sulphanilamide

sulphanilamide (countable and uncountable, plural sulphanilamides)

Gerhard Domagk discovered that the red dye Prontosil is active against streptococcal infections in mice and humans. Soon afterward French workers showed that its active antibacterial agent is sulphanilamide.

2001, Leslie Iversen, Drugs: A Very Short Introduction, Oxford, page 9:

(British spelling, pharmacology) The amide of sulphanilic acid, used to treat streptococcal infections; the parent compound of the sulphonamides.


worried well

Coined in 1970 by Sidney Garfield, founder of Kaiser Permanente.

"In cities with a high and more visible number of men becoming sick and dying from AIDS, the worried well report panic attacks, somatic preoccupations, and difficulty functioning on the job because of obsessional worrying about the syndrome."

1987, Kathy J. Harowski, “The Worried Well: Maximizing Coping in the Face of AIDS”, in Psychotherapy With Homosexual Men and Women, →ISBN, page 302:

(medicine) Users of medical or psychiatric services who are not suffering from any diagnosable disease.


neurotransmission

/ˌnʊɹoʊtɹænzˈmɪʃən/

/ˌnɝoʊtɹænzˈmɪʃən/

/ˌnjʊəɹəʊtɹænzˈmɪʃən/

/ˌnjɔːɹəʊtɹænzˈmɪʃən/

(neurology) The transfer of impulses between neurons.


therapeutic window

en-noun

therapeutic window (plural therapeutic windows)

2001: The separation between the dose range in which the desirable medical benefits are seen, and the higher dose range at which adverse effects emerge, is known as the ‘therapeutic window’. — Leslie Iversen, Drugs: A Very Short Introduction (Oxford 2001, p. 31)

(pharmacology) The range of doses of a drug which are effective without being harmful.


exscind

en-verb

exscind (third-person singular simple present exscinds, present participle exscinding, simple past and past participle exscinded)

exscinds (present singular third-person)
exscinding (participle present)
exscinded (participle past)
exscinded (past)

Learned borrowing from Latin exscindō (“demolish, destroy”), originally in the sense “to destroy utterly”.

lbor

It should be mentioned that matter which has became^([sic]) untrue by the progress of events since the first edition of this book has been carefully exscinded.

1902 September 1, H. T. Kealing, “A Statement”, in William C. Neill, Colored Americans in the Wars of 1776 and 1812:


gonial

"We have seen that the gonial diameter, being related to the head breadth, is higher among the northern groups and especially among Mongols."

1925, Sergeĭ Mikhaĭlovich Shirokogorov, Anthropology of Eastern China and Kwangtung Province, page 79:

(anatomy, dentistry) Of or pertaining to the gonion, the point at the apex of the mandible, or lower jaw.


gonial

Extracted from spermatogonial and oogonial, these being the cells the gonia develop into.

"When found, the expelled elements may be gonial cells or oocytes, normal or rarely degenerating."

1932, Tso-hin Cheng, The Germ Cell History of Rana Cantabrigensis Baird, page 558:

(cytology) Of or pertaining to the gonia, primitive germ cells.


interstitium

From Latin interstitium, from inter (“between”) + sistō (“to stand, place”).

(medicine) An interstitial space within a tissue or organ.

間質 /间质

(medicine) Specifically the tissue between the pulmonary alveoli and the bloodstream.


Sertoli cell

Named for Enrico Sertoli, who published the first description of these cells in 1865.

In 2009, researchers reported7 deactivating an ovarian gene called Foxl2 in adult female mice; they found that the granulosa cells that support the development of eggs transformed into Sertoli cells, which support sperm development.

2015, Claire Ainsworth, ‘Sex redefined’, Nature, volume 518, number 7539:

(anatomy) A kind of sustentacular cell which serves as a "nurse" cell of the testes and which is part of a seminiferous tubule.


ranitidine

The huge sales of one drug in particular, ranitidine (sold under the trade name Zantac®), helped to lift the British pharmaceutical company Glaxo into the world league.

2001, Leslie Iversen, Drugs: A Very Short Introduction, Oxford, page 46:

(pharmacology) A furan (trademark Zantac) which blocks the histamine H₂-receptors, to prevent the secretion of gastric acid.


omeprazole

/əʊˈmɛp.ɹə.zəʊl/

From o(xy)- + me(tho)- + -prazole (“benzimidazole derivative”).

af

2001: The first successful drug of this class was omeprazole (sold under the trade name Losec®), and it helped to change the medium-sized Swedish pharmaceutical company Astra, which discovered it, into a major player in the pharmaceutical industry. — Leslie Iversen, Drugs: A Very Short Introduction (Oxford 2001, p. 46)

gastroesophageal reflux
gastroesophageal reflux

(pharmacology) A substituted benzimidazole (trademark Losec, Prilosec) which is a proton pump inhibitor and inhibits secretion of gastric acid, being given orally in the treatment of ulcers and gastroesophageal reflux; 5-methoxy-2-(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-2-pyridylmethylsulfinyl)benzimidazole, C₁₇H₁₉N₃O₃S.


diazepam

en-noun

diazepam (countable and uncountable, plural diazepams)

2001: The most effective anti-anxiety drugs (tranquillizers) are the benzodiazepines, epitomized by diazepam (Valium®). — Leslie Iversen, Drugs: A Very Short Introduction (Oxford 2001, p. 57)

(pharmacology) A tranquilizing muscle relaxant drug (trademark Valium) used chiefly to relieve anxiety.


AZT

AZT, the only AIDS treatment fully approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), is extremely toxic, and many people with AIDS cannot cake it or must discontinue taking it after some period of time.

1989 April 8, Judy Harris, “Fenway to Administer Peptide T”, in Gay Community News, page 3:

(pharmacology) Abbreviation of azidothymidine.


onchocerciasis

onchocerciasis (countable and uncountable, plural onchocerciases)

/ɒŋkəsɜːˈkaɪəsɪs/

From New Latin Onchocerca (a genus of parasitic worms), from Ancient Greek ὄγκος (ónkos, “barb”) + κέρκος (kérkos, “tail”) + -iasis.

der

(pathology) A disease caused by a worm of the genus Onchocerca, especially as transmitted to humans by flies and often causing blindness; common in tropical Africa.


-logue

From French -logue, from Ancient Greek -λόγος (-lógos, “one who speaks (in a certain manner)”).

(chemistry, genetics) Used to denote correspondence (homology or analogy).


cannabinol

en-noun

cannabinol (countable and uncountable, plural cannabinols)

Cannabis sativa
Cannabis sativa#Translingual

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) A psychoactive cannabinoid found in the hemp plant Cannabis sativa; an oxidation product of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC).


miRNA

From microRNA. The seminal article on microRNAs did not introduce the abbreviation miRNA nor the term microRNA, but rather referred to the entities as small RNAs.

There are ~80 genes in the C elegans genome coding for miRNAs that are twenty-one to twenty-four nucleotides long.

2007, Benjamin Lewin, Genes IX, →ISBN, page 343:

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) finely regulate gene expression and play an important role in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis.

2010, Dimond, Patricia F., "miRNAs' Therapeutic Potential" (original copy), Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News, vol. 30, no. 6, page 1


photoswitchable

(nanotechnology, biotechnology) Capable of being photoswitched, or switched by an optical signal.


electroporation

electroporation (countable and uncountable, plural electroporations)

/ɪˌlɛktɹoʊpɔˈɹeɪʃən/

(biotechnology) the creation of transient pores in the cell membrane, through the application of a high-voltage electrical pulse


upstaging

A situation where somebody or something is upstaged; thus:

(medicine, surgery, oncology) An increase in the stage of a case of a disease (usually a cancer), from a less-threatening to a more-threatening stage.


transwell

From trans- + well, originally from the Transwell brand of inserts.

In one experiment, Pneumocystis was inoculated into transwells and treated according to the cultivation protocol for 56 days (Table 4).

2005, Melanie T. Cushion, Peter D. Walzer, Pneumocystis Pneumonia, page 655:

(medicine, microbiology) A membrane insert used for cell cultures, between agar wells.


biosensing

All sensing and biosensing techniques developed for the determination of various classes of coronaviruses are useful to recognize the newly immerged coronavirus, i.e., SARS-CoV-2.

2021, Y. Orooji, H. Sohrabi, “An Overview on SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) and Other Human Coronaviruses and Their Detection Capability via Amplification Assay, Chemical Sensing, Biosensing, Immunosensing, and Clinical Assays”, in Nano-micro letters, volume 13, number 1, →DOI, →PMID:

(biotechnology) The use of nanoscale or microscale biological sensors.


biomarker

/ˈbaɪoʊˌmɑɹkɚ/

/ˈbaɪəʊˌmɑːkə/

The goal of combining biomarkers is usually to increase the predictive power beyond that afforded by an individual molecular biomarker.

2017, Sudhir Srivastava, Biomarkers in Cancer Screening and Early Detection, John Wiley & Sons, →ISBN, page 263:

“We are very interested in the concept of biomarkers, including digital biomarkers; in other words, the pattern of your accessing the internet may allow us to detect whether or not you are going to turn out to be vulnerable or not,” said Fineberg, although she admits at present this is just a theoretical idea.

2018 October 8, Nicola Davis, quoting Naomi Fineberg, “Cyberchondria and cyberhoarding: is internet fuelling new conditions?”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:

(medicine) A substance used as an indicator of a biological state, most commonly disease.


angiomyogenesis

(medicine) The regeneration of myocardial tissue.


microvessel

(medicine) A very small blood vessel, such as a capillary or arteriole.


encephalomyocarditis

central nervous system
central nervous system

(veterinary medicine) A viral disease afflicting pigs and some non-human primates, attacking muscle tissue and the central nervous system.

Enzephalomyokarditis

viral disease affecting pigs and primates


ascites

From Latin ascītēs, borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀσκίτης (askítēs), from ἀσκός (askós, “wineskin”).

(medicine) An accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity, frequently symptomatic of liver disease.


antisense

(genetics) The strand of nucleic acid complementary to a strand which codes for an RNA or protein.

antisens

nucleic acid complementary to a coding strand


antisense

(genetics, of a strand of nucleic acid) Complementary to a strand coding for RNA or protein.


colocalize

en-verb

colocalize (third-person singular simple present colocalizes, present participle colocalizing, simple past and past participle colocalized)

colocalizes (present singular third-person)
colocalizing (participle present)
colocalized (participle past)
colocalized (past)

(neurobiology) To occur together in the same neuron.


PHN

(medicine) Initialism of post-herpetic neuralgia.


herpetic

a herpetic sore throat

(medicine) Of or pertaining to herpes, or to any herpesvirus or herpesvirus-caused disease.


hemimethylated

en-adj

hemimethylated (comparative more hemimethylated, superlative most hemimethylated)

more hemimethylated (comparative)
most hemimethylated (superlative)

(genetics, of a strand) Discordant in methylation; partially methylated.


intracisternal

(medicine) Occurring within a subarachnoid cistern.


copy number

"Reconstruction" or "titration" experiments consisting of amounts of the linear cloned cDNA equivalent to various gene copy numbers in the genomic DNA are run on the same gel.

1985, John H. Dodds, Plant Genetic Engineering, →ISBN, page 170:

(genetics) The number of copies of a gene or plasmid within a cell's genome.


kinome

(genetics) The set of all kinases expressed in a cell or contained in a genome.


filarial

/fɪˈlɛəɹɪəl/

The knowledge of a filarial infection of the region of the eye seems to date from the time of Magellan.

1914, Edward Rhodes Stitt, The Diagnostics and Treatment of Tropical Diseases, page 266:

From a cosmetic standpoint, the filarial diseases [...] were especially unfortunate.

1982, TC Boyle, Water Music, Penguin, published 2006, page 297:

Other helminths or wormlike fellow travellers became common in the human gut, including the Enterobius (pinworm or threadworm), the yards-long tapeworm, and the filarial worms which cause elephantiasis and African river blindness.

1997, Roy Porter, The Greatest Benefit to Mankind, Folio Society, published 2016, page 18:

(medicine) Of or pertaining to the microscopic parasitic worms known as filaria, or an infestation thereof.


colocalization

/ˌkəʊləʊkəlaɪˈzeɪʃən/

If such events take place, then the colocalization of two molecules may not necessarily mean mutual binding to each other and may simply suggest recruitment to the same site.

2005, Lukas K. Tamm, Protein-Lipid Interactions: From Membrane Domains to Cellular Networks, →ISBN, page 327:

(cytology) The state of colocalizing, occurring within the same cell or cellular region.


glutamatergic

glutamatergic (comparative more glutamatergic, superlative most glutamatergic)

more glutamatergic (comparative)
most glutamatergic (superlative)

Unlike ketamine, esketamine, and nitrous oxide, scopolamine directly affects the cholinergic pathway but does not directly modulate the glutamatergic pathway.

2019, Madhukar H. Trivedi, editor, Depression, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 228:

(biochemistry, neurology) Of or pertaining to the neurotransmission of glutamate.


periplasm

/ˈpɛɹəˌplæzəm/

From peri- + -plasm. Coined by Peter D. Mitchell in 1961.

(cytology) The region between the plasma membrane and the outer membrane or cell wall.


bad breath

en-noun

bad breath (countable and uncountable, plural bad breaths)

(medicine, dentistry, informal) Breath that produces an unpleasant or foul-smelling odor when exhaled.


genogram

(medicine) A pictorial representation of a patient's family tree together with details of the medical history of each person


tunica albuginea

tunica albuginea (plural tunicae albugineae)

From Late Latin tunica albūginea (“white membrane”).

uder

The testis has a rich superficial plexus beneath the tunica albuginea.

1918, Henry Gray, Anatomy of the Human Body, page 687:

(anatomy) Layer of connective tissue covering the testis.

If the tunica albuginea of an ovary be divided with a scalpel, the stroma may then be readily torn asunder by pulling the edges of the incision apart ...

1867, Charles Delucena Meigs, Obstetrics: The Science and the Art, page 120:

(anatomy) Layer of connective tissue covering the ovaries.

Scarring of the tunica albuginea results in a portion of the tunica that cannot stretch and expand as the cavernosal sinusoids.

2002, Carol B Benson, “Erectile Dysfunction”, in Imaging of the Scrotum & Penis, →ISBN, page 274:

(anatomy) Tough fibrous layer of connective tissue that surrounds the corpora cavernosa of the penis.


adluminal

Spermatozoa move to the epididymis by the flow of fluid into the lumen of the seminiferous tubules from the adluminal spaces.

2004, William O. Reece, Functional Anatomy and Physiology of Domestic Animals, →ISBN, page 380:

(anatomy) Near or toward the lumen of a seminiferous tubule.

adluminal

near or toward the lumen of a seminiferous tubule


extrahelical

(genetics) Beyond, or temporarily removed from the double helix, of a nucleic acid molecule


base-pair breathing

Intercalation is an energetically favourable process, and thus relates to the dynamic base-pair breathing properties of DNA itself.

2013, Michael G. Simic, Mechanisms of DNA Damage and Repair: Implications for Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment:

(genetics) The transient, lateral opening of a base pair in a nucleic acid molecule as a result of thermal motion or the presence of a defect


pulmonary artery

en-noun

pulmonary artery (plural pulmonary arteries)

(anatomy) The artery that connects the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs.


hypercholesteraemia

(medicine) An abnormally high level of cholesterol in the blood


HSE

herpes simplex encephalitis
w:Herpesviral encephalitis

(virology, neurology) Initialism of herpes simplex encephalitis.


ensellure

(anatomy) A concave curve formed by the spine, for example in women and horses; lumbar incurvation.


lidocaine

lidocaine (countable and uncountable, plural lidocaines)

From (acetani)lid(e) + -o- + -caine, from cocaine.

In addition, 0.5 ml of 1% lidocaine HCl was injected subcutaneously in the postauricular area for local anesthesia.

2015 August 27, “Intracochlear Bleeding Enhances Cochlear Fibrosis and Ossification: An Animal Study”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) A crystalline compound C₁₄H₂₂N₂O that is used in the form of its hydrochloride as a local anesthetic and as an antiarrhythmic agent.

denatonium

a similar compound with an additional benzyl group


local anesthetic

local anesthetic (countable and uncountable, plural local anesthetics)

He used a local anaesthetic called something or other "snow," which froze the tissue and avoided pain until the probe, the scalpel or the forceps got below the frozen portion.

1929, Ernest Hemingway, chapter 15, in A Farewell to Arms:

(medicine) An anesthetic (anesthetic substance) that causes loss of sensation only to the area to which it is applied.


general anesthetic

general anesthetic (countable and uncountable, plural general anesthetics)

(medicine) An anesthetic (anesthetic substance) that causes loss of sensation to the whole body, usually to the point of unconsciousness.


microhomology

microhomology (countable and uncountable, plural microhomologies)

(genetics) The presence of the same short sequence of bases in different genes


xeroderma pigmentosum

From Ancient Greek ξηρός (xērós, “dry”) δέρμα (dérma, “skin”) and Latin pigmentōsus (“pigmented, stained”).

uder

(medicine) A rare genetic disorder in which DNA damaged by ultraviolet light is not repaired and the skin becomes sensitive to such light, in which a skin cancer can subsequently develop


alveoloplasty

(medicine) The surgical modification of the alveolar ridges in preparation for the fitting of dentures.


hepatoma

en-noun

hepatoma (plural hepatomas or hepatomata)

From hepato- (“liver”) + -oma (“tumor”).

(pathology) A cancer originating in the liver.


spliceosomal

The positions of some spliceosomal introns are conserved in orthologous genes from plants and animals.

1998, Roderick Page, Edward C. Holmes, Molecular Evolution: A Phylogenetic Approach, →ISBN, page 53:


hemodynamic

(medicine) Of or pertaining to hemodynamics, the circulation of blood in the body.

hémodynamique

Of or pertaining to the circulation of blood in the body


hemodynamics

(medicine) The circulation and movement of blood in the body, and the forces involved therein.


TMS

(medicine) Initialism of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation.


reserpine

reserpine (countable and uncountable, plural reserpines)

/ɹɪˈsɝːˌpiːn/

From translingual R(auvolfia) serp(entina) + -ine.

af

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) A compound of the alkaloid class obtained from Indian snakeroot (Rauvolfia serpentina) and other plants and used in the treatment of hypertension.


resorption

en-noun

resorption (countable and uncountable, plural resorptions)

(medicine) The loss and reassimilation of bone (or other) material.

resorptie

the loss and reassimilation of bone material


spliceosome

This complex, termed a "spliceosome," is thought to contain components necessary for mRNA splicing; its existence can explain how separated exons on pre-mRNA are brought into contact.

1985 June 7, Edward Brody, “The "spliceosome": yeast pre-messenger RNA associates with 40S complex in a splicing-dependent reaction”, in Science, volume 228, number 4802, page 963:

(genetics) A dynamic complex of RNA and protein subunits that removes introns from precursor mRNA.


qPCR

Similar experiments in humans have been hampered because so far very few anti-human V_β (hV_β) monoclonal antibodies are available, although some important data have been generated with a labor-intensive quantitative polymerase chain reaction (QPCR).

1991 October 1, Yongwon Choi, “A Method for Production of Antibodies to Human T-Cell Receptor β-Chain Variable Regions”, in PNAS, volume 88, number 19, page 8357:

Quantitative or Real-Time PCR Real-time PCR, also called qPCR, is known as the second generation of PCR because it could be used to amplify and simultaneously quantify several target DNA molecules.

2014, Luis M. Botana, Seafood and Freshwater Toxins: Pharmacology, Physiology, and Detection, Third Edition:

This cheap and simple chemistry is optimal for single plex qPCRs. For multiplex qPCRs, specific chemistries which make use of probes are required.

2014, Harald Seitz, Molecular Diagnostics, page 61:

polymerase chain reaction
polymerase chain reaction

(biochemistry, genetics) A quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR).


acinar

(anatomy) Of, pertaining to, or located in an acinus.


ammonic

(anatomy) Relating to the cornu ammonis.


ECC

ECC (countable and uncountable, plural ECCs)

(medicine) Initialism of emergency cardiovascular care.


bioanalytical

/baɪəʊˌænəˈlɪtɪkəl/

(biotechnology) Of or pertaining to analytical methods used in biotechnology.


antiangiogenesis

(medicine) The prevention of angiogenesis, the growth of new blood vessels.


hydrogenosome

Hydrogenosomes, like almost all other organelles, always grow by proliferation of preexisting organelles. Thus, each daughter cell will receive a complete set of organelles during cell division. Morphological evidence was presented showing that trichomonad hydrogenosomes, like mitochondria, may divide by three distinct processes: (1) segmentation, (2) heart-form division, and (3) partition. In the segmentation process, the hydrogenosome grows, becoming elongated with the appearance of a constriction in the central portion[…]

2008, Marlene Benchimol, “Structure of the Hydrogenosome”, in Jan Tachezy, editor, Hydrogenosomes and Mitosomes: Mitochondria of Anaerobic Eukaryotes, Berlin Heidelberg: Springer, →ISBN, pages 75–96:

(cytology) A membrane-bound form of organelles that produce molecular hydrogen and ATP in some anerobic ciliates, trichomonads and fungi, remarkable in that most forms contain no DNA.


mitosome

(cytology) An organelle found within certain unicellular eukaryotes which lack mitochondria.


bioisosterism

(pharmacology) The relationship between bioisosteres, substituents or groups with similar physical or chemical properties that impart similar biological properties to a chemical compound.


medullated

en-adj

medullated (comparative more medullated, superlative most medullated)

more medullated (comparative)
most medullated (superlative)


myelinated

myelinated (comparative more myelinated, superlative most myelinated)

more myelinated (comparative)
most myelinated (superlative)

(anatomy) Of nerves, having a coating of myelin.


caudate

From the Medieval Latin caudātus, from the Classical Latin cauda (“tail”).

the caudate nucleus


patency

(medicine) The condition or state of being patent.

(medicine) The degree of openness (of a tube, such as a blood vessel or catheter); the relative absence of blockage or obstruction. Measured in percent.


adventitia

en-noun

adventitia (countable and uncountable, plural adventitias)

From the Latin adventitius (“extraneous”).

(anatomy, histology) The outermost layer of epithelial tissue encasing a visceral organ.


palmar

en-adj

palmar (comparative more palmar, superlative most palmar)

more palmar (comparative)
most palmar (superlative)

dorsal

antonym(s) of “toward the palmar surface”

Borrowed from Latin palmaris. May be decomposed as palm + -ar.

"A latent print on the palmar surface of our hands and the plantar surfaces of our foot is a scan that is entirely different from the scan on the rest of our bodies.

1988 May 20, Jack Clark, “Touch of Death”, in Chicago Reader:

(anatomy, not comparable) Of or pertaining to the palm of the hand or comparable appendage.

дланов

of or pertaining to the palm of the hand

The long and ring superficialis tendons lie more palmar than the index and small.

2002, John Gray Seiler, Essentials of Hand Surgery, →ISBN, page 14:

(anatomy and medicine) In the direction of the palm.


saphenous

This problem is most critical when dealing with the entry of the great or small saphenous vein into the deep venous system.

1996, Johannes Petres, Rainer Rompel, Perry Robins, Dermatologic Surgery, page 111:

Perform the operation, which was described by Friedrich Trendelenburg (1844–1924) of Leipzig in 1890, on patients with varicose veins who have evidence of long saphenous reflux at the groin on clinical, Doppler or duplex examination. Avoid the operation if the long saphenous vein is a collateral channel for obstructed deep veins.

2007, R. M. Kirk, Essential General Surgical Operations, page 274:

The reverse saphenous conduit flap incorporates branches of the saphenous artery and medial saphenous vein, which in turn supply and drain the overlying skin by means of direct cutaneous vessels.

2009, Michael M. Pavletic, Atlas of Small Animal Wound Management and Reconstructive Surgery, page 394:

(anatomy) Relating to, or situated near, the saphenous vein.

safè

relating to, or situated near, the saphenous vein


saphenous vein

great saphenous vein
great saphenous vein

small saphenous vein
small saphenous vein

(anatomy) The great saphenous vein, or (less commonly) the small saphenous vein.


great saphenous vein

en-noun

great saphenous vein (plural great saphenous veins)

(anatomy) The large subcutaneous superficial vein of the leg and thigh.


small saphenous vein

small saphenous vein (plural small saphenous veins)

(anatomy) A relatively large vein of the superficial posterior leg.


lesser saphenous vein

lesser saphenous vein (plural lesser saphenous veins)

small saphenous vein
small saphenous vein#English

(anatomy) Synonym of small saphenous vein


vasa vasorum

From the Latin vāsa, plural of vās (“vessel”) + vāsōrum, the genitive plural of vās (“vessel”). Meaning "vessels of the vessels."

(anatomy) The capillaries that supply blood to vessels larger than 1 mm. They supply blood to the adventitia and middle tunicae.


shotgun sequencing

Formed through analogy with the effect of a shotgun blast, which contains many small pellets.

In shotgun sequencing of genomic DNA, fragments of a genome are sequenced and computationally reassembled to determine the genome of an organism

2005, Selene K Swanson with Michael P. Washburn, “The continuing evolution of shotgun proteomics”, in Drug Discovery Today, →DOI, page 719:

(genetics) A DNA sequencing technique in which a large number of small fragments of a long DNA strand are generated at random, sequenced, and reassembled to form a sequence of the original strand.


aDNA

aDNA (countable and uncountable, plural aDNAs)

(genetics) Any DNA sample recovered from biological samples not intended for DNA use, including historical and archeological samples.


posttranslational

(genetics, biochemistry) Of or pertaining to the period after a protein has been translated from mRNA.


colorectal

(anatomy) Of or pertaining to the colorectum

colorectal

medicine: of or pertaining to the colorectum


pioneer axon

(neurology) An axon that lays down the initial growing path for the other axons of the same neuron to follow.


cosmid

(genetics) A type of plasmid (often used as a cloning vector) constructed by the insertion of cos sequences, which are DNA sequences of the lambda phage.


trauma naked

(emergency medicine) Totally naked for medical assessment, often because the clothes were cut off by trauma scissors.


vestibulum

Unadapted borrowing from Latin vestibulum (“a forecourt, entrance court; an entrance”). Doublet of vestibule.


segmentation clock

en-noun

segmentation clock (plural segmentation clocks)

(embryology) A molecular oscillator, governed by periodic shifts in gene expression, which influences the timing of vertebrate somitogenesis.


somite

(embryology) One of the paired masses of mesoderm distributed along the sides of the neural tube that will eventually become dermis, skeletal muscle, or vertebrae.

pedigerous somite

(anatomy) A metamere, one of a series of segments, arranged longitudinally, of which some animals are composed.


desynchronization

From desynchronize + -ation or de- + synchronization.

FIG 2.4. Analysis of event-related desynchronizations (ERDs) in the author's brain during a 4 s period following the induction of emotional states using the Clynes' technique.

1996, Jaak Pansepp, “Affective Neuroscience”, in Emotion:Interdisciplinary Perspectives, →ISBN, page 53:

(American spelling, Oxford British English, neurology) A loss of synchronization of brain waves.


tailbud

(embryology) The proliferating mass of cells found at the caudal end of an embryo.


epiboly

epiboly (usually uncountable, plural epibolies)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἐπιβολή (epibolḗ, “addition”).

bor

(embryology) The expansion of one cell sheet over other cells, as takes place during gastrulation or secondary intention wound healing.

épibolie

the expansion of one cell sheet over other cells, as takes place during gastrulation or secondary intention wound healing


process tomography

(manufacturing, medicine) Tomographic imaging of processes, especially industrial.


remobilization

this result is entirely satisfactory and offers possibilities of gradual remobilization of unfit individuals or inducing them to take a first step towards renewing active lives.

1961, I.F. Dersch, US Patent 3088457: Therapeutic Device, page 4:


hypo-

From Ancient Greek ὑπο- (hupo-), combining form of ὑπό (hupó, “under”). Doublet of sub-.
Etymology tree
Ancient Greek ὑπο- (hupo-)der.
English hypo-


injectable

Complex high-cost drug therapy, such as injectables and infusions, are close to a $70 billion sector.

2009 January 3, Amy Zipkin, “Drugstores, Too, Feel Recession Pain”, in New York Times:

(pharmacy, cosmetics, pharmacology) A liquid, such as a medicine or a Botox solution, which is injected using a needle and syringe.


healthy participant effect

(medicine, statistics) A skewing of data in randomized medical studies that occurs when healthy participants are less likely to drop out of the study than sicker patients.


campylobacteriosis

en-noun

campylobacteriosis (countable and uncountable, plural campylobacterioses)

(pathology) An infection by the bacteria campylobacter.


adenylate

en-verb

adenylate (third-person singular simple present adenylates, present participle adenylating, simple past and past participle adenylated)

adenylates (present singular third-person)
adenylating (participle present)
adenylated (participle past)
adenylated (past)

(genetics) To carry out or induce an adenylation reaction.


processivity

(genetics) A measure of the average number of nucleotides added by a DNA polymerase enzyme per association/disassociation with the template.


orchi

Listen, when I come down to Mexico for my “orchi,” I want Dr. Arias to do some other stuff as well.” “Orchi” is a name we use for the surgical castration of our testicles. It's technically called an orchiectomy.

2012, Judith D. Rudakoff, Trans(per)forming Nina Arsenault: An Unreasonable Body of Work, Intellect Books, →ISBN, page 216:

(surgery, transgender slang) Clipping of orchiectomy.


cataplexy

en-noun

cataplexy (countable and uncountable, plural cataplexies)

From German Kataplexie, from Ancient Greek κατάπληξις (katáplēxis), from κατά (katá, “down”) + πλῆξῐς (plêxĭs, “blow, act of striking”).

Narcolepsy has been associated with the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system, a 4-megabase region of chromosome 6, which is divided into three subregions: class I, class II, and class III. Class II HLA antigens have been strongly associated with autoimmune diseases. The class II antigen, DQB1*0602, has been associated with narcolepsy. Most (90%-100%) patients with narcolepsy/cataplexy across all ethnic groups have this allele. In addition, 35% to 56% of patients who have narcolepsy without cataplexy also have this allele. However, 20% of the normal population also has the allele, reducing its usefulness in diagnostic testing.

2013 May 1, James M. Parish MD, FCCP, “Genetic and Immunologic Aspects of Sleep and Sleep Disorders”, in Chest, volume 143, number 5, →DOI, pages 1489–1499:

(medicine) An abrupt loss of muscle tone, sometimes associated with narcolepsy.

情動脱力発作

じょうどうだつりょくほっさ


noncommunicable

The World Health Organization on Monday warned against using artificial sweeteners to control body weight or reduce the risk of noncommunicable diseases, saying that long-term use is not effective and could pose health risks.

2023 May 15, April Rubin, “World Health Organization Warns Against Using Artificial Sweeteners”, in The New York Times:

(medicine, of a disease) That cannot be passed on to others; not infectious.


pred

pred (countable and uncountable, plural preds)

(uncountable, medicine) Abbreviation of prednisone.

(uncountable, medicine) Abbreviation of prednisolone.


LGV

lymphogranuloma venereum
lymphogranuloma venereum#English

(pathology) Initialism of lymphogranuloma venereum.


PED

PED (countable and uncountable, plural PEDs)

(veterinary) Initialism of porcine epidemic diarrhoea.


microbody

(cytology) A cellular organelle bound by a single membrane and containing enzymes.


reprogenetics

(biology, genetics) The use of genetics in reproduction, especially in order to choose traits in an offspring or to minimize the risk of genetic disease.


resequencing

resequencing (countable and uncountable, plural resequencings)

(genetics) The sequencing of part of an individual's genome in order to detect sequence differences between the individual and the standard genome of the species.


amyoplasia

(medicine) A congenital condition in which there is a lack of muscle development


echocardiogram

(medicine) The visual image formed by an echocardiograph.


echocardiograph

(medicine) A device that uses ultrasound to produce images of the heart


echocardiography

echocardiography (countable and uncountable, plural echocardiographies)

(medicine) The use of ultrasound to produce images of the heart; especially, cardiac ultrasonography done with cardiology-specific devices and training, as contrasted with POCUS applied cardiovascularly by any clinician.

electrocardiography

a form of electrophysiology not to be hastily confused


falciparum

Contemporary Latin, from falx (“scythe”) + par (“equal to”) + -um

af

Plasmodium falciparum
Plasmodium falciparum#Translingual

(cytology) The parasitic protozoan Plasmodium falciparum that causes falciparum malaria


arthrogryposis

en-noun

arthrogryposis (countable and uncountable, plural arthrogryposes)

(countable, teratology) The permanent fixation of a joint in a contracted position.

artrogriposi

the permanent fixation of a joint in a contracted position

(uncountable, teratology) A congenital disorder in which the joints are so fixed because of lack of muscle development.


gynecomastia

gynecomastia (countable and uncountable, plural gynecomastias)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-gynecomastia.wav

/ˌɡaɪnɪkə(ʊ)ˈmæstɪə/

From Ancient Greek γυνή (gunḗ, “woman”) and μαστός (mastós, “breast”).

But probably the primary reason for gynecomastia in adult onset is drugs—and these are not illegal drugs.

2006, Merle J. Yost, Demystyifying Gynecomastia: Men with Breasts, →ISBN, page 24:

(American spelling, pathology) Excessive development of breasts in men, resembling the breast development in women.


urosepsis

(medicine) sepsis caused by bacteria from the urinary tract invading the bloodstream


struma

struma (countable and uncountable, plural strumas or strumae)

This was the healing ritual for the King's Evil, the name given to scrofula or struma, the tubercular inflammation of the lymph glands of the neck.

1971, Keith Thomas, Religion and the Decline of Magic, Folio Society, published 2012, page 186:

(pathology) A scrofulous swelling; a tumour or goitre.


luxate

en-verb

luxate (third-person singular simple present luxates, present participle luxating, simple past and past participle luxated)

luxates (present singular third-person)
luxating (participle present)
luxated (participle past)
luxated (past)

From Latin luxātus (“dislocated”) perfect passive participle of lū̆xō (“to dislocate”), see -ate (verb-forming suffix) for more.

If in cases of difficulty you have recourse to this means, luxate downwards as far as half the dorsopalmar diameter, and then vice versa.

1863, Stephen Smith, Hand-book of Surgical Operations, page 97:


luxate

en-adj

luxate (comparative more luxate, superlative most luxate)

more luxate (comparative)
most luxate (superlative)

From Latin luxātus (“dislocated”), see Etymology 1 and -ate (adjective-forming suffix) for more.


ETS

en-noun

ETS (countable and uncountable, plural ETSes)

The evidence clearly showed that ETS increased the risk of SIDS, but the panel couldn’t decide whether that risk was caused by prenatal smoking, postnatal ETS, or both.

2010, Naomi Oreskes, Erik M. Conway, chapter 5, in Merchants of Doubt:

(medicine) Initialism of environmental tobacco smoke.


ablepsia

From Ancient Greek ἀβλεψία (ablepsía, “blindness”), from ἀ- (a-, “not”) + βλέπω (blépō, “see”).

der

(medicine, rare) Lack of sight; blindness.


echogenic

en-adj

echogenic (comparative more echogenic, superlative most echogenic)

more echogenic (comparative)
most echogenic (superlative)

(medicine) Describing any inner part of the body that reflects sound waves and thus produces echos that may be detected using ultrasound scanners.


antigene

(genetics) An oligonucleotide that attaches to a specific gene and suppresses its action.


act on

en-verb

act on (third-person singular simple present acts on, present participle acting on, simple past and past participle acted on)

acts on (present singular third-person)
acting on (participle present)
acted on (participle past)
acted on (past)

Different drugs act on different parts of our body in many different ways.


alloantigen

(genetics) Any antigen, present in only some individuals of a species, that stimulates the production of antibodies in those that lack it; an isoantigen

aloantígeno

antigen that stimulates the production of antibodies in other individuals of a species


metallodrug

(pharmacology) Any of several pharmaceuticals that contain metals such as silver or platinum; especially such anticancer drugs


basophil

(cytology) Any cell that has granules stained by basic stains.

(cytology, immunology) A white blood cell responsible for inflammatory reactions during immune response.

One of the endocrine basophilic cells of the adenohypophysis, including gonadotrophs and thyrotrophs.


perioperative

Meronyms: preoperative, postoperative; presurgical, postsurgical

(surgery) Relating to the period around an operation, including immediate preoperative preparation and postoperative recovery.


paraoperative

(medicine) Relating to equipment and accessories for an operation.


nummular

en-adj

nummular (comparative more nummular, superlative most nummular)

more nummular (comparative)
most nummular (superlative)

From Latin nummulus (“(small amount of) money”) + English -ar (suffix forming adjectives with the sense ‘of, pertaining to, or near’). Nummulus is the diminutive of nummus (“a coin; piece of money”) + -ulus (diminutive suffix); while nummus is from Doric Greek νοῦμμος (noûmmos), from Ancient Greek νόμος (nómos, “kind of coin”), from νέμω (némō, “to deal out, dispense, distribute”) (from Proto-Indo-European *nem- (“to distribute; to give; to take”)) + -ος (-os, suffix forming nouns).

硬幣形的 /硬币形的

flattened with a rounded form; coin-shaped

(by extension) Flattened with a rounded form, as a disc; coin-shaped.

(pathology) Characterized by lesions (especially on the cornea or skin) which are round with well-defined borders.

nummulaire

characterized by lesions which are round with well-defined borders

NUMMULAR […] An epithet applied to the sputa in phthisis, when they flatten at the bottom of the vessel, like a piece of money.

[1839, Robley Dunglison, “NUMMULAR”, in Medical Lexicon. A New Dictionary of Medical Science, […], 2nd edition, Philadelphia, Pa.: Lea and Blanchard, successors to Carey and Co., →OCLC, page 421, column 2:

(pathology, obsolete) Of sputum: forming flat, round shapes (formerly thought to be a symptom of tuberculosis).


limbus

From Middle English limbus, from Latin limbus (“edge, border”).

(medicine, biology) A border of an anatomical part, such as the edge of the cornea.


miasm

(homeopathy) A predisposition to a particular disease, which interferes with subsequent treatment of it.


pamidronate

From pamidronic acid + -ate (“salt or ester”).

af

(pharmacology) The conjugate base, or any salt or ester, of pamidronic acid. Used as a medication to inhibit bone loss in disorders of bone metabolism.

pamidronic acid

coordinate as an acid versus a base, but synonymous in the practical sense that the conjugate base and conjugate acid coexist in solution


pamidronic acid

From p(ropylidene) + ami(no-) + -dronic (“calcium metabolism regulator”) acid.

(pharmacology) (3-amino-1-hydroxy-1-phosphono-)phosphonic acid—a bisphosphonate drug to inhibit bone loss.

pamidronate

coordinate as a base versus an acid, but synonymous in the practical sense that the conjugate base and conjugate acid coexist in solution


auxetic

en-adj

auxetic (comparative more auxetic, superlative most auxetic)

more auxetic (comparative)
most auxetic (superlative)

From Ancient Greek αὐξητικός (auxētikós, “growing, promoting growth, productive”).


Destot's space

Named for radiologist Étienne Destot (1864-1918).

The wound on the back of the hand on the Shroud of Turin appears on the thumb side of the wrist, and any anatomy textbook will confirm that Destot's space is on the pinkie side of the wrist, where Barbet indeed sank his nails into his cadaver wrists."

2003, Mary Roach, Stiff: The Curious Lives of Human Cadavers, W. W. Norton & Company, page 163:

(anatomy) The space in the wrist bounded by the hamate, capitate, triquetral and lunate bones.


atopic dermatitis

en-noun

atopic dermatitis (usually uncountable, plural atopic dermatitides)

(pathology) An atopic, hereditary, and non-contagious skin disease characterized by chronic inflammation of the skin.


retinopathy

retinopathy (countable and uncountable, plural retinopathies)

/ˌɹɛtɪnˈɑːpəθi/

‘I have diabetic retinopathy, monsieur.’

2000, Zadie Smith, White Teeth, London: Penguin Books, published 2001, →ISBN, page 116:

(medicine) Non-inflammatory disease of the retina.

Retinopathie (German-influenced as in diabetische Retinopathie)

Retinopathia (Latin-influenced as in Retinopathia diabetica)


duodenal ulcer

(pathology) A peptic ulcer located in the duodenum.

十二指腸潰瘍

じゅうにしちょうかいよう


respiratory system

respiratory system (plural respiratory systems)

(anatomy) The system of organs serving for respiration.


gastric ulcer

(pathology) A peptic ulcer located in the stomach.


esophageal ulcer

esophageal ulcer (plural esophageal ulcers)

(pathology) A peptic ulcer located at esophagus.


evergreening

(patent law, pharmaceuticals) The practice of slightly altering a drug to extend patent protections.


repletion

repletion (countable and uncountable, plural repletions)

From Middle English replecioun, from Old French repletion, from Latin replētiō, replētiōnem.

(medicine, archaic) Plethora of the blood.


resection

(medicine) The surgical removal of part or all of a tissue, organ, tumor, or body part.


resection

en-verb

resection (third-person singular simple present resections, present participle resectioning, simple past and past participle resectioned)

resections (present singular third-person)
resectioning (participle present)
resectioned (participle past)
resectioned (past)

Most articles published after this date, however, mention the resectioning of fat around the eyes as an essential constituent of corrective lid surgery.

2011, Werner Mang, Manual of Aesthetic Surgery, →ISBN, page 167:

...these problems and the overwhelming numbers of wounded men flooding into hospitals after battles meant that amputations and resectioning of joints (the removal of bones) became standard protocol.

2012, Megan Kate Nelson, Ruin Nation: Destruction and the American Civil War, →ISBN, page 177:

Anyway, they did the operation, removed a huge lump, resectioned my colon, and gave me the news that they thought that the tumour hadn't spread.

2014, Tim Bell, Right or Wrong: The Memoirs of Lord Bell, →ISBN, page 183:

(medicine) To excise part or all of a tissue or organ.


inspirate

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-inspirate.wav


rifampicin

en-noun

rifampicin (countable and uncountable, plural rifampicins)

(pharmacology) A reddish-brown semisynthetic antibiotic C₄₃H₅₈N₄O₁₂ obtained from the bacterium Amycolaptosis mediterranei, used chiefly to treat tuberculosis, leprosy, and asymptomatic carriers of meningococci.


rifampin

rifampin (countable and uncountable, plural rifampins)


nonunion

nonunion (countable and uncountable, plural nonunions)

the nonunion of the distal part of the humerus

(countable, pathology) The failure of a broken bone to heal


attenuated

en-adj

attenuated (comparative more attenuated, superlative most attenuated)

more attenuated (comparative)
most attenuated (superlative)

Near-synonym: nonreplicating (often synonymous)

the live attenuated type of vaccines

Made, or become weak; subject to attenuation.

(biology, medicine, of pathogens) Weakened, usually in a way that includes nonreplicating status.


adrenoleukodystrophy

en-noun

adrenoleukodystrophy (usually uncountable, plural adrenoleukodystrophies)

(medicine) A degenerative genetic disease in which myelin is lost from nerve cells in the brain


thalassemia

From Ancient Greek θάλασσα (thálassa, “sea”) (see also thalass-) and -emia (“blood”) (from αἷμα (haîma)). The etymology is suggestive of the epidemiology of the disorder, which is more common in people of Mediterranean descent. First used in 1932.

(medicine) Any of a group of inherited disorders in which the amount of hemoglobin in the blood is reduced.


karyology

/ˌkæɹiˈɒləd͡ʒi/

From Ancient Greek κάρυον (káruon, “kernel, nucleus”) + -ology.

der

(biology, medicine) The study of the nuclei of cells, especially with regard to the chromosomes which they contain.

caryologie

The study of the nuclei of cells, - branch of cytology

(biology, medicine) The characteristics of a particular cellular nucleus or group of nuclei, or of the chromosomes therein.


WBC

white blood cell
white blood cell#English

(medicine) Initialism of white blood cell.


gynecogenic

en-adj

gynecogenic (comparative more gynecogenic, superlative most gynecogenic)

more gynecogenic (comparative)
most gynecogenic (superlative)

(medicine) Giving birth mostly to females


expressome

(genetics) All the gene expressions in a cell or organism considered as a whole


metabonome

(biochemistry, genetics) The complete set of metabolically regulated elements in cells.


functome

(biochemistry, genetics) The complete set of functional molecular units in biological cells.


functional genomics

(biochemistry, genetics) A genomics branch that measures expression levels of RNAs and proteins to understand biological functions of a set of genes in cells.


textome

(biochemistry, genetics) The complete set of biological literature that contain useful information when combined to generate new information through bioinformatics.


bibliome

From bibliography and -ome, as in genome.

(biochemistry, genetics) The complete set of biological journal articles and associated information.


gene expression

en-noun

gene expression (plural gene expressions)

Coordinate term: gene silencing

(genetics) The transcription and translation of a gene into messenger RNA and thus into a protein; it may be lesser or greater depending on many epigenetic factors.


lentor

lentor (usually uncountable, plural lentors)

I find there was no wrong Presentation, only a Lentor in the pains perhaps […].

1797 September 1, Hester Lynch Piozzi, Thraliana:

There is a lentor or smoothness in the blood of healthy strong people […]

(obsolete, chiefly medicine) Viscosity, thickness (chiefly of blood).


macrocephalus

Benedikt called attention to the frequency of leptocephalus and macrocephalus in hemiplegia and paraplegia spastica infantilis, and to the frequency of asymmetry in the first-mentioned disease.

1889 April 6, Frederick Peterson, “Cranial measurements in twenty cases of infantile cerebral hemiplegia”, in The New York Medical Journal:

He had collected thirty-three cases of craniotomy for idiocy and macrocephalus, and found that the results were always negative.

A radionuclide salivagram of a 4-year-old girl with recurrent lung infections, macrocephalus, psychomotor retardation, and seizure disorder was obtained due to suspected aspiration.

2007, G.A. Taylor, S.T. Treves, Pediatric Nuclear Medicine/PET:

(medicine) The condition of having an abnormally large head.


macropsia

macropsia (countable and uncountable, plural macropsias)

(pathology) A disorder in which objects appear much larger than normal, most often the result of a neurological dysfunction.


madarosis

Borrowed from Ancient Greek μαδάρωσις (madárōsis, “baldness, especially of the eyelids”).

bor+

(medicine, dermatology) The loss of eyebrows or eyelashes.


madarotic

From madarosis, from Ancient Greek μαδάρωσις (madárōsis, “baldness, especially of the eyelids”).

uder

(medicine, rare) Of or pertaining to the loss of eyebrows or eyelashes.


subcapsular

(anatomy) Below the capsule (of a joint, kidney etc)


quadrate

From Middle English quadrat, quadrate, from Latin quadrātum. Doublet of quadrat; compare also quadrant (“square or quadrangle”).


flat affect

After the crash he presented a flat affect, a symptom of PTSD.

(medicine) Lack of emotion, or of apparent emotion.


nasal septum

en-noun

nasal septum (plural nasal septa or nasal septums)

nasal septa (plural)
nasal septums (plural)

deviated nasal septum

deviation of the nasal septum

(anatomy) A bony and cartilaginous partition in the nose, separating the left and right airways in the nose and dividing the two nostrils.


frontal sinus

(anatomy) A paranasal sinus situated behind the superciliary arches.


noninvasive

(medicine) Of a surgical or other medical procedure, not requiring an incision.

kajoamaton

of a surgical or other medical procedure, not requiring an incision


liberin

(endocrinology) A releasing hormone; a hormone that is involved primarily in stimulating the release of another hormone.


chondromucoid

chondromucoid (countable and uncountable, plural chondromucoids)

(obsolete, anatomy) The combination of chondroitin sulfate and collagen fibres that gives cartilage its resilience and flexibility.


exophytic

(pathology) In pathology, pertaining to growth of a tumor outward.


-idine

Derived from the ending of pyridine, which comes from German Pyridin which in turn comes from a combination of pyro- -id and -in (-ide and -ine)

alpha-2 adrenergic receptor
alpha-2 adrenergic receptor

(pharmacology) alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonists.


-terol

(pharmacology) Used to form names of phenethylamine derivatives used as bronchodilators.


microangiology

(medicine) angiology using techniques such as microangiography


microangiography

microangiography (usually uncountable, plural microangiographies)

(medicine) The radiography of very small blood vessels using an injected contrast medium


contrast medium

contrast medium (plural contrast mediums or contrast media)

contrast mediums (plural)
contrast media (plural)

(medicine) Any substance, such as barium sulfate, used in radiography to increase the visibility of internal structures.


overexpress

en-verb

overexpress (third-person singular simple present overexpresses, present participle overexpressing, simple past and past participle overexpressed)

overexpresses (present singular third-person)
overexpressing (participle present)
overexpressed (participle past)
overexpressed (past)

(genetics, transitive) To artificially express (a gene) in increased quantity.


overexpression

en-noun

overexpression (countable and uncountable, plural overexpressions)

(genetics) The abnormal or artificial expression of a gene in increased quantity

بیشبیان

the artificial expression of a gene in increased quantity


autoreceptor

(biochemistry, medicine) A receptor, situated in the terminal of a presynaptic nerve cell, that is sensitive to neurotransmitters released by the neuron in whose membrane the autoreceptor sits.


epigenomic

(genetics) Describing a representation of the gene expression, DNA methylation and histone modification status of a particular genomic region.


hyperconnectivity

hyperconnectivity (countable and uncountable, plural hyperconnectivities)

(pathology) The state of the brain, in schizophrenia or epileptic seizure, in which an excessive number of connections are made between neurons.


nasopharynx

nasopharynx (plural nasopharynxes or nasopharynges)

nasopharynxes (plural)
nasopharynges (plural)

Occasionally she gasped out "Joe!" — a flat animal cry that her slack vocal cords made unfemininely deep, that her nasopharynx, choked with mucus, robbed of all resonance.

1959, Anthony Burgess, Beds in the East (The Malayan Trilogy), published 1972, page 506:

(anatomy) The nasal part of the pharynx, lying behind the nose and above the level of the soft palate.


pulmonary alveolus

pulmonary alveolus (plural pulmonary alveoli)

(anatomy) A small air sac in the lungs, where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged with the blood.


albuginea

(anatomy) A layer of white, fibrous tissue.


umbilical hernia

umbilical hernia (plural umbilical hernias)

(pathology) A hernia at the site of the umbilicus (navel).


noma

From New Latin noma from Latin nomē from Ancient Greek νομή (nomḗ, “spreading (of sores)”) from νέμω (némō, “feed, devour, spread (of sores)”).

der

(pathology) A gangrenous disease leading to tissue destruction of the face, especially the mouth and cheek.


immunocompetence

en-noun

immunocompetence (countable and uncountable, plural immunocompetences)

Near-synonym: immunocapability

(immunology) The body's capacity to develop an immune response following exposure to an antigen; full capability of a healthy immune system.


hypoxic

en-adj

hypoxic (comparative more hypoxic, superlative most hypoxic)

more hypoxic (comparative)
most hypoxic (superlative)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease had left her hypoxic and wheezing.

(medicine) Of, pertaining to, or suffering from hypoxia.


interventricular septum

en-noun

interventricular septum (plural interventricular septa or interventricular septums)

interventricular septa (plural)
interventricular septums (plural)

(anatomy) The stout wall separating the lower chambers (the ventricles) of the heart from one another.


myeloid

/ˈmaɪəˌlɔɪd/

(hematology) Of or pertaining to bone marrow.


encephalon

encephalon (plural encephalons or encephala)

[ɪnˈsɛfəɫn̩]

[ɪnˈsɛfəɫɑn]

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἐγκέφαλος (enképhalos, “within the head”), from ἐν (en, “in”) + κεφαλή (kephalḗ, “head”).

lbor

Meronyms: prosencephalon, telencephalon, diencephalon; mesencephalon; rhombencephalon, metencephalon, myelencephalon

(neuroanatomy, especially embryologic neuroanatomy) The area of central nervous system that includes all higher nervous centers, enclosed within the skull and continuous with the spinal cord; synonym of brain.


ECD

(medicine) Initialism of expanded-criteria donor.


uricemia

(medicine) The presence of uric acid in the blood


exit wound

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-exit wound.wav

Exit wounds, whether they are the result of contact, intermediate, or distant firing, all have the same general characteristics. They are typically larger and more irregular than entrance wounds and, with rare exception, do not possess an abrasion ring. Exit wounds can be stellate, slit-like, crescent, circular, or completely irregular (Figure 4.23).

1998, Vincent J. M. Di Maio, Gunshot Wounds: Practical Aspects of Firearms, Ballistics, and Forensic Techniques, 2nd edition, CRC Press, →ISBN, page 92:

(medicine, forensics) A perforation of the skin caused by a projectile (such as a bullet) leaving the body.


transgene

It has created a biotechnology centred on genetic engineering that has introduced transgenes, transmitted through natural interspecies crosses, which, in turn, have allowed emergence of resistant superweeds and superpests, which, in their turn, demand the application of further chemical poisons […]

2007, Will Barnes, “Climate Change and Capital”, in Mute, volume 2, number 5, →ISSN:

(genetics, biotechnology) A gene from one species introduced into the genome of another by transgenesis.


blister blight

(phytopathology) An infection of tea plants, caused by the fungus Exobasidium vexans, characterized by blister-like lesions on the leaves.

(phytopathology) A similar disease of some pines caused by Cronartium asclepiadeum.


vallecula

en-noun

vallecula (plural valleculae or valleculas)

1859 borrowing from Late Latin vallecula (“a little valley, glen, dell”), diminutive of vallēs (“a valley, vale”).

bor

(anatomy, botany) A depression, channel, or groove.


lask

en-noun

lask (countable and uncountable, plural lasks)

Pannick ſtoppeth the laske as Millet doth, being boiled (as Plinie reporteth) in Goates milk and drunke twiſe in a day.

1597, John Gerarde [i.e., John Gerard], “Of Panick”, in The Herball or Generall Historie of Plantes. […], London: […] Edm[und] Bollifant, for Bonham and Iohn Norton, →OCLC, book I, page 79:

A graue & learned Miniſter, and an ordinary Preacher at Alcmar in Holland, was one day (as hee was walking in the fields for his recreation) ſuddenly taken with a laske or looſeneſſe, and therevpon compelled to retire to the next ditch; but being ſurpriſed at vnawares, by ſome Gentlewomen of his Pariſh wandering that way; was ſo abaſhed, that hee did neuer after ſhew his head in publike, or come into the Pulpit, but pined away with melancholy: […]

1624, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], “Shame and Disgrace, Causes”, in The Anatomy of Melancholy: […], 2nd edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC, partition 1, section 2, member 3, subsection 6, page 88:

The Emulſion or Decoction of the Seed ſtaieth Lasks and continual Fluxes, eaſeth the Chollick, and allayeth the troubleſom Humors in the Bowels, […]

1652, Nich[olas] Culpeper, “Hemp”, in The English Physitian: Or An Astrologo-physical Discourse of the Vulgar Herbs of This Nation. […], London: […] Peter Cole, […], →OCLC, page 64, column 1:

(uncountable, chiefly veterinary medicine) Originally of both persons and animals, now only of animals: looseness of the bowels; diarrhoea; (countable) a bout of this ailment.


rhabdomyolysis

rhabdomyolysis (countable and uncountable, plural rhabdomyolyses)

From Ancient Greek ῥάβδος (rhábdos, “rod, wand”) + myo- (“muscle”) + -lysis (“decomposition, breakdown”).

af

Add another problem to the long list of issues stirring conflict between Coach Mike Shanahan and defensive lineman Albert Haynesworth: rhabdomyolysis. The condition causes the rapid breakdown of skeletal muscle because of injury to muscle tissue, and rhabdomyolysis is what sidelined Haynesworth in practice last week, three people familiar with the situation said Sunday.

2010 August 22, Jason Reid, “Redskins Insider”, in The Washington Post, archived from the original on 2012-11-12:

(medicine) The rapid disintegration of striated muscle tissue accompanied by the excretion of myoglobin in the urine.

橫紋肌溶解症 /横纹肌溶解症

the rapid disintegration of striated muscle tissue accompanied by the excretion of myoglobin in the urine


hypoglycaemia

en-noun

hypoglycaemia (countable and uncountable, plural hypoglycaemias)

(medicine) Alternative spelling of hypoglycemia


hypocalcaemia

hypocalcaemia (countable and uncountable, plural hypocalcaemias)

(medicine) Alternative spelling of hypocalcemia


esophageal cancer

esophageal cancer (plural esophageal cancers)

(pathology, US) (oncology) A malignancy in the esophagus.


lower esophageal sphincter

lower esophageal sphincter (plural lower esophageal sphincters)

(anatomy) The sphincter situated at the lower part of the esophagus.


upper esophageal sphincter

upper esophageal sphincter (plural upper esophageal sphincters)

(anatomy) The sphincter situated at the upper part of the esophagus.


Barrett's esophagus

Named after the Australian-born British thoracic surgeon Norman Barrett (1903–1979), who described it in 1950.

(US, pathology) An abnormal change (metaplasia) in the cells of the lower end of the esophagus thought to be caused by damage from chronic acid exposure, or reflux esophagitis.


gastroesophageal reflux

gastroesophageal reflux disease
gastroesophageal reflux disease#English

(pathology) Ellipsis of gastroesophageal reflux disease.: chronic symptoms or mucosal damage produced by the abnormal reflux in the esophagus.


neuromodulation

(medicine) The relief of pain by stimulation of a nerve.


optogenetic

/ˌɑptoʊd͡ʒɪˈnɛtɪk/

/ˌɒptəʊd͡ʒɪˈnɛtɪk/

(genetics) Describing any of several techniques in which optical technology is used to form images of genetically targeted proteins or neurons


glossohyal

From glosso- + -hyal, from Ancient Greek ὖ (û, “the letter upsilon”).

uder

the letter <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">upsilon</i>

(zoology anatomy) The tongue bone, specifically the lingual plate, which is a dermal toothed bone that covers or fuses with the basihyal.


suicider

Most often discussion would take place during the planning stages or while the suicider is making his preparations, that is, before suicidal steps have actually been taken. […] A suicide intervener in real life (if he had the nerve) could have a similarly calm discussion with a suicider who had taken an overdose […]

1995, Gavin Fairbairn, Contemplating suicide: the language and ethics of self-harm, page 172:

(medicine, social work) One who is planning to commit suicide.


ascitic

en-adj

ascitic (comparative more ascitic, superlative most ascitic)

more ascitic (comparative)
most ascitic (superlative)

(medicine) Of, pertaining to, or suffering from ascites

ascítico

of, pertaining to, or suffering from ascites


hallucinosis

en-noun

hallucinosis (countable and uncountable, plural hallucinoses)

(pathology) A mental state of hallucination.


APAP

APAP (countable and uncountable, plural APAPs)

Abbreviation
* (pharmaceutical drug): Initialism of N-acetyl-para-aminophenol.
* (medical device): Acronym of Automatic Positive Airway Pressure.

acronym

Automatic Positive Airway Pressure
en:APAP
paracetamol

(pharmacology, abbreviation) para-acetylaminophenol (acetaminophen / paracetamol / tylenol), a particular kind of painkiller and fever-reducer generally available over the counter.


sickle-cell disease

Coordinate term: sickle cell trait

(medicine) A disease characterized by sickle-shaped red blood cells.


sickler

I met girls born with sickle cell anemia like my brother […] We called them sicklers. They called themselves sicklers.

2005, Sefi Atta, Everything Good Will Come, Arris Books, page 44:

(medicine, informal) A person who has sickle-cell disease.


plagiocephaly

en-noun

plagiocephaly (countable and uncountable, plural plagiocephalies)

(pathology) A congenital condition where the skull suffers an oblique malformation.


encephalogram

(medicine) An image of the brain obtained by encephalography.

encefalogram

an image of the brain obtained by encephalography


Raynaud's phenomenon

Raynaud's phenomenon (countable and uncountable, plural Raynaud's phenomena)

Named after the French physician Maurice Raynaud, who described the condition in 1862.

(medicine, rheumatology) A condition of the hands and feet becoming discoloured, typically white, red, and blue, caused by an altered blood flow brought about by cold, or stress.


octopamine

From oct(opus) + -opamine (“dopaminergic agent, dopamine derivative”), because it was isolated from an octopus's salivary gland.

af

(biochemistry, pharmacology) An aromatic amine, 4-(2-amino-1-hydroxy-ethyl)phenol, related to noradrenaline, having similar characteristics to dopamine.


thermal cycler

(genetics) A laboratory device in which a polymerase chain reaction is carried out repeatedly in cycles which in turn amplifies the sample DNA segments. The instrument contains a thermal block which contains the DNA samples and can precisely control the internal temperature.


parotitis

en-noun

parotitis (countable and uncountable, plural parotitides)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek παρωτῖτις (parōtîtis, “(disease of the) parotid gland”), from παρωτίς (parōtís, “gland behind the ear”). By surface analysis, parot(id) + -itis.

lbor

I except the mumps, or parotitis, described below; which is properly an external gland, as its excretory duct opens into the air.

1794, Erasmus Darwin, Zoonomia; or the Laws of Organic Life:

Test Purpose 1) to diagnose acute pancreatitis, acute relapse of chronic pancreatitis, 2) to distinguish between acute pancreatitis and other causes of abdominal pain requiring immediate surgery, 3) to evaluate possible pancreatic injury caused by abdominal trauma or surgery, 4) to help in the diagnosis of epidemic and alcoholic parotitides.

2012, Vincent Marks, Differential Diagnosis by Laboratory Medicine:

(pathology) Inflammation of one or both parotid glands.

параты́т

inflammation of one or both parotid glands


parkinsonian

Parkinson's syndrome
Parkinson's syndrome

(neurology, pathology) Relating to, or appearing to be caused by, Parkinson's syndrome.


parkinsonian

(neurology, pathology) One who has Parkinson's syndrome.


postural

/ˈpɒstʃəɹəl/

/ˈpɑst͡ʃəɹəl/

Cindy, he's gone postural.


hypokinesia

(pathology) Slowed or diminished movement of the body.


petro-

* From Latin petra (“stone, rock”), from Ancient Greek πέτρα (pétra, “stone, rock”).
* Clipping of petroleum.


fasciculation

en-noun

fasciculation (countable and uncountable, plural fasciculations)

(anatomy, muscles) (toxicology, venoms) An involuntary muscle twitch, usually localised and temporary, but that may be intensified and prolonged fatally by particular poisons and venoms such as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors.


PRP

High-energy extracorporal shock wave therapy and PRP have demonstrated efficacy in some trials compared to standard non-op treatment in the short term.

2015, Anish R. Kadakia, Paul J. Switaj, Bryant S. Ho, Mohammed Alshouli, Daniel Fuchs, George Ochengele, “Foot and Ankle Surgery: Hindfoot”, in Cyril Mauffrey, David J. Hak, editors, Passport for the Orthopedic Boards and FRCS Examination, Paris: Springer, →DOI, →ISBN, page 873:

It has two steps: first, he extracts PRP, or platelet-rich plasma, from a woman’s blood (usually taken from her arm). He then re-inserts it into the clitoris and the ceiling of her vagina with a syringe.

2016 September 15, Kathleen Hale, “Dr Orgasm will see you now: is the O-Shot what women need for better sex?”, in The Guardian:

(medicine) Initialism of platelet-rich plasma.


trisomy

trisomy (countable and uncountable, plural trisomies)

(cytology) The presence of three copies, instead of the normal two, of a particular chromosome of an organism.


leprotic

en-adj

leprotic (comparative more leprotic, superlative most leprotic)

more leprotic (comparative)
most leprotic (superlative)

(medicine) Of or related to the disease leprosy.


regenerated

regenerated (comparative more regenerated, superlative most regenerated)

more regenerated (comparative)
most regenerated (superlative)

/ɹiːˈd͡ʒɛnəɹeɪtɪd/

The little bud of regenerated tissue which would normally have grown into a new tail had been removed.

1928, Aldous Huxley, Point Counter Point, London: Chatto & Windus:

(biology, medicine) Formed by regeneration.


barley water

en-noun

barley water (countable and uncountable, plural barley waters)

(medicine, archaic) A decoction of barley used as a nutritive and demulcent.


styloid

From style or stylus + -oid (“-like, resembling”). Compare Ancient Greek στῡλοειδής (stūloeidḗs).

af

But is the human hyoid nevertheless absolutely deprived of the lateral parts of the skull? That is not the case. A ligament coming from each small callosity or from the apohyal is prolonged laterally and reaches the extremity of the styloid apophysis.

2004, Herve Le Guyader, Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire: A Visionary Naturalist, page 162:

(anatomy) Of or pertaining to the styloid process.


immobiliser

Something or someone that immobilises.
(medicine) A splint.

Something or someone that immobilises.
A splint.


Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

Named after two surgeons, R. M. Zollinger and E. H. Ellison.

(medicine) A disorder where increased levels of the hormone gastrin are produced, causing the stomach to produce excess hydrochloric acid; often caused by a tumor (gastrinoma) of the duodenum or pancreas, and resulting in peptic ulcers.


TU

en-noun

TU (countable and uncountable, plural TUs)

(medicine) Tuberculin Units, the measure of an antigen used to aid in the diagnosis of tuberculosis infection.


fecal transplant

fecal transplant (plural fecal transplants)

(medicine) The transference of bacteria from the feces of a donor to the bowel of a patient suffering from colitis or of a Clostridium infection


lipoma

(pathology) A nonmalignant tumor comprising fat cells.


fat cell

(medicine) A cell of the body whose primary function is to store fat.


Ewing's sarcoma

Ewing's sarcoma (plural Ewing's sarcomas)

First described by James Ewing (1866–1943), American pathologist.

small-round-blue-cell tumor
small-round-blue-cell tumor

(pathology, oncology) A malignant small-round-blue-cell tumor that forms in bone or soft tissue.


osteomyelitis

osteomyelitis (usually uncountable, plural osteomyelitides or osteomyelites or osteomyelitises)

osteomyelitides (plural)
osteomyelites (plural)
osteomyelitises (plural)


synovitis

synovitis (countable and uncountable, plural synovitides)

(pathology) Inflammation of the synovium.


spondylolysis

pars interarticularis
pars interarticularis

(pathology) A defect or stress fracture of the pars interarticularis of the vertebral arch.


nonmalignant

(medicine) Of a growth in the body, not cancerous.


hyaloid

From Ancient Greek ὑαλοειδής (hualoeidḗs), from ὕαλος (húalos, “glass”) + -ειδής (-eidḗs, “-id”).


phantom pain

phantom pain (countable and uncountable, plural phantom pains)

(medicine, pathology) A sensation of pain coming from a part of the body that has been amputated, or in which the nerves have been destroyed.


NAIT

Abbreviation of neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia.

abbreviation of

(pathology) An abnormally low number of platelets in a newborn's blood, due to the mother's antibodies having been passed via the placenta and attacking the child's own platelets.


alloimmune

an alloimmune disorder

(pathology) Characterized by alloimmunity, which is immunity, obtained from a tissue graft from another person, against one's own cells.

isoimmune

same; in which the iso- prefix for refers to the same species (but another individual thereof)


alloimmunity

en-noun

alloimmunity (countable and uncountable, plural alloimmunities)

From allo- + immunity or allo- + immune + -ity or alloimmune + -ity.

(biology, immunology, medicine) Immunity, obtained from another, against one's own cells.

Alloimmunität

immune response to foreign antigens from members of the same species


NAITP

(pathology) Initialism of neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia: an abnormally low number of platelets in a newborn's blood, due to the mother's antibodies having been passed via the placenta and attacking the newborn's own platelets.


FMAITP

Abbreviation of feto-maternal alloimmune thrombocytopenia.

(pathology) A deficiency in the number of platelets in a fetus' blood, due to the mother's antibodies having been passed via the placenta and attacking the fetus' own platelets.


FMAIT

(pathology) The presence of an abnormally small number of platelets in a fetus' blood, due to the mother's antibodies having been passed via the placenta and attacking the platelets.


AIT

AIT (countable and uncountable, plural AITs)

(pathology) Initialism of alloimmune thrombocytopenia: a too-low number of platelets in the blood, especially of a newborn or fetus, due to alloimmunity.


fetomaternal

(medicine) Having to do with a fetus and its mother.


cholangiocarcinoma

cholangiocarcinoma (plural cholangiocarcinomas or cholangiocarcinomata)

cholangiocarcinomas (plural)
cholangiocarcinomata (plural)

Cholangiocarcinoma develops at a significantly younger age (between the ages of 30 and 50) in patients with PSC than in patients without PSC.

2007, Bruce A. Chabner, Thomas J. Lynch Jr., Dan L. Longo, Harrison's Manual of Oncology, McGraw Hill Professional, page 418:

2013, J. R. Bhardwaj (editor), Boyd's Textbook of Pathology, Volume 2: Systemic Pathology, 10th Edition, Wolter Kluwer Health, page 1043,
Cholangiocarcinomata arise from the bile ducts. The intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomata are considered here.

Cholangiocarcinoma (cholangiocellular carcinoma) is a primary malignant tumor arising from the bile duct and can be divided into intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas. Extrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas are further classified as either hilar or distal bile duct cholangiocarcinomas. Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma or peripheral cholangiocarcinoma is the second most common primary liver cancer following hepatocellular carcinoma. However, it represents only 10% of all cholangiocarcinomas.

2014, Joon-Il Choi, Byung Ihn Choi, “5: Other Malignant Tumors of the Liver”, in Byung Ihn Choi, editor, Radiology Illustrated: Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Radiology, Springer, page 171:

(pathology) Cancer of the bile ducts (e.g., common bile duct, cholangioles).


carcinogenesis

carcinogenesis (countable and uncountable, plural carcinogeneses)

Whether they are involved in carcinogenesis by induction of a heritable lesion would depend, I believe, on their ability either to mispair or to misrepair.

1982, Yutaka Kawazoe, “Molecular Mechanism of Chemical Modification of Cellular Nucleic Acid Bases by 4-Hydroxyaminoquinoline 1-oxide”, in Carcinogenic and Mutagenic N-substituted Aryl Compounds, page 185:

(oncology) The creation of cancer cells.


sacrococcygeal

(medicine) Having to do with the sacrum and coccyx.


rhabdomyosarcoma

rhabdomyosarcoma (plural rhabdomyosarcomas or rhabdomyosarcomata)

rhabdomyosarcomas (plural)
rhabdomyosarcomata (plural)

Some of these cases might be referred to the sarcomata and some to carcinomata, but that is impossible unless they could be rexëamined by a reliable pathologist, as was done by Eve, who examined a so-called medullary tumor from the kidney of an infant, which had been deposited in the museum of the Royal College of Surgeons, London, in Hunter's time, and discovered that it belonged to that rare group of tumors which have been variously designated as rhabdomyosarcoma or as myosarcoma striocellulare.

1887 July 7, H. Longstreet Taylor, “Primary malignant degeneration of the kidney in infancy”, in The American Journal of the Medical Sciences, page 469:

Rhabdomyosarcoma, the most common primary malignant orbital tumor of childhood, has been classified histologically as embryonal, differentiated, or alveolar.

1967, Arnold J. Kroll, “Fine-structural classification of orbital rhabdomyosarcoma”, in Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, volume 6, number 5, pages 531–543.:

(pathology) A cancerous tumor of skeletal muscle.


rhabdomyoma

rhabdomyoma (plural rhabdomyomas or rhabdomyomata)

rhabdomyomas (plural)
rhabdomyomata (plural)

(pathology) A non-cancerous tumor of skeletal muscle.


leiomyosarcoma

leiomyosarcoma (plural leiomyosarcomas or leiomyosarcomata)

leiomyosarcomas (plural)
leiomyosarcomata (plural)

(pathology) A cancerous tumor of smooth muscle.


leiomyoma

leiomyoma (plural leiomyomas or leiomyomata)

leiomyomas (plural)
leiomyomata (plural)

(pathology) A non-cancerous tumor of smooth muscle


budesonide

(pharmacology) A corticosteroid used in the treatment of various diseases.


IFR

For quotations using this term, see Citations:IFR.

(epidemiology) Initialism of infection fatality rate.


traumatology

(medicine, psychology) A branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of trauma.


sociopathy

sociopathy (countable and uncountable, plural sociopathies)

(psychiatry) The property of being a sociopath, a person showing antisocial behavior as part of psychiatric pathology.


xenologous

(genetics) homologous due to horizontal gene flow


poikilothermia

(medicine) The inability to regulate one's body temperature.


polynesic

en-adj

polynesic (comparative more polynesic, superlative most polynesic)

more polynesic (comparative)
most polynesic (superlative)

By analogy with the scattered islands of Polynesia

(medicine, of a disease) Having a scattered distribution of foci


adenoiditis

(medicine) Inflammation of the adenoid in the human throat.


tonsilitis

en-noun

tonsilitis (usually uncountable, plural tonsilitises)

(medicine) Alternative spelling of tonsillitis


squama

Borrowed from Latin squāma (“scale”). Doublet of squame.

(medicine) A scale cast off from the skin; a thin dry shred of epithelium.


squame

EGF increased proliferation and squame formation and induced keratinization in cultured MA cells, an observation heretofore not reported in rat MA cells.

1984, Gheorghe Stoica, In Vivo Diverse Spectrum of Neoplasms Induced in 30-day-old Rats and in Vitro Neoplastic Transformation of Rat Mammary Epithelial Cells Following a Single Pulse of N-Ethyl-N-Nitrosourea, page 113:

They flatten further and become compacted into a dense keratinous layer known as the stratum corneum. The superficial flake-like squames are eventually cast off (desquamate).

2009, David Weedon, Weedon's Skin Pathology, page 248:

Squames begin life as normal cells in the lower layers of the epidermis but, as they travel towards the surface, they progressively lose all recognizable contents, becoming plates of mainly keratin protein, based on a progressive deposition of protein on the intermediate filaments of the cytoskeleton.

2011, Terence Allen, Graham Cowling, The Cell: A Very Short Introduction, Oxford, page 80:

Here the invading cell masses of the cancer consist of short thick squames, and the nearest approach to cell nest formation may be only a whorling of those squames in the centres of the cell masses.

1928, Journal of the Cancer Research Committee of the University of Sydney, Volume 1, page 210:

Second, if it is a squame, the nuclear size and chromatin pattern are determined. If the nucleus of this squame is plump and vesicular with an intact chromatin pattern, the cell is an intermediate; if it is pyknotic, shrunken, and hyperchromatic and lacks chromatin pattern, the cell is a superficial.

1961, Edmund R. Novak, Georgeanna Seegar Jones, Novak's Textbook of Gynecology, page 766:

As the cells divide and the vaginal lining thickens, the cells nearest the lumen become nonviable and lose the characteristic appearance of a healthy cell monolayer. The misshapen, clumped cells are termed cornified. Specific cell types are superficial cells and anuclear squame cells (Fig. 2-2).

2011, Margaret V. Root Kustritz, Clinical Canine and Feline Reproduction: Evidence-Based Answers, page 7:

(medicine) A squamous (scale-like) cell.

Most of the right temporal bone is well-preserved, with the exception of much of the zygoma and the upper edge of the temporal squame (Plate 8).

1991, Phillip V. Tobias, The Skulls, Endocasts, and Teeth of Homo Habilis, page 84:

A tapering of the fragment on its inner surface, and the pattern of branching of the middle meningeal vessel grooves, have enabled us to identify the piece as most probably part of the left temporal squame of a cranium.

2003, South African Journal of Science - Volume 99, Issues 1-6, page 219:

Thus, the frontal fragment displays a slight concavity of the frontal squame behind glabella, a thin and flattened supra-orbital margin, and marked encroachment of the temporal lines just posterior to the supra-orbital margin.

2007, Frederick E. Grine, Evolutionary History of the "Robust" Australopithecines, page 287:


anomic

en-adj

anomic (comparative more anomic, superlative most anomic)

more anomic (comparative)
most anomic (superlative)

When these patients are asked to say aloud the name of an object in a drawing (like a broom), it is common for them to fall into an anomic state in which they cannot recover the name of the object, although they know perfectly well what object is represented in the drawing.

2019, Albert Costa, translated by John W. Schwieter, The Bilingual Brain, Penguin, published 2021, page 35:

(neurology) Characterized by or pertaining to anomia (the inability to remember names).


glycylcycline

(medicine) Any of a class of antibiotics related to the tetracyclines


monkeypox

From monkey + pox; originally so named based on cases in monkeys, although the name was a misnomer because monkeys are less of a reservoir for the disease than other animals are. More at Wikipedia (mpox § Nomenclature).

In a remote southwestern pocket of the Central African Republic, doctor Patrick Karume and his small team are on the jungle frontline to quarantine a rare outbreak of monkeypox.

2018 October 25, “On the frontline against monkeypox in Central African Republic”, in France 24, archived from the original on 2018-10-25:

Monkeypox is a rare viral pox-like disease from the smallpox family, only milder. It can be transmitted through respiratory droplets, contact with body fluids or contact with an infected animal or animal products.
The first human case of monkeypox was recorded in 1970 in the Democratic Republic of Congo. The United States saw a large outbreak among humans in 2003 after the virus spread from imported African rodents to pet prairie dogs. However, this is believed to be the first monkeypox virus infection in a Texas resident, according to Dallas County health officials.

2021 July 16, “Dallas resident returns from Nigeria with case of monkeypox”, in AP News, archived from the original on 2021-07-16:

Clusters of monkeypox cases have recently been identified in Britain and Portugal, while Spain is investigating suspected cases of the virus.

2022 May 20, Joseph Goldstein, “Officials Report a Possible Monkeypox Case in New York”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

(pathology) Synonym of mpox (whereas this synonym is deprecated since 2022).


adenocarcinoma

en-noun

adenocarcinoma (plural adenocarcinomas or adenocarcinomata)

adenocarcinomas (plural)
adenocarcinomata (plural)

(oncology) Any of several forms of carcinoma that originate in glandular tissue.

adenokarcinom

any of several forms of carcinoma that originate in glandular tissue


antiangiogenic

en-adj

antiangiogenic (comparative more antiangiogenic, superlative most antiangiogenic)

more antiangiogenic (comparative)
most antiangiogenic (superlative)

When considered in combination with the use of antiangiogenic therapy, this diagnostic tool is easy to apply and has broad utility among medical oncologists to avoid the risk of hemosputum in the great vessels [ 5 ].

2015 July 30, Hidetaka Uramoto et al., “Easy Diagnosis of Aortic Invasion in Patients with Lung Cancer Using Cine Magnetic Resonance Imaging”, in Case Reports in Oncology, volume 8, →DOI:

(pharmacology) That inhibits angiogenesis (especially when used to combat cancer).


keratitis

en-noun

keratitis (countable and uncountable, plural keratitises or keratitides)

keratitises (plural)
keratitides (plural)

Probably borrowed from French kératite, from Ancient Greek κέρᾰτ- (kérăt-), κέρας (kéras, “horn”) + French -ite (“-itis”); see kerato-.


pericarditis

pericarditis (countable and uncountable, plural pericarditides or pericardites)

pericarditides (plural)
pericardites (plural)

(cardiology, pathology) Inflammation of the pericardium, the membrane that surrounds the heart.

اِلْتِهَاب التَّأْمُور

inflammation of the pericardium, the membrane that surrounds the heart


bulbar conjunctiva

bulbar conjunctiva (plural bulbar conjunctivas or bulbar conjunctivae)

bulbar conjunctivas (plural)
bulbar conjunctivae (plural)

(anatomy) One of three parts of the conjunctiva, the bulbar conjunctiva is the conjunctiva covering the eyeball, over the sclera.


neuromuscular

Multiple sclerosis is a neuromuscular disease.

(anatomy) Pertaining to the voluntary or reflexive control of muscles by nerves.

neuromuscular

pertaining to the voluntary control of muscles by nerves


tastebud

(anatomy) Any of the small organs on the tongue used for tasting.

بُرْعُم تَذَوُّق

a small organ on the tongue used for tasting


abrader

a cartilage abrader; a corneal abrader

Something that abrades; a tool or machine for abrading.

(medicine) A surgical instrument used to abrade bone or other tissue.


benzonatate

(pharmacology) A particular kind of non-narcotic cough suppressant, taken orally.


divalent

(medicine) Having a vaccine valence of 2.


polyadenopathy

(medicine) A disease that affects multiple lymph nodes.


polyadenosis

(medicine) A disease that affects multiple lymph nodes


tach

wide-complex tach

V-tach


transsphenoidal adenomectomy

transsphenoidal adenomectomy (plural transsphenoidal adenomectomies)

(surgery) A surgical procedure for the removal of a tumor in Cushing's syndrome


zygapophyseal

(anatomy) Of or pertaining to the zygapophysis.


rhonchus

Borrowed from Latin rhonchus (“snoring”), from Ancient Greek ῥόγχος (rhónkhos) (Caelius Aurelianus), of imitative origin.

“You have poisoned yourself again!” Humfried emitted an alarming rhonchus.

2006, Thomas Pynchon, Against the Day, Vintage, published 2007, page 699:

(medicine) A dry rattling sound heard during breathing, due to deposits in the bronchial tubes.


lenalidomide

(medicine) A derivative of thalidomide used to treat some myelomas


salinosporamide

(cytology) A highly cytotoxic proteasome inhibitor obtained from a marine bacterium


crusted

The ulcerated form of the tertiary syphilide, like that of the papular, almost invariably developes from the crusted modifications.

1896, Paul Gerson Unna, The Histopathology of the Diseases of the Skin, page 563:

From these squamous forms the others may develop by intensification of the inflammation; and thus we may get, on the one hand, the scabbed or crusted varieties (many cases of so-called psoriasis gyrata and annulata , and many dry eczemas), or, on the other hand, the weeping varieties (ecz. seb. madidans capitis, aurium, genitalium, flexuosum) .

1898, New Sydenham Society, Selected Monographs on Dermatology, page 55:

A girl, aet. 11, came with a very crusted, neglected condition of the scalp which her mother stated had been present for about a month.

1903 August 19, Dr. G. N. Meachen, “West London Hospital”, in Medical Press and Circular, volume 127, page 194:

Crusted scabies is associated with greater transmissibility than scabies. No controlled therapeutic studies for crusted scabies have been conducted, and the appropriate treatment remains unclear.

2013, Bhushan Kumar, Somesh Gupta, Sexually Transmitted Infections, page 627:

(medicine) Characterized by crusty patches.


neurofibromatosis

neurofibromatosis (countable and uncountable, plural neurofibromatoses)

(medicine) A genetic disorder characterized by the presence of multiple neurofibromas under the skin.


neurofibroma

neurofibroma (plural neurofibromas or neurofibromata)

neurofibromas (plural)
neurofibromata (plural)

fibroblasts surrounding nerve cells
fibroblasts surrounding nerve cells

(medicine) A benign tumor composed of fibroblasts surrounding nerve cells


reflex hammer

(medicine) A tool used by physician to hit the body and test for certain reflexes.


urogenital papilla

(anatomy, zoology) A tubular ending of the urogenital ducts behind the anus in teleost fish.


interferential stimulation

(medicine) The treatment of heat-injured muscles and joints by the application of an alternating-current electrical stimulus


involucrum

Borrowed from Latin involūcrum. Doublet of involucre.

(anatomy) A sheath that covers or envelopes, especially one that forms around the sequestrum of new bone.


neurogeneticist

/ˌnjʊəɹəʊd͡ʒəˈnɛtɪsɪst/

/ˌnʊɹoʊd͡ʒəˈnɛtɪsɪst/

From neuro- + geneticist, on the pattern of neurogenetics.

(biology and medicine) A specialist or expert in neurogenetics.


neurogenetics

(medicine, genetics) The study of the role of genetics in the development of neurological disorders


lymphatism

Lymphatism. Post-mortem examination on a boy 10 years of age who died after receiving a blow on the head revealed a thymus gland of considerable bulk, 4 inches long.

1914, Hugh Stannus Stannus, “Congenital Anomalies in a Native African Race”, in Biometrika, volume 10, number 1, page 6:

Status lymphaticus (lymphatism) is a condition found in children and some adults, characterized by an enlargement of the lymphoid tissues throughout the body and more particularly by enlargement of the thymus gland.

1911, “Lymphatic_System”, in Encyclopædia Britannica, 11th edition, New York, N.Y.: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.:

(medicine, historical) Enlargement or swelling of the lymphatic tissue, associated in the past with sudden death of children but no longer considered to be an authentic ailment.


cranidium

cranidium (plural cranidiums or cranidia)

(anatomy) In trilobites, the part of the cephalon (the head) consisting of the glabella and the fixigenae.


fixigena

(anatomy) The "fixed cheek" cephalic shell surrounding glabella inside of facial sutures.


librigena

(anatomy) The "free cheek" cephalic shell on either side of the glabella outside of the facial sutures.


systemic circulation

systemic circulation (countable and uncountable, plural systemic circulations)

(anatomy) The part of blood circulation which carries oxygenated blood away from the heart, to the body, and returns deoxygenated blood back to the heart.


pulmonary circulation

pulmonary circulation (plural pulmonary circulations)

(anatomy) The part of blood circulation which carries oxygen-depleted blood away from the heart, to the lungs, and returns oxygenated blood back to the heart.


pleural lobe

(anatomy) One of the two longitudinal lobes found on the flanks of various crustacea and arthropods.


axial lobe

(anatomy) The longitudinal lobe found in various crustacea, fish and arthropods, running down the centre of the animal.


corticopontine

(anatomy) Pertaining to, or connecting the cerebral cortex and the pons.


homeodomain

(biochemistry, genetics) A folded protein domain that binds to DNA and has a function in transcription


trigeminocerebellar

(neuroanatomy) Of, pertaining to or connecting the trigeminal nerve and the cerebral cortex


pycnodysostosis

pycnodysostosis (countable and uncountable, plural pycnodysostoses)

From Ancient Greek πυκνός (puknós, “dense”) + dys- (“defective”) + ostosis (“condition of the bone”).

prefix

(medicine) A genetic disorder characterized by dense, fragile bones and dwarfism.


pyelography

(medicine) radiography of the kidney, ureter and bladder following injection of a radiopaque substance


pyoderma

en-noun

pyoderma (plural pyodermas or pyodermata)

(medicine) An infection of the skin by pyogenic bacteria.


pyrotoxin

(toxicology) Any of several pyrogenic bacterial toxins.


tenosynovitis

tenosynovitis (countable and uncountable, plural tenosynovitides or tenosynovites)

tenosynovitides (plural)
tenosynovites (plural)

From tenosynovium + -itis or teno- + synovitis.

(pathology) An inflammation of the fluid-filled sheath (the synovium) that surrounds a tendon.


tendovaginitis

tendovaginitis (usually uncountable, plural tendovaginitides)

(pathology, dated) Synonym of tenosynovitis


quasispecies

(genetics) A group of similar nucleic acid molecules; a group of organisms (especially viruses) having such similar genomes.


pelvic floor

1994, T. Sayer, T. Smith, 2.9 Pelvic Floor Biopsy, Bernhard Schüssler, Jo Laycock, Peggy A. Norton, Stuart L. Stanton (editors), Pelvic Floor Re-Education, Springer, page 99,
Single-fibre electromyography (SFEMG) and pudendal nerve terminal motor latency (PNTML) recordings were done in control women and women with genitourinary prolapse or stress incontinence who also had a pelvic floor muscle biopsy.

Pelvic floor ultrasound is often described as a niche investigation within obstetrics and gynecology and even within gynecological ultrasound.

2008, Hans Peter Dietz, Lennox P.J. Hoyte, Anneke B. Steensma, Atlas of Pelvic Floor Ultrasound, Springer, page v:

High-resolution three-dimensional endovaginal ultrasonography (EVUS) provides a detailed evaluation of the pelvic floor muscles and the levator ani complex, the lower urinary tract, and the anorectal region in planes that cannot be determined by conventional two-dimensional EVUS.

2010, Giulio Aniello Santoro, Andrzej Paweł Wieczorek, S. Abbas Shobeiri, Aleksandra Stankiewicz, “6: Endovaginal Ultrasonography”, in Giulio Santoro, Andrzej P. Wieczorek, Clive I. Bartram, editors, Pelvic Floor Disorders, Springer, page 61:

(anatomy) A muscular partition, formed by the muscle fibers of the levator ani, the coccygeus, and associated connective tissue, which spans the area underneath the pelvis.


acidotic

en-adj

acidotic (comparative more acidotic, superlative most acidotic)

more acidotic (comparative)
most acidotic (superlative)

Acidotic animals go off their feed, pant and salivate excessively, paw and scratch their bellies, and eat dirt.

2006, Michael Pollan, The Omnivore's Dilemma, The Penguin Press, →ISBN, page 78:

(pathology) Having depressed alkalinity of blood or tissue.

acidotisch

having depressed alkalinity of blood or tissue


ventricular fibrillation

en-noun

ventricular fibrillation (usually uncountable, plural ventricular fibrillations)

(cardiology) An abnormal heart rhythm in which the ventricles of the heart quiver instead of pumping normally.

رجفان بطيني

condition where cardiac muscle is contracted irregularly and rapidly


dural

(anatomy, relational) Relating to the dura mater.


cholagogue

(obsolete, medicine) Any agent that promotes the discharge of bile.


cordectomy

(surgery) The surgical removal of a cord, especially that of the vocal cord.


desquamation

desquamation (countable and uncountable, plural desquamations)

From Latin desquamare (“to scrape the scales off a fish”), from squāma (“scale”).

uder

After the rash of measles fades, there is desquamation.

(medicine) The shedding of the outer layers of the skin.


hypofunction

en-noun

hypofunction (countable and uncountable, plural hypofunctions)

Manifestations of disease may include hypofunction (such as constipation), hyperfunction (such as increased mucus production), or increased mechanical function (such as a seizure).

2011, Professional Guide to Pathophysiology, Lippincott, Williams, & Wilkins, page 2


BBW

BBW (countable and uncountable, plural BBWs)

Abbreviation.
* (big beautiful woman): Coined by Carole Shaw in 1979 in the first sense with the launch of BBW Magazine, a fashion and lifestyle magazine for plus-size women.

(sexuality) Initialism of big beautiful woman: used as a positive description for women who are (sometimes slightly) overweight and physically attractive

(body morphology) Initialism of big-boned woman: recoinage of the acronym, making fun of the typical term for overweight women.


adiposis

adiposis (countable and uncountable, plural adiposes)

These adiposes are etiologically divisible into two types; those, on the one hand, which constitute a phenomenon of hypo- or athyroidea; and, those, on the other hand, which are sequela to hypoplasias and to functional errors in the germinal organs (castration, genital infantilism, etc).

1922, Julius Parker Sedgwick, Text-Book of Pediatrics, page 210:

2004, Günther Wittlinger, Hildegard Wittlinger, Textbook of Dr. Vodders: Manual Lymph Drainage, Volume 1: Basic Course, 7th Edition, Complementary Medicine Series, page 92,
One should always differentiate between adiposis and panniculopathia-oedemato-fibrosclerotica (the so-called cellulite).

The site of the presystolic activation and delayed conduction along the reentrant circuit have been shown to have significant abnormalities such as fibrosis, adiposis, and degeneration of the myocardium. The scattered myocyte islets in the extensive adiposis and/or fibrosis can form an electrical maze around the surgical suture area.

2009, Ziad F. Issa, John M. Miller, Douglas P. Zipes, Clinical Arrhythmology and Electrophysiology: A Companion to Braunwald's Heart Disease, page 479:

(medicine) A condition marked by the accumulation of adipose (fatty) tissue.


normothermic

/nɔːməˈθɜːmɪk/

/nɔɹmoʊˈθɝmɪk/

In contrast to cold preservation, the concept of normothermic preservation is to maintain the cellular metabolism.

2011, Korkut Uygun, Charles Y. Lee, Methods in Bioengineering: Organ Preservation and Reengineering, →ISBN, page 3:

(medicine) Having a normal body temperature


normothermia

(medicine) The condition of having a normal body temperature

normaalilämpöisyys

condition of having normal body temperature


antiparasitic

en-adj

antiparasitic (comparative more antiparasitic, superlative most antiparasitic)

more antiparasitic (comparative)
most antiparasitic (superlative)

(medicine) That counters infection by parasites


antiparasitic

(medicine) A pesticide that counters infection by parasites


DT

en-noun

DT (countable and uncountable, plural DTs)

She knew, because she had held him, that he suffered DT's. Behind the initials was a metaphor, a delirium tremens, a trembling unfurrowing of the mind's ploughshare.

1966 March, Thomas Pynchon, chapter 5, in The Crying of Lot 49, New York, N.Y.: Bantam Books, published November 1976, →ISBN, page 95:

delirium tremens
delirium tremens#English

(pathology) Initialism of delirium tremens.

(medicine) Initialism of diphtheria and tetanus (a type of combination vaccine).


immunocompetent

(immunology) Having a functioning immune system.


LAIV

(medicine) Acronym of live attenuated influenza vaccine.


augmentation cystoplasty

augmentation cystoplasty (plural augmentation cystoplasties)

(medicine) A surgical procedure in which a portion of the intestine is connected to the bladder head to allow for urinary voiding.