polydrupe

Fruit type included four categories (1: berry; 2: drupe; 3: polydrupe and pseudo-polydrupe; 4: other fruit with complex structures: pseudo-fruit, complex fruit, multilocular capsule, aril); fruit colour at maturity included six categories (1: black; 2: red; 3: pink; 4: orange/light brown; 5: white; 6: blue); fruit shape included two categories (1: spherical; 2: oval) and fruit skin texture, three categories (1: smooth and waxy, glossy, shiny; 2: smooth and pruinose; 3: rough, irregular).

(botany) Any fruit that is an aggregate of multiple drupes


trispecific

Even STRUCTURE identified a cluster within the trispecific hybrid zone.

2015 November 19, “Gene Flow of a Forest-Dependent Bird across a Fragmented Landscape”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biology) Relating to, or composed of three species


endoperoxidase

COX called also as prostaglandin endoperoxidase synthase is a membrane—bound hemoprotein and glycoprotein enzyme that catalyzes conversion of cell membrane phospholipids, involved in the synthesis of prostanoids comprising: prostaglandin (PG), prostacyclin (PGI) and the thromboxanes (TXA) and exists as 3 isoforms (COX-1, -2 and -3).

2015 November 26, “The Influence of Prolonged Acetylsalicylic Acid Supplementation-Induced Gastritis on the Neurochemistry of the Sympathetic Neurons Supplying Prepyloric Region of the Porcine Stomach”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) Any peroxidase that is associated with an endoperoxide


haplosufficiency

This group of intragenic revertant mutations was also tested for haplosufficiency by crossing homozygous gon-2(q388sup) hermaphrodites with gon-2(q388) males at restrictive temperature and scoring the offspring.

2015 November 26, “Novel Alleles of gon-2, a C . elegans Ortholog of Mammalian TRPM6 and TRPM7, Obtained by Genetic Reversion Screens”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(genetics) The state of being haplosufficient.


phosphopantetheinylate

From phosphopantetheinyl + -ate (“salt or ester”).

af

(biochemistry) Any salt or ester of phosphopantetheine.


phosphopantetheinylate

en-verb

phosphopantetheinylate (third-person singular simple present phosphopantetheinylates, present participle phosphopantetheinylating, simple past and past participle phosphopantetheinylated)

phosphopantetheinylates (present singular third-person)
phosphopantetheinylating (participle present)
phosphopantetheinylated (participle past)
phosphopantetheinylated (past)

From phosphopantetheinyl + -ate (verb-forming suffix).

af

It is a broad spectrum PPTase which is able to phosphopantetheinylate the ACP components of both cytosolic and mitochondrial FAS systems, as well as the aminoadipate semialdehyde dehydrogenase, associated with lysine degradation.

2015 November 26, “Characterisation of the Candida albicans Phosphopantetheinyl Transferase Ppt2 as a Potential Antifungal Drug Target”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) To react with phosphopantetheine.


iodinase

en-noun

iodinase (countable and uncountable, plural iodinases)

(biochemistry) Synonym of thyroperoxidase


membrane protein

membrane protein (countable and uncountable, plural membrane proteins)

2000. Lodish H, Berk A, Zipursky SL, et al. Molecular Cell Biology. 4th edition. New York: W. H. Freeman; 2000. Section 3.4, Membrane Proteins. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK21570/
Associated with each membrane is a set of membrane proteins that enables the membrane to carry out its distinctive activities.

Membrane proteins, such as receptors, ion channels, and transporters, comprise nearly 30% of all proteins in eukaryotic cells.

2015, Liszewski K, “Dissecting the Structure of Membrane Proteins”, in Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News, volume 35, number 17, Mary Ann Liebert, page 1:

(biochemistry) A protein that is associated with a biological membrane; association typically refers to either the ability to copurify membrane lipids with said protein or the ability to visualize a physical association in situ.

membránfehérje

a protein that is associated with a biological membrane


anthericum

/ænˈθɛɹɪkəm/

(botany) Any member of the genus Anthericum of rhizomatous perennial plants in the family Asparagaceae.


anthophile

(zoology) An organism that visits flowers.


cytoadhesion

To investigate if the in silico results are consistent with physiological observations, we studied the cytoadhesion of human parasitized (Plasmodium falciparum) erythrocytes to primary human STB cultures, in flow conditions with different WSS values.

2016 January 28, “Computational Fluid Dynamic Simulations of Maternal Circulation: Wall Shear Stress in the Human Placenta and Its Biological Implications”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


unciferous

[Fig.] 19. Unciferous ovipositor. Locusta

1826, William Kirby, William Spence, “Explanation of the Plates”, in An Introduction to Entomology, page 728:

(Unciferous branches used for infantile convulsions, high fever, headache, hypertension, blurred vision, dizziness. Leaf paste of Uncaria macrophylla mixed with the rhizome of Eleusine indica applied externally in bone fracture.)

2012, Umberto Quattrocchi, CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants: Common Names, Scientific Names, Eponyms, Synonyms, and Etymology (5 Volume Set), CRC Press, page 3839:

these two species are misplaced and display characteristics typical of the widespread gnaphosid genus Micaria Westring, 1851: procurved posterior eye row with the median eyes elongate and shiny; the presence of iridescent scales (unciferous squamose setae)

2013, CR Haddad, R Bosmans, “Synonymy of the North African spider genus Castanilla Caporiacco, 1936 with Micaria Westring, 1851 (Araneae: Gnaphosidae)”, in Zootaxa:

(biology) Bearing a hook or hook-like structure.


leafbase

(botany) The base of a leaf, where it joins the stem.


euterrestrial

(biology) Capable of thriving on dry or mildly damp soil.


landhopper

(zoology) Any of the terrestrial talitrids.


tuberization

tuberization (countable and uncountable, plural tuberizations)

Several reports indicate high levels of cytokinins (CKs) in leaves of induced potato plants, but the connection with tuberization is not clear.

2002, Lalit M. Srivastava, Plant Growth and Development: Hormones and Environment:


tuberize

en-verb

tuberize (third-person singular simple present tuberizes, present participle tuberizing, simple past and past participle tuberized)

tuberizes (present singular third-person)
tuberizing (participle present)
tuberized (participle past)
tuberized (past)

(botany, intransitive) To develop tubers.


discoglossidean

(zoology) Any of the family Discoglossidae of primitive frogs.


embolomere

(zoology) Any member of the Embolomeri, a suborder in the clade Reptiliomorpha, consisting of long aquatic fish-eating creatures.


hygropetric

From hygro- + -petric from Ancient Greek πέτρος (pétros, “stone”).

In Europe, Dicranomyia trinotata (Meig.) is a characteristic member of the hygropetric association, the insects living on rocks in streams, where they are covered with a thin sheet of water and are usually associated with such insect forms as Beraea, Tinodes, Stactobia (Trichoptera), Orphnephila testacea (Ruthe), Pericoma nubila (Meig.), Dixa maculata Meig., Oxycera pulchella Meig., and other Diptera.

1919, Charles Paul Alexander, The Crane-flies of New York:

(zoology) Requiring a habitat of a thin layer of water covering a rock surface.


inquilinous

Sponges influence macrofaunal community composition by providing habitat for inquilines (e.g., among the inquilinous amphipods, a diversity of sebids, stenothoids, thaumatelsonids, colomastigids and leucothoids were found with the sponges).

2015 December 1, “Macrofaunal Patterns in and around du Couedic and Bonney Submarine Canyons, South Australia”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biology) That lives in the dwelling place of another species


phosphoform

(biochemistry) The phosphorylated form of a protein


plasmotomy

Likely from Ancient Greek πλᾰ́σμᾰ n (plắsmă, “something formed, a creation or formation”) + -otomy (“an incision”).

affix

We did not find evidence to support alternative modes of reproduction such as plasmotomy and budding in Blastocystis as suggested by others since we did not observe multinucleation in irregularly-shaped viable cells.

2015 December 1, “Seeing the Whole Elephant: Imaging Flow Cytometry Reveals Extensive Morphological Diversity within Blastocystis Isolates”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biology) A form of asexual reproduction, in protozoa, in which a multinucleate cell divides into similar daughter cells without mitosis.


symbiotype

Aphid type was defined as a combination of aphid colour and symbiotype.

2015 December 1, “Conditional Reduction of Predation Risk Associated with a Facultative Symbiont in an Insect”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


symbiotype

en-verb

symbiotype (third-person singular simple present symbiotypes, present participle symbiotyping, simple past and past participle symbiotyped)

symbiotypes (present singular third-person)
symbiotyping (participle present)
symbiotyped (participle past)
symbiotyped (past)

When the experiment considered only green aphids with different symbiotic status, their distinction was allowed by symbiotyping the surviving individuals (diagnostic PCR).

(biology, transitive) To determine the type of a symbiont.


symbiotyping

(biology) The characterization of symbiotypes.


villikinin

(biochemistry) A hypothetical peptide hormone, conjectured to be released from the duodenal mucosa after a meal and to stimulate villous motility.


citroid

(botany) Belonging to the tribe Citreae or related plants.


carnocin

(biochemistry) A particular bacteriocin produced by the bacterium Carnobacterium piscicola.


sactipeptide

(biochemistry) A kind of peptide containing intramolecular linkages between the sulfur of cysteine residues and the alpha carbon of another residue in the peptide.


extragynoecial

As with most Annonaceae, however, Disepalum flowers are apocarpous, and so it is hypothesized that pollen tubes are likely to be able to grow between contiguous carpels: this extragynoecial growth of pollen tubes has been reported in other apocarpous angiosperms [97 ,98 ,99 ].

2015 December 3, “Phylogenetic Reconstruction, Morphological Diversification and Generic Delimitation of Disepalum (Annonaceae)”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


gangliotetraose

Taking advantage of the known biochemistry of ganglioside biosynthesis and degradation, we explored the potential for enhancing GM1 levels in the brain by intracranial administration of VCS sialidase, which cleaves the glycosidic linkages between terminal sialic acids of complex gangliotetraose gangliosides GD1a, GD1b, and GT1b, and GQ1b to yield increased levels of GM1 and the potential for this enzyme to exert a neuroprotective effect in the MPTP mouse model of Parkinsonism.

2015 December 3, “Intraventricular Sialidase Administration Enhances GM1 Ganglioside Expression and Is Partially Neuroprotective in a Mouse Model of Parkinson’s Disease”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) The tetraose sugar component of a ganglioside.


homeotypic

To recapitulate the features of solid tumours in vitro requires cell based assays that simultaneously mimic the extracellular matrix and tumour microenvironment, homeotypic and heterotypic cell-cell contacts, and allow the formation of relevant cell-matrix interactions.

2015 December 3, “Segmentation of Image Data from Complex Organotypic 3D Models of Cancer Tissues with Markov Random Fields”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(genetics) Relating to the second nuclear division in meiosis


intercarpellary

We also suggest that the formation of pollen octads may be selectively advantageous when pollinator visits are infrequent, although this would only be applicable if multiple ovules could be fertilized by each octad; since the flowers are apocarpous, this would require an extragynoecial compitum to enable intercarpellary growth of pollen tubes.


isoglobotriose

OPLS regression analysis positioned against the growth rate of one cub tentatively inferred a correlation with changes in the abundance of a trisaccharide, isoglobotriose, previously observed to be a major oligosaccharide in ursid milks.

2015 December 3, “Changes in the Milk Metabolome of the Giant Panda ( Ailuropoda melanoleuca ) with Time after Birth – Three Phases in Early Lactation and Progressive Individual Differences”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) An isomer of globotriose found in the milk of some bears


micrometabolite

(biochemistry) Any metabolite that is present in very small amounts


neurotrypsin

The generation and genotyping of neurotrypsin KO mice has been previously described [22 ].

2015 December 3, “C-Terminal Fragment of Agrin (CAF): A Novel Marker for Progression of Kidney Disease in Type 2 Diabetics”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) A serine peptidase stored in presynaptic nerve endings


paratopotype

(biology) A paratype found in the same locality as the holotype


cytostructure

Liver section of S50 shows better cytostructure with minor inflammation (PI) .

2015 December 4, “Wild Edible Fruit of Prunus nepalensis Ser. (Steud), a Potential Source of Antioxidants, Ameliorates Iron Overload-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Liver Fibrosis in Mice”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(cytology) The structure of cells in a tissue


heteropycnosis

(cytology) The differential coiling and staining of parts of a chromosome


metalloendoprotease

Following fertilization, ZP2 undergoes proteolytic cleavage by an oocyte-specific astacin-like metalloendoprotease, first reported as ovastacin (citation), released from the cortical granules, and sperm no longer bind to mouse embryos [22 ].

2015 December 4, “Melamine Impairs Female Fertility via Suppressing Protein Level of Juno in Mouse Eggs”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) any endoprotease that is a metalloenzyme


monosialylated

In plasma, apoC-III exists in non-sialylated (apoC-III 0a without glycosylation and apoC-III 0b with glycosylation), monosialylated (apoC-III 1 ) or disialylated (apoC-III 2 ) proteoforms.

2015 December 4, “The Association of Human Apolipoprotein C-III Sialylation Proteoforms with Plasma Triglycerides”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) sialylated with a single sialic acid residue


oxalotrophy

(biology) feeding (obtaining nourishment) on oxalates or oxalic acid


plesiadapiform

(zoology) Any extinct mammal of the order Plesiadapiformes


transrenal

Recently, biomarkers such as Interferon-γ-inducible protein 10 (IP-10) have been shown to be non-specific for TB [7 ] and transrenal DNA has been used for extrapulmonary-TB diagnosis [8 –9 ].

2015 December 4, “Estimation of D-Arabinose by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry as Surrogate for Mycobacterial Lipoarabinomannan in Human Urine”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry, of nucleic acid) extracellular urinary


eudoxid

(biology) The cormidium of a calycophoran siphonophore


cormidium

From Ancient Greek κορμός (kormós, “trunk”) + -idium.

af

(zoology) The colonial body of a compound animal


compound animal

en-noun

compound animal (plural compound animals)

(biology) A group of individual animals that form a distinct, individual colony.


calycophoran

(zoology) Any siphonophore of the suborder Calycophorae


karyolemma

Photomicrographs revealed that the microvilli were shorter and sparser; the nuclear envelope invaginated and gaps in the karyolemma increased; and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) swelled significantly.

2015 December 5, “Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Heat- and Shake-Induced Injury in the Rat Small Intestine”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


hepatolysin

(biology) A cytolysin that acts on liver cells.


neuricity

(biochemistry, archaic) Nervous energy or force, regarded as a property inherent in the nerves of the body.


neomorphism

(biology, geology, art) A new development of form or structure.


gametogony

gametogony (usually uncountable, plural gametogonies)

(biology) The stage in the life cycle of sporozoans in which gametes are formed


sex-limited

(biology, genetics) Occurring, or active, in only one sex.


anerythrism

(zoology) Absence of red pigment; applied to certain snakes.


food tree

Only the main food tree crops - coconut, sago, breadfruit, pandanus, and banana - are discussed here; ...

2000 Kenneth F. Kiple and Kriemhild Coneè Ornelas, eds., "V.E.3/The Pacific Islands, Tree Crops," The Cambridge World History of Food, Cambridge University Press. p. 1355

We examine the potential role of perennial woody food-producing species ("food trees") in cities in the context of urban sustainable development...

2013 July, Kyle H. Clark, Kimberly A. Nicholas, “Introducing urban food forestry: a multifunctional approach to increase food security and provide ecosystem services”, in Landscape Ecology:

2015 Bhaskar Vira, Christoph Wildburger, and Stephanie Mansourian, Forests and Food: Addressing Hunger and Nutrition Across Sustainable Landscapes, Open Book Publishers. pp. 54, 260.
Research should support food tree domestication options appropriate for meeting smallholders' needs

(botany) A tree cultivated or managed for edible products (such as leaves, seeds) that are used for human consumption (term either including or used in opposition to "fruit tree")

Because several trails from various directions lead into that food tree, you may not be certain where to place your treestand.

1992, John E. Phillips, The Science of Deer Hunting, Larsen's Outdoor Publishing, page 104:

(botany) A tree whose products are consumed by animals or wildlife.


reagin

reagin (countable and uncountable, plural reagins)


homeological

In order to extend our knowledge of the homeological relationships between Akodontini and Oryzomyini species, we analyzed the species Akodon montensis (2n = 24) and Thaptomys nigrita (2n = 52) both from the tribe Akodontini, with chromosome probes of Hylaeamys megacephalus (2n = 54) of the tribe Oryzomyini.

2015 December 8, “Clues on Syntenic Relationship among Some Species of Oryzomyini and Akodontini Tribes (Rodentia: Sigmodontinae)”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


immunocheckpoint

Non-antigen-specific immunotherapies such as immunocheckpoint blockades have been shown to be effective in the treatment of advanced melanoma.

2015 December 8, “Investigation of FOXM1 as a Potential New Target for Melanoma”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(immunology, biochemistry) A checkpoint protein on T cells


checkpoint protein

checkpoint protein (plural checkpoint proteins)

(biochemistry) A protein that halts a cellular process until certain other processes are complete


refoldase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes refolding of a protein


spermiation

spermiation (countable and uncountable, plural spermiations)

Fish were sampled on the 5 th, 6 th and 8 th of May. Horizontal diamonds indicate the spermiation period for the AP and NP groups.

2015 December 8, “Photoperiodic Modulation of Circadian Clock and Reproductive Axis Gene Expression in the Pre-Pubertal European Sea Bass Brain”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biology) The release of mature spermatids from Sertoli cells


monotelic

(biology) That can breed only once in its life cycle

Because pole-proximal misaligned chromosomes are expected to possess syntelic or monotelic attachments, the inter-kinetochore tension of these sister chromatids would be weakened during formation of the mitotic spindle.

2015 December 10, “A Novel Time-Dependent CENP-E Inhibitor with Potent Antitumor Activity”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(genetics) Connected to the spindle through only one kinetochore


paragynous

Main differences were the prevalence of paragynous instead of amphigynous antheridia, the formation of chlamydospores and a maximum temperature for growth of 35°C. For the remaining two taxa, preliminary morphological examination and ITS sequence analysis showed they could not be assigned to any formally described species or informally designated taxon of Phytophthora, hence detailed phylogenetic and taxonomic analyses were carried out.

2015 December 10, “Diversity of Phytophthora Species from Declining Mediterranean Maquis Vegetation, including Two New Species, Phytophthora crassamura and P. ornamentata sp. nov.”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(botany) Incompletely surrounding the oogonial stalk


antholeucin

From antho- + Ancient Greek λευκός (leukós, “white”) + -in.

af

The dissolved colouring-matters are, in white flowers, antholeucin, in blue anthocyanin.

1886, S. H. Vines, “Lecture XII”, in Lectures on the Physiology of Plants, page 242:

This in the case of yellow flowers is anthoxanthin; of white flowers, antholeucin; of blue flowers, anthocyanin, etc.

1889 December 28, J. H. Pillsbury, “Biological Notes”, in The American Monthly Microscopical Journal, volume 10, number 12, page 276:

There is such a thing as white flower-pigment (antholeucin), but in most cases the petals or sepals are white, just as foam is white, because of innumerable gas-bubbles in the cells.

1920, John Arthur Thomson, Biology of the Seasons, page 92:

(botany, obsolete) A substance isolated from flowers and thought to act as a white pigment.


pandanalean

(botany) Belonging to the plant order Pandanales.


myctophiform

(zoology) Belonging to the Myctophiformes order of ray-finned fishes.


mygalid

(zoology) Any tarantula in the family Mygalidae, a synonym of the Theraphosidae.


ossicusp

From ossi- + cusp, coined by British zoologist Ray Lankester.

coinage

(zoology) The bony horn of an okapi or a giraffe.


laurophyll

(botany) Having broad, glossy leaves characteristic of the laurel.


gonostylus

Previous taxonomic revisions (including global revisions and broader regional faunal revisions with global referencing) of Alpinobombus by some of the most experienced bumblebee specialists have relied on both morphology (especially the more variable characters of the male penis valve, volsella and gonostylus, and of the female oculo-malar area and hind tibia) and on the colour patterns of the hair and have all differed in their conclusions on the number of species present (Table 1).

2015 December 11, “Genes Suggest Ancestral Colour Polymorphisms Are Shared across Morphologically Cryptic Species in Arctic Bumblebees”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(entomology) The stylus of the gonocoxopodite.


gonocoxopodite

From gono- (“reproduction”) + coxo- (“coxa”) + podite.

af

(entomology) A mosquito appendage consisting of a coxite, style and volsella


gonocoxite

(entomology) The coxite of the gonocoxopodite


hemocoagulase

The present study found that patients with postoperative fibrinogen deficiency experienced more operative blood loss and a higher rate of postoperative intracranial hematoma, and they were given more blood transfusions, more plasma transfusions, and were administered larger doses of hemocoagulase compared with patients without postoperative fibrinogen deficiency.

2015 December 12, “Risk Factors for Postoperative Fibrinogen Deficiency after Surgical Removal of Intracranial Tumors”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) An enzyme, typically isolated from snake venom, that catalyzes the coagulation of the blood and therefore stops bleeding


Bowman-Birk protease inhibitor

en-noun

Bowman-Birk protease inhibitor (plural Bowman-Birk protease inhibitors)

Bowman-Birk protease inhibitors (plural)

(biochemistry) Any of a family of eukaryotic proteinase inhibitors found mainly in the seeds of legumes and in cereal grains.


marchantiaceous

(botany) Belonging to the Marchantiaceae family of liverworts.


subelongated

(biology) Somewhat elongated; having the length extended to a limited degree.


amphitelic

Additionally, cells must also ensure that each of the sister chromatids of the same chromosome attach to a different spindle pole, a state known as amphitelic attachment or chromosome biorientation.

2015 December 15, “Dispensability of the SAC Depends on the Time Window Required by Aurora B to Ensure Chromosome Biorientation”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biology, of centromeres) Attached to opposite poles of a spindle


cateslytin

In this context, we suppose that cateslytin with its net positive charge of +5 might also interact with hemagglutinin B. In our case, blocking the P.

2015 December 15, “Antibacterial Peptide-Based Gel for Prevention of Medical Implanted-Device Infection”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) A peptide, derived from a chromogranin, that shows an antimicrobial action


cisgene

(genetics) Any gene that is transmitted using cisgenesis


meroic

Characteristic traits, all apomorphies, are perichaetine setae, tubulo-racemose prostates, avesiculate meroic nephridia and opisthogastry (the development of intestinal gizzards, which in this genus are multiple in the region of segments 20–26).

1998, R Blakemore, “Retrovescus, a new genus of opisthogastric earthworm from Tasmania”, in Invertebrate Systematics:

Due to the somewhat macerated specimens Michaelsen (1933) was not able to recognize the structure of the excretory system in the type species, however, he found it meroic at W. beauforti.

2010, Cs. Csuzdi, “Review of the Paleotropical Neogastrini Earthworms (Oligochaeta, Acanthodrilidae: Benhamiinae) With Description of Two New Genera”, in Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, volume 56, number 2:

The genus Ramiellona was erected by Michaelsen (1935) to include Ramiellona stadelmanni Michaelsen, a meroic species from Honduras with acanthodrilin male terminalia, tubular prostates, one gizzard and with internal calciferous lamellae.

2014, C Fragoso, P Rojas, “New species and records of the earthworm genus Ramiellona (Annelida, Oligochaeta, Acanthodrilidae) from southern Mexico and Guatemala”, in Zootaxa, volume 3753:

(biology) Pertaining to nephridia that are formed by longitudinal or traverse fragmentation of a single original pair of embryonic rudiments in each segment.


epiphyton

(biology) periphyton growing on other plants


glycoepitope

(biochemistry, immunology) A carbohydrate epitope


mitotracker

mitotrackers (plural)
MitoTracker (alternative)

TMRE was used in our study for mitochondrial staining instead of commonly used mitotracker dyes since we were interested in visualizing only the active mitochondria in the cells.

2015 December 15, “Collagen Promotes Higher Adhesion, Survival and Proliferation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(cytology) Any of a family of commercial fluorescent dyes used to stain mitochondria in living cells


stilter

(zoology, archaic) Any long-legged wading bird.


torpediniform

The coracohyomandibularis, of the hypobranchial muscle plate, has a single origin on the fascia that is continuous with the pericardial membrane in the outgroups and in most batoids, with the exception of narkid torpediniform rays and myliobatiforms.

1996, Melanie L.J. Stiassny, Interrelationships of Fishes, page 75:

(zoology) Of or relating to the Torpediniformes.


myxiniform

(zoology) Any member of the Myxiniformes.


alloproliferation

As shown in Fig 7C and 7D, TA1 resulted in the dose dependent inhibition of alloproliferation of both human CD4 + and CD8 + PBMC in a MLR. Indeed, relative to etanercept, TA1 demonstrated a significantly improved anti-proliferative effect on cytotoxic CD8 + T cells.

2015 December 17, “Inhibition of Autoimmune Diabetes in NOD Mice by miRNA Therapy”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


allotetraploidization

Alternative scenarios for allotetraploidization involving more than one allopolyploidization event in Xenopus are discussed in Supplementary Information of Bewick et al.

2015 December 17, “Genetics, Morphology, Advertisement Calls, and Historical Records Distinguish Six New Polyploid Species of African Clawed Frog ( Xenopus, Pipidae) from West and Central Africa”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(genetics) allogeneic tetraploidization; modification to become allotetraploid


decaploid

Furthermore, DArT has been applied successfully to species with large genomes such as barley [2 ] and with complex or/and polyploid genomes such as the decaploid sugarcane [3 ], hexaploid wheat and oat [4 ,5 ] or the paleoploid apple [6 ].

2015 December 17, “Diversity Arrays Technology (DArT) Marker Platforms for Diversity Analysis and Linkage Mapping in a Complex Crop, the Octoploid Cultivated Strawberry ( Fragaria × ananassa )”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(genetics) having ten complete sets of chromosomes in a single cell


dodecaploidization

dodecaploidization (usually uncountable, plural dodecaploidizations)

Using this approach, a recent study that included genetic data from four of the new species described here proposed that tetraploidization occurred at least once in subgenus Silurana and once in subgenus Xenopus, octoploidization occurred at least three times in subgenus Xenopus, and that dodecaploidization occurred at least three times in subgenus Xenopus.

(genetics) The process of becoming dodecaploid.


entopterygoid

At the symphysis, the entopterygoid articulates with its counterpart through a striated articular surface which is oval in outline.

2015 December 17, “A Fish Assemblage from the Middle Eocene from Libya (Dur At-Talah) and the Earliest Record of Modern African Fish Genera”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(zoology) A certain ventral bone of reptiles or fish


octoploidization

Using this approach, a recent study that included genetic data from four of the new species described here proposed that tetraploidization occurred at least once in subgenus Silurana and once in subgenus Xenopus, octoploidization occurred at least three times in subgenus Xenopus, and that dodecaploidization occurred at least three times in subgenus Xenopus [21 ].

(genetics) Modification to become octoploid


paleoploid

(genetics) Having the ploidy that the organism had in the distant past


procathepsin

The activity was estimated by reducing the incubation time to 2 min to avoid procathepsin L activation [17 ,19 ].

2015 December 17, “An Active 32-kDa Cathepsin L Is Secreted Directly from HT 1080 Fibrosarcoma Cells and Not via Lysosomal Exocytosis”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) Any of a family of proteins that are involved in the production of cathepsins


intradiol

Local oxygen levels may be further reduced by the up regulation of a putative secreted intradiol dioxygenase (PAU_03890), as this class of enzyme utilise molecular oxygen.

2015 December 18, “From Insect to Man: Photorhabdus Sheds Light on the Emergence of Human Pathogenicity”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) Between the carbon atoms that carry the two hydroxyl groups of a diol


subhaplotype

In addition, eight subhaplotypes were combined within three SNPs in TOMM40, and the only subhaplotype G-T-C (rs157581-rs11556505-rs1160985) was significantly susceptible to LOAD risk.

2015 December 18, “Polygenic Analysis of Late-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease from Mainland China”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


calyptopis

Euphausiaceans go through a number of phases during their development: a nauplius (= ortho-nauplius) phase, a metanauplius ‘phase’, a calyptopis phase, and a furcilia phase, each of which may contain more than one larval stage, but with a relatively constant morphology within each phase.

2015 December 19, “Naupliar and Metanaupliar Development of Thysanoessa raschii (Malacostraca, Euphausiacea) from Godthåbsfjord, Greenland, with a Reinstatement of the Ancestral Status of the Free-Living Nauplius in Malacostracan Evolution”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biology) The phase of larval development characterized by compound eyes beneath the carapace.


gammaridean

(zoology) Any amphipod of the suborder Gammaridea.


rhamnopyranoside

(biochemistry) Any pyranoside derived from rhamnose.


homodontism

Now that all mammals are led back to a distant diphyodont stem, it is also true that the further we go back both in palingenesis and embryogenesis, the more widespread heterodontism is—all modern homodontism proving to be secondary.

1894, “Address by Henry Fairfield Osborn”, in Proceedings of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, volume 42, page 197:

(zoology) Having a dentition of identical teeth.


heterodontism

(zoology) Having a dentition of differing teeth.


dickkopf

Borrowed from German Dickkopf (“stubborn person”, literally “thick head”), from the fact that Dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK1), one of the dickkopf proteins, was found to be required for head formation in embryos. The word was coined by Andrei Glinka, Wei Wu, Hajo Delius, A. Paula Monaghan, Claudia Blumenstock, and Christof Niehrs in a 1998 article published in Nature: see the quotation.

bor

Here we describe dickkopf-1 (dkk-1), which encodes Dkk-1, a secreted inducer of Spemann's organizer in Xenopus and a member of a new protein family.

[1998 January 22, Andrei Glinka et al., “Dickkopf-1 is a Member of a New Family of Secreted Proteins and Functions in Head Induction”, in Nature, volume 391, number 6665, London: Nature Research, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC, abstract, page 357:

Some of the factors tested included: angiopoietin like protein 7 (ANGLPT7), epidermal growth factor (EGF), fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), transforming growth factor beta 2 (TGF β 2), platelet derived growth factor b (PDGFB), and dickkopf related protein 2 (DKK2).

2015 December 22, Kathryn L. McCabe et al., “Efficient Generation of Human Embryonic Stem Cell-derived Corneal Endothelial Cells by Directed Differentiation”, in PLOS ONE, volume 10, number 12, San Francisco, Calif.: PLOS, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC, article number e0145266:

Oncogenic mutations in the human genome disable of the 'β-catenin-destroyer complex' and delete the dickkopfs.

2016, Joseph G. Sinkovics, “Eukaryotic Single Cells and the First Cell Communities Then and Now”, in RNA/DNA and Cancer, Cham, Switzerland: Springer, →DOI, →ISBN, page 81:

(biochemistry) Any of a family of glycoproteins that are involved in the development of the embryo.

British Journal of Pharmacology
British Pharmacological Society
DKK1
Wiley-Blackwell

Dickkopf-proteiini

any of a family of glycoproteins that is involved in the development of the embryo


flexistylous

It is a self-compatible, hermaphroditic, clonal, flexistylous perennial herb, usually 1–3 m tall.

2015 December 22, “Impact of Striped-Squirrel Nectar-Robbing Behaviour on Gender Fitness in Alpinia roxburghii Sweet (Zingiberaceae)”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(botany) Related to, or exhibiting flexistyly


flexistyly

A number of genera including Alpinia and Amomum (Zingiberaceae), exhibit interesting flexistyly polymorphisms which enhance fruit production by avoiding geitonogamy and promoting xenogamy.

(botany) A form of polymorphism in which the style and stigma of hermaphroditic flowers move over time.


multimethylation

For instance, PTMs such as lipoylation, glycosylation, phosphorylation and SUMOylation can have a high impact on host immune modulation during Ehrlichia muris [57 ], Ehrlichia chaffeensis [58 ] and Anaplasma phagocytophilum [59 ] infections and, multimethylation can lead to different levels of virulence in R.

2015 December 22, “Comparative Proteomic Profiling of Ehrlichia ruminantium Pathogenic Strain and Its High-Passaged Attenuated Strain Reveals Virulence and Attenuation-Associated Proteins”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) methylation at multiple sites


deacylase

They exhibit a diverse range of functional categories that include porin, transporter, adhesin, lipase, protease, deacylase, pore-forming toxin, and assembly factors [2 ,3 ].

2015 December 23, “PredβTM: A Novel β-Transmembrane Region Prediction Algorithm”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) Any hydrolase that removes an acyl group by hydrolysis


protosite

To expand the distribution of plant resources containing RAs and explore the functional role of N-methylated amino acids in natural RAs in the maintenance of the conformation and bioactivity, we structurally and pharmacologically investigated interesting RAs using the TLC cyclopeptide protosite detection method with ninhydrin [23 ] from R.

2015 December 23, “Rubipodanin A, the First Natural N -Desmonomethyl Rubiaceae-Type Cyclopeptide from Rubia podantha, Indicating an Important Role of the N 9 -Methyl Group in the Conformation and Bioactivity”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) Any part of a biomolecule that has the potential to be a site for the attachment of another one


rubipodanin

Fortunately, a new cyclic hexapeptide, rubipodanin A ( 1 ), which is the first identified natural N-desmonomethyl RA, together with six known RAs ( 2–7 ) were obtained.

(biochemistry) Any of a family of cyclic peptides found in the madder Rubia podantha


ascogenous

The calosphaeriaceous ascoma centrum is unique in the Sordariomycetes; it comprises persistent, sparsely branched, short or elongated ascogenous hyphae with minute cells formed from croziers in sympodial succession, asci in predominantly spicate arrangement and persistent paraphyses.

2015 December 24, “Phylogenetic Reconstruction of the Calosphaeriales and Togniniales Using Five Genes and Predicted RNA Secondary Structures of ITS, and Flabellascus tenuirostris gen. et sp. nov.”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(mycology) That grows from the ascogonium of a fungus

ascógeno

that grows from the ascogonium of a fungus


transcuprein

Albumin (about 69 kDa) has a very high affinity Cu(II) site at its N-terminus (Kd about 10−12 M) in most mammals; and transcuprein, which in humans is alpha-2-macroglobulin, has an even higher Cu affinity.

2016 March 3, “Mechanism of Copper Uptake from Blood Plasma Ceruloplasmin by Mammalian Cells”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) A small protein with a specific role in plasma copper transport.


cavendishioid

en-adj

cavendishioid (comparative more cavendishioid, superlative most cavendishioid)

more cavendishioid (comparative)
most cavendishioid (superlative)

Lineage radiations of the core group of ericoid and cavendishioid mycorrhizal Sebacinales started probably in the Eocene, coinciding with diversification events of their hosts.

2016 March 4, “Divergence Times and Phylogenetic Patterns of Sebacinales, a Highly Diverse and Widespread Fungal Lineage”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(botany) Resembling the woody perennial plants of the genus Cavendishia.


cavendishia

(botany) Any of the genus Cavendishia of woody perennial plants.


jungermannioid

jungermannioid (comparative more jungermannioid, superlative most jungermannioid)

more jungermannioid (comparative)
most jungermannioid (superlative)

The diversification of Sebacinales with jungermannioid interactions started during the Oligocene, and occurred much later than the diversification of their hosts.

(botany) Characteristic of the genus Jungermannia of liverworts.


thermoswitch

This appears to be the first purely computational design of functional RNA thermoswitches, and certainly the first purely computational design of functional thermo-IRES elements.

2016, Juan Antonio Garcia-Martin, Ivan Dotu, Javier Fernandez-Chamorro, Gloria Lozano, Jorge Ramajo, Encarnacion Martinez-Salas, Peter Clote, “RNAiFold2T: Constraint Programming design of thermo-IRES switches”, in arXiv:

(biochemistry) A form of riboswitch incorporating a thermosensor and thus responsive to temperature changes.


heteromorphosis

en-noun

heteromorphosis (countable and uncountable, plural heteromorphoses)

(biology) The development of one tissue from a tissue of another type.


ferritinophagy

Alternatively, the turn over of ferritin by the process of ferritinophagy could be modified in the absence of CFTR [45, 46 ].

2015 December 29, “Iron Homeostasis and Inflammatory Status in Mice Deficient for the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Regulator”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) The metabolism of ferritin


homoglucan

Dextran, a homoglucan produced by Leuconostoc mesenteroides, has been cited as the primary polysaccharide associated with sugarcane deterioration.

2015 December 29, “Diverse Exopolysaccharide Producing Bacteria Isolated from Milled Sugarcane: Implications for Cane Spoilage and Sucrose Yield”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) A homopolysaccharide composed of glucose moieties


inulosucrase

(biochemistry) Any transferase that catalyzes the transfer of a fructose moiety from sucrose to inulin


phosphodonor

Their K 1/2 values scaled inversely with the aggregate lengths of their connecting segment between Tsr1 and Tsr2: the longest linker (546~551/L-6) produced the most sensitive response (K 1/2 = 55 μM); the shortest (517~551/L-4) failed to respond to serine, but evinced high kinase activity upon potassium cyanide challenge, which depletes cellular ATP, the phosphodonor for the CheA autophosphorylation reaction (see Methods ).

2015 December 29, “Chemotactic Signaling by Single-Chain Chemoreceptors”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) Any substance that donates a phosphoryl group


undecaheme

Such preferential orientation may be deduced, for example, from recent X-ray diffraction data of undecaheme cytochrome crystalized in the presence of soluble Fe(III) chelates [23 ,26 ].

2015 December 29, “In Situ Analysis of a Silver Nanoparticle-Precipitating Shewanella Biofilm by Surface Enhanced Confocal Raman Microscopy”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry, in combination) Eleven heme groups in a molecule


despeciated

(biochemistry) Of a serum: modified so that it is no longer species-specific, to avoid triggering allergic reactions.


cytotaxis

(biology) The directive influence that determines the arrangement of cells; the selective, ordering, and arranging function of a living cell.


cylindrocellular

(biology) Relating to cylindrical cells.


logania

/ləʊˈɡeɪnɪə/

Borrowed from New Latin Logania (“the genus name”), after the botanist James Logan.

bor+

(botany) Any of the genus Logania of plants native to Australia and New Zealand.


myoneurin

In that essence, the effect of such SNPs can be mediated through one of the other genes in 3q26 locus that were found to actually play a role in controlling expression either by activating or repressing the transcription of various genes such as encoding myoneurin (MYNN) including telomerase.

2016 January 1, “Associations of TERC Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms with Human Leukocyte Telomere Length and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) Any of a family of zinc finger proteins whose members have been implicated in regulatory functions of gene expression


competitive exclusion

en-noun

competitive exclusion (countable and uncountable, plural competitive exclusions)

Coined by Russian biologist George Gause.

2016, Kaj-Kolja Kleineberg & Marián Boguñá, Competition between global and local online social networks, Nature
In ecology theory, the principle of competitive exclusion states that multiple species in competition for the same resource cannot coexist, as even the slightest advantage of one species over the other is successively amplified; a mechanism referred to as “rich get richer” or preferential attachment. This eventually leads to the extinction of the inferior species.

(biology) The principle that states that two species who are very similar, and compete for the same resources, cannot coexist indefinitely, as the one with the slight advantage will outperform the other and eventually drive it into extinction.


endophagic

ITNs would be most effective against endophagic vectors that feed primarily late at night while IRS would be most effective against primarily endophilic vectors that spend a significant portion of their adult lives resting inside houses.

2016 January 6, “The Effect of Indoor Residual Spraying on the Prevalence of Malaria Parasite Infection, Clinical Malaria and Anemia in an Area of Perennial Transmission and Moderate Coverage of Insecticide Treated Nets in Western Kenya”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biology, particularly of mosquitos) That feeds indoors


hygrocolous

The hygrocolous communities around the lake are dominated by Deyeuxia angustifolia, Deyeuxia langsdorffii, Carex appendiculata and Carex rhynchophysa.

2016 January 6, “Vegetation and Climate Change during the Last Deglaciation in the Great Khingan Mountain, Northeastern China”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


pierine

The bearing of the geographical distribution of existing Pierine forms upon the preceding phylogenetic conclusions was then considered, and it was shown that the facts of distribution, taken in connection with what was known of the means of transit possible for insects, and especially of the migratory habits of certain Pierines, were in general accordance with the same conclusions.

1893, The Transactions of the Entomological Society of London:

No pigment of similar constitution to the Pierine white, yellow, and red, was found by Mr. Hopkins in any other butterfly—not even in the allied Papilioninae.

1898, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, volume 26, Linnean Society of London, page 597:

Perhaps some of the most interesting data on such properties of adaptive response, and constraints upon it, come from the recent studies of Shapiro on Andean pierine butterflies.

2012, Allen M. Young, Population Biology of Tropical Insects, page 458:

(zoology) Relating to, or resembling, the butterflies of the family Pieridae.


motogenic

en-adj

motogenic (comparative more motogenic, superlative most motogenic)

more motogenic (comparative)
most motogenic (superlative)


motogenesis

(biology) The promotion of cellular motility.


ethospecies

For these and other reasons we suggest that S. rovneri is an ethospecies, morphologically similar to but reproductively isolated from its sibling species by courtship behavior, particularly acoustic communication.

2014, Peter N. Witt, Spider Communication: Mechanisms and Ecological Significance:

(biology) A species that is reproductively isolated from other morphologically similar species due to its breeding behaviour.


summer branch drop

(pathology, botany, sylvaniculture, arboriculture) A syndrome in which a tree suddenly drops a large limb from its body, usually interpreted as being caused by stress due to heat waves, droughts or persistent hot weather.


royalisin

(biochemistry) A defensin-like peptide found in royal jelly.


cytochemically

(biochemistry) With reference to, or by means of cytochemistry


ectodermally

(biology) With reference to, or by way of the ectoderm


gerontophagy

Unlike species of solitary spiders, in which gerontophagy (the consumption of elderly individuals) is confined to the mother and her offspring, social Stegodyphus have a more varied menu […]

2001, Judith Goodenough, Betty McGuire, Robert A. Wallace, Perspectives on animal behavior, page 341:


gerontomorphosis

(zoology) Evolutionary change involving extreme specialisation and a reduction in the capability for further change.


physiocrine

Prior work showed that the asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase (BmAsnRS) of Brugia malayi, an etiological agent of lymphatic filariasis, acts as a physiocrine that binds specifically to interleukin-8 (IL-8) chemokine receptors.

2016 January 12, “Brugia malayi Asparaginyl - tRNA Synthetase Stimulates Endothelial Cell Proliferation, Vasodilation and Angiogenesis”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) Any of a family of physiologically-active cytokines


pelycosaurian

(zoology) Belonging to the Pelycosauria.


longirostrine

The association of longirostrine and tuskless mandibles is very rare in proboscideans, and only Choerolophodon (family Choerolophodontidae, sensu [23 ]), a recently described new genus of Mammutidae [44 ], as well as the non-amebelodontine trilophodont gomphotheres Gnathabelodon and Eubelodon show these two conditions simultaneously.

2016 January 13, “The Dance of Tusks: Rediscovery of Lower Incisors in the Pan-American Proboscidean Cuvieronius hyodon Revises Incisor Evolution in Elephantimorpha”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(zoology) Having a long jaw or rostrum, especially of a crocodilian


biobrick

biobricks (plural)
BioBrick (alternative)

During amplification, the internal EcoRI restriction site in merA was mutated in order to create a mer cassette compatible with the biobrick cloning system and the vector pBBRBB (see Materials and Methods ) [27 ].

2016 January 14, “Toward Bioremediation of Methylmercury Using Silica Encapsulated Escherichia coli Harboring the mer Operon”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(genetics) A length of DNA sequence used, with others, to build synthetic biological circuits


hypotetraploid

Furthermore, a hypotetraploid side-line contained duplicate copies of the stemline abnormalities, and small second sideline of two cells contained an interstitial deletion of the long arm of chromosome 2, as well as the stemline aberrations.

2016 January 14, “L1 Cell Adhesion Molecule-Specific Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Redirected Human T Cells Exhibit Specific and Efficient Antitumor Activity against Human Ovarian Cancer in Mice”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(genetics) having fewer than four times the haploid number of chromosomes in a cell nucleus


pneumolysoid

To our best knowledge, a validation of pneumolysoid B as a replacement for the PLY antigen in the EIA to detect anti-PLY IgG has never been published.

2016 January 14, “Efficacy of PPV23 in Preventing Pneumococcal Pneumonia in Adults at Increased Risk – A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) Any of a group of recombinant mutant proteins related to pneumolysin.


prorsiradiate

Ultimately from Latin prōrsus + radiate.

They are rursiradiate on the middle of the flank and become prorsiradiate towards the venter.

2016 January 14, “Paleobiology of the Latest Tithonian (Late Jurassic) Ammonite Salinites grossicostatum Inferred from Internal and External Shell Parameters”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(malacology, of the ribs of a cephalopod shell) Inclined forward.


rursiradiate

(malacology, of the ribs of a cephalopod shell) Inclined backward.


trimannoside

ConA is a plant lectin, which binds avidly to the trimannoside core of N-glycans, bisected hybrid-type N-glycans and to a lesser extent to complex-type biantennary N-glycans, whereas highly branched N-glycans will not bind or bind not as tightly [15 ].

2016 January 14, “Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition of RPE Cells In Vitro Confers Increased β1,6- N -Glycosylation and Increased Susceptibility to Galectin-3 Binding”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) Any glycoside having three mannose groups


EGFR

epidermal growth factor receptor
w:epidermal growth factor receptor

(biochemistry) Initialism of epidermal growth factor receptor.


regenotyping

The regenotyping and SNaPshot results were in complete accordance with original results.

2016 January 15, “Association of Ulcerative Colitis with FUT2 and FUT3 Polymorphisms in Patients from Southeast China”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(genetics) A second or subsequent genotyping.


preautophagic

As preautophagic mitochondria reduce their membrane potential and OPA1 levels, these results suggest that fission events induce recycling processes.

2016 January 16, “Quality Saving Mechanisms of Mitochondria during Aging in a Fully Time-Dependent Computational Biophysical Model”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


lipin

(biochemistry) Any fat, fatty acid, lipoid, soap, or similar substance.


phytoceramidase

PHS can be converted to PHC followed by a mechanism similar to that between DHS and DHC, but the reverse reaction is catalyzed by the specific enzyme phytoceramidase.

2016 January 20, “Analysis of the Involvement of Different Ceramide Variants in the Response to Hydroxyurea Stress in Baker's Yeast”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) A ceramidase that acts upon phytoceramides


transstadially

Several of the plant-infecting tospoviruses have very broad host-plant ranges, including SVNV. Zhou and Tzanetakis [4 ] identified several weed hosts capable of being alternative hosts for SVNV. Tospoviruses are transmitted exclusively by thrips, in a persistent propagative fashion (i.e., they replicate inside their thrips vector and are transstadially passed from molt-to-molt) [10 ].

2016 January 20, “Seed Transmission of Soybean vein necrosis virus : The First Tospovirus Implicated in Seed Transmission”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


rhamnogalacturonase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of a rhamnogalacturonan.


xylogalacturonase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of a xylogalacturonan.


lactodifucotetraose

Three of the more abundant fucosylated HMOs, 2’-fucosyllactose (2’-FL), 3-fucosyllactose (3-FL) and lactodifucotetraose have been shown to exhibit a prebiotic effect [4 ].

2016 January 23, “Novel α-L-Fucosidases from a Soil Metagenome for Production of Fucosylated Human Milk Oligosaccharides”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) An oligosaccharide composed of lactose with two added fucose moieties


metalloreductase

For plants, no corresponding metalloreductase has so far been found [58 ] indicating that the main storage form of iron in the vacuole appears to be complexed Fe(II).

2016 January 23, “The Organization of Controller Motifs Leading to Robust Plant Iron Homeostasis”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) Any reductase that is a metalloenzyme


aneurophyte

From a- + Ancient Greek νεῦρον (neûron, “plant fiber”) + -phyte.

af

(biology) The most primitive form of progymnosperms


progymnosperm

Pycnoxylic wood is a primitive feature of progymnosperms with regard to manoxylic wood with wide and high rays.

1991, Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth sciences, page 122:

(biology) A very early form of plant that produced both wood (like trees) and spores (like ferns).


cytoform

(biology) A form of an organism that has a distinct cellular structure, normally as a result of a chromosomal difference


hypertriploid

HT-29 cell is a colon adenocarcinoma tumor cell line with hypertriploid chromosome, abnormal mitochondria, and a p53 gene mutation [43 ], and therefore may present an abnormal picture of physiological cell death pathways.

2016 January 26, “Mitochondrial Protein PGAM5 Regulates Mitophagic Protection against Cell Necroptosis”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(genetics) Having more than three sets of chromosomes


tithonia

Many of our most popular flowers originated in Mexico including: marigolds, zinnias, nasturtiums, morning glories, cosmos, tithonias, sunflowers, verbenas, and many different sages.

2000, Rosalind Creasy, Edible Mexican Garden, page 11:

(botany) Any of the genus Tithonia of flowering plants in the sunflower tribe (Heliantheae) within the family Asteraceae.


monoglucose

As an extremely sensitive sensor of the tertiary structure of glycoproteins, UGT1 catalyzes the addition of monoglucose to the defective glycoprotein for repair through an unconventional pathway.

2016 January 26, “Comparative Proteomics Reveals Important Viral-Host Interactions in HCV-Infected Human Liver Cells”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) A single glucose moiety in a macromolecule


nematofauna

In Europe has been hypothesized that reduced species numbers in northern Europe is attributed to Quaternary glaciations, being the highly diverse nematofauna of the Mediterranean basin related to Miocene plate tectonics in that area].

2016 January 26, “Unravelling the Biodiversity and Molecular Phylogeny of Needle Nematodes of the Genus Longidorus (Nematoda: Longidoridae) in Olive and a Description of Six New Species”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biology, rare) The nematodes, or all kinds of nematodes, inhabiting a region.


phospholipomannan

en-noun

phospholipomannan (countable and uncountable, plural phospholipomannans)

TLR2 and TLR4 are thought to interact with phospholipomannan and O-linked mannan of PAMPs as well.

2016 January 26, “Cell Wall N -Linked Mannoprotein Biosynthesis Requires Goa1p, a Putative Regulator of Mitochondrial Complex I in Candida albicans”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) A complex formed between a phospholipid and a mannan


spectrosome

(biology) A spherical cytoskeletal organelle found in the germ cells of fruit flies


termitophile

(biology) Any insect that lives in close proximity to termites, typically in a termite nest.


antiholin

Analysis of the 30–84 genome revealed that it also harbors homologs of cidA and lrg, the holin and antiholin genes found in P.

2016 January 27, “The Phenazine 2-Hydroxy-Phenazine-1-Carboxylic Acid Promotes Extracellular DNA Release and Has Broad Transcriptomic Consequences in Pseudomonas chlororaphis 30–84”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) Any protein that counters the effect of holin; a gene responsible for such a protein


glaucescence

glaucescence (countable and uncountable, plural glaucescences)

By surface analysis, glaucescent + -ence, though Merriam-Webster presumes a New Latin *glaucēscēntia, from New Latin glaucēscēns (“glaucescent”). However, the Missouri Botanical Garden's A Grammatical Dictionary of Botanical Latin holds no examples attesting this, instead attesting Latin glaucēdō.

surface analysis

(chiefly biology) The quality of being glaucescent, the state of being a bluish-green color.


gorgeted

(zoology) Having a gorget, or crescent-shaped coloured patch on the neck.


submajor

(zoology) An ant that is smaller than a major.


dinergate

(zoology) A large leaf-cutter ant; a major.


haplometrosis

(entomology) The establishment of an ant colony by a single queen.


pleometrosis

(entomology) The establishment of an ant colony by multiple queens.


polydomy

From poly- + Ancient Greek δόμος (dómos, “house”) + -y.

Thus polydomy ensues when an entire colony breaks up into several nesting aggregations.

1987, Jörg Eder, Chemistry and biology of social insects, page 35:

The outpost phenomenon probably accounts for many cases of polydomy, defined as the dispersal of the colony into multiple nest sites.

1990, Bert Hölldobler, The Ants, page 390:

Although this uncertainty exists, the lack of absolute male bias confirms that seasonal polydomy is not a major influence on the population sex ratio.

1995, Andrew F. G. Bourke, Social Evolution in Ants, page 187:

(entomology) The situation where an ant colony is established across multiple nest sites.


actinohivin

We have also observed such differences (10- to 50-fold) when the inhibitory potential of CBAs such as HHA, GNA or actinohivin have been determined for cell-free virus infection of T-lymphocytes versus syncytium formation in cocultures of persistently HIV-1-infected and uninfected cells [44, 45 ].

2016 January 28, “The Cellular Thioredoxin-1/Thioredoxin Reductase-1 Driven Oxidoreduction Represents a Chemotherapeutic Target for HIV-1 Entry Inhibition”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) A lectin, that counters HIV, isolated from an actinomycete of the genus Longispora


apospory

(biology) The ability of a plant's sporophytes to form a plant that looks like a gametophyte but has the ploidy level of the sporophyte.


halophilous

en-adj

halophilous (comparative more halophilous, superlative most halophilous)

more halophilous (comparative)
most halophilous (superlative)

(biology) Thriving in a highly saline environment.


halophobic

halophobic (comparative more halophobic, superlative most halophobic)

more halophobic (comparative)
most halophobic (superlative)

(biology) Incapable of thriving in a highly saline environment.


heterostrophy

(biology) Twisting in a different direction.


biurate

(biochemistry, organic chemistry) A urate containing twice as much of the uric acid constituent as an ordinary urate.


thelygeny

From Ancient Greek θῆλυς (thêlus) + -geny.

If monogeny is determined exclusively by a cytoplasmic factor, then it is easy to see that the factor will either die out (if it causes arrhenogeny) or will become fixed and thereby sterilize the population (if it causes thelygeny).

1982, Graham Bell, The Masterpiece of Nature :: The Evolution and Genetics of Sexuality, page 441:

Both series of experiments show the possibility of an experimental induction for intersexuality and thelygeny.

2012, R. Reinboth, Intersexuality in the Animal Kingdom:

monogeny — the production of only male (“arrhenogeny”) or female (“thelygeny”) offspring.

2012, Rigomar Rieger, Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, page 335:

(zoology, reproduction) The production of only female offspring.


arrhenogeny

From Ancient Greek ἄρρην (árrhēn) + -geny.

A male-biased brood free of endosymbiotes was found in the SO population. The way in which this arrhenogeny occurs is as yet unclear.

1994, International Journal on Endocytobiosis and Cell Research, page 222:

(zoology, reproduction) The production of only male offspring.


deneddylation

It participates in the regulation of SCF complex deactivation by the deneddylation of cullin.

2016 January 30, “Characterization of SCF-Complex during Bovine Preimplantation Development”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) The process by which NEDD8 is removed from a conjugated protein


mycosphere

(biology) The part of the environment rich in fungi


thymidylyltransferase

There are four genes, rmlB (dTDP-glucose 4, 6-dehydratase), rmlD (dTDP-4-dehydrorhamnose reductase), rmlA (glucose-1-phosphate thymidylyltransferase), and rmlC (dTDP-4-dehydrorhamnose 3,5-epimerase) that are involved in the biosynthesis of dTDP-L-rhamnose.

2016 January 30, “Comparison of O-Antigen Gene Clusters of All O-Serogroups of Escherichia coli and Proposal for Adopting a New Nomenclature for O-Typing”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) Any transferase that transfers a thymidylyl or thymidyl group.


spermatophagy

Spermiophagy and spermatophagy are produced in the female genital tract and male excretory duct system. In women, phagocytosis of spermatozoa is carried out by follicle cells, […]

1992, Acta Cytologica, volume 36, page 251:

Seminal vesical pigment is thought to derive from cellular byproducts of nonviable sperm ingested by the seminal vesical epithelium (spermatophagy).

2011, Alan J. Wein, Campbell-Walsh Urology, page 2534:

Two of the affected seminiferous tubules contain numerous macrophages (MΦ) phagocytosing sperm (“spermatophagy”; c), whereas only a few remaining spermatogonia can be identified.

2012, Davor Jezek, Atlas on the Human Testis: Normal Morphology and Pathology:

Spermatophagy, a rare habit of feeding on seeds or the outer layers of a fruit, is typified by species in the scolytid genus Poecilips (Coccotrypes).

1975, Pest management papers, numbers 2-7, Simon Fraser University, page 37:

The degree of carnivory/spermatophagy and preferences for food depend on the food choices available to a carabid.

2010, Ingrid H. Williams, Biocontrol-Based Integrated Management of Oilseed Rape Pests:

Spermatophagy (or spermophagy) as used by bark beetle researchers denotes species breeding in seeds and the surrounding fruit tissues.

2014, Fernando E. Vega, editor, Bark Beetles: Biology and Ecology of Native and Invasive Species:

(entomology) Of certain beetles, the consumption of fruits or seeds.


ostracoderm

From New Latin ostracum, from Ancient Greek ὄστρακον (óstrakon, “pottery fragment; shell”) + δέρμα (dérma, “skin”).

der

(zoology) Any of the armored jawless fishes of the Paleozoic.


oniscoid

(zoology) A member of the Oniscoidea; a woodlouse.


laciniation

en-noun

laciniation (countable and uncountable, plural laciniations)

(botany, zoology) A laciniate form or appearance; division into deep, narrow, irregular lobes.


lanosity

Distinguished from H. crenulatus and allied species by the lanosity of the hands ; from H. oregonensis in its nearly straight and dilated front.

1907, Alfred Geddes Maddren, Smithsonian Exploration in Alaska in 1904: In Search of Mammoth and Other Fossil Remains, Smithsonian Institution, page 126:

1953, Reed Clark Rollins (editor-in-chief), Rhodora, Volume 55, New England Botanical Club, page 56,
Similar to typical A. frigida Meyer in its general appearance and technical characters, but the lanosity of the tegules and of the hypocephalum is completely lacking, being replaced by a fine glandulosity.

(botany, zoology, rare) The quality of being lanose, or woolly.


elepidote

(botany) Any plant that is not lepidote.


nemophila

(botany) Any plant of the genus Nemophila in the family Boraginaceae


neophytic

(biology) Being or relating to a neophyte.


archaeophytic

(biology) Being or relating to an archaeophyte.


ixora

He could see[…]some ragged red ixora hedges that need fixing up.

2022, Ayanna Lloyd Banwo, When We Were Birds, Hamish Hamilton, page 26:

(botany) Any of the flowering plants in the genus Ixora.


mallein

Latin malleus (“glanders”) and suffix -in.

A further supply of mallein has been elaborated; examinations of samples of locusts, urine, etc., have been made.

1901 June 21, H. Watkins-Pitchford, “Veterinary Departmental Report for April, 1901”, in The Agricultural Journal and Mining Record, volume 4, number 8, page 247:

(biochemistry) A protein fraction obtained from Burkholderia mallei, used in testing for glanders.


histodynamic

Each mouse received an intra-peritoneal injection of calcein (10 mg/kg body weight; Sigma 0875-10G) 7 and 2 days before euthanasia in order to perform a histodynamic analysis of the bone formation rate.

2016 February 2, “Decreased Bone Formation Explains Osteoporosis in a Genetic Mouse Model of Hemochromatosiss”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biology) histological and dynamic (varying over time)


internexin

For example, internexin neuronal intermediate filament protein alpha (Ina) is located within 1 Mb of Gsto1 at 47.01 Mb and is associated with a strong cis-eQTL (1448992_at; LOD = 20).

2016 February 2, “The Genetic Architecture of Murine Glutathione Transferases”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) A particular neurofilament protein.


propentdyopent

(biochemistry) Any of a class of compounds formed as metabolites of heme that become bile pigments


succinylome

These results provide the first in-depth analysis of the lysine succinylome and novel insights into the role of succinylation in tomato, thereby elucidating lysine succinylation in the context of cellular physiology and metabolite biosynthesis in plants.

2016 February 2, “Proteome-Wide Identification of Lysine Succinylation in the Proteins of Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum )”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) All the products of succinylation, especially of lysine


thelyblast

From Ancient Greek θῆλυς (thêlus, “female”) + -blast.

af

(biology) The nucleus of the impregnated ovum, as distinguished from that of the spermatozoon (called the masculonucleus or arsenoblast).


hydrophiine

(zoology) Any sea snake of the subfamily Hydrophiinae


bolivinid

(zoology) Any foram in the family Bolivinidae.


buliminid

(zoology) Any snail in the family Buliminidae.


lagenid

(zoology) Any foraminifer in the family Lagenidae.


microspheric

(zoology) Of a foraminifer: large in size, but having a small initial chamber.


hypusination

Here, we suggest that such diverse post-translational modifications, including the β-lysylation/rhamnosylation of EF-P (and the hypusination of eIF5A) (Fig 8 ), are typical examples of “convergent evolution”.

2016 February 4, “Neisseria meningitidis Translation Elongation Factor P and Its Active-Site Arginine Residue Are Essential for Cell Viability”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


mesosyntenic

Eight scaffolds were joined that exhibited mesosyntenic relationships (Table 2 ).

2016 February 4, “Comprehensive Annotation of the Parastagonospora nodorum Reference Genome Using Next-Generation Genomics, Transcriptomics and Proteogenomics”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biology) Relating to, or exhibiting mesosynteny


mesosynteny

(genetics, biology) The sharing of large chromosomal regions with the same genes without preservation of order across species


mevaldate

From mevaldic acid + -ate (“salt or ester”).

For instance, EC 1.1.1.32 and 1.1.1.33 represent two mevaldate reductases, both catalyse the conversion of (R)-mevalonate to mevaldate but respectively use NAD + and NADP + as a cofactor [16 ].

2016 February 4, “Characterising Complex Enzyme Reaction Data”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) Any salt or ester of mevaldic acid.


sphragis

The plastic mass begins to harden quite rapidly, probably within a few minutes but, as largely hollow sphragides have been dissected from pairs killed in copula, possibly more than one ejaculation may be required to complete the body of the sphragis.

1999, Roger Laurence Kitching, Biology of Australian Butterflies, page 129:

Mated females of many acraeine species bear an unusual structure around their genital opening. Such structures are called sphragides (singular: sphragis), or more rarely spermatophragma (Ehrlich & Ehrlich, 1978; Orr, 1995).

2008, Andrew F. E. Neild, The butterflies of Venezuela:

Bert first began studying sphragides in the Australian Big Greasy. The male, patterned in red, white, and black, is larger than the female and violent in his mating.

2009, Sharman Apt Russell, An Obsession With Butterflies: Our Long Love Affair With A Singular Insect:

(zoology, especially entomology) A mating plug in the genital opening of a female, formed from a waxy secretion deposited by a male during mating.


reverse mermaid

en-noun

reverse mermaid (plural reverse mermaids)

(cryptozoology) A mythical creature, woman from the waist down, fish from the waist up.


DPD

dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase
dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase#English

(biochemistry) Initialism of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase.


mammo-

New Latin combining form, from Latin mamma (noun, literally “female breast”), ultimately cognate with mama and mom.

uder

(biology, medicine) relating to the mammary organs (mammary glands, breasts, udders, and dugs), or to females


angusticanaliculate

From Latin angustus (“narrow”) and canaliculate.

Angusticanaliculate: The pore canals are long, narrow, and straight. The canals are small (0.01-0.1 mm) and not very abundant (about 3-20/100 mm²), so there is relatively less gas exchange than other pore types (e.g., multicanaliculate).

1999, Kenneth Carpenter, Eggs, Nests, and Baby Dinosaurs: A Look at Dinosaur Reproduction:

(zoology, of an egg from pseudo-avian dinosaurs) Having a pore system in which pores are approximately 10μm in diameter and are straight, unbranching and long, with a low pore density.


kaempferia

(botany) Any of the genus Kaempferia of plants in the ginger family, native to Asia.


pleurostoma

From pleuro- (“lateral”) + Ancient Greek στόμα (stóma, “mouth”).

af

(entomology, anatomy) Part of the subgenal area above the mandible of an insect


subgena

(zoology, anatomy) The subgenal area of an insect.


enantiostylous

(botany) Exhibiting, or relating to, enantiostyly.


etepimeletic

en-adj

etepimeletic (comparative more etepimeletic, superlative most etepimeletic)

more etepimeletic (comparative)
most etepimeletic (superlative)

(zoology) Of animal behaviours: aimed at receiving care from others.


extrorsely

en-adv

extrorsely (comparative more extrorsely, superlative most extrorsely)

more extrorsely (comparative)
most extrorsely (superlative)


chemical genomics

In this article, we will provide a detailed analysis of the current state of chemical genomics and its potential impact on biological and medical research, and pharmaceutical development.

2012, Zheng XFS, Chan T-F, “Chemical genomics: a systematic approach in biological research and drug discovery”, in Cell, page 33:

Such obstacles prompted the development of small chemical inhibitors to dissect biological pathways in an approach popularly known as chemical genomics.

2015, Baral A, Bhalerao RP, “Exploring exocytosis using chemical genomics”, in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, page 14:

(biochemistry, biology) a research method using small molecule inhibitors known to target specific proteins to examine the role of those specific proteins in biological (typically biochemical) processes


racqueted

Sometimes one finds oneself in the domain of the Motmots, which look at you from their thickets, swinging their curious racqueted tails from right to left after the manner of a clock's pendulum, and uttering bubbling notes...

1922, The Avicultural Magazine, page 163:

All 3 African birds in this group have long outer tail feathers, racqueted in C. spatulata.

2010, Bruce Campbell, Elizabeth Lack, A Dictionary of Birds, →ISBN, page 516:

C. spatulata agrees with abyssinica in its pale blue underparts, but it has a long, forked, racqueted tail which is rather different in pattern, and it has rufous brown (not pale blue) greater wing-coverts.

1978, David William Snow, An atlas of speciation in African non-passerine birds, page 312:

(ornithology) Having a spatulate endpart beyond the main tail section.


araneocenosis

This species is among the one of the flagship species for conservation activities and nature protection efforts aimed on araneocenosis in the condition of the Central Europe.

2016 February 5, “Impact of Canopy Openness on Spider Communities: Implications for Conservation Management of Formerly Coppiced Oak Forests”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(ecology) All the spiders that live in a particular habitat


euryvalent

In our study locations, habitat structures in the changeover from open stands to dense stands included spider species expanding from both extremes but likely maintaining a suitable environment only for common and euryvalent species, while the presence of conservationally important species rose by a significant 65% with higher canopy openness.

(ecology, of an organism) That adapts well to changing environmental conditions


bradyrhizose

These bacteria display a unique LPS O-antigen composed of a new sugar, the bradyrhizose that is regarded as a key symbiotic factor due to its non-immunogenic character.

2016 February 6, “The LPS O -Antigen in Photosynthetic Bradyrhizobium Strains Is Dispensable for the Establishment of a Successful Symbiosis with Aeschynomene Legumes”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) An inositol-fused monosaccharide associated with bacteria of the genus Bradyrhizobium


epylisin

The most notable gene in this cluster is MMP28, which encodes epylisin, a novel human matrix metalloproteinase expressed in keratinocytes and associated with cell proliferation during repair after response to epithelial injury [23, 24 ].

2016 February 6, “Molecular and Cellular Profiling of Scalp Psoriasis Reveals Differences and Similarities Compared to Skin Psoriasis”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) A particular human matrix metalloproteinase


excitosome

We hope that this work will trigger more future study that will lead to the full characterization of the newcomer SG excitosome as has been worked out for the predocked SG excitosome.

2016 February 6, “Syntaxin-3 Binds and Regulates Both R- and L-Type Calcium Channels in Insulin-Secreting INS-1 832/13 Cells”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) A complex of proteins which, together with calcium ions, triggers secretion


chronogeny

The probability is, that most of these orders have existed during all the organic periods of our planet; but, owing to various circumstances, especially to some being without any enduring remains, their chronogeny will long remain one of the most difficult problems in Malacology.

1850, William King, A Monograph of the Permian Fossils of England, Digitally Printed Edition, published 2015, page 201:

The chronogeny of the various elements is in full accord with the structural progress along both lines of derivation;[…].

1894, Palaeontology of New-York, Volume 8, Part 2, page 322:

Thus it is evident that we must use the very greatest care in the correlation of the chronogeny and the phylogeny of the echinoderms, and we must be continually on the watch for sudden and aberrant deviations and specializations in the older as well as in the most recent types.

1915, Austin Hobart Clark, A Monograph of the Existing Crinoids, U.S. Government Printing Office, page 7:

(dated, geology, paleontology) The chronology of a thing's origin and development.


conopeptide

(biochemistry) Any of a group of oligopeptides found in cone snails.


dephosphatase

Indeed, PKC CK2α has been shown to selectively phosphorylate DUSP6 and increase its dephosphatase activity [49 ].

2016 February 10, “Differential Roles for DUSP Family Members in Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition and Cancer Stem Cell Regulation in Breast Cancer”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


epiplakin

en-noun

epiplakin (countable and uncountable, plural epiplakins)

Together with epiplakin they function to bundle and assemble intermediate filaments[35 ,36 ].

2016 February 10, “SuperSILAC Quantitative Proteome Profiling of Murine Middle Ear Epithelial Cell Remodeling with NTHi”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


gene transcription

gene transcription (countable and uncountable, plural gene transcriptions)

(biochemistry, genetics) The copying of DNA segments into RNA, by RNA polymerase, as the first stage of gene expression.


biocenometer

Our biocenometer was a bottomless cube of 1 m side, whose sides and top were covered with a fine netting mesh.

2016 February 13, “Omnivory of an Insular Lizard: Sources of Variation in the Diet of Podarcis lilfordi (Squamata, Lacertidae)”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biology) A bottomless cube or cylinder used to trap, and then count, small animals, insects etc.


chitoporin

Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase, a copper-dependent enzyme, attacks recalcitrant chitin polysaccharides [4 ,5 ], while endochitinases hydrolyse long chitin chains to chitin oligosaccharides, which are then transported through the bacterial cell wall by chitoporin or ChiP.

2016 February 13, “Probing the Catalytic Mechanism of Vibrio harveyi GH20 ?-N -Acetylglucosaminidase by Chemical Rescue”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) A porin associated with bacterial cell walls


chitosugar

(biochemistry) Any of a class of sugars associated with bacterial cell walls


epimeletic

en-adj

epimeletic (comparative more epimeletic, superlative most epimeletic)

more epimeletic (comparative)
most epimeletic (superlative)

In the neonatal related COD, according to a fisher who had recovered the carcass, the cutaneous lesions were caused by the mother, or other group members, trying to maintain the animal in motion or to make it surface, following an epimeletic behavior.

2016 February 13, “Assessing Disease and Mortality among Small Cetaceans Stranded at a World Heritage Site in Southern Brazil”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biology) Relating to altruistic behaviour towards an injured animal


fucolectin

(biochemistry) Any lectin that binds fucose


postpetiolar

(anatomy, entomology) Of or pertaining to the postpetiole


acidogenesis

Investigating the functional effects of dentifrices (for example, the inhibition of acidogenesis or proteolysis) at sub-lethal concentrations is normally achieved (for acidogenesis inhibition) by exposing oral bacteria to diluted formulations and assessing changes in pH with a microelectrode, or by the chemical analyses of fermentation acids.

2016 February 17, “Simultaneous Assessment of Acidogenesis-Mitigation and Specific Bacterial Growth-Inhibition by Dentifrices”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) The biochemical formation of acids


chromosomology

In this study, morphology, growth rate, chromosomology, cytochemistry and molecular biology analysis of hiPSCs cultured on hUC-MSCs feeder in comparison to those on MEF feeder confirmed the characteristics of hiPSCs were of pluripotent stem cell properties.

2016 February 17, “Development of a Xeno-Free Feeder-Layer System from Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Prolonged Expansion of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in Culture”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


destabilase

en-noun

destabilase (countable and uncountable, plural destabilases)

Amino acid residues contributing to substrate binding are indicated by empty circles, those contributing to destabilase activity are indicated by black diamonds and those contributing to a potential dimerization are indicated by empty squares.

2016 February 17, “Multiple I-Type Lysozymes in the Hydrothermal Vent Mussel Bathymodiolus azoricus and Their Role in Symbiotic Plasticity”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) A form of lysozyme (isopeptidase) found in the secretions from the salivary glands of medicinal leeches


autobiotinylation

However, the degree of glutamine labelling was obviously low, and controls without rp39 showed autobiotinylation of the enzyme.

2016 February 18, “Involvement of a Novel Class C Beta-Lactamase in the Transglutaminase Mediated Cross-Linking Cascade of Streptomyces mobaraensis DSM 40847”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) enzymatic biotinylation of an enzyme itself


basitibia

Coordinate term: distitibia

Leg I: Tibia with 23 articles and tarsus (basitarsus+distitarsus) with 41 articles. Leg IV (Fig. 13): Basitibia with 4 pseudoarticles and 1 medial trichobothrium on the last article. Distitibia with 3 basal and 15 distal trichobothria; frontal and caudal series with 6 trichobothria each.

2014 August 1, Ana Caroline O. Vasconcelos, Alessandro P. L. Giupponi, Rodrigo L. Ferreira, “A new species of Charinus from Minas Gerais State, Brazil, with comments on its sexual dimorphism (Arachnida: Amblypygi: Charinidae)”, in The Journal of Arachnology, volume 42, number 2, →DOI, page 159:

All new species can be differentiated from the other species of the genus by the number of pseudo-articles in basitibia IV, the presence/absence of median eyes, and the shape of the female gonopod.

2016 February 17, Alessandro Ponce de Leão Giupponi, Gustavo Silva de Miranda, “Eight New Species of Charinus Simon, 1892 (Arachnida: Amblypygi: Charinidae) Endemic for the Brazilian Amazon, with Notes on Their Conservational Status”, in PLOS One, volume 11, number 2, →DOI, page 1:

(zoology) The portion of the tibia of an arachnid that is closest to the body.


caducifolious

From Latin caducus (“that easily falls”) + folium (“leaf”).

compound

With a 8,514,877 km² territory size and six biomes (Amazon Forest (humid broad leaf forest), Caatinga (small woody and herbaceous deciduous, caducifolious, spiny species), Cerrado (open tree and shrub woodland [19 ]), Atlantic Forest (costal forest), Pantanal (tropical swampland) and Pampa (grasslands)) Brazil has records of just 17 species of these arachnids in all biomes, except in the Pampa where amblypygids are not found.

2016 February 18, “Eight New Species of Charinus Simon, 1892 (Arachnida: Amblypygi: Charinidae) Endemic for the Brazilian Amazon, with Notes on Their Conservational Status”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


pleiomeric

Upon further changes these flowers became oligo- or pleiomeric.

1925, Botanical Abstracts - Volume 14, page 62:

As for the many species and varieties of angiosperms, horticultural or natural, with their pleiomeric and meiomeric floral members, petaloid stamens, staminoid petals, carpelloid stamens, etc., it would be difficult to assert absolutely whether we were concerned with disorganizations or neo-organizations.

1970, Claude Wilson Wardlaw, Cellular Differentiation in Plants: And Other Essays, page 141:

In the Celastrales and structurally similar Orders such as Rutales Malvales, Sapindales, the gynoecium appears, in different genera, to be either truly compound (connate ovaries derived from two or more female sporoclades) or falsely compound (expanded or pleiomeric derived from one female sporoclade only).

1983, P. J. Faulks, Early Ancestry and Evolution of the Higher Plants, page 60:

(botany) Having more than the usual number or variety of structures.

The great variety of nucleotide conformations which occur in these large asymmetric units has prompted us to describe them as pleiomeric, a term used in botany to describe whorls having more than the usual number of structures.

1983, Struther Arnott, R. Chandrasekaran, A.K. Banerjee, Rungen He, J.K. Walker, “New wrinkles on polynucleotide duplexes”, in Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, volume 1, number 2:

The morphological differences between this pleiomeric DNA polymer and closely-related, but more symmetrical allomorphs are just as great as those observed in short DNA fragments in crystals.

1985, Cambridge Scientific Biochemistry Abstracts: Nucleic acids:

An American chemist has stated the pleiomeric chemicals in onions have the potential to alleviate or prevent sore throat.

2012, Yadav Anuj, Singh Sanjay Kumar, Kumar Navneet, “Nutrientional and medicinal value of onion”, in Annals of Horticulture, volume 5, number 2:

(biochemistry) Having large, asymmetric nucleotide formations.


sophorotriose

The opposite side of subsite +1 from Arg572 is connected to a large empty space appearing to be subsite +2 for the binding of sophorotriose (Glc-β-1,2-Glc-β-1,2-Glc) in spite of the higher K m value for sophorotriose than that for sophorose.

2016 February 18, “Functional and Structural Analysis of a ?-Glucosidase Involved in ?-1,2-Glucan Metabolism in Listeria innocua”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) A trisaccharide present in sophorolipid


spectraplakin

Thus it is possible that in Schwann cells, Dst is involved in any or all of intermediate filament organization, basement membrane formation and mediation of signaling of specific integrin complexes—none of which are present in OLs. Further explanation may exist for the seemingly disposable nature of neuronal Dst in OLs. In mammals, a second member of the spectraplakin exists: microtubule-actin crosslinking factor 1 (Macf1; variantly actin crosslinking family 7/Acf7).

2016 February 18, “Cytoskeletal Linker Protein Dystonin Is Not Critical to Terminal Oligodendrocyte Differentiation or CNS Myelination”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) Any of a group of exceptionally long, intracellular proteins that have the rare ability to bind to all three cytoskeletal elements: actin, microtubules, and intermediate filaments


bioreduce

en-verb

bioreduce (third-person singular simple present bioreduces, present participle bioreducing, simple past and past participle bioreduced)

bioreduces (present singular third-person)
bioreducing (participle present)
bioreduced (participle past)
bioreduced (past)

(biochemistry) To biologically or biochemically reduce


epiclinal

(botany) Situated on the receptacle or disk of a flower


laminaritetraose

Between the N and C-terminal domains, the model contains an electronegatively charged wide groove comprising several conserved residues that include the above catalytic residues and four amino acid residues; Thr156, Asn158, Trp163 and Thr167 involved in sugar binding that accommodate the laminaritetraose molecule.

2016 February 19, “Prediction of Certain Well-Characterized Domains of Known Functions within the PE and PPE Proteins of Mycobacteria”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) An oligosaccharide composed of two laminaribiose moieties


progenote

It is sometimes assumed that the concepts of LUCA and progenote are the same by definition; more correctly, it is hypothesised that LUCA was a progenote.

Inaccuracy of information transfer would manifest itself in two ways that strongly shape the nature of the progenote. It would severely limit the number of different genes the progenote could carry, and the generally lower biological specificity would then mean that overall, fine-tuned, feed-back mechanisms that make the cell today the smooth functioning whole that it is, would be missing.

1986, D. S. Bendall, Evolution From Molecules to Men, →ISBN, page 223:

The progenote model sees organisms as genetically communal and the community as evolving as a whole, not the individual cell lines therein.

2005, Jan Sapp, Microbial Phylogeny and Evolution: Concepts and Controversies, →ISBN:

As to the physical nature and organization of progenotes, Woese was carefully and purposely agnostic, but he entertained the possibility that progenotes were precellular entities lacking even a bounding membrane.

2014, Franklin M. Harold, In Search of Cell History: The Evolution of Life's Building Blocks, →ISBN:

(biology, evolutionary theory) Any (hypothesised) primordial organism in which the relationship between genotype and phenotype was still evolving.


immunoproteomics

Our results suggest that the combination of immunoproteomics and bioinformatics analyses is a promising method for the identification of novel candidate antigens for vaccine development or with potential use in the development of sensitive diagnostic tests.

2016 February 24, “Identification of Immunoreactive Leishmania infantum Protein Antigens to Asymptomatic Dog Sera through Combined Immunoproteomics and Bioinformatics Analysis”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) The study of an immunoproteome


airshoot

At the end of the vegetation period not only the flower-bearing airshoot, but also smaller or greater parts of the purely vegetative stems die away.

1933, Gunnar Seidenfaden, Paul Emil Elliot Gelting, Thorvald Julius Sørensen, The Vascular Plants of Northeast Greenland from 74 ̊30' to 79 ̊00' N. Lat. and a Summary of All Species Found in East Greenland, page 292:

To understand the genus more fully, the enthusiastic student should research its additional specialized structures such as rhizoids, airshoots, scales, bracts, bracteoles, and quadrifid glands.

2006, Barry A. Rice, Barry Meyers-Rice, Growing Carnivorous Plants, page 150:

The British species of Utricularia which produce 'earthshoots' never show the second form of modification, the 'airshoot' ( L in Fig. 65, p . 98), which occurs only in U. vulgaris and in the closely allied U. neglecta.

2010, Agnes Arber, Water Plants: A Study of Aquatic Angiosperms, page 97:

(botany) A filiform shoot of a water plant that floats on the surface of the water and contains bract-like organs.

As soon as the airshoots appear they should be hoed, and if the hoeing is continued so as to check the airshoots, the weed may ultimately be destroyed.

1914, Robert Patrick Wright, The Standard Cyclopedia of Modern Agriculture and Rural Economy, page 126:

(botany) A root-like structure that runs along the surface of the ground, putting down roots at a distance as a form of propagation.


zygaenine

(zoology) Of or relating to the Zygaeninae, a subfamily of moths.


percine

An other type of diprotamine contains arginine and histidine: the percine [from the perch, Perca flavescens] belongs to this group.

2012, Christoph Scholtissek with B.M. Richards, R. Vendrely, C. Vendrely, and D.P. Bloch, Chemistry and Cytochemistry of Nucleic Acids and Nuclear Proteins, Springer, →ISBN, page 16:

Perca flavescens
Perca flavescens#Translingual

(biochemistry) A protamine found in the sperm of yellow perch Perca flavescens


neuralize

neuralize (third-person singular simple present neuralizes, present participle neuralizing, simple past and past participle neuralized)

neuralizes (present singular third-person)
neuralizing (participle present)
neuralized (participle past)
neuralized (past)

(biology, transitive) To differentiate cells to form neurons.


monograptid

clipping

translingual <i class="Latn mention" lang="mul">Monograptidae</i>

(zoology) Any graptolite of the family Monograptidae.


zoopharmacognosy

(zoology, pharmacology, medicine) The non-human knowledge and practise of medicine and medicaments (non-human animals' own knowledge, behaviours and culture, involving their own treatments of their own ailments).


chrismon

From Medieval Latin crismon (New Latin chrismus, chrismum, chrismos), of uncertain origin.
In the 18th century adopted in German as Chrismon or Chrismum, plural Chrismen. English in the 19th century.
The word was revived for a type of Christmas decoration in the mid 20th century, now with a popular etymology of its being a portmanteau of Christus + monogram.

The document usually begins with a verbal invocation (such as In Dei nomine, amen) or a chrismon (often Christ's monogram formed from the letters XP)

1970, Encyclopedia Britannica, volume 7, page 478:

(palaeography) A stylised siglum or character interpreted as an invocation of Christ in Merovingian and Carolingian documents.


Feulgen stain

(biochemistry) A histological stain used to identify chromosomal material or DNA in cell specimens, based on acid hydrolysis of DNA.


tritonia

(botany) Any of the genus Tritonia of flowering plants in the iris family.


argemone

(botany) Any of the genus Argemone of flowering plants, the prickly poppies.


karyomiton

(cytology, rare, obsolete) The reticular network of fine fibers, of which the nucleus of a cell is in part composed.


multicanaliculate

(zoology, of an egg from pseudo-avian dinosaurs) Having numerous, large, branching, and closely spaced pore canals. They have a high gas exchange rate, so like tubocanaliculate eggs they were probably also buried humid mounds.


tubocanaliculate

(zoology, of an egg from pseudo-avian dinosaurs) Having large-diameter pores with funnel-shaped openings on both inner and outer surfaces of the shell. These eggs would have a high gas exchange rate, and therefore were probably buried in humid mounds.


obliquicanaliculate

(zoology, of an egg from pseudo-avian dinosaurs) Having pore canals cut diagonally through multiple eggshell units instead of going between them like in other pore systems. Obliquicanaliculate pores are only found in a single oogenus: Preprismatoolithus.


prolatocanaliculate

(zoology, of an egg from pseudo-avian dinosaurs) Having pores which vary in width throughout their length. Gas exchange water water loss rates are variable, so these eggs could have been laid in many different environments. This type is subdivided into foveocanaliculate with larger pore openings, and lagenocanaliculate with narrower pore openings.


rimocanaliculate

(zoology, of an egg from pseudo-avian dinosaurs) Having very narrow, slit-like pore canals. This pore system is seen in modern ostriches, so these eggs were laid in open nests, similar to how ostriches do today.


foveocanaliculate

(zoology, of an egg from pseudo-avian dinosaurs) Having prolatocanaliculate-type pores, with larger openings.


lagenocanaliculate

From Ancient Greek λάγηνος (lágēnos, “flagon, pitcher, flask”) + canaliculate.

der

(zoology, of an egg from pseudo-avian dinosaurs) Having prolatocanaliculate-type pores, with a narrower openings.


anastomotuberculate

(zoology, of dinosaurian eggshell ornamentations (textures)) Having ridges similar to lineartuberculate eggshells, but instead form wavy, branching, or anastomosing patterns resembling the water ripple marks in sand


lineartuberculate

(zoology, of dinosaurian eggshell ornamentations (textures)) Having ridges, and chains of ridges and nodes form lines parallel to the long axis of the egg.


dispersituberculate

(zoology, of dinosaurian eggshell ornamentations (textures)) Having scattered nodes - this ornamentation is seen on the poles of elongated eggs, which may have allowed accumulations C_(O2) at the poles to escape between the nodes.


sagenotuberculate

(zoology, of dinosaurian eggshell ornamentations (textures)) Having nodes and ridges that form a netlike pattern interspersed with pits and grooves.


compactituberculate

(zoology, of dinosaurian eggshell ornamentations (textures)) Having dome-shaped tops of the shell units which form a dense covering of nodes on the surface of the eggshell.


ramotuberculate

(zoology, of dinosaurian eggshell ornamentations (textures)) Having irregular chains of nodes, typically found as a transition between the lineartuberculate midsection and dispersituberculate ends of elongated eggs.


mechanoporation

(biology) The process by which a traumatic insult produces sublethal pores or defects in the membrane.


haplodiploidy

(biology) A sex-determination system in which males develop from unfertilized eggs and are haploid, and females develop from fertilized eggs and are diploid.


mechanotransducive

2016, Nature, Scientific Reports, Strain and rate-dependent neuronal injury in a 3D in vitro compression model of traumatic brain injury
Next, the role of integrins and their mechanotransducive capacity in neurons remains to be determined, which will have implications on the composition (e.g., laminin vs. collagen) and physical stiffness of the ECM.

(biology) Of, or characterized by mechanotransduction.


avivore

(biology) Any animal that is specialized at preying on birds.


posticously

en-adv

posticously (comparative more posticously, superlative most posticously)

more posticously (comparative)
most posticously (superlative)

When incomplete, the deficiency, so far as I know at present, appears always to take place posticously.

1836, Madras literary society, John Carnac Morris, The Madras Journal of Literature and Science, Edited by J. C. Morris, F. R. S. Secretary of the Madras Literary Society, &c., The Auspices of the Madras Literary Society and Auxiliary of the Royal Asiatic Society, page 1836

Disc free, posticously dilated, fleshy. Ovary slightly laterally compressed, quadrangular (angles keeled), 2-celled g cells undivided, equal; ovules 2-seriate.

2014, William T. Thiselton-Dyer, Flora Capensis - Volume 4: Part 2 - Hydrophyllaceae to Pedalineae, Cambridge University Press, page 457

(botany, not comparable) In a manner with which, or a phytological conformation within which a physical aspect, especially the extrorse anther, is situated on the outer side of a filament.


BAR

en-adj

BAR (comparative more BAR, superlative most BAR)

more BAR (comparative)
most BAR (superlative)

Coordinate term: ADR

Anytime you notice your horse is ADR instead of BAR, it's time to get on the phone to your vet.

2018, Kendra Gale, The Big Book of Miniature Horses, Trafalgar Square Books, →ISBN:

(veterinary medicine, slang) Acronym of bright, alert, responsive.


karyogenetic

We also concluded that karyogenetic characters were not as a rule recapitulatory, because they imply a change in the nuclear unit which is transmitted by mitosis to every cell […]

These stand midway between karyogenetic and organismal characters.

1923, Botanical Abstracts, volume 12, page 537:

Some of the dioecious plants such as Trichoeanthes palmata and Cocoinia indica offer a good field for the understanding of the karyogenetic basis for the manifestation of sex.

1976, Aspects of Plant Sciences, page 93:

(genetics) Of or pertaining to karyogenesis; heritable.


photoblastic

(biology) Of a seed: having its germination affected by light, either positively or negatively.


homomorphosis

(biology) Regeneration in which the new part is like the part removed; replacement of a lost part by a similar part.


homotonic

(biology, rare) Of uniform tension or tonicity.


papayotin

(biochemistry) A proteolytic enzyme found in the papaw, resembling papain in its action.


magnorder

From Latin magnus (“large, great, important”) + order.

der

(taxonomy) A taxon one rank above a superorder, and below gigaorder or a class. A magnorder is the highest taxonomic ranking of order.


mirorder

mirorders (plural)
hyperorder (alternative)

From Latin mirus (“strange, wonderful”) + order.

Primatomorpha is a mirorder of mammals.

(taxonomy) A taxonomic ranking just below grandorder and above order.


grandorder

(taxonomy) A taxonomic ranking below superorder and above mirorder.


capaxorder

From Latin capax (“large, spacious”) + order.


gigaorder

(taxonomy, zoology) The highest taxon of order, above magnorder and below a class.


nanorder

(taxonomy, rare) A taxon below order and hypoorder.


hypoorder

(taxonomy) A taxon below nanorder and above minorder


minorder

(taxonomy) A taxon below hypoorder and above suborder.