protochlorophylline

(biochemistry) A product of reduction of the green principle of chlorophyll.


rotaceous

(botany) Synonym of rotate (“wheel-shaped”).


Sachs's curvature

(botany) A curved growth of the root, due to a difference in the rate of growth of the two sides of the organ.


scyphiphorous

(biology, rare) Bearing cup-like structures.


setaceo-serrate

(botany) Having the serratures ending in a bristle-like point or seta.


heteromallous

en-adj

heteromallous (comparative more heteromallous, superlative most heteromallous)

more heteromallous (comparative)
most heteromallous (superlative)


heteromericarpy

Lisaea heterocarpa
Lisaea heterocarpa#Translingual

(botany) The condition of a binary fruit whose halves differ from each other, as in Lisaea heterocarpa for example.


heterophyadic

(botany) Having fertile stems of different form from the barren stems, as in some species of Equisetum.


homophyadic

(botany) Having fertile and barren stems of the same form.


heterorhizal

(biology) Having roots or similar organs proceeding from any indeterminate portion of a spore in germination, or rooting from no fixed point.


hexagonoid

(botany) Of the areolae of ferns: hexagonal and bordered by veins.


gamogastrous

(botany) Of a pistil: formed by the more or less complete union of ovaries, the styles and stigmas remaining free.


polyphylogeny

(biology) Lineage through several lines.


zooidiogamous

(biology) Having at least one gamete that is actively motile, flagellate, ciliate, or amoeboid.


vittin

(biochemistry, obsolete, rare) A corky cell wall substance found in the more watery vittae of Umbelliferae.


verticillastrate

verticillastrate (comparative more verticillastrate, superlative most verticillastrate)

more verticillastrate (comparative)
most verticillastrate (superlative)


gnaur

(botany) A bur or knotty excrescence on a tree trunk or root, probably from a cluster of adventitious buds.


goniautoicous

(botany) Describing the male inflorescence of a moss, bud-like and axillary on a female branch.


goneoclinic

goneoclinic (comparative more goneoclinic, superlative most goneoclinic)

more goneoclinic (comparative)
most goneoclinic (superlative)

(biology) Of a hybrid: approximating one of its parents, rather than being intermediate between both.


gonimolobe

(biology) The terminal tuft of a gonimoblast.


gonoplasm

(botany) In Peronosporeae, that portion of the protoplasm of the antheridium that passes through the fertilization tube and coalesces with the oosphere.


gonotaxis

(biology) The movement of antherozoids towards the female organ.


gossypine

gossypine (comparative more gossypine, superlative most gossypine)

more gossypine (comparative)
most gossypine (superlative)

(botany) Cottony; flocculent, like the hairs on the seeds of Gossypium.


growth form

(biology) A vegetative structure marked by some characteristic feature that does not indicate genetic affinity, such as tree, shrub, or sprout-fungus.


gymnaxony

(botany, rare) The situation where the placenta protrudes through the ovary.


pantogenous

(mycology) Growing everywhere, not confined to a single host.


paragalactan

(biochemistry) A reserve substance in the seeds of lupins.


peltatodigitate

(botany) Of a leaf: digitate, with the petiole much enlarged at the insertion of the leaflets.


pseudobulbil

Acriopsis javanica
Acriopsis javanica#Translingual

(botany) A growth from the roots of Acriopsis javanica composed of two internodes and bearing leaves at the apex.


pseudanthic

(botany) Simulating a simple flower, but composed of more than a single axis, with subsidiary flowers.


inadhering

(botany, anatomy) Synonym of inadherent.


imbibition theory

(botany, historical) The suggestion (by Julius von Sachs) that water ascended in plants by a chemical process in the cell walls, and not by actual passage upwards through vessels.


nectarotheca

(botany) The portion of a flower that immediately surrounds a nectariferous pore.


enantioblastic

(botany) Having the embryo at the end of the seed diametrically opposite the hilum.


heterandrous

(botany) Having stamens of differing sizes.


heterandry

(botany) The condition of being heterandrous.


heteronemeous

(botany) Producing thread-like bodies upon germination, which afterwards unite, as in bryophytes and pteridophytes.


oligotaxy

(botany) The decrease in the number of whorls in a flower.


ovenchyma

(biology) Loose tissue of oval-shaped cells.


heterotristyly

(botany) Heterostyly involving three different kinds of style.


heterodistyly

(botany) Heterostyly involving two different kinds of style (such as long and short).


hekistotherm

(botany) A plant that needs little heat and can withstand long periods of darkness.


emprosthodromous

(botany) Of a flower: such that the genetic spiral on its shortest way from the bract to the outermost perianth-segment passes outside the flower, farthest from the axis.


hadromase

Serpula lacrymans
Serpula lacrymans#Translingual

(biochemistry) An enzyme found in certain fungi, such as Serpula lacrymans, that attacks the hadrome and destroys its lignified cell walls.


metaphery

(botany) The displacement of organs, as when alternate become opposite, etc.


tetrapyrenous

(botany) Having four stones or seeds in the fruit.


acroblastic

(botany) Describing the branch of an inflorescence that arises from a terminal bud.


eugeogenous

(botany) Relating to rocks readily yielding detritus, and the plants that grow on it.


lepanthium

(botany) A petal that contains a nectary.


leptophloem

(botany) Rudimentary phloem, for storage or conduction of food material.


lip cell

(botany) Either of a pair of narrow lignified cells on the sporangia of some annulate ferns, distinct from the annulus, which are the first to separate on dehiscence.


liguliform

liguliform (comparative more liguliform, superlative most liguliform)

more liguliform (comparative)
most liguliform (superlative)


lipoxeny

(botany) The desertion of a host plant by a parasite to complete its development on reserve materials previously obtained from the host, as in the falling away of ergot.


lithospermous

lithospermous (comparative more lithospermous, superlative most lithospermous)

more lithospermous (comparative)
most lithospermous (superlative)


inenchyma

(botany) Fibrocellular tissue whose cells have the appearance of spiral vessels, as in Sphagnum.


rhizophyllaceous

(botany, obsolete, rare) Belonging to those ferns whose fronds are attached to the rhizome or root.


rhodochrous

rhodochrous (comparative more rhodochrous, superlative most rhodochrous)

more rhodochrous (comparative)
most rhodochrous (superlative)


self-breed

en-verb

self-breed (third-person singular simple present self-breeds, present participle self-breeding, simple past and past participle self-bred)

self-breeds (present singular third-person)
self-breeding (participle present)
self-bred (participle past)
self-bred (past)

(botany, intransitive) To reproduce by self-fertilization.


spinellose

en-adj

spinellose (comparative more spinellose, superlative most spinellose)

more spinellose (comparative)
most spinellose (superlative)

(botany) Armed with small spines or hairs.


switch-plant

(botany) Any plant whose leaves are absent or reduced, with green shoots acting in place of leaves.


chryseous

chryseous (comparative more chryseous, superlative most chryseous)

more chryseous (comparative)
most chryseous (superlative)


hyperpneustic

In the most primitive condition twelve spiracles are present, being located on each of the thoracic and the anterior nine abdominal segments. This condition, however, is only known in the embryonic state of Leptinotarsa, In the postembryonic stages eleven pairs of spiracles, at most, are exceptionally present in the hyperpneustic insects, such as Japyx spp., which are provided with the prothoracic spiracles.

1936, Philippine Journal of Science, page 196:

A hyperpneustic condition occurs in the dipluran family Japygidae, where additional spiracles are present in the meso- and metathorax.

2013, Beutel, Rolf, Insect morphology and phylogeny : a textbook for students of entomology, page 85:

(zoology, rare) Of certain diplurans, having an abnormally high number of thoracic spiracles (openings for respiration).


phenotypic masking

(genetics, microbiology) The masking of the phenotype in strains of drug-dependent bacteria.


phenotypic mixing

(genetics, virology) The production of virus particles with differently structured capsids, each made under a unique genome.


phenotypic suppression

(genetics, virology) The prevention of a mutated phenotype by a second mutation.


phenotypic switching

(cytology, genetics) The switching of several cellular morphologies.


phenotypic value

en-noun

phenotypic value (plural phenotypic values)

(genetics) The measurement of a specific characteristic, such as the height of a plant or its stem.


mesostylous

(botany) Having styles of intermediate length.


micromyiophilous

(botany, rare) Fertilized by small Diptera.


plagiophototropic

en-adj

plagiophototropic (comparative more plagiophototropic, superlative most plagiophototropic)

more plagiophototropic (comparative)
most plagiophototropic (superlative)

(botany) Assuming an oblique position with respect to the rays of light, like the leaflets of Robinia or Tropaeolum.


nectarilyma

(botany) Any appendages to a nectary, such as the long hairs in Menyanthes.


legitimate fertilization

en-noun

legitimate fertilization (usually uncountable, plural legitimate fertilizations)

(botany) The fertilization of a dimorphic or trimorphic plant by pollen from a plant of the same form.


megistotherm

(botany) A plant requiring a very high temperature for growth.


meiophylly

(botany) A diminution in number of the leaves in a whorl, as compared with the preceding whorl.


meiostemonous

(botany) Having fewer stamens than petals.


pseudocostate

(botany) False-ribbed, as where a marginal vein is formed by confluence of the true veins.


hypopleurite

By surface analysis, hypo- + pleura + -ite.

surf

The only external distinction from Pyrtaula which I have been able to discover is the absence of minute hairs on the hypopleurite, but it is doubtful if even this is constant.

1929, F W Edwards, Notes on the Ceroplatinae, with descriptions of new Australian species (Diptera, Mycetophilidae), page n7:

Pleura yellowish, posterior margin of pleurotergite and hypopleurite brown, the hypopleurite with posterior setae.

1955 September 30, The Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 1955-09-30: Vol 106 Part 10, page 397:

The pleural region is composed of the hypopleurite and the epipleurite, the latter above the former.

1881, Allen, J. A. (Joel Asaph), 1838-1921, American Museum of Natural History, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, page 14:

(zoology, rare) The lower plate of a divided pleuron.


contingent symbiosis

(botany) The situation where one plant lives in the interior of another for shelter, not parasitism.


trichothallic

(botany) Having a shoot that ends in one or more multicellular hairs or a tuft of these.


dystropous

(botany, archaic) Relating to the damage done to plants by visiting insects not adapted for pollination.


antidromy

(botany) The condition of being antidromous.

(botany) The situation where different individuals of the same species display right- and left-hand torsion.


pancreatic lipase

en-noun

pancreatic lipase (plural pancreatic lipases)

(biochemistry) Any of a family of common lipolytic enzymes that hydrolyse chemical bonds between esters and triglycerides.


pedatipartite

(botany) Having pedate venation, and the lobes nearly free.


pedatisect

(botany) Pedately veined, the divisions nearly reaching the midrib.


perikaryoplasm

Cobaea scandens
Cobaea scandens#Translingual

(botany) A zone of granular protoplasm seen in Cobaea scandens in the cytoplasm of the resting pollen mother-cell on its approaching division.


phaneroporous

(botany) Of stomata: lying in the same plane as the epidermis.


phloeoterma

(botany) The innermost layer of primary cortex.


fultura superior

Fultura superior sclerotized, complete or composed of two separate lateral pieces, sometimes dilated, generally scobinate, at least laterally; dorsal surface of vallum penis occasionally with sclerotized plate.

1962, Obraztsov, Nikolaus S., 1906-1966, Anopina, a new genus of the Cnephasiini from the New World (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae), page 4:

Similar to imperfectana Lederer, and externally not distinguishable from it. Differs in having the tip of the uncus rotundate, the fultura superior narrower and slightly curved, the sacculus of the valva shorter, the external margin of the valva more rotundate, and the acute point of the aedeagus shorter.

1968, Nicholas S Obraztsov, Notes on and Descriptions of Aphelia, Clepsis and Choristoneura Species (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), page n6:

The conspicuous fultura superior with two slender cruved horns of the anellus in the male genitalia is unique character to Afrotropical Lithocolletinae and is a highly distinctive feature for this species.

2012, Jurate De Prins, Akito Y. Kawahara, Systematics, revisionary taxonomy, and biodiversity of Afrotropical Lithocolletinae (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), page 77:

(entomology, rare) In male lepidopterans, sclerotized structures situated on the dorsal part of the diaphragm, including the dorsal part of the anellus and transtilla.


pancreatic polypeptide

pancreatic polypeptide (plural pancreatic polypeptides)

islets of Langerhans
islets of Langerhans

(biochemistry) A polypeptide hormone made by specialized cells within the islets of Langerhans.


GVN

The GVN is now urging world governments to confront the threat of H5N1 avian influenza by strengthening surveillance efforts and enforcing stricter biosecurity protocols.

2025 April 28, Sadie Whitelocks, “Experts issue terrifying warning to America: Prepare for pandemic NOW as new virus spreads to all 50 States”, in Daily Mail:

Global Virus Network
w:Global Virus Network

(virology) Initialism of Global Virus Network.


gynophyte

(botany) The female plant in the sexual generation.


hydroleucite

hydroleucite (countable and uncountable, plural hydroleucites)

(botany, obsolete, rare) The vacuoles associated with cell sap.


epistaminal

epistaminal appendages

epistaminal scales


eremoblast

(biology) A cell that is initially united with others but later becomes separated.


epiphyll

(botany) The upper portion of a leaf, from which the petiole and blade develop.


epirrheology

(botany, rare) The effects of external agents upon living plants.


epibasal

(botany) In front of the basal wall, as in the anterior half of a proembryo.


dichoblastic

(botany, rare) Dichotomous, with the repeated dichotomy developing into a sympodium.


dialycarpic

(botany) Having a fruit composed of distinct carpels.


dilamination

(botany) The separation of a layer from a petal, whether similar or dissimilar in form; chorisis.


dolichosis

(biology) The retardation of growth in terms of length.


centroxylic

(botany) Having or relating to centrifugal primary woody structure.


chlorovaporization

(botany, obsolete) A function analogous to transpiration, but proceeding only from the chloroplasts.


choriphelloid

(botany, obsolete) Applied to the separated suberized cells and lenticels.


chorda pistillaris

(botany) The line of tissue between the stigma and the cavity of the ovary.


cinnamomeous

en-adj

cinnamomeous (comparative more cinnamomeous, superlative most cinnamomeous)

more cinnamomeous (comparative)
most cinnamomeous (superlative)


cladosiphonic

(botany) Having a tubular stele interrupted at the insertion of branches.


colpenchyma

(botany) Cellular tissue with sinuous cell walls.


conenchyma

(botany) Conical cells that constitute hairs.


lacuno-rugose

lacuno-rugose (comparative more lacuno-rugose, superlative most lacuno-rugose)

more lacuno-rugose (comparative)
most lacuno-rugose (superlative)

(botany) Having irregular wrinkles, like a peach stone.


ecaudal

(biology) Without a tail or similar appendage.


reverse-transmigratory neutrophil

en-noun

reverse-transmigratory neutrophil (plural reverse-transmigratory neutrophils)

(biology, medicine) A type of neutrophil which can transmigrate from inflamed tissue back into the circulation, retaining its proinflammatory phenotype.


rain leaf

(botany) A leaf adapted to shed rain from its surface, generally acuminate in form.


rejection nucleus

rejection nucleus (plural rejection nuclei)

(botany, archaic) A nucleus that does not become part of the functional oosphere; a nucleus of an abortive oosphere.


Sanio's law

Published by Prussian botanist Karl Gustav Sanio (1832–1891).

(botany) Any of a series of observations on a pattern in the size of xylem tracheids, increasing in size from the top of a tree to a certain height, after which they decrease again to the base of the tree. These laws generally hold true for coniferous woods.


trianthous

a trianthous peduncle


tricussate

(botany) Having whorls of three leaves each, the leaves of each whorl alternating with those above and below.


trichophyllous

en-adj

trichophyllous (comparative more trichophyllous, superlative most trichophyllous)

more trichophyllous (comparative)
most trichophyllous (superlative)

(botany) Having finely divided leaves that resemble hair.


leptoxylem

(botany) The water-conducting tissue of the sporophyte of mosses.


haplocaulous

(botany) Having a simple unbranched stem.


phyllula

(botany, rare) The scar left on a branch by the fall of a leaf.


phyllosiphonic

(botany) Having a tubular stele, interrupted at the insertion of leaves.


phyllosiphony

(botany) The state of being phyllosiphonic.


stegocarpous

From στέγος (stégos, “roof”) + -carpous.

(botany) Describing mosses whose capsules have a distinct operculum.


subroseous

(biology) Somewhat rose-coloured; pinkish.


synorhizous

(botany) Having a radicle whose point is united to the albumen.


tetraphyletic

(biology) Of or relating to four phylums.


GLP-1 RA

(biochemistry) Initialism of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist.


stylophthalmine

(zoology) Having or relating to an adaptation in the larvae of certain actinopterygian fish, characterized by the development of elliptical eyes at the apex of long periscopic stalks extending from the head.


plesiometacarpal

Coordinate term: telemetacarpal

However, as we emphasize elsewhere all extant plesiometacarpal (i.e., Old World) deer, of which Candiacervus is an example, give birth to one fawn per season (twins are rare to very rare).

2014, Geer, Alexandra van der, 1963-, Mortality in a predator-free insular environment : the dwarf deer of Crete, page 13:

The wapiti is the only American representative of the plesiometacarpal deer, to which most Eurasian genera belong, all other American deer being telometacarpal.

1951 January 1, L. F. de Beaufort, Zoogeography of the land and inland waters (Text-books of animal biology), page 13:

For instance, according to his views, the Virginia deer, Odocoileus, and the pampas deer, Ozotoceros, both of them telemetacarpal and having the choanae divided by the vomer, should be considered as representing subgenera of the genus Darm, the typical species of which is the European fallow deer, that is to say, a plesiometacarpal species with undivided posterior nasal aperture.

1941, Osgood Wilfred Hudson, Papers On Mammalogy, page 125:

(zoology, of deer) Being part of the subfamily Cervinae, having lost the parts of the second and fifth metacarpal bones closest to the foot (though retaining the parts away from the foot).


forbivorous

forbivorous (comparative more forbivorous, superlative most forbivorous)

more forbivorous (comparative)
most forbivorous (superlative)


protoblattoid

(zoology) A member of the extinct insect order Protoblattoidea.


germ history

en-noun

germ history (countable and uncountable, plural germ histories)

germ histories (plural)
germ-history (alternative)

Learned borrowing from German Keimesgeschichte.

lbor

(historical, biology, theory of recapitulation, rare) Ontogeny, specifically as a supposed recapitulation of phylogeny.


tribal history

en-noun

tribal history (countable and uncountable, plural tribal histories)

An overly literal learned borrowing from German Stammesgeschichte; ordinarily, Stamm would only be translated as tribe when used in its ethnographic sense.

lbor

(historical, biology, theory of recapitulation, rare) Phylogeny.


blastogeny

en-noun

blastogeny (usually uncountable, plural blastogenies)

Learned borrowing from German Blastogenie, itself from blasto- + -genie; equivalent to blasto- (“biological organs”) + -geny (“origin”).

af

(historical, biology, theory of recapitulation, rare) The study of the evolution of the forms of entire individuals by observing the supposed ontogenic recapitulation of that phylogeny.


histophyly

Simplified learned borrowing from German Histophylogenie, itself from histo- + Phylogenie; equivalent to a reduction of histo- + phylogeny to histo- (“biological tissue”) + -phyly (“tribehood”).

af

(historical, biology, theory of recapitulation, rare) The direct study of the evolution of the forms of biological cells and tissues rather than observation of its supposed ontogenic recapitulation.


blastophyly

Simplified learned borrowing from German Blastophylogenie, itself from blasto- + Phylogenie; equivalent to a reduction of blasto- + phylogeny to blasto- (“biological organs”) + -phyly (“tribehood”).

af

(historical, biology, theory of recapitulation, rare) The direct study of the evolution of the forms of entire individuals rather than observation of its supposed ontogenic recapitulation.


cormophyly

Simplified learned borrowing from German Cormophylogenie, itself from Ancient Greek κορμός (kormós) + Phylogenie; equivalent to a reduction of Ancient Greek κορμός (kormós) + phylogeny to Ancient Greek κορμός (kormós, “tree-trunk”) + -phyly (“tribehood”).

af

(historical, biology, theory of recapitulation, rare) The direct study of the evolution of the forms of nationalities, ethnicities, races, etc. rather than observation of its supposed ontogenic recapitulation.


physiophyly

Simplified learned borrowing from German Physiophylogenie, itself from physio- + Phylogenie; equivalent to a reduction of physio- + phylogeny to physio- (“nature”) + -phyly (“tribehood”).

af

(historical, biology, theory of recapitulation, rare) The direct study of the evolution of functions and vital activities rather than observation of its supposed ontogenic recapitulation.


morphophyly

Simplified learned borrowing from German Morphophylogenie, itself from morph- + Phylogenie; equivalent to a reduction of morpho- + phylogeny to morpho- (“shape”) + -phyly (“tribehood”).

af

(historical, biology, theory of recapitulation, rare) The direct study of the evolution of forms rather than observation of its supposed ontogenic recapitulation.


autophyllogeny

(botany, rare, obsolete) The growth of one leaf from another, as from a nerve.


basigamous

(botany) Having the normal position of egg apparatus and antipodals reversed, so that the oosphere and synergids are at the lower end of the mother cell of the endosperm (embryo sac).


bilocellate

(botany) Twice locellate; having two such compartments.


rhamnase

Rhamnus infectoria
Rhamnus infectoria#Translingual

(biochemistry) An enzyme acting upon glucosides, found in the berries of Rhamnus infectoria.


dististylus

From disti-, from Latin distare (“to stand apart”) + Ancient Greek στῦλος (stûlos, “pillar”).

(entomology) In mosquitoes, the distal segment of the gonopods.


arthrostracous

Likely from taxonomic name Arthrostraca + -ous; by surface analysis, arthro-, from Ancient Greek ἄρθρον (árthron, “joint”) + ὄστρακον (óstrakon, “shell”) + -ous

The Cumacea resemble the arthrostracous Crustacea in having eyes without a movable stalk; but they closely resemble the Schizopoda in the form of the body, thus corresponding with the lower developmental stages of the decapodous crustaceans.

1889, William Dwight Whitney, The century dictionary: An encyclopedic lexicon of the english language, page 1394:

In the important paper already mentioned, Hansen (J03) gives reason for believing that the labial segment in insects was primitively a trunk-segment, and has become secondarily associated with the head, like the segment that bears the maxillipeds in the arthrostracous Crustacea

1853, Quarterly journal of microscopical science., page 375:

[...] and have considered the possibility of their derivation from either the Arthrostracous Crustacea or the tracheate Arachnida.

1886, E Ray Lankester, XXXI.—Professor Claus and the classification of the Arthropoda, page n3:

Pertaining to the Arthrostraca, an obsolete grouping of crustaceans with segmented thoraxes and abdomens, bearing seven pairs of thoracic legs; included in this group are the isopods and amphipods.


metinfraepisternum

From meta- (“after”) + infra- (“underneath”) + epi- (“on”) + Ancient Greek στέρνων (stérnōn, “breast”).

The presternum and sternum are fused, and the cephalo-lateral arms extend around the cephalic margins of the coxae and unite with the metinfraepisterna.

1918, Illinois. Natural History Survey Division, Bulletin, page 433:

On the thorax the mid-dorsal black stripe covers half of the mesepisternum, the humeral is almost as wide as the pale antehumeral, a black line is present on the second lateral suture, and the metinfraepisternum is outlined in black.

[...] except for a narrow dark margin along metapleural suture, becoming broader toward metinfraepisternum[.]

2012, A review of the New Guinean genus Paramecocnemis Lieftinck (Odonata: Platycnemididae), with the description of three new species, page 164:

The new subspecies differs from the nominotypical one by a very prominent subapical cercal tooth, the convex inner margin of the paraproct arms and a trapezoid incision between them, the antehumeral stripe finely separated from that on the metinfraepisternum in males and strong singular spines at the sides of the occipital plate in females.

2021, Burmagomphus williamsoni eddiei subsp. nov. (Odonata, Gomphidae) from northern Cambodia, page 1:

(rare, entomology) In Odonata, a ventral subdivision of the metepisternum.


amalthea

The amalthea cut transversely; calyx five-toothed, echinated; seeds three, ovate, not fleshy, slightly compressed, pointed at top, blunt at bottom.

1821, Samuel Frederick Gray, A natural arrangement of British plants, page 264:

(botany, obsolete) An aggregation of dry fruits within a calyx which does not become fleshy, as in Alchemilla or Sanguisorba.


arilliform

en-adj

arilliform (comparative more arilliform, superlative most arilliform)

more arilliform (comparative)
most arilliform (superlative)


calamarian

calamarian (comparative more calamarian, superlative most calamarian)

more calamarian (comparative)
most calamarian (superlative)


caroubinase

(biochemistry) A hydrolytic enzyme formed during germination in seeds of the carob.


hose-in-hose

(botany) Having a duplication of the corolla, as though a second one were inserted in the throat of the first.


helus

From Ancient Greek ἧλος (hêlos, “nail”).

The larvae of P. ferrieri exhibit remarkable features, including four protuberances on labrum, no helus on epipharynx, two scissorial teeth on each mandible, five stridulatory teeth plus a blunt protuberance on each maxilla, and the obtuse claws on the thoracic legs.

2024, Larval morphology of a Palearctic Rutelini, Parastasia ferrieri (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae), with discussions on their feeding habits, page 185:

(entomology, rare) In scarabaeoid larvae, a coarse fixed spine located near the haptomerum.


scissorial

[...] with small dorsomolar setae on base of molar area, one large caudolateral seta at scissorial notch and one large lateral seta on molar area[.]

1994, Giovanni Onore, Description of the immature stages of six species of Sphaenognathus, with comparative notes on phylogeny and natural history (Insecta: Coleoptera: Lucanidae), page 80:

Each mandible has two scissorial teeth and a proximal tooth, the mola.

Left mandible slightly longer than right one, its scissorial part wider.

2018, S. A. Shabalin, Description of the larva of Acanthobodilus languidulus (Schmidt, 1916) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), page 4:

(entomology) Relating to the cutting areas on the mandibles of Scarabaeoidea larvae (between the dentes and molar area).


xerobranching

(botany) The repression of lateral root formation while roots are not in contact with water or wet soil.


-ichnion

From Ancient Greek ἴχνιον (íkhnion, “track, footprint”).

der

(paleontology) Forms names of types of trace fossils.


schemochrome

From Ancient Greek σχῆμα (skhêma, “shape”) + -chrome, from χρῶμα (khrôma, “colour”).

af

First, a blue pigment is known from birds (rhodoxanthin, a xanthophyll producing the blue of fruit pigeons, Ptilinopus; see Buckley 1982 : 61), although the blue of parrots is almost certainly not based on a pigment (biochrome), but rather is a schemochrome (structural color).

1973, Florida Ornithological Society, The Florida field naturalist, page n183:

In some groups a schemochrome overlies a conspicuous biochrome, with spectacular effect.

1975, Howe, William H, Bauer, David L, The Butterflies of North America, Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, page 19:

The fine scales on the wings of some butterflies and the surface of scarab beetles produce schemochrome colours (Chapman, 1998a).

2010, Morgan, E. David (Eric David), Biosynthesis in insects, page 272:

(biology) Colouration produced by microscopic structures that reflect/refract light rather than pigments.


dipneumonous

We must remember, finally, that the dipneumonous spiders can live for many months, that is to say, during the whole season of physiological activity, without food.

1878, Royal Microscopical Society (Great Britain), Journal of the Royal Microscopical Society, page 200:

Morin (1888) * states that the lungs of the dipneumonous spiders arise in form of infoldings at the bases of the two appendages of the second abdominal segment.

1894, Orville L Simmons, XXX.—Development of the lungs of spiders, page n7:

From a morphological point of view the genus Aysha, and, indeed, the entire group of the Anyphænidæ, is of considerable interest on account of the retention by the tracheal stigma of a more primitive position than is found in most dipneumonous spiders.

1895, Crosses W. H, The Annals And Magazine Of Natural History (sixth Series) Vol-xvi, page 142:


pegRNA

en-noun

pegRNA (countable and uncountable, plural pegRNAs)

Prime editors (PEs), initially represented by PE1, employed a reverse transcriptase (RT) fused to an RNA-programmable nickase (Cas9n) and a prime editing guide RNA (pegRNA) to directly copy genetic information from the extension on the pegRNA into the target genomic locus.

2020, Narendra Tuteja, Renu Tuteja, Nishat Passricha, Shabnam Saifi, editors, Advancement in Crop Improvement Techniques, Woodhead Publishing, page 165:

Briefly, upon Cas9-mediated nicking of the target site, the extended tail of the pegRNA hybridizes with the free 3' end, which serves as an RT template and encodes the desired edit to be incorporated into the genome.

2022, Marcello Maresca, Sumit Deswal, editors, Genome Editing in Drug Discovery, John Wiley & Sons, page 332:

Upon expression of this prime editing construct, a complex of PE and pegRNA scans the DNA for the target site.

2024, Kamel A Abd-Elsalam, Aftab Ahmad, Baohong Zhang, editors, CRISPRized Horticulture Crops: Genome Modified Plants and Microbes in Food and Agriculture, Elsevier, page 116:

(genetics, molecular biology) A specialized guide RNA used in prime editing, comprising a single guide RNA (sgRNA) extended with a primer binding site (PBS) and a reverse transcription template (RTT) that encodes the desired genetic edit.


guanylate cyclase

guanylate cyclase (plural guanylate cyclases)

/ɡwɐːˈnɪl.æɪt ˈsɑeˌklæɪs/

/ɡwɐːˈnəl.æɪt ˈsaɪˌklæɪs/

(biochemistry) A lyase enzyme that synthesizes cGMP from GTP.


tulip bulb

(botany) A specialized underground stem that stores food and contains the components of a tulip plant.


isadelphous

(botany) Having an equal number of stamens in each of the two phalanges.


juncoid

en-adj

juncoid (comparative more juncoid, superlative most juncoid)

more juncoid (comparative)
most juncoid (superlative)


luteofuscous

luteofuscous (comparative more luteofuscous, superlative most luteofuscous)

more luteofuscous (comparative)
most luteofuscous (superlative)


phylloptosis

(botany) An abnormal falling of the leaves.


intexine

intexines (plural)
endexine (alternative)
intextine (alternative)

(botany, palynology) The inner membrane when two exist in the exine.


leptomin

(biochemistry, obsolete) A substance found in the leptome of some plants, especially in the sieve tubes and laticiferous vessels, the presumed function being to convey oxygen.


macrostylous

macrostylous (comparative more macrostylous, superlative most macrostylous)

more macrostylous (comparative)
most macrostylous (superlative)


chalazogam

(botany) Any plant that is fertilized by chalazogamy.


chorisepalous

From Ancient Greek χωρίς (khōrís, “separately”) + sepalous.

der

(botany) Having separate, unconnected sepals; polysepalous.


chlorofucin

(botany, obsolete) A chlorophyll of a clear yellowish-green colour.


concaulescent

en-adj

concaulescent (comparative more concaulescent, superlative most concaulescent)

more concaulescent (comparative)
most concaulescent (superlative)

(botany) Exhibiting or relating to concaulescence.


criniferous

criniferous (comparative more criniferous, superlative most criniferous)

more criniferous (comparative)
most criniferous (superlative)


dolichonema

(biology) The stage in nuclear division which immediately precedes synapsis in the formation of the reproductive cells.


gamostele

(botany) A polystele in which the vascular bundles are not distinct throughout their entire length, but fused together at some point.


mantle leaf

Platycerium alcicorne
Platycerium alcicorne#Translingual

(botany) The prostrate, half-enveloping barren frond, as in Platycerium alcicorne, as distinct from the fertile frond.


malicorium

(botany, obsolete) The rind of the pomegranate.


mechanomorphosis

(biology) Mechanical changes in structure produced in the larger groups by similar external causes, such as leaf-like organs in algae and phanerogams.


phanerantherous

(botany) Having the anthers protruding beyond the perianth.


photrum

(biology, obsolete, rare) The whole scale of illumination affecting photolysis.


photomorphosis

(biology) Mechanomorphosis caused by light.


pith fleck

(botany) A dark mark in timber due to the cavities made by insect larvae in the cambium, but soon filled up by cellular tissue.


starch generator

en-noun

starch generator (plural starch generators)

(archaic, biology) Synonym of leucoplastid.


stimulose

en-adj

stimulose (comparative more stimulose, superlative most stimulose)

more stimulose (comparative)
most stimulose (superlative)


strophogenesis

alternation of generations
alternation of generations

(biology) The differentiation of a single original generation into the phases regarded as alternation of generations.


cienchyma

(botany) A system of intercellular spaces.


forma specialis

en-noun

forma specialis (plural formae speciales)

Latin [Term?] (literally “special form”)

bor

(taxonomy) An informal taxonomic grouping applied to a parasite (frequently a fungus) that is adapted to a specific host.


nervimotility

(biology, archaic) The stimulating effect of the substratum on a growing organ.


thickening ring

en-noun

thickening ring (plural thickening rings)

(botany) A ring of meristem in which the first fibrovascular bundles originate.


thickening layer

thickening layer (plural thickening layers)

(botany) An apparent layer of cellulose on the inner face of a cell wall.


black measles

(phytopathology) Synonym of esca (“a fungal disease afflicting grapes”).


subsporal

(botany) Designating certain colourless cells found in spore-bearing individuals of Pithophora.


polioplasm

(biology) The circulating portion of the cytoplasm.


monodichlamydeous

(botany) Either monochlamydeous or dichlamydeous; having either one or both sets of floral envelopes.


prostelic

(botany, rare) Of an axis: consisting of a single concentric bundle.


pseudannulus

(botany) An apparent annulus of specialized cells, exterior to the peristome in mosses.


pseudocilium

Apiocystis brauniana
Apiocystis brauniana#Translingual

(botany) A motionless whip-like body proceeding in pairs from each cell of Apiocystis brauniana.


rhacheola

(botany) Synonym of rachilla (“rachis of secondary or higher order”).


carpodium

[…] the carpodia occupy the central position which is normal for the pistil, but quite often two or three abortive female flowers occur adjacent to one another and become more or less fused together.

1939, Contributions from the New South Wales National Herbarium, page 84:

[…] ovary and ovule are imperfectly developed or modified into a carpodium with a short style but lacking the expanded stigma of the fertile flower.

1982, The Journal of the Australian Institute of Agricultural Science, page 4:

(botany) An abortive carpel, as in Typha.


catacorolla

(botany) A second corolla formed exterior to the true one, resembling a hose-in-hose flower.


catapult fruit

(botany) A fruit that disperses seeds or segments by the elasticity of the peduncle.


amylite

The transitory starch which appears during the germination of seeds is deposited in these amylites, and is formed at their expense.

1888, Journal of the Royal Microscopical Society, page 70:

(obsolete, rare, biology) The skeleton of starch granules, composed of amylodextrin.


antemarginal

en-adj

antemarginal (comparative more antemarginal, superlative most antemarginal)

more antemarginal (comparative)
most antemarginal (superlative)

antemarginal sori

(biology) Located a little within the margin.


ansulate

Some species of the genus Cucumis have straight and some ansulate tendrils, but the species of the other genera are uniform, so far as observed.

1881, The Botanical Gazette, volumes 6-7, page 10:

Ansulate tendrils

1885, Botanical Gazette, volumes 1-10, page 434:

(botany, obsolete, rare) Coiled at the apex and then bent over in a loop, like the shoots in some Cucurbitaceae.


style-table

(botany, rare, obsolete) The flattened apex of the style in Asclepiads.


eustathe

(biology, obsolete) The external layer of a cell.


astathe

(biology, obsolete) A substance supposed to lie between the outer and inner lining of a cell.


atroviolaceous

atroviolaceous (comparative more atroviolaceous, superlative most atroviolaceous)

more atroviolaceous (comparative)
most atroviolaceous (superlative)


atropurpureous

atropurpureous (comparative more atropurpureous, superlative most atropurpureous)

more atropurpureous (comparative)
most atropurpureous (superlative)


brontesis

(botany, obsolete) Damage to plants caused by lightning or electric shock.


Calamitean

(botany) Of or relating to the genus Calamites.


lycotropal

(botany) Having an otherwise orthotropous ovule that is bent like a horseshoe.


medicagophyll

Medicago sativa
Medicago sativa#Translingual

(botany) The characteristic chlorophyll of alfalfa (Medicago sativa).


medullary spot

(botany) An accumulation of parenchymatous cells in certain woods, such as Alnus.


phyllorhize

(botany) An organ intermediate between leaf and root, such as the capillary leaves of many water plants.


pleuroplastic

(botany) Describing a leaf in which the central portion first attains permanency, the meristem being marginal.


progamete

(botany) A cell that divides to form gametes, or occasionally passes into a gamete.


anthochlorin

(biochemistry) The yellow colouring of flowers; xanthein.


plasmatoparous

(mycology) Involving a form of germination in which the whole of the protoplasm of a gonidium issues as a rounded mass, which at once becomes coated with a membrane, and puts out a germ tube.


pleiotaxy

(botany) An increase in the number of whorls in a flower.


pleurorhizal

(botany) Such that the embryo has its radicle against one edge of the cotyledons, which are then accumbent.


pleiocyclic

pleiocyclic herbs


pleurogynous

(botany) Having a glandular or tubercular elevation rising close to or parallel with the ovary.


epicutis

(mycology) The superficial layer of the cuticle in agarics.


episporangium

(botany) The indusium of a fern when it overlies the sporangium, as in Aspidium.


limnetic zone

(limnology) the open and well-lit area of a freestanding body of fresh water, such as a lake or pond


veliform

veliform (comparative more veliform, superlative most veliform)

more veliform (comparative)
most veliform (superlative)


scale bark

(botany) Outer bark that is thrown off in scale-like portions, as in the plane tree.


bractiferous

bractiferous (comparative more bractiferous, superlative most bractiferous)

more bractiferous (comparative)
most bractiferous (superlative)
bracteiferous (alternative)


blastocolla

(botany) The balsam produced on buds by glandular hairs.


calycanthemy

(botany) A monstrosity of the calyx imitating an exterior corolla.


pleiophylly

(botany) The condition of having numerous leaves from the same point, or more than usual the number of leaflets in a compound leaf.


meiotherm

(botany) A plant inhabiting cool temperate regions.


meiotaxy

(botany) The suppression of entire whorls.


parthenogamete

(botany) A gamete that develops without pairing.


conducting shelf

en-noun

conducting shelf (plural conducting shelves)

Albany pitcher plant
Albany pitcher plant

(botany) A ledge within the ascidium of the Albany pitcher plant.


suprafoliaceous

[…] racemes axillary, suprafoliaceous; ovarium glabrous.

1834, George Don, A General System of Gardening and Botany, page 837:

(botany) Inserted into the stem above the leaf or petiole.


phytoblast

(biology, obsolete) A cell in its first stage of development.


polydelphous

(botany) Alternative form of polyadelphous.


chondriokinesis

From Ancient Greek χόνδρος (khóndros, “grain”) + -kinesis, from κίνησις (kínēsis, “movement”).
Etymology note
chondrio- is probably a clipping of mitochondrion.

af

In by far the majority of animals it seems tolerably clear that the process of chondriokinesis or distribution of the mitochondria (or chondriosomes) between the daughter-cells is haphazard, and not in any way comparable to the process of karyokinesis.

1853, Quarterly journal of microscopical science, page 35:

These phenomena emphasize the conclusion of Bowen (1920) that chondriokinesis and dictyokinesis involve a relation between the cytoplasmic formed bodies and the division-centers that means more than a merely fortuitous association.

1925, The American Naturalist November-December 1925: Vol 59 Iss 665, University of Chicago, acting through its Press, page 492:

Such behavior of mitochondria is so typical that it has been described in the earlier literature as chondriokinesis.

1972, Bajer, Andrew S, Spindle dynamics and chromosome movements, New York; London: Academic Press, page 86:

(biology) Reproduction of mitochondria and their distribution in mitosis and meiosis.


infraordo

(taxonomy, rare) The taxonomic rank below subordo and above superfamily; infraorder.


aquaphilia

From aqua- + -philia, from Latin aqua (“water”) + Ancient Greek φιλία (philía, “love, affection”).
Literally: “love of water”.

der

Yet while the western world has thus unlearnt the innate aquaphilia of its ancestors, there are other cultures said to maintain this unity. Observing the natural affinity for water of the Polynesians, Herman Melville wrote: "No wonder that the South Sea Islanders are an amphibious race when they are thus launched into water as soon as they see the light. I am convinced that it is as natural for a human being to swim as it is for a duck, and yet in civilized communities how many able bodied individuals die like so many drowning kittens from the occurrence of the most trivial accidents."

2009, Rupert D. V. Glasgow, The Concept of Water, R. Glasgow Books, →ISBN, page 42:

I performed content analyses, regression analyses, path analyses, and mediation analyses to study the relationships of 1) pictorial aquaphilia (intrinsic attachment to safe and clean water scenes) and waterscape imageability, 2) waterscape imageability and the coherence of city image, 3) egocentric aquaphilia (attachment to water-based spatial anchors) and allocentric aquaphilia (attachment to water centric cities), and 4) the coherence of city image, allocentric aquaphilia, and openness towards water-coherent urbanism.

2015, Hope Hui Rising, “Water urbanism: Building more coherent cities”, in University of Oregon ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, University of Oregon:

In order to explore the improvement strategies of flood control landscape integrating water ecology, water safety, water culture and water landscape, the Luozhou Ancient Town by the Wulong River in Fuzhou City was taken as an example, and the concept of pluralistic symbiosis from the perspective of aquaphilia and livability was proposed through field investigation, data monitoring, site analysis and planning, that is, while retaining the positive attributes of "boundary", its negative limitation of "pluralistic" space is broken, so as to establish a pluralistic and symbiotic environment with aquaphilia and livability.

2022, Huangjie Ding, Chen Yan, Cheng Fang, Shijie Zhang, Yuanhao Lv, “Improvement Strategies of Flood Control Landscape in Suburban Villages and Towns from the Perspective of Aquaphilia and Livability.”, in Journal of Landscape Research, volume 14, number 6, →DOI, page 40:

(biology, sociology) The biological and societal attraction to water.


self-incompatible

en-adj

self-incompatible (comparative more self-incompatible, superlative most self-incompatible)

more self-incompatible (comparative)
most self-incompatible (superlative)

(botany) Incapable of self-fertilization.


pratal

(botany, rare) Growing in meadows or luxuriant herbage.


porandrous

(botany) Releasing the pollen through a pore or partial aperture in the anther.


sorosus

(botany) A fleshy multiple fruit, such as a mulberry or a pineapple.


polyketide synthase

(biochemistry) A family of multi-domain enzymes or enzyme complexes that produce polyketides, a large class of secondary metabolites, in bacteria, fungi, plants, and a few animal lineages.


preventitious

(botany) Describing a kind of dormant axillary bud.


postventitious

(botany) Describing growths that arise subsequent to their normal time.


homocephalic

(botany) Relating to a form of homogamy where the anthers fertilize the stigma of another flower of the same inflorescence.


longitudinal system

en-noun

longitudinal system (plural longitudinal systems)


vibrotaxis

From vibro-, from Latin vibrāre (“vibrate”) + Ancient Greek τάξις (táxis, “arrangement”)

der

It has been said by some writers on behaviour that true telotaxis is shown only in the movements of animals towards, or away from, the light. But there can be no doubt that the scope of the category should be broadened to include vibrotaxis.

1959, Savory, Theodore Horace, 1896-, Instinctive living : a study of invertebrate behaviour, page 36:

Aganaspis pelleranoi females detected host larvae mainly by sensing host movements (vibrotaxis).

1994, Argentina, Rsea Sociedad Entomológica, Revista de la Sociedad Entomológica Argentina 53 (1-4), page 121:

Species also differ by host searching behavior and host detection such as antennal or ovipositor searching, host location by vibrotaxis, or the use of infochemicals, which may lead to exploit different microniches or host species, thus contributing to coexistence (van Dijken and van Alphen, 1998; Vet and Bakker, 1985).

2009, Parasitoids of Drosophila, London [etc.] : Elsevier Academic Press, page 15:

(biology) The way an organism responds to mechanical (physical) vibrations.


rhabdiferous

From rhabd-, from Ancient Greek ῥάβδος (rhábdos, “rod”) + -iferous.

As Huxley had concluded, the choanocytes derived from the original sponge tissue, as did the collencytes. The glandular and rhabdiferous cells, on the other hand, derived from the archeocytes.

1971, C. Vago, Invertebrate Tissue Culture, page 391:

So far no indisputable function has been ascribed to any of the following cell types except rhabdiferous cells.

1978, Patricia R. Bergquist, Sponges, page 70:

There is now good evidence that many special cells in this broadly descriptive category are functionally homologous; these include rhabdiferous cells [...]

1984, Simpson, Tracy L., 1937-, The cell biology of sponges, page 91:

(biology) Of a sponge cell, having many rodlike inclusions and secreting mucopolysaccharide.


scopuliferous

In his original description (‘‘Ichneumonologia Europaea, i., p. 342) Gravenhorst does not state whether the coxae of the female are scopuliferous or not.

1892, Royal Zoological Society of Ireland, The Irish naturalist, page 19:


pseudothallus

(botany) The axis of a crowded inflorescence as a glomerule or umbel.


astrosclereid

(botany) A thick-walled star-shaped cell occurring in the leaves of Camellia, and frequently in bark amongst the surrounding parenchymatous cells.


basal wall

(botany) The division of the oospore in Archegoniatae into an anterior and a posterior half.


amphisarca

(botany) An indehiscent multilocular fruit, dry outside and pulpy inside, such as a melon.


pseudoepiphyte

(botany) A plant (such as an aroid) whose stems die away at the base, the upper part deriving its nourishment from its own aerial roots.


apotropous

(botany, of an ovule) Anatropous, with the raphe ventral.


cistern epiphyte

en-noun

cistern epiphyte (plural cistern epiphytes)

(botany) A kind of epiphyte whose roots are mere supports or altogether suppressed, and in which the entire nourishment takes place by the leaves.


cormophyllaceous

(botany, rare) Of a fern: having the fronds attached to the caudex.


hormospore

(botany) A spore similar in origin to stylospores or teleutospores of fungi, colourless, dividing into cells, microgonidia, etc., with deliquescence of the mother cell, the microgonidia developing into heterocysts.


frondiparous

(botany) Relating to the abnormal production of leaves instead of fruit.


floriparous

(botany) Relating to the abnormal production of other flowers instead of fruit.


exintine

(botany, palynology) The middle coat of a pollen grain, that which is next to the intine.


polycormic

(botany) Having a number of erect radial axes, like the fastigiate Irish yew.


monocormic

(botany) Having one main axis bearing lateral branches of bilateral structure.


coccochromatic

(botany) Having the colour distributed in granular patches, as in some diatoms.


close fertilization

(botany, archaic) Synonym of self-fertilization.


Mediterranean basin

(biogeography) The region surrounding the Mediterranean Sea, encompassing parts of Southern Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East.


Woronin body

Named after the Russian botanist Mikhail Stepanovich Woronin.

(botany) An organelle found near the septae that divide hyphal compartments in filamentous Ascomycota, formed by budding from conventional peroxisomes.


Mediterranean forest

(ecology) A type of biome characterized by hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters.


Mediterranean water

(ecology) A distinct water mass characterized by high salinity and temperature, flowing westward.


Mediterranean wood

(ecology) A type of vegetation found in Mediterranean wood pastures, characterized by a combination of trees and shrubs.


stelidium

(botany) Any of the teeth of the column in Bulbophyllum.


pseudanthy

(botany) The condition of being pseudanthic.


pseudoperithecium

(botany) A covering of sporidia resembling a perithecium.


allocarpy

(botany) The property of fruiting from cross-fertilized flowers.


Western Palearctic

(biogeography) A part of the Palearctic realm, one of the eight realms dividing the Earth's surface.


photeolic

(botany) Relating to plant movements induced by the variation or withdrawal of light.


apostaxis

As in other cases of Apostaxis the urgency of the case depends entirely on the extent of the symptoms, and it is probable that the discharge never so great naturally as to prove really injurious.

1855, The Gardeners' Chronicle and Agricultural Gazette (page 173)

(botany) The abnormal loss of nutritive or secreted fluids by bleeding, gumming etc.


gastrovascular cavity

gastrovascular cavity (plural gastrovascular cavities)

(zoology, anatomy) The primary organ of digestion and circulation in two major animal phyla: the coelenterates and platyhelminths.


streaming movement

streaming movement (plural streaming movements)


bistipuled

[…] bistipuled, petioled, basally and often on the face beneath maculate-glandular, the spikes normally unisexual, simple or paniculately branched, the male often axillary, the female often terminal, […]

1961, Flora of Peru (volume 13, page 146)


storage tuber

There is also produced each year at the end of a stalk one new storage tuber.

1918, Royal Society of South Australia, Transactions, Volumes 42-44, page 3:

(botany) A modified, thickened plant stem or root that serves as an organ for storing nutrients to support the plant's survival during harsh conditions.


apandry

(botany) Fusion of the antheridium with the oogonium.


megazooid

(biology) A large motile daughter cell of certain unicellular algae.


pleurotribe

(botany) Of a flower: having the stamens adapted to deposit their pollen upon the sides of insect visitors.


plurannual

(botany) Being effectually an annual plant because it is killed by the cold at the end of the season.


pneumatotaxy

(biology, rare, obsolete) The condition of zoospores whose irritability is dependent on the presence of dissolved gases, the products of respiration of the zoospores in the sporangium.


spermatokinetic

(biology) Tending to produce the male element.


ookinetic

(biology) Tending to produce the female element.


wound cambium

(botany) A layer of phellogen resulting from the tangential division of epidermal cells, or from cortical cells beneath the epidermis.


wound gum

(botany) A substance abundantly secreted in the vessels by the surrounding starch cells, closing the wound cavities.


mucorin

(biochemistry, obsolete) An albuminoid substance occurring in certain fungi.


oangium

(botany) An apocytial oogonium that forms oospores by free cell-formation, as in Saprolegnieae.


spirofibrilla

(biology, obsolete) Any of the spirally twisted hollow threads supposed to constitute all living protoplasm.


cyclolytic

(botany, obsolete) Designating an interval on the photrum with all grades of illumination up to direct sunlight, capable of producing cyclosis.


frutical

(botany, obsolete) Being or relating to a small shrub with a soft-wooded stem, such as shrubby species of geranium.


frutical

(botany, obsolete) A small shrub with a soft-wooded stem.


petaly

He suggested that well-established plants, as shrubs and trees, as well as those which mass their flowers may dispense with petals. Petaly is apparently correlated with entomophily, and apetaly with anemophily.

1899, John Merle Coulter, M. S. Coulter, Charles Reid Barnes, Botanical Gazette (volume 28, page 281)

(botany) The condition of having petals.


hypocarpogean

On pulling the plant up I found that it was to a certain extent hypocarpogean, for the lower branches had ripened their fruit, and the pods had, as it were, wormed themselves underground, and germination had already commenced, the higher parts of the plant being at the same time in flower.

1869, Gardeners' Chronicle and Agricultural Gazette (volume 29, page 865)


mycodomatia

(mycology, obsolete) Fungus chambers: formations of peculiar character found on the roots of plants, thought to be able to attract and digest fungi.


mycina

(botany) A globular stipitate apothecium in lichens.


skin cell

(biology, dermatology) A specialized cell that constitutes the skin, primarily located in the epidermis.


chemioautotrophic

(biochemistry, bacteriology) whose carbon source is inorganic and whose energy source derives from chemical reactions


foam cell

(cytology, cardiology) A type of macrophage that has become engorged with lipid material, particularly cholesterol.


cancer cell

cancer cells (plural)
cancer-cell (alternative)
cancercell (alternative)

(cytology, oncology) A cell that divides continually, forming solid tumors or flooding the blood or lymph with abnormal cells.


coracohyomandibularis

The cranial muscles of batoids are basically similar to sharks, although some of the homologies are unclear (e.g., the "X" muscle of electric rays), the muscles are depressed in form (e.g., preorbitalis), some muscles may be lacking (e.g., intermandibularis), and some muscles may be unique to batoids (e.g., coracohyomandibularis) (Miyake et al., 1992),

2004, Jeffrey C. Carrier, John A. Musick, Michael R. Heithaus, editors, Biology of Sharks and Their Relatives, CRC Press, page 183:

The hypobranchial muscles include the coracoarcualis, coracohyoideus, coracomandibularis, and coracohyomandibularis.

2011, Anthony Farrell, Ernest Donald Stevens, Jeffrey G. Richards, Joseph J. Cech, editors, Encyclopedia of Fish Physiology: From Genome to Environment, volume 3, Elsevier Science, page 458:

Batoids also have two unique muscles that depress the hyomandibular cartilage, a depressor hyomandibularis and coracohyomandibularis muscle (Marion, 1905; Miyake et al., 1992; Wilga and Motta, 1998b).

2015, Anthony Peter Farrell, Colin Brauner, Robert E. Shadwick, editors, Physiology of Elasmobranch Fishes: Structure and Interaction with Environment, Elsevier Science, page 159:

The sternohyoideus extends from the fascia ventral to the coracohyomandibularis and inserts onto the hypohyal cartilage (Figure 5.5E).

2018, Rui Diogo, Janine M. Ziermann, Julia Molnar, Natalia Siomava, Virginia Abdala, Muscles of Chordates: Development, Homologies, and Evolution, CRC Press, unnumbered page:

New muscles also evolved within batoids to move the cranium vertically (levator and depressor rostri), to depress and retract the hyomandibular cartilage (coracohyomandibularis, depressor hyomandibularis), and to depress the lower jaw (depressor mandibularis) (Fig. 8.8) (Miyake 1988; Miyake et al. 1992).

2019, Ian Q. Whishaw, Vincent Bels, editors, Feeding in Vertebrates: Evolution, Morphology, Behavior, Biomechanics, Springer International Publishing, page 249:

(ichthyology, anatomy, uncommon) A certain hypobranchial muscle found in batoid fish.


laurencia

(botany, taxonomy) Any red algae of the genus Laurencia.


amaranth family

(botany, taxonomy) The taxonomic family Amaranthaceae, containing plants such as amaranths and goosefoots.


isophyllous

Species included in this section are isophyllous but the sporophylls are arranged in 4 vertical rows and give the strobilus a four-angled appearance e.g., S. pygmaea, S. uliginosa, S. rupestris, S. oregana, etc.

2004, Pooja, Pteridophyta, Discovery Publishing House Pvt. Limited, page 87:

This section includes about fifty species all of which have uniform or isophyllous leaves that are spirally arranged. They are all monostelic. This section is further divided into two sub-sections:

2006, Anil Kumar, Botany for Degree Students: Pteridophyta (Vascular Cryptogams) (Multi-Colour Edition), S. Chand Limited, page 184:

The genus Selaginella is also of interest because species that grow in drier habitats have shoots that are orthotropic and isophyllous (Figure 11.65A).

2022, Donald Kaplan, Chelsea D. Specht, “Shoot Lateral Symmetry”, in Kaplan's Principles of Plant Morphology, CRC Press, unnumbered page:

(botany) Having leaves of equal size and shape throughout.


compound fruit

(botany) Any fruit composed of at least two similar parts, but not distinctly an aggregate fruit, a multiple fruit, nor something else.


broscine

Borrowed from translingual Broscinae. By surface analysis, translingual Broscus + -ine.

surface analysis

(entomology, taxonomy) Any ground beetle of the subfamily Broscinae, known for digging through sand.


broscine

en-adj

broscine (comparative more broscine, superlative most broscine)

more broscine (comparative)
most broscine (superlative)

(entomology, taxonomy) Relating to, characteristic of, or belonging to the subfamily Broscinae.


phragmocyttarous

From phragmo-, from Ancient Greek φρᾰγμός (phrăgmós) + κύτταρος (kúttaros).

In Ducke's classification, Polybia is placed with those species that are paper workers, are polygynous, make a nest with an envelope, and are completely phragmocyttarous.

1933, Philip Rau, The Jungle Bees and Wasps of Barro Colorado Island, P. Rau, page 46:

The members of this distinctive genus are rather rare, the males especially so. They were described by Araujo. The nests are phragmocyttarous.

1978, Owain Westmacott Richards, The social wasps of the Americas excluding the Vespinae, British Museum (Natural History), page 158:

The species of Polybia build phragmocyttarous nests which consist of one to many combs attached to a branch, leaf or rock, surrounded by an envelope of carton or of mud containing an exit hole at the side or bottom of the comb. A number of species enlarge the nest by adding sue-

1979, Catalog of Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico: Apocrita (Aculeata), Smithsonian Institution Press, page 1517:

(entomology) Of, relating to, or being a type of social wasp nest, in which brood combs are attached laterally to the inner surface of the sack-like envelope.


rear-fanged

(herpetology) Of a snake: having fangs located at the back of the upper jaw.


puccinia

Borrowed from translingual Puccinia, from Italian Puccini, named after Tommaso Puccini.

(taxonomy) Any rust fungus of the genus Puccinia.


allokelping

We hypothesize that allokelping is a cultural behavior unique to southern resident killer whales. Future work should investigate if and how allokelping is learned, and whether it occurs in other killer whale societies.

2025 June 23, Michael N. Weiss, Rachel E. John, Alondra M. Caro-Ruiz, David K. Ellifrit, Charli A. Grimes, Taylor A. Redmond, Arlene A. Vargas, Darren P. Croft, “Manufacture and use of allogrooming tools by wild killer whales”, in Current Biology, volume 35, number 12 (Correspondence), →DOI, page R600:

(zoology) An apparent form of allogrooming in which orcas rub each other with kelp.


accessory gonadal structure

en-noun

accessory gonadal structure (plural accessory gonadal structures)

(biology) secondary organs or tissues supporting a reproductive system


primrose family

primrose (from the genus Primula, the family's type genus) + family

com

(botany, taxonomy) The taxonomic family Primulaceae, containing the brookweeds, colicwoods, loosestrifes, maesas, pimpernels, primroses, rock jasmines, and snowbells, among many others.


trashline

(zoology) An orb-web spider's stabilimentum covered in food debris.


octoon

[…] octoon short, less than half the length of the metapodeon; ennaton much longer than the octoon; decaton as long as the ennaton; […]

1846, British Museum (Natural History). Dept. of Zoology, Francis Walker, List of the Specimens of the Hymenopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum (page 85)

(zoology) The eighth segment of an insect.


ennaton

(zoology) The ninth segment of an insect.


decaton

(zoology) The tenth segment of an insect.


metapodeon

(zoology) The seventh segment of an insect.


oophoro-

/oʊˈɒfəɹoʊ-/

From international scientific vocabulary, reflecting a New Latin combining form, from oophoron.

classical compound
international scientific vocabulary


apostasis

(botany) The abnormal disunion of parts that are normally united.


synstigmatic

(botany) Having the pollen-mass furnished with a retinaculum by which it adheres to the stigma, as in orchids.


mycophycobiosis

en-noun

mycophycobiosis (countable and uncountable, plural mycophycobioses)

(biology) A symbiotic organism made up of a multicellular alga and an ascomycete fungus housed inside the alga.


crouzeliine

(zoology) Any extinct primate in the subfamily Crouzeliinae.