acquired

(medicine) Developed after birth; not congenital.


Sleeping Beauty

en-proper noun

Sleeping Beauty (plural Sleeping Beauties)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Sleeping Beauty.wav

In the genetics sense, so called because the transposon was brought back to activity from a long evolutionary sleep.

(genetics) A transposon used in genetic engineering.


per anum

If, however, a man had intercourse with a woman per anum he was at one time liable to be put to death.

1927, Havelock Ellis, Studies in the Psychology of Sex, Volume 2 (of 6):


per orum

From per, borrowing from classical Latin per (“through”), and orum as incorrectly formed accusative of ōs (“mouth”).

(US, medicine) Alternative form of per orem per os; via the mouth; orally


acumen

en-noun

acumen (usually uncountable, plural acumens or acumina)

Borrowed from Latin acūmen (“sharp point”).

The rostrum is the anterior extension of the carapace between the eyes. It ends in a more or less acute tip, or acumen, and may have a lateral spine on each side or bear a longitudinal keel (carina) on the dorsal surface.

c. 1918, University of California, Pamphlets on Biology: Kofoid collection, Volume 1586, page 692:

DIAGNOSIS—Rostrum usually with marginal spines, tubercles, or angles at base of acumen, and rarely with low medina carina.

1981, Horton Holcombe Hobbs, The Crayfishes of Georgia: Issue 318 of Smithsonian contributions to zoology, Smithsonian Institution, page 486:

Variations.—Most specimens examined have concave rostral margins that taper to the acumen and the rostral length is greater than the rostral width.

1993, Biological Society of Washington, Smithsonian Institution, Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, Volume 106, page 351:

(anatomy) A bony, often sharp, protuberance, especially that of the ischium.


acuteness

acuteness (usually uncountable, plural acutenesses)

(medicine) Violence of a disease, which brings it speedily to a crisis.


addiction

addiction (countable and uncountable, plural addictions)

From addict + -ion; compare (Latin) addictio (“an adjudging, an award”).

Do your lethal addictions to self-prescriptions numb the ache of the darkest days?

2019, Thy Art is Murder, Chemical Christ:

(medicine) A state that is characterized by compulsive drug use or compulsive engagement in rewarding behavior, despite negative consequences.


imp

en-verb

imp (third-person singular simple present imps, present participle imping, simple past and past participle imped)

imps (present singular third-person)
imping (participle present)
imped (participle past)
imped (past)

From Middle English impen, ympen (“to plant; (figuratively) to bury; to graft; to add to, insert, put into, set in; to mend (a falcon’s feather) by attaching a new feather on to the broken stump”), from Old English impian, ġeimpian (“to graft”), from Proto-West Germanic *impōn (“to graft”), from Vulgar Latin *imputō (“to graft”), from Ancient Greek ἔμφῠτος (émphŭtos, “implanted; planted”), from ἐμφῠ́ω (emphŭ́ō, “to implant”, from ἐν- (en-, prefix meaning ‘in’) + φῠ́ω (phŭ́ō, “to bring forth, produce; to grow”, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH- (“to appear; to become; to grow”))) + -τος (-tos).

af

ultimately from Proto-Indo-European <i class="Latn mention" lang="ine-pro">*bʰuH-</i> (“to appear; to become; to grow”)

I have known feathers so imped that the eye could not discern the place of juncture, and it was difficult even to discover it by passing the thumb-nail down the shaft of the imped feather.

1900, E[dward] B[lair] Michell, “Accidents and Maladies”, in The Art and Practice of Hawking, London: Methuen & Co. […], →OCLC, page 229:

Bird rehabilitators borrow a trick from falconry with the age-old process of imping flight feathers on to a damaged bird.

2004, Roseann Tomko, Illinois Audubon, Wayne, Ill.: Illinois Audubon Society, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 19, column 1:

[page 246, column 1] Feather damage is a serious problem for any bird. […] Repairing or imping broken feathers is a very good option in these cases and may save months or even a year in captivity. […] [page 250, column 1] Note that a feather can usually only be imped once since it is very difficult or impossible to remove and then replace an imping needle from within a feather shaft after it has been glued in place.

2016, David E. Scott, “Feathers and Aging”, in Raptor Medicine, Surgery and Rehabilitation, 2nd edition, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, Boston, Mass.: CABI, →ISBN, pages 246 and 250:

(falconry, veterinary medicine) To engraft (a feather) on to a broken feather in a bird's wing or tail to repair it; to engraft (feathers) on to a bird, or a bird's wing or tail.


heterosexual

en-adj

heterosexual (comparative more heterosexual, superlative most heterosexual)

more heterosexual (comparative)
most heterosexual (superlative)

/ˌhɛtəɹəˈsɛkʃuəl/

/ˌhɛtəɹoʊˈsɛkʃuəl/

/ˌhɛtəɹəˈsɛkʃuəl/

/ˌhɛtɹəˈsɛkʃuəl/

(obsolete, medicine) Having a sexual desire for the opposite sex seen as unhealthy, including a proclivity for nonreproductive sex.


affection

en-noun

affection (countable and uncountable, plural affections)

From Middle English affection, affeccion, affeccioun, from Old French affection, from Latin affectiōnem, from affectiō; equivalent to affect + -ion.

a pulmonary affection

1834, Samuel George Morton, Illustrations of Pulmonary Consumption:

A heavy clay soil is bad for all neuralgics, and the house should be dry, and on a sandy or gravel soil. The desideratum for all neuralgic affections is perpetual summer […]

1907, The Medical Brief, volume 35, page 840:

(medicine, archaic) A disease; a morbid symptom; a malady.

afecció

(archaic in English) medicine: morbid symptom


pulse

From Late Middle English pulse, Middle English pous, pouse (“regular beat of arteries, pulse; heartbeat; place on the body where a pulse is detectable; beat (of a musical instrument); energy, vitality”) [and other forms], from Anglo-Norman puls, pous, pus, and Middle French pouls, poulz, pous [and other forms], Old French pous, pulz (“regular beat of arteries; place on the body where a pulse is detectable”) (modern French pouls), and from their etymon Latin pulsus (“beat, impulse, pulse, stroke; regular beat of arteries or the heart”), from pellō (“to drive, impel, propel, push; to banish, eject, expel; to set in motion; to strike”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *pel- (“to beat, strike; to drive; to push, thrust”)) + -sus (a variant of -tus (suffix forming action nouns from verbs)).

nb...

pouce, pounce, pouns, pounse, pousse, pouz, puls

der

A normally regular beat felt when arteries near the skin (for example, at the neck or wrist) are depressed, caused by the heart pumping blood through them.

puls

normally regular beat felt when arteries near the skin are depressed, caused by the heart pumping blood through them

Her pulse was thready and weak.

[A] Pulſe which is ſlow and large denotes ſufficient remains of ſtrength, tenſion, and thickneſs of the fibres of the heart and arteries, and a viſcid and tenacious blood. All unequal Pulſes are very bad, ſince they denote that there is neither a due influx of the ſpirits, nor a proper and equal mixture of the blood; but particularly ſuch Pulſes always prognoſticate unlucky events, when they are weak.

1764, “№ XXVII. A Dissertation on the Pulse, and the Dijudication Drawn therefrom.”, in The Medical Museum: Or, A Repository of Cases, Experiments, Researches, and Discoveries Collected at Home and Abroad […], volume III, London: […] W. Richardson and S. Clark; and sold by W. Bristow, […], →OCLC, page 216:

[M]y experience is that men may enjoy better health, do more work, have clearer brains, a steadier pulse, and go on to old age better without alcohol than with.

1870 May 21, Thomas Cash, “United Kingdom Band of Hope Union. Annual Conference.”, in The Temperance Record. The Organ of the National Temperance League, number 738, London: William Tweedie, […], →OCLC, page 247, column 2:

The nature or rate of this beat as an indication of a person's health.


maneuver

From Middle French manœuvre (“manipulation, maneuver”) and manouvrer (“to maneuver”), from Old French manovre (“handwork, manual labor”), from Medieval Latin manopera, manuopera (“work done by hand, handwork”), from manu (“by hand”) + operari (“to work”). First recorded in the Capitularies of Charlemagne (800 AD) to mean "chore, manual task", probably as a calque of the Frankish *handwerc (“hand-work”). Compare Old English handweorc, Old English handġeweorc, German Handwerk. The verb is a doublet of the verb manure.

مُنَاوَرَة

a movement, often one performed with difficulty

The otorhinolaryngologist performed an Epley maneuver and the patient was relieved of his vertigo.

(medicine) A specific medical or surgical movement, often eponymous, done with the doctor's hands or surgical instruments.


cadaver

Recorded since c.1500, learned borrowing from Latin cadāver.

“Then my first year of med school, we got our first cadavers, and there was so much data inside. You can be sure a patient will lie about how much they drink or how much they smoke, but with a cadaver, all the information is there.”

2020, Raven Leilani, Luster, Picador (2021), page 98:

(literary, medicine) A dead body; especially the corpse of a human to be dissected.


aggressive

en-adj

aggressive (comparative more aggressive, superlative most aggressive)

more aggressive (comparative)
most aggressive (superlative)

From aggress + -ive. Compare with French agressif.

rīrā

Spreading rapidly of a disease or tumour

(pathology, of a tumour or disease) That spreads quickly or extensively; virulent; malignant.


ague

en-noun

ague (countable and uncountable, plural agues)

From Middle English agu, ague, borrowed from Middle French (fievre) aguë, “acute (fever)” (Modern French fièvre aiguë), from Late Latin (febris) acuta (“acute fever”), from Latin acūtus (“sharp, acute”) + febris (“fever”).
Doublet of acute.

He had to capture some character and get out of that rest room before his ague got so bad that the sergeant had to carry him to and from the booth every day.

1963 (date written), John Kennedy Toole, chapter 8, in A Confederacy of Dunces, London: Penguin Books, published 1980 (1981 printing), →ISBN, page 163:

He shivered all the while so violently, that it was quite as much as he could do to keep the neck of the bottle between his teeth, without biting it off.
 “I think you have got the ague,” said I.
 “I’m much of your opinion, boy,” said he.
“It’s bad about here,” I told him. “You’ve been lying out on the meshes, and they’re dreadful aguish. Rheumatic too.”

1860 December – 1861 August, Charles Dickens, chapter III, in Great Expectations […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), London: Chapman and Hall, […], published October 1861, →OCLC:

Ague and lake fever had attacked our new settlement. The men in the shanty were all down with it, and my husband was confined to his bed on each alternate day, unable to raise hand or foot, and raving in the delirium of the fever.

1852, Susanna Moodie, Roughing it in the Bush: or, Forest Life in Canada:

’Twere hard to say who fared the best:
 Sad mortals! thus the Gods still plague you!
 He lost his labour, I my jest:
For he was drowned, and I’ve the ague

1810, Lord Byron, Written after Swimming from Sestos to Abydos:

(pathology) An intermittent fever, attended by alternate cold and hot fits.


chord

Variant of cord, with spelling alteration due to Latin chorda (“cord”), ultimately from Ancient Greek χορδή (khordḗ, “string of gut, the string of a lyre”). No relation to French accord (“chord”) and its derivations.


alterative

From Latin alterativum, noun use of alterativus.

Amongst this number of cordials and alteratives I do not find a more present remedy than a cup of wine or strong drink, if it be soberly and opportunely used.

1624, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], The Anatomy of Melancholy: […], 2nd edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC, partition II, section 5, member 1, subsection v:

(medicine, now historical) A medicine or treatment which works by changing processes within the body, rather than by evacuating something etc.


alterative

en-adj

alterative (comparative more alterative, superlative most alterative)

more alterative (comparative)
most alterative (superlative)

(medicine) Gradually changing, or tending to change, a morbid state into a healthy one.


superficial

superficial (comparative more superficial, superlative most superficial)

more superficial (comparative)
most superficial (superlative)

Borrowing from Late Latin superficiālis (“of or belonging to the surface”), from superficiēs (“top, surface”) + -ālis (“-al”, adjectival suffix).

pintapuolinen

not thorough, concerned with the obvious or apparent

superficial muscles

The epidermis is superficial to the subcutis.

(relational) Existing, occurring, or located on the surface.

(anatomy, relational, often with to) Closer to the surface of the body; especially, situated or occurring on the skin or immediately beneath it.


exclude

en-verb

exclude (third-person singular simple present excludes, present participle excluding, simple past and past participle excluded)

excludes (present singular third-person)
excluding (participle present)
excluded (participle past)
excluded (past)

Borrowed from Latin exclūdō, from prefix ex- (“out”) + variant form of verb claudō (“close”).

(transitive, medicine) To eliminate from diagnostic consideration.

uitsluiten

medicine: to eliminate from diagnostic consideration


intensive

en-adj

intensive (comparative more intensive, superlative most intensive)

more intensive (comparative)
most intensive (superlative)

The adjective is derived from Late Middle English intensive (“fervent, great, intense”), borrowed from Old French intensif, intensive (modern French intensif) + Middle English -ive (suffix meaning ‘of the nature of, relating to’ forming adjectives), equivalent to intense + -ive. Intensif is from Medieval Latin intēnsīvus, from Latin intēnsus (“attentive; eager, intent; intensive”) + -īvus (suffix forming adjectives with the sense ‘doing; related to doing’); and intēnsus is the perfect passive participle of intendō (“to stretch out, strain”), from in- (prefix meaning ‘to, towards’) + tendō (“to extend, stretch, stretch out”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *tend- (“to extend, stretch”)). Doublet of intend.
The noun is derived from the adjective.

напрегнат

using something with intensity; requiring a great amount of something — see also demanding

She was moved to the intensive-care unit of the hospital.

Chiefly suffixed to a noun: using something with intensity; requiring a great amount of something; demanding.

(medicine) Chiefly in intensive care: of care or treatment: involving a great degree of life support, monitoring, and other forms of effort in order to manage life-threatening conditions.


influenza

en-noun

influenza (countable and uncountable, plural influenzas or influenze)

desc

ইনফ্লুয়েঞ্জা

→ Bengali: ইনফ্লুয়েঞ্জা (inphluẏenja)

→ Korean: 인플루엔자 (inpeulluenja)

→ Zulu: imfuluwenza

From Italian influenza (“influence”), from Latin influentia. Doublet of influence.

In early 1919 the Board also issued a film, Dr Wise on Influenza, in which a character called 'Brown' spreads the disease by enacting poor behaviours.
This did address transport - by boarding a crowded omnibus, "Brown may be scattering germs throughout the carriage and giving influenza to a number of people".

2020 April 8, Dr David Turner, “How railway staff were conduits and victims of a pandemic”, in Rail, page 32:

(pathology) An acute contagious disease of the upper airways and lungs, caused by a virus, which rapidly spreads around the world in seasonal epidemics.

إِنْفْلُوَنْزَا

an acute contagious disease of the upper airways and lungs


gene

From German Gen, from Ancient Greek γενεά (geneá, “generation, descent”), from the aorist infinitive of γίγνομαι (gígnomai, “I come into being”). Coined by Danish botanist Wilhelm Ludwig Johannsen in 1909, in a German-language publication, from the last syllable of pangene.

coin

The US supreme court has ruled unanimously that natural human genes cannot be patented, a decision that scientists and civil rights campaigners said removed a major barrier to patient care and medical innovation.

2013 June 21, Karen McVeigh, “US rules human genes can't be patented”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 2, page 10:

(genetics) A theoretical unit of heredity of living organisms; a gene may take several values and in principle predetermines a precise trait of an organism's form (phenotype), such as hair color.


candle

en-verb

candle (third-person singular simple present candles, present participle candling, simple past and past participle candled)

candles (present singular third-person)
candling (participle present)
candled (participle past)
candled (past)

From Middle English candel, from Old English candel (“candle”), borrowed from Latin candēla (“candle”), from Latin candeō (“be white, bright, shining”, verb); see candid. Doublet of candela and chandelle.

der

(embryology, transitive) To observe the growth of an embryo inside (an egg), using a bright light source.


chandelier

/ˌʃæn.dəˈlɪə(ɹ)/

/ˌʃæn.dəˈlɪɚ/

Borrowed from French chandelier, from Latin candelabrum, from candela (“a candle”). Doublet of candelabrum. See also candle.

not the brightest bulb in the chandelier

(surgery) An endoilluminator used in eye surgery.


yard

en-noun

yard (plural yards or (UK colloquial) yard)

yards (plural)
yard (UK colloquial plural)

rod (unit)
yard
yard (disambiguation)
yard (sailing)
yardland

From Middle English ȝerde, yerd, ȝerd, from Old English ġierd (“branch; rod, staff; measuring stick; yardland”), from Proto-West Germanic *gaʀd, from Proto-Germanic *gazdaz. Cognate with Dutch gard (“twig”), German Gerte and probably related to Latin hasta (“spear”).

ráhno

nautical: tapered timber from which square sails hang

there were some people found who tooke pleasure to unhood the end of their yard, and to cut off the fore-skinne after the manner of the Mahometans and Jewes[…].

1603, Michel de Montaigne, chapter 12, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], book II, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC:

[T]he testicles are quite exposed, but they wrap a piece of cloth or leafe round the yard which they tye up to the belly to a cord or bandage which they wear round the waist just under the short ribbs and over the belly and so tight that it was a wonder to us how they could endure it.

1774, James Cook, The Journals, Second Voyage, 23 July


genotype

/ˈdʒɛnəʊˌtaɪp/

/ˈd͡ʒɛnəˌtaɪp/

(genetics) The part (DNA sequence) of the genetic makeup of an organism which determines a specific characteristic (phenotype) of that organism.

genotip

DNA sequence which determines a specific characteristic


phenotype

From pheno- + -type. (Date to be specified). From Ancient Greek φαίνω (phaínō, “to shine, to show, to appear”) and Ancient Greek τύπος (túpos, “mark, type”).

derived

(genetics, evolutionary theory) The appearance of an organism based on a multifactorial combination of genetic traits and environmental factors, especially used in pedigrees.

(genetics, evolutionary theory) Any observable characteristic of an organism, such as its morphological, developmental, biochemical or physiological properties, or its behavior.


allele

Borrowed from German Allel, shortened from Allelomorph, from English allelomorph. Ultimately from the Ancient Greek prefix ἀλληλ- (allēl-) from ἄλλος (állos, “other”).

Genes are competing directly with their alleles for survival, since their alleles in the gene pool are rivals for their slot on the chromosomes of future generations. Any gene that behaves in such a way as to increase its own survival chances in the gene pool at the expense of its alleles will, by definition, tautologously, tend to survive.

1976, Richard Dawkins, The Selfish Gene, Kindle edition, OUP Oxford, published 2016, page 46:

Plant breeding is always a numbers game.[…]The wild species we use are rich in genetic variation, and individual plants are highly heterozygous and do not breed true. In addition, we are looking for rare alleles, so the more plants we try, the better.

2013 May-June, David Van Tassel, Lee DeHaan, “Wild Plants to the Rescue”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 3:

(genetics) One of a number of alternative forms of the same gene occupying a given position, or locus, on a chromosome.


angular

From Middle English angular, anguler, from Latin angulāris, from angulus (“angle, corner”). See angle.

(anatomy) A bone in the base of the lower jaw of many birds, reptiles, and fishes.


sessile

From Latin sessilis (“sitting”), from sessus, perfect passive participle of verb sedeō (“to sit”), + adjective suffix -ilis. Compare session.

The pileus is sessile, or sometimes narrowed at the base into a short stem, the caps often numerous and crowded together in an overlapping or imbricate manner.

1903, George Francis Atkinson, chapter VII, in Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc., 2nd edition, New York: Henry Holt:

The sporophyte foot is also characteristic: it is very broad and more or less lenticular or disciform, as broad or broader than the calyptra stalk[…], and is sessile on the calyptra base[…]

1992, Rudolf M[athias] Schuster, The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America: East of the Hundredth Meridian, volume V, Chicago, Ill.: Field Museum of Natural History, →ISBN, page 5:

(botany, oncology) Attached directly by the base; not having an intervening stalk; stalkless.


anxiety

en-noun

anxiety (countable and uncountable, plural anxieties)

From Latin anxietās, from anxius (“anxious, solicitous, distressed, troubled”), from angō (“to distress, trouble”), akin to Ancient Greek ἄγχω (ánkhō, “to choke”). Equivalent to anxious + -ety. See anger; angst.

(pathology) A state of restlessness and agitation, often accompanied by a distressing sense of oppression or tightness in the stomach.


fraternal

en-adj

fraternal (comparative more fraternal, superlative most fraternal)

more fraternal (comparative)
most fraternal (superlative)

PIE word
 *bʰréh₂tēr
Borrowed from Middle French fraternel, from Medieval Latin frāternālis (“fraternal”), from Latin frāternus (“of or pertaining to a brother, fraternal”), from frāter (“brother”).

der

Seventy percent of twins are fraternal and result from fertilization of two separate ova by two different sperm.

2012, Leonard Crowley, An Introduction to Human Disease: Pathology and Pathophysiology Correlations, page 471:

Because each egg and each sperm of a fraternal zygote contain slightly different genetic material, these two embryos do not have identical genetic makeups.

2012, James Luce, Chasing Davis: An Atheist's Guide to Morality Using Logic and Science:

The rate of natural fraternal embryo fusion is not well documented.

2015, Sheldon Krimsky, Stem Cell Dialogues: A Philosophical and Scientific Inquiry Into Medical Frontiers, page 120:

(genetics) Of twins or embryos, produced from two different eggs and sperm, and genetically distinct.

erimunainen

genetics: of twins or embryos, produced from two different eggs and sperm, and genetically distinct


vertex

Late Middle English, borrowed from Latin vertex (“whirl, eddy; top, crown, peak, summit”). Doublet of vortex.

Mathworld article on vertices of polyhedra

Mathworld article on vertices of polygons

The highest point, top or apex of something.

(anatomy) The highest surface on the skull; the crown of the head.


adenine

en-noun

adenine (countable and uncountable, plural adenines)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-adenine.wav

From German Adenin, from Ancient Greek ἀδήν (adḗn, “gland”). By surface analysis, aden- + -ine. It was named in 1885 by the German biochemist Albrecht Kossel, in reference to the pancreas (a specific gland) from which Kossel's sample had been extracted.

One of these labels is ethenoadenine, which is obtained by chemical modification of adenine.

2002, Nikolai L. Vekshin, Photonics of Biopolymers, page 115:

There are two genes in the adenine biosynthetic pathway of yeast (ADE1 and ADE2) that, apart from producing an absolute requirement for adenine when mutant, also produce a change in colony color.

2006, David Markie, “1: Markers, Selection, and Media in Yeast Artificial Chromosome Cloning”, in Alasdair MacKenzie, editor, YAC Protocols, 2nd edition, page 2:

The HCN pentamer, adenine (a constituent of DNA, RNA and many coenzymes), is one of the most abundant biochemical molecules.

2010, Debjani Roy, Rogué Schleyer, “6: Chemical Origin of Life: How do Five HCN Molecules Combine to form Adenine under Prebiotic and Interstellar Conditions”, in Chérif F. Matta, editor, Quantum Biochemistry, page 202:

(biochemistry, genetics) A base, C₅H₅N₅, found in certain glands and tissues, which pairs with thymine in DNA and uracil in RNA.

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate


thymine

thymine (countable and uncountable, plural thymines)

From thymus + -ine.
Thymine was first isolated in 1893 by Albrecht Kossel and Albert Neumann from calves' thymus glands, hence its name.

Then he found them, the substances that made up the four-letter alphabet in whose language all life is written — adenine and cytosine, guanine and thymine.

1997, Ian McEwan, Enduring Love, Vintage (1998), page 164:

In a recent paper on homopyrimidine decamers containing aeg-monomers and thymine monomers with a sulfomethyl substituent at the γ-position, similar triplexes has also been described [43 ].

2015 October 16, “Polyanionic Carboxyethyl Peptide Nucleic Acids ( ce -PNAs): Synthesis and DNA Binding”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry, genetics) A heterocyclic base, 5-methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione; it pairs with adenine in DNA.

胸腺嘧啶

organic chemistry, genetics: heterocyclic base, 5-methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione


gland

Late 17th century borrowing from French glande, alteration of Old French glandre, from Latin glandulae (“throat glands, tonsils”), plural of glandula (“a little acorn”), from glāns (“an acorn”) + -ula (diminutive nominal suffix).

gjendër

organ that synthesizes and secretes substance

(zoology) A specialized cell, group of cells, or organ of endothelial origin in the human or animal body that synthesizes a chemical substance, such as hormones or breast milk, and releases it, often into the bloodstream (endocrine gland) or into cavities inside the body or its outer surface (exocrine gland).

(anatomy) A structure resembling a gland, especially a lymph node.


anosmic

en-adj

anosmic (comparative more anosmic, superlative most anosmic)

more anosmic (comparative)
most anosmic (superlative)

He had an anosmic patient who was very fond of the bouquet of moselle. […] One gentleman fell from his horse, fractured the ethmoid bone, and became anosmic.

1870 February 12, William Ogle, “Anosmia; Cases Illustrating the Physiology and Pathology of the Sense of Smell”, in James G. Wakley, editor, The Lancet: A Journal of British and Foreign Medicine, Physiology, Surgery, Chemistry, Criticism, Literature and News, volume I, number 2424, London: Published by John James Croft, at the office of "The Lancet," 423, Strand, →OCLC, page 231, column 1:

The possible influence of various sensory factors in migration was tested by Dodson and Leggett (1974) who compared the behaviour of ultrasonically tagged control shad with ones which had been blinded, or had the olfactory system occluded (anosmic fish), or had been subjected to both these operations. […] Both blind and blind/anosmic fish orientated into the tidal current and altered their swimming speed in relation to the speed of the tide as did intact fish.

1982, J. H. S. Blaxter, J. R. Hunter, “The Biology of Clupeoid Fishes”, in J. H. S. Blaxter, Frederick S[tratten] Russell, Maurice Yonge, editors, Advances in Marine Biology, volume 20, London, New York, N.Y.: Academic Press, →ISBN, pages 124–125:

As a first step in determining the degree of involvement of other sensory systems in the smell deficits of anosmic patients, a retrospective study was undertaken to determine if these patients could separate trigeminal and nontrigeminal odorants. […] The results of this analysis demonstrated […] that anosmic patients could separate ammonia and vinegar from the other eight odorants of the OCM [Odorant Confusion Matrix], even though these odorants are usually not correctly identified.

1994, David E. Hornung, Daniel Kurtz, Steven L. Youngentob, “Anosmic Patients Can Trigeminal and Nontrigeminal Stimulants”, in K[enzo] Kurihara, N[oriyo] Suzuki, H[isashi] Ogawa, editors, Olfaction and Taste XI: Proceedings of the 11th International Symposium on Olfaction and Taste and of the 27th Japanese Symposium on Taste and Smell: Joint Meeting Held at Kosei-nenkin Kaikan, Sapporo, Japan, July 12–16, 1993, Tokyo, Berlin, New York, N.Y.: Springer-Verlag, →ISBN, page 635:

Klopfer and Gamble (1966) gave 16 female goats (C. hircus) 5 min of contact with their young at parturition. Nine of the mothers had been temporarily rendered anosmic (could not smell) at parturition by spraying a 10% cocaine hydrogen chloride solution into their nostrils 20–90 min prior to parturition. […] Eight of the nine females who were anosmic at parturition but could smell at reintroduction accepted their own offspring, as well as alien young during reinstatement.

2008, Edward O. Price, “Maternal and Neonatal Behavior”, in Principles and Applications of Domestic Animal Behavior: An Introductory Text, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, Cambridge, Mass.: CABI, →ISBN, page 149:

(pathology) Having anosmia; lacking a sense of smell.


anosmic

A person who has lost the sense of smell (an anosmic) is deprived of more than pleasurable sensations, for it has been argued that as the environment becomes more polluted what the nose knows may have to be taken seriously[…].

1982, Trygg Engen, “Introduction”, in The Perception of Odors (Academic Press Series in Cognition and Perception), New York, N.Y., London: Academic Press, →ISBN, page 1:

An anosmic will be able to taste the sweetness of an apple or a pear but will be unable to distinguish between their flavors or be able to taste chocolate.

2006, Richard L. Doty, Steven M. Bromley, Windolyn D. Panganiban, “Olfactory Function and Dysfunction”, in Byron J. Bailey, Jonas T. Johnson, Shawn D. Newlands, editors, Head & Neck Surgery – Otolaryngology, 4th edition, volume 1, Philadelphia, Pa.: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, →ISBN, page 298, column 1:

The emotional consequences of smell loss are often underestimated, particularly in the medical community. Anosmics show varying degrees of depressive symptoms, such as feelings of helplessness, isolation in their condition, sad mood, loss of independence, and fatigue. Depression is common among patients with smell dysfunction. One-fifth of a sample of anosmics scored in the clinically depressed range on a depression measure, […]

2011, Tim Jacob, “The Science of Taste and Smell”, in Francesca Bacci, David Melcher, editors, Art and the Senses, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 202:

(pathology) A person with anosmia; a person lacking a sense of smell.


convulsion

1850-1859, Charles Dickens, Household Words
That immortal creature had gone over the proofs with great pains — had of course taken out the stiflings — hard-plungings, lungeings, and other convulsions — and had also taken out her weakenings and damagings of her own effects.

(medicine) An intense, paroxysmal, involuntary muscular contraction.


functional

functional (comparative more functional, superlative most functional)

more functional (comparative)
most functional (superlative)

/ˈfʌŋkt͡ʃənəl/

(medicine) Of a disease, such that its symptoms cannot be referred to any appreciable lesion or change of structure; opposed to organic disease, in which the organ itself is affected.


discussion

en-noun

discussion (countable and uncountable, plural discussions)

From Old French discussion, from Late Latin discussiō, from Latin discutiō. By surface analysis, discuss + -ion.

(medicine, obsolete) The dispersion of a tumour.


adduct

en-verb

adduct (third-person singular simple present adducts, present participle adducting, simple past and past participle adducted)

adducts (present singular third-person)
adducting (participle present)
adducted (participle past)
adducted (past)

Borrowed from Latin adductus, past participle of adduco. See adduce.

Coordinate term: circumduct

(transitive, physiology) To draw towards a center or a middle line.


drop

From Late Middle English droppe, Middle English drope (“small quantity of liquid; small or least amount of something; pendant jewel; dripping of a liquid; a shower; nasal flow, catarrh; speck, spot; blemish; disease causing spots on the skin”) [and other forms], from Old English dropa (“a drop”), from Proto-West Germanic *dropō (“drop (of liquid)”), from Proto-Germanic *drupô (“drop (of liquid)”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰrewb- (“to crumble, grind”).

nb...

dropan, droupe, (Northern England) droipe

piisk

very small quantity of liquid, or of anything

piisk

that which hangs or resembles a liquid globule

pudotettu esine

(online gaming, video games) item dropped by a defeated enemy

langemine

decline in degree, quality, quantity, or rate

afgrond

distance through which something drops, or falls below a certain level

My first treatment consisted of one eye drop in each eye which was supposed to determine the condition of the eye and make it easier to examine them the next day.

1986, Eugene Tinory, Journey from Ammeah: The Story of a Lebanese Immigrant, Brattleboro, Vt.: Amana Books, →ISBN, page 96:

The eye is able to hold only about 20 percent of the amount of fluid in a standard eye drop. Therefore, put only one eye drop in your eye at a time. If you have been instructed to use more than one eye drop, wait about 5 minutes between the drops. This will allow more of the drops to be absorbed and will reduce waste.

2009, Mark A[llan] Goldstein, Myrna Chandler Goldstein, Larry P. Credit, “Glaucoma [Tipes for Using Eye Drops]”, in Your Best Medicine: From Conventional and Complementary Medicine—Expert-endorsed Therapeutic Solutions to Relieve Symptoms and Speed Healing, New York, N.Y.: Rodale Books, →ISBN, part 2 (The Best Medicine for 81 Common Health Concerns), page 234, column 1:

(also figuratively) A small quantity of liquid, just large enough to hold its own round shape through surface tension, especially one that falls from a source of liquid.

(pharmacology) A dose of liquid medicine in the form of a drop (sense 1).

tilk

ear drops    eye drops

(pharmacology, chiefly in the plural) A liquid medicine that is intended to be administered in drops (sense 1).

tippa

liquid medicine intended to be administered in drops


drop

en-verb

drop (third-person singular simple present drops, present participle dropping, simple past and past participle dropped or (archaic) dropt)

drops (present singular third-person)
dropping (participle present)
dropped (participle past)
dropped (past)
dropt (archaic participle past)
dropt (archaic past)

From Middle English droppen, dropen (“to fall in drops, drip or trickle down; to scatter, sprinkle; to be covered with a liquid; to give off moisture; of an object: to drop, fall; of a living being: to fall to the ground”) [and other forms], from Old English dropian, droppian (“to drop”), from dropa (“a drop”) (see further at etymology 1) + -ian (suffix forming verbs from adjectives and nouns).

спадам

to decrease, diminish, or lessen in condition, degree, value, etc.

laskea

to move to a lower position; to allow to hang downwards — see also lower

laskea

to lower (a sound, a voice, etc.) in pitch or volume

(intransitive, physiology, informal) Of the testicles: to hang further away from the body and begin producing sperm due to puberty.

laskeutua

of the testicles: to hang further away from the body and begin producing sperm due to puberty


SSRI

Considering mental illness an individual chemico-biological problem has enormous benefits for capitalism. First, it reinforces Capital’s drive towards atomistic individualization (you are sick because of your brain chemistry). Second, it provides an enormously lucrative market in which multinational pharmaceutical companies can peddle their pharmaceuticals (we can cure you with our SSRIs).

2009, Mark Fisher, chapter 5, in Capitalist Realism: Is There No Alternative?, Zero Books, →ISBN, page 36:

Based on previous data, here we sought to test the hypothesis that exposure to SSRIs would alter the proliferation and apoptosis of perisutural cells at the cellular and transcription levels.

2015 October 3, “Effects of Citalopram on Sutural and Calvarial Cell Processes”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor#English

(medicine) Initialism of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor.

(medicine) Initialism of serotonin-specific reuptake inhibitor.

СИОЗС

any of a class of drugs that inhibit the uptake of serotonin in the central nervous system


IO

(emergency medicine) Abbreviation of intraosseous.


ASA

acetylsalicylic acid
acetylsalicylic acid#English

(pharmacology, uncountable) Initialism of acetylsalicylic acid. (aspirin)


CAD

en-noun

CAD (countable and uncountable, plural CADs)

coronary artery disease
coronary artery disease#English

(medicine) Initialism of coronary artery disease.

2017, Sunjoo Bang et al, "Quad-phased data mining modeling for dementia diagnosis" in BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, 17(Supp1):60, at Abstract>Background.
Therefore, there are various researches to improve a dementia diagnosis process in the field of computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) technology.

(medicine) Initialism of computer-aided diagnosis.

cold agglutinin disease
cold agglutinin disease#English

(medicine) Initialism of cold agglutinin disease.


RF

RF (countable and uncountable, plural RFs)

rheumatoid factor
rheumatoid factor#English

(pathology) Initialism of rheumatoid factor.


IC

interstitial cystitis
w:Interstitial cystitis

(medicine) Initialism of interstitial cystitis (a type of chronic pain that affects the urinary bladder).


IC

IC (countable and uncountable, plural ICs)

(medicine, uncountable) Initialism of intensive care.

(immunology) Initialism of immune complex.


urinate

en-verb

urinate (third-person singular simple present urinates, present participle urinating, simple past and past participle urinated)

urinates (present singular third-person)
urinating (participle present)
urinated (participle past)
urinated (past)

/ˈjʊəɹɪneɪt/

/ˈjʊəɹɪneɪt/

Borrowed from Medieval Latin urinātus, perfect passive participle of urinō (“urinate”) (see -ate (verb-forming suffix)), equivalent to urine + -ate. Compare French uriner.

Our new puppy still urinates on the carpet, but we're housebreaking her.

Boys on their campsite should avoid urinating within 200 feet of the lake.

See that the bladder is emptied just before he goes to bed. Wake him once or twice during the night, and have him urinate.

1877, John Harvey Kellogg, Plain Facts for Old and Young:

(intransitive, urology) To pass urine from the body.


apoplexy

en-noun

apoplexy (countable and uncountable, plural apoplexies)

Late Middle English from Old French apoplexie, from Late Latin apoplexia, from Ancient Greek ἀποπληξία (apoplēxía, “madness; apoplexy, paralysis”), from ἀποπλήσσω (apoplḗssō, “to cripple by a stroke”) + -ία (-ía, nominal suffix). See plague.

af

(medicine, dated) Unconsciousness or incapacity resulting from a cerebral hemorrhage or stroke.

(medicine) Gross hemorrhage into a cavity or into the substance of an organ.


hospitalize

en-verb

hospitalize (third-person singular simple present hospitalizes, present participle hospitalizing, simple past and past participle hospitalized)

hospitalizes (present singular third-person)
hospitalizing (participle present)
hospitalized (participle past)
hospitalized (past)

(medicine, archaic) To render (a building) unfit for habitation, by long continued use as a hospital.

Shortly after World War I started, a painful arthritis in his knees hospitalized him.

1980, Philip José Farmer, The Magic Labyrinth, Tor, published 2010, →ISBN, page 129:

He fought on the ever-retreating front until July, 1943, without injury but then took a bullet in his helmet, his first wound, which hospitalized him for four weeks. […] ¶ […] ¶ […] Hospitalized again, he was later assigned to a supply unit until again hospitalized by a deep infection behind his knee.

1996, “The Life, the Survival and the Triumph of Franz Gabl of St. Anton”, in Skiing Heritage: Journal of the International Skiing History Association, Volume 8, Number 2 (Spring/Summer 1996), ISSN 1082-2895, page 38

My father had begun his long, slow decline long before that, but subsequently, on each of the anniversaries of her death, he had suffered increasingly debilitating crises that had hospitalized him and left him still more frail than before.

2005, Timothy O’Grady, On Golf: The Game, the Players, and a Personal History of Obsession, St. Martin’s Press, published 2006, →ISBN, page 199:

(of an injury, illness, event, or person) To cause (a person) to require hospitalization.

For example, just this month in Los Angeles a Jewish school principal was beaten and hospitalized by angry Hispanics who were upset because the mostly-Latino school their kids went to didn't also have a Hispanic principal.

1999 February 24, Alan Earle, “Re: Asinine excuse for breeding...”, in alt.support.childfree (Usenet):

One teacher in a Rochester, NY, school was hospitalized by an angry parent who came to school and attacked the teacher.

2001, Richard L. Curwin, Allen N. Mendler, Discipline with Dignity, Merrill, →ISBN, page 198:

My step-brother, on his mission, was hospitalized by an angry inactive mormon.

2007 September 3, john p, “Re: I Finally Watched September Dawn”, in alt.religion.mormon (Usenet):


urine

en-noun

urine (usually uncountable, plural urines)

From Middle English uryne, from Latin ūrīna (“urine”), from Proto-Indo-European *uh₁r-, zero grade of *woh₁-r̥ (“water, liquid, milk”). Related to *h₁ówHdʰr̥ (“udder”) (see udder). Cognate with Old English ūriġ (“wet, moist”). Displaced native English land (“urine”), (Middle English land, from Old English hland (“urine”)).

An artificial kidney these days still means a refrigerator-sized dialysis machine. Such devices mimic the way real kidneys cleanse blood and eject impurities and surplus water as urine.

2013 June 1, “A better waterworks”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8838, page 5 (Technology Quarterly):

(physiology) Liquid waste consisting of water, salts, and urea, which is made in the kidneys, stored in the bladder, then released through the urethra.


urinal

From Middle English urinal, urynal, orynal, from Old French urinal, orinal (“vessel for urination”), from Latin ūrīnālis (“urinary”). Use for plumbing fixtures attested from 1851.

/ˈjʉːəɹɪnəl/

A device or fixture used for urination, particularly:

(historical medicine and alchemy) A glass vial used for examining or storing urine.


anus

First attested in 1658, borrowed from Middle French anus or its etymon Latin ānus (“ring, anus”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eh₂no- (“ring”). See also anal, annular, annelid.

(anatomy) The orifice of the rectum in most mammals, teleost fish, and many invertebrates, through which feces and flatus are ejected.


ever

From Middle English ever, from Old English ǣfre, originally a phrase whose first element undoubtedly consists of Old English ā (“ever, always”) + in (“in”) + an element possibly from feorh (“life, existence”) (dative fēore). Compare Old English ā tō fēore (“ever in life”), Old English feorhlīf (“life”).
Sense 5 of the adverb was likely formed by association with never, which also carries the meaning of did not in colloquial Singaporean and Malaysian English. Also, compare Chinese 有 … 過 /有 … 过 (yǒu ... guò / jau⁵ ... gwo³, “has […] before”).

sl

This family empathy measure is highly related to ever use of birth control but not to any measure of continuous use.

1965, Reuben Hill, The family and population control: a Puerto Rican experiment in social change:

(epidemiology) Occurring at any time, occurring even but once during a timespan.


uterus

→ Czech: uterus

→ Malay: uterus

→ Swahili: uterasi

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *úd
Proto-Indo-European *-teros
Proto-Indo-European *úderos
Latin uterusbor.
English uterus
From Latin uterus (“womb, belly”), from Proto-Indo-European *úderos (“abdomen, stomach”), from *úd (“out, outward”) + *-eros (contrastive suffix).

af

(anatomy, countable) A reproductive organ of therian mammals in which the young are conceived and develop until birth.

(zoology) A similar part in some non-mammals.


regulation

en-noun

regulation (countable and uncountable, plural regulations)

/ˌɹɛɡjʊˈleɪʃən/

(genetics) Mechanism controlling DNA transcription.

(medicine) Physiological process which consists in maintaining homoeostasis.

régulation

physiological process maintaining homœostasis


bi-

PIE word
 *dwóh₁
Borrowed from Latin bi-, from Proto-Italic *dwi-, from Proto-Indo-European *dwi-. Doublet of twi- and di-.

noun (m. sg.) + בן שתי + noun (f. pl.) (e.g. בניין בן שתי קומות, "a two-story building")

noun (m. sg.) + בן שתי + noun (m. pl.) (e.g. ספר בן שני חלקים, "a two-part book")

noun (f. sg.) + בת שתי + noun (f. pl.) (e.g. קואליציה בת שתי מפלגות, "a two-party coalition")

noun (f. sg.) + בת שני + noun (m. pl.) (e.g. מערכת בת שני גופים, "a two-body system")

གཉིས་ལྡན (gnyis ldan, literally “having two”)

ཟུང་ལྡན (zung ldan, literally “having a pair”)

གཉིས་མ (gnyis ma, literally “both, double”)

གཉིས་རེ (gnyis re, literally “every two”)

ལྡབ་གཉིས (ldab gnyis, literally “twice”)

biconcave is having both sides concave, biballism is ballism that affects both sides of the body

(anatomy) Bilateral, on both sides of the body.


septum

Borrowed from Latin sēptum (“enclosure, wall, fence”).

Deviated septum, a shift from the midline that commonly occurs in normal growth, is present in most adults.

2002, Springhouse, Illustrated Manual of Nursing Practice, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, page 1158:

Sally got a dagger hung from her septum
O'Malley cut his ears off, but wishes that he kept 'em

2008, Neil Cicierega (lyrics and music), “Modify”, in View-Monster, performed by Lemon Demon:

(biology) A wall separating two cavities; a partition.

(anatomy) Ellipsis of nasal septum: the cartilaginous center wall of the nose separating the two nostrils.

nasal septum

(anatomy) Either of the two walls that separate the atria or ventricles of the heart into left and right chambers.


reduce

en-verb

reduce (third-person singular simple present reduces, present participle reducing, simple past and past participle reduced)

reduces (present singular third-person)
reducing (participle present)
reduced (participle past)
reduced (past)

From Middle English reducen, from Old French reduire, from Latin redūcō (“reduce”); from re- (“back”) + dūcō (“lead”). See duke, and compare with redoubt.

(transitive, medicine) To perform a reduction; to restore a fracture or dislocation to the correct alignment.

helyre tesz

medicine: to perform a reduction; to restore a fracture or dislocation to the correct alignment


appearance

en-noun

appearance (countable and uncountable, plural appearances)

Borrowed from Middle French apparence, from Latin apparentia, from appareo. Morphologically appear + -ance. Displaced native Old English hīew (“the way something looks or seems”) and ætīewednes (“act of appearing or coming into view”).

явяване

The coming into court of either of the parties

The patient had a small bowel obstruction and there was no appearance until after the obstruction resolved.

(medicine) Chiefly used by nurses: the act of defecation by a patient.


sigmoid

Borrowing from Ancient Greek σῑγμοειδής (sīgmoeidḗs, “of the shape of sigma”), from σῖγμᾰ (sîgmă, “sigma”) + -ο- (-o-) + -ειδής (-eidḗs, “-oid, -like”); Equivalent to sigma + -oid. Compare with French sigmoïde.

af

(anatomy) Relating to the sigmoid colon.


plethora

en-noun

plethora (countable and uncountable, plural plethorae or plethoras)

From Late Latin plēthōra, from Ancient Greek πληθώρη (plēthṓrē, “fullness, satiety”), from πλήθω (plḗthō, “to be full”) + -η (-ē, nominal suffix).

af

[Y]our Character at Present is like a Person in a Plethora, absolutely dying of too much Health—

1777, Richard Brinsley Sheridan, The School for Scandal, IV.iii:

The food necessary for the maintenance of his dog, a bull-terrier, in the condition of ferocious plethora to which it was accustomed, he generously declared himself willing to pay for out of his own pocket, […]

1953, Samuel Beckett, Watt, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Grove Press, published 1959, →OCLC:

(medicine) Excess of blood in the skin, especially in the face and especially chronically.


acarophobia

/ˌækəɹəˈfəʊbi.ə/

His acarophobia was obvious from his reaction when I told him he had lice.

(medicine) The fear of itching or of small crawling insects that cause itching, such as mites or lice.


irritable bowel syndrome

(pathology) A functional disorder causing the nerves and muscles of the large intestine to be oversensitive, leading to symptoms such as cramp, bloating, flatulence, diarrhoea and constipation.

腸易激綜合徵 /肠易激综合征

functional disorder of the large intestine


lunate

From Latin lūnātus (“crescent-shaped”), from lūna (“moon”).


semilunar

(anatomy) The lunate bone, or semilunar bone.


median

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-median.wav

Borrowed from Middle French median, from Latin mediānus (“of or pertaining to the middle”, adjective), from medius (“middle”) (see medium), from Proto-Indo-European *médʰyos (“middle”). Doublet of mean and mizzen. Cognate with Old English midde, middel (“middle”). More at middle.

der

Why is not our jugular or throat-veine as much at our command as the mediane [translating mediane]?

1603, Michel de Montaigne, chapter 3, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], book II, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC:

The Greeks prescribe the median or middle vein to be opened, and so much blood to be taken away as the patient may well spare, and the cut that is made must be wide enough.

1624, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], The Anatomy of Melancholy: […], 2nd edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC, partition II, section 5, member 2:

(anatomy, now rare) A central vein or nerve, especially the median vein or median nerve running through the forearm and arm.


median

(anatomy) Situated in a middle, central, or intermediate part, section, or range of (something).

Cellariiform, the orifices nearly confined to the convex frontal and lateral surfaces; the basal surface with a strong median calcareous keel, almost concealed by a flat membranous epitheca, which covers the whole zoarium […]

1957, Sidney Frederic Harmer, The Polyzoa of the Siboga Expedition, page 1106:

(anatomy, botany) In the middle of an organ, structure etc.; towards the median plane of an organ or limb.


DVT

en-noun

DVT (countable and uncountable, plural DVTs)

deep vein thrombosis
deep vein thrombosis#English

(medicine) Initialism of deep vein thrombosis.


deep vein thrombosis

deep vein thrombosis (countable and uncountable, plural deep vein thromboses)

(pathology) A potentially fatal condition in which one or more thrombi (or clots) form in the predominantly the leg or, more unusually, the arm. The clot may break free from the venous wall and travel via the circulatory system to the heart or to the lungs (causing a pulmonary embolism); this condition is often caused by keeping the legs bent for long periods but can also be caused by other medical problems.


deep-vein thrombosis

deep-vein thrombosis (countable and uncountable, plural deep-vein thromboses)

(pathology) Alternative spelling of deep vein thrombosis


economy class syndrome

From its noted occurrence among airline passengers flying long haul in economy class, where there is less legroom than other classes.

Deep vein thrombosis
deep vein thrombosis#English

(pathology, slang) Deep vein thrombosis.


thrombosis

thrombosis (countable and uncountable, plural thromboses)

/θɹɒmˈbəʊsɪs/

From Ancient Greek θρόμβωσις (thrómbōsis, “curdling, clotting”). By surface analysis, thrombus + -osis.

bor

The cure for thrombosis at the heart of London was to start work quickly on the new Victoria line. A high-level decision to proceed with this railway was urgently awaited

1962 August, “Talking of Trains: Metropolitan modernisation completed”, in Modern Railways, page 87:

Blood-clotting platelets had surged like minnows to the site of injury, clumping together to form a thrombosis that blocked the artery, causing a heart attack and tissue death.

2018, Sandeep Jauhar, Heart: a History, →ISBN, page 37:

(pathology) The formation of thrombi in the blood vessels of a living organism, causing obstruction of the circulation.

خُثار

formation of thrombi in the blood vessels, causing obstruction of the circulation

血栓形成

xuèshuān xíngchéng or xiěshuān xíngchéng


thrombose

en-verb

thrombose (third-person singular simple present thromboses, present participle thrombosing, simple past and past participle thrombosed)

thromboses (present singular third-person)
thrombosing (participle present)
thrombosed (participle past)
thrombosed (past)

(transitive, intransitive, pathology) To affect with, or be affected by, thrombosis.


thrombus

Borrowed from New Latin thrombus, from the Ancient Greek θρόμβος (thrómbos, “lump, piece, blood clot, milk curd”); compare thrombo-.

der

(hematology, pathology) A blood clot formed from platelets and other elements that forms in a blood vessel in a living organism, and causes thrombosis or obstruction of the vessel at its point of formation or travel to other areas of the body.

خُثْرَة

blood clot formed in blood vessels that leads to thrombosis


under

en-adj

under (comparative more under, superlative most under)

more under (comparative)
most under (superlative)

From Middle English under, from Old English under, from Proto-West Germanic *undar, from Proto-Germanic *under, from a merger of Proto-Indo-European *h₁n̥dʰér (“under”) and *h₁entér (“inside”).
Akin to German unter, Dutch onder, Danish and Norwegian under; also Old High German untar (“under”), Sanskrit अन्तर् (antar, “within”), Latin infrā (“below, beneath”) and inter (“between, among”).

cut the ground from under someone's feet

one can't carry two watermelons under one arm

Ensure the patient is sufficiently under.

(medicine, colloquial) Under anesthesia, especially general anesthesia; sedated.


ante-

From Latin ante (“preposition and prefix”); akin to Ancient Greek ἀντί (antí), Sanskrit अन्ति (anti), Gothic 𐌰𐌽𐌳- (and-) (only in compounds): compare answer, along, German ant-, ent- (in compounds). Doublet of anti-.

antecubital


anti-

From Ancient Greek ἀντι- (anti-, “against”). Doublet of ante-.

anti- + rabbit → antirabbit

anti- + horse → antihorse

(immunology) Reacting with immunoglobins found in the specified animal.


sadism

en-noun

sadism (countable and uncountable, plural sadisms)

From French sadisme and German Sadismus. Named after the Marquis de Sade, famed for his libertine writings depicting the pleasure of inflicting pain to others. The word for "sadism" (sadisme) was coined or acknowledged in the 1834 posthumous reprint of French lexicographer Boiste's Dictionnaire universel de la langue française; it is reused along with "sadist" (sadique) in 1862 by French critic Sainte-Beuve in his commentary of Flaubert's novel Salammbô; it is reused (possibly independently) in 1886 by Austrian psychiatrist Krafft-Ebing in Psychopathia Sexualis which popularized it; it is directly reused in 1905 by Freud in Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality which definitively established the word.

(chiefly psychiatry) The enjoyment of inflicting pain or humiliation without pity.

سادية

psychology: the enjoyment of inflicting pain or humiliation


inversion

inversion (countable and uncountable, plural inversions)

/ɪnˈvɜː.ʃən/

(genetics) A segment of DNA in the context of a chromosome that is reversed in orientation relative to a reference karyotype or genome.


transposition

en-verb

transposition (third-person singular simple present transpositions, present participle transpositioning, simple past and past participle transpositioned)

transpositions (present singular third-person)
transpositioning (participle present)
transpositioned (participle past)
transpositioned (past)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-transposition.wav

From Middle French transposition, from Medieval Latin transpositio.

(psychiatry) To take on the role of another person


conjugate

/ˈkɔn.d͡ʒə.ɡæɪt/

From the participle stem of Latin coniugō (“to yoke together”), from con- (“with”) + iugō (“to join”).

(immunology) A weak and a strong antigen covalently linked together


DAMP

en-noun

DAMP (countable and uncountable, plural DAMPs)

→ Swedish: damp, DAMP

(immunology) Initialism of damage-associated molecular pattern.

w:deficits in attention, motor control and perception

(psychiatry) Acronym of deficits in attention, motor control and perception.


PDD

Coordinate term: PDT

(medicine) Initialism of photodynamic diagnosis.


MBD

MBD (countable and uncountable, plural MBDs)

(pathology) Initialism of minimal brain damage.

(pathology) Initialism of minimal brain disorder.

(pathology) Initialism of minimal brain dysfunction.

(pathology) Initialism of mosquito-borne disease.


LSD

LSD (countable and uncountable, plural LSDs)

lumpy skin disease
lumpy skin disease#English

(veterinary pathology) Initialism of lumpy skin disease.


MRI

MRI (countable and uncountable, plural MRIs)

Drawings and pictures are more than mere ornaments in scientific discourse. Blackboard sketches, geological maps, diagrams of molecular structure, astronomical photographs, MRI images, the many varieties of statistical charts and graphs: These pictorial devices are indispensable tools for presenting evidence, for explaining a theory, for telling a story.

2012 March 7, Brian Hayes, “Pixels or Perish”, in American Scientist, volume 100, number 2, archived from the original on 2013-02-19, page 106:

magnetic resonance imaging
magnetic resonance imaging#English

(medicine) Initialism of magnetic resonance imaging.

ՄՌՏ

magnetic resonance imaging — see also magnetic resonance imaging


MRI

en-verb

MRI (third-person singular simple present MRIs, present participle MRIing, simple past and past participle MRIed)

MRIs (present singular third-person)
MRIing (participle present)
MRIed (participle past)
MRIed (past)

When the delirium stopped and it was safe to take Versed, her doctors doped her up and she managed to endure the MRI, on condition that I remain with her all the time. They MRIed her skull for thirty minutes, and two days later MRIed her spine for an hour.

2005, Donald Hall, The Best Day the Worst Day: Life with Jane Kenyon, Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, →ISBN, pages 99–100:

Remarkably, no one to that point had suggested MRIing my leg, which is where my pain actually was. Everyone surmised that the issue was really in my back. Dr. Smith scheduled an MRI for that very day.

2014, Mark Herzlich, What It Takes: Fighting For My Life and My Love of the Game, New York, NY: New American Library, →ISBN, page 74:

(transitive, rare, medicine) To take an MRI scan of.


fMRI

en-noun

fMRI (countable and uncountable, plural fMRIs)

fMRI has not been carried out yet in the group of paedophilia or other paraphiliae. Given the much better spatial and in particular higher temporal resolution it may be the tool of preference.

2008, Raymond C. Browne, Forensic Psychiatry Research Trends, page 125:

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) visualizes the blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal in the brain, which indexes neural activity.

2015: Vogt, Nina (December 2015). "fMRI goes individual". Research Highlights. Nature Methods 12 (12): 1112. doi:10.1038/nmeth.3677

functional magnetic resonance imaging#English

(uncountable, radiology) Initialism of functional magnetic resonance imaging.

functional magnetic resonance imager#English

(countable, radiology) Initialism of functional magnetic resonance imager.

functional magnetic resonance image#English

(countable, radiology) Initialism of functional magnetic resonance image.


crotchet

/ˈkɹɑt͡ʃ.ɪt/

From Middle English crochet, from Old French crochet (“small hook”), from croc + -et (diminutive suffix), from Old Norse krókr (“hook”). The musical note was named so because of a small hook on its stem in black notation (in modern notation this hook is on the quaver/eighth note). Doublet of crochet, crocket, and croquet.

doublet

Either Doctor Denman or an old Woman would have waited—but since the horrid death-doing Crotchet has been found out, & its use permitted—Oh! many & many a Life has been flung away.

1797 September 1, Hester Lynch Piozzi, Thraliana:

(surgery, now chiefly historical) A hook-shaped instrument, especially as used in obstetric surgery.


period

frequency

antonym(s) of “length of time of recurrence of a periodic phenomenon”

/ˈpɪə.ɹɪ.əd/

From Middle English periode, from Middle French periode, from Medieval Latin periodus, from Ancient Greek περίοδος (períodos, “circuit, an interval of time, path around”), from περι- (peri-, “around”) + ὁδός (hodós, “way”). Displaced native Middle English tide (“interval, period, season”), from Old English tīd (“time, period, season”), as well as Middle English elde (“age, period”), from Old English ieldu (“age, period of time”).

periodike

length of time during which something repeats

(obsolete, medicine) The length of time for a disease to run its course.

periudhë

history: period of time seen as coherent entity

Polyclonal antibodies were prepared against the period gene product, which influences biological rhythms in D. melanogaster, by using small synthetic peptides from the per sequence as immunogens.

1988 April 1, “Antibodies to the period gene product of drosophila reveal diverse tissue distribution and rhythmic changes in the visual system”, in Neuron, volume 1, number 2, page 141:

(genetics) A Drosophila gene, the gene product of which is involved in regulation of the circadian rhythm.


sunstroke

But, however this may be, the grounds upon which I base my belief that "chill" in the one case, and "heat" in the other, is the most common exciting cause of these maladies, respectively, are furnished by the fact that malarious fevers are found to prevail with a periodicity corresponding with that of the annual seasons of greatest change in the weather elements, namely, the spring and autumn, and moreover, with a periodicity corresponding, at least in the Punjab, for which province the statistics have been tabulated, with the triennial cycles of rainfall -- a peculiarity in which they coincide with cholera -- whilst sun-fever or sunstroke is found to prevail with a periodicity corresponding with the season of highest temperature.

1885, Henry Walter Bellew, The History of Cholera in India from 1862 to 1881, page 815:

Idiopathic non-septic periencephalitis may be produced by profound grief, protracted anxiety, especially when accompanied by great overwork, partial starvation combined with the gnawing anxiety of deep poverty, and also, it is affirmed, by sunstroke.

1896, Horatio C. Wood, The Practice of Medicine, page 513:

Later came midsummer, with the stifling heat, when the dingy killing beds of Durham’s became a very purgatory; one time, in a single day, three men fell dead from sunstroke.

1904, Upton Sinclair, chapter 10, in The Jungle:

(pathology) Heat stroke caused by an excessive exposure to the sun's rays.

ضَرْبَة شَمْس

heatstroke caused by an excessive exposure to the sun's rays


-itis

-itides (plural sometimes)
rarely -itises (plural sometimes)

itis

From New Latin -itis, from Ancient Greek -ῖτις (-îtis, “pertaining to”). This is the feminine form of adjectival suffix -ῑ́της (-ī́tēs). The English suffix derives from the feminine form due to its use with the feminine noun νόσος (nósos, “disease”), particularly with ἀρθρῖτις (νόσος) (arthrîtis (nósos), “disease of the joints”) (one of the earliest English borrowings from which the suffix was extracted and abstracted). Humorous sense by generalization.

der

(pathology) Suffix denoting diseases characterized by inflammation, itself often caused by an infection.

-ιτις

suffix denoting diseases characterized by inflammation

-и́т

suffix denoting fictitious afflictions or diseases


mucus

en-noun

mucus (usually uncountable, plural mucuses or muci)

The mucus in coryza may vary from runny to viscous.

(physiology) A slippery secretion from the lining of the mucous membranes.


alcohol

alcohol (countable and uncountable, plural alcohols)

→ Arabic: كُحُول (kuḥūl)

→ Korean: 알코올 (alkool), 알콜 (alkol)

→ Malay: alkohol

→ Swahili: alkoholi

→ Tok Pisin: alkohol

First attested in the 15 century from Middle English alcofol, from Middle French alcohol or Spanish alcohol, derived from the Medieval Latin rendering alcohol transmitted in medical or alchemical literature of Arabic اَلْكُحْل (al-kuḥl, “kohl”), which in Andalusian Arabic also bore the form كُحُول (kuḥūl), قُحُول (quḥūl); bearing thus the meaning of stibnite first, then generalized in meaning to a powder obtained by triturating a material, then also to liquids obtained by boiling down, and specialized to mean spirit of wine, ethanol, in the 18th century, then the narrow chemical sense after 1850. Doublet of alcool and kohl.
Various old etymological notes.
* Bartholomew Traheron in his 1543 translation of John of Vigo introduces the word as a term used by "barbarous" (Moorish) authors for "fine powder": the barbarous auctours use alcohol, or (as I fynde it sometymes wryten) alcofoll, for moost fine poudre.
* William Johnson in his 1657 Lexicon Chymicum glosses the word as antimonium sive stibium. By extension, the word came to refer to any fluid obtained by distillation, including "alcohol of wine", the distilled essence of wine.
* Libavius in Alchymia (1594) has vini alcohol vel vinum alcalisatum.
* Johnson (1657) glosses alcohol vini as quando omnis superfluitas vini a vino separatur, ita ut accensum ardeat donec totum consumatur, nihilque fæcum aut phlegmatis in fundo remaneat.
* Some authorities, including Rachel Hajar, suggest that the ultimate etymon was the Arabic term اَلْغَوْل (al-ḡawl, “bad effect, evil result of headache”) (as used in Qur’an verse 37:47, but this word is rather poetical and could for topical reasons not have been picked up from Arabic by Medieval writers, and aside from that the relation to stibium is well documented.


constellation

PIE word
 *ḱóm
From Middle English constellacioun, constillacioun (“(astrology) position of the moon or a planet in relation to the ascendant sign of the zodiac; horoscope; (astronomy) formation of fixed stars, constellation; (astronomy) elevation or position of the sun”) [and other forms], borrowed from Old French constellation (modern French constellation), or directly from its etymon Late Latin cōnstēllātiōnem, the accusative singular of cōnstēllātiō (“collection of stars supposed to exert an influence upon human affairs, constellation”), from Latin con- (prefix denoting a bringing together of several objects) + stēlla (“star; meteor; planet”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂stḗr (“star”)) + -ātiō (suffix forming nouns).

nb...

constelacioun, constellacion, constellacyon, constellacyoun, constillacion, constillacione, constillacioune, constillatioun, constollacion, constolacioun

sterrebeeld

arbitrary formation of stars perceived as a figure or pattern, or a division of the sky including it

rykelmä

(figurative) A configuration or grouping of related things.

(psychoanalysis) Synonym of complex (“a collection of ideas caused by repressed emotions that leads to an abnormal mental condition”)


kidney stone

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-kidney stone.wav


inductor

Borrowed from Medieval Latin inductor, from Latin induco.


AU

en-noun

AU (countable and uncountable, plural AUs)

alopecia universalis
alopecia universalis#English

(medicine, dermatology) Initialism of alopecia universalis.


spoon

From Middle English spoon, spoune, spone, spon (“spoon, chip of wood”), from Old English spōn (“sliver, chip of wood, shaving”), from Proto-West Germanic *spānu, from Proto-Germanic *spēnuz (“chip, flake, shaving”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)peh₂- (“chip, shaving, log, length of wood”).
Cognate with Scots spun, spon (“spoon, shingle”), West Frisian spoen, Dutch spaan (“chip, flinders”), German Span (“chip, flake, shaving”), Swedish spån (“chip, flake”), Faroese spónur (“wood chip; spoon”), Ancient Greek σφήν (sphḗn, “wedge”)(though the connection to the Greek is likely impossible by modern reconstructions of PIE). Eclipsed non-native Middle English cuculer, coclear (“spoon”), from Old English cuculer, cuceler, cucler, borrowed from Latin cochlear (“spoon”).
The "metaphoric unit of personal energy" sense was coined by writer and disability advocate Christine Miserandino in 2003 (see spoon theory).

coinage

he who sups with the devil should have a long spoon

(dentistry, informal) A spoon excavator.


stage

en-verb

stage (third-person singular simple present stages, present participle staging, simple past and past participle staged)

stages (present singular third-person)
staging (participle present)
staged (participle past)
staged (past)

From Middle English stage, from Old French estage (“dwelling, residence; position, situation, condition”), from Old French ester (“to be standing, be located”). Cognate with Old English stæþþan (“to make staid, stay”), Old Norse steðja (“to place, provide, confirm, allow”), Old English stæde, stede (“state, status, standing, place, station, site”). More at stead. Doublet of étage.

cog

One method of documenting a wound is as follows: (1) stage the ulcer, time present, setting where occurred; (2) describe the location anatomically; (3) measure ulcer in centimeters (length × width × base); […]

2010, Howard M. Fillit, Kenneth Rockwood, Kenneth Woodhouse, Brocklehurst's Textbook of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, page 940:

(transitive, medicine) To determine what stage (a disease, etc.) has progressed to


moist

en-adj

moist (comparative moister or more moist, superlative moistest or most moist)

moister (comparative)
more moist (comparative)
moistest (superlative)
most moist (superlative)

The adjective is derived from Middle English moist, moiste (“damp, humid, moist, wet; well-irrigated, well-watered; made up of water or other fluids, fluid; of ale: fresh; (figuratively) carnal, lascivious; undisciplined, weak; (alchemy, medicine, physics) dominated by water as an element”) [and other forms], from Anglo-Norman moist, moiste, moste, Middle French moiste, and Old French moiste, muste (“damp, moist, wet”) (modern French moite); further etymology uncertain, perhaps a blend of a Late Latin variant of Latin mūcidus (“mouldy, musty”) + a Late Latin derivative of Latin mustum (“unfermented or partially fermented grape juice or wine, must”).
The noun is derived from the adjective.

der

Characterized by the presence of some fluid such as mucus, pus, etc.

Of sounds of internal organs (especially as heard through a stethoscope): characterized by the sound of air bubbling through a fluid.


expressivity

en-noun

expressivity (usually uncountable, plural expressivities)

(genetics) The degree to which a gene affects or can affect an organism.


nuke

The organ of amativeness is placed in the nuke of the neck as a protuberance of the cerebellum.

1836 February, T. C., “On Phrenology, Craniology, Organology”, in Daniel K. Whitaker, editor, The Southern Literary Journal, and Monthly Magazine, volume 1, number 6, Charleston, S.C.: Printed by J. S. Burges, […], →OCLC, page 399:

Historically, other words have been used to refer to this place on the body: hattrel, niddick, noddle, noll, nuke, and poll; all have passed out of use.

[2015, Charles Hodgson, Carnal Knowledge: A Navel Gazer's Dictionary of Anatomy, Etymology, and Trivia, →ISBN, page 115:

(anatomy, obsolete) Alternative form of nucha (“spinal cord; nape of the neck”)


nonalcoholic

(medicine) Not involving alcohol as its cause.


dys-

From New Latin dys-, from Ancient Greek δυσ- (dus-, “hard, difficult, bad”).

der

dysendocrinism, dysexecutive, dysautonomia, dysbarism


PSP

en-noun

PSP (countable and uncountable, plural PSPs)

postsynaptic potential
postsynaptic potential#English

(physiology) Initialism of postsynaptic potential.

progressive supranuclear palsy
w:progressive supranuclear palsy

(pathology) Initialism of progressive supranuclear palsy.


cesarean section

cesarean section (plural cesarean sections)

Caesarean section
Caesarean section#English

(US, medicine) Alternative spelling of Caesarean section


Caesarean

Shortening of Caesarean section; see also Caesarean section § Etymology.


big toe

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-big toe.wav

(anatomy) The largest toe (usually) on each human foot (i.e. the toe closest to the other foot when the feet are flat on the ground, side by side, and the legs not crossed) or on a foot of certain other animals.

groottoon

largest of the toes of the foot of a human


chemotherapy

chemotherapy (countable and uncountable, plural chemotherapies)

/ˌkiːməʊˈθɛɹəpi/

(medicine) Any chemical treatment intended to be therapeutic with respect to a disease state.

(oncology, most common usage) chemical treatment to kill or halt the replication and/or spread of cancerous cells in a patient.

quimioteràpia

chemical treatment to kill or halt cancer


dystopia

dystopia (countable and uncountable, plural dystopia or dystopias or dystopiae)

dystopia (plural)
dystopias (plural)
dystopiae (plural)

From dys- + -topia, as if from Ancient Greek δυσ- (dus-, “bad”) + τόπος (tópos, “place, region”) + -ία (-ía), based on utopia being reinterpreted as eu-topia.

The patient suffers from adrenal dystopia.

2. Dystopiæ of separate organs.

1899, Joshua M. Van Cott, Jr., “Pathology of the Fœtus—Anomalies of the Fœtus”, in Charles Jewett, editor, The Practice of Obstetrics by American Authors, New York, N.Y., Philadelphia, Pa.: Lea Brothers & Co., part V (Pathology of Pregnancy), page 325:

Davis, J. E. (J. Urol., Vol. xx-155, 1928), writing on the surgical pathology of malformation in the kidneys and ureters, classifies these anomalies into three groups: (a) anomalies of position (dystopiae).

1930 January 16, The New England Journal of Medicine, volume 202, number 3, page 126, column 1:

While harelips were mostly associated with dystopiae of the incisor teeth, median jaw fusion was accompanied by characteristic dental fusion.

1968, Walter Ritter, Kraniofaziale Dysplasien und Störungen der Zahnentwicklung:

Surgical treatment of congenital testicular dystopiae. (B. Kleinteich et al.) Zentralbl. Chir. 1979, 104, 736.

1979, British Journal of Urology, page xlv:

(pathology) Anatomical tissue that is not found in its usual place.


necrophilia

necrophilia (countable and uncountable, plural necrophilias)

/ˌnɛkɹə(ʊ)ˈfɪlɪə/

From necro- + -philia. From necro- (Ancient Greek νεκρός (nekrós, “corpse, dead”)) + -philia (Ancient Greek φιλία (philía, “affection”)), after German Nekrophilie (in Krafft-Ebing 1887).

uder

(medicine) A pathological fascination with death.


-ee

From Middle English -ee, -ē, from Anglo-Norman and Old French -ee, French -é, -ée, endings forming past participle of verbs ending in -er. Doublet of -ate. More distantly related to inherited English -ed.

-të

forming words meaning a person to whom or a thing to which an action is done

-eur

forming words meaning a person who or a thing that does an action, especially where a passive sense of the verb is implied

laryngectomy + -ee → laryngectomee

(medicine) Used to form words meaning a person who has undergone a particular medical procedure.


corn

Inherited from Middle English corne, from Old French corn (modern French cor), from Latin cornū. Doublet of corno and cornu.

(veterinary medicine) An inflammatory disease of a horse's hoof, at the caudal part of the sole.

(veterinary medicine) Skin hyperplasia with underlying fibroma between both digits of cattle.


complement

en-noun

complement (countable and uncountable, plural complements)

From Middle English complement, from Latin complēmentum (“that which fills up or completes”), from compleō (“I fill up, I complete”) (English complete). Doublet of compliment. The verb is from the noun.

der

(immunology) One of several blood proteins that work with antibodies during an immune response.

komplementti

one of several blood proteins that work with antibodies during an immune response

A DNA molecule is formed from two strands, each of which is the complement of the other.

(genetics) A nucleotide sequence in which each base is replaced by the complementary base of the given sequence: adenine (A) by thymine (T) or uracil (U), cytosine (C) by guanine (G), and vice versa.

после́довательность комплемента́рных основа́ний


bypass

From Middle English *bypassen, *bipassen (suggested by past participle by-past, bipast), equivalent to by- + pass.

Five of the 16 patients required simultaneous FF bypass and iliaco-femoral bypass; 2, required simultaneous FF bypass and iliac thrombo-endoarterectomy (Table II).

1989, Antonio Strano, Salvatore Novo, editors, Advances in Vascular Pathology 1989: Proceedings of the 15th World Congress of the International Union of Angiology, Rome, 17–22 September 1989, volume 1, Excerpta Medica, →ISBN, page 483, →ISBN:

(medicine) An alternative passage created to divert a bodily fluid around a damaged organ; the surgical procedure to construct such a bypass.

anastomosi de derivació per a revascularització cardíaca


term

From Middle English terme, borrowed from Old French terme, from Latin terminus (“a bound, boundary, limit, end; in Medieval Latin, also a time, period, word, covenant, etc.”).
Doublet of terminus and termon. Old English had termen, from the same source.

term neonate

(medicine, colloquial) Born or delivered at term.


phrenology

en-noun

phrenology (countable and uncountable, plural phrenologies)

Phrenology involves feeling the bumps in the skull to determine an individual's psychological attributes.

MR. BURNS: Who could forget such a monstrous visage? She has the sloping brow and cranial bumpage of the career criminal.
 MR. SMITHERS: Uh, sir, phrenology was dismissed as quackery 160 years ago.

1995 November 19, Richard Appel, “Mother Simpson”, in The Simpsons, Harry Shearer (actor):

Phrenology was the practice of correlating bumps on a skull with mental powers and attributes of character.

2019, Bill Bryson, The Body: A Guide for Occupants, Black Swan (2020), page 86:

(medicine, biology, historical) The pseudo-science which studies the relationships between a person's character and the morphology (structure) of the skull.

frenologie

the science or discredited pseudo-science of phrenology


media

Learned borrowing from Latin media, the feminine nominative of medius (“middle”, adjective), from Proto-Italic *meðjos, from Proto-Indo-European *médʰyos (“between”). In the sense of a unit of dry measure, via Spanish media. Doublet of medium, medio, and mediate.

(anatomy) The middle layer of the wall of a blood vessel or lymph vessel which is composed of connective and muscular tissue.


visceral

en-adj

visceral (comparative more visceral, superlative most visceral)

more visceral (comparative)
most visceral (superlative)

From Middle French viscéral (modern French viscéral), or from its etymon Medieval Latin viscerālis (“internal”) + English -al (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’ forming adjectives). Viscerālis is derived from Latin viscera (a plural form of vīscus (“internal organ of the body”); further etymology uncertain, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *weys- (“to rotate, turn”)) + -ālis (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’ forming adjectives).
Cognates
* Old French visceral (Middle French viscéral, modern French viscéral)
* Italian viscerale
* Spanish visceral

vnitřní

of or relating to, made up of, or positioned among or within, the viscera

(anatomy) Of or relating to, made up of, or positioned among or within, the viscera (“internal organs of the body, especially those contained within the abdominal and thoracic cavities”).

(pathology) Of a disease: involving the viscera.

[…] Christ sends Paracletum, in a more entire, and a more internal, and more visceral sense, a Comforter.

1627 May 23 (Gregorian calendar), John Donne, “Sermon XXVI. Preached at St. Paul’s, upon Whitsunday, 1627.”, in Henry Alford, editor, The Works of John Donne, D.D., […], volume I, London: John W[illiam] Parker, […], published 1839, →OCLC, page 532:

Love is of all other the inmoſt and moſt viſcerall affection. And therefore called by the Apoſtle, Bovvels of Love. And vve read of the yearning of Ioſephs bovvels over Benjamin his mothers ſonne, […]

1640, Edward Reynolds, “Of the Effects of Love, Union to the Object, Stay and Immoration of the Mind upon It, Rest in It, Zeale, Strength, and Tendernesse towards It, Condescention unto It, Liquefaction and Languishing for It”, in A Treatise of the Passions and Faculties of the Soule of Man. […], London: […] R[ichard] H[earne and John Norton] for Robert Bostock, […], →OCLC, page 109:

At its visceral core, grief is a stress response. So scientists have explained, and other experts have charted the emotional journey.

2011 February 17, Ann Hulbert, “Joyce Carol Oates’s Widow’s Lament [book review]”, in The New York Times, New York, N.Y.: The New York Times Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-04-08:

Of or relating to the viscera or bowels regarded as the origin of a person's emotions; hence (figuratively), relating to or having deep internal feelings or sensibility.

niterný

of or relating to the viscera or bowels regarded as the origin of a person’s emotions; relating to or having deep internal feelings or sensibility

visceral remains

[W]hat sign / Of visceral lightness, coloured to a shade, / May charm the genial gods, and what fair spots / Commend the lung and liver.

1850, Elizabeth Barrett Browning, “Prometheus Bound. From the Greek of Æschylus.”, in Poems. […], new edition, volume I, London: Chapman & Hall, […], →OCLC, page 161:

Some areolar tissue free from elastic tissue was next procured from the visceral cavity of a toad, and moderately sized, as well as very small, bits were placed on five leaves.

1875 July 2, Charles Darwin, “The Digestive Power of the Secretion of Drosera”, in Insectivorous Plants, London: John Murray, […], →OCLC, page 102:

I can focus the X-rays first on the screen by means of a special quartz objective which I have devised. Then I take the pictures. Here, you see, are the lungs in slow or rapid respiration. There is the rhythmically beating heart, distinctly pulsating in perfect outline. There is the liver, moving up and down with the diaphragm, the intestines, and the stomach. You can see the bones moving with the limbs, as well as the inner visceral life. All that is hidden to the eye by the flesh is now made visible in striking manner.

1913 August, Arthur B[enjamin] Reeve, “The X-Ray ‘Movies’”, in The Dream Doctor (The Craig Kennedy Series), New York, N.Y., London: Harper & Brothers, published 1914, →OCLC, pages 340–341:


filial

en-adj

filial (comparative more filial, superlative most filial)

more filial (comparative)
most filial (superlative)

From Middle English filial, from Latin fīliālis, from filius (“son”) / filia (“daughter”).

This, following Bateson, we may call the parental generation or P generation. Subsequent generations are called filial generations (abbreviated F) and their numerical order is indicated by a subscript, as first filial (F₁), second filial (F₂), etc.

1916, William E. Castle, Gregor Mendel, Genetics & Eugenics, page 101:

(genetics) Of a generation or generations descending from a specific previous one.


dental

dental (comparative more dental, superlative most dental)

more dental (comparative)
most dental (superlative)

Borrowed from Middle French dental or Late Latin dentālis, from dēns (“a tooth”) + -ālis (“-al”, adjectival suffix).

af

(dentistry, relational) Of or concerning dentistry.


dental

(veterinary medicine) Cleaning and polishing of an animal's teeth.


dens

Borrowed from Latin dens (“a tooth”). Doublet of dent and tooth.

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-dens.wav

(anatomy) A toothlike process projecting from the anterior end of the centrum of the axis vertebra on which the atlas vertebra rotates.


off

(older Received Pronunciation, General American) -ɔːf

From Middle English of, from Old English of, af, æf (“from, off, away”), from Proto-West Germanic *ab, from Proto-Germanic *ab (“from”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epo (“from, off, back”). Doublet of of.
Cognates
Cognate with Scots of, af (“off, away”), West Frisian af, ôf (“off, away”), Dutch af (“off, from”), German Low German of (“off, from”), German ab (“off, from”), Danish af (“of, off”), Norwegian Bokmål, Norwegian Nynorsk and Swedish av (“of, off”), Icelandic af (“of, off”), Gothic 𐌰𐍆 (af, “of, from”); and with Latin ab (“of, from, by”), Ancient Greek ἀπό (apó, “from”), and others.

poissa

detached, separated, excluded or disconnected from

pois

away from a position of attachment or connection to

-sta

used to indicate the location or direction of one thing relative to another

The guy was off a perc.


adduction

en-noun

adduction (countable and uncountable, plural adductions)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-adduction.wav

Borrowed from Latin adductio, adductionis, from adducō (“I bring to myself”), from ad + ducō (“I lead”). Compare French adduction. Equivalent to adduct + -tion See adduce.

Coordinate term: circumduction

(anatomy) The action by which the parts of the body are drawn towards its axis


adductor

adductor (plural adductors or adductores)

From Latin adduco. Equivalent to adduct + -or.

The adductor of the eye turns the eye toward the nose.

He has also shown that the adductor muscles of the dactyl are very strong and so arranged as to produce the effect , while the opposing muscles are slender

1908, Addison Emery Verrill, Decapod Crustacea of Bermuda:

(anatomy) A muscle which draws a limb or part of the body toward the middle line of the body, or closes extended parts of the body—opposed to abductor.


adenitis

adenitis (countable and uncountable, plural adenitises or adenitides)

From New Latin, from Ancient Greek ἀδήν (adḗn) + -itis.

(medicine, pathology) Glandular inflammation.


pelican

From Middle English pellican, pellicane, from Old English pellican (“pelican”), from Latin pelecānus, from Ancient Greek πελεκάν (pelekán),
πέλεκυς (pélekus, “hatchet”).

(dentistry) A set of forceps used to force overcrowded teeth apart.


office

Tok Pisin: opis

→ Belarusian: о́фіс (ófis)

→ Bulgarian: о́фис (ófis)

→ Cebuano: opis

→ Chichewa: ofesi

→ Central Dusun: upis

→ Hindi: ऑफ़िस (ŏfis)

→ Iban: opis

→ Japanese: オフィス

→ Marshallese: wōpij

→ Malay: opis

→ Russian: о́фис (ófis)

→ Scottish Gaelic: oifis

→ Swahili: afisi

→ Tausug: upis

→ Ukrainian: о́фіс (ófis)

Microsoft Office
office (disambiguation)

From Middle English office, from Old French office, from Latin officium (“personal, official, or moral duty; official position; function; ceremony, esp. last rites”), contracted from opificium (“construction: the act of building or the thing built”), from opifex (“doer of work, craftsman”) + -ium (“-y”, forming actions), from op- (“work”) + -i- (connective) + -fex (combining form of faciō (“to do, to make”)).
The use in reference to office software is a genericization of various proprietary program suites, such as Microsoft Office.

zyrë

room(s) or building used for non-manual work

This one was made out at a private office—Office is American for Surgery.

1975, M. Duke, chapter VIII, in Death of Holy Murderer, page 108:

A room, set of rooms, or building used for non-manual work, particularly:

(chiefly US, medicine) A room, set of rooms, or building used for consultation and diagnosis, but not surgery or other major procedures.


ferrum

en-noun

ferrum (countable and uncountable, plural ferrums)

(homeopathy) Any of various remedies made from iron-containing compounds.


reflex arc

(neuroanatomy, neurophysiology) The neural pathway that mediates a reflex.


palindrome

From Ancient Greek παλίνδρομος (palíndromos, “running back again”), from πάλιν (pálin, “back, again, back again”) + δρόμος (drómos, “running, race, racecourse”). By surface analysis, palin- + -drome (compare also velodrome and syndrome).

bor

(genetics) A stretch of DNA in which the sequence of nucleotides on one strand are in the reverse order to that of the complementary strand


hypoallergenic

en-adj

hypoallergenic (comparative more hypoallergenic, superlative most hypoallergenic)

more hypoallergenic (comparative)
most hypoallergenic (superlative)

Coined between 1950 and 1955 from hypo- + allergenic. Some say that it was coined by advertisers in 1953. Merriam-Webster puts the date at 1940.

(immunology) Relating to a hypoallergen.


aggregation

en-noun

aggregation (countable and uncountable, plural aggregations)

/æɡɹəˈɡeɪʃən/

From Latin aggregātiō, from aggregō (“aggregate”).

(epidemiology) The majority of the parasite population concentrated into a minority of the host population.


ala

Originated 1730–40, borrowed from Latin āla (“wing”). Doublet of aisle.

(anatomy) A wing or winglike anatomic process or part, especially of bone.


cataract

→ Cebuano: katarak

→ Marshallese: kōtrāāk

From Middle English cataract, cateract, cateracte, cataracta, from Latin cataracta (“waterfall, portcullis”), from Ancient Greek καταρράκτης (katarrháktēs), from καταράσσω (katarássō, “I pour down”), from κατα- (kata-, “down”) + ἀράσσω (arássō, “to strike, dash”). Its pathological sense probably came from its alternative sense in Latin, “portcullis”, through French through the notion of “obstruction”, in this case, of vision.

der

Rarely, a dense, swollen neglected cataract precipitates an angle-closure glaucoma.

1999, J. J. Gallo, J. Busby-Whitehead, W. Reichel, P. V. Rabins, R. A. Silliman, Reichel’s Care of the Elderly, page 563:

Shallow, this is what I created
Splayed out skeletons in the cracks in the pavement
And now, can you feel the injection back behind those cloudy eyes?
In-between every cataract, a projection of my life

2022, “Rotoscope”, performed by Spiritbox:

(pathology) A clouding of the lens in the eye leading to a decrease in vision.


stain

en-verb

stain (third-person singular simple present stains, present participle staining, simple past and past participle stained)

stains (present singular third-person)
staining (participle present)
stained (participle past)
stained (past)

From Middle English steinen, steynen (“to stain, colour, paint”), of North Germanic origin, from Old Norse steina (“to stain, colour, paint”), from steinn (“stone, mineral blue, colour, stain”), from Proto-Norse ᛊᛏᚨᛁᚾᚨᛉ (stainaʀ), from Proto-Germanic *stainaz (“stone”), from Proto-Indo-European *steyh₂- (“to stiffen”). Cognate with Old English stān (“stone”). More at stone.
Replaced native Middle English wem (“spot, blemish, stain”), from Old English wamm (“spot, stain”).
In some senses, influenced by unrelated Middle English disteynen (“to discolor, remove the colour from"; literally, "de-colour”), from Anglo-Norman desteindre (“to remove the colour from, bleach”), from Old French destaindre (“to remove the color from, bleach”), from des- (“dis-, de-, un-”) + teindre (“to dye”), from Latin tingo.

noncog

(transitive, cytology, histology) To treat (a microscopic specimen) with a dye, especially one that dyes specific features

värjätä

to treat a microscope specimen with a dye


placenta

en-noun

placenta (plural placentae or placentas)

Elision for phrases such as New Latin placenta uterī (“womb cake”), placenta uterina (“uterine cake”), from Latin placenta (“flat cake”), because of the flat round shape of the afterbirth.

(anatomy) An organ in most mammals during gestation that supplies food and oxygen to the foetus and passes back waste. It is on the wall of the uterus and links to the foetus through the umbilical cord. It is expelled after birth.


erection

erection (countable and uncountable, plural erections)

Borrowed from Latin ērectiō, ērectiōnis, noun of action from perfect passive participle ērectus, from verb erigō, from prefix ē- (“out of”) + regō, + action suffix -iō.

paglatog

physiology: process by which a penis becomes erect

I think that the case also demonstrates some singular aspects of the penis as a narrator of tales, specifically the way in which the erection of a penis falls outside a man's conscious control and therefore threatens a carefully constructed master legal narrative in which bodily self-control graphically represents the self-government contemplated by a democratic legal society.

1997, Alan Hyde, Bodies of Law, Princeton University Press, published 1997, →ISBN, page 175:

There are men who say they cannot bear to show themselves naked before women unless in a state of erection; and indeed through erection the flesh becomes activity, potency, […]

2006, Lori Marso, Feminist Thinkers and the Demands of Femininity: The Lives and Work of Intellectual Women, Routledge (2006), unnumbered pages (quoting Simone Beauvoir)

A marriage was only consummated via erection, penetration, and insemination intra vas.

2007, Edward J. Behrend-Martinez, Unfit for Marriage: Impotent Spouses on Trial in the Basque Region of Spain, 1650-1750, University of Nevada Press, published 2007, →ISBN, page 14:

(uncountable, physiology) The physiological process by which erectile tissue, such as a penis or clitoris, becomes erect by being engorged with blood.

[…] but our experienc'd matron very soon, by chafing it with her hands, brought it to swell to that size and erection I had before seen it up to.

1749, [John Cleland], “(Please specify the letter or volume)”, in Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure [Fanny Hill], London: […] [Thomas Parker] for G. Fenton [i.e., Fenton and Ralph Griffiths] […], →OCLC:

Older men typically require longer periods of time to achieve erection and reach orgasm.

2008, Robert Crooks, Karla Baur, Our Sexuality, Thomson Wadsworth, published 2008, →ISBN, page 163:

A very rare complication is priapism, where the penis maintains its erection for many hours.

2011, Alan L. Rubin, Diabetes for Dummies, Wiley Publishing, Inc., published 2008, →ISBN, page 104:

(uncountable, physiology, of a penis or clitoris) The state or quality of being erect from engorgement with blood.


insufflate

en-verb

insufflate (third-person singular simple present insufflates, present participle insufflating, simple past and past participle insufflated)

insufflates (present singular third-person)
insufflating (participle present)
insufflated (participle past)
insufflated (past)

From the past participle stem of Latin īnsufflāre, from in- + sufflāre (“blow on”).

(transitive, medicine) To treat by blowing a gas, vapor, or powder into a body cavity.

2001: Cocaine is usually taken by insufflating the white powdered cocaine sulphate into the nose, which leads to rapid absorption of the drug into the bloodstream. — Leslie Iversen, Drugs: A Very Short Introduction (Oxford 2001, p. 98)

(transitive, medicine) To inhale (a powder etc.).


genu

PIE word
 *ǵónu
Borrowed from Latin genu (“knee”).

A knee-like structure, in particular a bend in the corpus callosum of mammals.


skull

From Middle English sculle, scolle (also schulle, scholle), probably from a dialectal form of Old Norse skalli (“bald head, skull”), itself probably related to Old English sċealu (“husk”). Compare Scots scull, Danish skal (“skull”) and skalle (“bald head, skull”), Norwegian skalle, Swedish skalle and especially dialectal Swedish skulle.
Alternatively, perhaps from Old Norse skoltr, skolptr (“muzzle, snout”), akin to Icelandic skoltur (“jaw”), dialectal Swedish skult, skulle (“dome, crown of the head, skull”), Middle Dutch scolle, scholle, Middle Low German scholle, schulle (“clod, sod”), and Scots skult, skolt. Compare also Old High German sciula, skiula (“skull”).

He was about to roar when, lying among the black sticks and straw under the cliff, he saw a whole skull—perhaps a cow's skull, a skull, perhaps, with the teeth in it. Sobbing, but absent-mindedly, he ran farther and farther away until he held the skull in his arms.

1922 October 26, Virginia Woolf, chapter 1, in Jacob’s Room, Richmond, London: […] Leonard & Virginia Woolf at the Hogarth Press, →OCLC; republished London: The Hogarth Press, 1960, →OCLC:

(anatomy) The main bones of the head considered as a unit; including the cranium, facial bones, and mandible.


crop

From Middle English crop, croppe, from Old English crop, cropp, croppa (“the head or top of a plant, a sprout or herb, a bunch or cluster of flowers, an ear of corn, the craw of a bird, a kidney”), from Proto-West Germanic *kropp, from Proto-Germanic *kruppaz (“body, trunk, crop”), from Proto-Indo-European *grewb- (“to warp, bend, crawl”).
Cognates
Cognate with Dutch krop (“crop”), German Low German Kropp (“a swelling on the neck, the craw, maw”), German Kropf (“the craw, ear of grain, head of lettuce or cabbage”), Swedish kropp (“body, trunk”), Icelandic kroppur (“a hunch on the body”). Related to crap, doublet of group and croup.

cog

Coordinate term: gizzard

A little bird sat on the edge of her nest;
Her yellow-beaks slept as sound as tops;
That day she had done her very best,
And had filled every one of their little crops.

1871, George MacDonald, “The Early Bird”, in At the Back of the North Wind:

The bird gave a gulp, and I felt the stone pass along its gullet and down into its crop.

1892 [January], A[rthur] Conan Doyle, “Adventures of Sherlock Holmes. VII.—The Adventure of the Blue Carbuncle.”, in Geo[rge] Newnes, editor, The Strand Magazine: An Illustrated Monthly, volume III (January to June), number [13], London: George Newnes, Limited, […], page 84, column 2:

As the wildebeest shrinks, the circle of sated birds lounging in the short grass expands. With bulging crops, the vultures settle their heads atop folded wings and slide their nictitating membranes shut.

2015 December, Elizabeth Royte, “Vultures Are Revolting. Here’s Why We Need to Save Them.”, in National Geographic, archived from the original on 2015-12-13:

(anatomy) A pouch-like part of the alimentary tract of some birds (and some other animals), used to store food before digestion or for regurgitation.

حَوْصَلة

part of bird's or other animal's alimentary tract