Behçet's syndrome

Behçet's disease
Behçet's disease#English

(pathology, archaic) Synonym of Behçet's disease


Behçet's disease

Named after Turkish dermatologist Hulusi Behçet (1889–1948), who studied the disease in 1924.

named-after

(pathology) A multi-system disorder involving ulcerations on the mouth and sometimes the genitals, notorious for causing hypopyon uveitis (actually a rare symptom).


compensatory

Borrowed from French compensatoire. By surface analysis, compensate + -ory.

(genetics) That compensates for a deleterious mutation


cachexia

en-noun

cachexia (countable and uncountable, plural cachexias or cachexiae)

From Late Latin cachexia or French cachexie, from Ancient Greek καχεξία (kakhexía), from κακός (kakós, “bad; injurious”) + ἕξῐς (héxĭs, “act of having; habit or state of body”) (ultimately from ἔχω (ékhō, “to have”)) + -ῐᾰ (-ĭă, suffix added to adjectives to form abstract nouns).

refn

From William H[eiskell] Deaderick (1909) “Clinical History”, in A Practical Study of Malaria, Philadelphia, Pa., London: W. B. Saunders Company, →OCLC, figures 62–66 between pages 238 and 239.

Coordinate term: sarcopenia

An handful of the Leavs or Roots [of garden succory] boyled in Wine or Water, and a draught thereof drunk faſting, […] helpeth the yellow Jaundice, the Heat of the Reins and of the Urin, and the Dropſie also, and thoſe that have an evil Diſpoſition in their Bodies by reaſon of long ſickneſs, evil Diet &c., which the Greeks call Καχεξία, Cachexia.

1652, Nich[olas] Culpeper, “Succory”, in The English Physitian: Or An Astrologo-physical Discourse of the Vulgar Herbs of This Nation. […], London: […] Peter Cole, […], →OCLC, pages 223–224:

[T]he intimate nature of cachexia is a deterioration in the qualities of blood, a favourite doctrine with the humoral pathologists, in support of which many very powerful arguments might still be adduced.

1830, George Gregory, Daniel L. M. Peixotto, “Cachexia and Scurvy”, in Elements of the Theory and Practice of Physic, […], 1st New York edition, New York, N.Y.: Published by M. Sherman, →OCLC, page 518:

If we have hitherto no approach to a physiological expression for those autopathic cachexiæ in which gout, scrofula, and cancer respectively originate, let it be observed that our faculty of analogical interpretation remains inert, in respect of these and many other disorders, only for want of a correct and comprehensive hæmatology.

1848 April 21, “Importance of a Precise Knowledge of the Composition of Blood in the Investigation of Disease”, in The London Medical Gazette, or Journal of Practical Medicine, volume XLI (New Series, volume VI), number 1064, London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, […], →OCLC, page 676:

One must take note, as well, of the difference between clinical accounts and clinical-pathological accounts. That is, one must distinguish among: 1) classifications based on clinical findings, such as those advanced by Sydenham and Sauvages, which grouped illnesses under such basic rubrics as fevers, fluxes, cachexias, weaknesses, etc.; […]

1977, H[ugo] Tristram Englehardt, Jr., “Closing Remarks”, in H. Tristram Englehardt, Jr., Stuart F. Spicker, Bernard Towers, editors, Clinical Judgment: A Critical Appraisal: […] (Philosophy and Medicine; 6), Dordrecht: D. Reidel Publishing Company, →ISBN, page 266:

Cancer cachexia is a complex metabolic process, due to both host and tumor factors, which results in excess catabolism as well as aberrant fat and carbohydrate metabolism.

2007, Toby C. Campbell, Jamie H. Von Roenn, “Anorexia/Weight Loss”, in Ann M. Berger, John L. Shuster, Jr., Jamie H. Von Roenn, editors, Principles and Practice of Palliative Care and Supportive Oncology, 3rd edition, Philadelphia, Pa.: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, →ISBN, part C (Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Syndromes), page 125:

Cancer cachexia is a complex syndrome clinically manifest by progressive involuntary weight loss and diminished food intake and characterized by a variety of biochemical alterations.

2007, Lawrence E. Harrison, “Nutritional Support for the Cancer Patient”, in Alfred E. Chang, Patricia A. Ganz, Daniel F. Hayes, Timothy Kinsella, Harvey I. Pass, Joan H. Schiller, Richard M. Stone, Victor Strecher, editors, Oncology: An Evidence-based Approach, New York, N.Y.: Springer Science+Business Media, →ISBN, page 1488:

Preoperative nutritional therapy in CHF [congestive heart failure] patients with cachexia is associated with improved postoperative survival rates. Hence, identifying susceptible patients and intervening prior to development of cardiac cachexia is necessary.

2008, Roopa Vemulapalli, Jennifer Tomesko, “Cardiothoracic Nutrition”, in Mary Marian, Mary Russell, Scott A[lan] Shikora, Clinical Nutrition for Surgical Patients, Sudbury, Mass., Mississauga, Ont., London: Jones and Bartlett Publishers, →ISBN, page 84:

While sarcopenia occurs very commonly with aging, cachexia occurs mainly in association with acute or chronic disease.

2009, Connie Watkins Bales, Christine Seel Ritchie, “Redefining Nutritional Frailty: Interventions for Weight Loss Due to Undernutrition”, in Connie Watkins Bales, Christine Seel Ritchie, editors, Handbook of Clinical Nutrition and Aging (Nutrition & Health), 2nd edition, New York, N.Y.: Humana Press, →DOI, →ISBN, part II (Fundamentals of Nutrition and Geriatric Syndromes), figure 9.1 caption, page 158:

(pathology) A systemic wasting of muscle tissue, with or without loss of fat mass, that accompanies a chronic disease.

متلازمة الهزال

systemic wasting of muscle tissue that accompanies a chronic disease


occipital

Borrowing from Middle French occipital, from Medieval Latin occipitālis, from occiput (“the back of the head, occiput”) + -ālis (“-al”, adjectival suffix), equivalent of occiput + -al. Doublet of occipitalis.

af

(anatomy) Of, pertaining to, or located within or near the occiput (back of the head) or the occipital bone.

тилов

of or pertaining to the occiput or occipital bone


ischæmia

(cardiology, pathology) Obsolete spelling of ischemia.


reciliation

(cytology) The reformation of cilia in a damaged ciliate cell.


gastric cancer

en-noun

gastric cancer (countable and uncountable, plural gastric cancers)


stomach cancer

stomach cancer (countable and uncountable, plural stomach cancers)


bleeder

Ligate or cauterize small subcutaneous bleeders and identify the linea alba.

2013, Theresa Welch Fossum, Small Animal Surgery Textbook:

(surgery) A blood vessel that requires cauterization etc. to stop it from bleeding during surgery.


spinal tap

Then they tested my spinal column. They gave me a spinal tap even.

2017, Sam Shepard, Spy of the First Person, →ISBN, page 5:

(medicine, colloquial) Lumbar puncture (LP).


lumbar puncture

lumbar puncture (plural lumbar punctures)

(medicine) A diagnostic and at times therapeutic procedure performed to collect a sample of cerebrospinal fluid for biochemical, microbiological, and cytological analysis, or rarely to relieve increased intracranial pressure.

بَزْل قَطَنِيّ

procedure to collect cerebrospinal fluid


cerebrospinal fluid

cerebrospinal fluid (countable and uncountable, plural cerebrospinal fluids)

(medicine) A clear bodily fluid in the form of a very pure saline solution with microglia that occupies the subarachnoid space in the brain (between the skull and the cerebral cortex), and which acts as a cushion or buffer for the cortex.

interthalamic adhesion
interthalamic adhesion

(neuroanatomy) A bodily fluid filling the third ventricle and surrounding the interthalamic adhesion.


constrictor

constrictor (plural constrictors or constrictores)

constrictors (plural)
constrictores (plural)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-constrictor.wav

Borrowed from New Latin cōnstrictor, or from constrict + -or.

(anatomy) A muscle whose contraction narrows a vessel or passage or compresses an organ.

pharyngeal constrictor
pharyngeal constrictor#English

(anatomy) Each of the muscles which constrict the pharynx; ellipsis of pharyngeal constrictor..


entorhinal cortex

entorhinal cortex (plural entorhinal cortexes or entorhinal cortices)

entorhinal cortexes (plural)
entorhinal cortices (plural)
as: EC (abbreviation)

(anatomy) A part of the brain which, together with the hippocampus, is important to memory functions


retrotransposition

retrotransposition (countable and uncountable, plural retrotranspositions)

(genetics) The reverse transposition of an RNA intermediate.


retrotransposon

(genetics) A transposable fragment of a genome that can undergo retrotransposition.


transversion

transversion (countable and uncountable, plural transversions)

(genetics) A point mutation in which a purine is replaced with a pyrimidine, or vice versa


point mutation

(genetics) A mutation that involves the replacement, addition or deletion of a small number of bases (especially just one) at a specific site within a gene.

puntmutatie

mutation involving a small number of bases


holandric

(genetics, of a trait) Encoded by genes on the Y chromosome and thus transmitted from father to son.


contracture

contracture (countable and uncountable, plural contractures)

From French contracture, from Latin contractura.

Even if in the initial phase of acute hand burn injury all treatment measures have been executed properly, postburn deformities still occur and are the most common cause of skin contracture in the hand. Postburn scarring and contractures affect the function as well as the aesthetic appearance of the hand and remain the most frustrating late complication of a hand burn.

2010, Scott W. Wolfe, William C. Pederson, Robert N. Hotchkiss, Green's Operative Hand Surgery, Sixth Edition, page 2099:

In general, the technique resulted in faster healing, less car formation, and less contracture than pinch grafting.

2022, Lindsey Fitzharris, The Facemaker, page 149:

(medicine) An abnormal, sometimes permanent, contraction of a muscle or skin; a deformity so caused.


recruitment

recruitment (countable and uncountable, plural recruitments)

From recruit + -ment. French recrutement.

(physiology) The full aeration of a lung.

(medicine) Opening of collapsed lung alveoli by means of controlled increase in transpulmonary pressure using mechanical ventilation. (treatment strategy for ARDS)

(medicine) A physical condition of the inner ear that leads to reduced tolerance of loudness, commonly occurring in those with hearing loss due to cochlear damage.


asthma attack

(medicine) An incident wherein a person who suffers intermittent experiences of bronchioconstriction undergoes such an experience, usually with a sudden onset.


hyperplasia

hyperplasia (countable and uncountable, plural hyperplasias)

But we can no longer regard the mere fact of these diffuse condensations of the lung becoming yellow and caseous as an evidence of their tuberculous nature, especially since the pathological anatomists, and among them Virchow, have shown that formations of the most different kind, having not the slightest connection with tubercule— as, for example, old cancerous masses, lymphatic glands swollen by a hyperplasia of cells, hæmorrhagical infarctions, abscesses, &c.— undergo exactly the same caseous transformation.

1868, Felix von Niemeyer, J. L Parke, Clinical Lectures on Pulmonary Phthisis, Moorhead, Simpson & Bond, page 3:

(medicine) An increase in the size of a tissue or organ due to increased number of cells.


secretor

nonsecretor

antonym(s) of “person who secretes blood-group antigens in their bodily fluids”

(physiology) A cell, tissue, or organ (such as a gland) that produces a bodily secretion.


cross-dressing

Now, a study published in Nature shows that cross-dressing does indeed occur and is important for boosting memory CD8+ T cell responses in vivo.

2011 April 21, Olive Leavy, “Cross-dress to impress”, in Nature Reviews Immunology, volume 11, number 302, →DOI:

(immunology) Display by antigen-presenting cells of antigens obtained from the surface of infected cells.


allograft

(surgery) A surgical transplant of tissue between genetically different individuals of the same species.

aloenxerto

transplant between genetically different individuals of the same species


cutoff

изключване

operational definition
operational definition

The point at which something terminates or to which it is limited.

(medicine) A cutoff point (cutoff value, threshold value, cutpoint): the amount set by an operational definition as the transition point between states in a discretization or dichotomization.


cutoff

(psychology, medicine) Designating a score or value demarcating the presence (or absence) of a disease, condition, or similar.


faciodigitogenital dysplasia

(medicine) A rare genetic disorder causing defects in bones and cartilage, and characterised by abnormalities of the face, hands and genitals.


faciodigitogenital

(medicine) Pertaining to the face, fingers and genitals.


astasia-abasia

/ əˈsteɪ.ʒə əˈbeɪ.ʒə/

From astasia (“not stand condition”) + abasia (“not step condition”).

compound

(medicine) The inability either to stand or walk due to loss of motor control.


ballottement

en-noun

ballottement (countable and uncountable, plural ballottements)

From French ballottement, from ballotter (“ballot”).

(medicine) A method of diagnosing pregnancy, in which the uterus is pushed with a finger to feel whether a foetus moves away and returns again.

(medicine) An increased amount of fluid in the suprapatellar pouch of the knee.


centrosome

(cytology) An organelle, near the nucleus in the cytoplasm of most organisms, that controls the organization of its microtubules

中心體 /中心体

organelle that controls the organization of its microtubules


parotid gland

From Ancient Greek παρωτίς (parōtís, “(gland) behind the ear”), from παρά (pará, “behind”) + οὖς (oûs, “ear”).

bor

(anatomy) Either of a pair of salivary glands located in front of and below each ear in humans.


cytotoxic T cell

en-noun

cytotoxic T cell (plural cytotoxic T cells)

(immunology) A subtype of T cell, capable of inducing death in infected somatic or tumor cells.

tappaja-T-solu

T cell capable of inducing death to alien cells


secobarbital

secobarbital (countable and uncountable, plural secobarbitals)

Blend of Seconal (trademark) + pentobarbital.

blend

(pharmacology) A barbiturate C₁₂H₁₈N₂O₃ that is used chiefly in the form of its bitter hygroscopic sodium salt as a hypnotic and sedative.


quinalbarbitone

From Latin quinque ‘five’ + allyl + barbitone.

(pharmacology) A sedative-hypnotic compound, 5-allyl-5-(1-methylbutyl)-barbituric acid, used to sedate patients before an operation.


thyroplasty

(surgery) A procedure in which the cartilages of the larynx are adjusted in order to improve voice quality


derailment

en-noun

derailment (countable and uncountable, plural derailments)

(psychiatry) A pattern of discourse (in speech or writing) that is a sequence of unrelated or only remotely related ideas.


bedsore

With the slightest movement shooting pain through her thin frame, she developed bedsores under her thighs and back that got infected.

2019, Ocean Vuong, On Earth We're Briefly Gorgeous, Jonathan Cape, page 195:

(medicine, usually in the plural, dated) A lesion caused by unrelieved pressure to any part of the body, especially portions over bony or cartilaginous areas, such as frequently develops on a person confined to a bed by infirmity.


gastroptosis

gastroptosis (countable and uncountable, plural gastroptoses)

(medicine) An abnormal downward displacement of the stomach.


merodiploid

(genetics) Partially diploid (having a second copy of only part of its genome)


hypotonic

en-adj

hypotonic (comparative more hypotonic, superlative most hypotonic)

more hypotonic (comparative)
most hypotonic (superlative)

But always he went the full length, crying until he was completely exhausted, worn out, hypotonic.

1983, Lawrence Durrell, Sebastian (Avignon Quintet), Faber & Faber, published 2004, page 1053:

(medicine) Showing less than normal tension in the muscles or muscle tissue.


bluey

en-noun

bluey (countable and uncountable, plural blueys)

(Australia, medicine) A disposable underpad.


bucktoothed

en-adj

bucktoothed (comparative more bucktoothed, superlative most bucktoothed)

more bucktoothed (comparative)
most bucktoothed (superlative)

(dentistry, somewhat derogatory) Having buckteeth.


calvous

calvous (comparative more calvous, superlative most calvous)

more calvous (comparative)
most calvous (superlative)

67th Berlin International Film Festival
Elsevier
John Lindley
Patrick Stewart

Borrowed from Latin calvus (“bald, hairless”) (from Proto-Indo-European *kl̥h₂wós, from *kalw- (“bald; naked”) + *-wós (suffix forming adjectives from verb stems)) + -ous (suffix forming adjectives from nouns, denoting possession or presence of a quality).

suffix

Hubert had given me his passport, in great excitement. [...] Admittedly most old, bloated, calvous Germans could double for me, and even if he hadn't been doppelganger material, with the beard I had started growing and the two black eyes, you'd need x-rays to spot the difference.

1994, Tibor Fischer, The Thought Gang, Edinburgh: Polygon Books, →ISBN; 1st Scribner Paperback Fiction edition, New York, N.Y.: Simon & Schuster, 1997, →ISBN, page 119:

(formal, medicine, rare) Lacking most or all of one's hair; bald, hairless.


postictal

(medicine) Occurring after an epileptic seizure.


brown adipose tissue

en-noun

brown adipose tissue (countable and uncountable, plural brown adipose tissues)

(anatomy, physiology) One of the two types of adipose tissue present in many newborn or hibernating mammals which primarily serves to generate body heat, and which contains several small vacuoles and a relatively high number of mitochondria and capillaries.


white adipose tissue

white adipose tissue (countable and uncountable, plural white adipose tissues)

(medicine, physiology) One of the two types of adipose tissue present in mammals, providing heat insulation, mechanical cushion, and a source of energy, and comprising as much as 20% of the body weight in men and 25% of the body weight in women.


bronch-

(medicine) bronchus, relating to the trachea, or airways to the lungs.


infective

It is evident that the greater the number of susceptibles, then the greater the increase in the number of infectives.

2002, Belinda Barnes, Glenn Fulford, Mathematical Modeling with Case Studies, →ISBN, page 140:

(epidemiology) A person who is capable of spreading a disease by infecting others.


emarginate

en-adj

emarginate (comparative more emarginate, superlative most emarginate)

more emarginate (comparative)
most emarginate (superlative)

From Latin emarginare; e- (“out”) + marginare (“to furnish with a margin”), from margo (“margin”).

1840 Georges Cuvier Cuvier's Animal kingdom (intranslation).
In the Haliotus, Lam, the shell is perforated along the side of the columella with a series of holes; and when the last hole remains incomplete, the shell has the appearance of beiing emarginate.

(zoology, anatomy) Having a margin that has concave edges as though with parts removed or notched.


arachnoiditis

(pathology) A neuropathic disease caused by the inflammation of the arachnoid, one of the membranes that surround and protect the nerves of the spinal cord.


radiculopathy

(pathology) Any disease of the spinal nerve roots and spinal nerves.

radiculopatia

pathology: any disease of the spinal nerve roots and spinal nerves


antifungal

antifungal (comparative more antifungal, superlative most antifungal)

more antifungal (comparative)
most antifungal (superlative)

(pharmacology) That inhibits the growth of fungi; antimycotic.


antifungal

(pharmacology) A drug that inhibits the growth of fungi.


pharmacopoeia

en-noun

pharmacopoeia (plural pharmacopoeias or pharmacopoeiae)

pharmacopoeias (plural)
pharmacopoeiae (plural)

/fɑːməkəˈpiːə/

From French pharmacopée and post-classical Latin pharmacopoeia, from Hellenistic Ancient Greek φαρμακοποιία (pharmakopoiía, “preparation of drugs”).

der

φαρμακοποιία

(pharmacology) An official book describing medicines or other pharmacological substances, especially their use, preparation, and regulation.


athetosis

en-noun

athetosis (countable and uncountable, plural athetoses)

From Ancient Greek ἄθετος (áthetos, “not fixed”), itself from τίθημι (títhēmi), + -osis.

der

(medicine) A series of involuntary writhing movements of the limbs, typically bilateral and symmetric and predominantly affecting the distal parts of the limbs.


athetoid

athetoid cerebral palsy


spasmology

(medicine) An area of neurology that deals with spasticity and its management.


-opia

Attested classically as -ωπία in a few words, such as ἀμβλυωπία (ambluōpía). Apparently equivalent to -οψία (-opsía).

(medicine, ophthalmology) vision (used to form names of visual defects)


ametropia

en-noun

ametropia (countable and uncountable, plural ametropias)

From a- + Ancient Greek μέτρον (métron, “measure”) + -opia.

af

(medicine, ophthalmology) Any of several disorders of the eye (spherical or cylindrical) resulting from faulty refractive ability.

ametropia

any of several disorders of the eye resulting from faulty refractive ability


anisometropia

From an- + iso- + metr- (“measure”) + -opia.

(ophthalmology) A condition in which the two eyes of an individual have different refractive power.

anisometropia

condition in which the eyes have different refractive power


anorthopia

(medicine) A defect of vision in which straight lines appear to be curved; a symptom of various vision disorders.


cyclopia

From cyclops + -ia; From Ancient Greek Κύκλωψ (Kúklōps).

(teratology) A congenital abnormality in which the orbits of the eye do not divide to form separate sockets.


hemeralopia

hĕm′ər-ə-lō′pē-ə

Borrowed from New Latin hēmeralōpia, from Ancient Greek ἡμεραλωπία (hēmeralōpía). From ἡμέρα (hēmérā, “day”), ἀλαός (alaos, “blind”), and ὄψ (ops, “eye”).

(medicine) The inability to see clearly in bright light; day blindness.


nyctalopia

en-noun

nyctalopia (countable and uncountable, plural nyctalopias or nyctalopiae)

nyctalopias (plural)
nyctalopiae (plural)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek νυκταλωπία (nuktalōpía), from νύξ (núx, “night”), ἀλαός (alaós, “blind”), and ὄψ (óps, “eye”).

(medicine) The inability to see clearly in dim light; night blindness


hemianopia

hemianopia (usually uncountable, plural hemianopias)

(ophthalmology) Alternative form of hemianopsia


hemianopsia

hemianopsia (countable and uncountable, plural hemianopsias)

(ophthalmology) Blindness in one half of the field of vision of either or both eyes.


isometropia

isometropia (countable and uncountable, plural isometropias)

(medicine, rare) The condition of having equal refractive power in each eye, regardless of their acuity.


polyopia

polyopia (countable and uncountable, plural polyopias)

(medicine) A condition in which multiple images of a single object are formed on the retina; multiple vision


quadrantanopia

quadrantanopia (countable and uncountable, plural quadrantanopias)

(ophthalmology) The loss of vision in one or more quadrants of the field of view.


eosinophil

From German eosinophil, from eosin (“rose dye, from Ancient Greek ἠώς (ēṓs, “dawn”) + -in”) + -o- + -phile.

af

(cytology, immunology) A white blood cell responsible for combating infection by parasites in the body.


acidophil

(immunology) An eosinophil; a white blood cell responsible for combating infection by parasites in the body.


eosinophil granulocyte

en-noun

eosinophil granulocyte (plural eosinophil granulocytes)

(immunology) A type of white blood cell commonly referred to as eosinophils.


estradiol

estradiol (countable and uncountable, plural estradiols)

/ˌɛ.stɹəˈdaɪˌɔl/

Gender-affirming hormone therapy may involve testosterone for trans people assigned female at birth (AFAB) and estradiol and anti-androgens for trans people AMAB.

2021, Jane Y. Xu, Michelle A. O’Connell, Lauren Notini, Ada S. Cheung, Sav Zwickl, Ken C. Pang, “Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators: A Potential Option For Non-Binary Gender-Affirming Hormonal Care?”, in Front Endocrinol, →DOI:

(American spelling, biochemistry, pharmacology) A natural estrogenic hormone that is a phenolic alcohol estra-1,3,5-triene-3,17-diol (C₁₈H₂₄O₂) secreted chiefly by the ovaries of all vertebrates, that is a major and the most potent of the naturally occurring estrogens; the semisynthetic esterified compound is used medicinally to treat estrogen deficiency and breast cancer.


osteectomy

(surgery) The surgical removal of a bone.


Barlow's disease

Named after Sir Thomas Barlow (1845–1945), the British physician who described it.

(pathology) The disease scurvy in infants.


ataraxic

en-adj

ataraxic (comparative more ataraxic, superlative most ataraxic)

more ataraxic (comparative)
most ataraxic (superlative)

/ˌætəˈɹæksɪk/


ataractic

ataractic (comparative more ataractic, superlative most ataractic)

more ataractic (comparative)
most ataractic (superlative)

From Ancient Greek ἀτάρακτος (atáraktos, “intrepid”), from ταράσσω (tarássō).

der

Later on he was treated by the same psychiatrist with ataractic drugs.

2013, Einar Kringlen, Heredity and Environment in the Functional Psychoses, Elsevier, →ISBN, page 180:

(pharmacology) That has a tranquilizing effect.


ataractic

(pharmacology) A drug that is used to tranquilize; a tranquilizer.


Cheadle-Möller-Barlow syndrome

Named after Dr. Walter Butler Cheadle, Sir Thomas Barlow and Julius Otto Ludwig Möller who described it.

(pathology) The disease scurvy especially in infants.


Cheadle's disease

Named after Dr. Walter Butler Cheadle who described it.

(pathology) The disease scurvy, especially in infants.


Moeller's disease

Named after Julius Otto Ludwig Möller, who described it.


Möller-Barlow disease

Named after Sir Thomas Barlow (1845–1945) and Julius Otto Ludwig Möller, who described it.


scorbutus

From New Latin scorbūtus, from French scorbut. Doublet of scorbut and scurvy.


deoxynucleotide

(biochemistry, genetics) Any nucleotide that contains a deoxy sugar


deoxyribonucleotide

(biochemistry, genetics) Any nucleotide containing deoxyribose.


undecylenic acid

unsaturated fatty acid
unsaturated fatty acid

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) An organic unsaturated fatty acid derived from natural castor oil (ricinoleic acid). It has fungicidal properties and is used in the treatment of skin disorders, nail fungus etc.


10-undecenoic acid

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) The common name for undecylenic acid.


toxicogenomics

2008, C. Afshari, appearing in G. Dutton, "Achieving Success in Tox Studies", Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News, Mary Ann Liebert, vol. 28, no. 20, 15 November 2008, pg. 1.
Toxicogenomics reflects an integration of genomics technologies and information into toxicology studies....

(genetics) The study of the toxic effects of substances on genetic material, with an attempt to use this information to predict its toxic effect on organisms


foudroyant

en-adj

foudroyant (comparative more foudroyant, superlative most foudroyant)

more foudroyant (comparative)
most foudroyant (superlative)

Audio (US)


von Willebrand disease

From von Willebrand + disease. From Finnish doctor Erik Adolf von Willebrand, who discovered this disease.

"This latter point is of concern given the high prevalence of von Willebrand disease (1 in 100 individuals) in the United States." - N. A. Goldenberg, L. Jacobson and M. J. Manco-Johnson. Brief Communication: Duration of Platelet Dysfunction after a 7-Day Course of Ibuprofen. Ann Intern Med 2005; 506-509. http://www.annals.org/cgi/content/full/142/7/506

(medicine) An hereditary disease, characterized by a tendency to hemorrhage, and caused by a defect in blood platelet activity.

en:Erik Adolf von Willebrand
von Willebrand disease


polymorpho-

(chiefly medicine, physiology) polymorphous


polymorphonucleated

polymorphonucleated (comparative more polymorphonucleated, superlative most polymorphonucleated)

more polymorphonucleated (comparative)
most polymorphonucleated (superlative)


in vitro fertilization

en-noun

in vitro fertilization (countable and uncountable, plural in vitro fertilizations)

(medicine) The fertilization of an ovum by sperm outside of a woman's body; normally used as a treatment for infertility.

體外人工受精 /体外人工受精

(medicine) the fertilization of an egg by sperm outside of a woman's body


artificial insemination

(biology, medicine) The introduction of semen into the uterus or cervix of a female by a means other than copulation.

иску́сственное оплодотворе́ние n (iskússtvennoje oplodotvorénije, literally “artificial fertilization”)


adust

From Middle French aduste, and its source, Latin adustus (“burnt, scorched”), past participle of adūrere.

From melancholy aduſt ariſes one kind [of humour]; from Choler another, which is moſt brutiſh: another from Flegme, which is dull; and the laſt from Blood, which is beſt.

1638, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], “Of the Matter of Melancholy”, in The Anatomy of Melancholy. […], 5th edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] [Robert Young, Miles Flesher, and Leonard Lichfield and William Turner] for Henry Cripps, →OCLC, partition 1, section 1, member 3, subsection [3], page 34:

[S]o in fevers and hot diſtempers from choler aduſt is cauſed a blackneſſe in our tongues, teeth and excretions: […]

1650, Thomas Browne, “A Digression Concerning Blacknesse”, in Pseudodoxia Epidemica: […], 2nd edition, London: […] A[braham] Miller, for Edw[ard] Dod and Nath[aniel] Ekins, […], →OCLC, 6th book, page 283:

(medicine, historical, usually postpositive, of a bodily humour) Abnormally dark or over-concentrated (associated with various states of discomfort or illness, specifically being too hot or dry).


gastrorrhagia

From Ancient Greek γαστήρ (gastḗr, “belly”) and ῥήγνυμι (rhḗgnumi, “to burst forth”).

(medicine) A hemorrhage from the stomach, also known as a gastric hemorrhage.


alimentiveness

George Combe
Johann Spurzheim
The Lancet

1828, George Combe, from a German [Term?] term coined by Johann Spurzheim.

(phrenology, obsolete) The instinct or faculty of appetite for food.


antiemetic

(medicine) A drug that combats nausea and vomiting


disseminated

en-adj

disseminated (comparative more disseminated, superlative most disseminated)

more disseminated (comparative)
most disseminated (superlative)

(medicine) spread over a wide area of the body or of an organ


peristaltic

(physiology) of or pertaining to peristalsis


coma vigil

(medicine) A state in which the patient lies with eyes open, yet unresponsive to the outside world.


biophase

(pharmacology) The effect site of a drug


amativeness

Combe felt her bumps and pronounced that she had an unusually large cerebellum, the seat of Amativeness.

2012, Catherine Peters, “Court in the Act”, in Literary Review, number 399:

(phrenology) The state or quality of being amative; propensity to love or sexual feelings.


metameric

(biology, anatomy) Exhibiting metamerism.


polyreaction

(immunology) Nonspecific reaction towards a range of materials


epistasis

en-noun

epistasis (countable and uncountable, plural epistases)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἐπίστασις (epístasis, “stopping”), from ἐφίστημι (ephístēmi, “stop”), from ἐφ- (eph-) + ἵστημι (hístēmi, “make to stand”). The use in genetics was coined by English biologist William Bateson in 1909 in his book Mendel's Principles of Heredity.

coin

(genetics) The modification of the expression of a gene by another unrelated one.


atrabilarious

en-adj

atrabilarious (comparative more atrabilarious, superlative most atrabilarious)

more atrabilarious (comparative)
most atrabilarious (superlative)

(medicine, historical) Pertaining to black bile.


coronary artery

en-noun

coronary artery (plural coronary arteries)

(anatomy, cardiology) An artery arising from aorta.

coronary arteries
left coronary artery
right coronary artery


linker

(genetics) A short oligonucleotide containing a recognition sequence for a restriction enzyme, used to blunt the ends of sticky DNA segments.


linker

en-verb

linker (third-person singular simple present linkers, present participle linkering, simple past and past participle linkered)

linkers (present singular third-person)
linkering (participle present)
linkered (participle past)
linkered (past)

38. The plasmid pRK252 Km is cut with ecoRI, blunt-ended using Klenow, and linkered with BgIII linkers (New England Biolabs).

1994, Ray Shillito et al., "Zea mays plants regenerated from protoplasts or protoplast-derived cells", US Patent 5770450, page 52

(genetics) To ligate a DNA segment using a linker.


hydrocephalous

en-adj

hydrocephalous (comparative more hydrocephalous, superlative most hydrocephalous)

more hydrocephalous (comparative)
most hydrocephalous (superlative)

(medicine) Afflicted with hydrocephalus.


PRN

Alternative forms: prn, p.r.n.


copper aspirinate

rheumatoid arthritis
rheumatoid arthritis

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) The cuprous salt of aspirin; it is used to treat rheumatoid arthritis


POM

en-noun

POM (countable and uncountable, plural POMs)

(countable, medicine) Initialism of Prescription-Only Medication.


polypharmaceutical

en-adj

polypharmaceutical (comparative more polypharmaceutical, superlative most polypharmaceutical)

more polypharmaceutical (comparative)
most polypharmaceutical (superlative)


polypharmaceutical

(pharmacology) A preparation containing several drugs


polypharmacy

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-polypharmacy.wav

From poly- + pharmacy, after Ancient Greek πολυφάρμακος (poluphármakos).

uder

πολυφάρμακος

Critics denounced physicians as meddlesome, capriciously practising an often dangerous polypharmacy – a blunderbuss approach.

1997, Roy Porter, The Greatest Benefit to Mankind, Folio Society, published 2016, page 226:

Faced with wheezing, blue-faced patients, they felt they had to do something, and the approach they adopted was polypragmatism, or polypharmacy: they threw the medicine cabinet at the problem.

2017, Laura Spinney, Pale Rider: The Spanish Flu of 1918 and How it Changed the World, →ISBN:

(medicine) The use of multiple drugs to treat multiple concurrent disorders in the same (now especially elderly) patient, chiefly with connotations of indiscriminate or excessive prescription (involving overmedication and overprescription).


polypharmacist

(medicine) A person who prescribes multiple drugs for multiple concurrent disorders


neuromodulator

(neuroscience) A substance other than a neurotransmitter, released by a neuron at a synapse and conveying information to adjacent or distant neurons, either enhancing or dampening their activities.


clastogenesis

From Ancient Greek κλαστός (klastós) + -genesis. See clastogen.

(cytology)The process resulting in additions, deletions, or rearrangements of parts of the chromosomes that are detectable by light microscopy.


haploinsufficiency

en-noun

haploinsufficiency (countable and uncountable, plural haploinsufficiencies)

(genetics) The state of a diploid organism having only a single copy of a particular gene, the other copy being inactivated due to mutation


Brownism

(medicine) The doctrines of the Brunonian system of medicine.


primal scene

Calque of German Urszene. Coined by Sigmund Freud in 1914.

1983, William J. Kerrigan, The Sacred Complex: On the Psychogenesis of Paradise Lost, Harvard University Press, →ISBN, page 164,
The primal scene is the site at which the issues of ego differentiation become translated into the issues of the oedipus complex.

1989, Andrew Samuels, The Plural Psyche:: Personality, Morality, and the Father, Routledge, →ISBN, page 123,
The father's presence and image, together with those of the mother, form the raw material of the primal scene.

1995, Joel Whitebook, Perversion and Utopia: a study in psychoanalysis and critical theory, MIT Press, →ISBN, page 51,
She argues that perverse sexual activity constitutes an attempt to restage the primal scene in such a way as to eliminate its traumatic aspects.

Jeffrey Beaumont’s interslat voyeurism may be a sick parody of the Primal Scene, but neither he (a “college boy”) nor anybody else in the movie ever shows any inclination to say anything like “Gee, this is sort of like a sick parody of the good old Primal Scene” or even betrays any awareness that a lot of what’s going on is—both symbolically and psychoanalytically—heavy as hell.

1997, David Foster Wallace, “David Lynch keeps his head”, in A Supposedly Fun Thing I'll Never Do Again, Kindle edition, Little, Brown Book Group:

(psychoanalysis) In Freudian theory, the first time a child witnesses (and understands) his or her parents copulating.

primalscene

in Freudian theory, the first time a child witnesses (and understands) its parents copulating


Reichian

A shocking Riechian ^([sic]) look at how repressed and thwarted sexuality manifests itself in fascist politics.

1991 April 6, Michael Bronski, “Spanning the Years”, in Gay Community News, page 7:

(psychoanalysis) Relating to or influenced by the Austrian psychiatrist Wilhelm Reich (1897-1957) and his therapeutic methods.

reichiansk

relating to or influenced by the Austrian psychiatrist Wilhelm Reich


Reichian

(psychoanalysis) A follower of Reich or his methods.


sexual literacy

sexual literacy (plural sexual literacies)

(health sciences, sexology) Knowledge required to advance and protect one's own sexual health and well-being.


Lhermitte's sign

(medicine) Electric sensations of the spine and limbs induced by flexing the neck forward.


paranoid schizophrenia

paranoid schizophrenia (usually uncountable, plural paranoid schizophrenias)

(psychiatry) A form of schizophrenia that is accompanied by delusions, either of persecution, grandeur or jealousy.

параноідная шызафрэнія

form of schizophrenia accompanied by delusions


life support

(medicine) The maintenance of vital functions of a critically ill or comatose person or a person undergoing surgery.

(medicine) The equipment and special procedures used for life support.


idiopathy

From idio- + -pathy. First appears c. 1634, in the publications of Philiatreus (fl. 1630).

The sterilization that was first conceived as a recourse of limited medical reach came to be considered an efficient eugenical procedure that could prevent descendents^([sic]) with hereditary and transmissible disorders, such as mental deficiency, epilepsy, idiopathies, etc.

1970, D. V. Salcedo, M. G. Mujica, “A Study of Sterilized Women in the Urban Communities of the Western Area of Santiago, 1963-1966”, in The Journal of Sex Research, volume 6, number 1, page 42:

(pathology) A disease or condition arising spontaneously or having no known cause.


bridgework

bridgework (countable and uncountable, plural bridgeworks)

Just think. If you were some big shot like a casting director or something, I'd be staring into your bridgework, saying, 'Yes, Mr. Smearkase; no, Mr. Smearkase; not really, Mr. Smearkase. Oh! Mr. Smearkase, that's my knee!'

(dentistry) A partial denture that is anchored to existing teeth.


somatoform disorder

somatoform disorder (plural somatoform disorders)

(medicine) A psychiatric disorder in which physical symptoms are experienced, but for which no apparent physical cause can be found

Somatoforme Störung

psychiatric disorder in which physical symptoms are experienced, for which no apparent physical cause can be found


somatoform

(medicine) Having no physical or organic cause


hypochondriasis

hypochondriasis (countable and uncountable, plural hypochondriases)

From New Latin, a more correct term for hypochondria, from hypochondrium + -iasis.

(medicine) A mental disorder characterized by excessive fear of or preoccupation with a serious illness, despite medical testing and reassurance to the contrary.


mycotic aneurysm

mycotic aneurysm (plural mycotic aneurysms)

Mildly confusingly, named for mushroom-shaped instances, not for fungal pathogens as the term seems to suggest etymonically; for more, see Wikipedia at mycotic aneurysm § History.

(medicine) An aneurysm in which an infectious agent, usually bacteria, grows through the wall of a blood vessel. It leads to an irreversible dilatation of an artery due to destruction of the vessel wall by infection.


hysterosalpingography

hysterosalpingography (countable and uncountable, plural hysterosalpingographies)

(medicine) X-ray examination of the uterus and oviducts following injection of a radiopaque substance.


hysterosalpingogram

(medicine) An X-ray image taken during hysterosalpingography.


hysteroscopy

(medicine) The examination of the uterus using a hysteroscope.


hysteroscope

(medicine) An instrument designed to allow visual examination of the uterus.


effacement

effacement (countable and uncountable, plural effacements)

(medicine) A shortening, or thinning, of the cervix before or during early labour.


elopement

elopement (countable and uncountable, plural elopements)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-elopement.wav

(pathology) The act of a person with dementia wandering away from the area where they are safe.


adnexal

(anatomy) Of, or relating to the adnexa.


-osis

From Ancient Greek -ωσις (-ōsis, “state, abnormal condition, or action”), from -όω (-óō) stem verbs + -σις (-sis).

der

(pathology) functional disease or condition such as hepatosis


alalia

From a- (“without”) + -lalia (“speech”).

A striking case of amnesic alalia was that of Lordat, a French physician, who thus described his malady: "I find myself deprived of the value of all words.[…]"

1886, Edward P. Davis, “Disorders of Speech”, in William Pepper, Louis Starr, editors, A System of Practical Medicine, Volume 5, Lea Brothers & Co., page 569:

(medicine, obsolete) The loss of the ability to speak, especially due to paralysis of the vocal cords.

The other major exception, characters with Down syndrome (a condition that often includes among its symptoms alalia, or speech delay), are usually played by actors with Down syndrome[…].

2013, Jason Loviglio, Michele Hilmes, editors, Radio's New Wave, Taylor & Francis (Routledge), unnumbered page:

(medicine) Speech delay, a delay in the development or use of the mechanisms that produce speech.

alalia

delay in development of the mechanisms of speech


amitriptyline

en-noun

amitriptyline (countable and uncountable, plural amitriptylines)

‘They were in very low concentrations, only fifteen per cent of the total. The remaining eighty-five per cent was made up of a powerful tranquillizer, amitryptiline.’

2000, JG Ballard, Super-Cannes, Fourth Estate, published 2011, page 327:

(pharmacology) An antidepressant drug; a tablet containing this drug.


arthrosis

arthrosis (countable and uncountable, plural arthroses)

From Ancient Greek ἄρθρον (árthron, “a joint, articulation”), + -osis.

nivelrikko

any degenerative disease of a joint between bones

(pathology) Any degenerative disease of such a joint, e.g. osteoarthritis.


autarchic

en-adj

autarchic (comparative more autarchic, superlative most autarchic)

more autarchic (comparative)
most autarchic (superlative)

(genetics, of a gene) Not inhibited by neighbouring genetic material


positron emission tomography

en-noun

positron emission tomography (countable and uncountable, plural positron emission tomographies)

(medicine) A medical imaging technique which detects the gamma rays produced by positrons emitted from injected radionuclides.

正電子發射計算機斷層掃描 /正电子发射计算机断层扫描

zhèngdiànzǐ fāshè jìsuànjī duàncéng sǎomiáo


canaliculus

From Latin canāliculus (“small channel, pipe or gutter”), diminutive of canālis (“channel; pipe, gutter”), from canna (“cane, reed”), from Ancient Greek κάννα (kánna, “reed”).

uder

(anatomy) Any of many small canals or ducts in the body, such as in the bone, or in some plants


glomerulus

From the diminutive of the Latin glomus (gen. glomeris) meaning "ball of yarn" or "ball-shaped mass".

(anatomy) A small intertwined group of capillaries within nephrons of the kidney that filter the blood to make urine

sensory transduction
sensory transduction

(anatomy) A structure in the olfactory bulb central to olfactory sensory transduction, composed of receptor neuron axons and mitral neuron dendrites and organized by odor type.


innervate

en-verb

innervate (third-person singular simple present innervates, present participle innervating, simple past and past participle innervated)

innervates (present singular third-person)
innervating (participle present)
innervated (participle past)
innervated (past)

From in- + nerve + -ate (verb-forming suffix).

af

(anatomy, zoology) To supply (an organ or part of the body) with nerves.


piggyback

en-noun

piggyback (countable and uncountable, plural piggybacks)

A corruption of pickaback, itself a corruption of pick-pack, like a pack.

Piggyback medications are given through a port of an existing intravenous site. […] Calculation of the drip rate for piggybacks is the same as any other drip rate.

1989, Alice J. Smith, Dosage and Solutions Calculations: The Dimensional Analysis Way, page 258:

Certain IV drugs, whether given by piggyback or through a metered-dose infusion set, may be incompatible with an existing continuous IV infusion.

2009, Diane S. Aschenbrenner, Samantha J. Venable, Drug Therapy in Nursing, page 34:

(medicine, countable, uncountable) The connection of one intravenous drip to another.


priming

(immunology) The first contact that an antigen-specific T helper cell precursors have with an antigen.

(medicine, nursing) The process of flushing the tubing with IV fluid to remove air before connecting it to a patient.


pseudohallucination

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-pseudohallucination.wav

(psychiatry) A brief but vivid visual or auditory experience that is recognised by the experiencer as being unreal.


LASIK

In LASIK surgery, a computer-controlled laser is used to reshape the cornea.

After LASIK, most patients see well enough to pass a driver's license exam without glasses or contact lenses.

(ophthalmology) Abbreviation of laser in situ keratomileusis: corrective eye surgery for various refractive disorders in which an excimer laser reshapes the cornea.


cingulotomy

(surgery) A form of brain surgery in which an electric current is used to destroy the cortex of the cingulate gyrus and part of the corpus callosum.


anuria

anuria (countable and uncountable, plural anurias)

Clinically defined as urine output of less than 100 ml in 24 hours, anuria indicates either urinary tract obstruction or acute renal failure due to various mechanisms.[…]Anuria is rare; even with renal failure, the kidneys usually produce at least 75 ml of urine daily.

2007, Nain D. Chohan, editor, Nursing: Interpreting Signs & Symptoms, page 39:

Changes in urinary pattern such as polyuria, oliguria, anuria, enuresis, and excessive thirst can be associated with tubular dysfunction.

2008, Ronald M. Perkin, Dale A. Newton, James D. Swift, editors, Pediatric Hospital Medicine: Textbook of Inpatient Management, 2nd edition, page 359:

It goes without saying, therefore, that obstructive anuria can occur only if the outflow from both kidneys or from the only functioning kidney is obstructed.

2011, Boris Lams, “Oliguria”, in Mark Kinirons, Harold Ellis, editors, French's Index of Differential Diagnosis: An A-Z, page 467:

(medicine) A condition in which the kidneys do not produce urine.

anúria

a condition in which the kidneys do not produce urine


anuresis

Kaido [35] describes a 53-year-old Japanese lady whose index presentation was with vomiting, anuresis, and clouded conscious state on a background of 6 months of apathy.

2010, Perminder S. Sachdev, Matcheri S. Keshavan, editors, Secondary Schizophrenia, Cambridge University Press, page 235:

Suffice it to say that the urge to look over/down at their penises is powerful and the motives behind this urge so complex as to cause anuresis (which in turn ups the trauma).

2012, David Foster Wallace, Consider The Lobster: Essays and Arguments, page vii:

2012 March, Paul Nikolaidis, Nancy A. Hammond (guest editors), Frank H. Miller (consulting editor), Genitourinary Imaging, Radiologic Clinics of North America, Volume 50, Number 2, unnumbered page,
Although rare, symptoms may include lumbar or hip pain, dysuria, oliguria, anuresis, and, more rarely, hematuria and pollakiuria.

(medicine) The inability to urinate; the retention of urine in the bladder.


carotid artery

carotid artery (plural carotid arteries)

Meronyms: common carotid artery, external carotid artery, internal carotid artery

Bronca can almost feel the hard pulse of blood in five other carotid arteries and hear its rush in five other sets of ears as she leans her hands on the table.

2022, N. K. Jemisin, The World We Make, Orbit, page 134:


trapezial

(anatomy) Of or pertaining to the trapezius muscle.

(anatomy) Of or pertaining to the trapezium bone of the wrist.


fetal alcohol syndrome

fetal alcohol syndrome (plural fetal alcohol syndromes)

(medicine) Any of a spectrum of birth defects that result from excessive alcohol consumption by the mother during pregnancy.


endpoint

(biology, medicine) A defined occurrence during the observation period of an experiment or study.


blood sugar

blood sugar (usually uncountable, plural blood sugars)

(medicine, physiology) Glucose in the blood.

(medicine, physiology) The amount of glucose in a person's blood.


parrot fever

(pathology, veterinary medicine) An infectious disease caused by the bacterium Chlamydophila psittaci and contracted from many species of bird.


pyloric sphincter

pyloric sphincter (plural pyloric sphincters)

(anatomy) Muscular valve connecting the stomach to the duodenum and regulating flow of materials out of the stomach.


MEB disease

muscle-eye-brain disease
muscle-eye-brain disease


muscle-eye-brain disease

(medicine) A congenital muscular dystrophy associated with severe myopia or glaucoma and mental retardation or hydrocephalus


erector

From Latin ērigō (“I raise up, elevate, lift”), equivalent to erect + -or.

bor

(anatomy) Any of several muscles that make parts of the body erect.


encasement

en-noun

encasement (countable and uncountable, plural encasements)

(genetics) The early genetic theory of emboîtement.


lymphoblastic

(US, cytology, immunology) Of or pertaining to a lymphoblast.


lymphoblast

lymphoblastic leukemia
lymphoblastic leukemia

(US, cytology, oncology) An immature lymphocyte; they proliferate uncontrollably in lymphoblastic leukemia


lymphoblastic leukemia

lymphoblastic leukemia (countable and uncountable, plural lymphoblastic leukemias)

(US, oncology, pathology) An acute form of leukemia characterized by a very large number of lymphoblasts in the circulating blood.


MR

MR (countable and uncountable, plural MRs)

Controlled release (CR), modified release (MR), orally disintegrating tablets (ODT), and other innovative dosage forms are still of interest to both pharmaceutical producers and suppliers.

2014 April, Ken Seufert, “The New Dawn of Pharmaceutical Manufacturing: Innovative Solutions for Unprecedented Challenges”, in American Pharmaceutical Review, 17(3):8:

modified release
modified release#English

(pharmacology, medicine) Initialism of modified release.

mitral regurgitation
w:mitral regurgitation

(cardiology) Initialism of mitral regurgitation.


primal horde

… Freud's analyses from his 1913 Totem and taboo, of how the primal horde of rebellious sons overcame the patriarchal father and set up public totems and taboos as means to eternalize their resultant guilt.

2003, Robert S. Corrington, Wilhelm Reich. Psychoanalyst and Radical Naturalist. Farrar, Straus and Giroux, page 104

(psychoanalysis) In Freudian psychoanalysis, an archetypal cathexis of the sons usurping their father's hierarchical position; the basis of the Oedipus complex, and sometimes resulting in totemism.


homeobox

When he looked in mice, there it was again: almost exactly the same 180-letter string – the homeobox.

1999, Matt Ridley, Genome, Harper Perennial, published 2004, page 176:

(genetics) A short sequence of DNA that is shared by several genes involved in the morphogenesis of many organisms.


homeobox gene

(genetics) Any of several genes that share a common sequence of DNA and are involved in the regulation of morphogenesis.


chimeric

en-adj

chimeric (comparative more chimeric, superlative most chimeric)

more chimeric (comparative)
most chimeric (superlative)

Application of the technology for producing chimeric mice has given considerable insight into the way intestinal crypts are organized.

1997, Nicholas A. Wright, “Stem cell repertoire in the intestine”, in C. S. Potten, editor, Stem cells, →ISBN, page 322:

Chimeric embryos are made by injecting cells or genetic material from one species into the embryo of another.

(genetics) Pertaining to a genetic chimera.


crista

en-noun

crista (plural cristae or (obsolete) cristæ)

cristae (plural)
cristæ (obsolete plural)

(cytology) Any of the internal compartments formed by the inner membrane of a mitochondrion, where many chemical reactions take place.


mephitis

mephitis (countable and uncountable, plural mephitises)

From Latin mefītis, mephītis, from the name of a Samnite goddess who personified the poisonous gases emitted from swamps and volcanoes.

Mephitis, in water, did not at first relieve the cough, so that I was compelled to prescribe another remedy; but after taking this for a short time, the father averred that he thought the first remedy, Mephitis, had a better effect than the last.

1854, C. Neidhard, “Mephitis Putorius and Other Remedies in Hooping Cough”, in The British Journal of Homoeopathy, page 436:

I do not see why Dr. Hensley should object to the internal administration of Variolinum any more than to that of lachesis, mephitis, etc.

1907, American Institute of Homeopathy, Transactions of the Sixty-third Sessions, page 501:

Mephitis, a highly prized remedy of the Homeopaths, is prepared by taking one part. in weight, of the characteristic fluid expelled by the pole-cat and dissolving it in ninety parts of alcohol.

1906, Nashville Journal of Medicine and Surgery, volume 74, page 60:

(homeopathy) A dilution of fluids derived from skunks or polecats.


semitertian

(obsolete, medicine, of a fever) Having a paroxysm every day, and a second stronger one every two days


semitertian

(obsolete, medicine) An intermittent fever of this kind.


osteoconduction

(medicine) Physical, three-dimensional scaffold or matrix to facilitate bone repair.

(medicine) The passive process by which bone grows on a surface.


osteoinduction

(medicine) A biologic response in which chemical signals induce osteogenesis


piperazine

piperazine (countable and uncountable, plural piperazines)

After German Piperazin, from piper(idine) + azine.

(organic chemistry, pharmacology, uncountable) A saturated heterocyclic compound, C₄H₁₀N₂, containing two nitrogen atoms in a six-membered ring; it is used as an anthelmintic.


punctate

en-adj

punctate (comparative more punctate, superlative most punctate)

more punctate (comparative)
most punctate (superlative)

From Latin punctum (“point”). See point and punctuate.

Keys to the Nearctic species of Pseudomyrmex
Head and pronotum densely punctate and predominantly opaque, punctures on upper half of head mostly contiguous and without extensive shiny interspaces […]

(anatomy) Marked by spots, dots, points, or punctures.


impunctate

impunctate (comparative more impunctate, superlative most impunctate)

more impunctate (comparative)
most impunctate (superlative)

Beak with segment I subequal to or shorter than II; head smooth, impunctate, shining (big-eyed bugs--University of Florida Featured Creatures)

(anatomy) Not punctate; not marked by spots, dots, points, or punctures.


Tourette syndrome

Named after French physician Georges Gilles de la Tourette.

1999, Breslin M.A., editor. Enforcing the Civil Rights of Air Travelers With Disabilities: Recommendations for the Department of Transportation and Congress. National Council on Disability, Washington, DC, p. 8,
Tourette syndrome is a condition characterized by involuntary vocalizations exacerbated by stress.

(neurology) A neurological disorder characterized by the presence of physical and vocal tics.


pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism

/ˌsjuː.dəʊˌsjuː.dəʊˌhaɪ.pəʊ.pæɹ.əˈθaɪ.ɹɔɪd.ɪzəm/

/ˌsuː.doʊˌsuː.doʊˌhaɪ.poʊ.pæɹ.əˈθaɪ.ɹɔɪd.ɪzəm/

From pseudo- (“false”) + pseudohypoparathyroidism.

prefix

Because Gαs is paternally imprinted in certain hormone target tissues, maternal inheritance of AHO leads to multihormone resistance [pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1a (PHP1a)], whereas paternal inheritance leads to AHO alone [pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism (pseudoPHP)]. Classically, the obesity in AHO is described as occurring similarly in both conditions.

2007, Dominique N. Long, Sarah McGuire, Michael A. Levine, Lee S. Weinstein, Emily L. Germain-Lee, Body Mass Index Differences in Pseudohypoparathyroidism Type 1a Versus Pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism May Implicate Paternal Imprinting of Gαs in the Development of Human Obesity: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, volume 92, number 3, pages 1073–1079:

(medicine) A mild inherited condition in which the sufferer has symptoms similar to those of pseudohypoparathyroidism.


pseudohypoparathyroidism

(medicine) A condition caused by resistance to the parathyroid hormone.


strangulate

en-verb

strangulate (third-person singular simple present strangulates, present participle strangulating, simple past and past participle strangulated)

strangulates (present singular third-person)
strangulating (participle present)
strangulated (participle past)
strangulated (past)

(medicine) To stop flow through a vessel.


antivenom

en-noun

antivenom (countable and uncountable, plural antivenoms)

From anti- + venom, q.v. Doublet of antivenin and antivenene.

Most deaths and serious consequences from snakebites are entirely preventable by existing means, including making antivenom much more widely available.

2008, “Poisonings”, in Margie Peden, Kayode Oyegbite, Joan Ozanne-Smith, Adnan A Hyder, Christine Branche, AKM Fazlur Rahman, Frederick Rivara, Kidist Bartolomeos, editors, World Report on Child Injury Prevention, WHO Press, →ISBN, page 129:

So how much venom do you actually need to make antivenom?
About 15.
15 snakes to make one vial of antivenom?

2022, Derek Muller, "How Horses Save Humans from Snake Bites", Veritasium, 00:03:12 ff.

(medicine) A medicine that counteracts venom, an antidote to biological poisons from venomous animals such as snakes and spiders.


neurodegenerative

en-adj

neurodegenerative (comparative more neurodegenerative, superlative most neurodegenerative)

more neurodegenerative (comparative)
most neurodegenerative (superlative)

A very rare polymorphism in the prion protein gene recently has been identified that appears to protect against prion disease; this finding, in addition to providing greater understanding of the prionlike mechanisms of neurodegenerative disorders, might lead to potential treatments.

2015 December 21, Michael D. Geschwind, “Prion Diseases”, in Continuum (Minneap Minn), →DOI:

(neurology, pathology) Of, pertaining to, or resulting in the progressive loss of nerve cells and of neurologic function.

neurodegeneratiu

pertaining to the progressive loss of nerve cells


amyotrophic

amyotrophic (comparative more amyotrophic, superlative most amyotrophic)

more amyotrophic (comparative)
most amyotrophic (superlative)

(medicine) Characterized by amyotrophy (atrophy of the muscles)


digitate

From Latin digitātus for the adjective and digitāre for the verb.

(botany, anatomy) Having parts that spread out from a common point in a finger-like manner.

إِصْبَعِيّ

botany: having leaves divided in finger-like parts


digitate

en-verb

digitate (third-person singular simple present digitates, present participle digitating, simple past and past participle digitated)

digitates (present singular third-person)
digitating (participle present)
digitated (participle past)
digitated (past)

But what is most worthy of notice is, that the greater number of muscular fibres arising from the coracoid and radio-ulnar bones form a pectoral muscle, superficial to the other fibres of the great lateral, and digitating with them along the side of the fish opposite the extremities of the fifth, sixth, seventh, and eighth ribs.

1857 December 23, John Cleland, “On the Skeleton, Muscles, and Viscera of Malapterurus Beninensis”, in Proceedings of the Royal Physical Society of Edinburgh, volume 1, Edinburgh, published 1858, page 393:

(botany, anatomy) To spread out from a common point in a finger-like manner.


gravelly

en-adj

gravelly (comparative more gravelly, superlative most gravelly)

more gravelly (comparative)
most gravelly (superlative)

From Middle English gravelli (“covered with gravel or sand; (pathology) containing sand-like matter”), from gravel (“sand; grain of stand; gravel, pebbles; (pathology) sand-like matter in the urine, calculus”) + -lī (suffix forming adjectives). Gravel is derived from Old French gravel, gravele, gravelle (“gravel; (pathology) calculus”) (modern French gravelle (“(pathology) calculus”)), from grave (“coarse sand, gravel; seashore”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʰreh₁w- (“to grind”); modern French grève (“riverbank; shore, strand”)) + -ele (diminutive suffix). The English word is analysable as gravel + -y (suffix forming adjectives meaning ‘having the quality of’).

suffix

(pathology) Caused by or involving gravel (“kidney stones”).


theophylline

From translingual Thea (“former genus name for the tea plant”) + Ancient Greek φύλλον (phúllon, “leaf”) + -ine.

af

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) A bitter crystalline compound present in small quantities in tea leaves, isomeric with theobromine; used as a drug in therapy for respiratory diseases.


scleral

(anatomy) Of, or pertaining to, the sclera.


bagging

en-noun

bagging (countable and uncountable, plural baggings)

(medicine) Use of BVM to ventilate a patient.


columella

columella (plural columellas or columellae)

/ˌkɒləˈmɛlə/

(anatomy) The skin at the end of the septum which separates the nostrils.

(comparative anatomy) In birds, reptiles, and amphibians, the small bone which carries vibration from the tympanum to the inner ear.


investigational

An expanded access protocol allows patients to benefit from an investigational drug prior to FDA approval.

(medicine) of, or relating to an unapproved drug or chemical entity being studied.


effective dose

(medicine) The lowest pharmaceutical dosage required to cause effect in 50% of average individuals.


ball of the thumb

ball of the thumb (plural balls of the thumb)

(anatomy, informal) The fleshy portion, opposite the nail, of the first segment (first phalange) of the human thumb.

(anatomy) The most fleshy portion of the palm of the human hand, located adjacent to the second joint of the thumb: the thenar eminence.


palpebral fissure

palpebral fissure (plural palpebral fissures)

(anatomy) The separation between the upper and lower eyelids.


asthenozoospermic

en-adj

asthenozoospermic (comparative more asthenozoospermic, superlative most asthenozoospermic)

more asthenozoospermic (comparative)
most asthenozoospermic (superlative)

(pathology)Of or pertaining to asthenozoospermia.


hypospermatogenesis

(medicine) The condition of having decreased sperm production.


normozoospermic

(pathology) Having a normal sperm production


oligozoospermic

oligozoospermic (comparative more oligozoospermic, superlative most oligozoospermic)

more oligozoospermic (comparative)
most oligozoospermic (superlative)

(pathology) Of or pertaining to oligozoospermia.


chancroid

/ˈʃæŋ.kɹɔɪd/

(pathology) A sexually transmitted infection, caused by bacteria of species Haemophilus ducreyi, characterized by painful sores on the genitalia.


lymphogranuloma venereum

/ˌlɪmfəˌɡɹænjʊˈləʊmə vəˈnɪəɹɪəm/

(pathology) A sexually transmitted disease caused by Chlamydia trachomatis.


athlete's foot

(pathology) A fungal infection of the skin of the foot, usually between the toes, caused by pathogen fungi, such as Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton interdigitale, syn. Trichophyton mentagrophytes, or Epidermophyton floccosum


supraphysiological

supraphysiological (comparative more supraphysiological, superlative most supraphysiological)

more supraphysiological (comparative)
most supraphysiological (superlative)

(medicine) Of or relating to a dose of a medicine that is larger than that of an equivalent hormone or other compound normally present in the body


azoospermic

(medicine) Of, pertaining to, or affected by azoospermia.


azoospermia

en-noun

azoospermia (usually uncountable, plural azoospermias)

Infertility was caused by fallopian tube dysfunction and/or male-related factors (a diagnosis of asthenozoospermia and/or asthenoteratozoospermia or azoospermia according to the WHO Laboratory Manual for the Examination and Processing of Human Semen).

2015 July 25, “Clinical Outcomes of In Vitro Fertilization among Chinese Infertile Couples Treated for Syphilis Infection”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(medicine) The absence of live sperm in the semen.


age standardized rate

age standardized rate (plural age standardized rates)

(medicine) The incidence rate of a particular disease in a population if that population had a standard age structure.


paraglottic space

paraglottic space (plural paraglottic spaces)

(anatomy) A site within the larynx whose lateral border is the thyroid cartilage and posterior (dorsal) border is the pyriform sinus.


uremic

en-adj

uremic (comparative more uremic, superlative most uremic)

more uremic (comparative)
most uremic (superlative)

/jʊəˈɹiːmɪk/

(pathology) Of, relating to, or causing uremia.


Broca's area

Broca discovered the brainʼs speech centre in the frontal lobe — the first time that anyone had connected an area of the brain to a specific action. The speech centre is still called Brocaʼs area.

2019, Bill Bryson, The Body: A Guide for Occupants, Black Swan (2020), page 89:

(neuroanatomy) An area of the frontal lobe of the brain associated with the control of speech.


traumatize

en-verb

traumatize (third-person singular simple present traumatizes, present participle traumatizing, simple past and past participle traumatized)

traumatizes (present singular third-person)
traumatizing (participle present)
traumatized (participle past)
traumatized (past)

(transitive, pathology) To injure, e.g. tissues, by force or by thermal, chemical or other agents.

I was traumatized by a childhood experience.

(transitive, psychiatry) To cause a trauma in.


lymph gland

(anatomy, immunology, informal) Synonym of lymph node.


lymphatic node

(anatomy, immunology) Synonym of lymph node.


lymphoglandula

en-noun

lymphoglandula (plural lymphoglandulae or lymphoglandulas)

lymphoglandulae (plural)
lymphoglandulas (plural)

Borrowing from New Latin lymphoglandula, from lympha (“clear water”) + glandula (“a small acorn”), equivalent to lympho- + glandula.


lymphonodus

Borrowing from New Latin lymphonōdus, from lympha (“clear water”) + nōdus (“a knot, knob, node”); equivalent to lympho- + nodus.


glial cell

(anatomy) A type of cell, in the nervous system, that provides support for the neurons.


gamma-hydroxybutyric acid

en-noun

gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (plural gamma-hydroxybutyric acids)

gamma-hydroxybutyric acids (plural)
as: GHB (abbreviation)

(organic chemistry, biochemistry, pharmacology) A naturally-occurring biochemical of uncertain function; sometimes used as a recreational drug


exenteration

exenteration (countable and uncountable, plural exenterations)

/ɛksɛntəˈɹeɪʃən/

(surgery) The surgical removal of all the contents of a body cavity such as the pelvis or the orbit.


genomics

(genetics) The study of the complete genome of an organism.


complementation

complementation (countable and uncountable, plural complementations)

(genetics) The interaction between two genetic units such that an organism can function normally if either one is defective


clinical chemistry

(pathology) Branch of pathology concerned with the chemical analysis of bodily fluids etc.


clinical biochemistry

clinical chemistry
clinical chemistry#English

(pathology) Synonym of clinical chemistry


mandibular

The head produces a mandibular gland pheromone composed of ketones, the thorax lacks large glands, and the abdomen contains the venom and the Nasonov gland that produces lemon oil compounds.

2016, Justin O. Schmidt, The Sting of the Wild, Johns Hopkins University Press, →ISBN, page 28:

(anatomy, zootomy) Of or pertaining to the mandible.


mandibulohyoid

(anatomy) Pertaining both to the mandibular and the hyoid arch


amygdaloid

From Ancient Greek ἀμυγδάλη (amugdálē, “almond”) + -oid.


maxillary sinus

en-noun

maxillary sinus (plural maxillary sinuses)

(anatomy) A paranasal sinus found in the body of the maxilla.


sarcopenia

sarcopenia (usually uncountable, plural sarcopenias)

From Ancient Greek σάρξ (sárx, “flesh”) + πενῐ́ᾱ (penĭ́ā, “poverty, want”).

compound

Coordinate term: cachexia

Factors contributing to frailty include sarcopenia and decline in executive function.

2008, Wilbert S. Aronow, Jerome L. Fleg, Michael W. Rich, Cardiovascular Disease in the Elderly, 4th edition, Taylor & Francis, page 814:

2021, Beatrice Gasperini, Stefano Volpato, Antonio Cherubini, Chapter 9: Acute Sarcopenia, Alfonso J. Cruz-Jentoft, John E. Morley (editors), Sarcopenia, John Wiley & Sons (Wiley Blackwell), 2nd Edition, page 96,
The incidence of sarcopenia was investigated in the GLISTEN study. Sarcopenia at hospital admission was diagnosed in 227 (34.7%) patients.

When no evident cause of gradual-onset chronic sarcopenia is present in an older person, age-associated (primary) sarcopenia is diagnosed, and further examination of long-term habits that may have led to sarcopenia is appropriate.

2022, Jeffrey B. HalterJoseph G. OuslanderStephanie Studenskiet al., Hazzard's Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, 8th edition, McGraw Hill, page 736:

(pathology) Gradual loss of skeletal muscle due to aging, immobility, illness, or combinations thereof.

spierverlies

gradual age-related loss of skeletal muscle


areflexia

(pathology) Lack of neuromuscular reflexes. A symptom associated with many neurological disorders.


flatfoot

From flat + foot. Piecewise doublet of platypus.

(medicine, chiefly in the plural) A condition in which the arch of the foot makes contact with the ground.


orchis

en-noun

orchis (plural orchises or orchides or (archaic) orchisses)

orchises (plural)
orchides (plural)
orchisses (archaic plural)

Borrowed from Latin orchis, from Ancient Greek ὄρχις (órkhis, “testicle”).


Argyrol

(pharmacology) An antiseptic compound of silver and a protein.

argirol

an antiseptic compound of silver and a protein


sulindac

non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug

(pharmacology) A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug used as an analgesic and antipyretic


trophic

From Ancient Greek τροφικός (trophikós, “pertaining to food or nourishment”), from τροφή (trophḗ, “food”).

bor

(physiology) Of or pertaining to growth.


zoledronate

From zoledronic acid + -ate (“salt or ester”).

af

(pharmacology) The conjugate base, or any salt or ester, of zoledronic acid. Used as a medication to inhibit bone loss in disorders of bone metabolism.

zoledronic acid

coordinate as an acid versus a base, but synonymous in the practical sense that the conjugate base and conjugate acid coexist in solution


bisphosphonate

(medicine) Any of several pharmaceuticals having this structure; they are inhibitors of bone resorption, used to treat several diseases including Paget's disease and osteoporosis.


hypercalcemia

en-noun

hypercalcemia (countable and uncountable, plural hypercalcemias)

From hyper- + calcemia or hyper- + calc- + -emia.

(biology, medicine) The presence of an unusually high concentration of calcium in the blood.


peromelia

(medicine) Severe congenital malformations of the limbs.


neuroanatomy

neuroanatomy (countable and uncountable, plural neuroanatomies)

This flowchart suggested by the neuroanatomy corresponds fairly well with what psychologists see in the clinic and lab.

2011, Steven Pinker, The Better Angels of Our Nature, Penguin, published 2012, page 609:

(anatomy) The anatomy of the nervous system.

(anatomy) The structure of the nerves of a specific organ or organism.


euglycemic

en-adj

euglycemic (comparative more euglycemic, superlative most euglycemic)

more euglycemic (comparative)
most euglycemic (superlative)

(medicine) Of or pertaining to euglycemia.


euglycemia

From eu- + glycemia or eu- + glyc- + -emia.

(medicine) The condition of having a normal concentration of glucose in the blood; good glycemia regulation; good glycemia.


functional magnetic resonance imaging

en-noun

functional magnetic resonance imaging (uncountable)

magnetic resonance imaging
magnetic resonance imaging

(medicine) A form of magnetic resonance imaging that records the flow of blood to areas of the brain when the patient is undertaking a specific neural activity.

функциона́льная магни́тно-резона́нсная томогра́фия


nonsense mutation

nonsense mutation (plural nonsense mutations)

(genetics) A point mutation that generates either a premature stop codon, or a codon that does not specify any amino acid.


caruncle

/kəˈɹʌŋ.kəl/

/kəˈɹʌŋ.kl̩/

/ˈkɛɹˌʌŋ.kəl/

/ˈkæˌɹʌŋ.kəl/

/kəˈɹʌŋ.kəl/

Borrowed from Middle French caruncule, from Latin caruncula (“a little piece of flesh”), diminutive of carō (“flesh”). Doublet of caruncula.

der

(anatomy, zootomy) A small, fleshy excrescence that is a normal part of an animal's anatomy.

lihake

small, fleshy excrescence on an animal — see also wattle

lacrimal caruncle
lacrimal caruncle#English

(anatomy) Clipping of lacrimal caruncle: the red prominence at the inner corner of the eye.


septicæmia

en-noun

septicæmia (countable and uncountable, plural septicæmias or septicæmiæ)

septicæmias (plural)
septicæmiæ (plural)

(pathology) Obsolete spelling of septicaemia.


brain fever

brain fever (countable and uncountable, plural brain fevers)

(pathology, dated) encephalitis or meningitis


brain-fever

(pathology) Alternative spelling of brain fever


haemorrhagic fever

haemorrhagic fever (countable and uncountable, plural haemorrhagic fevers)

viral haemorrhagic fever
viral haemorrhagic fever

(chiefly British, pathology) viral haemorrhagic fever


hemorrhagic fever

hemorrhagic fever (countable and uncountable, plural hemorrhagic fevers)

haemorrhagic fever
haemorrhagic fever#English

(pathology, US, Canada) Alternative form of haemorrhagic fever


Mediterranean fever

familial Mediterranean fever
familial Mediterranean fever

(pathology) familial Mediterranean fever


mountain fever

Rocky Mountain spotted fever
Rocky Mountain spotted fever

(pathology) Rocky Mountain spotted fever.


relapsing fever

(pathology) An infection caused by certain bacteria of the genus Borrelia, transmitted by lice and ticks.


spotted fever

spotted fever (countable and uncountable, plural spotted fevers)

(pathology) any of various diseases causing fever and spots on the skin


swine fever

(pathology) A contagious, usually fatal, disease of pigs, causing fever, skin lesions and convulsions, caused by Pestivirus C (CSFV).


Texas fever

Cattle from Texas, themselves not showing signs of infection, spread this disease to the Midwestern United States.

(pathology) A tick-borne disease of cattle caused by the parasite Babesia bigemina.


tick fever

(pathology) any of various diseases transmitted by ticks


ultrasonography

ultrasonography (countable and uncountable, plural ultrasonographies)

(medicine) The use of ultrasound to produce diagnostic images of the internal organs of the body, or of a foetus.


strangury

strangury (countable and uncountable, plural stranguries)

/ˈstɹæŋɡjəɹi/

From Middle English strangury, from Latin stranguria, from Ancient Greek στραγγουρία (strangouría).

(pathology, urology) A painful, frequent need to urinate, when the bladder is largely empty or with little urine production.


foodway

From food + way; in the sense of "alimentary canal", by extension from airway.


proband

From international scientific vocabulary, from New Latin, from Latin probandus (“the one to be tested”) (denoting, in this application, the first one tested); By surface analysis, probe + -and.

der

The proband was 8 years old and had a dyseidetic pattern, as did his father, who was also tested.

1992, Helene V. Fatt, Genetics for Primary Eye Care Practitioners, page 82:

(genetics, medicine) An individual who presents with a genetic disorder or other specific characteristic, when this leads to the genetic investigation of the individual's family.


tube feeding syndrome

(medicine) A potentially fatal condition caused by a feeding regimen given through a tube that provides too little water and too much protein in the diet.


acromegalia

Unadapted borrowing from New Latin acromegalia, from Ancient Greek ἄκρον (ákron, “tip, extremity”) and μέγας (mégas, “large”).

der

(pathology) Alternative form of acromegaly.


acromegalic

en-adj

acromegalic (comparative more acromegalic, superlative most acromegalic)

more acromegalic (comparative)
most acromegalic (superlative)

/ˌækɹoʊmɪˈɡælɪk/

At that moment a match flared on the far side of the room and illuminated the ruddy acromegalic features of Smirke […]

1982, TC Boyle, Water Music, Penguin, published 2006, page 133:

(pathology) Pertaining to or characteristic of acromegaly.


acromegalic

/ˌækɹoʊmɪˈɡælɪk/

(pathology) A person affected by acromegaly.


Marie's disease

From Pierre Marie who described the diseases below.

(pathology) The disease hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy.


neurolysin

(neuroscience, toxicology) A neurotoxin.


batrachotoxin

en-noun

batrachotoxin (countable and uncountable, plural batrachotoxins)

From Ancient Greek βάτραχος (bátrakhos, “frog”) + toxin.

compound

(neurotoxicology, uncountable) An extremely neurotoxic and cardiotoxic steroidal alkaloid found in poison dart frogs.

(toxicology, countable) Any one of a group of extremely neurotoxic and cardiotoxic steroidal alkaloids found in poison dart frogs, Melyridae beetles, and certain birds.


sleeping tablet

en-noun

sleeping tablet (plural sleeping tablets)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-sleeping tablet.wav


CHIP

(medicine) Acronym of clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential.


follow-up

(medicine) The revisiting of a patient in ambulatory care.


tegument

Also in late Middle English, borrowed from Latin tegumentum (“a cover”), from tegere (“to cover, clothe”, verb) + -mentum (suffix forming nouns). Compare integument.

affix

(anatomy, obsolete) A natural covering of the body or of a bodily organ; an integument.


haematology

From haemat- + -ology or hæmat- + -ology or haemato- + -logy.

‘Mr Carter, will you remind me again how long you’ve specialised in haematology?’

2014, Ian McEwan, The Children Act, Penguin Random House (2018), page 72:

(medicine) The scientific study of blood and blood-producing organs.


berberine

en-noun

berberine (countable and uncountable, plural berberines)

(biochemistry, pharmacology) Any of a class of alkaloid C₂₀H₁₉NO₅ originally obtained, as a bitter, yellow substance, from the root of the barberry, goldthread, and other plants. It is used in medicine especially for its antimicrobial properties.


volume CT

(medicine) A medical-imaging modality, similar to traditional computed tomography imaging, which acquires data via a two-dimensional detector array and reconstructs the images directly into a volume representation of the patient.


low-dose CT scanning

(medicine) A CT system (computed tomography) that limits the radiation exposure to the patient and produces high-resolution three-dimensional images.


in-office imaging

(medicine) The use of medical diagnostic devices in the office of a treating physician, not relying on an outside service.


CVI

(medicine) Initialism of chronic venous insufficiency.


macrodontia

(pathology, dentistry) The medical condition of having unusually large teeth.


cephalothoracic

(anatomy) Relating to or resembling a cephalothorax.


GSV

great saphenous vein
great saphenous vein#English

(medicine) Initialism of great saphenous vein.


deafferentation

deafferentation (countable and uncountable, plural deafferentations)

/diːˈæfəɹənteɪʃən/

central nervous system
central nervous system

(medicine) The state of having an incomplete afferent connection with the central nervous system.


spray

spray (countable and uncountable, plural sprays)

→ Esperanto: spraji

→ Turkish: sprey

From Middle Dutch sprāien, sprayen, spraeyen (“to spray, sprinkle, spread”), ultimately from Proto-Germanic *sprēwijaną (“to spray, sprinkle”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)per- (“to sow, scatter”).
Cognate with Middle High German spræjen, spræwen (“to squirt, spray, dust, splash, straw”), Danish dialectal språe (“to open up, burst forth”), Swedish dialectal språ (“to sprout, shoot forth, burst”), Norwegian dialectal spra, spræ (“to splash, splatter, spout, burst forth”), Dutch sproeien (“to spray, sprinkle”), German sprühen (“to spray, sparkle”).

der

(medicine, countable) A jet of fine medicated vapour, used either as an application to a diseased part or to charge the air of a room with a disinfectant or a deodorizer.


calcar

(botany, anatomy) A spur-like projection.


preoral

preoral aperture

preoral brush

preoral cavity

preoral nerve

(anatomy) Situated in front of, or anterior to, the mouth.

(psychoanalysis) Prior to the oral stage, in Freudian psychoanalysis.


postoral

en-adj

postoral (comparative more postoral, superlative most postoral)

more postoral (comparative)
most postoral (superlative)

(anatomy, zoology) Situated behind, or posterior to, the mouth


tagma

From Ancient Greek τάγμα (tágma, “something which has been ordered or arranged”).

uder

1889 Prof. J. S. Burdon Sanderson: Elementary Problems in Physiology. In: Annual Report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution, 1890.
His view is that certain well-known properties of organized bodies require for their explanation the admission that the simplest visible structure is itself made up of an arrangement of units of a far inferior order of minuteness. It is these hypothetical units that Nägeli has called Micellae.
Now, Nägeli, in the first instance, confounded the micella with molecules, conceiving that the molecule of living matter must be of enormous size. But inasmuch as we have no reason for believing that any form of living material is chemically homogeneous, it was soon recognized, perhaps first by Pfeffer, but eventually also by Nägeli himself, that a micella, the ultimate element of living material, is not equivalent to a molecule, however big or complex, but must rather be an arrangement or phalanx of molecules of different kinds. Hence the word Tagma, first used by Pfeffer, has come to be accepted as best expressing the notion. And here it must be noted that each of the physiologists to whom reference has been made, regards the micella, not as a mere aggregate of separate particles, but as connected together so as to form a system...

(physiology, dated) A specialized, structured, grouping of functionally related molecules, forming the basis the physiology and structure of larger units such as cells and tissues.


glabella

en-noun

glabella (plural glabellas or glabellae)

From Latin glaber (“smooth, hairless, bald”).

(anatomy) The space between the eyebrows and above the nose.


mesophryon

From Ancient Greek μεσόφρυον (mesóphruon), from μέσος (mésos, “between”) and ὀφρύς (ophrús, “eyebrow”).

(anatomy) glabella (the space between the eyebrows and nose)


previa

(medicine, informal) Short for placenta previa.


CVC

central venous catheter
w:central venous catheter

(medicine) Initialism of central venous catheter.


CVP

(medicine) Initialism of central venous pressure.


FACP

American College of Physicians
w:American College of Physicians

(medicine) Initialism of Fellow of the American College of Physicians.


FRCP

(medicine) Initialism of Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians.


chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (countable and uncountable, plural chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases)

chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (plural)

(medicine, pulmonology, pathology) A type of progressive lung disease characterized by long-term respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation.

maladie pulmonaire obstructive chronique

pilṭvis kroniḳuli obsṭrukciuli daavadeba

ფილტვის ქრონიკული ობსტრუქციული დაავადება

慢性閉塞性肺疾患

まんせいへいそくせいはいしっかん

xroníčeskaja obstruktívnaja boléznʹ ljóxkix

хрони́ческая обструкти́вная боле́знь лёгких

xronične obstruktyvne zaxvorjuvannja lehenʹ

хронічне обструктивне захворювання легень


CSF

CSF (countable and uncountable, plural CSFs)

cerebrospinal fluid
cerebrospinal fluid#English

(medicine) Initialism of cerebrospinal fluid.


levothyroxine

(pharmacology) The levorotatory isomer of thyroxine (trademark Levothyroid, Levoxyl, Synthroid) that is administered in the form of its sodium salt C₁₅H₁₀I₄NNaO₄ in the treatment of hypothyroidism.


nocebo

Borrowed from Latin nocēbō (“I will harm”), the first-person singular future active indicative form of noceō (“I harm”), by analogy with placebo. The word was coined by Walter P. Kennedy in a 1961 article entitled “The Nocebo Reaction” (see quotation).

It is somewhat surprising that little attention has been drawn to the existence of the contrary effect [to the placebo] – which I may call the nocebo reaction.

1961 September, Walter P. Kennedy, “The Nocebo Reaction”, in Medical World, volume 95, London: Medical Practitioners' Union, →ISSN, →OCLC, →PMID, page 203:

In the case of the nocebo, it is negative expectations that become self-fulfilling prophecies.

2009 April 25, Stuart Blackman, “Why health warnings can be bad”, in Financial Times:

It seems to be a "nocebo" effect – the self-diagnosed gluten sensitive patients expected to feel worse on the study diets, so they did.

2014 May 15, Jennifer Welsh, “Researchers who Provided Key Evidence for Gluten Sensitivity have now Thoroughly Shown that It Doesn’t Exist”, in Business Insider, archived from the original on 2017-07-02:

If there's one lesson to be drawn from the nocebo effect, it's that ideas are never merely ideas. […] Maybe you see where I'm going with this: our grim view of humanity is also a nocebo.

2020, Rutger Bregman, Humankind, Bloomsbury Publishing, →ISBN:

(pharmacology, also attributive) A substance which a patient experiences as harmful due to a previous negative perception, but which is in fact pharmacologically (medicinally) inactive.

nocebo

pharmacologically inactive substance experienced as harmful


FACEP

(medicine) Initialism of fellow of the American College of Emergency Physicians.


methicillin

methicillin (countable and uncountable, plural methicillins)

The new strain was dubbed methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, or MRSA.

2019, Bill Bryson, The Body: A Guide for Occupants, Black Swan (2020), page 53:

(pharmacology) Alternative spelling of meticillin.


TMP-SMX

(medicine) Abbreviation of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.


PICC

(medicine) Initialism of peripherally inserted central catheter.


apocrine

From apo- (“away from”) + Ancient Greek κρῑ́νω (krī́nō, “to separate”).

uder

They observed that apocrine metaplasia often was present in breasts with other "noncancerous proliferative lesions," but they found no significant difference in the frequency of apocrine metaplasia between "cancerous and noncancerous breasts."

2001, Paul Peter Rosen, Rosen's Breast Pathology, page 97:

Lobular cysts as well as micro- and macrocysts are very often lined to a variable extent by apocrine epithelium. Pathologists call this condition apocrine metaplasia, meaning a transformation of the normal epithelial cells into sweat-gland-like cells similar to those found in the apocrine glands of the vulva, eyelid, and external auditory canal.

2003, Marton Lanyi, Mammography: Diagnosis and Morphological Analysis, page 64:

Apocrine glands are distributed throughout the body but are present in greatest abundance in the axilla, followed by the anogenital region.

2011, Jivko A. Kamarashev, “3.2.1: Tumours with Apocrine and Eccrine Differentiation”, in Reinhard Dummer, Mark R. Pittelkow, Keiji Iwatsuki, Adèle Green, Nagwa M. Elwan, editors, Skin Cancer - A World-Wide Perspective, page 128:

Two appreciate what happened, note that sweat glands come in two varieties, apocrine and eccrine.

2016, Joseph Henrich, chapter 5, in The Secret of Our Success […] , Princeton: Princeton University Press, →ISBN:

(anatomy, biology, histology) Of or pertaining to an apocrine gland or to its mode of secretion, which involves the budding of portions of the secreting cells.

apokriininen

of or pertaining to an apocrine gland or to its mode of secretion


apocrine gland

Coordinate term: eccrine gland

At puberty, apocrine glands start producing a viscous pheromone-containing secretion, which is often processed by bacteria to create a strong aroma. These glands are confined to our armpits, nipples, and groin (guess what they are for?).

(anatomy) Any of several coiled, tubular glands that extrudes part of the cytoplasm as a secretion.

大汗腺

any of several coiled, tubular glands that extrudes part of the cytoplasm as a secretion


crown gall

(phytopathology) A disease of plants caused by infection of soil bacteria of the genus Agrobacterium


induration

en-noun

induration (countable and uncountable, plural indurations)

/ɪndjʊˈɹeɪʃən/

From Middle English induracioun, from Old French induracion (“hardness, obstinacy”) or directly from Medieval Latin induratiō.

der

(medicine) Hardening of an area of the body as a reaction to inflammation, hyperemia, or neoplastic infiltration.

втвърдяване

medical: hardening of an area of the body

Both erythema and induration appear to be adequate indices of tuberculin sensitivity.

2005. Kimura, et al. "Comparison of erythema and induration as results of tuberculin tests." Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2005;9(8):853-7. PMID 16104630

The erythema had spread to 20 cm, and the central induration had spread to 9 cm.

2005. Race, et al. "Painful nodule with induration and spreading erythema." Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings. 2005;18(4):401–404

(medicine) An area or part of the body that has undergone such a reaction. Most often this term is used to describe dermatologic findings.


metacentric

(genetics) Of a chromosome: having the centromere approximately in the middle, such that the two arms are of similar length.


columelloplasty

(surgery) A suture technique to correct caudal septal cartilage dislocation.


septal

(anatomy, biology, relational) Of or pertaining to a septum.


adaptogen

Borrowed from Russian адаптоген (adaptogen), coined by Soviet toxicologist and pharmacologist Nikolai Vasilyevich Lazarev, equivalent to adapt + -o- + -gen.

coin

As members sipped from their glasses, Joey Rubin, a leader of the group’s Los Angeles chapter, explained that the drink contained adaptogens, herbs said to increase focus and stimulate creativity.

2022 March 2, Erin Woo, Kevin Roose, “This Social Club Runs On Crypto Tokens and Vibes”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

alternative medicine
alternative medicine

(alternative medicine) Any natural herbal substance, such as ginseng, that is purported to assist the body to adapt to stress, and to exert a normalizing effect upon body functions.

適應原 /适应原

herbal substance with a normalizing effect upon body functions


karyotype

Borrowed from Russian кариотип (kariotip), equivalent to karyo- + -type.

bor+

(genetics) The observed characteristics (number, type, shape, etc) of the chromosomes of an individual or species.

(genetics) A record of such characteristics, usually photographic.

(obsolete, genetics) A group of individuals or species that have the same chromosomal characteristics.


karyotypic

(genetics) Of or pertaining to karyotypes


epigenome

/ˌɛpɪˈd͡ʒiːnoʊm/

It is now possible to define whole epigenomes, representing the totality of epigenetic marks in a given cell type. Epigenetic processes are essential for packaging and interpreting the genome, are fundamental to normal development and are increasingly recognized as being involved in human disease.

2008 August 7, The American Association for Cancer Research Human Epigenome Task Force, European Union, Network of Excellence, Scientific Advisory Board, “Moving AHEAD with an international human epigenome project”, in Nature, volume 454, →DOI, page 711:

(genetics) The total epigenetic state of a cell.

(genetics) A chemical responsible for the activation of a particular gene.


NURF

(genetics) Abbreviation of nucleosome remodeling factor: one of several ISWI-containing protein complexes that catalyze ATP-dependent nucleosome sliding and facilitate transcription of chromatin in vitro.


nucleosome

From nucleo- + -some, and to evoke the older name nu body. Coined by P. Oudet et al. in 1975 (see quotation below).

We have termed these particles “nucleosomes,” to evoke their nuclear origin and their resemblance to the “nu” (ν) bodies described by Olins and Olins (1974).

1975, P. Oudet, M. Gross-Bellard, P.Champon, “Electron Microscopic and Biochemical Evidence that Chromosome Structure Is a Repeating Unit”, in Cell, →PMID, page 9:

(genetics) Any of the subunits that repeat in chromatin; a coil of DNA surrounding a core of eight histones.


ORF

open reading frame
open reading frame#English

(genetics) Initialism of open reading frame.


open reading frame

en-noun

open reading frame (plural open reading frames)

open reading frames (plural)
as: ORF (abbreviation)

(genetics) A sequence of DNA triplets, between the initiator and terminator codons, that can be transcribed into mRNA and later translated into protein.

开放阅读框

a span of DNA sequence between the start and stop codons


paramutation

paramutation (countable and uncountable, plural paramutations)

(genetics) A mutation in which a heritable change in one allele is induced by another in the same locus


natural killer

natural killers (plural)
as: NK (abbreviation)


natural killer cell

natural killer cell (plural natural killer cells)

The description "natural killer" refers to the fact that they do not require activation to kill cells missing MHC class I "self" markers.

While such information doesn't assist us in deciding whether natural killer cells derive from a macrophage or T cell lineage, it does tell us that the mouse natural killer cell system is a thymus dependent system.

1982, Gustavo Cudkowicz, “Regulation of Natural Cytotoxic Activity”, in Sigurd J. Normann, Ernst Sorkin, editors, Macrophages and Natural Killer Cells, Plenum Press, page 767:

1984, Meir Kende, Joseph Gainer, Michael A. Chirigos (editors), Chemical Regulation of Immunity in Veterinary Medicine: Proceedings of a Symposium, A. R. Liss, page 138,
Natural killer cell activity is currently an area of active interest in cellular immunology (Herberman 1981).

The effects of lead exposure of varying duration on natural killer cell and T-lymphocyte function were investigated in rats.

1999, Toxicological Profile for Lead, United States Department of Health and Human Services, page 173:

innate immune system
innate immune system

(immunology) Any cell that expresses cell surface receptors that deliver signals to either activate or inhibit a response as part of the innate immune system.

cytotoxic T cell

performs an analogous role for the adaptive immune system


myxochondroepithelioma

(anatomy) A benign tumor of the salivary gland, composed of three kinds of cells: epithelial cells, chondrocytes and stroma cells.


cloverleaf skull

cloverleaf skull (plural cloverleaf skulls)

(pathology) The abnormal skull resulting from craniosynostosis.


craniosynostosis

craniosynostosis (countable and uncountable, plural craniosynostoses)

(pathology) A medical condition in which some or all of the sutures in the skull of an infant close too early, causing problems with normal brain and skull growth.


cancellate

en-adj

cancellate (comparative more cancellate, superlative most cancellate)

more cancellate (comparative)
most cancellate (superlative)

From Latin cancellatus, past participle of cancellare.


benzathine benzylpenicillin

(pharmacology) An aqueous suspension of a relatively insoluble salt of benzylpenicillin that is absorbed slowly following intramuscular injection to provide a low but persistent level of benzylpenicillin in the blood plasma.


benzylpenicillin

(pharmacology) The penicillin C₁₆H₁₈N₂O₄S that constitutes the principal or sole component of most commercial preparations and is used chiefly in the form of its stable salts (as the sodium salt C₁₆H₁₇N₂NaO₄S or potassium salt C₁₆H₁₇KN₂O₄S).


penicillin G

(pharmacology) Synonym of benzylpenicillin.


phenoxymethylpenicillin

(pharmacology) A crystalline nonhygroscopic acid that is a semisynthetic form of penicillin, used in the form of its sodium or potassium salt C₁₆H₁₇KN₂O₅S, and has antibacterial action similar to benzylpenicillin and is more resistant to inactivation by gastric acids; 6-phenoxyacetamidopenicillanic acid, C₁₇H₂₀N₂O₆S.


penicillin V

(pharmacology) Synonym of phenoxymethylpenicillin.


procaine penicillin

(pharmacology) A narrow-spectrum penicillin antibiotic.