imprinted

imprinted (comparative more imprinted, superlative most imprinted)

more imprinted (comparative)
most imprinted (superlative)

The inference is that there is an imprinted' gene somewhere on the X chromosome, which is normally switched on only on the paternal copy and that this gene somehow enhances the development of social adjustment [...].

1999, Matt Ridley, Genome, Harper Perennial, published 2004, page 217:

(genetics) Produced by or exhibiting imprinting; showing distinction by its origin from the paternal or maternal genome.


absentia epileptica

Borrowed from Latin absentia (“absence”).

(medicine) A momentary lapse of consciousness; a minor epileptic seizure.


telomere

/ˈtiːləmɪəɹ/

2004, Peter M. Lansdorp, 11: Telomeres and Telomere Regulation, Robert Paul Lanza (editor), Handbook of Stem Cells, Volume 2: Adult and Fetal Stem Cells, page 127,
Chromosome ends or telomeres are composed of guanine-rich repeat sequences and associated proteins. A minimum number of repeats is essential for proper telomere function and to avoid sustained activation of DNA damage pathways that may result in replicative senescence or cell death.

It has been known for some time that when cells divide, causing chromosomes to duplicate, telomeres get shorter. The more a cell divides, then, the shorter the telomeres become.

2005, Cara Birrittieri, What Every Woman Should Know about Fertility and Her Biological Clock, page 51:

Previous studies have examined telomere lengths as an indirect measure of aging in cloned animals. Sheep were reported to have shorter telomeres suggestive of premature aging while cattle had either age-appropriate or longer telomeres.

2007, Peter Sutovsky, Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer, page 78:

(genetics) Either of the sequences of DNA at each end of a eukaryotic chromosome.

端粒

either of the sequences of DNA at each end of a eukaryotic chromosome


telomerase

(biochemistry, genetics) An enzyme in eukaryotic cells that adds a specific sequence of DNA to the telomeres of chromosomes after they divide; gives the chromosomes stability over time.


telocentric

(genetics) (of a chromosome) having the centromere at one end


telogen

(medicine, dermatology) A resting phase of the follicle in the cycle of hair growth.


heterochromia

en-noun

heterochromia (countable and uncountable, plural heterochromias)

(medicine, ophthalmology) An anatomical condition in which multiple pigmentations or colorings occur in the eyes, skin or hair.


rebase

en-verb

rebase (third-person singular simple present rebases, present participle rebasing, simple past and past participle rebased)

rebases (present singular third-person)
rebasing (participle present)
rebased (participle past)
rebased (past)

(dentistry) To replace the base of a denture.


saxifragous

en-adj

saxifragous (comparative more saxifragous, superlative most saxifragous)

more saxifragous (comparative)
most saxifragous (superlative)

Latin saxifragus (“stone-breaking”), from saxum (“stone”) + frangere (“to break”).

1646, Sir Thomas Browne, Pseudodoxia Epidemica or Enquries into very many received tenets and commonly presumed truths
it came to be ordered that the Goat should be fed with saxifragous herbes, and such as are conceived of power to breake the stone.

1677, William Hughes, The man of sin: or a discourse of popery
I have six or seven Instances more, ... which will make such a Saxifragous Dose, that no scruple can stand before it.

(obsolete, medicine) Dissolving bladder stones.


gluteal

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-gluteal.wav

These [boys being groomed as prostitutes] are sold by their parents (sometimes stolen from them), about the age of 4, and educated, while they are also subjected to a special physical training, which includes massage of the gluteal regions to favor development, dilatation of the anus, and epilation (which is not, however, practised by Chinese women).

1927, Havelock Ellis, Studies in the Psychology of Sex, Volume 2 (of 6):


gluteal

(anatomy) Any of the muscles of the buttocks, gluteus maximus, gluteus medius and gluteus minimus


combination product

en-noun

combination product (plural combination products)

(US, medicine) A product composed of two or more regulated components, i.e., drug/device, biologic/device, drug/biologic, or drug/device/biologic, that are physically, chemically, or otherwise combined as a single entity.


eutrophic

en-adj

eutrophic (comparative more eutrophic, superlative most eutrophic)

more eutrophic (comparative)
most eutrophic (superlative)

From Ancient Greek εὖ (eû) + τροφικός (trophikós), literally “well-nourished”; equivalent to eu- + trophic.


naupathia

From Greek ναυς (naus) ‘ship’ and πάθος (pathos) ‘suffering’.


speckle

en-noun

speckle (countable and uncountable, plural speckles)

The noun is from Middle Dutch spekkel; the verb was later coined from the noun, in the late 16th century.

(cytology) A cluster of interchromatin granules in a nucleus.


pharmacopeic

(American spelling, pharmacology, pharmacy) Alternative spelling of pharmacopoeic


hypertonic

en-adj

hypertonic (comparative more hypertonic, superlative most hypertonic)

more hypertonic (comparative)
most hypertonic (superlative)

(anatomy) Having a very high muscular tension; spastic.


anhedonic

anhedonic (comparative more anhedonic, superlative most anhedonic)

more anhedonic (comparative)
most anhedonic (superlative)

Briefly, the anhedonic syndrome is manifested, first, by the disappearance or impairment of the appetite for food and drink and by failure to experience the corresponding satisfactions. [...] Thirdly, the appetite or desire for rest and the satisfaction of recuperation are also involved in the anhedonic syndrome.

1944, Abraham Myerson, Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry, Chicago, Ill.: American Medical Association, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 497, column 1:

The anhedonic depressed child creates special problems. He or she is bored most of the time, as he or she does not derive normal levels of pleasure from things, and the breadth of pleasurable events is rduced. The anhedonic youngster seems just to go through the motions of treatment.

1990, Kevin D. Stark, “Implementation Issues in Treatment”, in Childhood Depression: School-based Intervention (The Guildford School Practitioner Series), New York, N.Y.: Guilford Press, →ISBN, page 104:

Students are aware that if they don't attend for weeks on end, and/or they don't produce any work, they will not face meaningful sanction. They typically respond to this freedom not by pursuing projects but by falling into hedonic (or anhedonic) lassitude: the soft narcosis, the comfort food oblivion of Playstation,^([sic]) all-night TV and marijuana.

2009, Mark Fisher, “Reflexive Impotence, Immobilization and Liberal Communism”, in Capitalist Realism: Is There No Alternative?, Ropley, Hampshire: O Books, John Hunt Publishing, →ISBN, page 23:

Longing, officious, anhedonic, pleading. Anna tried to make a list of every mood she'd ever been in but ran out of words before even half of her feelings were named.

2015, Jill Alexander Essbaum, Hausfrau: A Novel, New York, N.Y.: Random House, →ISBN, page 123:

(psychiatry, also figuratively) Showing anhedonia; having no capacity to feel pleasure.


anhedonic

[P]hysical anhedonics may not pay attention to tone stimuli (and therefore do not give SC [skin conductance] responses) because such subjects are identified on the basis of lacking pleasure and interest in physical events. As such, nonresponding in physical anhedonics may indicate validity for the way physical anhedonia is measured, but may not reflect a factor of etiologic significance.

1995, Adrian Raine, Todd Lencz, Deana S. Benishay, “Schizotypal Personality and Skin Conductance Orienting”, in Adrian Raine, Todd Lencz, Sarnoff A. Mednick, editors, Schizotypal Personality, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, part III (Assessment), page 231:

The anhedonic can still speak about happiness and meaning et al., but she has become incapable of feeling anything in them, of understanding anything about them, of hoping anything about them, or of believing them to exist as anything more than concepts. Everything has become an outline of the thing. Objects become schemata. The world becomes a map of the world. An anhedonic can navigate, but has no location. I.e. the anhedonic becomes, in the lingo of Boston AA, Unable To Identify.

1996, David Foster Wallace, Infinite Jest […], Boston, Mass., New York, N.Y.: Little, Brown and Company, →ISBN, page 693:

An anhedonic who impulsively seeks out social contact with others may be actin in response to his mental condition, but he tends to be less beholden to his condition during the process of actual socialization itself. [...] While an anhedonic will typically be shy and less than the center of any gathering, a manic can often be charming, talkative, and charismatic, with the hallmark that the self-aggrandizement is often tinged with delusions and distortions.

2014, David Coleman, “1980s–1990s: The Burgeoning Diversity of Depressive Expressionism”, in The Bipolar Express: Manic Depression and the Movies, Lanham, Md., Plymouth, Devon: Rowman & Littlefield, →ISBN, pages 216–217:

(psychiatry) A person who has anhedonia.


chignon

Borrowed from French chignon circa 1780, when the hairstyle was in fashion.

(medicine) A temporary swelling on a neonate's head after a ventouse-assisted delivery.


acheiropody

(medicine) A congenital abnormality in which the person affected lacks hands and feet


gametogenesis

(cytology) The process by which gametes are produced.


sporogenesis

en-noun

sporogenesis (usually uncountable, plural sporogeneses)

(cytology) The process by which spores are produced.


spastic tetraplegia

(medicine) The loss of most motor function in all four limbs, normally caused by brain stem injury.


ephedrine

ephedrine (countable and uncountable, plural ephedrines)

The great advantage of ephedrine is its effectiveness if taken as a pill, whereas adrenaline works only if injected or inhaled.

2003, Samuel H. Barondes, chapter 5, in Better than Prozac, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 63:

(biochemistry, pharmacology) A crystalline alkaloid drug C₁₀H₁₅NO obtained from a Chinese ephedra (Ephedra sinica) or synthesized that has the physiological action of epinephrine. It causes constriction of the blood vessels and widening of the bronchial passages and is used in the form of its hydrochloride or sulfate to relieve asthma and hay fever.


epithelial

These included multilobular consolidation with histiological lesions of bronchiolitis with epithelial necrosis and syncytia [14 ].

2015 November 17, “Single Pathogen Challenge with Agents of the Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(anatomy) Of or pertaining to the epithelium.


electroshock

electroshock (countable and uncountable, plural electroshocks)

Although California has the toughest laws in the country regulating electroshock and requiring patient consent, due to the pressures from the medical lobby these have never been enforced. The procedure is extremely lucrative for the doctors who use it.

1983 April 9, John Kyper, “Nineteen Arrested In Berkeley Shock Protest”, in Gay Community News, page 3:

As he awaited the third series of electroshocks in late October 1943, Artaud recalled the accident to Ferdière: 'The electroshock therapy has caused me to suffer terribly, and I beg you to spare me another suffering.'

2016, David A. Shafer, Antonin Artaud, Reaktion Books, →ISBN:

Electroconvulsive therapy
electroconvulsive therapy


electroshock

en-verb

electroshock (third-person singular simple present electroshocks, present participle electroshocking, simple past and past participle electroshocked)

electroshocks (present singular third-person)
electroshocking (participle present)
electroshocked (participle past)
electroshocked (past)

(medicine) To administer electroconvulsive therapy.


root canal

(anatomy) The hollow part of the root of a tooth, containing the nerve and blood vessels.

(dentistry) A surgical operation on a root canal, typically filling it with gutta-percha.


riflip

(genetics) A section of DNA whose length varies among individuals and which is delimited by a base which does not occur within it.


green-blind

(physiology) Unable to see the colour green because of an inability of the retinae to respond to that light of that colour.


proprioceptor

Coined by English neurophysiologist Charles Sherrington in 1906, originally in the spelling proprio-ceptor, from proprius + clipped receptor.

coin

(anatomy) A nerve ending that functions as a sensory receptor in muscles, tendons, joints and the inner ear; they respond to movement and position


TNF

tumor necrosis factor
tumor necrosis factor#English

(medicine) Initialism of tumor necrosis factor.


en-noun

CD4 (countable and uncountable, plural CD4s)

Initialism of cluster of differentiation type 4.

initialism

(countable, uncountable, immunology) A glycoprotein found on the surface of helper T cells and several other types of immune cells.

In short, while CD4 counts can tell you where you are now, the viral load tells you where you are going.

1996 September, Louise Rice, “New Knowledges, New Treatments, New Hope”, in Gay Community News, page 5:

(countable, immunology) A CD4+ helper T cell.


upregulation

en-noun

upregulation (countable and uncountable, plural upregulations)

(genetics) The process, in the regulation of gene expression, in which the number, or activity of receptors increases in order to increase sensitivity


downregulation

downregulation (countable and uncountable, plural downregulations)

(genetics) The process, in the regulation of gene expression, in which the number, or activity of receptors decreases in order to decrease sensitivity


PCP

PCP (countable and uncountable, plural PCPs)

The lab had reported on Jane's disease, and the doctors were confident that they could treat it. She had PCP, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, which strikes patients with depressed immune systems—notably victims of ALL or AIDS.

2005, Donald Hall, The Best Day the Worst Day: Life with Jane Kenyon, Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, →ISBN, page 76:

pneumocystis pneumonia
pneumocystis pneumonia#English

(medicine) Abbreviation of pneumocystis pneumonia.


opsonization

opsonization (countable and uncountable, plural opsonizations)

(immunology) The process or result of opsonizing


cinchona

cinchona (countable and uncountable, plural cinchonas)

From New Latin cinchona, from Spanish Chinchón. Named by Carl Linnaeus after Ana de Osorio, 4th Countess of Chinchón (1599–1625), the wife of the Spanish Viceroy of Peru, who was allegedly cured of a fever by the bark.

named-after

Luis Jerónimo de Cabrera, 4th Count of Chinchón#Quinine

(medicine) Any medicine chiefly composed of the prepared bark of these plants.


ductless gland

(anatomy) Any gland that secretes hormones directly into the bloodstream; especially the endocrine gland


cannabidiol

cannabidiols (plural)
as CBD (abbreviation)

Coordinate term: tetrahydrocannabinol

We’re aware of the growing public interest in cannabis and cannabis-derived products, including cannabidiol (CBD). This increasing public interest in these products makes it even more important with the passage of this law for the FDA to clarify its regulatory authority over these products.

2018 December 20, U.S. Food, Drug Administration, “Statement from FDA Commissioner Scott Gottlieb, M.D., on signing of the Agriculture Improvement Act and the agency’s regulation of products containing cannabis and cannabis-derived compounds”, in fda.gov:

Cannabis sativa
Cannabis sativa#Translingual

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) A nonintoxicating cannabinoid found in the hemp plant Cannabis sativa.


dyscalculia

en-noun

dyscalculia (countable and uncountable, plural dyscalculias)

→ Norwegian Bokmål: dyskalkuli

From dys- (from Ancient Greek δυσ- (dus-, “bad”)) + calculate (from Latin calculare).

af

from Ancient Greek <i class="Polyt mention" lang="grc">δυσ-</i> (dus-, “bad”)

from Latin <i class="Latn mention" lang="la">calculare</i>

Some educators think requiring students with dyscalculia to study math in high school is a mistake because the dyscalculic students are unlikely to be capable of learning math.

(pathology) A learning disability characterized by significantly below average mathematical ability.


phencyclidine

en-noun

phencyclidine (countable and uncountable, plural phencyclidines)

(pharmacology) A synthetic compound derived from piperidine, used as a veterinary anesthetic and in hallucinogenic drugs such as angel dust.

fensyklidiini

veterinary anesthetic, used illegally in humans as a hallucinogen


warfarin

warfarin (countable and uncountable, plural warfarins)

From Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation + (coum)arin.

af

(pharmacology) A coumarin salt, warfarin sodium, found in certain clovers, that retards blood coagulation:

Manufactured as a pharmaceutical drug and used in low dosage, with regular monitoring, for the prevention of thrombosis and embolism.

Manufactured as a chemical, used in high dosage as a pesticide.

In the case of pathological hypercoagulative conditions such as thrombosis and embolism, 4-hydroxycoumarin based oral anticoagulants, including warfarin as a well-known example, are administered to block the enzymatic function of VKORC1, effectively diminishing turnover of the vitamin K cycle.

2015 July 29, Carville G. Bevans et al., “Phylogeny of the Vitamin K 2,3-Epoxide Reductase (VKOR) Family and Evolutionary Relationship to the Disulfide Bond Formation Protein B (DsbB) Family”, in Nutrients, volume 7, →DOI:


brodifacoum

(toxicology) A highly lethal anticoagulant poison used as a rodenticide.


salbutamol

From sal- (“salicylic acid derivative”) + but(yl)am(ino) + -ol.

The blue inhaler contained a medication called salbutamol, which was only ever to be used when you felt wheezy or short of breath.

2020, Dr Amir Khan, The Doctor Will See You Now, Ebury Press (2021), page 236:

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

(pharmacology) A synthetic beta-agonist bronchodilator related to aspirin, administered in the form of its sulfate (C₁₃H₂₁NO₃)₂·H₂SO₄ as an inhalational aerosol or as a tablet to treat bronchospasm associated especially with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. It is marketed under the trademarks Combivent, Proventil and Ventolin.


albuterol

From (s)al(icylic acid) + -buterol (“phenethylamine derivative”).


INN

(pharmacology) Initialism of international nonproprietary name.


salbutamol sulphate

(pharmacology) The sulphate salt form of salbutamol used in the treatment of asthma via inhalation.


polycentric

en-adj

polycentric (comparative more polycentric, superlative most polycentric)

more polycentric (comparative)
most polycentric (superlative)

(genetics) (of a chromosome, etc) Having multiple central parts


polycentric

(genetics) A chromosome, etc. having multiple central parts.


PCN

en-noun

PCN (countable and uncountable, plural PCNs)

(pharmacology) Abbreviation of penicillin.

(medicine) Initialism of primary care network.

(medicine) Abbreviation of percutaneous nephrostomy.


keratotomy

(medicine) A surgical incision in the cornea.


polycystic

en-adj

polycystic (comparative more polycystic, superlative most polycystic)

more polycystic (comparative)
most polycystic (superlative)


polygene

(genetics) A group of nonallelic genes that act together to produce phenotype variations


substrates

(health) The calorie dense nutrients including carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.


thyrotoxicosis

en-noun

thyrotoxicosis (countable and uncountable, plural thyrotoxicoses)

(medicine) The medical condition caused by the state of raised levels of thyroid hormone.


polypnea

polypnea (usually uncountable, plural polypneas)

(medicine) Deep and rapid breathing; panting.


polyposis

(pathology) A hereditary disease characterised by numerous polyps that erupt in various parts of the body, especially the colon


polytypic

en-adj

polytypic (comparative more polytypic, superlative most polytypic)

more polytypic (comparative)
most polytypic (superlative)

From Ancient Greek πολῠ- (polŭ-) + τῠπῐκός (tŭpĭkós). By surface analysis, poly- + type + -ic.

(immunology) of an antibody response, involving several antibodies


polyuria

en-noun

polyuria (usually uncountable, plural polyurias)

(pathology) The production of an abnormally large amount of urine; one symptom of diabetes


shin splint

(medicine) A painful inflammation of the muscles in the shins, especially frequent in runners; (more loosely) a painful condition in the shins.

beenvliesontsteking

painful inflammation of muscles in the shins


URTI

upper respiratory tract
upper respiratory tract#English

(medicine) Initialism of upper respiratory tract infection.


chiropody

From chiro (“hand”) + pod- (“foot”) + -y.

(medicine) The branch of medicine concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the feet (and formerly the hands).


RA

rheumatoid arthritis
rheumatoid arthritis#English

(medicine) Initialism of rheumatoid arthritis.

(anatomy, medicine) Initialism of right atrium.


aphasic

en-adj

aphasic (comparative more aphasic, superlative most aphasic)

more aphasic (comparative)
most aphasic (superlative)

... groups of dancers were wheeling, plunging, and gesticulating while the ogre, more aphasic than before, mumbled at full strength ...

1954, Kingsley Amis, chapter 12, in Lucky Jim:

(speech pathology) Affected by, or pertaining to, aphasia.


aphasic

(speech pathology) One who is afflicted by symptoms of aphasia.

失语症

one who is afflicted by symptoms of aphasia


hyperpnea

en-noun

hyperpnea (usually uncountable, plural hyperpneas)

(medicine) Deep and rapid respiration that occurs normally after exercise or abnormally with fever or various disorders.


chronic cellular dehydration

chronic cellular dehydration (uncountable)

(medicine, biology) The condition of individual cells in a patient suffering from chronic dehydration.


extracellular matrix

extracellular matrix (plural extracellular matrices)

connective tissue
connective tissue#English

(anatomy, cytology, histology) All the microscopic fibres and other molecular structures that are produced by a particular type of cell but are not part of it (that is, that lie outside its cell membrane), providing support to the cells and often serving as a co-constituent of the tissue that they constitute, especially a connective tissue.


nervine

(medicine) Having the quality of acting upon or affecting the nerves; quieting nervous excitement.


serial interval

serial interval (plural serial intervals)

(pathology) In epidemiology of communicable (infectious) diseases, the time period between the onset of symptoms with the primary patient and the onset of symptoms with the secondary patient (infected by primary).


bone scan

(medicine) An X-ray of bone taken after injection of radioactive material that accumulates there and reveals its structure.


eccentric contraction

eccentric contraction (plural eccentric contractions)

(anatomy) The tensioning of a muscle as it is being lengthened


FDC

follicular dendritic cell
follicular dendritic cell#English

(anatomy) Initialism of follicular dendritic cell.

(pharmacology) Initialism of fixed-dose combination.


gastrectomy

From international scientific vocabulary, reflecting New Latin combining forms: gastr- + -ectomy, from Ancient Greek γαστήρ (gastḗr).

(surgery) Removal or partial removal of the stomach

classical compound
international scientific vocabulary


arthritic

en-adj

arthritic (comparative more arthritic, superlative most arthritic)

more arthritic (comparative)
most arthritic (superlative)

/ɑː(ɹ)θˈɹɪtɪk/

From Latin arthriticus (“gouty, arthritic”), from Ancient Greek.

Her arthritic wrists bothered her most in the winter.

(pathology) Of, or affected by arthritis.


arrhythmic

arrhythmic (comparative more arrhythmic, superlative most arrhythmic)

more arrhythmic (comparative)
most arrhythmic (superlative)

(pathology) Suffering from cardiac arrhythmia.


anticancer

Mitomycin C is an anticancer drug, and may be administered as part of chemotherapy.

(oncology) That is used to treat cancer.


gladiolus

en-noun

gladiolus (plural gladioli or gladioluses)

/ɡlædɪˈəʊləs/

From Latin gladiolus (“little sword, sword lily”), diminutive of gladius (“sword”).

der

(anatomy) The center part of the sternum.


TOM

(cytology) Acronym of Translocon on Outer Membrane.


transient ischemic attack

en-noun

transient ischemic attack (plural transient ischemic attacks)

(medicine) A temporary cessation or reduction of blood supply to part of the brain, resulting in brief neurologic dysfunction that usually persists for less than 24 hours.


mesel

From Middle English mesel (“leprous, leper”), from Norman mesel (“leprous, leper”), from Old French mesel (“leprous, leper”), from Late Latin misellus (“leper”), from miser (“wretched, wretch”) + -ellus (“-elle”). Doublet of measles.

Also in that flome Jordan Naaman of Syria bathed him, that was full rich, but he was mesell; and there anon he took his health.

1357, John Mandeville, The Travels of Sir John Mandeville:

(medicine, obsolete) Synonym of leprous: having leprosy or a similar skin disorder.


mesel

(medicine, obsolete) Synonym of leprosy: Hansen's disease and similar skin disorders.


glandular

Mid 18th century borrowing from French glandulaire, from glandule (“small gland”) + -aire (“-ar, -ary”, adjectival suffix), from Latin glandulae (“glands of the throat”); equivalent to glandule + -ar.

der

a glandular disorder

(medicine) Pertaining to a gland or glands.

Having the characteristics or function of a gland.


MOD

(dentistry) Initialism of mesio-occlusal-distal.


pulsion

Borrowed from French pulsion, from Latin pulsio.

(psychoanalysis) A subconscious drive or impulse.


cric

(medicine, colloquial) Cricothyrotomy; cricothyroidotomy.


mamelon

(dentistry) A protrusion on a newly erupted tooth.


atelectasis

en-noun

atelectasis (countable and uncountable, plural atelectases)

From Ancient Greek ἀτελής (atelḗs, “incomplete”) + ἔκτασις (éktasis, “extension”), from ἐκτείνω (ekteínō, “to extend”). By surface analysis, atel- + ectasis.

der

Atelectasis means a non-expansion of the lungs.

2009, Jennifer Worth, Farewell to the East End, Weidenfeld & Nicholson, page 46:

(medicine) The collapse of a part of or the whole lung caused by inner factors rather than a pneumothorax.


windburn

en-noun

windburn (countable and uncountable, plural windburns)

Coordinate term: sunburn

(medicine) An irritation of the skin caused by exposure to the wind.


tectorium

(anatomy) The tectorial membrane that covers the cochlear duct.


non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug

non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (plural non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs)

non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (plural)

(pharmacology) Alternative spelling of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug


bursa

Borrowed from Medieval Latin bursa (“purse”), from Ancient Greek βύρσα (búrsa); compare purse and bourse, which are doublets.

A bursa over the anterior aspect of the upper end of the tibia, between the patellar tendon and the tubercle of the tibia, is sometimes enlarged, and may be mistaken for synovitis of the joint.

1899, Roswell Park, A Treatise on Surgery, page 402:

Bursitis is inflammation of a bursa, which results in pain, tenderness, and stiffness and in some cases, swelling and redness.

2004, Dicken Weatherby, Signs and Symptoms Analysis from a Functional Perspective, page 247:

A bursa may be present deep to coracobrachialis tendon.

2011, Neeta V. Kulkarni, Clinical Anatomy (A Problem Solving Approach), page 116:

(anatomy) Any of the many small fluid-filled sacs located at the point where a muscle or tendon slides across bone. These sacs serve to reduce friction between the two moving surfaces.


trichome

From French trichome, from New Latin trichoma, from Ancient Greek τρίχωμα (tríkhōma), from θρίξ (thríx, “hair”) or independently from tricho- + -ome. Doublet of trichoma.

(pathology, cell biology) A row of cells formed by successive cell divisions.


pruritic

en-adj

pruritic (comparative more pruritic, superlative most pruritic)

more pruritic (comparative)
most pruritic (superlative)

(medicine) Itchy; especially, intensely so.

pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy


workup

en-noun

workup (countable and uncountable, plural workups)

(countable, medicine) A general medical examination to assess a person's health and fitness.


Golgi apparatus

Named after Italian biologist and physician Camillo Golgi.

named-after

(cytology) A network of membranes in the cytoplasm of those animal cells that produce secretions.


facies

en-noun

facies (countable and uncountable, plural facies)

Borrowed from Latin faciēs (“form, configuration, figure; face, visage, countenance”). Doublet of face.

bor+

costive facies

(medicine) Facial features, like an expression or complexion, typical for patients having certain diseases or conditions.


rheumatoid

en-adj

rheumatoid (not generally comparable, comparative more rheumatoid, superlative most rheumatoid)

more rheumatoid (comparative)
most rheumatoid (superlative)

Rheumatoid sufferers have such pain and discomfort every day of their lives that they live eternally in high hopes of something effective turning up.

1976 March 27, F. Dudley Hart, “History of the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis”, in British Medical Journal, volume 1, number 6012, →DOI, →JSTOR, page 763:

rheumatoid arthritis
rheumatoid arthritis

(medicine, usually) Involving or pertaining to rheumatism, especially rheumatoid arthritis.

(medicine, dated) Presenting analogies with rheumatism.


rheumatoid

The highly significant findings with regard to hurt feelings suggests that the hypothesis that rheumatoids learn to hide their hurt feelings [7] and are reticent about expressing their dissatisfactions [4] may be correct.

1965 December, Sidney Cobb, Stanislav V. Kasl, Edith Chen, Roger Christenfeld, “Some psychological and social characteristics of patients hospitalized for rheumatoid arthritis, hypertension, and duodenal ulcer”, in Journal of Chronic Diseases, volume 18, number 12, →DOI, page 1269:

(medicine, dated) A person with rheumatoid arthritis.


precondition

en-verb

precondition (third-person singular simple present preconditions, present participle preconditioning, simple past and past participle preconditioned)

preconditions (present singular third-person)
preconditioning (participle present)
preconditioned (participle past)
preconditioned (past)

The hearts were preconditioned by either ischemia or bradykinin or adenosine.

1996, C. Weinbrenner et al., “Loss of glycogen during preconditioning is not a prerequisite for protection of the rabbit heart”, in Basic Research in Cardiology, volume 91, number 5:

(medicine, biology) To condition in advance


keratoconjunctivitis

(pathology) An inflammation of the cornea and the conjunctiva.


autosome

From auto- + -some, from Ancient Greek σῶμα (sôma, “body”).

Autosoma (or autosome), the usual or non-aberrant chromosomes, called by me previously ordinary chromosomes.

1906 January 5, Thos. H. Montgomery, “The terminology of aberrant chromosomes and their behavivor in certain Hemiptera”, in Science, volume 23, number 575, page 36:

It is apparently formed by the arms of the loops becoming twisted around each other, and, as in the Acrididae, each of these arms no doubt represents a univalent autosome.

1908, Herbert Spencer Davis, Spermatogenesis in Acrididae and Locustidae:

(genetics) Any chromosome other than sex chromosomes.

常染色體 /常染色体

any chromosome other than sex chromosomes


sex chromosome

sexual characteristic
sexual characteristic

(genetics) Either of a pair of chromosomes (in most animals and plants) whose combination determines the sexual characteristics of an individual.


biofeedback

en-noun

biofeedback (countable and uncountable, plural biofeedbacks)

→ Italian: biofeedback

→ Polish: biofeedback

From bio- + feedback. First appears c. 1970 in the Journal of Transpersonal Psychology.

Biotics must develop conscious control over their nervous systems, sending specific electrical impulses to the element zero nodules embedded in their nerves. They are taught to use their implants and amps with biofeedback devices and physical mnemonics. Specific gestures or muscle movements fire the proper sequence of nerves to activate a certain skill.

2008, BioWare, Mass Effect, Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →ISBN, →OCLC, PC, scene: Biotics: Training Codex entry:

(psychology, psychiatry, physiology) A technique of gaining greater awareness of the many physiological functions of one's own body by using electronic or other instruments, and with the goal of being able to manipulate the body's systems at will.

Journal of Transpersonal Psychology
biofeedback

biobalikan

measuring a person's bodily functions and conveying the information to the person in real-time


suprarenal gland

suprarenal gland (plural suprarenal glands)

(anatomy) The adrenal gland, which is located just above the kidney in humans.


comminute

en-verb

comminute (third-person singular simple present comminutes, present participle comminuting, simple past and past participle comminuted)

comminutes (present singular third-person)
comminuting (participle present)
comminuted (participle past)
comminuted (past)

From Latin comminūtus (“crumbled, lessened”).

For example, comminuting fractures on ribs 4–8 along the rib angle most likely are associated to shots through the scapula, whereas injuries through or near to the costochondral articulation of the first rib could also be associated to wounds of the sternum or clavicle.

2008, Erin H. Kimmerle, Jose Pablo Baraybar, Skeletal Trauma: Identification of Injuries Resulting from Human Rights Abuse and Armed Conflict, page 410:

In the past, there have been controversies over the use of bone graft in comminuted fractures of the forearm.

2011, S. John Ham, Matthijs R. Krijnen, Rudolf W. Poolman, “48: Forearm Fractures, Including Galeazzi Fractures”, in Mohit Bhandari, editor, Evidence-based Orthopedics, page 419:

When using reduction forceps, care must be taken to prevent comminuting the medial epicondylar fragment.

2011, Sean D. Early, Vernon T. Tolo, “9: Pediatric Elbow Fractures”, in Raffy Mirzayan, John M. Itamura, editors, Shoulder and Elbow Trauma, page 127:

(medicine) To cause fragmentation (of bone).


brain-dead

en-adj

brain-dead (comparative more brain-dead, superlative most brain-dead)

more brain-dead (comparative)
most brain-dead (superlative)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-brain-dead.wav

An employee of the mayor's office was declared brain-dead on Sunday morning after she and another woman were struck by a hit-and-run driver while crossing Flatbush Avenue in Brooklyn, the authorities said.

2010 February 22, Michael S. Schmidt, Karen Zraick, “Hit and Run in Brooklyn Leaves One Brain-Dead”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

(medicine, not comparable) Having an irreversible loss of brain function and cessation of brain activity.

breindood

in medicine: having irreversible cessation of brain activity


brain death

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-brain death.wav

(medicine) An irreversible loss of brain function and cessation of brain activity.

breindood

irreversible cessation of brain activity


BBB

en-noun

BBB (countable and uncountable, plural BBBs)

blood-brain barrier
blood-brain barrier#English

(physiology) Initialism of blood-brain barrier.

bundle branch block
bundle branch block#English

(cardiology) Initialism of bundle branch block.


cytogenetic band

cytogenetic band (plural cytogenetic bands)

(genetics) Any of the subregions of a chromosome that are visible under a microscope after staining


insensate

en-adj

insensate (comparative more insensate, superlative most insensate)

more insensate (comparative)
most insensate (superlative)

sentient

antonym(s) of “having no sensation or consciousness”

Learned borrowing from Latin īnsēnsātus.

If the ophthalmic branch is cut the patient must be told about the hazards of having an insensate cornea.

1958 June, Edward B. Schlesinger, “Trigeminal Neuralgia”, in American Journal of Nursing, volume 58, number 6, page 854:

The presence of severe pain with a deep plantar foot infection in a diabetic patient is often the first alarming symptom, especially in a patient with a previously insensate foot.

2004 Aug. 1, Jeff G. van Baal, “Surgical Treatment of the Infected Diabetic Foot”, in Clinical Infectious Diseases, volume 39, page S126:

The innocuous trauma of high pressure jets and bubble massage to the insensate breast and back areas had caused the bruising seen in the picture.

2005 Feb. 5, “Minerva”, in BMJ: British Medical Journal, volume 330, number 7486, page . 316:

(medicine, physiology) Not responsive to sensory stimuli.


cochlear

(anatomy, relational) Of or pertaining to the cochlea.


regression

en-noun

regression (countable and uncountable, plural regressions)

/ɹɪˈɡɹɛʃ.ən/

/ɹiːˈɡɹɛʃ.ən/

/ɹɪˈɡɹɛʃ.ən/

/ɹəˈɡɹɛʃ.ən/

/ɹəˈɡɹeʃ.ən/

Learned borrowing from Latin regressio. Equivalent to regress + -ion.
The statistics sense comes from regression to the mean.

(medicine) The diminishing of a cellular mass like a tumor, or of an organ size.

regressio

medicine: diminishing of a cellular mass


cryosurgery

cryosurgery (countable and uncountable, plural cryosurgeries)

(medicine) The use of a probe containing liquid nitrogen to freeze and thus destroy tissue.


curettage

curettage (countable and uncountable, plural curettages)

/ˌkjʊəɹɪˈtɑːʒ/

(medicine) The removal of unwanted tissue from a body cavity using a curette.

raspat

the removal of unwanted tissue from a body cavity using a curette


widow-maker

(medicine, informal) The left coronary artery, or its anterior interventricular branch, occlusion of which is likely to cause a fatal heart attack.


stereotypy

stereotypy (countable and uncountable, plural stereotypies)

(countable, medicine) Excessive repetition, especially of meaningless gestures.


hypoglossal

From New Latin hypoglōssus + -al, from Ancient Greek ῠ̔πόγλωσσος (hŭpóglōssos, “under the tongue”), from ῠ̔πο- (hŭpo-, “under, hypo-”) + γλῶσσᾰ (glôssă, “tongue”) + -ος (-os, adjectival suffix); equivalent to hypo- + glossal.

af

(anatomy, relational) Of or pertaining to the area under the tongue.

пад'язы́чны

of or pertaining to the area under the tongue — see also sublingual


hypoglossal

hypoglossal nerve
hypoglossal nerve#English

(anatomy) Ellipsis of hypoglossal nerve.


decompression

en-noun

decompression (usually uncountable, plural decompressions)

/ˌdiːkəmˈpɹɛʃən/

(medicine) The relief of pressure on a body part by surgery.


degeneracy

degeneracy (countable and uncountable, plural degeneracies)

/dɪˈdʒɛnəɹəsi/

(neuroscience) The ability of one part of the brain to take over another's function without being overexerted.


long QT syndrome

(medicine) a heart disease in which there is an abnormally long delay between the electrical excitation (or depolarization) and relaxation (repolarization) of the ventricles of the heart.


catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (uncountable)

(medicine, genetic disorders, cardiology) An inherited genetic disorder that predisposes those affected to potentially life-threatening abnormal heart rhythms or arrhythmias.


antigenicity

(immunology) The ability, or degree of ability, to react with the products of an immune response.

Antigenität

the ability to react with the products of an immune response


arborvitae

[ˌɑɹbɚˈvaɪɾi]

[ˌɑɹbɚˈvəɪɾi]

/ˌɑɹbɚˈvaɪtə/

From Latin arbor (“tree”) + vitae (“of life”).

(anatomy) The white nerve tissue of the cerebellum that has a branching structure.


humorist

(medicine, now rare, historical) Someone who believes that health and temperament are determined by bodily humours; a humoralist.


bullectomy

(surgery) A surgical procedure whereby small portions of the lung, called bulla, are removed. Bulla are large areas (> 1 cm in diameter) in the lung filled with oxygen-depleted air


diathermy

(physics, medicine) The generation of heat using high-frequency electromagnetic currents; especially the therapeutic production of heat in tissues in order to form coagulation


overwintering

overwintering (countable and uncountable, plural overwinterings)

(medicine) The survival of an infectious agent or its vector through the winter, during which time it does not infect a host.


metagenomics

(genetics) The study of genomes recovered from environmental samples; especially the differentiation of genomes from multiple organisms or individuals, either in a symbiotic relationship, or at a crime scene.

Metagenomik

study of genomes from environmental samples


spermatic

From Middle English spermatik, from Latin spermaticus, from Ancient Greek σπερματικός (spermatikós).

The abdominal portion is supplied from the spermatics, the lumbar, and in some instances the mesocolic artery.

1853, The Encyclopaedia Britannica, page 791:

spermatic artery
spermatic artery#English

(anatomy, archaic) Short for spermatic artery.


cerebrospinal

There was an infection of the cerebrospinal fluid.

(anatomy) Of or pertaining to brain or spine (particularly the spinal cord).


thrombocytosis

From thrombocyte + -osis = thrombo- + cytosis.

(medicine) The condition of having an abnormally high number of thrombocytes (platelets) in the bloodstream; can give a predisposition to thrombosis

thrombocytémie

having an abnormally high number of platelets in the bloodstream


myeloproliferative

/ˌmaɪələpɹəˈlɪfəɹeɪtɪv/

(medicine) of or pertaining to the presence of an abnormal proliferation of myelopoietic cells (from bone marrow)


pharmacokinetics

(pharmacology) A branch of pharmacology concerned with the rate at which drugs are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and eliminated by the body.

Physiologic-based pharmocokinetic models are sometimes used to describe pharmocokinetics in laboratory animals, but they are seldom used to describe the pharmocokinetics of drugs used in humans.

2015, Thorsteinn Loftsson, Essential Pharmacokinetics: A Primer for Pharmaceutical Scientists, Academic Press, →ISBN, page 6:

(pharmacology) The particular rates at which drugs are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and eliminated by the body.


ESR

erythrocyte sedimentation rate
erythrocyte sedimentation rate#English

(hematology) Initialism of erythrocyte sedimentation rate.


spirometry

spirometry (usually uncountable, plural spirometries)

Spirometry is typically the first PFT^([Pulmonary Function Test]) to be performed in a patient. This is because the indications for performing spirometry are extensive (Table 56-3). The indications are so numerous, in fact, that it is a surprise that spirometry is so greatly underused. There are several perceived and real barriers to its use, but these can be easily overcome by studying spirometry interpretation guides and by getting the right equipment and good training.

2005, Charles G. Irvin, “Chapter 56: Guide to the Evaluation of Pulmonary Function”, in Qutayba Hamid, Joanne Shannon, James Martin, editors, Physiologic Basis of Respiratory Disease, BC Decker, page 651:

Aerobic metabolism can be measured by direct calorimetry or indirect spirometry. In exercise physiology, open-circuit indirect spirometry, in which expired gases are analyzed for 0₂ consumed and CO₂ produced, are typically used.

2006, Sharon Plowman, Denise Smith, Exercise Physiology for Health, Fitness, and Performance, 2nd edition, Wolters Kluwer Health, page 122:

2012, Q. Ashton Acton, Advances in Respiratory Insufficiency Research and Treatment, 2011 Edition, ScholarlyEditions (ScholarlyBrief), page 29,
A total of 29,817 spirometries were analyzed. Quality grades A-D and F were assigned to 33.9, 7.1, 19.4, 27.8 and 11.8% of spirometries, respectively.

(medicine) The measurement of the volume of air that a person can move into and out of the lungs, using a spirometer.


sports medicine

(medicine) The branch of medicine that deals with the effects of sport and exercise on the body, especially the treatment of injuries so received, and also studies the physiology of exercise


anatropia

(medicine) A disorder of the vision. Deviation of the visual axis of one eye upwards when the other eye is fixing; anaphoria.

(medicine) A tendency for both eyes to look upward.


occluder

(medicine) An implement designed to temporarily block light to one eye.

(medicine, cardiology) A catheter-delivered device that blocks a hole in the wall of a heart, often having an umbrella-type design and folded up until the catheter arrives at the area of the defect in the heart. Once in place the occluder is unfolded on both sides of the defect so that pressure from both sides keeps it in place.


adynamia

adynamia (countable and uncountable, plural adynamias)

(pathology) Lack or loss of strength, usually due to a disease.


quelling

quelling (countable and uncountable, plural quellings)


lightening

(medicine) The sensation caused by the descent of the uterus into the pelvic cavity before the onset of labour


subfenestral

2002, "Archaeopterygidae", by Andrzej Elzanowski, in Mesozoic Birds, Luis M. Chiappe & Lawrence M. Witmer edd.
The maxilla has a slender nasal process and a long subfenestral part. […] Wellnhofer (1974) and Witmer (1997) reconstructed a fenestrate "ascending ramus" of the maxilla, as found in nonavian theropods.


alexiteric

(medicine) A preservative against infectious diseases.


supersaturation

supersaturation (countable and uncountable, plural supersaturations)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-supersaturation.wav

(physiology) The condition of a solution of gases in a tissue having a higher concentration in terms of sum of partial pressures than the ambient pressure.


swim bladder

(anatomy, usually of fish) A gas-filled sac within the bodies of most fish that variously acts as a float, lung, sound-producing organ or an aid to hearing.


mistranslation

mistranslation (countable and uncountable, plural mistranslations)

/mɪsˈtʃɹæːnz.læɪ̯.ʃən/

(genetics) The incorporation of the incorrect amino acid into a peptide sequence.


cremaster

From Ancient Greek κρεμαστήρ (kremastḗr, “suspender”).

uder

(anatomy) A thin muscle attached to the testicles.


auricula

en-noun

auricula (plural auriculae or auriculas)

Unadapted borrowing from Latin auricula (“external ear; ear”). Doublet of auricle.

ubor

(anatomy) A small conical pouch projecting from either atrium of the heart.


polypus

From Latin polypus, from Ancient Greek πολύπους (polúpous). Doublet of polyp.

The nasal passages should be carefully examined for symptoms of stegnosis, enlargement of the turbinated bones, polypi, etc.

A medical phenomenon.
(medicine) A polyp.

(hematology, pathology) A cardiac thrombus usually found post-mortem.


dermal

From derm + -al. First attested in the early 19th century.

etydate

The dermal muscles in the face are used to form expressions.

(anatomy) Of or pertaining to skin or integument (or other forms of tissue)


coryza

en-noun

coryza (countable and uncountable, plural coryzas or coryzae or coryzæ)

coryzas (plural)
coryzae (plural)
coryzæ (plural)

/kəˈɹɑɪ̯.zə/

Borrowed from Latin corȳza, from Ancient Greek κόρυζα (kóruza, “nasal mucus”).

der

In his writing on coryza, Celsus repeats the belief of Hippocrates that some cases of phthisis owe their origin to catarrh of the nasal passages; so far as coryza is concerned, he says, there is nothing pestiferous about it unless it ulcerates […]

1949, Robert Scott Stevenson, Douglas Guthrie, A History of Oto-laryngology:

Frequent sneezing and fluent coryza, during the day (second day),⁴.^([sic])—Obstruction of left nostril, in evening […] After pain in the head, which continued ten days, coryza, sore throat, and extension to bronchial mucous membranes[…]

1964, Timothy Field Allen, Encyclopedia of Pure Materia Medica: A Record of the Positive Effects of Drugs Upon the Healthy Human Organism:

Sore throat and coryza (cold) in the very aged do not exhibit the phenomena associated with pepsis (apparently, the changes normally occurring in the younger population).

(medicine) Inflammation of the mucous membranes lining the nasal cavity, usually causing a running nose, nasal congestion and loss of smell.

ринит

inflammation of the mucous membranes lining the nasal cavity

(medicine, loosely, metonymically) Rhinitis or rhinosinusitis; cold or coldlike illness; common cold.


circulatory system

en-noun

circulatory system (plural circulatory systems)

(physiology) The parts of an animal body comprising the heart, blood vessels (arteries, veins, and capillaries), and blood, which circulate the blood around the body.

bloedsomloopstelsel

parts of an animal body which circulate the blood around the body


sacroiliac

/ˌsækɹoʊˈɪliˌæk/

(anatomy) Relating to the sacrum and ilium, or to the region of the lower back where they are located.


sacroiliac

/ˌsækɹoʊˈɪliˌæk/

(anatomy) The region of the sacrum and the ilium in the lower back.


iliopsoas

iliopsoas (plural iliopsoases or iliopsoai)

Look at those iliopsoases working!

5. Muscle tightness: Inflexibility of the hamstrings, the iliotibial tracts, and iliopsoai tends to aggravate lower backache.

1998, Richard Irvin, Duane Iversen, Steven Roy, Sports Medicine: Prevention, Assessment, Management, and Rehabilitation of Athletic Injuries, 2nd edition, Boston: Allyn & Bacon, →ISBN, page 317:

(anatomy) A compound muscle composed of the iliac and psoas muscles.


retinoblastoma

retinoblastoma (plural retinoblastomas or retinoblastomata)

retinoblastomas (plural)
retinoblastomata (plural)

Retinoblastoma has two distinct variants, an inherited “familial” form and a sporadic form.

2010, Siddhartha Mukherjee, The Emperor of All Maladies, Fourth Estate (2011), page 367:

(oncology) A malignant tumour of the retina; a hereditary condition found mostly in children.


OxyContin

In his view, there is not much moral difference between the Sacklers, the enormously wealthy, extremely philanthropic family who made their money getting people addicted to OxyContin; Bill Clinton, who adopted MarketWorld’s beliefs during his presidency and in his work afterward; and others who have done nothing so obviously huge or harmful, but who aren’t willing to go radical, either.

2018 September 28, Bethany McLean, “Beware thought leaders and the wealthy purveying answers to our social ills”, in The Washington Post:

(pharmacology) A brand name for a controlled-release form of oxycodone, a synthetic analgesic drug.


infusate

From infuse + -ate (noun-forming suffix)

(medicine) A fluid given intravenously over a period of time for medication or diagnostic purposes.


transmural

However, several enterographic findings are associated with increased disease activity, including wall thickening greater than 4 mm, intramural and mesenteric oedema, mucosal hyperaemia, wall enhancement (and enhancement pattern), transmural ulceration and fistula formation, vascular engorgement and inflammatory mesenteric lymph nodes (often with hyperenhancement).

2024, Jennifer Davidson, Beth Shepherd, Sunderarajan Jayaraman, Practice Long Cases for the Part B Final FRCR Examination:

(anatomy) passing through the wall of an organ or any other bodily structure


cradle cap

cradle cap (countable and uncountable, plural cradle caps)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-cradle cap.wav

(medicine, pathology) A form of seborrheic dermatitis that occurs on the scalps of infants, causing scaly, flaky, itchy, red skin.


maladaptive

en-adj

maladaptive (comparative more maladaptive, superlative most maladaptive)

more maladaptive (comparative)
most maladaptive (superlative)

adaptive

antonym(s) of “showing inadequate adaptation”

The mismatch is the result of an adaptive lag that occurs when the environment that produced an evolved mechanism changes more rapidly than the time it takes for the mechanism to adapt to the change. This theory posits that many of the physical and psychological traits that were originally selected for because they were at the time advantageous for survival and reproduction may not only no longer be useful but can even be maladaptive.

2022 October 25, L. J. Shrum, Elena Fumagalli, Tina M. Lowrey, “Coping with loneliness through consumption”, in Journal of Consumer Psychology, volume 33, number 2, →DOI, page 458:

(evolution, of anatomy, physiology, or behavior) Showing inadequate or counterproductive evolutionary adaptation to an environment or its changes.


GPA

(medicine) Initialism of granulomatosis with polyangiitis.


bromidrosis

(medicine) Fetid or foul-smelling perspiration.


thermotherapy

en-noun

thermotherapy (countable and uncountable, plural thermotherapies)

(medicine) The use of heat to treat disease


calcitonin

calcitonin (countable and uncountable, plural calcitonins)

(pharmacology) A synthetic or recombinant form of calcitonin used to treat Paget disease of bone and postmenopausal osteoporosis.


tissue typing

(medicine, immunology) A procedure in which the tissues of a prospective donor and recipient are tested for compatibility prior to transplantation.


fasciola

The last-named portion is shaded with lines to indicate that it retreats; it embraces parts of the fasciola and lyra

1883, Burt Green Wilder, On the Brain of a Cat Lacking the Callosum, Preliminary Notics:

(anatomy) A band of grey matter bordering the fimbria in the brain; the dentate convolution.


drug of choice

(medicine, pharmacology) The best-choice medication designed to treat a particular medical problem.


iter

This fluid passes through the main iters which connect the various ventricles and filters through the thin membranes of the brain and cord, equalizing the pressure at all points.

1916, Mayo Clinic, Collected Papers of the Mayo Clinic and the Mayo Foundation, page 869:

(anatomy) A passage, especially the passage between the third and fourth ventricles in the brain; the cerebral aqueduct.


syntenic

(genetics, of multiple genes) located on the same chromosome


synteny

synteny (usually uncountable, plural syntenies)

(genetics, obsolete, of multiple genes) The condition of being located on the same chromosome or region of genome.

(genetics) The condition of multiple species showing a region of identical gene order.


galea

Borrowed from Latin galea. Doublet of galley.

(surgery) A kind of bandage for the head.

(medicine) A headache extending all over the head.


paralogous

en-adj

paralogous (comparative more paralogous, superlative most paralogous)

more paralogous (comparative)
most paralogous (superlative)

(genetics) (of multiple genes at different chromosomal locations in the same organism) Having a similar structure indicating divergence from a common ancestral gene


paralogon

(genetics) A set of paralogous chromosomal regions, derived from a common ancestral region


adhesive tape

en-noun

adhesive tape (countable and uncountable, plural adhesive tapes)

(US, medicine) Surgical tape, such tape made specifically for medical purposes.


anserine

en-adj

anserine (comparative more anserine, superlative most anserine)

more anserine (comparative)
most anserine (superlative)

From Latin anserīnus, from anser (“goose”).

anserine skin

(medicine, obsolete) Exhibiting goose flesh.


whole-genome duplication

en-noun

whole-genome duplication (plural whole-genome duplications)

whole-genome duplications (plural)
as: WGD (abbreviation)

(genetics) A form of polyploidy in which an organism has duplicate copies of its entire genome


haloperidol

haloperidol (countable and uncountable, plural haloperidols)

(pharmacology) A synthetic antidepressant drug used chiefly in the treatment of psychotic conditions.


neuroleptic

Borrowed from French neuroleptique, coined by Jean Delay and Pierre Deniker in 1955. Constructed from Ancient Greek νεῦρον (neûron, “neuron”) and λῆψις (lêpsis), noun form of λαμβάνω (lambánō, “take hold of”).

The time has come, therefore, to establish some definite criteria for the new drugs that Delay called neuroleptics, of which chlorpromazine and reserpine are the primary ones, although chemically different.

1956, Journal of Clinical and Experimental Psychopathology & Quarterly Review of Psychiatry and Neurology, volume 17, page 383:

Neuroleptics, the first psychopharmacological treatments reported to be effective in adults, were interpreted as potent antianxiety drugs giving rise to the term "major tranquilizer" that was popular in the United States until the early 1970s and were also used to treat anxiety symptoms in children (as were other agents, including psychostimulants and antihistamintes).

1990, N. Sartorius, Anxiety: Psychobiological and Clinical Perspectives, page 259:

Thus initially neuroleptics may increase DA turnover and possibly even its action depending on the degree of postsynaptic block.

2001, Roy Webster, Neurotransmitters, Drugs and Brain Function, page 359:


neuroleptic

By mouth in doses of 2 to 3 grains, combined with neuroleptic drugs, it has enabled us to bring about a certain number of improvements in chronic schizophrenics.

1959, Psychopharmacology frontiers : proceedings of the pyschopharmacology symposium, page 131:

The mechanisms underlying the appearance of the parkinson-like symptoms during neuroleptic treatments are not ascertained.

1965, Horizons in Neuropsychopharmacology, page 121:

The neuroleptic drugs, and especially the phenothiazines, interact with a number of neurotransmitter systems in the brain and these actions can account for many of the pharmacological properties of the drugs.

2014, Philip B. Bradley, Introduction to Neuropharmacology, page 212:

(pharmacology) Having antipsychotic properties.

успокояващ

pharmacology: having antipsychotic properties


fibrosis

fibrosis (countable and uncountable, plural fibroses)

(medicine) The formation of (excess) fibrous connective tissue in an organ.


fibular

(anatomy) Of or pertaining to the fibula


chancre

Borrowed from French chancre (“cancer”), from Latin cancer (“crab”). Cognate to canker and cancer.

The nurse stood up and went towards the door. At that point the caretaker said to me, "It's a chancre she's got." I didn't understand, so I looked at the nurse and saw that she had a bandage round her head just below the eyes. Where her nose should have been, the bandage was flat. Her face seemed to be nothing but a white bandage.

1942, Albert Camus, 'The Stranger' (a.k.a 'The Outsider'), Joseph Laredo translation, Ch.1:

(pathology) Skin lesion, sometimes associated with certain contagious diseases such as syphilis.


cold spot

(physiology, dermatology) A sensory area in the skin that responds to a decrease in temperature.


purpura

purpura (countable and uncountable, plural purpuras)

Learned borrowing from Latin purpura. Doublet of purple and purpure.

(pathology) The appearance of red or purple discolorations on the skin that do not blanch when pressure is applied, caused by subdermal bleeding.


nasopharyngitis

(medicine) Inflammation of the nasal passages and upper pharynx.

鼻咽炎

inflammation of the nasal passages and upper pharynx


microdermabrasion

microdermabrasion (countable and uncountable, plural microdermabrasions)

(medicine) Any of several related procedures in which the outermost surface of the skin is removed for cosmetic purposes


pellicle

From Latin pellicula, from pellis (“skin”). Doublet of pellicule.

(cytology) A thin layer supporting the cell membrane in various protozoa.


calcium channel blocker

calcium channel blocker (plural calcium channel blockers)

(pharmacology) A class of drug used to treat hypertension and also angina and arrhythmia.


Rhesus system

So named because the first identified antigen (RhD) was originally believed to be the same as one discovered in rhesus macaques.

(medicine) A blood group system, the second most important after the ABO system, and important in human blood transfusion, whereby blood types are classified according to the presence ("positive") or absence ("negative") of potentially over 50 antigens, of which the most commonly referenced is RhD.


fungous

From Latin fungōsus. Equivalent to fungus + -ous.

(now rare, pathology) Of or containing a spongy, abnormal excrescence.


seborrhea

seborrhea (countable and uncountable, plural seborrheas)

(pathology) A skin disorder causing scaly, flaky, itchy, red skin.


pyrosequencing

(genetics) A technique used to sequence DNA using chemiluminescent enzymatic reactions.


morphogene

(genetics) Any gene that is involved in growth or in morphogenesis


tetany

tetany (countable and uncountable, plural tetanies)

Borrowed from French tétanie, from New Latin tetania.

(medicine) A condition characterized by painful muscular spasms, caused by faulty calcium metabolism.


contractility

contractility (countable and uncountable, plural contractilities)

(physiology) The performance of cardiac muscle.


hyperkalemia

hyperkalemia (countable and uncountable, plural hyperkalemias)

From hyper- + kalemia or hyper- + kal(ium) + -emia.

(biology, medicine) The condition of having an abnormally high concentration of potassium ions in the blood (above the reference range).

hyperkalemie

the condition of having an abnormally high concentration of potassium ions in the blood


hypocalcemia

hypocalcemia (countable and uncountable, plural hypocalcemias)

From hypo- + calcemia or hypo- + calc- + -emia.

(biology, medicine) The condition of having an abnormally low concentration of calcium ions in the blood.


hypomagnesemia

hypomagnesemia (countable and uncountable, plural hypomagnesemias)

From hypo- + magnesemia or hypo- + magnes(io)- + -emia.

(biology, medicine) The condition of having an abnormally low concentration of magnesium (Mg) ions in the blood (below the reference range).

hypomagnésémie

the condition of having an abnormally low concentration of magnesium ions in the blood

hyponatremia

biometallic cation insufficiency in blood


cricothyroidotomy

(medicine) an emergency surgical procedure, a form of tracheotomy, in which a hole is cut through the patient's neck into the windpipe in order to allow air into the lungs


bronchospasm

(medicine) difficulty in breathing due to a contraction of smooth muscle in the walls of the bronchi and bronchioles


helminthic

(medicine) Causing the expulsion of intestinal worms.


helminthic

(medicine) Any medicine that expels intestinal worms.


immunostimulant

(immunology, pharmacology) Any substance that stimulates an immune response.


immunostimulant

en-adj

immunostimulant (comparative more immunostimulant, superlative most immunostimulant)

more immunostimulant (comparative)
most immunostimulant (superlative)

(immunology, pharmacology) That stimulates an immune response.


medial collateral ligament

en-noun

medial collateral ligament (plural medial collateral ligaments)

(anatomy) One of the four main ligaments of the knee.


forme fruste

Essential tremor, a neurological disorder that causes hand tremors, is suspected by some researchers to be a forme fruste of Parkinson's disease.

(medicine) An incomplete form or partial symptom of a disease.


anconad

This articulation of the metacarpal bone of the thumb is luxated either thenad or anconad of the os trapezium; when thenad, there is a prominence in the palm of the hand, the finger is extended anconad, and cannot be inflected thenad; when luxated anconad, there is a projection on the anconal aspect of the wrist, the thumb is inflected thenad, and cannot be extended.

1823, John Lizars, A System of Anatomical Plates of the Human Body, volume 1:


aleptinemia

From a- + leptin + -emia; compare the more common hypoleptinemia.

Thus, we now know of two distinct human diseases where the correction of near aleptinemia is of major therapeutic benefit.

2002 May 15, D.B. Savage, S. O’Rahilly, “Leptin: a novel therapeutic role in lipodystrophy”, in Journal of Clinical Investigation, volume 109, number 10, pages 1285–6:

(rare, medicine) The absence of the hormone leptin in the bloodstream


polysomaty

(genetics) The condition of a cell having reduplicated chromatin in its nucleus


necrobiosis

necrobiosis (countable and uncountable, plural necrobioses)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-necrobiosis.wav

(pathology) The normal death of cells or tissues because of age-related changes.


copy number variation

copy number variation (plural copy number variations)

(genetics) The variation of the number of copies (normally two) of a gene, or of sequences of DNA, in the genome of a specific individual; has been linked to some diseases


copy number polymorphism

copy number polymorphism (plural copy number polymorphisms)

(genetics) The normal variation in the number of copies (normally two) of a gene, or of sequences of DNA, in the genome of a specific individual


euchromatin

euchromatin (countable and uncountable, plural euchromatins)

(genetics) uncoiled dispersed threads of chromosomal material that occurs during interphase; it stains lightly with basic dyes


neurosteroid

(biochemistry, neuroscience) A neuroactive steroid


neuroactive steroid

neuroactive steroid (plural neuroactive steroids)

(biochemistry, neuroscience) Any of several steroids, synthesized in the myelinating glial cells, which alter neuronal excitability through interaction with neurotransmitter-gated ion channels.


orally disintegrating tablet

orally disintegrating tablet (plural orally disintegrating tablets)

(pharmacology) A pill designed to disintegrate in the mouth.


oncological

/ˌɒŋkəˈlɒd͡ʒɪkəɫ/

(oncology) Of or pertaining to oncology.


oncologic

/ˌɒŋkəˈlɒd͡ʒɪk/


homonymous

(ophthalmology) Having homonymous hemianopsia (blindness in the same side of both eyes)


trastuzumab

From [Term?] + -tu- (“tumor”) + -zumab (“humanized monoclonal antibody”).

af

(pharmacology) A drug used in the treatment of breast cancer which targets the HER-2 oncogene.


Named for its similarity to ErbB (avian erythroblastosis oncogene B).

(oncology) Avian erythroblastosis oncogene B 2.


atherogenic

en-adj

atherogenic (comparative more atherogenic, superlative most atherogenic)

more atherogenic (comparative)
most atherogenic (superlative)

(medicine) that initiates or accelerates atherogenesis


atherogenesis

en-noun

atherogenesis (usually uncountable, plural atherogeneses)

(pathology) The formation of atheromas, especially on the walls of the arteries


diaschisis

(medicine) A sudden loss of function in a portion of the brain connected to but at a distance from a damaged area.


gracilis

From Latin gracilis (“slender”). Doublet of gracile.

(anatomy) A slender superficial muscle of the inner thigh.


domperidone

From [Term?] + -peridone (“risperidone derivative”).

af

A new word was introduced recently into English — undigestion. This simply refers to a lack of movement of food in the stomach and small intestine and responds to treatment with domperidone.

2000, Trevor Stone, L. Gail Darlington, Pills, Potions and Poisons : How Drugs Work:

(pharmacology) An antidopaminergic drug used to suppress nausea and vomiting.


normocapnia

(medicine) The presence of the normal amount of carbon dioxide in arterial blood


pseudopodium

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-pseudopodium.wav


discordance

en-noun

discordance (countable and uncountable, plural discordances)

(genetics) The presence of a specific genetic trait in only one of a set of clones (or identical twins).


pharmacodynamics

(pharmacology) The branch of pharmacology that studies the effects and modes of action of drugs upon the body.


pharmacodynamic

The pharmacodynamic properties of drugs

(pharmacology) Of or pertaining to pharmacodynamics.


pharmacokinetic

/ˌfɑː(ɹ)məkəʊkɪˈnɛtɪk/

the pharmacokinetic properties of a drug

The method was acceptably validated and used to perform a pharmacokinetic study of anthraquinones after oral administration of R. acetosa in rats.

2019, Hye Suk Lee, Kwang-Hyeon Liu, editors, Drug Metabolism, Pharmacokinetics and Bioanalysis, MDPI, →ISBN, page 127:

(pharmacology) Of or relating to pharmacokinetics.


bioavailability

bioavailability (countable and uncountable, plural bioavailabilities)

(biology, medicine) The extent to which a substance is molecularly available to cells and tissues in a living organism, which depends on factors such as solubility, pH level, and presence of enzymes and cofactors; for example, even if one's ingestion of vitamin B₁₂ is average/typical, one might nonetheless have B₁₂ deficiency if one has poor metabolism of this particular vitamin.

poor/low oral bioavailability

(pharmacology, nutrition) The amount of drug or nutrient which reaches the site of physiological activity after administration.

biosaatavuus

amount of drug which reaches the site of physiological activity after administration


complexus

(anatomy) A large muscle of the back, passing from the spine to the head.


blistering

Inflammations are treated generally by allopathic practitioners by bleedings, blisterings, purgings, vomitings, Antimony and Mercury: and this is practised, more or less, with little variation, wherever the seat of the inflammation may be.

1852, The American Journal of Homoeopathy, volumes 7-9, page 99:

(medicine, veterinary) The practice of forming blisters on the skin, to promote blood flow and aid healing.


d-amphetamine

(pharmacology) Alternative spelling of dextroamphetamine


-o-

Designated in the USAN guidelines for non-proprietary names of monoclonal antibodies.

(pharmacology) a monoclonal antibody derived from a murine source

-mab is the base suffix common to all monoclonal antibodies


cisplatin

cisplatin (countable and uncountable, plural cisplatins)

From cis- + -platin (“platinum derivative”).

BRCA1 sensitizes cells to apoptosis induced by antimicrotubulin agents like taxanes and vinca alkaloids and also abrogates the effect of DNA-damaging agents like cisplatin and etoposide [ 41 ].

2012 September 19, Alphy Rose-James, Sreelekha TT, “Molecular Markers with Predictive and Prognostic Relevance in Lung Cancer”, in Lung cancer international, volume 2012, →DOI:

(pharmacology, uncountable) A platinum-containing antineoplastic drug cis-diamminedichloro-platinum(II) (Cl₂H₆N₂Pt) that is cytotoxic and is used especially in the treatment of testicular and ovarian tumors and advanced bladder cancer.


VEP

(medicine) Vertebral endplate (part of a vertebral body).


radio-

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-radio-.wav

e.g. radiobicipital


cytisine

cytisine (countable and uncountable, plural cytisines)

(pharmacology) A polycyclic alkaloid whose pharmacological activity is similar to nicotine; used in the treatment of nicotinism.


radiobicipital

(anatomy) Of or pertaining to the radius and the biceps.


radiobioassay

(medicine) The analysis of radioactive material in the body or excreta


radiocardiogram

(medicine) An X-ray recording of the progress of radioactive material injected into the chambers of the heart.


radiodermatitis

(medicine) dermatitis caused by ionizing radiation


radiogold

(medicine) The radioactive isotope of gold, ¹⁹⁸₇₉Au, used in medical irradiation and in diagnosis


myiasis

myiasis (countable and uncountable, plural myiases)

From Ancient Greek μυῖα (muîa, “fly”) + -iasis.

(medicine) The infestation of a living vertebrate by maggots.

蠅蛆症 /蝇蛆症

infestation of a living vertebrate with maggots


radiohumeral

(anatomy) Of, pertaining to, or joining the radius and humerus.


radioimmunoprecipitation

(immunology) immunoprecipitation using antigens or antibodies labelled with radioisotopes


radioiodine

radioiodine (countable and uncountable, plural radioiodines)

Thyroid cells, in contrast to other cells, have the capability to organify iodine, which increases the time radioiodine can deposit energy.

2008, Kevin J. Harrington, Richard G. Vile, Hardev S. Pandha, Viral Therapy of Cancer, page 336:

(physics, medicine) The radioactive isotope of iodine, ¹³¹₅₃I, having a half-life of 8 days; used as a medical tracer


(physics, medicine) The radioactive isotope of iodine, ¹³¹₅₃I, having a half-life of eight days; used as a medical tracer


manganism

Manganism has been known about since the 19th century, when miners exposed to ores containing manganese, a silvery metal, began to totter, slur their speech and behave like someone inebriated. The poisoning was irreversible, and soon ended in psychosis and death. Nowadays workers are exposed to far lower doses and manganism is rare.

2014 April 21, “Subtle effects”, in The Economist, volume 411, number 8884:

(medicine) Manganese poisoning, a toxic condition resulting from chronic exposure to manganese.


radiomutation

(genetics) A genetic mutation due to the effects of ionizing radiation


radioneuritis

(pathology) neuritis caused by exposure to ionizing radiation


radiopharmaceutical

(pharmacology) Any radioactive substance used as a pharmaceutical


radioreceptor

(anatomy) Any receptor that responds to radiation (such as heat and light)


radiosurgery

radiosurgery (countable and uncountable, plural radiosurgeries)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-radiosurgery.wav

(surgery) The use of a directed beam of X-rays or other ionizing radiation to destroy diseased tissue.


rectus

Borrowed from Latin rēctus (“straight, upright”), clipping of mūsculus rēctus (“straight muscle”).

clipping

rectus abdominis
rectus abdominis#English

(anatomy) Any of several straight muscles in various parts of the body, as of the abdomen, thigh, eye etc.

(anatomy) Any of a number of muscles controlling the movement of the eyeball.


DI

en-noun

DI (countable and uncountable, plural DIs)

dens invaginatus
dens invaginatus#English

(medicine) Initialism of dens invaginatus.

diabetes insipidus
diabetes insipidus#English

(medicine) Initialism of diabetes insipidus.

disposition index
disposition index#English

(medicine) Initialism of disposition index.


ligneous conjunctivitis

(medicine) A rare condition characterized by chronic, recurrent conjunctivitis associated with a pseudomembrane, and it may involve other mucous membranes in the mouth, nasopharynx, trachea, and vagina.


diverticulum

diverticulum (plural diverticulums or diverticula)

diverticulums (plural)
diverticula (plural)

From Latin dīverticulum, alternative form of dēverticulum (“byroad; deviation”), from dēvertō (“turn away, turn aside”).

Diverticula are small, light-bulb-shaped pouches in the bowel wall, resulting from the tissue in the gut bulging outwards under pressure.

2015, Giulia Enders, translated by David Shaw, Gut, Scribe, published 2016, page 16:

(anatomy) A small out-pouching of an organ wall such as the large intestine or urinary bladder.


mesentery

From Late Latin mesenterium, from Ancient Greek μεσεντέρῐον (mesentérĭon), from μέσος (mésos, “middle”) + ἔντερον (énteron, “gut”).

(anatomy) The membrane that attaches the intestines to the wall of the abdomen, maintaining their position in the abdominal cavity, and supplying them with blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics.

аԥакьалҵӷа

the membrane that attaches the intestines to the wall of the abdomen


climacteric

en-adj

climacteric (comparative more climacteric, superlative most climacteric)

more climacteric (comparative)
most climacteric (superlative)

From Latin clīmactēricus, from Koine Greek κλιμακτηρικός (klimaktērikós, “scale, progression, gradation”), from κλιμακτήρ (klimaktḗr).

der

κλιμακτηρικός

(medicine) Relating to a period of physiological change during middle age; especially, menopausal.

klimakterisch

relating to a period of physiological change during middle age


climacteric

κλιμακτηρικός

Once women have traversed the turmoil of the climacteric years and reached the hormonal steady-state of the post-menopause, there is almost certainly no increase in the incidence of depression.

1998, Roger N J Smith, John W. W. Studd, The Menopause and Hormone Replacement Therapy, page 8:

(medicine) The period of life that leads up to and follows the end of menstruation in women; the menopause.

Klimakterium

3. The period of life that leads up to and follows the end of menstruation in women


multivalent

en-adj

multivalent (comparative more multivalent, superlative most multivalent)

more multivalent (comparative)
most multivalent (superlative)

(genetics) Having three or more homologous chromosomes during the first division of meiosis.

(immunology) Having more than one attachment site for an antibody or antigen.


CAG

en-noun

CAG (countable and uncountable, plural CAGs)

(medicine) Initialism of coronary artery graft.

(genetics, biochemistry) The nucleobase coding triplet cytosine (C), adenine (A), guanine (G).


gynoid

The work intensity and duration was identical in android and gynoid obese women in this study, making it unlikely that energy expenditure in the training program was different in these two groups.

1987, Richard J. Wurtman, Judith J. Wurtman, Human Obesity, New York Academy of Sciences, page 71:

2008, Sharon Plowman, Denise Smith, Exercise Physiology for Health, Fitness, and Performance, Benjamin Cummings, Wolters Kluwer, 2nd Edition, page 219,
Alpha-receptors predominate in the lower body and are thus more abundant in the gynoid pattern.

As a result, measured ratios of estrogen to testosterone in women predict their ratios of gynoid fat to android fat (Singh, 1993, 1995, 2002a,b; Kirchengast et al., 1997). As should also be expected, women with higher ratios of gynoid to android fat are more fertile than their counterparts with lower ratios (Kirchengast et al., 1997; Singh, 1993, 1995, 2002a,b).

2008, Randy Thornhill, Steven W. Gangestad, The Evolutionary Biology of Human Female Sexuality, Oxford University Press, page 114:

(biology, anatomy) Of, pertaining to or following the distribution pattern of the type of body fat, more prevalent in women, that forms around the hips, breasts and thighs and is relatively rich in the long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids which are important in the development of foetuses.


suppressor

(genetics) A gene that suppresses the effect of another through epistasis.


meningomyelocele

Meningo comes from the root meninges, meaning "brain lining"
Myel comes from the Greek root myelos, meaning the marrow/brain/spinal cord
Cele comes from the Greek word kēlē, meaning tumor or hernia.

central nervous system
central nervous system

(medicine) A congenital defect of the central nervous system of infants in which membranes and the spinal cord protrude through an opening or defect in the vertebral column.


gastroenteritis

gastroenteritis (countable and uncountable, plural gastroenterites or gastroenteritides)

gastroenterites (plural)
gastroenteritides (plural)

(medicine) Inflammation of the mucous membranes of the stomach and intestine; often caused by an infection.


PEEP

(medicine) Acronym of positive end-expiratory pressure.


phenobarbital

phenobarbital (countable and uncountable, plural phenobarbitals)

(pharmacology) A narcotic and sedative barbiturate drug used chiefly to treat epilepsy.


flunitrazepam

From flu(oro)- + nitr- + -azepam. First use appears c. 1973 in the South African Medical Journal.

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) A short-acting benzodiazepine derivative with relatively long-lasting sedative effects, used as a hypnotic and as a premedication for anesthesia; 5-(2-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-1-methyl-7-nitro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one, C₁₆H₁₂FN₃O₃.


AVM

AVM (countable and uncountable, plural AVMs)

arteriovenous malformation
arteriovenous malformation#English

(medicine, pathology, countable) Initialism of arteriovenous malformation.

avian vacuolar myelinopathy
avian vacuolar myelinopathy#English

(pathology, ornithology) Initialism of avian vacuolar myelinopathy.


arteriovenous malformation

arteriovenous malformation (plural arteriovenous malformations)

(pathology) A congenital disorder in which arteries are connected directly to veins rather than through capillaries that distribute oxygen and nutrients. These connections, often called a nidus, can be extremely fragile and prone to bleeding.


risk equalisation

(health insurance) A process that attempts to overcome differences in insurers’ costs due to differing levels of health among members of competing insurance companies.


veisalgia

From Norwegian kveis (“uneasiness after debauchery”) + -algia + -pain, suffering (from New Latin -algia, from Ancient Greek ἄλγος (álgos, “pain”)), coined as a medical term by Jeffrey G. Wiese, Michael G. Shlipak, and Warren S. Browner in a 2000 article published in the Annals of Internal Medicine (see the quotation).

der

There is no consensus definition of veisalgia ("alcohol hangover," from the Norwegian kveis, or "uneasiness following debauchery," and the Greek algia, or "pain"). Most descriptive and experimental studies have identified a set of common symptoms: headache, diarrhea, anorexia, tremulousness, fatigue, and nausea[…]. Perhaps the most alarming feature of veisalgia is its high prevalence. In a study of college students, 25% of students reported experiencing a hangover in the previous week and 29% reported losing school time for hangover recovery.

2000 June 6, Jeffrey G. Wiese, Michael G. Shlipak, Warren S. Browner, “The Alcohol Hangover”, in Annals of Internal Medicine, volume 132, number 11, →DOI, pages 897–902:

Ms. J may be caught in the vicious cycle of headache related to a hangover, drinking more to relieve the headache and tremor (perceived as anxiety), daytime sleeping, and using the alcohol to try and induce sleep at night. The tremulousness, which the patient experiences as anxiety, is also part of the veisalgia syndrome.

2005, Judith C. Ahronheim, Zheng-Bo Huang, Vincent Yen, Christina M. Davitt, David Barile, “Case 27: Headache”, in Case Studies in Geriatrics, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 182:

Patients with alcohol hangover or veisalgia (from the Norwegian kveis or "uneasiness following debauchery" and the Greek algia or "pain") suffer from fatigue, insomnia, diarrhea, headaches, dry mouth, malaise, and nausea in addition to autonomic hyperactivity (tremor, sweating, tachycardia, and hypertension)[…].

2011, Nischita K. Reddy, Ashwani Singal, Don W. Powell, “Alcohol-related Diarrhea”, in Stefano Guandalini, Haleh Vaziri, editors, Diarrhea: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Advances (Clinical Gastroenterology), New York, N.Y., Dordrecht: Humana Press, →DOI, →ISBN, page 385:

(medicine) The unpleasant after-effects of the consumption of alcohol; a hangover.

Anchers Hus
Annals of Internal Medicine
Christian Krohg
Skagen


debridement

en-noun

debridement (countable and uncountable, plural debridements)

Originally, debridement of wounds was widely employed so that healing could occur as an acute wound instead of a chronic wound.

2021, Stephen Andrew Moore, Angela Yen Moore, “The Role of Biofilms and the Microbiome”, in Stephen K. Tyring, Stephen Andrew Moore, Angela Yen Moore, Omar Lupi, editors, Overcoming Antimicrobial Resistance of the Skin (Updates in Clinical Dermatology), Springer Nature Switzerland AG, published 2022, →ISBN, part V (Innovative Therapies on the Forefront), page 209, column 1:

(medicine) The removal of dead, damaged, or infected tissue to improve the healing potential of the remaining healthy tissue.

parage

the removal of dead, damaged, or infected tissue to improve the healing potential of the remaining healthy tissue

(dentistry) The removal of the dental tartar that has accumulated over teeth, typically done using hand tools and ultrasound instruments.


enhancement

enhancement (countable and uncountable, plural enhancements)

The enhancement characteristics of a PNET on CT may also have prognostic value, as lesions that hypoenhance on CT scan tend to have worse overall survival than lesions that are isoenhancing or hyperenhancing (5-year survival 54% vs 89% vs 93%).

2016, Nuzhat A. Ahmad, Management of Pancreatic Diseases:

(radiology) The degree to which the image of a scan stands out as a bright area.


homology

homology (countable and uncountable, plural homologies)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-homology.wav

Henri Poincaré
Homology
MathWorld
singular homology

From homo- + -logy.
In topology, first used by French polymath Henri Poincaré, in the sense (close to what is now called a bordism) of a relation between manifolds mapped into a reference manifold: that is, the property of such manifolds that they form the boundary of a higher-dimensional manifold inside the reference manifold. Poincaré's version was eventually replaced by the more general singular homology, which is what mathematicians now mean by homology.

homologia

biology, psychology: relationship of having a common evolutionary or developmental origin

The relationship of being homologous; a homologous relationship.

(genetics) The presence of the same series of bases in different but related genes.

homologia

genetics: presence of the same series of bases in related genes


acquired immune deficiency syndrome

acquired immune deficiency syndrome (uncountable)

(pathology) An infectious disease, caused by HIV, that causes the gradual degeneration of the body's immune system.

infectious disease caused by HIV — see also AIDS

sindromi i mungesës së imunitetit të fituar

مُتَلَازِمَة نَقْص المَنَاعَة المُكْتَسَب

jeṙkʻberovi imunayin anbavararutʻyan hamaxtaniš

ձեռքբերովի իմունային անբավարարության համախտանիշ

sýndromo epíktitis anosologikís anepárkeias

σύνδρομο επίκτητης ανοσολογικής ανεπάρκειας

timim sapunniaġutiŋi inuŋasimmata naŋirrutinun

後天性免疫不全症候群

こうてんせいめんえきふぜんしょうこうぐん

jüre paida bolğan immunitet tapşylyğynyñ sindromy

жүре пайда болған иммунитет тапшылығының синдромы

jüre paida bolğan immundyq tapşylyq sindromy

жүре пайда болған иммундық тапшылық синдромы

naałniih yichʼą́ą́h naabaahígíí bąąh dahooʼaahgo


fusiform gyrus

fusiform gyrus (plural fusiform gyri or fusiform gyruses)

fusiform gyri (plural)
fusiform gyruses (plural)

(anatomy) A structure within the temporal lobe of the human brain, believed to be involved in colour processing and the recognition of faces, bodies, and words.


gyrus

From Latin gȳrus (“circle”), from Ancient Greek γῦρος (gûros). Doublet of gyro and gyre.

Coordinate term: sulcus

The sulci and gyri are the grooves and ridges, respectively.

(anatomy) A fold or ridge on the cerebral cortex of the brain.


fornicate gyrus

fornicate gyrus (plural fornicate gyri or fornicate gyruses)

fornicate gyri (plural)
fornicate gyruses (plural)

parahippocampal gyrus
parahippocampal gyrus

(anatomy) A horseshoe-shaped section of the cerebral cortex, comprising the cingulate gyrus and the parahippocampal gyrus.


fornix

Borrowing from Latin fornix (“an arch, vault”).

(anatomy) An archlike or vaulted structure or fold:

The junction where the conjunctiva lining the eyelid meets the conjunctiva overlying the sclera.

(neuroanatomy) A triangular area of white matter in the mammalian brain beneath the corpus callosum and between the hippocampus and the hypothalamus.

The vaulted upper part of the vagina surrounding the uterine cervix.


binge eating disorder

(medicine) Recurrent binge eating, but without the purging associated with bulimia nervosa.

transtorno da compulsão alimentar periódica


bioactivity

bioactivity (countable and uncountable, plural bioactivities)

(biology, medicine) Biologic activity, such as biochemical or immunologic reactivity: the biologic effect (function or dysfunction, benefit or toxicity) of a substance.


immunisation

immunisation (countable and uncountable, plural immunisations)

From French immunisation. Equivalent to immunise + -ation or immune + -isation.

The larger the number of immunised people in the community the less easy is the spread of disease from one person to another. […] For the purpose of creating ‘herd immunity’, as this process is sometimes called, it is necessary to achieve 80 per cent immunisation of the community.

1978, G. J. Ebrahim, Practical Mother and Child Health in Developing Countries (Macmillan Tropical Community Health Manuals), revised edition, London: The Macmillan Press, →ISBN; ELBS edition, London: English Language Book Society and Macmillan Education, 1980 (1982 printing), →ISBN, page 56:

All babies born in the UK will receive the hepatitis B jab as part of their routine immunisations from the autumn in an effort to drive down viral infections that cause cirrhosis and liver cancer.

2017 July 9, Ian Sample, “Hepatitis B jab to be added to immunisations of babies born in UK”, in The Guardian:

(British spelling, immunology) Alternative spelling of immunization


cingulate gyrus

cingulate gyrus (plural cingulate gyri or cingulate gyruses)

cingulate gyri (plural)
cingulate gyruses (plural)

(neuroanatomy) A section of the cerebral cortex, belonging to the fornicate gyrus, which arches over the corpus callosum.


corpus callosum

corpus callosum (plural corpora callosa)

(neuroanatomy) In placental mammals, a broad band of nerve fibres that connects the left and right hemispheres of the brain.


dentate gyrus

dentate gyrus (plural dentate gyri or dentate gyruses)

dentate gyri (plural)
dentate gyruses (plural)

The team found levels of these “mother cells” dropped with age in the front and middle region of the dentate gyrus.

2018 April 5, Nicola Davis, The Guardian:

(anatomy) A serrated section of the cerebral cortex, belonging to the hippocampus.


uncus

(anatomy, by extension) Any body part which is long, thin, and curved.

(neuroanatomy) Specifically, the hooked end of the parahippocampal gyrus of the temporal lobe.


parahippocampal gyrus

parahippocampal gyrus (plural parahippocampal gyri or parahippocampal gyruses)

parahippocampal gyri (plural)
parahippocampal gyruses (plural)

(anatomy) A section of the cerebral cortex that surrounds the hippocampus and which is the lower part of the fornicate gyrus.


conidiogenous

en-adj

conidiogenous (comparative more conidiogenous, superlative most conidiogenous)

more conidiogenous (comparative)
most conidiogenous (superlative)

(cytology) That promotes conidiogenesis in fungi.


frons

Borrowed from Latin frōns (“the forehead, brow, front”). Doublet of front.

bor

(anatomy) In vertebrates, especially mammals, the forehead; the part of the cranium between the orbits and the vertex.


tertian

From Middle English tertiān, terciān, terciāne (adjective and noun), originally often as part of the collocation fever cum terciane, after Latin febris cum tertiānā. Compare the "third" essence of tertiary.

(medicine, of a fever) Characterised by paroxysms recurring every other day (that is, every third day by inclusive reckoning).


hypericin

en-noun

hypericin (countable and uncountable, plural hypericins)

(organic chemistry, medicine) A red-coloured anthraquinone derivative, extracted from St. John's wort or prepared synthetically, used as an antidepressant and antiviral agent.


Roussel+UCLAF+486, from Usines Chimiques des Laboratoires Français. From French RU-486. From the codename RU-38486, the 38,486th compound synthesized by Roussel-Uclaf; then shortened to RU-486.


(pharmacology) A drug formulation containing the active agent mifepristone


mifepristone

Dutch: mifepriston

French: mifépristone

German: Mifepriston

Italian: mifepristone

Vietnamese: mifepristone

From (a)mi(no)phe(nyl) + pr(opargyl) + ist- (“alteration of (o)est(radiol)”) + -one.

af

Now a year later, as the courts consider the fate of mifepristone and abortion providers gird for the possibility of a miso-only protocol, Cristina says that she’s grateful she was able to end her unwanted pregnancy, although she knows not everyone has access to the same resources […]

2023 July 31, Sara Hutchinson, “Having an Abortion at Home? There’s a Hotline for That”, in Cosmopolitan:

(pharmacology) A steroid medication that inhibits the action of progesterone, typically given orally in combination with misoprostol in early pregnancy to induce abortion.

mifepriston

steroid medication used to induce abortion

-pris-

steroid compound acting on progesterone receptors


cytohesin

(biochemistry, immunology) Any of a family of proteins, abundant in cells of the immune system, that are regulatory factors in lymphocytes.


venesection

en-noun

venesection (countable and uncountable, plural venesections)

She had paſſed through the milder Remedies frequently without ſucceſs: upon which account I deſigned Mercurialls; and beginning with Venæſection, afterwards purged her with decoct. epithymi, as it is preſcribed in the method of Cure.

1676, Richard Wiseman, “Of Lepra, or Elephantiasis”, in Several Chirurgicall Treatises, London: Printed by E. Flesher and J[ohn] Macock, for R[ichard] Royston […], and B[enjamin] Took […], →OCLC, 1st book (A Treatise of Tumours), page 139:

His teachings on plethora and venesection remained influential until the nineteenth century.

1997, Roy Porter, The Greatest Benefit to Mankind, Folio Society, published 2016, page 74:

(medicine) Cutting open or exposing a vein; phlebotomy.


channelopathy

channelopathy (countable and uncountable, plural channelopathies)

(medicine) Any inherited disease caused by a mutation in the genes that code for ion channel subunits or the proteins that regulate them.


sporozoite

/spɒɹəˈzəʊʌɪt/

Ross […] was then able to outline its history within the mosquito: first, as a zygote in the stomach; then as an oocyst in the stomach wall; and finally as a mature sporozoite that reaches first the proboscis and then a human host when the insect bites and squirts its saliva prior to sucking blood.

1997, Roy Porter, The Greatest Benefit to Mankind, Folio Society, published 2016, page 453:

(cytology) Any of the minute active bodies into which a sporozoan divides just before it infects a new host cell.


immunodominant

(immunology) Relating to the epitope of a molecule that provokes the most intense immune response


roscovitine

(medicine) A drug currently (2006) on trial for the treatment of leukemia, herpes and HIV infection.


autistic spectrum disorder

autistic spectrum disorder (plural autistic spectrum disorders)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-autistic spectrum disorder.wav

(medicine) Any disorder characterised by symptoms associated with autism.

autism

the specific form, not the generic synonym for ASD


bulimarexia

(pathology) An eating disorder that occurs when a person has both anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa.

(pathology, uncommon) Synonym of bulimia nervosa.


cruciate sulcus

(anatomy) A major fissure in the brains of some mammals equivalent to the central sulcus of primates.


central sulcus

(neuroanatomy) A fissure in the cerebral cortex of primates; it separates the parietal lobe from the frontal lobe


fibrous dysplasia

fibrous dysplasia (countable and uncountable, plural fibrous dysplasias)

(medicine) The replacement of an area of bone by fibrous tissue; often linked with premature sexual development as part of a syndrome


infacility

(medicine) The inability to quickly adjust one’s focus when looking from near to far (or the converse).


neurotoxicology

(neuroscience, toxicology) The scientific study of poisoning by neurotoxins.


tunicate

Borrowed from Latin tunicātus, see Etymology 1 and -ate (adjective-forming suffix).

This tunicate withered hag the Señora had my financial number.

1976 September, Saul Bellow, Humboldt’s Gift, New York, N.Y.: Avon Books, →ISBN, page 404:

(anatomy, botany) Enclosed in a tunic or mantle; covered or coated with layers.


initiation codon

initiation codon (plural initiation codons)

(genetics) A codon that signals the first amino acid to be used in the synthesis of the polypeptide chain of a protein; either AUG or GUG


catabiosis

(medicine) The physiological process by which cells physically degrade due to age


microbiome

From micro- + biome or blend of microbiota + genome.

The human microbiota consists of the 10-100 trillion symbiotic microbial cells harbored by each person, primarily bacteria in the gut; the human microbiome consists of the genes these cells harbor.

2012 August 7, “Defining the Human Microbiome”, in Nutrition Reviews, volume 70, number Suppl. 1, pages S38–S44:

Your body’s microbiome is all the genes your microbiota contains, however colloquially the two terms are often used interchangeably.

2018 March 26, Nicola Davis, “The human microbiome: why our microbes could be key to our health”, in The Guardian:

(genetics) The genetic information (genomes) of a microbiota.


angiogenesis

Some of the most promising new cancer drugs block this process of ‘angiogenesis’, or blood-vessel formation.

1999, Matt Ridley, Genome, Harper Perennial, published 2004, page 238:

(medicine, zoology) The formation and development of new blood vessels.


vasculature

vasculature (countable and uncountable, plural vasculatures)

From Latin vāsculum (“vessel”) + a suffix -ature. Compare ossature, musculature.

(anatomy) The arrangement of blood vessels in the body, or within an organ.


genotoxin

(oncology) Any substance capable of causing damage to cellular DNA and thus producing mutations or cancer.


somatotropin

somatotropin (countable and uncountable, plural somatotropins)

(biology, medicine) Synonym of growth hormone


GH

(medicine, biochemistry) Initialism of growth hormone.

The ambulatory surgery center (ASC) differs from the general hospital (GH) in several respects. […] The ASC has many advantages over the GH facility, some of which are financial and others related to patient flow and satisfaction. Clearly, a facility that has a limited purpose and scope can eliminate many services and costs that are necessary in the GH.

2000, Michael Lavan, “Facilities for Ambulatory Surgery. Part A: The Freestanding Ambulatory Surgery Center”, in H. Randolph Bailey, Michael J. Snyder, editors, Ambulatory Anorectal Surgery, Springer, →ISBN, page 1:

(medicine) Initialism of general hospital.


GH

GH joint

(anatomy, medicine) Initialism of glenohumeral.


phylloquinone

phylloquinone (countable and uncountable, plural phylloquinones)

From phyllo- (“leaf”) + (naphtho)quinone.

(biochemistry, pharmacology) Synonym of phytomenadione.


collectrin

(genetics) The gene that codes for this protein.


phytonadione

(biochemistry, pharmacology) Alternative form of phytomenadione.


phytomenadione

(biochemistry, pharmacology) A yellow oily naphthoquinone C₃₁H₄₆O₂ that is obtained especially from alfalfa, cabbage, spinach, and other leafy green vegetables or made synthetically and that has a fast, potent, and prolonged biological effect. It is essential for the blood-clotting process, effective orally, and useful especially in treating hypoprothrombinemia induced by anticoagulant drugs (trademark Mephyton).


menaquinone

(biochemistry, pharmacology) A pale yellow crystalline naphthoquinone C₄₁H₅₆O₂ that is obtained especially from putrefied fish meal and produced by bacteria in the large intestine and essential for the blood-clotting process. It is much more unsaturated than vitamin K₁ and slightly less active biologically, and is an isoprenoid derivative of menadione.