pretornal

Upper and under sides similar to those in ♂; the differs in the black markings which are broader, the red ocelli on the hind wing that are considerably larger, and in the obliquely placed pretornal short bar that is always centred with red.

1907, Lieut. Colonel CT Bingham, The Fauna of British India Including Ceylon and Burma., volume II Butterflies, London: Taylor and Francis, page 127:

In the male, the forewing is lighter and without the greyish clouding; the pretornal mark is reduced to a few fuscous scales or is sometimes completely absent.

1953, Bulletin of Entomological Research, volume 43, London: Commonwealth Institute of Entomology, pages 686-687:

(entomology) Close to the margin of an insect’s wing towards the posterior angle; near the tornus.


urogenital sinus

en-noun

urogenital sinus (plural urogenital sinuses)

(anatomy, zoology) An internal structure where the vagina and urethra open into in many female mammals.


Russian encephalitis

Russian encephalitis (plural not attested)

(virology) A type of viral encephalitis occurring in parts of Russia.


labia vulvae

(anatomy, zoology) The vulva's pair of thin lip-like structures that protect the urogenital sinus/vulval vestibule.


vulvar opening

(anatomy, zoology) Orifice between the labia vulvae where offspring and urine exit from; opening of the urogenital sinus.


caec-

(biology, medicine) Alternative form of caeco-.


hedge witch

hedge witches (plural)
hedgewitch (alternative)

* (type of witch): Circa 1990s. From hedge (“boundary”) + witch, where the boundary is that separating this world from the spirit world, which is traversed during hedge riding. Possibly coined or popularised by Rae Beth (1990) Hedge Witch: A Guide to Solitary Witchcraft, London: Robert Hale, →ISBN.
* (fantasy): Circa 1980s. From hedge (“third-rate”) + witch. Compare hedge priest, hedge wizard.

1875, The Gardeners' Chronicle, New Series, Volume 4, page 725,
The common name of the fungus is, as you say, Hedge Witch or Wood Witch; the scientific name is Phallus impudicus.

(mycology) The fungus species Phallus impudicus, a type of stinkhorn.


spermaceti organ

spermaceti organ (plural spermaceti organs)

(zoology) An organ present in the heads of toothed whales of the family Physeteroidea, in particular the sperm whale.


wheldone

Coined by biochemists Sonja L. Knowles et al. in 2020, in honor of British motor racing driver Dan Wheldon.

coinage

(biochemistry) A fungal metabolite isolated from the coculture of Aspergillus fischeri and Xylaria flabelliformis, displaying cytotoxic activity against breast, melanoma, and ovarian cancer cell lines.


Russian spring–summer encephalitis

Russian spring-summer encephalitis (canonical)

tick-borne encephalitis
tick-borne encephalitis

(virology) A type of tick-borne encephalitis caused by Ixodes persulcatus.


allomark

en-verb

allomark (third-person singular simple present allomarks, present participle allomarking, simple past and past participle allomarked)

allomarks (present singular third-person)
allomarking (participle present)
allomarked (participle past)
allomarked (past)

[…] dholes, Cuon alpinus, may allomark from a handstand.

1985 August 15, Social Odours in Mammals: Volume II (Oxford Science Publications):

Cats allomark (mark each other) by rubbing the cheek and perioral regions against each other. The initiator of such a rubbing interaction may thereby deposit scent on the recipient (and/or pick it up).

1988, Turner, Dennis C., The Domestic Cat : the Biology of its Behaviour:

The frequency with which dwarf mongooses allomark before, during, and after estrus in the dominant female.

1989, Gittleman, John L, Carnivore Behavior, Ecology, and Evolution:

Two types of allomarking have been distinguished: sequential allomarking, whereby a badger marks the flank or rump of another individual, and mutual allomarking, in which both badgers press their subcaudal glands together (probably thereby swapping the bacterial communities that determine the nuances of their olfactory signature).

2005, Nowak, Ronald M, Walker's carnivores of the world:

(zoology) To scent mark onto the body of an individual of the same species.


ardipith

(anthropology, paleontology) Any of the hominids of the extinct genus Ardipithecus.


ardipith

en-adj

ardipith (comparative more ardipith, superlative most ardipith)

more ardipith (comparative)
most ardipith (superlative)

(anthropology, paleontology) Of or pertaining to the hominids of the extinct genus Ardipithecus.


-limnion

From Ancient Greek λιμνίον (limníon, “small pond”), from λίμνη (límnē, “lake, marsh”).

der

(limnology) A part of a stratified lake.


-mictic

From Ancient Greek μίξις (míxis, “mingling”). First used in holomictic.

(limnology) Refers to the manner in which a body of water stratifies.


neon skimmer

neon + skimmer (“type of dragonfly”), in reference to the species' vibrantly orange color.

(entomology) Libellula croceipennis, a New World species of bright orange dragonflies in the family Libellulidae.


dysgenesic

en-adj

dysgenesic (comparative more dysgenesic, superlative most dysgenesic)

more dysgenesic (comparative)
most dysgenesic (superlative)

(genetics) Of, pertaining to, or causing dysgenesis.


dysgenetics

(medicine, genetics) A theory linking the induction of persistent delayed genomic instability with disturbed cellular aging.


conicotine

(medicine, biochemistry) The metabolic product of nicotine that is detectable in serum, formed when nicotine decomposes in the liver.


hybrid monkey

(zoology, primatology) The offspring of two different species of monkeys.


yellow-green brushfinch

en-noun

yellow-green brushfinch (plural yellow-green brushfinches)

Calque of translingual Atlapetes luteoviridis.

calque

New World sparrow
New World sparrow#English

(ornithology) Any New World sparrow of the species Atlapetes luteoviridis, endemic to a thin stretch of inland Panama.


king quail

(ornithology) A bird of the species Synoicus chinensis.


animal cabinet

(zoology, sciences) A controlled environment designed for breeding animals, often used in biomedical research laboratories.


concatenation tree

en-noun

concatenation tree (plural concatenation trees)

Martin and colleagues recently reported a lack of correspondence between individual protein trees and the concatenation tree in several datasets of archaeal and bacterial proteins (Thiergart et al., 2014).

2016, Sonja-Verena Albers, Mecky Pohlschroder, Archaeal Cell Envelope and Surface Structures, page 42:

For example, in the analyses of the full CDS data, the coalescent tree supports a Neohymenopogon + Mouretia clade (Supplementary Figure 1), and the concatenation tree was inconclusive (i.e., support values were below 95%) for several relationships (Supplementary Figure 2) and inconsistent with the coalescent tree.

2023, Olle Thureborn, Sylvain G. Razafimandimbison, Niklas Wikström, Catarina Rydin, “Target capture data resolve recalcitrant relationships in the coffee family (Rubioideae, Rubiaceae)”, in Stefan Wanke, Susann Wicke, editor, Phylogenomic Discordance in Plant Systematics, page 227:

Similarly, in the genome sequency analysis of C. salicifolius, Lv et al. (2020) constructed an amino acid sequence-based concatenation tree of 103 single-copy gene sets and coalescent tree of 1,420 low-copy gene sets from 17 species, all of which support that magnoliids are sister plants to eudicots.

2024, Yunpeng Cao, Hui Song, Muhammad Abdullah, Multi-omics and Computational Biology in Horticultural Plants, page 63:

(genetics) A phylogenetic tree constructed from concatenated alignments.


tree-maker

Alfred S. Romer, a paleontologist at Harvard, was one of the great tree makers of the midcentury, and his reached a broad audience of young scientists-in-training through his influential textbooks, most notably Vertebrate Paleontology.

2019, David Quammen, The Tangled Tree: A Radical New History of Life, page 186:

(biology, genetics, genealogy) One who makes or constructs a tree, i.e., a branching diagram or a family tree.


phylesis

(biology) A course of evolutionary or phylogenetic development which modifies an organism or group of organisms without leading to the formation of a new species.


unextinction

unextinction (countable and uncountable, plural unextinctions)

From un- (reversive prefix) + extinction.

"Pteranodon party, their evolution cycle is up on Xirdneh, in celebration of their unextinction there's a savior-class carrier chartered, and with this coupon we can chose two Gaeapod clones of our preference to be sacrificed to the initial pteranodon brood!" […]

(biology) The process of bringing an extinct species back into existence.


phosphylation

phosphylation (countable and uncountable, plural phosphylations)

(biochemistry) a generic term for both phosphorylation by phosphate esters and phosphonylation by phosphonate or phosphinate esters.


iduna

Hundreds of warblers made the mass - mainly Blackcap and Lesser Whitethroat but also quite many Reed Warblers and an assortment of other sylvias, locustellas, idunas and phyllos, plus some other bits and pieces.

2012 April 14, Yoav Perlman, “Busy busy”, in Yoav Perlman (blog):

Most Idunas share a rather peculiar jizz.

2016 August 26, “Focus On: Booted Warbler”, in BirdGuides:

Booted Warblers are the more northerly breeders of the two sibling Idunas.

2019, Sudhir Vyas, Indian BIRDS, Indian BIRDS Monographs, Booted Warbler Iduna caligata Passage migrant (Fairly common), page 92:

(ornithology) Any warbler of the genus Iduna.


area of occupancy

area of occupancy (plural areas of occupany)

extent of occurrence
extent of occurrence

(biology) the area within its extent of occurrence which is occupied by a taxon.


extent of occurrence

extent of occurrence (plural extents of ocurrence)

(biology) the area contained within the shortest continuous imaginary boundary which can be drawn to encompass all the known, inferred or projected sites of present occurrence of a taxon.


prey drive

(zoology) The instinctive inclination of a carnivore to locate, pursue, and capture prey.


ray floret

(botany) A female or sterile floret within a capitulum whose main feature is a corolla formed of a single showy petal.


multi-omics

Multi-omics approaches based on the analysis of different body fluids and tissues with various profiling platforms promise to provide deeper insights into complex psychiatric disorders.

2008 March, E[manuel] Schwarz, S[abine] Bahn, “The utility of biomarker discovery approaches for the detection of disease mechanisms in psychiatric disorders”, in British Journal of Pharmacology, volume 154, number S1 (Special Issue: Life Sciences), →DOI, page S136:

(biology) An approach for biological analysis that applies multiple omics subfields in a concerted manner.


multi-omic

From multi- + omic or a back-formation from multi-omics.

(biology) Of or pertaining to multiple omics subfields; of or pertaining to multi-omics.


eccrinid

In 1957, we collected in the seaward intertidal zone [...] both mole and mud crabs infested with eccrinids.

1958 November 7, Eunice Thompson Cronin, T.W., Jr. Johnson, “A halophilic Enterobyrus in the mole crab Emerita talpoida Say”, in Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society, volume 74, number 2, →JSTOR, pages 167–172:

Species of Eccrinales, commonly referred to as eccrinids, are often found associated with terrestrial arthropods [...]

1989, James F. White, Jr., Thomas N. Taylor, “A Trichomycete-like fossil from the Triassic of Antarctica”, in Mycologia, volume 81, number 4, →DOI, pages 643–646:

(biology) a member of the order Eccrinales

The possible reasons for the distribution of eccrinids in the crab-like decapod crustaceans of the Barents Sea are discussed.

2018 November 7, “First finding of representatives of the Eccrinida order in the digestive tract of king crab specie from the Barents Sea”, in Doklady Biological Sciences, volume 483, number 2, →DOI, →PMID, pages 167–172:

The eccrinid Enteromyces callianassae Lichtwardt, 1961 has been found in the guts of various decapod crustacean species [...]

2022, Robert Perger, Jorge Cortés, Cristian Pacheco, “First reports of protists in land crabs of the family Gecarcinidae (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) suggest a relatively widespread phenomenon”, in Journal of Natural History, volume 56, numbers 1–4, →DOI, pages 149–156:

(biology) a member of the order Eccrinida


necto-

From Ancient Greek νηκτός (nēktós, “swimming”). Compare nekton.


homoeology

en-noun

homoeology (usually uncountable, plural homoeologies)

homoeologies (plural)
homeology (alternative)

By surface analysis, homoeo- + -logy = homoe- + -ology.

(biology) Similarity in genetic makeup, especially in hybrids involving homology in an ancestral form.


eco-neighborhood

eco-neighborhoods (plural)
eco-neighbourhood (alternative UK)

→ Portuguese: ecobairro (calque)

The Beddington eco-neighborhood was opened in 2002 on a former landfill site in Sutton, a residential borough of South London.

2021 March 24, 6 eco-neighbourhoods to discover in Europe:

(ecology) neighborhood designed and organized in order to reduce the environmental impact of its activity


tree cookie

Obtain tree cross-sections or “tree cookies” from a local tree-trimming service or other source, or make your own by sawing the trunk or limb of a fallen tree into sections 1–2 inch (4–5 cm) thick. To prevent them from splitting, dry the tree cookies either on a sunny driveway for five days or in a kitchen oven set to “warm” for five hours. Turn the cookies over periodically to dry both sides evenly.

2019, “Activity: Tree Cookies”, in Project Learning Tree, Sustainable Forestry Initiative, archived from the original on 2024-06-26:

When a cross section of a tree is taken it is often referred to as a "tree cookie" due to its shape. The first year of growth is at the center of the tree cookie, while the last year’s growth is where the wood meets the bark.

2020-06-16, Science World, ASTC Science World Society, archived from the original on 2024-04-22:

Tree cookies are cross sections of tree trunks that foresters and teachers use to illustrate how trees grow. Tree cookies reveal the many different layers that make up a tree.

2021 May 17, “Tree Cookies”, in Idahoforests.org, Idaho Forestry Products Commission, archived from the original on 2024-07-29:

(botany, forestry) A preserved horizontal cross-section of a tree trunk or limb, often demonstrating the physical structure and growth rings of the source plant.


low-growing

en-adj

low-growing (comparative lower-growing, superlative lowest-growing)

lower-growing (comparative)
lowest-growing (superlative)

(botany, horticulture) Of plants, that grow relatively close to the ground.


hemiamyloid

hemiamyloid (comparative more hemiamyloid, superlative most hemiamyloid)

more hemiamyloid (comparative)
most hemiamyloid (superlative)

Fuscopannaria and Moelleropsis share important characters like the hemiamyloid reaction of the hymenium and the amyloid tube structure of the ascus apex.

2002 June, Ekman, Stefan, Jørgensen, Per Magnus, “Towards a molecular phylogeny for the lichen family Pannariaceae (Lecanorales, Ascomycota)”, in Canadian Journal of Botany, volume 80, number 6, page 632:

(mycology) Describes an element of the cell wall that does not directly stain blue with iodine reagents added to a water preparation, but only when it has been pretreated with potassium hydroxide solution (KOH).


red-toothed

(zoology) Of an animal, having a reddish enamel at the tips of the teeth.


sharp-toothed

sharp-toothed (comparative sharper-toothed, superlative sharpest-toothed)

sharper-toothed (comparative)
sharpest-toothed (superlative)

(zoology) Of an animal, possessing sharp teeth.


drift fruit

(botany) A fruit adapted for long-distance dispersal by water.


ammonitologist

Arkell was a Jurassic ammonitologist with immense personal experience.

1984, Edward T. Tozer, The Trias and Its Ammonoids The Evolution of a Time Scale, page 23:

However, a clearly distinctive element is the ammonitella, which is now the focus of attention of many ammonitologists.

1996, Cyprian Kulick, “Ammonoid Shell Microstructure”, in Kazushige Tanabe, Neil H. Landman, Richard Arnold Davis, editors, Ammonoid Paleobiology, page 95:

René Hoffmann, an ammonitologist at the Ruhr-University Bochum in Germany who reviewed the study, called the fossil a “paleontological jackpot you have only once in a lifetime.”

2021 January 31, Sabrina Imbler, “This Ammonite Was Fossilized Outside Its Shell”, in The New York Times:

(paleontology) A paleobiologist or researcher specializing in the study of ammonites.


ammonitology

The elaborate resulting nomenclature (taxonomy) is admittedly cumbersome. Unfortunately this aspect of ammonitology turns many away from an exciting and fruitful field of research.

Ammonitology was a bastion of documentation during the heyday of recapitulation, and therefore became the great hunting ground for a claim about frequent paedomorphosis when fashions shifted.

1988, Stephen J. Gould, “The Uses of Heterochrony”, in Michael L. McKinney, editor, Heterochrony in Evolution: A Multidisciplinary Approach, page 9:

Since the early times of the Hungarian geology, a special attention was dedicated to the Jurassic biostratigraphy and ammonitology.

1996, A. C. Riccardi, editor, Advances in Jurassic Research, page 187:

(paleontology) The scientific study of ammonites.


dipteron

The next species of Diptera are two female specimens of Trichomyia, bred about the end of May, following which is a dipteron new to the British list, Brachycoma erratica, Mgn., of the family Tachinidæ, kindly identified with the other Diptera of our cherry stump, by Dr. Meade, of Bradford, who has fully described this new species on page 110 in the May number of The Entomologists Monthly Magazine, 1894.

1895, C. J. Watkins, “The Denizens of an Old Cherry Tree, With Notes of its Surroundings”, in The Journal of Microscopy and Natural Science, volume 14, page 9:

A larval dipteron which has been interpreted as a roundworm.

1905, Charles Wardell Stiles, Albert Hassall, The Determination of Generic Types and a List of Roundworm Genera, with Their Original and Type Species:

This gall was brought to me ten years ago. From my notes I gather it was probably made by a dipteron, but I failed to rear the flies.

1910 June, E. W. Swanton, “Notes on British Galls”, in Knowledge: A Monthly Record of Science, volume 7, page 209:

(entomology) Any fly of the taxonomic order Diptera.


behavioral sink

en-noun

behavioral sink (plural behavioral sinks)

(zoology, ethology) A collapse in behavior that can result from overpopulation.


coeloconicum

The selectivity of sensilla coeloconica olfactory sensory neurons was investigated and demonstrated sensitivity to fifteen vertebrate-related volatiles, including ammonia.

2024 November 2, Wikipedia contributors, “Calyptra thalictri”, in English Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation:

(entomology) A type of sensillum found in insects, including mosquitoes, ants, and centipedes, characterized by a peg or cone embedded within a pit, involved in detecting chemical or temperature changes.


kloedenellid

This is also done for Dizygopleura landesi Roth and Eukloedenella pontotocensis Lundin, new species, which illustrate domiciliar (kloedenellid) dimorphism.

1965, Robert F. Lundin, Bulletin - Issue 108, page 18:

The difference between the kloedenellids and the geisinids , as defined , is the development of an anterodorsal process in the former.

1978, Robert Vernon Kesling, Ruth B. Chilman, Ostracods of the Middle Devonian Silica Formation:

According to the latter authors, domatial dimorphism takes the form of a special posterior domiciliar space for egg/brood care in females, and is found in extant ostracods such as cytherellids and the podocopid Cyprideis lineage as well as in extinct Palaeozoic groups such as kloedenellids, monotiopleurids and leperditellids.

1998, Koen Martens, Sex and Parthenogenesis, page 188:

(paleontology) Any of a group of small, Paleozoic seed shrimps, noted for their distinct shell shapes.


green accounting

(accounting, ecology) A type of accounting that attempts to factor environmental costs into the financial results of operations.


ocular spark

(ichthyology) A type of ocular radiance, reflecting it into the visual field to illuminate the field of vision, for diurnal active photolocation.


pilosan

(zoology) Any member of the order Pilosa, an anteater or a sloth.


gender-binary

(biology, sociology) Synonym of binary (“having or pertaining to a gender identity represented by the gender binary; either male or female”).


diurnal active photolocation

diurnal active photolocation (uncountable)

(ichthyology) The use of daylight for phosphorescence, fluorescence, or reflection, which then illuminates the visual field.


caeoma

New Latin caeoma, from Ancient Greek καίειν (kaíein, “to burn”) + -ωμα (-ōma). Attested from 1832.

der

Although examples of both the caeoma and cup types of aecidia have been studied from this standpoint, the most clear and acceptable accounts have been given for the less complicated, superficial caeomas.

1875 July, F.D. Fromme, “The morphology and cytology of the aecidium cup”, in The Botanical Gazette, page 1:

(mycology) An aecium of some rust fungi that has no peridium or outer membrane.


nocturnal active photolocation

en-noun

nocturnal active photolocation (uncountable)

(ichthyology) The use of nighttime light such as phosphorescence or fluorescence to navigate or locate objects at night.


passive photolocation

(ichthyology) The use of standard vision in order to locate objects in the environment.


ill-thrift

(veterinary medicine) An animal's failure to thrive.


extrinsic protein

extrinsic protein (plural extrinsic proteins)

peripheral membrane protein
peripheral membrane protein#English

(biochemistry) Synonym of peripheral membrane protein.


muta-

From mutation, itself from Latin mūtātiō, by analogy with other Graeco-Latin prefixes.

(genetics, linguistics) Relating to mutation.


asco-

From international scientific vocabulary, reflecting a New Latin combining form, from Latin ascus via back-formation from Ascomycetes, which see.

classical compound
international scientific vocabulary


basal lamina

basal lamina (usually uncountable, plural basal laminae or basal laminas)

basal laminae (plural)
basal laminas (plural)

extracellular matrix
extracellular matrix

(biology, anatomy, medicine) The thin layer of extracellular matrix upon which epithelial cells reside.


sex characteristic

sex characteristic (plural sex characteristics)

primary sex characteristic

secondary sex characteristic

(biology) A physical trait of a sexually dimorphic organism that is specific to one sex.


homotypic synonym

homotypic synonym (plural homotypic synonyms)

(botany, taxonomy) A scientific name that is based on the same type of specimen as another name for the same taxon.


Pcr

(biochemistry) Abbreviation of phosphocreatine.


valid name

(zoology) The correct scientific name for a taxon, or group of organisms.


achilixiid

(zoology) Any hemipteran of the family Achilixiidae


udonellid

(zoology) Any flatworm of the family Udonellidae


blepharipodid

(zoology) Any sand crab in the family Blepharipodidae


immune cell

(cytology, immunology) A white blood cell that assists the body in fighting off infections and diseases.


corification

corification (countable and uncountable, plural corifications)

(biology) A post-mortem preservation phenomenon that causes a substantial delay in the decomposition process.


viral vector

(microbiology, virology) A modified virus designed to deliver genetic material into a cell.


supratympanal

en-adj

supratympanal (comparative more supratympanal, superlative most supratympanal)

more supratympanal (comparative)
most supratympanal (superlative)

Upper parts brownish olive; a triangular dark spot on the crown of the head; a brown spot below the eye, and a brown band along and below the supratympanal fold.

1864, Albert C.L.G. Günther, The Reptiles Of British India, London: R.Y. Society, page 415:

In grasshoppers the auditory nerve, after entering the tibia, divides into two branches, one forming the supratympanal ganglion, the other descending into the tympanum and forming a ganglion known as Siebold’s organ.

1899, Jame Weir, Jr., The Dawn of Reason of Mental Traits in the Lower Animals, New York: The Macmillan Company, page 21:

The outer chamber contains the supratympanal organ together with leucocytes and adipose cells.

1977, O. W. Richards, R. G. Davies, Imms' General Textbook of Entomology, 10 edition, Volume I: Structure, Physiology and Development, London: Chapman and Hall, page 133:

(anatomy, zoology) Situated over or above the tympanum, or tympanic cavity, of the ear.


emydine

(zoology) Any turtle in the subfamily Emydinae.


deirochelyine

(zoology) Any turtle in the subfamily Deirochelyinae.


geoemydine

(zoology) Any turtle in the subfamily Geoemydinae.


epistrophic

epistrophic (comparative more epistrophic, superlative most epistrophic)

more epistrophic (comparative)
most epistrophic (superlative)

The apostrophic or epistrophic arrangement is the result of complicated laws dependent on the action of light; very strong irritation of light causes the chlorophyll-grains to collect into one or two lumps, a phenomenon for which Schimper proposes the term systrophe.

1886, A. F. W. Schimper, “Chlorophyll-grains and Chromatophores”, in Journal of the Royal Microscopical Society, page 642:

The accompanying diagram shows all the information I have been able to collect regarding the plant's epistrophic interval.

1888, The Journal of the Linnean Society: Botany, page 356:

The epistropic interval varies in position and in extent in different species.

1897, Charles Benedict Davenport, Experimental Morphology - Part 1, page 190:


limonium

(botany) Any plant of the genus Limonium.


wormworld

en-noun

wormworld (countable and uncountable, plural wormworlds)

(paleontology) An age that is dominated by worms.

(paleontology) A region that is dominated by worm-life.


sigmalike

This is at least defensible, for the twisting of the chela is in itself a structural feature that is sigmalike; that is, the twisted chela is intermediate, in respect to the shape of the spicular axis, between the sigma and the normal chela, although in other respects it is a perfectly differentiated chela.

1921, W.C. George and and H.V. Wilson, “Sponges of Beaufort (N.C.) Harbor and Vicinity”, in Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Fisheries, volume 36, page 150:

They predicted that there should be other sigmalike factors that would select other classes of promoters in response to the cell's needs.

1976, E.W. Caspari (editor), Advances in Genetics, Volume 18, page 36:

agents which stimulate transcription suggest that sigmalike factors also exist for the eukaryotic polymerases.

2013, Harry Harris (editor), Advances in Human Genetics, page 291:

(cytology, molecular biology) Characteristic of a structure composed of sigma bonds.


diascia

(botany) Any plant of the genus Diascia.


lythrum

(botany) Any plant of the genus Lythrum.


antiaccelerator

(biochemistry) A substance having an antagonistic effect against an accelerator.


alternipetalous

(botany) Having the parts of the flower, e.g. stamens, alternate in position with the petals.


amylum star

(botany) A vegetative propagative body filled with starch, located around the lower nodes of certain stoneworts.


floral envelope

floral envelope (plural floral envelopes)


pseudostipular

(botany) Of or relating to a pseudostipule.


kettle trap

(botany) The kettle-like pitcher of any of the carnivorous pitcher plants, used to trap their prey.


pseudosite

(genetics) An incorrect binding site that resembles the desired one.


primordial cell

primordial cell (plural primordial cells)

(biology, cytology) In a vertebrate, a germline stem cell that develops into a gamete, such as a spermatozoon or an oocyte.


primordial element

primordial element (plural primordial elements)

(biology, chemistry) A chemical element that has existed in its current state since before the Earth was formed.


primordial sludge

(biology, chemistry) A mixture of organic molecules hypothesized to be the origin of life on Earth; primordial soup.


tuftedly

(botany) In a tufted manner; having tufts.


symphylly

(botany) The condition of being symphyllous.


perforation plate

perforation plate (plural perforation plates)

(botany) In a tracheary element, part of the cell wall that is perforated, present in vessel members but not in tracheid cells.


clavuncula

(botany) In the Apocynaceae, an enlarged, drum-shaped stigma whose sides and lower surface are the receptive zones.


stilt root

(botany) A descending root growing from the trunk above ground and sometimes featuring lenticels.


speirochory

(botany) The unintentional introduction of plants into an area by means of contaminated seed.


rotately

(botany) In a rotate or wheel-shaped manner.


consexual

en-adj

consexual (comparative more consexual, superlative most consexual)

more consexual (comparative)
most consexual (superlative)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-consexual.wav

If, in fact, in L. funebris there is no sex marker on the song elements themselves, then a young bird must be able to sex its tutor. The same is true if the individuals were predisposed to produce the total vocabulary of any population, or of both sexes in their own population, and then under experience had to suppress a sex-specific subset of that repertoire [7]. It seems unrealistic to assume the reverse, that a parent bird can sex by some hidden cues newly hatched sexually monomorphic offspring and direct its own vocabulary to consexual young only.

1996 December 1, W. Wickler, K. Lunau, “How Do East African Bush Shrikes Laniarius funebris Recognize Male and Female Tutors During Gender Dialect Development?”, in Naturwissenschaften, volume 83, →DOI, pages 579b–c:

Experimental Protocol. We could not test all 48 salamanders simultaneously, so we randomly assigned salamanders to consexual pairs for testing and subsequent statistical comparison. Within a pair, one salamander was randomly assigned to the snake-soiled water treatment and the other to the unsoiled water treatment.

2001 July 1, John C. Maerz, Nova L. Panebianco, Dale M. Madison, “Effects of Predator Chemical Cues and Behavioral Biorhythms on Foraging, Activity of Terrestrial Salamanders”, in Journal of Chemical Ecology, volume 27, →DOI, page 1335:

We examined male signaling in a consexual context in two types of experiments. In the MI experiment, males were exposed to their mirror images (only visual cues) and in the MM experiment, males were exposed to real size-matched male opponents. We found overall similar display rates (DE, PU, HN) for both consexual experiments, which confirms the earlier finding that Anolis lizards use visual rather than chemical signals during social interactions (Jenssen 1977; Fleishman 1992; Jenssen et al. 1995; Forster et al. 2005). We further observed that A. sagrei males increased their PU frequency, but not their DE and HN rate during staged consexual interactions.

2013 December 24, Tess Driessens, Beatrijs Vanhooydonck, Raoul Van Damme, “Deterring predators, daunting opponents or drawing partners? Signaling rates across diverse contexts in the lizard Anolis sagrei”, in Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, volume 68, →DOI, page 181a:

it has also been demonstrated that extracts from drone mandibular glands (DMG) or groups of live drones can attract other flying drones within apiaries (Lensky et al. 1985) and non-flying ambulating drones (Brandstaetter et al. 2014), suggesting an alternate chemically mediated mechanism for the formation and/or maintenance of DCAs and drone consexual attraction.

2017 December 6, Gabriel Villar, Megan D. Wolfson, Abraham Hefetz, Christina M. Grozinger, “Evaluating the Role of Drone-Produced Chemical Signals in Mediating Social Interactions in Honey Bees (Apis mellifera)”, in Journal of Chemical Ecology, volume 44, →DOI, page 2a:

Trees are polygamodioecious: There are male, female, and consexual trees. […] The species (Garcinia indica) has a very complex sexual system. Rawat and Bhatnagar (2005) considered this species as gynodioecious, whereas Rajasekharan and Ganeshan (2002) described it as polygamodioecious. Progenies of kokum raised from seeds segregate in the ratio: 37 males: 55 females: 8 consexual (Thatte and Deodhar 2012). Furthermore, male flowers are either pure males or with a pistillode; female flowers are either pure female or with staminodes (Bhaskaran and Krishnan 2012).

2023 October 11, N. Mini Raj, H. C. Vikram, V. A. Muhammed Nissa, E. V. Nybe, “Garcinia”, in Handbook of Spices in India: 75 Years of Research and Development, Singapore: Springer, →DOI, page 3014:

(botany) Having both male and female reproductive structures in a single individual.


consexual

Group composition by sex was far more variable when tube density was low (0.5 tubes/ﬁsh) than when tube density was high (1 tube/ﬁsh) (Table 3). Males and females aﬃliated with consexuals at equal rates.

2002 January 7, K. Dunlap, L. Oliveri, “Retreat site selection and social organization in captive electric fish, Apteronotus leptorhynchus”, in Journal of Comparative Physiology A, volume 188, →DOI, page 473a:

Brown males did not chase consexuals.

2003 December 1, Troy A Baird, Laurie J Vitt, Teresa D Baird, William E Cooper, Jr., Janalee P Caldwell, Valentín Pérez-Mellado, “Social behavior and sexual dimorphism in the Bonaire whiptail, Cnemidophorus murinus (Squamata: Teiidae): the role of sexual selection”, in Canadian Journal of Zoology, volume 81, number 11, →DOI:

(biology) An individual of the same sex.


podocarpium

The laminae of these bracts are reduced so that only very short leaf tips are present. Whereas the podocarpium of the mature cone of P. elongatus and P. latifolius is always fleshy […]

(botany) In certain members of the Podocarpaceae, a group of fleshy fused bracts beneath the female cone that swell to enclose the developing seeds and attract frugivores.


F2 hybrid

(genetics) A cross between two F1 hybrids.


apophyllous

(botany) Having the perianth or other segments free, not united.


uniflory

(botany) The quality of being uniflorous.


ovipary

(biology) The laying of eggs by an animal.


apocarp

(botany) A carpel of an apocarpous plant.


furcraea

(botany) Any plant of the genus Furcraea.


hypogyny

(botany) The property of being hypogynous.


monocycly

(biology) The quality of being monocyclic.


dicycly

(biology) The quality of being dicyclic.


feed on

en-verb

feed on (third-person singular simple present feeds on, present participle feeding on, simple past and past participle fed on)

feeds on (present singular third-person)
feeding on (participle present)
fed on (participle past)
fed on (past)

(literally, zoology) Of an animal, to take as food, to obtain regular nourishment.


blackaroon

en-noun

blackaroon (usually uncountable, plural blackaroons)

Next follows the small black Cherry called the Blackaroon, which are also a profitable commodity for the barrows.

1805, Sir Richard Phillips, Modern London, Being the History and Present State of the British Metropolis, page 501:

Madock, White and Black Heart Cherries, Blackaroons, Kentish Cherries, and others, begin now to redden in abundance on the trees, and continue throughout the month, and part of the next; more particulars of which will be found in our catalogue of aestival fruits.

1824, Thomas Ignatius M. Forster, The perennial calendar, page 328:

The chestnut was chestan (O. Fr. chastaigne); the wild cherry, gean or guin (Fr. guigne), a word still in use, and the name of which may be derived from Guienne, notwithstanding a notion prevailing in the north that the blackaroon, or blacksherry, was originally brought from Guines, in Artois.

1882, Francisque Michel, A Critical Inquiry Into the Scottish Language with the View of Illustrating the Rise and Progress of Civilisation in Scotland, page 61:

(botany, rare) A species of small dark cherries found in Northern England and Scotland.


epecophyte

(botany) A species that is largely confined to artificial habitats.


agriophyte

(botany) A species that has invaded native vegetation and can survive there without human intervention.


habitat loss

(ecology) Alteration of an environment so that a species or multiple species may no longer habitably live there.


purple sulfur bacterium

purple sulfur bacterium (plural purple sulfur bacteria)

(bacteriology) Any gammaproteobacterium of the order Chromatiales.


photoorientation

The term photoorientation is used here to include all types of movement which tend to bring living organisms into geometrical relation with light fields in which they find themselves.

1954 December, Harold F. Blum, “Photoorientation and the "Tropism Theory"”, in The Quarterly Review of Biology, volume 29, number 4, page 307:

Photoorientation of chloroplasts from profile to face position in Mougeotia can be controlled in two ways.

1991 August, Z. Lechowski, J. Bialczyk, “The Action Spectrum of Far-Red Light in Interaction with Orange Light on Orientation of Chloroplasts in Mougeotia”, in The New Phytologist, volume 118, number 4, page 521:

Orientation film is a key material in liquid crystal displays,and the technology of inducing liquid crystal molecularorientation through polyimide photoorientation film is widely studied.

2024 June, Ji Li, Zhifu Li, Jie Chen, Yongchao Zhao, Binbin He, Ting Zhao, Shuang Lu, Guozhong Wang, “P-187: Pretilt angle of liquid crystal molecules induced by photo-aligned films of Polymerized 2-(methacrylic acid) ethyl 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid reaction monomer polyimide for PSVA technology”, in SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers, volume 55, number 1:

(chemistry, biology) The process of aligning molecules or living organisms using light.


smooth-haired

en-adj

smooth-haired (comparative smoother-haired, superlative smoothest-haired)

smoother-haired (comparative)
smoothest-haired (superlative)


smoothbelly

(zoology) Used in the names of various organisms having a relatively smooth belly.


third spacing

(biology, medicine) The abnormal accumulation of fluid (watery liquid) into an extracellular and extravascular space or potential space (i.e., outside vessels and outside cells).


soft scale

en-noun

soft scale (countable and uncountable, plural soft scales)

(botany, entomology) Any immobile insect that anchors a strawlike mouthpart to feed on plant phloem or sap, of infraorder Coccomorpha or superfamily Coccoidea.


endosymbiogenesis

endosymbiogenesis (countable and uncountable, plural endosymbiogeneses)

(biology) The origin of an endosymbiosis.


infloration

The flowers are complete; infloration a cyme, corymb or spike; calyx persistent[…]

(obsolete, botany) The arrangement of flowers on a plant; inflorescence.


plurivoltine

(biology) Having multiple broods or generations in a year.


plurivoltinism

(biology) The state of being plurivoltine.


trivoltinism

(biology) The state of being trivoltine.


arctoidean

(zoology) Of or relating to the infraorder Arctoidea.


SMase

(biochemistry) Abbreviation of sphingomyelinase.


urkaryote

(biology) A theoretical ancestor of eukaryotes.


honey tube

In order to empty the deepest honey tubes accessible to it, the bee stretches out all the moveable parts of its sucking apparatus (lora, cardines, laminae, maxillar palpi, and tongue) in the same manner as is shown in Figs. 1 and 2, with the only difference that the two first joints of the labial palpi sheathe the tongue from beneath and that the laminae closely embrace the menutum and the basal part of the tongue from above.

1873 July 3, Hermann Muller, “On the Fertilisation of Flowers by Insects aned On the Reciprocal Adaptations of Both”, in Nature London: The International Weekly Journal of Science, page 189:

In the pansy one petal is modified for the same purpose, and in the columbine each of the five petals is a honey-tube.

1908, M. M. Penstone, A Cycle of Nature Study Suitable for Children Under Twelve, page 195:

In remarkable contrast to these species, with their exposed honey, is the genus Lonicera (the honeysuckle). Lonicera caprifolium has a honey tube no less than 30 mm. long, for the most part not above 1-2 mm. wide, and moreover a great part occupied by the style.

2023, John Lubbock, Nature Series on British Wild Flowers, page 109:

(botany) A modified petal that fills with nectar which is then collected by insects; nectary.

These are crowded upon the leaves, some with their beaks buried so deeply as to appear as if standing upon their heads, pumping up the sap, and swelling out their delicate bodies till they seem fit to burst: globules of the sweet secretion continually forming at the extremity of each honey-tube, steadily increasing and dropping; the busy ants running hither and thither, now approaching, and lapping the drops, now rushing with meancing air and open jaws at some eager wasp or fly, who, just arrived, desires to share the repast, and whose conscience would not upbraid him should he devour a few of the confectioners with their own sirup.

1867 July, Francis Gregory Sanborn, “Plant-Lice and Scale-Insects”, in American Journal of Horticulture and Florists' Companion, volume 2, page 86:

This combination of a small honey tube and a feeler in which there is a single sensory pit on the ter minal joint, is peculiar to this larva just from the egg; none of the later broods have it .

1900, John B. Smith, The Apple Plant Louse:

Fig 2. Dorsal outline of the posteriro region of abdomen showing honey-tube within which are small characcteristic bodies and a fine tube which resembles a trachea.

1908 January, C. F. Jackson, “Notes on the Aphididae”, in Ohio Naturalist, volume 8, number 3, page 249:


narrow-spectrum

(microbiology, pharmacology) Of an antibiotic, that is only able to kill or inhibit limited species of bacteria.


evolutionary genetics

(genetics) The study of evolutionary processes in an ecological context in order to account for phenotypic patterns observed in nature.


quantitative genetics

(genetics) The study of the genetic basis of continuously varying phenotypic traits in a population.


sharptooth

(zoology) Having sharp teeth; used in the names of various creatures.


untwitchable

en-adj

untwitchable (comparative more untwitchable, superlative most untwitchable)

more untwitchable (comparative)
most untwitchable (superlative)

(birdwatching, of a bird) Unable to be visited and viewed by birders.


periphysis

en-noun

periphysis (countable and uncountable, plural periphyses)

(botany) A short, sterile hypha that develops from above the ascus and grows down a short distance, typically lining the internal walls of the ostiole in a perithecium.


macrobotany

(botany) The study of plant remains from archaeological sites that are large enough to be viewed with the naked eye or with a low-powered microscope.


microbotany

(botany) The study of microscopic plant parts, or microbotanical remains, that can only be viewed with a high-powered microscope.


container plant

container plant (plural container plants)

(botany, horticulture) A plant that grows in a pot or other container, instead of in the ground.


basitony

(botany) Predominant or exclusive development of buds at the base of a plant or branch.


kleptogamy

(zoology, ethology) copulation strategy by which males attempt to mate stealthily


accremental

en-adj

accremental (comparative more accremental, superlative most accremental)

more accremental (comparative)
most accremental (superlative)

From Latin accrēmentum (to increase or grow) + -al

There are moderately developed accremental striæ, which become ruder and rounder on the free tube.

1904 December [1904 August 2], Jos. C Verco, M.D., “Notes on South Australian Marine Mollusca, with Descriptions of New Species, Part I.”, in Walter Howchin, editor, TRANSACTIONS of the ROYAL SOCIETY of SOUTH AUSTRALIA., volume XXVIII, page 143:

The factor mainly responsible for the crisis (an interruption in the gradual, accremental change when the extant institutions absorb new conditions, modifying in the process in a fashion not suddent enough to be perceived as revolutionary) in Western Europe which was to lead eventually to the articulation of class society was the demographic explosion of the eighteenth century.

1982, Zygmunt Bauman, Memories of Class (Routledge Revivals): The Pre-history and After-life of Class (International library of sociology), Routledge, page 4:

They are crossed by oblique crowded accremental striae, producing sublenticular pitting.

2024 June 30, Wikipedia contributors, “Callistele calliston”, in English Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation:

(biology) Related to growth or increase by successive additions, particularly in size or volume, often through the gradual deposition of material. This term is used to describe processes or structures that grow by accretion, such as the formation of shells, tree rings, or the buildup of biological tissues.


biomolecular condensate

en-noun

biomolecular condensate (plural biomolecular condensates)

Do you remember learning about cell diagrams in high school biology? The cell wall, the organelles, the nucleus. The real picture is turning out to be much more complicated, and interesting, than we were taught. Cells are filled with teensy, phase-shifting blobs that often contain protein and RNA, and in the past several years they’ve taken over cellular biology. In our cover story on page 22, science writer Philip Ball dives into the world of these specks, known as biomolecular condensates, which play astounding roles in cellular functioning across all domains of life.

2025 February 1, Jeanna Bryner, “In this issue: From the editor: Blobs and Green Monsters”, in Scientific American, page 4:

(biology, medicine) Any of a class of membraneless organelles and organelle subdomains that carry out specialized functions within a cell; many contain proteins and RNAs.


deuterostomy

(zoology) A process in embryology where the mouth forms subsequent to the anus.


pharyngotremy

pharyngo- + -tremy meaning holes in the pharynx

(zoology) The condition of an animal in which the pharynx is perforated by gill slits.


xenusian

(paleontology) Any lobopodian in the class †Xenusia.


hearing range

(audiology, otology, zoology) The frequency range that can be heard by humans or other animals.


China tea

Camellia sinensis
Camellia sinensis#Translingual

(botany, beverages) A tea made from the leaves of the Camellia sinensis plant, a variety of the tea plant that is mainly grown in southern China.


diatomyid

(zoology) Any member of the Diatomyidae family of rodents.


cinchonaceae

(botany) A family of flowering plants that includes the genus Cinchona.


geomyoid

(zoology) Any member of the Geomyoidea superfamily of rodents.


decarbamylation

(organic chemistry, biochemistry) The reversal of a carbamylation.


dictyoxide

(biochemistry) A diterpenoid derived from the brown alga Dictyota with IUPAC name 1R,2S,6R,10S)-3,7-dimethyl-10-(6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl)-11-oxatricyclo[5.3.1.0^(2,6)]undec-3-ene.


dictyol

(biochemistry) One of a set of alcohols containing a cyclohexane ring fused to a cyclopentane ring, found in Dictyota brown algae.


dictyotriol

(biochemistry) A dictyol with three hydroxy groups (triol), in particular dictyotriol A with IUPAC name (3aS,4R,5S,7R,8aR)-5-(3-hydroxy-6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl)-3-methyl-8-methylidene-3a,4,5,6,7,8a-hexahydro-1H-azulene-4,7-diol


branchleted

en-adj

branchleted (comparative more branchleted, superlative most branchleted)

more branchleted (comparative)
most branchleted (superlative)


synallactid

(zoology) Any echinoderm in the family Synallactidae.


adenovirology

(virology) The scientific study of adenoviruses.


adenovirologist

(virology) A scientist who studies adenoviruses.


altingiaceous

(botany, relational) Of or relating to the Altingiaceae.


subdigitigrade

(zoology) With paraxonic feet with slightly spreading digits.


carnivoraform

(zoology) Alternative form of carnivoramorphan.


phomosis

(mycology, botany) A fungal plant disease caused by Phomopsis.


dumetorine

(biochemistry) An alkaloid from Dioscorea dumetorum with IUPAC name 4-methyl-2-[(1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)methyl]-2,3-dihydropyran-6-one


chiropterous

chiropterous (comparative more chiropterous, superlative most chiropterous)

more chiropterous (comparative)
most chiropterous (superlative)


nonaneuploidy

(genetics) The condition of being nonaneuploid.


selenophilia

(botany, chemistry) The quality of being selenophilic.


revertancy

(genetics) The condition of being revertant.


psychogenic alopecia

(zoology) A type of hair loss affecting domestic cats, caused by psychological stress.


pluviophilia

(biology) The quality of being pluviophilous.


heterotriplex

(biochemistry) A triplex DNA strand derived from different parent molecules.


Proavis

From pro- (“prior”) + Latin avis (“bird”)

(paleontology) Any of various hypothetical extinct species or taxons that were coined in the early 20th century in an attempt to support and explain the hypothetical evolutionary steps and anatomical adaptations leading from non-avian theropod dinosaurs to birds.


spool-and-line

spool-and-line technique/tracking/method

spool-and-line device

(zoology) An unfurling spool of string, attached to an animal to visualize its movements.


photostage

(botany) A period of growth primarily driven by light.


polyHb

en-noun

polyHb (countable and uncountable, plural polyHbs)

(biochemistry) Abbreviation of polymerized hemoglobin


suoid

(taxonomy) A member of the clade Suoidea


suoid

en-adjective

suoid (comparative more suoid, superlative most suoid)

more suoid (comparative)
most suoid (superlative)

(taxonomy) Of or relating to the clade Suoidea


arminoid

(taxonomy) A member of the superfamily Arminoidea.


arminoid

(taxonomy) Of or relating to the superfamily Arminoidea.


doryctine

(taxonomy) A wasp in the subfamily Doryctinae.


doryctine

(taxonomy) Of or relating to the subfamily Doryctinae.


dryolestidan

(taxonomy) A mammal in the extinct order Dryolestida.


dryolestidan

(taxonomy) Of or relating to the order Dryolestida.


tergocentral

Tergocentral setae of IV (= 3rd apparent segment) less than 6 in number…

1967, J. Linsley Gressitt, editor, Entomology of Antarctica (Antarctic research series: Biological and life sciences), illustrated edition, volume 10, American Geophysical Union, page 164:

The chaetotaxy of the abdominal tergocentral setae does not include the postspiracular setae, except for tergite II where postspiracular setae, if present, can not be distinguished from the remaining setae.

2013 May 10, Michel P. Valim, Ricardo L. Palma, “Three new species of the genus Philopteroides Mey, 2004 (Phthiraptera, Ischnocera, Philopteridae) from New Zealand”, in ZooKeys, number 297, page 73:

The tergocentral and postspiracular setae may be indistinguishable in species that have complete setal rows across the abdominal segments (e.g. Philopterus spp.; Figs 34–35), but are clearly identifiable in species with fewer setae (Fig. 37).

2018 4, Gustafsson, D.R., DiBlasi, E., Olsson, U., Najer, T., Sychra, O., Bush, S.E., “Checklist and key to the lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera) of Sweden”, in Entomologisk Tidskrift, volume 139, number 4, page 219:

(entomology) Of setae: located centrally on the dorsal side of an insect's body segment.


tickover

en-noun

tickover (usually uncountable, plural tickovers)

(biochemistry) The minimal turn-over rate of a chemical without additional stimulation.


microcarpous

en-adj

microcarpous (comparative more microcarpous, superlative most microcarpous)

more microcarpous (comparative)
most microcarpous (superlative)


myrmecophobic

a myrmecophobic plant


henodontid

(paleontology) Any of the family †Henodontidae of extinct placodonts.


petalonamid

Adapted borrowing from taxonomic name †Petalonamae + -id

(paleontology) Any of the extinct phylum †Petalonamae of motionless archaic animals that resemble leaves.


frondomorph

Adapted borrowing from taxonomic name †Frondomorpha.

(paleontology) Any of the extinct phylum †Frondomorpha (syn. †Petalonamae) of motionless archaic animals that resemble leaves.


-zoite

(cytology) Forms names of infectious spores and their lifestages


betulase

From Latin betula (“birch tree”) + -ase.

(biochemistry) An enzyme that hydrolyzes the glucoside of methyl salicylate.


potamoid

(zoology) Any member of the Potamoidea superfamily of crabs.


carpomania

(botany) The excessive production of fruit by a plant.


pneumatosaccus

(zoology) The subumbrellar surface of siphonophorous pneumatophores.


megalopterous

megalopterous (comparative more megalopterous, superlative most megalopterous)

more megalopterous (comparative)
most megalopterous (superlative)

/ˌmɛɡəˈlɒptərəs/

From Ancient Greek μέγας (mégas, “large”) + Ancient Greek πτερόν (pterón, “wing”) + -ous

Most of his later papers were on the megalopterous division of the Neuroptera (= Planipennia, Banibur),in which he described many new forms.

1895, The Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine, Second Series–Volume VI. (Vol. XXXI), page 221:

The paper is divided into two scctions, the first dealing with the records of the species of Megaloptera and Neuroptera found thus far in Minnesota, and the second with observations on the bionomics of the megalopterous Corydalus cornutus (Linne), Chauliodes rastricornis Rambur, C. pectinicornis (Linne) and Neohermes sp.

1952 March, Sophy I. Parfin, “The Megaloptera and Neuroptera of Minnesota”, in The American Midland Naturalist, volume 47, number 2, page 421:

(entomology) Relating to or characteristic of the order Megaloptera, which comprises insects with large wings and aquatic larvae.


B virus

Named after young physician Dr. William Bartlet Brebner, whose death from the virus following a macaque bite in 1932 led to the discovery of the virus.

(virology) A virus of the genus Simplexvirus that infects macaques and can very rarely cause zoonotic infection in humans that is highly fatal if untreated.


aphototropism

(biology) The property of not being phototropic.


facial disc

(ornithology) A concave collection of feathers on the face of some birds, notably owls, surrounding the eyes.


short QT syndrome

(medicine, cardiology, genetics) A very rare genetic disease of the electrical system of the heart, and is associated with an increased risk of abnormal heart rhythms and sudden cardiac death.


biblidine

(entomology) Any butterfly of the subfamily Biblidinae


trapezitine

Borrowed from translingual Trapezitinae. By surface analysis, translingual Trapezites + -ine. Further from Ancient Greek τρᾰπεζῑ́της (trăpezī́tēs, “banker”), τρᾰ́πεζᾰ (trắpeză, “table”), from Proto-Indo-European *tr̥-ped-ih₂- (“tripodal”), comprised of *tri- (“tri-, three”) and *pṓds (“foot”), themselves from *tréyes (“three”) and *ped- (“to walk, to step”).

der

(entomology, taxonomy) Any skipper butterfly of the subfamily Trapezitinae.


trapezitine

en-adj

trapezitine (comparative more trapezitine, superlative most trapezitine)

more trapezitine (comparative)
most trapezitine (superlative)

(entomology, taxonomy) Relating to, characteristic of, or belonging to the subfamily Trapezitinae.


transposon tagging

(biochemistry, genetics) A process where transposon are amplified inside a biological cell by a tagging technique.


ebeneous

ebeneous (comparative more ebeneous, superlative most ebeneous)

more ebeneous (comparative)
most ebeneous (superlative)

(botany) Resembling or characteristic of ebony.


encuirassed

(zoology, archaic) Synonym of cuirassed.


blattodean

At the Las Cruces Biological Station near the Panamanian border, I found nymphs of the giant blattodean Megaloblatta blaberoides, which, until recently was considered to be the largest member of this group of insects in the world (a larger species was found in SE Asia a few years ago.)

2012 September 30, Piotr Naskrecki, “Celebrate blattodeans”, in The Smaller Majority:

The lacinula, a subapical lobelet on the lacinia, is present in almost all studied blattodeans but its potential homology to the dentisetae of Palaeoptera or the lamellae of apterygotes cannot be addressed at the moment.

2016 December 2, Benjamin Wipfler, Kevin Weissing, Klaus Klass, Tom Weihmann, “The cephalic morphology of the American cockroach Periplaneta americana (Blattodea)”, in Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny:

I hate to admit, but my issue with uploading photos of blattodeans is mainly due to difficulties in identifying some of the species I photographed.

2017 November 9, Gil Wizen, “A Moment of Creativity: Reconsidering blattodeans”, in Gil Wizen: Entomologist and Photographer:

(entomology) Any insect in the order Blattodea, which includes the cockroaches and, in more recent taxonomy, termites.


hibbertia

From genus name, translingual Hibbertia; named in honour of plant collector and amateur botanist George Hibbert.

From November to February, the usually sombre olive green bush is a palette of pink heath, cream and mauve melaleuca, gold hibbertias, snug on the ground, pale blue iris, the swashbuckling scarlet and orange blandfordia lily, and Hewardia tasmanica, the mountain purple iris.

1973, Patsy Adam Smith, The Barcoo Salute, Adelaide: Rigby, page 29:

(botany) Any of the typically yellow-flowered shrubs in the genus Hibbertia, family Dilleniaceae.


animal trypanosomiasis

(zoology) A disease of non-human vertebrates, caused by trypanosomes of several species in the genus Trypanosoma.


yellow star

(botany) Any plant of the genus Hypoxis in the family Hypoxidaceae.


balsameaceous

(botany) Of or relating to the tropical tree family Balsameaceae.


NOVA + 1: Acronym of neuro-oncological ventral antigen 1.

acronym of

(genetics) An RNA-binding gene responsible for the development of the language center, and found to be expressed in various cancers.


FOX

forkhead box protein
forkhead box protein#English

(genetics, biochemistry) Acronym of forkhead box protein.


bdellid

(zoology) A snout mite of the family Bdellidae.


plain-winged

(lepidopterology, ornithology) Of or relating to several species of birds and moths.


implacentate

(zoology) Not placentate; lacking a placenta.


solitarize

en-verb

solitarize (third-person singular simple present solitarizes, present participle solitarizing, simple past and past participle solitarized)

solitarizes (present singular third-person)
solitarizing (participle present)
solitarized (participle past)
solitarized (past)

(biology) To transform into a solitarious nymph.


palisade tissue

en-noun

palisade tissue (plural palisade tissues)

(botany) A layer of closely packed, cylindrical cells located beneath the upper epidermis of a leaf, and primarily responsible for photosynthesis.


green gland

(biology, zoology) One of a pair of excretory organs, found in some crustaceans, particularly decapods like crayfish, that function similarly to a kidney.


amphigastrium

/ˌæmfɪˈɡæstrɪəm/

From New Latin amphi- (“near”) + gastr- (“belly; ventral”) + -ium. Attested from the 19th century.

CHILOSCYPHUS. — Plant ; portion of the stem, with involucral leaves, perianth, and calyptra ; […] portion of the stem, with a leaf and an amphigastrium

1871, William S. Sullivant, “Explanation of the plates”, in The musci and hepaticae of the United States east of the Mississippi River, Genera of Hepaticae, page 120:

Stems more or less regularly pinnate, more rarely dichotomously branched. Leaves incubous, conduplicate, the hinder lobe smallest—saccate, galeate, cucullate or flattish. Amphigastria mostly present, rarely wanting.

1876, David Moore, “Report on Irish Hepaticæ”, in Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, Section II. Jungermanniaceæ, page 607:

Key to the South African species of Lejeunea.
[…]
d. Base of the amphigastrium with rounded appendages below the insertion, the sinus of which thus is more than semicircular. L. isomorpha.

1953, Sigfrid Arnell, “Hepaticae collected in South Africa 1951”, in Botaniska Notiser, page 271:

(botany) A small scale-like leaf on the underside of stems of certain liverworts.


umbelloid

en-adj

umbelloid (comparative more umbelloid, superlative most umbelloid)

more umbelloid (comparative)
most umbelloid (superlative)


scabridous

scabridous (comparative more scabridous, superlative most scabridous)

more scabridous (comparative)
most scabridous (superlative)


goniocystangium

(lichenology) An organ in certain lichens that produces goniocysts.


crystallostratum

(lichenology) A continuous layer of oxalate crystals embedded in the thallus, associated with the family Porinaceae.


-steric

From Ancient Greek στερεός (stereós, “solid, three-dimensional”) + -ic. The principal derivations are allosteric and orthosteric.

der

(biochemistry) Forms terms relating to binding behaviors towards enzymes and receptors. See Allostery.


carbon literacy

(ecology) The knowledge and understanding of emissions of carbon dioxide associated with daily activities and the motivation to reduce them.


carbon-nitrogen cycle

(biology, ecology) A biogeochemical cycle that describes the movement of carbon and nitrogen through Earth's systems.


palisade parenchyma

en-noun

palisade parenchyma (countable and uncountable, plural palisade parenchymas or palisade parenchymata)

palisade parenchymas (plural)
palisade parenchymata (plural)

(botany) A layer of plant tissue located just beneath the upper epidermis of a leaf.


tracer element

(biochemistry) A radioactive isotope of a normal element used to trace the path of a substance or process in a system.


endotunica

(lichenology) The internal functional layer of a bitunicate ascus.


ectotunica

(lichenology) The external functional layer of a bitunicate ascus.


tail club

(zoology) A bony mass at the end of the tail of some dinosaurs and of some mammals, most notably the ankylosaurids and the glyptodonts, as well as meiolaniid turtles.


nematogone

From nemat- + -o- + Ancient Greek γονή (gonḗ, “offspring; seed”).

af

I have not found any trace of germination in the filaments, but there can be no doubt that the terminal rounded cell can function as a nematogone, and probably the basal cell also, to judge by what happens in the European species B, capillare p. where the form and develop¬ ment of the brutfMen are, in the main, very similar.

1935, Penfold A R, Journal and Proceedings Of The Royal Society Of New South Wales Vol-lxviii, page 98 of Part I. GENERAL:

(bryology) A thin-walled reproductive cell found in the gemmae of certain mosses.


nemoricole

From Latin nemor-, nemus (“grove”) + -i- + -cole.


oreal

Equatorial Andean butterfly faunas are both absolutely and relatively impoverished in comparison to both temperate oreal (high-mountain) faunas and adjacent lowland ones. Why should this be so?

1994, Arthur M Shapiro, Why are there so few butterflies in the high Andes?, volume 31, page 1:

Another group with a high incidence of wing reduction in the female sex is that of the oreal species, i.e. species that inhabit high mountains above the tree line.

1991, British Museum (Natural History), Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology, volume 60 No 2, page 254:

(dated, rare, ecology) Inhabiting high mountains.


atratous

(rare, botany) Blackened or turning black.


snipt

en-adj

snipt (comparative more snipt, superlative most snipt)

more snipt (comparative)
most snipt (superlative)

The leaves be somewhat round, hairie, and a little snipt or jagged about the edges, otherwise not much unlike the leaves of great Chickweede.

1586, Henry Lyte, Rembert Dodoens, A new herball, or, Historie of plants : wherein is contained the whole discourse and perfect description of all sorts of herbes and plants […] , Ninian Newton, page 100:

The bristles on the fruit-stalks are laid close as in the latter, but the segments of the leaves are very much snipt at the edges.

1801, William Withering, A systematic arrangement of British plants, volume 3, T. Cadell, page 477:


bluemouth

(zoology) Used in the names of various fishes having blue coloration around the mouth.


acaulosia

(botany) The property of being acaulescent.


phoeniceous

phoeniceous (comparative more phoeniceous, superlative most phoeniceous)

more phoeniceous (comparative)
most phoeniceous (superlative)
pheniceous (alternative)


inundatal

(botany) Growing in places liable to be flooded in wet weather, but dry in summer.


intervenium

(botany) A portion of parenchyma between the veins of a leaf.


geotortism

(botany) Torsion caused by the influence of gravitation.


exutive

(botany) Of a seed: lacking the usual integument.


erianthous

erianthous (comparative more erianthous, superlative most erianthous)

more erianthous (comparative)
most erianthous (superlative)


double-bearing

(botany) Producing a crop twice in the same season.


digitaliform

digitaliform (comparative more digitaliform, superlative most digitaliform)

more digitaliform (comparative)
most digitaliform (superlative)


diaecious

The tree is diaecious, and those who would have fruit must be careful to get both staminate and pistillate trees.

1895, The Minnesota Horticulturist: Annual report, page 179:


didynamy

(botany) The property of being didynamous.


dermacalyptrogen

(botany, obsolete, rare) A common histogen that produces root cap and root epidermis in phanerogams.


homodeletion

en-noun

homodeletion (countable and uncountable, plural homodeletions)

The study identified a homodeletion in the CDKN2A gene, which is associated with an increased risk of certain cancers.

Define homodeletion as an operation of deleting a run of the same nucleotide and homoinsertion as an operation of inserting a run of the same nucleotide.

2004 August 6, Neil C. Jones, Pavel A. Pevzner, An Introduction to Bioinformatics Algorithms, MIT Press, page 220:

While homodeletion of CYB5D2 can be detected in both the TCGA (8/1093=0.7%) and Metabric (4/2051=0.2%) datasets, the frequency is low; nonetheless, in both cohorts homodeletion in TP53 was not detected.

2019 April 29, Ojo, Diane, Rodriguez, David, Wei, Fengxiang, Bane, Anita, Tang, Damu1, “Downregulation of CYB5D2 is associated with breast cancer progression.”, in Scientific Reports, volume 9, number 1, page 10:

These tumors often harbor homodeletion of Hippo core suppressors.

2025 Feb, Poma, Anello Marcello, Bruno, Rossella, Petrini, Iacopo, Di Stefano, Iosè, Celi, Alessandra, Sbrana, Andrea, Cappelli, Sabrina, Chella, Antonio, Melfi, Franca, Lucchi, Marco, Alì, Greta, “Prognostic Stratification of Epithelioid Pleural Mesothelioma Based on the Hippo-TEADs Network.”, in Cancers, volume 17, number 3, page 469:

(genetics) A type of chromosomal deletion where both copies (alleles) of a particular DNA sequence are lost from an individual's genome.


cytaster

(botany) A series of achromatic rays from each pole of the nucleus into the cytoplasm in karyokinesis.


culmicolous

(botany) Growing on the culm or stalk of grasses.


chrysotannin

(botany, obsolete) Any of a group of plant pigments whose oxidation produces the brown tints in autumn foliage.


biscoctiform

en-adj

biscoctiform (comparative more biscoctiform, superlative most biscoctiform)

more biscoctiform (comparative)
most biscoctiform (superlative)

(biology) Shaped like a biscuit: typically oblong, and slightly constricted in the middle.


hypertrichy

af

hyper- + Ancient Greek θρίξ (thríx, “hair”) + -y

The idiosoma of all ticks carries a number of sensory and glandular structures. The pattern of these structures can be helpful in identification of larvae, but hypertrichy (the presence of "excessive" numbers of setae arranged in random patterns) usually makes those characters unworkable in the postlarval instars.

2005, Biology of disease vectors, Burlington, MA : Elsevier, page 47:

All brown lemur populations demonstrate sexual dichromatism and sex-specific patterns in facial hypertrichy (ear tufting, ruffs, and collars), although sex differences in pelage are less marked in E. f. fulvus (Tattersall, 1982; Shedd and Macedonia, 1991; Mittermeier et al., 1994).

2006, Lemurs : ecology and adaptation, New York, NY : Springer, page 194:

(zoology) The presence of an unusually large number of setae compared to other animals in the same natural group.


scabridulous

en-adj

scabridulous (comparative more scabridulous, superlative most scabridulous)

more scabridulous (comparative)
most scabridulous (superlative)

Indeed, in several instances I was forced to conclude that Riggins had based her determination of Sporobolus clandestinus solely on this scabridulous texture; and conflicting judgments among the experts tended to involve just those scabridulous lemmas without hairs.

2010, Phytoneuron, Fort Worth, TX : Guy L. Nesom, page 3:

(botany) Synonym of scaberulous (“slightly rough”)


ulodendroid

ulodendroid (comparative more ulodendroid, superlative most ulodendroid)

more ulodendroid (comparative)
most ulodendroid (superlative)

(botany) Like the former fossil genus Ulodendron; applied to branches of Lepidodendron and Sigillaria that bear two opposite rows of large cup-shaped scars.


angulinerved

(botany) Having the veins forming an angle with the midrib, as in most dicotyledons.


derivative hybrid

en-noun

derivative hybrid (plural derivative hybrids)

(biology) An organism resulting from the union of a hybrid with one of its parent forms or another hybrid.


alkachlorophyll

(botany, obsolete) A presumed constituent of chlorophyll, produced by the action of an alkali.


amylocellulose

(botany, obsolete) A supposed constituent of starch granules.


anisogynous

(botany) Having fewer carpels than sepals.


axiferous

(botany) Bearing an axis, but without leaves or other appendages.


nyctanthy

(botany) The condition of being nyctanthous.


octofarious

(archaic, botany) In eight ranks or rows.


sepiaceous

en-adj

sepiaceous (comparative more sepiaceous, superlative most sepiaceous)

more sepiaceous (comparative)
most sepiaceous (superlative)


spectrophore

(historical, botany) An instrument for determining the action of the different rays of light in the elimination of oxygen by plants.


uviform

uviform (comparative more uviform, superlative most uviform)

more uviform (comparative)
most uviform (superlative)


verspecies

(taxonomy, obsolete) A true species, neither subspecies nor superspecies.


verrucarioid

verrucarioid (comparative more verrucarioid, superlative most verrucarioid)

more verrucarioid (comparative)
most verrucarioid (superlative)

(botany) Resembling the genus Verrucaria, as to the verrucae or apothecia.


vegetable vitellin

(biochemistry, obsolete) A reserve protein found as crystals in potato tubers.


zythozymase

(biochemistry) An enzyme in yeast, also found in certain fungi.


antichemism

(biology, obsolete) The protoplasm-producing energy, regarded as an antagonizing chemical force; the energy displayed by the elaboration of living from non-living matter.


balanophorin

(biochemistry) A waxy substance found in the stems of certain species of Langsdorffia in the family Balanophoraceae.


blastomania

(botany) The production of an abnormally large number of leaf shoots.


platyphyllous

platyphyllous (comparative more platyphyllous, superlative most platyphyllous)

more platyphyllous (comparative)
most platyphyllous (superlative)


pleioxeny

(botany) The situation where a parasite can invade several species of host plants.


pliciform

pliciform (comparative more pliciform, superlative most pliciform)

more pliciform (comparative)
most pliciform (superlative)


acrogamous

(botany) Producing the egg apparatus at the summit of the embryo sac, as in most angiosperms.


actinenchyma

(botany) Cellular tissue formed in a star-shaped manner, as seen in a cross-section of Juncus.


jordanon

New Latin, from Alexis Jordan †1897 French biologist + -on, on analogy with taxon.

A compound species of 4 closely related jordanons adapted for but not entirely confined to life in subalpine bogs. One jordanon is endemic in Australia, one endemic in New Zealand, and the other two occur in both countries.

1951, Hatch, Edwin D, The New Zealand Forms of Thelymitra J. R. and G. Forster and AppendicesPart I, page 390:

Pterostylis trullifolia Hook, f., FI. Nov . Zel., 1, 1853, 249. A compound species of 3 closely related jordanons. The original description gives no indication as to which of the forms was the specific type. The species in one form or another has been recorded from the Districts 2, 3, 4, 5, 7 and 10. Much field work is yet needed to ascertain which jordanon occurs in which area.

1948, Hatch, Edwin D, The New Zealand Forms of Pterostylis R. Br., page 244:

(ecology, dated) Synonym of microspecies


pinninerved

(botany) Pinnately veined, with the veins running parallel towards the margin.


Knight-Darwin law

(biology) The observation that no organism fertilizes itself for an eternity of generations.


karyoid

(biology) Any of the minute spherical bodies attached to the chlorophyll plate of Conjugatae and desmids.


psammolittoral

By surface analysis, psammo- (“sand”) + littoral.

surf

Laboratory experiments have attempted to determine the effects of certain environmental variables on the position of some psammolittoral marine species within their sediments (e.g. Pollock 1975b), but further investigations, using a wider range of environmental variables on a range of species, are necessary before any generalizations can be made.

1994, Kinchin, Ian M, The biology of tardigrades, page 97:

Neel investigated the psammolittoral biota, both plant and animal, in the beaches and shoals of Douglas Lake, Michigan, and reported the occurrence of more than 240 species of organisms distributed taxonomically[.]

1923, Welch,paul.s., Limnology, page 324:

A new species of Halichoanolaimus was encountered during ecological investigations of the psammolittoral fauna of the Raritan estuary.

1966, Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington, The Helmithological Society of Washington, page 23:

The areas of lakes involved in zonation include the littoral zone (the region in which there is light penetration to the bottom) and the psammolittoral zone (the region along the edge of the water).

1958, Benton, Allen H, Principles of field biology & ecology, page 143:


lacinule

(botany) The incurved point of the petal in many Umbelliferae.


lance-ovate

(botany) Between lanceolate and ovate in form.


lasiocarpous

en-adj

lasiocarpous (comparative more lasiocarpous, superlative most lasiocarpous)

more lasiocarpous (comparative)
most lasiocarpous (superlative)


lilacinous

lilacinous (comparative more lilacinous, superlative most lilacinous)

more lilacinous (comparative)
most lilacinous (superlative)


lilaceous

lilaceous (comparative more lilaceous, superlative most lilaceous)

more lilaceous (comparative)
most lilaceous (superlative)


maculiform

maculiform (comparative more maculiform, superlative most maculiform)

more maculiform (comparative)
most maculiform (superlative)


Malpighian cell

en-noun

Malpighian cell (plural Malpighian cells)

(botany) Any of the cells making up the outer layer of the seed in Malpighiaceae, with a "luminous line" composed of lignin.


meandriform

en-adj

meandriform (comparative more meandriform, superlative most meandriform)

more meandriform (comparative)
most meandriform (superlative)

(botany) Having a winding or meandering form.


vicinin

Lathyrus sativus
Lathyrus sativus#Translingual

(biochemistry) An organic compound from Lathyrus sativus.


adenopetaly

(botany) The transformation of nectaries into petals or similar structures.


adynamandry

(botany) The quality of being self-sterile.


alternipinnate

(botany) Alternately pinnate; having the leaflets of a pinnate leaf not exactly opposite each other.


ambiparous

(botany) Producing two kinds, as when a bud contains both flowers and leaves, as in the horse chestnut.


phanerogamy

(botany) The condition of being a phanerogam.


progemmation

(botany) The situation where stylospores are given off from basidia, new terminal cells being developed from older or basal cells.


moneroid

moneroid (comparative more moneroid, superlative most moneroid)

more moneroid (comparative)
most moneroid (superlative)


parachromatin

(biochemistry) Synonym of linin (“material that connects the chromatin granules”).


rhizocorm

(botany) A fleshy rhizome, like those of Iris or Acorus.


pollinide

(botany, obsolete) A single antheridial corpuscle.


connate-perfoliate

(botany) United at the base in pairs around the supporting axis.


coniocyst

(botany) A closed sporangium resembling a tubercule, containing a mass of spores.


conjoint bundle

en-noun

conjoint bundle (plural conjoint bundles)

(botany) A vascular bundle that is composed of wood and bast elements.


conferted

en-adj

conferted (comparative more conferted, superlative most conferted)

more conferted (comparative)
most conferted (superlative)


cytoplastin

(botany, obsolete) A protein that apparently forms the bulk of the cytoplasm.


baculiferous

baculiferous (comparative more baculiferous, superlative most baculiferous)

more baculiferous (comparative)
most baculiferous (superlative)


barymorphosis

(botany) The changes produced in an organism by gravity.


xenocarpy

(botany) The production of fruit as the result of xenogamy.


xerotropism

(botany) The tendency of plants or parts of plants to alter their position to protect themselves from desiccation.


asclepiadeous

asclepiadeous (comparative more asclepiadeous, superlative most asclepiadeous)

more asclepiadeous (comparative)
most asclepiadeous (superlative)

(botany) Resembling the genus Asclepias.


berry-cone

(botany) A cone whose scales have become fleshy and fused together, as in Juniperus.


bynin

(biochemistry, obsolete) A protein that replaces hordein when barley is malted.


interlobule

(botany) A small plane process of a subulate or triangular form, between the lobule and the stem in certain Hepaticae.


liberoligneous

(botany) Composed of bast and wood elements, like a conjoint bundle.


septuplinerved

a septuplinerved leaf


serrate-ciliate

(botany) Toothed, with a marginal series of hairs.


sexfarious

(archaic, botany) Presenting six rows, extending longitudinally round an axis.


sling-fruit

(botany) Any fruit that projects its seeds to a distance by means of contractile tissue.


spinuliferous

spinuliferous (comparative more spinuliferous, superlative most spinuliferous)

more spinuliferous (comparative)
most spinuliferous (superlative)


spodochrous

spodochrous (comparative more spodochrous, superlative most spodochrous)

more spodochrous (comparative)
most spodochrous (superlative)


sternotribal

(botany) Of a flower: having the anthers arranged so as to dust their pollen on the underpart of the thorax of insects that visit it.


ternate-pinnate

(botany) Having the secondary petioles proceeding in threes from the summit of the main petiole.


penniveined

penniveined (comparative more penniveined, superlative most penniveined)

more penniveined (comparative)
most penniveined (superlative)


perianthomania

(botany) The abnormal multiplication of perianth segments.


scroll-gall

(botany) A leaf malformation caused by insects, making the leaf curl up on the side attacked.


seedage

(botany) The condition of being reproduced by seed.


prothalliform

prothalliform (comparative more prothalliform, superlative most prothalliform)

more prothalliform (comparative)
most prothalliform (superlative)


pruniform

pruniform (comparative more pruniform, superlative most pruniform)

more pruniform (comparative)
most pruniform (superlative)


cylindrenchyma

(botany) Tissue made up of cylindrical cells.


dichotypy

(botany) The occurrence of two different forms of the same organ on the same stock.


dixeny

(biology) The situation where an autoecious parasite may infest two species, but does not need a change of host to ensure its development.


diversiflorous

(botany) Bearing more than one kind of flower.


laterifolious

(botany) Growing on the side of a leaf at the base.


lecotropal

lecotropal (comparative more lecotropal, superlative most lecotropal)

more lecotropal (comparative)
most lecotropal (superlative)


mediocortex

(botany) The central layer or layers of bark.


allassotonic

(biology) Of or relating to movements of mature organs caused by augmentation of turgor with diminution of volume.


amylohydrolysis

(biochemistry) The transformation of starch by hydrolysis.


annuliform

annuliform (comparative more annuliform, superlative most annuliform)

more annuliform (comparative)
most annuliform (superlative)


cyperographer

(botany) One who writes about the Cyperaceae family of sedges.


myurous

myurous (comparative more myurous, superlative most myurous)

more myurous (comparative)
most myurous (superlative)

(biology) Resembling the tail of a mouse.


nervulose

nervulose (comparative more nervulose, superlative most nervulose)

more nervulose (comparative)
most nervulose (superlative)


nudicaulous

(botany) Having a naked stem; not leafy.


sathrophilous

(mycology) Growing on decaying organic matter.


andropetalous

(botany) Having double flowers produced by the conversion of stamens into petals.


angustiseptal

angustiseptal (comparative more angustiseptal, superlative most angustiseptal)

more angustiseptal (comparative)
most angustiseptal (superlative)

(botany) Having a narrow-partitioned fruit.


antholysis

(botany) The retrograde metamorphosis of a flower.


apogeny

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-apogeny.wav

(botany) Inability to reproduce sexually as a result of destruction of the male and female organs.


superagrarian

(botany) Of or relating to the region of vegetation above the limits of cultivation.


taxiform

(botany) Arranged distichously like the leaves of the yew.


microphylline

(biology) Composed of small leaflets or scales.


recaulescence

(botany) The adnation of leaves on their stalks to the stem.


recaulescent

recaulescent (comparative more recaulescent, superlative most recaulescent)

more recaulescent (comparative)
most recaulescent (superlative)

(botany) Exhibiting or relating to recaulescence.


rubicolous

(botany) Attached to brambles, possibly as a parasite.


trihilate

(botany) Having three apertures, like some grains of pollen.


triquinate

(botany) Divided into three, then into five.


triseptate

(botany) Having three septa or partitions.


trixeny

(biology) The situation where an autoecious parasite may infest three species, but does not need a change of host to ensure its development.


unisorous

(botany) Having or relating to a single sorus.


valvaceous

valvaceous (comparative more valvaceous, superlative most valvaceous)

more valvaceous (comparative)
most valvaceous (superlative)


anthozymase

(biochemistry, obsolete) A supposed enzyme found in the petals of flowers.


scapoid

scapoid (comparative more scapoid, superlative most scapoid)

more scapoid (comparative)
most scapoid (superlative)


spathate

From spathe + -ate (adjective-forming suffix).


leptocentric

(botany) Of a vascular bundle: having the leptome in the middle, with the hadrome round it.


inotagma

en-noun

inotagma (countable and uncountable, plural inotagmata)

(biology) The hypothetical contractile elements of protoplasm.


fluorescigenic

en-adj

fluorescigenic (comparative more fluorescigenic, superlative most fluorescigenic)

more fluorescigenic (comparative)
most fluorescigenic (superlative)


dolichostylous

dolichostylous (comparative more dolichostylous, superlative most dolichostylous)

more dolichostylous (comparative)
most dolichostylous (superlative)


cultiform

(botany) A cultivated form of a species or variety.


cycadofilicinean

(botany) Of or relating to the Cycadofilicineae.


cladomania

(botany) The production of an abnormally large number of branches.


chimonophilous

chimonophilous (comparative more chimonophilous, superlative most chimonophilous)

more chimonophilous (comparative)
most chimonophilous (superlative)

(botany) Having the chief development taking place during the winter.


monodynamous

(botany) Haing one stamen much longer than the others.


spirolobous

(botany) Having the cotyledons spirally rolled up.


sparsiflorous

sparsiflorous (comparative more sparsiflorous, superlative most sparsiflorous)

more sparsiflorous (comparative)
most sparsiflorous (superlative)

(botany) Having sparse or scattered flowers.


rhizophyllous

(botany) Having roots that proceed from the leaves.


rhizautoicous

(botany) Of a moss: having the male inflorescence on a short branch, cohering to the female by a rhizoid.


retort cell

(botany) Any of the special enlarged cuticular cells with an apex more or less recurved, in Sphagnum.


rapaceous

rapaceous (comparative more rapaceous, superlative most rapaceous)

more rapaceous (comparative)
most rapaceous (superlative)


ramiferous

ramiferous (comparative more ramiferous, superlative most ramiferous)

more ramiferous (comparative)
most ramiferous (superlative)


prozymogen

(biochemistry) A material formed of the chromatin of the nucleus which is extruded into the cytoplasm, there becoming zymogen.


plane of insertion

en-noun

plane of insertion (plural planes of insertion)

(botany) A plane that passes through the point of insertion of a lateral organ and coincides with the main axis and that of the organ.


aligular

(botany) Turned away from the ligule and stem; applied to a leaf-face in Selaginella.


allantodioid

en-adj

allantodioid (comparative more allantodioid, superlative most allantodioid)

more allantodioid (comparative)
most allantodioid (superlative)

(botany) Resembling the former fern genus Allantodia.


asplenoid

asplenoid (comparative more asplenoid, superlative most asplenoid)

more asplenoid (comparative)
most asplenoid (superlative)

(botany) Resembling the fern genus Asplenium.


blepharoplastoid

(biology) In nuclear division, either of two bodies appearing between the two- and four-celled stage at each pole of the two spindles, disappearing into the cytoplasm before the rise of the blepharoplasts themselves.


tonotaxis

(biology) Sensitivity to osmotic variation.


cold light

en-noun

cold light (countable and uncountable, plural cold lights)

The centuries-old mystery of the cold light produced by the Firefly and the Glow-Worm is still partially a riddle.

1961, Jean-Henri Fabre, Edwin Way Teale (contributor), The Insect World of J. Henri Fabre in the Translation of Alexander Teixeira de Mattos, page 313:

(biology, physics) A light emitted from a source that does not produce significant heat.


water tube

(biology, zoology) A tubelike structure found in certain invertebrates that functions similarly to a kidney in a vertebrate.


stigmatiform

en-adj

stigmatiform (comparative more stigmatiform, superlative most stigmatiform)

more stigmatiform (comparative)
most stigmatiform (superlative)


stigmatoid

stigmatoid (comparative more stigmatoid, superlative most stigmatoid)

more stigmatoid (comparative)
most stigmatoid (superlative)


stipuliform

stipuliform (comparative more stipuliform, superlative most stipuliform)

more stipuliform (comparative)
most stipuliform (superlative)


stromatoid

stromatoid (comparative more stromatoid, superlative most stromatoid)

more stromatoid (comparative)
most stromatoid (superlative)


homoecious

From Ancient Greek ὅμοιος- (hómoios-, “of like kind, similar”) + οἰκία (oikía, “house, family, tribe”),
equivalent to homoe- + -oecious.

der

(biology) Having the same host during the entire life cycle.

Further, we use homoecious to describe angiosperms with only bisexual flowers. This is an alternative state to heteroecious and complements monoecious and dioecious.

1995, R. W. Cruden, R. M. Lloyd, “Embriophytes have equivalent sexual phenotypes and breeding systems: why not a common terminology to describe them?”, in American Journal of Botany, volume 82, number 6, page 816:

Cryptanthus has been divided into two subgenera: (1) Cryptanthus, comprising andromonoecious plants, i.e. plants which harbour both hermaphroditic and male flowers on the same plant, and (2) Hoplocryptanthus Mez with homoecious plants (i.e. with hermaphroditic flowers only)

2017, G. A. S. Cruz et al, “M olecular phylogeny, character evolution and historical biogeography of Cryptanthus Otto & A. Dietr. (Bromeliaceae)”, in Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, volume 107, page 153:

(botany) A plant species having only hermaphroditic flowers (also known as bisexual or perfect flowers), that is those with both carpels (female) and stamens (male).


acrotonous

(botany) Of an orchid: having the tissue of the pollen sac prolonged to the upper end of the anther.


homoecy

From Ancient Greek ὅμοιος- (hómoios-, “of like kind, similar”) + οἰκία (oikía, “house, family, tribe”).

(botany) The condition of being homoecious, namely a plant species having only hermaphroditic flowers.


revolver flower

en-noun

revolver flower (plural revolver flowers)

(botany) A flower exhibiting within its outer portals a number of fine tubes resembling the barrels of a revolver.


segment cell

(botany) The basal portion that is successively cut off from the apical cell in growth.


zenotropism

(botany, rare) Synonym of apogeotropism.


holochlamydeous

(botany) Of an ovule: having the integument practically complete.


hydromegatherm

(botany) Any plant whose development requires a lot of heat and moisture.


microsporophore

(botany) An organ that bears microspores.


palmid

(botany) A palm, or a cycad or tree fern with a palm-like appearance.


scientific taxonomy

scientific taxonomy (countable and uncountable, plural scientific taxonomies)

Folk-taxonomies often are at variance with scientific taxonomies, even in cultures that have cultivated the scientific analysis of plants, animals, colors, and other taxonomized phenomena.

2003, Earl R. Anderson, Folk-taxonomies in Early English, page 24:

(biology, zoology, sciences) The application of systematic and standardized methods used to classify organisms.


normoproteinemia

Under clinical conditions shifts among the fraction associated with total protein values within the normal range of 6.5—7.9 per cent are most frequently encountered, that is associated with normoproteinemia (see figure 96, page 338). Hyperproteinemia associated with obvious increase of the blood proteins is relatively rarely seen in clinical medicine, while serum protein diminution or hypoproteinemia is much more frequently found.

1960, Ferdinand Wuhrmann, Charlie Wunderly, The Human Blood Proteins: Methods of Examination and Their Clinical and Practical Significance, Grune and Stratton, page 332:

One of our dogs with PHPTH [primary hyperparathyroidism] had lucent lesions in the long bones, but this is extremely uncommon. Concurrent hyperproteinemia is supportive of myeloma. Solid tumors with metastasis to bone are more likely if lytic bone lesions and normoproteinemia (especially a normal serum globulin concentration) are present. A core biopsy of a lytic lesion may be necessary to establish a definitive diagnosis of neoplasia, especially in a dog with occult neoplasia.

2004, Edward C. Feldman, Richard William Nelson, “Hypercalcemia and primary hyperparathyroidism”, in Canine and Feline Endocrinology and Reproduction, Elsevier, →ISBN, page 695:

Decreased albumin is a common form of dysproteinemia. Fundamentally, the decrease can be attributed to either albumin loss or failure of albumin synthesis. Depending on the stage of the disease, it can be associated with either slight hyperproteinemia (acute stage), normoproteinemia (progressive stage), or, in its advanced stages, hypoproteinemia. Therefore, the total serum protein is not a reliable index of albumin status and albumin must be determined.

2008, Jiro Jerry Kaneko, John W. Harvey, Michael L. Bruss, “Interpretation of serum protein profiles”, in Clinical Biochemistry of Domestic Animals, Academic Press, →ISBN, page 145:

(biology, medicine) Presence of a normal amount of protein in the blood.

(usually) Total serum protein quantity within reference range.

(uncommon) Presence of normal types and amounts of proteins in the blood, as defined by panels of various proteins all having been tested and found to be of normal bioactivity and amount.


pomatorhine

(zoology) Having the nostril covered with a scale.


biosign

(biology) Any measurable phenomenon indicating the presence of life; a biosignature or vital sign.


hirtillous

en-adj

hirtillous (comparative more hirtillous, superlative most hirtillous)

more hirtillous (comparative)
most hirtillous (superlative)


hirtose

hirtose (comparative more hirtose, superlative most hirtose)

more hirtose (comparative)
most hirtose (superlative)


holosericeous

holosericeous (comparative more holosericeous, superlative most holosericeous)

more holosericeous (comparative)
most holosericeous (superlative)

(botany) Covered with a fine and silky pubescence.


glareal

glareal (comparative more glareal, superlative most glareal)

more glareal (comparative)
most glareal (superlative)


filicinean

(botany) Relating to the Filicineae, a former taxonomic grouping including all ferns.


fruticulescent

fruticulescent (comparative more fruticulescent, superlative most fruticulescent)

more fruticulescent (comparative)
most fruticulescent (superlative)


endonucleolus

(cytology) A space inside the nucleolus.


eusporangium

(botany) A sporangium of the eusporangiate kind.


exendospermous

(botany) Of a seed: having reserve material stored in the embryo.


green-backed

(zoology) Of an animal, having a green-colored back, or having a green back as a primary feature.


biglip

(zoology) Used in the names of various organisms with large lips.


paracallus

(botany) A substance resembling the callus of sieve-tubes, but differing in reaction and chemical constitution.


parallelodromous

(botany) Having parallel veins, as in lilies.


paucijugate

(botany) Having only a few pairs of leaflets in a pinnate leaf.


pedatilobed

(botany) Palmate, with supplementary lobes at the base.


pedatinerved

(botany) Having the midrib stop short, with two strong lateral nerves proceeding from its base, giving rise to others that extend only to the apex.


Steller's sea ape

First observed by German zoologist Georg Steller on August 10, 1741.

(cryptozoology) A purported marine mammal with a dog-like head, most likely a misidentified northern fur seal.


BTMM

Bukit Timah Monkey Man
w:Bukit Timah Monkey Man

(cryptozoology, Singapore) Initialism of Bukit Timah Monkey Man.


eosinophilous

(cytology, UK) Having an affinity for dyes such as eosin.


en-noun

granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor (plural granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptors)

(biochemistry, immunology) A receptor that stimulates the production of white blood cells, mainly found in neutrophils and eosinophils.


blue list

(conservation, zoology) A list used to categorize species that are not endangered or threatened, but are still considered vulnerable due to factors like sensitivity to human activities or natural events.


biconcentric

(botany) Describing the fibrovascular bundles in Eriocauloneae: round the axial hadrome bundle is a layer of leptome, which is again enclosed by a hadrome layer.


brachypodous

en-adj

brachypodous (comparative more brachypodous, superlative most brachypodous)

more brachypodous (comparative)
most brachypodous (superlative)

(botany, zoology) Having a short foot or stalk.


brachytmema

(botany) A disc-shaped cell which by its rupture sets free a gemma in bryophytes.


caloritropic

caloritropic (comparative more caloritropic, superlative most caloritropic)

more caloritropic (comparative)
most caloritropic (superlative)


calloso-serrate

calloso-serrate (comparative more calloso-serrate, superlative most calloso-serrate)

more calloso-serrate (comparative)
most calloso-serrate (superlative)

(botany) Having serratures that are callosities.


colliculose

colliculose (comparative more colliculose, superlative most colliculose)

more colliculose (comparative)
most colliculose (superlative)

(biology) Covered with little round elevations or hillocks.


sphaerioid

(zoology) Of or relating to the clam family Sphaeriidae.


subsimple

(botany) Having few divisions, but more than one; almost simple.


subnude

(botany) Almost nude; having very little covering, such as leaves or hairs.


subuliferous

subuliferous (comparative more subuliferous, superlative most subuliferous)

more subuliferous (comparative)
most subuliferous (superlative)


hornbast

(botany) A tissue of obliterated groups of sieve tubes, especially thickened and of horny texture.


cespitulose

cespitulose (comparative more cespitulose, superlative most cespitulose)

more cespitulose (comparative)
most cespitulose (superlative)


digitinerved

(botany) Having the secondary nerves of a leaf diverge from the summit of the main petiole, straight ribbed.


mykokleptic

(botany, obsolete, rare) Applied to the hairs on the rhizome of Corallorhiza trifida, which seize the mycelium.


hypsophyllary

(botany) Relating to the hypsophyll or bract.


adelphotaxy

(biology) The mutual attraction of spores of Achyla and of Pedastreae after extrusion.


exareolate

(botany) Not spaced out or marked into small areas.


exogynous

(botany) Having the style exserted beyond the flower.


nuculanium

(botany) A drupaceous or baccate fruit containing more than one stone or seed.

(botany) A superior stony-seeded berry, such as a grape.


obsubulate

obsubulate (comparative more obsubulate, superlative most obsubulate)

more obsubulate (comparative)
most obsubulate (superlative)

(botany) Very narrow, pointed at the base and widening a little towards the apex.


vernoniaceous

vernoniaceous (comparative more vernoniaceous, superlative most vernoniaceous)

more vernoniaceous (comparative)
most vernoniaceous (superlative)

(botany, obsolete) Relating to the family Vernoniaceae, now considered a synonym of Asteraceae.


prolified

(botany, archaic) Grown out into prolification, as a tuft of leaves from a cone.


mesothecium

(botany) The intermediate layer of cells in the wall of the anther, in ripe anthers often occurring as the inner layer by disappearance of the endothecium proper.


caulode

(botany) A portion of a thallophyte that simulates a stem.


polystomous

polystomous (comparative more polystomous, superlative most polystomous)

more polystomous (comparative)
most polystomous (superlative)

(biology) Having many mouths, suckers, or haustoria.


prophylloid

prophylloid (comparative more prophylloid, superlative most prophylloid)

more prophylloid (comparative)
most prophylloid (superlative)


prosenthesis

(botany) The quantity that determines the divergence between two successive whorls in a shoot.