refractory period

en-noun

refractory period (plural refractory periods)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-refractory period.wav

(biology) The period, after excitation, during which a membrane recovers its polarization and is not able to respond to a second stimulus.


eleutherodactyline

Scientists at Penn State have penciled in the branches of the evolutionary tree of a major group of frogs, the eleutherodactylines, in the process making a surprising discovery: the species dispersed from South America to Central America and the Caribbean over water, not land.

2007 June 12, Henry Fountain, “Warming in the Arctic? Blame the Snow. The Dirty Snow, That Is.”, in New York Times:

(zoology) Any of the frogs of the family Eleutherodactylidae.


secretoneurin

(biochemistry) A 33-amino acid neuropeptide derived from secretogranin II, found in a wide variety of peptidergic endocrine cells and involved in chemotaxis of monocytes and eosinophils.


secretogranin

(biochemistry) Any of a group of related neuroendocrine secretory proteins.


stanazolol

Toney, 38, tested positive for boldenone and stanazolol, and Batchelder tested positive for stanazolol and oxandolone^([sic]), Garcia said.

2007 June 14, The Associated Press, “Sports Briefing”, in New York Times:

(biochemistry, steroids) A synthetic anabolic steroid derived from testosterone.


connivent

en-adj

connivent (comparative more connivent, superlative most connivent)

more connivent (comparative)
most connivent (superlative)

the connivent petals of a flower, wings of an insect, or folds of membrane in the human system, etc.

(biology) Arched inward so that the points meet; brought close together or in close contact; converging.


eugenia

(botany) Any member of the genus Eugenia of myrtaceous plants.


selamectin

(veterinary medicine, pharmacology) A topical compound used in veterinary medicine that disables parasites by replacing glutamate in their muscle synapses.


PIGS

(genetics) Phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis, class S, a human gene.


blastospore

(mycology) A type of fungal spore produced asexually by budding.

blastospora

fungal spore produced asexually from budding


antiradical

antiradical (comparative more antiradical, superlative most antiradical)

more antiradical (comparative)
most antiradical (superlative)

(biochemistry) Counteracting free radicals.


dejecta

From Latin dejecta (“things which have been cast away”), neuter plural of dejectus, past participle of dejicio (“I cast away”).

uder

(medicine, zoology) any liquid or solid waste matter that is emanated, shed or discharged from the body. Dejecta include urine, faeces, sputum, pus, mucus, skin sloughing, lochia; their discharge can be nasal, aural, by expectoration, urethral, vaginal and so on.


erd

Sorex vulgaris
Sorex vulgaris#Translingual

(zoology) The common European shrew (Sorex vulgaris); the shrewmouse or erd shrew.


TTR

/ˌtiː ˌtiː ˈɑː/

(biochemistry) Abbreviation of transthyretin.


ringspot

en-noun

ringspot (countable and uncountable, plural ringspots)

ringspots (plural)
ring spot (alternative)

Disease name: Tobacco rattle Causal virus: Tobacco rattle virus Symptoms: Necrotic local lesions, necrotic or chlorotic ringspots, systemic necrosis, ringspots, line patterns, mottling are the various symptoms induced in tobacco depending on the environment and cultivars.

(phytopathology) A symptom of various viral infections in plants.


alarmin

(biochemistry) Any endogenous substance that signals tissue and cell damage


conjugant

(genetics) A gamete that undergoes conjugation


modulin

(biochemistry) Any of a group of modulatory protein, produced by some bacteria, some of which are toxic


trica

Borrowed from New Latin trica, coined by Erik Acharius in his 1803 work Methodus qua omnes detectos Lichenes. Perhaps connected to Latin trīcae, although the semantic relationship is unclear.

(lichenology, obsolete, rare) An apothecium in certain lichens, having a spherical surface marked with spiral or concentric ridges and furrows.


tornaria

tornaria (plural tornarias or tornariae)

(zoology) The free-swimming larva of Balanoglossus.


allolactose

(biochemistry) An isomer of the sugar lactose.


MIC

MIC (countable and uncountable, plural MICs)

(microbiology, pharmacology) Initialism of minimum inhibitory concentration.


lepal

From Ancient Greek λεπίς (lepís, “scale (of a fish); flake”); compare French lépale.

der

(botany, obsolete) A sterile transformed stamen.


harpagone

...a pair of primitively two-segmented arms, the gonopods (claspers, forcipate claspers, anterior gonapophyses, pregonites, harpagones, parameres) arising posterolaterally on sternite 9...

1981, Manual of Nearctic Diptera, volume 1, →ISBN, page 45:

(entomology, usually in the plural) The clasping organ of male genitalia, one of the gonopods


supersensitivity

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-supersensitivity.wav

Because D 1 dopamine receptors are known to act through stimulatory heterotrimeric guanosine triphosphate-binding (G s ) proteins and activation of the cAMP pathway, up-regulation of this pathway in the nucleus accumbens could account for the functional supersensitivity of D 1 receptors observed in these neurons--which occurs in the absence of detectable changes in the receptors themselves--after chronic cocaine (or other stimulant) exposure (18 ).

1997 October 3, Eric J. Nestler, George K. Aghajanian, “Molecular and Cellular Basis of Addiction”, in Science, volume 278, number 5335, →DOI, pages 58–63:

In the next generation seeds were screened for ABA supersensitivity (era1/era1).

1998 October 9, Zhen-Ming Pei et al., “Role of Farnesyltransferase in ABA Regulation of Guard Cell Anion Channels and Plant Water Loss”, in Science, volume 282, number 5387, →DOI, pages 287–290:

The effects of inactivity on new receptor synthesis and denervation supersensitivity are mediated by Ca 2 influx (24 ).

1999 October 15, Mohammed Akaaboune et al., “Rapid and Reversible Effects of Activity on Acetylcholine Receptor Density at the Neuromuscular Junction in Vivo”, in Science, volume 286, number 5439, →DOI, pages 503–507:

(biochemistry, pharmacology) Extreme sensitivity (of the body) to a chemical.


remigrant

In host-alternating aphids the remigrants, which give birth to the mating females, are the first to arrive on the primary host […]

2012, A. F. G. Dixon, Aphid Ecology: An optimization approach, page 51:

(zoology) An insect that migrates back to a previous host.


sarmentum

Runner-bearing, viticulosæ. Throwing out runners, viticulæ, sarmenta, or flagella, which take root from space to space.

1821, Samuel Frederick Gray, “An Introduction to Botany”, in A Natural Arrangement of British Plants, With An Introduction to Botany, volume 1, page 42:


PBP

penicillin-binding protein
w:penicillin-binding protein

(bacteriology, pharmacology) Initialism of penicillin-binding protein.


equation division

en-noun

equation division (plural equation divisions)

(biology, genetics, cytology) The second of the two divisions of meiosis, a type of cell division.


auxotonic

en-adj

auxotonic (comparative more auxotonic, superlative most auxotonic)

more auxotonic (comparative)
most auxotonic (superlative)

From auxo- (“increase, growth”) + tonic.

(botany) Relating to plant movement classified by growth as opposed to mature reactions to exogenous stimuli in surrounding environment.


semelparity

2009, David Quammen, Where the Salmon Rule, National Geographic (August 2009), page 37,
"Unlike an Atlantic Salmon or most other species of vertebrate, a Pacific salmon breeds once and then dies. Scientists call the phenomenon semelparity."

(biology) The condition of being semelparous


autorecognition

/ˌɔtoʊɹɛkəɡˈnɪʃən/

/ˌɔːtəʊɹɛkəɡˈnɪʃən/

(chiefly biology) Recognition of oneself or itself.


syncarpous

(botany, of a pistil) Having carpels joined together


SNAP

(biochemistry) Acronym of soluble NSF attachment protein.


cytotrophoblast

(cytology) The inner layer of the trophoblast.


syncytiotrophoblast

(cytology) The outer layer of the trophoblast, consisting of a single cell with many nuclei and a very large size and surface area.


hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase

(biochemistry) An enzyme involved in pyruvate metabolism.


hypercarnivore

(paleobiology) Any creature with an increased slicing component of dentition relative to the grinding component.


dendrobatid

(zoology) Any member of the family Dendrobatidae of poison dart frogs.


gynecomorphous

gynecomorphous (comparative more gynecomorphous, superlative most gynecomorphous)

more gynecomorphous (comparative)
most gynecomorphous (superlative)

(biology) Resembling a female in shape, attributes or appearance.


mesopsammic

mesopsammic (comparative more mesopsammic, superlative most mesopsammic)

more mesopsammic (comparative)
most mesopsammic (superlative)

Therefore, the researches carried out by Prof. Vezio Cottarelli (Viterbo) in the mesopsammic marine environment of Mindoro Island and by Dr Mauro Daccordi (Verona) in the phreatic fresh water of Palawan Island, are quite interesting in this regard.

1994, Tropical Zoology - Volume 7, page 356:

As is the case with mesopsammic representatives of other major taxa, interstitial nemertines constitute a unique biological grouping recognizable by specializations that are characteristic of mesopsammon (see Swedmark, 1964, for review of the nature of interstitial organisms).

2012, Per Sundberg, R. Gibson, G. Berg, Recent Advances in Nemertean Biology, →ISBN:

Although about 45% of all adenophoran nematodes are interstitial, there are few morphological features that occur regularly in mesopsammic species and can be considered typical for a mesopsammic life, although their function is not always clear (Lorenzen 1986): A strongly bent tail with adhesive glands (nematodes normally lie on their side when moving), additional adhesive organs (e.g. in Epsilonematidae), a flexible, tapering "neck" region, extremely long setae (Thrichotheristus), aberrant position of amphids (Epsilonematidae), flattened body (rare, e.g. Neochromadora angelica).

2013, Olav Giere, Meiobenthology: The Microscopic Fauna in Aquatic Sediments, →ISBN:

(rare, ecology) Of or pertaining to the interstitial spaces of marine sand.


alabastrum

en-noun

alabastrum (plural alabastra or alabastrums)


Sundaland

From Sunda + land. The geographical use derives from Dutch Soendaland.

(biogeography) A biogeographical region of Southeastern Asia which encompasses the areas of the Asian continental shelf that was exposed during the last ice age

Sondalàndia

(paleogeography) The area of the Sunda Shelf exposed during ice age glacial periods.


homogenesis

(biology) A method of reproduction in which the parents and offspring are alike.


looptail

a looptail mutant mouse

(genetics, anatomy) Having a loop at its tail.


headful

(genetics) That fills the head of a phage


dehydrase

Formed as de- + hydr- + -ase, by analogy with the German Dehydrase.

It is shown by means of a typical dehydrase, Schardinger’s milk enzyme, that oxidase, reductase and mutase are 1 and the same enzyme.

1914, Chemical Abstracts, volume 8, page 3,051:

Citric acid dehydrase is present in the liver and in vegetable material acting on citric acid.

1939, Sir Thomas Edward Thorpe, A Dictionary of Applied Chemistry [4th ed.], volume 3, page 553, column 2

Freudenberg also postulates a second process whereby catechins in the presence of dehydrases undergo condensation by dehydrogenation.

1959, N. Campbell [contrib.] and Ernest Harry Rodd [ed.], Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, volume 4B, chapter 8, page 942

The usual English term ‘dehydrase’ for an enzyme dehydrating a substrate was changed to dehydratase, because Dehydrase in German…means a dehydrogenating enzyme rather than an enzyme splitting off water.

1953, Advances in Enzymology, volume 14, page 243:

The enzymic dehydration of tartaric acid to oxaloacetic acid, first established…for the d-isomer, occurs also with the meso- and l-isomers, and the attack on all three tartaric acids by bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas appears to occur principally by means of stereospecific dehydrases.

1957, Journal of General Microbiology, volume 16, page 480:


short tandem repeat

short tandem repeat (plural short tandem repeats)

(genetics) A pattern in DNA where two or more nucleotides are repeated and the repeated sequences are directly adjacent to each other, used in determining genetic profiles to identify an individual.


autozygome

(genetics) The complete set of genomic regions that are identical by descent in an individual.


locule

(botany) Any of the cells of a compound ovary of a plant; a loculus.


bullate

en-adj

bullate (comparative more bullate, superlative most bullate)

more bullate (comparative)
most bullate (superlative)

(botany) Having arched leaf tissue between each lateral vein, so that the veins appear depressed in the leaf surface.


lævulose

(biochemistry) Alternative spelling of levulose


eponychium

/ɛpəʊˈnɪkɪəm/

From Ancient Greek ἐπί (epí, “on top of”) + ὀνῠ́χιον (onŭ́khion, “little claw”, diminutive of ὄνυξ (ónux)).

The hooves are tipped with collagenous eponychia, which prevents damage to the amnion and beyond.

2012, Paul McGreevy, Equine Behavior: A Guide for Veterinarians and Equine Scientists, 2nd edition, page 163:

2014, Kevin T. Corley, Jonna M. Jokisolo, Chapter 172: Evaluation of the Compromised Neonatal Foal, Kim A. Sprayberry, N. Edward Robinson, Robinson's Current Therapy in Equine Medicine, 7th Edition, page 720,
The presence of eponychium (also called “foal slippers”) on the feet (Figure 172-3) is indicative that the foal has not yet stood.

In ungulates, this is apparently exaggerated by the presence of the eponychia, or collagenous pads over the sole of the fetal hoof.

2015, Donald M Broom, Andrew F Fraser, Domestic Animal Behaviour and Welfare, 5th edition, page 196:

(zoology, veterinary medicine) The protective capsule that surrounds the hoof of foetuses and neonates of hoofed animals, which disappears soon after birth, but remnants of which remain as part of the permanent hoof.


SHH

(biochemistry) Initialism of sonic hedgehog homolog (protein)

(genetics) Initialism of sonic hedgehog gene (gene encoding for the protein "sonic hedgehog")


biophoton

(biology, physics) A low-energy photon emitted from a biological source (but not by bioluminescence)


synandrium

(botany) An androecium of which the anthers have been fused.


sarment

(botany) A long slender prostrate stem or runner, such as of the strawberry.


eudysmic ratio

eudysmic ratios (plural)
eudismic ratio (alternative)

(chemistry, pharmacology, biology) A ratio expressing the difference in pharmacologic activity between the two enantiomers of a drug.


urad

oord (alternative)
oordh (alternative)
oorud (alternative)
udad (alternative)
urd (alternative)

Borrowed from Hindi उड़द (uṛad), ultimately from Proto-Dravidian *uẓuntu

(botany, India cooking) Vigna mungo, a South Asian bean used to make dal.


unfoldome

(biochemistry) The totality of intrinsically disordered proteins in an organism


compital

(botany) Of the vein of a leaf, intersecting at a wide angle.


screenwash

en-verb

screenwash (third-person singular simple present screenwashes, present participle screenwashing, simple past and past participle screenwashed)

screenwashes (present singular third-person)
screenwashing (participle present)
screenwashed (participle past)
screenwashed (past)

(paleontology) To sift sediment through open boxes with screens at the bottom, as a technique for finding microfossils.


consute

(entomology) Marked as if with stitches, like the wing-covers of some beetles.


biophilic

en-adj

biophilic (comparative more biophilic, superlative most biophilic)

more biophilic (comparative)
most biophilic (superlative)

And even if we accept the possible explanation that, at the time life appeared, there were in existence biophilic elements now defunct, or vitalising rays no longer radiant, even then, we are met by the facts (i) that even in the lowest organisms there is extraordinary […]

1932, Ronald Campbell Macfie, The faiths and heresies of a poet and scientist, Williams & Norgate, page 37:

(biology) Of or pertaining to biophilia.


peritrichous

peritrichous (comparative more peritrichous, superlative most peritrichous)

more peritrichous (comparative)
most peritrichous (superlative)

(biology) Having flagella around the body or around the mouth


lacertian

/ləˈsəːtɪən/


syntonin

en-noun

syntonin (countable and uncountable, plural syntonins)

(obsolete, biochemistry) A form of fibrin found in muscle tissue, or produced by the action of acids on myosin


cerambycid

The branch was obviously infested and showed a few emergence holes indicative of both buprestids and cerambycids, and when I broke into it I found two unemerged adult Agrilus (different species), which caused me to cut and bundle the branch to being back for rearing.

2022 May 14, Ted C. MacRae, Cupressaceae:

(coleopterology, entomology) Any member of the family Cerambycidae of longhorn beetles.


rotiform

en-adj

rotiform (comparative more rotiform, superlative most rotiform)

more rotiform (comparative)
most rotiform (superlative)

Borrowed from Latin rota (“wheel”) + -iform.

(botany) Having a short tube and spreading limb.


stereome

(botany) A section of sclerenchyma at the base of a phyllary in some members of the Asteraceae.


-merous

From French -mère and its etymon Ancient Greek -μερής (-merḗs, “having (the specified number of) parts”, “sharing”): the combining form of μέρος (méros, “part”)) with the English suffix -ous; compare the English -mer and -mere, as well as the French -mère and the German -mer.

der

(biology, forming adjectives) Having parts of the specified quality.

(chiefly botany and zoology, forming adjectives) Comprising the specified number of parts.


fritillaria

(botany) Any plant in the genus Fritillaria.


rubricose

en-adj

rubricose (comparative more rubricose, superlative most rubricose)

more rubricose (comparative)
most rubricose (superlative)


germinal disk

germinal disks (plural)
germinal disc (alternative)

(biology) a small circular white spot on the surface of the yolk of an egg


germinal disc

(biology) Alternative form of germinal disk


infrageneric

From infra- + generic (“relating to a genus”).

prefix

(taxonomy) Pertaining to division or subclassification within a biological genus of organisms


phytocoenosis

phytocoenoses (plural)
phytocenose (alternative)
phytocoenose (alternative)

(biology) All the plants of a biocenosis


urticaceous

(botany) Of or pertaining to the family Urticaceae, which includes the nettles.


unguligrade

/ʌŋˈɡjuːlɪˌɡɹeɪd/

/ʌŋˈɡjuːləˌɡɹeɪd/

From Latin ungula (“claw, hoof”) + -grade (“means of walking]”) (from Latin gradus). Compare French ongulograde.

It has perhaps not been observed hitherto that the terms Digitigrada, Unguligrada, and Plantigrada fully apply to the Arthropoda, or that the manner in which the animals treat the ground and the corresponding structure of their feet deserve special attention as distinctive characters of classes and orders in this series of the animal kingdom; yet it is so. […] All Crustacea (including the Myriapoda, which merely exhibit the Crustacean type modified for terrestrial life) are Unguligrada; and the same is the case with all larvæ of Insects with complete metamorphosis, and with some of the lower groups of Insects, especially Thysanoura and Siphunculata—the unguligrade Arthropoda being at the same time, with few exceptions, also Solipeda.

1865 March, J. C. Schjödte [i.e., Jørgen Matthias Christian Schiødte], “XXII.—On the Classification of Cerambyces, with Particular Regard to the Danish Fauna. [Translated from the Naturhistorsk Tidsskrift (1864), ser. 3, vol. ii, p. 483.]”, in Prideaux John Selby, Charles C. Babington, John Edward Gray, William Francis, editors, The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, including Zoology, Botany, and Geology, volume XV (3rd series), number 87, London: Printed and published by Taylor and Francis, →OCLC, pages 182–183:

That excessive development of the epidermis which gives rise to a nail takes place, in the Horse, not only upon the dorsal surface of the terminal joint of the digit, but upon its ventral surface and sides, and thus produces a hoof. The animal is supported by these greatly-developed nails, and hence is said to be unguligrade.

1872, Thomas H[enry] Huxley, “The Classification and Organization of the Mammalia”, in A Manual of the Anatomy of Vertebrated Animals, New York, N.Y.: D. Appleton and Company, 549 & 551 Broadway, →OCLC, pages 297–298:

The subjects of this book are the animals I will designate as megaherbivores. […] Such animals have been colloquially designated pachyderms; but a thick skin is a minor feature, and it is their very large body size that sets these few species apart from the numerous smaller species of unguligrade herbivore that occupy a wide variety of terrestrial ecosystems today.

1988, R. Norman Owen-Smith, “Prologue”, in Megaherbivores: The Influence of Very Large Body Size on Ecology (Cambridge Studies in Ecology), Cambridge, New York, N.Y.: Cambridge University Press; 1st paperback edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992, →ISBN, page 1:


unguligrade

/ʌŋˈɡjuːlɪˌɡɹeɪd/

/ʌŋˈɡjuːləˌɡɹeɪd/

Dr. [Philip] Sclater submitted a classification of the Ruminating Artio-dactyls to the Section, in which he separated the Antilocapra from the other Unguligrades.

1866 October, “[The British Association for the Advancement of Science. Meeting at Nottingham, August, 1866.] Biology. (Section D.)”, in James Samuelson, William Crookes, editors, The Quarterly Journal of Science, volume III, London: John Churchill and Sons, New Burlington Street, →OCLC, page 543:

Unguligrades (L. ungula, hoof) have reduced the number of digits present in their limbs. The unguligrade foot makes contact with the ground at the tips of the most distal digits and hooves have replaced claws. Unguligrades include ungulates such as ruminants, horses and pigs.

2010, Seth M. Kisia, “Skeletal System”, in Vertebrates: Structures and Functions (Biological Systems in Vertebrates), Boca Raton, Fla.: CRC Press; Enfield, N.H.: Science Publishers, →ISBN, page 112:

A cheetah is a digitigrade and moves faster than a horse, an unguligrade.

2011, Michael D. Mattesi, “The FORCE Animal”, in Force: Animal Drawing: Animal Locomotion and Design Concepts for Animators, Waltham, Mass., Kidlington, Oxford: Focal Press, →ISBN, page 13:

(zoology) An animal that walks on hooves.


paxillus

(zoology) A kind of pillar-like spine with a flattened summit covered with minute spinules or granules, covering the surface of certain starfishes.


obsoletely

en-adv

obsoletely (comparative more obsoletely, superlative most obsoletely)

more obsoletely (comparative)
most obsoletely (superlative)

(biology) Imperfectly or indistinctly developed.


photocycle

(biochemistry, physics) Any of several biochemical cycles, involving photoactive proteins, that take place in the retina when exposed to light


photocycle

en-verb

photocycle (third-person singular simple present photocycles, present participle photocycling, simple past and past participle photocycled)

photocycles (present singular third-person)
photocycling (participle present)
photocycled (participle past)
photocycled (past)

(biochemistry) To undergo a photochemical cycle


myophosphorylase

glycogen phosphorylase
glycogen phosphorylase

(biochemistry) The muscle isoform of the enzyme glycogen phosphorylase.


scyphus

Borrowed from Latin scyphus (“cup”), from Ancient Greek σκῠ́φος (skŭ́phos).

(botany) The cup of a narcissus, or a similar appendage to the corolla in other flowers.

(lichenology) A cup-shaped stem or podetium in lichens.


consocies

The consocies grows to an average maximum height of 15 feet, the canopy formed being well knit, but allowing entrance to a large percentage of the light.

1927, Forestry Pamphlets. Africa, volume 3, page 171:

These weeds grow in abundance and thrive with notable vigor in these locust stands, but are almost or entirely absent in the consocies of scrub pine, tulip poplar, and in the mixed hardwood forest tending toward the climax type.

1944, Experiment Station Record, volume 90, United States. Office of Experiment Stations, page 482:


McClintock effect

Named after American psychologist Martha McClintock (1947–).

named-after

(biology) The apparent synchronization of menstrual cycles of women who live together in a community without males.


Loch Ness Monster

Loch Ness monster
Loch Ness monster#English

(cryptozoology) Alternative spelling of Loch Ness monster


paramyxovirus

(virology) Any member of the Paramyxoviridae family of negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses responsible for a number of human and animal diseases.


reptant

(chiefly botany, zoology) Creeping along the ground.


pikachurin

Named after Pikachu, a Pokémon character, + -in.

(biochemistry) A dystroglycan-interacting polysaccharide which has an essential role in the precise interactions between the photoreceptor ribbon synapse and the bipolar dendrites.


lacinia

Borrowed from Latin lacinia, the lappet or flap of a garment.

(botany) One of the narrow, jagged, irregular pieces or divisions which form a sort of fringe on the borders of the petals of some flowers.

(botany) A narrow, slender portion of the edge of a monophyllous calyx, or of any irregularly incised leaf.

(zoology) The posterior inner process of the stipes on the maxillae of insects.


DSI

Alongside the nature targets, countries reached a historic agreement to develop a financial mechanism for sharing the benefits from drug discoveries, vaccines and food products that come from digital forms of biodiversity, known as digital sequence information or DSI, after rows about biopiracy in the lead-up to Cop15.

2022 December 19, Patrick Greenfield, Phoebe Weston, “Cop15: historic deal struck to halt biodiversity loss by 2030”, in The Guardian:

digital sequence information
w:digital sequence information

(genetics) Initialism of digital sequence information.


CCV

(cytology) Initialism of clathrin-coated vesicle.


bacule

Atyug (1971) pointed out that the pollen of S. compacta have prominent bacules. The present electron microscopic study, however reveals that those protuberences are spinules and not bacules.

1998, Journal of Palynology, volume 34, numbers 1-4, page 5:

(palynology) A rod-like element on the surface of some pollen.


epicellular

(biology) (of bacteria) Living in close proximity to but not inside the host cell.


stragulum

From Latin stragulum (“a spread or covering”).

der

(zoology) The mantle, or pallium, of a bird.


uroerythrin

(biochemistry) A red pigment (chromophore) associated with the brickdust deposit.


angustate

en-adj

angustate (comparative more angustate, superlative most angustate)

more angustate (comparative)
most angustate (superlative)

From Latin angustatus (“narrowed”), past participle of angustare (“to make narrow”).


convolutive

convolutive (comparative more convolutive, superlative most convolutive)

more convolutive (comparative)
most convolutive (superlative)


physiosemeiosis

(biology) The application of semiotics to the Gaia hypothesis


complanate

complanate (comparative more complanate, superlative most complanate)

more complanate (comparative)
most complanate (superlative)


capno-

From Ancient Greek καπνός (kapnós, “smoke”).


centrophilic

centrophilic (comparative more centrophilic, superlative most centrophilic)

more centrophilic (comparative)
most centrophilic (superlative)

(genetics) (of a chromosome) Tending to cluster near the centre of a mitotic spindle.


ombrophilous

ombrophilous (comparative more ombrophilous, superlative most ombrophilous)

more ombrophilous (comparative)
most ombrophilous (superlative)

äm′bräf·ə·ləs

(biology) Capable of thriving in areas of heavy rainfall


iPSC

The fact that only a small fraction of cells infected with the reprogramming factors form iPSC colonies indicates that direct reprogramming is a stochastic process.

2009, Essentials of stem cell biology, edition 2, Robert Paul Lanza (editor), page 30

One of the most promising routes in this regard is the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) by reprogramming cells.

2010, Michael Roßbach, Manal Hadenfeld, Oliver Brüstle, “Industrial Applications of Stem Cells”, in Kristina Hug, Göran Hermerén, editors, Translational Stem Cell Research: Issues Beyond the Debate, page 91:

ECs Derived from ESC and iPSC

2010, G. Sun et al., edited by Krishnendu Roy, Biomaterials as Stem Cell Niche, page 202:

[...] the propensity of stem cells to form teratoma following transplantation is still another major obstacle in using iPSC for disease therapy.

2011, M. A. Hayat, editor, Stem Cells and Cancer Stem Cells: Therapeutic Applications in Disease and Injury, volume 1, page 10:

The preparation of somatic cells, their reprogramming and the subsequent verification of iPSC pluripotency are laborious, manual processes [....]

2015, Paull, D. et al., "Automated, high-throughput derivation, characterization and differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells", Nature Methods, vol. 12, no. 9, pg. 885 (abstract)

(biology) Initialism of induced pluripotent stem cell.


laesura

(biology) The suture line that shows how spores or grains separated.


flattie

(informal arachnology) A flattie spider, generally in the family Selenopidae, so called because of its flattened, sprawling shape.


multigenus

"Using sequencing data combined with spectral fluorescence imaging, we have discovered a multigenus, highly organized microbial consortium in human dental plaque."

2015, Jessica L. Mark Welcha, Blair J. Rossetti, Christopher W. Rieken, Floyd E. Dewhirsta, Gary G. Borisy, Biogeography of a human oral microbiome at the micron scale:

(biology) consisting of, or related to multiple genera


aedoe-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek αἰδοῖα (aidoîa, “privy parts, pudenda”).

bor

The primitive penis — not to be confused with the aedoeagus — […]

1984, Prolegs, legs and wings of insects: Entomonograph, volume 5, page 83:


bijugate

(botany) Of a compound leaf, having two pairs of leaflets

(botany) Of leaf arrangement, having pairs of (opposite) leaves, spirally arranged, producing a double spiral


rubigo

/ɹuːˈbaɪɡəʊ/

Dr. Darwin supposes that the rubigo which shows itself in a ferruginous powder beneath the leaves of vegetables previously diseased, may be a fungus (like the eurisiphe or mildew)[…]

1804, Annals of agriculture and other useful arts:

(phytopathology, obsolete) rust (fungal disease of plants)


stellio

(zoology, obsolete) The agamid lizard Laudakia stellio.


umbraculum

(botany) Any umbrella-shaped appendage, such as the cap borne on the seta of Marchantia.


uredo

en-noun

uredo (countable and uncountable, plural uredos)

From Latin uredo (“a blast, blight, a burning itch”), from urere (“to burn or scorch”).

bor

(botany, countable) A summer stage in the life history of certain species of rust fungus (Uredinales), regarded at one time as a distinct genus, and preceding the teleutospore, or winter stage.


vesicula

Borrowed from Latin vēsīcula. Doublet of vesicle.

Coordinate term: bulla

(biology, medicine, archaic) Synonym of vesicle (small blister).


plagate

en-adj

plagate (comparative more plagate, superlative most plagate)

more plagate (comparative)
most plagate (superlative)

From plaga + -ate (adjective-forming suffix).

(zoology) Having plagae, or irregular elongated spots of colour.


banana equivalent dose

en-noun

banana equivalent dose (plural banana equivalent doses)

(biology) The radiation dose equivalent of consuming an average banana, equal to 0.01 mrem or 0.1 μSv.


homoeogenesis

From homoe- + -o- + -genesis, from Ancient Greek: ὅμοιος (hómoios, “of like kind”, “similar”) in conjunction with γένεσις (génesis, “origin, beginning, creation”).

(biology) Production of living offspring between organisms belonging to the same species.


homeoblastic

homoeoblastic (alternative)
homœoblastic (alternative)

(biology) Developing from similar tissue.


praecoces

(zoology) Alternative form of precoces (“precocial birds”)


homoeomerous

en-adj

homoeomerous (comparative more homoeomerous, superlative most homoeomerous)

more homoeomerous (comparative)
most homoeomerous (superlative)
homeomerous (alternative)
homœomerous (alternative)

From homoe- (from Ancient Greek ὅμοιος (hómoios, “of like kind”, “similar”)) + -o- + -merous (from Ancient Greek μέρος (méros, “portion”)).

der

(biology) Having similar quantities or variations pertaining to parts of structure.

(mycology) Composed entirely of thread-like hyphae.


gynæcophore

English compound: gynæc- + -o- + -phore: originates from Ancient Greek conjunction: γῠναικο- (gŭnaiko-, “female”) plus -φορος (-phoros, “bearing”).

Diœcious Trematodes are very rare, the most important being the formidable Bilharzia, the male of which is the larger and retains the female in a gyncæcophore, or canal, which is formed by the infolding of the margins of the concave side of the body.

1877, Thomas Henry Huxley, A manual of the anatomy of invertebrated animals, page 202:

(zoology) Receptacle in the bodies of certain male animals (such as schistosomes) in which females may be contained.


coenosarc

coenosarcs (plural)
cœnosarc (alternative)

From coeno- + Ancient Greek σάρξ (sárx).

(zoology) Living body held in common by many organisms included in a composite zoophyte, by which they are in connection with each‐other.


coenoblast

From coen- + o + blast, from Ancient Greek: κοινός (koinós, “common”) + βλαστός (blastós, “germ”).

(zoology) Germinal tissue of Porifera that forms cores or developing mesoderms


apodous

Weevil larvae are apodous; in contrast, most scarab larvae bear six hooklike legs.

Snakes, worms, certain fish, and other limbless creatures are all apodous, while visibly similar creatures (such as millipedes or centipedes) use a different type of movement called a metachronal gait.


-oecious

From Ancient Greek οἰκία (oikía, “house”) + -ous.

affix

(biology) Forms adjectives describing the host of an organism.


paroecious

From Ancient Greek πᾰ́ροικος (pắroikos, “dwelling beside”) + English -ious. By surface analysis, par(a)- + -oecious.

bor

parœcious (alternative)
paroicous (alternative)

(bryology) Having the male and female reproductive organs growing beside or near each other, as in certain cryptogams.


aegid

(zoology) Any of the isopods in the family Aegidae.


coenosteum

en-noun

coenosteum (plural coenosteums or coenostea)

From coen- + o, from Ancient Greek: κοινός (koinós, “common”), + ὀστέον (ostéon, “bone”).

(zoology) The calcareous skeletal ectodermal tissue of a coenosarc


hæmochromogen

From haemo- + chromo- plus gen, from Ancient Greek: αἷμα (haîma, “blood”) combined with χρῶμα (khrôma, “colour”)….

Hæmochromogen in the presence of oxygen quickly undergoes oxidation to the more stable hæmatin.

1900, Henry Pickering Bowditch, An American text-book of physiology, page 37:

(biochemistry) Substance of hemoglobin, from lack of oxygen.


psammophilous

en-adj

psammophilous (comparative more psammophilous, superlative most psammophilous)

more psammophilous (comparative)
most psammophilous (superlative)

Psammophilous plants tend to have adaptations to resist damage from wind-blown sand.

Psammophis, the genus of so-called "sand-snakes", does include several psammophilous species.


arribada

That this week’s arribada came early illustrates the olive ridley’s unpredictability, said Roldán Valverde, a sea turtle biologist from Southeastern Louisiana University.

2015 September 25, Nicholas St. Fleur, “Costa Rica to Shield Sea Turtles”, in New York Times:

(zoology) A mass nesting of marine turtles.


cladoptosis

en-noun

cladoptosis (countable and uncountable, plural cladoptoses)

(botany) The regular shedding of branches by a plant, for clonal reproduction or growth management, or in response to stress.


biosignal

(biology) Any signal (usually electrical in nature) of biological origin


litura

(zoology) A spot growing paler at one end.


obvolute

en-adj

obvolute (comparative more obvolute, superlative most obvolute)

more obvolute (comparative)
most obvolute (superlative)
obvoluted (alternative)

Latin obvolutus, past participle of obvolvere to wrap around.

(botany) Having two opposite leaves, each with one edge overlapping the nearest edge of the other.

(botany) Having a circle of several leaves or petals which overlap in that manner.


photobiophysics

(biology, physics) The branch of biophysics that deals with the interaction of light with biological systems


pulvillus

From Latin pulvillus (“a little cushion”).

(entomology) One of the tiny cushions or pads on the feet of certain insects.


scenopoetic

(biology) Describing ecological variables that do not interact with others, and change very slowly


intermediae

(zoology) The middle pair of tail feathers, or middle rectrices.


sustentaculum

en-noun

sustentaculum (plural sustentacula or sustentaculums)

sustentacula (plural)
sustentaculums (plural)

From Latin sustentaculum; compare sustentate. Attested since the eighteenth century.

The ligamentum talocalcaneum mediale lies obliquely on the medial side of the joint, and consists of fibres which extend from the medial posterior tubercle of the talus to the posterior roughened border of the sustentaculum tali.

1818, Daniel John Cunningham, Cunningham's Textbook of Anatomy, page 355:

While of only moderate size, the sustentaculum is very thick and prominent; its astragalar facet is of irregularly oval shape and nearly plane.

1912, William Berryman Scott, Toxodonta (Reports of the Princeton University Expeditions to Patagonia, 1896-1899), volume 6, page 171:

(anatomy, zoology) A supporting structure, a body part that supports one or more other parts.


ncRNA

(genetics) non-coding RNA (or a segment of it)


non-coding RNA

(genetics) An RNA molecule which is not translated into a protein.


decomposite

en-adj

decomposite (comparative more decomposite, superlative most decomposite)

more decomposite (comparative)
most decomposite (superlative)


discrimen

en-noun

discrimen (plural discrimina or discrimens)

Except for the coxal socket, the most constant landmarks of the subcoxal region are the midventral discrimen, resulting from the meeting of opposite subcoxae whose contiguous margins have been infolded posteriorly to form the sternal apophyses, and the pleural suture extending from the dorsal articulation of the coxa to the pleural wing process.

1944, Charles Duncan Michener, Comparative external morphology, phylogeny, and a classification of the bees (Hymenoptera), page 173:

Mid-ventrally the sternopleurites unite in a suture, the discrimen, whose inflection forms the very high transparent lamella of the discrimen.

1960, Fred A. Urquhart, The monarch butterfly, page 227:

In a number of forms the discrimen appears to bifurcate at its anterior end, as well seen in Odontosphex.

1998, Michael Andrew Prentice, The Comparative Morphology and Phylogeny of Apoid Wasps (Hymenoptera: Apoidea), page 420:

The eusternum may be reduced to form a tiny furcasternum (= to the portion sometimes called the sternellum) or an internal cryptosternum indicated externally by a single median, longitudinal line called the discrimen.

2005, David Grimaldi, Michael S. Engel, Evolution of the Insects, →ISBN, page 121:

(entomology) A visible dividing line where two structures come together.


dissilient

en-adj

dissilient (comparative more dissilient, superlative most dissilient)

more dissilient (comparative)
most dissilient (superlative)

From Latin dissiliens, dissilientis, present participle of dissilire (“to leap asunder”): dis- + salire (“to leap”).

We may, however, notice Impàtiens, merely for the purpose of alluding to the dissilient property of its capsules, which, when ripe, burst with such force as to scatter the seeds to a considerable distance around.

1835, James Main, Illustrations of Vegetable Physiology, […] , second edition, London: Orr and Smith, Paternoster-Row: Bradbury and Evans, Whitefrairs, pages 84–85:

a dissilient pericarp

(chiefly botany, but also in extended use) Forcefully breaking apart or bursting open; primed to do so; dehiscing explosively.


embole

en-noun

embole (countable and uncountable, plural emboles)

(biology) Formation of the gastrula by invagination.


homoiohydric

en-adj

homoiohydric (comparative more homoiohydric, superlative most homoiohydric)

more homoiohydric (comparative)
most homoiohydric (superlative)

(botany) Able to obtain water from the environment through a system of roots (or similar organs) rather than through the surface of leaves etc.


mowyer

Numenius americanus
Numenius americanus#Translingual

(zoology) The long-billed or sickle-billed curlew (Numenius americanus).


jugum

/ˈd͡ʒuː.ɡəm/

Borrowing from Latin jugum (“a yoke, collar; a pair of anything; the summit, ridge”). Doublet of yoke and yuga.

bor

(zootomy) A connecting ridge or projection, especially on a bone.

(entomology) A lobe on the forewing of some moths which interlocks with the hindwing in flight.

(botany) One of the ridges commonly found on the fruit of umbelliferous plants.

(botany) A pair of opposite leaflets of a pinnate plant.


lychnis

(botany) Any of the genus Lychnis of flowering plants.


hymenial

The differentiation of several species mainly relies on differences in the shape of the hymenial algae.

2008, Holger Thüs, Matthias Schultz, Fungi, volume 1, page 126:

(mycology) Of or pertaining to the hymenium of a fungus.


luticolous

en-adj

luticolous (comparative more luticolous, superlative most luticolous)

more luticolous (comparative)
most luticolous (superlative)

luticolous plants; a luticolous reptile

(botany, biology) Living on or in mud or muddy places.


luticole

Certain South-east Asian snakes are luticoles and have a special side-winding gait for moving over muddy surfaces.

(biology, zoology) A creature that lives, feeds, or breeds in muddy places, or even in mud itself.


melibiase

en-noun

melibiase (usually uncountable, plural melibiases)

(biochemistry) A galactosidase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of melibiose into galactose and glucose.


Shine-Dalgarno sequence

Shine-Dalgarno sequence (plural Shine-Dalgarno sequences)

After Australian scientists John Shine and Lynn Dalgarno.

(biochemistry) A ribosomal binding site in the mRNA of prokaryotes.


digyny

(biology) The fertilization of a diploid ovum by a monoploid sperm, resulting in a triploid zygote.


lactoylglutathione lyase

(biochemistry) A glyoxalase enzyme that catalyzes the isomerization of hemithioacetal adducts.


lepospondyl

(zoology) Any member of the Lepospondyli.


nidamental

From Latin nidamentum (“materials for a nest”) + -al.

uder

(zoology) Used to describe an internal organ, in some elasmobranchs and molluscs, that secretes egg cases or the gelatinous covering of eggmass.


phthalyl amidase

(biochemistry) A hydrolase enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction from phthalylamide and water into phthalic acid and substituted amine.


HBC

(veterinary medicine) Initialism of hit by car.


leuenkephalin

PRO, an endogenous opioid itself, is also the precursor of the opiate neuropeptides metenkephalin and leuenkephalin.

2007 December 11, Craig Howard Kinsley, Massimo Bardi, Kate Karelina, Brandi Rima, Lillian Christon, Julia Friedenberg, Garrett Griffin, “Motherhood Induces and Maintains Behavioral and Neural Plasticity across the Lifespan in the Rat”, in Archives of Sexual Behavior, volume 37, number 1, →DOI:

(biochemistry) An endogenous opioid peptide neurotransmitter found naturally in the brains of many animals, including humans; one of the two forms of enkephalin (the other being metenkephalin).


metenkephalin

(biochemistry) An endogenous opioid peptide neurotransmitter found naturally in many parts of the animal and human body; one of the two forms of enkephalin (the other being leuenkephalin)


proenkephalin

en-noun

proenkephalin (countable and uncountable, plural proenkephalins)

Finally, the gene for the opioid-associated precursor, proenkephalin (PRO), likewise displays enhanced expression (4.7-fold difference).

(biochemistry) A precursor of leuenkephalin and metenkephalin.


proopiomelanocortin

proopiomelanocortin (countable and uncountable, plural proopiomelanocortins)

(biochemistry) A precursor polypeptide involved in diverse cellular functions.


siphonostomatoid

(zoology) Any member of the Siphonostomatoida, an order of maxillopods.


skeletomusculature

Given that much of the peripheral body morphology is masculinized by the direct action of androgens, the tfm males have a female-typical bodily phenotype, including a vagina (albeit blind-ending) and a feminine skeletomusculature (Vanderschueren et al., 1993, 1994 ).

2007 December 11, Evelyn F. Field, Sergio M. Pellis, “The Brain as the Engine of Sex Differences in the Organization of Movement in Rats”, in Archives of Sexual Behavior, volume 37, number 1, →DOI:

(biology) The physical structure of skeleton and muscles.


virilize

en-verb

virilize (third-person singular simple present virilizes, present participle virilizing, simple past and past participle virilized)

virilizes (present singular third-person)
virilizing (participle present)
virilized (participle past)
virilized (past)

Although the hormonal abnormalities of CAH are treated shortly after birth, girls with CAH show physical signs of elevated prenatal androgen exposure (e.g., virilized genitalia) and tend to be masculinized along several behavioral dimensions (Berenbaum, 1999).

2007 December 12, David A. Puts, Michael A. McDaniel, Cynthia L. Jordan, S. Marc Breedlove, “Spatial Ability and Prenatal Androgens: Meta-Analyses of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia and Digit Ratio (2D:4D) Studies”, in Archives of Sexual Behavior, volume 37, number 1, →DOI:


LAB

(microbiology, biochemistry) Initialism of lactic acid bacterium.


tickable

(birdwatching) Of a bird, located so that it may be travelled to and viewed.

On landing the dark forms of the jungle fowl could be seen scattering across the airfield, but we were moving too fast for me to get a tickable view.

2005, Sean Dooley, The Big Twitch, Sydney: Allen and Unwin, page 109:

(birdwatching) Of an observation, good enough to ensure correct identification and therefore allow the bird to be added to a list of observed birds.


mobilome

(genetics) The entirety of the mobile (transposable) elements of a genome.


euphorbiaceous

(botany) Belonging to the family Euphorbiaceae of spurges.


maplet

(entomology) Any of various nymphalid butterflies of the genus Chersonesia, having map-like marking on the wings.


SST

en-noun

SST (countable and uncountable, plural SSTs)

(biochemistry) Abbreviation of somatostatin.


floorplate

floorplates (plural)
floor plate (alternative)

(biology) A specialized glial structure integral to the developing nervous system of vertebrate organisms.


primocane

But Courtney Weber, a breeder at Cornell University, is working with Mr. Clark’s primocane selections to develop varieties that could be mown down before winter and fruit the next year.

2007 July 25, David Karp, “At Last, Sweet Blackberries Stay the Course”, in New York Times:

(botany, agronomy) A fruit cane in its first year of growth, especially that of a bramble.


OOA

OOA (countable and uncountable, plural OOAs)

(genetics, paleontology) Initialism of Out of Africa (hypothesis).


puya

From Spanish puya, from Mapudungun puüya.

The puya is a strange form of bromeliad, and the giant species grows ever so slowly for between 30 and 100 years and then sends a flower spike covered in 8000 florets about 9 metres (30 feet) up into the air, like a floral telegraph pole.

2000, Michael Bright, Wild South America, BBC Worldwide, published 2000, page 45:

(botany) A member of the genus Puya of bromeliad plants.


OMT

OMT (countable and uncountable, plural OMTs)

(biology) Initialism of O-MethylTransferase.


gonidium

(lichenology, phycology) A photosynthetic algal cell in the thallus of a lichen; a similar asexual reproductive cell in some algae.


gonidium

(zoology) A special groove or furrow at one or both angles of the mouth of many Anthozoa.


calamistrum

Borrowed from Latin calamistrum (“a curling-iron”).

(zoology) A comb-like structure on the metatarsus of the hind legs of certain spiders (Ciniflonidae), used to curl certain fibres in the construction of their webs.


thermoception

/ˌθɜː(ɹ)məʊˈsɛpʃən/

/ˌθɜː(ɹ)məˈsɛpʃən/

[…] a region which has been shown to be involved in a variety of interoceptive modalities like thermoception, visceral sensations, thirst and hunger.

2006, Fernando Cervero, Handbook of Clinical Neurology, Series 3, Volume 81: Pain, page 251

Aristotle failed to specify proprioception (the sense of how our body parts are positioned in space relative to one another), equilibrioception (the sense of linear acceleration and head position), thermoception (the sense of heat and cold) and nociception (the sense of pain).

2007 August 19, Daniel B. Smith, “Without a Net”, in New York Times:

The frog, with its selective eye for instantly usable information; the pit viper, with its thermoception, which at night can sense the blood temperature of its prey; the common house fly, which equilibrates its flight with two cilia—these have supplied a new species of engineers with models.

2008, Georges Canguilhem, Paola Marrati, Todd Meyers, Knowledge of life, page 175:

(biology) The sense of heat and cold: the ability of humans, and many other organisms, to perceive temperature.


food plant

food plants (plural)
food-plant (alternative)
foodplant (alternative)

I would have eggs or larvae rushed to me here by plane from all over North America, with their foodplants [...].

1969, Vladimir Nabokov, Ada or Ardor, Penguin, published 2011, page 44:

(chiefly entomology) A plant which is a source of food for a given species.


pædogenesis

(chiefly British spelling, biology) Alternative spelling of paedogenesis


hydrostat

(biology) A muscle tissue, composed mostly of water, that maintains a constant volume during contraction.


euryphage

From eury- + -phage, from Ancient Greek εὐρύς (eurús, “wide”) + φαγεῖν (phageîn, “to eat”).

(ecology) Any animal that eats a large variety of food.


bromelain

(biochemistry) Either of two proteolytic enzymes, found in pineapples, that are used as meat tenderizers


robinia

The remarkable feature of the woody planting at Buttes-Chaumont is the ‘profuse use’ of silver-leafed cedars, yellow-leafed robinias and copper-leafed beech trees.

2001, Alan Tate, “Parc des Buttes-Chaumont, Paris”, in Great City Parks, London, New York, N.Y.: Spon Press, published 2003, →ISBN, page 54, columns 1–2:

(botany) Any member of the genus Robinia.


bioresearch

bioresearch (countable and uncountable, plural bioresearches)

(biology) research in any of the biological sciences


cuculid

(zoology) Any of the family Cuculidae of near-passerine birds, the cuckoos.


gynaeceum

gynaeceum (plural gynaeceums or gynaecea)

gynaeceums (plural)
gynaecea (plural)
gynæceum (alternative)
gyneceum (alternative)

From Latin gynaecēum, gynaecīum, from Ancient Greek γυναικεῖον (gunaikeîon), from γυνή (gunḗ, “woman”). By surface analysis, gynaec- + -eum.

The androecium functions by providing the pollen-grains which are necessary to bring about fertilisation of the ovules in the gynaeceum.

1929, Arthur Henry Reginald Buller, Practical Botany, page 205:


primatal

en-adj

primatal (comparative more primatal, superlative most primatal)

more primatal (comparative)
most primatal (superlative)


plethodontid

From scientific Latin Plethodontidae (family name), from Plethodon (genus name), from Ancient Greek πλῆθος (plêthos, “great number”) + ὀδούς (odoús, “tooth”).

der

The family of salamanders known as plethodontids are unusual in many ways.

2007 December 4, Henry Fountain, “Inveterate Wanderer: An Intercontinental Salamander Family”, in New York Times:

In Mark Twain National Forest in Missouri, for example, they are—if you count them by weight—the dominant form of life, with 1400 tonnes of plethodontids lurking in the leaf litter and wetlands of its 600,000 hectares.

2018, Tim Flannery, Europe: The First 100 Million Years, Penguin, published 2019, page 127:

(zoology) Any of the Plethodontidae, a family of lungless salamanders.


XNA

nucleic acid analogue
nucleic acid analogue

xeno nucleic acid
xeno nucleic acid#English

(biochemistry) nucleic acid analogue (nucleic acid analog) ; Initialism of xeno nucleic acid. (backformation) ; X nucleic acid, where "X" is a stand-in for multitude of various nucleic acid acronyms, which are not DNA or RNA


antisteroid

en-adj

antisteroid (comparative more antisteroid, superlative most antisteroid)

more antisteroid (comparative)
most antisteroid (superlative)

(biology, not comparable) Blocking or counteracting steroids.


isognomonid

(zoology) Any of the family Isognomonidae (a synonym of the Pteriidae) of marine bivalve mollusks, related to the pearl oysters.


CAPS

(biochemistry) Initialism of N-cyclohexyl-3-aminopropanesulfonic acid.


lachenalia

“I have 60 different lachenalias, 10 different freesias, 25 moraeas,” Mr. Canning said, naming a few of his beauties, which, mixed in with big pots of camellias, will bloom from now through March.

2008 January 3, Anne Raver, “No Need to Fly South to See Blossoms in Winter”, in New York Times:

(botany) Any of the genus Lachenalia of bulbs.


cabbage white

The name refers to the fact that many butterflies of this genus favor cabbages (among other plants) as host plants for their eggs.

Pieris brassicae
Pieris brassicae#Translingual

(entomology) Any of various largely white butterflies with dark markings in the family Pieridae, especially the species Pieris brassicae, Pieris canidia, and Pieris rapae.


siricid

(zoology) Any of the family Siricidae of horntails, certain woodwasps.


oogamy

Isogamy is considered to be the most primitive and oogamy the most advanced type of sexual reproduction. The evolution from isogamy to oogamy through unisogamy is seen in different groups of the Chlorophyceae. Since oogamy has arisen quite independently in several groups, sometimes even within the limits of a single genus (e.g., Chlamydymonas), not much phylogenetic significance can be attached to it.

1951, Gilbert Morgan Smith, Manual of Phycology: An Introduction to the Algae and Their Biology, Chronica Botanica, page 44:

In the majority. motile zoospores or gametes are formed; sexual processes have evolved independently in various divisions and have included the development of oogamy.

1987, G. Robin South, A. Whittick, An Introduction to Phycology, Wiley, page 1:

Throughout the process of algal and plant evolution, the mode of mating has evolved from isogamy to unisogamy, and, finally, oogamy. While all three types are seen among algae, only oogamy is found among land plants.

2014, Atsushi Sakai, “8: Generative Cells”, in Tetsuko Noguchi, Shigeyuki Kawano, Hirokazu Tsukaya, Sachihiro Matsunaga, Atsushi Sakai, Ichirou Karahara, Yasuko Hayashi, editors, Atlas of Plant Cell Structure, Springer, page 157:

(biology) A form of anisogamy (heterogamy) in which the female gamete (e.g. ovum) is significantly larger than the male gamete (sperm) and is non-motile.

аагамія

a form of anisogamy in which the female gamete is significantly larger than the male gamete and is non-motile


phagostimulatory

phagostimulatory (comparative more phagostimulatory, superlative most phagostimulatory)

more phagostimulatory (comparative)
most phagostimulatory (superlative)

(biology) Stimulating feeding in an organism.


bacopa

Decaying brains, or the fear thereof, have inspired a mini-industry of brain health products — not just supplements like coenzyme Q10, ginseng and bacopa, but computer-based fitter-brain products as well.

2008 May 3, Katie Hafner, “Exercise Your Brain, or Else You’ll ... Uh ...”, in New York Times:

(botany) Any of the genus Bacopa of aquatic plants, the water hyssops.


biotrophy

(botany, mycology) A parasitic relationship in which the parasite feeds on a living host organism without killing it


miraculin

The cause of the reaction is a protein called miraculin, which binds with the taste buds and acts as a sweetness inducer when it comes in contact with acids, according to a scientist who has studied the fruit, Linda Bartoshuk at the University of Florida’s Center for Smell and Taste. Dr. Bartoshuk said she did not know of any dangers associated with eating miracle fruit.

2008 May 28, Patrick Farrell, Kassie Bracken, “A Tiny Fruit That Tricks the Tongue”, in New York Times:

(biochemistry) A natural sugar substitute, a glycoprotein extracted from miracle berry.


-tene

From Ancient Greek ταινία (tainía, “ribbon, band, fillet”).

bor

(biology) Ribbon-like structure; Used to form words relating the structure of chromosomes in meiosis


extremotolerant

en-adj

extremotolerant (comparative more extremotolerant, superlative most extremotolerant)

more extremotolerant (comparative)
most extremotolerant (superlative)

(ecology) Capable of tolerating extreme environmental conditions.


megachilid

(zoology) Any of the family Megachilidae of mostly solitary bees whose scopa is restricted to the ventral surface of the abdomen.


xiphosurid

(zoology) Any member of the order Xiphosura; a horseshoe crab.


secologanin

geranyl pyrophosphate
geranyl pyrophosphate

(biochemistry) A monoterpene synthesized from geranyl pyrophosphate in the mevalonate pathway, then proceeding with dopamine to form ipecac alkaloids.


xylanolysis

(biochemistry) The breakdown of a xylan.


agamid

Bright male colors are exhibited primarily during sexual and aggressive displays in iguanids, agamids, chamaeleonids, gekkonids, lacertids, and teiids.

1992, William E. Dooper, Neil Greenberg, “Reptilian Coloration and Behavior”, in Carl Gans, David Crews, editors, Hormones, Brain, and Behavior, page 398:

Agamids and chamaeleonids are sister-groups, presumably with the chameleons diverging early from an agamid stock. Agamids and chameleons uniquely share an acrodont dentition on the dentary and posterior maxillary.

1993, George R. Zug, Herpetology: An Introductory Biology of Amphibians and Reptiles, page 439:

Whereas Chamaeleonidae and Iguanidae now appear to be monophyletic, Agamidae is not (Macey et al. 1997) because chameleons evolved from agamids, though they have traditionally been excluded (a problem easily resolved by recognizing a clade called Acrodonta, which includes both agamids and chameleons).

2006, Eric R. Pianka, Laurie J. Vitt, Lizards: Windows to the Evolution of Diversity, page 144:

(zoology) Any of the family Agamidae of lizards, including many dragons.


autodegradation

(biology) Degradation of an organ or substance caused by itself.


girus

Blend of giant + virus; coined by J M Claverie, H Ogata, S Audic, C Abergel, K Suhre, P E Fournier, in a 2006 paper in Virus Research (DOI 10.1016/j.virusres.2006.01.008).

nucleocytoplasmic large DNA virus
nucleocytoplasmic large DNA virus

(virology) a type of giant virus, a giant nucleocytoplasmic large DNA virus (giant NCLDV)


NCLDV

nucleocytoplasmic large DNA virus#English

(virology) Initialism of nucleocytoplasmic large DNA virus.


giant virus

(virology) Any virus with more than 300,000 base pairs in its genome (genomic nucleic acid coding).


blens

(UK, dialectal, zoology, archaic) The common cod; codfish

(Cornwall, zoology, archaic) The bib or pout (Trisopterus, or Gadus, luscus), a common fish of the cod family, Gadidae.


heteroreceptor

(biochemistry) A receptor regulating the synthesis and/or release of mediators other than its own ligand.


cephaeline

(biochemistry, pharmacology) An alkaloid that induces vomiting, related to emetine.


superciliary

(zoology) A distinct streak of colour above the eyes, as in some birds.


bombycid

(zoology) Any of the moths of the family Bombycidae.


ziphiid

(zoology) Of, pertaining to, or being a beaked whale.


ziphiid

ziphiids (plural)
ziphioid (alternative)

(zoology) Any of the family Ziphiidae of beaked whales and bottlenose whales.


steapsin

en-noun

steapsin (countable and uncountable, plural steapsins)

(biochemistry) A lipase that is secreted from the pancreas to hydrolyse triglycerides to liberate the fatty acids and glycerol.


Ypresian

From the French ypresien, from Ypres + -ien; equivalent to Ypres + -ian; compare yperite.

(geology, paleontology) A subdivision of the Eocene epoch


zoocytium

zoocytia (plural)
zoöcytium (alternative)

(zoology) The common support, often branched, of certain kinds of social infusoria.


hexacoral

(zoology) Any of the subclass Hexacorallia of water-based organisms formed of colonial polyps generally with sixfold symmetry.


zoochlorella

zoochlorellae (plural)
zoöchlorella (alternative)

(zoology) Any green algae that lives symbiotically within the body of an aquatic invertebrate or a protozoan.


zona radiata

(biology) A radiately striated membrane situated next to the yolk of an ovum, or separated from it by a very delicate membrane only.


zooecium

From New Latin zōoecium, from Ancient Greek ζῷον (zôion, “animal”) + οἶκος (oîkos, “house”).

(zoology) One of the cells or tubes which enclose the feeding zooids of Bryozoa.

zoeci

One of the cells which enclose the zooids of Bryozoa


melanogenesis

melanogenesis (countable and uncountable, plural melanogeneses)

(biochemistry) The production of melanin in human skin


dopamelanin

(biochemistry) A form of melanin that is a mixed copolymer of polyacetylene, polyaniline, and polypyrrole.


dopaquinone

(biochemistry) A compound involved in melanin production.


neotenin

Moreover, as we shall see, evidence has accumulated to show that this hormone brings about suppression of adult characters by favouring the differentiation of larval characters. It has therefore been called fore preference the 'juvenile hormone'. If a Greek term is preferred it might be called 'neotenin'.

1954, F. W. Wrigglesworth, The Physiology of Insect Metamorphosis:

Neotenin, also known as the juvenile hormone, is secreted by the corpora allata.

1974, Dennis William Wood, Principles of Animal Physiology, page 318:

“Bound” neotenin should be readily “given up” to “acceptor” molecules, but the authors found evidence that it was to a considerable degree protected from attack by neotenin-specific esterases in the haemolymph; it was surmised that such proteins might play an important part in regulating the action of the hormone.

2013, R. A. Crowson, The Biology of the Coleoptera, page 201:

(entomology) A juvenile hormone, present in insects, which ensures growth of the larva while preventing metamorphosis.


juvenile hormone

juvenile hormone (plural juvenile hormones)

juvenile hormones (plural)
JH (alternative)

(biochemistry) Any of a group of sesquiterpene hormones that regulate insect physiology by preventing metamorphosis during moults.


dambonite

(biochemistry, archaic) A white crystalline sugary substance obtained from an African caoutchouc.


postical

antical

antonym(s) of “of side away from substrate”

From Latin postīcus (“posterior, hinder”).

(botany) Of or pertaining to the surface of a prostrate thallus that is oriented towards the substrate.


antical

The antical margin is entire, the apex is usually tipped with a single acuminate tooth, although a second smaller tooth is sometimes present at the antical base of the apical tooth, or the apex may even be subequally bispinose.

1914, Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, page 593:

(botany) Of or pertaining to the surface of a prostrate thallus that is oriented away from the substrate.


bifoliolate

(botany) Having two leaflets, as some compound leaves do.


dyspeptone

dyspeptone (countable and uncountable, plural dyspeptones)

(biochemistry, archaic) An insoluble albuminous body formed from casein and other proteid substances by the action of gastric juice.


turdid

(zoology) Any of the family Turdidae of passerine birds; a thrush


hydroxypregnenolone

(biochemistry) A steroid obtained by hydroxylation of pregnenolone.


papionine

(zoology) Of or pertaining to the monkey tribe Papionini.


papionine

(zoology) Any member of the monkey tribe Papionini.


ecostate

Borrowed from New Latin ecostatus, ecostata.

(botany, of a leaf) Having no ribs or nerves.


heparinoid

(biochemistry) Any of a class of glycosaminoglycans derived from heparin


intergenetic

interspecific and intergenetic hybridization

(biology) Pertaining to multiple genera.

My own intuition is that beneficial genetic mutations do not emerge merely as random errors in genetic copying but emerge inevitably when the optimum intergenetic and thermodynamic conditions

2010, Christina Anne Knight, The Short Range Anti-Gravitational Force and The Hierarchically Stratified Space-Time Geometry in 12 Dimensions, Xlibris Corporation, →ISBN, page 12:

The characteristic diversity of the hypertrophic CMP phenotype is attributable to the intergenetic heterogeneity (with a variety of mutations encoding protein components of the cardiac sarcomere)

2012, Ziad Issa, John M. Miller, Douglas P. Zipes, Clinical Arrhythmology and Electrophysiology: A Companion to Braunwald's Heart Disease: Expert Consult: Online and Print, Elsevier Health Sciences, →ISBN, page 618:

In addition, H3S10ph associates to the 26S and 18S rDNA transcriptional units but is excluded from the non-transcribed intergenetic space (Granot et al. 2009).

2014, Raúl Alvarez-Venegas, Clelia De la Peña, Juan Armando Casas-Mollano, Epigenetics in Plants of Agronomic Importance: Fundamentals and Applications: Transcriptional Regulation and Chromatin Remodelling in Plants, Springer, →ISBN, page 57:

(biology) Of or pertaining to multiple genes.


tortricid

(zoology) Any moth of the family Tortricidae


algological

(botany) Of or pertaining to algology (the study of algae).


alpha-d-galactosidase

(biochemistry) Any galactosidase that only hydrolyzes the alpha-d configuration of galactosides; a deficiency of this enzyme can lead to Fabry's disease


amplectant

en-adj

amplectant (comparative more amplectant, superlative most amplectant)

more amplectant (comparative)
most amplectant (superlative)

(botany) That clasps a support, especially by twining around it


quinquenerved

(botany, rare) Having five nerves; said of a leaf with five nearly equal nerves or ribs rising from the end of the petiole.


quadrijugate

(botany) Pinnate, with four pairs of leaflets.


quinate

First attested in 1760. From the post-Classical Latin quīnātus, from the distributive numeral quīnī (“five each”, “five at a time”); compare binate, ternate, and quaternate, as well as the French quiné.

They are termed Binate, Ternate, or Quinate, growing two, three, or five together, according to the number of Folioles, of which the digitate Leaf consists.

1760, James Lee, An Introduction to Botany, Containing an Explanation of the Theory of That Science, and an Interpretation of Its Technical Terms, Extracted from the Works of Linnæus, book 3, chapter 6, page 183:

(botany, of a compound leaf) Featuring five leaflets growing from a single point; quinquefoliolate.


quadrivalve

a quadrivalve pericarp

(botany) dehiscent into four similar parts; four-valved


quinquefid

From Latin quinquefidus, variant of quinquifidus, from quinque (“five”) + -fidus, from findere (“to split”). Equivalent to quinque- + -fid.

a quinquefid leaf
a quinquefid corolla

(botany) Sharply cut about halfway to the middle or base into five segments.


unipennate

We applied this method to the proximal aponeurosis of the unipennate medial gastrocnemius muscle (MG) of the cat during active force production at fixed muscle length.

1998, E. J. Brill, Netherlands Journal of Zoology, volume 48, page 324:

The most distal region of the muscle was again unipennate, with fibers oriented between the posterior aponeurosis and the anterior surface of the muscle (Fig. 1D,E).

2006, Journal of Morphology, volume 267, Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, page 593:

Although only one component of the muscle fiber force is used effectively to move the tendon, the advantage of the unipennate muscle system is that an increased number of sarcomeres can be placed in parallel to increase the effective force of the muscle (figure 2.19).

2008, William Charles Whiting, Ronald F. Zernicke, Biomechanics of Musculoskeletal Injury, 2nd edition, page 44:

(medicine, anatomy, zoology) Of, pertaining to, or having the nature of a muscle, the parallel fibres of which attach to a tendon at an acute angle (as a feather that is barbed on one side).


NEMO

(biochemistry) Initialism of NF-kappa-B essential modulator.


haemorrhagia

hæmorrhagia (alternative)
hemorrhagia (alternative)

(zoology) A former genus, Haemorrhagia, of moths belonging to the family Sesiidae, now placed in genus Hemaris in Sphingidae.


quinquefarious

From Latin quīnque (“five”) +ferō (“carry, bear”).

(botany, rare) Arranged in five vertical rows.


quadrifarious

(botany) Arranged in four rows or ranks.


polysomatic

polysomatic (comparative more polysomatic, superlative most polysomatic)

more polysomatic (comparative)
most polysomatic (superlative)

(genetics) Having both polyploid and diploid cells in the same tissue


polynucleolar

polynucleolar (comparative more polynucleolar, superlative most polynucleolar)

more polynucleolar (comparative)
most polynucleolar (superlative)

(biology) Having multiple nucleoli (in a nucleus)


quinquefoliate

(botany) Having five leaves or leaflets.


quinquevalve

Sundew. Calyx quinquefid, five stamina, five styles, capsule unilocular, quinquevalve at the top, polyspermous.

1777, Stephen Robson, The British flora, page 105:

The quinquevalve shell with its inhabitant, hangs by a fleshy gut-like tube […]

1825, Johann Friedrich Blumenbach, Richard Thomas Gore, A manual of the elements of natural history, page 252:


submental

(entomology, relational) Under the mentum; pertaining to the submentum.


subregnum

en-noun

subregnum (plural subregnums or subregna)


superregnum

superregnum (plural superregnums or superregna)

superregnums (plural)
superregna (plural)

From Latin above and rēgnum (“kingdom”).

(biology, taxonomy) A rank in the classification of organisms: a superkingdom or domain.


nasicornous

[S]ome Unicornes wee will allow even among inſects, as thoſe foure kinds of naſicornous Beetles described by Muffetus.

1646, Thomas Browne, “Of Unicornes hornes”, in Pseudodoxia Epidemica: […], London: […] T[homas] H[arper] for Edward Dod, […], →OCLC, 3rd book, page 166:

A striking species of nasicornous beetle, reminding us of the giants of the tropics, is Xylotrupes dichotomus L., which appears to be distributed over the entire monsoon district.

1884, Johannes Justus Rein, Japan: Travels and Researches Undertaken at the Cost of the Prussian Government, page 201:

The Museum of Natural History of Paris possesses among its many curiosities a horned, or nasicornous, viper, specimens of which are very rare. […] The two horns that project above the nostrils have caused this reptile to be called “nasicornous.”

1893 February 16, “A Horned Reptile. Curious and Brilliant Snake Which Inhabits the West Coast of Africa.”, in William Hyde, Charles W[illiam] Penrose, editors, The Salt Lake Herald, volume XLVII, number 221, Salt Lake City, Ut.: The Herald Publishing Co., →ISSN, →OCLC, page 6, column 2:

(zoology, rare) Bearing a horn, or horns, on the nose, as the rhinoceros does.


naticoid

en-adj

naticoid (comparative more naticoid, superlative most naticoid)

more naticoid (comparative)
most naticoid (superlative)

(zoology) Resembling or belonging to the genus Natica of moon snails.


naticoid

(zoology) Any creature resembling or belonging to the genus Natica.


amphidisc

(zoology) A small siliceous spicule having a denticulate wheel at each end, found in freshwater sponges.


amphopeptone

en-noun

amphopeptone (countable and uncountable, plural amphopeptones)

(biochemistry) A product of gastric digestion, a mixture of hemipeptone and antipeptone.


arenaviral

en-adj

arenaviral (comparative more arenaviral, superlative most arenaviral)

more arenaviral (comparative)
most arenaviral (superlative)

(virology) Of or pertaining to arenaviruses.


polysperm

(botany) A tree whose fruit contains many seeds.


polyspermic

(biology) Of or pertaining to polyspermy


polyommatous

From poly- + Ancient Greek ὄμμα (ómma, “eye”) + -ous.

(biology) Having many eyes or eye-like organs.


polysporangium

(botany) A sporangium that contains many spores

(botany) A sporangium that contains polyspores


polysporous

(botany) Having or producing many spores


polyspory

(botany) when more than 4 pollen grain are attached in a tetrad


quintate

First attested in verbal use in 1812, in adjectival use in 1851, and in nominal use in 1889; from the Classical Latin quīntus (“fifth”); in the verbal sense after decimate, and in the botanic senses by mistaken analogy with ternate.

Potentilla Reptans, Cinquefoil, a…European herb, with leaves which are usually quintate, and have thus given origin to the ordinary name of the plant.

1851, “The Dispensatory of the United States of America” (9th ed.), quoted in the Journal of Materia Medica XIV (1875), page 49

The radical leaves…are ternate or quintate, with lobed and dentate leaflets.

1880, Lucius Elmer Sayre, Conspectus of Organic Materia Medica and Pharmacal Botany, page 127:

The large quintate leaves constitute a luxuriant, glossy green foliage.

1882, Vick’s Monthly Magazine, V, page 167:

Leaves 1-2-pinnate or ternate- or quintate-pinnate, the ultimate divisions remote, linear, 1–5 cm long.

1952, Ray Joseph Davis, Flora of Idaho, page 515:


quintate

As to radiates, these are ternates and quintates, two in number,
From among which we “plucked the four-leaf clover.”

1889, Report of Proceedings … at the … Annual Meeting …, ? X-XVI, page 193:

(botany, rare) Misconstruction of quinate.


strig

(botany) A pedicel or footstalk, especially of a flowering or fruit-bearing plant, such as the currant.


xantusiid

(zoology) Any of the family Xantusiidae of night lizards.


pseudofaeces

(biology) Particles rejected by a mollusk as unsuitable for food and expelled without passing through the digestive tract.


cucullus

(botany) A hood-shaped organ, resembling a cowl or monk's hood, as of certain concave and arched sepals or petals.

(zoology) A colour marking or structure on the head somewhat resembling a hood.


matricaria

(botany) Any of the plants in the genus Matricaria.


extensin

“A few years ago, we began to study the protein extensin, a natural antifreeze found in carrots, which prevents the carrots from developing ice crystals in the ground.

2009 February 5, Camille Sweeney, “It’s Cold and Your Skin Is Suffering. So What Are You Doing to Moisturize?”, in New York Times:

(biochemistry) Any of a family of flexuous, rod-like, hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins (HRGPs) of the plant cell wall.


epibranchial

1920, Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, Volumes 8-9, Royal Society of South Africa, page 92,
According to T. J. Parker, they probably represent the epibranchial region of the second branchial arch, and Beddard also refers them to the same arch.

We demonstrate that in the chick head, integration between the epibranchial placodes and the hindbrain is achieved as the neuroglial hindbrain crest cells guide the epibranchial neuronal cells inward to establish their central connections.

2001 October 19, Jo Begbie, Anthony Graham, “Integration Between the Epibranchial Placodes and the Hindbrain”, in Science, volume 294, number 5542, →DOI, pages 595–598:

(zoology, fish anatomy, embryology) Of or pertaining to a segment, below (more ventral than) the pharyngobranchial segment and above (more dorsal than) the ceratobranchial segment, on either side of a branchial arch (in a fish) or of a pharyngeal arch (in the embryo of a vertebrate).

epibranchial

pertaining to a particular segment of a branchial arch or of a pharyngeal arch


epibranchial

The fourth and fifth epibranchials of other genera have the same tendency as these clupeids and salmonids.

1969, Gunnar Bertmar, B. G. Kapoor, Robert Victor Miller, “Epibranchial Organs in Lower Teleostean Fishes-An Example of Structural Adaptation”, in William J. L. Felts, Richard J. Harrison, editors, International Review of General and Experimental Zoology, Volume 4, Academic Press, page 41:

In the place where Howes's (1985b) fig. 9 identifies epibranchial 4, our Gonorynchus specimen has both epibranchials 4 and epibranchial 5, not in contact except at their dorsal fusion and ventral articulation, as illustrated in Monad (1963, fig. 40) (epibranchial 5 identified as "cartilage semilunaire").

1996, Sarah V. Fink, William L. Fink, “Chapter 11: Interrelationships of Ostariophysan Fishes (Teleostei)”, in Melanie L.J. Stiassny, Lynne R. Parenti, G. David Johnson, editors, Interrelationships of Fishes, Academic Press, page 231:

Branchial abductors move the epibranchials apart, opening the gill slits.

2000, Stephen M. Deban, David B. Wake, “Chapter 3: Aquatic Feeding in Salamanders”, in Kurt Schwenk, editor, Feeding: Form, Function and Evolution in Tetrapod Vertebrates, Academic Press, page 74:

(zoology, fish anatomy) An epibranchial cartilage or bone.


subrace

“The people in the south treat the northeast as a subrace of Brazilians,” said Roberto Quiñiero, who owns a small food market in Pedreiras.

2009 May 18, Alexei Barrionuevo, “Little Relief Expected for Flood-Ravaged Brazil”, in New York Times:

(taxonomy) A secondary or subsidiary race.


phaseoliform

phaseoliform (comparative more phaseoliform, superlative most phaseoliform)

more phaseoliform (comparative)
most phaseoliform (superlative)

From Latin phaseolus (“bean (diminutive)”) + -iform. See Latin phaselus (“bean”).

(chiefly mycology, of a spore) Shaped like a bean; like a bent ellipsoid.


lincRNA

en-noun

lincRNA (countable and uncountable, plural lincRNAs)

(biology) long intergenic non-coding RNA


piRNA

piwi-interacting RNA
piwi-interacting RNA#English

(genetics) Abbreviation of piwi-interacting RNA.


mitrate

From a substantivation of the above adjective through the associated taxon's name (Mitrata). Equivalent to mitre + -ate (noun-forming suffix).

(paleontology) One of an extinct group of stem group echinoderms.


syngenetic

(genetics) Of, pertaining to, or arising from syngenesis


syngenesis

(genetics) The genetic origin of an individual derived from material from both parents (by sexual reproduction).

Coordinate term: epigenesis

(historical, biology) The theory that the germ formed by the union of spermatozoon and ovum contains the germs of all future generations.


X-linked

(genetics) Associated with the X chromosome.


antiauxin

Thus it has been found that the inhibitory effect of late autumn growth on spring shoots could be overcome by the application of antiauxins like maleic hydrazide and 2, 3, 5-tri-iodobenzoic acid[…]

1962, Indian journal of plant physiology, volumes 5-7:

(biochemistry) Any substance that inhibits auxin by competing for the same receptors.


paucispecific

(chiefly taxonomy) Having or composed of few species.


monogeneric

(taxonomy) Containing only one known genus.


antipetalous

(botany) Alternative form of antepetalous


crassulacean

His description of crassulacean acid metabolism, wherein cacti, yuccas, agaves and sedums open their stomata at night when it’s cooler in order to “bind carbon dioxide on special molecules much like we bind oxygen on hemoglobin in our blood” had me on edge for hours.

2009 May 31, Dominique Browning, “Gardening Books”, in New York Times:

(botany) Of or pertaining to the family Crassulaceae of dicotyledons.

crassuláceo

of or pertaining to the family Crassulaceae of dicotyledons


epicœle

In the cerebellum the thickening takes place to such an extent that the epicœle is usually obliterated altogether.

1921, Thomas Jeffery Parker, William Aitcheson Haswell, A Text‐Book of Zoology, volume II, Macmillan and Co., page 97:

(zoology) A perivisceral cavity made by an invagination of an ectoderm.


umbelliform

en-adj

umbelliform (comparative more umbelliform, superlative most umbelliform)

more umbelliform (comparative)
most umbelliform (superlative)


zootype

From zoo- + type. In the biological sense, by analogy with phylotype.

(biology) A proposed archetype of the form of all animals, based not on a shared body plan but on conserved molecular homologies.


osmunda

From Medieval Latin osmunda (“royal fern”). Compare osmund.

The fair Osmunda seeks the silent dell, / The ivy canopy, and dripping cell […].

1789, Erasmus Darwin, The Loves of the Plants, J. Johnson, page 11:

Osmunda regalis
Osmunda regalis#Translingual

(botany) A fern of the genus Osmunda, especially the royal fern, Osmunda regalis.


paludicole

paludicole (comparative more paludicole, superlative most paludicole)

more paludicole (comparative)
most paludicole (superlative)

From Latin palūs (“marsh”) + -cole. Compare French paludicole.

The species are strictly paludicole[…]

1892, Elliott Coues, Key to North American birds:

(zoology) Paludicolous; inhabiting marshes.


gekkonid

Non-gekkotans and non-gekkonid gekkotans were used as outgroups and/or in establishing calibrations for the timetree analysis ....

2013 January 8, Aaron M. Bauer et al., “A preliminary phylogeny of the Palearctic naked-toed geckos (Reptilia: Squamata: Gekkonidae) with taxonomic implications”, in Zootaxa, volume 3599, number 4, page 306:

(zoology) Any member of the family Gekkonidae, the largest family of geckos.


pygopodid

/ˈpaɪɡəʊˌpɒdɪd/

(zoology) Any member of the family Pygopodidae, the legless lizards.


penstemon

Simpleton, life should really be a piece of Entenmann's / Relationships strengthening, flower essence: penstemon

2004, “Guinnesses”, in Mm..Food, performed by MF Doom ft. Angelika & 4-IZE:

Stalks of salvias and mint, artemisia and penstemon.

2009 June 12, Dwight Garner, “Living Off the Land, Surrounded by Asphalt”, in New York Times:

(botany) Any plant of the genus Penstemon, the beardtongues.


uricase

en-noun

uricase (countable and uncountable, plural uricases)

(biochemistry) urate oxidase, an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of uric acid to 5-hydroxyisourate.


rheotaxis

rheotaxis (usually uncountable, plural rheotaxes)

(biology) movement in response to a current (of water or air)


Papuasia

(biogeography) An area centered on New Guidea, bound by the Lydekker Line on the west (thus including the Aru Islands) and extending through the Solomon Islands archipelago in the east.


phylloclade

(botany) A flattened stem, a type of cladode that has unlimited extension growth and resembles a leaf.


chebulic acid

Terminalia chebula
Terminalia chebula#Translingual

(biochemistry) A phenolic acid compound isolated from the ripe fruits of Terminalia chebula.


pileipellis

pileipellis (countable and uncountable, plural pileipelles)

(mycology) The uppermost layer of hyphae in the pileus of a fungal fruit body.


vasiform

en-adj

vasiform (comparative more vasiform, superlative most vasiform)

more vasiform (comparative)
most vasiform (superlative)

(biology) Having the form of a vessel or duct.

vasiform tissue


pennatula

en-noun

pennatula (plural pennatulas or pennatulae)

(zoology) Any of numerous species of Pennatula, Pteroides, and allied genera of Alcyonaria, having a feather-like form; a sea pen.


kinetogenesis

From kineto- + genesis, coined by Edward Drinker Cope.

(biology, historical) The neo-Lamarckian doctrine or hypothesis that animal structures have been produced, directly or indirectly, by animal movements.


xenopid

Concerning this latter point, however, it should be recalled that the xenopid larvae are equally microphagous and yet their manicotto structure is essentially of the ranid type.

1961, Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London: Volume 137:

On the tails of some tadpoles the melanophores which were scattered on the surface of the body are visible, in the same way as in the tadpoles of the xenopids.

1972, Zdeněk V. Špinar, Tertiary frogs from Central Europe:

(zoology) Any of the genus Xenopus of clawed frogs.


minicell

Both Dr. Hoffman’s method and the minicells, in different ways, revisit these old observations.

2009 June 29, Nicholas Wade, “New Cancer Treatment Shows Promise in Testing”, in New York Times:

(biology) An achromosomal cell resulting from aberrant cell division, containing RNA and protein but little or no chromosomal DNA.


antisepalous

(botany) Alternative form of antesepalous


volvox

From translingual Volvox, from Latin volvō (“to roll”).

(microbiology) Any of the genus Volvox of chlorophytes.


dasyclad

(zoology) Any of the order Dasycladales of green algae.


receptaculitid

(zoology) A probably benthic marine calcareous dasyclad known only from fossils.


semiobscure

(zoology) Of the wings of insects: deeply tinged with brownish-grey, but semitransparent.


ichthyolite

(obsolete, paleontology) A fossil of a fish.


genus name

Holonyms: species name (the binomial unit), binominal name, binomial name

(taxonomy) The scientific name of a genus, which is always capitalized and italicized.


estratetraenol

For women, a commonly used compound is estratetraenol, a derivative of the sex hormone estradiol.

2009 July 30, Camille Sweeney, “Banking on a Chemical Reaction”, in New York Times:

(biochemistry) A derivative of the sex hormone estradiol.


onychectomy

A good example of the potential discrepancy between human and feline goals is onychectomy, or declawing.

2015, Ilona Rodan, Sarah Heath, editors, Feline Behavioral Health and Welfare, Elsevier Health Sciences, →ISBN, page 17:

(veterinary medicine) Surgically remove the distal phalange of each digit of the forefeet of a cat.


melanophilin

(genetics) A carrier protein that encodes a member of the exophilin subfamily of Rab effector proteins.


noncrossover

The 10 brown offspring constitute only one-half of the offspring produced by noncrossover maternal gametes. Therefore, we estimate that 10 of the white individuals were also produced by noncrossover maternal gametes.

2002, Susan L. Elrod, William D. Stansfield, Schaum's outline of theory and problems of genetics:


antiterminate

en-verb

antiterminate (third-person singular simple present antiterminates, present participle antiterminating, simple past and past participle antiterminated)

antiterminates (present singular third-person)
antiterminating (participle present)
antiterminated (participle past)
antiterminated (past)

(genetics) To override the termination of DNA transcription.


corydaline

en-noun

corydaline (usually uncountable, plural corydalines)

(biochemistry) A bioactive isoquinoline alkaloid.


antiacetylcholinesterase

(biochemistry) That inhibits acetylcholinesterase.


antiacetylcholinesterase

(biochemistry) Any substance that inhibits acetylcholinesterase.


eucyclic

(botany) Having a trimerous pentacyclic floral structure.


epifamily

(taxonomy) A rank between family and superfamily.


anaplerosis

anaplerosis (countable and uncountable, plural anapleroses)

From Ancient Greek ἀνά (aná, “up”) + πλήρωσις (plḗrōsis), from πληρόω (plēróō, “to fill”) + -σῐς (-sĭs).

(biochemistry) An intermediate enzyme reaction that replaces a depleted vital compound.


primine

In the seed these membranes are called by various names, of which the most frequently used are spermoderm or testa for the primine; mesosperm, for the secondine; and endopleura for the other.

1835, John Lindley, A Key to Structural, Physiological, and Systematic Botany, Longman et al. (publishers), page 35:

(botany) The outermost integument of an ovule (if it has two)


myelopoiesis

/ˌmaɪələpɔɪˈiːsɪs/

(biology, broad definition) The production of the bone marrow and of all cells arising from it.

(biology, narrow definition) The regulated formation of myeloid cells.


PNP

PNP (countable and uncountable, plural PNPs)

purine nucleoside phosphorylase
w:purine nucleoside phosphorylase

(biochemistry) Initialism of purine nucleoside phosphorylase.


anticatabolite

(biochemistry) Any substance that inhibits catabolism


PEP

PEP (countable and uncountable, plural PEPs)

(biochemistry) Initialism of phosphoenolpyruvate.


precell

(biochemistry) A hypothetical ancestral entity percursing complete cells.


julaceous

en-adj

julaceous (comparative more julaceous, superlative most julaceous)

more julaceous (comparative)
most julaceous (superlative)


amentaceous

amentaceous (comparative more amentaceous, superlative most amentaceous)

more amentaceous (comparative)
most amentaceous (superlative)

The chestnut has an amentaceous inflorescence.

(botany) Bearing, resembling, or consisting of an ament or aments.


jelerang

(zoology, archaic) A large squirrel of Java and Southern Asia.


dermochelyid

Loss of scutes (and corresponding loss of sucli^([sic]) on the underlying shell plates) is widely regarded as a derived condition that has occurred independently in trionychids, advanced carettochelyids (Carettochelyidae), and derived sea turtles such as dermochelyids and protostegids (e.g., Meylan 1988; Hirayama and Chitoku 1996).

2012, Donald B. Brinkman, editor, Morphology and Evolution of Turtles:

(zoology) Any of the family Dermochelyidae of marine turtles.


dasyurine

dasyurine (comparative more dasyurine, superlative most dasyurine)

more dasyurine (comparative)
most dasyurine (superlative)

(zoology) Resembling or pertaining to the dasyures.


rypophagous

From Ancient Greek ῥύπος (rhúpos, “filth”) + -phagous.

rypophagous beetles


ERM

ERM protein family
ERM protein family#English

(biochemistry) Ellipsis of ERM protein family.


ERM

(biochemistry) Abbreviation of ezrin-radixin-moesin.


prelocalization

(biology) The original localization of structures in an unsegmented embryo that become specific organs in the adult


graff

(botany, archaic) Alternative form of graft


graff

en-verb

graff (third-person singular simple present graffs, present participle graffing, simple past and past participle graffed)

graffs (present singular third-person)
graffing (participle present)
graffed (participle past)
graffed (past)

Truly, said Pantagruel, if I live to go home--which I hope will be speedily, God willing--I'll set off and graff some in my garden in Touraine, by the banks of the Loire, and will call them bon-Christian or good-Christian pears, for I never saw better Christians than are these good Papimans.

1653-1694, Thomas Urquhart, Peter Anthony Motteux, Gargantua and Pantagruel, translation of original by Francois Rabelais, Book IV:

For where men look for fruit they graff the tree, And study still the rising plant to train; And artist uses to refine the gold Designed by him the precious gem to hold.

1823, William Stewart Rose, Orlando Furioso, translation of original by Ludovico Ariosto:


renette

From Latin rēnes (“the kidneys, reins”) + -ette (“small”).

af

(nematology) A specialized excretory cell in some nematode worms.


islets of Langerhans

en-noun

islets of Langerhans pl (normally plural, singular islet of Langerhans)

Translating French îlots de Langerhans; named after Paul Langerhans, the German anatomist who discovered these regions in the pancreas.

Edward Sharpey-Schäfer determined that the substance necessary for carbohydrate metabolism was produced in the Islets of Langerhans, naming this new substance ‘insuline’ after the Latin insula (island).

1997, Roy Porter, The Greatest Benefit to Mankind, Folio Society, published 2016, page 545:

(anatomy, biology) Distinctive regions of tissue in the pancreas, which contain its endocrine cells.


disaccharidase

Lactase is a disaccharidase that breaks down lactose into glucose and galactose.

(biochemistry) Any of a class of glycoside hydrolases, enzymes that break down disaccharides into monosaccharides


propeptone

propeptone (countable and uncountable, plural propeptones)

(biochemistry) A product of gastric digestion intermediate between albumin and peptone, identical with hemialbumose.


typolite

From Ancient Greek τύπος (túpos, “impression”) + -lite.

der

(paleontology, obsolete, uncommon) A stone or fossil bearing impressions of plants and animals.


dyslysin

(biochemistry, dated) A resinous substance formed in the decomposition of cholic acid of bile.


baculite

The shell of a baculite was quite simply straight—an unexpected throwback to the early days of cephalopods.

2017, Danna Staaf, Squid Empire, ForeEdge, →ISBN, page 89:

(paleontology) Any of the genus †Baculites of extinct cephalopod heteromorph ammonites.


var.

Some of these roses and other exotic spp. are the parents of our cultivated roses—tea roses, hybrid perpetuals, climbers, ramblers etc.—over 5000 vars. having been named.

1956, Arthur Harmount Graves, “Ròsa—Rose”, in Illustrated Guide to Trees and Shrubs : A Handbook of the Woody Plants of the Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada, revised edition, New York: Dover Publications, published 1992, page 146:

(botany, taxonomy) Abbreviation of variety.


superexpression

en-noun

superexpression (countable and uncountable, plural superexpressions)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-superexpression.wav


ptychopariid

(paleontology) Any trilobite of the order Ptychopariida.


prestin

Coined in 2000 from the musical term presto (meaning fast) because of the speed of the protein.

(biochemistry) A protein in the hairs of the inner ear


chrysolaminarin

(biochemistry) A storage polysaccharide typically found in photosynthetic heterokonts.


homonomy

homonomy (countable and uncountable, plural homonomies)

(biology) The state of being homonomous.


homostyled

Several genera include both heterostyled (dimorphic or trimorphic forms) and homostyled species

1876, Charles Darwin, The Effects of Cross and Self Fertilisation in the Vegetable Kingdom:

(botany) Having only one form of pistils; said of the flowers of some plants.


hysterophyte

From New Latin hysterophȳtum, from Ancient Greek ὑστέρα (hustéra, “womb, figuratively the earth”) + φῡτόν (phūtón, “plant”). By surface analysis, hystero- + -phyte.

der

(botany) A plant or fungus that lives on dead or living organic matter.


lardacein

(biochemistry) A protein found in tissues affected with amyloid degeneration. It is insoluble in nearly all reagents, is not acted upon by gastric juice, and is not readily subject to putrefaction.


larine

(zoology) Of or pertaining to the gull family, Laridae.


antimerism

(biology) The division of the body into antimeres.


antimeric

(biology) Of or pertaining to antimeres.


cyclol

(biochemistry) Any of a group of cyclic peptides proposed as a basis of rigid protein structures


rhizomatic

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ῥιζωματικός (rhizōmatikós).

bor

(botany) Resembling or related to a rhizome.


santolina

(botany) Any of the genus Santolina of evergreen shrubs in the sunflower family.


bill hook

(ornithology) A sharply pointed spike growing from the tip of the upper mandible of the hatchlings of honeyguides, used to destroy the eggs and kill the chicks of the host species.


sargasso

en-noun

sargasso (countable and uncountable, plural sargassos or sargassoes)

From Portuguese sargaço (“(originally) the Lisbon false sun-rose or woolly rock rose (Halimium lasianthum); (now) gulfweed, sargasso”), ultimately from Latin salicastrum (“kind of wild vine found in willow-thickets”), from salix (“plant of the genus Salix; willow”) + -astrum (suffix forming nouns expressing incomplete resemblance). Salix is derived from Proto-Indo-European *sl̥H-ik- (“willow”). The English word is cognate with French sargasse, Spanish sargazo.
The capitalized form of sense 2 (“a confused, tangled mass or situation”), Sargasso, is probably a reference to the Sargasso Sea.

der

Of Sargassos or Weedy Seas. [...] [T]he most remarkable of them all, is that in the North Atlantic. [Christopher] Columbus passed through it on his first voyage of discovery to America. […] The sargassos of the southern hemisphere are not so well marked as this, nor are they as rich in drift or floating matter.

1864, M[atthew] F[ontaine] Maury, “Book VI”, in Physical Geography for Schools and General Readers, London: Longman, Green, Longman, Roberts, & Green, →OCLC, § 225, pages 100–101:

[H]eld safe and sound, I'd find the South Equatorial at last, at last, and safe from all the Sargassoes, the Scillas and Charibs, I'd swoop beautifully and lightly, drifting with the sweet currents of the South down the edge of the Brazilian Highlands to the Waters of Peace.

1971, Doris Lessing, Briefing for a Descent into Hell, London: Jonathan Cape, →ISBN; republished New York, N.Y.: Bantam Books, August 1972, →ISBN, page 6:

Feverish eyes of mariners weatherbeaten in a thousand voyages, burning eyes of jailbirds yanked from Andalusian prisons and embarked by force: these eyes see no prophetic reflections of gold and silver in the foam of the waves, nor in the country and river birds that keep flying over the ships, nor in the green rushes and branches thick with shells that drift in the sargassos.

1985, Eduardo Galeano, Memory of Fire: Part One of a Trilogy, New York, N.Y.: Pantheon Books, →ISBN; quoted in Howard Zinn, Anthony Arnowe, “Columbus and Las Casas”, in Voices of a People’s History of the United States, 2nd edition, New York, N.Y.: Seven Stories Press, 2004, →ISBN, page 45:

Few storms trouble a sargasso region, and rain rarely falls there even during the spring seasons. These conditions help create massive beds of floating vegetation, dominated by kelps and a weed called sargassum. [...] Of all the regions of the open sea, sargassos are the ones with the highest biological density, and potentially the most dangerous.

[2004, Lee Hammock, “Open Sea”, in Into the Blue, [s.l.]: Bastion Press, →ISBN, page 44, column 1:

(biology, oceanography) A part of an ocean or sea characterized by floating masses of sargassos, like the Sargasso Sea.


retinula

en-noun

retinula (plural retinulas or retinulae)

(biology) One of the group of pigmented cells that surround the retinophorae of invertebrates.


retinaculum

From Latin retināculum, from retinēre (“hold back”).

(zoology) One of the retractor muscles of the proboscis of certain worms.

(zoology) A loop on the underside of the forewing of some moths.

(botany) A small gland or process to which bodies are attached; as, the glandular retinacula to which the pollinia of orchids are attached, or the hooks which support the seeds in many acanthaceous plants.


rosetting

rosetting (usually uncountable, plural rosettings)

(biochemistry) A phenomenon where erythrocytes are arranged around a central cell to form a cluster that looks like a flower.


zygaenid

From translingual Zygaenidae, from Zygaena.

(zoology) Any member of the moth family Zygaenidae.