prescription

en-noun

prescription (countable and uncountable, plural prescriptions)

/pɹəˈskɹɪpʃən/

Borrowed from Middle French, from Old French prescripcion, from Latin praescriptio (“preface; pretext; something written ahead of time”), from prae- (“pre-, before”) + scribere (“to write”) + -tio (“-tion, forming nouns”).

taalregulering

the act or practice of laying down norms of language usage; an instance of this

The surgeon had written thousands of prescriptions for pain killers without proper examinations before the police raided the clinic.

medical practitioner
medical practitioner

(medicine, pharmacy, pharmacology) A written order from an authorized medical practitioner for provision of a medicine or other treatment, such as (ophthalmology) the specific lenses needed for a pair of glasses.

recetë

written order for the administration of a medicine

វេជ្ជបញ្ជា

vɨccĕəʼ bɑɑbɑñciə

I need you to pick up gramma's prescriptions on your way home.

"Oh, yes; she is the only sort of person for a nurse. She always," cried Lady Anne, with a sneer, "comes to you with a receipt for a pudding in one hand to make you ill, and then a prescription in the other to cure you."

1838 (date written), L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter I, in Lady Anne Granard; or, Keeping up Appearances. […], volume I, London: Henry Colburn, […], published 1842, →OCLC, page 9:

en:medication or treatment ordered by a clinician

(medicine) The medicine or treatment provided by such an order.


cupola

Borrowed from Italian cupola, from Latin cūpula (“little tub”); from Latin cūpa, cuppa (“cup”); named for its resemblance to a cup turned over.

the posterior cupola of the cartilaginous nasal capsule

From each anterior cupola there projects forwards the processus prenasalis lateralis inferior.

1937, Sir Gavin De Beer, The Development of the Vertebrate Skull, page 180:

The cupola of the lung is mostly medial and posterior to the vein as it begins to course deeper into the thorax (Fig. 5.7).

2015, Charles E. Smith, Trauma Anesthesia, →ISBN, page 85:

(anatomy) A small cap over a structure that is shaped like a dome or inverted cup.


aerogram

aerogram 1. A roentgenogram of an organ afer it has been injected with air; also called pneumogram.

1935, William Alexander Newman Dorland, E. C. Miller, Illustrated medical dictionary, 17th edition, page 53:


DME

(medicine) Initialism of durable medical equipment.


anal sphincter

(anatomy) The sphincter (= ring muscle) that surrounds the anus (=anal orifice)


anchorage

en-noun

anchorage (countable and uncountable, plural anchorages)

/ˈæŋkəɹɪd͡ʒ/

(medicine) The surgical fixation of prolapsed organs.


Authorities said the discovery of H5N9 bird flu in poultry came alongside the detection of the more common H5N1 strain on the same farm in Merced county, California, and that almost 119,000 birds on the farm had been killed since early December.

2025 January 27, Edward Helmore, “First outbreak of rare bird flu strain reported at California poultry farm”, in The Guardian:

(medicine) A strain of avian influenza, often lethal in humans but not transmissible between humans.


avian influenza

(pathology) Any strain of influenza carried by and primarily affecting birds.


follicle

He could feel the follicles in his inner ear go crazy.

1996, Janette Turner Hospital, Oyster, paperback edition, Virago Press, page 345:

(anatomy) A small cavity or sac, such as a hair follicle.


speciation

speciation (usually uncountable, plural speciations)

requirements specifying speciation and serotyping in addition to reporting of presence or absence

(medicine, pathology) The determination of which species are present in a fluid or tissue specimen, bacterial culture, or viral culture.


guanodine

guanosine monophosphate
guanosine monophosphate

guanosine diphosphate
guanosine diphosphate

guanosine triphosphate
guanosine triphosphate

(biochemistry, genetics) any of the three nucleotides guanosine monophosphate, guanosine diphosphate and guanosine triphosphate


guanosine

guanosine (countable and uncountable, plural guanosines)

(biochemistry, genetics, organic chemistry) A nucleoside derived from guanine and ribose


adenosine

From German Adenosin, corresponding to aden(ine) + (rib)os(e) + -ine.

Caffeine acts as an antagonist at receptors in the brain for one of the chemical messengers called adenosine.

2001, Leslie Iversen, Drugs: A Very Short Introduction, Oxford, page 82:

Think of adenosine as a chemical barometer that continuously registers the amount of elapsed time since you woke up this morning.

2017, Matthew Walker, Why We Sleep, Penguin, published 2018, page 27:

SAM: Readings confirmed. Based on the levels of adenosine in your system, the neural implant is functioning properly.

2017, BioWare, Mass Effect: Andromeda, Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →OCLC, PC, scene: Hyperion:

Adenosine levels can be quickly righted after a few nights of good sleep, however.

2022 June 24, Oliver Whang, “The Sleep Debt Collector Is Here”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

(biochemistry, genetics, organic chemistry) A nucleoside derived from adenine and ribose, found in striated muscle tissue.


antiarrhythmic

(pharmacology) Used to treat or prevent (heart) arrhythmia (irregular beat).


antiarrhythmic

(pharmacology) A drug that treats or prevents (heart) arrhythmia (irregular beat).

antiarrítmic

a drug that treats or prevents arrhythmia


irritated

en-adj

irritated (comparative more irritated, superlative most irritated)

more irritated (comparative)
most irritated (superlative)

/ˈɪɹɪteɪtɪd/


proving

From Middle English provyng, prevyng, provynge, prevynge, preovyng, prufunge, preofunge, from Old English *prōfung, equivalent to prove + -ing.

a book of provings

(homeopathy) Experimentation to determine which substances cause which effects when ingested.


mantle

From Middle English mantel, from Old English mæntel, mentel (“sleeveless cloak”), from Proto-West Germanic *mantil; later reinforced by Anglo-Norman mantel, both from Latin mantēllum (“covering, cloak”), diminutive of mantum (French manteau, Spanish manto), probably from Gaulish *mantos, *mantalos (“trodden road”), from Proto-Celtic *mantos, *mantlos, from Proto-Indo-European *menH- (“tread, press together; crumble”). Compare Icelandic möttull. Doublet of manteau.


antiperistaltic

(physiology) Of or relating to antiperistalsis.

(pharmacology) That blocks or stops peristalsis.


peristalsis

en-noun

peristalsis (countable and uncountable, plural peristalses)

From Ancient Greek δύναμις περισταλτική (dúnamis peristaltikḗ, “the action of the bowels by which their contents are propelled”) , from περιστέλλω (peristéllō, “to wrap around”), from περι- (peri-, “around”) + στέλλω (stéllō, “to make ready, to prepare”).

der

δύναμις περισταλτική

af

(medicine) The rhythmic, wave-like contraction and relaxation of muscles so as to propagate motion, as of food in the digestive tract.

գալարակծկանք

rhythmic contraction of the digestive tract


globus

Borrowed from Latin globus. Doublet of globe and perhaps glob.

(medicine) The sensation of having a lump in the throat.


astigmatic

en-adj

astigmatic (comparative more astigmatic, superlative most astigmatic)

more astigmatic (comparative)
most astigmatic (superlative)


sinew

From Middle English synwe, synewe (“tendon; ligament or other connective tissue; muscle; nerve; leaf vein”), from Old English sinu (“tendon, sinew; nerve”), from Proto-West Germanic *sinu, from Proto-Germanic *sinwō, *senawō (“sinew”), from Proto-Indo-European *snéh₁wr̥ (“sinew, tendon”), from *(s)neh₁- (“to twist (threads), spin, weave”).
The word is cognate with sinnow (“sinew”), Scots senon, sinnon, Saterland Frisian Siene (“sinew”), West Frisian senuw, sine (“sinew; nerve”), Dutch zenuw (“nerve, sinew”), German Sehne (“tendon, sinew; cord”), Icelandic sin (“tendon”), Swedish sena (“sinew”), Avestan 𐬯𐬥𐬁𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬭 (snāuuar, “tendon, sinew”), Ancient Greek νεῦρον (neûron, “tendon; nerve; cord”), Latin nervus (“tendon, sinew; nerve”), Sanskrit स्नावन् (snāván, “sinew, tendon; muscle”), Tocharian B ṣñor (“sinew”). Doublet of nerve and neuron.


anteorbital

(anatomy) Situated in front of the eyes.


ichor

en-noun

ichor (countable and uncountable, plural ichors)

Sense 1 (“liquid said to flow in place of blood in the veins of the gods”) is borrowed from Medieval Latin ichor, from Ancient Greek ῑ̓χώρ (īkhṓr, “fluid running through the veins of gods, ichor; watery part of blood, lymph, serum; watery part of milk, whey; gravy; pus; naphtha”); further etymology unknown, probably from Pre-Greek.
Sense 2.4 (“fetid, watery discharge from a sore”) is from Middle English icor, icore [and other forms], from Medieval Latin ichor; see further above.

der

(pathology, obsolete) A fetid, watery discharge from a sore; pus.

վէրք

fetid, watery discharge from a sore — see also pus


botulism

en-noun

botulism (usually uncountable, plural botulisms)

From German Botulismus, from Latin botulus (“sausage”), the first identified source of the disease, + -ism.

Clostridium botulinum
Clostridium botulinum#Translingual

(pathology) Poisoning caused by the toxin from Clostridium botulinum, an anaerobic bacterium that grows in improperly prepared food.


metra

From Ancient Greek μήτρα (mḗtra, “womb”).


micturate

en-verb

micturate (third-person singular simple present micturates, present participle micturating, simple past and past participle micturated)

micturates (present singular third-person)
micturating (participle present)
micturated (participle past)
micturated (past)

/ˈmɪkt͡ʃəɹeɪt/

Borrowed from Latin micturīre (“to have the urge to urinate”), from mictūrus, from meiō (“urinate”).
Though borrowed from Latin in Modern English (in the mid 19th century), the root of this word was present in Old English in the word mīgan (and whence Early Middle English miȝen), which simply meant “to urinate”.
See: Mingere and meiere: urination.

bor

David Lynch himself uses the down-time between takes to confer with A.D.’s and producers and to drink coffee and/or micturate into the undergrowth, and to smoke American Spirits and walk pensively around the Mercedeses and camera truck’s technical fray, sometimes holding one hand to his cheek in a way that recalls Jack Benny.

1997, David Foster Wallace, “David Lynch keeps his head”, in A Supposedly Fun Thing I'll Never Do Again, Kindle edition, Little, Brown Book Group:

Jeffrey Lebowski: So every time -- I just want to understand this, sir -- every time a rug is micturated upon in this fair city, I have to compensate the (owner) --?

1998, Joel and Ethan Coen, The Big Lebowski:

(intransitive, physiology, formal) To urinate.


ictus

en-noun

ictus (plural ictus or ictuses or ictusses)

ictus (plural)
ictuses (plural)
ictusses (plural)

From Latin ictus (“a blow”), from īco (“I hit, strike, or smite”; “I stab or sting”).

(medicine) A sudden attack, blow, stroke, or seizure, as in a sunstroke, the sting of an insect, pulsation of an artery, etc.


arteria

/ɑɹˈtɪɹ.i.ə/

Learned borrowing from Latin artēria (“a windpipe; an artery”), from Ancient Greek ᾰ̓ρτηρῐ́ᾱ (ărtērĭ́ā). Doublet of artery.


IDS

infectious disease specialist
infectious disease specialist#English

(medicine) Initialism of infectious disease specialist.


POC

en-noun

POC (countable and uncountable, plural POCs)


HT

HT (countable and uncountable, plural HTs)

(medicine) Initialism of heart transplant.


Tamiflu

(pharmacology) A trade name for oseltamivir, an antiviral drug used to treat influenza.


oseltamivir

From oselt- (of unknown origin) + -amivir (“neuraminidase inhibitor”).

af

(pharmacology) An antiviral drug that is taken orally in the form of its phosphate C₁₆H₂₈N₂O₄·H₃PO₄ and is a neuraminidase inhibitor used in the treatment and prevention of influenza. It is a derivative of shikimic acid, and is marketed as Tamiflu.


laryngeal prominence

en-noun

laryngeal prominence (plural laryngeal prominences)


equine rhabdomyelosis

(veterinary medicine) A condition that affects the muscles of horses, ranging from stiffness and mild cramps to the horse becoming unable to stand and producing discoloured urine.


gallop

From Middle English galopen (“to gallop”), from Old French galoper (compare modern French galoper), from Frankish *wala hlaupan (“to run well”), from *wala (“well”) + *hlaupan (“to run”), from Proto-Germanic *hlaupaną (“to run, leap, spring”), from Proto-Indo-European *klaup-, *klaub- (“to spring, stumble”). Possibly also derived from a deverbal of Frankish *walhlaup (“battle run”) from *wal (“battlefield”) from a Proto-Germanic word meaning "dead, victim, slain" from Proto-Indo-European *wel- (“death in battle, killed in battle”) + *hlaup (“course, track”) from *hlaupan (“to run”).
More at well, leap, valkyrie. See also the doublet wallop, coming from the same source through an Old Northern French variant.

der

(cardiology) An abnormal rhythm of the heart, made up of three or four sounds, like a horse's gallop.


TST

en-noun

TST (countable and uncountable, plural TSTs)

(medicine) Initialism of tuberculin skin test: a test for tuberculosis infection.


intervention

intervention (countable and uncountable, plural interventions)

From Middle French intervention, from Latin interventiō.
Morphologically intervene + -tion.

As I showed, although some rhetoricians, such as Mesmer and Erb, claimed that their interventions were medical treatments, others, such as Freud and Jung, claimed that their interventions were both medical curings and spiritual carings.

1988, Thomas Stephen Szasz, The Myth of Psychotherapy, page 183:

(medicine) An action taken or procedure performed; an operation.


heartstring

(anatomy, historical) A tendon or other structure resembling a cord once thought to be attached to, or to brace, the heart.


obliquus

(anatomy) An obliquus muscle; a muscle running obliquely.


heartstrings

heartstrings pl (normally plural, singular heartstring)

/ˈhɑɹtˌstɹɪŋz/

PIE word
 *ḱḗr
From Late Middle English hartestrynges, hert strynges, from Middle English herte (“heart”) + strenges, strynges (“cords, strings”). The English word is analysable as heart + strings.

Harte ſtrynges uenies de cuevr.

[1530 July 28 (Gregorian calendar), Iohan Palsgraue [i.e., John Palsgrave], “The Table of Substantyues”, in Lesclarcissement de la langue francoyse⸝ […], [London]: […] [Richard Pynson] fynnysshed by Iohan Haukyns, →OCLC, 3rd boke, folio xxxix, recto, column 1; reprinted Geneva: Slatkine Reprints, October 1972, →OCLC:

The Ueynes are ſpred foorth throughout the whole bodie, howbeit from one welhead, that is to ſay from the Liuer: ſo be the Sinews, howbeit from the Brayne; So likewiſe are the Heartſtrings, howbeit from the Heart.

1587, Philip of Mornay [i.e., Philippe de Mornay], “That there is but Onely One God”, in Philip Sidney, Arthur Golding, transl., A Woorke Concerning the Trewnesse of the Christian Religion, […], London: […] [John Charlewood and] George Robinson for Thomas Cadman, […], →OCLC, page 18:

The midriffe and heart-ſtrings do burn and beat very fearfully, and vvhen this vapour or fume is ſtirred, flyeth upvvard, the heart it ſelf beats, is ſore grieved, and faints, […]

1638, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], “Symptomes of Maids, Nunnes, and Widows Melancholy”, in The Anatomy of Melancholy. […], 5th edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] [Robert Young, Miles Flesher, and Leonard Lichfield and William Turner] for Henry Cripps, →OCLC, partition 1, section 3, member 2, subsection 4, page 202:

Once she sprang as the heifer springs / With the wolf's teeth at its red heart-strings: / First 'twas fire in her breast and brain, / And then scarce hers but the whole world's pain, / As she gave one shriek and sank again.

1871 September (date written), Dante Gabriel Rossetti, “Rose Mary”, in Ballads and Sonnets, London: Ellis and White, […], published 1881, →OCLC, part II, page 33:

(historical) The tendons or other structures resembling cords once thought to be attached to, or to brace, the heart; especially the aorta, pulmonary artery, and other large arteries connected to them; also, the diaphragm.

心弦

The atrioventricular valves are prevented from turning inside out by strands of connective tissue, which run from their underside to the walls of the ventricle. These are the so-called heartstrings or chordae tendin[e]ae.

2002, “Applied Physiology A”, in Beryl Stretch, editor, BTEC National Health Studies, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Heinemann Educational Publishers, →ISBN, page 481:

Joined to the free ends of the AV [atrioventricular] valves are a number of cords called chordae tendineae (heart strings) attaching them to muscles in the wall of the ventricle. The heart strings keep the AV flaps pointing in the direction of the blood flow, stopping them being turned "inside out" and forced through the atria. The semilunar valves do not have heart strings. Blood flowing the wrong way makes the cusps balloon out so that their edges seal tight.

2005, “Section 2: Heart”, in The Facts on File Illustrated Guide to the Human Body: Heart and Circulatory System, New York, N.Y.: Facts on File, →ISBN, page 40:

[M]y precious Toby Chihuahua, soon to be twelve years old, had a heart attack. As a result, one or more of his chordae tendineae, or heartstrings, ruptured. Until very recently, this condition was curtains for a dog, but new meds are keeping him alive for now.

2014 February 15, Crissy Shreve, chapter 5, in BMom: Lovely Weeds, Bloomington, Ind.: AuthorHouse, →ISBN, page 56:

chordae tendineae
chordae tendineae#English

(by extension) Synonym of chordae tendineae (“the cord-like tendons that connect the papillary muscles to the tricuspid valve and the mitral valve in the heart”)


(oncology) A subcategory of stage 3 cancer.


LCS

LCS (countable and uncountable, plural LCSs)

(medicine, uncountable) Initialism of long Covid syndrome.


reliever

Pepto-Bismol is an upset-stomach reliever.

(chiefly medicine) Something which relieves (pain, etc.).


rachitis

Unadapted borrowing from New Latin rachitis, used by the British physician Francis Glisson (1597–1677) to refer to rickets, from Koine Greek ῥαχῖτις (rhakhîtis) (in ῥαχῖτις νόσος (rhakhîtis nósos, “spinal inflammation”, literally “spinal disease”)), the feminine form of ῥαχίτης (rhakhítēs, “in or of the spine, spinal”), from Ancient Greek ῥάχῐς (rhákhĭs, “lower part of the back; (anatomy) backbone, spine”) (probably ultimately Pre-Greek) + -ῖτις (-îtis) (feminine form of -ῑ́της (-ī́tēs, suffix forming nouns with the sense ‘one connected to’)). By surface analysis, rachi- + -itis.

nb...

operâ primò ac potissimm Francisci Glissonii Doctoris & publici professoris medicinæ in almâ Cantabrigiæ academiâ, & socii collegii medicorum Londinensium, conscriiptus: adscitis in operis societatem Georgio Bate, & Ahasuero Regemortero medicinæ quoque doctoribus, & pariter sociis collegii medicorum Londinensium

First and Most Powerfully by Francis Glisson Doctor & Public Professor of Medicine in the University of Cambridge, & a Member of the College of Physicians of London: Approved in affiliated works by George Bate, & Assuerus Regimorter also doctors of medicine, & fellow members of the College of Physicians of London

apud quos veneunt in vico vulgò-vocato Little Britain

and to be sold in the neighbourhood commonly known as Little Britain


phenomenology

en-noun

phenomenology (countable and uncountable, plural phenomenologies)

/fɪˌnɒmɪˈnɒləd͡ʒi/

/fɪˌnɑməˈnɑləd͡ʒi/

From phenomenon + -logy, from Ancient Greek φαινόμενον (phainómenon, “thing appearing to view”), hence "the study of what shows itself (to consciousness)". According to Martin Heidegger's Introduction to Phenomenological Research, "the expression “phenomenology” first appears in the eighteenth century in Christian Wolff’s School, in Lambert’s Neues Organon, in connection with analogous developments popular at the time, like dianoiology and alethiology, and means a theory of illusion, a doctrine for avoiding illusion." (p.3)

der

(medicine, philosophy of medical sciences) An approach to clinical practice which places undue reliance upon subjective criteria such as signs and symptoms, while ignoring objective etiologies in the formulation of diagnoses and in the compilation of a formal nosologies.


phenomenological

en-adj

phenomenological (comparative more phenomenological, superlative most phenomenological)

more phenomenological (comparative)
most phenomenological (superlative)

Ross and his colleagues … drew on prior research...to suggest that addictive gambling resembles dependence on stimulants (like cocaine) more than it does alcoholism, and hence enlarges our understanding of addiction more fully than purely behavioural criteria would do. The worry is that a behavioural approach misses the similarities and differences between forms of addiction by treating all as more or less the same, based on shared behavioural and phenomenological effects.

July 28, 2010, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy,, The Philosophy of Psychiatry

(medicine) Using the method of phenomenology, by which the observer examines data and other subjective effects without trying to provide a pathophysiological explanation of them, especially in diagnosing disease states and in nosology and other forms of taxonomy.


colchicine

en-noun

colchicine (countable and uncountable, plural colchicines)

Gloriosa superba: spectacularly beautiful climbing lily. Roots, stalks, leaves contain an acrid narcotic, superbine, as well as colchicine and choline. Three grains of colchicine are fatal. Hawaii.

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) A highly toxic alkaloid, chemical formula C₂₂H₂₅NO₆, originally extracted from plants of the genus Colchicum and formerly used to treat rheumatic complaints, now used mainly in the treatment of gout.


viraemia

From Latin virus (“poison”), in conjunction with Ancient Greek αἷμα (“blood”).

(pathology) The condition or disease of having a virus in the bloodstream.


Taxol

(pharmacology) Taxol, paclitaxel: a drug (a mitotic inhibitor) used to kill dividing tumour cells.


taxol

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-taxol.wav

Named by the researchers who isolated it from the bark of the Pacific yew in 1967, Monroe E. Wall and Mansukh C. Wani, from the scientific Latin term Taxus (a genus name).

The powerful anti-cancer drug taxol is extracted from the leaves of the yew tree.

2001, Leslie Iversen, Drugs: A Very Short Introduction, Oxford, page 20:

(chemistry, pharmacology) A taxane, C₄₇H₅₁NO₁₄, used to treat cancer; Taxol.


thighbone

From late Middle English. Equivalent to thigh + bone.

(anatomy) The bone that extends from the pelvis to the knee in humans; the femur.


defibrillate

en-verb

defibrillate (third-person singular simple present defibrillates, present participle defibrillating, simple past and past participle defibrillated)

defibrillates (present singular third-person)
defibrillating (participle present)
defibrillated (participle past)
defibrillated (past)

Dynamic typography reinvigorates the storytelling genre by anthropomorphizing fonts, defibrillating calligraphy, creating rhythmic, ambient moodscapes without sacrificing speed or lushness.

Though occasionally a “flatliner” can be revived with a defib, it is most commonly used to change the uncoordinated contractions of the heart (fibrillation) into a normal sinus rhythm—that is, to defibrillate the heart.

2011, Laurence Street, Introduction to Biomedical Engineering Technology, page 125:

(cardiology, transitive) To stop the fibrillation of the heart in order to restore normal contractions, especially by the use of an electric shock.


bariatrics

From bary- (“weight”) + -iatrics, coined by physician Raymond E. Dietz in 1961.

coin

(medicine) The branch of medicine dealing with obesity and weight problems.


exhibit

en-verb

exhibit (third-person singular simple present exhibits, present participle exhibiting, simple past and past participle exhibited)

exhibits (present singular third-person)
exhibiting (participle present)
exhibited (participle past)
exhibited (past)

From Latin exhibitus, perfect passive participle of exhibeō (“I hold forth, present, show, display”), from ex (“out of, from”) + habeō (“I have, hold”); see habit.

to exhibit calomel


remora

en-noun

remora (plural remora or remorae or remoras)

remora (plural)
remorae (plural)
remoras (plural)

Borrowed from Latin remora (“delay, hindrance, passive resistance”), from the belief that the fish would attach themselves to ships and slow them down, from re- (prefix meaning ‘back, backwards’) + mora (“delay”) (from Proto-Indo-European *mere (“to delay, hinder”), from *(s)mer- (“to fall into thinking, remember; to care for”)).

der

Rem′ora [...] The name of two surgical instruments, intended to retain parts in situ. The one was used, formerly, in castration, to prevent the intestines from protruding at the inguinal ring: the other, called Rem′ora Hilda′ni, (F[rench]) Arrêt d'Hildan, εχενηις, was employed to retain fractures and luxations reduced. It is not now used.

[1833, Robley Dunglison, “Rem′ora”, in A New Dictionary of Medical Science and Literature, […], volumes II (M–Z), Boston, Mass.: […] [E. W. Metcalf and Company] for Charles Bowen, →OCLC, page 429, column 1:

(obsolete, surgery) A surgical instrument, intended to retain parts in their places.


appliqué

Plasmodium falciparum
Plasmodium falciparum#Translingual

(medicine) Of a red blood cell infected by the malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum, assuming a form in which the early trophozoite of Plasmodium falciparum parasitises the marginal portion of the red blood cell, appearing as if the parasite has been “applied”.


geriatrics

From Ancient Greek γῆρας (gêras, “old age”) (see γέρων (gérōn)) + ἰατρός (iatrós, “physician”); coined in English in 1909 by Ignatz L. Nascher in the New York Medical Journal on the model of pediatrics; correct formation would be gerontiatrics.

(medicine) The branch of medicine that focuses on health promotion and the prevention and treatment of disease and disability in later life. The term itself can be distinguished from gerontology, which is the study of the aging process itself.

geriatria

branch of medicine dealing with the elderly


farsightedness

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-farsightedness.wav

(pathology) The condition of being unable to focus on near objects; presbyopia.


im

Alternative forms: IM, I.M., i.m.

In the past few years, T patches have also been released for prescription usage. Both scrotally applied and nonscrotally applied vehicles are available. These forms of delivery offer more constant T levels and avoid the inconvenience of im injection.

1999, Carrie J. Bagatell, William J. Bremmer, “Androgen and Estrogen Effects on Plasma Lipids in Men”, in Leonard Share, editor, Hormones and the Heart in Health and Disease (Contemporary Endocrinology; 21), Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, →ISBN, page 237:


atropine

en-noun

atropine (countable and uncountable, plural atropines)

From Latin Atropa (“genus of deadly nightshade”) + -ine.

af

Atropa belladonna
Atropa belladonna#Translingual

(toxicology, pharmacology) An alkaloid extracted from the plant deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna) and other sources, such as the seeds of the thorn-apple. Though overdoses would be fatal it is used as a drug in medicine for its paralytic effects (e.g. in surgery to relax muscles, in dentistry to dry the mouth, in ophthalmology to dilate the pupils).


ACI

autologous chondrocyte implantation
w:autologous chondrocyte implantation

(medicine) Initialism of autologous chondrocyte implantation.


PAE

postantibiotic effect
postantibiotic effect#English

(pharmacology, microbiology) Initialism of postantibiotic effect.


PAM

en-noun

PAM (countable and uncountable, plural PAMs)

(pathology) Initialism of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis.


vermifuge

en-adj

vermifuge (comparative more vermifuge, superlative most vermifuge)

more vermifuge (comparative)
most vermifuge (superlative)

Attested since about 1720, from Latin vermis (“worm”) + fugāre (“to cause to flee”). Compare -fuge.

(medicine, dated) Acting as a drug to cause expulsion or death of intestinal worms.


vermifuge

1867, Advertisement, The Prairie Farmer, Volume 20, New Series, page 264,
We have been informed that the usual practice of Merchants, Farmers and Planters, in ordering their supplies of Dr. McLane's Celebrated VERMIFUGE, has been to simply write and order Vermifuge. The consequence is that instead of the genuine Dr. McLanes's Vermifuge, they very frequently get one or other of the many worthless preparations called Vermifuge now before the public.

[...]; that the fruit is very good eating, either raw or boiled, and that the seeds, distinguished by a mustard-like pungency, are an efficacious vermifuge for children.

1875, James Herman De Ricci, Fiji: Our New Province in the South Seas, page 135:

(medicine, dated) A drug that causes the expulsion or death of intestinal worms, such as tapeworms.


antispasmodic

(pharmacology) Referring to something that suppresses spasms, generally a drug.


antispasmodic

(pharmacology) A drug that suppresses spasms.


petit mal

Borrowed from French petit mal (literally “little illness”).

bor

Coordinate term: grand mal

Petit mal seizures are also known as absence seizures, which cause a loss of consciousness that is usually brief and barely noticeable. The neurons in a normal brain communicate by firing tiny electric signals.

2010, Carol Turkington, Joseph Harris, The Encyclopedia of the Brain and Brain Disorders, 3rd edition, Infobase Publishing, →ISBN, page 289:

(neurology) A form of epilepsy where the seizures are characterized as minor, the person becomes vacant or unaware, but not involving spasms and unconsciousness. These seizures are usually brief, lasting up to 30 seconds, and may include twitching. A formal medical term would be absence seizures.


absence seizure

en-noun

absence seizure (plural absence seizures)

She blinked rapidly several times, then her chin lifted slightly and her eyes rolled back. It lasted only seconds but the EEG showed the presence of a type of generalized seizure called an “absence seizure” — characterized by a lack of attention. The strange eye movements indicated a rare type of absence-seizure disorder called Jeavons syndrome.

2022 October 13, Lisa Sanders, M.D., “She Suffered From Headaches and Fatigue. Were Concussions to Blame?”, in The New York Times Magazine:

(medicine) A type of seizure indicative of petit mal epilepsy. Brief seizure lasting up to 30 seconds involving vacantness and lack of awareness, possibly including twitching; not including spasm or unconsciousness.


aula

aulas (plural)
aulae (plural)
aulæ (plural)

From Latin aula (“forecourt”), from Ancient Greek αὐλά (aulá), the form of αὐλή (aulḗ, “forecourt”) in dialects other than Ionic and Attic.

(anatomy, obsolete) The anterior part of the third ventricle of the brain leading to the lateral ventricles.


psychotropic

en-adj

psychotropic (comparative more psychotropic, superlative most psychotropic)

more psychotropic (comparative)
most psychotropic (superlative)

(pharmacology) Affecting the mind or mental processes.


psychotropic

(pharmacology) A psychotropic drug or agent.


stirrup bone

(anatomy) the smallest bone in the human body; it is situated in the ear and passes vibrations from the anvil to cochlea


dysmenorrhea

en-noun

dysmenorrhea (countable and uncountable, plural dysmenorrheas)

From dys- + meno- + -rrhea = dys- + menorrhœa.

premenstrual syndrome

in which menstrual pain is often a component

(medicine) Painful menstruation (menstrual pain), viewed as a symptom in any of various disorders.

(medicine) Painful menstruation (menstrual pain), viewed as a disorder in its own right (and thus a diagnosis).


seethe

en-verb

seethe (third-person singular simple present seethes, present participle seething, simple past and past participle seethed)

seethes (present singular third-person)
seething (participle present)
seethed (participle past)
seethed (past)
seethe (infinitive)

The verb is derived from Middle English sethen, seeth (“to boil, seethe; to cook; etc.”) [and other forms], from Old English sēoþan (“to boil, seethe; to cook; etc.”), from Proto-West Germanic *seuþan, from Proto-Germanic *seuþaną (“to boil, seethe”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂sewt-, *h₂sew-, *h₂sut- (“to move about, roil, seethe”).
The noun is derived from the verb.
Cognates
* Albanian zjej (“to boil, seethe”)
* Danish syde (“to seethe, boil”)
* Dutch zieden (“to boil, seethe”)
* German sieden (“to boil, seethe”)
* Gothic 𐍃𐌰𐌿𐌸𐍃 (sauþs, “burnt offering, sacrifice”)
* Icelandic sjóða (“to boil, seethe”)
* Low German seden (“to seethe”)
* Norwegian Bokmål syde (“to boil, seethe”)
* Norwegian Nynorsk sjoda, syda (“to boil, seethe”)
* Scots seth, seith (“to seethe”)
* Swedish sjuda (“to boil, seethe”)
* West Frisian siede (“to boil”)

nb...

cethen, cethyn, sede, seden, seethe, seith, seithe, seth, sethe, sethene, syede, sith, sithe, sithen, zeoth, zeothen, zeotheon, (chiefly Early Middle English) seþe, seþen, seoth, seothe, seothen, seoþe, seoþen, (Early Middle English) seit, seod, soð

cog

Elixation is the ſeething of meat in the ſtomack, by the ſaid naturall heat, as meat is boyled in a pot; […]

1638, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], “Of the Soule and Her Faculties”, in The Anatomy of Melancholy. […], 5th edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] [Robert Young, Miles Flesher, and Leonard Lichfield and William Turner] for Henry Cripps, →OCLC, partition 1, section 1, member 2, subsection 5, page 20:

(obsolete, physiology) Of the stomach: to digest (food).


exogenous

(medicine, of a disease) Having a cause external to the infected organism.

exogen

(biology, dermatology, uncommon) Related to the exogen growth phase.


male pattern baldness

(dermatology) A genetically predisposed loss of hair from the scalp in males, theorized to be caused by an excessive response to androgens, specifically dihydrotestosterone.


ductal

(anatomy) Of, relating to, or originating in a duct


epigenetics

/ˌɛpɪd͡ʒəˈnɛtɪks/

Blend of epigenesis + genetics; coined by C. H. Waddington in 1942.

Epigenetics deals with the regulation of genetic activity within a cell - which genes are switched on or off, and when it happens.

2010 November 6, “Sins of the Fathers”, in New Scientist:

The nuts and bolts of how this happens revolves around the massively trendy field of “epigenetics,” revealing how early life experience causes long-lasting changes in gene expression in particular brain regions.

2023, Robert M. Sapolsky, Determined: A Science of Life Without Free Will, New York: Penguin, →ISBN:

(genetics) The study of the processes involved in the genetic development of an organism, especially the activation and deactivation of genes.

(genetics) The study of heritable changes caused by the activation and deactivation of genes without any change in DNA sequence.


epinephrine

en-noun

epinephrine (countable and uncountable, plural epinephrines)

From Ancient Greek ἐπι- (epi-, “upon”) + νεφρός (nephrós, “kidney”) + -ine.

At the ER, after deflating me with a cocktail of epinephrine, a steroid and an antihistamine, the doctors scolded me for not coming in more quickly: I could have died of asphyxiation.

2023 November 1, “‘We’re sedating women with self-care’: how we became obsessed with wellness”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:

(biochemistry, organic chemistry, medicine) A catecholamine hormone and neurotransmitter; as a hormone, secreted by the adrenal gland in response to stress (when it stimulates the autonomic nervous system); as a neurotransmitter, synthesized from norepinephrine. It is also used as a medication.


hepatica

(medicine, obsolete) Medicines to treat the liver.


materia medica

From Latin materia (“material”) + medica (“curative, medical”).

(medicine, archaic or historical) Synonym of pharmacology, particularly its development in early modern Europe.


materia medica

CHIAN earth, in pharmacy, one of the medicinal earths of the ancients, the name of which is preſerved in the catalogues of the materia medica but of which nothing more than the name has been known for many ages in the ſhops...

1771, Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1st ed., volume II, page 183:

(medicine, archaic or historical) Synonym of medicine: the substances so used, particularly traditional cures prepared from animals and plants such as herbal medicines but inclusive of early drugs.


zymotic

From Ancient Greek ζυμωτικός (zumōtikós, “causing fermentation”), from ζυμοῦν (zumoûn).

uder

[…] these […] accounts by no means bear out the zymotic doctrine of the Board of Health as to the cause of cholera; for where the zymotic influences from the sewers were the worst, […] the cholera was the least destructive.

1851, Henry Mayhew, London Labour and the London Poor, volume 2, London: G. Newbold, page 395:

The incidence of zymotic diseases upon any particular organ or set of organs, is, of course, well recognised; one recalls the nephritis of scarlatina, the endocarditis of rheumatism, gastritis of rabies, and—perhaps the most striking instance of the selective affinity of disease for specific local manifestation—the lesions of foot-and-mouth disease.

1901 August 16, H. Watkins-Pitchford, “Horsesickness”, in The Agricultural Journal and Mining Record, volume 4, number 12, page 354:

Farr concluded that overcrowding was the main determinant of high mortality from what (following Liebig) he style ‘zymotic diseases’.

1997, Roy Porter, The Greatest Benefit to Mankind, Folio Society, published 2016, page 394:

(pathology, now historical) Infectious, contagious, of diseases originally regarded as being caused by a process similar to fermentation.


zyme

From Ancient Greek ζύμη (zúmē, “leaven”).

(obsolete, medicine) The morbific principle of a zymotic disease.


zygosphene

(anatomy) A median process on the front part of the neural arch of the vertebrae of most snakes and some lizards, which fits into a fossa called the zygantrum on the back part of the arch in front


zygantrum

(anatomy) A depression on the back of a vertebrae into which the zygosphene fits.


zonule

Parallel with zonula, with zona + -ula being homologous to zone + -ule.

1963, M. G. Farquar, G. E. Palade, Junctional complexes in various epithelia, The Journal of Cell Biology, Volume 17, republished 2001, Joseph G. Gall, J. Richard McIntosh (editors), Landmark Papers in Cell Biology, page 261,
Each tight junction is followed by an adhering zonule extending between arrows 2 and 3 and, farther away, by a desmosome marked D. A condensation of finely fibrillar material occurs mainly along the adhering zonules on each side of the bile capillary.

(anatomy) A little zone, or girdle; a zonula.

The rim of a small-sized lens along with zonule is clearly seen through the fully dilated pupil.

2004, E. Ahmed, A Textbook of Ophthalmology, page 270:

2009, Frank W. Howes, 5.4: Indications for Lens Surgery / Indications for Application of Different Lens Surgery Techniques, Myron Yanoff, Jay S. Duker (editors), Ophthalmology, 3rd Edition, page 429,
In most cases, the goal of this type of lens surgery is the same as that for eyes without a compromised zonule: to remove the contents of the capsular bag through a CCC and replace the contents with a foldable IOL.


fascinoma

differential diagnosis
differential diagnosis#English

(medicine, slang) An unusual and interesting case or diagnosis: one especially interesting in its differential diagnosis.


leukopenia

en-noun

leukopenia (countable and uncountable, plural leukopenias)

(medicine) An abnormally low count of leukocytes, or white blood cells, in the blood.


emergent

en-adj

emergent (comparative more emergent, superlative most emergent)

more emergent (comparative)
most emergent (superlative)

/ɪˈmɜːd͡ʒənt/

/ɪˈmɝd͡ʒənt/

Therefore, patients with ulcerative colitis should ideally be treated before they become emergent cases with toxic megacolon or perforation of the colon.

Bleeding manifestations in chronic DIC are more subacute than in acute DIC, but may become emergent as DIC progresses.

2001, Christopher Hillyer, Krista L. Hillyer, Frank Strobl, Leigh Jefferies, Leslie Silberstein, Handbook of Transfusion Medicine, Academic Press, →ISBN, page 206:

As a rule, esophageal disorders become emergent when the airway is compromised either by the initial insult or by a high risk of aspiration.

2017, A. Joseph Layon, Andrea Gabrielli, Mihae Yu, Kenneth E. Wood, Civetta, Taylor, & Kirby's Critical Care Medicine, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, →ISBN:

Before communication and cognition impair decision-making, and before the medical needs for interventions become emergent, advance decisions about nutrition and ventilation must be discussed.

2019, Walter R. Frontera, Joel A. DeLisa, Bruce M. Gans, Lawrence R. Robinson, DeLisa's Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation: Principles and Practice, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, →ISBN:

(especially medicine) Constituting an emergency.


endoscopy

(medicine) The examination of a bodily orifice, canal or organ using an endoscope.


colonoscopy

en-noun

colonoscopy (countable and uncountable, plural colonoscopies)

Colonoscopy can be expected to identify lesions missed on barium enema, such as small polyps and angiodysplasia. […] Often the preparation of the colon is not ideal, and this can add to the difficulty of performing colonoscopy and interpreting the findings. Tedesco and colleagues reported the results of colonoscopy in 258 patients with rectal bleeding.

1985, William S. Howland, Graziano C. Carlon, editors, Critical Care of the Cancer Patient, Year Book Medical Publishers, →ISBN, page 100:

(medicine) The examination of the colon using a colonoscope.


colposcopy

(medicine) The examination of the tissues of the vagina and cervix using a colposcope.


calva

The excavation turned up one small femur, one broken calva, and one jawbone.

(anatomy) The calvaria; the dome or roof of the skull.


oncologist

/ɒŋˈkɒləd͡ʒɪst/

From oncology + -ist or onco- + -logist.

There's been a lot of screening, and people still die," says Ian Thompson, a urologic oncologist at the University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio.

2009 February 13, Jennifer Couzin, “BIOMARKERS: Metabolite in Urine May Point To High-Risk Prostate Cancer”, in Science, volume 323, number 5916, →DOI:

When considered in combination with the use of antiangiogenic therapy, this diagnostic tool is easy to apply and has broad utility among medical oncologists to avoid the risk of hemosputum in the great vessels [ 5 ].

2015 July 30, Hidetaka Uramoto et al., “Easy Diagnosis of Aortic Invasion in Patients with Lung Cancer Using Cine Magnetic Resonance Imaging”, in Case Reports in Oncology, volume 8, →DOI:

(oncology) A doctor or scientist who specializes in oncology.


CWD

CWD (countable and uncountable, plural CWDs)

chronic wasting disease
chronic wasting disease#English

(medicine, uncountable) Initialism of chronic wasting disease.


longus

Borrowed from New Latin longus (“long”), clipping of musculus longus (“long muscle”).


sclerotic

(anatomy) Of or relating to the sclera of the eye.

The outer wood exposed to the air may become carbonaceous due to the interaction of sclerotic mycelium and the wood.

1920, Clarence Ritchie Phipps, Plant Lice Injurious to Apple Orchards:

(anatomy or pathology) Having or relating to sclerosis; hardened.


sclerotic

In front, this membrane is continuous with the cornea by direct continuity of tissue; but the opaque sclerotic overlaps it rather more on the outer than upon its inner surface.

1859, Henry Gray, Anatomy, Descriptive and Surgical, page 555:

An icteric discoloration of the sclerotic — a quite common symptom in xanthopia from arsenical poisoning — is very seldom observed.

1883, Louis Lewin, The Untoward Effects of Drugs, page 98:


EDP

en-noun

EDP (countable and uncountable, plural EDPs)

(pharmacology) Initialism of estradiol dipropionate.


EENT

(medicine) Initialism of eyes, ears, nose and throat.


EET

If the promising but untested treatment would replace EET, the head-to-head comparison would be similar to the "placebo-controlled" trials I've already described, but with EET in place of the placebo.

2012, R. Brian Haynes, Clinical Epidemiology: How to Do Clinical Practice Research, page 197:

(medicine) Initialism of endoscopic eradication therapy.


LNA

locked nucleic acid
locked nucleic acid#English

(genetics) Initialism of locked nucleic acid.


invasive

en-adj

invasive (comparative more invasive, superlative most invasive)

more invasive (comparative)
most invasive (superlative)

PIE word
 *h₁én
The adjective is derived from Middle English invasif (“of a weapon: offensive”), from Middle French invasif, Old French invasif (“invasive”) (modern French invasif), from Medieval Latin invāsīvus, from Latin invāsus (“entered; invaded”) + -īvus (suffix forming adjectives). Invāsus is the perfect passive participle of invādō (“to enter; to invade”), from in- (prefix meaning ‘in, inside’) + vādō (“to go; to rush; to walk”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *weh₂dʰ- (“to go, proceed; to pass, traverse”)).
The noun is derived from the adjective.

der

The natural evolution of minimally invasive surgery has taken the surgeon to new heights and has extended the breadth of laparoscopic surgery to include procedures of the colon.

1995, Constantine T. Frantzides, Laparoscopic and Thoracoscopic Surgery, St. Louis, Mo.: Mosby, →ISBN, page 135:

(medicine, surgery) Of a procedure: involving the entry of an instrument into part of the body.

ինվազիվ

of a procedure: involving the entry of an instrument into part of the body

Two patients developed cancer in the upper urinary tract, and 3 eventually developed invasive cancer.

1982, William W. Bonney, George R. Prout, Jr., editors, Bladder Cancer: American Urological Association Seminar on Bladder Cancer, Chicago, Illinois, April 1980 (AUA Monographs; 1), Baltimore, Md.: Williams & Wilkins, →ISBN, page 162:

(pathology) Of a carcinoma or other abnormal growth: that invades healthy tissue, especially rapidly.


speculum

(medicine) A medical instrument used during an examination to dilate an orifice.


hypomethylation

(genetics) a decrease in the epigenetic methylation of cytosine and adenosine residues in DNA


CBF

cerebral blood flow
cerebral blood flow#English

(physiology) Initialism of cerebral blood flow.


CPAP

en-noun

CPAP (countable and uncountable, plural CPAPs)

NPPV

non-invasive positive pressure ventilation

continuous positive airway pressure
w:continuous positive airway pressure

(medicine) Initialism of continuous positive airway pressure. (a form of artificial ventilation)


hypermethylation

hypermethylation (countable and uncountable, plural hypermethylations)

(genetics) an increase in the epigenetic methylation of cytosine and adenosine residues in DNA.


methylation

methylation (countable and uncountable, plural methylations)

/ˌmɛθɪˈleɪʃən/

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-methylation.wav

(genetics) The addition of a methyl group to cytosine and adenine residues in DNA that leads to the epigenetic modification of DNA and the reduction of gene expression and protein production.


enervated

en-adj

enervated (comparative more enervated, superlative most enervated)

more enervated (comparative)
most enervated (superlative)

(medicine, uncommon) Synonym of denervated.


Giemsa

(genetics) A complex of stains used to investigate chromosomes; a mixture of eosin and methylene blue in glycerol and methanol.


meninges

(anatomy, chiefly plural) The three membranes that envelop the brain and spinal cord.

الأَغْشِيَة السِحَائِيَّة

the three membranes that envelop the brain and spinal cord


ICS

International Continence Society
w:International Continence Society

(medicine) Initialism of International Continence Society.


ICS

en-noun

ICS (countable and uncountable, plural ICSs)

intercostal space
intercostal space#English

(countable, anatomy, medicine) Initialism of intercostal space.

(pharmacology) Initialism of inhaled corticosteroid.


immunogenic

en-adj

immunogenic (comparative more immunogenic, superlative most immunogenic)

more immunogenic (comparative)
most immunogenic (superlative)

(immunology) that produces a reaction from the immune system; antigenic.


antitragus

(anatomy) A projection on the lower posterior portion of the auricle of the ear opposite the tragus.


topology

en-noun

topology (countable and uncountable, plural topologies)

From Late Latin topologia, from Ancient Greek τόπος (tópos, “place, locality”) + -(o)logy (“study of, a branch of knowledge”).

der

(medicine) The anatomical structure of part of the body.


apico-

classical compound
international scientific vocabulary

From international scientific vocabulary, reflecting a New Latin combining form, from apex.

e.g. apicocardiac, apicolateral, apicomedial

usage note: For organisms that are attached to a substrate (e.g. sponges, protists), the side attached to the substrate is referred to as the basal end, and the end furthest from attachment is referred to as apical

(anatomy) The side of a body part (or organism) that is futher away from the substrate it is attached to.

e.g. apicocoronal, apicoectomy

(dentistry) Related to the root of a tooth.


psychosomatic

en-adj

psychosomatic (comparative more psychosomatic, superlative most psychosomatic)

more psychosomatic (comparative)
most psychosomatic (superlative)

(medicine, psychology) Pertaining to physical diseases, symptoms etc. which have mental causes.


midbrain

When the instinctive and subconscious world of the snake is confronted in initiation, the vital force of the snake rises and floods the second brain, the midbrain, the limbic ring.

1981, William Irwin Thompson, The Time Falling Bodies Take to Light: Mythology, Sexuality and the Origins of Culture, London: Rider/Hutchinson & Co., page 226:

(neuroanatomy) A part of the brain located rostral to the pons and caudal to the thalamus and the basal ganglia, composed of the tectum (dorsal portion) and the tegmentum (ventral portion).


thixotropic

thixotropic (comparative more thixotropic, superlative most thixotropic)

more thixotropic (comparative)
most thixotropic (superlative)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-thixotropic.wav

From Ancient Greek θίξις (thíxis, “touch”) + -tropic.

af

(chemistry, medicine, of a gel) Becoming a fluid when agitated but solid or semi-solid when allowed to stand.

tiksotrooppinen

becoming a fluid when agitated but solid or semi-solid when allowed to stand


thixotropy

From Ancient Greek θίξις (thíxis, “touching”) + Ancient Greek τροπή (tropḗ, “turning”, from τρέπω (trépō, “turn, change”)) + -y.

from <i class="Polyt mention" lang="grc">τρέπω</i> (trépō, “turn, change”)

(medicine) The property of certain gels whereby they become fluids when agitated and return to being solid or semi-solid when allowed to stand.


inoculate

en-verb

inoculate (third-person singular simple present inoculates, present participle inoculating, simple past and past participle inoculated)

inoculates (present singular third-person)
inoculating (participle present)
inoculated (participle past)
inoculated (past)

From Middle English inoculate, from Latin inoculātus, perfect passive participle of inoculō (“ingraft an eye or bud of one plant into (another), implant”), from in (“in”) + oculus (“an eye”).

But you would not willingly thus give up the Cause; therefore endeavour to draw others into your Assistance, and venture to assert, that by the Account Dr. Nettleton gives, as also by the best Observation upon those who have been Inoculated in this City, scarcely a fourth part of them have had a true and genuine Small Pox.

1722, John Crawford, The Case of Inoculating the Small-pox Consider'd: And Its Advantages Asserted; in a Review of Dr. Wagstaffe's Letter. Wherein Every Thing that Author Has Advanced Against It, is Fully Confuted: and Inoculation Proved a Safe, Beneficial, and Laudable Practice.:

The sense that it takes outrageous fortune to get inoculated echoes here in the Bay Area, where pharmacies have canceled flu-shot clinics, doctors turn away pleading patients and health officials are reduced to telling panicked callers that they should practice good personal hygiene.

2004 October 29, Marco R. Della Cava, “Vaccine shortage pricks tempers”, in Statesman Journal, volume 152, number 214, Salem, OR, page 2A:

(transitive, immunology) To introduce an antigenic substance or vaccine into something (e.g. the body) or someone, such as to produce immunity to a specific disease.


peripheral

en-adj

peripheral (comparative more peripheral, superlative most peripheral)

more peripheral (comparative)
most peripheral (superlative)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *per-der.
Ancient Greek περί (perí)
Ancient Greek περῐ- (perĭ-)
Proto-Indo-European *bʰer-
Proto-Indo-European *bʰéreti
Proto-Hellenic *pʰérō
Ancient Greek φέρω (phérō)
Ancient Greek περιφέρω (periphérō)
Proto-Indo-European *-os
Proto-Indo-European *-ēs
Ancient Greek -ης (-ēs)
Ancient Greek περιφερής (peripherḗs)
Proto-Indo-European *-h₂
Proto-Indo-European *-ih₂der.
Ancient Greek -ια (-ia)
Ancient Greek περιφέρεια (periphéreia)bor.
Latin peripheriabor.
Middle French peripheriebor.
English periphery
Proto-Italic *-ālis
Latin -ālisbor.
Old French -albor.
Latin -ālis
Old French -elbor.
Latin -ālisbor.
Middle English -al
English -al
English peripheral
From peripher(y) + -al.

etymon

We have isolated the gene encoding the Schwann cell glycoprotein P0, the major structural protein of the peripheral myelin sheath.

1988 March 1, “Isolation and analysis of the gene encoding peripheral myelin protein zero”, in Neuron, →DOI, page 73:

peripheral nervous system
peripheral nervous system

(neuroanatomy) Related to or located in the peripheral nervous system.


encephalomyelitis

(pathology) Inflammation of the brain and spinal cord.

encefalomyelitida

inflammation of the brain and spinal cord


sister chromatid

en-noun

sister chromatid (plural sister chromatids)

(genetics) Either of the two chromatids of a replicated chromosome.


somatic cell

(cytology) Any normal cell of an organism that is not involved in reproduction; a cell that is not on the germline.

somatická buňka

any normal cell of an organism that is not involved in reproduction


chromatid

/ˈkɹəʊmətɪd/

From Ancient Greek χρῶμα (khrôma, “color”) + -id.

af

(genetics) After DNA replication, either of the two connected double-helix strands of a metaphase chromosome that separate during mitosis.


genetic code

(genetics) The set of rules by which the sequence of bases in DNA are translated into the amino acid sequence of proteins.


chiasma

Modern Latin, from Ancient Greek χίασμα (khíasma), from χιάζω (khiázō, “to mark with the letter chi, χ”).

(anatomy) A crossing of two nerves, ligaments etc.

(genetics, cytology) The contact point between the two chromatids of a chromosome during meiosis.

kiazma

the contact point between the two chromatids of a chromosome during meiosis


decolonization

en-noun

decolonization (countable and uncountable, plural decolonizations)

(medicine) The elimination of a colony of pathogens from the body of a patient, especially antibiotic-resistant pathogens.


DEC

(dermatology) Initialism of desquamated epithelial cell.


arteriovenous

(anatomy) Relating to the arteries and the veins


lateral pectoral nerve

lateral pectoral nerve (plural lateral pectoral nerves)

(anatomy) A nerve that branches from the lateral cord and innervates the pectoralis major muscle.


ligature

en-verb

ligature (third-person singular simple present ligatures, present participle ligaturing, simple past and past participle ligatured)

ligatures (present singular third-person)
ligaturing (participle present)
ligatured (participle past)
ligatured (past)

From Middle English ligature, from Middle French ligature, from Late Latin ligātūra, from Latin ligātus, past participle of ligāre (“to tie, bind”).


nosocomial

Learned borrowing from Late Latin nosocomīum (“hospital, infirmary”) + English -al (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’ forming adjectives). Nosocomīum is borrowed from Ancient Greek νοσοκομεῖον (nosokomeîon, “hospital, infirmary”), from νοσοκομέω (nosokoméō, “to tend the sick”) + -εῖον (-eîon, suffix forming nouns denoting places); νοσοκομέω (nosokoméō) is from νόσος (nósos, “disease, illness, sickness”) (further etymology uncertain) + κομέω (koméō, “to take care of, look after, tend”) (from Proto-Indo-European *kem(H)- (“to be tired; to exert oneself”)).

der

It is a febrile disease accompanied by symptoms quite peculiar to it. […] There is a peculiar conformity between it and nosocomial fever, or typhus of prisons, described by Pringle [i.e., Sir John Pringle, 1st Baronet], a disease of a complicated nature, and named by Pinal adynamic & ataxic fever. We shall soon see that both may originate from analogous causes, and that a contagion not being sufficiently strong for developing the true nosocomial fever among healthy persons, may, nevertheless, produce hospital gangrene.

1815 November, S[ebald] J[ustinus] Brugmans, “Memoir on the State and Composition of the Atmosphere, Considered as the Cause of the Hospital Gangrene, or Putrescence among the Wounded”, in The London Medical and Physical Journal. […], volume XXXIV, number 5 (number 201 overall), London: Printed for the proprietors, by J. and C. Adlard, […]; published by J. Souter, […], →OCLC, § 10.2, page 398:

Professor Laveran furnishes this narration as a specimen of the injurious effects which nosocomial influences exert upon otherwise benign affections. The return of troops from the Italian war had the effect of producing great accumulations of troops in the military Hospitals. […] [W]e find that some [febrile diseases], as malarial diseases for example, are benefited by the very fact of residence within an Hospital, and are but little subjected to nosocomial influences.

1861 August 31, [Charles Louis Alphonse] Laveran, anonymous transl., “[Progress of Medical Science. Selections from Foreign Journals.] On an Epidemic of Measles at Val de Gr[â]ce.”, in The Medical Times and Gazette. A Journal of Medical Science, Literature, Criticism, and News, volume II, number 583, London: John Churchill, […], →OCLC, page 229, column 1:

Gosselin discovered that this mode of [raw cotton] dressing was not a certain prophylactic against nosocomial intoxication, because he saw a patient die of purulent infection, whose limb had been amputated in his service, and in another case an attack of erysipelas followed.

1880 October 20, Jules Rochard, translated by B. A. Watson, “[Translations. From the French.] New Modes of Surgical Treatment. (‘Histoire de la Chirurgie Française’ par le Docteur Jules Rochard. Edit. 1875.)”, in Tho[ma]s F. Rumbold, editor, The Saint Louis Medical and Surgical Journal, volume XXXIX, number 8, St. Louis, Mo.: [s.n.], →OCLC, page 488:

Nosocomial infections are infections occurring during hospitalization that were not present, and not incubating, at the time of hospital admission[…]. All patients in an ICU are at increased risk of developing nosocomial infections[…].

1984 November, Robert A. Berenson, “Outcomes of Intensive Care: Medical Benefits and Cost Effectiveness”, in Intensive Care Units (ICUs): Clinical Outcomes, Costs, and Decisionmaking (Health Technology Case Study; 28), Washington, D.C.: Office of Technology Assessment, Congress of the United States, →OCLC, page 40:

The most common nosocomial infections are urinary tract infections (42 percent), followed by surgical wound infections (24 percent), pneumonia (10 percent), and infections of the bloodstream (bacteremia) (5 percent). […] Almost three-quarters of nosocomial infections occur among patients undergoing surgery […] The most difficult obstacle to the reliable measurement of nosocomial infections is the lack of standardized case finding.

1988 June, Office of Technology Assessment, Congress of the United States, “Adverse Events”, in The Quality of Medical Care: Information for Consumers (OTA-H-386), Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, →OCLC, page 109, column 1:

For many years we have known that patients at high risk for nosocomial rhinosinusitis are those who require extended periods of intensive care with prolonged endotracheal intubation or nasogastric tubing[…]. Nasotracheal intubation has a higher risk for nosocomial sinusitis than orotracheal intubation[…].

2014, Elizabeth K. Hoddeson, Sarah K. Wise, “Acute Rhinosinusitis”, in Jonas T. Johnson, Clark A. Rosen, Bailey’s Head and Neck Surgery—Otolaryngology, 5th edition, volume 1, Baltimore, Md., Philadelphia, Pa.: Wolters Kluwer Health; Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, →ISBN, section III (Rhinology and Allergy), page 512, column 2:

(pathology) Of an infection or its cause: arising from the environment of, or treatment in, a hospital.

nosokomiaal

of an infection or its cause: arising from the environment of, or treatment in, a hospital

durch den Aufenthalt oder der Behandlung in einem Krankenhaus verursacht

In 1822 he [Étienne Serres] left the Hôtel Dieu for La Pitié, where he remained until he had attained the legal limit of age which compels the nosocomial physicians and surgeons of Paris to retire from office. At this point terminates the strictly medical part of M. Serres' career, during which he gained great distinction as a nosocomial physician, and published several works of value.

1868 February 8, “The Late M. Serres”, in James G. Wakley, editor, The Lancet: A Journal of British and Foreign Medicine, Physiology, Surgery, Chemistry, Public Health, Criticism, and News, volume I, London: George Fall, […], →ISSN, →OCLC, page 208, column 1:

I immediately set the bones and applied a temporary bandage, then took the dog to my private hospital […] Unique Nosocomial Treatment [section heading] After this, I applied a bandage-padded pack, reaching from the top of the shoulders to the root of the tail to prevent arching movements of the back, […]

1922 July, H. B. Balthaser, “Canine, Feline and Avian Practice: Valuable Airedale Recovers from Fracture of the Thoracic Vertebra”, in L. A. Merillat, D. M. Campbell, editors, Veterinary Medicine, volume XVII, number 7, Chicago, Ill.: Veterinary Magazine Corporation, →OCLC, page 381:

It is also in part the nosocomial treatment schedules that have drawn our attention to this important field. I suggest that with shock lung we are dealing with a problem of multiple organ failure, not just the lung.

1980, Ann-Marie Göransson, “Cholegraphy: Its Applicability and Reliability in Connection with Gall-stone Operations: a Follow-up Study of 534 Patients Operated on Because of Cholelithiasis”, in Acta Chirurgica Scandinavica: Supplementum, volume 496, Stockholm, Sweden: Almqvist & Wiksell Periodical Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, →PMID, pages 1–95:

(medicine, uncommon) Of, relating to, or happening in a hospital.

nosokomiaal

of, relating to, or happening in a hospital


polyp

From Latin polypus (“a polyp, a polypus in the nose”), from Ancient Greek πολύπους (polúpous, from πολύς (polús, “many”) + πούς (poús, “foot”)). Doublet of polypus.

der

(medicine) An abnormal growth protruding from a mucous membrane.


mediastinum

From New Latin mediastīnum, from Medieval Latin mediastīnus (“middling; middle”), from Latin mediastīnus (“a common servant”).

bor

(anatomy) The region in mammals between the pleural sacs, containing the heart and all of the thoracic viscera except the lungs.


pediculosis

en-noun

pediculosis (usually uncountable, plural pediculoses)


fontanelle

Borrowed from French fontanelle, from Old French fontenelle, diminutive of fontaine (“fountain, spring”).

(anatomy) A soft membraneous spot on the head of a baby due to incomplete fusion of the cranial bones.


apraxia

apraxia (usually uncountable, plural apraxias)

From Ancient Greek ἀπραξία (apraxía, “inaction”), from ἀ- (a-, “without”) + πρᾶξις (prâxis, “activity”) + -ία (-ía, abstract noun suffix).

confix

(neurology) Total or partial loss of the ability to perform coordinated movements or manipulate objects in the absence of motor or sensory impairment; specifically, a disorder of motor planning.

hazééʼ nahonitłʼahgo doo hazhóʼó yájíłtiʼda


nociceptive

Coined by English neurophysiologist Charles Sherrington in 1906, from Latin noceō (“to do harm, to inflict injury”) + receptive.

af

(physiology) Relating to the perception or sensation of pain.


wryneck

(medicine, dated) A twisted or distorted neck; a deformity in which the neck is drawn to one side by a rigid contraction of one of the muscles; torticollis.


chemokine

(biochemistry, immunology) Any of various chemotactic cytokines, produced during inflammation, that organize the leukocytes.


cytokine

/ˈsa͜ɪˌɾəˌka͜ɪn/

From cyto- + Ancient Greek κίνησις (kínēsis, “movement”).

der

Thus, in the case of viral infection, mechanisms of resistance would be threefold, namely, interferon production, the immune response, including both antibody and lymphokine production, and the generation of lymphokine-like substances by the infected cells themselves. These latter substances have been defined as cytokines.

1975 July 7, Bigazzi PE, Yoshida T, Ward PA, Cohen S., “Production of Lymphokine-Like Factors (Cytokines) by Simian Virus 40-Infected and Simian Virus 40-Transformed Cell”, in The American Journal of Pathology, volume 80, number 1, page 69:

A fundamental feature expressed by the vast majority of cytokines is a profound immunomodulatory activity.
Many cytokines, presently available in pure recombinant form, modify bone cell metabolism.

1991, Maxine Gowen, Cytokines and Bone Metabolism, page 26:

The cytokines are generally considered to be a group of peptides secreted by cells of the immune system such as macrophages, lymphocytes and T cells, although the same peptides may also be secreted by non-immune cells such as neurological tissues and adipocytes.

2012, Victor R. Preedy, Ross Hunter, editors, Preface: Cytokines, page v:

The cytokines provide a classic example of products of the immune system which alter brain and endocrine activities. A variety of cytokines, including interleukin 1, interleukin 2, interleukin 6, and tumor necrosis factor α, have been traditionally associated with peripheral control of the immune system, inflammation, and acute phase response.

2013, Errol B. De Souza, editor, Preface: Neurobiology of Cytokines: Methods in Neurosciences, volume 16, page xiii:

Surprisingly, mTOR inhibitors displayed little inhibitory efficacy regarding receptor modulation and cytokine production which may be clinically relevant in terms of the risk of underimmunosuppression with this class of drugs.

2015 July 6, “NK Cells of Kidney Transplant Recipients Display an Activated Phenotype that Is Influenced by Immunosuppression and Pathological Staging”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry, immunology) Any of various small regulatory proteins that regulate the cells of the immune system.

細胞因子 /细胞因子

any of various small regulatory proteins


chemosurgery

(medicine) The selective destruction of diseased or malignant tissue by means of chemical substances; used especially in the treatment of the skin.


chemotaxonomy

en-noun

chemotaxonomy (usually uncountable, plural chemotaxonomies)

(biochemistry, genetics) The classification or taxonomy of organisms based on differences and similarities in biochemistry, especially on differences in amino acid sequence in proteins that the organisms have in common.


jejunostomy

(medicine) The surgical creation of an opening into the jejunum to allow artificial feeding.


antinephritic

(pharmacology) Counteracting, or deemed of use in, diseases of the kidneys.


antiperistalsis

antiperistalsis (usually uncountable, plural antiperistalses)

(physiology) peristalsis occurring in the opposite direction of the way it typically occurs


Bright's disease

(pathology) Any of several diseases of the kidney characterized by inflammation, and the presence of albumin in the urine; nephritis.


modality

modality (countable and uncountable, plural modalities)

If a port-wine stain has been treated with another modality, such as the argon, CO2, or KTP laser, electrocautery, radiation, or tattooing, FPDL treatment may provide less lightening and improvement.

2001, Gregory Keller, Victor Lacombe, Lasers in Aesthetic Surgery, page 188:

The four major modalities used in patients with solid tumors are (a) surgery, (b) radiation therapy, (c) chemotherapy, and (d) immunotherapy

2006, Richard A. Helms, David J. Quan, Textbook of Therapeutics: Drug and Disease Management, page 2487:

Exercise training is a therapeutic modality that should be considered for all patients with ventricular dysfunction

2010, Ellen Hillegass, H. Steven Sadowsky, Essentials of Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy:

In general, pharmacotherapy is less effective as a single modality approach than psychotherapy when treating chronic depression with an Axis II disorder.

2011, George M. Kapalka, Pediatricians and Pharmacologically Trained Psychologists, page 7:

(medicine) A method of diagnosis or therapy.


substantia nigra

substantia nigra (plural substantiae nigrae or substantia nigras)

substantiae nigrae (plural)
substantia nigras (plural)

Scientific Latin, from substantia (“substance”) + nigra (“black”).

Their location was established in the 1950s as the substantia nigra, a layer of grey matter in the midbrain.

1997, Roy Porter, The Greatest Benefit to Mankind, Folio Society, published 2016, page 551:

(anatomy) A brain structure located in the mesencephalon (midbrain) that plays an important role in reward, addiction, and movement, damage to which occurs in Parkinson's and Parkinsonian patients.


nucleus accumbens

(neuroanatomy) A dopaminergic nucleus found near the most anterior portion of the caudate nucleus.


tetraploid

From Ancient Greek τετραπλός (tetraplós) + Ancient Greek είδος (eídos).

(genetics) Having four sets of chromosomes.


tenesmus

tenesmus (countable and uncountable, plural tenesmuses)

Borrowing from Medieval Latin tēnesmus, from Ancient Greek τεινεσμός (teinesmós, “vain endeavor to evacuate”), from τείνω (teínō, “to stretch, to pull tight”) + -εσμός (-esmós, nominal suffix).

af

The general complaints of disease among us, were a dizziness in the head, great weakness of the joints, and violent tenesmus, most of us having had no evacuation by stool since we left the ship.

1790, William Bligh, A Narrative of the Mutiny:

(medicine) A continual or recurrent but ineffectual inclination to evacuate the bowels, caused by disorder of the rectum or other illness.


side effect

unintended consequence
unintended consequence

An unintended consequence, or secondary result, of any action, in addition to the main or intended consequence of that action.

(medicine) An unintended consequence of a drug or therapy; usually an adverse effect, not a beneficial effect.


globus pallidus

From Latin globus pallidus (“pale body”).

(neuroanatomy) The inner part of the lenticular nucleus of the brain.


retention

en-noun

retention (countable and uncountable, plural retentions)

From Middle English retencioun, borrowed from Latin retentiō, retentiōnis, from retentus, the perfect passive participle of retineō (“retain”) (from re- (“back, again”) + teneō (“hold, keep”)).

(medicine) The involuntary withholding of urine and faeces.

أُسْر

the involuntary withholding of urine and faeces

(medicine) The length of time a patient remains in treatment.


GBS

Guillain-Barré syndrome
Guillain-Barré syndrome#English

(neurology, pathology) Initialism of Guillain-Barré syndrome.


genetic drift

genetic drift (countable and uncountable, plural genetic drifts)

(genetics, evolutionary theory) An overall shift of allele distribution in an isolated population, due to random fluctuations in the frequencies of individual alleles of the genes.


generalist

general practitioner
general practitioner


glossal

From Ancient Greek γλῶσσᾰ (glôssă, “a tongue”) + -al.

af

(anatomy, rare) Of or relating to the tongue.


depressant

en-noun

depressant (countable and uncountable, plural depressants)

Alcohol acts first as a stimulant and then as a depressant.

The prescription painkiller Emily Jackson took is a respiratory depressant that slows breathing. That in combination with the alcohol, another respiratory depressant, overwhelmed her brain, which stopped giving her heart and lungs the signal to keep functioning.

2012 November 15, Maxwell Newfield, “Prescription drug deaths: Two stories”, in CNN:

On the opposite end of the drug side effect spectrum are downers. This slang term refers to CNS depressants, the types of drugs that produce a sedative effect by slowing down the messages sent and received between the central nervous system and the brain.

2024 April 10 [2020 August 27], Nick B., “Which Drugs Are Uppers And Downers?”, in The Freedom Center:

(pharmacology) A pharmacological substance which decreases neuronal or physiological activity.


depressant

en-adj

depressant (comparative more depressant, superlative most depressant)

more depressant (comparative)
most depressant (superlative)

the conception of the asomatous depressant malaria

1876, Alfred Alexander Woodhull, Studies, chiefly clinical […] :

(pharmacology) Reducing functional or nervous activity.


torsade

en-noun

torsade (countable and uncountable, plural torsades)

Magnesium infusions for atrial fibrillation & torsade http://emcrit.org/pulmcrit/magnesium-infusions-for-atrial-fibrillation-torsade/


facemask

潛水面罩 /潜水面罩

covering used to protect the face used for diving

A covering used to protect or disguise the face.


Tubigrip

(medicine) An elasticated tubular bandage designed to provide support for sprains, strains and weak joints.


midriff

From Middle English midref, mydrif, from Old English midrif, midhrif (“the midriff; diaphragm”), from Proto-West Germanic *middjahrif. Equivalent to mid- + riff.

I stuck it out for about an hour and then, apprised by a hollow feeling in the midriff that the dinner hour was approaching, laid a course for home.

1960, P[elham] G[renville] Wodehouse, chapter XXI, in Jeeves in the Offing, London: Herbert Jenkins, →OCLC:

But by Season 3, she said her patience had fizzled like bad Champagne after Emily grossly mispronounced “bien sûr” (“of course!”), flashed her midriff at the office and mistook George Sand, the French romantic writer, as a man.

2023 January 20, Dan Bilefsky, “American Expatriates in Paris Wish Emily Cooper Would Go Home”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

(anatomy) The middle section of the human torso, from below the chest to above the waist; the abdomen and its back part.

上腹部 (jōfukubu, literally “upper belly portion”)

胴体の中部 (dōtai no chūbu, literally “middle portion of the torso”)


masticatory

From Latin mastico + -atory, the former borrowed from Ancient Greek μαστιχάω (mastikháō, “I gnash the teeth”), from μάσταξ (mástax, “that with which one chews”).

derived

Sneezing, masticatories, and nasals are generally received.

1624, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], The Anatomy of Melancholy: […], 2nd edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC, partition II, section 5, member 1, subsection iv:

(chiefly medicine) Something chewed, originally as a medicine, now typically for pleasure or to increase the flow of saliva.


clinical

en-adj

clinical (comparative more clinical, superlative most clinical)

more clinical (comparative)
most clinical (superlative)

clinical medicine
clinical medicine#Noun

(medicine) Dealing with the practical management of patients, in practice at the point of care; as contrasted with other health care venues (see clinical medicine for more explanation).

pacienta

dealing with how to practically manage patients


octoploid

(genetics) having eight complete sets of chromosomes in a single cell


polyploid

(genetics) Having more than the usual number of complete sets of chromosomes in a single cell.

polyploid

having more than the usual number of complete sets of chromosomes


polyploidy

en-noun

polyploidy (countable and uncountable, plural polyploidies)

From polyploid + -y, after German Polyploidie.

As they mature, the DNA is replicated several times but the cell does not divide, a condition known as polyploidy which allows cells to increase in size.

2011, Terence Allen, Graham Cowling, The Cell: A Very Short Introduction, Oxford, page 90:

This propensity to polyploidy helps account for the diversity (and thus success) of flowering plants, in particular. It is also known that flowering plants sailed majestically through the life-destroying asteroid impact at the end of the Cretaceous period, which did for the dinosaurs and many other animals.

2014 June 28, “Double or quits”, in The Economist, volume 411, number 8893:

(uncountable, genetics) The condition of being polyploid or the process of becoming polyploid.

(countable, genetics) An instance of being polyploid.


stretch mark

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-stretch mark.wav

Nobody in Cameron's family has stretch marks, and he thinks it's because their tissues grow slowly enough for the skin to catch up.

She hadn't even looked pregnant, especially with her clothes on. She'd gotten only one stretch mark. A thin, jagged line on her left booty cheek.

2006, Noire [pseudonym], Thug-A-Licious: An Urban Erotic Tale, New York, N.Y.: One World, Ballantine Books, →ISBN, page 99:

(dermatology) Any of a series of red (or purple or faded), irregular stripes on the surface of the skin caused by rapid growth of the tissues lying just underneath. They may appear as a result of pregnancy, puberty, obesity, rapid muscle growth or family history.


insertion

insertion (countable and uncountable, plural insertions)

(anatomy) The distal end of attachment of a muscle to a bone that will be moved by the muscle.

(genetics) The addition of a nucleotide to a chromosome by mutation.


rigor

rigor (countable and uncountable, plural rigors)

From Old French, from Latin rigor (“stiffness, rigidity, rigor, cold, harshness”), from rigere (“to be rigid”).

der

(medicine) A feeling of cold with shivering accompanied by a rise in body temperature.

Heat always upped the rate at which rigor gripped a corpse.

2005, Jon Courtenay Grimwood, Pashazade, page 4, paragraph 3:

(physiology, informal) Short for rigor mortis.


auscultation

en-noun

auscultation (countable and uncountable, plural auscultations)

/ˌɔːskəlˈteɪʃən/

From Latin auscultātio (“act of listening”).

They thus appeared to be taking her, together, for the moment, and almost for sociability, as prepared to proceed to gratuitous extremities; the upshot of which was in turn, that after much interrogation, auscultation, exploration, much noting of his own sequences and neglecting of hers, had duly kept up the vagueness, they might have struck themselves, or may at least strike us, as coming back from an undeterred but useless voyage to the north pole.

1902, Henry James, The Wings of the Dove:

The movement was also responsible for the recognition of several new signs of death such as fixed, dilated pupils and auscultation of the heart.

1973, David Hendin, Death as a Fact of Life, George J. McLeod, published 1973, page 22:

(medicine) Diagnosis of disorders by listening to the sounds of the internal organs, usually using a stethoscope.

تَسَمُّع

diagnosis by stethoscope or similar auditory device


foreclosure

foreclosure (countable and uncountable, plural foreclosures)

From foreclose by analogy with closure, equivalent to fore- + closure.

(psychoanalysis) The absence of a symbolic father for a fatherless child, as a cause for psychosis.


ductus

Borrowed from Latin ductus (“leading, conducting”, noun). Doublet of duct and douit.

bor

(anatomy) a duct, tube or canal in the body


depersonalization

en-noun

depersonalization (countable and uncountable, plural depersonalizations)

Calque of French dépersonnalisation, equivalent to de- + personalization.

His severe depersonalization causes an aloof demeanor.

(psychiatry) A feeling of being unreal, detached or unable to feel emotion.


beta blocker

From action of drug which blocks beta-adrenergic receptors.

(pharmacology) A blocking agent, one of a class of drugs used to treat hypertension and control the rate at which the heart beats.


CQI

(emergency medicine, initialism) Continuous quality improvement.


TDR

totally drug resistant
totally drug resistant#English

(medicine, pharmacology, pathology) Abbreviation of totally drug resistant.


PCI

(cardiology) Initialism of percutaneous coronary intervention.


hematochezia

(medicine) The presence of fresh (bright red) blood in stools, often due to lower gastrointestinal bleeding.

rectorrhagia

not to be confused; independently of stools


mesoderm

(embryology) One of the three tissue layers in the embryo of a metazoan animal, which will produce, through development, many internal organs of the adult, e.g. muscles, spine and the circulatory system.


endoderm

(anatomy, biology) One of the three tissue layers in the embryo of a metazoan animal, which will produce through development, the digestive system of the adult.


protozoan

protozoan (plural protozoa or protozoans)

/ˌpɹəʊ.təˈzəʊ.ən/

From translingual Protozoa + -an, equivalent to proto- + -zoan.

(cytology) Any of the diverse group of eukaryotes, of the phylum Protozoa, that are primarily unicellular, existing singly or aggregating into colonies, are usually nonphotosynthetic, and are often classified further into phyla according to their capacity for and means of motility, as by pseudopods, flagella, or cilia.

animalcule

both formerly construed as hypernymous, but not in current taxonomy


deltoid

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-deltoid.wav

From Latin deltoideus, which was in turn from Ancient Greek adjective δελτοειδής (deltoeidḗs). See also: δέλτα (délta), the fourth letter of the Greek alphabet.

(anatomy) The deltoid muscle, a triangular muscle on the human shoulder.

(anatomy) The deltoid ligament, a triangular ligament on the human ankle.


obsessive-compulsive disorder

obsessive-compulsive disorder (countable and uncountable, plural obsessive-compulsive disorders)

(medicine, psychology) A mental and behavioral disorder, characterized by obsessive intrusive thoughts and a compulsion to ease the resulting distress by repeating specific routines or rituals, regardless of their interference with other activities.

強迫性障害

きょうはくせいしょうがい


fluoroscope

From fluoro- + -scope, originally after German Fluorescop.

(medicine) A device used to view continuous live X-ray images on a fluorescent screen.


ophthalmoscope

(ophthalmology) An instrument for examining the interior of the eye (that is, for ophthalmoscopy).


otoscope

/ˈəʊ̯təskəʊ̯p/

(medicine) An instrument used for examining the eardrum and interior of the outer ear.


apheresis

apheresis (countable and uncountable, plural aphereses)

/əˈfɪəɹɪsɪs/

/ˌæfəˈɹisɪs/

From Latin aphaeresis, from Ancient Greek ἀφαίρεσις (aphaíresis, “a taking away”), from ἀφαιρέω (aphairéō) (from ἀφ- (aph-), variant of ἀπό (apó, “off, away from”) before an aspirated vowel) + αἱρέω (hairéō, “to take; to snatch”)) + -σις (-sis, suffix forming nouns of action); the grammatical sense developed in Latin.

der

Coordinate term: plasmapheresis

en:blood filtering with return to same patient

(medicine, specific, still current) The removal of blood from a patient, and the removal of certain components (such as platelets) from that blood, followed by the transfusion of the filtered blood back to the donor (patient).

afèresi

medicine: removal, filtering and returning of blood

(medicine, general, obsolete) Extirpation or extraction of a superfluity (especially a pathological one) from the body, especially blood.


antasthmatic

(pharmacology) Relieving the symptoms of asthma.


antasthmatic

(pharmacology) Drug that relieves the symptoms of asthma.

αντιασθματικό

drug that relieves the symptoms of asthma


lamina

en-noun

lamina (plural laminae or (archaic) laminæ or laminas)

laminae (plural)
laminæ (archaic plural)
laminas (plural)

Borrowed from Latin lāmina (“a thin piece of metal, wood, marble; a plate, leaf, layer”). Doublet of lame.

bor

A thin layer, plate, or scale of material.

(anatomy) Either of two broad, flat plates of bone of a vertebra that is fused with and extends from the pedicle to the median line of the neural arch to form the base of the spinous process and that along with the pedicle forms the posterior part of the vertebral foramen.


compressor

From compress + -or, or from New Latin compressor.

(anatomy) A muscle that compresses certain parts.


dipsomania

en-noun

dipsomania (countable and uncountable, plural dipsomanias)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-dipsomania.wav

From dipso- (“thirst; drinking”) + -mania.


pseudogout

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-pseudogout.wav

calcium pyrophosphate
calcium pyrophosphate

(medicine) A medical condition with symptoms resembling gout but caused by precipitation of calcium pyrophosphate crystals in the joints instead of monosodium urate crystals.


calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposition disease (uncountable)

(medicine) A medical condition, also called pseudogout or CPPD, which resembles gout but results from precipitation of crystals in the joints by a different compound.


occiput

Borrowed from Latin occiput (“the back part of the head”). Compare sinciput.

bor

And then came Turbor, who sat quietly and unemotionally through the fifteen minute process, and Munn, who jerked at the first touch of the electrodes, and then spent the session rolling his eyes as though he wished he could turn them backwards and watch through a hole in his occiput.

1953, Isaac Asimov, “9: The Conspirators”, in Second Foundation (Foundation Series), Panther Books Ltd, Part II: Search by the Foundation, page 95:

He wore a large white cotton Nubian shirt, trimmed with red pompons, and shaved his head, except for one lock at the occiput ‘by which Mohammed lifts you up on Judgement Day’.

2002, Alain de Botton, The Art of Travel, published 2008:

(chiefly anatomy) The back part of the head or skull.


-oma

From Ancient Greek -ωμα (-ōma), from verbs in -όω (-óō) + -μα (-ma) (from Proto-Indo-European *-mn̥), which lengthens a preceding vowel.

(pathology) Forming nouns indicating disease or morbidity.

-oom

suffix forming nouns indicating disease or morbidity

(pathology, specifically) Forming nouns indicating tumors or masses, which may be non-neoplastic or (more often) neoplastic, and (if the latter) either benign or cancerous (malignant); in accord with present-day understanding of histopathology, the suffix is now nonproductive for non-neoplastic senses.

-oma

suffix forming nouns indicating tumors or masses


environmentalism

en-noun

environmentalism (countable and uncountable, plural environmentalisms)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-environmentalism.wav

The first is that the present work in no sense represents a relapse toward the old environmentalism which believed it could find the causes of culture in environment.

1939, Alfred L. Kroeber, “Objectives”, in Cultural and Natural Areas of Native North America, published 1963, page 1:

(medicine, social sciences) A theory that views environment, rather than heredity or culture, as the important factor in the development of an individual or group.


mammogram

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-mammogram.wav

If I had found out in 2010, when I had the mammogram, I would not have wanted preventive surgery because I hoped to have another child, and I wanted to breastfeed again.

2023 February 6, Hilary Osborne, “I thought knowing I had the ‘cancer gene’ would cast a shadow over my life. Now I have it, I realise how wrong I was”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:

(medicine) An X-ray picture of the breasts (mammaries), used to screen for breast cancer.


podex

If these native babes went around with their podexes exposed they wouldn't have any because the mosquitoes would eat them off.

1953, Jack Woodford, Writer's Cramp, page 35:

(anatomy, rare) The anus, rectum, or buttocks of a human.


glia

From Ancient Greek γλία (glía), γλοία (gloía, “glue”), γλοιός (gloiós, “a glutinous substance, gum”)

(anatomy) The network of glial cells that supports nervous system tissue.


glioma

(pathology) A tumour that arises from glial cells in the brain or spinal cord


mesothelioma

mesothelioma (countable and uncountable, plural mesotheliomas or mesotheliomata)

mesotheliomas (plural)
mesotheliomata (plural)

(pathology, oncology) An uncommon malignant tumour of the mesothelium, usually of the lungs after exposure to asbestos.


teratoma

teratoma (plural teratomas or teratomata)

/tɛɹəˈtəʊmə/

From German Teratom; equivalent to terato- + -oma.

‘What is a teratoma?’ asked Jack, holding the object in his hand. ‘A kind of grenado?’ ‘It is an inward wen, a tumour: we find them, occasionally, in the abdominal cavity. Sometimes they contain long black hair, sometimes a set of teeth: this has both hair and teeth.’

(pathology) A benign or malignant tumour, especially of the gonads, that arises from germ cells and consists of different types of tissue such as skin, hair, or muscle.


myeloma

(pathology, oncology) A malignant tumour arising from cells of the bone marrow, specifically plasma cells.


fibroma

(pathology) A benign tumour of fibrous connective tissue.


neoplasm

From neo- + plasm, after German Neoplasma.

Other and less common causes for an oromaxillary fistula are infections, cysts and neoplasms of the maxilla which may destroy the intervening bone, resulting in a fistula between the maxillary sinus and the oral cavity.

1947, William Lincoln Ballenger, Howard Charles Ballenger, John Jacob Ballenger, Diseases of the Nose, Throat and Ear, page 208:

While we cannot firmly attribute the cause of the benign neoplasm to the irregularity in your genetic makeup, we can confirm that the progressive damage renders you unable to conceive a child.

2010, BioWare, Mass Effect 2: Lair of the Shadow Broker (Science Fiction), Redwood City: Electronic Arts, PC, scene: Miranda Lawson Dossier: Medical Correspondence:

Angiosarcoma is the most-common differentiated malignant neoplasm of the heart and accounts for 10–15% of primary cardiac malignancies.

2017, Gaballah AH, Jensen CT, “Angiosarcoma: clinical and imaging features from head to toe”, in The British journal of radiology, volume 90, number 1075, British Institute of Radiology, →DOI, →PMID:

(pathology, oncology) An abnormal new growth of disorganized tissue in animals or plants.


atheroma

atheroma (plural atheromas or atheromata)

From Latin athērōma (“tumor/mass full of gruel-like matter”), from Ancient Greek ἀθήρωμα (athḗrōma). By surface analysis, ather- + -oma.

uder

(pathology) An abnormal fatty deposit which develops within the walls of arteries.

(pathology, obsolete) A kind of cyst on the scalp.


ameloblastoma

en-noun

ameloblastoma (plural ameloblastomas or ameloblastomata)

ameloblastomas (plural)
ameloblastomata (plural)

(pathology) A rare benign tumour of the upper or lower jaw.


resectoscope

If there is much fibrosis or sclerosis of the bladder neck, a resectoscope may be used to take a few “bites” of this tissue in much the same manner that a transurethral resection is done on the male prostate.

1951 January, Gordon W. Reynolds, “The Female Urethra and Chronic Urethritis”, in Northwest Medicine, volume 50, number 1, Portland, Ore.: Northwest Medical Publishing Association, page 34:

(surgery) A hollow and flexible surgical instrument typically inserted through the urethra or vagina, used for performing a biopsy or resection at the level of the prostate, uterus, or urinary bladder.


sigmoidoscope

(medicine) An instrument used for examining the sigmoid colon.


blood clot

(hematology, pathology) A clot formed from platelets and other elements; that forms in a blood vessel in a living organism, and causes thrombosis or obstruction of the vessel at its point of formation or travel to other areas of the body.


rhinoplasty

rhinoplasty (countable and uncountable, plural rhinoplasties)

Dr. Sundine specializes in facelifts, necklifts and browlifting, eyelid surgery, as well as rhinoplasty, which involves both technically exacting skill and a keen eye for aesthetic balance.

(medicine, surgery, uncountable) A type of plastic surgery that is used to improve the function (reconstructive surgery) or appearance (cosmetic surgery) of a person's nose.

rinoplàstia

plastic surgery used to improve a person's nose


lateral geniculate nucleus

(neuroanatomy) The nucleus of the thalamus which receives input from the optic tract.


tectum

From Latin tēctum (“roof”), from tegō (“I cover”), cognate with Ancient Greek τέγος (tégos, “roof; any covered room of a house”). Doublet of tect.

(neuroanatomy) The dorsal portion of the midbrain of vertebrates; in mammals, containing the superior colliculus and inferior colliculus


tegmentum

tegmentum (plural tegmentums or tegmenta)

(neuroanatomy) The ventral portion of the midbrain, divided from the tectum by the cerebral aqueduct and the periaqueductal grey

ventral tegmental area
ventral tegmental area

(neuroanatomy) Containing the following nuclei: red nucleus, substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area


cerebral aqueduct

cerebral aqueduct (plural cerebral aqueducts)

(neuroanatomy) The channel in the brain which connects the third ventricle to the fourth ventricle. It is surrounded by the periaqueductal gray.


periaqueductal gray

periaqueductal gray (plural not attested)

Shortening of periaqueductal gray matter.

The periaqueductal gray contains circuits that control the sensorimotor components of rage.

2011, Steven Pinker, The Better Angels of Our Nature, Penguin, published 2012, page 601:

(neuroanatomy) The region surrounding the cerebral aqueduct in the midbrain, playing an important role in analgesia.


superior colliculus

superior colliculus (plural superior colliculi)

(anatomy) A structure on the tectum that receives neural projections directly from the retina. It is the primary area of the brain thought to be involved in saccadic eye movements, and is also thought to be involved in hand-eye coordination.


asbestosis

(pathology) A chronic, inflammatory lung disease caused by long-term, heavy exposure to asbestos.

ազբեստոզ

lung disease caused by exposure to asbestos


fibroid

(pathology) A benign tumour of the uterus that is composed of either fibrous connective tissue or muscle.


myoma

(pathology) A tumor composed of muscle tissue, usually benign and commonly occurring in the uterus and the esophagus.


sclerosis

sclerosis (countable and uncountable, plural scleroses)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-sclerosis.wav

From Ancient Greek σκλήρωσις (sklḗrōsis, “hardening”), from σκληρόω (sklēróō, “to harden”), from σκληρός (sklērós, “hard”); by surface analysis, sclero- + -osis.

der

(pathology) The abnormal hardening of body tissues, such as an artery; the appearance of hardenings, indurations, lesions, nodules.


multiple sclerosis

Ellipsis of multiple cerebral sclerosis, i.e. appearance of hardenings or nodules dispersed throughout parts of the central nervous system, in the brain or spinal cord. Confusingly, at some point during the 20th century most sources started dropping cerebral from the expression, even though sclerosis can occur in the other tissues of the body, in unrelated pathologies.

(pathology) A chronic non-contagious disease of the brain and spinal cord characterized by changes in sensation, visual problems, weakness, depression, difficulties with coordination and speech, impaired mobility and disability.

esclerosi múltiple

chronic disease of the brain and spinal cord


gastritis

en-noun

gastritis (usually uncountable, plural gastritides)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-gastritis.wav

From international scientific vocabulary, reflecting New Latin combining forms: gastr- + -itis, from Ancient Greek γαστήρ (gastḗr).

(pathology, medicine) Inflammation of the lining of the stomach, characterised by nausea, loss of appetite, and upper abdominal discomfort or pain.

classical compound
gastritis
international scientific vocabulary

gastrit

inflammation of the lining of the stomach


cyclotomy

cyclotomy (countable and uncountable, plural cyclotomies)

(medicine) surgical removal of the ciliary muscle


CAB

CAB (countable and uncountable, plural CABs)

(emergency medicine) Initialism of chest compressions, airway and breathing.


cyclo-

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-cyclo-.wav


antidromic

From anti- + Ancient Greek δρόμος (drómos, “a course, race course, road”) + -ic.

af

(neurology, of a nerve impulse) flowing in the opposite direction from normal

antadromach

of a nerve impulse: flowing in the opposite direction from normal


white matter

central nervous system
central nervous system

(neuroanatomy) A region of the central nervous system containing myelinated nerve fibres and no dendrites.


isolated

en-adj

isolated (comparative more isolated, superlative most isolated)

more isolated (comparative)
most isolated (superlative)

A rendering into English of French isolé.

(medicine) Which has been extracted from the organism.


alpha wave

(neurology) An electrical signal produced by the brain while the subject is relaxed.


nip and tuck

en-noun

nip and tuck (plural nip and tucks or nips and tucks)

nip and tucks (plural)
nips and tucks (plural)

Of unknown origin. First use appears c. 1845, in the publication American Whig Review.

I watch the show where Paris Hilton and Nikki Ritchie^([sic]) live the simple life. […] It's makeovers, nip and tucks, and shopping sprees.

2007, Joseph Natoli, This Is a Picture and Not the World: Movies and a Post-9/11 America, SUNY Press, →ISBN, page 252:

(surgery) Minor cosmetic surgery that tightens loose skin.


rhinorrhea

rhinorrhea (countable and uncountable, plural rhinorrheas)

From rhino- + -rrhea, from Ancient Greek: ῥίς (rhís, “nose”) (stem ῥινο (rhino)) with ῥοία (rhoía, “flow”).

(medicine) A persistent discharge of watery mucus from the nose; typical of the common cold.


BCG

Bacille Calmette-Guérin
Bacille Calmette-Guérin

(medicine) Initialism of bacillus of Calmette and Guérin (“Bacille Calmette-Guérin”)., a vaccine for tuberculosis developed by Albert Calmette and Camille Guérin


spina bifida

(pathology) A birth defect resulting in a cleft in the spinal column through which the spinal membranes and spinal cord may protrude. It is characterised by hydrocephalus and other neurological disorders.


spinal column

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-spinal column.wav


spinal canal

(anatomy) The canal which runs down through the vertebrae and contains the spinal cord and spinal meninges.

椎管

canal containing the spinal cord and spinal meninges


meningitis

meningitis (countable and uncountable, plural meningitides)

From Ancient Greek μῆνῐγξ (mênĭnx) + -itis, equivalent to meninge + -itis.

(pathology) Inflammation of the meninges, characterized by headache, neck stiffness and photophobia and also fever, chills, vomiting and myalgia.