neurasthenia

en-noun

neurasthenia (countable and uncountable, plural neurasthenias)

/ˌnjʊəɹəsˈθiːniə/

From neur- + asthenia, after Italian nevrastenia.

(psychiatry, dated) An ill-defined medical condition characterized by lassitude, fatigue, headache, and irritability, associated chiefly with emotional disturbance.


decompression sickness

(pathology) A sometimes fatal condition resulting from the formation of nitrogen bubbles in the blood and tissues, because of too rapid decompression, seen especially in deep-sea divers ascending rapidly from a dive. It is characterized by severe pains in the joints and chest, skin irritation, cramps, nausea, and paralysis.


angioedema

angioedema (usually uncountable, plural angioedemas)

/ˌænd͡ʒiəʊ.ɪˈdiːmə/

Angioedema of the throat can cause suffocation and should be treated as a medical emergency.

(pathology) Swelling of the lower layers of the skin, often around the mouth, or of the mucosa or submucosa of the mouth or throat which can appear quickly in response to an allergen or due to other conditions

血管性水腫 /血管性水肿

swelling of the lower layers of the skin or of other tissues


recrudescence

recrudescence (countable and uncountable, plural recrudescences)

From Late Latin recrudescentia, from Latin recrūdēscēns, present participle of recrūdēscere (“to recrudesce”), from recrūdēscō (“to become raw again”); from re- (“again”) + crūdēscō (“to grow harsh or violent; to become worse”) (from crūdus (“bleeding, bloody, raw”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *krewh₂- (“blood outside the body”)) + -ēscō (suffix forming verbs indicating a becoming of something)). The word is cognate with French recrudescence, Italian recrudescenza, Spanish recrudescencia, recrudecimiento.

der

Very probably however, ſuppoſing Mr. Dwight's Account to be Fact, not more than one Conſtitution in one Million is liable to ſuch repeated and diſtant Recrudeſcences of this Diſeaſe.

1754, J[ames] Kirkpatrick, “Section II. Of the Variolous Fuel, or Internal Inherent Cause of the Small Pox.”, in The Analysis of Inoculation: Comprizing the History, Theory, and Practice of It: With an Occasional Consideration of the Most Remarkable Appearances in the Small Pox, London: Printed for J. Millan, […]; J[ames] Buckland, […]; and R[alph] Griffiths, […], →OCLC, page 34:

In other cases the wound opens of itself, and discharges a peculiar matter. Something similar is known to take place in traumatic tetanus; and although in this affection, as well as in hydrophobia, we cannot explain why the phenomenon of recrudescence does not occur in many fatal examples, yet we ought not therefore to deny that in those cases in which it does appear, the connexion between the recrudescence and the disease is most remarkable.

1833, J. L. Bardsley, “HYDROPHOBIA”, in edited by John Forbes, Alexander Tweedie, and John Conolly, The Cyclopædia of Practical Medicine; […], volumes II (EME–ISC), London: Sherwood, Gilbert, and Piper; Baldwin and Cradock, […]; Whittaker, Treacher, and Co., […], →OCLC, page 484, column 1:

It becomes very difficult under many circumstances to distinguish between an epidemic solely due to recrudescence of the cholera principle retained from previous outbreak, and an epidemic the result of fresh introduction.

1877, Charles Alexander Gordon, “Recurring Epidemics; Recrudescence”, in Notes on the Hygiene of Cholera for Ready Reference, London: Bailliere, Tindall, & Cox; Madras: Gantz Brothers, […]; Bombay; Calcutta: Thacker & Co., →OCLC, paragraph 5, page 10:

(medicine, by extension) The acute recurrence of a disease, or its symptoms, after a period of improvement.


cardiomyopathy

(pathology) The deterioration of the myocardium.


goofball

Strong Cobb & Co. of Cleveland announced a new barbiturate which in overlarge doses will turn the stomachs of "goofball" addicts and would-be suicides.

That night Marylou took everything in the books; she took tea, goofballs, benny, liquor, and even asked Old Bull for a shot of M, which of course he didn’t give her; he did give her a martini.

1957, Jack Kerouac, On the Road, Viking Press, →OCLC:

(informal, pharmacology) A pill or tablet containing a pharmaceutical which has hypnotic or intoxicating effects, especially a barbiturate.

Narkotikum

pill that has hypnotic or intoxicating effects


dendrite

From Ancient Greek δενδρίτης (dendrítēs, “of or pertaining to a tree”). Equivalent to dendr- + -ite.

uder

Little copses of television antennas. Whiplike, graceful thrilling metal dendrites drawing images from the air, bringing brotherhood, communion to immured apartment people.

1970, Saul Bellow, Mr. Sammler’s Planet, Greenwich, CT: Fawcett, 1971, Chapter 1, pp. 12–13 (online edition)

A typical brain neuron has perhaps a thousand little wires, called dendrites, which connect it with its fellows.

1979, Carl Sagan, “Can We Know the Universe? Reflections on a Grain of Salt”, in John Carey, editor, Eyewitness to Science, Harvard University Press, published 1997, page 437:

(cytology) A slender projection of a nerve cell which conducts nerve impulses from a synapse to the body of the cell; a dendron.

(cytology) Slender cell process emanating from the cell bodies of dendritic cells and follicular dendritic cells of the immune system.


nerve cell

The yawning gap in neuroscientists’ understanding of their topic is in the intermediate scale of the brain’s anatomy. Science has a passable knowledge of how individual nerve cells, known as neurons, work. It also knows which visible lobes and ganglia of the brain do what. But how the neurons are organised in these lobes and ganglia remains obscure.

2013 August 3, “The machine of a new soul”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8847:

(cytology) A cell of the nervous system which conducts nerve impulses; a neuron.

عَصْبُون

cell of the nervous system — see also neuron


nerve impulse

(physiology) The signal transmitted along a nerve fibre, either in response to a stimulus (such as touch, pain or heat), or as an instruction (such as causing a muscle to contract).


lepra

From Latin lepra (“psoriasis & similar skin diseases”), from Koine Greek λέπρα (lépra, “psoriasis & similar skin diseases”), from λεπρός (leprós, “scaly”), from either λεπίς (lepís, “scale”) or λέπος (lépos, “husk, scale”) + -ρος (-ros, suffix forming adjectives). The shift of sense from psoriasis to Hansen's disease occurred in large part from the use of λέπρα (lépra) to translate Hebrew צרעת (“tzaraath”) in the Septuagint and its subsequent use in the New Testament and Late Latin.

der

Lepra is an endemic, chronic, malignant, constitutional disease, due to a specific bacillus.

1914, Henry Weightman Stelwagon, Treatise on Diseases of the Skin, 7th edition, page 914:

Lepra and psoriasis are identical, though the two names are retained.

1864, William Tilbury Fox, Skin Diseases, page 43:

(medicine, obsolete) Synonym of psoriasis.


neural network

(anatomy) Any network of neurons etc., that function together to achieve a common purpose.


spinal cord

central nervous system
central nervous system

(anatomy) A thick, whitish cord of nerve tissue which is a major part of the vertebrate central nervous system. It extends from the brain stem down through the spine, with nerves branching off to various parts of the body.

龍骨髓 /龙骨髓

lêng-kut-chhóe, lêng-kut-chhé, liông-kut-chhóe, liông-kut-chhé


spinal

Borrowed from Late Latin spīnālis (“of or belonging to the spine”), from spīna (“a prickle, spine”) + -ālis (“-al”, adjectival suffix). By surface analysis, spine + -al.

af

(anatomy, zootomy) Of or relating to the spine.

Of or relating to the spine.
Of or pertaining to the spinal cord.

(zoology) (of a frog or other experimental animal) Having a pithed brain, but an intact surgically isolated spinal cord.


spinal

(medicine, colloquial) A spinal anesthesia.


central nervous system

en-noun

central nervous system (plural central nervous systems)

(neuroanatomy) In vertebrates, that part of the nervous system comprising the brain, brainstem and spinal cord.


chorion

From Late Latin chorion, from Ancient Greek χόριον (khórion, “membrane surrounding the fetus, afterbirth”).

der

2002, Rovert E. A. Stewart, Barbara E. Stewart, Female Reproductive Systems, entry in Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals, page 425,
The allantois fuses with the chorion, forming a small round area, the allentochorion. This region becomes the placenta (Fig. 3).

In this illustration, some license is taken, since the amnion is shown as still separate from the chorion; this is done to illustrate the process of apposition of the amniotic sac to the chorion and to accentuate the interposition of the yolk sac between the amnion and the chorion.

2006, Ona Marie Faye-Petersen, Debra S. Heller, Vijay V. Joshi, Handbook Of Placental Pathology, page 4:

The amnion and chorion begin to develop soon after fertilization and continue to grow until about 28 weeks′ gestation.

2007, Susan Tucker Blackburn, Maternal, Fetal, & Neonatal Physiology: A Clinical Perspective, page 106:

(anatomy, biology) The protective and nutritive membrane in higher vertebrates that attaches the fetus to the uterus.

suonikalvo

one of the membranes surrounding a fetus


bulla

Borrowed from Latin bulla (“bubble”). Doublet of bull.

(biology, medicine) A blister, vesicle, or other thin-walled cavity or lesion, as:

(biology, medicine) (usually and especially) Such a blister that is more than 5 mm in diameter.


Spansule

Blend of span + capsule, originally a proprietary name.

1971: Huge white spansules. I went into the men's room to eat mine. — Hunter S. Thompson, Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas (Harper Perennial 2005, p. 66)

(medicine) A capsule designed to release drugs at a steady rate over a period of hours; a sustained-release capsule.


delirium tremens

From Latin dēlīrium tremēns (literally “trembling madness”), coined by Thomas Sutton in 1813.

bor

(pathology) A psychosis of chronic alcoholism, usually due to alcohol withdrawal, which can be fatal. Symptoms include sweating, tremors, terrifying hallucinations, insomnia, restlessness, disorientation and anxiety.


IAD

Internet addiction disorder
Internet addiction disorder#English

(neurology, pathology) Initialism of Internet addiction disorder.


coroner

From Middle English coroner, from Old French curuner, from Medieval Latin custōs placitōrum corōnae (“guardian of the crown's pleas”). The function was originally to protect royal properties.

der

(Canada, US, medicine) A medical doctor who performs autopsies and determines time and cause of death from a scientific standpoint.


buttonhole

Originally buttonhold (“a loop of string to hold a button down”), but changed by folk etymology by influence of hole, By surface analysis, button + hole.

петлица

flower worn in the buttonhole for decoration

Coordinate term: keyhole

The usual cause of conjunctival buttonholes is penetration of the tissue by the tip of a sharp instrument […]

2011, George L. Spaeth, Helen Danesh-Meyer, Ivan Goldberg, Ophthalmic Surgery: Principles and Practice E-Book, page 220:

(surgery) A small slot-like cut or incision, made for example by an accident with the scalpel.


buttonhole

en-verb

buttonhole (third-person singular simple present buttonholes, present participle buttonholing, simple past and past participle buttonholed)

buttonholes (present singular third-person)
buttonholing (participle present)
buttonholed (participle past)
buttonholed (past)

(transitive, surgery, chiefly archaic) To make a small slot-like incision in (intentionally or unintentionally).


autonomic

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-autonomic.wav

(neurology) Acting or occurring involuntarily, without conscious control.

autonòmic

acting or occurring involuntarily, without conscious control

autonomic nervous system
autonomic nervous system

(neuroanatomy, neurology) Pertaining to the autonomic nervous system.

autonomiczny

pertaining to the autonomic nervous system


autonomic nervous system

en-noun

autonomic nervous system (plural autonomic nervous systems)

(neuroanatomy) In humans and other vertebrates, the part of the nervous system that regulates the involuntary activity of the heart, intestines and glands. These activities include digestion, respiration, perspiration, metabolism, and the modulation of blood pressure.


peripheral nervous system

peripheral nervous system (plural peripheral nervous systems)

(neuroanatomy) The part of the nervous system which is not the central nervous system.


brain cell

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-brain cell.wav

Did you know that you have brain cells in your stomach?

2018 October 12, Naomi Alderman, “What the gut knows”, in New Statesman:

(cytology) A cell in the brain, such as a neuron or a glial cell.

Those two morons only have one brain cell to share between them.

(humorous, figurative, hyperbolic) Taken as a unit of intelligence, especially in small quantities.


neuralgia

neuralgia (countable and uncountable, plural neuralgias)

From New Latin neuralgia, from Ancient Greek νεῦρον (neûron, “nerve”) + ἄλγος (álgos, “pain”). By surface analysis, neur- + -algia.

(pathology, neurology) An acute, severe, intermittent pain that radiates along a nerve.


blood cell

(hematology, cytology) Any of the cells normally found in blood, namely erythrocytes and leukocytes, sometimes including the platelets.

خَلِيَّة دَم

any of the cells normally found in the blood


anucleate

(cytology) Which does not have a nucleus.


platelet

(hematology, cytology) A small colorless disk-shaped particle found in the blood of mammals, which plays an important role in the formation of blood clots.


blister

blister (countable and uncountable, plural blisters)

→ Polish: blister

From Middle English blister, from Old French blestre, from a Germanic source. Compare Middle Dutch blyster (“swelling”), Old Norse blastr (“a blowing”).

'T is written in the Hebrew Chronicle, / How the physicians, leaving pill and potion, / Prescribed, by way of blister, a young belle, / When old King David's blood grew dull in motion, / And that the medicine answered very well […]

1819–1824, [Lord Byron], Don Juan, London, (please specify |canto=I to XVII):

(medicine) Something applied to the skin to raise a blister; a vesicatory or other applied medicine.


bilious

en-adj

bilious (comparative more bilious, superlative most bilious)

more bilious (comparative)
most bilious (superlative)

From French bilieux, from Latin bīliōsus (“full of bile”), from bīlis (“bile”) + -ōsus (“full of”).

Perry tells me that Mr. Cole never touches malt liquor. You would not think it to look at him, but he is bilious—Mr. Cole is very bilious.

1815, Jane Austen, Emma, volume II, chapter 7:

(pathology) Suffering from real or supposed liver disorder, especially excessive secretions of bile.

sappitautinen

suffering from real or supposed liver disorder


zeitgeber

en-noun

zeitgeber (plural zeitgebers or zeitgeber)

/ˈzʌɪtɡeɪbə/

From German Zeitgeber, from Zeit (“time”) + Geber (“giver”).

Thus, while light is the most reliable and thus the primary zeitgeber, there are many factors that can be used in addition to, or in the absence of, daylight.

2017, Matthew Walker, Why We Sleep, Penguin, published 2018, page 18:

(physiology) A rhythmically occurring cue given by the environment, such as a change in light or temperature, to reset the internal body clock.


cirrhosis

cirrhosis (countable and uncountable, plural cirrhoses)

From Ancient Greek κιρρός (kirrhós, “tawny”) and -osis.

(pathology) A chronic disease of the liver caused by damage from toxins (including alcohol), metabolic problems, hepatitis, or nutritional deprivation, characterised by an increase in fibrous tissue and the destruction of liver cells.


antipruritic

(pharmacology, dermatology) a medical agent that stops itching.


West Nile fever

(pathology) A disease caused by the West Nile virus that is transmitted from birds to mosquitoes and then to people. Symptoms include drowsiness, headache and nausea, pain in the abdomen, a rash, and swollen glands, and may prove fatal.


impetigo

impetigo (countable and uncountable, plural impetigos or impetigoes or impetigines)

impetigos (plural)
impetigoes (plural)
impetigines (plural)

/ɪmpɪˈtaɪɡəʊ/

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-impetigo.wav

Learned borrowing from Latin impetīgō, from impetĕre (literally “to rush upon, assail, attack”).

(pathology) A contagious bacterial skin disease forming pustules and yellow crusty sores, chiefly on the face and hands. It is common in children and infection is often through cuts or insect bites.


anthrax

anthrax (usually uncountable, plural anthraxes)

From Ancient Greek ἄνθραξ (ánthrax, “abscess, boil”).

der

Bacillus anthracis
Bacillus anthracis#Translingual

(pathology) An acute infectious disease of herbivores, especially sheep and cattle, caused by Bacillus anthracis.


alcoholism

en-noun

alcoholism (usually uncountable, plural alcoholisms)

From alcohol + -ism. Derived from New Latin alcoholismus chronicus, coined by the Swedish professor of medicine Magnus Huss in 1849.


Adam's apple

Calque of Latin pomum Adami, which is found in the botanical sense from 1560 and the anatomical sense from 1600. According to the earliest sources, the anatomical usage derives from a common belief that Adam was punished by God for the fall of man by having a piece of the forbidden fruit lodged in his throat (see 1662 citation).

That same bunch which is seen on the foreside of the Neck, is called Adams Apple, because the common people have a beliefe, that by the judgement of God, a part of that fatal Apple, abode sticking in Adams Throat, and is so communicated to his posterity

1662 [1651], Nicholas Culpeper, Abdiah Cole, transl., Bartholinus Anatomy, London: Peter Cole, translation of Protuberantia illa in collo anterius conspicua, dicitur Pomum Adami; [quia vulgo persuasum in Adami faucibus pomi fatalis partem ex pœna Divina remansisse, & ad posteros translatam] by Thomas Bartholin, page 123:

He was seated some way down a table at right angles to the one at which I sat, a man of mean appearance with a greyish complexion, thin, with a square nose, a heavy wiry moustache and a big Adam's apple sticking out between the wings of his collar.

1911, H[erbert] G[eorge] Wells, The New Machiavelli, London: John Lane; The Bodley Head […], →OCLC:

The thickness of his wrist and the greatness of his fingers made authentic the mighty frame of him hidden under loose dungaree pants and cotton shirt, buttonless, open from midriff to Adam’s apple, exposing a chest matted with a thatch of hair as white as that of his head and face.

1919 September, Jack London, “The Bones of Kahelili”, in On the Makaloa Mat, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company, →OCLC, pages 42–43:

A barber shop and pool room. A man in shirt sleeves, presumably Del Snafflin the proprietor, shaving a man who had a large Adam's apple.

1920, Sinclair Lewis, Main Street: The Story of Carol Kennicott, New York, N.Y.: Harcourt, Brace and Howe, →OCLC:

laryngeal prominence
laryngeal prominence

(anatomy) The lump in the throat, usually more noticeable in men than in women; the laryngeal prominence.


agateophobia

(psychology, psychiatry) A fear of insanity.


meninx

Borrowed from New Latin mēninx, from Ancient Greek μῆνῐγξ (mênĭnx, “membrane of the eye; membrane enclosing the brain; eardrum”).

bor

Meronyms: arachnoid mater, dura mater, pia mater

(anatomy, usually in the plural) A membrane, especially one of the three membranes lining the skull and vertebral canal and enclosing the brain and spinal cord in vertebrates.


synonymous

From Medieval Latin synōnymus, from Ancient Greek συνώνυμος (sunṓnumos). By surface analysis, synonym + -ous.

(genetics, of a SNP) Such that both its forms yield the same sequenced protein.

synonyme

genetics: with both forms yielding the same protein


ataxia

en-noun

ataxia (countable and uncountable, plural ataxias)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀταξία (ataxía, “disorder”), derived from ἄτακτος (átaktos, “disorderly”).

bor+

Cerebellar dysfunction is characterized by truncal ataxia, a broad-based stance, dysmetria in which the limbs either overstep (hypermetria) or understep (hypometria), and tremor that is most pronounced when the animal attempts a goal-orientated movement (intention tremor).

2004, Johnny D. Hoskins, Geriatrics and Gerontology of the Dog and Cat, →ISBN, page 358:

(pathology) Lack of coordination while performing voluntary movements, which may appear to be clumsiness, inaccuracy, or instability.


PAP

prostatic acid phosphatase
prostatic acid phosphatase#English

(medicine) Initialism of prostatic acid phosphatase.

positive airway pressure
positive airway pressure#English

(medicine) Acronym of positive airway pressure. (PAP ventilation)

(by extension) A positive airway pressure machine, a PAP device.

NPPV

non-invasive positive pressure ventilation


LV

en-noun

LV (countable and uncountable, plural LVs)

(anatomy, medicine) Initialism of left ventricle.


chelate

en-verb

chelate (third-person singular simple present chelates, present participle chelating, simple past and past participle chelated)

chelates (present singular third-person)
chelating (participle present)
chelated (participle past)
chelated (past)

From chelate compound + -ate (verb-forming suffix).

af

/ˈtʃɪːˌleɪt/

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-chelate.wav

(transitive, medicine) to remove heavy metals from the bloodstream using a chelate (such as EDTA).


PN

en-noun

PN (countable and uncountable, plural PNs)

(medicine) Abbreviation of practical nurse.


EB

EB (countable and uncountable, plural EBs)

(pathology) Initialism of elementary body.


MPA

medroxyprogesterone acetate
medroxyprogesterone acetate#English

(pharmacology) Initialism of medroxyprogesterone acetate.

(immunology) Initialism of microscopic polyangiitis.


PKC

(pathology) Initialism of paroxysmal kinesigenic choreoathetosis.


phantom limb

Weak or pulverized
No better medicine
Angels have been advised
Don't want no requiem
I'll just haunt you like a phantom limb

2013, “Phantom Limb”, performed by Alice in Chains:

(pathology) The false sensation, which is often painful, that an amputated limb is still present and attached.


filling

I will be using a rapid-setting cement filling.

My temporary filling fell out and got lost.

(dentistry) Any material used to fill a cavity in a tooth or the result of using such material.


zoster

zoster (countable and uncountable, plural zosters)

From Latin, from Ancient Greek ζωστήρ (zōstḗr).

(uncountable, pathology) The disease called herpes zoster (from the typically beltlike pattern of its rash); shingles.


therapeutics

(medicine) The treatment of disease; the science of healing; any therapeutic material or treatment


magnetic resonance imaging

magnetic resonance imaging (uncountable)

nuclear magnetic resonance
nuclear magnetic resonance

(medicine) A technique that uses nuclear magnetic resonance to form cross sectional images of the human body for diagnostic purposes.


musculus

Unadapted borrowing from Latin mūsculus (“a little mouse; a muscle”), diminutive of mūs (“a mouse”).


minging

From the present participle of mengen (“stir up someone's mind”) or formed from English ming (“to bring to (someone's) mind”). In Middle English, came to mean 'an exhortation'. In the 17th and 18th centuries attaining a specialized medical sense before becoming obsolete.

(medicine, rare, obsolete) A premonitory symptom.


diacetylmorphine

(pharmacology) The INN name for the drug heroin.


resonance

en-noun

resonance (countable and uncountable, plural resonances)

From Old French resonance (French résonance), from Latin resonantia (“echo”), from resonō (“I resound”).

(medicine) The sound produced by a hollow body part such as the chest cavity upon auscultation, especially that produced while the patient is speaking.


sciatica

sciatica (countable and uncountable, plural sciaticas)

Late Middle English, from Late Latin sciatica, feminine of sciaticus, from Ancient Greek ἰσχιαδικός (iskhiadikós), the adjective of ἰσχίον (iskhíon, “hip”).

(pathology, neurology) Neuralgia of the sciatic nerve, characterised by pain radiating down through the buttocks and the back of the thigh.


pruritus

pruritus (usually uncountable, plural prurituses)

Borrowed from Latin prūrītus (“itch, itching”), from prūriō (“itch”).

2018, AbbVie, "FDA Grants AbbVie's Upadacitinib Breakthrough Therapy Designation for Atopic Dermatitis", Drug Discovery & Development
Atopic dermatitis, a chronic inflammatory skin disease, is characterized by skin erosion, oozing and crusting, redness, intense itching (pruritus) and dry skin.

(medicine) Itching; especially, severe itching of undamaged skin; caused by allergy, infection, lymphoma etc.


FRC

FRC (countable and uncountable, plural FRCs)

General anesthesia may decrease the functional residual capacity (FRC) for up to 1 to 2 weeks postoperatively.

2011, Pauline K. Park, “Assessment of Noncardiac Perioperative Risk”, in Michael W. Mulholland, Gerard M. Doherty, editors, Complications in Surgery, 2nd edition, Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, →ISBN, page 83:

functional residual capacity
functional residual capacity#English

(physiology) Initialism of functional residual capacity.


pertussis

pertussis (countable and uncountable, plural pertusses)

From New Latin, from Latin per- (“thorough”) + tussis (“cough”).

With the introduction of an improved and standardized pertussis vaccine in the 1940s, there followed a remarkable decline in pertussis in the United States, most of the Western world, and Australia, New Zealand, and Japan.

1976, Charles R. Manclark, “The Current Status of Pertussis Vaccine: An Overview”, in D. Perlman, editor, Advances in Applied Microbiology, volume 20, page 1:

Bordetella pertussis is a Gram-negative bacterial pathogen that infects the human respiratory tract, causing the disease pertussis or whooping cough.

2009, Zoë E. V. Worthington, Nicholas H. Carbonetti, “18: Bordetella pertussis”, in Karl Wooldridge, editor, Bacterial Secreted Proteins: Secretory Mechanisms and Role in Pathogenesis, page 413:

2015, Dr. Stephen Berger, Pertussis: Global Status, GIDEON Informatics, Inc., E-book, page 343,
During 1993 to 2004, the hospitalization rate [in the US] for pertussis among infants ages <= 2 months was 239 per 100,000 live births.


nare

There is a Machiavelian plot, / Tho' ev'ry nare olfact it not;

1663, Samuel Butler, Hudibras, part 1, canto 1:


diphtheria

diphtheria (countable and uncountable, plural diphtherias)

/dɪfˈθɪə.ɹi.ə/

/dɪpˈθɪə.ɹi.ə/

From French diphtérie (later for a while also spelled diphthérie) in 1857, which was coined in 1855 with the suffix -ie to replace -ite in the previous term diphtérite for the disease because it affects more than one part of the body. The previous term (later for a while also spelled diphthérite) was coined in 1817 by Pierre Bretonneau using Ancient Greek διφθέρα (diphthéra, “prepared hide, leather”) in reference to the tough membrane that forms in the throat.
Bretonneau perhaps coined and used the Latin term diphtheritis (with its close imitation of Greek spelling typical of Neolatin) even earlier than the French term diphtérite, which follows the French habit of sometimes spelling t for the Latin transliteration th of Greek θ (but not, for example, in thermomètre).

der

Today diphtheria has become so rare — just five cases in the United States in the most recent decade measured — that many doctors would struggle to recognize it.

2019, Bill Bryson, The Body: A Guide for Occupants, Black Swan (2020), page 377:

(pathology) A serious infectious disease leading to inflammation of mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract, caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae.

witseerkeel

infectious disease of the upper respiratory tract


respiratory tract

en-noun

respiratory tract (plural respiratory tracts)

respiratory bronchiole
respiratory bronchiole

(anatomy) The passages, divided into an upper and a lower part, through which air enters and leaves the body, including the mouth, nose and nasal passages, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi and conducting bronchioles, sometimes further including the respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts and alveoli.


alveolus

Borrowed from Latin alveolus (“a small hollow or cavity”), diminutive of alveus (“a hollow, cavity”).

bor

(anatomy) Any of the many tiny air sacs in the lungs in which the bronchioles terminate and where oxygen and carbon dioxide are rapidly exchanged with the pulmonary capillaries.

(anatomy, dentistry) The bony socket in which the root of a tooth resides.

The sprouts proliferate and canalize to form the lactiferous ducts and the outbuddings form the alveoli of the mammary glands.

1997, Comprehensive Toxicology: Reproductive and endocrine toxicology, page 258:

(anatomy) An acinus (saclike cavity) in a gland.

A small cavity or pit.
An acinus (saclike cavity) in a gland.


filum

From Latin fīlum (“thread”). Doublet of file.

(anatomy) a filamentous anatomical structure


urologist

From urolog(y) + -ist or uro- + -logist.

Dr. Schirren: The members of this round table keep on speaking about urologists and gynecologists but you never mention andrologists.

1986, Emil Steinberger, G. Frajese, Anna Steinberger, editors, Reproductive Medicine, page 493:

In fact, at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minn., so many men sign up for vasectomies during March Madness that appointments reach “max capacity,” said Dr. Tobias S. Kohler, a urologist and men’s health expert at the medical center who has observed this phenomenon ever since he was an attending physician a decade ago.

2019 March 28, Christina Caron, “Why Don’t More American Men Get Vasectomies?”, in The New York Times:


vented

(medicine, colloquial) Attached to or equipped with a ventilator.


miso

I’m here to look for a small, white, hexagonal pill called misoprostol. Also known as miso or Cytotec, the drug induces an abortion that appears like a miscarriage during the early stages of a woman’s pregnancy. For women living in Latin America and other countries that have traditionally outlawed abortion, miso has been a lifeline […]

2014 June 27, Erica Hellerstein, “The Rise of the DIY Abortion in Texas”, in The Atlantic:

Now a year later, as the courts consider the fate of mifepristone and abortion providers gird for the possibility of a miso-only protocol, Cristina says that she’s grateful she was able to end her unwanted pregnancy, although she knows not everyone has access to the same resources […]

2023 July 31, Sara Hutchinson, “Having an Abortion at Home? There’s a Hotline for That”, in Cosmopolitan:

(pharmacology, informal) Clipping of misoprostol.


sclera

en-noun

sclera (plural scleras or sclerae or scleræ)

scleras (plural)
sclerae (plural)
scleræ (plural)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek σκληρός (sklērós, “hard”).

She'd been back a week and it was clear that college-level track was kicking her ass, the sclera in her normally wide manga-eyes were shot through with blood vessels.

2007, Junot Diaz, The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao:

Such pressures explain why humans are peculiar in having our rather small irises set against a white background—the sclera—in our eyes. Anyone watching us can infer where we are looking or whom we are looking at.

2016, Joseph Henrich, chapter 13, in The Secret of Our Success […] , Princeton: Princeton University Press, →ISBN:

(anatomy) The white of the eye; the tough outer coat of the eye that covers the eyeball except for the cornea.


vagus

Borrowing from Latin vagus (“wandering, rambling, strolling”).


vagus nerve

Partial translation of New Latin nervus vagus (“wandering nerve”).

der

(neuroanatomy) Either of the tenth pair of cranial nerves which extend from the medulla oblongata down into the abdomen. Branches of these important nerves supply the tongue, larynx, lungs, gut, and heart.


cranial nerve

(neuroanatomy) Any of the twelve paired nerves that originate from the brainstem or base of the brain instead of the spinal cord.


cerebellum

en-noun

cerebellum (plural cerebellums or cerebella)

Learned borrowing from Latin cerebellum, diminutive of cerebrum.

Holonym: hindbrain

Although the cerebellum occupies just 10 per cent of the cranial cavity, it has more than half the brain’s neurons.

2019, Bill Bryson, The Body: A Guide for Occupants, Black Swan, page 61:

(neuroanatomy) Part of the hindbrain in vertebrates. In humans it lies between the brainstem and the back of the cerebrum and is formed of two lateral lobes and a median lobe. It plays an important role in sensory perception, motor output, balance and posture.


artificial anus

artificial anus (plural artificial anuses or artificial ani)

artificial anuses (plural)
artificial ani (plural)

(surgery) An artificial opening of the intestine (usually a colostomy; sometimes an ileostomy).


astigmatism

astigmatism (countable and uncountable, plural astigmatisms)

From a- (negative prefix) + stem of Ancient Greek στίγμα (stígma, “mark, point”) + -ism. Coined by English polymath William Whewell in 1846.

coin

(pathology) A disorder of the vision, usually due to a misshapen cornea, such that light does not focus correctly on the retina causing a blurred image.


hyperopia

en-noun

hyperopia (countable and uncountable, plural hyperopias)

(pathology) A disorder of the vision where the eye focuses images behind the retina instead of on it, so that distant objects can be seen better than near objects.


haemophilia

haemophilia (countable and uncountable, plural haemophilias)

From haemo- + -philia, from Ancient Greek αἷμα (haîma, “blood”) + φιλία (philía, “friendship”). Originally called haemorrhaphilia, probably from the word haemorrhage.

(British spelling, pathology) Any of several hereditary illnesses that impair the body's ability to control bleeding, usually passed from mother to son.

هِيمُوفِيلِيَا

any of several hereditary illnesses that impair the body's ability to control bleeding


dyspepsia

dyspepsia (countable and uncountable, plural dyspepsias)

From dys- + Ancient Greek πέψις (pépsis, “digestion”) + -ia.

der

He divides dyspepsias into accidental, temporary (indigestions) and habitual.

It is not my strength of mind (exert it as I may) that will prevent me from experiencing dyspepsia, if such follies as these are exhibited before me.

1842, [anonymous collaborator of Letitia Elizabeth Landon], chapter XLIII, in Lady Anne Granard; or, Keeping up Appearances. […], volume II, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 253:

"And the cramps when my body - like a badly articulated skeleton - would all get twisted into one rigid tangle! But now, except some dyspepsia and urticaria of the palms, I am free from pain."

1925 July – 1926 May, A[rthur] Conan Doyle, “(please specify the chapter number)”, in The Land of Mist (eBook no. 0601351h.html), Australia: Project Gutenberg Australia, published April 2019:

I've never hunted myself, but I understand that half the battle is being able to make noises like some jungle animal with dyspepsia, and I believe that Aunt Dahlia in her prime could lift fellow-members of the Quorn and Pytchley out of their saddles with a single yip, though separated from them by two ploughed fields and a spinney.

1960, P[elham] G[renville] Wodehouse, chapter XII, in Jeeves in the Offing, London: Herbert Jenkins, →OCLC:

(pathology) Any mild disorder of digestion characterised by stomach pain, discomfort, heartburn, and nausea, often following a meal.


sensory

sensory neurons

(neuroanatomy) Conveying nerve impulses from the sense organs to the nerve centers.


menton

From French menton (“chin”). Doublet of mentum.

mandibular symphysis
mandibular symphysis

(anatomy) The lowest point of the chin / mandibular symphysis.


restitution

en-noun

restitution (countable and uncountable, plural restitutions)

/ˌɹɛstɪˈtuʃən/

From Old French restitucion, from Latin restitutio.

(medicine) The movement of rotation which usually occurs in childbirth after the head has been delivered, and which causes the latter to point towards the side to which it was directed at the beginning of labour.


contraindicate

en-verb

contraindicate (third-person singular simple present contraindicates, present participle contraindicating, simple past and past participle contraindicated)

contraindicates (present singular third-person)
contraindicating (participle present)
contraindicated (participle past)
contraindicated (past)

(medicine) To make inadvisable; to warn against a specific medicine or treatment.


heartburn

en-noun

heartburn (countable and uncountable, plural heartburns)

From Middle English hertbryne, herte-bren (“lust", also "heartburn”, literally “heart burn”), equivalent to heart + burn. Compare also Middle English herte-brennyng (“anger, bitterness, heartburn”, literally “burning of/in the heart, heart-burning”). Compare also Ancient Greek καρδιαλγία (kardialgía), from καρδία (kardía, “heart”) + ἄλγος (álgos, “pain”). From being a burning sensation near the location of the heart in the chest.

cog

Coordinate term: cardiodynia

(pathology) A burning pain in the chest that is caused by stomach acid entering the gullet.


cold abscess

(pathology) A chronic abscess that forms slowly, without pain, heat or inflammation.


Chagas' disease

Named after Brazilian physician Carlos Chagas, who first described it in 1909.

named-after

(pathology) A form of trypanosomiasis prevalent in South America, caused by the parasitic trypanosome T. cruzi. It is transmitted to many mammals such as humans through insect bites, mainly by kissing bugs. Symptoms include fever, oedema, cardiomyopathy, and enlargement of the spleen and lymph nodes. It can be fatal.


carbuncle

/ˈkɑɹˌbʌŋ.kl̩/

From Middle English carbuncle, charbocle, from Old French carbuncle, charbuncle, from Latin carbunculus (“a small coal; a reddish kind of precious stone; a kind of tumor”), diminutive of carbō (“a coal, charcoal”). Doublet of Garfinkel and Garfunkel.

der

(pathology) An abscess larger than a boil, usually with one or more openings draining pus onto the skin. It is usually caused by staphylococcal infection.


testudo

en-noun

testudo (plural testudos or testudoes or testudines)

testudos (plural)
testudoes (plural)
testudines (plural)

Unadapted borrowing from Latin testūdō (“tortoise, turtle, lyre, type of military shelter”).


MSF

Médecins Sans Frontières
w:Médecins Sans Frontières

(medicine) Initialism of Médecins Sans Frontières.


scabies

From Middle English scabies, scabiez, from Latin scabiēs (“scurf; scab, mange, itch”), from scabō (“scratch, scrape”, verb).

der

Coordinate term: (in animals) mange

Further, just as the discovery of the cause of scabies proved the absurdity of many of the old prescriptions for the prevention and treatment of that disease; so the discovery of the cause of splenic fever, and other such maladies, has given a new direction to prophylactic and curative measures against the worst scourges of humanity.

1889, T. H. Huxley, The Advance of Science in the Last Half-Century:

Sarcoptes scabiei
Sarcoptes scabiei#Translingual

(pathology) An infestation of parasitic mites, Sarcoptes scabiei, causing intense itching caused by the mites burrowing into the skin of humans and other animals. It is easily transmissible from human to human; secondary skin infection may occur.

zgjebe

an infestation of parasitic mites, Sarcoptes scabiei


scarlet fever

en-noun

scarlet fever (countable and uncountable, plural scarlet fevers)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-scarlet fever.wav

(attraction to soldiers): In allusion to the red coats they used to wear.

"I am sure," replied Mrs. Palmer, "if it were not wicked, I should be glad that you had the scarlet fever; I am so much happier since I knew you...

1838 (date written), L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter V, in Lady Anne Granard; or, Keeping up Appearances. […], volume I, London: Henry Colburn, […], published 1842, →OCLC, page 54:

(pathology) A streptococcal infection, mainly occurring among children, and characterized by a red skin rash, sore throat and fever.


rubella

From Latin rubellus (“reddish”), diminutive of ruber (“red”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ-.

(pathology) A mild disease caused by the Rubella virus infecting the respiratory tract, and characterised by a rash of pink dots, fever and swollen lymph nodes.


gastroenterology

From Ancient Greek γαστήρ (gastḗr, “belly”) + Ancient Greek ἔντερον (énteron, “intestine”) + Ancient Greek -λογία (-logía). By surface analysis, gastro- + enterology.

surf

(medicine) The study of the digestive system, from the mouth to the anus; may also include the study of accessory organs: pancreas, liver, gallbladder and bile ducts.


POS

en-noun

POS (countable and uncountable, plural POSes or POSs)

peripheral oxygen saturation
peripheral oxygen saturation#English

(medicine) Initialism of peripheral oxygen saturation.


German measles

First described and distinguished from rubeola, red measles by the German doctor Friedrich Hoffmann in 1740

(pathology, now possibly offensive) Rubella.


Lassa fever

When he showed up in A & E with a cough and chest pain later that evening, the doctor on call suspected Lassa fever and asked that he be transferred to Ifẹ̀ for isolation.

2023, Ayọ̀bámi Adébáyọ̀, A Spell of Good Things, Canongate Books, page 243:

(pathology) An acute, and often fatal, viral infection endemic to West Africa. Symptoms include fever, sore throat, muscle aches, a skin rash, headache, abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhoea, ulcers, heart and kidney failure.


BCC

Ulcerated BCC may mimic SCC, and Bowen's disease may be misdiagnosed for the superficial and morphoeic forms.

1993, W. E. De Launey, Harvey Rotstein, W. A. Land, De Launey and Land Principles and Practice of Dermatology:

Among the inhibitors of the Hh pathway that interact directly with SMO, vismodegib and sonidegib are the two compounds approved by FDA in 2012 and 2015, respectively, for the treatment of basal cell carcinoma (BCC).

2016 March 3, “Novel Acylguanidine Derivatives Targeting Smoothened Induce Antiproliferative and Pro-Apoptotic Effects in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Cells”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

basal cell carcinoma
basal cell carcinoma#English

(medicine) Initialism of basal cell carcinoma.


poliomyelitis

poliomyelitis (countable and uncountable, plural poliomyelitides)

pŏ'lĭōmīəlīʹtĭs

pō'lĭōmīəlīʹtĭs

/ˌpɒlɪəʊmaɪəˈlaɪtɪs/

/ˈpəʊlɪəʊmaɪəˈlaɪtɪs/

Borrowed from German Poliomyelitis, from the Ancient Greek πολιός (poliós, “grey”) + μυελός (muelós, “marrow”) + -ῖτις (-îtis, “-itis”). Compare French poliomyélite.

af

(pathology) Acute infection by the poliovirus, especially of the motor neurons in the spinal cord and brainstem, leading to muscle weakness, paralysis and sometimes deformity.

急性灰白髄炎

きゅうせいかいはくずいえん


quadriceps

en-noun

quadriceps (plural quadricepses or quadriceps)

quadricepses (plural)
quadriceps (plural)

Borrowed from Latin quadriceps, literally “four-headed”, from quadri- + -ceps, from quattuor (“four”) and from caput (“head”).

(anatomy) A muscle having four heads, especially the large extensor at the front of the thigh.

четириглав мускул

a muscle having four heads, especially the large extensor at the front of the thigh.


extensor

Starting at the point of shoulder, use muscle squeezings, picking-ups, kneadings and gentle frictions, interspersed with effleurages, over the triceps muscle as well as the fleshy part of the flexor and extensor muscle groups.

2004, Jean-Pierre Hourdebaigt, Canine Massage: A Complete Reference Manual:

(anatomy) A muscle whose contraction extends or straightens a limb or body part.


vocal cord

(anatomy, usually in the plural) Either of two pairs of folds of mucous membrane stretched horizontally across the human larynx whose vibrations help to produce the voice.


biceps brachii

biceps brachii (plural biceps brachiorum or biceps brachii)

biceps brachiorum (plural)
biceps brachii (plural)


socket

From Middle English socket, soket, from Anglo-Norman soket (“spearhead”), diminutive of Old French soc (“plowshare”), from Vulgar Latin *soccus, a word borrowed from Gaulish, from Proto-Celtic *sukkos (compare modern Welsh swch (“plowshare”)), literally "pig's snout", from Proto-Indo-European *suH-.

套接字

computing interprocess communication channel

(anatomy) A hollow into a bone which a part fits, such as an eye, or another bone, in the case of a joint.

རུས་མིག (rus mig, literally “bone hole/eye”)


emphysema

emphysema (countable and uncountable, plural emphysemas or emphysemata)

emphysemas (plural)
emphysemata (plural)

Multiple origins. Partially from post-Classical Latin emphȳsēma (“swelling”), from Ancient Greek ἐμφῡ́σημα (emphū́sēma), from ἐμφῡσάω (emphūsáō, “to puff up”). Also borrowed from Middle French emphysema, from the same Latin source; compare French emphysème. Attested from the late 16th century.

(pathology) An abnormal accumulation of air or other gas in tissues, most commonly the lungs.

The panacinar emphysema shows higher compliance with lungs then the centriacinar emphysema 5 .

2015 June 5, Geeta Shroff, “Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) in the treatment of emphysematous COPD: a case report”, in Clinical Case Reports, volume 3, →DOI:

His family announced the death on social media on Thursday, but provided no details. In 2024, Mr. Lynch announced that he had developed emphysema after years of smoking, and that as a result any subsequent films would have to be directed remotely.

2025 January 16, J. Hoberman, “David Lynch Dead: ‘Twin Peaks’ and ‘Mulholland Drive’ Director Was 78”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

pulmonary emphysema
pulmonary emphysema#English

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

(medicine) Ellipsis of pulmonary emphysema, a chronic lung disease, one type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.


thalamus

From Latin thalamus, from Ancient Greek θάλαμος (thálamos, “an inner chamber, a bedroom, a bed”).

der

Holonym: diencephalon

(neuroanatomy) Either of two large, ovoid structures of grey matter within the forebrain that relay sensory impulses to the cerebral cortex.


cortex

en-noun

cortex (countable and uncountable, plural cortexes or cortices)

(countable, anatomy) The outer layer of an internal organ or body structure, such as the kidney or the brain.


annulus

Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin ānnulus, a misspelling of Latin ānulus (“ring, especially one worn on a finger”), from ānus (“ring”) (from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eh₂no- (“ring”)) + -ulus (diminutive suffix).
The plural form annuli is a learned borrowing from Medieval Latin ānnulī.

lbor

annulus fibrosus cordis
annulus fibrosus cordis

(anatomy) A ring of fibrous tissue; specifically (cardiology), such a ring around an opening of a heart valve, to which the valve leaflets and muscle fibres of the atria and ventricles are attached; an annulus fibrosus cordis.

rengas

ring of fibrous tissue; specifically, such a ring around an opening of a heart valve


comminution

en-noun

comminution (countable and uncountable, plural comminutions)

From Latin comminūtiō (“breaking into pieces, crumbling, shattering; crushing, pulverizing”), from Latin comminuō (“to break or crumble into small pieces; to crush, pulverize”) (from com- (prefix indicating completeness) + minuō (“to make smaller; to diminish, lessen”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *mey- (“little, small”)) + Latin -tiō (suffix forming a noun relating to some action or the result of an action); equivalent to comminute + -ion.

der

Comminution of the shaft of one or of both bones of the fore-arm does not of itself indicate operative interference, other complications may necessitate primary or secondary amputation.

1851, Friedrich Esmarch, “On the Treatment of These Injuries”, in On Resection in Gun-shot Injuries. Observation and Experience in the Schleswig-Holstein Campaigns of 1848 to 1851, Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany: Carl Schroder & Co., →OCLC, part I (On the Injuries of Shafts of Bones by Bullets), page 56:

Wrist fractures encountered in natural disasters most frequently belong to the more complicated types, viz. III, IV and VIII. Importantly, comminutions are common. When both radius and ulnar^([sic – meaning ulna]) are involved with comminutions, joint surface involvements are often combined with soft tissue injuries.

2016, Ping-Chung Leung, Kwong-Sui Leung, Leung-Kim Hung, “Hand and Wrist Injuries”, in Nikolaj Wolfson, editor, Orthpedics in Disasters: Orthopedic Injuries in Natural Disasters and Mass Casualty Events, Heidelberg: Springer Nature, →DOI, →ISBN, part IV (Treatment of Orthopaedic Injuries: Specific Orthopaedic Injuries), section 27.6.1 (Distal Radius Fracture), page 300, column 2:

(traumatology) The fracture of a bone site in multiple pieces (technically, at least three); crumbling.


cerebral cortex

en-noun

cerebral cortex (plural cerebral cortices or cerebral cortexes)

cerebral cortices (plural)
cerebral cortexes (plural)

Similar studies of rats have employed four different intracranial resorbable, slow sustained release systems— […]. Such a slow-release device containing angiogenic factors could be placed on the pia mater covering the cerebral cortex and tested in persons with senile dementia in long term studies.

2013 May-June, Charles T. Ambrose, “Alzheimer’s Disease”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 3, page 200:

(neuroanatomy) The grey, folded, outermost layer of the cerebrum that is responsible for higher brain processes such as sensation, voluntary muscle movement, thought, reasoning, and memory.


venule

(anatomy) A small vein, especially one that connects capillaries to a larger vein.

веничка

a small vein, especially one that connects capillaries to a larger vein


rheumatoid arthritis

rheumatoid arthritis (usually uncountable, plural rheumatoid arthritides)

(pathology) A chronic and progressive disease in which the immune system attacks the joints. It is characterised by pain, inflammation and swelling of the joints, stiffness, weakness, loss of mobility and deformity. Tissues throughout the body can be affected, including the skin, blood vessels, heart, lungs, and muscles.


osteoarthritis

osteoarthritis (countable and uncountable, plural osteoarthritides or osteoarthritises)

osteoarthritides (plural)
osteoarthritises (plural)

(pathology) A form of arthritis, affecting mainly older people, caused by chronic degeneration of the cartilage and synovial membrane of the joints, leading to pain and stiffness.

فُصَال عَظْمِيّ

form of arthritis caused by chronic degeneration of the cartilage and synovial membrane of the joints

変形性関節症

へんけいせいかんせつしょう


synovia

synovia (usually uncountable, plural synovias)

the immunoglobulins of synovias from normal and arthritic horses and foals


synovial membrane

synovial membrane (plural synovial membranes)

(anatomy) A thin membrane that lines the ligamentous surfaces of joint capsules, tendon sheaths where free movement is necessary, and bursae; it is composed of dense connective tissue and secretes synovial fluid.


immune system

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-immune system.wav

(anatomy, immunology) The system that differentiates self from non-self and protects the body from foreign substances and pathogenic organisms by producing an immune response. It includes organs such as the thymus, the spleen and lymph nodes; tissue such as bone marrow, and lymphoid tissues such as the tonsils; cells such as lymphocytes including the B cells and T cells, and cell products such as antibodies.

իմունային համակարգ

system that protects the body from foreign material and organisms


lumbago

lumbago (countable and uncountable, plural lumbagos)

/lʌmˈbeɪɡəʊ/

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-lumbago.wav

/ˌlʌmˈbeɪˌɡoʊ/

The noun is borrowed from Late Latin lumbāgō (“backache of the lumbar region”), from Late Latin lumbus (“lumbar”), Latin lumbus (“loin”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *lendʰ- (“loins”)) + -āgō (suffix forming nouns describing objects, animals, and plants).
The verb is derived from the noun.

bor

Sir Oswald Feiling winced as he turned to go home. He had felt a warning twinge of lumbago.

1935, Francis Beeding [pseudonym; John Palmer], chapter VII, in The Norwich Victims, London: Arcturus Publishing, published 2013, →ISBN, →OL, section 2:

We may imagine an athletics coach with a scientific training researching into the physiology and the psychology of runners. [...] He finds out the effects of fatigue, of alcohol, of tobacco, of lumbago and of depression upon their performances.

1953, Gilbert Ryle, “Dilemma VII: Perception”, in Dilemmas: The Tarner Lectures, 1953, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, New York, N.Y.: Cambridge University Press, published 1954 (1987 printing), →ISBN, page 105:

(uncountable) Backache of the lumbar region or lower back, which can be caused by muscle strain or a slipped disc.

(countable) An episode of such backache.


lumbago

en-verb

lumbago (third-person singular simple present lumbagos, present participle lumbagoing, simple past and past participle lumbagoed)

lumbagos (present singular third-person)
lumbagoing (participle present)
lumbagoed (participle past)
lumbagoed (past)

/lʌmˈbeɪɡəʊ/

/ˌlʌmˈbeɪˌɡoʊ/

(transitive) To affect (someone) with lumbago.


smear

en-noun

smear (countable and uncountable, plural smears)

From Middle English smeren, smerien, from Old English smerian, smyrian, smierwan (“to anoint or rub with grease, oil, etc.”), from Proto-West Germanic *smirwijan, from Proto-Germanic *smirwijaną. Doublet of schmear.
Cognate with Saterland Frisian smeere, Dutch smeren, Low German smeren, German schmieren.

I'm going to the doctor's this afternoon for a smear.

(medicine) A Pap smear (screening test for cervical cancer).


suppress

en-verb

suppress (third-person singular simple present suppresses, present participle suppressing, simple past and past participle suppressed)

suppresses (present singular third-person)
suppressing (participle present)
suppressed (participle past)
suppressed (past)

From Latin suppressus, perfect passive participle of supprimō (“press down or under”), from sub (“under”) + premō (“press”).

He unconsciously suppressed his memories of abuse.

(psychiatry) To exclude undesirable thoughts from one's mind.

потискам

psychiatry: to exclude undesirable thoughts from one's mind


scaler

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-scaler.wav

(dentistry) A dentistry tool with two hooks.


sepsis

en-noun

sepsis (countable and uncountable, plural sepses)

coined by Hippocrates From Ancient Greek σῆψις (sêpsis, “putrefaction”), from σήπειν (sḗpein, “to make rotten”), from σήψ (sḗps, “a kind of lizard; also a kind of serpent whose bite was alleged to cause putrefaction”).

der

Imagine the sepsis of helpless loathing [Jimmy Connors] must have inspired in his opponents during his "great runs" at the US Open.

1994, Martin Amis, New Yorker, reprinted in The Rub of Time (NY: Knopf, 2017), pp. 213-14

(pathology) A serious medical condition in which the whole body is inflamed, causing injury to its own tissues and organs as a response to infection.


verruca

(pathology) A wart, especially one that grows on the foot, caused by a human papilloma virus.


mutation

en-noun

mutation (countable and uncountable, plural mutations)

Late 14th century as Middle English mutacioun, from Latin mūtātiō, both directly and via Old French mutacion.

Plant breeding is always a numbers game.[…]The wild species we use are rich in genetic variation, […]. In addition, we are looking for rare alleles, so the more plants we try, the better. These rarities may be new mutations, or they can be existing ones that are neutral—or are even selected against—in a wild population. A good example is mutations that disrupt seed dispersal, leaving the seeds on the heads long after they are ripe.

2013 May-June, David Van Tassel, Lee DeHaan, “Wild Plants to the Rescue”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 3, archived from the original on 2013-08-14:

(genetics) Any heritable change of the base-pair sequence of genetic material.


productive

en-adj

productive (comparative more productive, superlative most productive)

more productive (comparative)
most productive (superlative)

Borrowed from Late Latin productivus, equivalent to product + -ive.

(medicine) Of a cough, producing mucus or sputum from the respiratory tract.

(medicine) Of inflammation, producing new tissue.


meso-

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-meso-.wav

From Ancient Greek μέσος (mésos, “middle”). Doublet of mid- and medio-.

mesoappendix is part of the mesentery found near the appendix and the terminal ileum, mesoduodenum is the mesentery of the duodenum, mesogastrium is the part of the embryonic mesentery that includes the stomach

mesoanterior is mesial and anterior, mesomedial is mesial and medial, meson is the mesial plane dividing the body into similar right and left halves

(anatomy) Mesial in location, position, or direction: towards the midline of the body.

mesocone is a conule in the median mure where the mesoloph is attached to it, mesoflexus is a flexus between the mesoloph and the paracone, mesoloph is a crest in front of the metaflexus, connected to the median mure

(dentistry) The forward side of a tooth.


cotyledon

From Latin cotylēdōn, from Ancient Greek κοτυληδών (kotulēdṓn, “cup-shaped cavity”), from κοτύλη (kotúlē, “cup”).

der

Forced to apply animal findings to humans, his human womb also had cotyledons like a dog's.

1997, Roy Porter, The Greatest Benefit to Mankind, Folio Society, published 2016, page 72:

(physiology) Each of the patches of villi on the foetal chorion in the placenta of ruminants and some other mammals.


electric organ

(anatomy) An effector organ found in some fish (especially electric eels and electric catfish), that can produce a voltage large enough to aid in predation.


electrocyte

(anatomy) A modified striated muscle cell that does not contract, but produces electric signals; the component of the electric organ in some fish.


planta

Borrowed from Latin planta (“sole of the foot”). Doublet of clan and plant.


antimicrobial

(pharmacology) Tending to destroy or capable of destroying microbes.

(pharmacology) Inhibiting the growth of microbes.

(pharmacology) Preventing or counteracting the pathogenic action of microbes.

հակամանրէային

preventing the pathogenic action of microbes


repetitive strain injury

en-noun

repetitive strain injury (plural repetitive strain injuries)

repetitive strain injuries (plural)
as RSI (abbreviation)

(pathology) injury to muscles and tendons caused by continuous repetitive use of particular muscle groups, especially in one's arms and hands, for example by using a keyboard and/or mouse, playing a musical instrument or working on an assembly line

重複使力傷害 /重复使力伤害

injury to muscles and tendons caused by repetitive use

(acronym "LER") lesão por esforço repetitivo


tularemia

Tulare County, California (where it was discovered) + -emia

Tularemia, an infectious disease spread by ticks, kills 150 or so people a year in America.

2019, Bill Bryson, The Body: A Guide for Occupants, Black Swan (2020), page 372:

(pathology) An infectious disease caused by the bacterium Francisella tularensis.


antipsychotic

(pharmacology) Preventing or counteracting psychosis.


antipsychotic

(pharmacology) Any of a group of drugs used to treat psychosis.

antipsychotikum

any of a group of drugs used to treat psychosis


sexually transmitted disease

sexually transmitted disease (plural sexually transmitted diseases)

SHEPARD: Have you got a minute to talk?
MORDIN: Perhaps later. Trying to determine how scale itch got onto Normandy. Sexually transmitted disease only carried by varren. Implications unpleasant.

2010, BioWare, Mass Effect 2, Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →OCLC, PC, scene: Normandy SR-2:

(pathology) Any of various diseases that are usually contracted through sexual contact.

دَاء مَنْقُول جِنْسِيًّا

disease contracted through sexual contact — see also venereal disease, STD

性行為感染症

せいこういかんせんしょう

zabolevánije, peredajúščejesja polovým putjóm

заболева́ние, передаю́щееся половы́м путём

zaxvórjuvannja, ščo peredajétʹsja statévym šljáxom

захво́рювання, що передає́ться стате́вим шля́хом


catheter

/ˈkæθɪtə(ɹ)/

Borrowed from French cathéter, from Late Latin cathetēr, from Ancient Greek καθετήρ (kathetḗr, “surgical instrument for emptying the bladder”), from καθίημι (kathíēmi, “to descend, let down”) + -τήρ (-tḗr, suffix forming masculine nouns from verbs).

der

And I humbly hope, that the Deſcription, and the Method of uſing this Catheter, will be a means of reviving an Operation ſo happily begun, and calculated for the Good of thoſe that are afflicted with the Stone in the Bladder.

1741 August–December, Archibald Cleland, “XXVI. A Description of a Catheter, Made to Remedy the Inconveniencies Which Occasioned the Leaving Off the High Operation for the Stone; …”, in Philosophical Transactions. Giving Some Account of the Present Undertakings, Studies, and Labours, of the Ingenious, in Many Considerable Parts of the World, volume XLI, part II, London: Printed for T. Woodward, and C. Davis, […] printers to the Royal Society, published 1744, page 844:

Of course there are two kinds of catheters, one intended for the male, the other for the female urethra. The common catheter is a silver tube, of such diameter as will allow it to be introduced with ease into the urethra, and of various figures and lengths, according as it is intended for the young or adult, the male or female, subject.

1818, Samuel Cooper, “CATHETER”, in A Dictionary of Practical Surgery: […], 3rd revised, corrected and enlarged edition, London: Printed for Longman, Hurst, Rees, orme, and Brown [et al.], →OCLC, page 247, column 2:

Careful positioning of the catheter is essential to achieve a technically satisfactory dialysis. Final placement is made by assessing drainage and by positioning the tip of the catheter according to the patient's comfort.

1989, Charles Mion, “Practical Use of Peritoneal Dialysis”, in John F[rancis] Maher, editor, Replacement of Renal Function by Dialysis: A Textbook of Dialysis, 3rd updated and enlarged edition, Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, →ISBN, page 540:

Embryos are transferred into a womb using a long, soft catheter attached to a syringe containing the embryos in a transfer solution. The catheter is threaded through the endocervical canal ("birth canal") into the uterine cavity under ultrasound guidance, and the embryos are deposited gently high in the womb.

2008 February, Timothy P. Collins, “On Abandoned Embryos”, in Eugene F. Diamond, editor, The Linacre Quarterly: Journal of the Catholic Medical Association, volume 75, number 1, Wynnewood, Pa.: Catholic Medical Association, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 3:

(medicine) A small tube inserted into a body cavity to administer a drug, create an opening, distend a passageway, or remove fluid.


wandering

a wandering kidney; a wandering liver

(medicine, of an organ) Abnormally capable of moving in certain directions.


BE

(medicine) Initialism of board-eligible.


sublime

en-adj

sublime (comparative sublimer, superlative sublimest)

sublimer (comparative)
sublimest (superlative)

The adjective is derived from Middle French sublime (“admirable, excellent, perfect; placed in a high position; reaching a great height; of a person: of high office or rank”) (modern French sublime), and from its etymon Latin sublīmis, sublīmus (“elevated, raised; exalted, uplifted, sublime”, adjective): see etymology 1.
The noun is derived from Middle French sublime (“elevated style in writing; quality in art or nature inspiring awe, reverence, etc.”) (modern French sublime), from the adjective: see further above.
Cognates
* Catalan sublim
* Italian sublime
* Portuguese sublime
* Spanish sublime

վեհ

of a person: dignified, majestic, noble — see also dignified, majestic, noble

(anatomy) Of a muscle (especially the flexor digitorum superficialis muscle of the forearm which lies above the flexor digitorum profundus muscle): positioned above another muscle; superficial.

flexor digitorum superficialis
flexor digitorum superficialis

flexor digitorum profundus
flexor digitorum profundus

(pathology) Of breathing: very laboured.


centromere

Borrowed from German Centromer, corresponding to centro- + -mere (from Ancient Greek μέρος (méros, “part”)).

The aberrant bivalents with single terminal chiasmata are specially liable to this failure of orientation, presumably because their centromeres lie exceptionally far apart, as is the case in similar circumstances in a Lilium hybrid with reduced chiasma-frequency.

1936, C. D. Darlington, “The Analysis of Chromosome Movements, I. Podophyllum versipelle”, in Cytologia, volume 7, numbers 1-2, page 242:

Every chromosome has a long arm and a short arm separated by a pinch point known as a centromere.

1999, Matt Ridley, Genome, Harper Perennial, published 2000, page 16:

(genetics) The central region of a eukaryotic chromosome where the kinetochore is assembled.


CIS

clinical information system
w:clinical information system

(medicine, software) Initialism of clinical information system.


puff

en-noun

puff (countable and uncountable, plural puffs)

From Middle English puff, puf, from Old English pyf (“a blast of wind, puff”), imitative. Cognate with Middle Low German puf, pof.

onomatopoeic

imitative

(genetics) A region of a chromosome exhibiting a local increase in diameter.


DTP

(medicine) A type of combination vaccine protecting against diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis.


actinomycin

en-noun

actinomycin (countable and uncountable, plural actinomycins)

(biochemistry, pharmacology) Any of a class of toxic polypeptide antibiotics found in soil bacteria of genus Streptomyces.

اکتینومایسین

antibiotic found in bacteria of genus Streptomyces


rickets

Unknown. Originally a local name for the disease in Dorset and Somerset, England. Occasionally postulated to be derived from a Dorsetian dialectal term *rucket (“to breathe with difficulty, wheeze”), but the semantic connection is tenuous. See rachitis, but the medical name was chosen purposefully by English physician Daniel Whistler from phonetic similarity to rickets.

(pathology) A disorder of infancy and early childhood due to a deficiency of vitamin D, causing soft or weak bones.


hyperoxaluria

(medicine) The presence of an excessive amount of oxalic acid or oxalates in the urine.

hyperoksaluria

presence of excessive amount of oxalic acid or oxalates


dilation and curettage

(medicine) A surgical procedure in which the cervix is dilated and the lining of the uterus is scraped with a curet.


senile

1660s; borrowed from French sénile, from Middle French senile, from Old French senile, from Latin senīlis (“of or pertaining to old age”), from senex (“old man”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sénos (“old”).

der

Seniles differ markedly in their early adult intelligence level, and in their social, vocational, and educational histories.

1979, Oscar J. Kaplan, Psychopathology of Aging, page 54:

(dated, medicine) A person who is senile.


frankly

en-adv

frankly (comparative franklier or more frankly, superlative frankliest or most frankly)

franklier (comparative)
more frankly (comparative)
frankliest (superlative)
most frankly (superlative)

frankly septic

frankly psychotic

(sciences, medicine) To a degree large enough as to be plainly evident.


refract

en-verb

refract (third-person singular simple present refracts, present participle refracting, simple past and past participle refracted)

refracts (present singular third-person)
refracting (participle present)
refracted (participle past)
refracted (past)

From Latin refrāctum, neuter form of refrāctus, the past participle of refringō, itself from re- (“again”) + frangō (“I break”).

A prism can refract light.

(transitive, ophthalmology) To measure, and often also to correct with lenses, the refractive error of (an eye) or the eyes of (a person).


SPD

en-noun

SPD (countable and uncountable, plural SPDs)

sensory processing disorder
w:sensory processing disorder

(neuroscience) Initialism of sensory processing disorder.

symphysis pubis dysfunction
w:symphysis pubis dysfunction

(medicine) Initialism of symphysis pubis dysfunction.


subliminal

en-adj

subliminal (comparative more subliminal, superlative most subliminal)

more subliminal (comparative)
most subliminal (superlative)

PIE word
 *upó
The adjective is derived from sub- (prefix meaning ‘beneath, under’) + liminal (“of or pertaining to an entrance or threshold”) (from Latin līminālis, from līmen (“doorstep, threshold; doorway, entrance; beginning, commencement”) (possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *Heh₃l- (“to bend, bow; elbow”)) + *-mn̥ (suffix forming action nouns or result nouns from verbs)) + -ālis (suffix forming adjectives of relationship from nouns)). The English word is borrowed from German subliminal, or a calque of German unterschwellig (“subliminal”, literally “beneath the threshold”).
The noun is derived from the adjective.

calque

(physiology) Of a stimulus: below the limen or threshold of conscious perception, especially if still able to produce a response; also (generally), below the threshold where a response can be produced.

subliminal

of a stimulus: below the limen or threshold of conscious perception, especially if still able to produce a response; also, below the threshold where a response can be produced


subliminal

(physiology) Chiefly preceded by the: something which is below the limen or threshold of conscious perception.

閾下

something below the limen or threshold of conscious perception


extraction

en-noun

extraction (countable and uncountable, plural extractions)

From Old French estraction, from Medieval Latin extractio.

(dentistry) A removal of a tooth from its socket.


catarrh

catarrh (countable and uncountable, plural catarrhs)

From Middle English catarre, from Medieval Latin catarrus, from Late Latin catarrhus, from Ancient Greek κατάρροος (katárrhoos), which is derived from καταρρέω (katarrhéō, “I flow down”), which is composed of κατά (katá, “down”) and ῥέω (rhéō, “I flow”).

And then as to your ſcurvys, and gouts, rheumatiſms, conſumptions, coughs and catarrhs, tar-vvater and turpentine vvill make you as ſound as a roach.

1763 June 20 (first performance), Samuel Foote, The Mayor of Garret. A Comedy, […], London: […] P[aul] Vaillant, […], published 1764, →OCLC, Act I, scene i, page 4:

Jonah mixed him a pitch-like potion of gin and molasses, which he swore was a sovereign cure for all colds and catarrhs whatsoever […]

1851 November 14, Herman Melville, chapter III, in Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers; London: Richard Bentley, →OCLC:

"Where I went wrong," he said, still speaking in that low, husky voice as if he had been a ghost suffering from catarrh, "was in getting engaged to Phyllis Mills."

1960, P[elham] G[renville] Wodehouse, chapter XII, in Jeeves in the Offing, London: Herbert Jenkins, →OCLC:

en:inflammation of any mucosa
en:inflammation of airway mucosa

(medicine) Inflammation of a mucous membrane.

Especially, that of the nose and throat.

He coughed violently and spit out the catarrh irritating his throat.

The discharge (fluid) associated with this condition.

en:inflammation of any mucosa
en:cold or coldlike disease entity

(loosely, metonymically) Rhinitis or rhinosinusitis; cold or coldlike illness; common cold.


bite wing

(dentistry) A holder for X-ray film, in which the film is held in place by a small tab on which the patient bites.


catatonic

en-adj

catatonic (comparative more catatonic, superlative most catatonic)

more catatonic (comparative)
most catatonic (superlative)

However, he was looking a lot more catatonic and depressed before and sometimes we find that on the anti-depressants you remove the depression and uncover the paranoid stuff and we may have to give him larger quantities of tranquilizers just to tone this down.

1967, unnamed doctor in 1967, Frederick Wiseman (director), Titicut Follies (documentary film), quoted in 2004, Jerrold R. Brandell (editor), Celluloid Couches, Cinematic Clients, page 118

It was plausible that Cara became more catatonic in order to avoid a painful and overwhelming confrontation with terrifying but repressed memories of child abuse.

2006, David H. Brendel, Healing Psychiatry, page 119:

(medicine) Of, relating to, or suffering from catatonia; having a tendency to remain in a rigid state of stupor for long periods which give way to short periods of extreme agitation.

katatonický

of, relating to, or suffering from catatonia


catatonic

An inspection of Table IV shows that the catatonics have the lowest mean reversal score of all the groups.

1953, Canadian Journal of Psychology: Revue Canadienne de Psychologie, volume 7, page 120:

I thought of children released from school; I thought of spring-awakenings after winter-sleeps; I thought of the Sleeping Beauty; and I also thought, with some foreboding, of catatonics, suddenly frenzied.

1973, Oliver Sacks, Awakenings, unnumbered page:

All outward signs suggest that catatonics have ceased being subjects by virtue of having transformed themselves into veritable objects.

1991, Dean Turner, Escape from God: The Use of Religion and Philosophy to Evade Responsibility, page 92:

(medicine) A patient in a state of catatonia.


ketamine

en-noun

ketamine (countable and uncountable, plural ketamines)

Blend of ketone + amine. First use appears c. 1966.

He was riding high that night, with a brick of Wage's ketamine on its way to Yokohama and the money already in his pocket.

1984, William Gibson, Neuromancer (Sprawl; book 1), New York, N.Y.: Ace Books, →ISBN, page 8:

(pharmacology) A synthetic compound used as an anesthetic and analgesic drug and also (illicitly) as a hallucinogen.


synaesthesia

synaesthesia (countable and uncountable, plural synaesthesiae or synaesthesias)

synaesthesiae (plural)
synaesthesias (plural)

/ˌsɪn.ɪsˈθiː.ʒə/

From Ancient Greek σύν (sún, “with”) + αἴσθησις (aísthēsis, “sensation”), modelled after anaesthesia. It is analysable as syn- + -aesthesia.

M. [Théodore] Flournoy includes all the phenomena of "Colored Hearing" and of "Mental Forms" under the convenient and adequate name Synæsthesia—in place of which, to be sure, he himself usually employs the less defensible term Synopsie. […] The phenomena of synæsthesia are divided into three main groups: "photisms," among which are included, as by [Eugen] Bleuler and Lehmann, all the varieties of pseudo-chromesthesia; "Schemes," comprising not only "forms" (diagrammes) associated with series of words or numbers, but "symbols," or particular figures associated with single letters, numerals, colors and the like; and "personifications," in which the associated factor is no mere color or form, but has become richer and more concrete.

1893 July, Mary Whiton Calkins, “De Phénomènes de Synopsie. Par Th. Flournoy. Paris, Alean, 1893. [book review]”, in G[ranville] Stanley Hall, editor, The American Journal of Psychology, volume V, number 4, Worcester, Mass.: J. H. Orpha, publisher, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 550:

Probably in all of us, though in some men much more distinctly than in others, there exist certain synæsthesiæ or concomitances of sense-impression, which are at any rate not dependent on any recognisable link of association.

1903, Frederic W[illiam] H[enry] Myers, “Sensory Automatism”, in Human Personality and Its Survival of Bodily Death … In Two Volumes, volume I, London, New York, N.Y.: Longmans, Green, and Co., […], →OCLC, paragraph 603, page 224:

[…] R. H. Gault's case of synesthesia in a deaf and blind girl, who could distinguish colors by the sense of smell, […]

1926 July, Paul Campbell Young, “An Experimental Study of Mental and Physical Functions in the Normal and Hypnotic States: Additional Results”, in Margaret F[loy] Washburn, Karl M. Dallenbach, [Isaac] Madison Bentley, Edward G. Boring, editors, The American Journal of Psychology, volume XXXVII, Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University, →ISSN, →OCLC, footnote 6, page 346:

Now just as normal perceptions in terms of sense organs different from those stimulated can be interpreted through common past experiences, so it is likely that synæsthesias may be partly explicable in terms of individual experiences.

1945, Julian Blackburn, “Introduction”, in Psychology and the Social Pattern (International Library of Sociology and Social Reconstruction; 251), London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co., →OCLC; republished London: Routledge, 2013, →ISBN:

Into her darkness, a churning synaesthesia, where her pain was the taste of old iron, scent of melon, wings of a moth brushing her cheek.

1984, William Gibson, chapter 18, in Neuromancer (Sprawl; book 1), New York, N.Y.: Ace Books, →ISBN, page 221:

For example, I myself have a type of synaesthesia: The sounds of musical instruments will sometimes make me see colors, about a yard in front of me, each color specific and consistent with the particular instrument playing.

2002, Sean A. Day, “What Synaesthesia Is (and Is Not)”, in Paul Mc Kevitt, Seán Ó Nualláin, Conn Mulvihill, editors, Language, Vision and Music: Selected Papers from the 8th International Workshop on the Cognitive Science of Natural Language Processing, Galway, Ireland 1999 (Advances in Consciousness Research; 35), Amsterdam, Philadelphia, Pa.: John Benjamins Publishing Company, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 171:

Colour is the most commonly induced synaesthetic percept and it can be invoked not only by auditory stimuli, but also by smells, tastes and touch sensations[…]. Other synaesthesiae include musical taste and smell, visual smell, perceptions of shaped or auditory pain, and polymodal synaesthesiae.

2003, Marina Rakova, “Across Sensory Modalities”, in The Extent of the Literal: Metaphor, Polysemy and Theories of Concepts, Basingstoke, Hampshire, New York, N.Y.: Palgrave Macmillan, →DOI, →ISBN, section 4.2 (Seeing Sounds and Tasting Shapes), page 52:

For me Saturday was a bright red color, just as the other days of the week were chromatically coded. […] This wasn't the true synæsthesia which is such a fascinating mystical hint, a loose thread in the fabric of perception left a-dangle, an unravelling which suggests that we could dissolve all our unreal categories.

2008, Adam Mars-Jones, “Permission to Die”, in Pilcrow: Novel, London: Faber and Faber, →ISBN; 1st paperback edition, London, 2009, →ISBN, page 231:

Synaesthesia can occur particularly powerfully during mescalin and LSD intoxication, and is often given mystical significance.

2009, Graham Richards, Psychology: The Key Concepts (Key Concepts), London, New York, N.Y.: Routledge, →ISBN, page 244:

[S]ynesthetes themselves can provide the indispensable cues to design a structured qualitative questionnaire: color synesthesias and their variations during sexual arousal, direct physical stimulation, and orgasm […] can help scientists differentiate the specific triggers and their characteristics.

2018 April, Helena Melero, “From Pain to Pleasure: A Neuroscientific Approach to Pain-color and Orgasm-color Synesthesias”, in M[ari]a José de Córdoba Serrano, Julia López de la Torre Lucha, Timothy B. Leiden, editors, Actas del ‘VI Congreso Internacional de Sinestesia, Ciencia y Arte + Actividades Paralelas 2018’: Alcalá la Real, Jaén (España), Granada, Spain: Fundació Internacional Artecittà, →ISBN, page 4, column 1:

(neurology, psychology) A neurological or psychological phenomenon whereby a particular sensory stimulus triggers a second kind of sensation.


arcus

Borrowed from Latin arcus. Doublet of arc and arco. Distantly related to arrow.

(medicine) A white band of cholesterol that forms at the edge of the cornea

arco

a white band of cholesterol that forms at the edge of the cornea


off label

The use of colchicine for gout is FDA approved, whereas the use of colchicine for pericarditis is off label (but is widely respected).

Off label use of colchicine for pericarditis is widely respected.

Use of a strong opioid such as fentanyl for mild headache is not only off label but also unprofessional.

(medicine, of a prescription medication) Outside of regulatorily approved indications, but (unless otherwise specified) within the bounds of reasonable use as defined by a licensed prescriber.

hors indication

outside of regulatorily approved indications


off label

While the drug is approved for use in treating stomach cancer, many doctors prescribe it off label for other cancers as well.


trapdoor

en-verb

trapdoor (third-person singular simple present trapdoors, present participle trapdooring, simple past and past participle trapdoored)

trapdoors (present singular third-person)
trapdooring (participle present)
trapdoored (participle past)
trapdoored (past)

(surgery, intransitive) To form a trapdoor deformity.


didactic

en-adj

didactic (comparative more didactic, superlative most didactic)

more didactic (comparative)
most didactic (superlative)

From French didactique, from Ancient Greek διδακτικός (didaktikós, “skilled in teaching”), from διδακτός (didaktós, “taught, learnt”), from διδάσκω (didáskō, “I teach, educate”). By surface analysis, didact + -ic.

derived

(medicine) Teaching from textbooks rather than laboratory demonstration and clinical application.

didàctic

teaching from textbooks rather than laboratory demonstration and application


competent

en-adj

competent (comparative more competent, superlative most competent)

more competent (comparative)
most competent (superlative)

From Middle English competent, conpetent, from Old French competent (modern French compétent), from Latin competens, competentem, present participle of competō (“coincide, be equal to, be capable of”). Compare Dutch competent (“competent”), German kompetent (“competent”), Danish kompetent (“competent”).

a competent sphincter;   a competent cervix;   a competent immune system

(biology, medicine, of an organ, tissue, or system) Functionally in order; functioning adequately.


heterotypic

(genetics) Relating to the first nuclear division in meiosis.


manipulate

en-verb

manipulate (third-person singular simple present manipulates, present participle manipulating, simple past and past participle manipulated)

manipulates (present singular third-person)
manipulating (participle present)
manipulated (participle past)
manipulated (past)

(transitive, medicine) To handle and move a body part, either as an examination or for a therapeutic purpose


patellar ligament

en-noun

patellar ligament (plural patellar ligaments)

(anatomy) a ligament joining the patella to the tibia


bilirubinuria

bilirubinuria (usually uncountable, plural bilirubinurias)

(medicine) the presence of bilirubin in the urine; often a symptom of liver disease


liver function test

liver function test (plural liver function tests)

alanine transaminase
alanine transaminase

alkaline phosphatase
alkaline phosphatase

(medicine) any of several biochemical blood assays designed to give information on the state of a patient's liver; include total protein, albumin, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin


polymerase chain reaction

polymerase chain reaction (plural polymerase chain reactions)

genetic fingerprinting
genetic fingerprinting

(genetics, molecular biology, organic chemistry) A technique in molecular biology for creating multiple copies of DNA from a sample; used in genetic fingerprinting etc.

ポリメラーゼ連鎖反応

ポリメラーゼれんさはんのう


insectophobia

Remembering her insectophobia I did not point out the amazing line of ants ferrying leaves up the wall.

(pathology) An abnormal fear of insects.


tela

Learned borrowing from Latin tēla (“web”). Doublet of toile.

lbor

(anatomy) A thin, web-like structure or membrane.


morbilliform

From Medieval Latin morbillus (“measles”) + -form. See morbilli for more.

(medicine, of a rash) Resembling the erythematous, maculopapular rash of measles.


blood test

HIV-positive persons may test falsely on the standard syphilis blood tests because they may not be able to mount the "normal" immunological response required of such tests.

1988 April 16, Mike Smith, “AIDS and Syphilis”, in Gay Community News, page 5:

(medicine, hematology) A laboratory analysis performed on a blood sample that is usually extracted from a vein in the arm using a hypodermic needle, or by fingerprick.

تَحْلِيل الدَّمّ

a serologic analysis of a sample of blood

(law, genetics) An analysis of blood performed on two subjects to determine whether they are biologically related, such as a paternity test.


water birth

(obstetrics) A form of childbirth in which the mother is supported in a birthing pool so that the child is delivered into the warm water.


culminate

Recorded since 1647, from Medieval Latin culminatus, the past participle of culminare (“to crown”), from Latin culmen (“peak, the highest point”), older form columen (“top, summit”), from Proto-Italic *kolamen, from a Proto-Indo-European base *kol-, *kelH- (“to project, rise; peak, summit, top”), whence also English hill and holm.


converter

time stretch analog-to-digital converter

(medicine) A patient with a certain condition that subsequently develops into another condition.


phagocytize

en-verb

phagocytize (third-person singular simple present phagocytizes, present participle phagocytizing, simple past and past participle phagocytized)

phagocytizes (present singular third-person)
phagocytizing (participle present)
phagocytized (participle past)
phagocytized (past)

(immunology, cytology, US) To ingest (something) by phagocytosis.


TOE

en:Theory of everything
en:toe (disambiguation)

(UK, medicine) Initialism of transoesophageal echocardiogram.


antiperiodic

(medicine) preventing the regular recurrence of symptoms


antiperiodic

(medicine) A drug that prevents the regular recurrence of symptoms.

antiperiódico

a drug that prevents the regular recurrence of symptoms


antiscorbutic

en-adj

antiscorbutic (comparative more antiscorbutic, superlative most antiscorbutic)

more antiscorbutic (comparative)
most antiscorbutic (superlative)

(pharmacology) preventing or curing scurvy


antiscorbutic

(pharmacology) A medicine that prevents or cures scurvy.

antiescorbútic

a medicine that prevents or cures scurvy


antiviral

(pharmacology) Inhibiting the growth and reproduction of a virus.


APC

anaphase-promoting complex
anaphase-promoting complex#English

(cytology) Initialism of anaphase-promoting complex.

antigen-presenting cell
antigen-presenting cell#English

(immunology) Initialism of antigen-presenting cell.

(dated, pharmacology) Initialism of aspirin-phenacetin-caffeine.


motile

motile (comparative more motile, superlative most motile)

more motile (comparative)
most motile (superlative)

From Latin mōtus, perfect passive participle of moveō (“I move”) (English move).

2007 H E König et al: Veterinary Anatomy of Domestic Mammals
Visceral motility' is responsible for transporting the contents of the different organs. Thus it controls the amount of contents found in any organ at any one time. Through contraction and dilatation mechanisms, the food bolus passes through the intestinal tract, the gall bladder secretes bile, urine is excreted, semen is transported and the uterus wall contracts during birth.
This motility is also responsible for the closing of sphincters, for example at the stomach exit (pylorus) or in the bladder. The diastole and systole of the heart can be understood as the motility of the circulatory system.

(physiology) In organs: having the power to move their contents, or to change their shape or tension by writhing or contracting as required by their particular physiological functions.


emissary

From French émissaire, from Latin emissarius (“agent, scout, spy”).

(anatomy) A venous channel in the skull.


cell membrane

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-cell membrane.wav

(cytology) The semipermeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm of a cell.

selmembraan

semipermeable membrane surrounding the cytoplasm of a cell


SB

en-noun

SB (countable and uncountable, plural SBs)

(medicine) Initialism of stretcher bearer.


SSI

SSI (countable and uncountable, plural SSIs)

For example, Goal 7 “Reduce the risk of health care associated infections” stipulates, among other things, that hospitals have specific strategies in place to prevent surgical site infection (SSI), that they provide regular feedback about SSI rates to caregivers, with follow-up for 30 days, that they discontinue the use of shaving as a method of preop hair removal, etc.

2011, Darrell A. Campbell, “Patient Safety”, in Michael W. Mulholland, Gerard M. Doherty, editors, Complications in Surgery, 2nd edition, Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, →ISBN, pages 58–59:

(medicine) Initialism of surgical site infection.


decubitus

Borrowed from New Latin dēcubitus (“lying down”).

The initial recesses of the pleural cavity filled with blood effusion are declivitous; they can vary according to the decubitus, whereas, with the progressive filling of the pleural cavity, blood is invariably collected in the lateral pleural spaces over the apex of the lung (apical cap): they are very large pleural effusions, in the order of about 800-1200 cc.

2016, Mariano Scaglione, Ulrich Linsenmaier, Gerd Schueller, Emergency Radiology of the Chest and Cardiovascular System:

(medicine) The posture of someone in bed, lying down or reclining.

(pathology) Ellipsis of decubitus ulcer.


Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

Named after German neurologists Hans Gerhard Creutzfeldt (1885–1964) and Alfons Maria Jakob (1884–1931).

named-after

(pathology, neurology) A rare, progressive, fatal disease of the nervous system, characterized by dementia and loss of muscle control. It is a prion disease, apparently transmissible from animals to humans by eating infected tissue, as well as from tissue interchanges among humans (e.g. corneal transplants, blood transfusions).


CJD

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease#English

(pathology, neurology) Initialism of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.


chloroplast

/ˈklɔːɹəʊˌplæst/

(cytology) An organelle, found in the cells of green plants and in photosynthetic algae, where photosynthesis takes place, characterized by a high concentration of chlorophyll and two membranes.


plectrum

Borrowed from Latin plēctrum, from Ancient Greek πλῆκτρον (plêktron, “anything to strike with, an instrument for striking the lyre, a spear point”), from πλήσσειν (plḗssein, “to strike, to smite, to sting”).

uder

(anatomy, zoology) A projection of bone or other stiff tissue, such as the ridges in some insects' stridulatory organs.


cold sore

Compound of cold + sore, probably for the tendency of the vesicles to recur along with other illness, or possibly during cold weather, though this explanation is less common. Compare synonym fever blister.

(pathology) A small bump (namely a vesicle) on the lips resulting from infection by herpes simplex viruses (mostly HHV1 but also HHV2).


sex organ

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-sex organ.wav

(anatomy) An organ used in sexual reproduction or sexual stimulation.

عُضْو جِنْسِيّ

organ used in sexual reproduction — see also genitalia


sigmoidoscopy

(medicine) Internal examination of the sigmoid colon


RDH

(medicine) Initialism of registered dental hygienist.


guarded

en-adj

guarded (comparative more guarded, superlative most guarded)

more guarded (comparative)
most guarded (superlative)

guarded prognosis

(medicine, often euphemistic) When the practitioner formulating the opinion does not have enough information to know, or to foretell, what the outcome may be.


ARC

en-noun

ARC (countable and uncountable, plural ARCs)

AIDS-related complex
AIDS-related complex#English

(pathology) Initialism of AIDS-related complex.


biodynamic

en-adj

biodynamic (comparative more biodynamic, superlative most biodynamic)

more biodynamic (comparative)
most biodynamic (superlative)

biologisch-dynamisch

Relating to agriculture according to anthroposophic precepts

(New Age, psychoanalysis, pseudoscience) Of, or relating to a form of psychotherapy, massage and energy healing developed by Gerda Boyesen in Norway in the 1950s.


PFC

To quote George W. Bush, within the frontal cortex, it's the PFC that is “the decider.”

2017, Robert Sapolsky, chapter 2, in Behave, Penguin, →ISBN:

prefrontal cortex
prefrontal cortex#English

(neuroanatomy) Initialism of prefrontal cortex.


fulminant

Borrowed from French fulminant, from Latin fulminō (“strike like lightning”).

Fulminant hepatitis seems to be more common in females than in males (11).[…]In contrast to common belief, Chalmers (17) has shown that physical exercise during infectious hepatitis does not increase the risk of a fulminant course of disease.

1983, Friedrich Deinhardt, Jean Deinhardt, editors, Viral Hepatitis: Laboratory and Clinical Science, Marcel Dekker, page 296:

When his liver function was measured, an acute, fulminant hepatitis was discovered.

2010, Siddhartha Mukherjee, The Emperor of All Maladies, Fourth Estate (2011), page 280:

(especially medicine) Appearing quickly and with destructive effects.


electroencephalography

en-noun

electroencephalography (countable and uncountable, plural electroencephalographies)

(neurology) The measurement and recording of electrical activity in the brain for diagnostic purposes.

electroencefalograma

measurement of electrical activity in medicine


neuritis

neuritis (countable and uncountable, plural neuritides or neuritises)

Optic neuritis (or retrobulbar neuritis) is the inflammation of the optic nerve that may cause a complete or partial loss of vision.

(neurology, pathology) Inflammation of one or more nerves.


shocked

en-adj

shocked (comparative more shocked, superlative most shocked)

more shocked (comparative)
most shocked (superlative)

The patient is shocked.


kinesthesia

en-noun

kinesthesia (countable and uncountable, plural kinesthesias)

/ˌkɪnɪsˈθiʒə/

/ˌkaɪnɪsˈθiʒə/

From kine- + -esthesia. Compare kinesthesis and Greek κιναισθησία (kinaisthisía).
Notes
If this word were borrowed on fully traditional principles it would be cinesthesia (or cinaesthesia); compare cinema from the same root. But more often this Greek root is spelled and pronounced with a k, and in the case of kinesthesia this avoids inconvenient homophony with synaesthesia, the sensation of one type of perception as another (e.g. the perception of smells as colors). Nevertheless the words are still occasionally confused; e.g. http://books.google.com/books?ie=UTF-8&vid=ISBN0849303710&id=_u4sZjHHwCYC&pg=PA581&lpg=PA581&dq=cinesthesia&sig=gFEo5BGoW75XcUVTk44aHGKgGuc.

(physiology) The perception of the movement of one's own body, its limbs and muscles etc.


molecular biology

(genetics) the branch of biology that studies the manipulation of genetic sequence of DNA

(genetics) the technology of gene manipulation


molecular biologist

molecular biologist (plural molecular biologists)

(biochemistry, genetics) a scientist who specializes in molecular biology


molecular knife

molecular knife (plural molecular knives)

(cytology, molecular biology) An enzyme capable of removing specific genes from a sequence of DNA, especially to disable the replication of a virus.


molecular medicine

(medicine, genetics) the branch of medicine that studies the manipulation of genes, and the subsequent effect on genetic diseases


pronate

en-verb

pronate (third-person singular simple present pronates, present participle pronating, simple past and past participle pronated)

pronates (present singular third-person)
pronating (participle present)
pronated (participle past)
pronated (past)

supinate

antonym(s) of “to rotate the forearm in a particular direction”

supinate

antonym(s) of “to twist the foot in a particular direction”

From Latin prōnatus, past participle of prōnare (“to bend forward”). See prone.

(transitive, anatomy) To turn or rotate one’s hand and forearm so that the palm faces down if the forearm is horizontal, back if the arm is pointing down, or forward if the forearm is pointing up; to twist the right forearm counterclockwise or the left forearm clockwise.

(transitive, anatomy) To twist the foot so that if walking the weight would be borne on the inner edge of the foot.

(intransitive, anatomy) To become pronated.


anesthesia

en-noun

anesthesia (countable and uncountable, plural anesthesias)

/ˌæn.əsˈθi.ʒə/

Sense of “insensibility” attested since 1679, from New Latin anaesthēsia, from Ancient Greek ἀναισθησία (anaisthēsía, “without sensation”), from ἀν- (an-, “not”) and αἴσθησις (aísthēsis, “sensation”). By surface analysis, an- + -esthesia.
Sense of “state induced by an agent” attested since 1846.

der

Coordinate term: analgesia

In addition, 0.5 ml of 1% lidocaine HCl was injected subcutaneously in the postauricular area for local anesthesia.

2015 August 27, “Intracochlear Bleeding Enhances Cochlear Fibrosis and Ossification: An Animal Study”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(medicine, American spelling, Canadian spelling) An artificial method of preventing sensation, used to eliminate pain without causing loss of vital functions, by the administration of one or more agents which block pain impulses before transmitted to the brain.


salpingitis

en-noun

salpingitis (countable and uncountable, plural salpingitises or salpingitides)

salpingitises (plural)
salpingitides (plural)

(pathology) Inflammation of the Fallopian tube or the Eustachian tube as a result of infection.


stop codon

(biology, genetics, biochemistry) a sequence of three RNA nucleotides (A, C, G or U) that instruct the synthesis, or translation, of a protein to stop. The three-letter stop codon sequences have been given names: "UAG" is amber, "UGA" is opal, and "UAA" is ochre.

lopetuskodoni

codon that instructs protein synthesis to stop


come to a head

en-verb

come to a head (third-person singular simple present comes to a head, present participle coming to a head, simple past came to a head, past participle come to a head)

comes to a head (present singular third-person)
coming to a head (participle present)
came to a head (past)
come to a head (participle past)

(medicine, of an abscess) To reach its final stage.