre-Louis Patoine, Life, Re-Scaled:

(ecology) A mycorrhizal network; a network of fungal hyphae that connect the plants in a region.


subshining

Scutellum subshining, naked except the four marginal bristles.

1896, Proceedings of the United States National Museum, page 431:

(biology) Almost or imperfectly shining.


nierembergia

(botany) Any plant of the genus Nierembergia.


minimum inhibitory concentration

minimum inhibitory concentration (plural minimum inhibitory concentrations)

minimum inhibitory concentrations (plural)
minimal inhibitory concentration (alternative)

(microbiology, pharmacology) The lowest concentration of a chemical (usually a drug) which prevents visible in vitro growth of bacteria or fungi.


nanoengager

Moreover, the nanoengagers can deliver cytotoxic chemotherapeutics to further improve their therapeutic efficacy. We have demonstrated that effective NK cell activation can be achieved by the spatiotemporal coactivation of CD16 and 4-1BB stimulatory molecules on NK cells with nanoengagers, and the nanoengagers are more effective than free antibodies.

2020 July 3, Kin Man Au, Steven I. Park, Andrew Z. Wang, “Trispecific natural killer cell nanoengagers for targeted chemoimmunotherapy”, in Science Advances, volume 6, number 27, →DOI, page 1:

(biochemistry) A nanoparticle which engages certain cells in a process; a nanoscale engager.


SNV

(biochemistry) Initialism of single-nucleotide variant.


JAK

(biochemistry) Initialism of Janus kinase.


LDSC

w:linkage disequilibrium score regression

(genetics) Initialism of linkage disequilibrium score regression.


eQTL

expression quantitative trait locus
w:expression quantitative trait locus

(genetics) Initialism of expression quantitative trait locus.


cell-free

a cell-free system

(biology) Lacking cells; not involving cells.


SLRSV

SLRSV, being mostly latent in strawberries and other fruit crops, is of very minor importance. It can cause some mottle and decline in certain strawberry cultivars.

1992, Quarantine Pests for Europe, Wallingford, Oxfordshire: CAB International, →ISBN, page 972:

strawberry latent ringspot virus#English

(virology) Initialism of strawberry latent ringspot virus.


basitibial

basitibial plate

Furthermore Patellapis (s. str.) is characterised by the broad, well defined and usually apically rounded basitibial plate of females, the weakly serrated to pectinated inner hind tibial spur of females, the fourth sternum of male[s] with a transverse apical row of coarse bristles, and the helmet-like crest of penis valves.

2008 October 1, Kim Timmermann, Michael Kuhlmann, “Redefinition of the Southern African Bee Subgenera Patellapis (s. str.), P. (Chaetalictus) and P. (Lomatalictus) (hymenoptera: Halictidae, Genus Patellapis Friese, 1909)”, in Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, volume 81, number 4, →DOI, page 356:


distitibia

Coordinate term: basitibia

Leg I: Tibia with 23 articles and tarsus (basitarsus+distitarsus) with 41 articles. Leg IV (Fig. 13): Basitibia with 4 pseudoarticles and 1 medial trichobothrium on the last article. Distitibia with 3 basal and 15 distal trichobothria; frontal and caudal series with 6 trichobothria each.

2014 August 1, Ana Caroline O. Vasconcelos, Alessandro P. L. Giupponi, Rodrigo L. Ferreira, “A new species of Charinus from Minas Gerais State, Brazil, with comments on its sexual dimorphism (Arachnida: Amblypygi: Charinidae)”, in The Journal of Arachnology, volume 42, number 2, →DOI, page 159:

Well-developed median and lateral eyes; small and rounded meta[-] and mesosternum; large basal spine pedipalp distitarsus (2/3 the distal length); basitibia of leg IV divided in two pseudo articles; trichobothria of basitibia IV (bt) on the proximal third of the article; distitibia IV with 16 trichobothriae, equidistant basal trichobothria (bf, bc and sbf); […]

2016 February 17, Alessandro Ponce de Leão Giupponi, Gustavo Silva de Miranda, “Eight New Species of Charinus Simon, 1892 (Arachnida: Amblypygi: Charinidae) Endemic for the Brazilian Amazon, with Notes on Their Conservational Status”, in PLOS One, volume 11, number 2, →DOI, page 1:

(zoology) The portion of the tibia of an arachnid that is furthest from the body.


distiflagellum

Antennae of first instar larvae comprised a smooth four-segmented basiflagellum and a seven-segmented, sensilla-rich distiflagellum. […] Annulus number and the unique annulation pattern of the distiflagellum remained constant until adulthood.

2009 March, Dorit Hockman, Mike D. Picker, Klaus-Dieter Klass, Leonie Pretorius, “Postembryonic development of the unique antenna of Mantophasmatodea (Insecta)”, in Arthropod Structure & Development, volume 38, number 2, →DOI, page 125:

Morphologically, the antennae (Figs. 2, 3) (the average length, n = 4 for both species) in L. occidentalis are shorter (12.22 mm) in comparison to L. zonatus (15.67 mm). In L. occidentalis (Fig. 3a,c,e,g), the length of the particular segments is approximately: scape (2.61 mm), pedicel (3.86 mm), basiflagellum (2.60 mm), distiflagellum (3.14 mm).

2023 January 12, Artur Taszakowski, Adrian Masłowski, Kent M. Daane, Jolanta Brożek, “Closer view of antennal sensory organs of two Leptoglossus species (Insecta, Hemiptera, Coreidae)”, in Scientific Reports, volume 13, →DOI, article 617, page 4:

(zoology) The portion of an insect's antenna that is farthest from the body; the outermost segment of the flagellum.


pseudoarticle

pseudoarticles (plural)
pseudo-article (alternative)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-pseudoarticle.wav

Leg I: Tibia with 23 articles and tarsus (basitarsus+distitarsus) with 41 articles. Leg IV (Fig. 13): Basitibia with 4 pseudo[-]articles and 1 medial trichobothrium on the last article. Distitibia with 3 basal and 15 distal trichobothria; frontal and caudal series with 6 trichobothria each.

All new species can be differentiated from the other species of the genus by the number of pseudo-articles in basitibia IV, the presence/absence of median eyes, and the shape of the female gonopod.

2016 February 18, Alessandro Ponce de Leão Giupponi, Gustavo Silva de Miranda, “Eight New Species of Charinus Simon, 1892 (Arachnida: Amblypygi: Charinidae) Endemic for the Brazilian Amazon, with Notes on Their Conservational Status”, in PLOS One, volume 11, number 2, →DOI, page 1:

(zoology) A joint-like constriction that does not articulate.


thermohygroreceptor

thermohygroreceptors (plural)
thermo-hygroreceptor (alternative)

In the present study, the aporous sensillum (A5) embedded in a cavity is functionally classified as thermo-hygroreceptor. Morphologically it belongs to coeloconic, aporous sensillum without a flexible socket, it is located in a chamber open to the environment according to the characteristics distinguished by Altner⁶³ for this type of sensillum.

2023 January 12, Artur Taszakowski, Adrian Masłowski, Kent M. Daane, Jolanta Brożek, “Closer view of antennal sensory organs of two Leptoglossus species (Insecta, Hemiptera, Coreidae)”, in Scientific Reports, volume 13, →DOI, article 617, page 9:

(zoology) A structure in certain insects which acts as both a thermoreceptor and a hygroreceptor.


hygrosensitive

en-adj

hygrosensitive (comparative more hygrosensitive, superlative most hygrosensitive)

more hygrosensitive (comparative)
most hygrosensitive (superlative)

(chiefly zoology) Detecting changes in the moisture content of the environment.


thermohygrosensitive

thermohygrosensitive (comparative more thermohygrosensitive, superlative most thermohygrosensitive)

more thermohygrosensitive (comparative)
most thermohygrosensitive (superlative)
thermo-hygrosensitive (alternative)

In some taxa of Heteroptera, P. nigricornis (Pyrrochoridae), Cyclopelta siccifolia (Westwood, 1837) (Dinidoridae), Chrysocoris purpureus (Westwood, 1781) (Scutelleridae), N. viridula, P. guildinii, Perillus bioculatus, E. furcellata and H. halys (Pentatomidae), thermo-hygrosensitive coeloconic sensilla were present on the flagellum^(29,36,37,39,41,43).

2023 January 12, Artur Taszakowski, Adrian Masłowski, Kent M. Daane, Jolanta Brożek, “Closer view of antennal sensory organs of two Leptoglossus species (Insecta, Hemiptera, Coreidae)”, in Scientific Reports, volume 13, →DOI, article 617, page 11:

(zoology) Both thermosensitive and hygrosensitive.


chaetic

From Ancient Greek χαίτη (khaítē, “mane; loose, flowing hair”) + -ic.

af

Aporous sensilla with flexible sockets, presenting various lengths and shapes (bristle, trichoid, styloconic, chaetic or basiconic) consist mainly of exocuticular material and show no substructures in thin sections and cross-fractures⁷⁰.

2023 January 12, Artur Taszakowski, Adrian Masłowski, Kent M. Daane, Jolanta Brożek, “Closer view of antennal sensory organs of two Leptoglossus species (Insecta, Hemiptera, Coreidae)”, in Scientific Reports, volume 13, →DOI, article 617, page 10:

(zoology) Having long thick hairs or bristles.


tritosternum

Sternum (Fig. 3): Tri-segmented with all segments sclerotized and convex. Tritosternum projected anteriorly, elongated and cone-shaped, with a large variation in the pattern of strong setae: 1 apical (1 pair is usually found), 2 median (1 pair can be found or be absent), 3 basal (1 or 2 can be found), and several small setae along the segment.

2014 August 1, Ana Caroline O. Vasconcelos, Alessandro P. L. Giupponi, Rodrigo L. Ferreira, “A new species of Charinus from Minas Gerais State, Brazil, with comments on its sexual dimorphism (Arachnida: Amblypygi: Charinidae)”, in The Journal of Arachnology, volume 42, number 2, →DOI, page 156:

(arachnology) The sternite of the segment bearing the first pair of walking legs.


tetrasternum

Sternum (Fig. 3): Tri-segmented with all segments sclerotized and convex. […] Second segment (tetrasternum) rounded, with 1 upper pair of strong setae and several setulae encircling the base (in some specimens the upper pair of setae do not differs in size from the basal setae).

(arachnology) The second sclerite of a segmented sternal complex.


pentasternum

Sternum (Fig. 3): Tri-segmented with all segments sclerotized and convex. […] Third segment (pentasternum) rounded, with 1 upper pair of strong setae and several setulae encircling the base (in some specimens the upper pair of setae is similar in size to the basal setae

(arachnology) The third sclerite of a segmented sternal complex.


biotremology

Coordinate term: bioacoustics

More precisely biotremology studies the communication by surface-borne vibrations, detected by specialized perception organs (e.g. slit-sense organs in spiders, subgenual organs in insects, hair receptors, Pacinian and Herbst corpuscles in vertebrates) measuring the oscillations at a boundary between media.

2016 March 7, Peggy S.M. Hill, Andreas Wessel, “Primer: Biotremology”, in Current Biology, volume 26, number 5, →DOI, page R189:

These exceptional features are further demonstrated through a second discrimination analysis of Varroa gait and that of two other invertebrate species (woodlouse and carabid beetle). […] This research provides a significant step forward in Varroa biotremology as well as remote mite detection in colonies.

2023 June 23, Harriet Hall, Martin Bencsik, Michael Newton, “Automated, non-invasive Varroa mite detection by vibrational measurements of gait combined with machine learning”, in Scientific Reports, volume 13, →DOI, article 10202, page 3:

(biology) The study of production, dispersion, and reception of vibrations by organisms, and their effect on behavior.


tremology

From tremo(r) + -logy. Coined by Canadian biologist John Endler in Studying Vibrational Communication (2014).

coinage

In spite of vibrational communication being so widespread (more than 230,000 arthropods species and many vertebrates too), it is probably the least commonly known and least well known of all the sensory modes. […] Perhaps one reason is that there is not a word describing what we do; I suggest the term “tremology” (the study of tremors, vibrations, etc.).

[2014, John A. Endler, “Foreword: The Emerging Field of Tremology”, in Reginald B. Cocroft, Matija Gogala, Peggy S. M. Hill, Andreas Wessel, editors, Studying Vibrational Communication (Animal Signals and Communication; 3), Heidelberg: Springer, →DOI, →ISBN, page vii:


ami-momi

To ensure that lesions occurred on a variety of body surfaces and to cause enough internal stress, the procedure was as follows. The fish were not fed for a few days, after which time they were divided into two groups of 10 fish each and shaken in the air in a fan-shaped scoop net […] for 2 min. This shaking process is the “ami-momi” treatment.

1993, Kishio Hatai, Gen-Ichi Hoshiai, “Characteristics of Two Saprolegnia Species Isolated from Coho Salmon with Saprolegniosis”, in Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, volume 5, number 2, →DOI, page 115:

Fish in both challenged groups were subjected to ami-momi treatment²⁷, through shaking in a net for 1.5 min, and then placed back into the tanks. The challenged groups were exposed to 60 mL of S. parasitica zoospore suspension per group (one plastic bag/ aquarium containing 20 mL of zoospores suspension).

2023 June 19, Samar A. El Gamal, Rawia Saad Adawy, Viola Hassan Zaki, Eman Zahran, “Host–pathogen interaction unveiled by immune, oxidative stress, and cytokine expression analysis to experimental Saprolegnia parasitica infection in Nile tilapia”, in Scientific Reports, volume 13, →DOI, article 9888, page 2:

(zoology, often attributively) A procedure consisting of shaking fish in the air using a fan-shaped scoop net, used to prepare the fish for exposure to an external water mold infection by removing the surface mucus layer of the skin.


floral larceny

(biology) Any natural nectar-foraging behavior that potentially disrupts pollination, such as removing nectar from the floral opening or from between the petals.


Hp

(biochemistry) Abbreviation of haptoglobin.


climatic pessimum

en-noun

climatic pessimum (plural climatic pessima or climatic pessimums)

climatic pessima (plural)
climatic pessimums (plural)

(geology, paleontology, climatology) Any time period, ranging from a few centuries to millions of years, marked by persistently cold temperatures, but not always glaciation.


stenobiontic

Coordinate term: eurybiontic

(ecology) Able to tolerate only a limited range of environments.


eurybiont

Coordinate term: stenobiont

(ecology) An organism that is able to tolerate a wide range of environments.


stenobiont

Coordinate term: eurybiont

(ecology) An organism that is able to tolerate only a limited range of environments.


semiviral

Nonviral vectors are perceived as having a better safety profile than their viral counterparts, with an ability to transfer very large fragments of genetic material. Vectors include cationic liposomes, cationic polymers, yeast artificial chromosomes, Epstein–Barr virus plasmids and semiviral systems, as in the case of the ‘Sleeping Beauty’ transposon [30,31].

2009, Khalil N Abi-Nader, Charles H Rodeck, Anna L David, “Prenatal gene therapy for the early treatment of genetic disorders”, in Expert Review of Obstetrics & Gynecology, volume 4, number 1, →DOI, pages 27–28:

(virology) Partially viral (of or relating to a biological virus).


hamelia

(botany) Any plant of the genus Hamelia.


sneaky fucker strategy

The term was coined by John Maynard Smith.


stillingia

(botany) Any plant of the genus Stillingia.


morpholomics

(cytology) The study of the morphology of differentiated cell types.


amphimict

Coordinate term: apomict

(botany, zoology) Any amphimictic plant or organism.


immunoelectroosmophoresis

immunoelectroosmophoresis (countable and uncountable, plural immunoelectroosmophoreses)

From immuno- + electro- + osmo- + -phoresis.

HBs Ag was determined by immunodiffusion and immunoelectroosmophoresis (IEOP) in parallel, as described.⁷ HBs Ag was subtyped as described elsewhere.⁸

1976 March 27, Gunnar Norkrans, Lars Magnius, Sten Iwarson, “e Antigen in acute hepatitis B”, in British Medical Journal, volume 1, number 6012, →JSTOR, page 740:


leadzyme

Blend of lead + ribozyme, as originally discovered in a study relating to the presence of lead; but it has since been found in other environments.

(biochemistry) A small ribozyme that catalyzes the cleavage of a specific phosphodiester bond.