megakaryocyte

These have been described as giant cells with budding nuclei (Bizzozero [2]); but it seems to me that they are worthy of a more distinctive name. I shall speak of them hereafter as megakaryocytes, or large nucleated giant cells, while the first class might be named polykaryocytes, or multinucleated giant cells.

1890, W. H. Howell, “Observations upon the occurrence, structure, and function of the giant cells of the marrow”, in Journal of Morphology, volume 4, page 118:

The evidence of formation of blood platelets from the megakaryocyte is conclusive. Except for the origin of platelets in the early embryo from a forerunner of the megakaryocyte, Wright recognizes no other source for blood platelets in mammals.

1914, Wade H. Brown, “The histogenesis of blood platelets”, in Studies from the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, page 69:

Under appropriate culture conditions, the megakaryocyte burst-forming cell can develop into 40 to 500 megakaryocytes within 1 week.

2012, Alan D. Michelson, Platelets, page 28:

(anatomy) A large cell, found in bone marrow, responsible for the production of platelets.


melanocyte

As previously stated, it is pigmented, this pigmentation depending upon the so-called melanocytes.

1905, Willy Edward Alexander Wyman, Catechism of the Principles of Veterinary Surgery, page 06:

(medicine, biochemistry, cytology) A cell in the skin that produces the pigment melanin.


eschar

en-noun

eschar (countable and uncountable, plural eschars)

From Middle French eschare (now escarre) or Late Latin eschara (“scar, scab”), from Ancient Greek ἐσχάρα (eskhára, “hearth, brazier, scab”). Doublet of scar.

der

...stable intact eschar on the heels should not be removed. Blood flow in the tissue under the eschar is poor and the wound is susceptible to infection. The eschar acts as a natural barrier to infection by keeping the bacteria from entering the wound. If the eschar becomes unstable (wet, draining, loose, boggy, edematous, red) it should be debrided according to the clinic or facility protocol

2016, Cheryl Carver, Knowing the Difference Between Scabs and Eschar:

(medicine) A superficial structure of dead tissue, usually hardened, commonly, but not necessarily dark, adhering to underlying living or necrotic tissue, caused by gangrene or a burn.


amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

en-noun

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (uncountable)

central nervous system
central nervous system

(neurology, pathology) A chronic, progressive disease characterized by degeneration of the central nervous system and the loss of voluntary muscle control.

筋萎縮性側索硬化症

きんいしゅくせいそくさくこうかしょう


plasma cell

(immunology) A form of B cell that produces antibodies after having reacted with its specific antigen in follicle centers.


spongiocyte

(cytology) Any of the cells of the neuroglia that have spongy vacuolated protoplasm


thrombocyte

/ˈθɹɒmbə(ʊ)sʌɪt/


latex

latex (countable and uncountable, plural latices or latexes)

Borrowed from New Latin latex (“clear fluid which is part of a humour or bodily fluid”), a later use of Latin latex (“water; liquid, fluid”). Potentially a borrowing from Ancient Greek λᾰ́τᾰξ (lắtăx, “drop of wine”), reformed by analogy to other nouns in -ex. The semantic shift, however, from drop of wine to water is difficult to explain and may indicate that both words originated from a separate language. Perhaps from the same root as Proto-Celtic *lati- (Old Irish laith (“liquid, beer”), Welsh llad (“beer”)) or Proto-Germanic *ladjō- (Old High German letto (“clay, loam”), Old Norse leðja (“mud, dregs”)) or from a Pre-Greek language.

cog

(medicine, archaic, rare) A clear liquid believed to be a component of a humour or other bodily fluid (esp. plasma and lymph).


truncate

/ˈtɹʌŋˌkeɪt/

From Latin truncātus, perfect passive participle of truncō (“maim, reduce to a trunk”); see trunk as a verb.

(botany, anatomy) Having an abrupt termination.

κολοβός

botany, anatomy: having an abrupt termination


foramen

Borrowed from Latin forāmen (“aperture or opening produced by boring”), from forō (“to pierce or bore”) + -men (nominal suffix).

af

The skull contains a number of foramina through which arteries, veins, nerves, and other structures enter and exit.

That is better! There is - as I have explained - a slight want of alignment in the cervical vertebrae which has, as I perceive it, the effect of lessening the foramina through which the nerve roots emerge.

1925 July – 1926 May, A[rthur] Conan Doyle, “(please specify the chapter number)”, in The Land of Mist (eBook no. 0601351h.html), Australia: Project Gutenberg Australia, published April 2019:

(anatomy) An opening, an orifice, or a short passage, especially in a bone.

ثُقْبَة

an opening, an orifice, or a short passage, especially in a bone


chronic fatigue syndrome

en-noun

chronic fatigue syndrome (countable and uncountable, plural chronic fatigue syndromes)

(pathology) A condition characterized by immune, endocrine and neurologic pathology whose main symptoms are extreme fatigue, extremely low stamina, muscle pain, lymph node swelling, postexertional malaise, and cognitive difficulties.

encefalopatía miálgica/síndrome de fatiga crónica


psittacosis

psittacosis (countable and uncountable, plural psittacoses)

(pathology) An infection by Chlamydia bacteria, caught from infected birds, and characterised by fever, pneumonia and headaches.


goitre

goitre (countable and uncountable, plural goitres)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-goitre.wav

Borrowed from French, either from Old French goitron (“throat, neck, goitre”), itself from Vulgar Latin *gutturiō, *gutturiōnem (“throat, goitre-like protrusions”), from Latin guttur, or a back-formation from French goitreux (“goitered”).

der

(pathology, UK) An enlargement of the front and sides of the neck caused by inflammation of the thyroid gland.

coto

Venezuelan Andes - Argentinian and Venezuelan standard usage : bocio

güegüecho

Southern Mexico - Mexican standard usage : bocio


halse

From Middle English hals, from Old English heals (“neck, prow of a ship”), from Proto-West Germanic *hals, from Proto-Germanic *halsaz (“neck”), from Proto-Indo-European *kols-, *ḱols- (“neck”).
Cognate with Dutch hals (“neck, throat”), German Hals (“neck, throat”), Norwegian hals (“neck, throat”), Swedish hals (“neck, throat”), Latin collum (“neck”).

inh

Well, as you know they used to hang folk by the halse for horse theft.

(anatomy, archaic) The neck; the throat.


pedate

en-adj

pedate (comparative more pedate, superlative most pedate)

more pedate (comparative)
most pedate (superlative)


hypostasis

en-noun

hypostasis (countable and uncountable, plural hypostases or hypostaseis)

hypostases (plural)
hypostaseis (plural)

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From Ecclesiastical Latin hypostasis, from Ancient Greek ὑπόστασις (hupóstasis, “sediment, foundation; substance, existence, essence”), from ὑπό (hupó, “under”) + στάσις (stásis, “standing”). Morphologically hypo- + -stasis.

bor

Phi[sitian]. I view’d your vrine, and the Hipoſtates ^([sic – meaning Hipoſtaſis]) / Thick and obſcure doth make your danger great, […]

c. 1587–1588, [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The Second Part […], 2nd edition, part 2, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire, London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act V, scene vi:

Thus the kidneys also have their particular excrement which is contained in it and is the hypostasis (deposit).

1999, Paracelsus, “Opus Paramirum”, in Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke, transl., Essential Readings, North Atlantic Books, page 92:

(medicine, now historical) A sedimentary deposit, especially in urine.

When penetrance is suppressed altogether, the term ‘epistasis’ (and ‘hypostasis’ of the suppressed gene) is used.

1997, Vogul & Motulsky, Human Genetics: Problems and Approaches, page 141:

(genetics) The effect of one gene preventing another from expressing.


hypostatic

en-adj

hypostatic (comparative more hypostatic, superlative most hypostatic)

more hypostatic (comparative)
most hypostatic (superlative)

From mediaeval Latin hypostaticus, from Ancient Greek ὑποστατικός (hupostatikós), from ὑποστατός (hupostatós). Equivalent to hypostasis + -tic.

uder

hypostatic congestion, due to setting of blood by gravitation

(medicine) Pertaining to hypostasis; depending upon, or due to, deposition or setting.

(genetics) Of a gene, affected by hypostasis.


inanition

en-noun

inanition (countable and uncountable, plural inanitions)

From Middle English inanicioun, borrowed from Old French inanition, itself borrowed from Late Latin inānītio, from inānīre (“to make empty”), from inānis (“empty, vain”); see inane.

It may be reasonably inferred that our baby will first expire of inanition, as being the frailest member of our circle; and that our twins will follow next in order.

1849 May – 1850 November, Charles Dickens, chapter 52, in The Personal History of David Copperfield, London: Bradbury & Evans, […], published 1850, →OCLC:

The Diet of the street-children is in some cases an alternation of surfeit and inanition [...]

1851, Henry Mayhew, London Labour and the London Poor, volume 1, London: George Woodfall & Son, page 475:

1955, Samuel Beckett and Patrick Bowles (translators), Molloy by Samuel Beckett, Part I, in Three Novels, New York: Grove, 1959, p. 202,
And I who a fortnight before would joyfully have reckoned how long I could survive on the provisions that remained, probably with reference to the question of calories and vitamins, and established in my head a series of menus asymptotically approaching nutritional zero, was now content to note feebly that I should soon be dead of inanition.

(medicine) A state of advanced lack of adequate nutrition, food, or water or a physiological inability to utilize them, with resulting weakness.


theriac

theriac (countable and uncountable, plural theriacs)

From Medieval Latin theriacum, from Ancient Greek θηριακὸν (thēriakòn) and Late Latin theriaca, from Ancient Greek θηριακὴ (thēriakḕ, “of or related to poisonous reptiles”), from θηρίον (thēríon, “little beast”) + -κός (-kós), from θήρ (thḗr, “beast”) + -ίον (-íon, diminutive suffix). Doublet of theriaca.

der

This excellent triacle Methridatum is nexte in qualitye and virtue to Theriaca... but onely Theriaca is a little hotter and stronger againste venyme of Snakes.

1558, William Bullein, The Government of Health, fol. 120

Theriaca Andromachi, the Venice or Mithridate treacle...
Theriaca communis, common treacle, or molasses...
Theriaca Londinensis, a cataplasm of cummin seed, bay-berries, germander, snake-root, cloves and honey.

1811, John Quincy et al., Quincy's Lexicon-Medicum..., s.v:

From then on galene became the theriac par excellence, known simply as theriac, and there never was a more successful drug[…] Those who could afford it gulped down a bean-sized lump of theriac for practically everything from the Black Death to nothing at all, as a preventive.

1975, Guido Majno, The Healing Hand, Harvard University Press, page 415:

Theriac was essentially homeopathic in its supposed function, being an improvement on mithridate by virtue of containing more poisons.

(pharmacology, historical) A universal antidote against all poisons, particularly medicines considered to derive from a recipe of the Roman physician Andromachus and representing an improvement on mithridate.

تِرْيَاق

a supposed universal antidote, distinguished from mithridate

...ane half vnce of guid auld theriac...

1568, Gilbert Skeyne, Ane Breue Descriptioun of the Pest, Ch. 7

...the great number of Vipers, brought to the Grand Duke of Toscany for the composing of Theriac or Treacle...

1666, Philosophical Transactions, volume I, page 160:

...in the herbal (Kra:uterbuch) of German physician Adam Lonicer... In his final edition, published in 1587 (the year after his death), Lonicer added an entry on bezoar, "a stone against all poison," which he highlighted as "more powerful than any other poison antidote or theriac."

2021, Alisha Rankin, The Poison Trials, page 179:

(pharmacology, archaic) Synonym of antidote, particularly (pseudoscience) those incorporating snakemeat to cure snakebite.


theriac

en-adj

theriac (comparative more theriac, superlative most theriac)

more theriac (comparative)
most theriac (superlative)

(medicine) Synonym of theriacal: of or related to theriac.

(medicine, obsolete) Synonym of medicinal.


involution

en-noun

involution (countable and uncountable, plural involutions)

(medicine) The shrinking of an organ (such as the uterus) to a former size.

(physiology) The regressive changes in the body occurring with old age.


porphyria

/pɔː(ɹ)ˈfɪɹɪə/

The term porphyria, derived from the Greek word porphyra, meaning purple, is apt because a hallmark of most of the porphyrias is the overexcretion of porphyrins in urine or feces.

2000, Herbert L. Bonkovsky, Richard W. Lambrecht, “44: Hemochromatosis, iron overload, and porphyria cutanea tarda”, in James C. Barton, Corwin Q. Edwards, editors, Hemochromatosis: Genetics, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Treatment, page 453:

However, the appearance of homozygous forms without consanguinity and coincidence of two types of porphyria in the same patient, dual porphyrias, is possible.

2003, M. Lecha, C. Herrero, D. Ozalla, “Porphyrias”, in Andreas D. Katsambas, Torello M. Lotti, editors, European Handbook of Dermatological Treatments, page 419:

The usual presenting symptoms and signs of porphyrias are either skin photosensitivity or neurovisceral symptoms and signs.

2010, James C. Barton, Corwin Q. Edwards, Pradyumna D. Phatak, Robert S. Britton, Bruce R. Bacon, Handbook of Iron Overload Disorders, page 160:

(pathology) Any of several usually hereditary abnormalities of porphyrin metabolism characterized by excretion of excess porphyrins in the urine.


severe acute respiratory syndrome

severe acute respiratory syndrome (countable and uncountable, plural severe acute respiratory syndromes)

severe acute respiratory syndromes (plural)

taxfmt

Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus

(b) Severe acute respiratory syndromes, which are diseases that are associated with fever and signs and symptoms of pneumonia or other respiratory illness, are capable of being transmitted from person to person, and that either are causing, or have the potential to cause, a pandemic, or, upon infection, are highly likely to cause mortality or serious morbidity if not properly controlled.

2014 July 31, Barack Obama, “Executive Order—Revised List of Quarantinable Communicable Diseases”, in https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/, Office of the Press Secretary, The White House:

(pathology) A form of pneumonia resulting from infection by a coronavirus characterized by fever, myalgia, lethargy and coughing and which can be fatal.

重症急性呼吸器症候群

じゅうしょうきゅうせいこきゅうきしょうこうぐん


laminar

In, or consisting of, thin plates or layers.

(anatomy) Describing the layer of capillaries in the choroid of the eye


latah

en-noun

latah (countable and uncountable, plural latahs)

Latah is a condition occurring in Southeast Asia. Otherwise sane, Latahs compulsively imitate every motion once their attention is attracted by snapping the fingers or calling sharply.

1962 [1959], William S. Burroughs, Naked Lunch, New York: Grove Press:

It seemed to Sir Edwin that this patient, a young man who had never set foot outside England, was suffering from an ailment known as latah – common enough in the Malay archipelago but hitherto unknown, so far as the clinical records – admittedly not very reliable – could advise, in the temperate clime of northern Europe.

1989, Anthony Burgess, The Devil's Mode:

Actually, there is a debate among scholars as to whether the latah condition should be regarded as a culture-related "mental disorder" or merely as an "unusual behavior response" found in some cultures.

2003, Wen-Shing Tseng, Clinician's Guide to Cultural Psychiatry, page 116:

(pathology) A condition found in Malaysia and nearby areas characterised by extreme suggestibility; also, a person suffering from this malady.


variola

variola (usually uncountable, plural variolas)

From Middle English variolas pl (“pustules, pocks”), from Medieval Latin or Medical Latin variola (“infectious disease causing pustules; pox”), from Latin varius. Doublet of variole.


adenoma

(pathology) A benign tumour of the epithelium arising from or resembling a gland.


leucotome

All sorts of rubbish is lying in the sand: a typewriter with half the keys missing (he picks out fragmentary sentences, sometimes these seem to mean something), a smashed neurosurgical unit (he pockets a handful of leucotomes, useful for self-defence).

1970, JG Ballard, The Atrocity Exhibition:

(medicine) An instrument used to perform a leucotomy.


malar

From modern Latin malaris, from Latin mala (“jaw, cheek-bone”).

(anatomy) The cheekbone, which forms a part of the lower edge of the orbit.


consumptive

en-adj

consumptive (comparative more consumptive, superlative most consumptive)

more consumptive (comparative)
most consumptive (superlative)

From Middle English consumptive, from Latin cōnsūmptus, past participle of cōnsūmō, + -ive.

consumptive cough

The lean, conſumptive, wench, with coughs decay'd, / Is call'd a pretty, tight, and ſlender maid.

a. 1701 (date written), John Dryden, “The Latter Part of the Fourth Book of Lucretius; Concerning the Nature of Love”, in The Miscellaneous Works of John Dryden, […], volume II, London: […] J[acob] and R[ichard] Tonson, […], published 1760, →OCLC, page 457:

pulmonary tuberculosis
pulmonary tuberculosis

(pathology) Relating to pulmonary tuberculosis.


myalgic encephalomyelitis

Chronic fatigue syndrome
chronic fatigue syndrome


narcosis

en-noun

narcosis (countable and uncountable, plural narcoses)

(pathology) Unconsciousness caused by a drug, anaesthetic or other chemical substance.

narkózis

unconsciousness caused by a drug, anaesthetic or other chemical substance


pubic symphysis

pubic symphysis (plural pubic symphyses)

(anatomy) A cartilaginous joint between the two bones of the pubis.


refrigeration

refrigeration (countable and uncountable, plural refrigerations)

From Latin refrigero
Morphologically refrigerate + -ion

(medicine) The cooling of the body for therapeutic purposes.


medulla

medulla (plural medullas or medullae or medullæ)

medullas (plural)
medullae (plural)
medullæ (plural)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-medulla.wav

Borrowed from Latin medulla (“pith, marrow”), perhaps from medius (“middle”).

(anatomy) The inner substance of various organs and structures, especially the marrow of bones.

髓质

the inner substance of various organs and structures, especially the marrow of bones

(anatomy, neuroanatomy) The medulla oblongata.


metastasis

metastasis (countable and uncountable, plural metastases)

Coined in 1829 by Joseph Récamier. From Late Latin, from Ancient Greek μετάστασις (metástasis, “removal, change”), from μεθίστημι (methístēmi, “to remove, to change”).

uder

Stayed in her own house, searched her body each morning and examined her conscience each night for progressive symptoms of the metastasis she feared was in her.

(medicine) The transference of a bodily function or disease to another part of the body, specifically the development of a secondary area of disease remote from the original site, as with some cancers.


metastasize

en-verb

metastasize (third-person singular simple present metastasizes, present participle metastasizing, simple past and past participle metastasized)

metastasizes (present singular third-person)
metastasizing (participle present)
metastasized (participle past)
metastasized (past)

On other screens are closeups of skin pores, before and after, details of regimes for everything, your hands, your neck, your thighs. Your elbows, especially your elbows: aging begins at the elbows and metastasizes.

‘Your lump could be a secondary cancer metastasized from the bowel. I had a patient like that not long ago.’

(intransitive, medicine, of a disease or tumor) To spread to other sites in the body; to undergo metastasis.

“I remember the first time he woke up throwing up, and my first thought wasn't, ‘Oh he has the stomach flu,'” she said. “It was, ‘Oh, it's gone to his brain, and it's metastasized his brain, and he's throwing up because of that.'”

2013 May 11, Jaclyn Cosgrove, “Fostering hope: Doctor learns about being a mother to child with cancer”, in The Oklahoman:

(transitive, medicine, of a disease or tumor) To form a metastasis in (an organ).


mucopus

A Saturday afternoon and a ‘misfire’ books in my hands. Everything swimming in a divine mucopus.


ortholog

(genetics) Any of two or more homologous gene sequences found in different species related by linear descent.


meconium

en-noun

meconium (countable and uncountable, plural meconiums)

From Latin mēcōnium (“opium; excrement of a newborn child”), from Ancient Greek μηκώνιον (mēkṓnion, “poppy-juice, opium”), from μήκων (mḗkōn, “poppy”).

der

The meconium is dark brownish-green in color. The first meconium passed is semi-solid, having been partially dried out in the large intestine.

1915, John Lovett Morse, Fritz Bradley Talbot, Diseases of Nutrition and Infant Feeding, New York: MacMillan, page 78:

(medicine) A dark green mass, the contents of the fetal intestines during the later stages of mammalian gestation, that forms the first feces of the newborn.


nates

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(anatomy, medicine) The two anterior of the four lobes on the dorsal side of the midbrain of most mammals; the anterior optic lobes.


gallstone

(biology, medicine) A small, hard object, in the shape of a pebble, that sometimes forms in the gallbladder or bile duct; composed of cholesterol, bile pigments and calcium salts.


plantar

From Latin planta (“sole of the foot”). May be decomposed as plant + -ar.

a plantar wart

(anatomy) Relating to the sole of the foot.


diuretic

en-adj

diuretic (comparative more diuretic, superlative most diuretic)

more diuretic (comparative)
most diuretic (superlative)

From Middle English diuretyk, from Old French diuretique; ultimately from Ancient Greek διουρητικός (diourētikós). By surface analysis, diuresis + -etic.

Blackcurrant leaf has a diuretic action [11,12,14], therefore it should not be taken concurrently with diuretics indicated for cardiac or renal insufficiency except on medical advice.

2003, European Scientific Cooperative on Phytotherapy, ESCOP Monographs: The Scientific Foundation for Herbal Medicinal Products, page 426:

Further experiments are needed to elaborate the exact mechanisms of the hypotensive and diuretic effects of diterpene kaurenoids.

2016, Maurice M. Iwu, Food as Medicine: Functional Food Plants of Africa:

(medicine, pharmacology) Increasing the amount or frequency of urination.


diuretic

(medicine, pharmacology) A drug or a substance that increases the rate of urine excretion.


otorhinolaryngologist

/ˌɑtoʊˌraɪnoʊˌlæɹɪŋˈɡɑləd͡ʒɪst/

/ˌɒtəʊˌraɪnəʊˌlæɹɪŋˈɡɒləd͡ʒɪst/

(medicine) A doctor specializing in otorhinolaryngology, the study of the ear, nose, and throat.


ovulation

en-noun

ovulation (countable and uncountable, plural ovulations)

(physiology) The release of an ovum from an ovary.


micturition

micturition (countable and uncountable, plural micturitions)

For those unlucky enough to be on a service without lavatory provision, we can only speculate as to how passengers improvised if caught short. For men, it might be possible to urinate, albeit at the risk of offending fellow passengers - there were reports of passengers being hauled up before the courts for 'micturition' in coaches during the 19th century.

2020 January 2, Dr Mike Esbester, “Waste disposal...”, in Rail, page 36:


tunic

→ Welsh: tiwnig

Borrowed from Middle French tunique, from Latin tunica, possibly from Semitic (compare Aramaic [script needed] (kittuna), Hebrew כותנת (kuttoneth, “coat”), English chiton); or from Etruscan. Existed in Old English as tunece; unknown if that term was lost and then reborrowed later. Doublet of tunica.

Select individual bulbs that are firm and have no noticeable blemishes on them. Don't worry about the papery covering or tunic. That may or may not be in place, […]

2015, Charlie Nardozzi, New England Month-by-Month Gardening: What to Do Each Month to Have a Beautiful Garden All Year, Cool Springs Press, →ISBN, page 132:

(anatomy, botany) Any covering, such as seed coat or the organ that covers a membrane.

buroklevél

any covering, such as seed coat or the organ that covers a membrane


injection

injection (countable and uncountable, plural injections)

/ɪnˈd͡ʒɛk.ʃən/

Nicolas Bourbaki
Éléments de mathématique

Borrowed from Middle French injection, from Latin iniectio. The mathematical sense is from French injection, introduced by Nicolas Bourbaki in their treatise Éléments de mathématique.

(medicine) Something injected subcutaneously, intravenously, or intramuscularly by use of a syringe and a needle.

conjunctival injection

(medicine) Congestion (of a body part, with blood or other fluid), such as hyperemia.


nystagmus

nystagmus (countable and uncountable, plural nystagmuses)

First attested in 1798. From New Latin nystagmus, from Ancient Greek νυσταγμός (nustagmós, “nodding, drowsiness”), from νυστάζω (nustázō, “nod, be sleepy”).

der

For months Travis had seen his solitary figure, shoulders hunched inside the flying jacket, in more and more newsreels, as an extra in war films, and then as a patient in an elegant ophthalmic film on nystagmus

(pathology) rapid involuntary eye movement, usually lateral


tire gauge

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(slang, drugs) A type of crack pipe, with its innards removed.


pallium

Borrowed from Latin pallium (“a cloak”). Doublet of pall.


bregma

From Ancient Greek βρέγμα (brégma, “top of the head”).

bor

(anatomy) The anatomical structure on the skull where the coronal suture and sagittal suture meet.


hyperkinetic

(neurology, pathology, psychiatry, psychology) Of, relating to, or affected with hyperkinesis or hyperactivity.

hyperkineettinen

of, relating to, or affected with hyperkinesis or hyperactivity


hyperkinesis

en-noun

hyperkinesis (countable and uncountable, plural hyperkineses)

(pathology) Abnormally increased and sometimes uncontrollable activity or muscular movements.

ipercinesia

abnormally increased and sometimes uncontrollable activity or muscular movements

(pathology) A condition especially of childhood characterized by hyperactivity.

hyperkinésie

a condition characterized by hyperactivity

hyperkinetic disorder

attention deficit hyperactivity disorder


hyperemia

hyperemia (countable and uncountable, plural hyperemias)

From Ancient Greek ὑπέρ (hupér, “over”) + αἷμα (haîma, “blood”), equivalent to hyper- + -emia.

(pathology) excess of blood in a body part.


diakinesis

diakinesis (countable and uncountable, plural diakineses)

(cytology) the last stage of prophase, in which the nucleolus and nuclear envelope disappear, spindle fibers form, and the chromosomes shorten in preparation for metaphase.


nucleolus

(cytology) A conspicuous, rounded body within the nucleus of a cell.


cytozoon

(cytology) A parasite, especially a protozoon, living within a cell


ischaemic

en-adj

ischaemic (comparative more ischaemic, superlative most ischaemic)

more ischaemic (comparative)
most ischaemic (superlative)

(pathology, cardiology) British English spelling of ischemic


meatball surgery

en-noun

meatball surgery (usually uncountable, plural meatball surgeries)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-meatball surgery.wav

Coined or popularised by Richard Hooker in the novel MASH (1968).

(surgery, military, colloquial) Surgery performed rapidly in a military field hospital to stabilize the patient as quickly as possible.


neuralgic

(neurology, pathology) Pertaining to or affected by neuralgia.


PAR

pseudoautosomal region
w:pseudoautosomal region

(genetics) Abbreviation of pseudoautosomal region.


topical

en-adj

topical (comparative more topical, superlative most topical)

more topical (comparative)
most topical (superlative)

(medicine, not comparable) Applied to a localized part of the body.

локален

medicine: applied to a localized part of the body

Terbinafine is available in 250 mg tablets and in a topical 1% ointment. There is no parenteral form available.

2003, Peter G. Pappas, “Terbinafine”, in William E. Dismukes, Peter G. Pappas, Jack D. Sobel, editors, Clinical Mycology, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 106:

(medicine, not comparable) Applied externally (to the surface of the skin or eye).


topical

A substance, especially a medication, applied externally (to the surface of the skin or eye).


topically

en-adv

topically (comparative more topically, superlative most topically)

more topically (comparative)
most topically (superlative)

If the predisposition to the disease has arisen from a plethoric state of the system, or from a turgescence in the vessels of the head, this is to be obviated by bleeding, both generally and topically, but more particularly the latter; an abstemious diet and proper exercise; and by a seton in the neck.

1842, Gibbons Merle, John Reitch, The Domestic Dictionary and Housekeeper’s Manual: Comprising Everything Related to Cookery, Diet, Economy and Medicine. By Gibbons Merle. The Medical Portion of the Work by John Reitch, M.D., London: William Strange, 21, Paternoster Row, →OCLC, page 360, column 2:

(medicine) (Applied) to a localized part of the body.


top-up

en-noun

top-up (countable and uncountable, plural top-ups)

The reinforcement of anesthesia by an epidural “top-up” in combined spinal-epidural anesthesia may be explained by a dual mechanism: a volume effect compressing the dural sac and a local anesthetic effect.

1999, The Epidural “Top-Up” in Combined Spinal-Epidural Anesthesia: The Effect of Volume Versus Dose:

(medicine) A dose of epidural anesthetic added to previously injected spinal anesthetic in combined spinal-epidural anesthesia


tourniquet

From French tourniquet, from tourner (“to turn”).

His forefathers had been, as a rule, professional men—physicians and lawyers; his grandfather died under the walls of Chapultepec Castle while twisting a tourniquet for a cursing dragoon; an uncle remained indefinitely at Malvern Hill;[…].

1907 August, Robert W[illiam] Chambers, chapter II, in The Younger Set, New York, N.Y.: D. Appleton & Company, →OCLC:

[…] Bull was in the bathroom taking his fix, clutching his old black necktie in his teeth for a tourniquet and jabbing with the needle into his woesome arm with the thousand holes;[…]

1957, Jack Kerouac, On the Road, Viking Press, →OCLC:

After he was done, Lillehei's assistants released the tourniquet around Gregory's venae cavae, allowing blood to return.

2018, Sandeep Jauhar, Heart: a History, →ISBN, page 83:

(medicine) A tightly-compressed bandage used to stop bleeding by stopping the flow of blood through a large artery in a limb.

жгут

a tightly compressed bandage used to stop bleeding


foot-and-mouth disease

So Joe starts telling the citizen about the foot and mouth disease and the cattle traders and taking action in the matter and the citizen sending them all to the rightabout and Bloom coming out with his sheepdip for the scab and a hoose drench for coughing calves and the guaranteed remedy for timber tongue.

1922 February, James Joyce, “[Episode 12: The Cyclops]”, in Ulysses, Paris: Shakespeare and Company, […], →OCLC, part II [Odyssey], pages 301–302:

(pathology) A highly contagious and sometimes fatal viral disease that can affect animals with cloven hooves.


pronation

pronation (countable and uncountable, plural pronations)

From French pronation, from Latin pronatio.

(anatomy) The action of rotating the forearm so that the palm of the hand is turned down or back.


supination

supination (countable and uncountable, plural supinations)

(anatomy) The act of rotating the forearm so that the palm of the hand is turned up or forward, or the resulting state of the forearm

supinaatio

anatomy: act of rotating the forearm so that the palm is turned up or forward

(anatomy) The act or state of combined adduction and inversion of the foot.

supinaatio

anatomy: act or state of combined adduction and inversion of the foot


tocology

tocology (usually uncountable, plural tocologies)

From Ancient Greek τόκος (tókos, “childbirth”), from τίκτω (tíktō, “I give birth”).

uder

(medicine) The branch of medicine that deals with childbirth.


bradycardia

en-noun

bradycardia (countable and uncountable, plural bradycardias)

From Ancient Greek βραδύς (bradús, “slow”) + καρδία (kardía, “heart”), equivalent to brady- + -cardia.

(medicine, cardiology) The condition of having a slow heartbeat, defined as under 60 beats per minute for an adult.


orchiectomy

/ˌɔːɹkiːˈɛktəmi/

(surgery) The surgical removal of one or both testes.


sitophobia

From sito- + -phobia < Ancient Greek, σῖτος (sîtos, “wheat, bread”) + -φοβία (-phobía, “fear”).

(pathology) A morbid or insane dread of eating. An aversion to food.


abreact

en-verb

abreact (third-person singular simple present abreacts, present participle abreacting, simple past and past participle abreacted)

abreacts (present singular third-person)
abreacting (participle present)
abreacted (participle past)
abreacted (past)

Partial calque of German abreagieren, from ab (“away from, off, down from”) + reagieren (“to react”).

The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles

Oxford University Press
w:Oxford University Press

(transitive, psychoanalysis) To eliminate previously repressed emotions by reliving past experiences.


toxicology

en-noun

toxicology (countable and uncountable, plural toxicologies)

From French toxicologie, equivalent to toxico- + -logy.

(sciences, pharmacology) The branch of pharmacology that deals with the nature, effect, detection and treatment of poisons and poisoning.

toksikologie

scientific study of poisons and poisoning


traction

traction (usually uncountable, plural tractions)

From Medieval Latin tractio, from Latin tractus, perfect passive participle of verb trahere (“pull”), + noun of action suffix -io (genitive -ionis).

(medicine) A mechanically applied sustained pull, especially to a limb.


traction

en-verb

traction (third-person singular simple present tractions, present participle tractioning, simple past and past participle tractioned)

tractions (present singular third-person)
tractioning (participle present)
tractioned (participle past)
tractioned (past)

(medicine, transitive) To apply a sustained pull to (a limb, etc.).


punctum

From Latin pūnctum. Doublet of point and punto.

Thus, from what has been stated, we see that neither the white puncta nor the minute white branchwork of lines were ever tubular.

1861, The Annals and Magazine of Natural History: Zoology, Botany, and Geology:

(anatomy) A sharp tip of any part of the anatomy; a point or other small area.


punctum vasculosum

(anatomy) Any small drop of blood seen as a spot in sections of the brain.


DXM

(pharmacology) Abbreviation of dextromethorphan.


dextromethorphan

(pharmacology) An opioid that is used as an antitussive drug, found in many over-the-counter cold and cough preparations, and as an NMDA blocker used to treat pseudobulbar affect.


DM

en-noun

DM (countable and uncountable, plural DMs)

diabetes mellitus
diabetes mellitus#English

(pathology) Initialism of diabetes mellitus.

(pathology) Initialism of dermatomyositis.

(pharmacology) Abbreviation of dextromethorphan; also DXM.


revulsion

revulsion (usually uncountable, plural revulsions)

Partly from Middle French révulsion and partly from Latin revulsiō.

(medicine) The treatment of one diseased area by acting elsewhere; counterirritation.


achondroplastic

(teratology) Of, related to, or suffering from achondroplasia.

achondroplasique

relating to or suffering from achondroplasia


tranquilizer

(pharmacology) A drug used to reduce anxiety or tension.

(loosely) A gun that fires sedative darts.


infiltrate

en-verb

infiltrate (third-person singular simple present infiltrates, present participle infiltrating, simple past and past participle infiltrated)

infiltrates (present singular third-person)
infiltrating (participle present)
infiltrated (participle past)
infiltrated (past)

From Middle English infiltrate (adj), from Medieval Latin infiltrātus, from infiltrō.

процеждам

to cause a fluid to pass through a substance by filtration

High-grade tumors often infiltrate surrounding structures.

In certain conditions, immune cells may infiltrate into the cerebrospinal fluid.

Plesner et al. reported the nonbeta islet endocrine cell remodeling in diabetic NOD mice: that study suggested that infiltrating immune cells may restrict alpha-cell expansion in NOD mouse islet in the diabetic state [ 36 ].

2015 August 5, Roberto Codella et al., “Moderate Intensity Training Impact on the Inflammatory Status and Glycemic Profiles in NOD Mice”, in Journal of Diabetes Research, volume 2015, →DOI:

(transitive, intransitive, medicine) To invade or penetrate a tissue or organ.


infiltrate

One critical distinction to make is whether a focal corneal infiltrate is infected with bacteria or is a sterile immunologic response.

2008, Jimmy D. Bartlett, Siret D. Jaanus, Clinical Ocular Pharmacology, page 539:

Extensive lumpy infiltrates with a tendency to caseate and to form fistulas with purulent secretions appear, mainly in the anogenital region.

2013, Otto Braun-Falco, Dermatology, page 141:

Common immunohistochemical markers of this lymphoma include CD2, CD56, CD3, and T-cell receptors. 7 Typically, the histology of these lymphomas are characterized by monomorphic inflammatory cellular infiltrates, which may be diffuse or show angiocentricity and angiodestruction as well as tissue destruction. 7 Lymphoid markers from the nasal mucosal biopsy from this patient were negative for CD56 and EBER.

2015, Brook McConnell, M. Sherif Said, Vijay R. Ramakrishnan, “Nasal septal perforation associated with pyoderma gangrenosum”, in Allergy & Rhinology, volume 6, →DOI:

(pathology) Any undesirable substance or group of cells that has made its way into part of the body.


polycythemia

en-noun

polycythemia (countable and uncountable, plural polycythemias)

/ˌpɒlɪsaɪˈθiːmɪə/

From poly- + -cyte + -emia, with /θ/ for euphony; akin to poly- + -cyte + hem- + -ia; morphologically parallel with erythrocythemia.

(pathology) A rare disorder in which the bone marrow produces an abnormally large amount of blood cells, often red blood cells.


confounding

Confounding is defined as the confusion or distortion of measures of association between exposure and outcome as a result of third (or more) variable(s).

2013, Macera CA, Shaffer R, Shaffer PM, Introduction to Epidemiology: Distribution and Determinants of Disease,, Cengage Learning, page 158:

(epidemiology) The process by which an apparent association between an exposure and an outcome is actually explained by another factor.


amorphic

en-adj

amorphic (comparative more amorphic, superlative most amorphic)

more amorphic (comparative)
most amorphic (superlative)

/ˌəˈmɔːɹfɪk/

(genetics, of a mutation) Causing a complete loss of gene function.


implant

From Middle French implanter, from Latin implantō. By surface analysis, im- + plant.

They existed at a time in history when shock therapy, brain tissue manipulation, implants, drug experimentation and lobotomies were treatments de jour.

2007, Julie Albrecht Royce, Traveling Michigan's Sunset Coast, Dog Ear Publishing, published 2007, →ISBN, page 420:

Microbial samples and peri-implant crestal bone levels of all implant sites were obtained before, during and after the breakdown period.

2015 October 22, “Evaluation in a Dog Model of Three Antimicrobial Glassy Coatings: Prevention of Bone Loss around Implants and Microbial Assessments”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(medicine) Anything surgically implanted in the body, such as a tissue graft or prosthesis, particularly breast implants.

implantaat

anything surgically implanted in the body


subdural

(anatomy) Located beneath the dura mater and above the arachnoid mater.

subdural

located beneath the dura mater and above the arachnoid mater


subdural

subdural hematoma
subdural hematoma#English

(medicine, colloquial) Ellipsis of subdural hematoma..


tet

en-noun

tet (countable and uncountable, plural tets)

I was on oral tet for months after I was first dx backn in '88. All I got from it was a very, very nasty and upset GI track. I had to stop it.

1996 May 1, phyllis....@den.mmc.com, “Re: Tetracycline”, in sci.med.diseases.lyme (Usenet):

(informal, pharmacology) Clipping of tetracycline.


tet

(uncountable, informal, medicine) The tetralogy of Fallot.

(countable, informal, medicine) A patient with tetralogy of Fallot.


tet

“It's a tet shot,” Roddy told him, relieved. A tetanus injection was the usual thing for a cut or puncture wound on a horse.

1971, Adelaide Leitch, The Blue Roan, New York, NY: Henry Z. Walck, →ISBN, page 94:

(informal, pathology) Clipping of tetanus.


sedative

Inherited from Middle English sedatif, from Anglo-Norman sedatif, from Medieval Latin sēdātīvus, which itself likely influenced the modern spelling.

(pharmacology) An agent or drug that sedates, having a calming or soothing effect, or inducing sleep.


sedative

en-adj

sedative (comparative more sedative, superlative most sedative)

more sedative (comparative)
most sedative (superlative)

(pharmacology) Calming, soothing, inducing sleep, tranquilizing

успокоителен

calming, soothing, inducing sleep, tranquilizing


immunity

en-noun

immunity (countable and uncountable, plural immunities)

From Middle English immunite, from Old French immunité, from Latin immūnitās, in the legal sense; for the medical use see immunization.

Some people have better immunity to diseases than others.

(uncountable) The state of being insusceptible to something; notably:

(medicine) Protective resistance against disease.

حَصَانَة

the quality of being resistant to infection


incompatible

/ˌɪŋkəmˈpætɪbəl/

the incompatibles of iron

(medicine, chemistry, chiefly in the plural) An incompatible substance; one of a group of things that cannot be placed or used together because of a change of chemical composition or opposing medicinal qualities.


forearm

From fore- + arm. Compare Dutch voorarm (“forearm”), Danish forarm (“forearm”), German Vorderarm (“forearm”).

(anatomy) The part of the arm between the wrist and the elbow.

karera

part of a firearm below and supporting the barrel.


fellowship

fellowship (countable and uncountable, plural fellowships)

From Middle English felowschipe, felawshipe, felaȝschyp, equivalent to fellow + -ship; or perhaps adapted from Old Norse félagskapr, félagsskapr (“fellowship”). Compare Icelandic félagsskapur (“companionship, company, community”), Danish fællesskab (“fellowship”), Norwegian fellesskap (“fellowship”).

cog

(medicine) A period of supervised, sub-specialty medical training in the United States and Canada that a physician may undertake after completing a specialty training program or residency.


traumatic

en-adj

traumatic (comparative more traumatic, superlative most traumatic)

more traumatic (comparative)
most traumatic (superlative)

From the Latin traumaticus, from the Ancient Greek τραυματικός (traumatikós), from τραῦμα (traûma).

/tɹɔːˈmætɪk/

(medicine, dated) Of or relating to wounds; applied to wounds.


traumatic

From the Latin [medicāmentum] traumaticum, from traumaticus.

/tɹɔːˈmætɪk/

(dated, medicine) A medicine for wounds; a vulnerary.


analgesic

From analgesia (“absence of pain”) + -ic, from New Latin, from Ancient Greek ἀν- (an-, “without”) + ἄλγησις (álgēsis, “sense of pain”), from ἄλγος (álgos, “pain”).

I am taking an analgesic. Is it safe to drink alcoholic beverages?

2004, Jocoby, David B. and Youngson, R. M., Encyclopedia of Family Health, Marshall Cavendish, page 137:

2010, Associated Press staff, Cadence signs option to buy Incline (original copy), Bloomberg Businessweek

Incline makes Ionsys, a potential analgesic for adult inpatients requiring opioid pain treatment after surgery.

(pharmacology) Any medicine, such as aspirin, that reduces pain, especially without inducing a loss of other sensation. (Contrast anesthetic.)


analgesic

analgesic (comparative more analgesic, superlative most analgesic)

more analgesic (comparative)
most analgesic (superlative)

(pharmacology) Of or relating to analgesia; anodyne.

(of medicine) Acting to relieve pain; being an analgesic.

With the exception of the foot and a small area over the malar bone, the entire left side of the body is analgesic and anaesthetic. This extends to the exact median line of the body, including the left half of the tongue, nose and chin, […]

1896, Philadelphia General Hospital, Reports: Collected Reprints, page 138:

(I find that he is analgesic and anaesthetic; evidently he is in a state of passive somnambulism.)
E. A. Did you feel anybody touch you?
K. No. There's no one near me. (He continues laughing and talking. […])

1924, Maurice Walter Keatinge, Suggestion in Education:

Of or relating to analgesia; anodyne.
Unable to feel pain.


rejection

en-noun

rejection (countable and uncountable, plural rejections)

/ɹɪˈd͡ʒɛk.ʃən/

/ɹəˈd͡ʒɛk.ʃən/

From French réjection or directly from Latin reiectiōnem, accusative of Latin reiectiō. Displaced native Old English āworpennes (literally “thrown-out-ness”).

ncog

(medicine) An immune reaction of a host organism to a foreign biological tissue, such as in an organ transplant.

hylkiminen

medicine: immune reaction to foreign tissue


allergen

/ˈælə(ɹ)ˌd͡ʒɛn/

Syncopated compound of allergy + -gen, coined on the model of pharmaceutical words such as pathogen and antigen.

Pollen, dust, and spores are common allergens.

(medicine) A substance which causes an allergic reaction.


homeosis

en-noun

homeosis (countable and uncountable, plural homeoses)

(pathology) The formation of a normal plant or animal structure or organ in place of another at an abnormal site; the transformation of one body part to another.

homéose

transformation of one body part into another


ipsilateral

/ˌɪpsɪˈlætəɹəl/

The stroke was characterised by ipsilateral paralysis.

(anatomy, medicine) On the same side of the body.


hot spot

titik panas

location which has a higher temperature or amount of radiation than surrounding areas

пизэке

(figuratively) A place notable for a high level of activity or danger.

(genetics) The region of a gene in which there is a higher than normal rate of mutation.


prodrome

Probably by analogy with syndrome (pro- + -drome), but consistent with Ancient Greek προδρομή (prodromḗ, “running forward, sally, skirmish”).

uder

(medicine) An early sign or symptom (or set of signs and symptoms) warning of the onset of a disease.


Human Genome Project

(genetics) An organized international scientific endeavour to determine the complete structure of human genetic material (DNA), identify all the genes, and to understand their function.


coronal

en-adj

coronal (comparative more coronal, superlative most coronal)

more coronal (comparative)
most coronal (superlative)

From Middle English coronal, from Anglo-Norman coronal, from Latin corōnālis (“related to a crown”), from corōna (“crown”).

(anatomy) Relating to the coronal plane that divides a body into dorsal (back) and ventral (front).

(dentistry) Relating to the external (supragingival) portion of the tooth.

(urology) Relating to the corona glandis.


frenulum

Borrowed from New Latin frēnulum, diminutive of frēnum (“a bridle, curb, bit”).

Humans have three oral frenulums: beneath the tongue, between the upper lip and gum, and between the lower lip and gum.

(anatomy) A small fold or ridge of tissue that supports or restrains the motion of the part to which it is attached, in particular a fold of skin beneath the tongue, or between the lip and the gum.


frenum

Borrowed from Latin frēnum (“bridle, curb, bit”).


myologic

From Greek myo- "muscle" and -logy "study (of)".

(medicine) Of or pertaining to the study of muscles or muscle tissue.


monomorphic

/ˌmɑnoʊ̯ˈmɔɹfɪk/

From mono- (“one”) + -morphic (“of a form”).

(genetics, of a gene) Tnvariant across a species.


trepan

Borrowed into Middle English from Old French trepan, from Latin trepanum, from Ancient Greek τρύπανον (trúpanon, “auger, borer”). Doublet of trephine.

der

(medicine) A surgical instrument used to remove a circular section of bone from the skull; a trephine.


trepan

en-verb

trepan (third-person singular simple present trepans, present participle trepanning or trepaning, simple past and past participle trepanned or trepaned)

trepans (present singular third-person)
trepanning (participle present)
trepaning (participle present)
trepanned (participle past)
trepanned (past)
trepaned (participle past)
trepaned (past)

(medicine) To use a trepan; to trephine.


clinic

Borrowed from French clinique, from Late Latin clīnicus (“a bed-ridden person, one baptized on a sick-bed, a physician”), from Ancient Greek κλῑνικός (klīnikós, “pertaining to a bed”), from κλῑ́νη (klī́nē, “bed”), from κλῑ́νω (klī́nō, “to lean, incline”).

der

(medicine, by extension) A hospital session to diagnose or treat patients.

(medicine, obsolete) A school, or class, in which medicine or surgery is taught by examining and treating patients in the presence of the pupils.


aplasia

en-noun

aplasia (countable and uncountable, plural aplasias)

(pathology) A condition marked by the incomplete development, or entire absence, of an organ or tissue.

aplasie

incomplete development or absence of organ or tissue


aplastic

(pathology) Relating to the inability of the body to create new cells, such that tissue cannot grow or regenerate.


cranial

(anatomy) Of or relating to the cranium, or to the skull.

جُمْجُمِيّ

of or relating to the cranium, or to the skull


ectopia

ectopia (countable and uncountable, plural ectopias)

From Ancient Greek ἔκτοπία (éktopía), from ἔκτοπος (éktopos, “away from a place”), from ἐκ- (ek-) + τόπος (tópos).

(pathology) The condition where an organ or other body part has an abnormal position.


ectopic

en-adj

ectopic (comparative more ectopic, superlative most ectopic)

more ectopic (comparative)
most ectopic (superlative)

From Ancient Greek ἐκτόπιος (ektópios, “away from a place, out of place, out of the way”), from ἐκ (ek, “out”) + -topic τόπος (tópos, “place”).

uder

(comparable, medicine) Being out of place; having an abnormal position.

ektooppinen

being out of place, having an abnormal position


ectopic

(obstetrics, colloquial) An ectopic pregnancy.


arthroscopic

(medicine) Of or pertaining to arthroscopy.


arachnodactyly

(teratology) a condition in which the fingers and hands are abnormally long and slender


dyspeptic

en-adj

dyspeptic (comparative more dyspeptic, superlative most dyspeptic)

more dyspeptic (comparative)
most dyspeptic (superlative)

First attested in 1694. From Ancient Greek δύσπεπτος (dúspeptos, “difficult to digest”), from δυσ- (dus-, “bad”) + πέπτω (péptō, “I digest”).

af

...but Lady Anne could not be deceived—in five years' time he would become dyspeptic, be surrounded by physicians, consigned to all the Badens in Germany, and think much more of a renovating draught than a beautiful young wife.

1838 (date written), L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], “(please specify the page)”, in Lady Anne Granard; or, Keeping up Appearances. […], volume I, London: Henry Colburn, […], published 1842, →OCLC, pages 272–273:

(pathology, not comparable) Of, relating to, or having dyspepsia or indigestion.


oligodendroglia

en-noun

oligodendroglia (plural oligodendroglias or oligodendroglia)

oligodendroglias (plural)
oligodendroglia (plural)

(anatomy) tissue (neuroglia) consisting of glial cells that are smaller than astrocytes and form the myelin sheath


oligotrophic

en-adj

oligotrophic (comparative more oligotrophic, superlative most oligotrophic)

more oligotrophic (comparative)
most oligotrophic (superlative)

(physiology, of a diet) deficient in nutrition (providing little nourishment)


trophoblast

(cytology) The membrane of cells that forms the wall of a blastocyst during early pregnancy, providing nutrients to the embryo and later developing into part of the placenta.


tympanic

(anatomy) Relating to the tympanum, eardrum or middle ear.


pudic

pudic (comparative more pudic, superlative most pudic)

more pudic (comparative)
most pudic (superlative)

From French pudique, from Latin pudīcus, from pudet (“it shames”).

(anatomy) Pertaining to the pudendum or external genital organs; pudendal.


dermic

Underneath each nail the deep or dermic layer of the integument is peculiarly modified.

1874, Thomas Henry Huxley, Lessons in Elementary Physiology:

(anatomy) Of or relating to the dermis or skin.


sphenic

sphenic (comparative more sphenic, superlative most sphenic)

more sphenic (comparative)
most sphenic (superlative)

From Ancient Greek σφήν (sphḗn, “wedge”), + -ic.

(sciences, chiefly medicine, archaic) Shaped like a wedge.


tympanum

Borrowed from Latin tympanum (“a drum, timbrel, tambourine; the eardrum”). Doublet of timbre, timpani, timbal, and tymbal.

قَلْب القَوْصَرَة

triangular space between the sides of a pediment

(anatomy, zootomy) Any of various anatomic structures in various animals with analogy to a drum head:

(anatomy, zootomy) The eardrum (tympanic membrane, membrana tympanica).

(anatomy, zootomy) The main portion of the middle ear: the tympanic cavity (cavitas tympani).

(zootomy, entomology) A thin tense membrane covering the hearing organ on the leg or body of some insects, sometimes adapted (as in cicadas) for producing sound.

(zootomy) A membranous resonator in a sound-producing organ in frogs and toads.

(zootomy) (in certain birds) The labyrinth at the bottom of the windpipe.


stroma

From Latin stroma (“bed covering”), from Ancient Greek στρῶμα (strôma, “bed”), from στόρνυμι (stórnumi, “to stretch out”).

(anatomy) The tissue structure of an organ, etc., that serves to support it.


synaptic

From New Latin synapticus, from Ancient Greek συναπτικός (sunaptikós, “capable of adjusting”).

der

With a pencil, he highlights areas where synaptic function is declining, where the neurons are dying.

2020, Avni Doshi, Burnt Sugar, Hamish Hamilton, page 6:

(physiology) Of or relating to a synapse—the junction between the terminal of a neuron and another cell.

sinàptic

By far the greater proportion of cytologists however are of the opinion that the synaptic contraction is a normal stage in the heterotypic prophases.

1913, Frederick McAllister, On the cytology and embryology of Smilacina racemosa:

(cytology) Of or relating to a synapsis—the association of homologous maternal and paternal chromosomes during the initial part of meiosis.


tylectomy

(surgery) The surgical removal of a tumour or cyst, especially from the breast; a lumpectomy. It was used recently to represent removing active retinoblastoma tumors from the eye.


Tylenol

(Canada, US, pharmacology) A brand of acetaminophen (“paracetamol”)


concha

en-noun

concha (plural conchae or (archaic) conchæ)

conchae (plural)
conchæ (archaic plural)

Borrowed from Late Latin concha (“a mussel shell”). Doublet of conch.

(anatomy) The deepest indentation of the cartilage of the human ear, attaching to the mastoid bone and leading to its central opening.

(anatomy) Alternative form of nasal concha.

Any shell-shaped structure:
Alternative form of nasal concha.


semiotic

Borrowed from Ancient Greek σημειωτικός (sēmeiōtikós, “observant of signs”), ultimately derived from σῆμα (sêma, “mark, sign”). Compare semiotics.

bor

(medicine, dated) Of or relating to the signs or symptoms of diseases.


tympanoplasty

(surgery) Reconstructive surgery to the middle ear or eardrum


tympany

en-noun

tympany (countable and uncountable, plural tympanies)

Coined based on Ancient Greek τύμπανον (túmpanon).

(medicine) Tympanites (distention of the abdomen).


tympanites

(medicine) A distended abdomen as a result of an accumulation of gas.


typhlitis

(pathology) Inflammation of the blind gut (caecum).


typhlology

(medicine) The scientific study of blindness.


typhlosole

From typhl- (“blind, caecum”) + Ancient Greek σωλήν (sōlḗn, “channel, pipe”).

der

(anatomy) A fold in the surface of the intestines of some invertebrates etc that increases its digestive surface area.


atonic

en-adj

atonic (comparative more atonic, superlative most atonic)

more atonic (comparative)
most atonic (superlative)

an atonic disease

(medicine) Characterized by atony, or want of vital energy.


fascicle

From Latin fasciculus, a diminutive of fascis (“bundle”); see also fasces. Doublet of fasciculus.

(anatomy) A bundle of skeletal muscle fibers surrounded by connective tissue.


connecting tubule

en-noun

connecting tubule (plural connecting tubules)

(anatomy) A tubule in the nephron in the kidney that goes to the pelvis. Its primary function is to bring urine to the pelvis of the kidney.


histocompatibility antigen

histocompatibility antigen (plural histocompatibility antigens)

(immunology) Any of the human leukocyte antigens (HLAs) which are the determinants of histocompatibility


soft tissue

(anatomy) All the tissues of the body except the calcified ones such as bones and teeth. (Cartilage of joints is often excluded from the definition as well).


Hodgkin's disease

Hodgkin's lymphoma
Hodgkin's lymphoma#English

(oncology, pathology) Former name of Hodgkin's lymphoma.


Hodgkin's lymphoma

Hodgkin's lymphoma (countable and uncountable, plural Hodgkin's lymphomas)

Coordinate term: non-Hodgkin lymphoma

(pathology, oncology) A malignant lymphoid neoplasm characterized by the formation of large tumour cells (Reed-Sternberg cells) in the lymph nodes.


Reed-Sternberg cell

Reed-Sternberg cell (plural Reed-Sternberg cells)

Named after Dorothy Reed Mendenhall and Carl Sternberg, who provided the first definitive microscopic descriptions of Hodgkin's disease.

(oncology) A giant lymphocyte characteristic of Hodgkin's lymphoma.


ketogenesis

/ˌkiːtəʊˈd͡ʒɛnɪsɪs/

(physiology, biochemistry) The metabolic breakdown of fatty acids to produce ketone bodies.


embolic

en-adj

embolic (comparative more embolic, superlative most embolic)

more embolic (comparative)
most embolic (superlative)

(pathology) Of or relating to an embolus or an embolism.


Huntington's disease

Named after American physician George Huntington.

named-after

(pathology, neurology) A hereditary disorder of the basal ganglia that leads to progressive loss of motor coordination.


chorea

en-noun

chorea (countable and uncountable, plural choreas or choreae or choreæ)

choreas (plural)
choreae (plural)
choreæ (plural)

(pathology) Any of the various diseases of the nervous system characterized by involuntary muscular movements of the face and extremities; St. Vitus's dance.


recombinant

The new HIV test is the first test designed for widespread application that uses recombinant technology to test for highly specific HIV antibodies.

1988 December 11, Chris Bull, “Get Ready For The 5-Minute HIV Test”, in Gay Community News, volume 16, number 22, page 1:

(genetics) Formed by genetic recombination.


recombinant

(genetics) An organism, cell, or haplotype formed by genetic recombination.


temporize

en-verb

temporize (third-person singular simple present temporizes, present participle temporizing, simple past and past participle temporized)

term-label

(American spelling, Oxford British English)

temporizes (present singular third-person)
temporizing (participle present)
temporized (participle past)
temporized (past)
temporize (infinitive)

From Middle French temporiser (“to wait one's time, temporize”) + English -ize (suffix forming verbs). Temporiser is derived from Medieval Latin temporizāre, from Latin temporāre (“to delay, put off”) + -izāre (suffix forming the present active infinitive of verbs). Temporāre is derived from tempor-, the inflected stem of tempus (“age, time, period; season of the year; due, opportune, or proper time”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *temp-, *ten- (“to extend, stretch (in the sense of a stretch of time)”), or *temh₁- (“to cut (in the sense of a section of time)”)) + -āre.

der

This is especially true when we're faced with temporizing a patient who will ultimately receive veneer restorations.

2005, Dental Economics, volume 95, Tulsa, Okla.: PennWell Corporation, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 66:

(transitive, dentistry) To apply a temporary piece of dental work that will later be removed.

(transitive, medicine) To take temporary measures or actions to manage a situation without providing a definitive or permanent solution.


Dutch elm disease

Named after the country in which the disease was first identified. (It is not specific to Dutch elms.)

The village is a dignified place of thatch, half-timbering, box hedges and neat farms, set among elms (though not as many as formerly, since Dutch elm disease took its toll) on the level plain of the Pewsey Vale.

1980, AA Book of English Villages, Drive Publications Ltd, page 67:

The process began 50 years ago when Europe’s elms were ravaged by the beetle-borne fungal malady misnamed ʻDutch elm diseaseʼ (which, in fact, is Asian).

2018, Tim Flannery, Europe: A Natural History, page 296:

(phytopathology) A disease of elm trees caused by ascomycete fungi in the genus Ophiostoma and spread by bark beetles.


clastogenic

From Ancient Greek κλάω (kláō, “to break”) + -genic.

(genetics) capable of causing damage to chromosomes


antigenic

(immunology) Of or relating to an antigen.


radial

en-adj

radial (comparative more radial, superlative most radial)

more radial (comparative)
most radial (superlative)

From Medieval Latin radiālis (“radial”), from Latin radius.

(anatomy) Of, or relating to the radius bone.


bruxism

en-noun

bruxism (usually uncountable, plural bruxisms)

From Ancient Greek βρυχή (brukhḗ, “grinding of teeth”) + English -ism (suffix forming nouns indicating a tendency of action, behaviour, condition, or state). The word βρυχή is derived from Ancient Greek βρύκω (brúkō, “bite, chew; devour, gobble; grind one's teeth, gnash”).

der

Bruxism is defined as occlusal stress during sleep.

[1932, Bertrand S. Frohman, Jerome M. Schweitzer, “Occlusal Neuroses: The Application of Psychotherapy to Dental Problems”, in The Psychoanalytic Review, volume 19, number 3, New York, N.Y.: William A[lanson] White, M.D., and Smith Ely Jelliffe, M.D., →OCLC, page 297; quoted in “Occlusal Habit Neuroses. Gritting, or Grinding of the Teeth (Bruxism, Bruxomania).”, in Oral Rehabilitation: Complete Occlusal Reconstruction Treatment of Dental Deformities and Related Subjects: The Closed Bite, St. Louis, Mo.: The C. V. Mosby Company, 1951, →OCLC, page 612:

Employment of autosuggestion in the treatment of "bruxism" may not be so well known.

1940 November, Paul J. Boyens, “Value of Autosuggestion in the Therapy of ‘Bruxism’ and Other Biting Habits”, in The Journal of the American Dental Association, volume 27, number 11, Chicago, Ill.: American Dental Association, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 1773, column 1:

At the conclusion of the second International Conference on Endodontics in 1958 there was listed in the final summation the following very conservative statement: "There is a possibility that in rare cases bruxism may cause the death of the pulp."

1960 November, John I. Ingle, “Alveolar Osteoporosis and Pulpal Death Associated with Compulsive Bruxism”, in Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, and Oral Pathology, volume 13, number 11, St. Louis, Mo.: Mosby-Year Book, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC, →PMID, page 1371:

Disturbances of the Masticatory System gives a comprehensive outline of factors involved with a broad perspective as to the etiology of bruxisms, traumatic occlusion and functional disturbances of the temporomandibular joints and muscles.

1966, Walter Buchmann, “[book review]”, in Illinois Dental Journal, volume 35, Oakland Park, Ill.: Illinois State Dental Society, →OCLC, page 743, column 2:

[B. Z.] Rabinowitch feels that internal resorption may be caused by traumatic occlusion. He cites a case of internal resorption where there was no history or evidence other than continued bruxism as the etiology.

1972 January, William Myers, David Whitaker, “Endodontic Considerations in Occlusal Adjustment”, in Benjamin R. Baker, editor, The Journal of the North Carolina Dental Society, volume 55, number 1, Raleigh, N.C.: North Carolina Dental Society, →OCLC, →PMID, pages 16–17:

Abnormal function [of the temporomandibular joint], in turn, may be the result of a structural problem such as dental malocclusion or a functional problem such as bruxism (clenching and grinding of the teeth).

2011, Bernard Liebgott, “The Head by Regions”, in John Dolan, editor, The Anatomical Basis of Dentistry, 3rd edition, Maryland Heights, Mo.: Mosby, Elsevier, →ISBN, page 276, column 1:

Caffeine intake in high quantity is linked with an increased risk of sleep bruxisms in 1.5 times through mechanisms currently unknown. Heavy drinking and frequent alcohol intake during the day have also been associated with sleep bruxism.

2015, Nicolás Patricio Skármeta, Paula Espinoza-Mellado, Pedro Chana, “Orofacial Dystonia and Other Oromandibular Movement Disorders”, in Tamer Mohamed Gaber Rizk, editor, Dystonia: Different Prospects, London: IntechOpen, →DOI, →ISBN, section 4.5 (Sleep Bruxism Etiology), page 34:

(dentistry) The habit or practice of grinding the teeth, as while sleeping, or due to stress or certain drugs.


pyrexia

en-noun

pyrexia (countable and uncountable, plural pyrexias or pyrexiae)

From post-classical Latin pyrexia, from Ancient Greek πυρεξία (purexía, “feverishness”), from πυρετός (puretós, “fever”).

uder

The least defined pyrexiae were the continued fevers, divided mainly into typhus, enteric (typhoid) and relapsing.

1997, Roy Porter, The Greatest Benefit to Mankind, Folio Society, published 2016, page 253:


trench fever

en-noun

trench fever (countable and uncountable, plural trench fevers)

Pediculus humanus
Pediculus humanus#Translingual

(medicine) An acute infectious disease, caused by the microorganism Rickettsia quintana (now Bartonella quintana) and transmitted by the louse Pediculus humanus, that affected very many soldiers during World War I.


somatic sensory cortex

somatic sensory cortex (plural somatic sensory cortices)

(anatomy) The region of the cerebral cortex that receives somatic signals from the thalamus.


sthenic

en-adj

sthenic (comparative more sthenic, superlative most sthenic)

more sthenic (comparative)
most sthenic (superlative)

From New Latin sthenicus, from Ancient Greek σθένος (sthénos, “strength”).

cog

The resultant outcome of them is in any case what [Immanuel] Kant calls a ‘sthenic’ affection, an excitement of the cheerful, expansive, ‘dynamogenic’ order which, like any tonic, freshens our vital powers.

1902, William James, “Lecture XX: Conclusions”, in The Varieties of Religious Experience: A Study in Human Nature […] , New York, N.Y.; London: Longmans, Green, and Co. […], →OCLC, page 505:

(pathology, archaic) Characterized by nervous energy; robust, strong.

sthenisch

characterized by nervous energy — see also robust, strong


articular

From Latin articularis. English article + -ar.

an articular disease; an articular process

(anatomy) Of, at, or relating to the joints of the body.

ставен

of, at, or relating to the joints of the body


cricoid

/ˈkɹʌɪ.kɔɪd/

/ˈkɹaɪˌkɔɪd/

Borrowed rom New Latin cricoīdēs, from Ancient Greek κρῐκοειδής (krĭkoeidḗs, “ring-shaped, annular”), from κρίκος (kríkos, “ring”) + -ειδής (-eidḗs, “-like, -oid”).

af

(anatomy) Of, relating to, or being a cricoid cartilage.


cricoid

/ˈkɹʌɪ.kɔɪd/

/ˈkɹaɪˌkɔɪd/

What luck that Mr. Romeo still gripped and twisted and cracked that crooked cricoid as X-rayed by the firemen and mountain guides in the street.

1972, Владимир Набоков, Transparent Things, McGraw-Hill, page 81:

cricoid cartilage
cricoid cartilage#English

(anatomy) Ellipsis of cricoid cartilage..


incidentaloma

(medicine) A mass lesion discovered incidentally on radiologic examination.


somatization

en-noun

somatization (countable and uncountable, plural somatizations)

(medicine) The generation of physical symptoms of a psychiatric condition such as anxiety

Somatisierung

generation of physical symptoms for a psychiatric disorder


hyperbaric oxygen chamber

hyperbaric oxygen chamber (plural hyperbaric oxygen chambers)

(medicine) a pressurized vessel used to administer oxygen at elevated pressure


ice cap

After the use of ice caps for some days it is well to provide cool bathing for the head, at least three times daily.

1903, Canadian Journal of Medicine and Surgery, volume 14, page lii:

(medicine, historical) An ice pack designed to be worn on the head. [from 19th c.]


immunochemistry

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-immunochemistry.wav

(chemistry, immunology) The study of the structure of antibody molecules (immunoglobulins) and of their ability to bind with antigens of diverse chemical structure.


isotonic

/ˌɑɪ.səˈtɑː.nɪk/

(physiology) Of or involving muscular contraction against resistance in which the length of the muscle changes. Antonym is isometric. Isotonic movements are either concentric (working muscle shortens) or eccentric (working muscle lengthens). See also Wikipedia:Isotonic (exercise physiology)


rupia

From Ancient Greek ῥυπία (rhupía), from ῥύπος (rhúpos, “filth”).


DS

(pathology) Initialism of drug susceptible or drug sensitive.


DS

DS (countable and uncountable, plural DSs or DSes)

(medicine, usually used attributively) Initialism of double strength.


racephedrine

(pharmacology) Synthetic ephedrine, being a racemate of the R- and S- forms.


rachitic

en-adj

rachitic (comparative more rachitic, superlative most rachitic)

more rachitic (comparative)
most rachitic (superlative)

From rachitis (“rickets”) + -ic (suffix forming adjectives from nouns with the sense ‘of or pertaining to’), possibly modelled after French rachitique or Late Latin rachiticus. Rachitis is an unadapted borrowing from New Latin rachitis, used by the British physician Francis Glisson (1597–1677) to refer to rickets, from Koine Greek ῥαχῖτις (rhakhîtis) (in ῥαχῖτις νόσος (rhakhîtis nósos, “spinal inflammation”, literally “spinal disease”)), the feminine form of ῥαχίτης (rhakhítēs, “in or of the spine, spinal”), from Ancient Greek ῥάχῐς (rhákhĭs, “lower part of the back; (anatomy) backbone, spine”) (probably ultimately Pre-Greek) + -ῖτις (-îtis) (feminine form of -ῑ́της (-ī́tēs, suffix forming nouns with the sense ‘one connected to’)).

nb...

operâ primò ac potissimm Francisci Glissonii Doctoris & publici professoris medicinæ in almâ Cantabrigiæ academiâ, & socii collegii medicorum Londinensium, conscriiptus: adscitis in operis societatem Georgio Bate, & Ahasuero Regemortero medicinæ quoque doctoribus, & pariter sociis collegii medicorum Londinensium

for the First Time and Most Powerfully by Francis Glisson Doctor & Public Professor of Medicine in the University of Cambridge, & a Member of the College of Physicians of London: Approved in Affiliated Works by George Bate, & Assuerus Regimorter also Doctors of Medicine, & Fellow Members of the College of Physicians of London

apud quos veneunt in vico vulgò-vocato Little Britain

and to be sold in the neighbourhood commonly known as Little Britain

der

(affected by rickets):

Nor was there time to do much more than distribute some sweet to the pallid rachitic children.

1982, Lawrence Durrell, “Constance, or Solitary Practices”, in The Avignon Quintet, London: Faber & Faber, published 2004, →ISBN, page 761:

His companions—now I could see them as well. […] Tiny, nocturnal, twittering, they were like rachitic children, and as one went past me I saw mongoloid features and a bald head.

1989, Umberto Eco, chapter 113, in William Weaver, transl., Foucault’s Pendulum (A Helen and Kurt Wolff Book), San Diego, Calif.; New York, N.Y.: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, →ISBN, page 582:

They [the author's grandparents] brought Margot, who was a little more than a year old, back to Cataca with them, […] It was hard for me to get used to the change, because Margot came to the house like a creature from another life, rachitic and wild, and with an impenetrable interior world. When Abigaíl—the mother of Luis Carmelo Correa—saw her she could not understand why my grandparents had assumed the burden of that commitment. "The girl is dying," she said.

2003, Gabriel García Márquez, chapter 2, in Edith Grossman, transl., Living to Tell the Tale […], New York, N.Y.: Alfred A[braham] Knopf, →ISBN, page 80:

(pathology) Of or pertaining to, or affected by, rickets (“a disorder of infancy and early childhood due to a deficiency of vitamin D, causing soft or weak bones”).

рахитичен

of or pertaining to, or affected by, rickets


rachiometer

From Ancient Greek ῥάχις (rhákhis, “spine, ridge”) + -o- + -meter.

The rachiometer consists of a rigid vertical metal rod one inch in square dimensions. It is mounted on a base which supports a set of foot plates so placed that a patient can stand in front of the rod.[…]At one inch intervals running anteroposteriorly through sleeves within the vertical stand rod, are pencil like metal pegs that readily slide back and forth. After the patient is placed in position in front of the vertical square rod, these pegs are progressively brought, from above down, in contact with the patient's back. The patient then steps away from the rachiometer and it will be noted that the placed anterior tips of the pegs describes the spinal curves.

1976, Joseph Janse, Principles and practice of chiropractic, page 64:

Biomechanical instruments, such as the rachiometer and posturometer, have been developed to record spinal curvatures and relate these to radiological findings.

1987, Peter Curtis, “The Efficacy of Spinal Manipulation”, in Clinical concepts in regional musculoskeletal illness, page 55:

To measure the spinal alignment, the angle of 17 movable parts from between the first and second thoracic vertebrae (Th1/2) to between the fifth lumbar vertebra and first sacral vertebra (L5/S1) was measured in three postures, upright, flexion, and extension positions, in the sagittal plane using a rachiometer (Spinal Mouse™, Idiag AG, Switzerland). Four measurement items were thoracic vertebrae (Th1–Th12), lower thoracic vertebrae (Th9–Th12), lumbar vertebrae (Th12–S1), and sacral slope.

2021, Hayato Ikeda et al., “Effects of a wearable device and functional wear on spinal alignment and jump performance”, in Journal of Exercise Science and Fitness, volume 19, page 92:

(medicine, rare) A device for measuring spinal curvature.


rhizotomy

(surgery) The surgical procedure of cutting the anterior or posterior spinal nerve roots in order to relieve pain, or reduce muscle spasms.


radio knife

(medicine) A surgical instrument that uses a high-frequency electric arc to cut through or cut away tissue and at the same time sterilize the edges of the wound and seal cut blood vessels.


radiosterilized

(medicine) Sterilized by radiosterilization.


immunoglobulin

The recent observation that a heat labile human immunoglobulin, IgE , could mediate the release of both histamine and SRS-Aᵐᵒⁿᵏᵉʸ from primate lung slices (Ishizaka et al., 1969), prompted a re-examination of the biologic activity of rat heat labile homocytotropic antibody.

1969, Robert P. Orange, K. Frank Austen, “Slow Reacting Substance of Anaphylaxis”, in Advances in Immunology - Volume 10, page 144:

(biochemistry, immunology) Any of the glycoproteins in blood serum that respond to invasion by foreign antigens and that protect the host by removing pathogens; an antibody.


immunological

(medicine) Any drug used to treat the immune system.


immunology

en-noun

immunology (usually uncountable, plural immunologies)

Obviously, licentiates to practice medicine should receive instruction of a definite and practical nature in this important branch of modern medicine, or immunology should receive a place in the classification of specialties, a fact which the importance of the subject may command.

1915, Benjamin Abraham Thomas, Applied Immunology:

(medicine) The branch of medicine that concerns the body's immune system.


immunosuppression

immunosuppression (usually uncountable, plural immunosuppressions)

It has been reported that periparturient cows undergo a period of immunosuppression of various immunological parameters associated with a high susceptibility to uterine and mammary infections […]

2015 August 29, “Different Blood Cell-Derived Transcriptome Signatures in Cows Exposed to Vaccination Pre- or Postpartum”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(immunology, medicine) The suppression of the immune response, especially its active medical suppression by human agency (via immunosuppressant drugs) to treat autoimmune diseases or to prevent allograft rejection after transplant.

نقص المناعة

medical suppression of the immune response


immune response

immune response (plural immune responses)

(immunology) The body's integrated response to an antigen, mediated by lymphocytes.

resposta immunitària

the body's integrated response to antigens


lilliputian

From the name of a fictional island called Lilliput in the novel Gulliver's Travels by Jonathan Swift.

(genetics) A fruit fly gene that, when mutated, makes cells abnormally small. See AFF2.


immunotherapy

(immunology) The treatment of disease (especially cancers and autoimmune diseases) by adjusting the body's immune response.

(immunology, oncology) The treatment of cancer by improving the ability of the host to reject a tumour immunologically: cancer immunotherapy.


immunologically

en-adv

immunologically (comparative more immunologically, superlative most immunologically)

more immunologically (comparative)
most immunologically (superlative)

This kind of warfare [i.e., biological] would have us devouring the world’s children in a manner of speaking and those who are immunologically impaired, presuming we were going to immunize our own population but not those of the antagonist. Thus we would be conducting warfare which by definition would be indiscriminate rather than selective. We would lose control of the evolution of the bacteria that we would be releasing in the multitrillions.

1992, Douglas MacLean, quoting Marc Lappé, “Ethics and Biological Defense Research”, in Raymond A[llan] Zilinskas, editor, The Microbiologist and Biological Defense Research: Ethics, Politics, and International Security (Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences; 666), New York, N.Y.: The New York Academy of Sciences, →ISBN, part II (Ethics of Biological Defense Research), page 112:

(immunology) Using immunological methods.


rheumatology

From Ancient Greek ῥεῦμα (rheûma) (whence also English rheum) + -ology.

(medicine) The branch of medicine specializing in arthritis and other ailments of the joints.


DES

en-noun

DES (countable and uncountable, plural DESes or DESs)

Dry Eye Syndrome
dry eye syndrome#English

(pathology) Initialism of Dry Eye Syndrome.

(pathology) Initialism of Diffuse Esophageal Spasm.

Coordinate term: BMS

(medicine) Initialism of Drug-Eluting Stent.


shooter

From Middle English schoter, schuter, schotter, scheter, schetare, scheotere, from Old English sċēotere (“shooter”), equivalent to shoot + -er. Compare Dutch schieter, schutter (“shooter”), German Schießer (“shooter”), Swedish skjutare, West Frisian sjitter (“shooter”).

alternative medicine
alternative medicine

(alternative medicine) A device supposed to accumulate orgone.


pediatrics

From Ancient Greek παῖς (paîs, “child”) + -iatrics.

(American spelling, medicine) The branch of medicine that deals with the treatment of children and adolescents.


evocator

(medicine) A particular factor that controls the morphogenesis of the early embryo; the inductor.


clearance

clearance (countable and uncountable, plural clearances)

(medicine) The removal of harmful substances from the blood; renal clearance.

пречистване

medicine: removal of harmful substances from the blood


refill

[ˈɹʷɪi̯.fɪɫ]

l-vocalizing: UK, General Australian, New Zealand

That which serves to refill or replace something.

(medicine, pharmacy) A repeat of a prescription.


refill

en-verb

refill (third-person singular simple present refills, present participle refilling, simple past and past participle refilled)

refills (present singular third-person)
refilling (participle present)
refilled (participle past)
refilled (past)

(medicine, pharmacy) To repeat a prescription.


active ingredient

en-noun

active ingredient (plural active ingredients)

(pharmacology) The specific compound in a natural or man-made mixture that is responsible for the mixture's activity.


miscarriage

miscarriage (countable and uncountable, plural miscarriages)

(medicine) The spontaneous natural termination of a pregnancy, especially before it is viable; the fatal expulsion of a foetus from the womb before term.


velum

Borrowed from Latin vēlum (“a cloth, covering, awning, curtain, veil”). Doublet of veil.

bor

a thin membrane resembling a veil or curtain, such as:


strep throat

(pathology) An infection of the throat with streptococci.


xiphoid process

en-noun

xiphoid process (plural xiphoid processes)

/ˈzɪˌfɔɪd ˈpɹɑˌsɛs/

The adult sternum is comprised of three main parts—the manubrium, sternal body, and xiphoid process. The manubrium (fig. 7.2a) is the thickest, most superior part of the sternum, while the xiphoid process is variable in appearance and forms the inferior terminus of the sternum.

2005, Brenda J. Baker, Tosha L. Dupras, Matthew W. Tocheri, The Osteology of Infants and Children, Texas A&M University Press, page 96:

2005, Kenneth L. Franco, Joe Billy Putnam, Advanced Therapy in Thoracic Surgery, B.C. Decker Inc., 2nd Edition, page 152,
In chondrosternal prominence where there is angulation at the sternoxiphoidal junction, the xiphoid process is detached and a 2 to 3 cm length of the lower sternum is resected.

This is a constellation of symptoms, including severe intermittent anterior chest wall pain in the region of the xiphoid process, made worse with overeating, stooping, and bending (Figures 103-2 and 103-3)

2016, Steven D. Waldman, Atlas of Pain Management Injection Techniques, 4th edition, Elsevier, page 360:

(anatomy, medicine) The small cartilaginous extension to the lower part of the sternum, usually ossified in the adult human.

xipho-

and thus see: Category:English terms prefixed with xipho-


blood bank

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-blood bank.wav

(medicine) a place where human blood or blood plasma is typed and stored for use in transfusions

banc de sang

(medicine) the range of such blood products stored


sperm bank

Use of sperm banks would avoid mutations induced by radiation, Dr. Muller said.

1961 August 29, Donald Janson, “Sperm Bank Asked For Armed Forces; Radiation Damage Feared by Nobel Prize Winner”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, page 26:

Frozen sperm banks make it possible to improve the breed of cattle, goats, chicken, even herring. Why not man?

1971 January 26, Lucy Kavaler, “Sperm in the Deep‐Freeze”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

artificial insemination
artificial insemination

(medicine) A place where sperm from donors is stored for future use in artificial insemination.


agonic

Borrowed from French agonique (“possessing or filled with agony; agonous”), from agonie (“the moment just before death”) + -ique (suffix forming adjectives from nouns) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *-kos (suffix forming adjectives denoting “the characteristic of, typical of, pertaining to”)). Agonie is ultimately derived from Ancient Greek ἀγωνίᾱ (agōníā, “agony, anguish”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eǵ- (“to drive”).

der

A study of the conditions under which agonic invagination of the intestine occurs will not be out of place in considering the etiology of intussusception. Agonic invagination is very much more common in children than adults, the proportion being, according to [Hermann] Nothnagel, one to fifty. [Luther Emmett] Holt says that agonic invagination is met with in 80 per cent. of the post mortems on infants.

1907 July 20, P. L. Hipsley, “The Etiology of Intussusception”, in George E. Rennie, editor, The Australasian Medical Gazette: The Journal of the Australasian Branches of the British Medical Association, volume XXVI, number 7 (number 310 from the start), Sydney, N.S.W.: Published by the New South Wales Branch of the British Medical Association, at 121 Bathurst Street, Sydney, →OCLC, page 339, column 2:

The author is entirely at one with Brockbank that platelets are agonic products of red cells and dismisses the other theories shortly.

1914, The Medical Chronicle: A Monthly Record of the Progress of the Medical Sciences, volume XXVI (series IV), Manchester: Sherratt & Hughes, →OCLC, page 550:

(medicine, obsolete) Occurring shortly before death; agonal.


cardia

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek καρδία (kardía, “heart”). Doublet of heart and possibly of core.

lbor

In some insects different cell types can be identified microscopically within the cardia.

2004, William H. Marquardt, Biology of Disease Vectors, page 300:

The first one is stripping from up to down for tumours in the cardias, the other one is stripping from down to up for cervical esophageal cancer.

2012, Kin-ichi Nabeya, editor, Recent Advances in Diseases of the Esophagus:

After several rinses in fresh culture medium the cardiae were transferred to sterilized vessels with culture medium which had been sterilized by filtration.

2012, Werner Peters, Peritrophic Membranes:

(anatomy) The area of the stomach which directly receives contents from the esophagus.

càrdies

section of the esophagus that connects to the stomach


integumentary pattern

en-noun

integumentary pattern (plural integumentary patterns)

(anatomy) All the features of the skin, feathers, etc. of an animal that are arranged in designs; especially, the configuration of epidermal ridges (dermatoglyphics) characteristic of primates.


integumentary system

integumentary system (plural integumentary systems)

(anatomy) The skin, feathers and other outer coverings of an animal.


achalasia

achalasia (countable and uncountable, plural achalasias)

From Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-, “not”) + χάλασις (khálasis, “relaxation”), from χαλάω (khaláō, “I loosen”).

Coordinate term: pseudoachalasia

(medicine) A neuromuscular condition where a ring of muscles is unable to relax fully, causing obstruction of a lumen, as:

(usually and especially) Such obstruction in the esophagus: esophageal achalasia.

(strictly) Such esophageal achalasia of primary (idiopathic) nature: primary esophageal achalasia.

(occasionally) Such obstruction due to impairment of other gastrointestinal tract smooth muscles.


CAT scan

Computed axial tomography
computed axial tomography

(medicine) Computed axial tomography scan.

tomografaĵo

A scan produced by this technique, a computed axial tomography scan


pseud

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-pseud.wav

(medicine, colloquial) Pseudomonas bacteria.


QRS complex

(medicine, cardiology) A series of graphical deflections on a typical electrocardiogram that represents the electrical changes generated by the depolarization of the heart ventricles.


quadratus

From Latin quadratus, perfect passive participle of quadro (“I make square”).

(anatomy) Any of several roughly square or rectangular muscles, e.g. in the abdomen, thigh, and eye socket.


platypnea

From platy- + -pnea, from Ancient Greek πλατύς (platús, “flat”) and πνοή (pnoḗ, “breath, breathing”).

(medicine) Shortness of breath that occurs when the patient is upright, that is, sufficient breathing only when lying flat.


autolytic

/ˌɔːtəˈlɪtɪk/


autolysis

From auto- (“self”) + -lysis (“breakdown”).

(pathology, cytology) The destruction of an organism's cells by enzymes produced by the organism itself.

саморазлагане

the destruction of an organism's cells by enzymes

(pathology) The autodigestion of the tissues of an organism.

(pathology) The autocytolysis of blood cells.


kyphosis

kyphosis (countable and uncountable, plural kyphoses)

From Ancient Greek κυφός (kuphós, “humpback, bent”) + -osis.

der

(anatomy) The normal convex curvature of the spine in the thoracic and sacral regions.

(pathology) An abnormal convex curvature of the spine in the cervical or lumbar regions of the spine.


gelastic

From γελαστής (gelastḗs, “laughter”), from γελάω (geláō, “I laugh”) + -ic.

(medicine) Relating to a particularly severe form of epileptic fit, in which there is a sudden burst of energy.


biotype

(genetics) A group of organisms having the same specific genotype


X-linked trait

(genetics) Any trait or characteristic whose appearance or absence in a person is determined by a gene on the sex chromosomes. Typically, these genes are found on the X chromosome but not on the Y chromosome.


peripeteia

en-noun

peripeteia (countable and uncountable, plural peripeteias)

/pɛɹɪpɪˈtɪə/

/pɛɹɪpɪˈtaɪə/

/pɛɹɪpɪˈtiə/

/pɛɹɪpɪˈteɪə/

From Late Latin peripetia, and its source Ancient Greek περιπέτεια (peripéteia), from περιπίπτω (peripíptō, “to change suddenly”), from περί (perí, “round, around, about”) + the stem of πίπτω (píptō, “to fall”).

The visual moment whose consequences Freud began to ponder in the essay on the phallic stage has evolved into a peripeteia: "Some day or other it happens that the child whose own penis is such a proud possession obtains a sight of the genital parts of a little girl; he must then become convinced of the absence of a penis in a creature so like himeself. With this, however, the loss of his own penis becomes imaginable, and the threat of castration achieves its delayed effect."

1989, Elizabeth Abel, Virginia Woolf and the Fictions of Psychoanalysis, →ISBN, page 6:

(psychoanalysis) A turning point in psychosocial development.


petechia

Learned borrowing from New Latin petechia, from Italian petecchie (“skin eruptions”, plural), probably from a popular Latin diminutive of petigo (“scab, eruption”) (from impetīgo).

der

It is scurvy. All my authorities agree – weakness, diffused muscular pain, petechia, tender gums, ill breath – and M’Alister has no doubt of it.

The marks on Jane's skin were petechiae, little hemorrhages that indicate lack of platelets in the blood. She needed two units of platelets transfused into her bloodstream.

2005, Donald Hall, The Best Day the Worst Day: Life with Jane Kenyon, Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, →ISBN, page 97:

(medicine) A small spot, especially on an organ, caused by bleeding underneath the skin.

petekkia

a small spot, especially on an organ, caused by bleeding underneath the skin


dysmorphism

en-noun

dysmorphism (countable and uncountable, plural dysmorphisms)

Primary genetic or endocrine etiologies are rare but need to be taken into consideration, if the child has dysmorphism, severe hyperphagia, developmental delay, clinical signs of Cushing impressively increasing in or Cushingoid syndromes, and hypothyroidism.

2020, Consolato M. Sergi, “[[Parenchymal GI Glands: Liver] Viral and AI Hepatitis, Chemical Injury, and Allograft Rejection] Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis”, in Pathology of Childhood and Adolescence: An Illustrated Guide, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature, →ISBN, page 498, column 2:

(anatomy) any malformation of the anatomy


pleuro-

pleurogenic, pleuropericarditis

(medicine) Of or pertaining to the pleura; pleural.


ptosis

ptosis (countable and uncountable, plural ptoses)

From Ancient Greek πτῶσις (ptôsis, “falling, fall”), from πίπτω (píptō, “to fall down”) + -σις (-sis, nominal suffix). First used in 1710.

af

There were many other factors to be taken into account: Miss West’s age, the type of enlargement, whether the condition was one of pure hypertrophy, the degree of ptosis present, the actual scale of enlargement and, finally, the presence of any pathology in the breast tissue itself.

1970, JG Ballard, The Atrocity Exhibition:

(medicine) The prolapse of a bodily organ, especially drooping of the eyelid or the breasts.


epiblast

1993, Oded Khaner, 5: Axis Determination in the Avian Embryo, Roger A. Pederson, Current Topics in Developmental Biology, Volume 28, Academic Press, page 171,
Hypoblasts from these stages were separated from the epiblasts and rotated 90 and 180°, relative to their posterior regions.

It has been demonstrated that the clonal descendants of individual epiblast cells could contribute to a variety of embryonic and extraembryonic tissues that are derived from all three germ layers (Lawson et al., 1991; Lawson and Pedersen, 1992).

1999, Bruce P. Davidson, Anne Camus, Patrick P. L. Tam, “33: Cell Fate and Lineage Specification in the Gastrulating Mouse Embryo”, in Sally A. Moody, editor, Cell Lineage and Fate Determination, Academic Press, page 497:

The cells of the primitive embryoblast differentiate into two layers, the epiblast and the hypoblast.

2006, Cynthia S. Cook, Kathleen K. Sulik, Kenneth W. Wright, “1: Embryology”, in Kenneth W. Wright, Peter H. Spiegel, Lisa Thompson, editors, Handbook of Pediatric Eye and Systemic Disease, Springer, page 1:

Shortly after the blastocyst implants, the epiblast elongates and begins receiving regionalized patterning signals that direct different compartments of it to differentiate into the definitive endoderm, the mesoderm, or the definitive ectoderm.

2011, K. M. Loh, Boon Seng Soh, Wai Leong Tam, Bing Lim, “2: Molecular Principles Underlying Pluripotency and Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells”, in Ariff Bongso, Eng Hin Lee, editors, Stem Cells: From Bench to Bedside, World Scientific, page 26:

(biology, embryology) The outer layer of a blastula that, after gastrulation, becomes the ectoderm.

eipeablast

biology: the outer layer of a blastula that, after gastrulation, becomes the ectoderm

primitive ectoderm

outer layer of a blastula that becomes the ectoderm


syncope

en-noun

syncope (countable and uncountable, plural syncopes)

Learned borrowing from Late Latin syncopē, from Ancient Greek συγκοπή (sunkopḗ), from συγκόπτω (sunkóptō, “cut up”) + -η (-ē, nominalization suffix), from σύν (sún, “beside, with”) + κόπτω (kóptō, “strike, cut off”).

lbor

Sometimes, without any apparent cause, I sank, little by little, into a condition of semi-syncope, or half swoon; and, in this condition, without pain, without ability to stir, or, strictly speaking, to think, but with a dull lethargic consciousness of life and of the presence of those who surrounded my bed, I remained, until the crisis of the disease restored me, suddenly, to perfect sensation.

1844, Edgar Allan Poe, The Premature Burial:

Schneider, the father of rhinology, mentions a woman in whom the odor of orange-flowers produced syncope.

1896, George M. Gould, Walter Lytle Pyle, Anomalies and Curiosities of Medicine:

[…]the rapidly-whitening face, the miserable fixed smile, meant a syncope within the next few bars.

(biology, medicine) A loss of consciousness when someone faints.


planum

From Latin plānum (“level ground, plain”).


planum temporale

(anatomy) A flat upper surface on the temporal lobe of the brain, involved in hearing and language.


temporal lobe

(neuroanatomy, anatomy) One of the four major divisions of the cerebrum of the brain, located behind the temples.


frontal lobe

The frontal lobe is the seat of the higher functions of the brain — reasoning, forethought, problem-solving, emotional control, and so on.

2019, Bill Bryson, The Body: A Guide for Occupants, Black Swan (2020), page 61:

(anatomy) One of the four major divisions of the cerebrum of the brain, located behind the forehead.


parietal lobe

The parietal lobe manages sensory inputs like touch and temperature.

(anatomy) One of the four major divisions of the cerebrum of the brain.


occipital lobe

The occipital lobe processes visual information.

(anatomy) One of the four major divisions of the cerebrum of the brain, located at the back of the head.


nonstop

(genetics) Describing a point mutation within a stop codon that causes the continued translation of an mRNA strand.


dol

Clipping of Latin dolor (“sorrow, pain”). Doublet of dolor.

(medicine) The unit of measurement for pain.


parietal

en-adj

parietal (comparative more parietal, superlative most parietal)

more parietal (comparative)
most parietal (superlative)

From Latin parietālis, from pariēs (“wall”).

Hydrochloric acid is secreted by the parietal cells of the gastric glands, located on the wall of the fundus of the stomach.

The superior aspect of the supramarginal gyrus lies underneath the euryon, which corresponds to the most prominent point of the parietal tuberosity or bossa […]

2018, Guilherme Carvalhal Ribas, Applied Cranial-Cerebral Anatomy:

(anatomy) Of or relating to the wall of a body part, organ or cavity.

parietaalinen

of or relating to the wall of a body part, organ or cavity

(anatomy) Of or relating to the parietal bones.


parietal

(anatomy) Either of the two parietal bones, on the top and side of the skull.


glosso-

From Ancient Greek γλῶσσᾰ (glôssă, “tongue; language”) + -o-.

af

glossopharyngeal

(anatomy) Of or pertaining to the tongue.


omo-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ὦμος (ômos, “the shoulder”).

bor

(anatomy) Of or pertaining to the shoulder and scapula.


rhombencephalon

en-noun

rhombencephalon (plural rhombencephalons or rhombencephala)

rhombencephalons (plural)
rhombencephala (plural)


ruga

Borrowed from Latin rūga (“a crease in the face, wrinkle”).

bor

Female: Face subpolished, weakly rugose, rugae somewhat diverging, at sides sparsely and shallowly punctate; […]

1980, Joseph Kenneth Jonathan, The Isotima-complex (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), page 83:

the deadly water-snakes coil’d together like the Rugæ of a single great Brain, the gray and even illumination from the Sky

(anatomy, zootomy, botany, usually in the plural) A fold, crease or wrinkle.


stopping

an amalgam stopping

curious antiquaries, sifting the ruins of time, when London is a grass-grown path and all those hurrying along the pavement this Wednesday morning are but bones with a few wedding rings mixed up in their dust and the gold stoppings of innumerable decayed teeth

1925, Virginia Woolf, Mrs. Dalloway, Harcourt, Brace & World, Inc., page 23:

Then one day a big stopping came out of one of my back teeth.

1958, Henno Martin, translated by Edward Fitzgerald, The Sheltering Desert, New York: Thomas Nelson, page 125:

(dentistry, dated) Material for filling a cavity in a tooth.