nonsilencing

Since inhibition of IDE also accelerates hIAPP amyloid formation in insulinoma cells, we used an shRNA specific to rat IDE (IDEi) as a positive control and a nonsilencing shRNA (NSi) as a negative control.

2015 July 21, “The Mitochondrial Peptidase Pitrilysin Degrades Islet Amyloid Polypeptide in Beta-Cells”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


nephroureterectomy

From nephro- + ureterectomy or nephro- + ureter + -ectomy.

Twenty-nine patients (54.7%) had visceral metastases, and 27 patients (50.9%) underwent surgery including radical cystectomy and nephroureterectomy.

2015 July 23, “Predictive and Prognostic Value of Ribonucleotide Reductase Regulatory Subunit M1 and Excision Repair Cross-Complementation Group 1 in Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma (UC) Treated with First-Line Gemcitabine Plus Platinum Combination Chemotherapy”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(surgery) Synonym of ureteronephrectomy.


methylthioninium

From methyl + thionine + -ium (“quaternary ammonium compound”).

af

Methylene blue (MB, methylthioninium chloride) is a phenothiazine that crosses the blood brain barrier and acts as a redox cycler.

2014 February 20, Cliona Stack et al., “Methylene blue upregulates Nrf2/ARE genes and prevents tau-related neurotoxicity”, in Human Molecular Genetics, volume 23, →DOI:

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) The heterocyclic cation 3,7-bis(dimethylamino)-phenothiazin-5-ium, which is the basis of methylene blue


pleurectomy

Most patients (12 cases) underwent pleurectomy/decortication, six had extrapleural pneumonectomy.

2014 June 10, G L Ceresoli et al., “Prognostic factors in elderly patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma: results of a multicenter survey”, in British Journal of Cancer, volume 111, →DOI:


antiglaucomatous

Noteworthy, the ocular hypotensive effect promoted by D+I did not interfere in the MAP. This characteristic is desirable for any antiglaucomatous drug or formulation as it increases its specificity reducing potential side effects.

2015 July 24, “Ocular Inserts for Sustained Release of the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 Activator, Diminazene Aceturate, to Treat Glaucoma in Rats”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


thymothymectomy

For thymoma patients, the radical thymothymectomy was performed concurrent with radical pleural pleurectomy.

2015 July 21, “Pleural Photodynamic Therapy and Surgery in Lung Cancer and Thymoma Patients with Pleural Spread”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(surgery) Removal of a thymoma from the thymus.


allodiploid

(genetics) Having two complete sets of chromosomes derived from two different species


dysglobulinemia

en-noun

dysglobulinemia (countable and uncountable, plural dysglobulinemias)

The recorded causes of kidney disease were as follows: diabetic nephropathy (in 21% of the patients), nephroangiosclerosis and glomerulonephritis (18%), interstitial nephropathy (7%), hypertensive nephropathy (5%), polykystosis (5%) and other recorded diagnoses (hereditary disease, solitary kidney, dysglobulinemia, and systemic disease) (22%).

2015 July 17, “The Addition of Vascular Calcification Scores to Traditional Risk Factors Improves Cardiovascular Risk Assessment in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(pathology) Any of several disorders of blood globulins.


endoreplication

A recent study suggested that enhanced induction of endoreplication after the second exposure could be responsible for the priming effect in mosquitoes [70 ].

2015 July 17, “Bacterial Exposure at the Larval Stage Induced Sexual Immune Dimorphism and Priming in Adult Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(genetics) replication of the nuclear genome without cell division


adhesiolysis

Where adhesiolysis is needed before progressing, we distinguish between vascular and avascular adhesiolysis.

1989, Stig Bengmark, The peritoneum and peritoneal access, page 340:

The main reasons are technical difficulties in adhesiolysis and prolonged operative time.

2015 July 24, Ik Yong Kim, “Impact of Prior Abdominal Surgery on Rates of Conversion to Open Surgery and Short-Term Outcomes after Laparoscopic Surgery for Colorectal Cancer”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(surgery) The cutting or removal of adhesions or scar tissue.


antichlamydial

Although we cannot exclude that inter-clone recombination may have also contributed to this notable frequency increase, values of this magnitude were only previously observed under strong selective pressures with antichlamydial compounds [137 ].

2015 July 25, “Chlamydia trachomatis In Vivo to In Vitro Transition Reveals Mechanisms of Phase Variation and Down-Regulation of Virulence Factors”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(pharmacology) Acting against chlamydia.


polycholia

(pathology) An excessive secretion of bile


TUE

therapeutic use exemption
therapeutic use exemption#English

(sports pharmacology) Initialism of therapeutic use exemption.


therapeutic use exemption

therapeutic use exemption (plural therapeutic use exemptions)

(sports pharmacology) An exemption which allows the use of a banned substance for therapeutic purposes so that a ban from competition will not result when testing yields a positive results.


evolocumab

From [Term?] + -c- (“cardiovascular”) + -umab (“human monoclonal antibody”).

af

So was Repatha, or evolocumab, a similar drug developed by Amgen that is expected to win F.D.A. approval by the end of August.

2015 July 24, Andrew Pollack, “New Drug Sharply Lowers Cholesterol, but It’s Costly”, in New York Times:

(pharmacology) A human monoclonal antibody designed for the treatment of hyperlipidemia.


alirocumab

/ˌæl.ɪˈɹɑk.jəˌmæb/

Praluent, also known as alirocumab, was endorsed last month by outside advisers to the Food and Drug Administration .

(pharmacology) A human monoclonal antibody used to treat high cholesterol.


asthenoteratozoospermia

Infertility was caused by fallopian tube dysfunction and/or male-related factors (a diagnosis of asthenozoospermia and/or asthenoteratozoospermia or azoospermia according to the WHO Laboratory Manual for the Examination and Processing of Human Semen).

2015 July 25, “Clinical Outcomes of In Vitro Fertilization among Chinese Infertile Couples Treated for Syphilis Infection”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(pathology) A condition in which the motility and morphology of the sperm are both abnormal.


bioreductive

(medicine, of a prodrug) That undergoes bioreduction in order to form an active drug


rilpivirine

From [Term?] + -virine (“nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor”).

In this paper, we excluded the HIV infected patients taking indinavir, didanosine or rilpivirine as the initial regimen for cART.

2015 July 25, “Reasons and Risk Factors for the Initial Regimen Modification in Chinese Treatment-Naïve Patients with HIV Infection: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(pharmacology) A drug used to treat HIV infection.


submassive

Patients with submassive PE can be treated with anticoagulation medication alone as they are generally hemodynamically stable, whilst patients with massive PE usually present with hemodynamic instability and are treated with either pulmonary embolectomy or thrombolytic therapy.

2015 July 25, “Gender Differences in the Symptoms, Signs, Disease History, Lesion Position and Pathophysiology in Patients with Pulmonary Embolism”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(medicine, geology) Less than, or approaching, massive.


cotranslation

en-noun

cotranslation (countable and uncountable, plural cotranslations)

Immunoprecipitation then indicated that cotranslation resulted in stable complex formation of Kox1/TIF1B and Kox1KL/TIF1B (Fig. 18.2A, lane 4 and Fig. 18.2B, lane 11).

2012, James R. Swartz, Cell-Free Protein Expression, →ISBN, page 156:

(genetics) The process by which multiple ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule into multiple copies of the same protein.


peridural

In this study, we performed histopathologic assessment of postirradiation changes in the spinal dura mater and peridural tissue in mice.

2015 July 28, “Effects of Radiation on Spinal Dura Mater and Surrounding Tissue in Mice”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


reapproximation

reapproximation (usually uncountable, plural reapproximations)

(medicine) The process of reapproximating.


monoblepsis

(pathology) A defect of vision that is evident only if both eyes are open


subfascial

Indication: anatomic or pathophysiologic indication includes venous diameter within 2–20 mm, reflux time ≥0.5 seconds and distance from the skin ≥5 mm or subfascial location.

2014 December 31, Jin Hyun Joh et al., “Consensus for the Treatment of Varicose Vein with Radiofrequency Ablation”, in Vascular Specialist International, volume 30, →DOI:


schizophrenialike

en-adj

schizophrenialike (comparative more schizophrenialike, superlative most schizophrenialike)

more schizophrenialike (comparative)
most schizophrenialike (superlative)

His father described how other relatives had been mentally ill, including an aunt of the gunman who has a schizophrenialike condition.

2015 July 28, Jack Healy, “Aurora Killer’s Parents Plead to Spare His Life”, in New York Times:

(psychiatry) Resembling or characteristic of schizophrenia.

шизофреноподо́бный

resembling or characteristic of schizophrenia


enterorrhagia

en-noun

enterorrhagia (usually uncountable, plural enterorrhagias)

From enter- (“intestine”) + -rrhagia (“excessive discharge”).


glomerulonephropathy

Samples from 102 adult Dogue de Bordeaux dogs (47 non-proteinuric [urine protein-to-creatinine ratio≤0.2], 20 borderline-proteinuric [0.2 0.5]) were used, of which 2 were suffering from familial glomerulonephropathy.

2015 July 17, “Characterization of Proteinuria in Dogue de Bordeaux Dogs, a Breed Predisposed to a Familial Glomerulonephropathy: A Retrospective Study”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(pathology) Any disease of the renal glomeruli


monocomponent

(medicine) A single component usually administered with another


nephroangiosclerosis

(pathology) sclerosis of the renal arterioles


oxazaphosphorine

(medicine) Any of a family of anticancer drugs that contain this structure


choledochoduodenal

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 28 patients in whom a diagnosis was made with ERCP of benign peripapillary choledochoduodenal fistula between January 2009 and August 2014.

2015 May 15, Dong Shao, Jian Ping Chen, “Comparison of endoscopic papillary balloon dilatation with conventional endoscopic sphincterotomy for peripapillary choledochoduodenal fistula with bile duct stones”, in International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, volume 8:

(anatomy) Relating to the common bile duct and the duodenum.


cotranscribe

en-verb

cotranscribe (third-person singular simple present cotranscribes, present participle cotranscribing, simple past and past participle cotranscribed)

cotranscribes (present singular third-person)
cotranscribing (participle present)
cotranscribed (participle past)
cotranscribed (past)

The microRNA-143/-145 (miR-143 and miR-145) encoding genes are located in close proximity with each other on human chromosome 5 and are believed to be cotranscribed in the same bicistronic transcript.

2015 June 28, Wang Zhao, Shui-Ping Zhao, Yu-Hong Zhao, “MicroRNA-143/-145 in Cardiovascular Diseases”, in BioMed Research International, volume 2015, →DOI:

(genetics) To transcribe simultaneously.


galeterone

From [Term?] + -terone (“antiandrogen”).

(pharmacology) A steroidal antiandrogen under development for the treatment of prostate cancer.


pseudogenome

Yet, our preliminary experiments with adding reverse-complemented reads to the generated sequence resulted in rather moderate improvement in the pseudogenome length (e.g., shorter by about 15%), while handling the queries requires significant changes in the used data structures (and possibly more space needed for them).

2015 July 17, “Indexing Arbitrary-Length k -Mers in Sequencing Reads”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(genetics) A collection of genes that is only an incomplete genome


etoricoxib

From etori- (of unknown origin) + -coxib (“cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor”).

af

A selective COX-2 inhibitor, etoricoxib, was reported to reduce the expression of NF-κB protein and inhibit DMH-induced colon ACF in rats.

2015 July 14, Li Zhang, Handong Wang, Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati, “Multiple Mechanisms of Anti-Cancer Effects Exerted by Astaxanthin”, in Marine Drugs, volume 13, →DOI:

nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug

(pharmacology) A synthetic, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug with antipyretic, analgesic, and potential antineoplastic properties.


triploidization

In these other populations, the preference of triploid females towards type I males is probably high enough to promote triploidization and counter the effect of the assortative mating occurring among the tetraploid genomotype (Fig 5 ).

2015 July 17, “Mate Choice Drives Evolutionary Stability in a Hybrid Complex”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(genetics) The conversion of a diploid or tetraploid organism into a triploid one


hypophagia

Supporting the glucostatic hypothesis, in vivo studies have demonstrated destroying selected hypothalamic nuclei or regions, including the VMH, induces hyperphagia and obesity, while the ablation of the LHA, leads to hypophagia and loss of bodyweight.

2015 June 17, Roberto Elizondo-Vega et al., “The role of tanycytes in hypothalamic glucosensing”, in Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, volume 19, →DOI:


midiprep

en-noun

midiprep (countable and uncountable, plural midipreps)


nonavalent

The Merck nonavalent HPV vaccine that is currently being tested would be better than both of these, because it protects from infection from 9 HPV types but would still not impact on all HPV types.

2015 April 2, Anna-Lise Williamson, Jane Grant-Kels, “The Interaction between Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Human Papillomaviruses in Heterosexuals in Africa”, in Journal of Clinical Medicine, volume 4, →DOI:

(medicine) Having a vaccine valence of 9.


ruxolitinib

For example, Gallipoli et al. reported that combination of nilotinib with ruxolitinib could induce apoptosis in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) stem cells through inhibiting JAK-2/STAT-5 signaling pathway.

The first jakinib to enter clinical trials, initially for renal transplantation, was tofacitinib, which inhibits JAK1/JAK2/JAK3; however, ruxolitinib, a JAK1/JAK2 inhibitor, was the first agent to receive approval, as a treatment for myeloproliferative neoplasms that often exhibit gain-of-function JAK2 mutations.

2021 December, Christine Liu, Jacqueline Kieltyka, Roy Fleischmann, Massimo Gadina, John J. O’Shea, “A Decade of JAK Inhibitors: What Have We Learned and What May Be the Future?”, in Arthritis & Rheumatology, volume 73, number 12, →DOI, page 2168:

(pharmacology) A medication belonging to the class of Janus kinase inhibitors, used for the treatment of several diseases including myelofibrosis and polycythemia vera.


vintafolide

From vin- (“vinca alkaloid”) + [Term?] + folyl + -ide.

af

(pharmacology) A drug, being investigated as a cancer treatment, that combines vinblastine with a small molecule targeting the folate receptor.


allelotype

(genetics) The frequency distribution of a set of alleles in a population.


allelotype

en-verb

allelotype (third-person singular simple present allelotypes, present participle allelotyping, simple past and past participle allelotyped)

allelotypes (present singular third-person)
allelotyping (participle present)
allelotyped (participle past)
allelotyped (past)

(genetics) To measure such frequency distributions.


glucosensing

Finally, in vivo studies are necessary to demonstrate that the tanycyte-neuron interaction is required for hypothalamic glucosensing.

(neurology) Detection of a glucose signal by a specialized neuron.


moyamoya

We previously reported that patients of moyamoya disease showed high CD34 + cell levels (2.28 ± 0.53 cells/μL) compared with control subjects (0.89 ± 0.07 cells/μL) 9 .

2014 December 13, Hisashi Makino et al., “Decreased levels of circulating CD34+ cells are associated with coronary heart disease in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes”, in Journal of Diabetes Investigation, volume 6, →DOI:

(medicine) A disease in which certain arteries in the brain are constricted.


hairpluck

Another source of easily accessible material are follicles from hairplucks.

2015 June 19, Anna M. Drozd et al., “Generation of human iPSCs from cells of fibroblastic and epithelial origin by means of the oriP/EBNA-1 episomal reprogramming system”, in Stem Cell Research & Therapy, volume 6, →DOI:

(medicine) The act of plucking out one or more hairs.


upcode

upcode (third-person singular simple present upcodes, present participle upcoding, simple past and past participle upcoded)

upcodes (present singular third-person)
upcoding (participle present)
upcoded (participle past)
upcoded (past)

Several factors appear to have fueled the PBD epidemic: […]; and diagnostic upcoding in the U.S. health system that rations treatment according to DSM diagnoses [ 14 ].

2014 March 28, Peter Parry, “Biologism in Psychiatry: A Young Man’s Experience of Being Diagnosed with “Pediatric Bipolar Disorder””, in Journal of Clinical Medicine, volume 3, →DOI:

(medicine, chiefly US) To change the diagnostic code of a patient's condition from the correct code to one for which a larger amount can be billed.


environmentability

en-noun

environmentability (countable and uncountable, plural environmentabilities)

(genetics) The proportion of variability that is environmental, rather than genetic, in origin.


steatodism

(medicine) The symptoms associated with the bite of spiders of the genus Steatoda.


hyperadrenergic

In light of the hyperadrenergic state that has been described after severe head injury, we hypothesized that labetalol would preserve intestinal homeostasis by preventing increased intestinal permeability after TBI. Materials and Methods Animals and TBI Model The study protocol was approved by the Fudan University, Ministry of Science Animal Ethics Committee.

2015 July 18, “Labetalol Prevents Intestinal Dysfunction Induced by Traumatic Brain Injury”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


immunomarker

The search for a specific immunomarker of malignancy sheds light on a huge number of ICC stains although none of them attempt to yield 100% conclusive results.

2015 July 18, “The Role of CD56 in Thyroid Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology: A Pilot Study Performed on Liquid Based Cytology”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(immunology) Any immunohistochemical marker


immunopanel

The low specificity suggests that an immunopanel including also HBME-1 and Galectin-3 could obtain the highest diagnostic accuracy in thyroid lesions.


intracalvarium

By checking with orbital and intracalvarium MRI, in all the patients hypoplasia of the ocular motor nerves and the extraocular muscles could be shown (Table 1 ).

2015 July 18, “Brain Abnormalities in Congenital Fibrosis of the Extraocular Muscles Type 1: A Multimodal MRI Imaging Study”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


invirase

The HAART therapy used the classic regim with 2–4 drugs: an association between two inhibitors of protease, nucleosidic inhibitors of reverse transcriptase, protease inhibitor and non-nucleosidic inhibitor of reverse transcriptase (kaletra, abacavir + lamivudine, invirase, zidovudine + lamivudine, ritonavir, didanosine, darunavir, andetravirine).

2015 July 18, “The Need for Cervical Cancer Control in HIV-Positive and HIV-Negative Women from Romania by Primary Prevention and by Early Detection Using Clinically Validated HPV/DNA Tests”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(medicine) An antiviral drug that prevents the multiplication of HIV cells


rescuant

The mutation was also present in a rescuant virus and in two dl1403-derived viruses, D8 and FXE, but absent from the parental 17+, suggesting that the mutation was introduced during the construction of the dl1403 virus, and not as a result of passage in culture.

2015 July 18, “Widely Used Herpes Simplex Virus 1 ICP0 Deletion Mutant Strain dl 1403 and Its Derivative Viruses Do Not Express Glycoprotein C Due to a Secondary Mutation in the gC Gene”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(genetics) A rescued mutation, typically in a virus.


rickettsemia

Indeed, we tested this hypothesis recently by examining two of these mutant clones; Ech_0379 and Ech_0660, and the study suggested that the attenuated mutants are useful in reducing the rickettsemia when challenged with wild-type infections [19 ].

2015 July 18, “Mutations in Ehrlichia chaffeensis Causing Polar Effects in Gene Expression and Differential Host Specificities”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(pathology) The presence of rickettsia bacteria in the blood


coracoacromial

Patients were excluded if they presented any of the following: previous shoulder surgery; pseudoparalysis; insufficiency of the coracoacromial arch (type 2 B in Seebauer's classification); neurological lesions; or insufficiency of the deltoid muscle and the subscapularis muscle.

2015 April 23, Antônio Carlos Tenor Júnior et al., “Low-term results from non-conventional partial arthroplasty for treating rotator cuff arthroplasthy☆”, in Revista Brasileira de Ortopedia, volume 50, →DOI:

(anatomy) Relating to the coracoid process and the acromion.

coracoacromial

relating to the coracoid process and the acromion


talonavicular

Subtalar dislocation can be defined as simultaneous dislocation of both the talonavicular and the talocalcaneal joints without a major fracture of the talus.

2015, Bassir Rida-Allah et al., “Rare case of pure medial subtalar dislocation: Conservative treatment and 32 months follow-up”, in Journal of Emergencies, Trauma, and Shock, volume 8, →DOI:

(anatomy) Relating to the talus and the navicular bone.


angiostrongyliasis

It is endemic to the Americas (from southern USA to northern Argentina in South America) and in humans causes abdominal or intestinal angiostrongyliasis, which mimics appendicitis with eosinophilia [5 ,6 ].

2015 August 1, “Mitochondrial Genome Supports Sibling Species of Angiostrongylus costaricensis (Nematoda: Angiostrongylidae)”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(medicine) Infection by a nematode of the genus Angiostrongylus.


cardiopuncture

Following reperfusion, a portion of the blood was collected by cardiopuncture, and the heart was harvested and washed with ice-cold normal saline.

2015 July 2, Shulin Wang et al., “Febuxostat pretreatment attenuates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury via mitochondrial apoptosis”, in Journal of Translational Medicine, volume 13, →DOI:


cardiocentesis

(surgery) incision or puncture into the heart


cranialization

A craniotomy with cranialization of the mastoid sinus and thorough sealing of the defect in the mastoid bone was performed to prevent air from escaping through the sinus into the epidural space.

2015 June 26, Vidar Rao, Oddrun Fredriksli, Sasha Gulati, “Post-traumatic epidural tension pneumocephalus: a case report”, in Journal of Medical Case Reports, volume 9, →DOI:

(surgery) translocation into the cranium


immunogenomics

Diversity profiles may, therefore, become a valuable bioinformatical tool for technological benchmarking and normalization of immune repertoire sequencing in the future, enabling cross-laboratory comparisons and meta-analyses, which would be highly valuable in advancing the development of next-generation immunogenomics diagnostics.

2015 May 28, Victor Greiff et al., “A bioinformatic framework for immune repertoire diversity profiling enables detection of immunological status”, in Genome Medicine, volume 7, →DOI:

(immunology, genetics) The application of genomics to immunology


immunohistopathology

The three AD cases showed distinct differences in regional THK5117 binding that were also observed in tau immunohistopathology as well as in clinical presentation.

2015 July 2, Laetitia Lemoine et al., “Visualization of regional tau deposits using 3H-THK5117 in Alzheimer brain tissue”, in Acta Neuropathologica Communications, volume 3, →DOI:

(immunology) histopathology in the presence of antibodies that bind to tissue components and thus reveal their presence


immunoneutral

On the other hand, the main commercial emulsions that we used to provide lipids were the combination of Clinoleic® with Omegaven® and no studies yet show whether the immunoneutral effect of high amounts of olive oil could contribute to the improvement of some liver parameters.

2015 July 2, Maria B. Badia-Tahull et al., “The relationship between the parenteral dose of fish oil supplementation and the variation of liver function tests in hospitalized adult patients”, in Nutrition Journal, volume 14, →DOI:

(immunology) Having a neutral effect on the immune system


phenserine

The patient was diagnosed with AD, treated with phenserine and rivastigmine (cholinesterase inhibitors) and underwent 18 F-FDG PET.

(medicine) A physostigmine analog (N-phenylcarbamoyleseroline, 1,2,3,3a,8,8a-hexahydro-1,3a,8-trimethyl-pyrrolo[2,3-b]indol-5-ol phenylcarbamate) that inhibits acetylcholinesterase


pontomedullary

The extensive infiltrative T2-hyperintense and contrast-enhanced lesion involved bilateral frontal lobes, both anterior horns of lateral ventricles, the corpus callosum and bilateral basal ganglias combined with leptomeningeal seeding at the pontomedullary junction (Additional file 3 : Figure S1).

2015 July 2, Chan Woo Wee et al., “Evaluation of variability in target volume delineation for newly diagnosed glioblastoma: a multi-institutional study from the Korean Radiation Oncology Group”, in Radiation Oncology (London, England), volume 10, →DOI:

(anatomy) Relating to, or connecting the pons and the medulla oblongata


pseudogenized

This pattern strongly suggests that a deletion of the promoter region occurred in the common ancestor of muroids and abrogated the transcription of exon 1A (as observed in mouse, where the pseudogenized exon 1A is not transcribed […]

2015 July 2, Alexa Sadier et al., “Tinkering signaling pathways by gain and loss of protein isoforms: the case of the EDA pathway regulator EDARADD”, in BMC Evolutionary Biology, volume 15, →DOI:

(genetics) Converted or mutated to a pseudogene.


antithrombosis

These results may indicate that CMC-Na has negative influence on antithrombosis at 24 hours but no influence at 48 hours.

2015 July 21, “Preventive Effect of Aspirin Eugenol Ester on Thrombosis in κ-Carrageenan-Induced Rat Tail Thrombosis Model”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(medicine) The effect of an antithrombotic agent


endograft

When the distant landing zone in the common iliac artery (CIA) is too short to anchor, the endograft limb should be extended into the external iliac artery (EIA), thus covering the original internal iliac artery (IIA).

2015 July 21, “8-Year Long-Term Outcome Comparison: Two Ways to Exclude the Internal Iliac Artery during Endovascular Aorta Repair (EVAR) Surgery”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


endoluminal

From endo- + luminal or endo- + lumen + -al.


tubuloglomerular

Myogenic constriction and tubuloglomerular feedback mechanisms mediate renal autoregulation; however, intrinsic factors including nitric oxide and agonists for guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein)-coupled receptors (GPCRs), particularly angiotensin II via the renin-angiotensin system, regulate RBF by modulating renal vascular resistance (RVR) in pre- and post-glomerular arterioles.

2015 July 21, “Regulation of Renal Hemodynamics and Function by RGS2”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(anatomy) Relating to the tubules and glomeruli of the kidney


angiocath

From angio- + cath, originally from brand name Angiocath.

Trainees will be required to gain proficiency in venipunctures, angiocaths and medicut in our laboratory.

1970, Drug Intelligence & Clinical Pharmacy, page 184:

There are two basic types of IV apparatus: butterflies and angiocaths.

1988, Robert A. Harrell, Gary S. Firestein, Mark W. Woodruff, The effective scutboy: the principles and practice of scut, page 85:

This technique may be performed with any style catheter and an 18 (or larger) gauge angiocath

2015, Joel E. Abbott et al., “A clever technique for placement of a urinary catheter over a wire”, in Urology Annals, volume 7, →DOI:

(medicine) A shielded intravenous catheter.


aceruloplasminemia

Moreover MCOs play critical roles in Fe, Cu and O 2 metabolism and are directly related to a range of genetic diseases (oculocutaneous albinism, aceruloplasminemia, etc.) and health issues (atherosclerosis, control of neurotransmitters, etc.)

2015 July 22, “Bilirubin Oxidase from Myrothecium verrucaria Physically Absorbed on Graphite Electrodes. Insights into the Alternative Resting Form and the Sources of Activity Loss”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(pathology) The lack of ceruloplasmin in the blood; the disorder associated with it


aneupolyploid

(genetics) Having a mutation in a few chromosomes of a genome


aneupolyploid

(genetics) An organism having a mutation in a few chromosomes of a genome


arthrofibrosis

Diagnosis of arthrofibrosis and frozen shoulder remains difficult and the self-reported data included pain, as well as stiffness.

2015 July 22, “Joint Stiffness Is Heritable and Associated with Fibrotic Conditions and Joint Replacement”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(pathology) The formation of fibrous tissue within a joint

artrofibrose

the formation of fibrous tissue within a joint


hypercortisolemia

(pathology) The presence of an elevated amount of cortisol (hydrocortisone) in the blood


arteriolopathy

arteriolopathy (countable and uncountable, plural arteriolopathies)

Improvements in the focal oxygen supply by HBO ameliorated calcific uremic arteriolopathy in high-altitude areas.

2015 June 15, Hai-tao Zhu et al., “Hyperbaric oxygen therapy ameliorates acute brain injury after porcine intracerebral hemorrhage at high altitude”, in Critical Care, volume 19, →DOI:


capsuloligamentous

The BND is caused by intra-articular proliferation of the synovia of the PIP joint, which distends the capsuloligamentous apparatus, leading to extension of both MCP and DIP joints associated with a flexion deformity of the PIP joint.

2015 July 8, Umile Giuseppe Longo, Stefano Petrillo, Vincenzo Denaro, “Current Concepts in the Management of Rheumatoid Hand”, in International Journal of Rheumatology, volume 2015, →DOI:

(anatomy) Relating to a capsule and a ligament.


spillback

spillback (countable and uncountable, plural spillbacks)

(epidemiology) The spread of an infectious pathogen from humans to non-human animals.


extradigital

Even though glomus tumors are rare incidents and even rarer to see in extradigital locations, a review of literature suggests that these lesions may be more common than they are thought to be.

2015 July 8, Kemal Beksaç et al., “Extradigital Glomus Tumor of Thigh”, in Case Reports in Surgery, volume 2015, →DOI:


meningogenic

Green and colleagues demonstrated that ossification due to meningogenic labyrinthitis extended further into the cochlea than ossification due to other causes.

2015 July 5, Micol Busi et al., “Cochlear Implant Outcomes and Genetic Mutations in Children with Ear and Brain Anomalies”, in BioMed Research International, volume 2015, →DOI:


Roux-en-Y

From French; named after César Roux, the surgeon who first described it.

(surgery, attributive) A form of anastomosis involving a division of the small intestine, resulting in a Y-shaped configuration.


pelviabdominal

They may present as vague abdominal pain, acute abdomen, and an asymptomatic pelviabdominal mass, with features of hormonal derangement, or be discovered incidentally on a routine imaging.

2015 July 5, Shaza Ali Mohammed Elhassan, Shabina Khan, Ahmed El-Makki, “Giant Ovarian Cyst Masquerading as Massive Ascites in an 11-Year-Old”, in Case Reports in Pediatrics, volume 2015, →DOI:

(anatomy) Relating to pelvis and abdomen.


karlotoxin

Exposure of gill cells to algal extracts, brevetoxins and PST toxins was for 2 hrs, and to karlotoxin for 2, 3, 4 and 5 hrs.

2015 July 22, “Progress in Understanding Algal Bloom-Mediated Fish Kills: The Role of Superoxide Radicals, Phycotoxins and Fatty Acids”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(toxicology) Any of a class of amphipathic toxins isolated from Karlodinium veneficum


storiform

en-adj

storiform (comparative more storiform, superlative most storiform)

more storiform (comparative)
most storiform (superlative)

(pathology) Cells arranged in a woven pattern


minigenome

Therefore, these host factors should be required for the expression of Gluc in the A549-5Ps cells, if the replication and expression of the viral minigenome mimic the same process that occurred during IAV infection.

2015 July 22, “Establishment of a High-Throughput Assay to Monitor Influenza A Virus RNA Transcription and Replication”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


mofetil

With respect to the cytotoxic effects, compounds 2–7 fall into two groups: the alkyl esters ( 2, 3 ) and the mofetil ester 4 on one hand, and the basic heterocyclic esters 5–7 on the other hand.

2015 July 22, “Esters of Bendamustine Are by Far More Potent Cytotoxic Agents than the Parent Compound against Human Sarcoma and Carcinoma Cells”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(pharmacology) Contraction of morpholinoethyl.


myelinophagia

In addition, formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded samples of a sciatic nerve of a dog suffering from degenerative neuropathy of unknown origin, characterized by multifocal spheroid formation, dilatation of myelin sheaths and myelinophagia was included to compare the Schwann cell phenotypes in injured peripheral nerve and brain.

2015 July 22, “Contribution of Schwann Cells to Remyelination in a Naturally Occurring Canine Model of CNS Neuroinflammation”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(pathology) Destruction of myelin (as if eaten away).


aerophore

The Aerophore was attached as soon as respiration ceased and was continued for three minutes at which time the animal began to breathe spontaneously.

1944 February, AH Maloney, “Artificial Respiration and the Revair Aerophore”, in Anesthesia & Analgesia, volume 23, number 1:

The first apparatus used for intermittent positive pressure ventilation was the “aerophore pulmonaire,” developed by French obstetrician Gairal and made known to the public in 1897.

2001 August, MFB de Almeida, R Guinsburg, “Controversies in neonatal resuscitation”, in Jornal de pediatria:

The mouths and noses of the rats were covered with an aerophore to allow them to breathe in the water.

2003 June 15, Xueding Wang, Yongjiang Pang, Geng Ku, Xueyi Xie, George Stoica, Lihong V Wang, “Noninvasive laser-induced photoacoustic tomography for structural and functional in vivo imaging of the brain”, in Nature biotechnology, volume 21:

In the late 1800's Gairal, a French obstetrician, developed the “aerophore pulmonaire” which provided intermittent positive pressure ventilation of newborn infants.

2009, SC Broster, JS Ahluwalia, “Overview of assisted ventilation of the newborn”, in Paediatrics and Child Health:

(medicine) Aerophore pulmonaire; a respirator for use with neonates and small animals developed by French obstetrician Gairal in 1879.


preduodenal

(anatomy) Between the stomach and the duodenum


proghrelin

(physiology) Any of a class of peptides produced by ghrelin cells of the gastric mucosa


cnidogenesis

In the hydromedusa Clytia hemisphaerica, cell division and cnidogenesis is primarily restricted to interstitial stem cells in the proximal tentacle bulbs.

2015 August 5, “Structural and Developmental Disparity in the Tentacles of the Moon Jellyfish Aurelia sp . 1”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


acratia

From ἀ- (a-, “un-”) + κράτος (krátos, “strength”).

compound

Patients with edema of the lower limbs, drowsiness acratia, abdominal distension, gloomy tongue with stagnation, knotted and intermittent pulse, etc., caused by deficiency of kidney qi and dampness and blood stasis, usually can be treated with True Warrior Decoction combined with Danshen, peach seed, mongolian milkvetch root, and lalang grass rhizome.

2014, Xijun Yan, Dan Shen (Salvia miltiorrhiza) in Medicine, →ISBN:

(medicine) Feebleness; impotence or lack of strength due to lack of tone.


antidysentery

(pharmacology) Working against dysentery.


zygomaticomalar

Mean injection volumes for initial and touch-up treatments combined for the zygomaticomalar region, anteromedial cheek, and submalar region were 2.39 mL (range, 0.1-7.0 mL), 2.12 mL (range, 0.4-5.7 mL), and 2.42 mL (range, 0.2-10.0 mL), respectively.

2015 May 11, Julius Few et al., “A Multicenter, Single-Blind Randomized, Controlled Study of a Volumizing Hyaluronic Acid Filler for Midface Volume Deficit: Patient-Reported Outcomes at 2 Years”, in Aesthetic Surgery Journal, volume 35, →DOI:

(anatomy) Relating to the cheek and cheekbone.


arthrotomic

Among preclinical studies, 16 described arthrotomic implantation as a surgical procedure to treat focal osteochondral defects and 8 studies described intra-articular injections for an OA model.

2015 July 9, Francesco Perdisa et al., “Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells for the Treatment of Articular Cartilage: A Systematic Review on Preclinical and Clinical Evidence”, in Stem Cells International, volume 2015, →DOI:


quant suff

Borrowed from Latin quantum sufficit (“as much as is required”), then clipped to only the first syllable of each word.

bor

(pharmacology, dated) The amount of the last ingredient in a recipe or prescription required to make it up to the required quantity of a mixture.


pure O

obsessive-compulsive disorder
obsessive-compulsive disorder

(psychology, psychiatry) A form of obsessive-compulsive disorder mainly characterized by obsessive thoughts, with few observable compulsions.


monokidney

Special medical care and education should be afforded to living kidney donors and people with congenital monokidney, especially in pregnancy and other high-output situations like in patients with hyperthyroidism and arteriovenous fistula to avoid/correct volume overload conditions and to attenuate the negative consequences of volume overload in this special population.

2015 August 8, “Aggravated Cardiac Remodeling post Aortocaval Fistula in Unilateral Nephrectomized Rats”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(pathology) The condition of having a single kidney instead of the usual two.


humeroradial

The injured limb was positioned on the surgery table with elbow flexion ranging from 30° to 60° and forearm pronated to expose radial head, humeroradial joint and proximal radioulnar joint.

2015 August 5, Jian Wang et al., “Annular ligament reconstruction by suture anchor for treatment of radial head dislocation in children”, in BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, volume 16, →DOI:

(anatomy) Relating to the humerus and radius.


humeroulnar

Follow-up X-ray examinations demonstrated excellent congruity of both the radio capitellar joints and the humeroulnar.

(anatomy) Relating to the humerus and ulna.


platyspondyly

The bone involvement is complex with narrow thorax, broad ribs, platyspondyly, hypoplastic idiopathic branches, small obturator foramen, bilateral coxa valga, large medullary canals and generalized osteopenia.

2015 August 5, Piero Pavone et al., “Congenital generalized hypertrichosis: the skin as a clue to complex malformation syndromes”, in Italian Journal of Pediatrics, volume 41, →DOI:


Boas' sign

Named after Ismar Isidor Boas (1858–1938), German physician.

(medicine) hyperesthesia below the right scapula, sometimes a symptom of acute cholecystitis


median eminence

en-noun

median eminence (plural median eminences)

(anatomy) Part of the inferior boundary for the hypothalamus in the human brain.


lateral malleolus

lateral malleolus (plural lateral malleoli)

(anatomy) The prominence on the outer side of the ankle, formed by the lower end of the fibula.


medial malleolus

medial malleolus (plural medial malleoli)

(anatomy) The prominence on the inner side of the ankle, formed by the lower end of the tibia.


ISIN

(medicine) Abbreviation of intrasinal. (pertaining to the periorbital and nasal sinuses)


higry-pigry

(medicine, rare) Alternative form of hiera picra


HDA

HDA (countable and uncountable, plural HDAs)

(genetics) Initialism of helicase dependent amplification.


ovarian follicle

ovarian follicle (plural ovarian follicles)

(anatomy) A spherical cellular aggregation found in the ovaries, each of them containing a single oocyte, or an immature ovum.


overelevation

Overaction of the inferior oblique muscle (IOOM) is manifest by overelevation of the adducted eye.

2015 June 10, Jasmina Alajbegovic-Halimic et al., “Recession Vs Myotomy–Comparative Analysis of Two Surgical Procedures of Weakening Inferior Oblique Muscle Overaction”, in Medical Archives, volume 69, →DOI:


sternomental

Another relevant measurement is the sternomental distance (SMD).

2015 July 30, Ibai López-de-Uralde-Villanueva et al., “Relationships between craniocervical posture and pain-related disability in patients with cervico-craniofacial pain”, in Journal of Pain Research, volume 8, →DOI:

(anatomy) Relating to the sternum and chin.


tibiotalocalcaneal

At an average follow-up of 4 years, 2 of 10 cases had to be converted to tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis because of persistent pain with substantial arthrofibrosis, but not loosening.

2015 July 21, Monika Horisberger et al., “Bone augmentation for revision total ankle arthroplasty with large bone defects”, in Acta Orthopaedica, volume 86, →DOI:

(anatomy) Relating to the tibia, talus, and calcaneus.


daclatasvir

From [Term?] + -asvir (“hepatitis C virus NS5A inhibitor”).

af

In contrast, the HIV-1 protease inhibitor nelfinavir or the HCV NS5A inhibitor daclatasvir only blocks the replication of a single virus in the “co-infection” system.

2015 August 12, “The Novel Cyclophilin Inhibitor CPI-431-32 Concurrently Blocks HCV and HIV-1 Infections via a Similar Mechanism of Action”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(pharmacology) A drug for the treatment of hepatitis C.


apitoxin

(toxicology) The venom found in a honey bee's sting.


arterioportal

(medicine) Relating to the artery and the portal vein.

arterioportal

relating to the artery and the portal vein


elbasvir

(pharmacology) An experimental drug for the treatment of hepatitis C.


grazoprevir

From [Term?] + -previr (“hepatitis C virus protease inhibitor”).

A phase-II multicenter study has assessed the efficacy and safety of the combination of grazoprevir (MK-5172) and elbasvir (MK-8742) given to patients with chronic hepatitis and chronic kidney disease, including hemodialysis patients […]

2015 July 16, Mireille Mehawej et al., “Boceprevir-Based Triple Antiviral Therapy for Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Kidney-Transplant Candidates”, in Journal of Transplantation, volume 2015, →DOI:


immunomodulant

(immunology) Any immunomodulatory material


intracanal

The main intrinsic factors are pulp hemorrhage, decomposition of pulp, bacteria and their products, tetracycline, pulp necrosis, intracanal medicaments, some endodontic filling materials, and metallic restorations, With the dissemination of blood components into the dentinal tubules caused by pulp extirpation or traumatically induced internal pulp bleeding, blood vessels are broken, promoting blood overflow into the pulp chamber.

2015 July 14, Mohammad E. Rokaya et al., “Evaluation of Extraradicular Diffusion of Hydrogen Peroxide during Intracoronal Bleaching Using Different Bleaching Agents”, in International Journal of Dentistry, volume 2015, →DOI:


portocaval

portocaval anastomosis

portocaval shunt

He divided extrahepatic portocaval shunts into two types: first, end-to-side shunts, where the portal vein (PV) terminates in the inferior vena cava (IVC), and the second, side-to-side shunts in which there is venous communication between a patent PV and the IVC.

2015 July 14, Kalyan Paudel, Eric K. Hoffer, “Transhepatic Embolization of Congenital Intrahepatic Portosystemic Venous Shunts with Associated Aneurysms”, in Case Reports in Medicine, volume 2015, →DOI:

(anatomy) Relating to the portal vein and the vena cava.

portocaval

relating to the portal vein and the vena cava


rasceta

From Medieval Latin rasceta, rasca, rascha, rasga, misread from Arabic رُسْغ (rusḡ).

(medicine) The wrinkling and creases on the inner surface of the wrist.


antimesenteric

A partially ruptured 10 ×8 cm pedunculated mass arising at antimesenteric border of the ileum around 4 feet proximal to ileocaecal region was found ( Fig.

2015 June 3, S Kumar et al., “An unusual cause of hemoperitoneum: case report with review of literature”, in International Journal of Surgery Case Reports, volume 12, →DOI:

(anatomy) Opposite the mesenteric attachment of the intestine


peritonism

On arrival she was afebrile but tachycardic, with local peritonism in the left renal angle and left iliac fossa despite large amounts of opioid analgesia.

2015 May 7, E. Maughan et al., “Endovascular management of renal artery aneurysm rupture in pregnancy – A case report”, in International Journal of Surgery Case Reports, volume 12, →DOI:

(pathology) Any condition having the symptoms of peritonitis but without the inflammation of the peritoneum


vagosympathetic

Thyroidectomy is generally not recommended for bilateral tumors or when there is tumor invasion into the adjacent structures, including the blood vessels, recurrent laryngeal nerves, vagosympathetic trunk, parathyroid glands, and larynx and trachea [ 1, 11, 15 ].

2015 February 14, Sho FUKUI et al., “Identification and preservation of the parathyroid gland during total thyroidectomy in dogs with bilateral thyroid carcinoma: a report of six cases”, in The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science, volume 77, →DOI:

sympathetic nervous system
sympathetic nervous system

(anatomy) Relating to the vagus nerve and the sympathetic nervous system


beta cell

Coordinate term: alpha cell

(anatomy) A basophil of the adenohypophysis.

Coordinate term: alpha cell

islets of Langerhans
islets of Langerhans

(anatomy) An endocrine cell, located in the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas, primarily responsible for the storage and release of insulin.

béta-sejt

endocrine cell in the pancreas that stores and releases insulin


pericommissural

Accordingly, cocaine-induced reinstatement of responding was inhibited by baclofen+muscimol inactivation of the pericommissural core, whereas inactivation of the ventromedial shell enhanced it.

2015 July 31, Gerald Zernig, Barbara S. Pinheiro, “Dyadic social interaction inhibits cocaine-conditioned place preference and the associated activation of the accumbens corridor”, in Behavioural Pharmacology, volume 26, →DOI:


rectovestibular

Surgical measures are currently under discussion as a radical treatment for rectovestibular fistula.

2015 June 24, Jun Shinozuka et al., “Neonatal Sweet’s Syndrome Associated with Rectovestibular Fistula with Normal Anus”, in Pediatric Reports, volume 7, →DOI:

(anatomy) Relating to the rectum and the vestibule.


bronchopleural

Recently, a long list of embolic agents, including blood clots, gelatin, silicon rubber plugs, various sponge materials, fibrin glue, metallic coils, have been introduced and the endobronchial vascular occlusion coils for control of a bronchopleural fistula has been reported. 9, 10 In the present case, we attempted to close the fistula tract initially by injecting tissue adhesive glue mixed with radiopaque fluid, which is generally used by interventional radiology field, however, we did not succeed.

2013 May 31, Kun-Moo Choi, Young-Don Kim, Jae-Hong Ahn, “Closure of pancreatoduodenal fistula using vascular occluding coil embolization and fibrin glue injection: a case study”, in Korean Journal of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, volume 17, →DOI:

(anatomy) Relating to, or connecting the bronchus and the pleura


chromaturia

The most common AE was chromaturia (in 32 subjects), a known effect associated with rifampin treatment.

2015 June 12, Jeanne Mendell et al., “The Effect of Rifampin on the Pharmacokinetics of Edoxaban in Healthy Adults”, in Clinical Drug Investigation, volume 35, →DOI:

(pathology) Any abnormal colouration of the urine


oncoplastic

Increases in the proportion of early breast cancer patients and the wide adoption of oncoplastic surgery and neoadjuvant chemotherapy may have contributed to these observed changes in surgical trends.

2015 June 26, Zisun Kim et al., “The Basic Facts of Korean Breast Cancer in 2012: Results from a Nationwide Survey and Breast Cancer Registry Database”, in Journal of Breast Cancer, volume 18, →DOI:

(surgery) Describing plastic surgery that mitigates the physical effects of cancer


prehepatic

Administration of intravenous edoxaban with and without rifampin may have differentiated the prehepatic versus hepatic effects of rifampin on parent and metabolite exposure.

(anatomy, biochemistry) upstream of the liver in the circulation of the hepatic portal system; and thus, before the metabolic effect of the liver.


sectionectomy

The median operation time was 522 minutes (range, 422 to 605 minutes) for right hepatectomy, 220 minutes (range, 144 to 271 minutes) for left lateral sectionectomy, and 90 minutes for wedge resection.

2014 November 30, In Sung Kim, Choon Hyuck David Kwon, “Feasibility of laparoscopic liver resection for giant hemangioma of greater than 6 cm in diameter”, in Korean Journal of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, volume 18, →DOI:

(surgery) Removal of a section of an organ.


aclidinium

From [Term?] + -clidinium (“muscarinic receptor agonist/antagonist”).

(pharmacology) A particular muscarinic antagonist, administered in the bromide form.


trabacula

(anatomy) Alternative form of trabecula (“small, dense piece of collagenous tissue”)


indacaterol

From ind(enyl) + ca(rbostyril) + -terol (“phenethylamine derivative”).

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

(pharmacology) An ultra-long-acting beta-adrenoceptor agonist used in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.


oclacitinib

Delgocitinib (JTE-052) is a topical jakinib approved in Japan for atopic dermatitis and oclacitinib, a JAK1/JAK2/JAK3 inhibitor, is approved for canine allergic dermatitis.

2021 December, Christine Liu, Jacqueline Kieltyka, Roy Fleischmann, Massimo Gadina, John J. O’Shea, “A Decade of JAK Inhibitors: What Have We Learned and What May Be the Future?”, in Arthritis & Rheumatology, volume 73, number 12, →DOI, page 2170:

(pharmacology) A veterinary medication belonging to the class of Janus kinase inhibitors, used for the treatment of atopic dermatitis in dogs.


oculovestibular

We intubated the mannequin with a 6.0-mm endotracheal tube and provided a flashlight for pupillary reflex assessment, cotton swabs for corneal reflex assessment, an 18-G needle as noxious stimuli to the neck for ciliospinal reflex assessment, a 30-cc syringe with a suction catheter for oculovestibular reflex assessment, and a laryngoscope and suction catheter for gag reflex assessment.

2015 August 12, Takashi Araki et al., “Simulation-based training for determination of brain death by pediatric healthcare providers”, in SpringerPlus, volume 4, →DOI:

(anatomy) Relating to the eye and the vestibule.


rapalogue

Blend of rapamycin + analogue. By surface analysis, rapamycin + -logue.

However, despite initially promising preclinical and clinical data in renal cell carcinoma, studies now suggest that as single agents, the activity of rapalogues is modest and sporadic in other solid tumors.

2015 August 6, Tracey R. O’Donovan et al., “Lithium Modulates Autophagy in Esophageal and Colorectal Cancer Cells and Enhances the Efficacy of Therapeutic Agents In Vitro and In Vivo”, in PLoS ONE, volume 10, →DOI:

(medicine) Any of several synthetic drugs that are analogues of rapamycin


trunkal

The gait of a cerebellar patient in the majority of cases is chiefly trunkal. The trunk may go backward, or forward, forward and to one side, or simply to one side.

1923, Nelson loose-leaf living medicine, volume 6, page 438:

A decrease in trunkal shift was noted from preoperative to last follow-up (p = 0.003).

2015 August 14, “Selection of fusion levels using the fulcrum bending radiograph for the management of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients with alternate level pedicle screw strategy: clinical decision-making and outcomes”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(anatomy) Relating to the trunk of the body.


scapulectomy

Recurrence of scapulothoracic bursitis following partial scapulectomy has been reported in one case and was attributed to the development of excessive scar tissue [ 26 ].

2015 July 26, John G. Skedros, Tanner D. Langston, Colton M. Phippen, “Surgical Correction of Posttraumatic Scapulothoracic Bursitis, Rhomboid Major Muscle Injury, Ipsilateral Glenohumeral Instability, and Headaches Resulting from Circus Acrobatic Maneuvers”, in Case Reports in Orthopedics, volume 2015, →DOI:


pyknocytosis

The management of infantile pyknocytosis consists of phototherapy for jaundice and correction of anemia by packed red blood cells transfusion.

2015 May 8, Mohamad El Nabouch et al., “Infantile pyknocytosis, a rare cause of hemolytic anemia in newborns: report of two cases in twin girls and literature overview”, in Clinical Case Reports, volume 3, →DOI:

(medicine) The presence of pyknocytes in the blood.


colobronchial

Fistulas and sinus tracts are hallmarks of Crohn’s disease, affecting approximately 20–40% of patients [7]. The morphology and anatomic sites of fistulas are protean: enteroenteric, enterocolic, colocolic, enterovesical, enterovaginal, enterocutaneous, anorectal, duodenopancreatic, gastrocolic, colobronchial, and enterospinal [48–54].

1996 July, Richard M. Gore, Emil J. Balthazar, Gary G. Ghahremani, Frank H. Miller, “CT Features of Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn’s Disease”, in American Journal of Roentgenology, volume 167, number 1, →DOI, page 9:

One of these is a case of colobronchial fistula.

2015 July 3, Hayim Gilshtein et al., “Inferior vena cava enteric fistula due to unresected colorectal metastasis”, in World Journal of Emergency Surgery : WJES, volume 10, →DOI:

(anatomy) Relating to the colon and the bronchi.


hypoaneuploidy

Thus, processes of hypoaneuploidy could affect genomic stability producing this variation in number of loci.

2015 July 8, Nayyereh Olanj et al., “The striking and unexpected cytogenetic diversity of genus Tanacetum L. (Asteraceae): a cytometric and fluorescent in situ hybridisation study of Iranian taxa”, in BMC Plant Biology, volume 15, →DOI:


isoperistaltic

In the latter case, the transverse colon was transected by linear stapler and an isoperistaltic side-to-side completely intracorporeal stapled anastomosis was maked^([sic]) (Fig. 3).

2015 July 7, Andrea Pisani Ceretti et al., “Laparoscopic colonic resection for splenic flexure cancer: our experience”, in BMC Gastroenterology, volume 15, →DOI:

(surgery, of a graft etc) Exhibiting peristalsis in the same direction


lipohyperplasia

en-noun

lipohyperplasia (usually uncountable, plural lipohyperplasias)

The patient underwent limited right hemicolectomy, and histology confirmed ileocecal lipohyperplasia.

2013 July 8, Hytham K S Hamid et al., “Ileocecal lipohyperplasia presenting as a chronic sideropenic anaemia”, in BMJ Case Reports, volume 2013, →DOI:

(pathology) hyperplasia involving lipocytes


macrohematuria

Five datasets, all owned by the authors of the manuscript, consisting of 939 patients obtained from different populations of patients who had either presented with macrohematuria at their primary diagnosis (Datasets 1–3) or for surveillance for UC recurrence (Datasets 4 and 5) were available for the study (Table 1).

2015 May 12, Vivienne Breen et al., “A holistic comparative analysis of diagnostic tests for urothelial carcinoma: a study of Cxbladder Detect, UroVysion® FISH, NMP22® and cytology based on imputation of multiple datasets”, in BMC Medical Research Methodology, volume 15, →DOI:

(pathology) hematuria in which the blood is clearly visible


primperan

Treatments included acetaminophen for pain associated with headache, primperan for vomiting, acetazolamine plus descent to low altitude for severe discomfort, breathlessness, loss of balance, and pulmonary/cerebral oedema, and a delayed or stopped ascent for discomfort with no pulmonary/cerebral oedema.

2015 May 8, Shih-Hao Wu et al., “The impact of physical fitness and body mass index in children on the development of acute mountain sickness: A prospective observational study”, in BMC Pediatrics, volume 15, →DOI:


tokolytic

en-adj

tokolytic (comparative more tokolytic, superlative most tokolytic)

more tokolytic (comparative)
most tokolytic (superlative)

(medicine) Alternative form of tocolytic


FODMAP

Although there may be a small subset of non-coeliacs who react to gluten through some as yet undiscovered pathway, he believes that for the vast majority, reducing the fodmap content of their diet could go a long way to easing their symptoms.

2015 August 16, Linda Geddes, “Leave it out: are food intolerances fact or fad?”, in The Observer:

The doctor says to avoid cruciferous vegetables and download a low-FODMAP diet app (FODMAP stands for fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols).

2022 October 2, Cara Schacter, “My Year of Stress and Constipation”, in The New York Times:

(nutrition, gastroenterology) Acronym of fermentable oligosaccharide(s), disaccharide(s), monosaccharide(s), and polyol(s).

發酵性碳水化合物 /发酵性碳水化合物

fermentable oligo-, di-, mono- saccharide and polyol


apronitin

Preliminary studies utilizing Platelet-Rich-Plasma (PRP) [ 26 ], anakinra (an interleukin-1 antagonist) [ 26 ] or apronitin (a MMP-inhibitor) [ 28 ] have produced encouraging results, suggesting that substances targeting IL-1β or inhibiting MMPs may be useful.

2015 July 9, Catherine Baugé et al., “TOL19-001 reduces inflammation and MMP expression in monolayer cultures of tendon cells”, in BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, volume 15, →DOI:

(medicine) An antifibrinolytic trypsin inhibitor


batticon

The surgical area was painted with batticon.

2015 July 8, Bilgehan Erkut, Oruc Alper Onk, “Effect of N-acetylcysteine and allopurinol combination to protect spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury induced by aortic cross-clamping in rat model”, in Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery, volume 10, →DOI:

(medicine) iodine suspended in povidone solution


buccolabial

Furthermore, consistent with our neurofilament staining, at later embryonic (E13.5 and E14.5) and early postnatal (P0) stages, the zygomatic, temporal, superior buccolabial, inferior buccolabial and marginal mandibular nerve branches of the facial (VII) nerve were observed in controls (Figure 3 e, g, i) and appeared truncated or absent in Nestin - Cre; Shox2 flox/ − mutant animals (Figure 3 f, h, j; arrows).

2015 July 9, Jessica M Rosin, Deborah M Kurrasch, John Cobb, “Shox2 is required for the proper development of the facial motor nucleus and the establishment of the facial nerves”, in BMC Neuroscience, volume 16, →DOI:

(anatomy) Relating to the cheek and the lip.

(dentistry) Relating to buccal (inner cheek) and labial (inner lip) surfaces, as:

(dentistry) In a location on the buccal and labial aspect (of a tooth or its socket).

(dentistry) In a direction with buccal and labial vectors.


cheilognathouranoschisis

en-noun

cheilognathouranoschisis (usually uncountable, plural cheilognathouranoschises)

From cheilo- + gnatho- + urano- + schisis.

The criteria for inclusion in the patient group were: […] Craniofacial anomalies or syndromes, or any form of cheilognathouranoschisis

2015 July 9, Andreas F. Hellak et al., “Influence of maxillary advancement surgery on skeletal and soft-tissue changes in the nose — a retrospective cone-beam computed tomography study”, in Head & Face Medicine, volume 11, →DOI:

(pathology) A cleavage of the lip, alveolar ridge and palate


coproantigen

Diagnosis of F. hepatica was previously based on coprological techniques alone, but with the advent of coproantigen, copro-PCR and enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) for the diagnosis of F. hepatica in sera and milk, detection of F. hepatica has become more sensitive [ 4, 5 ].

2015 July 9, Yris Bloemhoff et al., “Determining the Prevalence and Seasonality of Fasciola hepatica in Pasture-based Dairy herds in Ireland using a Bulk Tank Milk ELISA”, in Irish Veterinary Journal, volume 68, →DOI:

(immunology) Any of a group of antigens found in feces


ITE

ITE (countable and uncountable, plural ITEs)

(medicine, countable) An in the ear hearing aid.


immunosenescent

Restoration of response to vaccination in immunosenescent aged mice by CASAC likely reflects the benefits of multiple TLR triggering on DC function [ 14, 24, 25 ] and provision of IFN-γ could substitute for lack of IFN-γ from CD8+ memory cells during the early phase of immune response.

2015 June 25, Gee Jun Tye et al., “The combined molecular adjuvant CASAC enhances the CD8+ T cell response to a tumor-associated self-antigen in aged, immunosenescent mice”, in Immunity & Ageing : I & A, volume 12, →DOI:

(immunology, pathology) Affected with immunosenescence


immunoturbidity

In this study, we evaluated HbA1c levels collected on a novel matrix paper and measured through immunoturbidity, up to 14 days after DBS collection.

2015 July 8, Claudio A. Mastronardi et al., “The use of dried blood spot sampling for the measurement of HbA1c: a cross-sectional study”, in BMC Clinical Pathology, volume 15, →DOI:

(immunology) The use (or the outcome) of immunoturbidimetry


pneumopathy

The case reported here illustrates two rare causes of CVT observed in the same patient: the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies associated with an asymptomatic cryptogenic organising pneumopathy (COP) which were considered the origin of the venous cerebral thrombosis and heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) which was responsible for the worsening of the thrombosis observed a few days after the introduction of treatment.

2013 July 9, J Hsieh et al., “Cerebral venous thrombosis due to cryptogenic organising pneumopathy with antiphospholipid syndrome worsened by heparin-induced thrombocytopenia”, in BMJ Case Reports, volume 2013, →DOI:


allogenous

Aesthetic and functional rehabilitation of a fractured complicated anterior crown using allogenous tooth fragment is a better alternative to other more conventional treatment options.

2013 July 10, Nitin Maitin et al., “Allogenous tooth fragment reattachment”, in BMJ Case Reports, volume 2013, →DOI:

(genetics, immunology) Synonym of allogeneic


cacochylia

Underlying cirrhosis frequently leads to protein-calorie malnutrition commonly caused by poor appetite, cacochylia, compromised nutrient uptake, and disorders in protein synthesis.

2015 July 9, Ling Chen et al., “Efficacy and safety of oral branched-chain amino acid supplementation in patients undergoing interventions for hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis”, in Nutrition Journal, volume 14, →DOI:

(pathology) Defective formation or absorption of chyle.


cytoablative

Staining with the indicated antibody is shown with blue shading, whereas staining with an isotype-matched control antibody is shown in black outline Findings with the unirradiated uPA-NOG mice were followed by transplanting NSG mice, after cytoablative irradiation, with human 24 weeks’ gestation cBM cells.

2015 July 9, Maya M. Mahajan et al., “A quantitative assessment of the content of hematopoietic stem cells in mouse and human endosteal-bone marrow: a simple and rapid method for the isolation of mouse central bone marrow”, in BMC Hematology, volume 15, →DOI:


cytoablation

(surgery) The physical or chemical ablation of (typically cancerous) tissue.


hemivertebra

(pathology) An abnormality in which one side of the vertebrae are deformed


meningovascular

A better understanding of the pathogenic events leading to dementia in variant TTR meningovascular amyloidosis may lead to novel treatment strategies for this debilitating and fatal disease.

2015 July 10, Jennifer L. Ziskin et al., “Neuropathologic analysis of Tyr69His TTR variant meningovascular amyloidosis with dementia”, in Acta Neuropathologica Communications, volume 3, →DOI:

(anatomy) Relating to the meninges and the (cerebral) blood vessels


oligomeganephronia

oligomeganephronia (usually uncountable, plural oligomeganephronias)

For example, oligomeganephronia, unilateral renal agenesis, renal dysplasia, reflux nephropathy, secondary to surgical or traumatic ablation, chronic allograft nephropathy, and other causes of nephron loss lead to FSGS.

2015 July 9, Ying Maggie Chen, Helen Liapis, “Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis: molecular genetics and targeted therapies”, in BMC Nephrology, volume 16, →DOI:

(pathology) A kidney disease characterised by larger nephrons that are reduced in number


venovenous

Continuous venovenous hemodialysis may be indicated to relieve volume overload in the hemodynamically unstable patient.

2011, Pauline K. Park, “Assessment of Noncardiac Perioperative Risk”, in Michael W. Mulholland, Gerard M. Doherty, editors, Complications in Surgery, 2nd edition, Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, →ISBN, page 86:

He needed continuous venovenous haemodiafiltration during 4 days and then he was put on intermittent haemodialysis.

2015 July 10, Nuno Rocha Pereira, António Sarmento, Lurdes Santos, “Simultaneous diagnosis of severe imported Plasmodium falciparum malaria and HIV: report of three cases”, in Malaria Journal, volume 14, →DOI:

(medicine) Describing any technique in which blood is taken from a vein, processed, then returned to a vein.


HAT

African trypanosomiasis
African trypanosomiasis#English

(medicine, uncountable) Initialism of human African trypanosomiasis.


c/w

(medicine) Abbreviation of consistent with.


biliopathy

However, just when we started believing that medical management, pharmacological prophylaxis, and endoscopic procedures could reduce crowding in the pediatric surgical clinics, newer indications for surgical intervention, e.g. portal biliopathy, have emerged.

2015, Veereshwar Bhatnagar, “Surgical gastroenterology in children”, in Journal of Indian Association of Pediatric Surgeons, volume 20, →DOI:

(pathology) Any disease or abnormality of the bile duct


cranioorbital

COZ and cranioorbital approaches were utilized in all cases of SOM and included radical resections of the dura and bone involvement.

2015 June 29, Carlos Eduardo da Silva, Paulo Eduardo Peixoto de Freitas, “Large and giant skull base meningiomas: The role of radical surgical removal”, in Surgical Neurology International, volume 6, →DOI:

(anatomy) Relating to the cranium and the orbit of the eye


craniorachischisis

Craniorachischisis is a variant of rachischisis that occurs when the entire spinal cord and brain are exposed – simultaneous complete rachischisis and anencephaly.

Craniorachischisis and anencephaly represent the most extensive of the neural tube defects. In craniorachischisis the neural tube from the midbrain down to the upper sacral region of the spinal cord remains open (Fig. 26.1), there being no fusion of the tube.

2007, Colin Smith, “26: Malformations of the Nervous System and Hydrocephalus”, in Jean W. Keeling, T. Yee Khong, editors, Fetal and Neonatal Pathology, 4th edition, Springer, page 704:

The neural tube closure occurs around day 28 after conception; its closure failure may result in a defect that can range from anencephaly, incompatible with life, to small meningoceles.[1] The definition of neural tube defects (NTD) include anencephaly, craniorachischisis, iniencephaly, meningocele, meningomyelocele, and encephalocele, but not isolated findings of hydrocephalus or spina bifida oc[c]ulta.[1] Iniencephaly, from the ancient Greek "inion" meaning "nape of the neck", had its first report by Saint-Hilaire in 1836,[2] is characterized by a variable defect of the occipital bone, resulting in a large foramen magnum; partial or total absence of the cervical and thoracic vertebrae with irregular melting of those present, accompanied by incomplete closure of arcs and/or vertebral bodies, marked lordosis, hyperextension of the cervicothoracic spine; and a face deflected up.[3] The incidence is about 1:1000–1:2000 births,[4] then is a pretty rare NTD.

2015, Hernando R. Alvis-Miranda et al., “Iniencephaly: Case Report”, in Journal of Pediatric Neurosciences, volume 10, →DOI:

Craniorachischisis is readily diagnosed using ultrasound. However, it can be confused with other defects involving the brain – anencephaly, acrania or amniotic band syndrome.

2020, Birth Defects Surveillance: A manual for programme managers, 2nd edition, World Health Organization, page 40:

(pathology) A lethal defect of the neural tube in which both the brain and spinal cord are left open.


dolichoectasia

dolichoectasia (countable and uncountable, plural dolichoectasias)

Vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia should be considered as a differential in cases of trigeminal nerve hypoplasia and also in cases of obstructive hydrocephalus not explained by other causes.

2015, Abhishek Jha et al., “Trigeminal hypoplasia due to vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia: A new entity”, in Journal of Pediatric Neurosciences, volume 10, →DOI:

(pathology) elongation and distension of an artery


duodenotomy

The association of duodenal atresia with malrotation is well documented in the literature.[ 7 ] In type 1 atresias (duodenal web), either duodenotomy with excision of the web or duodenoduodenostomy may be done.

2015, VVS Chandrasekharam, “Laparoscopic duodenoduodenostomy in neonates: Report of two cases and review of the literature”, in Journal of Indian Association of Pediatric Surgeons, volume 20, →DOI:


extracavernous

A hard tumor, with encasement of the internal carotid artery (ICA), received a debulking and partial removal, in the extracavernous portion (Simpson Grade IV).


hepaticojejunostomy

In various published reports of symptomatic PHT with CDC, PHT actually resolved after excision of cyst and hepaticojejunostomy and the children were asymptomatic during subsequent follow-up.[ 1 2 ] In this cohort of patients, although all patients remained asymptomatic after successful surgery of the CDC cyst, the range of NO levels at 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months follow-up helped to identify the patients with persistently elevated NO levels thereby indicating persistently elevated PP.

2015, Karunesh Chand et al., “The incidence of portal hypertension in children with choledochal cyst and the correlation of nitric oxide levels in the peripheral blood with portal pressure and liver histology”, in Journal of Indian Association of Pediatric Surgeons, volume 20, →DOI:

(surgery) anastomosis of the liver to the jejunum


heredodegenerative

In one of the largest series of lingual dystonia cases, Esper et al. reported that 41% of cases were secondary to medications, 18% heredodegenerative and post encephalitic, 12% generalized dystonia and 29% focal primary lingual dystonia. Similarly, tremor of the tongue can be caused by parkinsonism, alcoholism and thyrotoxicosis.

2015, Neera Choudhary et al., “Isolated lingual involvement in Wilson's disease”, in Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice, volume 6, →DOI:

(pathology) Both hereditary and degenerative.


immunoselected

Many identified GAAs been used for DC vaccination—antigen isolated from immunoselected melanoma-2 (AIM-2) [ 46 ], the α -2 chain of the IL-13 receptor (IL-13R α 2 chain) [ 47 ], human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) [ 46 ], Ephrin type-A receptor 2 (EphA2) [ 48 ], gp100 [ 49 ], tenascin [ 50 ], survivin [ 51 ], melanoma antigen (MAGE)-1 [ 52 ], MAGE-3 [ 49 ], chitinase 3-like 1 (CHI3L1) [ 53 ], Wilms Tumor 1 Protein (WT-1) [ 54 ], SRY-related HMG-box gene (SOX)-11 and cytomegalovirus (CMV) antigens [ 55 ].

2015 June 17, Liu Yang et al., “Dendritic Cell-Based Immunotherapy Treatment for Glioblastoma Multiforme”, in BioMed Research International, volume 2015, →DOI:

(immunology) selected by means of immunoselection


immunoselection

They have beautifully demonstrated the existence of an 'immunoselection', i.e. the preferential survival of less antigenic cell types in the foreign environment.

1957, Symposia of the Society for Experimental Biology, number 11, page 313:

Thus, immunoselection of neoplastic leukocytes, both away from and back to the H-2-specific diploid genotype, can be experimentally controlled through the use of appropriate hosts.

1957, John W. Rebuck, The Leukemias: Etiology, Pathophysiology, and Treatment, page 108:

Immunoselection involves the use of an antibody or a collection of antibodies.

2003, Maurizio Federico, Lentivirus Gene Engineering Protocols, page 125:

(immunology) selection of cell lines according to their resistance to antibodies.


myeloradiculopathy

Neurological examination revealed upper thoracic myeloradiculopathy probably of neoplastic origin with sensory localization to D5 spinal level.

2015, Sudhansu Sekhar Mishra et al., “Isolated thoracic (D5) intramedullary epidermoid cyst without spinal dysraphism: A rare case report”, in Journal of Pediatric Neurosciences, volume 10, →DOI:

(pathology) disease of the spinal cord and spinal nerve roots


neuroophthalmological

A visual field test through white-on-white automated perimetry is a widely used technique and is a useful tool for the diagnosis and follow-up of several ocular disorders, such as glaucoma and neuroophthalmological diseases [ 9, 10 ].

2015 June 8, Jose Javier Garcia-Medina et al., “Does Posterior Capsule Opacification Affect the Results of Diagnostic Technologies to Evaluate the Retina and the Optic Disc?”, in BioMed Research International, volume 2015, →DOI:

(pathology) Relating to the neuropathology of the eye


occipitalgia

From occipit- (“of or relating to the occiput”) + -algia (“pain”).

af

Two patients presented with occipitalgia, two patients presented with torticollis and three patients developed neurologic signs.

2015 June 18, Osamu Sasaki et al., “Tumoral calcinosis involving the cervical spine”, in Surgical Neurology International, volume 6, →DOI:


periarteritis

Further, we did not observe necrotic granuloma or vasculitis, thereby, differed from Wegener's granuloma and periarteritis nodosa.

2015 June 18, Hidenori Yokoi et al., “An Inflammatory Pseudotumor Arising from Pterygopalatine Fossa with Invasion to the Maxillary Sinus and Orbital Cavity”, in Case Reports in Otolaryngology, volume 2015, →DOI:

(pathology) inflammation of the tissues surrounding an artery


posterosuperior

The tumor was resected completely, along with the posterosuperior segment of the right hepatic lobe, the right adrenal gland, and a portion of the IVC using partial clamping of the IVC ( Figure 4(a) ).

2015 June 18, Hirofumi Sonoda et al., “Complete Surgical Resection of a Leiomyosarcoma Arising from the Inferior Vena Cava”, in Case Reports in Medicine, volume 2015, →DOI:


prepontine

Being congenital in nature, the pathology was deduced to be nerve hypoplasia rather than nerve atrophy. (a) Sagittal and (b) Coronal T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging showing ectatic aberrant left vertebral artery in the prepontine cistern (a) Axial T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging image showing anomalous course of the left vertebral artery, with compression and flattening of the left inferior olivary nucleus (black arrow).


pseudoprogression

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-pseudoprogression.wav

Dynamic MRI provides an additional diagnostic tool outside of open biopsy in delineating between pseudoprogression and tumor progression.

2015 June 17, Johnathan H. Sherman et al., “Neurosurgery Concepts: Key perspectives on C2 nerve root transection following C1 lateral mass screw fixation, choroid plexus cauterization in infants with hydrocephalus, quality of life following treatment of vestibular schwannoma, dynamic magnetic resonance imaging for glioblastoma pseudoprogression, cost-utility analysis of lumbar spinal stenosis treatment”, in Surgical Neurology International, volume 6, →DOI:

(medicine) Apparent progression following treatment


reticulosis

en-noun

reticulosis (countable and uncountable, plural reticuloses)

In the case of nasal natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphoma, which frequently occurs in the nasal sinuses, prominent polymorphous proliferation of lymphocytes is present, and that is evident by its former name, polymorphic reticulosis.

(pathology) An abnormal increase in reticuloendothelial and related cells


sulphafurazole

The strains exhibited susceptibility against commonly used antibiotics such as chloramphenicol, kanamycin, nitrofurantoin, tetracycline, streptomycin, colistin methanesulphonate, dicloxacillin, ampicillin, amikacin, cefoxitin, cefalexin, cefuroxime, and cotrimoxazole and it had resistance to sulphafurazole, gentamicin ( Table 2 ).

2015 June 17, Soundharrajan Ilavenil et al., “Probiotic Potential of Lactobacillus Strains with Antifungal Activity Isolated from Animal Manure”, in The Scientific World Journal, volume 2015, →DOI:

(medicine) A sulfonamide used to treat infections of the urinary tract


scleral buckle

(surgery) An ophthalmologic procedure to repair a detached retina.


catabolome

The transcriptome data were confirmed by catabolome analysis, expression of periplasmic proteins and phenotypical analysis.

2015 July 24, “Effect of Global Regulators RpoS and Cyclic-AMP/CRP on the Catabolome and Transcriptome of Escherichia coli K12 during Carbon- and Energy-Limited Growth”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry, genetics) The complete set of catabolites found in a biological sample; especially that found in a person's body under normal conditions, and when suffering from a disease


elobixibat

However, given the association between symptoms of constipation with cardiovascular disease and T2DM, it seems that an IBAT inhibitor like elobixibat, in addition to positive effects on symptoms and signs of constipation, may provide positive metabolic side effects reducing the risk for CVD and T2DM.

2015 July 22, Mats Rudling et al., “Specific inhibition of bile acid transport alters plasma lipids and GLP-1”, in BMC Cardiovascular Disorders, volume 15, →DOI:

(medicine) An IBAT inhibitor used for the treatment of chronic constipation


ileocolonic

In summary, the studies reported here provide evidence of decreased LDL cholesterol and increased GLP-1 levels when using elobixibat in patients with dyslipidemia and with CC respectively; these effects are consistent with metabolic effects of BAs in the ileocolonic region in humans.

(anatomy) Relating to the ileum and the colon or to the ileocolon


lymphonodectomy

In these patients an explorative laparotomy (n = 3) and a diagnostic lymphonodectomy (n = 1) were performed.

2015 July 17, Aarne Feldheiser et al., “Haemodynamic Optimization by Oesophageal Doppler and Pulse Power Wave Analysis in Liver Surgery: A Randomised Controlled Trial”, in PLoS ONE, volume 10, →DOI:

(surgery) The removal of the lymph nodes


osmification

After osmification with 1 % osmiumtetroxide in cacodylate buffer for 120 min the cells were washed again.

2015 July 22, Martina Broecker-Preuss et al., “Cell death induction by the BH3 mimetic GX15-070 in thyroid carcinoma cells”, in Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research : CR, volume 34, →DOI:

(cytology) staining or fixating with osmic acid solution


tomotherapy

This article will review the application of two forms of intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), fixed-field IMRT and helical tomotherapy (HT) in lung cancer, including dosimetric and clinical studies.

2015, Zhengfei Zhu, Xiaolong Fu, “The radiation techniques of tomotherapy & intensity-modulated radiation therapy applied to lung cancer”, in Translational Lung Cancer Research, volume 4, →DOI:

(medicine) radiation therapy delivered in "slices" in the manner of tomography


thymothymomectomy

(medicine) Resection of thymoma with total thymectomy.


collagenopathy

(pathology) Any disease or disorder that affects the collagen of connective tissue


autopolyploidization

autopolyploidization (countable and uncountable, plural autopolyploidizations)

The proposed hypotheses to explain the evolutionary history of this most widespread Anthoxanthum species include autopolyploidization of A.

2015 July 25, “Evolutionary and Taxonomic Implications of Variation in Nuclear Genome Size: Lesson from the Grass Genus Anthoxanthum (Poaceae)”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(genetics) The process or the result of becoming autopolyploid


glycopattern

Among these, the GlcNAc binder DSA showed a stronger binding signal than the others (see Fig 5A ), which indicated that GlcNAc was a dominant glycopattern in DENV-2.

2015 July 25, “Characterization of N-Glycan Structures on the Surface of Mature Dengue 2 Virus Derived from Insect Cells”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(cytology) The pattern of glycosides in a biological sample


hemidiaphragm

Neuronal cell entry of BoNT/A followed by entry of BoNT/E was further demonstrated by sequentially exposing hemidiaphragm muscle preparations and selectively blocking BoNT/A with 3,4-DAP. This resulted in a recovery similar to BoNT/A and not BoNT/E, confirming sequential cell entry of the toxins [18 ].

2015 July 25, “Botulinum Neurotoxins Can Enter Cultured Neurons Independent of Synaptic Vesicle Recycling”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(anatomy) Either the left or right half of the diaphragm


hysteromyoma

hysteromyoma (plural hysteromyomas or hysteromyomata)

hysteromyomas (plural)
hysteromyomata (plural)

All patients underwent fresh ET during the first cycle and did not receive any medication for 3 months prior to IVF/ICSI. Patients were excluded if they had hysteromyoma, adenomyosis, ovarian tumor, endometriosis, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), hyperprolactinemia, thyroid disease, adrenal disease, diabetes, or a chromosomal aberration(determined by karyotype).

2015 July 25, “Clinical Outcomes of In Vitro Fertilization among Chinese Infertile Couples Treated for Syphilis Infection”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


subpectoral

Transvenous ICD implantation followed institutional standards with device placement either in a left-sided subpectoral or subcutaneous pocket and with the right ventricular lead positioned in the right ventricular apex.

2015 July 25, “ICD Shock, Not Ventricular Fibrillation, Causes Elevation of High Sensitive Troponin T after Defibrillation Threshold Testing—The Prospective, Randomized, Multicentre TropShock-Trial”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


duodenojejunostomy

(surgery) The creation of a connection between the duodenum and the jejunum


eigenarray

1999, O. Alter et al., ‘‘Singular Value Decomposition for Gene Expression Data Processing and Modeling.’’ In: After the Genome V (December 6–10, 1999, Jackson Hole, WY).
We describe the use of singular value decomposition in transforming gene expression data from genes/arrays space to ‘‘eigengenes’’/‘‘eigenarrays’’ space, where the eigengenes and eigenarrays are unique orthonormal superpositions of the genes and arrays, respectively.

2000, O. Alter et al., ‘‘Singular value decomposition for genome-wide expression data processing and modeling,’’ Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97 (18), pp. 10101–10106. doi:10.1073/pnas.97.18.10101.
After normalization and sorting, the significant eigengenes and eigenarrays can be associated with observed genome-wide effects of regulators, or with measured samples, in which these regulators are overactive or underactive, respectively.

2002, T. O. Nielsen et al., ‘‘Molecular Characterisation of Soft Tissue Tumours: a Gene Expression Study,’’ Lancet 359 (9314), pp. 1301–1307. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(02)08270-3.
The separation of the calponin-positive leiomyosarcoma subgroup from the calponin-negative tumours was dominant, and resulted in an important eigengene and corresponding eigenarray.

2006, C. M. Li and R. R. Klevecz, ‘‘A rapid genome-scale response of the transcriptional oscillator to perturbation reveals a period-doubling path to phenotypic change,’’ Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 103 (44), pp. 16254–16259. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0604860103.
A reconstruction of the attractor can be seen in the plot of the principal eigengenes 2, 3, and 4.

2008, A. Y. Gracey et al., ‘‘Rhythms of Gene Expression in a Fluctuating Intertidal Environment,’’ Curr. Biol. 18 (19), pp. 1501-1507. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2008.08.049.
Significantly correlated with the first eigengene were GO terms that we classified as being broadly associated with ‘‘metabolism’’ because this cluster was enriched for genes involved in the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA), the electron transport chain, metabolism, ATP synthesis, and protein degradation.

2012, M. J. Hawrylycz et al., ‘‘An anatomically comprehensive atlas of the adult human brain transcriptome,’’ Nature 489 (7416), pp. 391–399. doi: 10.1038/nature11405.
Each module is represented by an ‘eigengene’ corresponding to its expression pattern across structures (first left singular vector of the gene × structure matrix), and genes highly correlated with the module eigengene are called ‘hub’ genes.

2013, J. L. Padilla-Gamiño et al., ‘‘Temperature and CO₂ additively regulate physiology, morphology and genomic responses of larval sea urchins, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus’’ Proc. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci. 280 (1759), article 20130155. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2013.0155.
Our gene expression data also indicate that the cystoskeleton is sensitive to shifts in temperature and pCO₂: genes encoding fundamental components of the cellular cytoskeleton such as actin and alpha and beta tubulins were upregulated under elevated temperature, but downregulated under elevated pCO₂ (eigengene 1).

2014, J. M. Tennessen et al., ‘‘Coordinated metabolic transitions during Drosophila embryogenesis and the onset of aerobic glycolysis’’ G3:Genes|Genomes|Genetics 4 (5), pp. 839–850. doi: 10.1534/g3.114.010652.
The second most significant pattern identified by SVD corresponds to broad upregulation of gene expression midway through embryogenesis and is strikingly similar to the coordinate induction of glycolytic genes that defines the embryonic metabolic transition (EmbMT) (eigengene pattern 2).

2020, O. Alter, ‘‘Discovering Genome-Scale Predictors of Survival and Response to Treatment with Multi-Tensor Decompositions’’ 2020 American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) Virtual Annual Meeting II (June 22–24, 2020); YouTube video.
The SVD finds for us patterns that look like genes, which is the eigengene concept which we invented.

(genetics) (mathematics) One of a set of left singular vectors of a genes x samples matrix that tabulates, e.g., the mRNA or gene expression of the genes across the samples, where the samples were assayed by using DNA microarrays. The corresponding right singular vector is the corresponding eigengene.


anonychia

(c) Koilonychias left great toe and anonychia small toe of same side.

2015, Subhash Kashyap, Vinay Shanker, Neelam Sharma, “Ectodermal Dysplasia-Skin Fragility Syndrome: A Rare Case Report”, in Indian Journal of Dermatology, volume 60, →DOI:


dermopathy

dermopathy (countable and uncountable, plural dermopathies)

D-Penicillamine-induced degenerative dermopathy can manifest as a combination of manifestations of skin fragility over bony prominences and pressure areas and cutis laxa-like features, as was seen in one of our case.

2015, Sujay Khandpur et al., “D-penicillamine Induced Degenerative Dermopathy”, in Indian Journal of Dermatology, volume 60, →DOI:


hyponatremic

en-adj

hyponatremic (not generally comparable, comparative more hyponatremic, superlative most hyponatremic)

more hyponatremic (comparative)
most hyponatremic (superlative)

From hyponatremia + -ic or hypo- + natremia + -ic.

58% of the hyponatremic patients were found to be symptomatic.

2015, Rahul Unnikrishnan et al., “Clinical and laboratory profile of dengue in the elderly”, in Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, volume 4, →DOI:

(biology, medicine) Exhibiting or relating to hyponatremia.


extraluminal

The infection of pancreatic necrosis was presumed when extraluminal gas emerged in the peripancreatic and / or pancreatic tissues on contrast-enhanced CT or when percutaneous fine-needle aspiration was positive for bacteria and / or fungi on Gram stain and culture.

2015 August 20, “The Decrease of Peripheral Blood CD4+ T Cells Indicates Abdominal Compartment Syndrome in Severe Acute Pancreatitis”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


chloral hydrate

/ˌklɔɹˌæl ˈhaɪˌdɹeɪt/

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) An organic compound with the chemical formula C₂H₃Cl₃O₂, used as a sedative and hypnotic drug and as a laboratory reagent and precursor.


extraciliary

Additionally, cilia-related proteins have also been found in extraciliary organelles.

2015 May 19, Sandra Habbig, Max Christoph Liebau, “Ciliopathies - from rare inherited cystic kidney diseases to basic cellular function”, in Molecular and Cellular Pediatrics, volume 2, →DOI:


hemiabdomen

The left ectopic kidney was located in the right hemiabdomen with the hilum anteriorly faced.

2015 July 28, Ana Ratola et al., “Crossed Renal Ectopia without Fusion: An Uncommon Cause of Abdominal Mass”, in Case Reports in Nephrology, volume 2015, →DOI:


pyrrolobenzodiazepine

From pyrrol + -o- + benzo- + di- + azepine.

SG2000 (SJG-136, NSC694501) is a rationally designed pyrrolobenzodiazepine dimer which interacts sequence selectively in the minor groove of DNA.

2015 August 19, Maria Mellinas-Gomez et al., “Activity of the DNA minor groove cross-linking agent SG2000 (SJG-136) against canine tumours”, in BMC Veterinary Research, volume 11, →DOI:

(pharmacology) A class of compounds with antibiotic and anti-tumor properties.


hypertoxic

The hypertoxic case has, as a rule, a characteristically poor rash, and in estimates of the result of treatment too much attention need not be paid to what happens to the rash; a plentiful distribution of the toxin into the cutaneous tissues probably acts as a safety-valve.

In a paper read before the Academiè royale de Medècine de Belgique (Procès-verbal, April, 1892), Dr. Masius shows that in doses generally considered as hypertoxic, digitalis may be taken not only without inconvenience, but that such massive doses will surely and rapidly prevent the dangers arising from cardiac weakness and from a high temperature?

1829, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy and Science, American Journal of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, page 468:

We often find in insanity an inverse toxicity of the urine, and the blood, in mania especially, is as much more hypertoxic as the urine is hypotoxic.

1832, Royal Academy of Medicine in Ireland, Irish Journal of Medical Science, Dublin, page 153:


myopization

If the development continues into the myopization stage, the dominant eye tends to be more myopic and the non-dominant eye is less myopic.

2015 August 22, “Association between Ocular Sensory Dominance and Refractive Error Asymmetry”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


fosmidial

The fosmidial DNA of the P117.

2015 July 28, “Est16, a New Esterase Isolated from a Metagenomic Library of a Microbial Consortium Specializing in Diesel Oil Degradation”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


immunoreagent

The outcome of this study was a collection of inhibition curves for each pair of immunoreagent combinations, and the parameters (A max, slope, and IC 50 value) from the best inhibition curve (A max over 0.8 and lower IC 50 value) for each combination are shown in Table 1 for the direct assay and in Table 2 for the indirect assay.

2015 July 28, “Ready Access to Proquinazid Haptens via Cross-Coupling Chemistry for Antibody Generation and Immunoassay Development”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


euthermia

(medicine) The condition of having a normal body temperature.


compomer

(dentistry) A restorative material that is a hybrid of dental composites and glass ionomer cement.


catagenic

(medicine, dermatology) Relating to the catagen growth phase.


anagenic

(medicine, dermatology) Relating to the anagen growth phase.


paranoidal

paranoidal (comparative more paranoidal, superlative most paranoidal)

more paranoidal (comparative)
most paranoidal (superlative)


paranoidally

en-adv

paranoidally (comparative more paranoidally, superlative most paranoidally)

more paranoidally (comparative)
most paranoidally (superlative)


arabinosylcytosine

The patients undergoing haploidentical HSCT were conditioned with 9.0–10.5 Gy TBI on days −7 and −6, 6 g/m 2 /day intravenous arabinosylcytosine (Ara-C) on days −5 to −3, 45 mg/kg/day intravenous CY on days −3 to −2, and 2.5 mg/kg/day intravenous anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) (Sanofi, SangStat, Lyon, France) on days −5 to −2.

2015 July 26, Li Gao et al., “Favorable outcome of haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a multicenter study in Southwest China”, in Journal of Hematology & Oncology, volume 8, →DOI:

(organic chemistry, medicine) A cytidine analog, formed from arabinose and cytosine, that has antiviral and anticancer activity.


galactosaemic

One article was excluded due to investigation on an association of presenile cataracts with heterozygosity for galactosaemic states and with riboflavin deficiency [ 27 ].

2015 July 26, Wen Sun et al., “Is there association between Glutathione S Transferases polymorphisms and cataract risk: a meta-analysis?”, in BMC Ophthalmology, volume 15, →DOI:


gametocytaemia

en-noun

gametocytaemia (countable and uncountable, plural gametocytaemias)

Current trials (Table 2 ) use a full course of dihydroartemisinin/piperaquine (DHA-P) and a single low dose of primaquine is added to the drug combination to abort gametocytaemia as quickly as possible [ 36, 48 ].

2015 July 25, Marcel Tanner et al., “Malaria eradication and elimination: views on how to translate a vision into reality”, in BMC Medicine, volume 13, →DOI:

(pathology) The presence of gametocytes in the blood


haplotransplantation

Recent comparative studies have shown that acute leukemia patients who receive either haplotransplantation or HLA-matched transplantation have similar outcomes [ 10, 11 ], but the efficacy and safety of haplotransplantation in Ph+ ALL patients have not been examined.

(surgery) transplantation of tissue between haploidentical patients


histiosarcoma

Where possible, results are presented by major STS subtypes [angiosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, GIST, leiomyosarcoma, liposarcoma, malignant fibrous histiosarcoma (MFH), nerve sheath tumor, sarcoma NOS].

2015 July 26, Sumitra Shantakumar et al., “Older soft tissue sarcoma patients experience increased rates of venous thromboembolic events: a retrospective cohort study of SEER-Medicare data”, in Clinical Sarcoma Research, volume 5, →DOI:


hyperexpression

Since IL-10 and deficient co-stimulatory molecule expression appear to be a novel mechanism of self-tolerance employed by the pre-naïve B cells, a defect in pre-naïve B-cell functions could lead to a break in self-tolerance, especially in the SLE milieu, where expansion of the pre-naïve B cells has been found [ 3, 4 ], and the immune system is intensely activated as evidenced by elevated B cell-activating factor (BAFF) levels, hyperexpression of CD40L on T cells, and/or increased levels of certain cytokines such as IL-21 [ 50 – 53 ].

2015 July 25, Ji Hyun Sim et al., “Autoregulatory function of interleukin-10-producing pre-naïve B cells is defective in systemic lupus erythematosus”, in Arthritis Research & Therapy, volume 17, →DOI:


ileocecectomy

Following laparoscopic ileocecectomy, pathology demonstrated haemorrhage, inflammation, oedema and full thickness necrosis of the caecal wall.

2013 July 26, Kara Lee Gallagher, “Ischaemic diverticular disease may mimic acute appendicitis”, in BMJ Case Reports, volume 2013, →DOI:

(surgery) Removal of the ileum and part of the colon


interhomolog

8 A unified mechanism for the generation of mutations underlying oncogenesis and tumor progression based on defective DNA-damage response and the resultant prevalence of double-strand break (DSB) repair by interhomolog recombination (IHR) All supporting data are included as additional files.

2015 July 25, Yogesh Kumar et al., “Massive interstitial copy-neutral loss-of-heterozygosity as evidence for cancer being a disease of the DNA-damage response”, in BMC Medical Genomics, volume 8, →DOI:


laparostomy

Although it takes slightly longer to perform than midline laparostomy, same principles of managing the open abdomen can be applied without additional equipment.

2015 July 25, Federico Coccolini et al., “The open abdomen, indications, management and definitive closure”, in World Journal of Emergency Surgery : WJES, volume 10, →DOI:

(surgery) The surgical opening of the peritoneum to expose the abdominal contents


osteotomized

Repositioning of the maxillary osteotomized segment according to the planned movements

2015 July 25, Thomas Schouman et al., “Accuracy evaluation of CAD/CAM generated splints in orthognathic surgery: a cadaveric study”, in Head & Face Medicine, volume 11, →DOI:


prontosil

In the field of therapeutic aids, chemotherapy and antibiotics have been completely developed since that time. We had prontosil and neoprontosil and thought we were very fortunate.

1951 July, Richard D. Reekie, “Critical Analysis of Recent Advances in Gynecology”, in Northwest Medicine, volume 50, number 7, Portland, Ore.: Northwest Medical Publishing Association, page 508:

Since 1935 when Domagk demonstrated that prontosil provided effective therapy in a murine pneumococcal infection model, the use of animal infection models has become an integral part of the evaluation of new antimicrobial agents and new therapeutic approaches for clinical trials in humans.

2015 July 25, Mengxiao Gu et al., “Response of a clinical Escherichia coli strain to repeated cefquinome exposure in a piglet tissue-cage model”, in BMC Veterinary Research, volume 11, →DOI:

(pharmacology) The antibacterial drug 4-[(2,4-diaminophenyl)azo]benzenesulfonamide.


calcarina

Further, nodes from occipital regions in the anatomical network, indicated by the blue circles (including calcarina, cuneus, precuneus, …), are distantly located from the group of frontal brain areas indicated by the red marks.

2015 July 6, Tiago Simas et al., “An algebraic topological method for multimodal brain networks comparisons”, in Frontiers in Psychology, volume 6, →DOI:

(anatomy) The calcarine sulcus / calcarine fissure