emesis

en-noun

emesis (countable and uncountable, plural emeses)

From Ancient Greek ἔμεσις (émesis), from ἐμέω (eméō, “vomit”). Compare ἔμετος (émetos, “vomit”, noun). Synchronically held to end in the suffix -esis.

Syrup of ipecac almost always forces an emesis.

A female, aged 57 years, was left affected with abdominal dropsy after an attack of fever. On the 3d of March, 1836, she took 6 drops of croton oil, and in the substances rejected by emeses, four living caterpillars were perceived at first, and subsequently ten others.

1837 May 7, “Living Caterpillars in the Human Intestines”, in Southern Medical and Surgical Journal, volume I, number 12, page 747:

Information included coexisting diseases, alcohol misuse, other substance misuse, medications taken at the same time as antituberculosis treatment (focusing on antiretroviral and azole antifungal agents), and the presence of gastrointentinal symptoms (nausea, emesis, diarrhoea, abdominal pain).

1996 October 5, Williamson Z. Bradford et al., “The changing epidemiology of acquired drug-resistant tuberculosis in San Francisco, USA”, in The Lancet, volume 348, number 9032, →PMID, page 929:

Several nurses stood outside the doors holding clipboards and dispensing yellow plastic emesis basins to a restless line of a least^([sic]) a dozen patients in long sleeves, heavy trousers, and work boots.

2010, Candace Calvert, chapter 1, in Disaster Status, Carol Stream: Tyndale House Publishers, page 7:

(pathology) The act or process of vomiting.


Belyando spew

Ultimately of Australian Aboriginal derivation; named for the Belyando River of central Queensland.
The expression dates from no later 1891, from when it was in use in a shearer′s song.

Filariasis, anchylostomiasis, tropical anaemias, and the many and varied tropical disorders, from malaria and dengue to Barcoo rot and Belyando spew, await the application of modern research methods to place them on the necessary footing to render prophylaxis and treatment more satisfactory[…].

1908, Australasian Medical Association, Australasian Medical Gazette: The Journal of the Australasian branches of the British Medical Association, volume 27, page 25:

(Australia, slang, pathology, obsolete) An illness afflicting shearers, characterised by vomiting after meals and presumed to have been due to the hard work of shearing bent over in stifling heat (though more likely due to a local grass).


hematemesis

hematemesis (countable and uncountable, plural hematemeses)

(American spelling, medicine) Blood within vomitus; the vomiting of blood.


vomitus

Every observant mother has learned the importance of noting the character of her baby's vomitus, the color of its stools, the evidence of inflation of its stomach, etc.

1905, Monthly Bulletin, California State Board of Health, page 70:

Or, in sorrow, he might have started drinking one night, become intoxicated, vomited, aspirated the vomitus into his lungs, and developed a lung abcess or aspiration pneumonia.

1991, Eric J Cassell, The Nature of Suffering and the Goals of Medicine, Oxford University Press, page 112:

(medicine) Vomit (the product of an emesis).


emetology

(medicine) The study of the causes of emesis, i.e., vomiting, usually sub-specialities of gastroenterology or neurology.


dehiscence

dehiscence (countable and uncountable, plural dehiscences)

From New Latin dehiscentia (in Linnaeus), from Latin dehiscentem, present participle of dehiscō. By surface analysis, dehisce + -ence.

(medicine) A rupture, as with a surgical wound opening up, often with a flow of serous fluid.


haunch

From Middle English haunche, hanche, from Old French hanche, hance, anche (compare French hanche, Italian anca), from a Germanic source, probably Frankish *ankijā, from Proto-Germanic *ankijǭ (“joint; ankle”), from Proto-Indo-European *ang- (“joint; lith”). Cognate with Old High German ancha, encha, einka (“the leg; joint, bend”) (compare Old High German anchila, enchila (“ankle”), German Hanke (“haunch”), West Frisian hancke (“haunch”). More at ankle.

der

But I had no time to pursue these reflections; for the gray horse came to the door, and made me a sign to follow him into the third room where I saw a very comely mare, together with a colt and foal, sitting on their haunches upon mats of straw, not unartfully made, and perfectly neat and clean.

1726 October 28, [Jonathan Swift], Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World. […] [Gulliver’s Travels], volume II, London: […] Benj[amin] Motte, […], →OCLC, part IV (A Voyage to the Houyhnhnms):

And the rabbit from his path-way
Leaped aside, and at a distance
Sat erect upon his haunches.

1855 November 10, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, “chapter III”, in The Song of Hiawatha, Boston, Mass.: Ticknor and Fields, →OCLC:

While Heracles, - the thews and cordage of his thighs
Straitened and strained beyond the utmost stretch
From quivering heel to haunch like sweating hawsers.

The fog comes on little cat feet.
It sits looking over harbor and city
on silent haunches and then moves on.

He [Novak Djokovic] dropped to his haunches just inside the baseline as Centre Court rose to acclaim the champion, hugging South African [Kevin] Anderson at the net before skipping over towards his box and celebrating wildly in front of his coaching team and wife Jelena.

2018 July 15, Jonathan Jurejko, “Novak Djokovic Wins Fourth Wimbledon by Beating Kevin Anderson”, in BBC Sport, archived from the original on 2019-02-14:

(anatomy) The area encompassing the upper thigh, hip and buttocks on one side of a human, primate, or quadruped animal, especially one that can sit on its hindquarters.


levofloxacin

(pharmacology) A broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent (trademark Levaquin) that is the levorotatory isomer of ofloxacin.


loperamide

/ləʊˈpɛ.ɹə.mʌɪd/

From (ch)lo(ro)- + (pi)per(idine) + -amide.

(pharmacology) A synthetic antidiarrheal agent of the opiate class (trademark Imodium) that slows intestinal peristalsis and is taken orally in the form of its hydrochloride C₂₉H₃₃ClN₂O₂·HCl to control acute nonspecific diarrhea or chronic diarrhea associated with inflammatory bowel disease or to reduce fecal volume discharged from ileostomies.


allocation

en-noun

allocation (countable and uncountable, plural allocations)

From Middle French allocacion, from Medieval Latin allocātiō. By surface analysis, allocate + -ion.

(embryology) Restriction of an embryonic cell and its clonal descendants to a particular cell type or body region


expectorant

The disease was regarded as pneumonia so far advanced that suppuration seemed to have supervened; bleeding, blisters, expectorants, and cathartics diminished the symptoms; the pulse continued frequent, hard, full, but always regular.

1833, R. J. Bertin, translated by Charles W. Chauncy, Treatise on the Diseases of the Heart, and Great Vessels, Philadelphia: Carey, Lea & Blnachard, page 165:

The bedside table is littered with both OTC and prescription expectorants and pertussives and analgesics and Vitamin-C megaspansules[…]

1996, David Foster Wallace, Infinite Jest […], Boston, Mass., New York, N.Y.: Little, Brown and Company, →ISBN, page 60:

(medicine) An agent or drug used to cause or induce the expulsion of phlegm from the lungs.


expectorant

an expectorant preparation

‘Matchett says there’s old Mr P. who made all the money with ’is cought mixture—’ ‘Not Parkinsons ex . . . something?’ asked Jessamy. ‘That’s it,’ nodded Sarah, ‘ “Hexpectorant Posset”.’

1967, Barbara Sleigh, Jessamy, Sevenoaks, Kent: Bloomsbury, published 1993, →ISBN, page 84:

(medicine) Causing or assisting the expulsion of phlegm.


bandeau

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-bandeau.wav

Borrowed from French bandeau, from Old French bandel, diminutive form of bande. Doublet of bendel.

1998, AANS Publications Committee: Setti S. Rengachary, MD, and Edward C. Benzel, MD, Calvarial and Dural Reconstruction: Neurosurgical Topics
The frontal bandeau is then elevated en bloc. A Bi on BC1 (Midas Rex) bit is used to create the osteotomies circumferentially.

The supraorbital bandeau is fixed to the nasal structure by a titanium [...]
This bandeau is fixed by microplates. The median bone strip is fixed to the [...]

1999, Bill C. Terry, Maxime Champy, Franz Härle, et al, Atlas of Craniomaxillofacial Osteosynthesis: miniplates, microplates, and screws:


psychogenic

/ˌsʌɪkɒ(ʊ)ˈd͡ʒɛnɪk/

(psychiatry) Originating from or caused by state of mind; having a psychological rather than a physiological cause.

psychogenní

originating from or caused by state of mind


products of conception

(medicine) The human fetus, placenta and other such by-products of a miscarriage or abortion.


HACE

high-altitude cerebral edema
w:high-altitude cerebral edema

(pathology) Initialism of high-altitude cerebral edema.


multiple allelism

(genetics) The state of having three or more alleles, or distinctive forms of a gene.


pharmacopeial

(pharmacy, pharmacology) Of or pertaining to pharmacopeia.


USP

Initialism of United States Pharmacopeia.

(US, pharmacology) The United States Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc., a standard-setting authority that publishes USP-NF standards about pharmaceuticals and dietary supplements.

(US, pharmacology) The United States Pharmacopeia, the published standards.


USP

Clarithromycin Tablets, USP

(US, pharmacology, postpositive, used after a drug's name) Adhering to the standards of the United States Pharmacopeia.


USP

(US, pharmacology) Ellipsis of USP unit.


presser

A person, device, or agent that presses or squeezes, as:

(medicine) Alternative spelling of pressor: Synonym of vasopressor.


receptive

en-adj

receptive (comparative more receptive, superlative most receptive)

more receptive (comparative)
most receptive (superlative)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-receptive.wav

From Late Middle English receptive, receptyue (“capable of receiving something; acting as a receptacle”), borrowed from Medieval Latin receptivus (“capable of receiving something”), from Latin receptus (“retaken, having been retaken; received, having been received”) + -īvus (suffix added to the perfect passive participial stems of verbs, forming a deverbal adjective meaning ‘doing; related to doing’). Receptus is the perfect passive participle of recipiō (“to regain possession, take back; to recapture; to receive; to accept, undertake”), from re- (prefix meaning ‘back, backwards; again’) + capiō (“to capture, catch, take; to take hold, take possession; to take on; to contain, hold; to occupy; to possess; to receive, take in; to comprehend, understand; to captivate, charm”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kap-, *keh₂p- (“to hold; to seize”)).

der

(neurology, psychology) Of, affecting, or pertaining to the understanding of language rather than its expression.


mammiferous

en-adj

mammiferous (comparative more mammiferous, superlative most mammiferous)

more mammiferous (comparative)
most mammiferous (superlative)

/mæˈmɪfəɹəs/

The mammiferous secretary slithered in, changed the spool and slithered out again, giving me a small, hygienic smile en route.

1973, Kyril Bonfiglioli, Don't Point That Thing at Me, Penguin, published 2001, page 53:

(anatomy) Having mammae, or (humorous) breasts.


aromatherapist

alternative medicine
alternative medicine

(alternative medicine) A practitioner of aromatherapy.


multiple chemical sensitivity

en-noun

multiple chemical sensitivity (uncountable)

(medicine) a chronic disease caused by a person's inability to tolerate a variety of environmental substances


preeclampsia

preeclampsia (usually uncountable, plural preeclampsias)

(pathology) A complication of pregnancy, affecting about 2-20% of women, depending on location, characterized by hypertension and damage to the linings of the blood vessels of the brain, liver, lungs and kidneys, which can lead to multiple organ failure, convulsions, coma and death. The only cure is delivery of the child.


eclampsia

eclampsia (usually uncountable, plural eclampsias)

Borrowed from New Latin eclampsia, from French éclampsie, from Ancient Greek ἔκλᾰμψῐς (éklămpsĭs, “sudden development, violent onset”, literally “brightness”), from ἐκλᾰ́μπω (eklắmpō, “to shine or beam forth; to burst forth violently”) + -σῐς (-sĭs, nominal suffix).

af

(pathology) A complication of pregnancy characterized by seizures and coma due to hypertension.


external cause

(medicine) A cause for an effect in a system that is not a constituent of that system, especially causes of personal health problems or death, such as poison, weapon wounds, or accident.


coxy

Phonetic respelling of a clipping of coccidiosis.

Now your laying birds, too, can have protection against cecal coccidiosis. AMPROL* SOLUTION can be safely given to all chickens at the first sign of coxy or when a diagnosis of coccidiosis has been made.

1967, Canadian Poultry Review, volume 91, page 6:

(veterinary medicine, informal) Coccidiosis.


MPS

en-noun

MPS (countable and uncountable, plural MPSs)

myofascial pain syndrome
w:myofascial pain syndrome

(medicine) Initialism of myofascial pain syndrome.

They spent a year in mourning. But the Dants began to wonder whether there was something they could do. Surely, there were other families out there dealing with MPS I.

2017 May 13, Ashley Strickland, “Warned he would die by age 10, he just graduated college”, in CNN:

(medicine) Abbreviation of mucopolysaccharidosis.


polarity

polarity (countable and uncountable, plural polarities)

polaritat

chemistry: dipole-dipole intermolecular force

(embryology) The division of an embryo into an animal pole and a vegetal pole within a blastula. ᵂᵖ


dactylosymphysis

(medicine) the joining of two fingers or toes with a web, often as a hereditary disorder (normal in some birds)


mobilization

mobilization (countable and uncountable, plural mobilizations)

From French mobilisation or mobilize + -ation.

(genetics) The transport of a copy of a gene from one chromosome, or one organism to another.


syphilitic

One can try hunting syphilitic treponemes directly by having skin irregularities […] biopsied and subjected to a silver-staining test.

1988 April 16, Mike Smith, “AIDS and Syphilis”, in Gay Community News, page 5:

(pathology) Of, relating to, or infected with syphilis.


myelin

myelin (countable and uncountable, plural myelins)

From myelo- + -in.
From Ancient Greek μυελός (muelós, “marrow”).

As the result of prolonged action of water upon myelin, bird's-nests-cells are also said to be produced, and we are certain we have seen, as the result of such prolonged action of water, the appearances thus compared.

1868 January, Edmund Montgomery, “On the Formation of so-called Cells in Animal Bodies”, in The American Journal of the Medical Sciences, page 203:

This gene controls the production of an insulating sleeve that wraps around neurons. Known as myelin, it is crucial for long-range communication in the brain.

2018 December 13, Carl Zimmer, “Narrower Skulls, Oblong Brains: How Neanderthal DNA Still Shapes Us”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

(neuroanatomy) A white, fatty material, composed of lipids and lipoproteins, that surrounds the axons of nerves.


myo-

From international scientific vocabulary, reflecting a New Latin combining form, from Ancient Greek μῦς (mûs, “mouse; muscle”).

der

classical compound
international scientific vocabulary


rotator

(anatomy) A muscle by which a joint can be rotated.


contemplative

en-adj

contemplative (comparative more contemplative, superlative most contemplative)

more contemplative (comparative)
most contemplative (superlative)

From Middle English contemplatyve, contemplatyf, from Old French contemplatif, from the participle stem of Latin contemplāre.

Coordinate term: precontemplative

(medicine, psychiatry) In a phase of mental activity in which one begins to recognize and acknowledge the maladaptiveness of someone's behavior (such as one's own, or that of a family member or friend); usually with reference to substance use.


nonspecific

Coordinate term: assident

See also: nonspecific symptom, specificity

(medicine, of a symptom or other finding) Not specific to one possible cause; caused by any of various possible causes.

(medicine, of an antimicrobial) Not specific to one pathogen; affecting multiple strains or species of pathogen.

(medicine, of an infection) Not known to be caused by any specific pathogen.

Coordinate term: crossreactive

(medicine, of a person's immunity) Not caused by previous infection or vaccination, and/or affecting more than one antigen.

(medicine, of a stain in microscopy) That does not just stain one type of tissue.


stridor

en-noun

stridor (countable and uncountable, plural stridors)

From Latin strīdor (“shrill or harsh sound”), from strīdō (“make a shrill or harsh sound”).

Her breath-holding increased in duration to almost a minute; her expirations became complicated by stridor, forced retching, and forced phonations ('Oouuggh!').

1973, Oliver Sacks, Awakenings, New York: Vintage, published 1999, page 50:

(medicine) A high-pitched sound heard on inspiration resulting from turbulent air flow in the upper airway usually indicative of serious airway obstruction.


subclavian artery

subclavian artery (plural subclavian arteries)

Glass from the shattered side windows had lodged itself quite deep between Lia’s shoulder blade and collar bone, just missing the subclavian artery.

2022, Maddie Mortimer, Maps of Our Spectacular Bodies, Picador, page 205:

(anatomy) A paired artery of the upper thorax which passes beneath the clavicle and mainly supplies the upper limb, and continues as the axillary artery at the lateral border of the first rib.


osteoplastic

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-osteoplastic.wav

(surgery) Of, or relating to osteoplasty.


osteoplasty

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-osteoplasty.wav

(surgery) Surgery to repair, modify or graft bone or bony structures.


paralogue

(genetics) A pair of genes that derives from the same ancestral gene and now reside at different locations within the same genome.


dry rot

(phytopathology) A fungal infection which affects plants, in particular potatoes.


phasic

en-adj

phasic (comparative more phasic, superlative most phasic)

more phasic (comparative)
most phasic (superlative)

(physiology) Describing the discontinuous activity of excitable cells or tissues.


phthisic

en-noun

phthisic (countable and uncountable, plural phthisics)

From Middle English tisike, from Anglo-Norman, from Latin phthisicus (“suffering from tuberculosis”), from Ancient Greek φθισικός (phthisikós, “consumptive”), from φθίσις (phthísis, “tuberculosis, consumption”).

der

(pathology) A wasting illness of the lungs, such as asthma or tuberculosis; consumption; phthisis.

(pathology, formerly) Any wasting disease.


polygenic

A risk score based on multiple genetic differences, or polygenic risk score, predicted significantly more cases of early-onset heart disease than standard tests for single genetic defects, according to new research in the American Heart Association’s journal Circulation: Genomic and Precision Medicine.

2018, American Heart Association, “Multi-gene Test Predicts Early Heart Disease Risk”, in Drug Discovery & Development:

(genetics) controlled by the interaction of more than one gene


pre-op

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-pre-op.wav

(medicine) A preoperative patient or procedure.


recombine

en-verb

recombine (third-person singular simple present recombines, present participle recombining, simple past and past participle recombined)

recombines (present singular third-person)
recombining (participle present)
recombined (participle past)
recombined (past)

(genetics, transitive, intransitive) To combine again, especially to reassemble the parts of something previously taken apart in a different manner.

(genetics, intransitive) To undergo recombination.


salmeterol

Probably from sal(butamol) + [Term?] + -terol (“phenethylamine derivative”).

af

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

(pharmacology) A bronchodilator administered by oral inhalation in the form of a salt C₂₅H₃₇NO₄·C₁₁H₈O₃ to treat bronchospasm associated especially with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. It acts as an agonist, binding to beta-receptors that mediate the relaxation of bronchial muscles.


LABA

(pharmacology) Initialism of long-acting beta-adrenoceptor agonist, a drug class used in the treatment of respiratory diseases.


retropulsion

en-noun

retropulsion (countable and uncountable, plural retropulsions)

Retropulsion most often occurs when you are trying to reach for something higher than sholder level.

1993, Abraham N. Lieberman, Parkinson's Disease: The Complete Guide for Patients and Caregivers, →ISBN, page 147:

For patients prone to retropulsion, wearing shoes with high heels may diminish or prevent the backward stepping.

2001, Roger C. Duvoisin, Jacob Sage, Parkinson's Disease: A Guide for Patient and Family, →ISBN, page 38:

Pretreating rats with α-methyl-ρ-tyrosine (30 mg/kg i.p. at -4 h) to interrupt the synthesis of catecholamines antagonized pivoting and retropulsion induced by levallorphan (50 mg/kg i.p.) (WRAY 1973) but, surprisingly, not lateral head movements and pivoting elicited by cyclazocine (3 mg/kg s.c.) (BUCKETT and SHAW 1975).

(medicine) A tendency to step or walk backwards involuntarily, especially as a symptom of parkinsonism.

Retropulsion of the eye slackens the rectus muscle and, if forced ductions improve with retropulsion, then the restriction is secondary to a tight rectus muscle.

2007, Kenneth W. Wright, Color Atlas of Strabismus Surgery: Strategies and Techniques, →ISBN, page 213:

Spinal CT or MRI reveals violation of the posterior cortex of the vertebral bodies (burst fracture) with retropulsion of bone into the spinal canal.

2008, Michael Jeffrey Aminoff, Neurology and General Medicine, →ISBN, page 484:

The goal of retropulsion is to expand the diameter of the urethra with fluid to suspend the obstructing substance in a fluid column that will carry it back into the bladder.

2012, Jamie M. Burkitt Creedon, Harold Davis, Advanced Monitoring and Procedures for Small Animal Emergency and Critical Care, →ISBN:

The motility of the gastroduodenal junction regulates gastric emptying and minimises retropulsion of the duodenal contents into the antrum.

2014, Jeannette Naish, Denise Syndercombe Court, Medical Sciences, →ISBN, page 728:

(medicine) The pushing or forcing of something to move backwards or inwards.

From this account, it will also be evident, that there can be no danger from the retropulsion, or rather the retiring of prickly heat, except what may arise from the cause that checked perspiration. Many absurd notions have been entertained on this subject, which have really proved prejudicial to health. It hs been very generally supposed, that the matter of prickly heat was highly injurious, and therefore, that the retiring of it into the body was extremely dangerous.

1797, Hector McLean, An enquiry into the nature and causes of the great mortality among the troops at St. Domingo:

The arthritic blepharoblenorrhœa and ophthalmoblenorrhœa appear only as a real metastasis of gout, having always followed its retropulsion in the great toe, from the application of cold moisture.

1818, The Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal, page 220:

And hence dry asthma, like the preceding, as thus diversified by its occasional causes, may be contemplated under the following varieties: ... From retropulsion of some acrid humour from the surface of the body.

1823, John Mason Good, The Study of Medicine - Volume 1, page 375:

(medicine, obsolete) Transfer of a disease from an external source to an internal organ.


singultus

singultus (plural singultuses or singultus)

From early 15th century. Learned borrowing from Latin singultus, of unknown origin.

(uncountable, medicine, otherwise obsolete) The hiccups; diaphragmatic myoclonus.


CDR

CDR (countable and uncountable, plural CDRs)

(ophthalmology) Initialism of cup-to-disc ratio.


cornuate

en-adj

cornuate (comparative more cornuate, superlative most cornuate)

more cornuate (comparative)
most cornuate (superlative)

From Latin cornuātus (“horn-shaped”), from cornū (“horn”) + -ātus.

[…] that in the higher apes, Troglodytes, Pithecus, the posterior cavity of the tricornate ventricle becomes of larger dimensions than in Cercopithecus, although far inferior in size and diverse in shape, from the much deeper, and more incurved cornuate bay which forms the digital cavity of man.

1863, Thomas Henry Huxley, “Evidence as to Man's Place in Nature”, in The Edinburgh Review: Or Critical Journal, volume 117, page 557:

Five species of cornuate osteostracans have been discovered at Devils Hole, and a further three or four species are probably represented by indeterminate fragmentary material.

1999, David L. Dineley, Fossil fishes of Great Britain, page 121:

Surgical treatment consisted of excision of the accessory tarsal navicular or medial protuberance of a prominent cornuate-shaped navicular combined with simple replication of the tibialis posterior tendon without altering its course.

1990 July 7, Bennett GL, Weiner DS, Leighley B., “Surgical treatment of symptomatic accessory tarsal navicular”, in Journal of Pediatric Orthopedics, volume 10, number 4, pages 445–9:

(medicine, zoology) Horn-shaped, as with a bicornuate uterus.


rehabilitate

en-verb

rehabilitate (third-person singular simple present rehabilitates, present participle rehabilitating, simple past and past participle rehabilitated)

rehabilitates (present singular third-person)
rehabilitating (participle present)
rehabilitated (participle past)
rehabilitated (past)

Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin rehabilitātus, perfect passive participle of Latin rehabilitō.

lbor

Patty Wahlers, 40, is the founder and director of Horse of Connecticut, an organization situated on a 46-acre farm in Washington that rescues and rehabilitates neglected horses and puts them up for adoption.

2002 March 24, Sherri Daley, “Finding Homes for Horses That Were Left for Dead”, in The New York Times:

(transitive, medicine) To return (someone) to good health after illness, addiction, etc.


craniofacial

(medicine) Pertaining to the cranium and face, as with craniofacial surgery.


root rot

en-noun

root rot (countable and uncountable, plural root rots)

(phytopathology) Any of several plant fungal diseases caused by having overwet roots.


rock up

en-verb

rock up (third-person singular simple present rocks up, present participle rocking up, simple past and past participle rocked up)

rocks up (present singular third-person)
rocking up (participle present)
rocked up (participle past)
rocked up (past)

(slang, drugs) To turn powder cocaine into crack cocaine by cooking.


tetrodotoxin

en-noun

tetrodotoxin (countable and uncountable, plural tetrodotoxins)

From German Tetrodotoxin, corresponding to Tetrodon (tetr- + -odon) + toxin.

Both creatures belong to a large pan-tropical order of fish, many of which have tetrodotoxin in their skin, liver, ovaries, and intestines.

1985, Wade Davis, The Serpent and the Rainbow, Simon & Schuster, page 118:

The blue-ringed octopus Hapalochlaena lunulata has tetrodotoxin, the deadly toxin it also releases in a bite, in their ink but the concentrations and effect in inking are not known.

2017 August 9, Mark Carnall, The Guardian:

(neurotoxicology) A neurotoxin, originally discovered in Tetraodontiformes, and found in pufferfish, blue-ringed octopus, etc.


scalene muscle

Meronyms: anterior scalene muscle, middle scalene muscle, posterior scalene muscle

(anatomy) Any of usually three deeply situated muscles on each side of the neck of which each extends from the transverse processes of two or more cervical vertebrae to the first or second rib.


screen test

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-screen test.wav

(chemistry, pathology) A test for the presence of a particular substance; such a test that by extension tests for a particular organism or medical condition.


screen test

en-verb

screen test (third-person singular simple present screen tests, present participle screen testing, simple past and past participle screen tested)

screen tests (present singular third-person)
screen testing (participle present)
screen tested (participle past)
screen tested (past)

He testified Moses' that^([sic – meaning that Moses']) blood screen tested positive for cocaine metabolites and Moses' urine screen tested positive for cocaine.

2004, West's Hawai'i Reports: Cases Decided in the Supreme Court, Intermediate Court of Appeals, Volume 103, West Publishing Company, page 118:

(chemistry, pathology) To test for a particular substance, organism or medical condition by means of a screen test.


whitehead

Coordinate term: blackhead

Ruth knew that the whiteheads of her teenage acne were a temporary state of affairs, but that did nothing to quell her distress when an eruption hit just before prom.

Ma was taking a sterilized needle to a whitehead on my chin.

2020, Avni Doshi, Burnt Sugar, Hamish Hamilton, page 151:

(dermatology) A pimple formed by a clogged sebaceous gland, usually with a milky-white cap.


diplopia

en-noun

diplopia (countable and uncountable, plural diplopias)

As for Bodhidharma the only painting extant is too late to have been done from life. The sage’s eyes are crossed from his exertions. Diplopia giving the impression of the pineal eye, the Third Eye in full flower.

1985, Lawrence Durrell, chapter 3, in Quinx, New York: Viking, page 61:

That doctor also noted the diplopia and sent her for a CT scan.

2018 December 13, Lisa Sanders, M.D., “Why Was the Woman Having Trouble Seeing, if Her Eyes Were Fine?”, in The New York Times Magazine:

(pathology) An ophthalmologic condition where one perceives two images for a single object; double vision.


sopor

Learned borrowing from Latin sopor (“sleep”).


speech disorder

en-noun

speech disorder (plural speech disorders)

(pathology) Any mental or bodily malfunction that makes expressing oneself by speech difficult.


preload

preload (countable and uncountable, plural preloads)

(anatomy) The end diastolic pressure that stretches the right or left ventricle of the heart to its greatest geometric dimensions under variable physiologic demand.


fulgurate

en-verb

fulgurate (third-person singular simple present fulgurates, present participle fulgurating, simple past and past participle fulgurated)

fulgurates (present singular third-person)
fulgurating (participle present)
fulgurated (participle past)
fulgurated (past)

Borrowed from Latin fulguro, fulguratus.

(medicine) To cauterize with electricity; to carry out electrofulguration or to electrocauterize.


fulguration

en-noun

fulguration (countable and uncountable, plural fulgurations)

/ˌfʌl.ɡjʊˈɹeɪ.ʃən/

/ˌfʊl.ɡjəˈɹeɪ.ʃən/

/ˌfʊl.ɡəˈɹeɪ.ʃən/

Borrowed from Latin fulguratio (“sheet lightning”), fulgurationis, from fulgurō, from fulgur (“lightning”).

(medicine) cauterization with electricity; electrocautery


furosemide

furosemide (countable and uncountable, plural furosemides)

Probably from fur(yl) + -o- + -semide (“alteration of s(ulfon)amide”).

af

congestive heart failure
congestive heart failure

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) A diuretic (trademark Lasix) used in the treatment of congestive heart failure and edema.


stomatologist

(medicine) A practitioner of stomatology.


stomatology

(medicine) The study of the mouth and its disorders and diseases; increasingly called oral medicine in current usage.


striate

en-adj

striate (comparative more striate, superlative most striate)

more striate (comparative)
most striate (superlative)

From Latin striatum, past participle of strio (“to groove”).

(anatomy) Relating to the striate cortex of the brain


St. Vitus' dance

Because people traditionally prayed to Saint Vitus for heavenly intercession to relieve the burden of the disease.

(medicine, archaic) Any chorea; usually, more specifically:

Any chorea; usually, more specifically:
Sydenham's chorea.

Any chorea; usually, more specifically:
Huntington's chorea.

For quotations using this term, see Citations:St. Vitus' dance.


Sydenham's chorea

Named after English physician Thomas Sydenham.

named-after

(neurology) A disease characterized by rapid, uncoordinated jerking movements affecting primarily the face, feet and hands.


restriction enzyme

en-noun

restriction enzyme (plural restriction enzymes)

We now know of 400 different kinds of restriction enzymes, each of which recognises a different sequence of DNA letters and cuts there, like a pair of scissors that cuts the paper only where it finds the word ‘restriction’.

1999, Matt Ridley, Genome, Harper Perennial, published 2004, page 244:

(genetics) An endonuclease that catalyzes double-strand cleavage of DNA containing a specific sequence.


tropical disease

tropical disease (plural tropical diseases)

(medicine) any infectious disease which occurs only, or more often, in tropical or subtropical regions


symphysis pubis

symphysis pubis (plural symphyses pubis)

The head was above the symphysis pubis, but she could not feel anything else definitive.

2009, Jennifer Worth, Farewell to the East End, Weidenfeld & Nicholson, page 88:

(anatomy) The midline cartilaginous joint uniting the superior rami of the left and right pubic bones (pubis), also known as the pubic symphysis. In men, it supports the suspensory ligament; in women, it loosens and flexes to aid childbirth.


splint

From Middle English splint, splent, splente, from Middle Low German splinte, splente or Middle Dutch splint, splinte. Cognate with Old High German splinza (“bar, bolt, latch”). All ultimately from Proto-Germanic *splintǭ, *splintō (“piece of wood, splinter”), from Proto-Germanic *splint-, *splind- (“to split”), from a nasalized form of *splītaną (“to split”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)pley- (“to split, splice”).

der

(dentistry) A dental device applied consequent to undergoing orthodontia.

[...] I saw in the white men's ward that little chap tossing on his back, with his arm in splints, and quite light-headed.

1899 September – 1900 July, Joseph Conrad, chapter V, in Lord Jim: A Tale, Edinburgh, London: William Blackwood and Sons, published 1900, →OCLC, pages 50–51:

(medicine) A device to immobilize a body part.

(zootomy, veterinary medicine) A disease affecting the splint bones, as a callosity or hard excrescence.


clavicular

(anatomy) Of or relating to the clavicle.


crowning

From Middle English crouninge, crounynge, coroning, coronyng, equivalent to crown + -ing.

When your baby’s head remains visible without slipping back in, it is known as crowning.

2012 April, Baby Crowning, American Pregnancy Association:

(obstetrics) The stage of vaginal childbirth when the infant's head remains consistently visible at the vulva.


spitting

Four brothers of the name of Smith, died with black spitting; all of them were stone-workers.

1837, James Johnson, The Medico-chirurgical review: Volume 31, page 44:

(chiefly archaic, medicine) expectoration


hitchhiking

en-noun

hitchhiking (usually uncountable, plural hitchhikings)

(genetics) A form of evolution caused by genetic drift.


dry mouth

(medicine) Abnormal dryness of the mouth


xerostomia

xerostomia (countable and uncountable, plural xerostomias)

Craig Welzbacher (actor) (2013), 6:02 from the start, in "First Days" (Modern Family), season 5, episode 2: “Claire (Julie Bowen): Amazing! You guys are actually hanging out by the water cooler. / Office worker (Craig Welzbacher): I have xerostomia. It's chronic dry mouth.”

(medicine) Abnormal dryness of the mouth.


guarding

guarding (countable and uncountable, plural guardings)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-guarding.wav

(medicine) Tensing of the muscles, especially of the abdomen, in order to minimise the movement and agitation to the internal inflamed organs.


aphtha

aphtha (countable and uncountable, plural aphthae)

From Ancient Greek ἄφθα (áphtha, “mouth ulcer”).

der

(pathology) Candidiasis, oral thrush, thrush (fungal infection of the mucous membranes of the mouth caused by any species of yeast from the genus Candida).

Foot-and-mouth disease
foot-and-mouth disease

(veterinary medicine) Foot-and-mouth disease.


inoperable

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-inoperable.wav

(surgery) Incapable of being successfully operated on.

inoperabel

surgery: incapable of being successfully operated


orad

en-adj

orad (comparative more orad, superlative most orad)

more orad (comparative)
most orad (superlative)

aboral

antonym(s) of “located toward the mouth”

The sutures of four septa are exposed; the most orad of these can be traced with a fair degree of accuracy throughout almost its entire course.

1931, William Arthur Parks, Collected Papers, volume 3, page 86:

The frequency of segmenting contractions is higher in the descending and sigmoid colon than in more orad areas.

2001, Leonard R. Johnson, Gastrointestinal Physiology, page 63:

The endoscope is advanced to its most orad (toward the mouth) limit and then slowly withdrawn so that the mucosa can be thoroughly examined.

2006, Sara J. Busch, Small Animal Surgical Nursing: Skills and Concepts, page 270:

(anatomy) Located towards the oral opening (the mouth).


orad

The most common symptom of GERD is heartburn, which is described as substernal burning that moves orad from the xiphoid.

1998, Tadataka Yamada et al., Handbook of Gastroenterology, page 228:

Beginning 8 to 10 sec prior to egestion, the pellet is moved orad by esophageal antiperistalsis.

1999, D. Michael Denbow, “12: Gastrointestinal Anatomy and Physiology”, in G. Causey Whittow, editor, Sturkie's Avian Physiology, page 307:

This is due to the UES moving completely off the sensor as it moves orad with the swallow.

2012, Neeraj Sharma, Janice Freeman, “8: Esophageal Manometry”, in Joel E. Richter, Donald O. Castell, editors, The Esophagus, page 179:

(anatomy) Towards the oral opening (the mouth).


aborad

en-adv

aborad (comparative more aborad, superlative most aborad)

more aborad (comparative)
most aborad (superlative)

From ab- (“away from”) + orad (“toward the mouth”), from Latin ōris (“mouth”).

prefix

(anatomy) Away from the oral opening or mouth (compare with ventral)


tethered

(veterinary medicine) Tied, strapped, especially with tethers or hobbles.


rheumatic fever

(pathology) An inflammation of the joints and the heart following a respiratory infection with streptococcus.


granuloma

en-noun

granuloma (plural granulomas or granulomata)

granulomas (plural)
granulomata (plural)

From granule + -oma. Among the many words derived from -oma that are in current common use, this word is one of only a few that do not denote a neoplasm; another is hematoma.

(pathology) an inflammatory nodule consisting of histiocytes (macrophages) attempting to wall off substances they perceive as foreign but are unable to eliminate, such as certain infectious organisms as well as other materials such as foreign objects, keratin and suture fragments.

(medicine, less specific) any small nodule


Initialism of Health Level 7, ultimately, a blend of health and the ISO networking model level 7.

(medicine, software) A set of international standards for transfer of clinical and administrative data between software applications used by various healthcare providers.


rickettsiosis

(medicine) Any severe infectious disease caused by several different bacteria of the order Rickettsiales and transmitted by parasitic arthropods.


Rift Valley fever

(pathology) A mosquito-borne, acute, febrile, viral disease of humans and animals, caused by an RNA virus of the genus Phlebovirus, which occurs in northern and eastern Africa.


RVF

Rift Valley fever
Rift Valley fever#English

(pathology) Initialism of Rift Valley fever.


black spot

black spot (countable and uncountable, plural black spots)

In areas where black spot is only a problem after heavy rain or later in the season, restrict spraying to these times, or if yellowing or spotted foliage is detected.

2006, Mary Moody, Mary Moody's Roses, Allen & Unwin, →ISBN, page 20:

(phytopathology, uncountable) A fungal disease among plants, particularly roses, that results in black spots on the leaves.


natural history

natural history (countable and uncountable, plural natural histories)

(medicine) The progression of a medical condition in an individual.


life history

life history (countable and uncountable, plural life histories)

(medicine) Information concerning a person’s diseases and medical disorders suffered during his or her lifetime; especially useful if the disorders are genetic.


plethoric

en-adj

plethoric (comparative more plethoric, superlative most plethoric)

more plethoric (comparative)
most plethoric (superlative)

From Late Latin plethoricus, from Hellenistic Ancient Greek πληθωρικός (plēthōrikós), from πληθώρα (plēthṓra, “plethora”). By surface analysis, plethora + -ic.

Coordinate term: flushed

a horse-leech, whose deep maw
The plethoric King Swellfoot could not fill,
And who, till full, will cling for ever.

1820, Percy Bysshe Shelley, Oedipus Tyrannus; Or, Swellfoot The Tyrant: A Tragedy in Two Acts:

If the predisposition to the disease has arisen from a plethoric state of the system, or from a turgescence in the vessels of the head, this is to be obviated by bleeding, both generally and topically, but more particularly the latter; an abstemious diet and proper exercise; and by a seton in the neck.

1842, Gibbons Merle, John Reitch, The Domestic Dictionary and Housekeeper’s Manual: Comprising Everything Related to Cookery, Diet, Economy and Medicine. By Gibbons Merle. The Medical Portion of the Work by John Reitch, M.D., London: William Strange, 21, Paternoster Row, →OCLC, page 360, column 2:

Harold Atkinson, her host, was a fine handsome grey-haired man, plethoric and somewhat corpulent, with an eye for a pretty woman […].

1941, W Somerset Maugham, Up at the Villa, Vintage, published 2004, page 81:

(medicine) Suffering from plethora; ruddy in complexion, congested or swollen with blood.


adrenal artery

en-noun

adrenal artery (plural adrenal arteries)

(physiology) An artery in the human abdomen that supplies blood to the adrenal glands.


allelomorph

→ German: Allel

→ English: allele

From allelo- (“other”) + -morph (“shape”), from Ancient Greek ἄλλος (állos, “other”). Coined by English biologists William Bateson and Edith Rebecca Saunders in 1902, in a paper titled "The facts of heredity in the light of Mendel’s discovery".

coin

In such cases each member acts as the allelomorph of any other member, and only two can occur in any one female, and only one in any male.

1916, Thomas Hunt Morgan, Sex-linked inheritance in Drosophila, page 11:


submucosal

(anatomy) Situated below or underneath the mucosal tissue.


xenozoonosis

(pathology) An infectious disease transmitted from animal to human by transplantation of an animal tissue or organ into human body.


Ondine's curse

According to French and German mythology, the nymph Ondine/Undine discovered that her husband had committed adultery. Because he had promised his every waking breath to her, she cursed him that so long as he was awake he could breathe, but if he ever fell asleep he would stop breathing and die.

Ondine’s curse—more appropriately known as congenital central hypoventilation syndrome, or CCHS—is a rare, severe form of sleep apnea in which an individual completely stops breathing when falling asleep.

2020 June 9, Brandon Peters, MD, “What Is Ondine's Curse?”, in Ondine's Curse Symptoms and Treatment:

(pathology) A medical condition marked by malfunction of the nerves that control involuntary body functions, causing breathing to require conscious effort and therefore meaning patients will die if they fall asleep.

syndrome d’Ondine

medical condition, sufferers of which stop breathing if they fall asleep


MMF

en-noun

MMF (countable and uncountable, plural MMFs)

mycophenolate mofetil
mycophenolate mofetil#English

(medicine) Initialism of mycophenolate mofetil; an immunosuppressant.


recurrent

From Latin recurrens, present participle of recurrere. Morphologically recur + -ent.

a recurrent nerve or artery

(anatomy) Running back toward its origin.


RICE

The care manager greeted Beth and Jim as they prepared to leave, […] and offered to give them brochures about RICE and physical therapy […] After the RICE therapy, Dr. Meredith recommended rehab for strengthening the ankle so that Beth could return to her physical fitness […]

2017, Ida Critelli Schick, edited by Laurinda Beebe Harman and Frances H. Cornelius, Ethical Health Informatics: Challenges and Opportunities, 3rd edition, Burlington: Jones & Bartlett Learning, →ISBN, page 277:

(medicine) Acronym of rest, ice, compression, elevation: a treatment method for soft-tissue injuries.

rest

(medicine) Acronym of rest, immobilization, cold, elevation: a treatment method for soft-tissue injuries.


sulpha

(pharmacology) Of or containing sulphanilamide.


sulfa-

(pharmacology) Used to form names of sulfonamides used as antiinfectives.


sulpiride

From sul(famoyl) + pyr(rolidinyl) + (benzam)ide.

af

(pharmacology) A drug used mainly in the treatment of psychosis.


broma

From Ancient Greek βρῶμα (brôma, “food”).


mimetic

From Ancient Greek μῑμητικός (mīmētikós, “imitative”).

der

caloric restriction mimetic

exercise mimetic

serotonin mimetic

(pharmacology) A substance with similar pharmacological effects as another substance or as a lifestyle intervention such as diet or exercise.


schistosomiasis

en-noun

schistosomiasis (countable and uncountable, plural schistosomiases)

From schistosome + -iasis.
From scientific name Schistosoma + Ancient Greek -σις (-sis, nouns of action).

der

Investigation of Egyptian mummies has revealed calcified eggs in liver and kidney tissues, proving the presence of schistosomiasis in ancient Egypt.

1997, Roy Porter, The Greatest Benefit to Mankind, Folio Society, published 2016, page 18:

(pathology) Any of various diseases of humans caused by parasitic blood flukes of the genus Schistosoma.


first aid

He slipped and fell under the wagon's wheels, losing his left leg. His presence of mind was quite amazing. The report notes that Webb's knowledge of first aid probably saved his life, and he was able to instruct others who came to help him.

2022 August 10, Dr Mike Esbester, “New understandings from old incidents”, in RAIL, number 963, pages 58–59:

(medicine) Basic medical care given to an injury victim, usually where the injury is slight or where better care is not available.


neurasthenic

/ˌnʊɹəsˈθɛnɪk/

/ˌnjʊəɹəsˈθɛnɪk/

From neurasthenia + -ic or neur- + asthenia + -ic.

(medicine, psychiatry, dated) A person who has neurasthenia.


genu valgum

Borrowed from Latin genū valgum (“knockkneed”).

bor+

(medicine) The condition in which the knees are abnormally close together and the ankles far apart.


suprasternal notch

en-noun

suprasternal notch (plural suprasternal notches)

(anatomy) The conspicuous dip visible at the top of the human chest where the neck joins the sternum.


suprasternal

en-adj

suprasternal (comparative more suprasternal, superlative most suprasternal)

more suprasternal (comparative)
most suprasternal (superlative)

(anatomy) Situated or occurring higher than, or above, the sternum.


raphe

Borrowed from New Latin raphē, from Ancient Greek ῥᾰφή (rhăphḗ, “seam; suture”).

bor

They are inserted into the midline raphae or the anococcygeal raphae and the coccyx.

2004, Sabaratnam Arulkumaran, V. Sivanesaratnam, Pratap Kumar, Alokendu Chatterjee, Essential of Obstetrics, page 28:

It shows three symmetrical raphes (asterisk) radiating from the centre of the aortic root, but in fetuses there is often asymmetry between the raphes with the one between the left and noncoronary sinuses being larger than the others (red asterisk in Figure 2.14b).

2005, Robert H. Anderson, Marco Pozzi, Suzie Hutchinson, Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome, page 29:

(anatomy) A seamlike ridge or furrow on an organ, bodily tissue, or other structure, typically marking the line where two halves or sections fused in the embryo.

The connecting ridge between the two halves of the medulla oblongata or the tegmentum of the midbrain.


midsection

That's the premise of the overload principle, and it must be applied, even to ab training, if you're going to develop a cut, ripped midsection.

2010, Bill Geiger, “6-pack Abs in 9 Weeks”, in Reps!, 17:106:

(anatomy) The midriff; the section of the human torso, from below the chest to above the waist.


osteology

en-noun

osteology (usually uncountable, plural osteologies)

(anatomy) The scientific study of the morphology and pathology of bones.

Lehre vom Bau und den Krankheiten der Knochen

(anatomy) The bone structure of a particular individual, or species.

luusto

bone structure of a particular individual or species


osteon

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ὀστέον (ostéon, “bone”). Doublet of os.

(anatomy) Any of the central canals, and surrounding bony layers, found in compact bone.


Haversian system

Haversian system (plural Haversian systems)

(anatomy) The system of osteons in compact bone


bigorexia

→ Polish: bigoreksja

The quest for perfect pecs is so strong that psychiatrists now sometimes refer to it as “bigorexia,” a form of muscle dysmorphia exhibited mostly by men and characterized by excessive weight lifting, a preoccupation with not feeling muscular enough and a strict adherence to eating foods that lower weight and build muscle.

2022 March 5, Alex Hawgood, “What Is ‘Bigorexia’?”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

(medicine) A mental disorder in which the sufferer perceives himself to have inadequate musculature; most common among bodybuilders


anisogamy

(cytology) Sexual reproduction involving the union or fusion of two dissimilar gametes.

heterogàmia

sexual reproduction involving the union or fusion of two dissimilar gametes


downstage

en-verb

downstage (third-person singular simple present downstages, present participle downstaging, simple past and past participle downstaged)

downstages (present singular third-person)
downstaging (participle present)
downstaged (participle past)
downstaged (past)

(medicine, transitive) To restage downward; to restage (a case of a disease, usually a cancer) to a lower stage than that found at last assessment (compare upstage).


understage

understage (third-person singular simple present understages, present participle understaging, simple past and past participle understaged)

understages (present singular third-person)
understaging (participle present)
understaged (participle past)
understaged (past)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-understage.wav

(medicine) To underestimate the severity of a patient's illness


overstage

overstage (third-person singular simple present overstages, present participle overstaging, simple past and past participle overstaged)

overstages (present singular third-person)
overstaging (participle present)
overstaged (participle past)
overstaged (past)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-overstage.wav

(medicine) To overestimate the severity of a patient's illness.


diabulimia

(medicine) The manipulation of insulin dosage by a diabetic person in order to effect loss of weight.


impaction

en-noun

impaction (countable and uncountable, plural impactions)

From Latin impingere (“to dash against, impinge”).

der

As plastics cannot be easily egested, these can accumulate within the stomach, causing impaction and leading ultimately to death.

2021, Alice A. Horton, Isobelle Blissett, Impacts of Plastic Pollution on Freshwater Aquatic, Terrestrial and Avian Migratory Species in the Asia and Pacific Region, Convention on Migratory Species, page 22:

(medicine) A solid, immobile bulk of stool.

(dentistry) Failure of a tooth to erupt into the dental arch, because of adjacent teeth, dense overlying bone, excessive soft tissue, or other factor.


exon

Combination of the prefix ex of the term expressed (region) and the term intron.

(genetics) A region of a transcribed gene present in the final functional RNA molecule.


exonuclease

(biochemistry, genetics) Any of a group of enzymes which cleave single nucleotides from the end of a polynucleotide (DNA or RNA) chain.


passivity

en-noun

passivity (countable and uncountable, plural passivities)

From passive + -ity, from Latin passivitas.

(psychiatry) The belief that one's thoughts or actions are influenced or controlled by an external agent.


exophthalmos

exophthalmos (usually uncountable, plural exophthalmoses)

(pathology) An abnormal protrusion of the eyeball from its socket.


exophthalmic goiter

(medicine) hyperthyroidism accompanied by protrusion of the eyeballs


Graves' disease

Named after Irish physician Robert James Graves (1796–1853).

named-after

We would therefore reserve for it the title of Exophthalmic Goitre, or, what is better, Graves's Disease.

1862 September 6, British Medical Journal:

The latter operation, though still occasionally practised by exceptionally bold surgeons, entails a very high mortality rate,and as soon as its futility as a rational cure of Graves's disease was demonstrated, has practically been discarded.

1921 February 12, New York Medical Journal, volume 113, page 269:

Graves' disease, which is a hyperthyroid condition, runs in my family, and the treatment for it makes you fat, gives you these bulging, ghoulish eyes and creates all kinds of symptoms that I think would make me more depressed than I am without lithium.

1994, Elizabeth Wurtzel, Prozac Nation: Young and Depressed in America, Houghton Mifflin, →ISBN, page 4:

In iodine sufficient countries, Graves' disease is the predominant cause of hyperthyroidism in young and middle-aged patients.

2010, Ernst Nyström, Thyroid Disease in Adults, page 155:

(pathology) Hyperthyroidism accompanied by protrusion of the eyeballs.

瀰漫性毒性甲狀腺腫 /弥漫性毒性甲状腺肿

hyperthyroidism accompanied by protrusion of the eyeballs


exotropia

en-noun

exotropia (countable and uncountable, plural exotropias)

From exo- + -tropia, from Ancient Greek -τροπία (-tropía), from τρόπος (trópos, “a turn”).

(medicine) A form of strabismus in which the eyes deviate outwards.


antagonized

en-adj

antagonized (comparative more antagonized, superlative most antagonized)

more antagonized (comparative)
most antagonized (superlative)

(medicine, especially describing a muscle) Having been acted on by antagonistic forces.


periodontics

periodontal ligament
periodontal ligament

(dentistry) The study of supporting structures of teeth, including the gums, alveolar bone, cementum, and the periodontal ligament, and the diseases and conditions that affect them.


endobiotic

endobiotic (comparative more endobiotic, superlative most endobiotic)

more endobiotic (comparative)
most endobiotic (superlative)

Even though PXR was initially identified as a xenobiotic receptor, emerging evidence has pointed to an equally important role of PXR as an endobiotic receptor that responds to a wide array of endogenous chemicals (endobiotics), such as bile acids and their intermediates, as well as certain steroid hormones.

2009, Regulatory Mechanisms in Transcriptional Signaling, →ISBN, page 98:

(medicine) Originating within an organ or biological system.


endobiotic

ADME and chemical reactivity-related toxicity is low, while biological receptor activity is of higher dimension in chemistry space, and this is partly explainable by evolutionary pressures on ADME to deal with endobiotics and exobiotics.

2006, Sarfaraz K. Niazi, Handbook of Preformulation: Chemical, Biological, and Botanical Drugs:

(medicine) An endogenous substance that influences the functioning of an organ or biological process.


salpingo-

From New Latin salpinx (“the salpinx”) + -o-, from Ancient Greek σᾰ́λπῐγξ (sắlpĭnx, “a war-trumpet”).

bor

(anatomy) salpingeal: salpinx: Of or pertaining to a Fallopian tube or a Eustachian tube.

syringo-

also semantically related to tubes of various kinds


oophorectomy

/ˌəʊəfəˈɹɛktəmi/

From noun use of Ancient Greek ὠοφόρος (ōophóros, “egg-bearing”) + -ectomy, corresponding to oophore + -ectomy.

uder

(medicine) Surgical removal of one or both ovaries.


TAH-BSO

(medicine) Initialism of total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy.


salpingo-oophorectomy

(medicine) Removal of a Fallopian tube and an ovary.


aphemia

en-noun

aphemia (countable and uncountable, plural aphemias)

Borrowed from New Latin aphēmia, from Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-, “not”) + φήμη (phḗmē, “voice”). By surface analysis, a- + -phemia.

A type of aphasia in which the ability to speak is lost or severely impaired.


endocranium

(anatomy) The layer between the dura mater and the skull


endocytosis

endocytosis (countable and uncountable, plural endocytoses)

/ˌɛndəʊsaɪˈtəʊsɪs/

(cytology) The process by which the plasma membrane of a cell folds inwards to ingest material.


endolymph

endolymph (countable and uncountable, plural endolymphs)

(anatomy) The watery fluid inside the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear.


endometriosis

endometriosis (countable and uncountable, plural endometrioses)

The cyclic changes characterizing endometrioses are particularly apparent in endometriosis of the bladder.

1934, Analytic Cyclopedia of Practical Medicine, volume 14, page 372:

This chapter will cover all types of extragenital endometriosis reported in the literature, besides bowel and urinary tract endometriosis, which are dealt with in detail elsewhere in this book.

2006, Agneta Bergqvist, “35: Distant endometriosis”, in Christopher Sutton, G. David Adamson, Kevin D. Jones, editors, Modern Management of Endometriosis, page 406:

One can treat all adnexal diseases including cysts and endometrioses of the rectovaginal septum.

2006, Michel Cosson, Denis Querleu, Daniel Dargent, Vaginal Surgery, page 301:

Endometriosis is classically defined as the presence of endometrial glands and stroma in ectopic locations. Affecting from 6% to 10% of reproductive-aged women, endometriosis may result in dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, chronic pelvic pain and/or subfertility.

2008, Richard O. Burney, Linda C. Giudice, “10: Endometriosis: Section 10.1. The Pathogenesis of Endometriosis”, in Camran Nezhat, Farr Nezhat, Ceana Nezhat, editors, Nezhat's Operative Gynecologic Laparoscopy and Hysteroscopy, page 251:

Endometriosis, which involves tissue similar to uterine tissue growing elsewhere in the body, has myriad symptoms, including GI distress, migraines, discomfort during sex and abdominal pain that can range from debilitating to excruciating.

2023 June 20, Lauren Mechling, “The last health taboo: why are so many women still suffering with endometriosis?”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:

(medicine, pathology) A condition characterised by the presence of endometrial-like tissue elsewhere than in the lining of the uterus; an instance of such presence.


morcellate

en-verb

morcellate (third-person singular simple present morcellates, present participle morcellating, simple past and past participle morcellated)

morcellates (present singular third-person)
morcellating (participle present)
morcellated (participle past)
morcellated (past)

From French morceler (“to break into pieces”).

der

…forceps are then enucleated if its size is small or morcelated by the excision of piece after piece until the remaining small part of the growth can be extracted after enucleaction. A large cavity is left behind which is packed with gauze: in vaginal myomecotomy, a closure of the tumor cavity by suture is usually impracticable.

1919, Barton Cooke Hirst, Atlas of operative gynecology, Lippincott, page 175:

(surgery) To break into small pieces, prior to removal


endoplasm

en-noun

endoplasm (countable and uncountable, plural endoplasms or endoplasma)

(cytology) The inner portion of the cytoplasm of a cell

loobkaphay

the inner portion of the cytoplasm of a cell


endoplasmic reticulum

endoplasmic reticulum (plural endoplasmic reticula)

(cytology) A network of membranes within the cytoplasm of cells, where proteins and lipids are synthesized.


triploid

(genetics) Having three sets of chromosomes.


bruxomania

Derived from Ancient Greek βρυγμός (brugmós, “grinding [teeth]”) + -o- + -mania.

uder

(medicine, dentistry) Compulsive grinding of the teeth.


boanthropy

Many scholars have diagnosed Nebuchadnezzar's illness as a form of insania zoanthropica, such as boanthropy or lycanthropy, where a human being thinks himself or herself an ox or a wolf.

2001, Mark Mangano, Esther & Daniel, page 211:

(psychiatry) The delusion that one is an ox or cow.


pulmonate

From New Latin pulmōnātus (“having lungs”), from pulmō (“lung”) + -ātus.

(anatomy) Having lungs or similar organs.


CRS

en-noun

CRS (countable and uncountable, plural CRSs)

Chinese restaurant syndrome
Chinese restaurant syndrome#English

(pathology) Initialism of Chinese restaurant syndrome.

(pathology) Initialism of chronic rhinosinusitis.

(pathology) Initialism of congenital rubella syndrome.

(toxicology) Abbreviation of crotylsarin.

cytokine release syndrome
cytokine release syndrome#English

(pathology) Initialism of cytokine release syndrome.

constriction ring syndrome
constriction ring syndrome#English

(pathology) Initialism of constriction ring syndrome.


CRS

Cambridge Reference Sequence
w:Cambridge Reference Sequence

(genetics) Initialism of Cambridge Reference Sequence.


BMS

BMS (countable and uncountable, plural BMSes or BMSs)

Coordinate term: DES

(medicine) Initialism of bare-metal stent.


phimosis

phimosis (countable and uncountable, plural phimoses)

From Ancient Greek φίμωσις (phímōsis, “muzzling; contraction of the prepuce”), from φῑμόω (phīmóō, “to muzzle”) + -σις (-sis, nominal suffix).

af

’Twill end in a phimosis, replied Dr. Slop.

1762, Laurence Sterne, The Life & Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman, Penguin, published 2003, page 361:

(medicine) A contraction of the foreskin (either as a stage of development or a pathological condition), which prevents it from being retracted.


tabid

en-adj

tabid (comparative more tabid, superlative most tabid)

more tabid (comparative)
most tabid (superlative)

From Latin tabidus, from tabere ‘waste, melt’.

The term "laryngeal crisis" has been applied to those sudden attacks of dispnœa in tabid patients,[…]

1897, F[rancis] de Havilland Hall, “Lettsomian Lectures: Diseases of the Nose and Throat in Relation to General Medicine”, in Transactions of the Medical Society of London, page 198:


anality

en-noun

anality (countable and uncountable, plural analities)

If the relationship between Protestantism and repressed anality is so close, then anality loosed from repression can be powerful to the point of political […]

1980, Arthur Asa Berger, Film in Society, page 133:

It is important to note that not only anality, but also orality, causes pleasure […]

1994, Arleen B. Dallery, Transitions in Continental Philosophy, page 93:

no one has ever thought to praise him for the anality of his humor.

2003, Frank Krutnik, Richard Bradley, Hollywood Comedians: the Film Reader, page 79:

(psychoanalysis) The state of being anal.


motor neuron disease

(neurology, pathology) Any of several neurodegenerative disorders that selectively affect motor neurons.


inhumation

inhumation (countable and uncountable, plural inhumations)


photocoagulation

photocoagulation (countable and uncountable, plural photocoagulations)

(medicine) A surgical procedure in which a tumour, or diseased retinal tissue, is destroyed by using a laser.


photocoagulator

(medicine) An instrument containing a laser, or a xenon flash lamp, which is used in photocoagulation.


isochore

From iso- + Ancient Greek χώρα (khṓra, “place”).

A model that accounts for the differential recognition of transgenes integrated at different chromosomal locations, is the isochore hypothesis.

1998, Lindsey R Lindsey, Alan R Lindsey, Transgenic Plant Research, page 268:

1999, Solomon Pavlovich Vasser, Eviatar Nevo, “Scheme of the isochore organization of the human genome”, in Evolutionary Theory and Processes: Papers in Honour of Eviatar Nevo, page 117:

(genetics) A sequence of DNA that has a reasonably constant proportion of pairs of guanine and cytosine bases, and is rich in genes.


HEV

high endothelial venule
high endothelial venule#English

(medicine) Initialism of high endothelial venule.


neonatology

neonatology (usually uncountable, plural neonatologies)

/ˌniːəʊnəˈtɒləd͡ʒi/

(medicine) The branch of medicine that deals with newborn infants, especially the ill or premature newborn infant.


oliva

Borrowed from Latin oliva (“olive”). Doublet of olive.

The medial part of the ventral lamina forms the most rostral pole of the oliva, the dorsal lamina the most caudal one.

1998, R. Nieuwenhuys, Hendrik Jan Donkelaar, Charles Nicholson, The Central Nervous System of Vertebrates: With Posters, page 1562:


aftercare

事後照顧 /事后照顾

affection given to a partner after a BDSM activity

A nurse came in behind him with some aftercare instructions, and the three of us made our way to the car.

2020, Yaa Gyasi, chapter 27, in Transcendent Kingdom, New York: Knopf:

(medicine) The care given to a patient during recovery from an operation or after hospitalization.


photofluorography

(medicine, photography) The photographic recording of fluoroscope images


photogene

/ˈfəʊtəʊd͡ʒiːn/

(genetics) A gene involved in photosynthesis.


psychopharmacology

(pharmacology) The branch of pharmacology which pertains to the psychoactive aspects of drugs.


photoallergy

(medicine) An allergy that is activated by light.


bag valve mask

(medicine) A bag used to resuscitate a patient by supplying air or oxygen directly to the trachea and into the lungs.

ballon autoremplisseur à valve unidirectionnelle

Ambu bag

Ambu; trademark genericization of the initial manufacturer

artificial manual breathing unit

genericization of the trademark Artificial Manual Breathing Unit

IPPB

intermittent positive pressure breathing

IPPV

intermittent positive pressure ventilation

NPPV

noninvasive positive pressure ventilation


hydrocodone

hydrocodone (countable and uncountable, plural hydrocodones)

(pharmacology) A habit-forming compound that is derived from codeine and is administered in the form of its bitartrate C₁₈H₂₁NO₃·C₄H₆O₆ usually in combination with other drugs (as acetaminophen) as an analgesic or antitussive.


bronchodilator

(medicine) Any drug used to dilate and relax the bronchial passages and ease the flow of air to the lungs


photophore

From photo- (“light”) + -phore (“bearer”).

(medicine) A form of endoscope using an electric light.


scotopic

(physiology) Relating to or denoting vision in dim light, believed to involve chiefly the rods of the retina.


hyalescent

The cruel crimson scar blanched and became a pale violet, and his vulturous eyes glazed, turned hyalescent […] as if the hell-fire that had raged behind them had burnt itself out […]

1989, Nick Cave, And the Ass Saw the Angel:

(medicine, botany) Which becomes translucent.


CLO

CLO (countable and uncountable, plural CLOs)

(medicine, countable) Initialism of campylobacter-like organism.


NPC

NPC (countable and uncountable, plural NPCs)

(medicine, chiefly attributive) Initialism of no patient care.

Niemann-Pick disease type C
w:Niemann-Pick disease type C

(medicine) Initialism of Niemann-Pick disease type C.

nasopharyngeal carcinoma
nasopharyngeal carcinoma#English

(medicine) Initialism of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.


phototoxic

en-adj

phototoxic (comparative more phototoxic, superlative most phototoxic)

more phototoxic (comparative)
most phototoxic (superlative)

(medicine, of a medicine or cosmetic) Causing damage to the skin when exposed to light.

fototoxický

causing damage to the skin when exposed to light


mussitation

en-noun

mussitation (countable and uncountable, plural mussitations)

Learned borrowing from Latin mussitātiō (“soft noise made by dogs, or (Late Latin) people”) + English -ion (suffix denoting a condition or state). Mussitātiō is derived from mussitātus (“kept quiet; having been kept quiet; murmured, muttered; having been muttered”) (see further at mussitate) + -iō (suffix forming abstract nouns from verbs).

lbor

(medicine) A comatose patient's action of forming words with their lips without producing sound.


pemphigus

en-noun

pemphigus (usually uncountable, plural pemphigi)

From Ancient Greek πέμφιξ (pémphix, “pustule”).

uder

(pathology) A severe autoimmune skin disease characterized by pustules and painful blisters, and which can be fatal.


asthenopia

From astheno- (“loss of strength”) + -opia (“relating to the eyes”).

af

(medicine, ophthalmology) An eye condition that manifests itself through nonspecific symptoms such as fatigue, red eyes, eyestrain, pain in or around the eyes, blurred vision, headache and occasional double vision.


acrocentric

en-adj

acrocentric (comparative more acrocentric, superlative most acrocentric)

more acrocentric (comparative)
most acrocentric (superlative)

(genetics) (of a chromosome) Having the centromere very near to one end, and thus having a long arm, and a very short arm.


sounder

From Middle English soundar, sownere, equivalent to sound + -er.

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-sounder.wav

(medicine, dated, plural only) A stethoscope.


psychopathology

en-noun

psychopathology (countable and uncountable, plural psychopathologies)

/ˌsaɪ̯kɒpəˈθɒlədʒɪ/

(medicine, pathology) The study of the origin, development, diagnosis and treatment of mental and behavioural disorders.


cephalometer

(medicine, surgery) Synonym of cephalostat.


lema

First coined 1789, from Ancient Greek λήμη (lḗmē, “substance that gathers in the corner of the eye; rheum”).

der

(physiology, rare) The secretion of the tarsal glands of the eye.


foley

en-noun

foley (countable and uncountable, plural foleys)

From the surname Foley, itself from Irish Ó Foghlú and Old Irish Ó Foghladha (“plunderer”).
The meanings related to sound effects are named after sound effects pioneer Jack Foley.

named-after

(medicine, colloquial) A Foley catheter.


pathognomonic

/ˌpæθəɡnoʊˈmɑːnɪk/

/ˌpæθoʊnəˈmɑːnɪk/

From Ancient Greek παθογνωμονικός (pathognōmonikós, “skilled in diagnosis”), from πάθος (páthos, “misfortune”) + γνωμονικός (gnōmonikós, “fit to judge of”).

derived

παθογνωμονικός

affix

A tetrad of rash, arthralgia, abdominal pain and kidney disease in a child is pathognomonic for Henoch-Schönlein purpura.

high involvement in internet-related behaviors is likely not pathognomonic for addiction and may stem from comorbid disorders (e.g., mood disorders, anxiety disorders, attention-deficit and hyperactivity disorder).

2024 May 30, Germano Vera Cruz, Elias Aboujaoude, Magdalena Liberacka-Dwojak, Monika Wiłkość-Dębczyńska, Lucien Rochat, Riaz Khan, Yasser Khazaal, “How much online pornography is too much? A comparison of two theoretically distinct assessment scales”, in Archives of Public Health, volume 82, →DOI:

(medicine, of a sign or symptom) specifically characteristic or indicative of a particular disease or condition.

patognòmic

Beyond any doubt diagnostic for a particular disease


derm

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek δέρμα (dérma, “skin”). Doublet of derma.

lbor

w:Webster's Dictionary#Webster's New International Dictionary 1909


panzootic

(biology, medicine, of a disease) Affecting nonhuman animals of many species and throughout a wide area.


peak flow meter

en-noun

peak flow meter (plural peak flow meters)

(medicine) An instrument that monitors the peak expiratory flow rate of air from a person's bronchi; used to manage asthma.


excipient

Borrowed from Latin excipiēns, present participle of excipiō. See except.

(pharmacy, pharmacology) An ingredient that is intentionally added to a drug for purposes other than the therapeutic or diagnostic effect at the intended dosage.

excipient

Drug additive without therapeutic or diagnostic effect


spirometer

From Latin spīro (“to breathe”) + -meter.

In humans, a spirometer can be used to record and measure lung volumes and oxygen consumption (illustration 1).

2000, Michael Roberts, Michael Jonathan Reiss, Grace Monger, Advanced Biology, Nelson, page 170:

2002, H. Nancy Holmes (editorial director), Illustrated Manual of Nursing Practice, Wolters Kluwer Health (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins), 3rd Edition, page 154,
While all spirometers encourage slow, sustained maximal inspiration, they can be divided into two types: flow incentive and volume incentive.

Wet-type spirometers (such as the classical bell spirometer with a water seal) are simple and accurate but are no longer in use as they have a hygiene problem; they are distinguished from dry-type spirometers (e.g., bellows or piston spirometer).

2005, E. Eber, M. S. Zach, “Spirometry: Volume-Time and Flow-Volume Curves”, in Jürg Hammer, Ernst Eber, editors, Paediatric Pulmonary Function Testing, Karger Publishers, page 95:

(medicine) An instrument for measuring the air capacity of the lungs.


ciguatoxin

(toxicology) Any of several closely related toxins, having a complex structure including a row of thirteen connected heterocyclic rings, produced by algae that are eaten by many fish; causes ciguatera poisoning in humans.


pharmacophore

(pharmacology) The molecular framework responsible for a drug's biological activity


incubator

incubateur

chemistry: apparatus used to maintain environmental conditions suitable for a reaction

(medicine) An apparatus used to maintain environmental conditions suitable for a newborn baby.


corpsman

(medicine, military, nonstandard) A military medic.


venogram

(medicine) An X-ray of a vein that has been injected with an opaque material


blood serum

blood serum (countable and uncountable, plural blood serums or blood sera)

blood serums (plural)
blood sera (plural)

(medicine) The clear fluid obtained from whole blood by removing blood cells, platelets and fibrinogen; blood plasma without the fibrinogen.


diaclasis

diaclasis (countable and uncountable, plural diaclases)


osteoclasis

(medicine) The surgical fracture of a bone in order to correct a deformity


lordotic

(pathology) Of, relating to or afflicted with lordosis; having an abnormal backwards curvature of the spine.


lordosis

lordosis (countable and uncountable, plural lordoses)

From Ancient Greek λορδός (lordós, “bent backward”) + -osis.

suffix

(pathology) An excessive backwards curvature of the spine, causing a hollow in the back.


phlebology

(medicine) The study of veins and their diseases etc


anhidrotic

(pharmacology) A substance that prevents sweating


potass

The carbonate and bi-carbonate of potass are both decomposed by lime.

1825, John Ayrton Paris, The Elements of Medical Chemistry, page 431:


epiphysis

(anatomy) The rounded end of any long bone.


generalized

en-adj

generalized (comparative more generalized, superlative most generalized)

more generalized (comparative)
most generalized (superlative)

(medicine) Spread throughout or affecting the entire body or body part.


amoebic

amoebic (comparative more amoebic, superlative most amoebic)

more amoebic (comparative)
most amoebic (superlative)

From international scientific vocabulary, reflecting New Latin combining forms: amoeb- + -ic.

(biology, pathology) Relating to, or caused by an amoeba.


orofecal

(medicine, of a disease) transmitted from feces to the mouth.


rale

Michael Colot, aged fifteen days, of a strong constitution, not having been sick from the time of birth, was, on the 22nd of November, taken with a violent cough, accompanied with a rale which could be heard without recourse to auscultation.

1840, CM Billard, A Treatise on the Diseases of Infants, page 416:

If you were to tell a patient that he had a ‘rhonchus’ in his chest, he would imagine that it was something formidable, while, if you said that he had a ‘râle’ he would not be alarmed.

1861, Austin Flint, American Medical Times, 7 Dec 1961

But after all the educated classes have a right to expect that their medical man will know the difference between a mitral murmur and a bronchitic rale.

1894, Arthur Conan Doyle, Round Red Lamp:

(medicine, now chiefly in the plural) An abnormal clicking, rattling or crackling sound, made by one or both lungs and heard with a stethoscope, caused by the popping open of airways collapsed by fluid or exudate, or sometimes by pulmonary edema.

كراكر

abnormal sound made by lungs and heard with a stethoscope


analgesia

en-noun

analgesia (countable and uncountable, plural analgesias)

/ˌæn.əlˈd͡ʒiː.ʒə/

From New Latin analgēsia, from Ancient Greek ἀναλγησίᾱ (analgēsíā, “want of feeling, insensibility”), from ἀνάλγητος (análgētos), from ἀν- (an-, “not”) + ἀλγέω (algéō, “feel bodily pain, suffer”) + -τος (-tos, adjectival suffix).

der

epidural analgesia

Coordinate term: anaesthesia

This office procedure is quick and straightforward, but it does require some analgesia.

(medicine) A process of temporarily reducing the ability to feel pain; the provision of this service.


danger space

(medicine) A region of the neck bounded by the skull base, alar fascia and prevertebral fascia, from which an infection can spread directly to the thorax.


intervillous space

en-noun

intervillous space (plural intervillous spaces)

(anatomy) Any of the spaces between the placental villi that contain maternal blood


joint space

(anatomy) The space in a joint between two bones.


space medicine

(medicine, astronautics) The branch of medicine that deals with the effects of space travel on human beings


anatomy of function

(medicine) A branch of kinesiology that studies the configuration of limbs during the performance of a task.


mutagenesis

mutagenesis (countable and uncountable, plural mutageneses)

(genetics) The creation or formation of a genetic mutation.


calcular

a calcular deposit


anti-venene

anti-venene (countable and uncountable, plural anti-venenes)

(UK and Australia, medicine) Alternative form of antivenene.


bipolar disorder

bipolar disorder (countable and uncountable, plural bipolar disorders)

An open study comparing response to lamotrigine in patients with rapid-cycling versus non-rapid-cycling bipolar disorder also indicated efficacy, with some evidence that rapid-cycling patients with more severe manic symptoms at the start of treatment respod less well (367).

2002, American Psychiatric Association, American Journal of Psychiatry: Practice Guidelines for the Treatment of Patients with Bipolar Disorder (Revision), page 30:

It^([switching]) is a term frequently used with children with bipolar disorder who may experience switching of mood multiple times throughout the day.

2003, Jane Mountain, Bipolar Disorder: Insights for Recovery, page 102:

Bipolar disorder is diagnosed if your child experiences a manic or mixed episode or recurring episodes of both mania and depression that cannot be accounted for by other causes.

2008, Tracy Anglada, Sheryl Hakala, Childhood Bipolar Disorder Answer Book, page 32:

The rapid mood shifts that people with BPD^([borderline personality disorder]) experience often lead to their being misdiagnosed with bipolar disorder. It is important to make the distinction between the mood shifts that characterize BPD and those of bipolar disorder.

2010, Valerie Porr, Overcoming Borderline Personality Disorder, page 51:

(clinical psychology, psychiatry) A psychiatric diagnostic category, previously called manic depression, characterised by mood swings between great energy (mania) and clinical depression.

双極性障害

そうきょくせいしょうがい


manic depression

(clinical psychology, psychiatry, dated) A psychiatric diagnostic category, now called bipolar disorder, characterised by mood swings between great energy (manic) and clinical depression.


acetylcholine chloride

(pharmacology) A parasympathomimetic drug that is rapidly broken down in the body, used for cataract surgery.


parasympathomimetic

parasympathetic nervous system
parasympathetic nervous system

(pharmacology) Acting by stimulating the parasympathetic nervous system.

parasympathicomimétique

acting by stimulating the parasympathetic nervous system


parasympathomimetic

(pharmacology) A parasympathomimetic drug.


parasympathetic nervous system

parasympathetic nervous system (plural parasympathetic nervous systems)

parasympathetic nervous systems (plural)

autonomic nervous system
autonomic nervous system

(neuroanatomy) One of the divisions of the autonomic nervous system, based between the brain and the spinal cord, that slows the heart and relaxes muscles.

副交感神経系

ふくこうかんしんけいけい


phenolphthalein

phenolphthalein (countable and uncountable, plural phenolphthaleins)

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) A white or yellowish-white crystalline compound C₂₀H₁₄O₄ used in medicine as a laxative and in analysis as an indicator because its solution is brilliant red in alkalies and is decolorized by acids.


ancon

From Latin ancōn, from Ancient Greek ἀγκών (ankṓn, “bend, elbow, cranny”).


coding

en-noun

coding (countable and uncountable, plural codings)

Etymology tree
English code
English -ing
English coding
From code + -ing.

etymon

(emergency medicine) A method of communicating important medical information discreetly and quickly between medical professionals and responders.


pectinate

Borrowed from Latin pectinātus (“combed”), from pectinō (“I comb”), from pecten (“comb”). First attested in the mid-18th century.

bor+

The moth's antennae were pectinate in shape, set with long teeth along one edge only.

(anatomy, zoology, botany) Having narrow ridges or projections aligned close together like the teeth of a comb.


borderline personality disorder

en-noun

borderline personality disorder (plural borderline personality disorders)

borderline personality disorders (plural)

(psychiatry) Behavior that borders both neurosis and psychosis.

(psychiatry, modern interpretation) A disorder characterized by extreme black and white thinking and instability in self-image and emotions.

邊緣性人格障礙 /边缘性人格障碍

bin¹ jyun⁴ sing³ jan⁴ gaak³ zoeng³ ngoi⁶

emotionally unstable personality disorder


enhancer

(genetics) A short region of DNA that can increase transcription of genes


sacrarium

sacrarium (plural sacrariums or sacraria)

(anatomy) The complex sacrum of any bird.


demulcent

From Latin dēmulcēns, present active participle of dēmulceō (“to stroke caressingly; to soften, soothe, allure”), from dē- (“from; of”) + mulceō (“to move or touch gently or lightly, to stroke; to make pleasant or sweet; to soften, soothe, alleviate, relieve”).

Indians of the West Coast used preparations of prickly-pear to treat wounds, burns, contusions, warts, and even to facilitate childbirth. Modern herbalists recognize the plant's slippery-oily juice as a useful emollient and demulcent, which may be used externally to soothe dry, irritated skin or internally as a diuretic or anti-inflammatory agent for the digestive and urinary tracts.

1997, Gregory L. Tilford, “Prickly-pear Cactus”, in Edible and Medicinal Plants of the West, Missoula, Mt.: Mountain Press Publishing Company, published July 2009, →ISBN, page 118:

For constipation, a neem powder of two or three grams with three to four black peppers given three times a day is both a laxative and a demulcent.

2000, Ellen Norten, “Medicinal Uses of Neem”, in Jean Pütz, with Kordula Werner and Deborah Straw, editors, Neem: India’s Miraculous Healing Plant, 1st English edition, Rochester, Vt.: Healing Arts Press, Inner Traditions International, →ISBN, page 46:

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) […] If showing symptoms, give absorptive preparations and/or demulcents.

2014, Trish Scorer, “First Aid Procedures”, in Victoria Aspinall, editor, Clinical Procedures in Veterinary Nursing, 3rd edition, Edinburgh, London: Butterworth-Heinemann, Elsevier, →ISBN, table 9.5, page 185:

(medicine) A soothing medication used to relieve pain in inflamed tissues.


mydriatic

(biology, medicine) Pertaining to or causing mydriasis (the dilation of the pupil of the eye).


mydriatic

(pharmacology) A drug that causes mydriasis.


scratches

From the behaviour induced by the disease, which causes scratching.

pastern dermatitis
pastern dermatitis#English

(pathology) Synonym of pastern dermatitis


knock-kneed

I called for the cheeses, and took them away in a cab. It was a ramshackle affair, dragged along by a knock-kneed, broken-winded somnambulist, which his owner, in a moment of enthusiasm, during conversation, referred to as a horse.

1889, Jerome K. Jerome, Three Men in a Boat […] :

(medicine, pathology) Having the knees abnormally close together, and the ankles spread apart.

(medicine, pathology) Of a person or animal, suffering from genu valgum (or tibia valga).


capitular

From Middle English capituler, from Medieval Latin capitulāris, from Latin capitulum (“a small head, a chapter”).

der

the capitular process of a vertebra

(botany, anatomy) pertaining to a capitulum


vasoconstrictor

“Anyone have any nasal spray?” I asked. “Afrin specifically?” Afrin is basically neosynephrine, a potent vasoconstrictor, and would be ideal to put on a tissue stuffed deeply in the nose.

2019 November 16, Jay Wellons, “The Danger of Traveling Light”, in New York Times:

(pharmacology) Any substance that causes vasoconstriction.


vasoconstriction

en-noun

vasoconstriction (countable and uncountable, plural vasoconstrictions)

(physiology) Constriction or narrowing of a blood vessel.


organ transplant

organ transplant (plural organ transplants)

(medicine) A surgical operation in which an organ is moved from a donor to a recipient.


acopia

(euphemistic, medicine) Inability to cope (function psychologically and socially) in one's home environment.


fen-phen

Blend of fenfluramine + phentermine, from the initial syllables of the two drugs.

It is hard to recall the last time a drug so excited the general public. Fen-phen in the 1990s, maybe? Viagra or Botox in the 2000s? Each had amazing hype cycles but none as explosive as Ozempic.

2023 October 9, Tressie McMillan Cottom, “Ozempic Can’t Fix What Our Culture Has Broken”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

(pharmacology, medicine) A combination of the drugs fenfluramine and phentermine, formerly prescribed for weight loss.


urethral

/jʊˈɹiːθɹəl/

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-urethral.wav

From urethra + -al. By surface analysis, urethr- + -al.


cytopathology

cytopathology (countable and uncountable, plural cytopathologies)

Holonym: cytohistopathology

Immune serum could block the cytopathology; a heatlabile factor was required.

2018, Douglas P. Fine, Complement Infectious Diseases:

fine-needle aspiration
fine-needle aspiration

(cytology, pathology) The branch of pathology that deals with abnormalities of cells, independently of the tissue architecture from which they came, as for example in aspiration biopsy such as fine-needle aspiration.


cytoplasmic

The fourth type of hybrid, the kind being developed in British universities, is called cytoplasmic. It is created by transferring the nuclei of human cells, such as skin cells, into animal eggs from which almost all the genetic information has been removed.

(cytology) Of or pertaining to cytoplasm.


cystic

From Middle French cystique, from Ancient Greek κύστις (kústis).

(anatomy) Of or pertaining to the gall bladder or the urinary bladder.


paroxetine

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor

(pharmacology) An antidepressant that is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor and is also used for the treatment of anxiety disorders.


primordium

In tomato, for example, the first sepal primordium is formed as an outgrowth at the periphery of the apex and the subsequent sepal primordia are initiated in a helical fashion at an angle of approximately 137° from the previous one.

2017, Taylor A. Steeves, Vipen K. Sawhney, Essentials of Developmental Plant Anatomy, Oxford University Press, page 29:

(anatomy) An aggregation of cells that is the first stage in the development of an organ.


hyperemesis

hyperemesis (countable and uncountable, plural hyperemeses)

(pathology) Severe and excessive vomiting.


disomy

(cytology) The normal state of a diploid eukaryotic cell or individual which has two members of a pair of homologous chromosomes in each nucleus. A normal chromosome is represented twice in a single cell.


blooding

From Middle English blodyng, equivalent to blood + -ing.

Seven or eight annual bloodings, and as many purgations — such was the common regimen the theory prescribed to ensure continuance of health[…]


delusional parasitosis

(psychiatry) A delusional disorder in which affected individuals experience uncontrolled hallucination in which they are infested with parasites, insects, or bugs.


teratoid

en-adj

teratoid (comparative more teratoid, superlative most teratoid)

more teratoid (comparative)
most teratoid (superlative)

Lucien, staring goggle-eyed at the only brother he’s ever had, is standing very still, face still unwittingly teratoid, the broom at an angle in his hand, the Colt dangling at his side, […]

1996, David Foster Wallace, Infinite Jest […], Boston, Mass., New York, N.Y.: Little, Brown and Company, →ISBN, page 486:

(genetics, medicine) Monster-like, exhibiting abnormal development.

уродлив

monster-like, exhibiting abnormal development


teratoid

In each of these divisions there are subdivisions, according as the parasite consists of a more or less recognisable fœtus, or only of a mass of fœtal tissue (teratomata, teratoids, dermoids).

1903, Encyclopaedia Medica, volume 13, page 138:

They can be divided into dermoids (only an epithelial layer present) and teratoids (all three germ layers present).

2005, Richard A. Bordow, Andrew L. Ries, Timothy A. Morris, Manual of Clinical Problems in Pulmonary Medicine, 6th edition, page 610:

(medicine) An abnormal tumor similar to a teratoma.


aphonia

en-noun

aphonia (countable and uncountable, plural aphonias)

From Ancient Greek ἀφωνία (aphōnía, “speechlessness”).

der

(medicine) Loss of voice; the inability to speak.


aphrasia

en-noun

aphrasia (countable and uncountable, plural aphrasias)

(pathology) Condition of being unable to speak.


podiatrist

I visited my podiatrist to get a new pair of orthopedic inserts for my sneakers.

(medicine) A health care practitioner who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of foot ailments.


PMT

PMT (countable and uncountable, plural PMTs)

Other circumstances, such as sunburn, travel, or emotional crisis, can also aggravate fluid retention and "PMT".

1978, Barbara Seaman, Gideon Seaman, Women and the crisis in sex hormones:

Fraser knew girls had periods but he'd never heard of PMT.

In the 20th century Frank coined the term premenstrual tension (PMT).

2006, Peter Clark, Ian A Greer, Practical Obstetric Hematology:

"It's PMT - she'll be back." "I expect that's your father - let's eat."

2006, Rachel Loosmore, Saucy Shorts for Chefs:

premenstrual tension
premenstrual tension#English

(uncountable, medicine, now chiefly UK) Initialism of premenstrual tension.


centrad

(medicine, anatomy, archaic) Toward the center.


coronad

en-adv

coronad (comparative more coronad, superlative most coronad)

more coronad (comparative)
most coronad (superlative)

Besides its axis, therefore, the Malleus possesses a pivot, which projects coronad or superiorly to the bony ring of the membrana tympani and antinio-basilad or anteriorily and inferiorily to its own head […]

1808 May, The Medical and Physical Journal, volume 19, number 111, page 396:

This canal is formed basilad or inferiorly by the crura cerebri g, and superiorly or coronad by the posterior commissure p […]

1825, John Lizars, A System of Anatomical Plates:

The facial branch of the left antler differs from the right one in being slender, round, and tapering throughout, and in curving coronad from near its commencement.

1854, Edward Forbes, editor, The zoology of the voyage of H. M. S. Herald:


hydrotherapy

en-noun

hydrotherapy (countable and uncountable, plural hydrotherapies)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-hydrotherapy.wav

alternative medicine
alternative medicine

(alternative medicine) Any of various techniques that use water, either externally or internally, for the treatment of disease and for the soothing of pain.

hidroteràpia

technique that uses water for the treatment of disease


hymeneal

en-adj

hymeneal (comparative more hymeneal, superlative most hymeneal)

more hymeneal (comparative)
most hymeneal (superlative)

From Latin hymenaeus (from Ancient Greek ὑμεναῖος (humenaîos, “matrimonial”)) + -al. Compare hymen.

uder

‘It doesn't seem to qualify as a haemorrhage,’ he said, with his usual cocky certainty. ‘Just heavy hymeneal bleeding, I'd say.’

1978, AS Byatt, The Virgin in the Garden, page 422:

(anatomy) Of or pertaining to the hymen.


hyperthyroidism

en-noun

hyperthyroidism (countable and uncountable, plural hyperthyroidisms)

/ˌhaɪ̯pəˈθaɪ̯ɹɔɪ̯ˌdɪzəm/

(medicine) The excessive production of hormones by the thyroid.

甲狀腺機能亢進 /甲状腺机能亢进

(pathology) The pathological condition resulting from these excess hormones.

hipertiroïdisme

pathological condition resulting from excess thyroid hormones


hysteric

en-adj

hysteric (comparative more hysteric, superlative most hysteric)

more hysteric (comparative)
most hysteric (superlative)

From Latin hystericus, from Ancient Greek ὑστερικός (husterikós, “suffering in the uterus, hysterical”), from ὑστέρα (hustéra, “womb”).

der

Yes, my dravving-room is an abſolute regiſter-office for candidate actors, and poets vvithout character;—then to be continually alarmed vvith Miſſes and Ma'ams piping hiſteric changes on Juliets and Dorindas, Pollys and Ophelias; […]

1781, Richard Brinsley Sheridan, The Critic: Or A Tragedy Rehearsed […], London: […] T[homas] Becket, […], →OCLC, Act I, scene i, pages 4–5:

We also find gamblers of this type among some frigid hysteric women, who seem to treat gambling as they treat men, coldly and spongingly.

1969, Edmund Bergler, Selected Papers of Edmund Bergler, 1933-1961, page 697:

(medicine) Hysterical; relating to hysteria.


eyestrain

en-noun

eyestrain (countable and uncountable, plural eyestrains)

(medicine, ophthalmology) Tiredness or pain in the eyes, sometimes accompanied by headache, caused by excessive or improper use of the eyes, or by uncorrected defects of vision.


distad

en-adv

distad (comparative more distad, superlative most distad)

more distad (comparative)
most distad (superlative)

(anatomy) Toward a distal part; on the distal side of; distally.


taxis

en-noun

taxis (countable and uncountable, plural taxes)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek τάξις (táxis, “arrangement, order”).

lbor

(medicine) The manipulation of a body part into its normal position after dislocation or fracture.

наместване

medicine, surgery: movement of a body part; resetting


urinalysis

en-noun

urinalysis (countable and uncountable, plural urinalyses)

/jʊəɹɪˈnælɪsɪs/

‘He was still booking them in for their check-ups. All that cholesterol to be tested, all those urinalyses.’

2000, J. G. Ballard, Super-Cannes, Fourth Estate, published 2011, page 70:

(medicine) The comprehensive analysis of urine.


valvular

From New Latin valvularis (“valvular”), from valvula (“valvule, small valve”) + Latin āris (“-ar: forming adjectives”).

It was Charles Sherrington (1857–1952) who named that valvular connection (later found to be a gap) the synapse.

1997, Roy Porter, The Greatest Benefit to Mankind, Folio Society, published 2016, page 516:

(medicine, biology) Of or pertaining to valves, such as those of the heart.


vaporizer

(medicine) A device with a heating element, used to vaporize a liquid solution with medicine. The produced vapor condensates into fine aerosols, forming a mist inside the device, to be inhaled by the patient for delivery of the medicine into the lungs.


ipecac

ipecac (countable and uncountable, plural ipecacs)

Contraction of ipecacuanha, from Portuguese ipecacuanha, from Old Tupi ypekakûãîa, from ypeka (“duck”) + akûãîa (“penis”).

(pharmacology) An emetic and expectorant drug that contains emetine and is prepared from ipecac especially as a syrup for use in treating accidental poisoning.


ipecacuanha

ipecacuanha (countable and uncountable, plural ipecacuanhas)

From Brazilian Portuguese ipecacuanha, from Old Tupi ypekakûãîa, from ypeka (“duck”) + akûãîa (“penis”).

This ipecacuanha is a most disagreeable medicine!

1748, [Samuel Richardson], “Letter CCXI”, in Clarissa. Or, The History of a Young Lady: […], volume (please specify |volume=I to VII), London: […] S[amuel] Richardson; […], →OCLC:

A general labor “shortage” crimped Amazonian drug supply chains: the difficulty of procuring ipecacuanha, for example, stemmed not only from the health hazards of the emetic's acrid juice and pungent dust to workers but from bosses' reluctance to reassign indebted rubber tappers to uproot the plant.

2022, Seth Garfield, Guaraná […] , Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, →ISBN:

(medicine, pharmaceutics) The root of Carapichea ipecacuanha, used as an emetic or purgative; a preparation of this root used as a drug; ipecac.

(medicine, pharmaceutics) The flowering plant Carapichea ipecacuanha.


rotular

en-adj

rotular (comparative more rotular, superlative most rotular)

more rotular (comparative)
most rotular (superlative)

rotular surface

rotular groove

(anatomy) Of or relating to the rotula, or kneecap.


sellar

(anatomy) Relating to the sella turcica.


sternal

(anatomy) Of, relating to, or near the sternum.


horsetail

From Middle English horsetaile, horstaile, equivalent to horse + tail.

(anatomy) cauda equina, a bundle of nerve fibers.


vascular tissue

en-noun

vascular tissue (countable and uncountable, plural vascular tissues)

(zoology, anatomy) The arteries, veins, capillaries, and associated tissues in an animal.


inhaler

Gay peep shows -- adult magazines, movies, locker room, inhalers.

1976 April 10, “Classified advertisement”, in Gay Community News, page 18:

(medicine) A device with a canister holding medicine (either in powder or gas form) which is sprayed and inhaled by the patient, often for treating asthma and other respiratory diseases.


initiator

(medicine) A material whose presence in the body eventually leads to cancer.

käynnistäjä

medicine: material whose presence in the body eventually leads to cancer


malformation

malformation (countable and uncountable, plural malformations)

(teratology) An abnormal developmental feature of offspring.

уродливост

(teratology) abnormal developmental feature of offspring


impacted

en-adj

impacted (comparative more impacted, superlative most impacted)

more impacted (comparative)
most impacted (superlative)

Being the last teeth to erupt in the oral cavity, many wisdom teeth are impacted.

(dentistry) Of a tooth, subject to dental impaction.