chimera

monolith

antonym(s) of “anything composed of very disparate parts”

Variant of Middle English chimere, chymere, & chymera under renewed Latin influence from the 16th century, from French chimère, from Latin Chimaera, from Ancient Greek Χίμαιρα (Khímaira, “fire-breathing mythological monster, fire-spewing Lycian or Cilician mountain”), from χίμαιρα (khímaira, “she-goat”, from χίμαρος (khímaros, “male goat”) + -α (-a)), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰey-. In reference to the fish, directly from Latin Chimaera, used by Linnaeus. In reference to organisms with distinct areas of different genetic makeups, a calque of German Chimäre, used by Hans Winkler in 1907.

af

[P]reembryo cells from different parents can combine and grow into a chimera (an individual with cells from two or more zygotes)—in this case, an entity containing genetic material from four parents! Spontaneous chimeras […] occur rarely in our species. Recent examples include a woman who resulted from the merger of two zygotes or the early fusion of two genetically distinct embryos.

2014, David A[lan] Grimes, Linda G. Brandon, “Miscarriage: The Healthy Winnowing of Pregnancy”, in Every Third Woman in America: How Legal Abortion Transformed Our Nation, Carolina Beach, N.C.: Daymark Publishing, →ISBN:

The DNA test returned a false negative because the killer was a chimera, having absorbed her twin in utero.

(genetics) An organism with genetically distinct cells originating from two or more zygotes.

quimera

organism with genetically distinct cells from two or more zygotes


clang

1570, of imitative origin; Compare also Saterland Frisian Kloang, West Frisian klank, Dutch klank, German Klang (from klingen), Danish and Swedish klang, Latin clangere.

For much of this day, Mrs Y. wrote in her diary, covering page after page in a rapid scrawl full of paligraphic repetitions, puns, clangs, and violent, perseverative crossings-out […]

(psychology, psychiatry) A word or phrase linked only by sound and not by meaning, characteristic of some mental disorders.


clang

en-verb

clang (third-person singular simple present clangs, present participle clanging, simple past and past participle clanged)

clangs (present singular third-person)
clanging (participle present)
clanged (participle past)
clanged (past)

(psychology, psychiatry) To utter a word or phrase linked only by sound and not by meaning, characteristic of some mental disorders.


communication

en-noun

communication (countable and uncountable, plural communications)

→ Japanese: コミュニケーション (komyunikēshon)

Inherited from Middle English communicacion, from Old French communicacion, from Latin commūnicātiōnem, accusative singular of commūnicātiō (“imparting, communicating”), from commūnicō (“I share, I impart”).
Morphologically communicate + -ion.

inh+

...and here a free communication had been established between the aorta and the vena cava.

1855, William Stokes, The Diseases of the Heart and the Aorta Page 617

(anatomy) A connection between two tissues, organs, or cavities.


compensation

en-noun

compensation (countable and uncountable, plural compensations)

From Middle English compensacioun, from Old French compensacion, from Latin compensātiōnem, accusative singular of compensātiō.

(neuroscience) The ability of one part of the brain to overfunction in order to take over the function of a damaged part (e.g. following a stroke).


congestion

congestion (countable and uncountable, plural congestions)

/-ˈd͡ʒɛʃ.d͡ʒən/

/kʊnˈd͡ʒɛʃ.d͡ʒən/

From late Middle English congestioun, from Old French [Term?], from Latin congestĭō (“heap, accumulation”), from congerō (“to bring together, accumulate, heap up”), formed by the root gerō (“to carry”) and the prefix con-.

arterial congestion

venous congestion

congestion of the lungs

The hindrance or blockage of the passage of something, for example a fluid, mixture, traffic, people, etc. (due to an excess of this or due to a partial or complete obstruction), resulting in overfilling or overcrowding.

(medicine) Blocking up of the capillary and other blood vessels, etc., in any locality or organ (often producing other morbid symptoms); local hypermic, active or passive.

vértolulás

medicine: blocking up of the capillary and other blood vessels, etc., in any locality or organ (often producing other morbid symptoms); local hypermic, active or passive

(medicine) An excess of mucus or fluid in the respiratory system; congestion of the lungs, or nasal congestion.


contraindication

/ˌkɒntɹəɪndɪˈkeɪʃən/

(medicine) A factor or symptom which makes a certain treatment inadvisable, generally or individually.


crest

From Middle English creste, from Old French creste (modern French crête) and perhaps continuing Old English cræsta (“crest, tuft, plume”); both ultimately from Vulgar Latin *cresta, from Latin crista. Doublet of crista.
The informal meaning “design, logo” (sense 11) stems from a misinterpretation of the heraldic sense 4, which specifically refers to the object placed on top of the helm.

inh

(anatomy) A ridge along the surface of a bone.

harja

anatomy: ridge along the surface of a bone


decoration

en-noun

decoration (countable and uncountable, plural decorations)

/ˌdɛkəˈɹeɪʃən/

From Latin decoratio: compare French décoration.
Morphologically decorate + -ion

(biochemistry, immunology) The use of exotic sugars as decoys to distract the immune system of a host


deleterious

en-adj

deleterious (comparative more deleterious, superlative most deleterious)

more deleterious (comparative)
most deleterious (superlative)

Borrowed (1640s, 1582 as deletorious) from Medieval Latin deleterius, deletorius, from Ancient Greek δηλητήριος (dēlētḗrios, “noxious, deleterious”), from δηλητήρ (dēlētḗr, “a destroyer”), from δηλέομαι (dēléomai, “I hurt, damage, spoil, waste”). Not related to delete.

der

A deleterious mutation


denudation

en-noun

denudation (countable and uncountable, plural denudations)

From Middle French dénudation, from Latin denudatio.

Severe radiation poisoning results in the total denudation of the gastrointestinal tract.

The act of stripping off covering, or removing the surface; a making bare.

(medicine) The loss of the cellular covering of (the interior or exterior surface of an organ, etc.).


depolarization

depolarization (countable and uncountable, plural depolarizations)

hypopolarization:

shift in intracellular electrical charge distribution

The act of reducing polarity, or the result of such action; reduction to an unpolarized or less polarized condition.

(biology, medicine) An intracellular shift in electrical charge distribution, resulting in less negative charge inside the cell compared with outside; it is essential to the function of many cells, communication between cells, and the overall physiology of an organism.


derivation

derivation (countable and uncountable, plural derivations)

From Middle English derivacioun, borrowed from Middle French dérivation, from Latin dērīvātiō, dērīvātiōnem.
Morphologically derive + -ation

(medicine, historical) A drawing of humors or fluids from one part of the body to another, to relieve or lessen a morbid process.


diabetes

From Latin diabētēs (“siphon”), from Ancient Greek διαβήτης (diabḗtēs), from Ancient Greek διαβαίνω (diabaínō, “to pass through”).

der

In the UK, one in 10 people over 40 live with type 2 diabetes, while one in four have high blood pressure, a condition described as a “silent killer” because it increases the risk of heart attack and stroke but rarely causes symptoms beforehand.

2020 September 7, Ian Sample, The Guardian:

(pathology) Diabetes mellitus; any of a group of metabolic diseases whereby a person (or other animal) has high blood sugar due to an inability to produce, or inability to metabolize, sufficient quantities of the hormone insulin.

atsʼíístah áshįįh łikan nanitʼąʼ silį́į́ʼ


digest

en-verb

digest (third-person singular simple present digests, present participle digesting, simple past and past participle digested)

digests (present singular third-person)
digesting (participle present)
digested (participle past)
digested (past)

From Middle English digesten, from Latin dīgestus, past participle of dīgerō (“carry apart”), from dī- (for dis- (“apart”)) + gerō (“I carry”), influenced by Middle French digestion. Partly displaced native Old English meltan (intransitive) and mieltan (transitive), both “to melt, to digest,” whence Modern English melt.

aufschließen

in chemistry: to soften by heat and moisture

The Lips of the Abſceſs digeſted vvell, but from vvithin it onely gleeted, and thruſt out Fat, vvhich vve daily cut off vvithout the loſs of a drop of blood, and dreſſed up the Abſceſs vvith mundif. ex apio, continuing the uſe of diſcutient Fomentations and Cataplaſins.

1676, Richard Wiseman, “The First Book. A Treatise of Tumours. Chapter XVIII. Of an Oedema.”, in Severall Chirurgicall Treatises, London: […] E. Flesher and J. Macock, for R[ichard] Royston […], and B[enjamin] Took, […], →OCLC, page 89:

(medicine, obsolete, intransitive) To suppurate; to generate pus, as an ulcer.

(medicine, obsolete, transitive) To cause to suppurate, or generate pus, as an ulcer or wound.


disc

From French disque, from Latin discus, from Ancient Greek δίσκος (dískos, “disk, quoit, platter”). Doublet of dais, desk, discus, dish, disk, and diskos.


discontinuation

en-noun

discontinuation (countable and uncountable, plural discontinuations)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-discontinuation.wav

(medicine) The process of quitting a course of treatment with a drug.


dominant

→ Polish: dominant

Finally, if we suppose provisionally that the mutant genes are dominant just as often as they are recessive, selection will be far more severe in eliminating the disadvantageous dominants than in eliminating the disadvantageous recessives.

1930, R. A. Fisher, J. H. Bennett, The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection, page 50:

(genetics) Of an allele, that a heterozygote for the allele has the same phenotype as the homozygote.


dominant

en-adj

dominant (comparative more dominant, superlative most dominant)

more dominant (comparative)
most dominant (superlative)

(medicine) Designating the follicle which will survive atresia and permit ovulation.


duplication

en-noun

duplication (countable and uncountable, plural duplications)

Borrowed from Middle French, from Late Latin duplicatio, duplicationem, from Latin duplico.
Morphologically duplicate + -ion

(genetics) The act of copying a nucleotide sequence from one chromosome to another.

(genetics) A nucleotide sequence copied through such a process.


emasculation

emasculation (countable and uncountable, plural emasculations)

(medicine) The removal of the penis, testicles, and scrotum of (a male person or animal).


empiricism

empiricism (countable and uncountable, plural empiricisms)

ἐμπειρῐκή

practice of medicine founded on experience only

Near-synonyms: folk medicine; quackery; charlatanry

Empiricism is not peculiar to Denmark; and I know of no way of rooting it out, though it be a remnant of exploded witchcraft, till the acquiring a general knowledge of the component parts of the human frame, become a part of public education.

1796, Mary Wollstonecraft, Letters Written in Sweden, Norway, and Denmark, Oxford, published 2009, page 105:

Even at the height of its popularity, medical empiricism was the creature of a most unforgiving free market economy. Successful practitioners seduced crowds as well as public officials.

1990, Alison Klairmont Lingo, "Review of Professional and Popular Medicine in France, 1770-1830 by Matthew Ramsey," Journal of Social History, vol. 23, no. 3 (Spring), p. 607

(medicine, now chiefly historical) Medicine as practised by an empiric, founded on mere (personal or anecdotal) experience, without the aid of science or a knowledge of principles.


exaltation

exaltation (countable and uncountable, plural exaltations)

From Middle English exaltacioun, exaltatioun, from Old French exaltacion and Latin exaltātiō (“exaltation, elevation”), from exaltō (“raise, elevate, exalt”), from ex (“from, out of”) + altus (“high”).

der

(medicine, archaic) An abnormal sense of personal well-being, power, or importance, observed as a symptom in various forms of insanity.


excitation

en-noun

excitation (countable and uncountable, plural excitations)

From Middle English excitacion, excitacioun, from Old French excitation, from Latin excitātiō.
Morphologically excite + -ation

(physiology) The activity produced in an organ, tissue, or part, such as a nerve cell, as a result of stimulation

възбуда

(physiology) activity produced in an organ, tissue, or part, such as a nerve cell, as a result of stimulation


expectation

expectation (countable and uncountable, plural expectations)

From Middle French expectation, from Latin exspectātiō, from exspectō (“expect”). By surface analysis, expect + -ation. Displaced native Old English wēn.

(medicine, rare) The leaving of a disease principally to the efforts of nature to effect a cure.


expectoration

expectoration (usually uncountable, plural expectorations)

(physiology) The action of expectorating, of ejecting phlegm or mucus from the throat or lungs by coughing, hawking, or spitting.

(physiology) That which is expectorated, as phlegm or mucus.


exploration

exploration (countable and uncountable, plural explorations)

/ˌɛkspləˈɹeɪʃən/

From Middle French exploration, from Latin exploratio
Morphologically explore + -ation

physical examination
physical examination

(medicine) A physical examination of a patient.


extension

extension (countable and uncountable, plural extensions)

From Middle English extensioun, from Old French estension, from Latin extensiō, extensiōnem.

(medicine) The operation of stretching a broken bone so as to bring the fragments into the same straight line.

екстензия

medicine: operation of stretching a broken bone


extrication

extrication (countable and uncountable, plural extrications)

(public safety, emergency medicine) Rescue of a trapped person in a vehicle or machinery.


facilitation

facilitation (countable and uncountable, plural facilitations)

/fəˌsɪlɪˈteɪʃən/

/fəˌsɪləˈteɪʃən/

From facilitate + -ion. Compare Latin facilitātiō.

(physiology) The process of synapses becoming more capable of transmitting the same type of signal each time certain types of sensory signals pass through sequences of these synapses.


fascia

Borrowed from Latin fascia (“a band, bandage, swathe”). Related to fascēs (“bundle of rods containing an axe with the blade projecting”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰask- (“bundle, band”). Cognate with fajita, fess, and fascism.

der

The deepest layer of cervical fascia consists of two main subdivisions: the alar and prevertebral fasciae.

2006, Dennis E. McDonnell, Steven J. Harrison, “10: Retropharyngeal Approach to the Occipitocervical Junction”, in Richard G. Fessler, Laligam N. Sekhar, editors, Atlas of Neurosurgical Techniques: Spine and Peripheral Nerves, Thieme Medical Publishers, page 89:

Close-up of the fascia surrounding a muscle in an unembalmed cadaver.

2017, David Lesondak, Fascia: What it is and Why it Matters, Handspring Publishing, page 3, Figure 1.1

2017, Andrea Pasini, Antonio Stecco, Carla Stecco, 19: Fascial Anatomy of the Viscera, Torsten Liem, Paolo Tozzi, Anthony Chila (editors), Fascia in the Osteopathic Field, Handspring Publishing, page 173,
This is evidence that the insertional fasciae are the ones that provide the connections between internal fasciae and muscular fascia, and between the different organs. The same pattern can be applied to the fasciae that surround the glands.

(anatomy) The layer of loose tissue, often containing fat, immediately beneath the skin; the stronger layer of connective tissue covering and investing muscles and organs; an aponeurosis.


fixation

en-noun

fixation (countable and uncountable, plural fixations)

From Old French fixation. By surface analysis, fix + -ation.

fixació

a state of mind involving obsession with a particular person, idea or thing

(genetics) The change in a gene pool from a situation where there exists at least two variants of a particular gene (allele) to a situation where only one of the alleles remains.

(cytology, histology, pathology) preservation of biological tissues from decay due to autolysis or putrefaction.

fiksasi

(ophthalmology) maintaining of the gaze on a single location.


flap

From Middle English flap, flappe (“a slap; blow; buffet; fly-flap; something flexible or loose; flap”), related to Saterland Frisian Flappert (“wing, flipper”), Middle Dutch flabbe (“a blow; slap on the face; fly-flap; flap”) (modern Dutch flap (“flap”)), Middle Low German flabbe, vlabbe, flebbe, from the verb (see below). Related also to English flab and flabby.

cog

(surgery) A piece of tissue incompletely detached from the body, as an intermediate stage of plastic surgery.


foment

en-verb

foment (third-person singular simple present foments, present participle fomenting, simple past and past participle fomented)

foments (present singular third-person)
fomenting (participle present)
fomented (participle past)
fomented (past)

From Middle English fomenten, a borrowing from Old French fomenter, from Late Latin fōmentāre, from Latin fōmentum (“lotion”), from fovēre (“heat, cherish”).

The maid had entered with us, and began once more to foment the bruise upon her mistress's brow.

1904, Arthur Conan Doyle, The Adventure of the Abbey Grange, Norton, published 2005, page 1178:

(medicine, transitive) To apply a poultice to; to bathe with a cloth or sponge.


formulation

en-noun

formulation (countable and uncountable, plural formulations)

формулиране

act, process, or result of formulating or reducing to a formula

If you liked our old shampoo, you'll love the new kinder, gentler formulation.


gap

From Middle English gap, gappe, from Old Norse gap (“an empty space, gap, chasm”), from gapa (“to gape, scream”), from Proto-Germanic *gapōną, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeh₂- (“to open wide, gape”). Related to Danish gab (“an expanse, space, gap”), Old English ġeap (“open space, expanse”); compare English gape.

cog

(genetics) An unsequenced region in a sequence alignment.


gather

en-verb

gather (third-person singular simple present gathers, present participle gathering, simple past and past participle gathered)

gathers (present singular third-person)
gathering (participle present)
gathered (participle past)
gathered (past)

From Middle English gaderen, from Old English gaderian (“to gather, assemble”), from Proto-West Germanic *gadurōn (“to bring together, unite, gather”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰedʰ- (“to unite, assemble, keep”).

der

Salt water can help boils to gather and then burst.

(intransitive, medicine, of a boil or sore) To be filled with pus


gaze

From Middle English gasen; akin to Swedish dialectal gasa and Gothic 𐌿𐍃𐌲𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌽 (usgaisjan, “to terrify”).

cog

She counters the tendency to focus on critical strategies of resisting the male gaze, raising the issue of the female spectator.

2003, Amelia Jones, The feminism and visual culture reader, page 35:

(psychoanalysis) In Lacanian psychoanalysis, the relationship of the subject with the desire to look and awareness that one can be viewed.


glans

Learned borrowing from Latin glāns (“acorn”).

حَشَفَة

(anatomy) A structure at the extremity of the penis and of the clitoris in humans and other mammals.

Ellipsis of glans penis or penile glans.

glans clitoridis
glans clitoridis#English

Ellipsis of glans clitoridis or clitoral glans.


core

en-noun

core (countable and uncountable, plural cores)

desc

Translingual: core eudicots, core Malvales

From Middle English core, kore, coor (“apple-core, pith”), of obscure and uncertain origin. Possibly of native English origin, from Old English *cor, related to Old English *coruc, *corc (diminutive) (> Middle English cork, crok (“core of an apple or other fruit, heart of an onion”)) and Old English corn (“seed", also "grain”); or alternatively perhaps from Old French cuer (“heart”), from Latin cor (“heart”); or from Old French cors (“body”), from Latin corpus (“body”). Compare also Middle English colk, coke, coll (“the heart or centre of an apple or onion, core”), Dutch kern (“core”), German Kern (“core”). See also heart, corpse.

unc

obscure and uncertain

non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger

сърцеви́на

something that produces a hollow space in a casting

structural robustness
w:structural robustness

Hence particular parts of a subject studied or examined by technical operations, likened by position and practical or structural robustness to kernels, cores in the most vulgar sense above.

(medicine) A tiny sample of organic material obtained by means of a fine-needle biopsy.


granulation

en-noun

granulation (countable and uncountable, plural granulations)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-granulation.wav

From Late Latin grānulum (“granule”) + -ation. Attested earlier than granule and granulate. By surface analysis, granulate + -ion.

suffix

(medicine) Granulated tissue on the surface of a healing wound; granulation tissue.


gyration

en-noun

gyration (countable and uncountable, plural gyrations)

/ˌd͡ʒaɪˈɹeɪʃ(ə)n/

From gyre (“to spin around; to gyrate, to whirl; (rare) to make (something) spin or whirl around; to spin, to whirl”) + -ation (suffix indicating actions or processes). Gyre is from Late Middle English giren (“to turn (something) away; to cause (something) to revolve or rotate; to travel in a circle”), from Old French girer (“to turn”), and directly from its etymon Latin gȳrāre, the present active infinitive of gȳrō (“to turn in a circle, rotate; to circle or revolve around”) (from gȳrus (“circle; circular motion; circuit, course”), from Ancient Greek γῦρος (gûros, “a circle, a ring”), from Proto-Indo-European *gew- (“to bend; to curve”)) + -ō (suffix forming regular first-conjugation verbs).

ĝirado

act of turning or whirling, especially around a fixed axis or centre — see also rotation

(neurology) The arrangement of convolutions of gyri in the cerebral cortex of the brain.


hybridization

en-noun

hybridization (countable and uncountable, plural hybridizations)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-hybridization.wav

The act of hybridizing, or the state of being hybridized.

(genetics) The formation of double-stranded nucleic acid by complementary base-pairing


immune

en-adj

immune (comparative more immune, superlative most immune)

more immune (comparative)
most immune (superlative)

From Middle English, from Middle French immun, from Latin immūnis (“exempt from public service”), from in- (“not”) + mūnus (“service”).

der

I am immune to chicken pox.

(medicine, usually with "to") Protected by inoculation, or due to innate resistance to pathogens.

مَنِيع

protected due to innate resistance to pathogens

immune system

We examined the patient's immune response.

Many genes with reproductive roles also have antibacterial and immune functions, which indicate that the threat of microbial attack on the sperm or egg may be a major influence on rapid evolution during reproduction.

2013 May-June, Katrina G. Claw, “Rapid Evolution in Eggs and Sperm”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 3:

(medicine) Of or pertaining to immunity.


immune

Susceptibles effectively exposed to cases become cases in the next time period; cases recovering from the infection accumulate as immunes.

1965, Rene J. Dubos, James G. Hirsch, editors, Bacterial and Mycotic Infections of Man, page 742:

(epidemiology) A person who is not susceptible to infection by a particular disease


implantation

en-noun

implantation (countable and uncountable, plural implantations)

Borrowed from Middle French implantation.

bor+

(anatomy) The way in which an organ, bone, muscle etc. becomes inserted into its set place.

имплантация

anatomy: way an organ becomes inserted into its place

(surgery) The act of inserting a medical implant.

(embryology) The attachment of the fertilized ovum to the uterus wall.

kiinnittyminen

embryology: attachment of fertilized ovum


inbred

en-adj

inbred (comparative more inbred, superlative most inbred)

more inbred (comparative)
most inbred (superlative)

From the past participle of inbreed, equivalent to in- + bred.

(genetics) Describing a strain produced through successive generations of inbreeding resulting in a population of genetically identical individuals which are homozygous at all genetic loci.


incarceration

en-noun

incarceration (countable and uncountable, plural incarcerations)

/ɪŋˌkɑː(ɹ)səˈɹeɪʃən/

(surgery, dated) A strangulation, as in a hernia.


incarnation

incarnation (countable and uncountable, plural incarnations)

/ˌɪŋ.kɑːˈneɪ.ʃən/

/ˌɪŋ.kɑɹˈneɪ.ʃən/

From Middle English incarnacion, borrowed from Old French incarnacion, from Medieval Latin, Ecclesiastical Latin incarnatio, from Late Latin incarnari (“to be made flesh”).

der

(medicine, obsolete) The process of healing wounds and filling the part with new flesh; granulation.


incoordination

en-noun

incoordination (countable and uncountable, plural incoordinations)

Charcot later gave the classical picture of incoordination, tremor and nystagmus.

1997, Roy Porter, The Greatest Benefit to Mankind, Folio Society, published 2016, page 527:

(chiefly physiology) Lack of coordination, especially in terms of muscle control.


incubation

incubation (countable and uncountable, plural incubations)

From Latin incubātiō, from incubō (“to lie on”).

1829, A Practical Synopsis of Cutaneous Diseases
The course of small-pox, whether distinct or confluent, may be divided into five stages, which are known under the names of incubation, invasion, eruption, suppuration, and desiccation. This division, founded on the most prominent symptoms that the disease presents, although it is an arbitrary one, still affords a facility in the study. The period of incubation comprises the interval of time that elapses from the infection to the beginning of the attack; its duration is from six to twenty days. It is not designated by any visible symptom, as the individual apparently continues in good health.

(pathology) The development of a disease from its causes, or the period of such development.

itäminen

development of a disease from its causes, or its period of incubation


infest

en-verb

infest (third-person singular simple present infests, present participle infesting, simple past and past participle infested)

infests (present singular third-person)
infesting (participle present)
infested (participle past)
infested (past)

From Middle English infesten, from Old French infester (“to infest”), from Latin īnfestō (“assail, molest”, verb), from īnfestus (“hostile”).

(pathology, of a parasite) To invade a host plant or animal.


inflammation

en-noun

inflammation (countable and uncountable, plural inflammations)

From Middle French inflammation, from Latin īnflammātiō.

(pathology) A condition of any part of the body, consisting of congestion of the blood vessels, with obstruction of the blood current, and growth of morbid tissue. It is manifested outwardly by redness and swelling, attended with heat and pain.


innervation

innervation (countable and uncountable, plural innervations)

/ɪˌnɝˈveɪ.ʃən/

(anatomy, zoology):
The act of innervating or stimulating.

Special activity excited in any part of the nervous system or in any organ of sense or motion; the nervous influence necessary for the maintenance of life, and the functions of the various organs.

The distribution of nerves in an animal, or to any of its parts.


inoculation

inoculation (countable and uncountable, plural inoculations)

/ɪˌnɒkjʊˈleɪʃən/

/ɪˌnɑkjəˈleɪʃən/

From Latin inoculātio. Equivalent to inoculate + -ion.

We owe, also, to Lady Mary the introduction of inoculation—the moral courage she displayed; the blessing conferred by her exertions may well silence the harsh judgment which suits so little with our narrow and finite intelligence.

1837, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], “The End”, in Ethel Churchill: Or, The Two Brides. […], volume III, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 326:

(immunology) The introduction of an antigenic substance or vaccine into the body to produce immunity to a specific disease.

تَلْقِيح

introduction of substance into the body to produce immunity


insight

insight (countable and uncountable, plural insights)

From Middle English insight, insiht (“insight, mental vision, intelligence, understanding”), equivalent to in- + sight. Perhaps continuing Old English insiht (“narrative, argument, account”), from Proto-Germanic *insahtiz (“account, narrative, argument”). Compare West Frisian ynsjoch (“insight”), Dutch inzicht (“insight, awareness, view, opinion”), German Low German Insicht (“insight”), German Einsicht (“insight, knowledge, perception, understanding”), Danish indsigt (“insight”), Swedish insikt (“insight”), Icelandic innsýn (“insight”).

cog

(psychiatry) An individual's awareness of the nature and severity of one's mental illness.


inspiration

en-noun

inspiration (countable and uncountable, plural inspirations)

/ˌɪn.spəˈɹæɪ.ʃən/

From Middle English inspiracioun, from Old French inspiration, from Late Latin īnspīrātiōnem (nominative: īnspīrātiō), from Latin īnspīrātus (past participle of inspīrō).
Morphologically inspire + -ation. Displaced native Old English onbryrdnes (literally “in-pricked-ness”).

إِلْهَام

stimulating influence upon the intellect or emotions

genius is one percent inspiration, ninety-nine percent perspiration

Holonym: respiration

The respiratory movements are no longer normal and rhythmic acts of inspiration and exspiration, but abnormal and irregular expiratory movements

1857, M. Hall [junior] editor, Prone and postival respiration in drowning and other forms of apricea, or suspended respiration:

If a reaction involves increased muscle tonus and too much inspiration, muscle relaxation and exhalation exercises might be of use.

2008, G Berghs, “Stage fright in singers: Three reaction types”, in Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica:

(physiology, uncountable) The drawing of air into the lungs, accomplished in mammals by elevation of the chest walls and flattening of the diaphragm, as part of the act of breathing.


insolation

en-noun

insolation (usually uncountable, plural insolations)

Borrowed from French insolation, from Latin insolatio (“a setting or placing in the sun”).


intubation

en-noun

intubation (countable and uncountable, plural intubations)

Probably coined in 1880–1884 by Joseph O'Dwyer, M.D.; in widespread publication in 1887.

Intubation, it is now claimed, offers these advantages. Since the revival of this procedure by Dr. O'Dwyer a little more than a year ago, it has been tested in many cases

1886 July 3, Dulaskie Miller, “On the Treatment of Diphtheria”, in Journal of the American Medical Association:

Before proceeding to demonstrate the method of practising intubation of the larynx on this little cadaver, I will pass around for your inspection a few of the principal varieties of tubes devised to overcome obstruction in the larynx in croup and other forms of stenosis. They will serve to show the different stages of development through which this operation has passed from its inception in January 1880 to the present time.

1887, J. O'Dwyer, “Intubation Of The Larynx, With Demonstration On A Cadaver”, in Transactions of the Medical Society of the State of New York, page 323:

(medicine) The introduction of a tube into an organ to keep it open, as into the larynx in cases of croup.


invagination

invagination (countable and uncountable, plural invaginations)

(medicine) The process where an anatomical part invaginates upon itself or into another structure.

invagináció

the process where an anatomical part invaginates upon itself or into another structure


irritation

irritation (countable and uncountable, plural irritations)

/ˌɪɹɪˈteɪʃən/

Borrowed from Middle French irritation, from Latin irrītātiō, from irrītāre (“to excite”).

qıcıq

the act of exciting, or the condition of being excited to action, by stimulation

(physiology) A state of inflammation or of painful reaction to cell or tissue damage.


isolation

isolation (countable and uncountable, plural isolations)

/ˌaɪsəˈleɪʃən/

First attested in 1800. From French isolation, from isolé, placed on an island (thus away from other people). Equivalent to isolate + -ion.

Upon returning from the field, he went into isolation for a week so as not to infect anyone with potential diseases.

(medicine) The separation of a patient, suffering from a contagious disease, from contact with others (compare: quarantine)

каранти́на

medicine: separation of a patient from others


lap

(medicine, colloquial) Clipping of laparoscopy.

(medicine, colloquial) Clipping of laparotomy.


lap

(medicine, colloquial) Clipping of laparoscopic.


leech

From Middle English leche (“blood-sucking worm”), from Old English lǣċe (“blood-sucking worm”), akin to Middle Dutch lāke ("blood-sucking worm"; > modern Dutch laak).

gloss

"blood-sucking worm"; > modern Dutch <i class="Latn mention" lang="nl">laak</i>

(medicine, dated) A glass tube designed for drawing blood from damaged tissue by means of a vacuum.


lethal

Learned borrowing from Latin lētālis (“deadly, mortal, fatal”), improperly written lēthālis, from lētum (“death”), improperly written as lēthum, from a supposed connection with Ancient Greek λήθη (lḗthē, “oblivion, forgetfulness”).

nc

(genetics) An allele that causes the death of the organism that carries it.


meiosis

en-noun

meiosis (countable and uncountable, plural meioses)

From Ancient Greek μείωσις (meíōsis, “a lessening”), from μειόω (meióō, “I lessen”), from μείων (meíōn, “less”). The biological sense was coined by British biologists John Bretland Farmer and John Edmund Sharrock Moore in 1905 as maiosis in a paper in the Quarterly Journal of Microscopic Science, with the spelling corrected on etymological grounds later that year. Doublet of miosis.

coin

Meronyms: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, reduction division, equation division

Coordinate term: mitosis

(usually uncountable, cytology) Cell division of a diploid cell into four haploid cells, which develop to produce gametes.


metabolism

en-noun

metabolism (countable and uncountable, plural metabolisms)

From Ancient Greek μεταβολή (metabolḗ, “change”) + -ism, from μεταβάλλω (metabállō, “I change, I alter”) + -η (-ē, “action noun suffix”).

af

The metabolisms of aerobic bacteria require oxygen

(physiology) The chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life.

Small animals have a much higher metabolism than large animals because they lose more body heat

(physiology, by extension) The rate at which these processes occur for a given organism


mound

From earlier meaning "hedge, fence", from Middle English mound, mund (“protection, boundary, raised earthen rampart”), from Old English mund (“hand, hand of protection, protector, guardianship”), from Proto-West Germanic *mundu, from Proto-Germanic *mundō (“hand”), *munduz (“protection, patron”), from Proto-Indo-European *mh₂-nt-éh₂ (“the beckoning one”), from *(s)meh₂- (“to beckon”).
Cognate with Old Frisian mund (“guardianship”), Old High German munt (“hand, protection”) (German Mündel (“ward”), Vormund (“a guardian”)), Old Norse mund (“hand”) (Icelandic mund), Middle Dutch mond (“protection”), and possibly Latin manus (“hand”), Ancient Greek μάρη (márē, “hand”).

cog

(obsolete, anatomy, measurement, figuratively) A hand.


triceps

From Latin trīceps (“triple-headed”), from trēs (“three”) + caput (“head”). See there for more details.

(anatomy) Any muscle having three heads.

Kickbacks work the triceps muscle at the back of your arm. Exercising these muscles helps eliminate arm jiggle.

2010, Christina T. Loguidice, Bill Loguidice, Wii Fitness For Dummies:

(anatomy) Specifically, the triceps brachii.


node

→ Irish: nód

From Middle English node, borrowed from Latin nōdus. Doublet of knot, knout, and nodus.

(medicine) A hard concretion or incrustation which forms upon bones attacked with rheumatism, gout, or syphilis; sometimes also, a swelling in the neighborhood of a joint.

patti

medicine: concretion or incrustation upon bones


official

en-adj

official (comparative more official, superlative most official)

more official (comparative)
most official (superlative)

From Middle English official, from Old French official, from Latin officiālis, from Latin officium (“duty, service”), by surface analysis, office + -ial.

an official drug or preparation

(pharmacology) Sanctioned by the pharmacopoeia; appointed to be used in medicine; officinal.

(pharmacology) Listed in a national pharmacopeia.


plaque

en-noun

plaque (countable and uncountable, plural plaques)

Unadapted borrowing from French plaque (“plate, sheet (of metal); slab (of marble); bacteria on teeth”), from French plaquer, Middle French plaquer (“to plate”), from Middle Dutch placken (“to patch, beat metal into a thin plate”), from placke (“disk, patch, stain”), from Old Dutch *plagga (“patch”), from Proto-Germanic *plaggą (“patch”).
The word is cognate with Middle Low German placke, plagge (“small stain, scraps, rags, thin grass”), German Placken (“spot, patch”), Saterland Frisian plak, plakke (“a blow, slap”), Swedish plagg (“clothing, garment”). Compare plack.

plakki

(countable, pathology) A broad patch of abnormal tissue distinguishable from surrounding tissue, especially a broad papule (“inflamed, irritated patch”) on the skin.

läiskä

broad patch of abnormal tissue distinguishable from surrounding tissue, especially a broad papule on the skin

As we age, the major arteries of our bodies frequently become thickened with plaque, a fatty material with an oatmeal-like consistency that builds up along the inner lining of blood vessels. The reason plaque forms isn't entirely known, but it seems to be related to high levels of cholesterol inducing an inflammatory response, which can also attract and trap more cellular debris over time.

2013 July–August, Stephen P. Lownie, David M. Pelz, “Stents to Prevent Stroke: These Devices can Spring into Shape Automatically to Open Arteries Blocked with Plaque”, in American Scientist, New Haven, Conn.: Sigma Xi, the Scientific Research Society, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2017-05-29:

(countable, uncountable, pathology) An abnormal accumulation of material in or on an organ of the body, often associated with disease.

(countable, uncountable, pathology) An accumulation in artery walls made up of macrophage cells and debris containing lipids, (cholesterol and fatty acids), calcium, and connective tissue; an atheroma.

(uncountable, dentistry) An accumulation of biofilm, or bacteria, on teeth, which may develop into dental calculus (tartar).

пла̀ка

(countable, medicine) A deposit of beta-amyloid protein occurring in a nerve cell and associated with Alzheimer's disease.

amyloid plaque

apleural plaque

asenile plaque


prevalence

en-noun

prevalence (countable and uncountable, plural prevalences)

(epidemiology) The total number of cases of a disease in a given statistical population at a given time, divided by the number of individuals in that population.

اِنْتِشَار

number of cases compared to a total population


recessive

en-adj

recessive (comparative more recessive, superlative most recessive)

more recessive (comparative)
most recessive (superlative)

From Latin recēdō + -ive, or directly from New Latin recessīvus.

1944 June 21, James A. G. Rehn, South African Bird-Locust Records and Notes (Orthoptera; Acrididae; Cyrtacanthacridinae; Group Cyrtacanthacres), Notulae Naturae, Number 137, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, page 3,
The Lydenburg male and the other two females have the infuscate pattern definitely more recessive and less evident, although traceable.

This plan takes advantage of the fact that barless is the most recessive of a series of alleles.

1988, American Pigeon Journal, volume 76, page 36:

The series of murine Agouti alleles is a consistent array as it progresses from the most recessive to the most dominant allele (Jackson, 1994).

2001, D. P. Sponenberg, M. F. Rothschild, 6: Genetics of Coat Colour and Hair Texture, page 65:

(genetics) Able to be masked by a dominant allele or trait.


recessive

Suppose, for example, that we started with a population consisting of pure dominants, heterozygotes, and recessives in the ratio 1 : 4 : 4.

1915, Reginald Crundall Punnett, Mimicty in Butterflies, page 95:

Finally, if we suppose provisionally that the mutant genes are dominant just as often as they are recessive, selection will be far more severe in eliminating the disadvantageous dominants than in eliminating the disadvantageous recessives.

1930, R. A. Fisher, J. H. Bennett, The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection, page 50:

Selection favoring recessives is common in maize breeding for several traits, such as sweetness, opacity, brachysm, lack of ligules.

1988, Arnel R. Hallauer, Marcelo J. Carena, J.B. Miranda Filho, 6: Selection: Theory, 2nd edition, page 234:

2008, Ascertainment Test, entry in George P. Rédei, Encyclopedia of Genetics, Genomics, Proteomics, and Informatics, page 147,
In three-child families 27/64 will have no affected offspring, 9/37 will have 2, and 1/37 are expected to have 3 recessives.


regress

en-verb

regress (third-person singular simple present regresses, present participle regressing, simple past and past participle regressed)

regresses (present singular third-person)
regressing (participle present)
regressed (participle past)
regressed (past)

(verb) From Latin regressus, past participle of regredior (“to go back”), from re- (“back”) + gradior (“to go”).

(intransitive, medicine) To reduce in severity or size (as of a tumor), without reaching total remission.


represent

represent (third-person singular simple present represents, present participle representing, simple past and past participle represented)

represents (present singular third-person)
representing (participle present)
represented (participle past)
represented (past)

represented to the emergency department

(medicine) To present again, for instance for medical attention.


rosette

Etymology tree
Proto-Iranian *wardahder.?
Ancient Greek ῥόδον (rhódon)bor.?
Latin rosalbor.
Old French rose
Latin -ittus
Old French -ete
Old French rosete
Middle French rosettebor.
Middle French rosette
French rosetteinflu.
English rosette
Borrowed from Middle French rosette (in sense 15) and (modern) French rosette.

etymon

(medicine) A clustered formation of tumor cells.


saliva

en-noun

saliva (countable and uncountable, plural salivas or salivae or salivæ)

salivas (plural)
salivae (plural)
salivæ (plural)

A learned borrowing from Latin salīva (“spittle”), replacing or merging with Middle English salive, salve (“saliva”), from the same Latin source. Further origin uncertain. Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *salw-, *sal- (“dirt, dirty”), cognate with Old English salu (“dark, dusky”). More at sallow.

lbor

(physiology) A clear, slightly alkaline liquid secreted into the mouth by the salivary glands and mucous glands, consisting of water, mucin, protein, and enzymes. It moistens the mouth, lubricates ingested food, and begins the breakdown of starches.


sanguine

en-adj

sanguine (comparative more sanguine, superlative most sanguine)

more sanguine (comparative)
most sanguine (superlative)

From Middle English sanguine, from Old French sanguin, ultimately from Latin sanguineus (“of blood”), from sanguis (“blood”), of uncertain origin, perhaps Proto-Indo-European *h₁sh₂-én-, from *h₁ésh₂r̥ (“blood”). Doublet of sanguineous.

What, what, ye sanguine, shallow-hearted boys!

c. 1588–1593 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Lamentable Tragedy of Titus Andronicus”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene ii]:

I'll be no longer guilty of this sin; this sanguine coward, this
bed-presser, this horse-back-breaker, this huge hill of flesh.

c. 1597 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The First Part of Henry the Fourth, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene iv]:

(obsolete, physiology) Having a bodily constitution characterised by a preponderance of blood over the other bodily humours, thought to be marked by irresponsible mirth; indulgent in pleasure to the exclusion of important matters.

сангвиничен

having a bodily constitution characterised by a preponderance of blood over the other bodily humours


scan

en-verb

scan (third-person singular simple present scans, present participle scanning, simple past and past participle scanned)

scans (present singular third-person)
scanning (participle present)
scanned (participle past)
scanned (past)

⇒ Lithuanian: skenuoti

From late Middle English scanne (“to mark off verse to show metrical structure”), from earlier scanden, from Late Latin scandere (“to scan verse”), from Classical Latin scandō (“I climb, rise, mount”), from Proto-Indo-European *skend- (“to jump, dart, climb, scale, scan”).

مَحَّصَ

to examine sequentially, carefully, or critically; to scrutinize; to behold closely

to scan a photograph

to scan internal organs by means of computed tomography

Pencil drawings don't scan very well.

(computing, medicine, transitive) To create an image of something with the use of a scanner.


scout

From Middle English scout, scoult, from Old French escoute (“action of listening”), verbal noun from escouter (“to listen, heed”), from Latin auscultō (“to listen”). The verb comes from the noun.

A scout topogram is initially performed during continuous table motion, generating an anatomic overview image similar to a conventional radiograph at the locked projection.

2012, Ella A. Kazerooni, Baskaran Sundaram, Imaging of Lung Cancer, page 937:

It consisted of injecting an iodinated contrast agent while a breast was compressed in one projection after a scout film, taking several sequential films, and subtracting them from the scout film.

2016, John L. Cameron, Andrew M. Cameron, Current Surgical Therapy, page 721:

Because of this FOV limitation, several institutions use a weight cutoff or a scout radiograph lateral diameter cutoff, though the exact cutoff threshold varies from institution to institution.

2018, Savvas Nicolaou, Mohammed F. Mohammed, Multi-Energy CT: The New Frontier in Imaging, page 643:

(radiography) A preliminary image that allows the technician to make adjustments before the actual diagnostic images.


secondary

en-adj

secondary (not generally comparable, comparative more secondary, superlative most secondary)

more secondary (comparative)
most secondary (superlative)

From Middle English secundarie, from Latin secundārius (“of the second class or quality”), from secundus (whence the English second) + -ārius (whence the English suffix -ary), equivalent to second + -ary; compare the French secondaire, the Italian secondario, the Occitan secundari, the Portuguese secundario, and the Spanish secundario.

der

English numerals#Ordinal numbers
secondary

(anatomy) Pertaining to the second joint of the wing of a bird.

senary

Bright's disease is often secondary to scarlet fever.

the secondary symptoms of syphilis

(medicine) Dependent or consequent upon another disease, or occurring in the second stage of a disease.


segregation

en-noun

segregation (countable and uncountable, plural segregations)

/sɛɡɹəˈɡeɪ̯ʃən/

1555. From Latin segregatio.
Morphologically segregate + -ion

сегрегация

politics, public policy — see also apartheid

(genetics) The separation of a pair of chromatids or chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis


serve

en-verb

serve (third-person singular simple present serves, present participle serving, simple past and past participle served)

serves (present singular third-person)
serving (participle present)
served (participle past)
served (past)

desc

→ Thai: เสิร์ฟ (sə̀əp)

→ Thai: เสิร์ฟ (sə̀əp)

From Middle English serven, from Old French servir, from Latin serviō (“be a slave; serve”), from Latin servus (“slave; servant”), which perhaps derives from Etruscan (compare Etruscan proper names 𐌔𐌄𐌓𐌅𐌉 (servi), 𐌔𐌄𐌓𐌅𐌄 (serve)), or from Proto-Indo-European *ser- (“watch over, protect”).

Once I began selling crack, money was no issue. I would be out 2-3 days at a time, up for 24 hours a day. It was a full time job, serving crack fiends.

2006, Stacey Green, Inside...the Mind of a Man!, page 18:

Tim told her that she could make a little money on the side by serving crack-cocaine.

They'd serve cocaine, and you'd sit there, and base this cocaine. And you'd have an ounce gone in 24 hours.

2012, Diana Prince, Secret Lives: Real Lives in the World’S Oldest Profession:

When crews like the Supreme Team saw the effect of the powerful new drug on users, they streamlined their own operation to serve crack only.

2013, Seth Ferranti, The Supreme Team: The Birth of Crack and Hip-Hop, Prince’s Reign of Terror and the Supreme/50 Cent Beef Exposed:

(transitive, intransitive, slang, drugs) To provide crack cocaine (to), usually by selling, dealing, or distributing.


shabby

en-adj

shabby (comparative shabbier, superlative shabbiest)

shabbier (comparative)
shabbiest (superlative)

The adjective is derived from shab (“(obsolete except UK, dialectal) scaly skin disease; skin disease of sheep; crust forming over wound, scab”) + -y (suffix meaning ‘having the quality of’ forming adjectives).
The verb is derived from the adjective.
Cognates
* Dutch schabbig (“poor, needy, shabby”)
* Middle High German schebic (modern German schäbig (“shabby”))
* Middle Low German schabbich (“miserable”) (modern Low German schabbig, schäbbig)
* Scots shabby (“in poor health, ill”)
* Swedish sjabbig (“shabby, mangy, scruffy”), skabbig (“scabby”)

hääppöinen

poor in quality; showing little effort or talent

(often in the negative) Poor in quality; also, showing little effort or talent.

(medicine, archaic) Of the pulse: thready, weak.

(UK, dialectal, veterinary medicine) Chiefly of sheep: affected by shab or scab (“a skin disease”); scabby.


slam

en-verb

slam (third-person singular simple present slams, present participle slamming, simple past and past participle slammed)

slams (present singular third-person)
slamming (participle present)
slammed (participle past)
slammed (past)

From Middle English *slammen (not recorded), apparently from a Scandinavian source ultimately from Old Norse slæma, slœma (“to slam, swing a weapon, strike an object out of reach”), related to Old Norse slamra, slambra (“to slam”). Cognate with Norwegian Bokmål slamre (“to slam”), Swedish slamra (“to pound, beat, make a clatter, rattle”), Norwegian Nynorsk slamra (“to sway, dangle”).

правя капо

card games: to defeat by winning all the tricks

I mentioned earlier how many people will draw lines in the sand that they'll never cross: some won't try Tina, others will never slam.

2017, James Wharton, Something for the Weekend, Biteback Publishing, →ISBN:

(transitive, intransitive, drugs, slang) To inject intravenously; shoot up.


slice

From Middle English sclise, sklise, from Old French esclice, esclis (“a piece split off”), deverbal of esclicer, esclicier (“to splinter, split up”), from Frankish *slitjan (“to split up”), from Proto-Germanic *slitjaną, from Proto-Germanic *slītaną (“to split, tear apart”), from Proto-Indo-European *sleyd- (“to rend, injure, crumble”). Akin to Old High German sliz, gisliz (“a tear, rip”), Old High German slīzan (“to tear”), Old English slītan (“to split up”), modern French éclisse. More at slite, slit.

der

(medicine) A section of image taken of an internal organ using MRI (magnetic resonance imaging), CT (computed tomography), or various forms of x-ray.

sección

a section of image taken of an internal organ


splay

en-verb

splay (third-person singular simple present splays, present participle splaying, simple past and past participle splayed)

splays (present singular third-person)
splaying (participle present)
splayed (participle past)
splayed (past)

PIE word
 *dwís
The verb is derived from Middle English splaien, splayen (“to display; to spread out, unfurl (a flag, etc.); (cooking) to cut open (a fish) lengthwise and lay it open; (figurative) to appear; to spread”), an aphetic form of Middle English displaien, displayen (“to display”): see display.
The adjective and adverb are derived from the verb, or from splayfoot (noun) or splayfooted (adjective). The noun is derived from the verb.

(pathology) To dislocate (a body part such as a shoulder bone).


splice

Circa 1525, borrowed from Middle Dutch splissen (Modern Dutch splitsen); akin to Middle Dutch splitten (“to split”), German spleißen (“to split, splice”), Spliss (“split ends, hair breakage”), French épisser (also from Dutch). The Dutch word originally referred only to the fraying of the ropes' ends but was then also used for the entire process of fraying and retying; hence the peculiar semantic development from “split” to “join”. The same development occurred in German.

(genetics) The process of removing intron sequences from the pre-messenger RNA, and then joining together exons.


splice

splice (third-person singular simple present splices, present participle splicing, simple past and past participle spliced)

splices (present singular third-person)
splicing (participle present)
spliced (participle past)
spliced (past)

(genetics) To remove intron sequences from the pre-messenger RNA, and then join together exons.


stagger

From Middle English stageren, stakeren, from Old Norse stakra (“to push, stagger”). Cognate with dialectal Danish stagre.

parasitic staggers

apoplectic or sleepy staggers

(veterinary medicine) A disease of horses and other animals, attended by reeling, unsteady gait or sudden falling.


stent

stent (third-person singular simple present stents, present participle stenting, simple past and past participle stented)

stents (present singular third-person)
stenting (participle present)
stented (participle past)
stented (past)

Unclear. Possibly named after dentist Charles Stent. The English surname is a variant of Stein.

(medicine) To insert a stent or tube into a blood vessel.


stillbirth

Each year, approximately a million pregnancies in the United States end in miscarriage, stillbirth, or the death of the newborn child.

(medicine) The birth of a dead fetus after 20 weeks of gestation.


sty

From Middle English styanye, mistaken as "sty on eye" yet composed of Old English stīġend (“sty”, literally “riser”), agent noun from stīgan (“to rise”) + Middle English yë (“eye”).

der

(pathology) An inflammation of the eyelid.


sunflower

From sun + flower. Compare English sunbloom.


moderate

en-adj

moderate (comparative more moderate, superlative most moderate)

more moderate (comparative)
most moderate (superlative)

From Middle English moderat, from Latin moderātus, perfect active participle of moderor (“regulate, restrain, moderate”), from moder-, modes-, a stem appearing also in modestus (“moderate, discreet, modest”), from modus (“measure”); see mode and modest. Doublet of moderato. Displaced native Old English ġemetlīċ (“moderate”) and metegian (“to moderate”).

(pathology) more than mild, less than severe


recombination

(genetics) The formation of genetic combinations in offspring that are not present in the parents.


tent

From Middle English tente (“a probe”), from Middle French tente, deverbal of tenter, from Latin tentāre (“to probe, test”), alteration of temptāre (“to test, probe, tempt”).

(medicine) A roll of lint or linen, or a conical or cylindrical piece of sponge or other absorbent, used chiefly to dilate a natural canal, to keep open the orifice of a wound, or to absorb discharges.

(medicine) A probe for searching a wound.


tent

en-verb

tent (third-person singular simple present tents, present participle tenting, simple past and past participle tented)

tents (present singular third-person)
tenting (participle present)
tented (participle past)
tented (past)

to tent a wound

I'll tent him to the quick.

c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene ii]:

(medicine, sometimes figurative) To probe or to search with a tent; to keep open with a tent.


transcript

[ˈtʃɹʷænskɹʷɪp̚t]

From Latin transcriptum, from transcribere.

Some transcripts were exclusively expressed in specific organs, such as female protarsus, whereas others were universally expressed, this varied expression profile may provide insights into the specific functions mediated by chemoreception proteins in insects.

2015 December 12, “Identification and Comparative Expression Profiles of Chemoreception Genes Revealed from Major Chemoreception Organs of the Rice Leaf Folder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(genetics) A molecule of RNA produced by transcription.


trapeze

From French trapèze, from Latin trapezium. Doublet of trapezium.

[…] the distance between the top of the flexor retinaculum and an imaginary line drawn between the trapeze and the hamate.

2013, World Health Organization, Manual of Diagnostic Ultrasound, volume 2, page 463:


treacle

en-noun

treacle (countable and uncountable, plural treacles)

From Middle English triacle, partly from Old French triacle, and partly from Old English tiriaca, both from Late Latin *triaca, *tiriaca, late form of theriaca, ultimately from Ancient Greek θηριακή (thēriakḗ, “antidote”), feminine form of θηριακός (thēriakós, “concerning venomous beasts”), from θήρ (thḗr, “beast”). Doublet of theriacle, equivalent to theriac + -le.

der

(historical, pharmacology) Synonym of theriac: an antidote for poison, especially snakebite; a supposedly universal antidote.

(obsolete, figurative, by extension) Synonym of cure: an all-powerful curative for some particular affliction.

cure

(obsolete, figurative, by extension) Synonym of cure-all: a panacea for all human ailments.

CHEWING-BALLS, a kind of balls made of aſafœtida, liver of antimony, bay-wood, juniper-wood, and pellitory of Spain; which being dried in the ſun, and wrapped in a linen-cloth, are tied to the bit of the bridle for the horſe to chew: they create an appetite; and it is ſaid, that balls of Venice treacle may be uſed in the ſame manner with good ſucceſs.

1771, Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1st ed., volume II, page 183:


uncanny

From un- + canny; thus “beyond one's ken,” or outside one's familiar knowledge or perceptions. Compare Middle English unkanne (“unknown”). In the noun sense a translation of Sigmund Freud's usage of German unheimlich (Das Unheimliche, 1919).

This uncontrollable possibility—the possibility of a certain loss of control—can, perhaps, explain why the uncanny remains a marginal notion even within psychoanalysis itself.

1982, Samuel Weber, The Legend of Freud, page 20:

As is well known, Freud introduced the concept of the uncanny into psychoanalysis in 1919 and used The Sandman as a prime illustration for his definition.

1994, Sonu Shamdasani, Michael Münchow, Speculations after Freud, page 186:

In the preceding chapter, we saw that Freud linked the maternal body, death, and the afterlife with the uncanny in his famous essay "The Uncanny" ("Das Unheimliche").

2001, Diane Jonte-Pace, Speaking the Unspeakable, page 81:

The uncanny involves feelings of uncertainty, in particular regarding the reality of who one is and what is being experienced.

2003, Nicholas Royle, The Uncanny, page 1:

Freud argued that the uncanny was particularly associated with feelings of horror aroused by the figure of the paternal castrator, neglecting the tropes of woman and animal as a source of the uncanny.

2005, Barbara Creed, Phallic Panic, page vii:

[The uncanny is] something that was long familiar to the psyche and was estranged from it only through being repressed. The link with repression now illuminates Schelling′s definition of the uncanny as ‘something that should have remained hidden and has come into the open.’ (Freud: 2003, 147 f)

2011, Espen Dahl, Hans-Gunter Heimbrock, In Between: The Holy Beyond Modern Dichotomies, page 99:

Because the uncanny affects and haunts everything, it is in constant transformation and cannot be pinned down.

2011, Anneleen Masschelein, The Unconcept: The Freudian Uncanny in Late-Twentieth-Century Theory, page 2:

(psychology, psychoanalysis, Freud) Something that is simultaneously familiar and strange, typically leading to feelings of discomfort.

inquiétante étrangeté

something that is simultaneously familiar and strange


urgency

en-noun

urgency (countable and uncountable, plural urgencies)

urinary tract infection
urinary tract infection

(medicine) A sudden and compelling need to urinate that is difficult to defer, associated with conditions such as urinary tract infections and overactive bladder.


amnesia

amnesia (countable and uncountable, plural amnesias or amnesiæ)

From modified Latin amnesia, from Ancient Greek ἀμνησία (amnēsía, “forgetfulness”), a noun derivation from μιμνήσκω (mimnḗskō, “to remind, to remember”) prefixed with the alpha privative.

der

I lay around my Barnard dorm room listening to Nina Simone records and reading his first novel, “Forgetting Elena,” which takes place in a highly mythopoeticized version of Fire Island and nominally concerns a man with amnesia.

2009 October 4, Stacey D’Erasmo, “Glory Days”, in The New York Times:

(pathology) Loss of memory; forgetfulness.


transplant

en-verb

transplant (third-person singular simple present transplants, present participle transplanting, simple past and past participle transplanted)

transplants (present singular third-person)
transplanting (participle present)
transplanted (participle past)
transplanted (past)

From Middle English transplaunten, from Old French transplanter, from Late Latin transplantare, equivalent to trans- + plant.

(transitive, medicine) To transfer (tissue or an organ) from one body to another, or from one part of a body to another.


transplant

(medicine) An operation (procedure) in which tissue or an organ is transplanted: an instance of transplantation.

(medicine) A transplanted organ or tissue: a graft.


prone

prone (third-person singular simple present prones, present participle proning, simple past and past participle proned)

prones (present singular third-person)
proning (participle present)
proned (participle past)
proned (past)

From Middle English prone, proone, proon, from Latin prōnus (“turned forward, bent or inclined”), from prō (“forward”).

der

(medicine) To place in a prone position, to place face down.


cis

From Latin cis (“on this side (of), on the near or same side”). Doublet of he, it, here, hither, and hence.

doublet

endoplasmic reticulum
endoplasmic reticulum

(cytology) Of the side of the Golgi apparatus nearer to the endoplasmic reticulum.


disposition

en-noun

disposition (countable and uncountable, plural dispositions)

From Middle English disposicioun, from Middle French disposition, from Latin dispositiōnem, accusative singular of dispositiō, from dispōnō. By surface analysis, dispose + -ition. Doublet of dispositio.

The patient was given a disposition for outpatient care, as ward admission was not indicated.

The way in which something or someone is disposed or disposed of (in any sense of those terms); thus:

Control over something, or the results produced by the exercise of such control; thus:

(medicine) The destination of a patient after medical treatment, especially after emergency triage, first line treatment, or surgery; the choice made for the next venue of care.


articulate

en-verb

articulate (third-person singular simple present articulates, present participle articulating, simple past and past participle articulated)

articulates (present singular third-person)
articulating (participle present)
articulated (participle past)
articulated (past)

From the adjective, see the etymology at -ate (verb-forming suffix).

The lower jaw articulates with the skull at the temporomandibular joint.

(anatomy, intransitive) to form a joint or connect by joints


formication

en-noun

formication (countable and uncountable, plural formications)

Circa 1700, from Latin formīca (“ant”) + -tion.

Soon the formications and muscular debility returned, not alone, but accompanied with painful cramps and startlings in the feet and calves of the legs.

(medicine) An abnormal skin sensation similar to that of insects crawling over or within the skin; a tactile hallucination involving such a sensation. A common side-effect of substance abuse, it can also be experienced with high fever, menopause, skin cancer, diabetic neuropathy, or herpes zoster.


paddle

paddle (countable and uncountable, plural paddles)

→ Danish: paddel, padle

Partly from the verb paddle ("to splash, dabble"; see below) and partly from Middle English padell (“small spade”).
Middle English padell is from Medieval Latin padela, itself of uncertain origin: perhaps an alteration of Middle English *spaddle (see also spaddle), a diminutive of spade; or from Latin patella (“pan, plate”), the diminutive of patina, or a merger of the two. Compare Ancient Greek πηδάλιον (pēdálion, “rudder, steering oar”), derived from πηδός (pēdós, “the blade of an oar; an oar”).

cog

A large ( 13 x 25 cm ) paddle of skin was used to cover a large wound following a temporal bone resection.

2009, Berish Strauch, Luis O. Vasconez, M.d., Elizabeth J. Hall-Findlay, Grabb's Encyclopedia of Flaps - Volume 1, page 373:

About 10% of perforators to the skin paddle of the flap are septocutaneous blood vessels that travel though the intermuscular septum that separates the rectus femoris muscle from the vastus lateralis muscle.

2012, Mark L. Urken, Mack L. Cheney, Keith E. Blackwell, Atlas of Regional and Free Flaps for Head and Neck Reconstruction, page 235:

(medicine) A flap of attached skin that has been cut away from a wound.


chills

(medicine) A feeling of being cold, a symptom of many conditions.


gluteus maximus

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-gluteus maximus.wav

To power our forward motion, we have a distinctly gigantic muscle in our buttocks, the gluteus maximus.

2019, Bill Bryson, The Body: A Guide for Occupants, Black Swan (2020), page 205:

(anatomy) The largest of the muscles of each buttock.

臀大肌

the largest of the muscles of each buttock


auricular

/ɔːˈɹɪk.jʊl.ə/

Late Middle English, borrowed from Late Latin auriculāris, from auricula (“the external ear; the ear”) + -āris (“-ar”, adjectival suffix); equivalent to auricle + -ar. Doublet of auricularis.
The finger is so called because it can be readily introduced into the ear passage.

af

The auricular nerves were damaged.

(relational) Of or pertaining to the ear.

(anatomy, relational) Of or pertaining to the sense of hearing.

слухавы́

of or pertaining to the sense of hearing

(anatomy, relational) Pertaining to the auricles of the heart.


leech-finger

From Middle English leche fingir, læchefinger, from Old English lǣċefinger (“fourth finger, leech-finger”), equivalent to leech (“physician”) + finger. Compare Old Norse lǽknisfingr (“leech-finger”), Icelandic læknisfingur. According to medieval belief, a nerve or artery ran from this digit to the heart. It gave the finger a prominent role in medical lore and practice. Doctors would use it when applying treatments, for example.

inh

Sing three Our Fathers on your leechfinger, and write around the sore.

1973, Godfried Storms, Anglo-Saxon magic:

The Leech finger has Coll on it, the sage Hazel, who is the master physician, and is surmounted by Saille, the Willow of enchantment.

2005, Kisma Reidling, Faery Initiations:

Similarly, the other wound item above it, for an unknown swelling (uncufrum swyle) involves singing the Pater Noster thrice over 'your leechfinger' (ðine læcefinger, the middle finger) and writing the Latin formula around the sore as well as speaking it.

2006, Catherine E. Karkov, Sarah Larratt Keefer, Karen Louise Jolly, The Place of the Cross in Anglo-Saxon England:

For some, simply to stroke the ring finger over a wound was enough to heal it and it eventually became known as the healing finger or the leech finger. In parts of Europe it is still used today as the only finger suitable for scratching the skin.

This same document tells us that this same finger was once called the "physician finger," from the Latin digitits medicus, and that it was also called the "leech finger," since doctors were known as "leeches" before they were called "physicians.

2007, Charles Hodgson, Carnal Knowledge:

The fourth finger has a strange anatomical property that gives it both its ancient and modern names: the leech finger and the ring finger.

(anatomy, obsolete) The finger next to the little finger; ring-finger.


origin

/ˈɒɹ.ɪ.d͡ʒɪn/

/ˈɒɹ.ə.d͡ʒən/

/ˈɔɹ.ɪ.d͡ʒɪn/

/ˈɑɹ.ɪ.d͡ʒɪn/

From Middle English origine, origyne, from Old French origine, orine, ourine, from Latin origo (“beginning, source, birth, origin”), from orior (“to rise”); see orient. Doublet of origo.

der

language analysis for the determination of origin

(anatomy) The proximal end of attachment of a muscle to a bone that will not be moved by the action of that muscle.


ulna

From Latin ulna (“elbow”). Doublet of ell.

(anatomy) The bone of the forearm that extends from the elbow to the wrist on the side opposite to the thumb, corresponding to the fibula of the hind limb. Also, the corresponding bone in the forelimb of any vertebrate.


conjunctivitis

en-noun

conjunctivitis (countable and uncountable, plural conjunctivitides or conjunctivitises or conjunctivites)

conjunctivitides (plural)
conjunctivitises (plural)
conjunctivites (plural)

(pathology) An inflammation of the conjunctiva, often due to infection.


desmoid

en-adj

desmoid (comparative more desmoid, superlative most desmoid)

more desmoid (comparative)
most desmoid (superlative)

From Ancient Greek δεσμός (desmós, “chain, bundle”) + -oid.

der

(pathology) Fibrous; having closely interwoven fibres in bundles.

(medicine) Resembling, or having the characteristics of, a ligament or fibre; ligamentous, fibrous.


acondylous

From ἀ- (a-, “not”) + κόνδυλος (kóndulos, “joint”).


aconite

en-noun

aconite (countable and uncountable, plural aconites)

→ Irish: acainít

From French aconit, from Latin aconītum, from Ancient Greek ἀκόνιτον (akóniton).

Aconitum napellus
Aconitum napellus#Translingual

(toxicology) An extract or tincture obtained from Aconitum napellus, used as a poison and medicinally.


coprophilia

coprophilia (countable and uncountable, plural coprophilias)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-coprophilia.wav

(psychiatry) A marked interest in excrement; especially the paraphilia involving sexual arousal and pleasure from feces and defecation.

嗜糞癥 /嗜粪症

marked interest in excrement; the use of feces for sexual excitement


aerophobia

The patient was diagnosed after displaying both aerophobia and acute hydrophobia.

Furious rabies, the more common presentation, involves the brainstem, the limbic system,, the hypothalamus, and the autonomic center. It is characterized by hydrophobia, aerophobia, and episodic generalized arousal interrupted by periods of lucidity.

2011 September 22, Daniel D. Truong, Robert P. Lisak, Roongroj Bhidayasiri, William Carroll, International Neurology, →ISBN, page 321:

(medicine) A pathological aversion or sensitivity to air or the movement of air, especially as a symptom of rabies.


anomia

anomia (countable and uncountable, plural anomias)

(neurology) The inability to remember names.

anòmia

neurology: the inability to remember names

(neurology) The difficulty in finding the right word.

anòmia

neurology: the difficulty in finding the right word


clip

en-verb

clip (third-person singular simple present clips, present participle clipping, simple past and past participle clipt or clipped)

clips (present singular third-person)
clipping (participle present)
clipt (participle past)
clipt (past)
clipped (participle past)
clipped (past)

From Middle English clippen, from Old Norse klippa (“to clip, cut the hair, shear sheep”). Cognate with Icelandic klippa (“to clip”), Swedish klippa (“to clip”), Danish klippe (“to clip”), Norwegian Bokmål klippe (“to clip”).

der

(surgery, transitive) To treat (an aneurysm) by closing it off with a physical clip.


ODT

Controlled release (CR), modified release (MR), orally disintegrating tablets (ODT), and other innovative dosage forms are still of interest to both pharmaceutical producers and suppliers.

2014 April, Ken Seufert, “The New Dawn of Pharmaceutical Manufacturing: Innovative Solutions for Unprecedented Challenges”, in American Pharmaceutical Review, 17(3):8:

orally disintegrating tablet
orally disintegrating tablet#English

(pharmacology, medicine) Initialism of orally disintegrating tablet.


pussy

en-adj

pussy (comparative pussier, superlative pussiest)

pussier (comparative)
pussiest (superlative)


black lung

Thousands of miners have given their lives and their health. They've got black lung, they can't work. The Pittston company is trying to cut off their health benefits by various means. That's what the strike is about.

1989 December 3, Pam Mitchell, Ronnie Gilbert, “Carrying On The Honorable Tradition Of 'Protest Music'”, in Gay Community News, volume 17, number 21, page 9:

(pathology) A chronic disease of the lungs caused by the long-term inhalation of coal dust.


TDS

testicular dysgenesis syndrome
testicular dysgenesis syndrome#English

(medicine) Initialism of testicular dysgenesis syndrome.


TDS

(medicine) to be taken three times daily


hyaline

en-noun

hyaline (countable and uncountable, plural hyalines)

From Latin hyalinus, from Koine Greek ὑάλινος (huálinos), from ὕαλος (húalos, “glass”).

(zoology, anatomy) A clear translucent substance in tissues.


inertia

inertia (countable and uncountable, plural inertias or inertiae or inertiæ)

inertias (plural)
inertiae (plural)
inertiæ (plural)

From Latin inertia (“lack of art or skill, inactivity, indolence”), from iners (“unskilled, inactive”), from in- (“without, not”) + ars (“skill, art”). The modern physics sense was first used in New Latin by Johannes Kepler.

bor

(medicine) Lack of activity; sluggishness; said especially of the uterus, when, in labour, its contractions have nearly or wholly ceased.


DMV

(anatomy) Initialism of dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus.


zygapophysis

/ˌzaɪɡəˈpɒfɪsɪs/

Ancient Greek ζυγόν (zugón, “yoke”) + apophysis.

(anatomy) One of the articular processes of a vertebra, of which there are usually four, two superior and two inferior.


TLC

en-noun

TLC (countable and uncountable, plural TLCs)

(hematology) Initialism of total leukocyte count.


amygdala

amygdala (plural amygdalas or amygdalae)

Because of its shape, from Latin amygdala (“almond”), from Ancient Greek ἀμυγδάλη (amugdálē, “almond”). Doublet of almond, amygdale, and mandorla.

doublet

Cognitive scientists distinguish between normal risk-assessment decisions, which activate the reward-prediction regions of the brain, and decisions made amid extreme uncertainty, which generate activity in the amygdala.

2009 February 12, David Brooks, “The Worst-Case Scenario”, in New York Times:

medial temporal lobe
medial temporal lobe

(neuroanatomy) Each one of the two regions of the brain, located as a pair in the medial temporal lobe, believed to play a key role in processing emotions, such as fear and pleasure, in both animals and humans.


candida

Borrowed from translingual Candida, from Latin candida.

"What we're finding," says Marshall, "is that if we lean only on candida and don't treat other molds affecting the system, we fail.

1988 January 22, Robert McClory, “The Yeast of Our Problems”, in Chicago Reader:

Candida albicans
Candida albicans#Translingual

(medicine, informal) A yeast of the genus Candida, usually specifically Candida albicans


pathogenic

en-adj

pathogenic (comparative more pathogenic, superlative most pathogenic)

more pathogenic (comparative)
most pathogenic (superlative)

While the environment is teeming with bacteria and fungi, most are not pathogenic.

(pathology) Able to cause (harmful) disease.


quantum

en-noun

quantum (countable and uncountable, plural quantums or quanta)

[ˈkʰwɑ̃ntʰə̃m]

[ˈkʰwɑ̃ɾ̃ə̃m]

From Late Latin quantum, noun use of neuter form of Latin quantus (“how much”).

(medicine) The minimum dose of a pathogen required to cause an infection.


priapism

priapism (countable and uncountable, plural priapisms)

From Latin priapismus, from Priapus (“the god of procreation, the penis”) + -ism, from Ancient Greek πριαπισμός (priapismós).

(pathology) A potentially painful or harmful medical condition in which the erect penis does not return to its flaccid state (despite the absence of both physical and psychological stimulation), often as a result of a spinal injury.


enervate

en-verb

enervate (third-person singular simple present enervates, present participle enervating, simple past and past participle enervated)

enervates (present singular third-person)
enervating (participle present)
enervated (participle past)
enervated (past)

bolster

antonym(s) of “reduce morally, mentally”

From Latin ēnervātus, past participle of ēnervō (“to weaken”).

(medicine, uncommon) To partially or completely remove a nerve.


idiosyncrasy

/ˌɪdɪəʊˈsɪŋkɹəsi/

/ˌɪdɪəˈsɪŋkɹəsi/

/ˌɪdiəˈsɪŋkɹəsi/

First attested in 1604, in modern sense since 1665, from Ancient Greek ἰδιοσυγκρασία (idiosunkrasía, “one’s own temperament”), from ἴδιος (ídios, “one’s own”) + σύν (sún, “together”) + κρᾶσις (krâsis, “temperament”). Analyzable as idio- + syn- + -crasy.

bor

ἰδιοσυγκρασία

(medicine) A peculiar individual reaction to a generally innocuous substance or factor.

idiosincràsia

(medicine) individual reaction to a generally innocuous substance


BNP

brain natriuretic peptide
brain natriuretic peptide#English

(endocrinology) Initialism of brain natriuretic peptide.


GC

en-noun

GC (countable and uncountable, plural GCs)

(anatomy) Initialism of germinal center.

(genetics, molecular biology) Initialism of guanine-cytosine.

An appointment with a clinician at which the patient or partner(s) can receive testing and care for all STDs and HIV is the preferred management strategy for CT [chlamydia] and GC treatment.

2012, California Department of Public Health Sexually Transmitted Diseases Control Branch, California STD Controllers Association, “Executive Summary”, in Guidelines for the Treatment of Chlamydia and Gonorrhea Cases and Exposed Sexual Partners by Health Department Staff in Non-Clinical Settings, page 3:

(medicine) Abbreviation of gonococcus; gonorrhea.


ranula

Late Middle English, coined by French physician and surgeon Guy de Chauliac: borrowed from Latin rānula (“a little frog, a tadpole; a little swelling on the tongue of cattle”).

der

(pathology) A tumor or swelling located in the floor of the mouth under the tongue; specifically a bluish, domed mucocele which is associated with an obstruction of the sublingual salivary gland.


blues

en-noun

blues (countable and uncountable, plural blues)

→ Catalan: blues

→ Danish: blues

→ Finnish: blues

→ French: blues

→ Hungarian: blues

→ Icelandic: blús

→ Italian: blues

→ Portuguese: blues

→ Spanish: blues

→ Swedish: blues

(drugs, slang) Any of various blue pills sold on the street, mimicking the appearance of prescription pain killer tablets.


adducent

en-adj

adducent (comparative more adducent, superlative most adducent)

more adducent (comparative)
most adducent (superlative)

From Latin adducens, present participle of adducere.

(physiology) Related to the muscles of the body which pull one part towards another.

adduktanta

(of muscles) which pull one part towards another


adenalgia

(obsolete, rare, pathology) Pain in a gland.


adenography

(anatomy, archaic) The division of anatomy describing the glands


adenoid

/ˈæd.əˌnɔɪd/

Late 19th century borrowing from French adénoïde, from New Latin adenoīdēs, from Ancient Greek ᾰ̓δενοειδής (ădenoeidḗs, “glandular”), from ᾰ̓δήν (ădḗn, “gland”) + -ο- (-o-) + -ειδής (-eidḗs, “-oid, -like”); equivalent to aden- + -oid. The noun is derived from ellipsis of tumeur adénoïde (“glandular tumor”).

ellipsis

Of or relating to lymphatic glands or lymphoid tissue.

(medicine, relational)
Of or pertaining to the adenoids.

Relating to, affected with, or associated with abnormally enlarged adenoids.


adenoid

/ˈæd.əˌnɔɪd/

(medicine) an abnormally enlarged mass of lymphatic tissue at the back of the pharynx, often obstructing the nasal and ear passages and hindering speaking and breathing in young children.

(anatomy, usually in the plural) Such a mass when not abnormally enlarged, covered by ciliated epithelium and located in the roof and posterior wall of the nasopharynx at the back of the throat behind the uvula.


cookie

→ Arabic: كُوكِي (kuki)

→ Cantonese: 曲奇 (kuk¹ kei⁴)

→ Mandarin: 曲奇 (qūqí)

→ Catalan: cookie

→ Cebuano: kokis

→ French: cookie

→ Georgian: ქუქი (kuki)

→ German: Cookie

→ Gujarati: કૂકી (kūkī)

→ Hindi: कुकी (kukī)

→ Italian: cookie

→ Japanese: クッキー (kukkī)

→ Kannada: ಕುಕಿ (kuki)

→ Korean: 쿠키 (kuki)

→ Malay: kuki

→ Polish: cookie

→ Portuguese: cookie

→ Russian: куки (kuki)

→ Spanish: cookie

→ Swedish: cookie

→ Tagalog: kuki

→ Telugu: కుకీ (kukī)

→ Thai: คุกกี้ (kúk-gîi)

Borrowed from Dutch koekie, dialectal diminutive of koek (“cake”), from Proto-Germanic *kōkô (compare German Low German Kookje (“biscuit, cookie, cracker”), Low German Kook (“cake”), German Kuchen (“cake”)). More at cake. Not related to English cook.
The computing senses derive from magic cookie.

koekie

small, flat baked good — see also biscuit

(slang, drugs) A piece of crack cocaine, larger than a rock, and often in the shape of a cookie.


hyperkeratosis

(pathology) Excess keratin formation on the skin surface, as can be seen in a number of dermatologic conditions.

角化過度 /角化过度

excess keratin formation on the skin surface


parakeratosis

(pathology) Retention of nuclei in the stratum corneum layer of skin.

角化不全

retention of nuclei in the stratum corneum layer of skin


acanthosis

From acanth- + -osis (“diseased condition”).

The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles

Oxford University Press
w:Oxford University Press

(pathology) A benign abnormal thickening of the stratum spinosum, or prickle cell, layer of the epidermis.


spongiosis

(pathology) Intercellular edema of the epidermis.


Addison's disease

Named from Thomas Addison (1793-1860), M. D., of London, who first described it.

Nearly thirty years before the date of Addison's discovery, his eminent colleague, Dr. Bright, had observed and recorded, in his celebrated 'Reports of Medical Cases,' a case of Addison's disease.

1875, Edward Headlam Greenhow, Addison's Disease, Lindsay and Blackston, page 6:

(pathology) A disorder in which the adrenal glands fail to produce a sufficient quantity of steroids, causing hypocortisolemia and a resultant brownish discoloration of the skin.


adenose

Another pathologic entity which may present a growth toward the inside of the galactophorous duct is the adenose growth associated with chronic cystic mastopathia. It represents a type of epithelial intracanalicular hyperplasia that may occur in a woman from 30 to 40 years of age.

1950 November, José Medina, João Sampaio Góes, “Intracanalicular Tumors of the Mammary Gland: Clinical Diagnosis and Histopathologic Picture”, in The Journal of the International College of Surgeons, volume 14, number 5, page 507:

As the papilloma ages, there is an increase in stromal fibroses and clods of calcium deposit as well as scleroses with adenose epithelial patterns at the stalk. These formations give the false impression of invasive carcinoma (pseudoinfiltration).

1991, Volker Barth, Atlas of Breast Disease, page 78:

The U.S. studies ignored the different kinds of cell types in lung cancer (epidermoid, adenose, and small cell and large cell) that would be associated with secondhand smoke if it causes cancer.

1998, Ronald T. Libby, Eco-wars: political campaigns and social movements, page 145:


adenotomy

(anatomy, surgery) Dissection of, or incision into, a gland or glands.


adenous

en-adj

adenous (comparative more adenous, superlative most adenous)

more adenous (comparative)
most adenous (superlative)

(medicine) Like a gland; full of glands.


adeps

Unadapted borrowing from Latin adeps (“fat, lard”).


appendicitis

en-noun

appendicitis (countable and uncountable, plural appendicitises or appendicitides or appendicites)

appendicitises (plural)
appendicitides (plural)
appendicites (plural)

(pathology) inflammation of the vermiform appendix


representation

rates of representation to the emergency department

(medicine) An act of representing, i.e. presenting again.


supercilium

Borrowed from Latin supercilium (“eyebrow; brow, ridge; pride, arrogance”).

bor

(anatomy, rare) The eyebrow (arch of hair above each eye).

(anatomy) The overhanging margin of a bony cavity (as of the acetabulum).

(zoology) A superciliary marking or structure, especially in a bird.


paresthesis

en-noun

paresthesis (usually uncountable, plural parestheses)

/pəˈɹiːsθɪsɪs/

From Ancient Greek παραίσθησις (paraísthēsis, “misperception”). By surface analysis, para- + -esthesis.


adjuvant

From Latin adiuvāns, present participle of adiuvāre (“to help”), from ad (“to”) + iuvāre (“to help”).

Adjuvant chemotherapy, Carbone conjectured, could be the surgeon's little helper.

2010, Siddhartha Mukherjee, The Emperor of all Maladies, Fourth Estate, published 2011, page 219:

(medicine) Designating a supplementary form of treatment, especially a cancer therapy administered after removal of a primary tumor. [from 19th c.]


adjuvant

(medicine) Something that enhances the effectiveness of a medical treatment; a supplementary treatment. [from 18th c.]

adjuvantti

medicine: something that enhances the effectiveness of a medical treatment

(pharmacology) An additive (as in a drug) that aids or modifies the action of the principal ingredient. [from 19th c.]

adjuvans

pharmacology: additive that aids or modifies the action of the principal ingredient

The well-known tropic action of immune serum as an adjuvant to phagocytosis suggested early in our studies that we might here be dealing with a similar phenomenon.

Gay, Frederick P., Claypole, Edit J. (1914) “Specific Hyperleukocytosis: Studies In Typhoid Immunization”, in Archives of Internal Medicine, volume XIV, number 5, →DOI, →ISSN, retrieved 2020-04-16, pages 662–670

(immunology) A substance enhancing the immune response to an antigen. [from 20th c.]

adjuvans

immunology: substance enhancing the immune response


recognize

en-verb

recognize (third-person singular simple present recognizes, present participle recognizing, simple past and past participle recognized)

tlb

(American spelling, Oxford British English)

recognizes (present singular third-person)
recognizing (participle present)
recognized (participle past)
recognized (past)

Borrowed from Middle French reconoistre, from Old French reconoistre, from Latin recognoscere, first attested in the 16th century. Displaced native English acknow (“to recognize, perceive as”), compare German erkennen and Swedish erkänna. Latin had rare recognizare (“to try by jury”).

cog

/ˈɹekəɡnɑɪz/

(immunology) To have the property to bind to specific antigens.


theism

Borrowing from New Latin thea (“tea”, noun) + English -ism.

Coordinate term: caffeinism

"Theism" belongs to that genus of disease in which morphinism, caffeinism, and vanillaism belong.

1888, John C. Cutter, “Narcotics, stimulants, and depressants”, in Comprehensive anatomy, physiology, and hygiene : adapted for schools, academies, colleges, and families : with instruction on the effects of stimulants and narcotics, and brief directions for illustrative dissections of mammals, for elementary work with the microscope, for physiological demonstrations on the human body, and for the management of emergent cases, 3rd edition, Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott, →OCLC, page 350:

A single cup of tea may cause excitement and insomnia, while a stronger dose rarely fails to produce acute "theism," characterized by excitement, hyperaesthesia, palpitation, sweats, and frequent micturition; it may occasionally simulate delirium tremens, […]

1906 September 15, “Our breakfast beverages”, in The British Medical Journal, volume 2, London: British Medical Association, →ISSN, page 653:

A morbid condition resulting from excessive consumption of tea.


emetic

en-adj

emetic (comparative more emetic, superlative most emetic)

more emetic (comparative)
most emetic (superlative)

From French émétique, from Vulgar Latin *emeticus, from Ancient Greek ἐμετικός (emetikós), from ἔμετος (émetos, “vomit”); by surface analysis, em(esis) + -etic.

(pharmacology) Causing nausea and vomiting.


emetic

As Jan McTavish notes, when the physician diagnosed the headache's origins in the digestive system, particularly constipation, the antidote might entail cathartics (substances that accelerate defecation) or emetics (inducers of vomiting) and other regulators of the digestive process.

2022, Seth Garfield, Guaraná […] , Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, →ISBN:

(pharmacology) An agent that induces vomiting.


cathartic

Learned borrowing from New Latin catharticus, from Ancient Greek καθαρτικός (kathartikós).

lbor

The disease was regarded as pneumonia so far advanced that suppuration seemed to have supervened; bleeding, blisters, expectorants, and cathartics diminished the symptoms; the pulse continued frequent, hard, full, but always regular.

1833, R. J. Bertin, translated by Charles W. Chauncy, Treatise on the Diseases of the Heart, and Great Vessels, Philadelphia: Carey, Lea & Blnachard, page 165:

As Jan McTavish notes, when the physician diagnosed the headache's origins in the digestive system, particularly constipation, the antidote might entail cathartics (substances that accelerate defecation) or emetics(inducers of vomiting) and other regulators of the digestive process.


pro bono

/prəʊ ˈbəʊnəʊ/

Abbreviated from Latin pro bono publico (“for the public good”).

der

The firm currently has about half a dozen pro bono cases at any one time.

After he retired, he offered representation pro bono from time to time.

(law, medicine) Without charging a fee, done without fee, generally for clients or patients of limited means.


mentum

Learned borrowing from Latin mentum (“the chin”). Doublet of menton.


fungi

Borrowed from Latin fungī, from fungus + -ī (suffix forming the nominative or vocative plurals of most second-declension nouns ending in -us).

(pathology) Spongy, abnormal growth, as granulation tissue formed in a wound.


rabies

→ Cebuano: rabis

→ Danish: rabies

→ Malay: rabies

→ Indonesian: rabies

→ Norwegian: rabies

→ Swedish: rabies

→ Tagalog: rabis

Learned borrowing from Latin rabiēs (“rage, madness, fury”). Doublet of rage.

(pathology) An infectious disease caused by species of Lyssavirus that causes acute encephalitis in warm-blooded animals and people, characterised by abnormal behaviour such as biting, excitement, aggressiveness, and dementia, followed by paralysis and death.


encephalitis

en-noun

encephalitis (countable and uncountable, plural encephalitides)

sleeping sickness

human African trypanosomiasis, African lethargy, Congo trypanosomiasis


aqueduct

Adapted borrowing from Latin aquaeductus (“conveyance of water”), from aqua (“water”) + dūcō (“I lead”, “I bring”); compare the French aqueduc.

bor

(anatomy) A structure conveying fluid, such as the cerebral aqueduct or vestibular aqueduct.

csatorna

anatomy: a structure conveying fluid, such as the cerebral aqueduct or vestibular aqueduct


cerebral localization

en-noun

cerebral localization (plural cerebral localizations)

(physiology) The localization of the control of special functions, as of sight or of the various movements of the body, in special regions of the brain.


attenuation

attenuation (countable and uncountable, plural attenuations)

From Middle English attenuacioun, a borrowing from Latin attenuātiō (“a diminishing”). Equivalent to attenuate + -ion.

(homeopathy) The reduction of the active principles of medicines to minute doses.

laimentaminen

homeopathy: reduction of the active principles of medicines


pedophile

From pedo- (“child”) + -phile, after Ancient Greek παιδοφῐ́λης (paidophĭ́lēs) (from παῖς (paîs, “boy, child”) + φιλέω (philéō, “I love”)).

com

Apart from his sexual behavior, the pedophile is typically law abiding.

1982, National Council on Crime and Delinquency, Criminal Justice Abstracts, volume 14, page 253:

The pedophile, a particular type of child molester, is an adult whose conscious sexual interests and overt sexual behavior are directly either partially or exclusively toward children.

1986, Patrick B. McGuigan, Jon S. Pascale, Crime and Punishment in Modern America, page 109:

He uses trolling techniques to fight back against trolls that he particularly finds malevolent—specifically pedophiles and RIP trolls.

2018, Jill Anne Morris, The Internet as a Game:

(psychiatry, sexology) A person aged 16 or older who is mostly or only sexually attracted toward prepubescent children.


agnosia

en-noun

agnosia (countable and uncountable, plural agnosias)

From Ancient Greek ἀγνωσία (agnōsía, “ignorance”).

der

(neurology) The inability to recognise objects by use of the senses.


prosopagnosia

en-noun

prosopagnosia (countable and uncountable, plural prosopagnosias)

/ˌpɹɒsəpaɡˈnəʊʒə/

/ˌpɹɒsəpaɡˈnəʊzɪə/

/ˌpɹɒsəpaɡˈnəʊsɪə/

/ˌpɹɑsoʊpæɡˈnoʊʒə/

Borrowed from German Prosopagnosie (see there for more). By surface analysis, prosop- + agnosia.

A normal person can name someone from facial features alone, even if the features have changed substantially over the years. People with prosopagnosia are not able to make this association, but have few other neurological symptoms other than a loss of some part of the visual field.

1984, Robert Axelrod, The Evolution of Cooperation, page 102:

(neurology, pathology, psychology) A form of visual agnosia characterized by difficulty with face recognition despite intact low-level visual processing.


anterograde amnesia

anterograde amnesia (plural anterograde amnesias)

Coordinate term: retrograde amnesia

(pathology) The inability to remember new information from the period beginning the amnesic episode.


retrograde amnesia

retrograde amnesia (countable and uncountable, plural retrograde amnesias)

Coordinate term: anterograde amnesia

(pathology) The loss of memories from the period leading up to the amnesic episode.


dopamine

dopamine (countable and uncountable, plural dopamines)

Epinephrine and dopamine are two other catecholamine transmitters.

1988, Lubert Stryer, Biochemistry, 3rd edition, page 1025:

“The short-term, dopamine-driven feedback loops that we have created are destroying how society works: no civil discourse, no cooperation, misinformation, mistruth. And it’s not an American problem. This is not about Russian ads. This is a global problem.”

2017 December 12, Amy B Wang, “Former Facebook VP says social media is destroying society with ‘dopamine-driven feedback loops’”, in The Washington Post:

(biochemistry, pharmacology) A monoamine C₈H₁₁NO₂ that is a decarboxylated form of dopa, present in the body as a neurotransmitter and a precursor of other substances including adrenalin.


shift

shift (countable and uncountable, plural shifts)

From Middle English schiften, from Old English sċiftan (“to divide, separate into shares; appoint, ordain; arrange, organise”), from Proto-Germanic *skiftijaną, *skiptijaną, from earlier *skipatjaną (“to organise, put in order”), from Proto-Indo-European *skeyb- (“to separate, divide, part”), from Proto-Indo-European *skey- (“to cut, divide, separate, part”). Cognate with Scots schift, skift (“to shift”), West Frisian skifte, skiftsje (“to sort”), Dutch schiften (“to sort, screen, winnow, part”), German schichten (“to stack, layer”), Swedish skifta (“to shift, change, exchange, vary”), Norwegian skifte (“to shift”), Icelandic skipta (“to switch”). See ship.

cog

This kind of change, called shift - or more memorably, 'viral sex' - tends to trigger a pandemic, because a radically different virus demands a radically different immune response, and that takes time to mobilise.

2017, Laura Spinney, Pale Rider: The Spanish Flu of 1918 and How it Changed the World, →ISBN:

(genetics) A mutation in which the DNA or RNA from two different sources (such as viruses or bacteria) combine.


splenectomy

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-splenectomy.wav

From Ancient Greek σπλήν (splḗn, “spleen”) + -ectomy.

(surgery) The surgical removal of the spleen.


mec

mec liquor

(medicine, colloquial) Clipping of meconium.


Korsakoff's syndrome

Named after Russian neuropsychiatrist Sergei Korsakoff (1854–1900) who discovered the syndrome during the late 19th century.

named-after

(pathology) A form of amnesia that is seen in chronic alcoholics coupled with nutritional deficits.


gamba

Learned borrowing from Latin gamba (“leg”); compare gambol. Doublet of gam, gamb, jamb, and jambe.

lbor

(anatomy) The metacarpus or metatarsus of ruminants, etc.


fantasy

en-verb

fantasy (third-person singular simple present fantasies, present participle fantasying, simple past and past participle fantasied)

fantasies (present singular third-person)
fantasying (participle present)
fantasied (participle past)
fantasied (past)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-fantasy.wav

Noun inherited from Middle English fantasie, from Old French fantasie (“fantasy”), from Latin phantasia (“imagination”), from Ancient Greek φαντασία (phantasía, “apparition”), from φαντάζω (phantázō, “to render visible”), from φαντός (phantós, “visible”), from φαίνω (phaínō, “to make visible”); from the same root as φάος (pháos, “light”); ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰh₂nyéti, from the root *bʰeh₂- (“to shine”). Doublet of fancy, fantasia, phantasia, and phantasy.
Verb from Middle English fantasien, from Old French fantasier. Doublet of fancy.

doublet

Perhaps I would be able to help him recapture the well-being and emotional closeness he fantasied his brother had experienced with his parents prior to his birth.

2013, Mark J. Blechner, Hope and Mortality: Psychodynamic Approaches to AIDS and HIV:

(literary, psychoanalysis) To fantasize about something).