purulent

en-adj

purulent (comparative more purulent, superlative most purulent)

more purulent (comparative)
most purulent (superlative)

Borrowed from Middle French purulent, from Latin pūrulentus, from pūs (“pus”).

Near-synonym: puriform

It is allowed, that Senates and great Councils are often troubled with redundant, ebullient, and other peccant Humours, with many Diſeaſes of the Head and more of the Heart; with ſtrong Convulſions, with grievous Contractions of the Nerves and Sinews in both Hands, but eſpecially the Right; with Spleen, Flatus, Vertigos and Deliriums; with Scrophulous Tumors full of fœtid purulent Matter; with ſower frothy Ructations, with Canine Appetites and Crudeneſs of Digeſtion, beſides many others needleſs to mention.

1726 October 28, [Jonathan Swift], “A Further Account of the Academy. […]”, in Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World. […] [Gulliver’s Travels], volume II, London: […] Benj[amin] Motte, […], →OCLC, part III (A Voyage to Laputa, Balnibarbi, Glubbdubdribb, Luggnagg, and Japan), page 82:

purulent inflammation

Close-up of two rats gnawing at a mutton bone, of the flies on the purulent eyelids of a small girl.

1948 August, Aldous Huxley, Ape and Essence, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers, →OCLC:


attenuate

en-verb

attenuate (third-person singular simple present attenuates, present participle attenuating, simple past and past participle attenuated)

attenuates (present singular third-person)
attenuating (participle present)
attenuated (participle past)
attenuated (past)

From Latin attenuāre, from attenuāt-, at- = ad- (“to”) + tenuāre (“to make thin”), tenuis (“thin”).

(transitive, medicine) To reduce the virulence of a bacterium or virus.


andropause

From andro- + -pause, based on menopause.

(medicine, endocrinology) The male equivalent of the menopause in women; characterized by a decline in libido and overall energy.


pseudopod

en-noun

pseudopod (plural pseudopods or pseudopodia)

pseudopods (plural)
pseudopodia (plural)

(cytology) A temporary projection of the cytoplasm of certain cells, such as phagocytes, or of certain unicellular organisms, such as amoebas, that serves in locomotion.


phagocyte

From the German Phagocyt, modified on the pattern of -cyte; phago- + -cyte.

(cytology) A cell of the immune system, such as a neutrophil, macrophage or dendritic cell, that engulfs and destroys viruses, bacteria and waste materials, or in the case of mature dendritic cells; displays antigens from invading pathogens to cells of the lymphoid lineage.


mesial

Irregular derivation from Ancient Greek μέσος (mésos).

His pale Galilean eyes were upon her mesial groove. Venus Kallipyge. O, the thunder of those loins!

1922 February, James Joyce, Ulysses, Paris: Shakespeare and Company, […], →OCLC:

(anatomy) Pertaining to the midline of the body.

(dentistry) Facing the side of a tooth which faces the middle of the jaw.


buccal

buccal surface of the molars

buccal branch of the facial nerve

Obtained buccal epithelium and newly drawn, uncentrifuged blood collected in an EDTA tube were used for analysis of gene expression: a control GAPDH gene and Osteocalcin gene.

2015 August 19, Mansur Rahnama et al., “Analysis of the Influence of Hormone Replacement Therapy on Osteocalcin Gene Expression in Postmenopausal Women”, in BioMed Research International, volume 2015, →DOI:

(anatomy, dentistry, relational) Of, relating to, near, involving, or supplying the cheek.

(pharmacology) Administered in the mouth, not by swallowing but by absorption through the skin of the cheek; often by placing between the top gum and the inside of the lip.


occlusal

(dentistry) On the side of a tooth which mates with the opposing tooth.

(dentistry) Of or relating to occlusion.


orthodontics

From ortho- (“correct, straight”) + -odont + -ics.

affix

(medicine) A specialty of dentistry concerned with correcting misalignment of teeth.

dentistry

hypernymous from most cognitive viewpoints albeit sometimes framed as coordinate when the notion of general dentistry is implied


ESA

erythropoiesis-stimulating agent
w:erythropoiesis-stimulating agent

(pharmacology) Initialism of erythropoiesis-stimulating agent.


contusion

en-noun

contusion (countable and uncountable, plural contusions)

Borrowed from Middle French contusion, from Latin contūsiōnem, accusative singular of contūsiō, from contūsus, past participle of contundō (“to beat”), from com- + tundō (“to beat”).

(medicine, countable) Synonym of bruise.

(medicine, uncountable) Synonym of bruising.


-ad

From Ancient Greek -άς (-ás) (genitive -άδος (-ádos)): a suffix forming feminine nouns.

tibiad; ulnad


-ectomy

From Ancient Greek ἐκτομή (ektomḗ, “a cutting out of”), from ἐκτέμνω (ektémnō, “to cut out”), from ἐκ (ek, “out”) + τέμνω (témnō, “to cut”).

der

-plasty

any surgery, but often one that revises/remodels rather than excises


vegetative

en-adj

vegetative (comparative more vegetative, superlative most vegetative)

more vegetative (comparative)
most vegetative (superlative)

From Middle French végétatif, from Medieval Latin vegetativus, from past participle stem of vegetare.

(medicine) Of a state of impaired brain function, where a person can respond to some stimuli but is incapable of voluntary acts.


-philia

From Ancient Greek φιλία (philía, “(fraternal) love”).

der

(pathology) Used to form nouns meaning abnormal liking or tendency (for something), e.g. paraphilia.

-fília

forming words denoting abnormal linking towards a given thing


-aemia

From Ancient Greek αἷμα (haîma, “blood”).

(British spelling, medicine) Blood; presence in blood (of a substance denoted by an affixed combining form); state or condition of the blood.

-uria

urine; presence in urine; state or condition of urine


anaplastic

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-anaplastic.wav

(oncology) Of, or relating to, a tumor that shows little histogenetic differentiation. It implies that a tumor is high grade and likely to behave in an aggressive fashion.

(surgery) Of or relating to plastic surgery.


anthroponosis

From anthropo- + Ancient Greek νόσος (nósos, “disease”) (compare also nosology); the surface analysis is almost, although not quite, anthropo- + -osis; compare also zoonosis.

(medicine) Any disease that is spread from humans to animals.


asteriscus

(anatomy) One of the otoliths found in the lagena of many nonmammalian vertebrates.


apophysis

From Ancient Greek ἀπόφυσις (apóphusis, “offshoot”), from ἀπό (apó) + φύω (phúō, “to bring forth”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH- (“to exist, to grow”). Equivalent to apo- + -physis.

Every bone in the real duck had its representative in the automaton, and its wings were anatomically exact. Every cavity, apophysis, and curvature was imitated, and each bone executed its proper movements.

1836, E. A. Poe, Maelzel's Chess-Player:

In the male each palpal tibia shows a long narrow apophysis on the outerside.

1913, A. Randell Jackson, “On the British Spiders of the Genus Microneta”, in Transactions of the Natural History Society of Northumberland, page 128:

(anatomy) A natural outgrowth, swelling or enlargement, usually of an organism; a protuberance on a bone.


neurosis

en-noun

neurosis (countable and uncountable, plural neuroses)

On inquiry it was found that this neurosis corresponded in time with the oncome of the catamenia.

1881, American journal of obstetrics and diseases of women and children: Volume 14:

In the period from Spinoza to the end of the 19th century, the reading of design into nature received such devastating attacks from naturalists to non-naturalists alike that there developed an epistemological neurosis which Von Baer aptly termed “teleophobia.”

1952, D. Maurice Allan, “Towards a Natural Teleology”, in The Journal of Philosophy, volume 49, number 13, →DOI:

(pathology) A mental disorder, less severe than psychosis, marked by anxiety or fear which differ from normal measures by their intensity, which disorder results from a failure to compromise or properly adjust during the developmental stages of life, between normal human instinctual impulses and the demands of human society.


overlap

en-verb

overlap (third-person singular simple present overlaps, present participle overlapping, simple past and past participle overlapped)

overlaps (present singular third-person)
overlapping (participle present)
overlapped (participle past)
overlapped (past)

From over- + lap.
Cognate with Dutch overlap.

(genetics) To have some similar nucleotide sequences.


oxygenate

oxygenate (third-person singular simple present oxygenates, present participle oxygenating, simple past and past participle oxygenated)

oxygenates (present singular third-person)
oxygenating (participle present)
oxygenated (participle past)
oxygenated (past)

From oxygen or French oxygéner + -ate (verb-forming suffix).

af

(transitive, medicine) To give (a patient) oxygen therapy.


canine

From Latin canīnus (“of dogs, dog-like”), from canis (“dog”). Compare French canin.

Then his upper lip may be seen to be raised, especially at the corners, so that his huge canine teeth are exhibited.

1872, Charles Darwin, chapter 10, in Expression of Emotion in Man and Animals:

(anatomy) Of or pertaining to mammalian teeth which are cuspids or fangs.

(medicine, obsolete) Of an appetite: depraved or inordinate; used to describe eating disorders.


dromotropic

/ˌdɹɒm.əˈtɹəʊ.pɪk/

From dromo- (“course, speed”) + -tropic (“affecting, changing”), from Ancient Greek δρόμος (drómos, “course, race”) + τρόπος (trópos, “turn, direction, way”) + -ικός (-ikós, “-ic”, adjectival suffix).

<i class="Latn mention" lang="en">-ic</i>

(physiology) Affecting the conductivity of cardiac muscle, used of the influence of cardiac nerves.


oxytocic

en-adj

oxytocic (comparative more oxytocic, superlative most oxytocic)

more oxytocic (comparative)
most oxytocic (superlative)

/ˌɒksɪˈtəʊsɪk/

Corruption of Ancient Greek ὠκυτόκος (ōkutókos), based on ὀξύς (oxús, “pointed”) instead of ὠκύς (ōkús, “swift”) + τόκος (tókos, “childbirth”).

(medicine) Serving to promote uterine contractions, thus accelerating childbirth.


ortho-

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-ortho-.wav

E.g. orthogeriatrics is the combination of orthopaedics and geriatrics, orthosurgeon is an orthopaedic surgeon, orthoroentgenography is orthopedic roentgenography.


orthognathous

orthognathous (comparative more orthognathous, superlative most orthognathous)

more orthognathous (comparative)
most orthognathous (superlative)


atopy

en-noun

atopy (countable and uncountable, plural atopies)

From Ancient Greek ἀτοπία (atopía), from ἄτοπος (átopos), from ἀ- (a-) + τόπος (tópos, “place”). By surface analysis, a- + -topy (“out of place”).

surf

Whatever factor is invoked to explain the increase in asthma must also be capable of explaining other outbreaks of atopy.

1999, Matt Ridley, Genome, Harper Perennial, published 2004, page 67:

(medicine) A hereditary disorder marked by the tendency to develop localized immediate hypersensitivity reactions to allergens such as pollen, food etc and is manifested by hay fever, asthma, or similar allergic conditions; generally considered to be caused by the interaction of environmental and genetic factors.


ventral

From French ventral, from Latin ventrālis, from venter (“belly, abdomen”); by surface analysis, ventr- + -al.

ventraalinen

(anatomy) on or relating to the bottom portion of either foot and/or hand

(anatomy) On the front side of the human body, or the corresponding surface of an animal, usually the lower surface.

ventral

(anatomy) on the front side of the human body or the according surface of an animal

(anatomy) On or relating to the sole of the foot or the palmar surface of the hand.

(neuroanatomy) On the lower side of the brain.


osteopath

alternative medicine
alternative medicine

(alternative medicine) A non-physician healthcare practitioner who practices osteopathy by manipulating the skeleton and muscles. Not to be confused with Doctors of Osteopathic Medicine (D.O.) (also known as osteopathic physicians) who are full physicians like Doctors of Medicine (M.D.).

остеопат

medicine: a healthcare practitioner who practices osteopathy by manipulating the skeleton and muscles


osteopathy

en-noun

osteopathy (countable and uncountable, plural osteopathies)

Coordinate term: osteopathic medicine (contradistinguished)

(alternative medicine) The branch of therapy based on manipulation of bones and muscles.


partial

From Middle English partiall, parcial, from Old French parcial (“biased or particular”), from Late Latin partiālis (“of or pertaining to a part”), from Latin pars (“part”).

der

(dentistry) dentures that replace only some of the natural teeth


sagittal

Late Middle English, from Medieval Latin sagittālis, from sagitta (“an arrow, shaft, bolt”) + -ālis (“-al”, adjectival suffix).

af

(anatomy) Relating to or denoting the suture on top of the skull which runs between the parietal bones in a front to back direction.

(anatomy) Of or in a plane parallel to the median plane, especially that dividing the body into left and right halves.


trade name

առևտրային անվանում

Patients who come to the pharmacy counter may remember the trade name of their prescription but not the nonproprietary name, or vice versa.

registered trademark
registered trademark

international nonproprietary name
international nonproprietary name

A name used to identify a commercial product or service; may or may not be a registered trademark.

(medicine, pharmacology) The company-specific name for a drug (medication), in contrast with a nonproprietary name such as an INN (international nonproprietary name), USAN (United States adopted name), JAN (Japanese accepted name), and so on.


orthology

(genetics) Homologous sequences descended from the same ancestral sequence for which function of the gene or sequence has been conserved across evolutionary time.


orthopedics

/ˌɔːθəˈpiːdɪks/

/ˌɔɹθəˈpidɪks/

From ortho- + Ancient Greek παιδεία (paideía, “upbringing, training”). Originally a branch of medicine correcting deformities in children.

uder

(medicine) The branch of medicine that deals with the prevention or correction of disorders of the bones and associated muscles and joints


orthopedist

(medicine) A surgeon who specializes in orthopedics.


granulocytopenia

(pathology) An abnormally low concentration of granulocytes in the blood, which reduces the body's resistance to many infections.


orthopsychiatry

(psychiatry) branch of psychiatry concerned with the prevention of mental illness, especially in the young


stimulant

“Uppers” are what’s known as stimulants while “downers” are what is classified as depressants. […] Uppers increased cardiovascular and respiratory functions to dangerous degrees that can overwhelm the body. If you’ve ever felt an adrenaline rush before, you likely felt shaky, weak, or dizzy once it passed. This is similar to what stimulant drug users experience once a stimulant wears off. Feelings of exhaustion and depression set in and users seek more uppers to ward off what’s known as a “crash”.

2024 April 10 [2020 August 27], Nick B., “Which Drugs Are Uppers And Downers?”, in The Freedom Center:

(pharmacology) A substance that acts to increase physiological or nervous activity in the body.

стимулант

substance acting to increase physiological or nervous activity in the body


amphetamine

en-noun

amphetamine (countable and uncountable, plural amphetamines)

Shortened form of a(lpha-)m(ethyl)ph(en)eth(yl)amine.

central nervous system
central nervous system

(medicine, pharmacology) A potent central nervous system stimulant of the phenethylamine chemical class that is used to treat ADHD, narcolepsy, and obesity.


barbiturate

/ˌbɑː(ɹ)ˈbɪt͡ʃəɹɪt/

/ˌbɑː(ɹ)ˈbɪt͡ʃəɹeɪt/

/ˌbɑɹbɪˈt(j)ʊəɹɪt/

/ˌbɑɹˈbɪt͡ʃu.ɪt/

Coordinate term: benzodiazepine

Following the “Summer of Love” in 1967, amphetamines and barbiturates began to replace psychedelics as the dominant drugs used in the Haight-Ashbury district of San Francisco, and increasing numbers of individuals were treated at the Haight-Ashbury Free Medical Clinic for complications following barbiturate use.

1977, Donald R. Wesson, David Elvin Smith, Barbiturates, their use, misuse, and abuse, New York: Human Sciences Press, →ISBN, page 9:

(pharmacology) Any of derivatives of barbituric acid that act as depressants of the central nervous system and are used as sedatives or hypnotics.

باربتيورات

derivative of barbituric acid that acts as a depressant of the central nervous system


cavity

Mid 16th century borrowing from Middle French cavité or Late Latin cavitās, from cavus (“hollow, excavated, concave”) + -tās (“-ity”, nominal suffix).

af

A hole or hollow depression in a solid object.

(anatomy) A hollow area within the body.

Jim got two cavities filled at the dentist's office yesterday.

(dentistry) A small or large hole in a tooth caused by caries; often also a soft area adjacent to the hole also affected by caries.

кариес

hole and soft area in tooth caused by caries


orthosis

From Ancient Greek ὄρθωσις (órthōsis, “making straight”). By surface analysis, ortho- + -osis.

der

(medicine) A type of brace which either prevents or assists movement of a limb or the spine.


NAT

en-noun

NAT (countable and uncountable, plural NATs)

(genetics) Initialism of nucleic acid test.


swab

Mid 17th century (in the sense 'mop for cleaning the decks'): back-formation from Middle English swabber (“sailor detailed to swab decks”), from Middle Dutch zwabber, from a Germanic base meaning 'splash' or 'sway', also found as nautical German Schwabber and Volga German Schwabber ("scrubber, mop, swab")

der

(medicine) A small piece of soft, absorbent material, such as gauze, used to clean wounds, apply medicine, or take samples of body fluids. Often attached to a stick or wire to aid access.

тампон

a small piece of soft, absorbent material


phytotherapy

en-noun

phytotherapy (usually uncountable, plural phytotherapies)

(medicine) The use of plant extracts for medical purposes.


pavilion

From Middle English pavilloun, from Anglo-Norman pavilloun, from Latin pāpiliōnem, form of pāpiliō (“butterfly, moth”) (due to resemblance of tent to a butterfly’s wings), of unknown origin. Doublet of papillon.
Cognate to French pavillon (“pavilion”) and papillon (“butterfly”), and similar terms in other Romance languages.

(anatomy) The cartiliginous part of the outer ear; auricle.

(anatomy) The fimbriated extremity of the Fallopian tube.


intermittent

From Middle French intermittent, from Latin intermittens (“sending between”), from prefix inter- (“among, on”) + mittens (“sending”), from mittere (“to send”).

Feuers, and especially those that are called intermittents, discontinuing agues, euen naturally at the beginning and their first inuasion, cause vomits: and at the declining, sweats.

1592, Nicholas Gyer, chapter 16, in The English Phlebotomy: or, Method and Way of Healing by Letting of Blood, London: Andrew Mansell, page 172:

The Bark, which had been ineffectual in the Intermittents of the former Year, was successful in this.

1733, John Arbuthnot, chapter 6, in An Essay concerning the Effects of Air on Human Bodies, London: J. Tonson, page 144:

In disease, the agency of this system of vessels is an object of attentive study with the pathologist. To its influence in inflammation, we have already alluded; but it is no less exemplified in the more general diseases of the frame, as in the cold, hot, and sweating stages of an intermittent.

1832, Robley Dunglison, “Circulation”, in Human Physiology, volume 2, Philadelphia: Carey & Lea, page 146:

(medicine, dated) An intermittent fever or disease.


transmission

transmission (countable and uncountable, plural transmissions)

Borrowed from Latin transmissionem (accusative of transmissio), from transmittere.

monochromated scanning transmission electron microscope

(medicine, biology) The passing of a communicable disease from an infected host individual or group to a conspecific individual or group.


twitch

twitch (countable and uncountable, plural twitches)

From Middle English twicchen, from Old English *twiċċan, from Proto-West Germanic *twikkijan (“to nail, pin, fasten, clasp, pinch”).
Cognate with English tweak, Low German twikken, German Low German twicken (“to pinch, pinch off”), zweckōn and gizwickan (> German zwicken (“to pinch”)).

cog

(physiology) A brief, contractile response of a skeletal muscle elicited by a single maximal volley of impulses in the neurons supplying it.

rare

refers to twitching of muscles adter death


VIN

(medicine) Acronym of vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia.


SBS

sick building syndrome
sick building syndrome#English

(pathology) Initialism of sick building syndrome, health effects experienced by building occupants that appear to be linked to time spent in a building.

shaken baby syndrome
shaken baby syndrome#English

(pathology) Initialism of shaken baby syndrome.

short bowel syndrome
short bowel syndrome#English

(pathology) Initialism of short bowel syndrome.


obliteration

en-noun

obliteration (countable and uncountable, plural obliterations)

(medicine) The cancellation of the function, structure, or both of a vessel or organ; for example, the occlusion of the lumen of a duct, blood vessel, or lymphatic vessel, be it solely functional (as when squeezed by nearby mass effect or inflammation) or both structural and functional (as when clogged with thrombus, embolus, or fibrosis).


repressed

en-adj

repressed (comparative more repressed, superlative most repressed)

more repressed (comparative)
most repressed (superlative)

(medicine) Showing the suppression of emotions or impulses.


genotoxic

genotoxic (comparative more genotoxic, superlative most genotoxic)

more genotoxic (comparative)
most genotoxic (superlative)

(oncology) Capable of damaging genetic material such as DNA, and thus causing mutations or possibly cancer.


grey matter

(neuroanatomy) A collection of cell bodies and (usually) dendritic connections, in contrast to white matter.


obstetrics

Coordinate term: gynecology

(medicine) The care of women during and after pregnancy.


obstetrician

/ˌɒbstəˈtɹɪʃən/

/ˌɑbstəˈtɹɪʃən/

The preference for tightness during intercourse is so well known in Western culture that U.S. obstetricians even have a term for the extra stitch they often perform when doing episiotomy repairs following childbirth: the "husband's stitch." The husband's stitch is intended to produce a smaller vaginal opening, to counteract the natural stretching of the tissues from sexual activity and childbirth and even to make the opening more constricted than it might have been before.

2001, Ellen Gruenbaum, The Female Circumcision Controversy: An Anthropological Perspective:

“Each time they’d build, they’d try to outbuild all the rest of them,” said Dr. Randall F. Hipple, a retired obstetrician who helped establish a seven-block stretch of the street as a National Historic District.

2007 July 20, Dave Caldwell, “Williamsport, Pa.: Home of True Small Ball”, in The New York Times:

(medicine) A physician who specializes in childbirth.

մանկաբարձ

a physician who specializes in childbirth


prevention

en-noun

prevention (countable and uncountable, plural preventions)

/pɹɪˈvɛnʃən/

From Middle English prevencion, from Medieval Latin prēventiō.

an ounce of prevention is better than an ounce of cure

an ounce of prevention is better than a pound of cure

an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure

Whatever cures are known, and preventions that are practiced now, could have been common knowledge centuries ago.

1933, David Marshall Brooks, The Necessity of Atheism:

(medicine) Any measure intended to limit health-related risks (such as information campaigns, vaccination, early diagnosis etc.).


invasion

invasion (countable and uncountable, plural invasions)

From Middle French invasion, from Late Latin invāsiōnem, accusative of invāsiō.

The histological diagnosis of PC is currently restricted to lesions showing unequivocal extra-parathyroidal growth, as evidenced by perineural invasion, full thickness capsular invasion with growth into adjacent tissues, extratumoral vascular invasion, or metastasis.

2015 September 8, Filomena Cetani et al., “A nonfunctioning parathyroid carcinoma misdiagnosed as a follicular thyroid nodule”, in World Journal of Surgical Oncology, volume 13, →DOI:

(medicine) The spread of cancer cells, bacteria and such to the organism.

(surgery) The breaching of the skin barrier.


asthenozoospermia

Infertility was caused by fallopian tube dysfunction and/or male-related factors (a diagnosis of asthenozoospermia and/or asthenoteratozoospermia or azoospermia according to the WHO Laboratory Manual for the Examination and Processing of Human Semen).

2015 July 25, “Clinical Outcomes of In Vitro Fertilization among Chinese Infertile Couples Treated for Syphilis Infection”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(pathology) Condition in which a large proportion of spermatozoa produced in an ejaculate possess poor motility.


seminiferous

en-adj

seminiferous (comparative more seminiferous, superlative most seminiferous)

more seminiferous (comparative)
most seminiferous (superlative)

From Late Latin sēminiferus (“carrying semen”).

uder

(anatomy) conveying, containing, bearing, or producing semen or seminal fluid


automaticity

en-noun

automaticity (countable and uncountable, plural automaticities)

(medicine) The ability of the heart muscles to contract independently of each other when separated or in unison when reattached in whole or in groups.


amniotic fluid embolism

amniotic fluid embolism (plural amniotic fluid embolisms)

(pathology) A complication of pregnancy characterized by movement of amniotic fluid past the placenta


chronotropic

/ˌkɹɒn.əˈtɹəʊ.pɪk/

From chrono- (“referring to time”) + -tropic (“affecting, changing”), from Ancient Greek χρόνος (khrónos, “time”) + τρόπος (trópos, “turn, direction, way”) + -ικός (-ikós, “-ic”, adjectival suffix).

af

(physiology) Of, relating to, or affecting the rate of muscular contraction, especially of the heart.


condyle

From French condyle, from Latin condylus, from Ancient Greek κόνδυλος (kóndulos, “knuckle”).

der

“It's the upper condyle of a human femur,” said I.

1927, Arthur Conan Doyle, The Adventure of Shoscombe Old Place, Norton, published 2005, page 1717:

(anatomy) A smooth prominence on a bone where it forms a joint with another bone.


decubitis

(medicine) Inflammation caused by a reclined position of the body, especially the complications of bed-ridden patients, such as bedsores.


decubitis

(medicine) A reclined position of the body.


fester

Inherited from Middle English festre, festur, borrowed from Old French festre (cognate with Italian fistola, Occitan fistola, Spanish fístula), from Latin fistula. The verb is derived from the noun, while the “condition of something that festers” noun sense is derived from the verb. Doublet of fistula.

The larger the Spider, the warmer the climate or season of the year, and the more susceptible the wounded individual, so much worse will the effects be; and it is no therefore no wonder that people who would have a fester from a simple prick with a needle, should feel more violent effects from the bite of a Spider.

1848, Samuel Maunder, “SPIDERS. (Arachnida.)”, in The Treasury of Natural History; or, A Popular Dictionary of Animated Nature: In which the Zoological Characteristics that Distinguish the Different Classes, Genera, and Species, are Combined with a Variety of Interesting Information Illustrative of the Habits, Instincts, and General Economy of the Animal Kingdom. To which are Added, a Syllabus of Practical Taxidermy, and a Glossarial Appendix. …, London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, Paternoster-Row, →OCLC, page 637, column 1:

While to the fingers and toes, which are frequently the seat of spontaneous festers, &c., irritation is kept up [if a hot poultice is applied], the skin is thickened, and rendered less liable to be permeated by matter; the heat is driven down the soft structures to the very bones and joints, and a portion of them may be lost in consequence.

1861, Benjamin Ridge, “Medical and Self Torture”, in Ourselves, Our Food, and Our Physic, London: Chapman and Hall, 193 Piccadilly, →OCLC, page 68:

He has been away so long and so often, there has been such mismanagement under a long minority, such changes and such misrule, such a hard hand and such a high hand, that the whole place is a fester.

1864 July, “The Rim. Part III.—Conclusion.”, in The Atlantic Monthly. A Magazine of Literature, Art, and Politcs, volume XIV, number LXXXI, Boston, Mass.: Ticknor and Fields, 135, Washington Street; London: Trübner and Company, →OCLC, page 68:

(pathology) A sore or an ulcer of the skin.


multiplex

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From multi- + -plex or multi- + complex.

Supporting an additive model, simplex families […] have less impairment than multiplex families (those with two or more individuals affected) in language processing.

2009, The American Psychiatric Publishing Textbook of Psychopharmacology, page 951:

(medicine) Having multiple members with a particular condition.


meta-

From Ancient Greek μετα- (meta-), from μετά (metá), from Mycenaean Greek 𐀕𐀲 (me-ta), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *meth₂ (“in the middle”).


mets

Mets can be found in multiple organs.

(medicine, colloquial) Clipping of metastases.


trop

(medicine, colloquial) Abbreviation of troponin.


bloat

en-verb

bloat (third-person singular simple present bloats, present participle bloating, simple past and past participle bloated)

bloats (present singular third-person)
bloating (participle present)
bloated (participle past)
bloated (past)

Perhaps from Middle English blot, blout (“soft; flexible; pliable”), from Old Norse blautr (“soft”). Akin to Danish blød, Dutch bloot (“nude”) and German bloß (“nude”).

(intransitive, veterinary medicine) To get an overdistended rumen, talking of a ruminant.


bloat

en-noun

bloat (countable and uncountable, plural bloats)

(veterinary medicine) Pathological overdistention of rumen with gas in a ruminant.


diluent

Latin diluens, from diluere. See dilute.

But the case was pressing, and the nearest medical practitioner was sent for. On examining the throat, he expressed his desire that a physician should be called in, and accordingly a gentleman, duly authorized, made his appearance, and prescribed gargles and diluents secundem artem.

1842, [anonymous collaborator of Letitia Elizabeth Landon], chapter XXIV, in Lady Anne Granard; or, Keeping up Appearances. […], volume II, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, pages 230-231:

(medicine) An agent used for effecting dilution of the blood; a weak drink.


EOI

EOI manifests itself by over-emotionality, excessive self-sacrifice, over-identification, and extreme overprotective behavior with the patient.

2012 January–March, Anekal C. Amaresha, Ganesan Venkatasubramanian, “Expressed Emotion in Schizophrenia: An Overview”, in Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, volume 34, number 1, Thousand Oaks, C.A.: Sage Publishing, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC, →PMID, page 14, column 1:

(psychiatry) Initialism of emotional over-involvement.


procedure

procedure (countable and uncountable, plural procedures)

/pɹəˈsiːd͡ʒə/

/pɹəˈsid͡ʒɚ/

From French procédure, from Old French, from Latin procedere (“to go forward, proceed”); see proceed.

method

although some of these have slightly differing meanings in some programming languages


ricin

It had to be one of three things: A hoax. Or anthrax, which meant I’d have to go on Cipro for a month. Or if it was ricin, I was dead, so bye-bye.

2021 January 24, Donald G. McNeil Jr, “Fauci on What Working for Trump Was Really Like”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

(biochemistry, toxicology) An extremely toxic lectin extracted from the castor bean.


flatline

From flat + line. Refers to a continuous straight line (asystole) on an ECG (EKG) or EEG, indicating death.

(medicine, cardiology) An asystole; the absence of heart contractions or brain waves.

The disappearance of the rhythmic peaks displayed on a heart monitor.

When brain function ceases, the electroencephalogram shows flatline recordings.

1972, Louis Lasagna, “Aging and the field of medicine”, in Matilda White Riley, Anne Foner, editors, Aging and Society: Aging and the professions, page 68:

The disappearance of brain waves on an electroencephalogram.


flatline

en-verb

flatline (third-person singular simple present flatlines, present participle flatlining, simple past and past participle flatlined)

flatlines (present singular third-person)
flatlining (participle present)
flatlined (participle past)
flatlined (past)

(intransitive, medicine, cardiology, of the heart) To stop beating.

(intransitive, medicine, cardiology, by extension) To die.


asystole

(pathology, cardiology) An absence of a systole; a failure of the heart to contract.


systole

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Borrowed from New Latin, from Ancient Greek συστολή (sustolḗ), from συστέλλω (sustéllō, “to contract”), from σύν (sún, “together”) + στέλλω (stéllō, “to send”).

[…] I did almoſt beleeve, that the motion of the Heart vvas knovvn to God alone: For neither could I rightly diſtinguiſh, vvhich vvay the Diaſtole and Systole came to be, nor vvhen nor vvhere the dilation and conſtriction had its exiſtence.

1653, William Harvey, “The Causes which Mov’d the Author to Write”, in [anonymous], transl., The Anatomical Exercises of Dr. William Harvey […] Concerning the Motion of the Heart and Blood. […], London: […] Francis Leach, for Richard Lownes […], →OCLC, pages 1–2:

A double systole catapulted him into full consciousness again, and he promised his uncorrected self that he would limit his daily ration of cigarettes to a couple of heartbeats.

1972, Vladimir Nabokov, Transparent Things, McGraw-Hill, published 1972, pages 78–9:

There is no essential virtue in comfort. To be relaxed is good if it is part of a process of systole and diastole. Relaxation comes between phases of tenseness.

1974, Anthony Burgess, The Clockwork Testament:

(physiology) The rhythmic contraction of the heart, by which blood is driven through the arteries.


infratentorial

(anatomy) Below the tentorium cerebelli.


inotropic

/ˌɪn.əˈtɹəʊ.pɪk/

From Ancient Greek ἴς (ís, “sinew, tendon; strength, force”) + -tropic (“affecting, changing”), from Ancient Greek τρόπος (trópos, “turn, direction, way”) + -ικός (-ikós, “-ic”, adjectival suffix).

af

<i class="Latn mention" lang="en">-ic</i>

(physiology) Increasing or decreasing the force of muscular contractions.

inotropo

increasing or decreasing the force of muscular contractions


inotropic

/ˌɪn.əˈtɹəʊ.pɪk/

(medicine, pharmacology) An inotropic heart drug.


monkey jacket

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-monkey jacket.wav


FOB

en-noun

FOB (countable and uncountable, plural FOBs)

fecal occult blood
fecal occult blood#English

(pathology) Abbreviation of fecal occult blood.


monogenesis

monogenesis (usually uncountable, plural monogeneses)

/mɒnəˈd͡ʒɛnəsɪs/

(biology, medicine) Development of the ovum from a parent like itself.

(biology, medicine) Asexual/nonsexual reproduction, which involves only one parent.


ligament

From Middle English ligament, from Latin ligāmentum, from ligō (“tie, bind”).

It so chanced that at this juncture the decayed ligaments of the skeleton gave way, and the dry bones fell together in a heap, thus causing the dusty wreath of cypress to drop upon the table.

1846, Nathaniel Hawthorne, “The Christmas Banquet”, in Mosses from an Old Manse:

(anatomy) A band of strong tissue that connects bones to other bones.

ligament

band of strong tissue that holds the bones of an animal in position


out of joint

I fell over and put my shoulder out of joint.

Fla[via]. Come, Sir Pergamus, till your horse come, you and I'll go play at shuttle-cock. / Per[gamus]. A match i'faith. I love that sport a' life. Yet my mother charged me not to use it for fear of putting my arm out of joint.

c. 1604–1626, doubtfully attributed to Francis Beaumont, John Fletcher, “The Faithful Friends”, in Henry [William] Weber, editor, The Works of Beaumont and Fletcher, in Fourteen Volumes: […], volume I, Edinburgh: […] F[rancis] C[harles] and J[ohn] Rivington; […], published 1812, →OCLC, Act II, scene ii, page 50:


teleradiology

Holonyms: telehealth, telemedicine

(medicine) Radiology services provided remotely via telecommunications: a means of electronically transmitting radiologic images and consultative text from location to another, even over long distances.


USS

Upshaw-Schulman syndrome
Upshaw-Schulman syndrome#English

(pathology) Initialism of Upshaw-Schulman syndrome.


ovary

From New Latin ovarium, from Medieval Latin ovaria (“bird ovary”), from Latin ovum (“egg”). Doublet of ovarium.

The male testicles are homologous to the female ovaries.

(anatomy) A female reproductive organ, often paired, that produces ova in most animals, and in mammals, secretes the hormones estrogen and progesterone.


ovum

Borrowed from Latin ōvum (“egg”). Doublet of egg, ey, huevo, and oeuf.

Coordinate term: spermatozoon

(cytology) The female gamete in animals; the egg cell.


infection

infection (countable and uncountable, plural infections)

From Old French infection, from Late Latin īnfectiō.

Coordinate term: colonization (subclinical or commensal)

(pathology) The act or process of infecting.


massive

en-adj

massive (comparative more massive, superlative most massive)

more massive (comparative)
most massive (superlative)

insubstantial

antonym(s) of “of or pertaining to a large mass”

inconsequential

antonym(s) of “of great significance or import”

From Middle English massif, from Middle French massif, equivalent to mass + -ive. The Irish sense is possibly derived from Irish mas (“fine, handsome”).

massief

of great size, significance or import; overwhelming

gravitationally interacting massive particle

massive astronomical compact halo object

massive astrophysical compact halo object

robust association of massive baryonic objects

super weakly interacting massive particle

a massive heart attack

(medicine) Affecting a large portion of the body, or severe.


rhinotillexomania

/ˌɹaɪnəʊtɪˌlɛksəˈmeɪniə/

/ˌɹaɪnəʊtɪˌlɛksəˈmeɪnjə/

From rhino- (“nose, nasal”) + Latin tillexis (“habit of plucking”, see below) + -o- + -mania (“obsession”).
The tillexis part is seemingly a New Latin borrowing from Ancient Greek τίλλω (tíllō, “I pluck or pull”). There is divergence about the "exo" affix. It is suggested it might come from ἔξω (éxō, “out”) or έξη (éxē, “habit”)

der

(psychiatry) Compulsive nose-picking, insertion of finger into one's nose.


wilt

en-noun

wilt (countable and uncountable, plural wilts)

Recorded since 1691, probably an alteration of welk, itself from Middle English welken, presumed from Middle Dutch (preserved in modern inchoative verwelken) or Middle Low German welken (“to wither”), cognate with Old High German irwelhen (“to become soft”).

cog

(phytopathology) Any of various plant diseases characterized by wilting.


keyhole surgery

en-noun

keyhole surgery (plural keyhole surgeries)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-keyhole surgery.wav

(medicine) Surgery using a fibre optic laparoscope through a small incision, either for examination or treatment.


remission

remission (countable and uncountable, plural remissions)

/ɹɪˈmɪʃ(ə)n/

/ɹəˈmɪʃ(ə)n/

From Middle English remissioun (“release from duty; freeing of captives; mercy, pardon, respite; forgiveness; release from or reduction of penances; reduction in intensity (of a quality, symptom, etc.); transfer of property, quitclaim; legal opinion or submission; reference, cross-reference”) [and other forms], from Anglo-Norman remission, remissione, remissioun, remissiun and Middle French, Old French remission (“forgiveness of sin; pardoning of an offence; postponement; cessation, suspension; diminishing or weakening of something; reduction of debt; reduction in intensity of a disease or symptom”) (modern French rémission), and their etymon Late Latin remissiō (“forgiveness; pardon of sins”), Latin remissiō (“release; sending back; easing off, relaxing, softening; reduction of debt; reduction in intensity of a disease or symptom”), from remittō (“to remit, send back; to diminish; to relax; to do without, forego”) + -siō. Remittō is derived from re- (prefix meaning ‘back, backwards’) + mittō (“to cause to go; to send; to discharge, emit, let go, release; to throw; to extend, reach out; to announce, tell; to produce, yield; to attend, escort, guide; to dismiss, disregard; to end”) (possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *meyth₂- (“to change, exchange; to change places, go past”) or *(s)meyt- (“to throw”)).
The English word is cognate with Catalan remissió, Italian remissioni, remissione (“remission; withdrawal of legal action; compliance, submission”), Old Occitan remessió, Portuguese remisson, remissão (“pardon; remission”), Spanish remisión (“remission”).

nb...

remiscioun, remisiun, remission, remissiun, remissyon, remyscioun, remyscyon, remyscyoun, remyssion, remyssioun, remyssyon, remyssyoun, remyssyoune

Zurücksendung

act of remitting, returning, or sending back

Her cancer was in remission.

It was always dangerous, though perhaps leſs ſo, than other ſymptoms which was leſs alarming, particularly if it ſuffered increaſe and diminution with the paroxyſms and remiſſions of the diſeaſe.

1791, Robert Jackson, “Of Prognostic in the Fevers of Jamaica”, in A Treatise on the Fevers of Jamaica, with Some Observations on the Intermitting Fever of America, […], London: Printed for J[ohn] Murray, […], →OCLC, page 182:

When Dr. Willis speaks of relapses, does he mean relapses after a cessation of the disorder, or after a remission of the disorder?—Certainly after a remission, his Majesty's disorder has never ceased.

1810 December 20, Robert Darling Willis (witness), “Report of the Committee Appointed to Examine the King’s [George III’s] Physicians”, in T[homas] C[urson] Hansard, editor, Cobbett’s Parliamentary Debates […] (House of Lords), volume XVIII, London: Printed by T[homas] C[urson] Hansard, […]; for Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, & Browne; [et al.], published 1811, →OCLC, column 215:

Sometimes also slow fevers infest the body without any remission, so that there is no time afforded either for food or physic.

1840, Aul[us] Corn[elius] Celsus, “Book III”, in G. F. Collier, transl., A Translation of the Eight Books of Aul. Corn. Celsus on Medicine, 3rd revised and improved edition, London: Printed by A[braham] J[ohn] Valpy, […]; sold by Longman & Co., Whittaker & Co., and Simpkin & Marshall, →OCLC, paragraph IX, page 92:

Yet again, in true general paralysis, remissions occur, and in these remissions most of the pupillary symptoms disappear, to return with the onset of fresh activity of the disease.

1902 July, T. P. Cowen, “Pupillary Symptoms in the Insane, and Their Import”, in Henry Rayner, A. R. Urquhart, Conolly Norman, editors, The Journal of Mental Science, volume XLVIII, number 166 (number 202 overall), London: J[ohn] & A[ugustus] Churchill, […], →ISSN, →OCLC, page 506:

When lymphoma is being treated, the fundamental goals of chemotherapy are to introduce a complete and durable (>6 months) first remission (termed induction), to reinduce a remission when the disease recurs (or the patient experiences relapse) following remission (termed reinduction), and, finally, to induce remission when the cancer fails to respond to induction or reinduction therapy using drugs not included in the initial protocols (termed rescue).

2014, David M. Vail, “Rescue Therapy for Canine Lymphoma”, in John D. Bonagura, David C. Twedt, editors, Kirk’s Current Veterinary Therapy, volume XV, St. Louis, Mo.: Elsevier Saunders, →ISBN, section IV (Oncology and Hematology), page 381, column 1:

A lessening of amount due, as in either money or work, or intensity of a thing.

(medicine) An abatement or lessening of the manifestations of a disease; a period where the symptoms of a disease are absent.


knockdown

en-noun

knockdown (countable and uncountable, plural knockdowns)

(genetics) A genetically modified organism that carries one or more genes in its chromosomes that have been made less active or had their expression reduced.

(genetics) The use of a reagent such as an oligonucleotide with sequence complementary to an active gene or its mRNA transcript, to interfere with the expression of said gene.


knockdown

en-verb

knockdown (third-person singular simple present knockdowns, present participle knockdowning, simple past and past participle knockdowned)

knockdowns (present singular third-person)
knockdowning (participle present)
knockdowned (participle past)
knockdowned (past)

(genetics) To employ the knockdown technique


convergence

en-noun

convergence (countable and uncountable, plural convergences)

From converge + -ence (after Latin convergentia).

(physiology) The coordinated focusing of the eyes, especially at short range.


yellow fever

The town up the road was overcome by yellow fever, he said. All travelers warned away.

2016, Colson Whitehead, The Underground Railroad, Fleet (2017), page 257:

(pathology) An acute febrile illness of tropical regions, caused by a flavivirus (Yellow fever virus) and spread by certain mosquitoes, characterised by jaundice, black vomit and the absence of urination.


yellow card

→ Japanese: イエローカード (ierōkādo)

→ Korean: 옐로카드 (yellokadeu)

/ˈjɛl.əʊ ˌkɑːd/

(medicine) one of various yellow-colored cards used to verify the healthiness, vaccination status or other medical info of travelers.

(medicine, UK) a form to record safety concerns and adverse reactions to medicinal drugs.


volar

(anatomy) Pertaining to the palm of the hand or the sole of the foot.


toponym

Back-formation from toponymy. By surface analysis, topo + -nym.

(anatomy) The technical designation of any region of an animal.


manifestation

manifestation (countable and uncountable, plural manifestations)

From Middle English manifestacion, manyfestacion, manyfestacioun, from Late Latin manifestātiō. In the political sense, a semantic loan from French manifestation. By surface analysis, manifest + -ation.

(medicine) The symptoms or observable conditions which are seen as a result of some disease.

симптом

medicine: symptoms or observable conditions


rumination

rumination (countable and uncountable, plural ruminations)

/ˌɹuːmɪˈneɪʃən/

From Latin rūminātio (“chewing the cud”); see ruminate.

(pathology) An eating disorder characterized by repetitive regurgitation of small amounts of food from the stomach.


protraction

protraction (countable and uncountable, plural protractions)

(anatomy) An anterior movement on the horizontal plane; The forward movement of the tongue or of a limb.


insert

From Latin insertus, past participle of inserō, from in- + serō (“join, bind together, connect, entwine, interweave”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ser- (“to bind, put together, to line up”). Compare exsert.

der

(genetics) A sequence of DNA inserted into another DNA molecule.


profunda

(anatomy) A deep-seated artery, as of the arm, neck, or leg.


presynaptic

(cytology) In a synapse, of or pertaining to the neuron that releases neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft.


uvula

en-noun

uvula (plural uvulae or uvulas or (obsolete) uvulæ)

uvulae (plural)
uvulas (plural)
uvulæ (obsolete plural)

Borrowed from Late Latin ūvula, diminutive of ūva (“grape”).

(anatomy) Ellipsis of palatine uvula.: the fleshy appendage that hangs from the back of the soft palate, that closes the nasopharynx during swallowing

palatine uvula

(anatomy) the slight elevation in the mucous membrane immediately behind the internal urethral orifice of the urinary bladder, caused by the middle lobe of the prostate


relapse

en-verb

relapse (third-person singular simple present relapses, present participle relapsing, simple past and past participle relapsed)

relapses (present singular third-person)
relapsing (participle present)
relapsed (participle past)
relapsed (past)

From Latin relapsus, past participle of relabi (“to slide back, fall back”), from re- (“back”) + labi (“to slip, slide, fall”).

(intransitive, medicine, of a disease) To recur; to worsen, be aggravated (after a period of improvement).


relapse

(medicine) An occasion when a person becomes ill again after a period of improvement


ruptured membrane

en-noun

ruptured membrane (plural ruptured membranes)

(pathology) During pregnancy, a premature rupture in which amniotic fluid is discharged from the uterus and vagina putting encumbent infant at risk for infection.


PGP

PGP (countable and uncountable, plural PGPs)

(medicine, countable) Initialism of pelvic girdle pain.


UI

UI (countable and uncountable, plural UIs)

(medicine) Initialism of urinary incontinence.


pseudoephedrine

pseudoephedrine (countable and uncountable, plural pseudoephedrines)

(pharmacology) A sympathomimetic alkaloid commonly used as a decongestant; a chemical compound, an isomer of ephedrine, with the formula C₁₀H₁₅NO.


washout

washout (countable and uncountable, plural washouts)

huuhtoutuminen

erosion of a relatively soft surface by a sudden gush of water; channel produced by this action

A period between clinical treatments in which any medication delivered as the first treatment is allowed to be eliminated from a person's body before the second treatment begins.

puhdistusjakso

a bladder washout

(also biology) The cleaning of matter from a physiological system using a fluid; also, the fluid used for such cleaning; or the matter cleaned out from the system.

huuhtelu

cleaning of matter from a physiological system using a fluid; fluid used for such cleaning; matter cleaned out from the system


wasted

en-adj

wasted (comparative more wasted, superlative most wasted)

more wasted (comparative)
most wasted (superlative)

(medicine) Low weight-for-height (for a person).


maidenhead

en-noun

maidenhead (countable and uncountable, plural maidenheads)

Ay, the heads of the maids, or their maidenheads; take it in what sense thou wilt.

c. 1591–1595 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Romeo and Ivliet”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i]:


serous

en-adj

serous (comparative more serous, superlative most serous)

more serous (comparative)
most serous (superlative)

From French séreux, from Latin serosus, from serum.

(medicine) Containing, secreting, or resembling serum; watery; a fluid or discharge that is pale yellow and transparent, usually representing something of a benign nature. (This contrasts with the term sanguine, which means blood-tinged and usually harmful.)

séreux

containing, secreting, or resembling serum


paroxysm

en-noun

paroxysm (countable and uncountable, plural paroxysms)

/ˈpɛɹəkˌsɪzəm/

From Late Middle English paroxism, paroxisme (“period of worsening of a disease, attack; sudden recurrent fever”), from Middle French paroxisme, paroxysme, and Old French peroxime (“period of worsening of a disease; bout of fever or illness”) (modern French paroxysme), and from their etymon Late Latin paroxismus, paroxysmus (“a fit; onset of a disease; violent impulse or sadness”), from Ancient Greek πᾰροξῠσμός (păroxŭsmós, “exasperation, irritation; severe fit of a disease”), from πᾰροξῡ́νω (păroxū́nō, “to irritate, provoke”) (from παρα- (para-, prefix meaning ‘parallel to but separate from or going beyond, beside’) + ὀξῡ́νω (oxū́nō, “to provoke; to sharpen”) (from ὀξῠ́ς (oxŭ́s, “sharp”), probably ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ- (“sharp”))) + -μός (-mós, suffix forming abstract nouns). By surface analysis, para- + oxy- + -ism.

surf

Againe; I feare a paroxiſme.

1605 (first performance), Ben[jamin] Jonson, Ben: Ionson His Volpone or The Foxe, [London]: […] [George Eld] for Thomas Thorppe, published 1607, →OCLC, Act III, scene v, signature G3, recto:

For, Sir, though Ireland is always combustible, Ireland is not always on fire. We must distinguish between the chronic complaints which are to be attributed to remote causes, and the acute attack which is brought on by recent imprudence. For though there is always a predisposition to disease in that unhappy society, the violent paroxysms come only at intervals.

1844 February 19 (date delivered), [Thomas Babington] Macaulay, “[Speeches.] A Speech Delivered in the House of Commons on the 19th of February 1844.”, in T[homas] F[lower] E[llis], editor, The Miscellaneous Writings and Speeches of Lord Macaulay, new edition, London: Longman, Green, Reader, & Dyer, published 1871, →OCLC, page 647:

His malady proved to be a softening of the spinal marrow: it was incurable; it made rapid progress. […] [A]ll this, and suffering, besides this, at short intervals, paroxysms of nervous agony.

1865, Matthew Arnold, “Heinrich Heine”, in Essays in Criticism, London: Macmillan and Co. […], →OCLC, page 165:

The slightest effort made the patient cough. He would stand leaning on a stick and holding a hand to his side, and when the paroxysm had passed it left him shaking.

1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter XLV, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC, pages 374–375:

(countable, medicine) A period (especially one of several recurring periods) during the course of an illness when symptoms worsen; a sudden attack of a disease symptom, such as a bout of coughing or a seizure.

نَوْبَة

period (especially one of several recurring periods) during the course of an illness when symptoms worsen; sudden attack of a disease symptom


tramline

a tramline scar

The well-reported "tramlines" or parallel punctate scars on either side of the vein were seen in only four patients.

1970 June 13, Dorothy I. Vollum, “Skin Lesions in Drug Addicts”, in British Medical Journal, volume 2, number 5710, London: British Medical Association, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 647:

(medicine) A mark or bruise having the shape of two parallel lines.


IR

en-noun

IR (countable and uncountable, plural IRs)

(pharmacology) Initialism of immediate release.


tetralogy

/tɛˈtɹæləd͡ʒi/

duology

A set of four works of art that are connected, and that can be seen either as a single work or as four individual works. They are commonly found in literature, film, or video games.; A group of four dramas, three tragic and one satiric, exhibited together at the festivals of Dionysus at Athens.

(medicine) A combination of four symptoms.

(medicine, colloquial) Tetralogy of Fallot.


particulate

en-adj

particulate (comparative more particulate, superlative most particulate)

more particulate (comparative)
most particulate (superlative)

From New Latin particulatus, from particula, diminutive of pars.

The rudiments of particulate inheritance were dimly understood already by the breeders of cattle and apples, but nobody was being systematic.

1999, Matt Ridley, Genome, Harper Perennial, published 2004, page 41:

(genetics) Pertaining to heritable characteristics which are attributable discretely to either one or another of an offspring's parents, rather than a blend of the two.


dystocia

en-noun

dystocia (countable and uncountable, plural dystocias)

From Ancient Greek δυστοκία (dustokía, “difficult childbirth”), from δυσ- (dus-, “bad”) + τόκος (tókos, “childbirth”), from τίκτω (tíktō, “I give birth”).

uder

In macaques, baboons and chimpanzees, dystocia because of breech birth is the commonest category of fetal death.[…]Breech dystocia is rarely a problem for mother or neonates in small, multitocus species like marmosets and tamarins.

2005, James Mahoney, “Primate Management: Medical Care”, in Sonia Wolfe-Coote, editor, The Laboratory Primate, page 256:

Dystocia is defined as difficult delivery. Pelvic dystocia is due to aberrations of the pelvic architecture and its relationship to the presenting fetal part.[…]Fetal dystocia may be due to excessive fetal size from gestational diabetes or congenital anomalies.

2006, Richard Aghababian, Essentials of Emergency Medicine, page 480:

Although fetal dystocias are sometimes relieved by manipulation and instrumentation, cesarean sections are often the only practical methods of treatment.

2008, Dan Rice, The Complete Book of Dog Breeding, 2nd edition, page 96:

It is an appropriate way to allow resolution of the dystocia, after clearing the airway and checking for a nuchal cord.
The prevailing thinking is that the time window in which to resolve a shoulder dystocia before asphyxial insult (not injury) is about 4 minutes.

2009, James A. O′Leary, Shoulder Dystocia and Birth Injury: Prevention and Treatment, page 102:

(medicine, veterinary medicine) A slow or difficult labour or delivery.


tuck

en-noun

tuck (countable and uncountable, plural tucks)

From Middle English tuken, touken (“to torment, to stretch (cloth)”), from Old English tūcian (“to torment, vex”) and Middle Dutch tucken (“to tuck”), both from Proto-Germanic *teuh-, *teug- (“to draw, pull”) (compare also *tukkōną), from Proto-Indo-European *dewk- (“to pull”). Akin to Old High German zucchen (“to snatch, tug”), zuchôn (“to jerk”), German Low German tuken (“to tug, pluck, grab and pull towards”), Old English tēon (“to draw, pull, train”). Doublet of touch.

cog

tummy tuck

(medicine, surgery) A plastic surgery technique to remove excess skin.


engaged

/ɪnˈɡeɪd͡ʒd/

/ɛnˈɡeɪd͡ʒd/

(medicine, of a foetus) Having the widest part of its presenting part, usually the head, enter the pelvic brim or inlet.


chthonophagia

(pathology) A disease characterized by the impulsive consumption of dirt, observed in some parts of the southern United States as well as the West Indies.


dangle

en-verb

dangle (third-person singular simple present dangles, present participle dangling, simple past and past participle dangled)

dangles (present singular third-person)
dangling (participle present)
dangled (participle past)
dangled (past)

Uncertain, but likely of North Germanic origin, akin to Danish dingle, dangle, Swedish dangla (“to swing about”), Norwegian dangla, perhaps via North Frisian dangeln; all possibly related to Old Norse dengja (“to hit”).

Record the time and duration of dangling, patient's pulse and respirations and patient's general tolerance of the procedure. […] The next step usually in getting the patient out of bed is sitting […]

1976, R. Winifred Heyward Johnson, Douglass W. Johnson, Introduction to Nursing Care, page 139:

[P]ivot to bring the patient's legs over the side of the bed. Be Smart! Stay with the patient as he dangles.

2012, Judith M. Wilkinson, Leslie S. Treas, Pocket Nursing Skills: What You Need to Know Now:

(medicine, intransitive) Of a patient: to be positioned with the legs hanging over the edge of the bed.

Using proper body mechanics for dangling a patient at the side of the bed.

(medicine, transitive) To position (a patient) in this way.


cyanose

cyanose (third-person singular simple present cyanoses, present participle cyanosing, simple past and past participle cyanosed)

cyanoses (present singular third-person)
cyanosing (participle present)
cyanosed (participle past)
cyanosed (past)

(pathology, transitive, intransitive) To turn blue due to cyanosis.


cyanosis

en-noun

cyanosis (countable and uncountable, plural cyanoses)

(pathology) A blue discolouration of the skin due to the circulation of blood low in oxygen.


chthonophagy

(pathology) Alternative form of chthonophagia


diglossia

From Latin diglōssia. In linguistics introduced 1959 by Charles A. Ferguson, based on French diglossie, from Ancient Greek δίγλωσσος (díglōssos, “bilingual”) + -ία (-ía). Equivalent to di- + -glossia.

der

(pathology) The presence of a cleft or doubled tongue.


aperient

Attested since the early 17th century, from Latin aperiens, present participle of aperire (“to open”).

[T]ouching the much vexed question of stimulants he relished a glass of choice old wine in season as both nourishing and bloodmaking and possessing aperient virtues (notably a good burgundy which he was a staunch believer in) […]

1922 February, James Joyce, “[Episode 8: Laestrygonians]”, in Ulysses, Paris: Shakespeare and Company, […], →OCLC, part II [Odyssey], page 171:

(medicine) Having a gentle laxative effect.


aperient

In its fresh vegetable state, chicory, or succory—the Cichorium Intybus of botanists, is said to be a good tonic, and to have the effect of an aperient.

1849 April 7, “The Outcry about Chicory”, in William, Robert Chambers, editors, Chambers’s Edinburgh Journal, volume XI, number 275 (New Series), Edinburgh: Published by William and Robert Chambers; London: W[illiam] S[omerville] Orr, →OCLC, page 217, column 1:

(medicine) A laxative, either in the form of a medicine or a food such as asparagus or hops, which has the effect of moving the bowels, or aiding digestion and preventing constipation.


vestibule

Early 17th century, borrowed from French vestibule (“entrance court”), from Latin vestibulum (“forecourt, entrance court; entrance”), from vestiō (“to dress, clothe, vest”) + -bulum (“place, location”, nominal suffix). Doublet of vestibulum.

նախասրահ

small entrance hall before main hall or lobby

(anatomy) Any of a number of body cavities or channels, serving as or resembling an entrance to another bodily space.

The central cavity of the bony labyrinth of the inner ear or the parts (such as the saccule and utricle) of the membranous labyrinth that it contains.

The part of the left ventricle below the aortic orifice.

The incision of the mucosa over the premaxilla is traced a millimetre or two from the furrow that marks the bottom of the barely-defined vestibule.

2001, René Malek, Cleft Lip and Palate: Lesions, Pathophysiology and Primary Treatment, page 79:

The part of the mouth outside the teeth and gums.

She spread her labia further, both sets of lips protecting the vestibule, the delicate area between them.

2021, Leone Ross, This One Sky Day, Faber & Faber Limited, page 318:

vulval vestibule
vulval vestibule#English

Clipping of vulval vestibule: the space in the vulva between the labia minora and into which both the urethra and vagina open.

vulval vestibule

The membrane of the vestibule in this animal is thrown into three folds. The margins of these folds, looking towards the vestibule, are approximated, and, following the law which is now known to regulate the formation of hollow tubes, doubtless unite and coalesce in the next higher species of fish.

1838, Joseph Garland, “Formation of the Ear”, in The Boston Medical and Surgical Journal, volume 17, page 333:

The Vestibule (vestibulum nasi). — The paired vestibule may be considered an antechamber to the nasal fossa.

1920, Jacob Parsons Schaeffer, The Nose, Paranasal Sinuses, Nasolacrimal Passageways, and Olfactory Organ in Man: A Genetic, Developmental, and Anatomico-physiological Consideration, page 73:


ridge

From Middle English rigge, rygge, (also rig, ryg, rug), from Old English hryċġ (“back, spine, ridge, elevated surface”), from Proto-West Germanic *hrugi, from Proto-Germanic *hrugjaz (“back”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)krewk-, *(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”).
Cognate with Scots rig (“back, spine, ridge”), North Frisian reg (“back”), West Frisian rêch (“back”), Dutch rug (“back, ridge”), German Rücken (“back, ridge”), Swedish rygg (“back, spine, ridge”), Icelandic hryggur (“spine”). Cognate to Albanian kërrus (“to bend one's back”) and kurriz (“back”).

inh

He thought it was no time to ſtay, / And let the Night too ſteal away, / But in a trice advanced the Knight, / Upon the Bare Ridge, Bolt upright, / And groping out for Ralpho’s Jade, / He found the Saddle too was ſtraid[…]

1677 (indicated as 1678), [Samuel Butler], “[The Third Part of Hudibras]. Canto I.”, in Hudibras. The Third and Last Part. […], London: […] Robert Horne, […], published 1679, →OCLC; republished in A[lfred] R[ayney] Waller, editor, Hudibras: Written in the Time of the Late Wars, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: University Press, 1905, →OCLC, pages 237–238:

(anatomy) The back of any animal; especially the upper or projecting part of the back of a quadruped.


vulva

en-noun

vulva (plural vulvas or vulvae or vulvæ)

vulvas (plural)
vulvae (plural)
vulvæ (plural)

Learned borrowing from Latin vulva, earlier volva (“womb, female sexual organ”), probably from volvō (“to turn, wrap around”). Akin to Sanskrit उल्ब (úlba, “womb”).

labioscrotal swelling - embryological precursors

The wedge-shaped character was the triangle, the archaic Paleolithic sign of the vulva; the pubic triangle was at the end of the phallic stylus.

1981, William Irwin Thompson, The Time Falling Bodies Take to Light: Mythology, Sexuality and the Origins of Culture, London: Rider/Hutchinson & Co., page 22:

Many of the less-sophisticated works are sexual in nature. Among the most common images are stylised vulvas, whole flocks of which appear on some cave walls.

2018, Tim Flannery, Europe: A Natural History, page 216:

(anatomy) The external female genitalia of humans and other placental mammals, which includes the clitoris, labia, and vulval vestibule/vulvar opening.

𒊩𒆷

collectively the external female sexual organs


tremor

From Middle English tremour (“fright”), from Anglo-Norman tremour and Old French tremor, from Latin tremor.

The optometrist has been losing patients ever since he developed tremors in his hand.

(medicine) A rhythmic, uncontrollable shaking of all or part of the body due to partial muscle contractions.


provocation

provocation (countable and uncountable, plural provocations)

/ˌpɹɑvəˈkeɪʃən/

/ˌpɹɒvəˈkeɪʃən/

From Middle English provocacioun, from Old French provocacion, from Late Latin prōvocātiō, prōvocātiōnem, from Latin prōvocō. Doublet of provokatsiya.

When it's time to check for provocation, ask the patient about what makes their chief complaint better or worse.

(emergency medicine) The second step in OPQRST regarding the investigation of what makes the symptoms MOI or NOI improve or deteriorate.


vertiginous

en-adj

vertiginous (comparative more vertiginous, superlative most vertiginous)

more vertiginous (comparative)
most vertiginous (superlative)

/vɜː(ɹ)ˈtɪd͡ʒɪnəs/

Pertaining to vertigo (in all its meanings).

(medicine) Inducing a feeling of giddiness, vertigo, dizziness or of whirling.


aspiration

en-noun

aspiration (countable and uncountable, plural aspirations)

From aspirate + -ion or borrowed from Latin aspīrātiō.

(medicine) The withdrawal of fluid, tissue, or other substance, usually through a hollow needle from a body cavity, cyst, or tumor.


recognition

recognition (usually uncountable, plural recognitions)

/ˌɹɛkəɡˈnɪʃən/

From Middle English recognicion, from Middle French recognicion, recognition and its etymon Latin recognitiōnem (accusative of recognitiō), from recognitus, past participle of recognōscere.

(immunology) The propriety consisting for antibodies to bind to some specific antigens and not to others.


whooping cough

whooping cough (countable and uncountable, plural whooping coughs)

/ˈhuːpɪŋ ˌkɔːf/

/ˈwʊpɪŋ ˌkɔf/

From whooping + cough, from the characteristic-sounding cough that is a major symptom.

(pathology) A contagious disease of the respiratory system that usually affects children caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis, the advanced stage of which is characterised by spasms of coughing followed by a whooping sound during the intake of breath.

百日咳

ひゃくにちぜき, hyakunichizeki, ひゃくにちせき, hyakunichiseki


probe

For verb: borrowed from Latin probare (“to test, examine, prove”), from probus (“good”). Doublet of prove.
For noun: borrowed from Late Latin proba (“a proof”), from probare (“to test, examine, prove”); Doublet of proof. Compare Spanish tienta (“a surgeon's probe”), from tentar (“try, test”); see tempt.

сонда

any of various medical instruments used to explore wounds, organs, etc

(surgery) Any of various medical instruments used to explore wounds, organs, etc.

You know, XR178.9, we haven't done any anal probes in a while.

2004 August 2, Bayard Russell, nonemorecomic:

You listen here! We don't do anal probes like other aliens, but I'm about to make an exception!

2009 September 14, Ryan Hudson, “Can I Abduct You?”, in ChannelATE:

(comedy, fiction) An anal probe, a fictional instrument commonly used by aliens on abducted humans.


red blood cell

(hematology, cytology) A type of cell in the blood of vertebrates that contains hemoglobin and transports oxygen from the lungs to the tissues; an erythrocyte.

كُرَيَّةُ دَمٍ حَمْرَاء

haemoglobin-carrying blood cell in vertebrates


anemia

en-noun

anemia (countable and uncountable, plural anemias or anemiae or anemiæ)

anemias (plural)
anemiae (plural)
anemiæ (plural)

→ Swahili: anemia

From Ancient Greek ἀναιμία (anaimía), from ἀν- (an-, “not”) + αἷμα (haîma, “blood”) + -ia; those roots are the basis of the English combining forms an- + -aemia/-emia.

(American spelling, uncountable, pathology) A medical condition in which the capacity of the blood to transport oxygen to the tissues is reduced, either because of too few red blood cells, or because of too little hemoglobin, resulting in pallor and fatigue.

anemi

medical condition with decreased oxygen transport

Pernicious anemia and sickle-cell anemia are two anemias.

(countable, pathology) A disease or condition that has anemia as a symptom.

貧血 /贫血

disease of condition with anemia as symptom


croup

From Scots croup, croop (“the croup”), from Scots croup, crowp, croop (“to croak, speak hoarsely, murmur, complain”), from Old Scots crowp, crope, croap (“to call loudly, croak”), alteration of rowp, roup, roip, rope (“to cry, cry hoarsely, roop”), from Middle English roupen, ropen, from Old English hrōpan (“to shout, proclaim; cry out, scream, howl”), from Proto-Germanic *hrōpaną (“to shout”), from Proto-Indo-European *ker-, *kor- (“to caw, crow”). More at roop.

der

(pathology) An infectious illness of the larynx, especially in young children, causing respiratory difficulty.


mononucleosis

en-noun

mononucleosis (usually uncountable, plural mononucleoses)

(pathology) A viral infection marked by extreme fatigue, high fever, and swollen lymph nodes.

單核細胞增多症 /单核细胞增多症

infectious mononucleosis, glandular fever

伝染性単核球症

でんせんせいたんかくきゅうしょう


buildup

buildup (countable and uncountable, plural buildups)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-buildup.wav

Blocking undercuts out with bonded flowable composite is an option, but the time involved doing a buildup, plus the additional complication to provisionalize, make this option less desirable (Figure 6.19e).

2017, Jose-Luis Ruiz, Supra-Gingival Minimally Invasive Dentistry, page 103:

(dentistry) The construction of a composite core to repair a damaged tooth.


wildfire

wildfire (countable and uncountable, plural wildfires)

From Old English wilde fȳr. Equivalent to wild + fire.

(dermatology) A spreading disease of the skin, particularly erysipelas.


febrile

en-adj

febrile (comparative more febrile, superlative most febrile)

more febrile (comparative)
most febrile (superlative)

Borrowed from Medieval Latin febrīlis, from Latin febris (“fever”).

(medicine) Involving fever as a symptom or cause.


endorse

en-verb

endorse (third-person singular simple present endorses, present participle endorsing, simple past and past participle endorsed)

endorses (present singular third-person)
endorsing (participle present)
endorsed (participle past)
endorsed (past)

Alteration influenced by Medieval Latin indorsare of Middle English endosse, from Old French endosser (“to put on the back”), from Latin dossum, alternative form of dorsum (“back”), from which also dorsal (“of the back”). That is, the ‘r’ was dropped in Latin dossum, which developed into Old French and then Middle English endosse, and then the ‘r’ was re-introduced into English via the Medieval Latin indorsare, which had retained the ‘r’. Note that the alternative spelling indorse also uses the initial ‘i’ from Latin (in-, rather than en-), but this form is now rare.

der

(medicine, transitive) To report (a symptom); to describe.


stool

en-noun

stool (countable and uncountable, plural stools)

From Middle English stool, stole, stol, from Old English stōl (“chair, seat, throne”), from Proto-West Germanic *stōl, from Proto-Germanic *stōlaz (“chair”) (compare West Frisian stoel, Dutch stoel, German Stuhl, Swedish/Norwegian/Danish stol, Finnish tuoli, Estonian tool), from Proto-Indo-European *stoh₂los (compare Lithuanian stálas, Russian стол (stol, “table”), Russian стул (stul, “chair”), Serbo-Croatian stol (“table”), Slovene stol (“chair”), Albanian kështallë (“crutch”), Ancient Greek στήλη (stḗlē, “block of stone used as a prop or buttress to a wall”)), from *steh₂- (“to stand”). More at stand.
The medical use derives from sense 2 (seat used for defecation).

cog

I provided the doctor with stool samples.

Two days prior to the consultation, an abdominal radiograph was done because the patient hadn't stooled in a week. No signs of obstruction and no abnormal accumulations of stool were found.

2014, David R. Fleisher, Management of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders in Children: Biopsychosocial Concepts for Clinical Practice, New York, N.Y.: Springer, →ISBN, page 79:

Normal stooling is widely variant. Some infants only have one stool per day, especially those on formula feeding. Others may stool with each feeding. Such frequent stooling is common in breast-fed infants during the first month of life.

2004, Gary A. Emmett, Field Guide to the Normal Newborn, Philadelphia, Pa.: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, →ISBN, page 132:

(chiefly medicine) A production of feces or excrement, an act of defecation, stooling.


stool

en-verb

stool (third-person singular simple present stools, present participle stooling, simple past and past participle stooled)

stools (present singular third-person)
stooling (participle present)
stooled (participle past)
stooled (past)

Infrequent stooling in the first month of life is almost always due to insufficient intake of milk. A baby who is voiding but not stooling or gaining weight may not be receiving enough high fat hindmilk. Stooling frequency will correct itself with additional feeds or making sure the infant receives more hind milk at a feed.

1999, Judith Lauwers with Debbie Shinskie, Counseling the Nursing Mother: A Lactation Consultant's Guide, 3rd edition, Sudbury, Mass.: Jones and Bartlett Publishers, →ISBN, page 204:

(chiefly medicine) To produce stool: to defecate.


toponymy

en-noun

toponymy (countable and uncountable, plural toponymies)

(anatomy) The nomenclature of anatomical regions.


adventitious

en-adj

adventitious (comparative more adventitious, superlative most adventitious)

more adventitious (comparative)
most adventitious (superlative)

From Medieval Latin adventītius (“coming from abroad, extraneous”), a corruption of Latin adventīcius (“foreign, strange, accidental”), from adventus (“arrival, coming, approach, advent”) + -īcius (suffix forming adjectives), from adveniō (“to arrive”) + -tus (suffix forming action nouns).

der

(genetics, medicine) Not congenital; acquired.


atrabilious

en-adj

atrabilious (comparative more atrabilious, superlative most atrabilious)

more atrabilious (comparative)
most atrabilious (superlative)

From Latin ātra bīlis (“black bile”) (āter (“dark, black”) + bīlis (“bile”)) + -ous (“full of”).

[I] could see nothing in the evidence which did persuade me to think them other than poor, melancholy, envious, mischievous, ill-disposed, ill-dieted, atrabilious constitutions.

1645, Arthur Wilson, quoted in Antonia Fraser, The Weaker Vessel: Woman's Lot in Seventeenth-century England, London: George Weidenfeld & Nicolson Ltd., 1984, ISBN 978-0-297-78381-7

In like manner, all the atrabilious diſeaſes require a regimen, nearly ſimilar, during the interval of the fits, to alter the atrabilious conſtitution which gives riſe to them all; but each requires a ſpecial method of cure, peculiarly adapted to the organ on which the fluxion falls after the fit is formed. Thus, e.g. the piles require a treatment different from a fit of the gout; and ſo of the others.

1781, William Grant, Some Observations on the Origin and Progress of the Atrabilious Constitution and Gout. Chap. IV. Containing the Regular, Cardinal Fit, London: Printed for T[homas] Cadell, in the Strand, →OCLC, pages 2–3:

(medicine, obsolete) Having an excess of black bile.


atrabiliousness

Furthermore, the urine of some was both profuse and pale, autopsies showed that the dead had very swollen liver, blackened heart emitting a pale yellow liquid and later, black blood, black and semiputrefied spleen and lungs; atrabiliousness could be seen in their blood vessels, the dry stomach and the rest of the body, wherever it was dissected, was extremely pale.

2001, Francisco Hernández with Rafael Chabrán, Cynthia L. Chamberlin, Simon Varey, transls., “On the Illness in New Spain in the Year 1576, Called Cocoliztli by the Indians”, in Simon Varey, editor, The Mexican Treasury: The Writings of Dr. Francisco Hernández, Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, →ISBN, page 84:

The fruits are small oranges and are used in mixtures serving as preservative, antidote to bacteria, softening of the heat effects of diseases, atrabiliousness, debility, and infirmity.

2010, Patrick E. Iroegbu, Healing Insanity: A Study of Igbo Medicine in Contemporary Nigeria, [Bloomington, Ind.]: Xlibris Corporation, →ISBN, page 488:

The state or quality of being atrabilious.

(medicine, obsolete) The state or quality of having an excess of black bile.


debag

en-verb

debag (third-person singular simple present debags, present participle debagging, simple past and past participle debagged)

debags (present singular third-person)
debagging (participle present)
debagged (participle past)
debagged (past)

(surgery) To perform blepharoplasty to remove eyebags.


photographic memory

en-noun

photographic memory (plural photographic memories)

(neuroscience) The ability to recall images, sounds, smells, or objects in memory with great accuracy and in seemingly unlimited volume.


resolution

resolution (countable and uncountable, plural resolutions)

/ˌɹɛzəˈluːʃ(ə)n/

Recorded since 1412, as Middle English resolucioun (“dissolution”), either from Anglo-Norman resolucion or directly from Latin resolūtiō (“a loosening, solution”), from resolvō (“I loosen”), itself from the intensive prefix re- + solvō (“I loosen”).

der

Holonyms: immunity, recovery, healing

(medicine) In a pathological process, the phase during which pathogens and damaged tissues are removed by macrophages.


latent

From Middle English latent, latente, from Old French latent, from Latin latēns, present participle of lateō (“lie hidden”).

2008 July 2, Joe Palca, “Scientists Make Herpes Breakthrough”, abstract, All Things Considered, National Public Radio
Those infected with a herpes virus are infected for life. That’s because the virus goes "latent." Sometimes, it awakes from its slumber, producing painful illnesses.

(pathology, of a virus) Remaining in an inactive or hidden phase; dormant.


cardinal symptom

en-noun

cardinal symptom (plural cardinal symptoms)

(medicine) The primary or major symptom by which a diagnosis is made

(homeopathy) The particular symptom which is regarded most important for choosing the curing substance


insular

en-adj

insular (comparative more insular, superlative most insular)

more insular (comparative)
most insular (superlative)

Borrowed from Latin insularis (“of or belonging to an island”), from insula (“an island”), perhaps, from in (“in”) + salum (“the main sea”).

bor

(anatomy) Relating to the insula in the brain.


specular

en-adj

specular (comparative more specular, superlative most specular)

more specular (comparative)
most specular (superlative)

From Latin speculāris, from speculum; and in some senses from speculārī (“to watch, observe”). Some later senses via French spéculaire.

a specular examination

(medicine) Of or relating to a speculum; conducted with the aid of a speculum.


dispersion

en-noun

dispersion (countable and uncountable, plural dispersions)

/dɪˈspɜːʒən/

From Middle English dispersioun, from Old French dispersion, from Latin dispersiō.


erectile

From French érectile, from Latin erectus, past participle of erigere, equivalent to erect + -ile.

The penis and clitoris contain erectile tissue which responds to sexual stimulation.

The observation that topical application of nitroglycerin to the penis may lead to erection adequate for sexual intercourse (Talley and Crawley 1985) has stimulated several investigations on the efficacy of this potential mode of treatment of erectile dysfunction.

1998, Alvaro Morales, editor, Erectile Dysfunction: Issues in Current Pharmacotherapy, CRC Press, →ISBN, page 107:

(biology, medicine, of tissue) Capable of filling with blood and becoming rigid.

erèctil

capable of filling with blood and becoming rigid


upstage

en-verb

upstage (third-person singular simple present upstages, present participle upstaging, simple past and past participle upstaged)

upstages (present singular third-person)
upstaging (participle present)
upstaged (participle past)
upstaged (past)

From up- + stage. The figurative uses “haughty” and “to draw attention away” derive from actors moving to a higher and thus more visible position on a sloped stage.

Almost one-third of patients were upstaged after re-exploration, three-quarters of whom actually had stage III disease.

1999, “Mismanagement of ovarian cancer by laparoscopy and laparotomy”, in Laparoscopic surgery in gynaecological oncology, Blackwell Science, →ISBN:

(medicine, transitive) To restage upward; to restage (a case of a disease, usually a cancer) to a higher stage than that found at last assessment.


vaccinal

(medicine) Of or relating to vaccine or vaccination


shingles

From Latin cingulus, variant of cingulum (“girdle”), translating Ancient Greek ζώνη (zṓnē), ζωστήρ (zōstḗr).

From the description, Letha felt sure Jane had herpes zoster, or shingles, which often strikes cancer patients or others with depressed immune systems. Jane spent another week in the Bubble, treated with acyclovir.

2005, Donald Hall, The Best Day the Worst Day: Life with Jane Kenyon, Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, →ISBN, page 98:

(pathology, informal) Herpes zoster, caused by Human herpes virus 3, in genus Varicellovirus.


herpes zoster

(pathology) An acute viral inflammation of the sensory ganglia of spinal and cranial nerves associated with a vesicular eruption and neuralgic pains, caused by reactivation of the Human herpes virus 3, in genus Varicellovirus, that also causes chicken pox as primoinfection.


imputation

en-noun

imputation (countable and uncountable, plural imputations)

From Middle French imputation, from Latin imputatio.

(genetics) The statistical inference of unobserved genotypes.


distraction

distraction (countable and uncountable, plural distractions)

Borrowed from Middle French distraction, from Latin distractio.

(medicine, archaic) Traction so exerted as to separate surfaces normally opposed.


bleeding

bleeding (countable and uncountable, plural bleedings)

Notwithstanding the employ of general and local bleeding, blisters, &c., the patient died on the fourth day after entrance.

1833, R. J. Bertin, translated by Charles W. Chauncy, Treatise on the Diseases of the Heart, and Great Vessels, Philadelphia: Carey, Lea & Blnachard, page 24:


historian

/hɪˈstɔːɹɪən/

/hɪˈstɔəɹɪən/

From Middle English historian, historien, from Old French historien, from Latin historia (“story, history”), equivalent to history + -ian. More at history.

chronist

compiler of chronological lists of events

The patient is unconscious when the syncopal event takes place and therefore is a poor historian.

2007, Joyce E. Dains, Linda Ciofu Baumann, Pamela Scheibel, Advanced Health Assessment and Clinical Diagnosis in Primary Care:

(medicine) One who recounts their own medical history.


varicose vein

(pathology) An abnormally swollen or dilated vein.


varicosis

varicosis (countable and uncountable, plural varicoses)

(medicine) The condition of being varicose or of having varicose veins


vasectomy

From vas (short for vas deferens) + -ectomy (“surgery involving the excision or removal of a body part”).

af

short for <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">vas deferens</i>

Coordinate term: tubal ligation (analogous procedure for female anatomy)

The experimental vasectomy operation was performed under sodium pentobarbital (50 mg/kg body weight, i.p) anesthesia via a lower midabdominal incision as described elsewhere.

2015 July 10, “Abnormal Accumulation of Collagen Type I Due to the Loss of Discoidin Domain Receptor 2 (Ddr2) Promotes Testicular Interstitial Dysfunction”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

In fact, at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minn., so many men sign up for vasectomies during March Madness that appointments reach “max capacity,” said Dr. Tobias S. Kohler, a urologist and men’s health expert at the medical center who has observed this phenomenon ever since he was an attending physician a decade ago.

2019 March 28, Christina Caron, “Why Don’t More American Men Get Vasectomies?”, in The New York Times:

Middle-aged, married fathers make up the bulk of those who have gotten vasectomies, with less than two percent of unmarried men relying on vasectomy for contraception, according to one analysis of data between 2002 and 2015 by the Department of Health and Human Services.

2022 August 12, Alisha Haridasani Gupta, “‘Snip Snip Hooray’: Vasectomies Among the Young and Child-Free May Be Rising”, in The New York Times:

(surgery) The surgical incision of all or part of the vas deferens as a means of male sterilization.


vas deferens

From New Latin vās dēferēns, itself from vās (“vessel, duct”) + dēferēns (“carrying off”, present active participle of dēferō (“to carry off”)).

com

dēferēns<t:carrying off><pos:present active participle of <i class="Latn mention" lang="la">dēferō</i> (“to carry off”)>

(anatomy) The duct in the testicle that carries semen from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct.


venereal disease

en-noun

venereal disease (countable and uncountable, plural venereal diseases)

(pathology, dated or historical) Any of several contagious diseases, such as syphilis and gonorrhea, contracted through sexual intercourse.


ventilate

en-verb

ventilate (third-person singular simple present ventilates, present participle ventilating, simple past and past participle ventilated)

ventilates (present singular third-person)
ventilating (participle present)
ventilated (participle past)
ventilated (past)

From Middle English, borrowed from Latin ventilātus, past participle of ventilō.

(transitive, medicine) To provide manual or mechanical breathing to (a patient).

beatmen

medicine: to provide manual or mechanical breathing to a patient

Patients with cervical injuries usually arrive in the intensive care unit (ICU) already intubated. However, with some high thoracic or low cervical lesions, patients who ventilate independently in the emergency department may arrive in the ICU without assisted ventilation.

2016, Marianne Saunorus Baird, Manual of Critical Care Nursing: Nursing Interventions and Collaborative Management, 7th edition, St. Louis, MO: Elsevier, →ISBN, page 302:


ventilation

en-noun

ventilation (countable and uncountable, plural ventilations)

Borrowed from Middle French ventilation, from Old French ventilacion, from Late Latin ventilatio, from Latin ventilo.
Morphologically ventilate + -ion

(medicine) The mechanical system used to assist breathing.


ventilator

From ventilate + -or; cf. Latin ventilator.

(medicine) A machine that moves breathable air into and out of the lungs of a patient who is unable to breathe sufficiently.


ventricle

From late Middle English, from Latin ventriculus (“the belly”), diminutive of venter (“the belly”). Doublet of ventriculus.

Coordinate term: atrium

Meronyms: left ventricle, right ventricle

The muscular ventricles pump blood by contracting their fibers in response to electrical stimulation.

2018, Sandeep Jauhar, Heart: a History, →ISBN, page 47:

(anatomy, zootomy) Any small cavity within a body; a hollow part or organ, especially:

Meronyms: fourth ventricle, lateral ventricle, third ventricle

the ventricle of memory

c. 1595–1596 (date written), William Shakespeare, “Loues Labour’s Lost”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene ii]:

(neuroanatomy) One of four fluid-filled cavities in the brain, that are continuous with the central canal of the spinal cord.

[On birds] Where omitting the more general Properties, of having two Ventricles, and picking up stones to conveigh them into their second Ventricle, the Gizzern, (which provision and instinct is a supply for the want of teeth;) […]

1662, Henry More, An Antidote Against Atheism, Book II: A Collection of Several Philosophical Writings of Dr. Henry More, page 72:

(archaic) A ventriculus; especially, a stomach.


cluster

→ Catalan: clúster

→ French: cluster

→ German: Cluster

→ Italian: cluster

→ Japanese: クラスター (kurasutā)

→ Portuguese: cluster

→ Russian: кла́стер (kláster)

→ Spanish: clúster, cluster

→ Swedish: kluster

High Performance Computing Center, Stuttgart

The noun is derived from Middle English cluster (“bunch, cluster, spray; compact body or mass, ball”) [and other forms], from Old English cluster, clyster (“cluster, bunch, branch”), from Proto-Germanic *klas-, *klus- (“to clump, lump together”) (possibly from Proto-Indo-European *gel- (“to ball up; to clench; to amass”)) + *-þrą (suffix forming nouns denoting an instrument or tool). The English word is probably a doublet of clot.
The verb is derived from the noun.
Cognates
* Dutch klister (“cluster”) (dialectal)
* Icelandic klasi (“cluster; bunch of grapes”)
* Low German Kluuster (“cluster”)
* Swedish kluster (“cluster”)

nb...

closter, clostre, clouster, clowster, clustre, clustyr

բույլ

A leukemia cluster has developed in the town.

A bunch or group of several discrete items that are close to each other.

(epidemiology) A group of cases of the same disease occurring around the same place or time.


guillotine

Borrowed from French guillotine, named after the French physician Joseph-Ignace Guillotin (1738–1814), who proposed its use for capital punishment.

named-after

/ˌɡɪləˈtiːn/

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-guillotine.wav

A device or machine with a cutting blade.

(surgery) An instrument with a sliding blade for cutting the tonsils, uvula, or other body parts.


ventral tegmentum

ventral tegmentum (canonical)
ventral tegmental area (canonical)

(neuroanatomy) A part of the midbrain, close to the substantia nigra and the red nucleus, that contains dopamine and serotonin.

(neuroanatomy) The part of the mesencephalon that projects to the nucleus accumbens via the mesolimbic pathway and to the cortex via the mesocortical pathway


variable tandem repeat locus

(genetics) Any DNA sequence that exists in multiple copies strung together in various tandem lengths.


cholera

en-noun

cholera (countable and uncountable, plural choleras)

From Latin cholera (“bilious disease”), from Ancient Greek χολέρα (kholéra, “cholera”). Doublet of choler.

der

'This again,' said the Bacteriologist, slipping a glass slide under the microscope, 'is a preparation of the celebrated Bacillus of cholera - the cholera germ.'

At that time, the city [Christiania, now Oslo] was in the grip of a cholera epidemic, and victims were dying at the rate of 60 a day. Bradshaw contracted the disease, and died on September 6 [1853].

1950 January, “Notes and News: George Bradshaw's Grave”, in Railway Magazine, pages 61–62:

Vibrio cholerae
Vibrio cholerae#Translingual

(pathology) Any of several acute infectious diseases of humans and domestic animals, caused by certain strains of the Vibrio cholerae bacterium through ingestion of contaminated water or food, usually marked by severe gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting, and dehydration.


pulmonary tuberculosis

Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Mycobacterium tuberculosis#Translingual

(pathology) The most common form of active tuberculosis (TB) infecting the lungs, generally caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.


ulcer

From Old French ulcere, from Latin ulcus. Doublet of ulcus.

(pathology) An open sore of the skin, eyes or mucous membrane, often caused by an initial abrasion and generally maintained by an inflammation and/or an infection.


ulcerate

en-verb

ulcerate (third-person singular simple present ulcerates, present participle ulcerating, simple past and past participle ulcerated)

ulcerates (present singular third-person)
ulcerating (participle present)
ulcerated (participle past)
ulcerated (past)

The surface was ulcerated by trauma.

(medicine, transitive) To cause an ulcer to develop.

The tissue ulcerated shortly after exposure.

(medicine, intransitive) To become ulcerous.


ultrasound

en-noun

ultrasound (countable and uncountable, plural ultrasounds)

Ultrasound as a treatment for degenerative arthritis was in its infancy. It might eventually turn out to be as effective as the Salk vaccine, or as bogus as the science of phrenology.

(medicine) The use of ultrasonic waves for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes.


tablature

tablature (countable and uncountable, plural tablatures)

/ˈtæblət͡ʃɜ/

From French, from Italian tavolatura, from Latin tabulatura, from tabula.

(anatomy) A division of the skull into two tables.


umbilical cord

(anatomy) The flexible structure connecting a foetus with the placenta; it transports nourishment to the foetus and removes waste.


umbilicus

umbilicus (plural umbilici or umbilicuses)

Borrowed from Latin umbilīcus (“navel”).


administer

en-verb

administer (third-person singular simple present administers, present participle administering, simple past and past participle administered)

administers (present singular third-person)
administering (participle present)
administered (participle past)
administered (past)

From Middle English administren, from Old French aminister, from Latin administrare (“to manage, execute”), from ad (“to”) + ministrare (“to attend, serve”), from minister (“servant”); see minister.

der

We administered the medicine to our dog by mixing it in his food.

(transitive, medicine) To give (a drug, to a patient), be it orally or by any other means.

A noxious drug had been administered to him.

1849–1861, Thomas Babington Macaulay, chapter XV, in The History of England from the Accession of James the Second, volume (please specify |volume=I to V), London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, →OCLC:

(transitive, medicine) To cause (a patient, human or animal) to ingest (a drug), either by openly offering or through deceit.

предписвам

to cause to take by openly offering or through deceit


astringent

en-adj

astringent (comparative more astringent, superlative most astringent)

more astringent (comparative)
most astringent (superlative)

From Latin adstringere (“to bind fast”), from ad (“toward”) + stringere (“bind, pull tight”). Compare stringent.

compound

(medicine) Having the effect of drawing tissue together; styptic.

astringent

having the effect of drawing tissue together


autochthonous

allochthonous

antonym(s) of “native to the place where found, buried in place”

/ɔːˈtɒkθənəs/

/ɔˈtɑkθənəs/

/ɑˈtɑkθənəs/

Literally, “native to the soil”; from autochthon + -ous.

When, in 1858, Joseph Lister amputated the right leg of a six-year-old girl suffering from gangrene, he noted that the autochthonous blood clot extended down the anterior tibial artery as far as the commencement of the gangrene.

1983, Journal of the Medical Society of New Jersey, volume 80, page 538:

(biology, medicine) Originating where found; found where it originates.

автохто́нен

biology, medicine: originating where found


flank

From Late Middle English flanc, from Late Old English flanc (“flank”), from Old French flanc, of Germanic origin, probably Frankish *hlanca, from Proto-Germanic *hlankō (“bend, curve, hip, flank”), from Proto-Germanic *hlankaz (“flexible, sleek, bendsome”), from Proto-Indo-European *kleng- (“to bend”). Akin to Old High German hlanca (“loin”), Middle Low German lanke (“hip joint”) (German lenken (“to bend, turn, lead”)), Old English hlanc (“loose, slender, flaccid, lank”). More at lank.

cog

Holonym: side

Coordinate term: loin (coordinate especially in butchery; not consistently differentiated regarding the human body)

(anatomy) The lateral flesh between the last rib and the hip.

خَاصِرَة

anatomy: flesh between the last rib and the hip


trichomoniasis

en-noun

trichomoniasis (usually uncountable, plural trichomoniases)

Similar changes occur later after the menopause that, if not ideal for colonization by T. vaginalis they are clearly not impossible, since both prepubertal and post-menopausal trichomoniases in females are well described.

2003, J. P. Ackers, “11: Trichomonads”, in Stephen Gillespie, Richard D. Pearson, editors, Principles and Practice of Clinical Parasitology, page 246:

Trichomoniasis is the most prevalent nonviral sexually transmitted infection in humans worldwide.

2006, Linh Khanh Vuong, “Chapter 17: Gynecologic Disorders”, in Richard A. Helms, David J. Quan, editors, Textbook of Therapeutics: Drug and Disease Management, page 391:

2009, Sarah L. Cudmore, Gary E. Garber, Chapter 74: Diagnosis and Treatment of Metronidazole-Resistant Trichomonas vaginalis Infection, Douglas Mayers (editor), Antimicrobial Drug Resistance, Volume 2: Clinical and Epidemiological Aspects, page 1092,
Trichomoniasis has long been considered a disease of women, but the disease can also cause significant morbidity in men.

sexually transmitted disease
sexually transmitted disease

(pathology) A common sexually transmitted disease caused by the parasite Trichomonas vaginalis and infecting the urinary tract or vagina.