EHR

electronic health record
w:electronic health record

(medicine) Initialism of electronic health record.


PSA

en-noun

PSA (countable and uncountable, plural PSAs)

A high PSA reading indicates a possibility of cancer.

2019, Bill Bryson, The Body: A Guide for Occupants, Black Swan (2020), page 421:

prostate-specific antigen
prostate-specific antigen#English

(medicine, immunology) Initialism of prostate-specific antigen.


INR

international normalized ratio
w:international normalized ratio

(hematology) Initialism of international normalized ratio (“indicator of the clotting tendency of blood”).


GERD

Alternative form: (UK) GORD

gastroesophageal reflux disease
w:gastroesophageal reflux disease

(pathology) Acronym of gastroesophageal reflux disease.


CHD

congenital heart defect
congenital heart defect#English

(pathology, cardiology) Initialism of congenital heart defect.

coronary heart disease
coronary heart disease#English

(pathology, cardiology) Initialism of coronary heart disease.

common hepatic duct
common hepatic duct#English

(anatomy) Initialism of common hepatic duct.


IUD

IUD (countable and uncountable, plural IUDs)

The Philippine sense is due to the streetfood being reminiscent of an intrauterine device.

Typically, respondents with ASPD that use inhalants often exhibited a greater level of antisocialism, and this relationship was intensified further if the inhalant user had an IUD.

2012, Paul S. Links, Jamal Y. Ansari, Fatima Fazalullasha, Ravi Shah, “The Relationship of Personality Disorders and Axis I Clinical Disorders”, in Thomas A. Widiger, editor, The Oxford Handbook of Personality Disorders (Oxford Library of Psychology), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 247:

(psychiatry) Initialism of inhalant use disorder.

(psychiatry) Initialism of internet use disorder.


SLE

Iberdomide, a cereblon modulator promoting degradation of the transcription factors Ikaros and Aiolos, which affect leukocyte development and autoimmunity, is being evaluated for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

2022 March 17, Joan T. Merrill, Victoria P. Werth, Richard Furie et al., “Phase 2 Trial of Iberdomide in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus”, in The New England Journal of Medicine, volume 386, number 11, →DOI, page 1034:

systemic lupus erythematosus
systemic lupus erythematosus#English

(pathology) Initialism of systemic lupus erythematosus.


ARB

angiotensin receptor blocker
angiotensin receptor blocker#English

(pharmacology) Initialism of angiotensin receptor blocker.


ACE

ACE (countable and uncountable, plural ACEs)

human recombinant soluble angiotensin-converting enzyme 2

angiotensin converting enzyme
angiotensin converting enzyme#English

(biochemistry, medicine) Initialism of angiotensin converting enzyme.


MAOI

‘Sertraline in combination with an MAOI will kill you, in enough quantities.’

1996, David Foster Wallace, Infinite Jest […], Boston, Mass., New York, N.Y.: Little, Brown and Company, →ISBN, page 70:

monoamine oxidase
monoamine oxidase#English

(pharmacology) Initialism of monoamine oxidase inhibitor.


PPI

patient and public involvement
w:patient and public involvement

(medicine) Initialism of patient and public involvement.


DDS

DDS (countable and uncountable, plural DDSs or DDSes)

(medicine) Initialism of Doctor of Dental Surgery, a terminal higher education degree.


MSW

MSW (countable and uncountable, plural MSWs)

(epidemiology) Initialism of men who have sex with women.


ICU

intensive care unit
intensive care unit#English

(medicine) Initialism of intensive care unit.

IS

abbreviations less common than in English

ОРИТ

отделе́ние реанима́ции и интенси́вной терапи́и


CMT

CMT (countable and uncountable, plural CMTs)

(pathology) Initialism of Charcot-Marie-Tooth.


CNP

CNP (countable and uncountable, plural CNPs)

C-type natriuretic peptide
w:C-type natriuretic peptide

(endocrinology) Initialism of C-type natriuretic peptide.


CPA

CPA (countable and uncountable, plural CPAs)

chronic pulmonary aspergillosis
w:chronic pulmonary aspergillosis

(pathology) Initialism of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis.

cyproterone acetate
cyproterone acetate#English

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) Abbreviation of cyproterone acetate.


BHRT

(medicine) Initialism of bioidentical hormone replacement therapy.

bio-identical hormone replacement therapy


HMO

Coordinate term: PPO

It's a real problem because HMOs do not deal with chronic pain — they want to just deal with crises.

1990 February 4, Margy Dowzer, Mary Frances Platt, Aviva Shmuckler, “Disability And Accessibility Cost Money!”, in Gay Community News, volume 17, number 29, page 13:

By the mid-1990s, seven states required HMOs to pay for bone marrow transplantation.

2010, Siddhartha Mukherjee, The Emperor of All Maladies, Fourth Estate (2011), page 325:

health maintenance organization
health maintenance organization#English

(US, medicine) Initialism of health maintenance organization.


hacking

hacking (usually uncountable, plural hackings)

From Middle English hackynge, hakkynge, hacckinge, equivalent to hack + -ing.

(pathology) A dry coughing; the emission of a succession of short coughs.


senescence

senescence (usually uncountable, plural senescences)

(gerontology) Old age; accumulated damage to macromolecules, cells, tissues and organs with the passage of time.

(cytology, of a cell) Condition when the cell ceases to divide.


senescent

en-adj

senescent (comparative more senescent, superlative most senescent)

more senescent (comparative)
most senescent (superlative)

From Latin senescens, present participle of senescere (“to grow old”), from senere (“to be old”), from senex (“old”).

When such lines and forms of organic development prevail, the individual, as the cell of the body, becomes soon senescent, drifting inevitably into age, decay, and death.

1919, Boris Sidis, The Source and Aim of Human Progress:

(cytology, of a cell) That ceases to divide.


scatology

en-noun

scatology (countable and uncountable, plural scatologies)

From Ancient Greek σκῶρ (skôr, “excrement”) + -ology.

Like James Joyce’s Leopold Bloom in the novel Ulysses (1922), Mozart seemed utterly comfortable with himself, bodily functions, and all.[…] In our view Mozart’s so-called scatology is part of his culture and personality and, as we have argued, intimately connected with his creativity.

2015, Henry Powell, Howard Kushner, “Mozart at play: The limitations of attributing etiology of genius to Tourette syndrome and mental illness”, in Eckart Altenmüller, Stanley Finger, François Boller, editors, Music, Neurology, and Neuroscience, page 290:

(psychology, medicine) Interest in or obsession with faeces or other excrement.


caecum

Borrowed from Latin caecum (“invisible, hidden”), clipping of intestīnum caecum (“blind gut”), translation of Ancient Greek τῠφλὸν ἔντερον (tŭphlòn énteron).

der

τῠφλὸν ἔντερον

After a preliminary course in anatomy it was found that caecum and transverse colon also provided excellent sites for excitation.

1970, J. G. Ballard, The Atrocity Exhibition:

(anatomy) A cavity open at one end (such as the blind end of a duct), especially a blind pouch connected to the large intestine between the ileum and the colon.


colitis

en-noun

colitis (usually uncountable, plural colitides or colitises)

Peritoneal fluid was commonly found in acute colitides, particularly pseudomembranous, infectious, and ischemic colitides, and not in chronic IBD.

1996 July, Richard M. Gore, Emil J. Balthazar, Gary G. Ghahremani, Frank H. Miller, “CT Features of Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn’s Disease”, in American Journal of Roentgenology, volume 167, number 1, →DOI, page 11:

Crohn's disease and colitis

ulcerative colitis
ulcerative colitis#English

(medicine, informal) Ellipsis of ulcerative colitis.


phlebitis

(pathology) Inflammation of a vein, usually in the legs.


jejunum

Borrowed from Latin iēiūnum, neuter of iēiūnus.

(anatomy) The central of the three divisions of the small intestine which lies between the duodenum and the ileum


MSA

MSA (countable and uncountable, plural MSAs)

multiple system atrophy
w:multiple system atrophy

(pathology) Initialism of multiple system atrophy.


gingiva

/ˈd͡ʒɪnd͡ʒɪvə/

/d͡ʒɪnˈd͡ʒaɪvə/

(anatomy) The gum, consisting of the tissue surrounding the roots of the teeth and covering the jawbone.


gingivitis

gingivitis (usually uncountable, plural gingivitides or gingivites)

gingivitides (plural)
gingivites (plural)

/ˌd͡ʒɪnd͡ʒɪˈvaɪtəs/

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-gingivitis.wav

(pathology) Inflammation of the gums or gingivae.


small intestine

small intestine (plural small intestines)

From small + intestine, perhaps a partial calque of Middle English smaltharm, smaleþarm, from Old English smælþearme (“lower gut, small intestine”, literally “small tharm”).

der

(anatomy) The upper part of the intestine, between the stomach and the large intestine, divided into the duodenum, the jejunum and the ileum.


naevus

(anatomy) A pigmented, raised or otherwise abnormal area on the skin, whether congenital or acquired.


naevoid

en-adj

naevoid (comparative more naevoid, superlative most naevoid)

more naevoid (comparative)
most naevoid (superlative)

He thought the tumour was at first more nævoid in character, but that now it was a melanotic sarcoma.

1897, The British Homoeopathic Review, volume 41, page 3:


naevus flammeus

(anatomy) A vascular birthmark or naevus, usually on the head and neck, consisting of an overgrowth of capillaries which produce a reddish to purplish discoloration of the skin.


neurotransmitter

Together with this is the influence of an infinite number of neurotransmitters, neurohormones, environmental hazards, and accidental programmings.

2016, David R. Hawkins, The Eye of the I: From Which Nothing is Hidden, page 142:

(biochemistry, neuroscience) Any substance, such as acetylcholine or dopamine, responsible for sending nerve signals across a synapse between two neurons.

نَاقِل عَصَبِيّ

substance responsible for sending nerve signals across a synapse between two neurons

神経伝達物質

しんけいでんたつぶっしつ

нейромедіа́тор m (nejromediátor, literally “neuromediator”)


NIV

non-invasive ventilation
w:non-invasive ventilation

(uncountable, medicine) Initialism of non-invasive ventilation.

(countable, medicine) A non-invasive ventilation machine, a NIV device. Abbreviation of non-invasive ventilator.

NPPV

non-invasive positive pressure ventilation


CFR

en-noun

CFR (countable and uncountable, plural CFRs)

The CFR for the SARS epidemic was around 9 to 10 percent, while MERS, first identified in 2012, is around 35 percent.

2020 March 12, Matt Stieb, “Does the Coronavirus Think I’m Old?”, in New York:

case fatality rate
case fatality rate#English

(countable, pathology, epidemiology, statistics) Initialism of case fatality rate.


TTP

TTP (countable and uncountable, plural TTPs)

Coordinate term: ITP

(medicine, uncountable) Initialism of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura.


TD

TD (countable and uncountable, plural TDs)

tardive dyskinesia
tardive dyskinesia#English

(neurology) Initialism of tardive dyskinesia.


ECT

ECT (countable and uncountable, plural ECTs)

electroconvulsive therapy
electroconvulsive therapy#English

(medicine) Initialism of electroconvulsive therapy.


IPS

(medicine) Initialism of Institute on Psychiatric Services.


mtDNA

mtDNA (countable and uncountable, plural mtDNAs)

There is a large infographic on mtDNA types and population sampling.

2020, Raven Leilani, Luster, Picador (2021), pages 145–146:

mitochondrial DNA
mitochondrial DNA#English

(genetics) Abbreviation of mitochondrial DNA.


SGA

SGA (countable and uncountable, plural SGAs)

Coordinate term: FGA

second-generation antipsychotic
atypical antipsychotic#English

(pharmacology) Initialism of second-generation antipsychotic.


DO

DO (countable and uncountable, plural DOs)

(dentistry) Initialism of disto-occlusal.


PGF

PGF (countable and uncountable, plural PGFs)

placental growth factor
placental growth factor#English

(genetics) Abbreviation of placental growth factor gene., the gene encoding for the biomolecule placental growth factor (“PlGF”)


PBT

PBT (countable and uncountable, plural PBTs)

w:persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic substances

(toxicology, countable) Initialism of persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic (substance).


PIA

PIA (countable and uncountable, plural PIAs)

(medicine) Initialism of porcine intestinal adenomatosis.


SIR

SIR (countable and uncountable, plural SIRs)

(biochemistry, genetics) Abbreviation of silent information regulator.


SIR

(epidemiology) Initialism of susceptible-infected/infectious-removed/recovered.


CSC

CSC (countable and uncountable, plural CSCs)

(oncology) Initialism of cancer stem cell.


poxy

en-adj

poxy (comparative poxier, superlative poxiest)

poxier (comparative)
poxiest (superlative)


chicken pox

en-noun

chicken pox (usually uncountable, plural chicken poxes)

From chicken + pox, under the influence of earlier hen-pox and swinepox, which formed larger blisters.

varicella zoster virus
varicella zoster virus

(now rare, pathology) The blisters formed by the varicella zoster virus (VZV).

Chickenpox parties, at which children gather so they can all be infected by a child who has the pox, are often held by parents who distrust chickenpox vaccine or want their children to have the stronger immunity that surviving a full-blown infection affords.

(pathology) The highly contagious airborne disease caused by initial infection with varicella zoster virus, typically causing a skin rash that forms small itchy blisters.

(inexact, sometimes proscribed, pathology) Any disease causing similar symptoms.


blastoderm

(embryology) The germination point in an ovum from which the embryo develops.


varicella

varicella (usually uncountable, plural varicellas or varicellae)

From New Latin varicella, diminutive of variola (“pox”).


ileus

Borrowed from Latin īleus, from Ancient Greek εἰλεός (eileós, “intestinal obstruction”).

der

gastrointestinal tract
gastrointestinal tract

(medicine, modern usage) Disruption of the normal propulsive ability of the gastrointestinal tract, due to failure of peristalsis.

1796, Erasmus Darwin, Zoonomia, Volume II: Classes of Diseases, IV: Diseases of Association, Ordo III: Retrograde Associate Motions, Genus II: Catenated with sensitive motions,
The perpetual vomiting in ileus is caused in like manner by the defective excitement of the sensorial power of association by the bowel, which is torpid during the intervals of pain; and the stomach sympathizes with it.

When ileus comes on in a case of strangury, they prove fatal in seven days, unless, fever supervening, there be a copious discharge of urine.

1849, Hippocrates, translated by Francis Adams, Aphorisms:

You must expect to lose from 40% to 60% of all acute post operative ileuses, and about 20% of your sub-acute cases.

1921, Western Osteopathic Association et al., The Western osteopath, volume 16, page 20:

Thus, ileus also has potential detrimental effects in sterile peritonitis by providing a source and mechanism for entry of bacteria into the peritoneal cavity.
Other factors commonly encountered in animals with peritonitis may also predispose to adynamic ileus.

2002, Douglas H. Slatter, Textbook of Small Animal Surgery, volume 1, page 420:

(medicine, broad definition, now rare) Disruption of the normal propulsive ability of the gastrointestinal tract from any cause.


ileitis

en-noun

ileitis (countable and uncountable, plural ileitides)


prostate gland

(anatomy) A gland in male mammals surrounding the urethra just below the urinary bladder that controls the release of urine from the bladder and produces a secretion that is the fluid part of semen.

předstojná žláza

gland in male mammals surrounding the urethra — see also prostate

urogenital sinus - embryological precursor


retinitis

retinitis (usually uncountable, plural retinitides)

DHPG […] is effective in fighting Cytomegalovirus (CMV), a common virus which, for PWAs, can cause CMV retinitis — a condition which can lead to blindness within weeks.

1989 February 5, Judy Harris, “Untitled image caption”, in Gay Community News, volume 16, number 29, page 3:


sinus

Learned borrowing from Latin sinus (“a bent surface, curve, hollow”). Doublet of sine.

lbor

(anatomy, zootomy) A pouch or cavity in a bone or other tissue, especially one in the bones of the face or skull connecting with the nasal cavities (the paranasal sinus).

sinus

(anatomy) An irregular venous or lymphatic cavity, reservoir, or dilated vessel.

(physiology, attributive) Relating to or denoting the sinoatrial node of the heart or its function of regulating the heartbeat.

(pathology) An abnormal cavity or passage such as a fistula, leading from a deep-seated infection and discharging pus to the surface.


resilience

en-noun

resilience (countable and uncountable, plural resiliences)

From resilio + -ence, from Latin resiliō (“to spring back”).

Martin Seligman's impressive body of research showed that a pessimistic explanatory style carves a path to depression, while an optimistic explanatory style leads to resilience.

2021, Lisa Miller, The Awakened Brain, Ch.2, at p.36

(psychology, neuroscience) The mental ability to recover quickly from depression, illness or misfortune.

veerkragtigheid

ability of a system or company to recover


kinesiology

kinesiology (countable and uncountable, plural kinesiologies)

(medicine) The application of such principles to the diagnosis and treatment of muscular imbalance.


PNA

(pathology) Initialism of pulmonary nodular amyloidosis.


BLS

(medicine) Initialism of basic life support.


STN

STN (countable and uncountable, plural STNs)

(neuroanatomy) Initialism of subthalamic nucleus.


ETD

ETD (countable and uncountable, plural ETDs)

Eustachian tube dysfunction
Eustachian tube dysfunction#English

(medicine) Initialism of Eustachian tube dysfunction.


IVF

IVF (countable and uncountable, plural IVFs)

The bill seeks to make IVF treatment more affordable by mandating coverage for fertility treatments under employer-sponsored insurance and certain public insurance plans.

2024 June 13, Clare Foran and Ted Barrett, “Senate GOP blocks bill to guarantee access to IVF nationwide”, in CNN:

in vitro fertilization
in vitro fertilization#English

(medicine) Initialism of in vitro fertilization.


abasia

abasia (usually uncountable, plural abasias)

From New Latin a- (“without”) + Ancient Greek βάσις (básis, “step”) + New Latin -ia (“pathological condition”).

bor

The patient is able to move her legs while lying down but has abasia when she stands up.

(medicine) An inability to walk due to a defect in muscular coordination.


abiotrophy

From abio- (“without life”) + -trophy (“development”).

confix

(medicine) Premature degeneration of cells or tissues, especially with genetic causes; loss of function of organ or cell, not due to injury.


sebum

en-noun

sebum (countable and uncountable, plural sebums or seba)

Learned borrowing from Latin sēbum (“tallow, grease; suet”).

lbor

‘I mean, it is not simply adolescent acne caused by the over-excretion of sebum.’

2000, Zadie Smith, White Teeth, London: Hamish Hamilton, →ISBN, page 387:

(physiology) A thick oily substance, secreted by the sebaceous glands of the skin, that consists of fat, keratin and cellular debris.


sebaceous gland

en-noun

sebaceous gland (plural sebaceous glands)

(anatomy) A gland of the skin which secretes an oily substance, sebum, usually into a hair follicle near the surface of the skin.


uvea

From Medieval Latin, from Latin uva (“grape”), partial loan translation of Greek ῥαγοειδής χιτών (rhagoeidḗs khitṓn, “[covering] like a grape”), from ῥάξ (rháx, “grape”) .

(anatomy) The middle of the three concentric layers that make up the eye; it is pigmented and vascular, and comprises the choroid, the ciliary body, and the iris.

střední vrstva oční koule

the middle of the three concenctric layers that make up the eye


vascular

LL-Q1860 (eng)-عُثمان (Middle river exports)-vascular.wav

From New Latin vasculāris, from Latin vasculum, diminutive of vas (“vessel”).

Reindeer are well suited to the taiga’s frigid winters. They can maintain a thermogradient between body core and the environment of up to 100 degrees, in part because of insulation provided by their fur, and in part because of counter-current vascular heat exchange systems in their legs and nasal passages.

2013 March 7, Nancy Langston, “Mining the Boreal North”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 2, archived from the original on 2016-04-13, page 98:

(anatomy) Relating to the flow of fluids, such as blood, lymph, or sap, through the body of an animal or plant, or to the vessels that carry such fluids


tonsil

Late 16th century borrowing from French tonsille or Latin tonsillae (“the tonsils in the throat”, plural).

bor

(anatomy, immunology) Ellipsis of palatine tonsil.

(anatomy, immunology) Any of various small masses of lymphoid tissues.


MPP

en-noun

MPP (countable and uncountable, plural MPPs)

(medicine, countable) Initialism of mucus penetrating particle.


tonsillitis

tonsillitis (usually uncountable, plural tonsillitides or tonsillites)

tonsillitides (plural)
tonsillites (plural)

(pathology) Inflammation of the tonsils.


quinsy

quinsy (countable and uncountable, plural quinsies)

From Middle English quinesye, from Old French quinencie, from Medieval Latin quinancia, from Ancient Greek κυνάγχη (kunánkhē, “canine quinsy”), from κύων (kúōn, “dog”) + ἄγχω (ánkhō, “throttle”). Doublet of cynanche.

af

He'd had the quinsy and swollen glands when he was young, he told me, and it had left him with a weal throat, and a hesitating, whispering fashion of speech.

1891 [September, A[rthur] Conan Doyle, “Adventures of Sherlock Holmes. Adventure III.—A Case of Identity.”, in Geo[rge] Newnes, editor, The Strand Magazine: An Illustrated Monthly, volume II (July to December), number [9], London: […], page 251, column 2:

b False. Quinsies are found at the back of the throat on either side of the uvula along the tonsils.
c True. A quinsy grows as it swells with pus. This space-occupying effect can push the uvula away from it towards the opposite side.

2010, Gurdeep Singh Mannu, Tunde Odutoye, ENT MCQs for Medical Students: With Explanatory Answers, page 130:

The patient may have cervical lymphadenopathy, trismus (moderate to severe increases suggestive of quinsy in acute setting), erythema of tonsils, crypt debris in tonsils or purulence of tonsils.

2011, Kerryn Phelps, Craig Hassed, General Practice: The Integrative Approach, page 317:

(pathology) A peritonsillar abscess; a painful pus-filled inflammation or abscess of the tonsils and surrounding tissues, usually a complication of tonsillitis, caused by bacterial infection and often accompanied by fever.


TID

It has been repeatedly documented that moving patients from a TID dosing regimen to BID or OD vastly improves compliance, and thus the medicine's effectiveness.

2014 April, Ken. Seufert, “The New Dawn of Pharmaceutical Manufacturing: Innovative Solutions for Unprecedented Challenges”, in American Pharmaceutical Review:

(pharmacology) thrice per day, consumed three times per day


RSS

rapid response system
rapid response system#English

(medicine) Initialism of rapid response system.


SCC

Ulcerated BCC may mimic SCC, and Bowen's disease may be misdiagnosed for the superficial and morphoeic forms.

1993, W. E. De Launey, Harvey Rotstein, W. A. Land, De Launey and Land Principles and Practice of Dermatology:

squamous cell carcinoma
squamous cell carcinoma#English

(pathology) Initialism of squamous cell carcinoma.


deglutition

en-noun

deglutition (countable and uncountable, plural deglutitions)

Borrowed from French déglutition or from Late Latin dēglūtītiō, from Latin dēglūtīre, dēgluttīre + -tiō (suffix forming nouns relating to actions or the results of actions). Dēgluttīre is derived from dēgluttiō (“to swallow down”), from dē- (prefix meaning ‘from, off’) + gluttiō (“to gulp down, swallow”) (from Proto-Indo-European *gʷel- (“throat”)).

[T]he action of the gullet, that is deglutition, is performed and conſummated, the action being animall and partly Naturall.

1653, J[ohn] B[ulwer], “Lip Gallantry, or Certaine Labiall Fashions Invented by Divers Nations”, in Anthropometamorphosis: Man Transform’d: Or, The Artificiall Changling Historically Presented, […], London: Printed by William Hunt, →OCLC, page 189:

The Uvula […] ſerves as an arched and ſlippery Bridge, exactly fitted every way to cover the convex Sides and Rima of the Glottis, for the Aliment to ſlide eaſily along in Deglutition; it prevents the Aliment from falling out of the Fauces into the Larynx in Deglutition; and being moved by its Muſcles, protruds the Aliment backward into the upper Part of the Fauces.

1742, [Herman] Boerhaave, “Of the Origin, Nature, and Mixture of the Saliva with the Aliments”, in Dr. Boerhaave’s Academical Lectures on the Theory of Physic. […], volume I (Containing the History of Physic, […]), London: Printed for W. Innys, […], →OCLC, § 70, page 170:

A man of the age of twenty-ſeven had a tubercle at the root of his tongue, for about ſix years; […] Deglutitions were rendered extremely difficult.

1762, Anthony Storck [i.e., Anton von Störck], “Case VIII”, in An Essay on the Medicinal Nature of Hemlock. In Two Parts. […], Edinburgh: Printed for A. Donaldson and J. Reid, for Alex[ander] Donaldson, →OCLC, part II, pages 108–109:

Feeling without judgment is a washy draught indeed; but judgment untempered by feeling is too bitter and husky a morsel for human deglutition.

1847 October 16, Currer Bell [pseudonym; Charlotte Brontë], chapter VI, in Jane Eyre. An Autobiography. […], volume II, London: Smith, Elder, and Co., […], →OCLC, page 174:

Sometimes they work by satire, as in the case of the ants here referred to; sometimes by terror, by spitefulness, by cunning stealthiness and tricks of decoy, by immense deglutitions, by any and all sorts of animal habits that connect, with prey, ferocities, voracities and disgusts that make it symbolic of evil.

1868, Horace Bushnell, “Of the Animal Infestations”, in Moral Uses of Dark Things, New York, N.Y.: Charles Scribner & Company, →OCLC, pages 287–288:

Some philosopher has said that the chief pleasure in a man's life, as in that of a cow, consists in the processes of mastication, deglutition, and digestion, and I am very much inclined to agree with him.

1909, W[illiam] H[enry] Hudson, “The Village and ‘The Stones’”, in Afoot in England, London: Hutchinson & Co. […], →OCLC, page 251:

The movement of food from the mouth into the stomach is achieved by the act of swallowing, or deglutition[…]. Deglutition is facilitated by the secretion of saliva and mucus and involves the mouth, pharynx, and esophagus.

2008, Gerard J. Tortora, Bryan Derrickson, “The Digestive System”, in Principles of Anatomy and Physiology, 12th edition, Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley, →ISBN, page 935, column 2:

(physiology) The act or process of swallowing.


tampon

en-verb

tampon (third-person singular simple present tampons, present participle tamponing or tamponning, simple past and past participle tamponed or tamponned)

tampons (present singular third-person)
tamponing (participle present)
tamponning (participle present)
tamponed (participle past)
tamponed (past)
tamponned (participle past)
tamponned (past)

First attested in 1848. Borrowed from French tampon, from Middle French tampon, a nasalised variant of tapon, a diminutive or augmented form of Old French tape (“plug, bung, tap”), from Frankish *tappō (“stopper, plug”), from Proto-Germanic *tappô (“plug, tap”). Cognate with Old High German zapfo (“stopper”), Old English tæppa (“stopper”). Doublet of tampion. More at tap.

(medicine, transitive) To plug (a wound) with a tampon or compress.


protoplasmic

(cytology) Of or relating to protoplasm.


tetanus

en-noun

tetanus (usually uncountable, plural tetanuses or tetani)

From Latin tetanus, from Ancient Greek τέτανος (tétanos), from τείνω (teínō, “I stretch”).

(pathology, countable) A serious and often fatal disease caused by the infection of an open wound with the anaerobic bacterium Clostridium tetani, found in soil and the intestines and faeces of animals.

We first saturated LTP in one pathway by applying repetitive tetani that had no effect on the control pathway […]

1998 January 16, Pierre-Marie Lledo et al., “Postsynaptic Membrane Fusion and Long-Term Potentiation”, in Science, volume 279, number 5349, →DOI, pages 399–403:

(physiology, countable) A state of muscle tension caused by sustained contraction arising from a rapid series of nerve impulses which do not allow the muscle to relax.


scurvy

scurvy (usually uncountable, plural scurvies)

The adjective is derived from Late Middle English scurvi, scurvy, variants of scurfi (“having scurf, scabby”), from scurf (“skin disease causing scabs or scales; flakes of skin that fall off due to a skin disease, etc.”) + -i (suffix forming adjectives). Scurf is derived from Old English scurf, from Proto-Germanic *skurf- (“to gnaw”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to cut off, sever; to divide, separate”). By surface analysis, scurf (“skin disease; flakes of skin that fall off due to a skin disease; crust-like formations on the skin”) + -y (suffix meaning ‘having the quality of’ forming adjectives).
The noun is derived from the adjective. It was used to translate the similar-sounding Dutch scheurbuik, French scorbut, Middle Low German schorbūk (“scurvy (disease)”), etc.

cog

Our legs now vs deceiue, / ſwolne euery ioint withall, / With this diſeaſe, which, by your leaue, / the Scuruie men doe call.

1589, Robert Baker, Richard Hakluyt, The Principall Navigations, Voiages, and Discoveries of the English Nation, […], London: […] George Bishop and Ralph Newberie, deputies to Christopher Barker, […], →OCLC, page 139:

[H]ee will go to the ſea, and teare the gold out of the Spaniards throats but he will haue it, byrlady when he comes there, poore ſoule hee lyes in brine in Baliſt, and is lamentable ſicke of the ſcuruies; […]

1592, Thomas Nash[e], Pierce Penilesse His Supplication to the Deuill. […], London: […] [John Charlewood for] Richard Ihones, […], →OCLC, signature B2, verso:

[W]hich excellent plant [scurvy-grass], Cæſars ſoldiers […] found to preuaile […] againſt that plague and hurtfull diſeaſe of the teeth, gums, and ſinevves, called the Scuruie, being a depriuation of all good bloode and moiſture, in the vvhole bodie, called Scorbutum; in Engliſh the Scuruie, and Skyrbie: […]

1597, John Gerarde [i.e., John Gerard], “Of Scuruie Grasse, or Spoonewoort”, in The Herball or Generall Historie of Plantes. […], London: […] Edm[und] Bollifant, for Bonham and Iohn Norton, →OCLC, book II, page 325, column 2:

[N]ovv vve have looſed the plough in the fields, they'l find vvork enough about home to keep us from the ſcurvey.

c. 1607–1626 (date written), Thomas Heywood, William Rowly [i.e., William Rowley], Fortune by Land and Sea. A Tragi-comedy. […], London: […] John Sweeting […], and Robert Pollard […], published 1655, →OCLC, Act III, scene i, page 21:

The Scurvies is the Mother and Nurſery of all Diſeaſes: and upon taking old, or any diſorder of Body, they branch out one Diſtemper or other, and yet the grand cauſe, vvhich is the Scurvies, remains all in one Body.

1674 October 25 (Gregorian calendar), George Jones, This is to Give You Notice of My Friendly Pill: The Like whereof was Never Found Out before, for Doing Good: […], London: [s.n.], →OCLC, pages 8–9:

But I muſt allovv that this VVater is moſt indovv'd vvith theſe Acid Streams by this means, and may repute it as moſt Medicinal in Scurvies, on the Score of the Quantity of Acid, Chalybeat, and Allummy, extraordinary in this.

1711, Benjamin Allen, “Scarborough-water in Yorkshire”, in The Natural History of the Mineral-waters of Great-Britain. […], London: […] [F]or the author, and sold by William Innys, […], →OCLC, page 34:

Native Animal Oils, as Fat, Cream, Butter, Marrovv, eſpecially the laſt, vvhich is excellent in ſome Scurvies.

1732, John Arbuthnot, “Practical Rules of Diet in the Various Constitutions and Diseases of Human Bodies. Chapter I. Of the Different Qualities and Effects of Alimentary Substances. 10. Abaters of Acrimony or Sharpness.”, in An Essay Concerning the Nature of Aliments, and the Choice of Them, According to the Different Constitutions of Human Bodies. […], 2nd edition, London: […] J[acob] Tonson […], →OCLC, page 264:

And then as to your ſcurvys, and gouts, rheumatiſms, conſumptions, coughs and catarrhs, tar-vvater and turpentine vvill make you as ſound as a roach.

1763 June 20 (first performance), Samuel Foote, The Mayor of Garret. A Comedy, […], London: […] P[aul] Vaillant, […], published 1764, →OCLC, Act I, scene i, page 4:

The chief use, however, of the fresh provisions was for the men with the scurvy. One of them was able to eat, and he soon brought himself to by gnawing upon raw potatoes; but the other, by this time, was hardly able to open his mouth; and the cook took the potatoes raw, pounded them in a mortar, and gave him the juice to drink.

1841, R[ichard] H[enry] D[ana], Jr., chapter XXXV, in Two Years before the Mast. […], London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, page 114:

Conditions were horrendous aboard most British naval vessels at the time. Scurvy and other diseases ran rampant, killing more seamen each year than all other causes combined, including combat.

2012 March, William E. Carter, Merri Sue Carter, “The British Longitude Act Reconsidered: Was It Responsible Governance or was It Subterfuge?”, in American Scientist, volume 100, number 2, New Haven, Conn.: Sigma Xi, the Scientific Research Society, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2016-01-21, page 87:

(uncountable, pathology) A disease caused by insufficient intake of vitamin C, leading to the formation of livid spots on the skin, spongy gums, loosening of the teeth, and bleeding into the skin and from almost all mucous membranes; (countable, obsolete) an occurrence of this disease.

إِسْقَرْبُوط

(uncountable, by extension, veterinary medicine, obsolete) A cattle disease, perhaps affecting the skin.


sputum

en-noun

sputum (countable and uncountable, plural sputums or sputa)

From New Latin, from Latin sputum (“that which is spit out, spittle”), from spuere (“to spit”).

der

In the early 1890s the work in the laboratory consisted of postmortems, urinalyses, and examination of sputums.

2018, Louis Rosenfeld, Four Centuries of Clinical Chemistry:

At the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta, the boy’s sputum sat for a month, waiting for its turn in a slow process of antibody-matching analysis.

2020 February 24, James Hamblin, “You’re Likely to Get the Coronavirus”, in The Atlantic:

(physiology) Matter coughed up and expectorated from the mouth, composed of saliva and discharges from the respiratory passages such as mucus, phlegm or pus.

խորխ

matter coughed up and expectorated from the mouth


GD

(endocrinology) Initialism of gain of deiodinases: the sum activity of peripheral deiodinases.

gain of deiodinases

gender dysphoria
gender dysphoria#English

(psychiatry) Initialism of gender dysphoria.


Dx

Abbreviation of diagnose or diagnosis, formed by analogy with Rx, variant of ℞ (“prescription”), abbreviation of Latin recipe (“take”). Compare also Hx (“history”).


Dx

en-verb

Dx (third-person singular simple present Dx's, present participle Dx'ing, simple past and past participle Dx'd or Dx'ed)

Dx's (present singular third-person)
Dx'ing (participle present)
Dx'd (participle past)
Dx'd (past)
Dx'ed (participle past)
Dx'ed (past)

I was Dx'd with ADHD ten years ago.


tx

Alternative form: Tx

(countable, uncountable, medicine) Abbreviation of treatment or therapy.


Rx

(medicine, pharmacy) Alternative form of ℞: prescription.


Hx

Formed by analogy with Rx, variant of ℞ (“prescription”), abbreviation of Latin recipe (“take”). Compare also Dx (“diagnosis”).

The purpose of this study was to see if U.u. is more commonly found in children ages 1-12 years with a Hx of sexual contact than those without such a Hx.

1987, American Society for Microbiology, Program and abstracts of the Twenty-Seventh Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy: 4-7 October 1987, page 171:

Of particular importance is that both sleepiness measures (along with a Hx of OSA) suggest that the patient may be at risk, […]

2005, Michael L. Perlis, Michael T. Smith, Carla Jungquist, Donn Posner, editors, Cognitive behavioral treatment of insomnia: a session-by-session guide, →ISBN, page 126:

His Hx of imprisonment and homelessness are risk factors for TB, and his bilateral upper lobe infiltrates are in the appropriate location for reactivation TB.

2010, Carlos Ayala, Brad Spellberg, Boards and Wards, fourth edition, page 553:


hx

Alternative form: Hx

May occur secondary to a weakened esophagus or after violent emesis, but the hx is nonspecific most of the time.

2006, “Gastroenterology: Esophageal Rupture”, in Steven E. Diaz, The Little Black Book of Emergency Medicine (Jones and Bartlett's Little Black Book Series), 2nd edition, Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett Publishers, →ISBN, page 102:


DBP

en-noun

DBP (countable and uncountable, plural DBPs)

diastolic blood pressure
w:diastolic blood pressure

(medicine) Initialism of diastolic blood pressure.


TDI

TDI (countable and uncountable, plural TDIs)

Coordinate term: TWI

Evaluations of dioxin hazards are made on the basis of the tolerable daily intakes (TDI). Since 1980 the TDIs are established by appropriate authorities in individual countries. By definition TDIs are the maximum doses which are not harmful even when taken over the whole life.

2005, Przemysław Mastalerz, The True Story of DDT, PCB, and Dioxin, Wydawnictwo Chemiczne, →ISBN, page 91:

tolerable daily intake
w:tolerable daily intake

(toxicology) Initialism of tolerable daily intake.


cautery

cautery (usually uncountable, plural cauteries)

(surgery) The process of using either extreme heat or extreme cold to either cut or seal body tissue.

(surgery) A device used for cutting or sealing body tissue.

kauterizace

process of cutting or sealing body tissue with heat or cold


anoxic

(pathology) Suffering from a reduced supply of oxygen.

anòxic

suffering from a reduced supply of oxygen


agonistic

en-adj

agonistic (comparative more agonistic, superlative most agonistic)

more agonistic (comparative)
most agonistic (superlative)

From Ancient Greek ἀγωνιστικός (agōnistikós).

(pharmacology, biochemistry) Pertaining to an agonist.


fistula

en-noun

fistula (plural fistulas or fistulae or fistulæ)

fistulas (plural)
fistulae (plural)
fistulæ (plural)

Learned borrowing from Latin fistula (“pipe, ulcer, catheter”), from findō (“cleave, divide, split”). Doublet of fester.

lbor

Small fistulæ are to be closed bilaterally in an antero-posterior line[…]

1903, William Rice Pryor, Gynæcology, page 113:

There are several reasons why a manual on this disease should be a part of the veterinary literature of the day, the chief one being that fistula of the withers is a very prevalent disease of horses and thus exacts a big toll from the horse industry.

1917, Louis Adolph Merillat, Fistula of the Withers and Poll-Evil, page 5:

Fistulas are abnormal communications between two epithelialized surfaces. The causes of enterocutaneous fistulas can be remembered using the mnemonic FRIEND: Foreign body, Radiation, Inflammation/Infection/Inflammatory bowel disease, Epithelialization, Neoplasm, and Distal obstruction. Fifteen to twenty-five percent of enterocutaneous fistulas arise spontaneously as in, for example, Crohn's disease or cancer.

1998, Scott Fisher, “Enterocutaneous Fistulas”, in Theodore J. Saclarides, Keith W. Millikan, editors, Common Surgical Diseases: An Algorithmic Approach to Problem Solving, page 164:

An intestinal fistula is an unwanted pathway from intestines to other organs (e.g., the bladder).

2008, Sylvia Escott-Stump, Nutrition and Diagnosis-related Care, page 405:

(medicine) An abnormal connection or passageway between organs or vessels that normally do not connect.


airless

en-adj

airless (comparative more airless, superlative most airless)

more airless (comparative)
most airless (superlative)


(oncology) The vitamin biotin labelled with radioactive (yttrium-90), used in the treatment of cancer, where it seeks out tumor cells that have been targeted by an antibody linked to streptavidin and kills them.


antiphagocytic

(immunology) impeding or preventing the action of phagocytes or the occurrence of phagocytosis


attrition

en-noun

attrition (countable and uncountable, plural attritions)

15th century, from Middle English attricion, attricioun, from Middle French attricion, attrition and its etymon, Latin attrītiō (“a rubbing against”), from the verb attrītus, past participle of atterō (“to wear”), from ad- (“to, towards”) + terō (“to rub”). By surface analysis, attrit + -ion.

(dentistry) The wearing of teeth due to their grinding.


avulsion

avulsion (countable and uncountable, plural avulsions)

(medicine, pathology) The loss or separation of a body part, either by surgery or due to trauma.


palliative

en-adj

palliative (comparative more palliative, superlative most palliative)

more palliative (comparative)
most palliative (superlative)

From Middle French palliatif, from New Latin *palliātīvus, from Medieval Latin palliō (“to cloak”), from Latin pallium (“a cloak”).

(medicine) Minimising the progression of a disease and relieving undesirable symptoms for as long as possible, rather than attempting to cure the (usually incurable) disease.

مُلَطِّف

reducing progression and relieving symptoms


palliative

The radiation and chemotherapy were only palliatives.

Mary heard with sorrow, and fear also, of the projected journey; but the altered expression of Isabella's countenance was a great palliative—dreadful as it was that her husband should love another...

1842, [anonymous collaborator of Letitia Elizabeth Landon], chapter XXVIII, in Lady Anne Granard; or, Keeping up Appearances. […], volume II, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 66:

(medicine) Something that palliates, particularly a palliative medicine.


sympathetic

sympathetic (comparative more sympathetic, superlative most sympathetic)

more sympathetic (comparative)
most sympathetic (superlative)

Mid 17th century in the sense “relating to an affinity or paranormal influence”, from Latin sympathēticus. By surface analysis, sympathy + -etic (“pertaining to”); compare pathetic. Displaced native Old English efnþrōwiende.

съчувствен

of, related to, showing, or characterized by sympathy

симпатичен

of a person: attracting the liking of others

Sympathetic innervation involves epinephrine.

It was suggested that adrenaline might act at the junction of sympathetic nerves and the effector organs, and that adrenaline might be released at sympathetic nerve endings.

1967, Leslie L. Iversen, The Uptake and Storage of Noradrenaline in Sympathetic Nerves, Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 23:

autonomic nervous system
autonomic nervous system

(neuroanatomy, neurology, relational) Relating to or denoting the part of the autonomic nervous system consisting of nerves arising from ganglia near the middle part of the spinal cord, supplying the internal organs, blood vessels, and glands, and balancing the action of the parasympathetic nerves.

交感的

relating to part of the autonomic nervous system


anticoagulant

In the case of pathological hypercoagulative conditions such as thrombosis and embolism, 4-hydroxycoumarin based oral anticoagulants, including warfarin as a well-known example, are administered to block the enzymatic function of VKORC1, effectively diminishing turnover of the vitamin K cycle.

2015 July 29, Carville G. Bevans et al., “Phylogeny of the Vitamin K 2,3-Epoxide Reductase (VKOR) Family and Evolutionary Relationship to the Disulfide Bond Formation Protein B (DsbB) Family”, in Nutrients, volume 7, →DOI:

(medicine) A substance that prevents coagulation (stops blood from clotting); especially, any of a group of pharmaceutical drugs that reduce the clotting speed or affinity of the blood by any of several mechanisms (e.g., inhibiting platelet function, inhibiting clotting factor (protein) production or function, increasing antithrombin function).


anticonvulsant

(pharmacology) An agent that prevents, stops, or lessens convulsions.


anticonvulsant

(pharmacology) Acting as an anticonvulsant.


antidepressant

Some women with postpartum depression and thyroid imbalance may require antidepressants and psychiatric therapy.

1999, Ridha Arem, The Thyroid Solution, →ISBN, page 216:

She had a history of depression and was taking phenelzine, an antidepressant.

2009 March 3, Barron H. Lerner, “A Life-Changing Case for Doctors in Training”, in The New York Times:

Dr. Melanie met with Annabelle and delivered her diagnosis: Benny was in the prodromal phase of schizoaffective disorder, and she was recommending that they stop the Ritalin and start him on an antidepressant for the mood disorder and an antipsychotic to treat the auditory hallucinations.

2021, Ruth Ozeki, The Book of Form and Emptiness, Canongate Books (2022), page 102:

(pharmacology) An agent that prevents or counteracts depression.


antidepressant

en-adj

antidepressant (comparative more antidepressant, superlative most antidepressant)

more antidepressant (comparative)
most antidepressant (superlative)

(pharmacology) Preventing or counteracting depression.


antidiuretic

(physiology, medicine) an agent that prevents or counteracts diuresis


shoulders

(anatomy) The two shoulders and the upper portion of the back.


diuresis

en-noun

diuresis (countable and uncountable, plural diureses)

From New Latin diūrēsis, from Ancient Greek διουρέω (diouréō, “to urinate”) + -σις (-sis).
Morphologically, δῐουρέω (dĭouréō) can be analysed as δι- (di-) + οὐρέω (ouréō).

der

(biology, medicine) Excessive production of urine; polyuria.

diuresi

excessive production of urine — see also polyuria

(biology, medicine) (more often) The physiologic process that produces such an increase.

(biology, medicine) (most often) The administration of medications to encourage that process.


antimutagen

(pharmacology) an agent which counteracts one or more mutagens


curette

Borrowed from French curette, from curer (“to clean out, scrape out”).

Curettes are used for the subgingival removal of dental deposits and for root planing. They can also be used supragingivally. The working tip of a curette is more slender than that of a scaler.

2008, Cecilia Gorrel, Small Animal Dentistry, Elsevier (Saunders), page 223:

Beginning in the 1880s, the curette quickly became the popular choice for those doctors on the lookout for instrumental aid in cases of pregnancy loss.

2019, Shannon Withycombe, Lost: Miscarriage in Nineteenth-Century America, Rutgers University Press, unnumbered page:

2020, Yu Matsumoto, 10: Bone Curette Handle for Improved Bone Removal in Endoscopic Ear Surgery, Seiji Kakehata, Tsukasa Ito, Daisuke Yamauchi (editors), Innovations in Endoscopic Ear Surgery, Springer, page 86,
Curettes with an octagonal-shaped shaft are readily available and widely distributed in Japan.

(medicine, dentistry) A hand-held surgical instrument, often with a scoop or hook at its tip, used for cleaning or debriding biological tissue.

مِجْرَفة

surgical instrument used for cleaning tissue


curette

en-verb

curette (third-person singular simple present curettes, present participle curetting, simple past and past participle curetted)

curettes (present singular third-person)
curetting (participle present)
curetted (participle past)
curetted (past)

(transitive, medicine) To scrape with a curette.


STI

For example, in the US army during the 21 months of the war that they were involved in, 6·8 million man days were lost due to STIs, and more than 10% of all disease admissions were for STIs.

2014 November 8, Prof G Dennis Shanks, MD, “How World War 1 changed global attitudes to war and infectious diseases”, in The Lancet, volume 384, number 9955, →DOI, page 1703b of 1699–1707:

This, of course, is something only people with that STI would know. For example, herpes is 437737.

2017 June 24, Arti Patel, “Dating with an STI: 7 ways to navigate the (often harsh) dating world”, in Global News:

Although both acute PID and STIs may remain asymptomatic, some of their shared long-term sequelae are tubal factor infertility (TFI), salpingitis, and adhesions and scarring of the fallopian tubes, ovaries, and surrounding peritoneal tissue. These sequelae have been further identified as factors potentially associated with EOC risk.

2023 December 11, Elizaveta Skarga, Heljä-Marja Surcel, Rudolf Kaaks, Tim Waterboer, Renée T Fortner, “Sexually Transmitted Infections and Risk of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: Results From the Finnish Maternity Cohort”, in The Journal of Infectious Diseases, volume 228, number 11, →DOI, pages 1621–1629:

sexually transmitted infection
sexually transmitted infection#English

(pathology) Initialism of sexually transmitted infection. also S.T.I.

(pathology) Initialism of sexually transmitted illness.


cochlea

Borrowed from Latin cochlea (“a snail”), from Ancient Greek κόχλιας (kókhlias, “a snail with a spiral shell”).

der

(anatomy) The complex, spirally coiled, tapered cavity of the inner ear of higher vertebrates, which contains the organ of Corti and in which sound vibrations are converted into nerve impulses.


infarct

Borrowed from Latin īnfarctus, tu-stem derivation of īnfarciō.

After RSE treatment for 90 days, there was no comparable fibrosis in noninfarct and infarct regions.

2015 December 10, “The Long-Term Consumption of Ginseng Extract Reduces the Susceptibility of Intermediate-Aged Hearts to Acute Ischemia Reperfusion Injury”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(pathology) An area of dead tissue caused by a loss of blood supply; a localized necrosis.


myocardial infarction

en-noun

myocardial infarction (plural myocardial infarctions)

From Late Latin infarctus + French myocarde < from Greek ἔμφραγμα (obstacle) του (of) μυοκαρδίου (heart muscle).

(cardiology, pathology) Necrosis of heart muscle caused by an interruption to the supply of blood to the heart, often as a result of coronary thrombosis.


heart attack

→ Finnish: haartätäkki

Before kick-off, a section of Chelsea's support sadly let themselves and their club down by noisily interrupting the silence held in memory of the Hillsborough disaster and for Livorno midfielder Piermario Morosini, who collapsed and died after suffering a heart attack during a Serie B game on Saturday.

2012 April 15, Phil McNulty, “Tottenham 1-5 Chelsea”, in BBC:

myocardial infarction
myocardial infarction

(cardiology, pathology) An acute myocardial infarction, sometimes fatal, caused by the sudden occurrence of coronary thrombosis, which obstructs the blood supply to the heart and leads to necrosis of heart muscle tissue.


coronary thrombosis

(cardiology, pathology) Thrombosis of a coronary artery, that is, a blockage, caused by a blood clot, of the blood flow in a coronary artery of the heart, leading to myocardial infarction.


embolus

The term was coined in 1848 by Rudolf Virchow From Latin embolus (“piston”), from Ancient Greek ἔμβολος (émbolos, “peg, stopper”).

der

(pathology) An obstruction causing an embolism: a blood clot, air bubble or other matter carried by the bloodstream and causing a blockage or occlusion of a blood vessel.

тромб

an obstruction causing an embolism: a blood clot


embolism

The term was coined in 1848 by Rudolf Virchow. From Old French embolisme (“intercalation of days in a calendar to correct errors”), from Late Latin embolismus, from Ancient Greek ἐμβολισμός (embolismós, “intercalary”), from ἐμβάλλω (embállō, “to insert, throw in”).

(pathology) An obstruction or occlusion of a blood vessel by an embolus, that is by a blood clot, air bubble or other matter that has been transported by the blood stream.


sudden infant death syndrome

en-noun

sudden infant death syndrome (uncountable)

(pathology) The sudden and unexplained death of an infant aged one month to one year, normally while sleeping.


SVG

saphenous vein graft
saphenous vein graft#English

(medicine) Abbreviation of saphenous vein graft.


tigecycline

From [Term?] + -cycline (“tetracycline derivative”).

af

(pharmacology) A glycylcycline antibiotic.


electrocardiogram

/əˌlɛktɹəˈkɑɹdi.əˌɡɹæm/

From electro- + cardio- + -gram, Modelled on German Electrocardiogramm(modern German Elektrokardiogramm)

(cardiology) The recording that an electrocardiograph produces.


cardiogram

(cardiology) The visual output an electrocardiograph produces

kardiogram

the visual output an electrocardiograph produces


harelip

(teratology) A congenital malformation of the upper lip, reminiscent of the mouth of a hare.

兎唇

としん, toshin, いぐち, iguchi, みつくち, mitsukuchi


embryonic

en-adj

embryonic (comparative more embryonic, superlative most embryonic)

more embryonic (comparative)
most embryonic (superlative)

(embryology) Of or relating to an embryo.


precept

en-verb

precept (third-person singular simple present precepts, present participle precepting, simple past and past participle precepted)

precepts (present singular third-person)
precepting (participle present)
precepted (participle past)
precepted (past)

Borrowed from Late Latin praeceptum, form of praecipiō (“to teach”), from Latin prae (“pre-”) + capiō (“take”).

(intransitive, chiefly US, medicine) To act as a preceptor; to teach a physician-in-training by supervising their clinical practice.


antihypertensive

From anti- + hypertensive or anti- + hypertension + -ive.

(pharmacology) An agent that prevents or counteracts hypertension.


antihypertensive

(pharmacology) Preventing or counteracting hypertension.

降壓的 /降压的

preventing or counteracting hypertension


anti-inflammatory

(pharmacology) An agent that prevents or counteracts inflammation.


anti-inflammatory

en-adj

anti-inflammatory (comparative more anti-inflammatory, superlative most anti-inflammatory)

more anti-inflammatory (comparative)
most anti-inflammatory (superlative)

(pharmacology) Preventing or counteracting inflammation.

процізапале́нчы

preventing or counteracting inflammation


pulmonary

Borrowed from Latin pulmōnārius (“of the lungs”), from pulmō (“lung”) + -ārius, from Proto-Indo-European *pléu-mon-. Cognate with Greek πλεμόνι (plemóni), French poumon, Lithuanian plauciai, Polish płuco and Russian пла́вать (plávatʹ, “to swim”).

(anatomy) Pertaining to, having, or affecting the lungs.


tubercle

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-tubercle.wav

tubercle

wartlike protuberance on the roots of some plants

the iliac tubercles

(anatomy) A round nodule, small eminence, or warty outgrowth, especially those found on bones for the attachment of a muscle or ligament or small elevations on the surface of a tooth.

(pathology) A small rounded nodule forming the characteristic lesion of tuberculosis.


antarthritic

(pharmacology) An agent that prevents or alleviates arthritis.


antarthritic

antarthritic (comparative more antarthritic, superlative most antarthritic)

more antarthritic (comparative)
most antarthritic (superlative)

(pharmacology) Preventing or alleviating arthritis.


tetracycline

en-noun

tetracycline (countable and uncountable, plural tetracyclines)

tetracyclines (plural)
tet (abbreviation)

(pharmacology, uncountable) A yellow crystalline broad-spectrum antibiotic C₂₂H₂₄N₂O₈ produced by streptomyces or synthetically.

(pharmacology, countable) Any of a large group of antibiotics with the same general structure derived from tetracene with many hydroxyl and other groups.

tétracycline

antibiotic with the same general structure


vermiform appendix

vermiform appendix (plural vermiform appendices or vermiform appendixes)

vermiform appendices (plural)
vermiform appendixes (plural)

(anatomy) An organ consisting of a blind tube projecting from the caecum. Of disputed function (if any), it is known for sometimes causing inflammation (appendicitis) in humans.

རྒྱུ་ལྷག (rgyu lhag, literally “leftover intestine”)


heparin

heparin (countable and uncountable, plural heparins)

(biochemistry, pharmacology) A compound occurring in the liver and other tissues which inhibits blood coagulation. A sulfur-containing polysaccharide, it is used as an anticoagulant in the treatment of thrombosis.


coeliac

From Latin coeliacus, from Ancient Greek κοιλιακός (koiliakós), from κοιλία (koilía, “belly”). By surface analysis, coel- + -i- + -ac. Cognate with coelom.

Next remove the middle portion of the lesser omentum, and feel for the coeliac axis.

1838, William James Erasmus Wilson, Practical and Surgical Anatomy, page 350:

The coeliac plexus is formed by the two interconnecting coeliac ganglia which lie either side of the coeliac artery.

2002, Colin Pinnock, Ted Lin, Tim Smith, Fundamentals of Anaesthesia, page 218:

The coeliac ganglia lie on each side of the coeliac trunk.

2010, Robert H. Whitaker, Neil R. Borley, Instant Anatomy, page 85:

(anatomy) Relating to the abdomen, or to the cavity of the abdomen.


fluoxetine

From flu(oro)- + ox(y)- + t(oluene) + (am)ine.

af

(pharmacology) A synthetic compound which inhibits the uptake of serotonin in the brain and is taken to treat depression.


gomphosis

From Ancient Greek γόμφος (gómphos, “peg”) + -osis.

(anatomy) A type of fibrous, immovable joint such as the one between the teeth and the alveolar bone.


CHF

congestive heart failure
congestive heart failure#English

(medicine) Initialism of congestive heart failure.


RMP

en-noun

RMP (countable and uncountable, plural RMPs)

(pharmacology) Abbreviation of rifampicin.


PCR

PCR (countable and uncountable, plural PCRs)

(medicine) Initialism of protein/creatinine ratio.


AMS

AMS (countable and uncountable, plural AMSes)

altered mental status
altered mental status#English

(medicine) Initialism of altered mental status.


ADME

(pharmacology) Initialism of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion.


tox

GI tox ― gastrointestinal toxicity

(medicine, informal) Clipping of toxicity.


tox

crashing tox patient

(medicine, informal) Affected by toxin; intoxicated; toxicological.


TI

TI (countable and uncountable, plural TIs)

therapeutic index
therapeutic index#English

(pharmacology) Initialism of therapeutic index.


peritoneum

peritoneum (plural peritoneums or peritonea)

From Latin peritonaeum, from Ancient Greek περιτόναιον (peritónaion), from περιτόναιος (peritónaios, “stretched or strained over”).

(anatomy) In mammals, the serous membrane lining the cavity of the abdomen and that is folded over the viscera.


peritonitis

peritonitis (countable and uncountable, plural peritonitides or peritonites)

peritonitides (plural)
peritonites (plural)

Intraperitoneal injections of a strong solution produce fibrohemorrhagic peritonitis of varying intensity, according to the strength of the solution; while intraperitoneal injections of small quantities of a diluted solution of formalin induce a chronic peritonitis with great connective tissue proliferation, and a striking eosinophilia.

1901 December, E. Q. THORNTON M.D., “PRACTICAL THERAPEUTIC REFERENDUM”, in PROGRESSIVE MEDICINE. A QUARTERLY DIGEST OF ADVANCES DISCOVERIES AND IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEDICAL AND SURGICAL SCIENCES., volume IV, page 363:

(pathology) Inflammation of the peritoneum, especially when caused by an infectious organism introduced into the abdominal cavity.


incisor

Borrowing from New Latin incīsor, from incīdō (“to cut into, cut through”) + -tor (“-er, -or”, agent noun suffix).

af

(anatomy, zootomy) A narrow-edged tooth at the front of the mouth of mammals, between the canines and adapted for cutting; in humans there are four in each jaw.


elastance

en-noun

elastance (countable and uncountable, plural elastances)

Mechanical–electrical analogies
Oliver Heaviside

* From elastic + -ance.
* (physics): Coined by Oliver Heaviside. There is a force–voltage electromechanical analogy in which capacitance corresponds to the inverse of a spring constant; the smaller the spring constant, the more “elastic” (yielding, flexible) the spring is.

(medicine) A measurement of the tendency of the lung, urinary bladder, gallbladder or other cavity to recoil inwards.


AIH

(medicine) Initialism of autoimmune hepatitis.


vena cava

vena cava (plural venae cavae or vena cavas)

venae cavae (plural)
vena cavas (plural)

(anatomy) Either of the two large veins that take oxygen depleted blood, from the upper body and from the lower body, and return it to the right atrium of the heart.

holle ader

large vein that returns blood into right atrium


superior vena cava

superior vena cava (plural superior venae cavae or superior vena cavas)

superior venae cavae (plural)
superior vena cavas (plural)

(anatomy) The large vein which returns blood from the head, neck, thorax and both upper limbs to the right atrium of the heart.


inferior vena cava

inferior vena cava (plural inferior venae cavae)

(anatomy) The large vein which returns blood from the lower extremities, and the pelvic and abdominal organs, to the right atrium of the heart.


jugular vein

(anatomy) Any of several veins on each side of the neck, which drain the brain, face and neck of deoxygenated blood.


deoxygenate

en-verb

deoxygenate (third-person singular simple present deoxygenates, present participle deoxygenating, simple past and past participle deoxygenated)

deoxygenates (present singular third-person)
deoxygenating (participle present)
deoxygenated (participle past)
deoxygenated (past)

(transitive, physiology) To remove dissolved oxygen from (something, such as water or blood).


sphincter

Etymology tree
Late Latin sphinctērlbor.
English sphincter
Learned borrowing from Late Latin sphinctēr (“the muscle of the anus”), from Ancient Greek σφῐγκτήρ (sphĭnktḗr, “lace, band; contractile muscle”), ultimately of Pre-Greek origin. Possibly related to sphinx (“the strangler”).

der

the sphincter of the bladder

the iris sphincter in the eye

She decided that she would force him to climax first by the sheer strength of her young animal control, the strength of her sphincters […]

1982, Lawrence Durrell, Constance (The Avignon Quintet), Faber & Faber, page 836:

(anatomy) A ringlike band of muscle that surrounds a bodily opening (such as the anus or the openings of the stomach), constricting and relaxing as required for normal physiological functioning.


thyroid

Borrowed from New Latin thyreoīdēs, from Ancient Greek θῠρεοειδής (thŭreoeidḗs, “shield-shaped”), from θῠρεός (thŭreós, “oblong shield”) + -ειδής (-eidḗs, “-form, -like”).

af

(anatomy) Of, relating to, or being the thyroid cartilage.

(anatomy) Of, relating to, or being the thyroid gland.

a thyroid personality

Suggestive of a disordered thyroid gland.


thyroid

thyroid cartilage
thyroid cartilage#English

(anatomy) Ellipsis of thyroid cartilage.

Israel is one of the few countries that widely fluoridates, besides the United States, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand and Australia. Fluoridation, the addition of fluoride to public drinking water supplies to reduce cavities, is the subject of intense controversy, especially outside of the United States. But opposition to the practice, on the grounds that fluoride has adverse effects on the thyroid, brain and bones, and is an unethical form of mass-medication, appears to be growing.

2013 August 9, Douglas Main, “Israel Outlaws Water Fluoridation”, in Live Science, retrieved 2013-09-30:

(medicine) An extract prepared from the thyroid gland of animals and used in treating deficiency of thyroid hormones.


thyroid gland

From New Latin glandula thyreoidea, coined by Thomas Wharton in 1656.

(anatomy) A large butterfly-shaped endocrine gland situated on the front of the neck that produces various hormones.


teething

en-noun

teething (countable and uncountable, plural teethings)

But with night feedings and night teethings, often the greatest challenge of all for a young mother is simply fatigue.

2009, Katie Van Dyke, Unlikely Truths of Motherhood:

(physiology) The eruption, through the gums, of the milk teeth; dentition.


SAM

(cardiology) Initialism of systolic anterior motion.


AST

AST (countable and uncountable, plural ASTs)

aspartate transaminase
aspartate transaminase#English

(medicine) Initialism of aspartate transaminase.


endocrine gland

endocrine gland (plural endocrine glands)

An endocrine gland is one that secretes its products directly into the bloodstream.

2019, Bill Bryson, The Body: A Guide for Occupants, Black Swan (2020), page 166:

(anatomy) Any of various glands that secrete hormones directly into the blood or lymph and not through a duct.

glàndula endocrina

any of various glands that secrete hormones directly into the blood or lymph and not through a duct


exocrine gland

(anatomy) Any of various glands which secrete via a duct, typically into the digestive tract or onto the skin.


adrenal gland

(anatomy) In mammals, either of a pair of complex endocrine glands, situated above each kidney, secreting hormones which control the heart rate, blood pressure, and metabolism.

մակերիկամ

endocrine gland situated above the kidney

adrenal körtel

only ever used within the medical profession, never to patients


parathyroid

(anatomy) Situated near the thyroid gland.

(anatomy) Pertaining to the parathyroid glands or their extracts.

paratiroïdal

pertaining to the parathyroid glands or their extracts


parathyroid gland

parathyroid gland (plural parathyroid glands)

(anatomy) Any one of four endocrine glands situated in the neck, usually within a thyroid gland, which produce parathyroid hormone.

qalxanabənzər ətraf vəziləri

any one of four endocrine glands situated in the neck


pineal gland

From pineal + gland, from its pine-cone shape.

(anatomy, neuroanatomy) A small, pinecone-shaped endocrine gland found near the centre of the brain that produces melatonin.


freezer

→ Macanese: friza

(neuroscience, Parkinson's disease) A Parkinson's disease patient that experiences freezing of gait (FOG) episodes.


hidrosis

hidrosis (countable and uncountable, plural hidroses)

From New Latin hidrōsis, from Ancient Greek ἱδρώς (hidrṓs, “sweat”) + -sis; also synchronically held to end in the suffix -osis.

(physiology, medicine) The formation and excretion of sweat.

en:sweating, noun, literally
en:excessive sweating, noun, literally

(physiology, medicine, sometimes more particularly) Excessive sweating; excessive perspiration (more than would be expected in response to a given stimulus; especially when profuse as a symptom of disease or a side effect of a drug).


sudor

(physiology) Sweat; the salty fluid excreted by the sweat glands.


conjunctiva

conjunctiva (plural conjunctivas or conjunctivae)

conjunctivas (plural)
conjunctivae (plural)

From 1540s late Middle English, borrowing from Medieval Latin conjūnctīva (“serving to connect, connective”, feminine), ellipsis of membrāna conjūnctīva (“conjunctive membrane”).

ellipsis

There is a third inner eyelid, highly developed and of beautiful mechanism: this is the nictitating membrane, or "winker" (nictito, I wink), a delicate, elastic, translucent, pearly-white fold of the conjunctiva. While the other lids move vertically and have a horizontal commissure, the winker sweeps horizontally or obliquely across the ball, from the side next the beak to the opposite.

1884, Elliott Coues, “§ 4.—An Introduction to the Anatomy of Birds.”, in Key to North American Birds. […], 2nd edition, Boston, Mass.: Estes and Lauriat, →OCLC, part II (General Ornithology), page 180:

(anatomy) A clear mucous membrane that lines the inner surface of the eyelid and the exposed surface of the eyeball or sclera.


mucous membrane

en-noun

mucous membrane (plural mucous membranes)

(anatomy) A membrane which secretes mucus. It forms the lining of various body passages that communicate with the air, such as the respiratory, genitourinary, and alimentary tracts including the mouth, nasal passages, vagina, and urethra.


serous membrane

serous membrane (plural serous membranes)

(anatomy) A thin membrane that secretes serum and lines certain internal body cavities.

漿膜 /浆膜

thin membrane that secretes serum in body cavity


pericardium

pericardium (plural pericardia or pericardiums)

pericardia (plural)
pericardiums (plural)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek περικάρδιον (perikárdion).

lbor

The Pericardium is sometimes swelled, as overcharged with too great a quantity of Serous Liquor, making a kind of Dropsie […]

1685, Samuel Collins, “Of the Diseases of the Pericardium, and their Cures”, in The Second Volume, containing The Parts of the Middle and Highest Apartiment of Man's Body (And other Animals):

(anatomy, cardiology) A serous membrane that surrounds the heart allowing it to contract.


endocardium

en-noun

endocardium (plural endocardiums or endocardia)

endocardiums (plural)
endocardia (plural)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-endocardium.wav

(anatomy, cardiology) A thin serous membrane that lines the interior of the heart.


sensitivity

sensitivity (countable and uncountable, plural sensitivities)

чуллі́васць

the ability of an organism or organ to respond to external stimuli

(biology) The ability of an organism or organ to respond to external stimuli.

(biology, medicine, of a pathogen) Vulnerability to medical treatment: Synonym of susceptibility.

en:vulnerability of a pathogen to treatment


specificity

From French spécificité. By surface analysis, specific + -ity.

The extent to which a characteristic is specific to a given person, place, or thing; thus:

(medicine) The extent to which a particular diagnostic test is specific for, or a symptom or sign is specific to, a given condition.


bubonic plague

bubonic plague (countable and uncountable, plural bubonic plagues)

Yersinia pestis
Yersinia pestis#Translingual

(pathology) A contagious, often fatal, epidemic disease caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis, transmitted by the bite of fleas from an infected person or rodent, especially a rat, and characterized by delirium, chills, fever, vomiting, diarrhea, and the formation of buboes.


AAS

(biotechnology) Initialism of All-America Selections (an organization that promotes development of new garden seed varieties)

All-America Selections

(health) Initialism of Air Ambulance Service (a UK charity)

(medicine, psychology) Initialism of American Association of Suicidology (an American nonprofit suicide prevention organization)

American Association of Suicidology

(medicine) Initialism of Association for Academic Surgery.


TCA

TCA (countable and uncountable, plural TCAs)

(medicine) Initialism of tricyclic antidepressant.


AV

AV block; AV node

(anatomy, medicine) Initialism of atrioventricular.

AV anastomosis; AV fistula

(anatomy, medicine) Initialism of arteriovenous.


-dan

(pharmacology) Used to form names of pimobendan derivatives used as cardiac stimulants.


lymphatic

en-adj

lymphatic (comparative more lymphatic, superlative most lymphatic)

more lymphatic (comparative)
most lymphatic (superlative)

(anatomy) Pertaining to lymph or the lymphatic system.


lymphatic

(anatomy) A vessel that transports lymph.


lymphatic system

en-noun

lymphatic system (plural lymphatic systems)

(anatomy) In mammals, including humans, a network of lymph vessels and lymph nodes that transport fluid, fats, proteins, and lymphocytes to the bloodstream as lymph, and remove microorganisms and other debris from tissues.

جِهَاز لِمْفَاوِيّ

network of lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes


lymph node

(anatomy, immunology) Each of the small oval bodies of the lymphatic system, distributed along the lymphatic vessels, that are clustered in the armpits, groin, neck, chest and abdomen. They act as filters, with an internal honeycomb of connective tissue filled with lymphocytes and macrophages that collect and destroy bacteria, viruses and foreign matter from lymph. When the body is fighting an infection, these lymphocytes multiply rapidly and produce a characteristic swelling of the lymph nodes.

عُقْدَة لِمْفَاوِيَّة

filtrating oval bodies of the lymphatic system


Wolffian duct

Named after German physiologist Caspar Friedrich Wolff (1733–1794), who described the mesonephros and its ducts in his dissertation in 1759.

named-after

Coordinate term: Müllerian duct

(embryology) A paired structure found in mammals including humans that develops in the early stages of embryonic development and plays a critical role in the formation of internal male reproductive organs; precursor to the vasa deferentia, seminal vesicles, and epididymides.

沃爾夫管 /沃尔夫管

paired structure that develops in the early stages of embryonic development


eye socket

(anatomy, ophthalmology) The bony cavity which contains the eyeball and its associated muscles, vessels, and nerves. In humans, seven bones make up each bony orbit.


RNAi

RNA interference
RNA interference#English

(genetics) Initialism of RNA interference.


tr.

en-noun

tr. (countable and uncountable, plural trr.)

(medicine) Abbreviation of tinctura (Latin for “tincture”).


pinna

From Latin pinna (“dorsal fin; wing, feather”). Doublet of pen, penna, and panne.

der

Meronyms: antihelix, antitragus, concha, helix, tragus

(anatomy, zoology) The visible part of the ear in most therians that resides outside of the head, the auricle; outer ear excluding the ear canal.


tenderness

en-noun

tenderness (countable and uncountable, plural tendernesses)

He noted her extreme tenderness when he touched the bruise on her thigh.

(medicine, pathology) A pain or discomfort when an affected area is touched.


ectoplasm

ectoplasm (countable and uncountable, plural ectoplasms)

From ecto- (“outside”) + plasm (from Ancient Greek πλᾰ́σμᾰ (plắsmă, “something that is formed”)), referring to the fact that ectoplasm is believed to emanate from and materialize outside of the medium's body.

prefix

from Ancient Greek <i class="Polyt mention" lang="grc">πλᾰ́σμᾰ</i> (plắsmă, “something that is formed”)

(cytology) The outer granule-free layer of cytoplasm.

ectoplasma

cytology: the outer granule-free layer of cytoplasm


PP

en-noun

PP (countable and uncountable, plural PPs)

precocious puberty
w:en:precocious puberty

(medicine) Initialism of precocious puberty.

prone positioning
prone positioning#English

(medicine) Abbreviation of prone positioning (“proning”).


antimitotic

(pharmacology, cytology) Preventing or disrupting mitosis.


antimitotic

(pharmacology) An agent that prevents or disrupts mitosis.

antimitotique

an agent that prevents or disrupts mitosis


mitosis

mitosis (countable and uncountable, plural mitoses)

From German Mitose, from Ancient Greek μίτος (mítos, “thread”) + -osis, probably in reference to the thread-like chromatin seen during mitosis.

Meronyms: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

Coordinate term: meiosis

en:division of nucleus and often of cell, with euploid results

(cytology) The division of a cell nucleus in which the genome is copied and separated into two identical halves. It is normally followed by cell division.


paraplegia

paraplegia (countable and uncountable, plural paraplegias)

From New Latin paraplegia, from Ancient Greek παραπληγίη (paraplēgíē), Ionic Greek for παραπληξία (paraplēxía, “paralysis on one side”), from παραπλήσσεσθαι (paraplḗssesthai, “to be stricken on one side”), active παραπλήσσειν (paraplḗssein, “to strike on one side”), from παρά (pará, “beside”) + πλήσσειν (plḗssein, “to strike”).

(pathology) A condition where the lower half of a patient's body is paralyzed and cannot move.


psychiatry

psychiatry (usually uncountable, plural psychiatries)

First attested in 1846. From French psychiatrie, from Medieval Latin psychiatria. By surface analysis, psych- + -iatry.

(medicine) The branch of medicine that focuses on mental and behavioral health by subjectively diagnosing, treating, or preventing mental disorders (mental illnesses) and behavioural conditions.

психиатрие

branch of medicine dealing with mental disorders


junk DNA

junk DNA (usually uncountable, plural junk DNAs)

(genetics) Any portion of the DNA sequence of a chromosome or a genome with no apparent function identified by science to date.

ADN poubelle

portion of DNA that has no identified function


hyperventilation

hyperventilation (countable and uncountable, plural hyperventilations)

As artificial hyperventilation is advocated in the treatment of raised intracranial pressure, it must be questioned where to set the limit beyond which hypocapnically induced cerebral tissue hypoxia may occur.

2012, H. Penzholz, M. Brock, J. Hamer, Brain Hypoxia: Pain, →ISBN, page 42:

(medicine, pulmonology) The state of breathing faster or deeper than necessary.


sinusitis

sinusitis (usually uncountable, plural sinusitises or sinusitides)

sinusitises (plural)
sinusitides (plural)

(pathology) An inflammation of one or more paranasal sinuses.


ansa

Borrowed from Latin ānsa (“a handle, haft”).


electrolyte

electrolyte (countable and uncountable, plural electrolytes)

From electro- + -lyte, from electrolysis. Coined by British scientist Michael Faraday in 1834.

coin

Lab tests to consider under these circumstances include serum electrolytes, serum glucose, and urine protein.

(chemistry, often) Any of the various ions in such a solution, or (metonymically) their concentration therein.

(physiology, medicine) Any of the various biometal ions (such as sodium or chloride) that regulate the electric charge on cells and the flow of water across their membranes, or (metonymically) such an ion's concentration in a bodily fluid, usually and especially blood, blood serum, or urine.

elektrolyytti

ion that regulates the electric charge on cells and the flow of water across their membranes


asymptomatic

PIE word
 *ḱóm
The adjective is derived from a- (prefix meaning ‘not’) + symptomatic. The noun is derived from the adjective.

physical examination
physical examination

(medicine) Not exhibiting any symptoms of disease, as for example in a case which is subclinical (“without signs detectable by physical examination or laboratory test”).


asymptomatic

oireeton

person or animal that exhibits no symptoms of disease; people or animals that exhibit no symptoms of disease regarded collectively

After a 10-day observation period, group 1 was divided into subgroup 1A (symptomatics) and subgroup 1B (asymptomatics).

[S]uch a high adult prevalence of parasites emphasises the relevance of the adult malaria parasite reservoir on the transmission of disease in both children and adults and it supports the need for further consideration and research evaluation of treatment of asymptomatics, including approaches such as intermittent screening and treatment (IST) as part of an integrated malaria control programme, if malaria elimination is to be achieved.

2015 July 8, Rachel Jenkins [et al.], “Prevalence of Malaria Parasites in Adults and Its Determinants in Malaria Endemic Area of Kisumu County, Kenya”, in Malaria Journal, volume 14, London: BioMed Central, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC, article 263, page 5, column 2:

A person or an animal that exhibits no symptoms of disease.

At the end of the observation period, those who are still symptomatic require second-line treatment, whereas the asymptomatic are discharged.

Preceded by the: people or animals that exhibit no symptoms of disease regarded collectively.


Fallopian tube

Early 18th century: from Fallopius (“latinized form of the name of Gabriele Falloppio (1523 – October 9, 1562), the Italian anatomist and physician who first described them”) + -an + tube.

suf

(anatomy) Either of the two ducts through which ova pass from the ovaries to the uterus.

Müllerian duct - embryological precursor


oviduct

Borrowed from New Latin oviductus. By surface analysis, ovi- + -duct.

(anatomy, typically used in zoology) A duct through which an ovum passes from an ovary to the uterus or to the exterior.


spherocyte

(cytology) A red blood cell that is spherical rather than biconcave, as occurs in spherocytosis


erected

en-adj

erected (comparative more erected, superlative most erected)

more erected (comparative)
most erected (superlative)

The clitoris was two inches long [5 cm], and in some instances resembled a common-sized thumb. When viewed at some distance the end appeared round and of a red color, but upon closer examination was found to be more pointed than that of a penis, and having neither prepuce nor perforation; when handled it became erected, and was in that state fully 3 inches long and much thicker than before.

2000 April 23, Serial #, “20inch biceps or clit”, in alt.amazon-women.admirers (Usenet):

The preputial fold disappears as it is applied to the erected penis

2003, Klaus-Dieter Budras, W. O. Sack, Sabine Rock, Anatomy of the Horse: An Illustrated Text, Schlütersche, →ISBN, page 78:

The heat in the room was now more than sufficient; Mark studied her erected nipples. Still cold honey, he asked her?

2018 May 14, Jason Kondrath, Yes Master: Rise of the Witch, Lulu.com, →ISBN:


Caesar

en-noun

Caesar (plural Caesars or (title) Caesares)

From Latin Caesar. Displaced Old English cāsere, which would have yielded *caser, *coser, and Middle English keiser, kaiser, from Old Norse and continental Germanic languages. All ultimately from the same Latin root. (See also Kaiser and tsar.)

Caesarean section
Caesarean section#English

(medicine, colloquial) Short for Caesarean section.


saddle

→ Japanese: サドル (sadoru)

Homer Tunnel
Milford Sound
Oxford English Dictionary

From Middle English sadel, from Old English sadol, from Proto-West Germanic *sadul, from Proto-Germanic *sadulaz (“saddle”). Further etymology uncertain, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *sod-dʰlo-, from *sed- (“to sit”) + *-dʰlom (a variant of *-trom (suffix forming nouns denoting instruments or tools)), though the Oxford English Dictionary says this “presents formal difficulties”.
Cognates
* Danish sadel
* Dutch zadel
* German Sattel
* Icelandic söðull
* Low German Sadel
* Russian седло́ (sedló)
* Saterland Frisian Soadel
* Scots sadil
* Swedish sadel
* West Frisian seal

saal

seat for a rider placed on the back of a horse or other animal

satula

something resembling a saddle in appearance or shape

satula

depression located along the axial trend of an anticline

Something resembling a saddle (sense 1) in appearance or shape.

(dentistry) The part of a denture which holds the artificial teeth.


paries

Borrowed from Latin pariēs (“wall of a house or room”). Compare French paroi (“wall”), Italian parete (“wall”), Portuguese parede (“wall”) Spanish pared (“wall”) and Romanian perete (“wall”).

bor

(anatomy) The wall of any cavity in the body.


philtrum

Borrowed from the Latin philtrum (“a love potion”), from Ancient Greek φῐ́λτρον (phĭ́ltron, “a love charm; the dimple in the upper lip”). Doublet of philter.

Oral intercommissural distance (mouth width) and philtrum length are useful measurements for diagnosis of wide or large mouth (macrostomia), small mouth (microstomia), long philtrum and short philtrum and form ‘good handles’ in syndromic delineation.

2005, M. L. Kulkarni, Physical Examination of Children (Clinical Methods in Paediatrics; 2B), India: Jaypee Brothers, page 142:

Upper lip reconstruction is more difficult than lower lip reconstruction because the upper lip has a central structure, the philtrum.[…]Wounds adjacent to the philtrum that are closed primarily may shift the philtrum to the affected side. However, with time, the philtrum will tend to return to its midline position.

2007, Loren J. Borud, Arin K. Greene, “Chapter 24: Lip Reconstruction”, in Josef E. Fischer, Kirby I. Bland, Mark P. Callery, editors, Mastery of Surgery, 5th edition, volume 1, page 301, column 3:

If the philtrum is long and deep, then these people are very romantic, sexual, lively and friendly.

2011, Hrishikesh Dubey, Mysteries of Vedic Face Reading, Categorization of the Philtrum According to Its Length:

(anatomy) The shallow vertical groove running from the nasal septum to the center of the upper lip.


systolic

systolic blood pressure
systolic blood pressure#English

(medicine, colloquial) Short for systolic blood pressure.


diastole

en-noun

diastole (usually uncountable, plural diastoles)

From Ancient Greek διαστολή (diastolḗ, “separation, drawing asunder”), from διά (diá, “apart”) + στέλλειν (stéllein, “send”).

der

[…] I did almoſt beleeve, that the motion of the Heart vvas knovvn to God alone: For neither could I rightly diſtinguiſh, vvhich vvay the Diaſtole and Systole came to be, nor vvhen nor vvhere the dilation and conſtriction had its exiſtence.

1653, William Harvey, “The Causes which Mov’d the Author to Write”, in [anonymous], transl., The Anatomical Exercises of Dr. William Harvey […] Concerning the Motion of the Heart and Blood. […], London: […] Francis Leach, for Richard Lownes […], →OCLC, pages 1–2:

In patients with rapid rates, diastole may be sufficiently shortened that the third and fourth heart sounds become superimposed and form a summation gallop.

2005, Richard H. Vagelos, Rachel Marcus, J. Edwin Atwood, “35: Signs, Symptoms, and Laboratory Abnormalities in Cardiovascular Diseases”, in Robert M. Wachter, Lee Goldman, Harry Hollander, editors, Hospital Medicine, 2nd edition, page 309:

Of the total cardiac cycle at this rate, diastole accounts for 0.50 s, or 62% of the cycle, and systole accounts for 0.31 s, or 38%.

2008, Jack H. Wilmore, David L. Costill, W. Larry Kenney, Physiology of Sport and Exercise, page 132:

During a short cycle or premature contraction, LV ejection begins before pressure in the aorta has completely decreased, and it remains higher than with longer diastoles [4, 5].

2011, Julian Maizel, Michel Slama, “9: Hermodynamic Evaluation in the Patient with Arrhythmias”, in Daniel de Backer, Bernard P. Cholley, Michel Slama, Antoine Vieillard-Baron, Philippe Vignon, editors, Hemodynamic Monitoring Using Echocardiography in the Critically Ill, Springer, page 90:

(chiefly uncountable, physiology) The phase or process of relaxation and dilation of the heart chambers, between contractions, during which they fill with blood; an instance of the process.


diastolic

diastolic blood pressure
diastolic blood pressure#English

(medicine, colloquial) Short for diastolic blood pressure.


diastolic blood pressure

en-noun

diastolic blood pressure (countable and uncountable, plural diastolic blood pressures)

(physiology) The lowest pressure within the bloodstream, occurring between heart beats, because of a diastole.


systolic blood pressure

systolic blood pressure (countable and uncountable, plural systolic blood pressures)

(physiology) The highest pressure within the bloodstream, occurring during each heart beat, because of the systole.


HGV

(rare, pathology, virology) Abbreviation of hepatitis G virus.


proboscis

proboscis (plural proboscises or proboscides or probosces)

proboscises (plural)
proboscides (plural)
probosces (plural)

From Latin proboscis, from Ancient Greek προβοσκίς (proboskís, “elephant's trunk”) literally "means for taking food," from προ- (pro-, “before”) + βόσκω (bóskō, “to nourish, feed”), from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʷeh₃- from which also comes βοτάνη (botánē, “grass, fodder”).

affix

Unlike the proboscides of Lower brachyceran lineages, which are continuous with the head capsule and tend to dangle (Matsuda 1965), the proboscides of most cyclorrhaphan species are suspended by a membranous region and divided into three functional parts: the basiproboscis (rostrum), medioproboscis (haustellum), and distiproboscis (labellum), each of which is defined by internal muscles but also shares muscles with the other regions (Graham-Smith 1930; Lall and Davies 1971).

2012, Brian Wiegmann, The Evolutionary Biology of Flies, page 225:

(anatomy) An elongated tube from the head or connected to the mouth, of an animal.

(entomology, malacology) The tubular feeding and sucking organ of certain invertebrates like insects, worms and molluscs.


plexus

en-noun

plexus (plural plexuses or plexus or plexi)

plexuses (plural)
plexus (plural)
plexi (plural)

Borrowed from Latin plexus (“a twining, plaiting, braid”).

bor

I have the sensation of being immersed in the very plexus of life, focal from whatever place, position or attitude I take my stance.

1934, Henry Miller, Tropic of Cancer, Grove Press, published 1961:

(anatomy) A network of anastomosing or interwoven nerves, blood vessels, or lymphatic vessels.


pian

Borrowed from Portuguese piã, Spanish pian, or French pian, said to be from a Tupi-Guarani word.


extort

en-verb

extort (third-person singular simple present extorts, present participle extorting, simple past and past participle extorted)

extorts (present singular third-person)
extorting (participle present)
extorted (participle past)
extorted (past)

Borrowed from Latin extortus, past participle of extorquere (“to twist or wrench out, to extort”); from ex (“out”) + -tort, from torqueō (“twist, turn”).

(transitive and intransitive, medicine, ophthalmology) To twist outwards.


torsion

en-noun

torsion (countable and uncountable, plural torsions)

From Middle English torcion, from Middle French torsion, from Late Latin torsiōnem, from Latin tortiō, from torqueō (“twist, turn”). See torture, -tort.

(medicine) A type of holistic complimentary medicine that involves balancing theoretical energy fields through energy healing, meditation, and similar practices.

(surgery) The stopping of arterial haemorrhage in certain cases, by twisting the cut end of the artery.


solar plexus

solar plexus (plural solar plexus or solar plexuses)

solar plexus (plural)
solar plexuses (plural)

(anatomy) A complex network of nerves and ganglia, located within the abdomen behind the stomach.

слънчево сплетение

a complex network of nerves and ganglia, located within the abdomen behind the stomach


homeostasis

homeostasis (countable and uncountable, plural homeostases)

Coined from Ancient Greek ὅμοιος (hómoios, “similar, the same”) + -stasis by Walter Bradford Cannon, from Ancient Greek στάσις (stásis, “standing, state”).

der

His most important work concentrated on the complexities of chemical neurotransmission (for which Otto Loewi received a Nobel Prize in 1936) and on “homeostasis” (a term coined by Cannon in 1926), the maintenance of steady states in the body and the physiological processes through which they are regulated.

2002, "Walter Bradford Cannon" in American Journal of Physiology, 92(10):1594-5, DOI 10.2105/AJPH.92.10.1594

When homeostasis is disrupted by an external stressor - such as injury, lack of nutrients, or invasion by parasites or other organisms - illness may occur.

2011, Professional Guide to Pathophysiology, Lippincott, Williams, & Wilkins, page 1

(physiology) The ability of a system or living organism to adjust its internal environment to maintain a state of dynamic constancy; such as the ability of warm-blooded animals to maintain a stable temperature.

تَجَانُس

ability to stabilize internal environment


cerebrum

Inherited from Middle English cerebrum, from Latin cerebrum (“a brain; a skull”); see there for more.

Holonym: forebrain

(neuroanatomy) The principal and most anterior part of the brain in vertebrates, which is located in the front area of the skull and divided into two hemispheres, left and right, separated by a fissure. In humans it is the largest part of the brain and is responsible for the integration of complex sensory functions and the initiation and coordination of voluntary activity, and the higher mental functions such as consciousness, thought, reason, emotion, and memory.


hypoxia

en-noun

hypoxia (countable and uncountable, plural hypoxias)

(pathology) A condition in which tissues are deprived of an adequate supply of oxygen .

недостиг на кислород

condition in which tissues are deprived of oxygen


anoxia

anoxia (usually uncountable, plural anoxias)

From an- (prefix meaning ‘lacking, without’) + ox- (meaning ‘oxygen’) + -ia (suffix forming names of diseases).

affix

(ecology, pathology) A condition in which a body tissue or an environment is severely or totally deprived of oxygen; severe hypoxia.


hyperoxia

By surface analysis, hyper- + ox- + -ia.

Coordinate term: normoxia

(medicine) A condition caused by an excess of oxygen in tissues; the excess itself.


pathological

en-adj

pathological (comparative more pathological, superlative most pathological)

more pathological (comparative)
most pathological (superlative)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-pathological.wav

But we can no longer regard the mere fact of these diffuse condensations of the lung becoming yellow and caseous as an evidence of their tuberculous nature, especially since the pathological anatomists, and among them Virchow, have shown that formations of the most different kind, having not the slightest connection with tubercule— as, for example, old cancerous masses, lymphatic glands swollen by a hyperplasia of cells, hæmorrhagical infarctions, abscesses, &c.— undergo exactly the same caseous transformation.

1868, Felix von Niemeyer, J. L Parke, Clinical Lectures on Pulmonary Phthisis, Moorhead, Simpson & Bond, page 3:

Paul Canning's performance as Julian gives the character an emotional center that is not in the script: He is vulnerable without being pathological, needy without being pathetic.

1981 April 18, Michael Bronski, “Good Production -- Bad Play”, in Gay Community News, page 10:

(medicine) Relating to, amounting to, or caused by a physical or mental disorder.

patologjik

relating to or caused by a physical or mental disorder


floater

From float + -er (suffix forming agent nouns).

kelluja

person who physically floats in a gas or liquid

paikanvaihtaja

person without a fixed or lasting affiliation, position, or role

leijuri

thing which moves from place to place, as if floating

A thing which physically floats in a gas or liquid.

(ophthalmology) A threadlike speck in the visual field which seems to move, possibly caused by degeneration of the vitreous humour of the eye.


aposthia

From a- + Ancient Greek πόσθη (pósthē) + -ia.

(medicine, pathology) Congenital absence of a foreskin.


lead poisoning

en-noun

lead poisoning (countable and uncountable, plural lead poisonings)

(pathology) A chronic intoxication produced by the absorption of lead into the body, characterized by severe colicky pains, a dark line along the gums, and local muscular paralysis.


spermatozoon

/ˌspɜːmətə(ʊ)ˈzəʊɒn/

From Ancient Greek σπέρμα (spérma, “sperm”) + ζῷον (zôion, “living thing”).

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But let us suppose [...] that one hardy or lucky spermatozoon has reached the waiting egg.

2019, Bill Bryson, The Body: A Guide for Occupants, Black Swan (2020), page 339:

(cytology) A reproductive cell or gamete of a male, carried in semen, that fertilizes an ovum to produce a zygote.


neuropathy

en-noun

neuropathy (countable and uncountable, plural neuropathies)

idegbaj

in increasing order of informality and looseness

neurosis

morphologically parallel but semantically divergent

Long-standing diabetes often causes neuropathy in the retinas, fingertips, and toes.

peripheral nervous system
peripheral nervous system

(medicine) Any disease of the peripheral nervous system; peripheral neuropathy.

the contribution of central neuropathy on postural impairment observed in diabetic patients with peripheral neuropathy

insights into the underlying molecular pathogenesis of diabetes-induced CNS neuropathy

(medicine) Any disease of the nerves and nervous system, usually and more specifically the peripheral nervous system, thus including both non-neuraxial and neuraxial instances of neural damage or dysfunction but excluding the neuraxis's psychiatric aspects (mental illnesses).


vitreous humour

vitreous humour (plural vitreous humours)

(ophthalmology, British, Canada) The clear gel that fills the eyeball between the lens and the retina.


animalcule

Learned borrowing from Late Latin animalculum (“lowly or small animal”) + English -cule (diminutive suffix). Animalculum is derived from Latin animal (“animal; living creature”) + -culum (diminutive suffix); and animal from animāle, the nominative neuter singular of animālis (“animate, living; relating to living creatures”), from anima (“breath; life; soul, spirit”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂enh₁- (“to breathe”)) + -ālis (suffix forming adjectives of relationship). The English word is analysable as animal + -cule.

der

[Antonie van] Leeuwenhoek's most mysterious finding was yet to come, however. Inside the animalcules in the thickest part of the semen he saw / all manner of great and small vessels, so various and so numerous that I do not doubt that they be nerves, arteries and veins. …

2001, David M. Friedman, “The Gear Shift”, in A Mind of Its Own: A Cultural History of the Penis, New York, N.Y.: The Free Press, →ISBN, page 76:

(physiology, historical) A sperm cell or spermatozoon; also, the embryo that was formerly thought to be contained inside a spermatozoon in a fully developed state.


gametocyte

(cytology) A diploid germ cell that divides by meiosis into a gamete.


germ cell

(cytology) A cell that is part of the germ line: a gametocyte, an ovum or a sperm cell.


spermatocyte

The spermatogonia continue to reside in the gonocyst and form spermatocyte, which begins to increase in size.

2013, Rabindra N. Chatterjee, Lucas Sanchez, Genome Analysis in Eukaryotes, page 71:

Fragments of laminin chains can act as biologically active peptides to perturb the blood–testis barrier (BTB) permeability function by accelerating protein endocytosis (e.g., occludin) at the site, thereby destabilizing the BTB integrity to facilitate the transit of preleptotene spermatocytes.

2015 August 26, “A Catalog of Proteins Expressed in the AG Secreted Fluid during the Mature Phase of the Chinese Mitten Crabs ( Eriocheir sinensis )”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(cytology) A male gametocyte, from which a spermatozoon develops.


diploid

(genetics) Of a cell, having a pair of each type of chromosome, one of the pair being derived from the ovum and the other from the spermatozoon. Most somatic cells of higher organisms are diploid.

diploide

of a cell, having a pair of each type of chromosome

(genetics) Of an organism, having diploid cells.


haploid

en:genetics, broad sense, defined by typical gamete karyotype for the organism

(genetics, loosely) Having the number of chromosomes that a typical gamete has (in the given organism), namely, half the number that a typical somatic cell has (in the given organism).

Examples of haploid cells are prokaryotes and the gametes of eukaryotes.

en:genetics, strict sense, defined by typical gamete karyotype for most organisms

(genetics, strictly) Having a single set of unpaired chromosomes (which is the number that a typical gamete has in many organisms although not all).

haploide

having a single set of unpaired chromosomes