pharmacogenomics

In addition to the results of the cancer studies described above, studies of a large research cohort exposed to many kinds of therapies may provide early insights into pharmacogenomics — enabling the provision of the right drug at the right dose to the right patient.

2015 February 26, Francis S. Collins, Harold Varmus, “A New Initiative on Precision Medicine”, in The New England Journal of Medicine, volume 372, number 9, →DOI, page 795:

(pharmacology, genetics) The study of genes that code for enzymes that metabolize drugs, and the design of tailor-made drugs adapted to an individual's genetic make-up.


enucleate

en-verb

enucleate (third-person singular simple present enucleates, present participle enucleating, simple past and past participle enucleated)

enucleates (present singular third-person)
enucleating (participle present)
enucleated (participle past)
enucleated (past)

Borrowed from Latin ēnucleātus, from ēnucleō (“to remove the kernel from”), from ē- + nucleus (“kernel”).

(transitive, medicine) To extract (an object) intact from an enclosed space


HGH

(medicine) Initialism of human growth hormone.


statin

From the suffix -statin, from terms such as lovastatin and simvastatin.

Among the latest are reports of the ability of several leading statins to reduce deaths from common cancers and blunt the decline of memory with age.

2020 September 21, Jane E. Brody, “For Older People, Reassuring News in the Statin Debate”, in New York Times:

(pharmacology) Any of a class of drugs (chiefly lactones or pyrroles) that lower the amount of cholesterol in the blood by inhibiting an enzyme involved in its biosynthesis.

(endocrinology) An inhibiting hormone; a hormone that is involved primarily in inhibiting the release of another hormone.


pharmacogenetics

(pharmacology, genetics) The study of genetic variation that gives rise to differing responses to drugs.


gumma

Borrowed from New Latin gumma, extended in meaning from Late Latin gumma (“gum, resin”), a late form of cummis, cummi, from Ancient Greek κόμμι (kómmi), of Egyptian origin. Doublet of gum (Etymology 2).

(pathology) a soft, non-cancerous growth, a form of granuloma, resulting from the tertiary stage of syphilis.


schizotrichia

Comes from the Greek root schizo (divided or division) and trich or thrix (hair).

(medicine) Splitting of hairs at the ends; often called split ends.


schizoid

From schizo(phrenia)- + -oid, from German, from Ancient Greek σχίζω (skhízō, “to split”) and εἶδος (eîdos, “form, likeness”).

der

schizoid personality disorder
schizoid personality disorder

(psychiatry) someone with schizoid personality disorder


selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor

en-noun

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (plural selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors)

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (plural)
SSRI (abbreviation)

The literature on the dug treatment of Separation Anxiety Disorder in children and adolescents contains several controlled trials of tricyclic antidepressants, a few open trials of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, and several studies of benzodiazepines including one controlled trial. Based on the review, the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors emerge as the most promising treatment.

1999, Selby Jacobs, Traumatic Grief, Taylor & Francis (Brunner/Mazel), page 62:

2006, Campion Quinn, 100 Questions & Answers about Autism, Jones & Bartlett Publishers, page 109,
Common types of treatment for depression include the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and the tricyclic antidepressants.

2016, Medical Therapies, entry in Harold L. Miller, Jr. (editor), The SAGE Encyclopedia of Theory in Psychology, SAGE Publications, page 537,
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors exert their initial antidepressant effects by inhibiting the transport of serotonin into the presynaptic neuron and thereby increasing synaptic concentrations of serotonin.

central nervous system
central nervous system

(pharmacology) Any of a class of drugs, such as fluoxetine or sertraline, that inhibit the uptake of serotonin in the central nervous system and are often used to treat certain mental illnesses, such as depression.

szelektív szerotoninvisszavétel-gátló

any of a class of drugs that inhibit the uptake of serotonin in the central nervous system

selektívnyj ingibítor obrátnovo zaxváta serotonína

селекти́вный ингиби́тор обра́тного захва́та серотони́на

inhibidor selectivo de la recaptación de serotonina


frusemide

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) Former BAN name of the drug furosemide.


Lasix

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) A brand of the drug furosemide.


sleeping pill

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-sleeping pill.wav

You are my favorite sleeping pill
The secret bending of my waking will.
You bring me peace, you bring me rest.
Your gentle presence leaves me blest.

1979 April 28, “Mousie Mousie Wildflower”, in Gay Community News, page 22:

It was a little past ten that night when his nurse, Sylvia of the Bedpans, came tiptoeing in with sleeping pills on a little tray and told him that his friend, Detective Leary, had just been delivered to the emergency room in a meat wagon.

2012, Thomas Gifford, Kiss Me Once, →ISBN:

(pharmacology) A pill or tablet having a soporific effect.


perinormal

From peri- + normal. Sense 2: by analogy with paranormal, and apparently coined by Richard Dawkins, though he does not claim to have been its sole originator.

(medicine) Prepathological; lying between normal and pathological.


incidence

incidence (countable and uncountable, plural incidences)

From Middle French incidence, from Medieval Latin incidentia (“a falling upon”), from Latin incidens, present participle of incidere (“to fall upon”), from in (“on”) + cadere (“to fall”).

der

(epidemiology) A measure of the rate of new occurrence of a given medical condition in a population within a specified period of time.

發病率 /发病率

epidemiology: measure of the rate of new occurrence of a given medical condition


stunted

en-adj

stunted (comparative more stunted, superlative most stunted)

more stunted (comparative)
most stunted (superlative)

(medicine) Of a person: shorter than usual for one's age.


streptomycin

(pharmacology) An aminoglycoside and bactericidal antibiotic C₂₁H₃₉N₇O₁₂ that is produced by a soil actinomycete (Streptomyces griseus), is active against many bacteria, and is administered via intramuscular injection especially in the treatment of infections by gram-negative bacteria. It was the first drug to be successful against tuberculosis but is now chiefly used with other drugs because of its toxic side effects.


strep

en-noun

strep (countable and uncountable, plural streps)

Sore throat is the telltale sign. About one in 10 adults with a sore throat has strep, according to the C.D.C.

2023 April 14, Dani Blum, “Strep Is on the Rise. Here’s How to Minimize Your Risk.”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

(informal, pathology) Ellipsis of strep throat.


senna

senna (countable and uncountable, plural sennas)


paracme

From Ancient Greek παρακμή (parakmḗ), corresponding to para- + acme.

(medicine) A point after the crisis of a fever is past.


nutrigenomics

(medicine) The field of study that examines how the interaction between genetics and nutrition affects human health, specifically to devise a personalized diet to improve or maintain good health.

nutrigenomiikka

the field of study that examines how the interaction between genetics and nutrition affects human health


cortical

From Latin cortex (“bark”); Effectively cortex + -ical.

(anatomy) Pertaining to the outer layer of an internal organ or body structure, such as the kidney or the brain.

cortical

anatomy: pertaining to the outer layer of an internal organ or body structure


blastoma

blastoma (plural blastomas or blastomata)

(pathology) A tumour that is caused by malignancies in precursor cells or blasts.


pineoblastoma

pineoblastoma (plural pineoblastomas or pineoblastomata)

pineoblastomas (plural)
pineoblastomata (plural)


medulloblastoma

medulloblastoma (plural medulloblastomas or medulloblastomata)

medulloblastomas (plural)
medulloblastomata (plural)

(oncology) A malignant type of brain tumour that originates in the cerebellum


nephroblastoma

nephroblastoma (plural nephroblastomas or nephroblastomata)

nephroblastomas (plural)
nephroblastomata (plural)


pinealoma

pinealoma (plural pinealomas or pinealomata)

pinealomas (plural)
pinealomata (plural)

(pathology) A tumour of the pineal gland.


amelia

amelia (usually uncountable, plural amelias)

From a- + Ancient Greek μέλος (mélos, “limb”) + -ia.

As already mentioned, limb deficiencies – amelias and meromelias – represent an important group of limb abnormalities.

2006, Patrizia Ferretti, Andrew Copp, Cheryll Tickle, Embryos, Genes and Birth Defects, page 126:

The newborn examination confirms the diagnosis of amelia and distinguishes it from other limb deficiencies (e.g. terminal transverse defects) and sirenomelia.

2020, Birth Defects Surveillance: A Manual for Programme Managers, 2nd edition, World Health Organization, page 119:

2021, Femi Oyebode, Psychopathology of Rare and Unusual Syndromes, Royal College of Psychiatrists, Cambridge University Press, page 179,
Furthermore, the fact that people with amelia can experience phantom limbs, despite never having had any limbs, points to the existence of neural systems ready to respond to sensory inputs from limbs.

(pathology) The congenital absence of one or more limbs.


amelus

(pathology) A foetus born without limbs.


blastema

blastema (plural blastemas or blastemata)

From Ancient Greek βλάστημα (blástēma, “sprout”).

uder

(physiology) A clump of undifferentiated cells or blasts, from which an organ or body part will develop, either during the normal growth of an embryo or in the regeneration of a lost body part.

blasteema

a clump of undifferentiated cells or blasts from which an organ or body part will develop


pinealectomy

(medicine, surgery) Surgical removal of the pineal gland.


lunula

en-noun

lunula (plural lunulae or (archaic) lunulæ)

lunulae (plural)
lunulæ (archaic plural)

(anatomy) Something shaped like a crescent or half-moon; especially the pale area at the base of the fingernail.


appendicectomy

(surgery) the surgical procedure for the removal of the vermiform appendix


atherectomy

(surgery) The surgical procedure to remove plaque from an artery.


cholecystectomy

(surgery) The surgical procedure to remove the gall bladder


cholecyst

From Ancient Greek χολή (kholḗ, “gall; bile”) + κύστις (kústis, “anatomical sac”).

uder

1882, Burt G. Wilder, Simon H. Gage, Anatomical Technology as Applied to the Domestic Cat, A. S. Barnes and Company, page 287,
Press on the cholecyst, and the contained bile will be forced into the various bile ducts:

1904, Columbus Medical Journal, Volume 28, Columbus Medical Publishing Company, page 342,
Sharpe observed that when the contents of the cholecyst had ulcerated, perforated, through the abdominal wall and the gall-bladder became evacuated the patient improved […] .

2010, Hans-Christian Schneider, Juergen Wahrburg, 4: Simulation Model for the Dynamics Analysis of a Surgical Assistance Robot, Seung Hyuk Baik (editor), Robot Surgery, InTech (IntechOpen), page 15,
This experiment simulates the environment by using a liver with a cholecyst to reproduce pseudo in-vivo environment and laparoscopic cholecystectomy where the cholecyst is removed from the liver.


clitoridectomy

(surgery) The surgical procedure to remove all or part of the clitoris; female circumcision


clitorectomy

(surgery) the surgical procedure to remove all or part of the clitoris; female circumcision


colectomy

I need a partial colectomy, where part of the colon is removed.

2021, Dr Philippa Kaye, Doctors Get Cancer Too, Vie Books, page 30:

(surgery) The surgical procedure to remove all or part of the large intestine or colon.


discectomy

(surgery) The surgical procedure to remove all or part of an intervertebral disc; discotomy.


intervertebral disc

en-noun

intervertebral disc (plural intervertebral discs)

(anatomy) A disc between the vertebra in the spine.


luteal

(anatomy) Of or pertaining to the corpus luteum


corpus luteum

From Latin corpus (“body”) + lūteum (“yellow”).

The role of the corpus luteum in the oestrous cycle and in pregnancy was shown in 1929 by G. W. Corner (1889–1981) and Willard Allen (1904–93) to depend on a hormone named progestin, later called progesterol.

1997, Roy Porter, The Greatest Benefit to Mankind, Folio Society, published 2016, page 546:

(anatomy) A yellow mass of cells that forms from an ovarian follicle during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle in mammals; it secretes steroid hormones.


peduncle

From Late Latin pedunculus, from pedis, genitive of pēs (“foot”).

(anatomy) A bundle of neurons connecting different parts of the brain.

سُوَيْق

bundle of neurons connecting parts of brain

(anatomy) In arthropods, the base segments of an antenna or stalk-like structures such as the peduncles of some barnacles

(anatomy) In vertebrates, the base of any relatively massive anatomical member connected to the body by a narrower section. Cf. caudal peduncle of fishes.

varsi

anatomy, vertebrates, base of any relatively massive anatomical member

(anatomy) A stem attaching a mass of tissue (such as a polyp) to the body.


dilator

(anatomy) Any nerve or muscle that causes part of the body to dilate.

(medicine) Any drug that causes such dilation.

(medicine) An instrument used to dilate an orifice or cavity.


frenectomy

(surgery) The surgical procedure to remove a frenum or frenulum.


hemicorporectomy

(surgery) The surgical procedure which cuts through the spine and removes the lower half of the body from the waist down.


laminectomy

(surgery) The surgical procedure to remove the bony arch or lamina from one or more vertebrae.


mastoidectomy

(surgery) The surgical procedure to remove part or all of the mastoid process


gonadectomy

(surgery) A procedure to remove one or more ovaries or testes.


gonadoblastoma

gonadoblastoma (plural gonadoblastomas or gonadoblastomata)

gonadoblastomas (plural)
gonadoblastomata (plural)

(pathology, oncology) A tumour found in an ovary.


pancreatectomy

Pancreatectomy was a palliative measure at this stage of the cancer.

2023, Ayọ̀bámi Adébáyọ̀, A Spell of Good Things, Canongate Books, page 19:

(surgery) The procedure to remove part or all of the pancreas.


parathyroidectomy

(surgery) The procedure to remove one or more of the parathyroid glands


leucocyte

The outer chamber contains the supratympanal organ together with leucocytes and adipose cells.

1977, O. W. Richards, R. G. Davies, Imms' General Textbook of Entomology, Tenth edition, Volume I: Structure, Physiology and Development, London: Chapman and Hall, page 133:

(immunology) Alternative spelling of leukocyte


myocardial

(cardiology) Relating to the myocardium, the thick muscular wall of the heart.


cholecystitis

cholecystitis (usually uncountable, plural cholecystites or cholecystitides)

cholecystites (plural)
cholecystitides (plural)

(pathology) An inflammation of the gall bladder.


dermatophytosis

dermatophytosis (countable and uncountable, plural dermatophytoses)

(medicine) A fungal infection of the skin caused by a dermatophyte, ringworm.


polymicrogyria

(pathology) A deformity of the brain such that it has an excessive number of small folds, causing mental retardation.

polymicrogyrie

a deformity of the brain such that it has an excessive number of small folds, causing mental retardation


phallectomy

(surgery) The surgical removal of the penis.


prostatectomy

Doctors can perform prostatectomies in one of three different ways: perineally, retropubically, or laparoscopically.

2011, Paul H. Lange, Christine Adamec, Prostate Cancer For Dummies:

(surgery) The surgical removal of part or all of the prostate gland.


stapedectomy

(surgery) The surgical removal of the stapes of the middle ear.


thrombectomy

(surgery) The surgical removal of a blood clot or thrombus from a blood vessel.


thymectomy

(surgery) The surgical removal of the thymus


thyroidectomy

(surgery) The surgical removal of part or all of the thyroid gland.


vitrectomy

(surgery) The surgical removal of some or all of the vitreous humour from the eye.


vitreous humor

(ophthalmology, US) The clear gel that fills the eyeball between the lens and the retina.


vulvectomy

(surgery) The surgical removal of some or all of the vulva.


hemicraniectomy

(surgery) The surgical removal of half of the cranium to enable brain surgery; hemicraniotomy.


hemipelvectomy

(surgery) The surgical removal of half of the pelvis, and the leg on that side.

hemipelwektomia

the surgical removal of a leg and half of the pelvis


neurotoxic

en-adj

neurotoxic (comparative more neurotoxic, superlative most neurotoxic)

more neurotoxic (comparative)
most neurotoxic (superlative)

(toxicology, neuroscience, pharmacology) Having a toxic effect on nerve tissue.


cardio-

From Ancient Greek καρδία (kardía, “heart”).

(anatomy) Relating to the cardia of the stomach.


glandular fever

en-noun

glandular fever (usually uncountable, plural glandular fevers)


megrims

(veterinary medicine) Any of various diseases of animals, especially horses, marked by a disturbance of equilibrium and abnormal gait and behaviour such as staggers or a sudden vertigo, sometimes followed by unconsciousness; the staggers.


asomatognosia

(neurology) A deficiency in the awareness of parts on one's own body.

assomatognosia

a deficiency in the awareness of parts on one's own body


phagocytise

en-verb

phagocytise (third-person singular simple present phagocytises, present participle phagocytising, simple past and past participle phagocytised)

phagocytises (present singular third-person)
phagocytising (participle present)
phagocytised (participle past)
phagocytised (past)

(immunology, cytology, British) To ingest (something) by phagocytosis.


diverticulectomy

(surgery) The surgical removal of a diverticulum.


fundectomy

(surgery) The surgical removal of the fundus of an organ, such as the uterus or the stomach.


hemorrhoidectomy

(surgery) The surgical removal of hemorrhoids


hepatectomy

(surgery) The surgical removal of all or part of the liver.


varix

Via Middle English varix from Latin varix, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wers-. See also Old Church Slavonic врьхъ (vrĭxŭ, “top, peak”), Ancient Greek ἕρμα (hérma, “reef, rock, hill”), Lithuanian viršus (“top”).

cog

(medicine) A varicose, i.e. swollen and knotted, vein.


lumpectomy

(surgery) The surgical removal of a tumour or cyst from a breast.


nephrectomy

(surgery) The surgical removal of a kidney.


sigmoidoscopic

(medicine) Relating to the type of examination of the colon.


tummy tuck

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-tummy tuck.wav

Rupak says that 45 percent of his clients undergo nonemergency, nonelective surgeries (such as knee, shoulder, back, and hip operations), while 30 percent have cosmetic procedures (tummy tucks, breast enlargements, and facelifts.)

2008 October, Mark Jenkins, “Need surgery? Call a travel agent”, in Men's Health, volume 23, number 8, →ISSN, page 152:

MEXICO CITY — Zalayna Grant last spoke to her brother on Thursday, when he told her he was driving to Mexico with a group of friends — one of them was planning to get a tummy tuck there.

2023 March 7, Natalie Kitroeff, Maria Abi-Habib, Jack Nicas, Jacey Fortin, “A Trip to Mexico Ends in a Kidnapping and the Deaths of 2 Americans”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:


lobectomy

Dr. Bravenec is one of the few surgeons in the country performing lobectomies after full-dosage radiation

2009, “Mandala” (4:00 from the start), in Breaking Bad, season 2, episode 11, spoken by Dr. Delcavoli (David House):

(surgery) The surgical removal of a lobe from an organ such as the lung or the brain


segmentectomy

(surgery) The surgical removal of a segment of an organ such as the lung or the liver.


sympathetic nervous system

en-noun

sympathetic nervous system (plural sympathetic nervous systems)

autonomic nervous system
autonomic nervous system

(neuroanatomy) The part of the autonomic nervous system that raises blood pressure and heart rate, constricts blood vessels, and dilates the pupils when under stress.


vaginectomy

vaginectomy (countable and uncountable, plural vaginectomies)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-vaginectomy.wav

(surgery) The surgical removal of all or part of the vagina.


arthroplasty

(surgery) The surgical repair of a joint, or creation of an artificial joint, such as a hip replacement.


moenomycin

(medicine) Any of a range of phosphoglycolipid antibiotics, of complex structure, that inhibit the growth of a broad spectrum of Gram-positive bacteria.


vancomycin

From vanquish + -o- + -mycin (“antibiotic produced by a Streptomyces strain”).

af

Vancomycin was given intravenously in doses of 0.5 gm. at 6-hour intervals for periods of up to 4 weeks to 9 patients, all of whom had staphylococcal infections.

1956, J. Geraci, “Some Laboratory and Clinical Experiences with a New Antibiotic, Vancomycin”, in Proc. Staff, Meetings Mayo Clinic, volume 31, number 21, page 564:

(pharmacology) A glycopeptide antibiotic C₆₆H₇₅Cl₂N₉O₂₄ produced by the actinomycete Amycolaptosis orientalis, used in the form of its hydrochloride C₆₆H₇₅Cl₂N₉O₂₄·HCl against Gram-positive bacteria, especially staphylococci resistant to meticillin and enterococci.


nullomer

(genetics) A sequence of bases (in a nucleic acid) that is absent in one species (especially human) but may be present in others.


epicardium

en-noun

epicardium (plural epicardiums or epicardia)

New Latin, from Latin epi- (“over”) + Ancient Greek καρδία (kardía, “heart”). Attested in English from the 19th century.

(anatomy) The layer of tissue between the pericardium and the heart.


neurovascular

(anatomy) Of or pertaining to both nerves and blood vessels.

neurovaskulární

of or pertaining to nerves and blood vessels


iritis

iritis (countable and uncountable, plural iritides)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-iritis.wav

(pathology) An inflammation of the iris.


ectasis

ectasis (countable and uncountable, plural ectases)

(medicine) dilatation: for example, bronchiectasis, which refers to a pathologic dilatation of the bronchi of the lung.


intranasal

an intranasal vaccine

Puppies are usually immunized with intranasal vaccine before weaning.

1997, Karla S. Rugh, Miniature Schnauzers, page 53:

A randomized controlled clinical trial (N = 187) using an intranasal morphine-chitosan formulation (Rylomine) postoperatively following bunionectomy in 187 opioid-naïve patients demonstrated that the intranasal analgesic was comparable to IV morphine for both pain relief and systemic adverse effects.

2010, Chris Pasero, Pain Assessment and Pharmacologic Management, page 386:

In comparative studies, intranasal azelastine was more effective than placebo and at least as effective as oral antihistamines or intranasal corticosteroids in relieving allergic rhinitis.

2013, Marilyn Winterton Edmunds, Pharmacology for the Primary Care Provider, page 201:


reduplication

reduplication (countable and uncountable, plural reduplications)

Contrastive focus reduplication
Shm-reduplication
reduplication

(anatomy) The folding or doubling of a part or organ.


giardiasis

giardiasis (countable and uncountable, plural giardiases)

/d͡ʒɑː(ɹ)ˈdaɪəsɪs/

(pathology) An infectious diarrheal disease in humans and mammals caused by the Giardia duodenalis parasite.

(pathology) Any disease in animals caused by parasites of the genus Giardia.


cementum

Borrowed from Latin caementum. Doublet of cement.

From a purely anatomic standpoint, root cementum is part of the tooth, but also part of the periodontium.

2005, Herbert F. Wolf, Klaus H. Rateitschak, Periodontology, page 14:

Cementum is the least known calcified tissue in vertebrates (Bosshardt and Schroeder 1996) and several questions about cementogenesis have not yet been answered.

2007, Ermanno Bonucci, Biological Calcification: Normal and Pathological Processes in the Early Stages, page 245:

Whether epithelial cells from Hertwig's sheath contribute to initial cementum formation is controversial as has already been discussed in Chap. 1.

2007, Pieter Johannes Slootweg, Dental Pathology: A Practical Introduction, page 8:

(anatomy, dentistry) A bony substance that covers the root of a tooth; cement.


blepharoplasty

(surgery) Plastic surgery on the eyelid to improve vision or for cosmetic reasons.


blepharon

From Ancient Greek βλέφαρον (blépharon).


dermatoplasty

(surgery) Plastic surgery of the skin, especially the use of skin grafts.


mammaplasty

(surgery) Plastic surgery of a breast to alter its shape or size.


mammoplasty

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-mammoplasty.wav


mastoplasty

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-mastoplasty.wav


mentoplasty

(surgery) Plastic surgery of the chin to alter its size or shape.


cerebellar

/ˌsɛ.ɹəˈbɛl.ə/

/ˌsɛɹ.əˈbɛl.ɚ/

(anatomy, relational) Of or pertaining to the cerebellum.


calvaria

calvaria (plural calvariae or calvarias)

From Latin calvāria (“skull”). Doublet of calavera and calvary.

CD105 Thy1- progenitor populations derived from regions of the fetal mandible or calvaria that do not undergo endochondral ossification formed only bone without marrow in our assay.

2008 December 10, Charles K. F. Chan et al., “Endochondral ossification is required for haematopoietic stem-cell niche formation”, in Nature, volume 457, number 7228, →DOI:

(anatomy) The dome or roof of the skull, the skullcap.


baricity

baricity (usually uncountable, plural baricities)

Baricity is used in anesthesia to determine the manner in which a particular drug will spread in the intrathecal space.

(medicine, physical chemistry) The density of a substance compared to the density of human cerebral spinal fluid.


dichocephalic

en-adj

dichocephalic (comparative more dichocephalic, superlative most dichocephalic)

more dichocephalic (comparative)
most dichocephalic (superlative)

Probably originated from the description of the autodidact in Jean-Paul Sartre's Nausea.

(medicine) Pertaining to someone who is 'broad-headed', either actually or figuratively having a large head or exceptional intelligence.


phalloplasty

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-phalloplasty.wav

sex reassignment surgery
sex reassignment surgery

(surgery) Plastic surgery to construct or repair a penis, performed to repair injury or as part of sex reassignment surgery.

siittimen korjausleikkaus

plastic surgery to construct or repair a penis

(surgery, nonstandard) Plastic surgery to enlarge the penis.


rhytidoplasty

(surgery) Plastic surgery to reduce the visible signs of aging in the face by removing wrinkles.


rhytidectomy

From rhytid (“undesirable wrinkle in the skin”) + -ectomy (“excision”).


staphyloplasty

(surgery) Plastic surgery to replace or repair the uvula and the soft palate.


teratology

en-noun

teratology (countable and uncountable, plural teratologies)

From terato- + -logy, from Ancient Greek τέρας (téras, “monster”) + -λογία (-logía, “study of”).

affix

(medicine) The study of congenital malformations, their development, and people with them.

teratologia

(medicine) study of congenital malformations

(toxicology) The study of the mechanisms, teratogenic agents, or teratogens, in bringing about malformations.

tératologie

(toxicology) study of the mechanisms in bringing about malformations.


thoracoplasty

(surgery) Surgery of the chest, usually involving removal of ribs.


tuboplasty

(surgery) Surgery to repair one or both of the Fallopian tubes.


valvuloplasty

(surgery) Plastic surgery to repair a valve, such as a heart valve or venous valve.


valvule

From Latin valvula (“valve, little valve”) either directly or via French valvule, from Latin valva (“double door, valve”) + -ula (“-ule, -ling: forming diminutives”). Doublet of valvula.

(anatomy) A structure similar to a small valve.


allantois

en-noun

allantois (plural allantoises or allantoides)

allantoises (plural)
allantoides (plural)

Ancient Greek ἀλλαντοειδής (allantoeidḗs, “sausage-shaped”). Compare Greek αλλαντικό (allantikó).

der

ἀλλαντοειδής

(anatomy) A sac, having a number of functions, that develops in the alimentary canal of the embryos of mammals, birds and reptiles.

سِقَاء

sac in the alimentary canal of the embryos of mammals, birds and reptiles


subdural hematoma

en-noun

subdural hematoma (plural subdural hematomas or subdural hematomata)

subdural hematomas (plural)
subdural hematomata (plural)

(medicine) A mass of blood formed between the dura and the arachnoid membranes, usually as a result of trauma to the head.


syndactyly

syndactyly (countable and uncountable, plural syndactylies)

From syn- + Ancient Greek δάκτυλος (dáktulos, “finger”) + -y.

der

Pranamya Menaria (India; born August 10, 2005) has 25 in total (12 fingers and 13 toes). This is as a result of the condition Polydactyly and Syndactyly.

2008, Guinness World Records — Human Body — Extreme Bodies — Most Fingers and Toes — Living Person:

2012, Donald S. Bae, Chapter 47: Release of Simple Syndactyly, John M. Flynn, Sam W. Wiesel (editors), Operative Techniques in Pediatric Orthopaedics, Wolters Kluwer (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins), page 326,
• Syndactyly refers to the failure of separation between adjacent digits, resulting in "webbed" fingers.
• Congenital syndactyly is classified according to the extent of digital involvement and the character of the conjoined tissue.
• Complete syndactyly extends to the digital tips (FIG 1A), whereas incomplete syndactyly ends proximal to the fingertips (FIG 1B).
• Simple syndactyly refers to digits connected only by skin and soft tissue. Complex syndactyly denotes bony fusions between adjacent phalanges.
• Complicated syndactyly refers to the interposition of accessory phalanges or abnormal bones between digits.

Fig. 2.2f.1 Complete syndactyly. Schematic (A) shows syndactyly of hand excluding the thumb. The thumb may be included in the syndactyly, as evident in the left hand of the patient with Apert syndrome (B). The great toe is usually included in syndactyly of the foot.

2016, David B. Everman, “2: Hands and Feet”, in Roger E. Stevenson, Judith G. Hall, David B. Everman, Benjamin D. Solomon, editors, Human Malformations and Related Anomalies, 3rd edition, Oxford University Press, page 137:

Complex syndactylies are more often part of a syndrome such as Apert, Carpenter, or Saethre-Chotzen syndrome.

2021, Angelo B. Lipira, Joel S. Solomon, Jourdan A. Carboy, Juliana E. Hansen, “40: Congenital Hand Differences”, in Seth R. Thaller, Zubin J. Panthaki, editors, Tips and Tricks in Plastic Surgery, Springer, page 683:

(medicine, teratology) The anomalous condition, in humans, of having some fingers or toes fused with a web.


amyloidosis

/æmɪlɔɪˈdəʊsɪs/

(medicine) Any of a group of disorders in which the fibrous protein amyloid is deposited in an organ of the body.


uraniscus

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek οὐρανίσκος (ouranískos, “ceiling”).

lbor

(anatomy) The palate or roof of the mouth.


psychosurgery

en-noun

psychosurgery (countable and uncountable, plural psychosurgeries)

This was studied in humans where amygdalotomies were done not to control seizures but to control aggression. Such psychosurgery provoked fiery controversy in the 1970s. And I don't mean scientists not saying hello to each other at conferences. I mean a major public shit storm.

2017, Robert Sapolsky, chapter 2, in Behave, Penguin, →ISBN:

(surgery) Surgery of the brain to treat or alleviate mental illness.


ventriculus

Unadapted borrowing from Latin ventriculus (“the belly”), diminutive of venter (“the belly”). Doublet of ventricle.

ubor

(anatomy, zootomy) A digestive cavity such as a gizzard or stomach.


hyponatremia

en-noun

hyponatremia (countable and uncountable, plural hyponatremias)

From hypo- + natremia or hypo- + natr- + -emia.

(medicine) An abnormally low concentration of sodium in blood plasma.


hypernatremia

hypernatremia (usually uncountable, plural hypernatremias)

From hyper- + natremia or hyper- + natr- + -emia.

(medicine) An abnormally high concentration of sodium in blood plasma.


aneuploidy

aneuploidy (countable and uncountable, plural aneuploidies)

(genetics) The condition of being aneuploid; the state of possessing a chromosome number that is not an exact multiple of the haploid number of the organism in question.


aneuploid

(genetics) Having a number of chromosomes that is not a multiple of the haploid number.

ójafnlitna

having number of chromosomes that is not a multiple of the haploid number


ploidy

From the ending of words such as haploidy, polyploidy etc.

(genetics) The number of homologous sets of chromosomes in a cell.


diploidy

diploidy (countable and uncountable, plural diploidies)

(uncountable, genetics) The state of being diploid, having two sets of chromosomes.

(countable, genetics) An instance of being diploid.


haploidy

haploidy (usually uncountable, plural haploidies)


heteroploidy

heteroploidy (usually uncountable, plural heteroploidies)

(genetics) The state of being heteroploid.


mixoploidy

(genetics) The state of being mixoploid.


mixoploid

(genetics) Having cells with different numbers of chromosomes. The genetically different cell populations usually arise from the same zygote (mosaicism) or, more rarely, they originate from different zygotes (chimerism).


monoploidy

monoploidy (countable and uncountable, plural monoploidies)

(uncountable, genetics) The state of being monoploid, having one set of chromosomes.

(countable, genetics) An instance of being monoploid.


monoploid

(genetics) Having a single set of chromosomes.


triploidy

triploidy (countable and uncountable, plural triploidies)

(uncountable, genetics) The state of being triploid, having three sets of chromosomes.

(countable, genetics) An instance of being triploid.


Punnett square

For Reginald Punnett, British geneticist.

(genetics) A graphical representation used to determine the probability of an offspring expressing a particular genotype.


brachialis

Borrowed from Latin bracchialis, brachialis. Doublet of brachial.

(anatomy) A muscle in the upper arm that flexes the elbow joint, in conjunction with the biceps brachii.


palatine uvula

palatine uvula (plural palatine uvulas or palatine uvulae)

palatine uvulas (plural)
palatine uvulae (plural)

(anatomy) The uvula in the mouth (as distinguished from uvulae elsewhere in the body).


coracoid

(anatomy) Part of the scapula that projects towards the sternum in mammals; the coracoid process

(anatomy) A small bone linking the scapula and sternum in birds, reptiles and some other vertebrates


acrocoracoid

(anatomy) A dorsal expansion of the coracoid bone which completes the opening for the triosseal canal.


acrocoracoid process

acrocoracoid process (plural acrocoracoid processes)

(anatomy) A dorsal expansion of the coracoid process which completes the opening for the triosseal canal.


acrocoracohumeral

acrocoracoid process
acrocoracoid process

(anatomy) That connects the acrocoracoid process to the humerus.


acrocoracohumeral ligament

acrocoracohumeral ligament (plural acrocoracohumeral ligaments)

(anatomy) A ligament that connects the humerus to the shoulder joint; its evolution was critical to the origin of flight in birds.


glenoid

From Ancient Greek γληνοειδής (glēnoeidḗs, “socket like”), equivalent to
From glene + -oid.

der

(anatomy) A shallow depression in a bone, especially in the scapula.


glenoid

(anatomy) Of or pertaining to this depression.


scapulocoracoid

(anatomy) A fusion of the scapula and coracoid bones found in lower vertebrates.


hypomorph

(genetics) a mutation that causes a partial loss of gene function.


hypomorphic

(genetics, of a mutation) causing a partial loss of gene function.


paralog

(genetics) either of a pair of genes that derive from the same ancestral gene


fenestration

en-noun

fenestration (countable and uncountable, plural fenestrations)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-fenestration.wav

(surgery, anatomy) An opening in the surface of an organ etc; the surgical creation of such an opening, especially one in the bony part of the inner ear made to improve hearing.

перфорация

opening in the surface of an organ, surgical creation of such an opening

(surgery, anatomy) An opening that occurs naturally or is created surgically, as through a biological membrane.


humoral immunity

humoral immunity (plural humoral immunities)

(immunology) Immunity to infection due to antibodies, which circulate in the blood and lymph, and which are produced by B cells.


fluorosis

There's no doubt about it: Fluoride should not be ingested. Even scientists from the EPA's National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory have classified fluoride as a "chemical having substantial evidence of developmental neurotoxicity.” Furthermore, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 41 percent of American adolescents now have dental fluorosis—unattractive discoloration and mottling of the teeth that indicate overexposure to fluoride.

2005 February 9, Dr. Mercola, “Get That Fluoride Out of Your Tea!”, in mercola.com, retrieved 2013-10-05:

(medicine) Any adverse condition due to an excess of fluoride.

fluoróza

any adverse condition due to an excess of fluoride


hypermorph

(genetics) a gain of function mutation that causes an increase in otherwise normal gene function.


hypermorphic

(genetics, of a mutation) causing an increase in otherwise normal gene function.


amorph

(genetics) a mutation that causes a complete loss of gene function.


neomorph

(genetics) A gain of function mutation that causes novel gene function.


neomorphic

(genetics, of a mutation) causing a novel gene function.


antimorph

(genetics) a gain of function mutation that acts in opposition to the normal gene's function.


antimorphic

(genetics, of a mutation) that antagonizes the normal gene's function.


homolog

/ˈhɑːməlɑːɡ/

/ˈhoʊməlɑːɡ/

Borrowed from French homologue, From Ancient Greek ὁμόλογος (homólogos, “agreeing, of one mind”), equivalent to homo- + -log.

der

TP53 is the human homolog of murine Trp53.

Detecting remote homolog by protein similarity network.

2008, Chan-seok Jeong, Minho Lee, Dongsup Kim, edited by Ratko Magjarevic, World Congress of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering 2006, Volume 1 (Biomedical Engineering), →ISBN, page 171:

A more complex mechanism is used by Vibrio cholerae toxin and by the homolog heat-labile enterotoxin secreted by ETEC strains.

2012, Phillip Smith, Thomas MacDonald, Principles of Mucosal Immunology, page 407:

Something homologous; a homologous organ or part, chemical compound, chromosome, gene, or cultural element.

(biology, genetics, medicine) One of a group of similar DNA sequences that share a common ancestry, or the peptides or proteins that they encode; the counterpart gene or protein in another taxon evolved from a common ancestor (molecularly it may be either identical or similar).


orthologue

(genetics) One of two or more homologous gene sequences found in different species.


altitude sickness

(medicine) A pathological condition caused by oxygen deficiency at high altitudes; symptoms include shortness of breath, nausea, and nosebleed.


teratologic

(genetics) Dealing with the study of production, development, anatomy, and classification of monsters.

(teratology) Pertaining to deformity, either congenital or resulting from accident.


mycosis

(pathology) An infection caused by a fungus.


humoral

From Middle English humerale, humorale, humoural, from Middle French humoral and Medieval Latin hūmorālis, from Latin hūmor. By surface analysis, humor + -al.

Both the apocryphal belief in pre-transplant cross-match screening to discard active humoral immune response against the donor and the lack of sensible and reliable markers for detecting AMR give explanation to the surprising fact that AMR was nearly neglected in human renal transplantation during years.

2009, Giuseppe Remuzzi, Stefano Chiaramonte, N. Perico, Humoral Immunity in Kidney Transplantation, page 118:

Thus, the demonstration of the presence of: a thymic-lymphocytosis promoting factor in mice (Metcalf, 1958); a humoral lymphocyte stimulating factor in the serum of irradiated rats (Ito and Weinstein, 1963); a thymic lymphopoietic factor, "thymosin" (Goldstein et al., 1966); and a lymphocytosis inducing factor in the plasma of rats treated with antilymphocyte serum (Rakowitz et al., 1972) lend support to this hypothesis. Several other reports in the literature suggest the presence of humoral agents regulating leukocyte numbers.

2012, Joseph Lobue, Albert S. Gordon, Humoral Control of Growth And Differentiation, page 52:

The usual kind of excitation met with in the pancreas is purely humoral and there is no reason to assume that any form of nervous activity is involved in it.

2015, G. H. Parker, Humoral Agents in Nervous Activity:

(pathology, physiology) Relating to the body fluids or humours.


tracheostomy

(surgery) A surgical procedure in which an incision is made into the trachea, through the neck, and a tube inserted so as to make an artificial opening in order to assist breathing.


cambium

en-noun

cambium (countable and uncountable, plural cambiums or cambia)

Borrowed from Late Latin cambium (“a change”), from Gaulish. Doublet of change.

(anatomy) Periosteum, a membrane that covers the outer surface of bones


suppuration

suppuration (countable and uncountable, plural suppurations)

(medicine) Decay in tissue producing pus, or the pus itself.

by the Inflammation and Suppuration of the axillary, inguinal, and other Glands, or in beginning Gangrenes...

1600-1700, Arbuthnot, John, An essay concerning the effects of air on human bodies, page 178:


subluxation

subluxation (countable and uncountable, plural subluxations)

From French subluxation, from New Latin subluxatio, from subluxare (“to subluxate, to partially displace”) + -atio (“-ation: forming abstract nouns”), from sub- (“sub-: under, below, lesser”) + luxare (“to dislocate; to displace”) after the model of Ancient Greek παράρθρημα (parárthrēma). Equivalent to sub- + luxation.

The patient experienced subluxations of his right ulna, his lower right rear molar, and the lens of his left eye.

Lateral subluxation of the atlantoaxial joints has also been observed in rheumatoid arthritis patients.

1988, Donald Resnick, Diagnosis of Bone and Joint Disorders:

Many diseases and trauma are associated with lens subluxation. Clinical Features. All degrees of subluxation may be seen. Classically, iridodonesis is seen on slit lamp examination with eye movement. Phakodonesis may also be observed.

2001, William Tasman, Edward A. Jaeger, The Wills Eye Hospital Atlas of Clinical Ophthalmology, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, →ISBN, page 78:

Subluxation of a tooth may cause bleeding and mobility of the tooth as a result of injury to the periodontal fibers. Displacement of the tooth is not usually apparent. Approximately 15 % to 20 % of reported trauma cases exhibit [it].

2004, Michael Crocetti, Michael A. Barone, Frank A. Oski, Oski's Essential Pediatrics, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, →ISBN, page 176:


thermanesthesia

(medicine) The inability to feel heat or cold; loss of sense of temperature upon contact with skin.


canalisation

canalisation (usually uncountable, plural canalisations)

/ˌkænələˈzeɪʃən/

(genetics) The ability of a genotype to produce the same phenotype regardless of variability of its environment.


benzocaine

benzocaine (countable and uncountable, plural benzocaines)

From benzo(ate) + -caine (“local anesthetic”).

af

(pharmacology) A local anesthetic commonly used as a topical pain reliever.

對氨基苯甲酸乙酯 /对氨基苯甲酸乙酯

deoi³ on¹ gei¹ bun² gaap³ syun¹ jyut³ zi²


trapezius

en-noun

trapezius (plural trapezii or trapeziuses)

Unknown but likely derived from Ancient Greek τράπεζα (trápeza).

The trapezius muscle resembles a trapezium (trapezoid in American English), or diamond-shaped quadrilateral. The word "spinotrapezius" refers to the human trapezius, although it is not commonly used in modern texts. In other mammals, it refers to a portion of the analogous muscle.

(anatomy) A large vertebrate skeletal muscle divided into an ascending, descending, and transverse portion, attaching the neck and central spine to the outer extremity of the scapula; it functions in scapular elevation, adduction, and depression.


tretinoin

tretinoin (usually uncountable, plural tretinoins)

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) The all-trans isomer of retinoic acid that is applied to the skin to treat severe acne and reduce facial wrinkles, roughness, and pigmented spots.


ATRA

all-trans retinoic acid
all-trans retinoic acid#English

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) Initialism of all-trans retinoic acid.


all-trans retinoic acid

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) Tretinoin.


impedance plethysmography

(medicine) A technique in which the volume of segments of the body can be continuously measured via electrical impedance; used to study the cardiovascular system and other physiological functions.


plethysmography

(medicine) The diagnostic use of a plethysmograph.


plethysmograph

/plɛˈðɪz.məˌɡɹæf/

/pləˈðɪz.məˌɡɹæf/

Late 19th century: from Ancient Greek πληθυσμός (plēthusmós, “enlargement”) + -graph.

bor

(medicine) An instrument for measuring changes in volume within an organ or whole body (usually via fluctuations in the amount of fluid it contains).


adhesiotomy

(surgery) The surgical procedure to divide or separate an adhesion.


surgical procedure

en-noun

surgical procedure (plural surgical procedures)

(medicine) A procedure in which one or more incisions are made into the body in order to repair damage or remove diseased tissue; an operation.


-opsy

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ὄψις (ópsis, “view”).


scoliotic

en-adj

scoliotic (comparative more scoliotic, superlative most scoliotic)

more scoliotic (comparative)
most scoliotic (superlative)

(pathology) Of, pertaining to, or affected by scoliosis.

scoliotique

of, pertaining to, or affected by scoliosis


genopharmacology

(genetics, medicine) The study of the effects of pharmaceuticals and other compounds on genome expression.


horizontal gene transfer

en-noun

horizontal gene transfer (countable and uncountable, plural horizontal gene transfers)

horizontal gene transfers (plural)
as: HGT (abbreviation)

Study of kett DNA shows evidence of horizontal gene transfer and the incorporation of genes from dozens of unknown species.

2017, BioWare, Mass Effect: Andromeda (Science Fiction), Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →OCLC, PC, scene: Kett: Biology Codex entry:

(genetics) The transfer of genetic material from one organism to another one that is not its offspring; especially common among bacteria.


autograft

(surgery) A tissue graft taken from one part to another of the same individual's body.

autoenxerto

graft taken from the body of the person receiving the graft


diverticulitis

diverticulitis (usually uncountable, plural diverticulites)

He had a slight fever and thought he had appendicitis. So did his doctor, who sent him to the emergency room, where an M.R.I. revealed not appendicitis but diverticulitis, an infection in an outpouching of his colon he never knew he had.

2019 October 28, Jane E. Brody, “Fiber in Fruits and Grains Protects Against Diverticulitis”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

(medicine, pathology) An infection of the diverticulum.


cardiopulmonary

A DNR decision determines whether or not patients receive cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

2005, Ralph L Piedmont, Research in the Social Scientific Study of Religion:

(medicine) Of or pertaining to both the heart and the lungs.

cardiopulmonar

Of, or pertaining to the heart and the lungs


metabolome

In this study, we propose a means of studying metabolism, using the concept of the “metabolome”, or total complement of metabolites in a cell, to look at global shifts in cellular function under different growth conditions.

1998 October 7, Helen Tweeddale, “Effect of Slow Growth on Metabolism of Escherichia coli, as Revealed by Global Metabolite Pool (“Metabolome”) Analysis”, in Journal of Bacteriology, volume 180, number 19, page 5109:

(biochemistry, genetics) The complete set of metabolites found in a biological sample; especially that found in a person's body under normal conditions, and when suffering from a disease.


transcriptome

Within three weeks, he had a partial ‘transcriptome’ of the ctenophore – some 5,000 or 6,000 gene sequences that were actively turned on in the animal’s nerve cells.

2017 August 1, Douglas Fox, “Aliens in our midst”, in Aeon:

(biochemistry, genetics) The complete set of RNA molecules (transcripts) produced in a cell or a population of cells.


ventral tegmental area

ventral tegmental area (plural ventral tegmental areas)


vampirism

vampirism (usually uncountable, plural vampirisms)

(pathology) Systemic lupus erythematosus (autoimmune disease)


phenotypic lag

Phenotypic lag is the delayed phenotypic manifestation off a gene mutation (in additional to mutational lag).

1973, Acta Universitatis Palackianae Olomucensis:

(genetics) a delay in the expression of a phenotype acquired by mutation.


anodynia

(medicine) The absence of pain in a previously painful region.


anodynia

Anodynia (anorectal pain) most frequently occurs together with other pain syndromes, like vulvodynia or phallodynia, but sometimes it may be isolated.

2013, Tomasz F. Mroczkowski, Larry E. Millikan, Lawrence Charles Parish, Genital and Perianal Diseases: A Color Handbook, page 260:

analgia

anal pain; no pain; which seems like it might mean (ano- + -algia) but which actually means (an- + -algia)


Morison's pouch

Morison's pouch (plural Morison's pouches)

For James Rutherford Morison, British surgeon (1853–1939).

(anatomy) A recess in the peritoneum inferior to the liver, to the right of the kidney and extending inferiorly to the transverse mesocolon.


PEG

PEG (countable and uncountable, plural PEGs)

percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy
w:percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy

(medicine, countable) Initialism of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy.


catheterize

en-verb

catheterize (third-person singular simple present catheterizes, present participle catheterizing, simple past and past participle catheterized)

catheterizes (present singular third-person)
catheterizing (participle present)
catheterized (participle past)
catheterized (past)

/ˈkæθətəɹaɪz/

These patients are taught to catheterize themselves at regular intervals.

1985, Technologies for managing urinary incontinence:

(medicine) To introduce a catheter into part of the body.


submarginal

en-adj

submarginal (comparative more submarginal, superlative most submarginal)

more submarginal (comparative)
most submarginal (superlative)


crudity

en-noun

crudity (countable and uncountable, plural crudities)

Borrowed from Middle French crudité, from Latin crūditās. Doublet of crudité.

For there is no meat whatſoeuer, though otherwiſe wholeſome and good, but if it be vnſeaſonably taken, or immoderatly vſed, more then the ſtomack can well beare, will ingender crudity, and doe much harme.

1621, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], “Diet rectified in quantity”, in The Anatomy of Melancholy, […], Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] John Lichfield and Iames Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC, partition 2, section 2, member 1, subsection 2, page 309:

(obsolete, medicine) Indigestion; undigested food in the stomach; badly-concocted humours.


fanon

From Middle English fanon, fanoun, from Old French fanon, from Medieval Latin fanō, from Frankish *fano, from Proto-Germanic *fanô. Doublet of fane and vane.

(surgery) A fold of linen laid under a splint.


azygos

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἄζυγος (ázugos, “unwedded, unpaired”).

bor

(anatomy, medicine) In anatomy, a structure that is unpaired. This is relatively unusual, as most elements of anatomy reflect bilateral symmetry.


toeprint

In the absence of IF3, the 10-fold molar excess of tRNAᴾʰᵉ produces a strong +18 toeprint relative to the +15 toeprint.

2010, Single Molecule Tools, Part A: Fluorescence Based Approaches:

In the case of the entrapment model on the contrary, one does not expect the toeprint to disappear with increasing repressor concentrations, since in this case, both repressor and ribosome can bind the same mRNA.

2012, E. C. C. Lin, A. Simon Lynch, Regulation of Gene Expression in Escherichia coli:

Lastly, a "toeprint" of 30S subunits bound to T4 gene 32 mRNA has been observed with MMLV reverse transcriptase; while the experiment has not been quantitated, appearance of a signal at a subunit concentration of 0.02 μM is consistent with a binding constant on the order of 10⁷ M⁻¹ (Hartz et al., 1991).

2012, K.H. Nierhaus, F. Franceschi, A.R. Subramanian, The Translational Apparatus: Structure, Function, Regulation, Evolution, page 198:

(genetics) A measure of 30S-mRNA binding.


urostyle

(anatomy) A styliform process forming the posterior extremity of the vertebral column in some fishes and amphibians.


cathodic

From cathode + -ic. Coined by William Whewell in 1837 in a letter to Michael Faraday.

(anatomy) Proceeding from a nerve centre; efferent.


macrocephaly

en-noun

macrocephaly (usually uncountable, plural macrocephalies)

(medicine) A condition in which the head is abnormally large.

makrozefalia

a condition in which the head is abnormally large


macrogamete

(cytology) The larger of a pair of anisogamous, conjugating gametes; the female ovule in plants or ovum for animals.


macroglobulinemia

macroglobulinemia (countable and uncountable, plural macroglobulinemias)

(medicine) The presence of high levels of macroglobulins in the blood


macrography

Examination of his handwriting shows an alternation of macrography with micrography, and to this much importance is attributed, not only because this state is often present in epileptics, but because it is associated with impulse and with double personality.

1899 January, “Luccheni: the Murderer of the Empress of Austria”, in The Journal of Mental Science, volume 45, number 188, →ISSN, page 121:

Thus, according to various functional and organic abnormalities that can be installed, the writing disorders can be classified into the following categoriesⁱ: writing rhythm (increased rhythm or graphorrhea, vs. low rate); graphic morphology disorders (micrography, macrography, seismic handwriting), impaired semantic graphical forms (Schizophrenia handwriting, hermetic writing, doodles).

2012, Violeta Gabriela Băncilă, “The forensic importance of handwriting pathology in major psychiatric disorders”, in International Journal of Criminal Investigation, volume 2, number 3, page 210:

In HD patients, the main pathological motor symptoms are involuntary movements (chorea), difficulties with beginning voluntary movements (akinesia), or slowing down of movements (bradykinesia): they cause the patient’s many different problems, inter alia hyperkinetic dysarthria and writing difficulties manifested in shapeless, sharply defined letters, and in macrography (handwriting is too large or gradually increases in the course of writing), which occurs when chorea is stronger than bradykinesia

2021, Urszula Mirecka, “Graphomotor skills in dysarthric persons”, in Logopedia, volumes 43–44, →ISSN, page 189:

The handwriting of the study participants was seen to be larger and occupy a larger space in the manic period. […] While a reduced dopamine level leads to micrography (17), we suggest that the increased level of dopamine seen in mania could cause macrography.

2022, Nusret Ayaz et al., “The Use of Handwriting Changes for the Follow-up of Patients with Bipolar Disorder”, in Archives of Neuropsychiatry, volume 59, number 1, →ISSN:

We also found that the strokes in the schizophrenia group were in general longer than the strokes in the control group. This result is consistent with previous studies that report the presence of macrography in schizophrenia

2022, Yasmina Crespo Cobo et al., “Examining Motor Anticipation in Handwriting as an Indicator of Motor Dysfunction in Schizophrenia”, in Frontiers in Psychology, volume 13, →ISSN:


manitrunk

(insects, anatomy) The anterior segment of the thorax in insects.


cyanotic

In cold weather rosaceous cheeks often tend to become mauvish and take on a cyanotic tinge.

1976, Ronald Marks, Common facial dermatoses, page 9:

(pathology) Resembling or afflicted with cyanosis.


nociception

nociception (countable and uncountable, plural nociceptions)

From Latin nocēre (“to hurt”) + English (re)ception. By surface analysis, noci- + -ception.

The sensation was curious. The bullet passed through her thigh, cleanly, severing the dust-bones and making the second self stumble for a moment before knitting the injury back together. It didn't hurt — she'd have needed an entire quarry's worth of sand for nociception — but she still felt the hole appear, still felt the tiny slug passing through, still felt the quivering impact and the explosive exit. She felt the next three as well, and then she was standing over a cowering woman in a black leather jacket and beanie with a look of complete and total bafflement on her face.

2023 September 22, HarryBlank, “Off Track”, in SCP Foundation, archived from the original on 2024-05-25:

(physiology) The physiological process underlying the sensation of pain.


overdetermined

en-adj

overdetermined (comparative more overdetermined, superlative most overdetermined)

more overdetermined (comparative)
most overdetermined (superlative)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-overdetermined.wav

(usually psychoanalysis) Determined by multiple causes in such a way that any of the causes on its own would be sufficient to account for the effect.


body mechanics

(medicine) A form of physiotherapy used to correct body posture and movement.


gene silencing

Coordinate term: gene expression

(genetics) Any mechanism or technique, either in nature or by human agency, by which the expression of a gene is either fully or almost fully prevented.


silencing

(genetics) The prevention of the expression of a gene


bicoid

(genetics) A gene, in Drosophila and related flies, that specifies which end of an egg will be the anterior and become the fly's head by setting up a concentration gradient of the Bicoid protein.


Too Many Mouths

(genetics, biochemistry) A receptor-like protein in plants which, when absent, leads to an overproduction of stomata


biofilm

en-noun

biofilm (countable and uncountable, plural biofilms)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-biofilm.wav

From bio- + film. First used in the early 1970s in the context of wastewater treatment.

The differences in biofilm penetration patterns of both tested photosensitisers and the light source could have played an important role for the survival of microorganisms after the application of aPDT. In a recent own study, we showed that the deepest layers of the oral biofilm were not affected by the aPDT [4 ].

2015 November 7, “Antimicrobial Photoinactivation Using Visible Light Plus Water-Filtered Infrared-A (VIS + wIRA) Alters In Situ Oral Biofilms”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

These interactions are essential for the assembly of an exopolysaccharides-rich matrix and the development of cospecies biofilms.

2016 March 3, “Streptococcus mutans Can Modulate Biofilm Formation and Attenuate the Virulence of Candida albicans”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biology, medicine) A thin film of mucus created by and containing a colony of bacteria and other microorganisms.


universal donor

universal donor (plural universal donors)

(medicine) A person with blood type O, which lacks antigens and is therefore compatible with all other blood types, allowing them to donate blood to any other person.


papillectomy

(surgery) A medical procedure involving the removal of a papilla.


papilloma

papilloma (plural papillomas or papillomata)

papillomas (plural)
papillomata (plural)

(pathology, oncology) An epithelial tumour, usually benign, with the appearance of a papilla


atorvastatin

atorvastatin (usually uncountable, plural atorvastatins)

From ator- + -vastatin (“HMG CoA reductase inhibitor”). The prefix probably from Spanish atorar (“to clog”), wherein the verb suffix -ar was taken off. Thus, the role is "to inhibit the clogging (of cholesterol)".

af

Among statins, only simvastatin (up to 7.5 ng/L) and pravastatin (up to 40.4 ng/L) were identified in the raw water being these concentrations substantially higher than those found in the literature, 1 ng/L for pravastatin (Miao and Metcalfe, 2003) and 1.4 ng/L for atorvastatin and 1.0 ng/L for its metabolites o- and p-hydroxy atorvastatin in surface waters (Benotti et al., 2009). […] The last compound, gemfibrozil is the sole antilipidemic compound found (up to 3 ng/L) in a USA survey of 18 DWTPs whereas atorvastatin, simvastatin and their metabolites, the other studied compounds, were absent (Benotti et al., 2009). In our study, the two statins identified at the intake of the DWTP were eliminated by dioxychlorination (>99%) whereas bezafibrate, clofibric acid and gemfibrozil were only moderately removed with percentages of 37%, 68% and 11%, respectively although it has been reported that gemfibrozil and clofibric acid are readily oxidized with chlorine dioxide in spiked drinking water whereas bezafibrate remains unchanged (Huber et al., 2005a).

2011 June 7, Ma Rosa Boleda, Ma Teresa Galceran, Francesc Ventura, “Behavior of pharmaceuticals and drugs of abuse in a drinking water treatment plant (DWTP) using combined conventional and ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis (UF/RO) treatments”, in Environmental Pollution, volume 159, number 6, →DOI, pages 1584-1591:

(pharmacology) A statin used to lower the level of cholesterol in the blood. Trade names include Lipitor among others.


paramedicine

(medicine) That field of medicine practiced by paramedics.


thyroid cartilage

en-noun

thyroid cartilage (plural thyroid cartilages)

(anatomy) The largest cartilage in the larynx; the Adam’s apple


congestee

…based on respiratory effects, specifically, vascular congestion, peribronchiolar edema, hemorrhagic alveoli, and congestee capillaries in the lungs (IRIS).

1998, United States Congress et al., Departments of Veterans Affairs and Housing and Urban Development, and Independent Agencies, Appropriations for 1999, page 464:

(pathology) A thing congested to the point of malfunction.


parcellation

parcellation (countable and uncountable, plural parcellations)

(neuroscience, medical imaging) A map or annotation associating spatial locations (e.g., voxels) with parcel identities (e.g., anatomically or functionally circumscribed regions); the map or annotation that results from or delineates the results of parcellation (sense 1)


audiometry

audiometry (countable and uncountable, plural audiometries)

The first visit includes pure-tone, speech and immittance audiometry, loudness judgments for pulsed tones, assessment of individuals' motivation toward amplification, counselling . . .

1997, Henry Tobin, Practical Hearing Aid Selection And Fitting:

(medicine) The quantitative assessment of a person's hearing ability, especially by means of an audiometer.


behind the counter

(idiomatic, pharmacology, medicine) Of drugs, dispensed by a pharmacist without needing a doctor's prescription or other form of compliance.


redundant colon

redundant colon (plural redundant colons)

(pathology) A large intestine (colon) that is longer than normal and as a result has repetitive, overlapping loops


scotochromogenic

(medicine) Of or pertaining to a scotochromogen.


PLM

PLM (countable and uncountable, plural PLMs)

(medicine) Initialism of periodic limb movement.


zoophagia

(pathology) The act of eating living creatures.


vestibular

(anatomy) Of, pertaining to, or functioning as a vestibule (body cavity).

vestibular impulse

Ampulla of the perpendicular semicircular canal, receiving a fasciculus from the superior branch of the vestibular nerve[…].

1859, William James Erasmus Wilson, William H. Gobrecht, A System of Human Anatomy, General and Special:

(anatomy) Of or pertaining to the vestibule of the inner ear and the perception of body position, balance and movement.

(dentistry) Of or pertaining to the surface of a tooth that is directed outward toward the vestibule of the mouth, including the buccal and labial surfaces, and opposite the lingual (or oral) surface.


bufadienolide

(biochemistry, toxicology) Any of a class of toxic steroids present in some plants and secreted by some toads through the skin as a defense; sometimes present as a glycoside.


gastrula

gastrula (plural gastrulas or gastrulae)

From German Gastrula, coined by Ernst Haeckel in his 1872 work "Biology of Calcareous Sponges".

(embryology) A stage in the development of embryos of most animals consisting of a three-layered sac of ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm.


monomeric

(genetics) Describing a hereditary characteristic controlled by a gene at a single locus.


striatum

Those nonaddicts who picked a winning card had increased blood flow to the striatum, but the gambling addicts who picked the right card had much less of it (their reward system was less active).

2006 June 25, Benoit Denizet-Lewis, “An Anti-Addiction Pill?”, in The New York Times Magazine:

(neuroanatomy) The caudate nucleus and the lentiform nucleus considered as a single structure.


puerperium

Borrowed from Latin puerperium (“childbed, childbirth”), from puerpera (“woman in labor or childbed”) + -ium (nominal suffix), from puerperus (“parturient, bringing forth children”), from puer (“child, boy”) + pariō (“to bring forth, bear”) + -us (adjectival suffix).

af

As exciting causes, psychic traumata, exposure to cold, the puerperium, excesses, have been brought forward.

1921, Robert Bing, Charles Lewis Allen, A Textbook of Nervous Diseases: For Students and Practicing Physicians; In Thirty Lectures, page 84:

(obstetrics) The period of time lasting around a month immediately following childbirth, when the mother’s uterus shrinks back to its prepartum state.


sexually transmitted infection

en-noun

sexually transmitted infection (plural sexually transmitted infections)

sexually transmitted infections (plural)

sexually transmitted disease
sexually transmitted disease

(pathology) A sexually transmitted disease, with or without symptoms.

seksueel overdraagbare infectie

a sexually transmitted disease, with or without symptoms

zaxvorjuvannja ščo peredajetʹsja statevym šljaxom

захворювання що передається статевим шляхом


procaine

procaine (countable and uncountable, plural procaines)

from pro- (“acting as a substitute or deputy of”) + -caine.

con

(pharmacology) A synthetic compound derived from benzoic acid, used as a local anesthetic, especially in dentistry.


gene pool

(genetics) The complete set of unique alleles that would be found by inspecting the genetic material of every living member of a species or population.


transcutaneous

Transcutaneous measurement of oxygen is a helpful monitoring procedure.

(medicine) Penetrating, entering, passing through, or shining through the intact skin (as by light waves or sound waves); in contrast to percutaneous meaning through a disruption in the skin.


pledget

English dialect word for a small plug, using -et (“diminutive suffix”).

(medicine) A small flat absorbent pad of cotton or wool, used to medicate, drain, or protect a wound or sore.


pledget

en-verb

pledget (third-person singular simple present pledgets, present participle pledgeting or pledgetting, simple past and past participle pledgeted or pledgetted)

pledgets (present singular third-person)
pledgeting (participle present)
pledgetting (participle present)
pledgeted (participle past)
pledgeted (past)
pledgetted (participle past)
pledgetted (past)

(medicine, transitive) To apply a pledget to.


opioid

Attested 1963; from opium + -oid, to distinguish from opiate.

鴉片劑 /鸦片剂

A substance that has effects similar to opium:

(physiology) Any of the natural substances, such as an endorphin, released in the body in response to pain; an endogenous opioid.

(pharmacology) Any of a group of synthetic compounds that exhibit similarities to the opium alkaloids that occur in nature.


cross-dress

cross-dress (third-person singular simple present cross-dresses, present participle cross-dressing, simple past and past participle cross-dressed)

cross-dresses (present singular third-person)
cross-dressing (participle present)
cross-dressed (participle past)
cross-dressed (past)

/ˈkɹɔsˈdɹɛs/

/ˈkɹɒsˈdɹɛs/

Such DC are cross-dressed because they are wearing peptide-MHC complexes generated by other cells.

2006 November 1, Brian P. Dolan et al., “Dendritic Cells Cross-Dressed with Peptide MHC Class I Complexes Prime CD8+ T Cells”, in Journal of Immunology, volume 177, number 9, →DOI, pages 6018–6024:

(immunology) To display (on the surface of a dendritic cell) antigens produced by a different cell.


TAF

(genetics, microbiology) Initialism of TBP-associated factor.


spavined

en-adj

spavined (comparative more spavined, superlative most spavined)

more spavined (comparative)
most spavined (superlative)

From Late Middle English spaueyned, from spavein, spaveine (“swelling on horse’s leg causing lameness; disease causing lameness in horses”) + -ed (suffix forming adjectives; and the past tense and past participle forms of weak verbs). By surface analysis, spavin + -ed (suffix forming possessional adjectives from nouns, denoting having the objects represented by the nouns; and forming past tenses of regular verbs).

surf

Coordinate term: foundered

[H]e […] made a present to Andrew of a broken-winded and spavined poney, in order to enable him to pursue his journey.

1817 December 31 (indicated as 1818), [Walter Scott], chapter VI, in Rob Roy. […], volume II, Edinburgh: […] James Ballantyne and Co. for Archibald Constable and Co. […]; London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, →OCLC, page 115:

A horse-giver, no more than a horse-seller, has a right to palm his spavined article upon us for good ware. An equivalent is expected in either case; and, with my own good will, I would no more be cheated out of my thanks, than out of my money.

1833, Elia [pseudonym; Charles Lamb], “[Popular Fallacies.] XI. That We Must Not Look a Gift-Horse in the Mouth, […].”, in The Last Essays of Elia. […], London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, page 250:

[…] Mr. Thumble, […] had ridden over to Hogglestock on a poor spavined brute belonging to the bishop's stable, and which had once been the bishop's cob.

1867, Anthony Trollope, “The Bishop’s Angel”, in The Last Chronicle of Barset. […], volume I, London: Smith, Elder and Co., […], →OCLC, page 106:

As for the wonderful feats of horsemanship one hears of or sees among the Arabs, they are due to sharp spurs like razors, and to bits strong enough to break an animal's jaw. […] The favourite feat at their fantasias or fêtes of suddenly pulling up their horses short while at a hand-gallop, ruins their legs, and there is in consequence scarcely a horse to be seen whose hind-legs are not spavined.

1868, Mrs. H. Lloyd Evans, “Across the Atlas”, in Last Winter in Algeria, London: Chapman & Hall, […], →OCLC, page 100:

The Whig party was supposed to be broken in 1842. It was likened to the man who wished to sell his horse. A by-stander asked if the horse was not spavined? "Spavined! I don't know what that is; but if the horse is any better for being spavined, then he is spavined!"

1876, Samuel S[ullivan] Cox, “Legislative Anecdote—Continued”, in Why We Laugh, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers, […], →OCLC, page 281:

Into the vale from the north rode a stranger. He was mounted on a mangy, shovel-headed horse so spavined that it should have been unable to support his improbable bulk.

2010, Stephen R[eeder] Donaldson, Against All Things Ending (The Last Chronicles of Thomas Covenant; 3), New York, N.Y.: G[eorge] P[almer] Putnam’s Sons, →ISBN, page 54:

(farriery, veterinary medicine) Of a horse: having spavin (“a disease of horses caused by a bony swelling which develops in a leg due to inflammation”).


spillover

en-noun

spillover (countable and uncountable, plural spillovers)

We’re not establishing the kind of safe practices that will minimize the opportunity for spillover. If we better understood where these viruses are circulating and understood that ecology, we would have the potential to disrupt and minimize the risk of spillover.

2020 March 12, Kevin Berger, “The Man Who Saw the Pandemic Coming”, in Nautilus, archived from the original on 2020-03-15:

(epidemiology) The spread of infectious disease between different species of animal and particularly to humans.


hyperekplexia

From hyper- + Ancient Greek ἐκπληξία (ekplēxía, “amazement, terror”), from Ancient Greek ἔκπληξις (ékplēxis, “consternation”) + -ία (-ía, nominal suffix).

af

(pathology) A neurological disorder characterized by an exaggerated startle response in situations of distress.


premature birth

en-noun

premature birth (plural premature births)

(medicine) Childbirth occurring earlier than 37 completed weeks of gestation, but later than 20th week, which is regarded a miscarriage.

lindje e parakohshme

childbirth occurring earlier than 37 completed weeks of gestation


MSM

MSM (countable and uncountable, plural MSM or MSMs)

men who have sex with men
w:men who have sex with men

(epidemiology) Initialism of men who have sex with men.


potato blight

They say they used to give pauper children soup to change to protestants in the time of the potato blight.

1922 February, James Joyce, “[Episode 8]”, in Ulysses, Paris: Shakespeare and Company, […], →OCLC:

Phytophthora infestans
Phytophthora infestans#Translingual

(phytopathology) A devastating disease of potatoes caused by the oomycete Phytophthora infestans.

perunarutto

Phytophthora infestans, disease of potatoes


CIP

congenital insensitivity to pain#English

(pathology) Initialism of congenital insensitivity to pain.


bleeding time test

bleeding time test (plural bleeding time tests)

(medicine) A test used to assess the ability of a person's blood to clot, carried out by cutting the skin and measuring the time it takes for the resulting bleeding to stop.


bleeding time

(medicine) The time it takes for bleeding to stop in a bleeding time test.


clerkship

clerkship (countable and uncountable, plural clerkships)

(medicine) Clinical training for physicians during the second half of medical school.


calci-

(pharmacology) Used to form names of vitamin D analogs/derivatives.


calcinosis

(pathology) The abnormal deposition of calcium salts in the soft tissue of the body


clubfoot

At his lower extremities, he exhibited the deformity which is popularly known as "a club-foot." But he carried his lameness, as he carried his years, gayly.

1870, Wilkie Collins, chapter 2, in Man and Wife:

He stood still as much as he could, with his club-foot behind the other, so that it should not attract notice.

1915, William Somerset Maugham, chapter 12, in Of Human Bondage:

The cure developed by Dr. Ponseti in the 1950s relies on physical manipulation. In each step of the treatment, a child’s clubfoot is stretched and turned slightly outward, and a hip-to-foot plaster cast, like the ones shown in the photograph, is then applied.

2011 November 1, Barry Meier, “Finding Inspiration in a Doctor’s Legacy”, in New York Times, retrieved 2014-05-17:

(medicine) A congenital deformity of the foot in which the ankle, heel and toes are twisted.


osteoblast

From osteo- (“bone”) + -blast (“immature cell”).

confix

(biology, cytology) A mononucleate cell from which bone develops.


permeation

en-noun

permeation (countable and uncountable, plural permeations)

(medicine) The spreading of something (especially something malignant) through the body via blood vessels etc.


psoas

psoas (plural psoae or psoai or psoas or psoases)

psoae (plural)
psoai (plural)
psoas (plural)
psoases (plural)

From Ancient Greek ψόας (psóas, “of the muscle of the loins”), genitive singular of ψόα (psóa).

der

(anatomy) Either of two muscles, the psoas major and psoas minor, involved in flexion of the trunk.


pyloric stenosis

(pathology) A narrowing of the pylorus which prevents the normal passage of food from the stomach to the small intestine.


sagittal crest

(anatomy) A ridge of bone running lengthwise along the midline of the top of the skull (at the sagittal suture) in many mammals and primates


sublingual

Borrowed from New Latin sublinguālis, from sub- (“under, below, beneath”) + linguālis (“relating to the tongue”); equivalent to sub- + lingual.

sublingual

administered by placement beneath the tongue

Coordinate term: see list of routes of administration

(medicine) Administered through placement under the tongue.

разположен под езика

situated beneath the tongue — see also hypoglossal

(anatomy) Of or pertaining to the sublingual gland.


anterograde

From antero- + -grade (“direction”) from Latin gradus (“pace, step”).

Anterograde amnesia is a loss of the ability to create new memories after the event that caused the amnesia.

(medicine) Effective immediately after a traumatic event such as an external shock.

anterogradinen

medicine: taking place immediately after a traumatic event

Movement of mitochondria and other cell parts from a neuron's cell body toward the synapse is called anterograde transport.

Anterograde tracing is a research technique which is used to trace neural connections from their source to their point of termination. The opposite technique is retrograde tracing.

(medicine) Moving or occurring in the normal forward or downstream direction of.

anterogradinen

medicine: moving or occurring in the normal forward or downstream direction of


trypanocide

(medicine) Any drug used to control or kill trypanosomes.


ciliary

(anatomy, relational)
Of or pertaining to the eyelashes.

(anatomy, relational)
Of or pertaining to the eyelid.

ciliary muscles

(anatomy, relational)
Of or pertaining to the ciliary body.


retinal

From retina + -al (“of or pertaining to”).

(ophthalmology, relational) Of or pertaining to the retina.

intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cell

melanopsin-containing retinal ganglion cell


rod cell

(anatomy) Any of the cylindrical photoreceptor cells in the retina that function in dim light levels.

bastonet de la retina

any of the cylindrical photoreceptor cells in the retina


cone cell

(anatomy) Any of the photoreceptor cells in the retina that are responsible for colour vision in relatively bright light.


protanopia

en-noun

protanopia (usually uncountable, plural protanopias)

From proto- (“first (color)”) + an- (“without”) + -opia (“vision”).

(pathology) A form of color blindness. Involves a defect in distinguishing between red and green.


tritanopia

tritanopia (countable and uncountable, plural tritanopias)

From trito- (“third (color)”) + an- (“without”) + -opia (“vision”).

Tritanopia is an extremely rare hereditary condition corresponding to a loss in function of the short wavelength sensitive cones. To produce transient tritanopia, the eye of the normal observer is first strongly adapted to a yellow light that maximally adapts the pigment of the long and middle wavelength cones, but has relatively less influence on the short wavelength sensitive cones.

1990, T. E. Frumkes, “7: Classical and Modern Psychological Studies of Dark and Light Adaptation”, in K. Nicholas Leibovic, editor, Science of Vision, page 203:

1997, M. Alpern, K. Kitahara, D. H. Krantz, 9: Perception of Colour in Unilateral Tritanopia, Alex Byrne, David R. Hilbert (editors), Readings on Color, Volume 2: The Science of Color, page 231,
M. Alpern et. al 1983 gives results of colour matching and colour discrimination for each eye separately of a subject who acquired tritanopia in his left eye while remaining a normal trichromat with his right one.

People with an inborn blue-green blindness (tritanopia) may completely lack the function of these receptor cells.[…]The inheritance of inborn tritanopia is not sex-linked; the gene for the S-cone opsin is localized to chromosome 7.

2016, Daniel Kernell, Colours and Colour Vision: An Introductory Survey, page 167:

(ophthalmology) A form of color blindness in which the retina is deficient in or lacks cone cells containing opsins that respond to the color blue, resulting in an inability to distinguish blue from green.


coccidioidomycosis

coccidioidomycosis (countable and uncountable, plural coccidioidomycoses)

Rather better reported are figures for coccidioidomycosis, which is more commonly known as valley fever.

2019, Bill Bryson, The Body: A Guide for Occupants, Black Swan (2020), page 43:

(medicine) An infectious respiratory disease caused by inhalation of the fungus Coccidioides immitis.


fibromyalgia

fibromyalgia (countable and uncountable, plural fibromyalgias)

From fibro- (“tissue”) + my- (“muscle”) + -algia (“pain”).

confix

They have since used the approach to look at the brains of people with fibromyalgia, a mysterious syndrome that causes pain all over the body. Volunteers with fibromyalgia also had more active glial cells in their brains, although this time in the cerebellar cortex and the medulla – regions that are linked to movement and automatic functions like breathing and digestion.

2016 November 26, Jessica Hamzelou, “Hitting where it hurts”, in New Scientist, number 3101, page 36:

(medicine, pathology) A condition characterised by chronic pain, stiffness, and tenderness of the muscles, tendons, and joints.


blackwash

en-noun

blackwash (countable and uncountable, plural blackwashes)

From black + -wash or black + wash (depending on sense).

(medicine) A lotion made by mixing calomel and limewater.


teratogenesis

teratogenesis (countable and uncountable, plural teratogeneses)

congenital malformation
congenital malformation

(teratology) The development of congenital malformations.


teratogenicity

teratogenicity (countable and uncountable, plural teratogenicities)

(teratology) The capability to cause malformations or defects to an embryo or foetus.


teratologist

(teratology) A scientist specializing in teratology.


teratological

In Jack London's urban gothic, the city's teratological economy comes to light in grotesque animal allegories.

1998, Christophe Den Tandt, The Urban Sublime in American Literary Naturalism:

(teratology) Of or relating to teratology.

(teratology) Of abnormal growth or structure of a fetus or embryo.


bloodletting

From blood + letting, equal to bloodlet + -ing.

The pungent pain, dyspnœa, cephalalgia, redness of the face, pulsations of the heart, strong and rapid, the pulse full and vibrating, induced M. Peyrade, then attached to that hospital, to practise blood-letting in the arm. It was followed with marked relief.

1833, R. J. Bertin, translated by Charles W. Chauncy, Treatise on the Diseases of the Heart, and Great Vessels, Philadelphia: Carey, Lea & Blnachard, page 207:

(historical, medicine) The archaic practice of treating illness by removing some blood, believed to be tainted, from the stricken person.


teratogenetic

en-adj

teratogenetic (comparative more teratogenetic, superlative most teratogenetic)

more teratogenetic (comparative)
most teratogenetic (superlative)


Demerol

‘She must of^([sic]) grabbed some pills. There's half a dozen kinds up there – even demerol.’

1953, Raymond Chandler, The Long Goodbye, Penguin, published 2010, page 307:

“Anyway, when he came out of Patsy's room, I grabbed him by the arm and said, ‘Gee whiz, doc, haven't you got a couple of pills for me—even demerol?’ ” / Willie broke off to explain. “That's a synthetic. We call them demmies. If you can't buy H or M, why, demmies will do the trick.”

1956, Jess Stearn, Sisters of the Night: The Startling Story of Prostitution in New York Today, New York: Julian Messner, Inc., page 59:

Gately doesn’t miss weed much. The shocker-type AA Miracle is he doesn’t much miss the Demerol, either, today.

1996, David Foster Wallace, Infinite Jest […], Boston, Mass., New York, N.Y.: Little, Brown and Company, →ISBN, page 361:

(pharmacology) A marketed brand of the drug pethidine.


pethidine

en-noun

pethidine (countable and uncountable, plural pethidines)

Inside was a clutter of prescription pads and a carton containing a collection of diamorphine syrettes and a dozen ampoules of pethidine.

2000, JG Ballard, Super-Cannes, Fourth Estate, published 2011, page 125:

(pharmacology) A synthetic compound used as a painkilling drug, especially for women in labor.


isonipecaine

(pharmacology) The opioid analgesic drug pethidine.


meperidine

meperidine (countable and uncountable, plural meperidines)

(pharmacology) The United States Adopted Name of pethidine.


pyknolepsy

(medicine) A form of epilepsy in which the sufferer experiences frequent brief attacks.


neuroectoderm

(anatomy) The region of the ectoderm of an embryo that develops into the central nervous system and other nervous tissue


mesenchyme

mesenchyme (countable and uncountable, plural mesenchymes)

Late 19th c.: from meso- (“cellular tissue”) + -enchyme (from parenchyma).

(anatomy) That part of the mesoderm of an embryo that develops into connective tissue, bone, cartilage, etc


placode

The placodes are localized thickenings of the cephalic surface ectoderm. Each placode is formed from a group of cells which gives rise to a specific organ with a given specialized function.

1974, Herbert Tuchmann-Duplessis, G. David, P. Haegel, Illustrated Human Embryology, Volumes 1-3, Springer, page 94:

1978, Charles Russell Bardeen, Irving Hardesty, John Lewis Bremer, Edward Allen Boyden (editors), The Anatomical Record, Volume 191, A. R. Liss, page 450,
The neural crest cell bodies become more distant from the placode, but their cell processes permeate the increasingly fibrillar extracellular matrix subjacent to the placode.

Following neurulation, the placodes are first visible as thickenings of columnar epithelium in the non-neural ectoderm, which will go on to form the paired sense organs (olfactory, otic, and lateral line placodes), the lens of the eye (lens placode), the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (adenohypophyseal placode) and essential components of some ganglia (epibranchial and trigeminal placodes).

2008, Roderick Nigel Finn, B. G. Kapoor, editors, Fish Larval Physiology, Taylor & Francis, page 15:

(biology, anatomy, comparative anatomy) A platelike thickening of the epithelial layer of an embryo from which an organ, especially a sense organ, develops.


hapten

Early 20th century: from German Hapten, from Ancient Greek ἅπτειν (háptein, “to fasten”).

der

(immunology) Any small molecule that can elicit an immune response only when attached to a large carrier such as a protein.


haptenic

(immunology) Of or pertaining to a hapten


autoregulatory loop

en-noun

autoregulatory loop (plural autoregulatory loops)

(genetics) Part of a protein that allows it to regulate its own genetic expression.


ophryon

From Ancient Greek ὀφρύς (ophrús, “brow”) + -(i)on.

(anatomy) The point in the brow just above the optic foramen, or eyesocket, and glabella.


oxygen pulse

(physiology) Oxygen uptake per heartbeat at rest.


subperiosteal

(anatomy) Situated under the periosteum.


predictive

en-adj

predictive (comparative more predictive, superlative most predictive)

more predictive (comparative)
most predictive (superlative)

Borrowed from Latin praedictivus, from praedico. Equivalent to predict + -ive.

(medicine) Expressing the expected accuracy of a statistical measure or of a diagnostic test.


quadriceps tendon

en-noun

quadriceps tendon (plural quadriceps tendons)

(anatomy) In human anatomy, a tendon that connects the quadriceps femoris muscles to the superior aspects of the patella on the anterior of the thigh.


marker gene

(genetics) A gene with a known location in a chromosome; used to track the insertion of DNA into organisms


salivary gland

(anatomy) Any of several exocrine glands that produce saliva to break down carbohydrates in food enzymatically.

غُدّة لُعَابِيّة

any of exocrine glands producing saliva to break down carbohydrates in food enzymatically


diphenhydramine

diphenhydramine (countable and uncountable, plural diphenhydramines)

From diphen(yl) + (benz)hydr(yl) + -amine.

Diphenhydramine is a convenient and cheap antihistamine for use, but there are other drugs that do not make the user tired.

acetylcholine receptor
acetylcholine receptor

(pharmacology) An antihistamine and anticholinergic drug that blocks the effect of histamine at H₁ receptor sites, relieving allergy symptoms. It also reduces smooth muscle contraction, increases heart rate, and sedates the user by blocking muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs).


Hippocratic oath

Hippocratic oath (plural Hippocratic oaths)

Technology doesn't have a Hippocratic oath.

2019, Edward Snowden, Permanent Record, page 182:

(medicine) An oath sworn by newly-qualified physicians that they will observe the medical ethics that derived from Hippocrates.


token economy

operant conditioning
operant conditioning

(psychology, psychiatry) A system of behavior modification based on the principles of operant conditioning; patients are rewarded with tokens (reinforcers) for engaging in desirable activities.


renal angle

(anatomy) An area located on either side of the human back between the lateral borders of the erector spinae muscles and inferior borders of the twelfth rib, so called because the kidney can be felt at this location.


morning sickness

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-morning sickness.wav

(medicine) Early morning nausea and vomiting as a symptom of pregnancy.


geriatrician

(medicine) A medical doctor specialising in the assessment and treatment of elderly people.


psychogeriatrician

(medicine) A psychiatrist subspecialising in the assessment and treatment of elderly people.

psicogeriatra

psychiatrist subspecialising in elderly people


hematocrit

hematocrit (countable and uncountable, plural hematocrits)

From hemato- (“blood”) + Ancient Greek κριτής (kritḗs, “judge, umpire”), literally “to separate blood”, coined by Swedish physiologist Magnus Blix in 1891.

coin

(medicine) The percentage (by volume) of packed red blood cells in a centrifuged sample of blood.

(medicine, countable) A centrifuge used to analyze the relative amount of red blood cells and plasma in blood.


jungle fever

(medicine) Any of several tropical diseases, but especially malaria.


neocortex

en-noun

neocortex (plural neocortices or neocortexes)

neocortices (plural)
neocortexes (plural)

(neuroanatomy) The top layer of the cerebral hemispheres in the brain of mammals; part of the cerebral cortex.


birth defect

(medicine) Any of several medical disorders that are present at birth.

先天缺陷

any of several medical disorders that are present at birth


constructiveness

(phrenology) Creativity, the capacity to invent.


von Willebrand's disease

Named after Erik Adolf von Willebrand, a Finnish physician who first described the disease in 1926.

"Von Willebrand's disease is an autosomally transmitted disorder of hemostasis caused by a deficiency of or defect in the von Willebrand factor in the blood, a protein required for adherence of platelets to an injured vessel wall." - D. Green. Von Willebrand's disease. Postgraduate Medicine. 1980 Mar;67(3):241-5, 248. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=6965541

(medicine) An hereditary disease, characterized by a tendency to hemorrhage, and caused by a defect in blood platelet activity.


pleurotomy

(medicine) the surgical incision of the pleura.


ion channelopathy

ion channelopathy (countable and uncountable, plural ion channelopathies)

(medicine) Any of several inherited diseases in which alterations in the control of ion conductance through the central pore of ion channels impair cell functions.


centroblast

Therefore we proposed the term centroblast instead of germinoblast and the term centrocyte instead of germinocyte.

1975, K Lennert, “Morphology and classification of malignant lymphomas and so-called reticuloses”, in Malignant Lymphomas of the Nervous System:

secondary lymphoid follicle
secondary lymphoid follicle

follicular dendritic cell
follicular dendritic cell

(anatomy) An activated B cell that is enlarged with multiple eccentric nucleoli and proliferating in the germinal center of a secondary lymphoid follicle, after stimulation by follicular dendritic cell cytokines and helper T cells.


centrocyte

follicular center cell
follicular center cell

(anatomy) Any follicular center cell that has a nuclear cleft


limbic system

orbitofrontal cortex
orbitofrontal cortex

parahippocampal gyrus
parahippocampal gyrus

(neuroanatomy) Part of the human brain involved in emotion, motivation, and emotional association with memory; includes amygdala, cingulate gyrus, fornicate gyrus, hippocampus, hypothalamus, mammillary body, nucleus accumbens, orbitofrontal cortex and parahippocampal gyrus.


blastula

blastula (plural blastulas or blastulae)

From New Latin blastula, diminutive of Ancient Greek βλαστός (blastós, “a germ, bud, sprout, shoot”), from βλαστάνω (blastánō, “to bud, sprout, grow, properly of plants, but also of animals”).

der

(embryology) An early form in the development of an embryo, consisting of a spherical layer of cells filled with fluid; a blastosphere.

blastula

an early form in the development of an embryo


tinman

In allusion to the character Tin Man from the Land of Oz, who lacked a heart.

Tinman belongs to a special class of genes. [...] But some genes make proteins that control other genes. Some act like master switches, triggering many different genes to work together to build a structure. Tinman is one such “master gene” for the fruit fly.

2000, Carl Zimmer, “The Hidden Unity of Hearts”, in Natural History, volume 109, number 3, archived from the original on 2009-01-07, pages 56–61:

Drosophila melanogaster
Drosophila melanogaster#Translingual

(genetics) A master gene in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, whose absence causes the fly to develop without a heart.


booster

When did you get your last tetanus booster?

In the September vaccine monitor survey from the Kaiser Family Foundation, 71 percent of unvaccinated respondents said the need for boosters indicated that the vaccines were not working.

2021 October 11, Jan Hoffman, “Boosters Are Complicating Efforts to Persuade the Unvaccinated to Get Shots”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:


booster

en-verb

booster (third-person singular simple present boosters, present participle boostering, simple past and past participle boostered)

boosters (present singular third-person)
boostering (participle present)
boostered (participle past)
boostered (past)

"Hey guys, on the first day of our holiday break I tested positive for Covid. I was vaccinated and boostered which made me lucky enough to only have mild symptoms," he wrote beside a photo that showed him sitting alone inside a testing room wearing a mask.

2022 January 3, Joelle Goldstein, “Jimmy Fallon Reveals He Tested Positive for COVID: 'I Was Vaccinated and Boostered'”, in People:

What I would prefer over hazard pay would be for every one of our patients to get vaccinated and boostered, as we request constantly. That would be what would make me happy.

2022 January 11, Jessica Jacob, “Health Workers, ‘Risking Their Own Lives to Save Ours’”, in The New York Times:

(transitive, medicine) To give a booster shot to; to boost.


cephalalgia

en-noun

cephalalgia (countable and uncountable, plural cephalalgias)

/ˌsɛfəˈlæld͡ʒə/

Borrowed from Ancient Greek κεφαλαλγίᾱ (kephalalgíā). By surface analysis, cephal- + -algia.

The pungent pain, dyspnœa, cephalalgia, redness of the face, pulsations of the heart, strong and rapid, the pulse full and vibrating, induced M. Peyrade, then attached to that hospital, to practise blood-letting in the arm. It was followed with marked relief.

(medicine) A pain in the head; headache.


scut

scut (countable and uncountable, plural scuts)

Uncertain; perhaps related to scut (“contemptible person”): see etymology 2.

There's no question that it's sexist. [Female residents] are berated more on rounds, given more scut to do.

1999, Patricia L. Dawson, Forged by the Knife: The Experience of Surgical Residency from the Perspective of a Woman of Color, Seattle, Wash.: Open Hand Pub., →ISBN, page 100:

(medicine, slang) Some menial procedure left for a doctor or medical student to complete, sometimes for training purposes.


narcoanalysis

narcoanalysis (countable and uncountable, plural narcoanalyses)

He had a set of chains in his room that he said he used with his psychoanalyst; they were experimenting with narcoanalysis and found that Old Bull had seven separate personalities, each growing worse and worse on the way down, till finally he was a raving idiot and had to be restrained with chains.

1957, Jack Kerouac, On the Road, Viking Press, →OCLC:

(medicine) A form of psychotherapy in which the patient is administered drugs in order to attain a sleeplike state.

narcoanàlisi

psychotherapy which uses drugs to induce a sleeplike state


bursitis

bursitis (countable and uncountable, plural bursitides or bursitises)

(medicine) An inflammation of a bursa, most common in the shoulder, elbow or knee


clanging

clanging (countable and uncountable, plural clangings)

(psychology, psychiatry) A mode of speech (or writing) characterized by compulsive association of words based upon sound rather than meaning.


amenorrhoeic

/eɪˌmɛnəˈɹiːɪk/

(medicine) Pertaining to the suppression of menstruation other than during pregnancy

amenorreico

pertaining to or suffering from amenorrhoea


amenorrhoea

amenorrhoea (usually uncountable, plural amenorrhoeae or amenorrhoeas)

amenorrhoeae (plural)
amenorrhoeas (plural)

/əˌmɛnəˈɹiːə/

/ˌeɪmɛnəˈɹiːə/

Via New Latin from Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-, “not”) + μήν (mḗn, “month”) + -ροια (-roia, “flowing”).

af

(medicine) Absence of menstrual discharge.


spontaneous pneumothorax

en-noun

spontaneous pneumothorax (plural spontaneous pneumothoraces)

(pathology) A pulmonary condition resulting in the collection of air within the chest, which occurs absent traumatic injury. Spontaneous Pneumothorax are considered a medical emergency, generally requiring assistive radiographic evaluation to determine the extent of lung collapse, as well as determine the most appropriate course of emergency medical treatment for the patient. Abbreviated as SP.


communicable

en-adj

communicable (comparative more communicable, superlative most communicable)

more communicable (comparative)
most communicable (superlative)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-communicable.wav

From Old French communicable, Latin communicabilis.

(but the last two are not interchangeable in formal registers)

(epidemiology, of a disease) Able to be transmitted between people or animals.

přenosný

able to be transmitted between people or species