eurythmy

en-noun

eurythmy (countable and uncountable, plural eurythmies)

From Ancient Greek εὐρυθμία (euruthmía, “rhythmical order”), from εὖ (eû, “well”) + ῥυθμός (rhuthmós, “symmetry”).

uder

(medicine) Healthy, normal beating of the pulse; eurhythmia.


eupnea

(medicine) Normal, relaxed breathing; healthy condition of inhalation and exhalation.


otic

Mid 17th century borrowed from Ancient Greek ὠτῐκός (ōtĭkós, “of or for the ear”), from οὖς (oûs, “ear”) + -ῐκός (-ĭkós, “-ic”, adjectival suffix).

af

Otic preparations are used to treat infections of the ear canal.

(anatomy) Of, relating/pertaining to, or located near the ear.


eucaine

en-noun

eucaine (countable and uncountable, plural eucaines)

From German Eukain; comparable to eu- + -caine.

(pharmacology) A derivative of cocaine used as a local anesthetic in veterinary medicine.


polymorphism

polymorphism (countable and uncountable, plural polymorphisms)

պոլիմորֆիզմ

computer science: feature of object-oriented programming

polimorfisme

crystallography: ability of a material to exist in more than one form

Since 1990 they have found an entirely new role: they promise understanding of how and why our genes are all so different. They hold the key to human polymorphism.

1999, Matt Ridley, Genome, Harper Perennial, published 2004, page 137:

Some polymorphisms can be quite stable – so stable that they span the change from an ancestral to a descendant species.

2004, Richard Dawkins, The Ancestor's Tale, Phoenix, published 2005, page 63:

(genetics) The regular existence of two or more different genotypes within a given species or population; also, variability of amino acid sequences within a gene's protein.

polimorfisme

genetics: regular existence of two or more different genotypes within a given species or population


frontal bone

The face which emerged was not reassuring. It was blunt and grey, the nose springing thick and flat from high on the frontal bone of the forehead, whilst his eyes were narrow slits of dark in a tight bandage of tissue.[…].

1963, Margery Allingham, chapter 17, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC:

(anatomy) The bone which forms the front part of the skull and the upper part of the eye sockets and nasal cavity.

(anatomy) Either of the pair of bones from which the frontal bone is formed by fusion in infancy.


parietal bone

From Latin parietalis (“pertaining to walls”), from paries (“wall”) + bone.

uder

(anatomy) Either of two bones that together form the sides and top of the skull.

os parietal

either of two bones at the sides and top of the skull


zygoma

From Ancient Greek ζύγωμα (zúgōma), from ζυγόν (zugón, “yoke”).


blight

en-noun

blight (countable and uncountable, plural blights)

The etymology of the noun is uncertain; suggested derivations include the following:
* possibly related to Middle English blichening (“mildew or rust on grain, blight”), possibly related to Middle English bliken (“to gleam, shine; to turn pale”), from Old English blīcan (“to shine, sparkle”) (whence modern English blike (“(obsolete) to gleam, shine”); also compare Old Norse blikna (“to grow pallid”)), from Proto-West Germanic *blīkan (“to shine”), from Proto-Germanic *blīkaną (“to gleam, shine”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰleyǵ- (“to shine”); or
* since sense 2.2 is a diseased condition of the skin, possibly from Middle English *bleighte, *bleȝte, from Old English blǣcþa (“leprosy”) (related to blǣċe (“an itching skin-disease”) and blǣċo (“leprosy; paleness”)), ultimately from Proto-Germanic *blaikaz (“pale; white”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰleyǵ- (“to shine”). If so, the word is a doublet of bleak.
The verb is derived from the noun.

cog

Proceed, inhuman Parent in thy Scorn; / Root up my Trees, vvith Blites deſtroy my Corn; / My Vineyards Ruin, and my Sheepfolds burn.

1697, Virgil, “The Fourth Book of the Georgics”, in John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC, page 136, lines 467–469:

As ſudden blights corrupt the ripen'd grain, / And of its verdure ſpoil the mournful plain; / So hapleſs love on blooming features preys, / So hapleſs love deſtroys our peaceful days.

1720, John Gay, “[Miscellanies.] Panthea. An Elegy.”, in Poems on Several Occasions, volume II, London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], and Bernard Lintot, […], →OCLC, page 388, lines 337–340:

Some there are vvho imagine the moſt deſtructive Blights vvhich attend Fruit-Trees, are produc'd by ſmall Shovvers of Rain, or vvhite Hoar-Froſts falling upon the Bloſſoms of Fruit-trees, vvhich being ſucceeded by cold North or Eaſterly VVinds, or froſty Mornings, are the Occaſion of the frequent Blights vvhich happen in the Spring Seaſon: […]

1733, Philip Miller, “BLIGHTS”, in The Gardeners Dictionary: […], 2nd edition, volume I, London: […] C[harles] Rivington, […], →OCLC, column 1:

A blight in 1855–56 set back the industry, many plantations being ruined and then given over to sugar cane. After the blight had disappeared, the plantations were re-established, and prosperity continued for years.

1922, William H[arrison] Ukers, “Cultivation of the Coffee Plant”, in All About Coffee, New York, N.Y.: The Tea and Coffee Trade Journal Company, →OCLC, page 241, column 1:

A diseased condition suffered by a plant; specifically, a complete and rapid chlorosis, browning, then death of plant tissues such as floral organs, leaves, branches, or twigs, especially one caused by a fungus; a mildew, a rust, a smut.

главня

type of diseased condition of a plant — see also mildew, rust, smut

The cause of such a condition, often unseen but believed to be airborne; specifically, a bacterium, a virus, or (especially) a fungus; also, an aphid which attacks fruit trees.

(pathology, dated) A diseased condition of the face or skin; specifically, bleeding under the conjunctiva of the eye, a form of skin rash, or a palsy of the face due to cold.


blight

en-verb

blight (third-person singular simple present blights, present participle blighting, simple past and past participle blighted)

blights (present singular third-person)
blighting (participle present)
blighted (participle past)
blighted (past)
blight (infinitive)

But if it happens, as ſometimes it does, that this Vapour bears up along vvith it any noxious mineral Steams, it then blasts Vegetables, eſpecially thoſe vvhich are more young and tender: blights Corn and Fruits: and is ſometimes injurious even to Men vvho chance to be then abroad in the Fields.

1695, John Woodward, “Part IV. Of the Origin and Formation of Metalls and Minerals.”, in An Essay toward a Natural History of the Earth: And Terrestrial Bodies, Especially Minerals: […], London: […] Ric[hard] Wilkin […], →OCLC, pages 212–213:

In your eye there is death, / There is frost on your breath / Which would blight the plants.

1830 June, Alfred Tennyson, “The Poet’s Mind”, in Poems. […], volume I, London: Edward Moxon, […], published 1842, →OCLC, page 51:

Oh, Love! like the blast of the desert thou blightest / The fairest of flowers with thy venomous breath.

1840 August, “The Talisman”, in The Citizen; a Monthly Journal of Politics, Literature, and Art, volume II, number X, Dublin: Machen and Company, […]; London: Simpkin and Marshall, and Richard Groombridge, →OCLC, stanza IV, page 157:

Much is permitted to the power of spirits, so that, being unseen and unperceived, they appear rather in their effects than in their acts: as when some lurking evil in the air blighteth the fruit or grain in the blossom, killeth it in the blade, woundeth it in its full growth, and when the atmosphere tainted in some secret way poureth over the earth its pestilential vapours.

1842, Tertullian, “The Book of Apology against the Heathen”, in C[harles] Dodgson, transl., edited by E[dward] B[ouverie] P[usey], Tertullian (A Library of Fathers of the Holy Catholic Church, […]; 10), volume I (Apologetic and Practical Treatises), Oxford, Oxfordshire: John Henry Parker; London: J. G. F. and J. Rivington, →OCLC, pages 54–55:

(phytopathology) To affect the fertility or growth of (a plant) with a blight (noun sense 1.1), especially one caused by a fungus; to blast, to mildew, to smut.

antaa ruostetauti

to affect the fertility or growth of (a plant) with a blight

[B]lighted be the tongue / That names thy name without the honour due!

1811, Walter Scott, The Vision of Don Roderick; a Poem, Edinburgh: […] James Ballantyne and Co. for John Ballantyne and Co. […]; London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, →OCLC, stanza LI, page 47:

(by extension, pathology, dated) To affect (a body part) with a disease.


entrain

entrain (third-person singular simple present entrains, present participle entraining, simple past and past participle entrained)

entrains (present singular third-person)
entraining (participle present)
entrained (participle past)
entrained (past)

First attested in c. 1560. From French entraîner.

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-entrain.wav

There are several neurofeedback-related approaches that make use of auditory and/or visual stimulation (AVS) to entrain or disentrain brain electrical activity.

2007, James R. Evans, Handbook of Neurofeedback: Dynamics and Clinical Applications, →ISBN:

Hence, interestingly, a speaker (VR) might disentrain in no-frequency but entrain in the frequency of a particular discourse function; we also have a speaker with the opposite pattern (DF).

2013, Simone Bassis, Anna Esposito, Francesco Carlo Morabito, Recent Advances of Neural Network Models and Applications, →ISBN:

(neurobiology) To become trained or conditioned in a pattern of brain behavior.


maxilla

en-noun

maxilla (plural maxillae or (obsolete) maxillæ or maxillas)

maxillae (plural)
maxillæ (obsolete plural)
maxillas (plural)

From Middle English, from Latin māxilla (“the jawbone, jaw”), diminutive of māla (“the cheekbone, jaw”).

Coordinate term: mandible

An upper jaw especially of humans and other mammals in which the bony elements are closely fused.

(anatomy) Either of the two bones that lie with one on each side of the upper jaw lateral to the premaxilla and that in higher vertebrates bear most of the teeth.


breastbone

From Middle English brust-bon, brestbon, from Old English brēostbān (“breastbone”), equivalent to breast + bone.

He lapped out of his hand, then sat up in the sunlight, crossing his shins in front of him, and after a time let his woolly head fall on his breastbone.

1899 (please specify the page), Joseph Conrad, “The Heart of Darkness”, in Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine, volume CLXV, New York, N.Y.: The Leonard Scott Publishing Company, […], →OCLC, part:

(anatomy) The central narrow bone in the front of the chest, connecting the collarbone and the top ribs.

borsbeen

the central narrow bone in the front of the chest

છાતીનું હાડકું

chātīnũ hāḍkũ


sternum

Borrowed from New Latin sternum, related to Old English steorn (“forehead”), German Stirn (“forehead”).

The neckline fell into a V, showing the bone of his sternum.

2020, Akwaeke Emezi, The Death of Vivek Oji, Faber & Faber, page 231:

(anatomy) The breastbone, consisting of the manubrium, gladiolus, and xiphoid process.


complementary

en-adj

complementary (comparative more complementary, superlative most complementary)

more complementary (comparative)
most complementary (superlative)

From complement + -ary. Piecewise doublet of complimentary.

(genetics) Of the specific pairings of the bases in DNA and RNA.


coccyx

From Latin coccyx, from Ancient Greek κόκκυξ (kókkux, “cuckoo”), referring to the curved shape of a cuckoo's beak when viewed from the side.

He lands on the concrete path and bounces on his coccyx, which cracks the base of his spine.

2018, Richard Powers, The Overstory, Vintage (2019), page 129:

An actor herself, McAlpine was hands-on, demonstrating “how you penetrate” on screen: “If you can move your coccyx, just arch your back slightly, it looks fantastic,” she says happily. “Those orgy scenes were amazing.”

2024 January 30, Elle Hunt, “‘With orgasm people strive for oblivion’: Poor Things’ intimacy coordinator on consent, orgies and Emma Stone”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:

(medicine, formal) The final (bottom-most) fused vertebrae at the base of the spine, the tailbone.


pelvis

From Latin pēlvis (“basin”), from Old Latin pēluis (“basin”), further etymology uncertain.

Meronyms: hip bone, os coxae; sacrum; coccyx

(anatomy) The large compound bone structure at the base of the spine that supports the legs in hominids.

renal pelvis

(anatomy) A funnel-shaped cavity, especially such a cavity in the kidney into which urine passes towards the ureter.


hipbone

(anatomy) Alternative spelling of hip bone


centripetal

From New Latin centripetālis coined by Sir Isaac Newton, from Latin centrum (“center”) + petō (“to seek, aim”) + -al. Analysable as centri- + -petal.

central nervous system
central nervous system

(neuroanatomy, of a nerve impulse) Directed towards the central nervous system; afferent.

կենտրոնաձիգ

directed towards the central nervous system


retinoic acid

(organic chemistry, pharmacology, biochemistry) A derivative of vitamin A, used in the treatment of acne; it is essential for bone and tissue development.


color blindness

en-noun

color blindness (countable and uncountable, plural color blindnesses)

color blind + -ness or color + blindness

(medicine, ophthalmology) Any of several medical conditions in which the physical ability to see colors is impaired, especially achromatopsia, Daltonism.

عمى الألوان

condition in which the ability to see colors is impaired


Daltonism

Named for the English chemist John Dalton (1766–1844), who had the condition and did early research into it, + -ism.

A person with Daltonism may be said to lack a discriminatory power that others have: his perceptions of red and green are, as such, not to be relied on.

2002, Richard Davies, Descartes: Belief, Scepticism and Virtue, page 25:

The Ishihara plates were developed for the assessment of congenital colour anomalies (Daltonism) and so there is considerable detail in the testing that is not relevant to optic nerve disease where the losses do not follow the specific patterns seen in Daltonism but show largely global losses.

2011, Gordon Plant, James Acheson, Charles Clarke, Elizabeth Graham, Robin Howard, Simon Shorvon, “13: Neuro-Ophthalmology”, in Charles Clarke, Robin Howard, Martin Rossor, Simon D. Shorvon, editors, Neurology: A Queen Square Textbook, unnumbered page:

The concern of Kosmetatos was not how affected individuals would manage to organize their lives taking the effects of Daltonism as given; rather, using the specific case of Daltonism, he suggested the bureaucratization and surveillance of humans by recording their health condition over long periods.

2013, Sevasti Trubeta, Physical Anthropology, Race and Eugenics in Greece (1880s–1970s), page 109:

(medicine, pathology) Inability or defective ability to perceive or distinguish certain colors, especially red-green color blindness.

color blindness

inability or defective ability to perceive or distinguish certain colors

achromatism

inability or defective ability to perceive color


homozygote

/ˌhəʊməʊˈzaɪɡəʊt/

From homo- + zygote. Coined by English biologists William Bateson and Edith Rebecca Saunders in 1902, in a paper titled "The facts of heredity in the light of Mendel’s discovery".

coin

(genetics) A diploid individual that has equal alleles at one or more genetic loci.

homozigot

a diploid individual that has equal alleles at one or more genetic loci


claudication

en-noun

claudication (countable and uncountable, plural claudications)

Borrowed from Latin claudicātiō (“limping”, noun), from claudicō (“to limp, halt, be lame”) + -ātiō (“-ation”, nominal suffix).

af

Chronic venous disease includes cosmetically undesirable telangiectasias, varicose veins, venous ulceration, and claudication.

2008, Mary E. Klingensmith, The Washington Manual of Surgery, page 327:

(medicine, countable) A condition in which temporary cramp-like pain in the calf muscles is induced by exercise, typically caused by obstruction of the arteries.


cervical vertebra

en-noun

cervical vertebra (plural cervical vertebras or cervical vertebrae)

cervical vertebras (plural)
cervical vertebrae (plural)

(anatomy) Any of the seven vertebrae of the neck.


cervical

Borrowing from French cervical, from New Latin cervīcālis, from cervīx (“the neck, nape”) + -ālis (“-al”, adjectival suffix).

af

cervical pain

(anatomy, relational) Of or pertaining to the neck.

cervical cancer

(anatomy, relational) Of or pertaining to the cervix.


cervical

cervical vertebra
cervical vertebra#English

(anatomy) Ellipsis of cervical vertebra.


phalange

Borrowed from Middle French phalange. Doublet of phalanx, planch, plancha, planche, and plank.

doublet

(anatomy) A phalanx ("one of the bones of the finger or toe").


isobutylphenyl propionic acid

en-noun

isobutylphenyl propionic acid (uncountable)

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) A substance used as an anti-inflammatory painkiller, often shortened to ibuprofen.


hyoid

Borrowing from French hyoïde, from New Latin hȳoīdēs, from Ancient Greek ῡ̔οειδής (hūoeidḗs, “shaped like the letter "υ"”), from ὖ (û, “the Greek letter upsilon”) + -ο- (-o-) + -ειδής (-eidḗs, “-like, -oid”).

af

(anatomy, zootomy, relational) Of or pertaining to the hyoid bone.


hyoid

the vulture, relinquishing its title, surely in natural justice gave me a right to this femur, this curiously distorted hyoid?


hyoid bone

(anatomy) A U-shaped bone or complex of bones that is situated between the base of the tongue and the larynx and that supports the tongue, the larynx, and their muscles.


incus

The tympanic cavity is spanned by the three smallest bones in the body: the auditory ossicles[…] These bones, named for their shape, are the malleus (malʹe-us; "hammer"); the incus (ingʹkus; "anvil"); and the stapes (staʹpēz; "stirrup").

2010, Elaine N. Marieb, Katja Hoehn, Human Anatomy & Physiology, 8th edition, page 576:

(anatomy) A small anvil-shaped bone in the middle ear.


ossicle

Late 16th century, from Latin ossiculum (“little bone, ossicle”) from os (“bone”).

uder

The incus is one of the three auditory ossicles.

(anatomy) A small bone (or bony structure), especially one of the three of the middle ear.

слухова́ кі́сточка f (sluxová kístočka, literally “auditory ossicle”)


malleus

From Latin malleus (“hammer, mallet”). Doublet of maul.

A fracture of the malleus handle is a rare traumatic middle ear lesion.

The tympanic cavity is spanned by the three smallest bones in the body: the auditory ossicles[…] These bones, named for their shape, are the malleus (malʹe-us; "hammer"); the incus (ingʹkus; "anvil"); and the stapes (staʹpēz; "stirrup"). The "handle" of the malleus is secured to the eardrum, and the base of the stapes fits into the oval window.

(anatomy) The small hammer-shaped bone of the middle ear.

hamer

the small hammer-shaped bone of the middle ear


stapes

From Medieval Latin stapēs (“stirrup”). Doublet of step.

2010, Elaine Nicpon Marieb, Katja Hoehn, Human Anatomy & Physiology, 8th edition, page 576:

(anatomy, zootomy) A small stirrup-shaped innermost ossicle of the middle ear of mammals, transmitting vibrations from the incus to the inner ear.


dementia

en-noun

dementia (usually uncountable, plural dementias or dementiae)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-dementia.wav

Similar studies of rats have employed four different intracranial resorbable, slow sustained release systems— […]. Such a slow-release device containing angiogenic factors could be placed on the pia mater covering the cerebral cortex and tested in persons with senile dementia in long term studies.

2013 May-June, Charles T. Ambrose, “Alzheimer’s Disease”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 3, page 200:

(pathology) A progressive decline in cognitive function due to damage or disease in the brain beyond what might be expected from normal aging. Areas particularly affected include memory, attention, judgement, language and problem solving.


metacarpus

(anatomy) The five bones that form the intermediate part of the hand between the fingers and the wrist.


astragalus

From Latin astragalus, from Ancient Greek ἀστράγαλος (astrágalos), q.v. Doublet of astragal.


tongue-tied

en-adj

tongue-tied (comparative more tongue-tied, superlative most tongue-tied)

more tongue-tied (comparative)
most tongue-tied (superlative)

From tongue + tied (“restricted”, adjective).

(pathology) Having tongue-tie or ankyloglossia (“a congenital oral anomaly in which the lingual frenulum (a membrane connecting the underside of the tongue to the floor of the mouth) is unusually short and thick, decreasing mobility of the tongue and affecting eating, speech, etc.”).

arero whīwhiwhi

suffering from tongue-tie or ankyloglossia


coronary heart disease

(pathology, cardiology) Any disease caused by the accumulation of fatty deposits in the coronary arteries that supply blood to the myocardium.


myocardium

en-noun

myocardium (plural myocardiums or myocardia)

From New Latin myocardium, from Ancient Greek μῦς (mûs, “muscle”) + καρδίᾱ (kardíā, “heart”).

(anatomy, cardiology) The muscular substance of the heart; the middle of the three layers forming the outer wall of the human heart.

miocardi

muscles that surround and power the heart


Ab

The first letter of each of the two syllables of antibody.


Ag

Ag (countable and uncountable, plural Ags)

Ag receptor


Aspirin

From the German trademark Aspirin, from acetylierte Spirsäure (“acetylated spiræic acid”); more at aspirin § Etymology.

acetylsalicylic acid
acetylsalicylic acid#English

(pharmacology) A marketed variety of acetylsalicylic acid.

aspirin

the genericized trademark meaning acetylsalicylic acid


B

From abbreviations of various terms beginning with or containing the letter ‘B’.
* (billion): abbreviation of billion
* (cricket): abbreviation of balls
* (bitch): abbreviation of bitch

Mind your Bs and Ts
[…] And if the combined efforts of macrophages, b cells and t cells are sufficient, the pathogen will be beaten back and eventually cleared from the body.

2020 May 2, “Leaving lockdown means understanding immune responses to the virus”, in The Economist:


Equipoise

anabolic steroid
anabolic steroid#English

boldenone undecylenate
boldenone undecylenate#English

(pharmacology) Market name for the anabolic steroid boldenone undecylenate.


Fab

fragment antigen-binding
fragment antigen-binding#English

(immunology) Abbreviation of fragment antigen-binding.


Fowler

From fowler. The medical term is named after Dr. George Ryerson Fowler, the German surgeon developer of the position.


GI tract

gastrointestinal tract
gastrointestinal tract


General

The ambulance is taking him to General.
Owerri West General Hospital or Owerri North? Obinze is still in charge of West General. If it's that one, turn it around now.

General Hospital
general hospital#English

(informal, medicine) Short for General Hospital.


P

P (countable and uncountable, plural Ps)

(medicine) A P wave on an electrocardiogram.


P

(anatomy, medicine) Abbreviation of pulmonary.


PH

PH (countable and uncountable, plural PHs)

(health, policy) Initialism of public health.


PK

PK (countable and uncountable, plural PKs)

I know a guy who had surgery done and he is now addicted to the PKs. I had a problem with a popular recreational substance about ten years ago and I'm realy not looking forward to counting that coup again. As it is now, I have a pile of PKs that the doc. gave me. I don't use them unless I can't even sit up.

1999 January 4, Kelly Potts, “Re: genetic traits”, in alt.native (Usenet):

But between the Toradol, Sudafed, Adderall, Vicodin, Percocet, and other PKs (painkillers), you didn't really need to buy street drugs. You could find the right state of mind right in the trainer's room.

2017, Sean Avery, Offside: My Life Crossing the Line, [Toronto]: Viking Press, →ISBN, page unknown:

(informal, pharmacology) Initialism of painkiller.

penetrating keratoplasty
penetrating keratoplasty#English

(medicine) Initialism of penetrating keratoplasty.


Q

Q (countable and uncountable, plural Qs)

(medicine) Alternative letter-case form of q (“every”).


Sally

A diminutive lambdacism of Sarah. Compare Hal from Harry and Moll from Mary.

(slang, drugs, Canada, US) Alternative letter-case form of sally: the crystalline or powdered form of MDA.


T

T (countable and uncountable, plural Ts)

The symmetry of the negative Ts in II, III, and avF (210) may have that significance, or it may mean coronary insufficiency in a patient with an old infarct, or may be a stable part of an old lesion.

1999, Thomas M. Blake, Annotated Atlas of Electrocardiography: A Guide to Confident Interpretation, New York, NY: Springer Science+Business Media, →ISBN, page 63:

Mind your Bs and Ts'
The other prong comes in the form of “T” lymphocytes (which mature in the thymus). These recognise and kill infected body cells.


TS

TS (countable and uncountable, plural TSs or TSes)

One mother of a TS boy with encopresis reported It came on suddenly, lasted two weeks and went away just as suddenly, almost like a tic, […]

1992, David E. Comings, Tourette syndrome and human behavior, page 247:

We report (1) […]; (2) TS boys showed thinner cortex relative to TS girls […]

2012, Basal Ganglia Diseases: Advances in Research and Treatment, →ISBN, page 237:

Tourette syndrome
Tourette syndrome#English

(neurology) Initialism of Tourette syndrome.

(pathology) Initialism of Turner syndrome.


tarsus

kitax̂

the part of the foot between the main part of the hindlimb and the metatarsus

(anatomy, zootomy) The part between the main part of the hindlimb and the metatarsus in terrestrial vertebrates.

(anatomy) A group of small bones in this part of the foot. The seven bones of the human tarsus form the ankle and upper part of the foot.

глезен

any of the seven bones in this part of the foot

On the ledge, the guillemots shuffle awkwardly about on their tarsi, the long bone connecting the ‘ankle’ to the feet.

2020, Tim Ecott, The Land of Maybe, Short Books, published 2021, page 99:

(zootomy) The shank or tarsometatarsus of the leg of a bird or reptile.

(zootomy) The true foot or the fifth joint of the leg of an insect or other arthropod, typically consisting of several small segments and ending in a claw.

(anatomy) A plate of dense connective tissue found in each eyelid, attached to either the superior tarsal muscle (in the upper eyelid) or inferior tarsal muscle (lower eyelid), which aid with sympathetic control.


tarsal

From tarsus + -al, cognate to New Latin tarsālis.

(anatomy, zootomy) Of or relating to the tarsus.

(anatomy) Being or relating to plates of dense connective tissue that serve to stiffen the eyelids.


tarsal

(anatomy, zootomy) Ellipsis of tarsal bone.


tarsal bone

(anatomy) Any of the seven bones of the tarsus.


carpus

From New Latin carpus, from Ancient Greek καρπός (karpós, “wrist”).

(anatomy) The group of bones that make up the wrist.

китка

the group of bones that make up the wrist


carpal bone

(anatomy) Any of the eight bones of the carpus or wrist.


cuneiform

From French cunéiforme or New Latin cuneifōrmis, from Classical Latin cuneus (“wedge”) + fōrma.

(anatomy) A wedge-shaped bone, especially a cuneiform bone.


cuneiform bone

(anatomy) Any one of three wedge-shaped bones of the foot.


tonga

(medicine) A drug useful in neuralgia, derived from a Fijian plant supposed to be of the aroid genus Epipremnum.


navicular bone

(anatomy) One of the tarsal bones of the foot or one of the carpal bones of the wrist.


navicular

Borrowed from Middle French naviculaire, itself borrowed from Late Latin nāviculāris (“boat shaped”), from Latin nāvicula, diminutive of nāvis (“ship”), from Proto-Indo-European *néh₂us.


scaphoid

From Latin scaphoides, from Ancient Greek σκᾰφοειδής (skăphoeidḗs, “like a bowl, hollow”), from σκᾰ́φη (skắphē, “boat, trough, bowl”).


scaphoid bone

(anatomy) One of the carpal bones of the wrist.


pt

en-noun

pt (countable and uncountable, plural pts)

General appearance—pt c/o [complains of] feeling tired much of the time

2009, Brian L. Crabtree, Victor G. Dostrow, “Major Depression”, in Terry L. Schinghammer, Julia M. Koehler, editors, Pharmacotherapy Casebook: A Patient-Focused Approach, 7th edition, McGraw Hill, →DOI, →ISBN, page 186:

(countable, medicine) Abbreviation of patient.


hs

(medicine, of a biochemical assay) Abbreviation of high-sensitivity.


lateral cuneiform bone

lateral cuneiform bone (plural lateral cuneiform bones)

(anatomy) One of the three cuneiform bones of the foot.


medial cuneiform bone

medial cuneiform bone (plural medial cuneiform bones)

(anatomy) One of the cuneiform bones of the foot.


capitate

From Latin capitatus (“having a head”), from caput (“head”).

1913 Henry Gray: Anatomy Descriptive and Applied
The capitate bone is the largest of the carpal bones, and occupies the centre of the wrist. It presents, above, a rounded portion or head, which is received into the concavity formed by the navicular and lunate; a constricted portion or neck; and below this, the body. The superior surface is round, smooth, and articulates with the lunate.

(anatomy) Having a distinct globular tip.


capitate

(anatomy) The capitate bone of the wrist.


infarction

infarction (countable and uncountable, plural infarctions)

Borrowed from Latin infarctiō, equivalent to infarct + -ion.

(pathology) The process which causes an infarct.

But we can no longer regard the mere fact of these diffuse condensations of the lung becoming yellow and caseous as an evidence of their tuberculous nature, especially since the pathological anatomists, and among them Virchow, have shown that formations of the most different kind, having not the slightest connection with tubercule— as, for example, old cancerous masses, lymphatic glands swollen by a hyperplasia of cells, hæmorrhagical infarctions, abscesses, &c.— undergo exactly the same caseous transformation.

1868, Felix von Niemeyer, J. L Parke, Clinical Lectures on Pulmonary Phthisis, Moorhead, Simpson & Bond, page 3:

Once stroke was classified by a risk factor-free method, the stronger relationship between hypertension and lacunar versus nonlacunar infarction patients disappeared.

2016 March 3, “Comparison of Risk Factor between Lacunar Stroke and Large Artery Atherosclerosis Stroke: A Cross-Sectional Study in China”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(pathology) An infarct (an area of ischemic necrosis).


zygomatic

From zygoma + -tic. Doublet of zygomaticus.

They show (1) the left orbit and zygomatic arch of President Kennedy magnified from Zapruder frame 230

1970, J. G. Ballard, The Atrocity Exhibition, page 27:

(anatomy, relational) Of, relating to, or located in the area of the zygomatic bone or zygomatic arch.


ethmoid

Borrowing from French ethmoïde, from Ancient Greek ἠθμοειδής (ēthmoeidḗs, “like a strainer, perforated”), from ἠθμός (ēthmós, “strainer, sieve”) + -ειδής (-eidḗs, “-form, -like”).

af

(anatomy) A light spongy cubical bone at the root of the nose, forming much of the walls of the nasal cavity and part of those of the orbits and having many perforations through which the olfactory nerves pass to the nose.


ethmoid

(anatomy, relational) Of or pertaining to the ethmoid bone.


scapula

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-scapula.wav

(anatomy) Either of the two large, flat, bones forming the back of the shoulder.


ischium

17th century, from Latin ischium, from Ancient Greek ἰσχίον (iskhíon, “hip joint”).

uder

And he still carried, after five or six years, and though he dressed it in a mirror night and morning, on his right ischium a running sore of traumatic origin.

1953, Samuel Beckett, Watt, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Grove Press, published 1959, →OCLC:

(anatomy) The lowest of the three bones that make up each side of the pelvis.


resilient

en-adj

resilient (comparative more resilient, superlative most resilient)

more resilient (comparative)
most resilient (superlative)

From Middle English resilient, from Old French resilient, from Latin resiliēns, present active participle of resiliō (“I leap or spring back”).

veerkragtig

able to withstand force without cracking; elastic

veerkragtig

returning quickly to normal after damaging events or conditions; psychologically or structurally tough

Returning quickly to normal after damaging events or conditions. (of systems, organisms or people)

(psychology, neuroscience) Having the ability to recover from mental illness, trauma, etc.; having resilience.


ibuprofen

en-noun

ibuprofen (countable and uncountable, plural ibuprofens)

From i(so)bu(tyl) + pro(pionic acid) + phen(yl).

af

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) A synthetic compound used widely as an analgesic and anti-inflammatory drug.


MAC

en-noun

MAC (countable and uncountable, plural MACs)

membrane attack complex
membrane attack complex#English

innate immune system
innate immune system

(immunology) Initialism of membrane attack complex, a part of the complement system of the innate immune system.

membrane attack complex

(anesthesiology) Initialism of minimum alveolar concentration.

(anesthesiology) Initialism of monitored anesthesia care.


andrology

(medicine) The branch of medicine concerned with male diseases, especially those affecting the male reproductive system.


aerophagy

(medicine) The swallowing of air, especially in hysteria.


sphenoid

From New Latin sphenoides, from Ancient Greek σφηνοειδής (sphēnoeidḗs, “wedge-shaped”), from σφήν (sphḗn, “wedge”) + -ειδής (-eidḗs, “-form, -like”).

af

(anatomy) Of or relating to the sphenoid bone which forms the base of the cranium, behind the eye and below the front part of the brain. It has two pairs of broad lateral ‘wings’ and a number of other projections, and contains two air-filled sinuses.


vomer bone

(anatomy) The small thin bone that forms part of the septum between the nostrils.


vomer

(anatomy) The vomer bone; the small thin bone that forms part of the septum between the nostrils.


innominate bone

en-noun

innominate bone (plural innominate bones)


os coxae

From Latin os (“bone”) and coxa (“hip”).


sacrum

From Latin os sacrum (“holy bone”), a calque of Ancient Greek ἱερὸν ὀστέον (hieròn ostéon). Apparently so called either because the sacrum was the part of the animal offered in sacrifice or because of a putative belief that it is where a person's soul resides. A third explanation is that the term is a translation of Ancient Greek ἱερόν (hierón), which has two meanings: “holy, sacred”, and “big” — big being a more appropriate description of the sacrum — but compare.

der

ἱερὸν ὀστέον

(anatomy) A large triangular bone at the base of the spine, located between the two ilia (wings of the pelvis) and formed from vertebrae that fuse in adulthood.


sacral vertebra

en-noun

sacral vertebra (plural sacral vertebrae)

(anatomy) Any of the five vertebra that are fused to form the sacrum.


sacral

en-adj

sacral (comparative more sacral, superlative most sacral)

more sacral (comparative)
most sacral (superlative)

From Modern Latin sacralis, from Latin sacrum (“sacred, holy”) + -alis.


shinbone

From Middle English schinboon, schineboon, from Old English sċinbān (“shin, shinbone”), from Proto-West Germanic *skinubain, from Proto-Germanic *skinōbainą, equivalent to shin + bone. Cognate with Dutch scheenbeen (“shinbone”), German Schienbein (“shinbone”), Danish skinneben (“shin, shinbone”), Swedish skenben (“shinbone”).

(anatomy) The inner and usually the larger of the two bones of the leg or hind limb below the knee

قَصَبَة

inner bone of the hind limb below the knee


lumbar vertebra

en-noun

lumbar vertebra (plural lumbar vertebrae)

(anatomy) Any of the five vertebrae in the loin or lower back region of the spine.


thoracic vertebra

thoracic vertebra (plural thoracic vertebrae or thoracic vertebras)

thoracic vertebrae (plural)
thoracic vertebras (plural)

(anatomy) Any of the twelve vertebrae in the chest region of the spine.


thoracic

From Ancient Greek θωρακικός (thōrakikós, “suffering in the chest, of the thorax”), from θώραξ (thṓrax, “thorax”).

der

Those wings were powered by massive thoracic muscles—muscles no longer needed by a flightless queen.

2016, Justin O. Schmidt, The Sting of the Wild, Johns Hopkins University Press,, →ISBN, page 106:


triquetral bone

en-noun

triquetral bone (plural triquetral bones)

(anatomy) One of the carpal bones of the wrist.


triquetrum

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-triquetrum.wav


intermediate phalange

intermediate phalange (plural intermediate phalanges)

(anatomy) Any of the phalanx bones in the middle of the fingers or toes; middle phalange


pisiform bone

(anatomy) A small knobbly, pea-shaped sesamoid bone of the wrist.


nasal bone

(anatomy, zootomy) Either of two bones of the skull of vertebrates above the fishes which lie in front of the frontal bones and in humans are oblong in shape forming by their junction the bridge of the nose and partly covering the nasal cavity.


nasal cavity

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-nasal cavity.wav

(anatomy) In higher vertebrates, a large air-filled space above and behind the nose in the middle of the face.


nasal fossa

(anatomy) Either lateral half of the nasal cavity.


nasal concha

(anatomy) Any one of the three thin bony plates on the lateral wall of the nasal cavity.


inferior nasal concha

inferior nasal concha (plural inferior nasal conchae)

(anatomy) The largest of the three nasal conchae located within the nasal cavity.

cornet inferior

The largest of the three nasal concha located within the nasal cavity


turbinate

en-adj

turbinate (comparative more turbinate, superlative most turbinate)

more turbinate (comparative)
most turbinate (superlative)

(anatomy) Of, or relating to, the turbinate bone.


turbinate bone

(anatomy) A scrolled spongy bone of the nasal cavity.


turbinal

turbinal (comparative more turbinal, superlative most turbinal)

more turbinal (comparative)
most turbinal (superlative)

(anatomy) Rolled in a spiral; scroll-like; turbinate; applied to the thin, plicated, bony or cartilaginous plates which support the olfactory and mucous membranes of the nasal chambers.


descend

en-verb

descend (third-person singular simple present descends, present participle descending, simple past and past participle descended)

descends (present singular third-person)
descending (participle present)
descended (participle past)
descended (past)
descend (infinitive)

PIE word
 *de
The verb is derived from Middle English descenden (“to move downwards, fall, descend; to slope downwards; to go from a better to a worse condition, decline, degenerate; to be a descendant, derive from (a source); etc.”), from Anglo-Norman descendere, descendre, and Old French descendere, descendre (“to move downwards, fall, descend; to slope downwards; to be a descendant, derive from (a source); etc.”) (modern French descendre), and from their etymon Latin dēscendere, the present active infinitive of dēscendō (“to come or go down, fall, descend; to slope downwards; to be a descendant; etc.”), from de- (prefix meaning ‘from; down from’) + scandō (“to ascend, climb; to clamber”) (from Proto-Indo-European *skend- (“to climb, scale; to dart; to jump”)).
The noun is derived from the verb.

laskea

to pass from a higher to a lower part of (something)

afgaan

to physically move or pass from a higher to a lower place or position

Cryptorchidism is the failure of one or both testes to descend into the scrotum.

Senses relating to moving from a higher to a lower position.

(intransitive) To physically move or pass from a higher to a lower place or position; to come or go down in any way, such as by climbing, falling, flowing, walking, etc.; to move downwards; to fall, to sink.

(biology, physiology) Of a body part: to move downwards, especially during development of the embryo; specifically, of the testes of a mammal: to move downwards from the abdominal cavity into the scrotum.

laskeutua

of a body part: to move downwards, especially during development of the embryo; specifically, of the testes of a mammal: to move downwards from the abdominal cavity into the scrotum


incisive

en-adj

incisive (comparative more incisive, superlative most incisive)

more incisive (comparative)
most incisive (superlative)

Late Middle English (in the sense “cutting, penetrating”), borrowed from Medieval Latin incīsīvus, from incīdō (“to cut in, cut through”) + -īvus (“-ive”, adjectival suffix). Compare Middle French incisif.

af

the incisive bones, the premaxillaries

(anatomy, relational) Of or relating to the incisors.


uncinate

From Latin uncīnātus, from uncīnus (“hook, barb”).

(anatomy) Hooked in form; possessing a hook.


capsule

Borrowed from French capsule, from Latin capsula, diminutive of capsa (“box”).

(anatomy) A tough, fibrous layer surrounding an organ such as the kidney or liver

(anatomy) A membrane that surrounds the eyeball


membranous

en-adj

membranous (comparative more membranous, superlative most membranous)

more membranous (comparative)
most membranous (superlative)

From Middle French membraneux; equivalent to membrane + -ous.

(anatomy, zoology) Having the qualities of, or pertaining to, a membrane.

(medicine) Accompanying the formation of a usually abnormal membrane or membranous layer.


lacrimal bone

(anatomy) The smallest and most fragile bone of the face, situated near the eye.


lachrymal

Borrowed from Medieval Latin lachrymālis, from lachryma (“a tear”) + -ālis (“-al”, adjectival suffix). Doublet of lacrimal.

af

(anatomy) Alternative spelling of lacrimal.


palatine bone

(anatomy) Either of a pair of bones that are situated behind and between the maxillae, in humans are of extremely irregular form, and make up parts of the eye socket, the nasal cavity, and the hard palate.

os palatí

either of a pair of bones that are situated behind and between the maxillae, in humans are of extremely irregular form, and make up parts of the eye socket, the nasal cavity, and the hard palate


lacrimal

Borrowed from Medieval Latin lacrimālis, from lacrima (“a tear”) + -ālis (“-al”, adjectival suffix). Doublet of lachrymal.

(anatomy) Of or relating to tears or the tear-secreting organs.


palatine

Borrowing from French palatin, from New Latin palātīnus, from palātum (“the palate”) + -īnus (“-ine”, adjectival suffix); equivalent to palate + -ine.

They strive to astonish the most sophisticated taste, the only applause they seek is the thick sound of the satisfied tongue clapping the palatine papillae.

1979, Clive Sinclair, Hearts of Gold, Penguin, published 1983, page 10:

(anatomy) Of or relating to the palate or to a palatine bone.

顎的 /颚的

relating to the palate or the palatine bone


rotula

Learned borrowing from Latin rotula. Doublet of role and roll.


vertebral

-ɜː(ɹ)tɪbɹəl

хрыбе́тны

of or relating to a vertebra or the spine

(anatomy) Of or relating to a vertebra or the spine.


myology

/mʌɪˈɒlədʒi/

Examination of the myology of the Comephoridae, an endemic fish family in Lake Baikal, has revealed their morphological peculiarities.

2000, M. Yabe, V. G. Sideleva, “Myological peculiarities of the comephoridae: an endeimc fish taxon in Lake Baikal (Pisces: Teleostei)”, in K. Minoura, editor, Lake Baikal: A Mirror in Time and Space for Understanding Global Change Processes, page 306:

Given this, there is an urgent need for detailed compared behavioural and anatomical studies of dasyurids, especially focused on osteology, myology and arthrology.

2003, Christian de Muizon, Christine Argot, “Chapter 4: Comparative anatomy of the Tiupampa didelphimorphs; an approach to locomotory habits of early marsupials”, in Menna Jones, Mike Archer, Chris Dickman, editors, Predators with Pouches: The Biology of Carnivorous Marsupials, page 61:

He greets me as if I'd been waiting all my life to learn the secrets of Bovine Myology and Muscle Profiling.

2008, Betty Harper Fussell, Raising Steaks: The Life and Times of American Beef, page 210:

(anatomy) The physiological study of muscles.


AMA

Alternative forms: A.M.A., A. M. A., a.m.a., a. m. a., ama

(medicine) Initialism of against medical advice.


CB

en-noun

CB (countable and uncountable, plural CBs)


epistropheus

The union of the atlas and epistropheus is described in this section because (1) there is often a direct communication between the synovial cavity of the transverse epistropic and the occipito-atlantal joints; (2) the rotatory movements of the head take place around the dens (odontoid process); and (3) important ligaments from the dens pass over the atlas to the occiput.

1914, Human Anatomy: A Complete Systematic Treatise, page 215:

(anatomy) The second cervical vertebra of the spine which forms the pivot upon which the first cervical vertebra (the atlas), which carries the head, rotates.


CDT

CDT (countable and uncountable, plural CDTs)

(medicine) Initialism of clock draw task.


DV

DV (countable and uncountable, plural DVs)


CST

CST (countable and uncountable, plural CSTs)

(medicine) Initialism of convulsive shock treatment.


antitoxin

Through the needle-hole thus stained with dye it was possible to "superinject" antitoxin, using a slightly wider needle avoid back leak along the old needle track, and thus to ensure a distribution of both toxin and antitoxin solutions from the same point the skin.

1949 August 7, The British Journal of Experimental Pathology 1949-08: Vol 30 Iss 4:

(medicine) A medicine able to neutralize a toxin.

These albuminous substances, whether found as normal products or created artificially in the blood, are distinguished as antitoxins, protective proteïds, vaccines, or alexines; physiologically they have been divided into sozines, those found in animals naturally immune, and phylaxines, those found in animals which by subcutaneous injections have artificially been made immune.

1895, Frantz Peckel Möller, Cod-liver Oil and Chemistry, page 442:

(medicine) An antibody capable of neutralizing specific toxins.


martial

en-adj

martial (comparative more martial, superlative most martial)

more martial (comparative)
most martial (superlative)

From Middle English martial, marcial, mercial, mercialle (“relating to war, warlike; military; for use in fighting or warfare; brave, hardy; combative, fierce; ruthless, vicious; domineering, overbearing”), from Middle French martial (modern French martial (“martial”)), or directly from its etymon Latin mārtiālis (“of or pertaining to Mars, the Roman god of war”), from Mārtius (“of or pertaining to Mars”) + -ālis (suffix forming adjectives of relationship). The English word is cognate with Italian marziale (“martial”), Portuguese marcial (“martial”), Spanish marcial (“martial”).

der

martial preparations martial flowers (a reddish crystalline salt of iron)

This dephlogisticated martial vitriol, as M. [Torbern] Bergman calls it, is often found in nature, particularly in the ores of alum.

1790, Thomas Garnett, “Experiment XI”, in Experiments and Observations on the Horley-Green Spaw, near Halifax. […], Bradford, Yorkshire: Printed for the author, by George Nicholson; and sold by T. Knott, […], →OCLC, page 28:

(not comparable, chemistry, medicine, obsolete) Containing, or relating to, iron (which was symbolically associated with the planet Mars by alchemists); chalybeate, ferric, ferrous.


sesamoid bone

(anatomy) A small bone embedded within a tendon, typically found in locations where a tendon passes over a joint.


sesamoid

There are also at least two examples of more complex ectopic digits. The first is in the aye-aye, a Madagascan lemur, which has a distinct pseudothumb on its forelimb consisting of a bony part that is an expanded radial sesamoid and a dense cartilaginous extension (Hartstone-Rose et al., 2019).

2021, Jonathan Bard, Evolution: The Origins and Mechanisms of Diversity, page 257:

(anatomy) A sesamoid bone or sesamoid cartilage.


empasm

From Ancient Greek ἔμπασμα (émpasma, “dusting powder”), ultimately from πάσσω (pássō). Compare catapasm.

(obsolete, medicine) A perfumed powder to be sprinkled on the body to mask the odor of sweat.


adenoidectomy

(surgery) Surgical removal of the adenoids, or of adenoid growths in the nasopharynx; commonly performed along with tonsillectomy.

腺樣體切除術 /腺样体切除术

surgical removal of the adenoids or growths thereof


splanchnology

These various organs, with those composing the respiratory and genitourinary apparatus, have received the name of viscera, and the term splanchnology is often given to that branch of anatomy devoted to their study.

1887, Auguste Chauveau, The Comparative Anatomy of the Domesticated Animals, page 326:

(anatomy, obsolete) The scientific study of the viscera.


EST

(genetics) Initialism of expressed sequence tag.


aging

en-noun

aging (countable and uncountable, plural agings)

(gerontology) The accumulation of damage to macromolecules, cells, tissues and organs with the passage of time; the progressing loss of health, mobility, vibrancy and body functionality, resulting in biological death.


pull teeth

en-verb

pull teeth (third-person singular simple present pulls teeth, present participle pulling teeth, simple past and past participle pulled teeth)

pulls teeth (present singular third-person)
pulling teeth (participle present)
pulled teeth (participle past)
pulled teeth (past)

(dentistry) To extract teeth, usually because they are decayed or damaged.


iridology

alternative medicine
alternative medicine

(alternative medicine) A form of alternative medicine involving the diagnosis of body ailments through the examination of the iris of the human eye.


bronchiole

(anatomy) Any of the small cartilage-less branches of a bronchus.


oral availability

en-noun

oral availability (usually uncountable, plural oral availabilities)

2002, Daniel F. Veber, Stephen R. Johnson, Hung-Yuan Cheng, Brian R. Smith, Keith W. Ward, and Kenneth D. Kopple, "Molecular Properties That Influence the Oral Bioavailability of Drug Candidates". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 45(12):2615-2623. Retrieved July 9, 2005.
An analysis of the measured oral availability in rats for over 1100 compounds studied at SmithKline Beecham has revealed the unexpected positive influence of increasing molecular rigidity as measured by the rotatable bond count and the more expected negative impact of increasing polar surface area.

(pharmacology) The quality of being efficacious when taken by mouth (usually of a medicinal drug).


small molecule drug

small molecule drug (plural small molecule drugs)

(pharmacology) A medicinal drug compound having a molecular weight of less than 1000 daltons, and typically between 300 and 700 daltons.


choler

choler (usually uncountable, plural cholers)

From Middle English coler (“yellow bile”), from Old French colere (“bile, anger”), from Latin cholera (“bilious disease”), from Ancient Greek χολή (kholḗ, “bile”). Doublet of cholera.

(historical, medicine) One of the four humours of ancient physiology, also known as yellow bile.


refractory

en-adj

refractory (comparative more refractory, superlative most refractory)

more refractory (comparative)
most refractory (superlative)

From Latin refractārius (“obstinate”), from refractus, past participle of refringere (“to break up”). Originally refractary, refractarie, but reanalysed after other adjectives in -ory.

Many of the vague and refractory cases of neck and shoulder pain and of migraine may be due to cervical disc disease.

1949, Albert Fields, John Hoesley, “Neck and Shoulder Pain”, in Calif. Med., 70(6):478-482:

In 33 adult patients with long standing refractory epilepsy on treatment with one or two standard anti-convulsant drugs,

1990, H. A. Ring et al., “Vigabatrin: rational treatment for chronic epilepsy”, in J. Neurol. Neurosurg.Psychiatry, 53(12):1051-1055:

(medicine) Resistant to treatment; not responding adequately to therapy.


cassette

(genetics) A modular DNA sequence encoding one or more genes for a single biochemical function.

kasetti

modular segment of DNA encoding genes for a single function


caput

kaput (for pronunciation with stress on second syllable)

Learned borrowing from Latin caput (“the head”), from Proto-Indo-European *káput (English head), itself from Proto-Indo-European *kap-. Doublet of cape, capo, chef, and chief, and distantly of head and Howth.

lbor

(anatomy) A knob-like protuberance or capitulum.

caput succedaneum
caput succedaneum#English

(medicine, colloquial) Ellipsis of caput succedaneum.


cutaneous

From New Latin *cutaneus, from Latin cutis (“skin”).

(anatomy, zoology) Of, relating to, existing on, or affecting the exterior skin, especially the cutis.


cutis

I was once, I remember, called to a patient who had received a violent contusion in his tibia, by which the exterior cutis was lacerated, so that there was a profuse sanguinary discharge […]

1749, Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, volume (please specify |volume=I to VI), London: A[ndrew] Millar, […], →OCLC:

The cutis measures in thickness from a quarter of a line to a line and a half (a line is one-twelfth of an inch).

1883, Alfred Swaine Taylor, Thomas Stevenson, The principles and practice of medical jurisprudence:

(anatomy) The true skin or dermis, underlying the epidermis.


corium

(anatomy) The layer of skin between the epidermis and the subcutaneous tissues; the dermis.

verinahka

(anatomy) The deep layer of mucous membranes beneath the epithelium.


hypodermis

en-noun

hypodermis (plural hypodermes or hypodermises)

hypodermes (plural)
hypodermises (plural)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-hypodermis.wav

(anatomy) A subcutaneous layer of loose connective tissue containing fat cells, lying beneath the dermis.


epithelium

epithelium (plural epitheliums or epithelia)

/ˌɛpɪˈθiːlɪəm/

the passenger's roving eyes paused for a moment as he listened inwardly to a nether itch, which he supposed to be (correctly, thank Log) only a minor irritation of the epithelium.

1969, Vladimir Nabokov, Ada or Ardor, Penguin, published 2011, page 25:

The sap of this species was able to cause loss of corneal epithelium 16 h after direct exposure to the sap in a 60-year-old male.

2014 May 30, Victor Kuete, Toxicological Survey of African Medicinal Plants, Elsevier, →ISBN, page 505:

(anatomy) A membranous tissue composed of one or more layers of cells which forms the covering of most internal and external surfaces of the body and its organs: internally including the lining of vessels and other small cavities, and externally being the skin.


endothelium

From endo- + -thelium, as in epithelium.

(anatomy) A thin layer of flat epithelial cells that lines the heart, serous cavities, lymph vessels, and blood vessels.


pharmacological

/ˌfɑɹməkəˈlɒd͡ʒɪkəl/

(pharmacology) Of or having to do with pharmacology.


chemotherapeutic

But for a vast majority of cancers, more intensive regimens of standard chemotherapeutic drugs did not necessarily mean more survival.

2010, Siddhartha Mukherjee, The Emperor of All Maladies, Fourth Estate (2011), page 232:

(medicine, oncology) Of or having to do with chemotherapy.


chemotherapeutic

Several novel chemotherapeutics that target specific signaling pathways are now available as anti-cancer agents including EGFR inhibitors and rapamycin.

2005, Michael G. Goggins, “The Molecular Diagnosis of Pancreatic Cancer”, in Von Hoff et al., editors, Pancreatic Cancer, →ISBN, page 260:

(medicine, oncology) A chemical agent used in chemotherapy


transmissible spongiform encephalopathy

transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (countable and uncountable, plural transmissible spongiform encephalopathies)

(pathology, neurology) Any fatal, incurable degenerative disease of the brain transmitted by prions.

overførbare svampeagtige hjernesygdomme

any fatal, degenerative disease transmitted by prions

трансмисси́вная гу́бчатая энцефалопа́тия


TSE

TSE (countable and uncountable, plural TSEs)

(pathology, neurology) Initialism of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy.


arteriole

From French artériole, from Latin arteriola, from Latin artēria.

(anatomy) One of the small branches of an artery, especially one that connects with capillaries.


infectious

en-adj

infectious (comparative more infectious, superlative most infectious)

more infectious (comparative)
most infectious (superlative)

noninfectious

which are hypernymous to noncommunicable

Cancer is usually not infectious.

More infectious diseases like the flu are usually less potent.

(pathology, of an illness) Caused by an agent that enters the host's body (such as a bacterium, virus, parasite, or prion); often, also, transmitted among hosts via any of various routes (for example, contact, droplet-borne, airborne, waterborne, foodborne, fomite-borne, or bloodborne).

Despite feeling better, the patient is still infectious.

I doubt that [saliva] is very infectious ... I don't think this is a normal route of transmission.

1981 December 1, Sue Hyde, quoting Paul Black, “AIDS Update: Little To Cheer About”, in Gay Community News, volume 12, number 20, page 3:

(pathology, typically of a person) Able to infect others; capable of transmitting pathogens.


dermatitis

en-noun

dermatitis (plural dermatitises or dermatitides or dermatites)

dermatitises (plural)
dermatitides (plural)
dermatites (plural)

From Ancient Greek δερματῖτις (dermatîtis), from δέρμα (dérma, “skin, hide”), from δέρω (dérō, “to skin, flay”).

eczema

usually hyponymous, sometimes synonymous; see explanation


eczema

eczema (countable and uncountable, plural eczemata or eczemas)

Learned borrowing from Latin eczema, from Ancient Greek ἔκζεμᾰ (ékzemă, “cutaneous eruption”), from ἐκζέω (ekzéō, “to boil out, break out”) + -μᾰ (-mă, nominal suffix).

أَكْزِيمَا

atopic dermatitis
atopic dermatitis#English

(biology, medicine) A non-contagious acute or chronic inflammation of the skin, characterized by redness, itching, and the outbreak of oozing vesicular lesions which become encrusted and scaly.


rectum

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-rectum.wav

Borrowed from New Latin rectum, clipping of Latin rectum intestinum (literally “the straight intestine”), rectum, neuter of rectus (“straight”). See right.

der

(anatomy) The terminal part of the large intestine through which feces pass after exiting the colon, but before leaving the body through the anus or cloaca.


mastoid

Borrowed from New Latin mastoīdēs, from Ancient Greek μᾰστοειδής (măstoeidḗs, “like a breast”), from μᾰστός (măstós, “a woman's breast”) + -ειδής (-eidḗs, “-like, -oid”).

af

(anatomy) Being the process of the temporal bone behind the ear.

(zootomy) Being any of several bony elements that occupy a similar position in the skull of lower vertebrates.

(anatomy) Of or relating to the mastoid process of the temporal bone.


mastoid

(pathology, informal) Clipping of mastoiditis.


mastoid process

en-noun

mastoid process (plural mastoid processes)

(anatomy) The conical, nipplelike projection of the petrous part of the temporal bone, that is situated behind the ear in humans and many other vertebrates, and serves as a site of muscle attachment.


prognostic

From Medieval Latin prognosticus, from Ancient Greek προγνωστικός (prognōstikós, “foreknowing”), from πρό (pró) + γνωστικός (gnōstikós, “of or for knowing, good at knowing”), from γιγνώσκω (gignṓskō, “to learn to know, to perceive, to mark, to learn”).

der

προγνωστικός

There are several opinions as to what he meant
 But no one considers it a happy prognostic.

1935, T.S. Eliot, Murder in the Cathedral, Part I:

The appearance of the tongue is closely connected with the sense of thirst, and is of considerable importance as a prognostic.

1809, Bartholomew Parr, “PROGNOSIS”, in The London Medical Dictionary:


birth canal

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-birth canal.wav

(anatomy, sometimes euphemistic) The combined vagina and cervix, when the cervix dilates during birth to form a continuous tube with the vagina.


penectomy

(surgery) The surgical removal of the penis.


laryngectomy

(surgery) The surgical removal of part or all of the larynx, most often performed in cases of laryngeal cancer.


duodenum

From Medieval Latin duodēnum digitōrum (“space of twelve digits”) in reference to its length, from duodēnī (“twelve each”) + digitōrum, genitive plural of digitus (“finger; toe; digit”).

From the Stomacke to the very Fundament, are produced the Guts or Inteſtina, which ſerue a little to alter and diſtribute the Chilus, and convey away the excrements. They are divided into ſmall and great, by reason of their ſite and ſubſtance, ſlender or thicker. The ſlender is Duodenum or whole gut, which is next to the ſtomacke, ſome twelue inches long (ſaith Fuſchius.)

1624, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], “Dißimilar Parts”, in The Anatomy of Melancholy: […], 2nd edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC, partition 1, section 1, member 2, subsection 4, page 17:

The Inteſtina tenuia were burnt in many places, but not quite through any where, excepting two or three. […] The length of that which is commonly call'd the Duodenum, was about 4½ Foot.

1682, A[llan] M[ullen], An Anatomical Account of the Elephant Accidentally Burnt in Dublin, on Fryday, June 17. in the Year 1681. Sent in a Letter to Sir Will[iam] Petty, Fellow of the Royal Society. Together with a Relation of New Anatomical Observations in the Eyes of Animals: Communicated in another Letter to the Honourable R[obert] Boyle, Esq.; Fellow of the Same Society, London: Printed for Sam[uel] Smith, bookseller, at the Prince's Arms in St. Paul's Church-Yard, →OCLC, page 19:

The duodenum receives the chyme from the stomach, and has generally been believed to accomplish the second digestion, or the conversion of chyme into chyle. In the duodenum it meets with the bile, pancreatic and intestinal fluids, loses its acid properties, and becomes alkaline, probably by the agency of the soda of the bile; […]

1840, Daniel Oliver, “Nutritive Functions”, in First Lines of Physiology; Designed for the Use of Students of Medicine, 2nd edition, Philadelphia, Pa.: Published by Herman Hooker, Corner of Fifth and Chestnut Streets, →OCLC, page 251:

The duodena open into a common pouch just below the entrance of the gall-ducts. The intestine was single from the confluence of the duodena to the termination of the jejunum.

1872, B[enjamin] Thompson Lowne, Descriptive Catalogue of the Teratological Series in the Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons of England, London: Printed for the College, and Sold by R[obert] Hardwicke, 192 Piccadilly, →OCLC, series II (Abnormal Conditions Affecting the Axis in Animals), class II (Duplicity), subseries VI (In Mammals), subclass II (Homologous Union), page 27, preparation 115:

Duodenums were dissected out, fixed and photographed.

2013, “Retinaldehyde”, in Q. Ashton Acton, editor, Retinoids—Advances in Research and Application, Atlanta, Ga.: ScholarlyEditions, published 2013, →ISBN, page 36:

(anatomy) The first part of the small intestine, starting at the lower end of the stomach and extending to the jejunum.


aromatherapy

en-noun

aromatherapy (countable and uncountable, plural aromatherapies)

/əˌrəʊməˈθɛrəpi/

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-aromatherapy.wav

(alternative medicine) The use of selected fragrances in lotions and inhalants in an effort to affect mood and promote health.


pylorus

From Latin, from Ancient Greek πυλωρός (pulōrós, “gatekeeper”).

пилор

opening between the stomach and duodenum

(anatomy, biology) In vertebrates, including humans, a zone at the lower end of the stomach that leads to and opens into the duodenum.

pyloric sphincter

stomach part that opens into the duodenum


skin cancer

en-noun

skin cancer (countable and uncountable, plural skin cancers)

(oncology, pathology) A malignant growth on the skin, such as melanoma.


single pneumonia

(pathology) Pneumonia affecting one lung.


breast cancer

breast cancer (countable and uncountable, plural breast cancers)


mamilla

(anatomy) The small projection of a mammary gland; a nipple.


neurohypophysis

antidiuretic hormone
antidiuretic hormone

(anatomy) The posterior lobe of the pituitary gland, responsible for the release of oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also called vasopressin.


mammography

The introduction of mammography to detect breast cancer early in its course sharply increased its incidence.

2010, Siddhartha Mukherjee, The Emperor of All Maladies, Fourth Estate (2011), page 44:

(medicine) X-ray examination of the breasts for diagnosing and locating abnormalities, especially tumours.


tumour

From Middle English tumour, from Old French tumour, from Latin tumor (“swelling”), from tumeō (“bulge, swell”, verb), from Proto-Indo-European *tewh₂- (“to swell”). Related to English thumb.

der

(oncology, pathology) Alternative spelling of tumor


pituitary gland

en-noun

pituitary gland (plural pituitary glands)

(anatomy) An endocrine gland, about the size of a pea, that sits in a small, bony cavity at the base of the brain whose secretions control the other endocrine glands and influence growth, metabolism, and maturation.

հիպոֆիզ

an endocrine gland, about the size of a pea, that sits in a small, bony cavity at the base of the brain whose secretions control the other endocrine glands and influence growth, metabolism and maturation


hypophysis

From Ancient Greek ὑπό (hupó, “under”) + φύσις (phúsis, “nature”), from φύω (phúō, “to bring forth”).

CHAPTER VI / THE DISEASES OF THE HYPOPHYSIS [PITUITARY GLAND]

1915 - Wilhelm Falta, (trans. Milton Kayton Meyers) The Ductless Glandular Diseases, P. Blakiston's Son & Co. OCLC 4634141, page 231


adenohypophysis

(anatomy) The anterior lobe of the pituitary gland, producing and secreting several peptide hormones that regulate many physiological processes including stress, growth, and reproduction.

adenohipòfisi

the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland


hypothalamus

hypothalamus (plural hypothalami or hypothalamuses)

hypothalami (plural)
hypothalamuses (plural)

To avoid catastrophe, the brain has its trusty control centre, the hypothalamus, which tells the body to cool itself by sweating or to warm itself by shivering.

2019, Bill Bryson, The Body: A Guide for Occupants, Black Swan (2020), page 217:

autonomic nervous system
autonomic nervous system

(neuroanatomy) A region of the forebrain located below the thalamus, forming the basal portion of the diencephalon, and functioning to regulate body temperature, some metabolic processes and governing the autonomic nervous system.

hipotalamusi

a region of the brain, below the thalamus


pituitary

1610s, from Latin pītuītārius (“mucous”), from pītuīta (“clammy moisture, phlegm, mucus, slime”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *peyH- (“to be fat, swell”). Taken as the name for the gland because it was believed that it channeled mucus to the nose. As a noun by 1899.

der

(anatomy) Of or relating to the pituitary gland.


pituitary

(anatomy) The pituitary gland together with the pituitary stalk.

腦垂體 /脑垂体

(medicine) An extract from the pituitary gland.


macrosomia

en-noun

macrosomia (countable and uncountable, plural macrosomias)

(pathology) The state (of a foetus or neonate) of being abnormally large


antibiotic

Borrowed from French antibiotique; by surface analysis, anti- + -biotic.

On a summer visit back to the farm here where I grew up, I think I figured out the central problem with modern industrial agriculture. It’s not just that it produces unhealthy food, mishandles waste and overuses antibiotics in ways that harm us all.

2009 August 22, Nicholas Kristof, “Food for the Soul”, in The New York Times:

We selected colistimethate sodium (CMS) as our antibiotic of choice.

2015 November 7, “Lung Microbiota Changes Associated with Chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa Lung Infection and the Impact of Intravenous Colistimethate Sodium”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(pharmacology) Any substance that can destroy or inhibit the growth of bacteria and similar microorganisms, generally transported by the lymphatic system.

antibiotik

substance that destroys or inhibits bacteria


antibiotic

en-adj

antibiotic (comparative more antibiotic, superlative most antibiotic)

more antibiotic (comparative)
most antibiotic (superlative)

(pharmacology) Of or relating to antibiotics.


FMS

(medicine) Initialism of fibromyalgia syndrome.


cottonmouth

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-cottonmouth.wav

(medicine, uncountable) An oral dryness often associated with certain medicines and recreational drugs.


meningoencephalitis

en-noun

meningoencephalitis (countable and uncountable, plural meningoencephalitides)

(pathology) Inflammation of the brain and the meninges.


recidivism

recidivism (countable and uncountable, plural recidivisms)

/ɹəˈsɪdəvəzm̩/

From French récidivisme, from Latin recidīvus (“returning, recurring”). Compare recidivous, -ism.

uder

(psychology, psychiatry) Chronic repetition of criminal or other antisocial behavior.


nephros

Borrowed from Ancient Greek νεφρός (nephrós, “kidney”).


nephritis

en-noun

nephritis (plural nephritides or nephritises)

nephritides (plural)
nephritises (plural)


termination

termination (countable and uncountable, plural terminations)

Borrowed from Latin terminationem (accusative of terminatio).


nephrosis

nephrosis (countable and uncountable, plural nephroses)

(pathology) A non-inflammatory disease of the kidneys that is characterised by the leaking of blood protein into the urine, swelling or oedema, and degenerative lesions.


nephropathy

The recorded causes of kidney disease were as follows: diabetic nephropathy (in 21% of the patients), nephroangiosclerosis and glomerulonephritis (18%), interstitial nephropathy (7%), hypertensive nephropathy (5%), polykystosis (5%) and other recorded diagnoses (hereditary disease, solitary kidney, dysglobulinemia, and systemic disease) (22%).

2015 July 17, “The Addition of Vascular Calcification Scores to Traditional Risk Factors Improves Cardiovascular Risk Assessment in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(pathology) Damage to, disease of, or abnormality of the kidneys.


induction

induction (countable and uncountable, plural inductions)

Inherited from Middle English induction, from Old French induction, from Latin inductiō, from indūcō (“I lead”). By surface analysis, induct + -ion or induce + -tion.

(embryology) Given a group of cells that emits or displays a substance, the influence of this substance on the fate of a second group of cells

induction

the development of a feature from part of a formerly homogenous field of cells

(medicine) The process of inducing the birth process.


vesica

Learned borrowing from Latin vēsīca (“bladder”).

lbor

(anatomy) A bladder, especially the urinary bladder or the gall bladder.


urinary bladder

en-noun

urinary bladder (plural urinary bladders)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-urinary bladder.wav

(anatomy) An elastic, muscular sac situated in the pelvic cavity, into which urine from the kidneys is temporarily stored prior to disposal by urination. Urine enters the bladder via the ureters and exits via the urethra.


gall bladder

Giraffes, oddly, sometimes have gall bladders and sometimes donʼt.

2019, Bill Bryson, The Body: A Guide for Occupants, Black Swan (2020), page 178:

(anatomy) A pear-shaped organ that stores bile from the liver, until the body needs it for the digestion and absorption of fats in the duodenum.


typhoid

Typhoid may not worry people as it once did, but it still affects more than 20 million people a year around the world.

2019, Bill Bryson, The Body: A Guide for Occupants, Black Swan (2020), page 378:


paratyphoid fever

paratyphoid fever (countable and uncountable, plural paratyphoid fevers)

(pathology) Any of a variety of acute infectious intestinal diseases resembling typhoid fever but less severe, caused by eating food contaminated with certain bacteria of the genus Salmonella.


naturopathy

naturopathy (countable and uncountable, plural naturopathies)

(alternative medicine) A system of therapy that avoids synthetic drugs and surgery, while emphasizing the use of natural remedies (plants and the elements) and physical means (massage, acupuncture) to treat illness.


reflexology

reflexology (usually uncountable, plural reflexologies)

From reflex + -ology, derived from Russian.

(medicine) The study and interpretation of behavior in terms of simple and complex reflexes.

Reflexology is based on the idea that different points on the feet correlate to different points in the body and by gentle massage of the feet one can heal the body, unblock energy and ease stress.

2021, Dr Philippa Kaye, Doctors Get Cancer Too, Vie Books, page 156:

complementary medicine
complementary medicine

(alternative medicine) A form of complementary medicine involving the stimulation of points on the feet, hands, or ears, in the belief that it will have a beneficial effect on some other parts of the body or to improve general health.


Ebola fever

(pathology) An extremely contagious and often fatal illness caused by the Ebola virus, characterised by fever and internal bleeding, contracted through infected body fluids.


epididymis

epididymis (plural epididymides or epididymises)

epididymides (plural)
epididymises (plural)

From Ancient Greek ἐπιδιδυμίς (epididumís), from ἐπί (epí, “upon, over”) + δίδυμος (dídumos, “twin; testicle”).

Most men, I daresay, have never heard of their epididymis.

2019, Bill Bryson, The Body: A Guide for Occupants, Black Swan (2020), page 332:

(anatomy) A narrow, tightly-coiled tube connecting the efferent ducts from the rear of each testicle to its vas deferens, where sperm are stored during maturation.


ER

ER (countable and uncountable, plural ERs)

(medicine) Initialism of emergency room.


sleeping sickness

sleeping sickness (usually uncountable, plural sleeping sicknesses)

African sleeping sickness
African sleeping sickness

(pathology) Any of several diseases of which lethargy is a major symptom:

Especially, African sleeping sickness, an endemic infectious disease of humans and animals in tropical Africa, caused by a parasitic trypanosome, transmitted by the tsetse fly and characterized by fever, severe headache, joint pains and lymph node swelling in the early stages, followed by a neurological phase of extreme weakness, sleepiness, and deep coma leading to death.

animal trypanosomiasis
animal trypanosomiasis

Also, animal trypanosomiasis, also known as nagana or animal African trypanosomiasis.

Eastern equine encephalitis
eastern equine encephalitis

Eastern equine encephalitis, caused by a zoonotic alphavirus and arbovirus present in North, Central and South America and the Caribbean.

Encephalitis lethargica
encephalitis lethargica

Encephalitis lethargica, a form of encephalitis, of unknown cause, that swept the world in the 1920s.


trypanosomiasis

trypanosomiasis (countable and uncountable, plural trypanosomiases)

Spotted fever, yaws, typhus and trypanosomiasis throve here.

1982, TC Boyle, Water Music, Penguin, published 2006, page 297:

(pathology) Any of several diseases or infections caused by a trypanosome.


leishmaniasis

(pathology) Any of various ulcerative skin diseases caused by any of the protozoans of the genus Leishmania, transmitted to humans and animals by bloodsucking sandflies.

داء الليشمانيات

any of various ulcerative skin diseases caused by any of the protozoans of the genus Leishmania


retainer

You give me head / It makes it worse / Take out your fuckin' retainer / Put it in your purse

1981, “Too Drunk to Fuck”, performed by Dead Kennedys:

(dentistry) A device that holds teeth in position after orthodontic treatment.


arbor vitae

arbor vitae (plural arbor vitae or arbor vitaes or arbores vitae)

arbor vitae (plural)
arbor vitaes (plural)
arbores vitae (plural)

From Latin arbor (“tree”) + vitae, genitive singular of vita (“life”).

connected to fibres of the arbor vitae and to divaricating axons

(anatomy) White matter of the cerebellum.


GU

GU — Had polyuria (large volumes every hour) yesterday; incontinent when paramedics arrived

2009, Amy S. Nicholas, Holly S. Divine, “Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Ketoacidosis”, in Terry L. Schinghammer, Julia M. Koehler, editors, Pharmacotherapy Casebook: A Patient-Focused Approach, 7th edition, McGraw Hill, →DOI, →ISBN, page 79:

(medicine) Abbreviation of gastrourinary.


RE

RE (countable and uncountable, plural REs)

response element
response element#English

(biochemistry, genetics) Initialism of response element.


areola

areola (plural areolas or areolae or areolæ)

areolas (plural)
areolae (plural)
areolæ (plural)

/ˌæ.ɹiˈəʊ.lə/

Borrowed from Latin āreola (“small vacant space, garden”), diminutive of ārea. Doublet of areole.

bor

Working with the Personal Genome Project, she has collected measurements and images of the areolas of 150 people so far. One initial finding is that the diameter of the areola seems unrelated to the number of areola glands — the small bumps in the skin surrounding the nipple.

2014 April 28, Albert Sun, “From Volunteers, a DNA Database”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

(anatomy) The circular, darkly pigmented area surrounding a nipple; the areola mammae.

(by extension, anatomy) Any small circular area that is different from its immediate environment, such as the colored ring around the pupil of the eye (iris) or an inflamed region surrounding a pimple.

The tubes or elongated spaces of which we have spoken, are not distended with any fluid, but are merely moistened in the same way as the areolas of ordinary areolar tissue.

1847, The Medico-Chirurgical Review, volume 51, page 329:

(anatomy) Any of the small spaces throughout areolar connective tissue.


otic bone

/ˈəʊtɪk bəʊn/

The otic bones include the tympanic bulla, the periotic, and the three auditory ossicles (malleus, incus, and stapes).


ectropion

en-noun

ectropion (countable and uncountable, plural ectropions)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἐκτρόπιον (ektrópion).

A condition of loose eyelids, characterized by the turning outward of the lower eyelid.

A condition of the cervix, characterized by the cells of the endocervix being present in the location of the ectocervix.


percussion

percussion (countable and uncountable, plural percussions)

From Middle English percussioun, from Middle French, Old French percussion, from Latin percussiō (“striking”), from percutiō (“I strike”).

(medicine) The tapping of the body as an aid to medical diagnosis.


prosthesis

prosthesis (countable and uncountable, plural prostheses)

Via Latin, from Ancient Greek πρόσθεσις (prósthesis, “addition”), from προστίθημι (prostíthēmi, “I add”), from πρός (prós, “towards”) + τίθημι (títhēmi, “I place”), from Proto-Indo-European *próti, *préti + *dʰédʰeh₁ti (“to be putting, to be placing”).

der

(medicine) An artificial replacement for a body part, either internal or external.


Asperger's syndrome

/ˈæspɜːɡəz ˈsɪndɹəʊm/

/ˈæspɜːdʒəz ˈsɪndɹəʊm/

Named after Austrian pediatrician Hans Asperger (1906–1980).

named-after

Coordinate term: Kanner's syndrome

developmental disorder
developmental disorder

(dated, uncountable, neurology) An autism-related developmental disorder characterised by sustained impairment in social interaction and nonverbal communication and by repetitive behaviour as well as restricted interests and routines.


encephalopathy

en-noun

encephalopathy (countable and uncountable, plural encephalopathies)

/ɛnˌsɛfəˈlɒpəθi/

(pathology, neurology) Any of various conditions affecting the brain.


footpad

(medicine) A medicated bandage for the treatment of corns and warts.


rupture

rupture (countable and uncountable, plural ruptures)

Borrowed from Middle French rupture, or its source, Latin ruptūra (“a breaking, rupture (of a limb or vein)”) and Medieval Latin ruptūra (“a road, a field, a form of feudal tenure, a tax, etc.”), from the participle stem of rumpere (“to break, burst”).

der

(medicine) A break or tear in soft tissue, such as a muscle.


NED

(medicine) Initialism of no evidence of disease.


otorhinolaryngology

/ˌɑtoˌɹaɪnoˌlæɹɪŋˈɡɑləd͡ʒi/

/ˌɒtəʊˌraɪnəʊˌlæɹɪŋˈɡɒləd͡ʒi/

From oto- (“ear”) + rhino- (“nose”) + laryngo- (“throat”) + -logy.

affix

Most of our practical knowledge of nasal accessory sinus disease has been acquired within the past two decades and certainly our advance in it during the past decade is greater than in any other branch of otorhinolaryngology.

1921, “Pennsylvania Medical Journal”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name), volume 24, page 551:

Foreign body aspiration may require otorhinolaryngology consultation for rigid bronchoscopy.

2007, Comprehensive Pediatric Hospital Medicine, “Chapter 76: Aspiration”, in Lisa B. Zaoutis, Vincent W. Chiang, editors, (Please provide the book title or journal name), page 485:

The German inventor Karl Storz (1911-1996) introduced the system into otorhinolaryngology and developed cold light illumination. This marked the beginning of a new era in otorhinolaryngology—the era of endoscopy.

2009, Hans Behrbohm, Oliver Kaschke, Ear, Nose, and Throat Diseases: With Head and Neck Surgery, page 132:


dermatology

en-noun

dermatology (countable and uncountable, plural dermatologies)

/ˌdɜːməˈtɒlədʒi/

From Ancient Greek δέρμα (dérma, “skin, hide”) + -logy. Analysable as dermato- + -logy.

uder

(medicine) The study of the skin and its diseases.


ICE

(medicine) Initialism of ice, compress, elevation (first-aid)


DID

en-noun

DID (countable and uncountable, plural DIDs)

dissociative identity disorder
dissociative identity disorder#English

(psychiatry) Initialism of dissociative identity disorder.


PD

PD (countable and uncountable, plural PDs)

Parkinson’s disease
Parkinson’s disease#English

(pathology) Initialism of Parkinson’s disease.

(pathology) Initialism of panic disorder.

Board and Fritzon found that three of 11 personality disorders (PDs) were actually commoner in managers than in disturbed criminals. The first was histrionic PD, entailing superficial charm, insincerity, egocentricity and manipulativeness.

2005 April 18, Oliver James, “Is your boss a psychopath?”, in The Guardian:

personality disorder
personality disorder#English

(pathology) Initialism of personality disorder.

(ophthalmology) Initialism of pupillary distance.


RV

(physiology) Initialism of residual volume.

(anatomy, medicine) Initialism of right ventricle.

rectal varicosity
rectal varicosity#English

(medicine) Initialism of rectal varicosity.


headcase

headcase (countable and uncountable, plural headcases)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-headcase.wav

Another gene downstream of EcR/Usp is headcase. Screening genes that show genetic interactions with EcR mutants, Loncle and Williams identified headcase as a regulator of dendrite pruning (Loncle and Williams 2012).

2016, Kazuo Emoto, Rachel Wong, Eric Huang, Casper Hoogenraad, editors, Dendrites: Development and Disease, Springer, →ISBN, page 280:

(genetics, uncountable) A genetic sequence that inhibits terminal branching of the trachea and regulates dendrite pruning.


OTC

(pathology) Initialism of Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency.


MCL

medial collateral ligament
medial collateral ligament#English

(medicine) Initialism of medial collateral ligament.


PT

PT (countable and uncountable, plural PTs)

prothrombin time
prothrombin time#English

(hematology) Initialism of prothrombin time.

physical therapist
physical therapist#English

(medicine) Initialism of physical therapist; also P.T.

physical therapy
physical therapy#English

(medicine) Initialism of physical therapy.


OCD

obsessive-compulsive disorder
obsessive-compulsive disorder#English

(medicine, psychology) Initialism of obsessive-compulsive disorder.

osteochondritis dissecans
osteochondritis dissecans#English

(medicine) Initialism of osteochondritis dissecans.


AAL

AAL (countable and uncountable, plural AALs)

(medicine) Initialism of anterior axillary line.


ADR

ADR (countable and uncountable, plural ADRs)

/eɪ diː ˈɑː/

adverse drug reaction
w:adverse drug reaction

(pharmacology) Initialism of adverse drug reaction.

Coordinate term: BAR

Anytime you notice your horse is ADR instead of BAR, it's time to get on the phone to your vet.

2018, Kendra Gale, The Big Book of Miniature Horses, Trafalgar Square Books, →ISBN:

(veterinary medicine, slang, uncountable) Initialism of ain't doin' right. (the situation where an animal appears unwell but has not yet been diagnosed with any specific illness).


BAC

BAC (countable and uncountable, plural BACs)

(medicine) Initialism of bronchioloalveolar carcinoma.


HS

(medicine, pharmacology) Initialism of half strength.

(medicine, pharmacology) Initialism of hora somni (“literally, hour of sleep; at bedtime”).. From Latin hora somni


PPO

PPO (countable and uncountable, plural PPOs)

Coordinate term: HMO

(US, health) Initialism of preferred provider organization.


ischaemia

ischaemia (countable and uncountable, plural ischaemias or ischaemiae)

(cardiology, pathology) Alternative spelling of ischemia


ischemia

ischemia (countable and uncountable, plural ischemias or ischemiae)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-ischemia.wav

From New Latin ischaemia, from Ancient Greek ἴσχαιμος (ískhaimos, “stoppage of blood flow”), from ῐ̓́σχω (ĭ́skhō, “to hold back, restrain; to stay, stop”) + αἷμᾰ (haîmă, “blood”).
The plural form ischemiae is also from New Latin ischaemiae.

der

Coordinate term: hypoperfusion

(cardiology, pathology) Local disturbance in blood circulation due to mechanical obstruction of the blood supply (for example, embolism, thrombosis, or vasoconstriction).

نقص التروية

local disturbance in blood circulation due to mechanical obstruction of the blood supply


HR

en-noun

HR (countable and uncountable, plural HRs)

/eɪt͡ʃ ɑː(ɹ)/

homologous recombination
w:homologous recombination

(genetics) Initialism of homologous recombination.


caisson disease

(pathology, nautical) The painful condition in which bubbles of nitrogen form in body tissues after a person makes too-rapid a transition from high atmospheric pressure to lower atmospheric pressure.


EC

EC (countable and uncountable, plural ECs)

entorhinal cortex
entorhinal cortex#English

(anatomy) Initialism of entorhinal cortex.


SIDS

The evidence clearly showed that ETS increased the risk of SIDS, but the panel couldn’t decide whether that risk was caused by prenatal smoking, postnatal ETS, or both.

2010, Naomi Oreskes, Erik M. Conway, chapter 5, in Merchants of Doubt:

sudden infant death syndrome
sudden infant death syndrome#English

(medicine, pathology) Acronym of sudden infant death syndrome.


LOC

LOC (countable and uncountable, plural LOCs)

(emergency medicine) Initialism of level of consciousness; also LoC.

(medicine) Initialism of loss of consciousness; also LoC.


PTT

PTT (countable and uncountable, plural PTTs)

partial thromboplastin time
w:Partial thromboplastin time

(hematology) Initialism of partial thromboplastin time.


IE

infective endocarditis
infective endocarditis#English

(pathology) Initialism of infective endocarditis.


VHF

viral haemorrhagic fever
w:viral haemorrhagic fever

(medicine) Initialism of viral haemorrhagic fever.


DNR

The hospital ignored the DNR order because it wasn't entered on the charts.

After reviewing the patient’s case, the ethics consultants advised us to honor the patient’s do not resuscitate (DNR) tattoo.

2017 November 30, Gregory E. Holt, Bianca Sarmento, Daniel Kett, Kenneth W. Goodman, “An Unconscious Patient with a DNR Tattoo”, in New England Journal of Medicine, volume 377, number 22, →DOI, →ISSN, pages 2192–2193:

Caplan noted that while there are no legal penalties for ignoring such a tattoo, there may be legal problems if the doctors let a patient die without having their official DNR paperwork.

2020, Brian Christian, “Uncertainty”, in The Alignment Problem, New York: W.W. Norton & Company, →ISBN:

(medicine) Initialism of do not resuscitate, a legal document by which a patient may direct which medical procedures they do and do not wish to undergo in the case that they are incapacitated.


FTD

FTD (countable and uncountable, plural FTDs)

frontotemporal dementia
frontotemporal dementia#English

(pathology, uncountable) Initialism of frontotemporal dementia.


PMI

PMI (countable and uncountable, plural PMIs)

(pathology) Initialism of post mortem interval.


DWI

DWI (countable and uncountable, plural DWIs)

diffusion-weighted imaging
w:Diffusion MRI

(medicine) Initialism of diffusion-weighted imaging.


PDT

PDT (countable and uncountable, plural PDTs)

Coordinate term: PDD

photodynamic therapy
photodynamic therapy#English

(medicine) Initialism of photodynamic therapy.


PV

PV (countable and uncountable, plural PVs)

Abbreviation.
* Sense "promotional video" is a borrowing from Japanese PV (PV, “promotional video”), from English promotional + video.

polycythemia vera
polycythemia vera#English

(uncountable, medicine) Initialism of polycythemia vera.

pemphigus vulgaris
pemphigus vulgaris#English

(uncountable, medicine) Initialism of pemphigus vulgaris.


NCP

neuropathic corneal pain
neuropathic corneal pain#English

(pathology) Abbreviation of neuropathic corneal pain.

For quotations using this term, see Citations:NCP.

novel coronavirus pneumonia
novel coronavirus pneumonia#English

(Mainland China, pathology, historical) Abbreviation of novel coronavirus pneumonia; COVID-19 (disease)


anaesthesiology

(British spelling, medicine) Alternative spelling of anesthesiology


uraemic

en-adj

uraemic (comparative more uraemic, superlative most uraemic)

more uraemic (comparative)
most uraemic (superlative)

(pathology) Of, relating to, or causing uremia.


CAT

en-noun

CAT (countable and uncountable, plural CATs)

computed axial tomography
computed axial tomography#English

(medicine) Acronym of computed axial tomography.


TBS

(medicine) Initialism of The Bethesda system.


ACTH

adrenocorticotropic hormone
adrenocorticotropic hormone#English

(endocrinology, biochemistry) Initialism of adrenocorticotropic hormone.


BP

BP (countable and uncountable, plural BPs)

I was concerned to find the BP even higher when I took it.

2002, Jennifer Worth, Call the Midwife, Phoenix (2012), pages 81–82:

(medicine) Initialism of blood pressure.


GMC

General Medical Council
w:General Medical Council

(health, UK) Initialism of General Medical Council.


VIP

VIP (countable and uncountable, plural VIPs)

ventilator-induced pneumonia
w:ventilator-associated pneumonia

(medicine, pathology) Abbreviation of ventilator-induced pneumonia.


GI

GI tract

Endometriosis, which involves tissue similar to uterine tissue growing elsewhere in the body, has myriad symptoms, including GI distress, migraines, discomfort during sex and abdominal pain that can range from debilitating to excruciating.

2023 June 20, Lauren Mechling, “The last health taboo: why are so many women still suffering with endometriosis?”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:

(medicine) Initialism of gastrointestinal.


urogenital

(medicine) Of, or relating to the urinary and the genital systems.


urinary tract

(anatomy) The continuous system involved in the production and excretion of urine; the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder and urethra.


ureter

/jʊəˈɹiːtə(ɹ)/

(anatomy) Either of the two long, narrow ducts that carry urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder.

حَالِب

narrow duct that carries urine from the kidneys


urology

urology (countable and uncountable, plural urologies)

/jʊəˈɹɒlədʒi/

(medicine) The surgical specialty of medicine that treats disorders of the urinary tract and the urogenital system.

urologia

branch of medicine dealing with urinary tract and urogenital system

nephrology

both concern the urinary tract, but nephrology specializes in the kidney's biochemical and microanatomical function


uropod

/ˈjʊəɹəˌpɒd/

Coordinate term: pleopod

(anatomy) either of the two posterior abdominal appendages of the lobster, shrimp and some other crustaceans.

(immunology) the hind part of polarized leukocytes, mostly involved in cell-to-cell interaction, cell activation and apoptosis.


uroscopy

(historical, medicine) the visual diagnostic examination of urine during ancient and medieval Europe


meatus

Learned borrowing from Latin meātus (“a going, passing; a way, path, passage”).

lbor

The urinary meatus is the opening of the urethra, situated on the glans penis in males, and in the vulva in females.

The illness. It came out of nowhere. His breathing all of a sudden started hurting the back of his throat. Then that overfull heat in various cranial meatus.

1996, David Foster Wallace, Infinite Jest […], Boston, Mass., New York, N.Y.: Little, Brown and Company, →ISBN, page 60:

The vibrissae are coarse hairs whose follicles are located just within the nasal meatus.

2012, David W. Kennedy, Peter H. Hwang, editors, Rhinology: Diseases of the Nose, Sinuses, and Skull Base, Thieme, →ISBN:

(anatomy) A tubular opening or passage leading to the interior of the body.

(anatomy) Ellipsis of acoustic meatus, the passage leading into the ear.


diagnostic

en-adj

diagnostic (comparative more diagnostic, superlative most diagnostic)

more diagnostic (comparative)
most diagnostic (superlative)

(medicine) Characteristic of a particular disease.


eloquent

eloquent (comparative more eloquent, superlative most eloquent)

more eloquent (comparative)
most eloquent (superlative)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-eloquent.wav

From Old French eloquent, from Latin eloquens (“speaking, having the faculty of speech, eloquent”), present participle of eloquor (“to speak out”), from e (“out”) + loquor (“to speak”).

der

Lydiard was diagnosed shortly after new year following speech disturbance and subtle memory issues. He has a high-grade glioma, an aggressive malignant primary brain tumour in the left side. It is in the “eloquent brain”, very close to the part that controls speech, and would have been considered untreatable in the past.

2016 February 7, Caroline Davies, “Been anywhere nice this year? Brain surgery where patients are kept chatting”, in The Guardian:

(medicine) Relating to areas in the brain that serve an identifiable neurological function, in which injury leads to focal deficits or disability.


UC

en-noun

UC (countable and uncountable, plural UCs)

ulcerative colitis
ulcerative colitis#English

(pathology) Initialism of ulcerative colitis.


PROM

prelabor rupture of membranes
w:prelabor rupture of membranes

(medicine) Initialism of prelabor rupture of membranes.


KP

KP (countable and uncountable, plural KPs)

keratosis pilaris
keratosis pilaris#English

(uncountable, medicine) Initialism of keratosis pilaris.


virgo intacta

From Latin virgo intacta (“untouched maiden”).

bor

(medicine) A girl or woman whose hymen remains unbroken.


ACS

en-noun

ACS (countable and uncountable, plural ACSs or ACSes or ACS's)

ACSs (plural)
ACSes (plural)
ACS's (plural)

Traditionally, in an attempt to identify every patient with ACS presenting to the ED, clinicians often admit many patients with noncardiac causes of chest pain.

2000, Eric J. Topol, Acute Coronary Syndromes, Third Edition, CRC Press, page 294:

acute coronary syndrome
w:Acute coronary syndrome

(medicine) Initialism of acute coronary syndrome.

compartment syndrome
compartment syndrome#English

(medicine) Initialism of acute compartment syndrome.

(medicine) Initialism of abdominal compartment syndrome.


NSAID

Coordinate term: paracetamol

(pharmacology) Acronym of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug.


XR

Adderall-XR

(pharmacology) Initialism of extended release.


CR

CR (countable and uncountable, plural CRs)

Coordinate term: PR

(medicine) Initialism of complete response.

complete remission
complete remission#English

(medicine) Initialism of complete remission (induced remission).

computed radiography
computed radiography#English

(medicine) Initialism of computed radiography.

conditioned reflex
conditioned reflex#English

(physiology) Initialism of conditioned reflex.


CR

controlled release
controlled release#English

(medicine, pharmacology) Initialism of controlled release.


CNS

central nervous system
central nervous system#English

(neuroanatomy) Initialism of central nervous system.


AHA

American Heart Association
w:American Heart Association

(medicine, cardiology) Initialism of American Heart Association: an American non-profit organization focusing on cardiovascular medical research, education and care.


COPD

COPD (usually uncountable, plural COPDs)

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease#English

(medicine) Initialism of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.


BPH

BPH (countable and uncountable, plural BPHs)

Mr. Goldman, like up to 90 percent of men in their 70s, has benign prostatic hyperplasia, or B.P.H., a nonmalignant growth of the prostate gland. […] Common risk factors for developing B.P.H. include, in addition to age, a family history of the condition, obesity, metabolic syndrome, a sedentary lifestyle and diabetes.

2019 August 26, Jane E. Brody, “Alternatives to Surgery for an Enlarged Prostate”, in The New York Times:

benign prostatic hyperplasia
benign prostatic hyperplasia#English

(pathology) Initialism of benign prostatic hyperplasia.


CAM

cell-adhesion molecule
cell-adhesion molecule#English

(medicine) Initialism of cell-adhesion molecule.


MAD

MAD (countable and uncountable, plural MADs)

mothers against decapentaplegic
w:mothers against decapentaplegic

(genetics) Initialism of mothers against decapentaplegic.

mandibular advancement device
mandibular advancement device#English

(medicine, ENT, dental, prosthetics) Initialism of mandibular advancement device.

dental; prosthetics; dental; prosthetics


SAD

seasonal affective disorder
seasonal affective disorder#English

(medicine) Initialism of seasonal affective disorder.


AED

(medicine, pharmacology) Initialism of antiepileptic drug.

(medicine) Initialism of automated external defibrillator.


RHD

RHD (countable and uncountable, plural RHDs)

(medicine) Initialism of recommended human dose.

rheumatic heart disease
rheumatic heart disease#English

(medicine) Initialism of rheumatic heart disease.


UTI

urinary tract infection
urinary tract infection#English

(medicine) Initialism of urinary tract infection.


BMD

bone mineral density
bone mineral density#English

(medicine) Initialism of bone mineral density.


ARV

(pharmacology) Initialism of antiretroviral.

(medicine) Initialism of antiretroviral.


HRT

HRT (countable and uncountable, plural HRTs)

Just this week I read a news report that HRT “should not be prescribed to ease symptoms of anxiety and depression in menopausal women”, according to “landmark new guidelines”, with experts saying “there was little evidence that HRT helped to improve low mood, anxiety and mood swings”.

2023 November 5, Emma Beddington, “I could have sworn HRT had cured my brain fog and rage. Then I read that it hadn’t”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:

hormone replacement therapy
hormone replacement therapy#English

(medicine) Initialism of hormone replacement therapy.