polycrotic

polycrotic (comparative more polycrotic, superlative most polycrotic)

more polycrotic (comparative)
most polycrotic (superlative)

From Ancient Greek πολύς (polús, “multiple, many”) + κρότος (krótos, “knocking, rattling”), modeled on dicrotic.

uder

a polycrotic pulse

a polycrotic pulse curve

(physiology) Of or pertaining to polycrotism; manifesting polycrotism


polycrotism

(physiology) That state or condition of the pulse in which the pulse curve, or sphygmogram, shows several secondary crests or elevations.


soil

From Middle English soilen, soulen, suylen (“to sully, make dirty”), partly from Old French soillier, souillier (“to soil, make dirty, wallow in mire”), from Old Frankish *saulijan, *sulwijan (“to make dirty, soil”); partly from Old English solian, sylian (“to soil, make dirty”), from Proto-Germanic *sulwōną, *sulwijaną, *saulijaną (“to soil, make dirty”), from Proto-Indo-European *sūl- (“thick liquid”). Cognate with Old Frisian sulia (“to soil, mire”), Middle Dutch soluwen, seulewen (“to soil, besmirch”), Old High German solōn, bisulen (“to make dirty”), German suhlen (“to soil, make dirty”), Danish søle (“to make dirty, defile”), Swedish söla (“to soil, make dirty”), Gothic 𐌱𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌿𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽 (bisauljan, “to bemire”). Compare sully.

cog

(countable, medicine) A bag containing soiled items.


AP

en-noun

AP (countable and uncountable, plural APs)

He pointed out that the annual cost of AP prophylaxis is $2100, and that a single hospitalization for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) costs six times that amount. (AP is generally regarded as an effective preventive for PCP)

1989 April 22, Chris Bull, “Medicare Planning To Cut Funding For AIDS Drugs”, in Gay Community News, page 1:

(uncountable, pharmacology) Initialism of aerosolized pentamidine.


AP

Coordinate term: PA

AP radiograph shows an exophytic type of exostosis. [image caption]

2016, B.J. Manaster, “Osteochondroma”, in B.J. Manaster, editor, Diagnostic Imaging: Musculoskeletal: Non-Traumatic Disease, 2nd edition, Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier, →ISBN, page 250:

(medicine) Initialism of anteroposterior.


MG

MG (countable and uncountable, plural MGs)

myasthenia gravis
myasthenia gravis#English

(countable, pathology) Initialism of myasthenia gravis.


MS

MS (countable and uncountable, plural MSes)

(pharmacology) Initialism of morphine sulfate.

(cardiology) Initialism of mitral stenosis.

multiple sclerosis
multiple sclerosis#English

(neurology, uncountable) Initialism of multiple sclerosis.


PA

PA (countable and uncountable, plural PAs)

physician assistant
physician assistant#English

(medicine) Initialism of physician assistant.

physician associate
physician associate#English

(medicine) Initialism of physician associate.

pulmonary artery
pulmonary artery#English

(anatomy) Initialism of pulmonary artery.


PA

Coordinate term: AP (“anteroposterior”)

Alternative form: P-A

(medicine) Initialism of posteroanterior.


PE

PE (countable and uncountable, plural PEs)

pulmonary embolism
pulmonary embolism#English

(medicine) Initialism of pulmonary embolism.

premature ejaculation
premature ejaculation#English

(medicine) Initialism of premature ejaculation.


PI

PI (countable and uncountable, plural PIs)

protease inhibitor
protease inhibitor#English

(pharmacology) Initialism of protease inhibitor.

(medicine) Initialism of ponderal index.

penile inversion
penile inversion#English

(surgery) Initialism of penile inversion.


PR

PR (countable and uncountable, plural PRs)

Coordinate term: CR

(medicine) Initialism of partial response.

prothrombin ratio
prothrombin ratio#English

(hematology) Initialism of prothrombin ratio.


PR

Georgian: პიარი (ṗiari)

(medicine) Initialism of per rectal or per rectum.


RR

RR (countable and uncountable, plural RRs)

(statistics, epidemiology) Initialism of relative risk.


SC

Alternative form: s.c.

(medicine) Abbreviation of subcutaneous.


SC

SC (countable and uncountable, plural SCs)

(medicine) Initialism of subcutaneous injection.


AB

AB (countable and uncountable, plural ABs)


NB

NBs are also seen in newborns and may be detected in the fetus by antenatal imaging, most often associated with favourable prognostic features. Common sites for primary NB are the adrenal glands (48%), extraadrenal retroperitoneum […]

2014, Andy Adam, Adrian K. Dixon, Jonathan H Gillard, Cornelia Schaefer-Prokop, Ronald G. Grainger, David J. Allison, Grainger & Allison's Diagnostic Radiology E-Book, Elsevier Health Sciences, →ISBN, page 1972:

(oncology) Abbreviation of neuroblastoma.


NF

(US, pharmacology) Initialism of National Formulary, a book of public pharmacopeial standards.


NF

necrotizing fasciitis
necrotizing fasciitis#English

(pathology) Initialism of necrotizing fasciitis.

(pathology) Initialism of neurofibromatosis.


CH

CH (countable and uncountable, plural CHs)

cluster headache
cluster headache#English

(medicine) Initialism of cluster headache.


CM

Sense "commercial" is a borrowing from Japanese CM (CM, “promotional video”), from English commercial + message.

College of Medicine
w:en:College of Medicine

(medicine) Initialism of College of Medicine.


CS

(medicine) Initialism of Coma scale, often the Glasgow Coma Scale.


GT

(endocrinology) Initialism of gain of thyroid.


MC

MC (countable and uncountable, plural MCs or MC's)

molluscum contagiosum
molluscum contagiosum#English

(medicine, pathology) Initialism of molluscum contagiosum.


NA (countable and uncountable, plural NAs)

nursing assistant
nursing assistant#English

nurse's assistant
nurse's assistant#English

(medicine) Initialism of nursing assistant or nurse's assistant or nurse-assistant.


QR

QR (countable and uncountable, plural QRs)

1. Patient will remain in the open quiet room (QR) with 6 possible 30-minute "out-times" per day. 2. Patient may have reading materials, writing materials, and one craft at a time in the QR.

2013, Steven Wiley Emmett, Theory and Treatment of Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia:


SI

SI joint

(anatomy, medicine) Initialism of sacroiliac.


TB

TB (countable and uncountable, plural TBs)


AR

AR (countable and uncountable, plural ARs)

artificial respiration
artificial respiration#English

(emergency medicine) Initialism of artificial respiration.


CT

CT (countable and uncountable, plural CTs)

computed tomography
computed tomography#English

(medicine) Initialism of computed tomography.

Initialism of computed tomography.
A CT scan.

An appointment with a clinician at which the patient or partner(s) can receive testing and care for all STDs and HIV is the preferred management strategy for CT and GC [gonorrhea] treatment.

2012, California Department of Public Health Sexually Transmitted Diseases Control Branch, California STD Controllers Association, “Executive Summary”, in Guidelines for the Treatment of Chlamydia and Gonorrhea Cases and Exposed Sexual Partners by Health Department Staff in Non-Clinical Settings, page 3:

Chlamydia trachomatis
w:Chlamydia trachomatis

(medicine) Initialism of Chlamydia trachomatis; chlamydia.


CT

en-verb

CT (third-person singular simple present CTs, present participle CTing, simple past and past participle CTed)

CTs (present singular third-person)
CTing (participle present)
CTed (participle past)
CTed (past)

There's a certain something that emanates from a confused patient that this fellow doesn't have. I sure wish I had more 'terps. Well, we're not going to CT him right away. There are two other fellows before him. “Get a plain film of his head, Tim. […]”

2013, Marc Dauphin, Combat Doctor: Life and Death Stories from Kandahar's Military Hospital, Toronto: Dundurn Press, →ISBN, page 197:

(transitive, medicine, informal) To perform a CT scan on.


KS

Tom Shaheen has AIDS. He has shortness of breath, very little energy much of the time, and KS lesions that are sometimes embarrassing marks and sometimes weapons.

1991 May 4, Walta Borawksi, “A Sort of Homecoming”, in Gay Community News, page 7:

Kaposi's sarcoma
Kaposi's sarcoma#English

(medicine) Initialism of Kaposi's sarcoma.

(medicine) Initialism of Keutel syndrome.

Kallmann syndrome
Kallmann syndrome#English

(medicine) Initialism of Kallmann syndrome.

Klinefelter syndrome
Klinefelter syndrome#English

(medicine) Initialism of Klinefelter syndrome.


sound

sound (third-person singular simple present sounds, present participle sounding, simple past and past participle sounded)

sounds (present singular third-person)
sounding (participle present)
sounded (participle past)
sounded (past)

From Middle English sounden, from Old French sonder, from sonde (“sounding line”) of Germanic origin, compare Old English sundgyrd (“a sounding rod”), sundline (“a sounding line”), Old English sund (“water, sea”). More at Etymology 3 above.

to sound a patient, or the bladder or urethra

(medicine) To examine with the instrument called a sound or sonde, or by auscultation or percussion.


sound

Sound (disambiguation)
sound (medical instrument)

Most mild cases respond very nicely to such relatively simple office procedures as dilatations with sounds of increasing calibre, followed by the instillation of an ounce of 5 per cent argyrol in the bladder.

1951 January, Gordon W. Reynolds, “The Female Urethra and Chronic Urethritis”, in Northwest Medicine, volume 50, number 1, Portland, Ore.: Northwest Medical Publishing Association, page 34:

(medicine) A long, thin probe for sounding or dilating body cavities or canals such as the urethra; a sonde.


LA

(anatomy, medicine) Initialism of left atrium.

local anesthetic
local anesthetic#English

(pharmacology) Initialism of local anesthetic.


MD

(US, medicine) Symbol (usually a postnominal) indicating a medical degree; medical physician or medical doctor; doctor(ate) of medicine

Initialism of medical doctor. (medical physician; medical surgeon)

medicinae doctor (doctor medicinae
w:Doctor of Medicine

Initialism of doctorate of medicine. (medical degree; originally from New Latin medicinae doctor (doctor medicinae))

doctorate of medicine

(British, medicine) Medicinae Doctor: Symbol indicating a higher research doctorate in medicine; Doctor of Medicine

(medicine) Abbreviation of medical device.

macular degeneration
macular degeneration#English

(pathology) Abbreviation of macular degeneration.


MI

en-noun

MI (countable and uncountable, plural MIs)

myocardial infarction
myocardial infarction#English

(cardiology) Initialism of myocardial infarction.

(cardiology) Initialism of mitral insufficiency.

(medicine) Initialism of mechanical index.

(medicine) Initialism of medical inspection.


MN

(medicine) Abbreviation of master of/in nursing.


MO

(dentistry) Initialism of mesio-occlusal.


OR

OR (countable and uncountable, plural ORs)

(anatomy, countable) Initialism of odorant receptor.

(anatomy, countable) Initialism of olfactory receptor.


SD

We estimated that the following percentage of elements were correctly assembled: 95.4% of alpha satellites; 91.5% of human satellites 2 and 3; 97.7% of segmental duplications (SDs); 94.3% of variable number tandem repeats (VNTRs); 94.2% of short tandem repeats (STRs); and 98.8% of all human repeats²⁶.

2023 May 11, Wen-Wei LiaoMobin AsriJana Ebleret al., “A draft human pangenome reference”, in Nature, volume 617, →DOI, page 313:

segmental duplication
w:segmental duplication

(genetics) Initialism of segmental duplication.


oral

Early 17th century borrowing from Late Latin ōrālis, from ōs (“the mouth”) + -ālis (“-al”, adjectival suffix).

af

(pharmacology) Done or taken by the mouth.

Relating to the mouth.
Done or taken by the mouth.

(psychoanalysis, in Freudian theory) Relating to or denoting a stage of infantile psychosexual development during which libidinal gratification is derived from intake (as of food), by sucking, and later by biting.


draw

en-verb

draw (third-person singular simple present draws, present participle drawing, simple past drew, past participle drawn or (colloquial and nonstandard) drew)

draws (present singular third-person)
drawing (participle present)
drew (past)
drawn (participle past)
drew (colloquial nonstandard participle past)
draw (infinitive)

From Middle English drawen, draȝen, dragen (“to drag, pull, push, draw (out), go to, make, add, etc.”), from Old English dragan, from Proto-West Germanic *dragan, from Proto-Germanic *draganą, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰregʰ- (“to draw, pull”). Doublet of drag and draught.
Cognates
* Albanian dredh (“to turn, spin”)
* Danish drage
* Dutch dragen
* German tragen (“to carry”)
* Old Armenian դառնամ (daṙnam, “to turn”)
* Sanskrit ध्रजस् (dhrájas, “gliding course or motion”)
* West Frisian drage

snímat

cardgames: to take the top card of a deck into hand

every miller draws water to his own mill

one hair of a woman can draw more than a hundred pair of oxen

(transitive, medicine, now rare) To extract (pus, humours, etc.) by means of medical treatment.


chromosome

/ˈkɹəʊ.məˌsəʊm/

/ˈkɹəʊ.məˌzəʊm/

19th century: from German Chromosom, ultimately from Ancient Greek χρῶμα (khrôma, “colour”) + σῶμα (sôma, “body”) (because they are stained under the microscope). Equivalent to chromo- + -some.

Chromosomes store genetic information.

A length of DNA is divided into segments called chromosomes and shorter individual units called genes.

2019, Bill Bryson, The Body: A Guide for Occupants, Black Swan (2020), page 7:

(cytology, genetics) A linear arrangement of condensed DNA and associated proteins (such as chaperone proteins) which contains the genetic material (genome) of an organism.


bruit

Borrowed from French bruit (“noise; report, rumour”), from Old French bruit (“noise; sounds”); see further at etymology 1.

Gentlemen,—At the close of my last lecture I asserted that the bruit of the heart does not reside in the organ itself, that is to say, is not produced by any mechanism in the interior of the heart, or by a concurrence of circumstances independent of the surrounding organs. I showed you this clearly in the heart of the swan, whose sternum we removed. Upon opening the pericardium and placing the ear close to the heart, or even employing the stethoscope, no bruit or sound of any kind was to be distinguished.

1835 February 14, F[rançois] Magendie, “Physiology. Lectures on the Physical Conditions of the Tissues of the Body, as Applied to the Explanation of the Vital Phenomena. […] Lecture XVIII.”, in Thomas Wakley, editor, The Lancet, volume I, number 598, London: […] Mills & Co., […], →ISSN, →OCLC, page 697, column 1:

Besides chlorosis, there are several analogous affections, especially such as proceed from large losses of blood, in which the arterial bruits are generally very distinctly perceptible. In all these cases the existence of the bruits coincides with a more than ordinary fulness of the pulse: when this ceases, the bruits become invariably less and less manifest. [Translated from the Archives Generales de Medecine.]

1838 October 1, “Researches on the Cause of the Abnormal Auscultatory Sounds in the Large Arteries, &c. By M. Beau.”, in James Johnson, Henry James Johnson, editors, The Medico-chirurgical Review, and Journal of Practical Medicine, volume 29 (New Series), number 18, London: S. Highley, […], →OCLC, page 572, column 1:

The bruit in the pulmonary artery is always accompanied by the jugular bruit. In cases where the mitral valve is affected, we are sure to meet with two other bruits: one of which is in the pulmonary artery, and the other in the jugular veins. [Summarized from the London Medical Record, 15 June 1879.]

1879 October, “The Seat of the So-called Anæmic Bruit of the Cardiac Base”, in I[saac] Minis Hays, editor, The American Journal of the Medical Sciences, volume LXXVIII (New Series), number CLVI, Philadelphia, Pa.: Henry C[harles] Lea, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 565:

The recognition and designation of a murmur as functional is a frontal challenge, for there is no absolute means of proof. The bruit is located most commonly at the pulmonic area, is of faint intensity, and uniform pitch.

1953, William Likoff, John H. Davie, “The Normal Heart”, in Franklin C[arl] Massey, editor, Clinical Cardiology, Baltimore, Md.: The Williams & Wilkins Company, →OCLC, page 111:

Check for carotid bruits by listening to each carotid artery with a stethoscope. A bruit is a blowing or rushing sound that is created by the turbulence within the vessel. If a bruit is heard, do not perform this procedure.

2013, Barbara Aehlert, “Atrial Rhythms”, in ECGs Made Easy, 5th edition, St. Louis, Mo.: Elsevier Mosby, →ISBN, page 117, column 1:

(medicine) An abnormal sound in the body heard on auscultation (for example, through using a stethoscope); a murmur.


graft

en-noun

graft (countable and uncountable, plural grafts)

From Middle English graffe, from Old French greffe (“stylus”), from Latin graphium (“stylus”), from Ancient Greek γραφείον (grapheíon), from γράφειν (gráphein, “to write”); probably akin to English carve. So named from the resemblance of a scion or shoot to a pointed pencil. Doublet of graphium. Compare graphic, grammar.

(surgery, countable) A portion of living tissue used in the operation of autoplasty.


graft

en-verb

graft (third-person singular simple present grafts, present participle grafting, simple past and past participle grafted)

grafts (present singular third-person)
grafting (participle present)
grafted (participle past)
grafted (past)

(transitive, surgery) To implant a portion of (living flesh or akin) in a lesion so as to form an organic union.


wisdom tooth

From wisdom + tooth, calque of Latin dēns sapientiae, which is itself a calque of Ancient Greek σωφρονιστῆρες (sōphronistêres, “prudent or self-controlled ones (i.e. teeth)”), because they arrive approximately when one has reached the age of prudence or wisdom. Compare also German Weisheitszahn (“wisdom tooth”), Danish visdomstand (“wisdom tooth”), Swedish visdomstand (“wisdom tooth”), Icelandic vísdómstönn (“wisdom tooth”), Dutch verstandskies (“wisdom tooth”, literally “intellect molar”), German Low German Verstandskuus (“wisdom tooth”, literally “wisdom molar”). Chinese 智齒 /智齿 (zhìchǐ), Russian зуб мудрости (zub mudrosti), Hebrew שן בינה (shen biná) and Finnish viisaudenhammas also mean “tooth of wisdom”.

der

σωφρονιστῆρες

noncog

зуб мудрости

(dentistry) One of the four (one upper and one lower on each side) rearmost molars in humans, which typically develop between ages 18-24.


mouth

Sranan Tongo: mofo

Aukan: mofu

From Middle English mouth, from Old English mūþ, from Proto-West Germanic *munþ, from Proto-Germanic *munþaz (“mouth”), from Proto-Indo-European *ment- (“to chew; jaw, mouth”). Cognate with Scots mooth (“mouth”), North Frisian müd, müth, müss (“mouth”), West Frisian mûn (“mouth”), Dutch mond (“mouth”), muide (“river mouth”) and mui (“riptide”), German Mund (“mouth”), Swedish mun (“mouth”), Norwegian munn (“mouth”), Danish mund (“mouth”), Faroese muður, munnur (“mouth”), Icelandic munnur (“mouth”), Gothic 𐌼𐌿𐌽𐌸𐍃 (munþs, “mouth”), Latin mentum (“chin”) and mandō (“to chew”), Ancient Greek μάσταξ (mástax, “jaws, mouth”) and μασάομαι (masáomai, “to chew”), Albanian mjekër (“chin, beard”), Welsh mant (“jawbone”), Hittite [script needed] (mēni, “chin”). The verb is from Middle English mouthen, from the noun.

cog

butter would not melt in someone's mouth

laugh out of the other side of one's mouth

you kiss your girlfriend with that mouth

you kiss your grandfather with that mouth

you kiss your grandmother with that mouth

"Open your mouth and say 'aah'," directed the doctor.

I made a speaking trumpet of my hands and commenced to whoop “Ahoy!” and “Hello!” at the top of my lungs. […] The Colonel woke up, and, after asking what in brimstone was the matter, opened his mouth and roared “Hi!” and “Hello!” like the bull of Bashan.

1913, Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter VII, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y., London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC:

(anatomy) The front opening of a creature through which food is ingested.

mdon

the opening of a creature through which food is ingested


elbow

From Middle English elbowe, from Old English elboga, elnboga (“elbow”), from Proto-Germanic *alinabugô (“elbow”), equivalent to ell + bow. Cognate with Scots elbuck (“elbow”), Saterland Frisian Älbooge (“elbow”), Dutch elleboog (“elbow”), Low German Ellebage (“elbow”), German Ellbogen, Ellenbogen (“elbow”), Danish albue (“elbow”), Icelandic olbogi, olnbogi (“elbow”).

know the difference between one's ass and one's elbow

Up to the elbowes naked were there Armes.

1627, Michael Drayton, “The Moone-Calfe”, in English Poetry 1579-1830: Spenser and the Tradition, archived from the original on 2016-07-19:

Elbows almost touching they leaned at ease, idly reading the almost obliterated lines engraved there. ¶ "I never understood it," she observed, lightly scornful. "What occult meaning has a sun-dial for the spooney? I'm sure I don't want to read riddles in a strange gentleman's optics."

1907, Robert W. Chambers, chapter VIII, in The Younger Set:

(anatomy) The joint between the upper arm and the forearm.


leg

→ Finnish: legi

→ Hungarian: leg

From Middle English leg, legge, from Old Norse leggr (“leg, calf, bone of the arm or leg, hollow tube, stalk”), from Proto-Germanic *lagjaz, *lagwijaz (“leg, thigh”) (see it for more).
Cognate with Scots leg (“leg”), Icelandic leggur (“leg, limb”), Norwegian Bokmål legg (“leg”), Norwegian Nynorsk legg (“leg”), Swedish lägg (“leg, shank, shaft”), Danish læg (“leg”), Lombardic lagi (“thigh, shank, leg”), Latin lacertus (“limb, arm”), Persian لنگ (leng). Upon borrowing, mostly displaced the native Old English term sċanca (Modern English shank).

der

piss on someone's leg and tell them it's raining

(anatomy) The portion of the lower limb of a human that extends from the knee to the ankle.

eka

portion of the lower appendage from knee to ankle


foot

en-noun

foot (plural feet or (UK colloquial, unit of measure) foot)

→ Assamese: ফুট (phut)

q

from <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">feet</i>

→ Japanese: フット (futto), フート (fūto); フィート (fīto) (from feet)

→ Russian: фут (fut)

Sranan Tongo: futu

Aukan: futu

Saramaccan: fútu

→ Swahili: futi

→ Thai: ฟุต (fút)

Tok Pisin: fut, put

→ Urdu: فٹ (fuṭ)

→ Phalura: fuṭ

From Middle English fot, fote, foot, from Old English fōt, from Proto-West Germanic *fōt, from Proto-Germanic *fōts, from Proto-Indo-European *pṓds. Doublet of pes, pie (“Spanish unit of length”), and pous.

doublet

not touch something with a ten-foot pole

you cannot put the same shoe on every foot

Southern Italy is shaped like a foot.

And when I ſawe him, I fell at his feete as dead : and hee laid his right hand vpon me, ſaying vnto mee, Feare not, *I am the firſt,and the laſt.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Revelation 1:17:

(anatomy) Specifically, a human foot, which is found below the ankle and is used for standing and walking.


knee

en-noun

knee (plural knees or (obsolete or dialectal) kneen)

knees (plural)
kneen (dialectal obsolete plural)

From Middle English kne, from Old English cnēow, from Proto-West Germanic *kneu, from Proto-Germanic *knewą, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵnéw-o-m, a thematic derivative of *ǵónu.
See also Low German Knee, Dutch knie, German Knie, Danish knæ, Norwegian kne, Swedish knä; also Hittite 𒄀𒉡 (genu), Latin genū, Tocharian A kanweṃ (dual), Tocharian B kenī, Ancient Greek γόνυ (gónu, “knee”), γωνία (gōnía, “corner, angle”), Welsh glin (“knee”), Old Armenian ծունր (cunr), Avestan 𐬲𐬥𐬎𐬨 (žnum), Sanskrit जानु (jā́nu).
The obsolete plural kneen is from Middle English kneen, knen, kneon, kneuwene.

Penny was wearing a miniskirt, so she skinned her exposed knees when she fell.

He made him ſtoup perforce vnto his knee, / And doe vnwilling worſhip to the Saint, / That on his ſhield depainted he did ſee[…]

1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book II, Canto V”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, page 249:

KORRIS: I have tasted your heart. You have been with them, but you are still "of" us. Do not deny the challenge of your destiny. Get off your knees and soar. Open your eyes and let the dream take flight.

1988 March 21, Vaughn Armstrong, Heart of Glory (Star Trek: The Next Generation) (Science Fiction), Paramount Domestic Television, →OCLC:

(anatomy) In humans, the joint or the region of the joint in the middle part of the leg between the thigh and the shank.

ашьамхы

joint in the middle of the leg and area around it


neck

From Middle English nekke, nakke, from Old English hnecca, *hnæcca (“neck, nape”), from Proto-Germanic *hnakkô (“nape, neck”), from Proto-Indo-European *knog-, *kneg- (“back of the head, nape, neck”). Cognate with Scots nek (“neck”), North Frisian neek, neeke, Nak (“neck”), Saterland Frisian Näkke (“neck”), West Frisian nekke (“neck”), Dutch nek (“neck”), German Low German Nack (“neck”), German Nacken (“nape of the neck”), Danish nakke (“neck”), Swedish nacke (“nape of the neck”), Icelandic hnakki (“neck”), Tocharian A kñuk (“neck, nape”). Possibly a mutated variant of *kneug/k (compare Old English hnocc (“hook, penis”), Welsh cnwch (“joint, knob”), Latvian knaūķis (“dwarf”). Doublet of nek. More at nook. Displaced halse (“neck, throat”) and swire (“neck”).

Giraffes have long necks.

Mother, help me, there's a head attached to my neck and I'm in it.

2019 October 15, ZA/UM, Robert Kurvitz, quoting You, Disco Elysium, →OCLC:

(anatomy) The part of the body connecting the head and the trunk found in humans and some animals.

loŋo

part of body connecting the head and the trunk


face

→ Danish: fjæs

→ Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: fjes

Norwegian Nynorsk: fjes

→ Swedish: fejs, fjäs

→ Wu: 番斯 (¹fe-sy)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-?
Latin faciēs
Late Latin facia
Old French facebor.
Middle English face
English face
From Middle English face, from Old French face, from Late Latin facia, from Latin faciēs (“form, appearance”). Doublet of facies. Displaced native onlete (“face, countenance, appearance”), anleth (“face”), from Old English anwlite, andwlita, compare German Antlitz; Old English ansīen (“face”), Middle English neb (“face, nose”) (from Old English nebb), Middle English ler, leor, leer (“face, cheek, countenance”) (from Old English hlēor), and non-native Middle English vis (“face, appearance, look”) (from Old French vis) and Middle English chere (“face”) from Old French chere.
In the sense of face as in reputation, influenced by Chinese 面子 (miànzi) or 臉／脸 (liǎn), both of which mean literally the front of the head and metaphorically one's public image. See lose face.

noncog

talk to the hand 'cause the face ain't listening

That girl has a pretty face.

The monkey pressed its face against the railings.

It was a joy to snatch some brief respite, and find himself in the rectory drawing–room. Listening here was as pleasant as talking; just to watch was pleasant. The young priests who lived here wore cassocks and birettas; their faces were fine and mild, yet really strong, like the rector's face; and in their intercourse with him and his wife they seemed to be brothers.

1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter X, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:

‘Children crawled over each other like little grey worms in the gutters,’ he said. ‘The only red things about them were their buttocks and they were raw. Their faces looked as if snails had slimed on them and their mothers were like great sick beasts whose byres had never been cleared.[…]’

1963, Margery Allingham, chapter 7, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC:

(anatomy) The front part of the head of a human or other animal, featuring the eyes, nose, and mouth, and the surrounding area.


smell

en-noun

smell (countable and uncountable, plural smells)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *(s)meld-
Proto-West Germanic *smalljan
Old English *smiellan
Middle English smellen
English smell
From Middle English smellen, smillen, smyllen, smullen, from Old English *smyllan, *smiellan (“to smell, emit fumes”), from Proto-West Germanic *smallijan (“to glow, burn, smoulder”), from Proto-Indo-European *smel- (“to burn, smoke, smoulder; tar, pitch”). The noun is from Middle English smel, smil, smul (“smell, odour”). Related to Saterland Frisian smeele (“to smoulder”), Middle Dutch smōlen (“to burn, smoulder”) (whence Dutch smeulen (“to smoulder”)), Middle Low German smölen (“to be hazy, be dusty”) (whence Low German smölen (“smoulder”)), Low German smullen (“emit smoke”), West Flemish smoel (“stuffy, muggy, hazy”), Danish smul (“dust, powder”), Lithuanian smilkyti (“to incense, fumigate”), Lithuanian smilkti (“to smudge, smolder, fume, reek”), Lithuanian smalkinti (“to fume”), Middle Irish smál, smól, smúal (“fire, gleed, embers, ashes”), Russian смола́ (smolá, “resin, tar”). Compare smoulder, smother.

cog

(physiology) The sense that detects odours.


translate

en-verb

translate (third-person singular simple present translates, present participle translating, simple past and past participle translated)

translates (present singular third-person)
translating (participle present)
translated (participle past)
translated (past)
translate (infinitive)

[ˈtʃɹʷɛ̃nzɫæe̯ʔ(t)]

From Middle English translaten (“to transport, translate, transform”), from Anglo-Norman translater, from Latin trānslātus, perfect passive participle of trānsferō (“to transport, carry across, translate”).
In this sense, displaced Old English wendan (“to translate,” also the word for “to turn” and “to change”).

traduir

to change (something) from one form or medium to another

транслирам

to move (something) from one place or position to another

All mRNAs are translated on the basis of consecutive groups of three bases, codons, being interpreted by the translational machinery […]. Many diverse proteins and RNAs are involved in the translation of mRNA. First is the mRNA itself, which is the template "read" and translated into a protein product.

2015, Erich Grotewold, Joseph Chappell, Elizabeth A[nne] Kellogg, “Translation of RNA”, in Plant Genes, Genomes and Genetics, Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell, →ISBN, section 15.1 (Translation: A Key Aspect of Gene Expression), page 207, column 2:

Senses relating to the change of information, etc., from one form to another.

(transitive, genetics) To generate a chain of amino acids based on the sequence of codons in an mRNA molecule.

transzlál

to generate a chain of amino acids based on the sequence of codons in an mRNA molecule

He [John Mackintosh] considers all the eruptions, even erysipelas, in the light of natural blisters, established by powers inherent in the constitution, which enable it to translate disease from the internal organs to the skin; […]

1857, “Medicine—Surgery”, in William, Robert Chambers, editors, Chambers’s Information for the People, new edition, Philadelphia, Pa.: J[oshua] B[allinger] Lippincott & Co., →OCLC, page 768, column 1:

Senses relating to a change of position.

(transitive, archaic) To move (something) from one place or position to another; to transfer.

(transitive, medicine, obsolete) To cause (a disease or something giving rise to a disease) to move from one body part to another, or (rare) between persons.


polydactylism

en-noun

polydactylism (usually uncountable, plural polydactylisms)

From polydactyl + -ism; compare French polydactylisme.

Devendra Harne, pictured above, (India; born January 9, 1995) also has 25 in total (12 fingers and 13 toes) as a result of the condition polydactylism.

2008, Guinness World Records — Human Body — Extreme Bodies — Most Fingers and Toes — Living Person:

(anatomy) The possession of more than the normal number of digits.


polydactyly

From Ancient Greek πολυδάκτυλος (poludáktulos) + -y, from πολυ- (polu-, “many”) + δάκτυλος (dáktulos, “digits”), equivalent to poly- + dactyly or polydactyl + -y.^((Etymology 3))

bor

πολυδάκτυλος

affix

2003, Karl-Heinz Grzeschik, 66: Greig Cephalopolysyndactyly Syndrome, Mary Ann McLaughlin (supervising editor), NORD Guide to Rare Disorders, National Organization for Rare Disorders, Wolters Kluwer (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins), page 201,
Postaxial polydactyly is common in the hands and preaxial polydactyly in the feet.

Pranamya Menaria (India; born August 10, 2005) has 25 in total (12 fingers and 13 toes). This is as a result of the condition Polydactyly and Syndactyly.

2008, “Most Fingers and Toes — Living Person”, in Guinness World Records, Human Body — Extreme Bodies:

The rare polydactylies, that is, not clearly only postaxial or only preaxial, are the most likely to be associated with an underlying syndrome.

2021, Leah W. Burke, “3: Genetics of Associated Syndromes”, in Donald R. Laub Jr., editor, Congenital Anomalies of the Upper Extremity, Springer, page 42:

Polydactyly with a triphalangeal thumb will be described in the chapter on the triphalangeal thumb.[…]The incidence of polydactyly depends on the population studied and the definition used. Region, ethnicity and combined numbers of all polydactylies, or only radial or ulnar-sided polydactyly, provide very different incidences in published series.

2023, Christianne van Nieuwenhoven, Steven Hovius, “9: Thumb Polydactyly”, in Giorgio Pajardi, editor, Pediatric Hand Surgery, Springer, page 102:

(medicine, teratology) A congenital condition in which a person or animal has more than the usual number of digits (fingers or toes) on at least one of their hands or feet.

كَثْرَة اَلْأَصَابِع

condition of having more than the usual number of digits


grafting

(surgery) The transplanting of a portion of flesh, hair or skin to a denuded surface; autoplasty.


heel

From Middle English hele, from Old English hēla, from Proto-West Germanic *hą̄hilō, from Proto-Germanic *hanhilaz, diminutive of Proto-Germanic *hanhaz (“heel, hock”), equivalent to hock + -le. More at hock.
Compare North Frisian haiel, West Frisian hyl, Dutch hiel, German Low German Hiel, Danish and Norwegian hæl, Swedish häl.

couldn't pour water out of a boot with the instructions on the heel

He [the stag] calls to mind his strength and then his speed, / His winged heels and then his armed head.

(anatomy) The rear part of the foot, where it joins the leg.


womb

From Middle English wombe, wambe, from Old English womb, wamb (“belly, stomach; bowels; heart; womb; hollow”), from Proto-West Germanic *wambu, from Proto-Germanic *wambō (“belly, stomach, abdomen”). Cognate with Scots wam, wame (“womb”), Dutch wam (“dewlap of beef; belly of a fish”), German Wamme, Wampe (“paunch, belly”), Danish vom (“belly, paunch, rumen”), Swedish våmb (“belly, stomach, rumen”), Norwegian vom (“rumen”), Icelandic vömb (“belly, abdomen, stomach”), Old Welsh gumbelauc (“womb”), Breton gwamm (“woman, wife”), Sanskrit वपा (vapā́, “the skin or membrane lining the intestines or parts of the viscera, the caul or omentum”). Superseded non-native Middle English mater, matere (“womb”) and matris, matrice (“womb”) borrowed from Latin māter (“womb”) and Old French matrice (“womb”), respectively.

cog

I danced myself right out the womb / Is it strange to dance so soon?

1971, Marc Bolan (lyrics and music), “Cosmic Dancer”, in Electric Warrior, performed by T. Rex:

(anatomy) In female mammals, the organ in which the young are conceived and grow until birth; the uterus.


hard

en-noun

hard (countable and uncountable, plural hards)

From Middle English hard, from Old English heard, from Proto-West Germanic *hard(ī), from Proto-Germanic *harduz, from Proto-Indo-European *kort-ús, from *kret- (“strong, powerful”). Cognate with German hart, Swedish hård, Ancient Greek κρατύς (kratús), Sanskrit क्रतु (krátu), Avestan 𐬑𐬭𐬀𐬙𐬎 (xratu).

(uncountable, drugs, slang) Crack cocaine.


qigong

qigong (usually uncountable, plural qigongs)

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 氣功 /气功 (qìgōng, “breath work, qi work”).

bor

Some people may suddenly speak a language and speak it quite fluently. However, it is not a language of human society. What can it be called? It can be called "cosmic language" (宇宙語). Actually it is nothing but a language of subtle beings in a space only a little bit higher than ours. Now quite a few of qigong practitioners in China have had such an experience. Some can even speak several such languages.

1998 May, Li HongZhi, CHINA FALUN GONG (REVISED EDITION) (English Version), Hong Kong: Falun Fo Fa Publishing Co., →ISBN, →OCLC, page 29:

My patients laud qigong as a stressbuster and cure for pesky chronic symptoms that baffle doctors.

2004, Judith Orloff, Positive Energy, page 112:

alternative medicine
alternative medicine

(fitness, alternative medicine) A Chinese system of breathing control, physical exercise and meditation.


mass

en-noun

mass (countable and uncountable, plural masses)

In late Middle English (circa 1400) as masse in the sense of "lump, quantity of matter", from Anglo-Norman masse, in Old French attested from the 11th century, via late Latin massa (“lump, dough”), from Ancient Greek μᾶζα (mâza, “barley-cake, lump (of dough)”). The Greek noun may be derived from the verb μάσσω (mássō, “to knead”), ultimately from a Proto-Indo-European *maǵ- (“to oil, knead”), although this is uncertain. Doublet of masa.
The sense of "a large number or quantity" arises circa 1580. The scientific sense is from 1687 (as Latin massa) in the works of Isaac Newton, with the first English use (as mass) occurring in 1704.

der

(pharmacology) A medicinal substance made into a cohesive, homogeneous lump, of consistency suitable for making pills; as, blue mass.

massa

pharmacy: medicinal substance made into a cohesive, homogeneous lump

(medicine) A palpable or visible abnormal globular structure; a tumor.

massa

medicine: palpable or visible abnormal globular structure


friction

en-noun

friction (usually uncountable, plural frictions)

From Middle French friction and directly from Latin frictionem, nom. frictio (“a rubbing, rubbing down”).

The frictions should at first be very gentle, and performed with a view to restore heat, and not to force the blood towards the heart, which in drowned persons is already too much distended with it.

1792, James Curry, Observations on Apparent Death from Drowning, Suffocation:

The frictions are made at bedtime, on a limited portion of the body, and on one side only—the calf of the leg by preference, or the thigh, groin, or axilla. It is enough to continue rubbing for from three to five minutes at most.

1874 January 7, M. Panas, “Treatment of Syphilis by Mercurial Friction”, in The London Medical Record, volume 1, page 5:

(medicine, obsolete, countable) Massage of the body to restore circulation.


unit

Formerly unite, a later form of unity; see unity.

(medicine) A quantity of approximately 517 milliliters (1.1 U.S. pints) of blood.


hay fever

hay fever (usually uncountable, plural hay fevers)

First attested by John Bostock in 1819. The smell of hay in the summer was thought to be the origin of the condition.

(pathology, immunology) An allergy to the pollen of grass or other plants that causes symptoms similar to those of a cold; pollinosis.


rail

→ Catalan: rail

→ Dutch: rail

→ French: rail

→ Japanese: レール (rēru)

→ Punjabi: ਰੇਲ (rel)

→ Spanish: raíl

→ Swahili: reli

→ Tibetan: རི་ལི (ri li, “train”)

From Middle English rail, rayl, *reȝel, *reȝol (found in reȝolsticke (“a ruler”)), partly from Old English regol (“a ruler, straight bar”) and partly from Old French reille; both from Latin regula (“rule, bar”), from regō (“to rule, to guide, to govern”); see regular. Doublet of regal, regula, rigol, and rule.

doublet

Do a couple rails and chase your own tail

(drugs) A large line (portion or serving of a powdery illegal drug).


down

en-adj

down (comparative more down, superlative most down)

tlb

(chiefly predicative, but see usage notes)

more down (comparative)
most down (superlative)

From Middle English doun, from Old English dūne, aphetic form of adūne, from ofdūne (“off the hill”). For the development from directional phrases to prepositions, compare Middle Low German dāle (“(in/to the) valley”), i.e. "down(wards)".

noncog

a down cow

(veterinary medicine, of a cow) Stranded in a recumbent position; unable to stand.


Down syndrome

Named after John Langdon Haydon Down (1828–1896), an English physician who first described the condition as a distinct form of mental disability in the 1860s.

(neurology, medical genetics) A genetic disorder caused by the presence of all or part of a third copy of chromosome 21 (a chromosomal excess), whereby the patients typically have a delay in cognitive ability and physical growth, as well as a small head and tilted eyelids.

مُتَلَازِمَة دَاوْن

genetic disorder caused by a chromosomal excess

唐氏綜合症 /唐氏综合症

tong⁴ si⁶ zung³ hap⁶ zing³, tong⁴ si⁶ zung¹ hap⁶ zing³


adherent

en-adj

adherent (comparative more adherent, superlative most adherent)

more adherent (comparative)
most adherent (superlative)

From Middle English adherent, from Old French adherent, from Latin adhaerēns, present participle of adhaereō (“to stick to, cling”).

Half (49.9%) of patients were adherent to their regimens, 42.6% were underadherent, and 7.6% had medication oversupply.

2007 June, Min Yang, Jamie C. Barner, Jason Worchel, “Factors Related to Antipsychotic Oversupply Among Central Texas Veterans”, in Clinical Therapeutics, volume 29, number 6, →DOI, page 1217:

(medicine, of a person) Showing adherence to a treatment.


acidity

en-noun

acidity (countable and uncountable, plural acidities)

From French acidité, from Latin aciditātem, accusative singular of aciditās (“sourness, acidity”), from acidus (“sour, acid”). Equivalent to acid + -ity.

(pathology) Excessive acid quality, as in gastric secretions.


pin

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: pins

→ Polish: pin

→ Spanish: pin

→ Swahili: pini

→ Swedish: pin, pins

From Middle English pinne, from Old English pinn (“pin, peg, bolt”), from Proto-Germanic *pinnaz, *pinnō, *pint- (“protruding point, peak, peg, pin, nail”), from Proto-Indo-European *bend- (“protruding object, pointed peg, nail, edge”). Related to pen (“enclosure”).
Cognate with Dutch pin (“peg, pin”), Low German pin, pinne (“pin, point, nail, peg”), German Pinn, Pinne (“pin, tack, peg”), Bavarian Pfonzer, Pfunzer (“sharpened point”), Danish pind (“pin, pointed stick”), Norwegian pinn (“stick”), Swedish pinne (“peg, rod, stick”), Icelandic pinni (“pin”). More at pintle.
No relation to classical Latin pinna (“fin, flipper, wing-like appendage, wing, feather”), which was extended to mean "ridge, peak, point" (compare pinnacle), and often confused with Latin penna (“wing, feather”). More at feather and pen (Etymology 3).

cog

Blind with the pin and web

c. 1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Winters Tale”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii]:


vocal

en-adj

vocal (comparative more vocal, superlative most vocal)

more vocal (comparative)
most vocal (superlative)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Mélange a trois-vocal.wav

Late Middle English vocal, borrowed from Latin vōcālis (“uttering a voice, sounding, speaking”), from vōx (“a voice, sound, tone”) + -ālis (“-al”, adjectival suffix). Doublet of vowel and vocalis. Compare Old French vocal.

af

vocal apparatus

Of, pertaining to, or resembling the human voice or speech.

(anatomy) Used in the production of speech sounds.


festoon

(dentistry) Texturing applied to a denture to simulate human tissue.


festoon

en-verb

festoon (third-person singular simple present festoons, present participle festooning, simple past and past participle festooned)

festoons (present singular third-person)
festooning (participle present)
festooned (participle past)
festooned (past)

(dentistry, transitive) To apply texturing to (a denture) to simulate human tissue.


lead

en-noun

lead (countable and uncountable, plural leads)

From Middle English led, leed, from Old English lēad (“lead”), from Proto-West Germanic *laud (“lead”), possibly borrowed from Proto-Celtic *ɸloudom, from Proto-Indo-European *plewd- (“to flow”).
Cognate with Scots leid, lede (“lead”), North Frisian lud, luad (“lead”), West Frisian lead (“lead”), Dutch lood (“lead”), German Lot (“solder, plummet, sounding line”), Swedish lod (“solder, plummet”), Icelandic lóð (“a plumb, weight”), Irish luaidhe (“lead”) Latin plumbum (“lead”), Finnish luoti (“bullet”). Doublet of loth. More at flow.
* (graphite in a pencil): Graphite was once believed to be a form of lead; see black lead and plumbago.

cog

You must remember to wear your leads.

(medicine, in the plural) X-ray protective clothing lined with lead.


facet

(anatomy) One member of a compound eye, as found in insects and crustaceans.

фасе́та

anatomy: one member of a compound eye, as found in insects and crustaceans

दृष्टि कोशिकाः

dṛṣṭi kośikāḥ

the articular facet of a bone

(anatomy) A smooth circumscribed surface.

(anatomy) Any of the small joints at each segment of the spine that provide stability and help guide motion


eyelash

(anatomy, dermatology) One of the hairs which grows along the edge of eyelids.


bend

From Middle English benden, from Old English bendan (“to bind or bend (a bow), fetter, restrain”), from Proto-West Germanic *bandijan, from Proto-Germanic *bandijaną (“to bend”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰendʰ- (“to bind, tie”). Cognate with Middle High German benden (“to fetter”), Danish bænde (“to bend”), Norwegian bende (“to bend”), Faroese benda (“to bend, inflect”), Icelandic benda (“to bend”). Related to band, bond.

der

A diver who stays deep for too long must ascend very slowly in order to prevent the bends.

decompression sickness
decompression sickness

(in the plural, medicine, underwater diving, with the) A severe condition caused by excessively quick decompression, causing bubbles of nitrogen to form in the blood; decompression sickness.


burn

en-verb

burn (third-person singular simple present burns, present participle burning, simple past and past participle burned or (mostly Commonwealth) burnt or (obsolete) brent)

burns (present singular third-person)
burning (participle present)
burned (participle past)
burned (past)
burnt (Commonwealth participle past)
burnt (Commonwealth past)
brent (obsolete participle past)
brent (obsolete past)
burn (infinitive)

Sranan Tongo: bron

Aukan: boon

From Middle English bernen, birnen, from Old English birnan (“to burn”), metathesis from Proto-West Germanic *brinnan, from Proto-Germanic *brinnaną (“to burn”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrenw-, present stem from *bʰrewh₁-. Doublet of brew.
See also Middle Irish brennim (“drink up”), bruinnim (“bubble up”); also Middle Irish bréo (“flame”), Albanian burth (“Cyclamen hederifolium, mouth burning”), Sanskrit भुरति (bhurati, “moves quickly, twitches, fidgets”). More at brew.

verbranden

chemistry: to cause to combine with oxygen or other active agent


dig

dig toxicity


fire

en-verb

fire (third-person singular simple present fires, present participle firing, simple past and past participle fired)

fires (present singular third-person)
firing (participle present)
fired (participle past)
fired (past)
fire (infinitive)

From Middle English firen, fyren, furen, from Old English fȳrian (“to make a fire”), from the noun (see above). Cognate with Old Frisian fioria (“to light a fire”), Saterland Frisian fjuurje (“to fire”), Middle Dutch vûren, vueren, vieren (“to set fire”), Dutch vuren (“to fire, shoot”), Old High German fiuren (“to ignite, set on fire”), German feuern (“to fire”).

udløse

computer sciences, software engineering: to initiate an event

When a neuron fires, it transmits information.

(intransitive, physiology) To cause an action potential in a cell.

afgaan

physiology: to cause action potential in a cell


fit

Unknown, possibly from Old English fitt (“conflict”). Compare Cornish fit (“game match, bout”); or else, probably cognate with Italian fitta (“pain, especially sudden and stabbing pain”).
See more at Latin fīgere.

(medicine) A sudden and vigorous appearance of a symptom over a short period of time.


fit

en-verb

fit (third-person singular simple present fits, present participle fitting, simple past and past participle fitted)

fits (present singular third-person)
fitting (participle present)
fitted (participle past)
fitted (past)

A spokesman said: "It is believed they (the dogs) got into the lake and drank from it. They came out and started fitting. Shortly after that three of them died and vets are attempting to resuscitate the other one."

2016 May 18, “Three dogs die and seven more ill after drinking from the same Kent lake amid contamination fears”, in The Telegraph:

(intransitive, medicine) To suffer a fit.


lend

From Middle English lende (usually in plural as lendes, leendes, lyndes), from Old English lendenu, lendinu (“loins”), plural of Old English lenden (“loin”), from Proto-West Germanic *landī, from Proto-Germanic *landį̄ (“loin”), from Proto-Indo-European *lendʰ- (“loin, kidney”). Cognate with Scots lend, leynd (“the loins, flank, buttocks”), Dutch lendenen (“loins, reins”), German Lenden (“loins”), Swedish länder (“loins”), Icelandic lendar (“loins”), Latin lumbus (“loin”) (whence loin),
Polish lędźwie (“loins”),
Russian ля́двея (ljádveja, “thigh, haunch”).

cog

(anatomy, UK dialectal) The lumbar region; loin.


lie

From Middle English lien, liggen, from Old English liċġan, from Proto-West Germanic *liggjan, from Proto-Germanic *ligjaną, from Proto-Indo-European *legʰ-.
Cognate with West Frisian lizze, Dutch liggen, German liegen, Danish and Norwegian Bokmål ligge, Swedish ligga, Icelandic, Faroese and Norwegian Nynorsk liggja, Gothic 𐌻𐌹𐌲𐌰𐌽 (ligan); and with Latin lectus (“bed”), Irish luí, Russian лежа́ть (ležátʹ), Albanian lag (“troop, band, encampment”).
As a noun for position, the noun has the same etymology above as the verb.

(medicine) The position of a fetus in the womb.


contraction

en-noun

contraction (countable and uncountable, plural contractions)

PIE word
 *ḱóm
From Late Middle English contraccioun, contraxion (“spasm, contraction; constriction, shrinking; act of pressing together”), from Old French contraction (modern French contraction), from Latin contractiō(n) (“a drawing together, contraction; abridgement, shortening; dejection, despondency”), from contrahō (“to draw things together, assemble, collect, gather; to enter into a contract”) + -tiō(n) (suffix forming nouns relating to actions or their results). Contrahō is derived from con- (prefix denoting a bringing together of objects) + trahō (“to drag, pull”) (probably from Proto-Indo-European *dʰregʰ- (“to drag, pull; to run”)). By surface analysis, contract + -ion (suffix denoting actions or processes, or their results).

verkleining

the contraction of malaria

Railway workers were therefore a perfect subject for research, given the varied roles they undertook. If infection was greatest among the non-public-facing staff, it would suggest – given most worked outside – that contraction was caused by something found in the "atmosphere at large". If affliction was higher among the indoor and public-facing staff, it would suggest that human contact was the cause. And it was the latter point that was proven.

2020 April 8, David Turner, “How Railway Staff were Conduits and Victims of a Pandemic”, in Rail, Peterborough, Cambridgeshire: Bauer Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 32:

Senses relating to becoming involved with or entering into, especially entering into a contract.

(biology, medicine) The process of contracting or becoming infected with a disease.

tarttuminen

Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.

A (sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume; a narrowing, a shortening, a shrinking.

(biology, medicine) A stage of wound healing during which the wound edges are gradually pulled together.

en:reduction in size
en:phase of wound healing

ချုံ့ခြင်း

Though occasionally a “flatliner” can be revived with a defib, it is most commonly used to change the uncoordinated contractions of the heart (fibrillation) into a normal sinus rhythm—that is, to defibrillate the heart.

2011, Laurence Street, Introduction to Biomedical Engineering Technology, page 125:

(biology, medicine) A shortening of a muscle during its use; specifically, a strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth.

en:reduction in size
en:shortening of any muscle


paint

en-verb

paint (third-person singular simple present paints, present participle painting, simple past and past participle painted)

paints (present singular third-person)
painting (participle present)
painted (participle past)
painted (past)

→ Kashubian: peintowac (United States)

From Middle English peynten, from Old French peintier, paincter, itself from paint, the past participle of paindre, from Latin pingō (“to paint”) (perfect passive participle pictus). Displaced native Old English tēafor (“paint”) and *tīefran (“to paint”).

(transitive, medicine) To apply with a brush in order to treat some body part.

pinseln

medicine: to apply with a brush in order to treat some body part


rod

From Middle English rodde, from Old English *rodd or *rodde (attested in dative plural roddum (“rod, pole”)), of uncertain origin, but probably from Proto-Germanic *rudd- (“stick, club”), from Proto-Indo-European *rewdʰ- (“to clear land”). Compare Old Norse rudda (“club”). For the root, compare English rid. Presumably unrelated to Proto-Germanic *rōdō (“rod, pole”).

der

The rods are more sensitive than the cones, but do not discern color.

(anatomy) A rod cell: a rod-shaped cell in the eye that is sensitive to light.


mal

lateral mal


tractor

en-verb

tractor (third-person singular simple present tractors, present participle tractoring, simple past and past participle tractored)

tractors (present singular third-person)
tractoring (participle present)
tractored (participle past)
tractored (past)

Formed from Latin tractus, perfect passive participle of trahere (“to pull”), + agent noun suffix -or.

(transitive, medicine, archaic) To treat by means of tractoration, or Perkinism.


canal

→ Scottish Gaelic: canàl

Borrowed from Middle French canal, from Old French canal, from Latin canālis (“channel; canal”), from canālis (“canal”), from canna (“reed, cane”), from Ancient Greek κάννα (kánna, “reed”), from Akkadian 𒄀 (qanû, “reed”), from Sumerian 𒄀𒈾 (gi.na). Doublet of channel.

(anatomy) A tubular channel within the body.


internal

en-adj

internal (comparative more internal, superlative most internal)

more internal (comparative)
most internal (superlative)

From Middle English internall, internalle, borrowing from New Latin internālis (“of or pertaining to the inner part”), from internus (“inward, internal”) + -ālis (“-al”, adjectival suffix). By surface analysis, intern + -al.

af

Her bleeding was internal.

Of or situated on the inside.
(medicine) Within the body.

Of or situated on the inside.
Within the body.

an internal remedy

(pharmacology) Applied or intended for application through the stomach by being swallowed.


central

en-adj

central (comparative more central, superlative most central)

more central (comparative)
most central (superlative)

Borrowed from Latin centrālis, from centrum (“centre”), from Ancient Greek κέντρον (kéntron); by surface analysis, centre + -al.

(anatomy) Exerting its action towards the peripheral organs.


hamstring

From ham (“region back of the knee joint”) + string.

affix

(anatomy) One of the great tendons situated in each side of the ham, or space back of the knee, and connected with the muscles of the back of the thigh.


attack

Borrowed from French attaque, derived from the verb attaquer, from Italian attaccare (“to join, attach”) (used in attaccare battaglia (“to join battle”)), from Frankish *stakka (“stick”). Doublet of attach. Displaced native Old English on rǣsan (“to attack”) and onrǣs (“an attack”).

aanval

attempt to cause damage, injury, or death

I've had an attack of the flu.

(medicine) The sudden onset of a disease or condition.


neologism

en-noun

neologism (countable and uncountable, plural neologisms)

/niːˈɒləd͡ʒɪzəm/

From French néologisme, from Ancient Greek νέος (néos, “new”) + λόγος (lógos, “word”) + -ism.

(psychiatry) The newly coined, meaningless words or phrases of someone with a psychosis, usually schizophrenia.


cough

en-verb

cough (third-person singular simple present coughs, present participle coughing, simple past and past participle coughed)

coughs (present singular third-person)
coughing (participle present)
coughed (participle past)
coughed (past)
cough (infinitive)

From Middle English coughen, coghen (“to cough; to vomit”) [and other forms], from Old English *cohhian (compare Old English cohhetan (“to bluster; to riot; to cough (?)”)), from Proto-West Germanic *kuh- (“to cough”), ultimately of onomatopoeic origin.
Cognates
* Middle Dutch cuchen (“to cough”) (modern Dutch kuchen (“to cough”); German Low German kuchen (“to cough”))
* Middle High German kûchen (“to breathe (on); to exhale”), kîchen (“to breathe with difficulty”) (modern German keichen, keuchen (“to breathe with difficulty; to gasp, pant”))
* Spanish cof (“coughing sound”)
* West Frisian kiche (“to cough”), kochelje (“to cough persistently”)

nb...

coghe, couhen, couwhen, couwe, couwen, couȝen, couȝhen, couȝtthe, couȝwen, coȝen, cowen, cowff, cowghen, cowhen, cowȝen, koghe, kouȝen, kowen

cog

Sometimes she coughed up blood.

Jeeves coughed one soft, low, gentle cough like a sheep with a blade of grass stuck in its throat, and then stood gazing serenely at the landscape.

1923 May 17, P[elham] G[renville] Wodehouse, “The Great Sermon Handicap”, in The Inimitable Jeeves, Harmondsworth, Middlesex [London]: Penguin Books, published 1979, →ISBN, page 139:

Sometimes followed by up: to force (something) out of the lungs or throat by pushing air from the lungs through the glottis (causing a short, explosive sound), and out through the mouth.

كَحَّ

He almost coughed himself into a fit.

To cause (oneself or something) to be in a certain condition in the manner described in sense 1.1.

yskiä

to cause (oneself or something) to be in a certain condition in the manner specified in sense 1.1

No ſtationary ſteeds / Cough their ovvn knell, vvhile heedleſs of the ſound / The ſilent circle fan themſelves, and quake.

1785, William Cowper, “Book IV. The Winter Evening.”, in The Task, a Poem, […], London: […] J[oseph] Johnson; […], →OCLC, pages 144–145:

To express (words, etc.) in the manner described in sense 1.1.

kakaista

to express (words, etc.) in the manner specified in sense 1.1

(transitive, medicine)
(figurative)
To surrender (information); to confess.

By the time you get back the men will all be striking out for the fire, and we'll break for the house and collar the dollars. Everybody cough up what matches he's got.

1909 April, O. Henry [pseudonym; William Sydney Porter], “Whistling Dick’s Christmas Stocking”, in Roads of Destiny, Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Page & Company, →OCLC, page 324:

Thanks to Jeeves I was not going to be called on to cough up several thousand quid.

1923 May 17, P[elham] G[renville] Wodehouse, “Pearls Mean Tears”, in The Inimitable Jeeves, Harmondsworth, Middlesex [London]: Penguin Books, published 1979, →ISBN, page 40:

"Parsloe, will you or will you not cough up that pig?" / "I have not got your pig."

1929 March–August, P[elham] G[renville] Wodehouse, “A Job for Percy Pilbeam”, in Summer Lightning, 1st UK edition, London: Herbert Jenkins […], published 19 July 1929, →OCLC, section II, page 148:

(originally US, slang) Chiefly followed by up: to give up or hand over (something); especially, to pay up (money).


comparison

en-noun

comparison (countable and uncountable, plural comparisons)

From Middle English comparisoun, from Old French comparison, from Latin comparātiō, from comparātus, perfect passive participle of comparō.

vergelyking

act of comparing or the state of being compared

(phrenology) The faculty of the reflective group which is supposed to perceive resemblances and contrasts.

trappe van vergelyking

ability of adjectives and adverbs to form three degrees


simple

en-adj

simple (comparative simpler or more simple, superlative simplest or most simple)

simpler (comparative)
more simple (comparative)
simplest (superlative)
most simple (superlative)

Inherited from Middle English symple, simple, from Old French and French simple, from Latin simplex (“simple”, literally “onefold”) (as opposed to duplex (“double”, literally “twofold”)), from semel (“the same”) + plicō (“I fold”). See same and fold. Compare single, singular, simultaneous, etc.
Partially displaced native English onefold.

der

(heading, technical) Structurally uncomplicated.

(chemistry, pharmacology) Consisting of one single substance; uncompounded.


simple

Dere is some simples in my closet, dat I vill not for the varld I shall leave behind.

c. 1597 (date written), William Shakespeare, […] [T]he Merrie Wiues of Windsor. […] (First Quarto), London: […] T[homas] C[reede] for Arthur Ihonson, […], published 1602, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iv]:

I know there are some simples, which in operation are moistening and some drying.

1603, Michel de Montaigne, chapter 37, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], book II, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC:

[W]hat Virtue there is in this Remedy lies in the naked Simple it ſelf, as it comes over from the Indies, and in the Choice of that which is leaſt dried, or periſhed by the Voyage.

a. 1700 (date written), William Temple, “Of Health and Long-life”, in Miscellanea. The Third Part. […], London: […] Jonathan Swift, […] Benjamin Tooke, […], published 1701, →OCLC, pages 183–184:

The first fellow that picked an herb to cure himself had a bit of pluck. Simples. Want to be careful.

1922 February, James Joyce, Ulysses, Paris: Shakespeare and Company, […], →OCLC:

The venerable carryall, formerly brimming with all manner of esoteric pamphlets and witch's simples, now overflowed with a cascade of soft toys, juice bottles, tissues, linen books for infants, […]

2003, Dolores Stewart Riccio, Charmed Circle, Kensington Books, →ISBN, page 12:

(pharmacology) A herbal preparation made from one plant, as opposed to something made from more than one plant.


self

→ Korean: 셀프 (selpeu)

Sranan Tongo: srefi

Southern US, African-American Vernacular, dated

From Middle English self, silf, sulf, from Old English self, seolf, sylf, from Proto-Germanic *selbaz. Cognates include Gothic 𐍃𐌹𐌻𐌱𐌰 (silba), German selbst and Dutch zelf.

Similarity profiles between helper T cell epitopes (of self or microbial antigens and allergens) and human or microbial SWISSPROT collections were produced. For each antigen, both collections yielded largely overlapping profiles, demonstrating that self-nonself discrimination does not rely on qualitative features that distinguish human from microbial peptides. [...] Epitopes (on self and nonself antigens) can cross-stimulate T cells at increasing potency as their similarity with nonself augments.

2000, G Ristori et al., “Compositional bias and mimicry toward the nonself proteome in immunodominant T cell epitopes of self and nonself antigens”, in FASEB Journal: the official journal of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, volume 14, number 3, →PMID, pages 431–438:

In plants, the ability to recognize self from nonself plays an important role in fertilization, because self-fertilization will result in less diverse offspring than fertilization with pollen from another individual.

2013 May-June, Katrina G. Claw, “Rapid Evolution in Eggs and Sperm”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 3:

(molecular biology, immunology) Any molecule, cell, or tissue of an organism's own (belonging to the self), as opposed to a foreign (nonself) molecule, cell, or tissue (for example, infective, allogenic, or xenogenic).


self

Similarity profiles between helper T cell epitopes (of self or microbial antigens and allergens) and human or microbial SWISSPROT collections were produced. For each antigen, both collections yielded largely overlapping profiles, demonstrating that self-nonself discrimination does not rely on qualitative features that distinguish human from microbial peptides. However, epitopes whose probability of mimicry with self or nonself prevails are, respectively, tolerated or immunodominant and coexist within the same (auto-)antigen regardless of its self/nonself nature. Epitopes (on self and nonself antigens) can cross-stimulate T cells at increasing potency as their similarity with nonself augments.

(molecular biology, immunology) Of or relating to any molecule, cell, or tissue of an organism's own (belonging to the self), as opposed to a foreign (nonself) molecule, cell, or tissue (for example, infective, allogenic, or xenogenic).


bag

en-verb

bag (third-person singular simple present bags, present participle bagging, simple past and past participle bagged)

bags (present singular third-person)
bagging (participle present)
bagged (participle past)
bagged (past)

From Middle English bagge, from Old Norse baggi (“bag, pack, satchel, bundle”) (whence also Old French bague (“bundle, package, sack”)); related to Old Norse bǫggr (“harm, shame; load, burden”), of uncertain origin. Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *bʰak- (compare Welsh baich (“load, bundle”), Ancient Greek βάσταγμα (bástagma, “load”)).

cog

(transitive) To furnish or load with a bag.

(transitive, medicine) To provide with artificial ventilation via a bag valve mask (BVM) resuscitator.

The patient was bagged for a urine analysis and stat electrolytes were drawn.

1985, Sol S. Zimmerman, Joan Holter Gildea, Critical Care Pediatrics, page 205:

(transitive, medicine) To fit with a bag to collect urine.

To furnish or load with a bag.
To fit with a bag to collect urine.


complex

en-noun

complex (plural complexes or (nonstandard) complices)

complexes (plural)
complices (nonstandard plural)

From French complexe, from Latin complexus, past participle of complector (“I entwine, encircle, compass, infold”), from com- (“together”) and plectere (“to weave, braid”). May be analyzed as com- + -plex. See complect. Doublet of complexus.

համալիր

assemblage of related things, collection

coordination complex

coordinated complex, metal complex, Werner complex

(psychoanalysis) A collection of ideas caused by repressed emotions that leads to an abnormal mental condition


bridge

From Middle English brigge, from Old English brycġ (“bridge”), from Proto-Germanic *brugjō, *brugjǭ (“bridge”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerw-, *bʰrēw- (“wooden flooring, decking, bridge”).
Cognate with Scots brig, brigg, breeg (“bridge”), Saterland Frisian Brääch (“bridge”), West Frisian brêge (“bridge”), Dutch brug (“bridge”), German Brücke (“bridge”), Danish brygge (“wharf”), Icelandic brygga (“pier”), Gaulish briua (“bridge”).
The verb is from Middle English briggen, from Old English brycġian (“to bridge, make a causeway, pave”), derived from the noun. Cognate with Dutch bruggen (“to bridge”), Middle Low German bruggen (“to bridge”), Old High German bruccōn (“to bridge”) (whence Modern German brücken).
The musical connection sense is a semantic loan from German Steg, from Old High German steg.

ацҳа

if someone told you to jump off a bridge, would you do it

Rugby players often break the bridge of their noses.

A construction or natural feature that spans a divide.

(anatomy) The upper bony ridge of the human nose.

The dentist pulled out the decayed tooth and put in a bridge.

(dentistry) A prosthesis replacing one or several adjacent teeth.

ECMO is used as a bridge to surgery to stabilize the patient.

(medicine) A rudimentary procedure before definite solution


bone marrow

en-noun

bone marrow (usually uncountable, plural bone marrows)

(anatomy) The fatty vascular tissue that fills the cavities of bones, being the place where new blood cells are produced.


stem cell

Stem cells are characterized by their ability to self-renew and to produce numerous differentiated cell types, and are directly responsible for generating and maintaining tissues and organs.

2002, Haifan Lin, “The stem-cell niche theory: Lessons from flies,”, in Nature Reviews: Genetics, volume 3, page 931:

(medicine, cytology) A primal undifferentiated cell from which a variety of other cells can develop through the process of cellular differentiation.


leukemia

leukemia (countable and uncountable, plural leukemias)

From German Leukämie, from Ancient Greek λευκός (leukós, “white”) + αἷμα (haîma, “blood”). By surface analysis, leuk- + -emia.

The subjects suffered from lymphoblastic and myeloid leukemias.

In an era when political leaders promise deliverance from decline through America’s purported preeminence in scientific research, the news that science is in deep trouble in the United States has been as unwelcome as a diagnosis of leukemia following the loss of health insurance.

2012 January 7, Philip E. Mirowski, “Harms to Health from the Pursuit of Profits”, in American Scientist, volume 100, number 1, page 87:

(oncology, pathology) Any of a class of types of cancer affecting the blood cells, especially the white blood cells (usually with massive leukocytosis), and the blood cell–forming (hematopoietic) tissues.

tumors of the hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues


leukocyte

In disease of the spleen, especially Banti's disease or fibro-adenia of the spleen, the increase of leukocytes is absent or slight, with no relative lymphocytosis.

1923, International Medical Digest, page 316:

Iberdomide, a cereblon modulator promoting degradation of the transcription factors Ikaros and Aiolos, which affect leukocyte development and autoimmunity, is being evaluated for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

2022 March 17, Joan T. Merrill, Victoria P. Werth, Richard Furie et al., “Phase 2 Trial of Iberdomide in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus”, in The New England Journal of Medicine, volume 386, number 11, →DOI, page 1034:

(hematology, cytology, immunology) Any of a class of blood cells that play various roles in cell-mediated immunity.


erythrocyte

/əˈɹɪθɹəˌsaɪt/

From erythro- (“red”) + -cyte (“cell”), referring to the red color of hemoglobin when oxygen is bound to it.

The want of success of these names may be attributed to their awkwardness in sound or sense; "erythrocyte" seems the best of them, but is unfortunately four-syllabled.

1901 March 23, Ch. S. Sherrington, “The name of the red corpuscle: a suggestion”, in British Medical Journal, page 742:

Granular, basic, or punctate degeneration of the erythrocyte is a condition in which this cell presents fine or coarse granules that have an affinity for basic stains.

1901 September 7, C. Y. White, “Granular degeneration of the erythrocyte”, in The American Journal of the Medical Sciences, volume 122, number 3:

(hematology, cytology) A hemoglobin-containing cell, especially as found in humans but more generally present in the blood of most vertebrates, that is involved with the transport of oxygen; such cells are usually anucleate in humans and many other animals.


prove

en-verb

prove (third-person singular simple present proves, present participle proving, simple past proved, past participle proved or proven)

proves (present singular third-person)
proving (participle present)
proved (past)
proved (participle past)
proven (participle past)
prove (infinitive)

From Middle English proven, from Old English prōfian (“to esteem, regard as, evince, try, prove”) and Old French prover (“to prove”), both from Latin probō (“test, try, examine, approve, show to be good or fit, prove”, verb), from probus (“good, worthy, excellent”), from Proto-Indo-European *pro-bʰuH-s (“being in front, prominent”), from *pro-, *per- (“toward”) + *bʰuH- (“to be”). Displaced native Middle English sothen (“to prove”), from Old English sōþian (“to prove”). Doublet of probe. More at for, be, soothe.

der

(homeopathy) To determine by experiment which effects a substance causes when ingested.


ride

en-verb

ride (third-person singular simple present rides, present participle riding, simple past rode or (obsolete) rade or (obsolete) rid, past participle ridden or (now colloquial and nonstandard) rode)

rides (present singular third-person)
riding (participle present)
rode (past)
rade (obsolete past)
rid (obsolete past)
ridden (participle past)
rode (colloquial nonstandard participle past)

From Middle English riden, from Old English rīdan, from Proto-West Germanic *rīdan, from Proto-Germanic *rīdaną, from Proto-Indo-European *Hreydʰ-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃reyH-.
Cognates
From Proto-Germanic: North Frisian ride (“to ride”), Saterland Frisian riede (“to ride”), West Frisian ride (“to ride”), Low German rieden (“to ride”), Dutch rijden (“to ride”), German reiten (“to ride”), Danish ride (“to ride”), Swedish rida (“to ride”).
From Indo-European: Welsh rhwyddhau (“to hurry”).

set a beggar on horseback and he'll ride to the Devil

(surgery) To overlap (each other); said of bones or fractured fragments.


sedentary

en-adj

sedentary (comparative more sedentary, superlative most sedentary)

more sedentary (comparative)
most sedentary (superlative)

migratory

antonym(s) of “living in a fixed geographical location”

From Middle French sédentaire, from Latin sedentārius (“sitting”), from sedeō (“I sit, I am seated”).

[…]the Egyptians; whose Sages were not sedentary, scholastic Sophists, like the Grecian[…]

1765 [1738], Bishop William Warburton, The Divine Legation of Moses Demonstrated, page 220:

[…]that any education that confined itself to sedentary pursuits was essentially imperfect, that the body as well as the mind should be cultivated[…]

1844 October 3, Benjamin Disraeli, The Acquirement of Knowledge, An address delivered to the members of the Manchester Athenæum:

(medicine, of a job, lifestyle, etc.) Not moving much; sitting around.


dogmatic

dogmatic (comparative more dogmatic, superlative most dogmatic)

more dogmatic (comparative)
most dogmatic (superlative)

[dɔɡˈmæɾ.ɪk]

[dɑɡˈmæɾ.ɪk]

[ˈdɔɡˈmæɾ.ɪk]

From Middle French dogmatique and its etymon, Late Latin dogmaticus, from Hellenistic Ancient Greek δογματικός (dogmatikós, “didactic”), from δόγμα (dógma, “dogma”).

der

Dogmatic philosophies have sought for tests for truth which might dispense us from appealing to the future. Some direct mark, by noting which we can be protected immediately and absolutely, now and forever, against all mistake—such has been the darling dream of philosophic dogmatists.

1902, William James, “Lecture I”, in The Varieties of Religious Experience: A Study in Human Nature […] , New York, N.Y.; London: Longmans, Green, and Co. […], →OCLC:

(philosophy, medicine) Adhering only to principles which are true a priori, rather than truths based on evidence or deduction.


shot

en-noun

shot (countable and uncountable, plural shots)

→ Dutch: shot

→ French: shot

→ Macedonian: шот (šot)

→ Malay: syot

→ Polish: shot

→ Portuguese: shot

→ Russian: шот (šot)

→ Spanish: shot

→ Swedish: shot

→ Ukrainian: шот (šot)

From Old English sceot, from Proto-Germanic *skutą; compare the doublet scot.

you miss 100% of the shots you don't take

I went to the doctor to get a shot for malaria.

(US, Canada, Australia, medicine) A vaccination or injection.


show

show (countable and uncountable, plural shows)

→ Catalan: xou

→ Danish: show

→ Dutch: show

→ Finnish: show

→ French: show

→ German: Show

→ Hindi: शो (śo)

→ Hungarian: show

→ Japanese: ショー (shō)

→ Korean: 쇼 (syo)

→ Norwegian Bokmål: show

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: show

→ Portuguese: show

→ Russian: шоу (šou)

→ Spanish: show

→ Swedish: show

→ Turkish: şov

→ Urdu: شو (śo)

From Middle English schewe, from the verb (schewen).

(medicine) A discharge, from the vagina, of mucus streaked with blood, occurring a short time before labor.


slide

→ Czech: slajd

→ Japanese: スライド (suraido)

→ Persian: اسلاید (eslâyd)

→ Polish: slajd

→ Portuguese: slide

From Middle English sliden, from Old English slīdan (“to slide”), from Proto-West Germanic *slīdan, from Proto-Germanic *slīdaną (“to slide, glide”), from Proto-Indo-European *sléydʰ-e-ti, from *sleydʰ- (“slippery”). Cognate with Old High German slītan (“to slide”) (whence German schlittern), Middle Low German slīden (“to slide”), Middle Dutch slīden (“to slide”) (whence Dutch slijderen, frequentative of now obsolete slijden), Vedic Sanskrit स्रेधति (srédhati, “to err, blunder”).

cog

(speech therapy) A voluntary stutter used as a technique to control stuttering in one's speech.


impact

en-noun

impact (countable and uncountable, plural impacts)

Attested since the 17th century, from Latin impāctus.

His spine had an impingement; L4 and L5 made impact, which caused numbness in his leg.


throw

en-verb

throw (third-person singular simple present throws, present participle throwing, simple past threw or (nonstandard) throwed, past participle thrown or (nonstandard) throwed or (nonstandard) threw)

throws (present singular third-person)
throwing (participle present)
threw (past)
throwed (nonstandard past)
thrown (participle past)
throwed (nonstandard participle past)
threw (nonstandard participle past)
throw (infinitive)

From Middle English throwen, thrawen, from Old English þrāwan (“to turn, twist”), from Proto-West Germanic *þrāan, from Proto-Germanic *þrēaną (“to twist, turn”), from Proto-Indo-European *terh₁- (“to rub, rub by twisting, twist, turn”).
Cognate with Scots thraw (“to twist, turn, throw”), West Frisian triuwe (“to push”), Dutch draaien (“to turn”), Low German draien, dreien (“to turn (in a lathe)”), German drehen (“to turn”).
Displaced warp as the word for hurling and was displaced by warp as the word for twisting.

hedh

to cause an object to move rapidly through the air

heitellä

repeatedly, continuously and/or indifferently

people who live in glass houses shouldn't throw stones

throw enough mud at the wall and some of it will stick

throw enough mud at the wall, some of it will stick

throw nickels around like manhole covers

throw oneself on someone's mercy not have a pot to piss in or a window to throw it out of

throw one's hotdog down someone's hallway

throw things at the wall and see what sticks

trust someone as far as one could throw them

At the end of the normal gestation period the cow threw two calf mummies as large as cats.

1916, Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, volume 49:

They can kid twice a year if things are right, and they often throw twins and triplets.

2008, Monte Dwyer, Red In The Centre: The Australian Bush Through Urban Eyes, Monyer Pty Ltd, page 200:

(transitive, veterinary medicine) Of animals: to give birth to (young).


weep

en-verb

weep (third-person singular simple present weeps, present participle weeping, simple past and past participle wept or (poetic, otherwise nonstandard) weeped)

weeps (present singular third-person)
weeping (participle present)
wept (participle past)
wept (past)
weeped (nonstandard participle past poetic)
weeped (nonstandard past poetic)

From Middle English wepen, from Old English wēpan (“to weep, complain, bewail, mourn over, deplore”), from Proto-West Germanic *wōpijan, from Proto-Germanic *wōpijaną (“to weep”), from Proto-Indo-European *weh₂b- (“to call, cry, complain”).
Cognate with Scots wepe, weip (“to weep”), Saterland Frisian wapia (“to cry, complain”), Icelandic æpa (“to yell, shout”).

cog

To give off moisture in small quantities, e.g. due to condensation.

(medicine, of a wound or sore) To produce secretions.


round

en-verb

round (third-person singular simple present rounds, present participle rounding, simple past and past participle rounded)

rounds (present singular third-person)
rounding (participle present)
rounded (participle past)
rounded (past)

From Middle English round, rounde, from Old Northern French roünt, rund, Old French ront, runt, reont ( > French rond), from both Late Latin retundus and the original Latin rotundus. The noun developed partly from the adjective and partly from the corresponding French noun rond. Doublet of rotund.

(medicine, colloquial) To do ward rounds.


box

en-noun

box (plural boxes or (nonstandard, computing, humorous) boxen)

boxes (plural)
boxen (humorous nonstandard plural)

Tok Pisin: bokis

→ Afrikaans: boks

→ Bengali: বাক্স (bakśo)

→ Bulgarian: бокс (boks)

→ Crimean Tatar: boks

→ Danish: boks

→ Dutch: box m

→ Faroese: boks

→ French: box m

→ German: Box f

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: बकस m (bakas), बक्सा m (baksā)

Urdu: بکس m (baks, bakas)

→ Icelandic: box n

→ Indonesian: boks

→ Irish: bosca m

→ Italian: box m

→ Japanese: ボックス (bokkusu)

→ Korean: 박스 (bakseu)

→ Maori: pāka

→ Marwari: बकस (baks, bakas)

→ Nepali: बाकस (bākas)

→ Norman: bosc m

→ Norwegian: boks m

→ Pashto: بکس (baks)

→ Persian: باکس (bâks)

→ Polish: boks m

→ Portuguese: box m

→ Russian: бокс m (boks)

→ Scottish Gaelic: bogsa m, bocsa

→ Spanish: box m

→ Swedish: box c

→ Welsh: bocs

Etymology tree
Ancient Greek πῠ́ξος (pŭ́xos)
Ancient Greek -ις (-is)
Ancient Greek πυξίς (puxís)bor.
Late Latin buxisbor.
Proto-West Germanic *buhsā
Old English box
Middle English box
English box
From Middle English box (“container, box, cup”), from Old English box (“box, case”), from Proto-West Germanic *buhsā (“box”) from Late Latin buxis (“box”), Latin pyxis (“small box for medicines or toiletries”), of uncertain origin; compare Ancient Greek πύξος (púxos, “box or tablet made of boxwood; box; cylinder”) and Ancient Greek πυξίς (puxís, “box or tablet made of boxwood; box; cylinder”). Doublet of piseog, pyx, and pyxis.
Cognate with Middle Dutch bosse, busse (“jar; tin; round box”) (modern Dutch bos (“wood, forest”), bus (“container, box; bushing of a wheel”)), Old High German buhsa (Middle High German buhse, bühse, modern German Büchse (“box; can”)), Swedish bössa (“box”).
The humorous plural form boxen is from box + -en, by analogy with oxen.

rasia

compartment or receptacle for receiving items

ramme

rectangular border around an image, text, etc.

ruutu

small area on a document for a tick mark

tofu

empty box displayed by some computer systems in place of a character not supported by available fonts

Similar considerations apply in the case of tRNA genes, where the internal promoter is split into two functional domains (box A and box B) which must be a minimum distance apart[…]. The first 11 bp of the internal control region in the Xenopus 5S gene are structurally and functionally homologous to the box A element of tRNA gene promoters, […]

1990, David De Pomerai, “Gene Organisation and Control”, in From Gene to Animal: An Introduction to the Molecular Biology of Animal Development, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, section 1.3 (Transcriptional Control), page 11:

Senses relating to a two-dimensional object or space

(genetics) One of two specific regions in a promoter.


analyst

“I had a difficult session with my analyst last evening and the slightest thing is apt to set me off.”

1952, Ralph Ellison, Invisible Man, Penguin Books (2014), page 185:

(psychiatry) A practitioner of psychoanalysis.

精神分析学者

せいしんぶんせきがくしゃ


cement

en-noun

cement (countable and uncountable, plural cements)

→ Arabic: أَسْمَنْت (ʔasmant)

→ Chinese:

q

Mandarin: 水門汀 /水门汀 (shuǐméntīng) (chiefly Southwestern, Northeastern, and Jianghuai)

Wu: 水門汀 /水门汀 (⁵sy-men-thin)

→ Fiji Hindi: simit

→ Irish: suimint

→ Japanese: セメント (semento)

→ Kashubian: cymańt (Canada)

→ Korean: 시멘트 (simenteu)

→ Malay: simen

→ Punjabi: ਸੀਮਿੰਟ (sīmiṇṭ)

→ Swahili: simiti, sementi

→ Thai: ซีเมนต์ (sii-men)

→ Tok Pisin: simen

→ Welsh: sment

From Middle English syment, cyment, from Old French ciment, from Latin caementum (“quarry stone; stone chips for making mortar”), from caedō (“I cut, hew”). Doublet of cementum.

derived

(anatomy) The layer of bone investing the root and neck of a tooth; cementum.


ball

en-noun

ball (countable and uncountable, plural balls)

→ Cantonese: 波 (bo¹)

→ Japanese: ボール (bōru)

→ Makah: ba·la

→ Yoruba: bọ́ọ̀lù

From Middle English bal, ball, balle, from an unattested Old English *beall, *bealla (“round object, ball”) or Old Norse bǫllr (“a ball”), both from Proto-Germanic *balluz, *ballô (“ball”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰol-n- (“ball, bubble”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰel- (“to blow, inflate, swell”). Cognate with Old Saxon ball, Dutch bal, Old High German bal, ballo (German Ball (“ball”); Ballen (“bale”)). Related forms in Romance are borrowings from Germanic. See also balloon, bale.

ампыл

object, generally spherical, used for playing games

туп

ballistics: a solid nonexplosive missile

cold enough to freeze the balls off a brass monkey

A roundish, protuberant portion of some part of the body.

(anatomy) The front of the bottom of the foot, just behind the toes.


clean

en-adj

clean (comparative cleaner, superlative cleanest)

cleaner (comparative)
cleanest (superlative)

From Middle English clene, clane, from Old English clǣne (“clean, pure”), from Proto-West Germanic *klainī (“shining, fine, splendid, tender”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *glēy- (“gleaming”), from Proto-Indo-European *gel- (“to gleam”). Cognate with Scots clean (“absolute, pure, clear, empty”) and clene, clane (“clean”), North Frisian klien (“small”), West Frisian klien (“small”), klean (“clean”), Dutch klein (“small”), Low German kleen (“small”), German klein (“small”), Swedish klen (“weak, feeble, delicate”), Icelandic klénn (“poor, feeble, petty, snug, puny, cheesy, lame”).

cog

"Serious as cognitohazard." Lillihammer danced down the corridor towards them, doing little pirouettes and leaping from toe to toe. "Reuben Wirth no longer exists. Gonna have to get Forsythe to do that brain scan to make sure I'm clean, but otherwise yeah. Poof."

2023 October 14, HarryBlank, “Face Time”, in SCP Foundation, archived from the original on 2024-05-23:

(health, of a person) Free of infection or disease.

I want to make sure my fiancé is clean before we are married.

sexually transmitted disease
sexually transmitted disease

(health) Devoid of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs).

skoon

not having sexually transmitted diseases


bacteria

From New Latin bactēria, from Ancient Greek βακτηρίᾱ (baktēríā, “rod, stick”).

der

(dated, medicine) An oval bacterium, as distinguished from a spherical coccus or rod-shaped bacillus.


relaxed

en-adj

relaxed (comparative more relaxed, superlative most relaxed)

more relaxed (comparative)
most relaxed (superlative)

From relax + -ed, originally after Latin relaxātus.

It was a very wet morning. I woke relaxed and melancholy as in the country, and walked about an hour under cover, in the middle of the town […].

1790, James Boswell, edited by Marlies K. Danziger and Frank Brady, Boswell: The Great Biographer, Yale, published 1989, page 54:

(obsolete, physiology) Made slack or feeble; weak, soft.

(physiology) Of a muscle: soft, not tensed.


belly

Hawaiian Creole: belly

desctree

Sranan Tongo: bere
Aukan: bee
Saramaccan: bë́ë

Inherited from Middle English bely, beli, bali, below, belew, balyw, from Old English bielġ (“bag, pouch, bulge”), from Proto-West Germanic *balgi, *balgu, from Proto-Germanic *balgiz, *balguz (“skin, hide, bellows, bag”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰelǵʰ- (“to swell, blow up”). Cognate with Dutch balg, German Balg, Danish bælg, Old Irish bolg, Welsh bol. Doublet of bellows, blague, bulge, and budge. See also bellows.

doublet

one's belly thinks one's throat has been cut

Before I formed thee in the bellie, I knew thee; […]

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Jeremiah 1:5:

(anatomy, countable) uterus (a reproductive organ of therian mammals in which the young are conceived and develop until birth)


ice

Bislama: aes

→ Brunei Malay: ais

→ Japanese: アイス (aisu)

→ Korean: 아이스 (aiseu)

→ Malay: ais

→ Marshallese: aej, aij

→ Sinhalese: අයිස් (ayis)

→ Tokelauan: aiha

From Middle English is, from Old English īs (“ice”), from Proto-West Germanic *īs, from Proto-Germanic *īsą (“ice”) from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eyH- (“ice, frost”).
Cognates
See also Saterland Frisian Íes, West Frisian iis, Dutch ijs, German Low German Ies, German Eis, Danish, Norwegian, and Swedish is; also Lithuanian ýnis (“glazed frost”), Russian и́ней (ínej, “hoarfrost”), Ossetian их (ix), ех (ex, “ice”), Persian یخ (yax), Northern Kurdish qeş. Superseded non-native Middle English glace (“ice”), borrowed from Old French glace (“ice”).

der

There were times when she could tell the Washingtons were overwhelmed by Jahlil's difficult ways, and one time Jessie even had the nerve to ask Carmiesha if she had smoked anything like crack or ice while she was pregnant with him.

2006, Noire [pseudonym], Thug-A-Licious: An Urban Erotic Tale, New York, N.Y.: One World, Ballantine Books, →ISBN, page 122:

(drugs) The crystal form of amphetamine-based drugs.


sovereign

en-adj

sovereign (comparative more sovereign, superlative most sovereign)

more sovereign (comparative)
most sovereign (superlative)

From Middle English sovereyn, from Old French soverain (whence also modern French souverain), from Vulgar Latin *superānus (compare Italian sovrano, Spanish soberano) from Latin super (“above”). Spelling influenced by folk-etymology association with reign. Doublet of soprano, from the same Latin root via Italian. See also suzerain, foreign.

The ſoueraigne weede betwixt two marbles plaine
 She pownded ſmall, and did in peeces bruze,
 And then atweene her lilly handes twaine,
 Into his wound the iuyce thereof did ſcruze […]

1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book III, Canto V”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:

Homer of Moly and Nepenthe singes:
 Moly, the gods most soveraigne hearbe divine.
 Nepenth Hellen's drink, which gladnes brings,—
 Hart's greife repells, and doth yᵉ witts refine.

1876, John Davies, “[Tobacco.]”, in Alexander B[alloch] Grosart, editor, The Complete Poems of Sir John Davies. Edited, with Memorial-Introduction and Notes, by the Rev. Alexander B. Grosart. In Two Volumes (Early English Poets), volume II, London: Chatto and Windus, Piccadilly, →OCLC, page 226:

a sovereign remedy

1681, John Dryden, The Spanish Fryar: Or, the Double Discovery. […], London: […] Richard Tonson and Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC, (please specify the page number):

Such a sovereign influence has this passion upon the regulation of the lives and actions of men.

1692–1717, Robert South, Twelve Sermons Preached upon Several Occasions, volume (please specify |volume=I to VI), London:

In Spain people still bathe in the sea or roll naked in the dew of the meadows on St. John’s Eve, believing that this is a sovereign preservative against diseases of the skin.

1900, James George Frazer, The Golden Bough, volume 3, page 297:

(now rare, pharmacology) Extremely potent or effective (of a medicine, remedy etc.).


acoustic

Borrowed from Medieval Latin acousticus, from Ancient Greek ἀκουστῐκός (akoustĭkós, “of or for hearing”), from ἀκούω (akoúō, “to hear”) + -ῐκός (-ĭkós, adjectival suffix). Sense 4 ("autistic") was popularized on TikTok in late October 2023.

af

(medicine) A medicine or other agent to assist hearing.


recession

en-noun

recession (countable and uncountable, plural recessions)

Borrowed from Latin recessiō, from recēdō (“recede, retreat”), from re- (“back”) + cēdō (“to go”).

Bilateral medial rectus muscle recession when angle is stable. Controversy exists regarding optimal timing of surgery. If greater than 40 prism diopter esotropia, some recommend bimedial recession with resection of one lateral rectus muscle.

2011, George L. Spaeth, Helen Danesh-Meyer, Ivan Goldberg, Ophthalmic Surgery: Principles and Practice E-Book, page 467:

(surgery) A procedure in which an extraocular muscle is detached from the globe of the eye and reattached posteriorly.


deep

en-adj

deep (comparative deeper or more deep, superlative deepest or most deep)

deeper (comparative)
more deep (comparative)
deepest (superlative)
most deep (superlative)

shallow

antonym(s) of “in extent in a direction away from the observer”

shallow

antonym(s) of “thick in a vertical direction”

light

antonym(s) of “of a color, dark and highly saturated”

From Middle English depe, deep, dep, deop, from Old English dēop (“deep, profound; awful, mysterious; heinous; serious, solemn, earnest; extreme, great”), from Proto-West Germanic *deup, from Proto-Germanic *deupaz (“deep”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ-nós, from *dʰewbʰ- (“deep”).
Cognates
Cognate with Scots depe (“deep”), Saterland Frisian djoop (“deep”), West Frisian djip (“deep”), Low German deep (“deep”), Dutch diep (“deep”), German tief (“deep”), Danish dyb (“deep”), Norwegian Bokmål dyp (“deep”), Norwegian Nynorsk and Swedish djup (“deep”), Icelandic djúpur (“deep”), Lithuanian dubùs (“deep, hollow”), Albanian det (“sea”), Welsh dwfn (“deep”).

inh

the brachialis is deep to the biceps

(of distance or position; also figurative) Extending, reaching or positioned far from a point of reference, especially downwards.

(anatomy, often with to) Further into the body.


crisis

From Latin crisis, from Ancient Greek κρίσις (krísis, “a separating, power of distinguishing, decision, choice, election, judgment, dispute”), from κρίνω (krínō, “pick out, choose, decide, judge”).

der

(medicine) A sudden change in the course of a disease, usually at which point the patient is expected to either recover or die.


penis

From late 17th century. Learned borrowing from Latin pēnis (“tail, penis”), from Proto-Indo-European *pes- (“penis”). Displaced native English pintle, tarse.

नुन्नी

jocular reference while talking to a child

urogenital fold - embryological precursors

The female clitoris is homologous to the male penis.

See, the problem is that God gives men a brain and a penis, and only enough blood to run one at a time.

The penis is the perfectly obvious and natural symbol of instantaneous time.

1981, William Irwin Thompson, The Time Falling Bodies Take to Light: Mythology, Sexuality and the Origins of Culture, London: Rider/Hutchinson & Co., page 129:

A life is more valuable than a penis.

1994 January 24, Lisa Kemler, Newsweek, page 19:

1998, Collecting Mark Twain: A History and Three New Paths, Kevin Mac Donnell, Firsts Magazine, Inc.
By early November, the sheets of HUCK FINN were being forwarded for binding, and within a week or two it was discovered that the illustration at page 283 had been altered in the master plate to make it appear as if Uncle Silas was exposing his penis. Twain would be amused to know that this may be the first time the word "penis" has ever been used to describe the alteration to this plate; the euphemisms and delicate phrasings employed by previous bibliographers to avoid stating the obvious are impressive.

Okay, hold on, because “stimulus package of your dreams” sounds like how Paul Krugman describes his penis.

2016 October 16, “Third Parties”, in Last Week Tonight with John Oliver, season 3, episode 26, John Oliver (actor), via HBO:

(anatomy) The male erectile reproductive organ used for sexual intercourse that in the human male and other placental mammals is also used for urination; the tubular portion of the external male genitalia (excluding the scrotum).


apex

Borrowed from Latin apex (“point, tip, summit”).

B.P. 118/68. Grade I diastolic murmur best heard over apex. Patient well and had no complaints referable to heart. Origin of the diastolic murmur is open to conjecture.

1951 March, J. H. Lehmann, A. D. Johnson, W. C. Bridges, J. Michel, D. M. Green, “Cardiac Catheterization—A Diagnostic Aid in Congenital Heart Disease”, in Northwest Medicine, volume 50, number 3, Portland, Ore.: Northwest Medical Publishing Association, page 175:

The highest or the greatest part of something, especially forming a point.

(chiefly anatomy) The pointed fine end of something.


butterfly

From Middle English buterflie, butturflye, boterflye, from Old English buterflēoge, equivalent to butter + fly. Cognate with Dutch botervlieg, German Butterfliege (“butterfly”). The name may have originally been applied to butterflies of a yellowish color, and/or reflected a belief that butterflies ate milk and butter (compare German Molkendieb (“butterfly”, literally “whey-thief”) and Low German Botterlicker (“butterfly”, literally “butter-licker”)), or that they excreted a butter-like substance (compare Dutch boterschijte (“butterfly”, literally “butter-shitter”)). Compare also German Schmetterling from Schmetten (“cream”), German Low German Bottervögel (“butterfly”, literally “butter-fowl”). More at butter, fly.
An alternate theory suggests that the first element may have originally been Old English butor- (“beater”), a mutation of bēatan (“to beat”), but this would not explain the cognates in other languages or the other names formed with milk products.
Superseded non-native Middle English papilion (“butterfly”) borrowed from Old French papillon (“butterfly”).

cog

butterfly tape; butterfly bandage; butterfly strips

(medicine, attributive) A use of surgical tape, cut into thin strips and placed across an open wound to hold it closed.


dromedary

→ Welsh: dromedari

/ˈdɹɒmɪdəɹi/

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-dromedary.wav

/ˈdɹɑməˌdɛɹi/

From Middle English dromedari, dromedarie (“dromedary; any camel”) [and other forms], from Old French dromedaire, from Late Latin dromedārius (“kind of camel”), from Latin *dromadārius, from dromas, dromadis (“dromedary”) + -ārius (suffix forming nouns denoting agents of use). Dromas and dromadis are derived from Ancient Greek δρομᾰ́ς (dromắs, “running; dromedary”), an ellipsis of δρομὰς κάμηλος (dromàs kámēlos, “running camel”), from δρόμος (drómos, “race, running; race course, track”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *drem- (“to run”).

nb...

dromadary, dromadayr, drombodary, dromendari, dromidare, dromidarie, dromider, dromodari, dromodarie, dromodarye, dromondari, dromondarie, dromondary, dromounday, dromydary, dromyder, drowmondere

der

The untreated cases have been arranged in three groups according to the clinical course. The first group, called the dromedary group, shows the curious phenomenon of two different periods of illness with an interval of well-being. […] Because of the two distinct groups or humps of symptoms, the analogy to the arrangement of the dromedary’s back was taken to express the type figuratively.

1917 April 21, George Draper, “Acute Poliomyelitis: Early Diagnosis and Serum Therapy”, in The Journal of the American Medical Association, volume 68, number 16, Chicago, Ill., →DOI, page 1153:

central nervous system
central nervous system#English

(medicine, dated, attributively) Referring to a biphasic clinical course of poliomyelitis, typically occurring in children, characterized by a minor illness, followed by an asymptomatic period of several days before the onset of a major illness involving the central nervous system.