scrofulous

en-adj

scrofulous (comparative more scrofulous, superlative most scrofulous)

more scrofulous (comparative)
most scrofulous (superlative)

Borrowed from New Latin scrōfulōsus. Surface analysis: scrofula + -ous.

On the ſurface of the water there floats a liquid bitumen, although it be every day ſcummed off, as it doth on the lake Aſphaltites in Judæa: The Inhabitants uſe it as pitch: it is alſo found to be an excellent vulnerary, and good in curing old cacoethic and ſcrophulous ulcers.

1757, John Rutty, A Methodical Synopsis of Mineral Waters, Comprehending the Most Celebrated Medicinal Waters, both Cold and Hot, of Great-Britain, Ireland, France, Germany, and Italy, and several other Parts of the World, London: Printed for William Johnston, at the Golden Ball in St. Paul's Church-Yard, →OCLC, page 494:

The proſtate gland is ſometimes ſcrofulous. I have ſeen, in cutting into it, preciſely the ſame white curdly matter, which takes place in a ſcrofulous abſorbent gland. In ſqueezing it alſo, I have forced from out from its ducts a ſcrofulous pus.

1794 August, Matthew Baillie, “Art. VII. The Morbid Anatomy of Some of the Most Important Parts of the Human Body. By Matthew Baillie, M.D. F.R.S. Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians, and Physician of St. George’s Hospital. 8vo. pp. 314. 6s. Boards. Johnson. 1793. [book review]”, in The Monthly Review; or, Literary Journal, Enlarged, volume XIV, London: Printed for R[alph] Griffiths; and sold by T[homas] Becket, in Pall Mall, →OCLC, page 407:

(pathology, dated) Of, related to, or suffering from scrofula (form of tuberculosis tending to cause enlarged lymph nodes and skin inflammation).

risatautinen

of, related to, or suffering from scrofula


hemopoiesis

en-noun

hemopoiesis (usually uncountable, plural hemopoieses)

(hematology, cytology) Formation of new cellular components of the blood in myeloid or lymphatic tissue.


carpal

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-carpal.wav

(anatomy) Any of the eight bones of the wrist (carpus).


humerus

From Late Latin humerus, from umerus. Cognate with Spanish hombro (“shoulder”).

Jojo was fine, however—well, she had a fractured humerus and needed to stay overnight, but it could’ve been a lot worse.

2022, N. K. Jemisin, The World We Make, Orbit, page 76:


clavicle

Borrowed from Middle French clavicule, from Latin clāvicula (“a small key”), diminutive of clāvis (“a key”).

Mr. Trump then used his free hand to lunge towards Bobby Engel, and, when Mr. Ornato had recounted the story to me, he had motioned towards his clavicles.

2022 June 28, Cassidy Hutchinson, 0:47 from the start, in Secret Service officials: Agents willing to dispute Trump SUV incident under oath, CNN:

And you worked a lot too. You were thin from biking around all day; your protruding clavicles collected rainwater.

2022, Ling Ma, “Yeti Lovemaking”, in Bliss Montage, New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, →ISBN:

(anatomy) The collarbone; the prominent bone at the top of the chest between the shoulder and the neck connecting the shoulder and the breastbone.


inclusion

inclusion (countable and uncountable, plural inclusions)

Borrowed from Latin inclusio, inclusionis, from the verb Latin inclūdō (“to shut in, enclose, insert”), from in- (“in”) + claudō (“to shut”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kleh₂u- (“key, hook, nail”). By surface analysis, include + -sion. Doublet of enclosure.

der

(cytology) A nuclear or cytoplasmic aggregate of stainable substances.


exuberant

en-adj

exuberant (comparative more exuberant, superlative most exuberant)

more exuberant (comparative)
most exuberant (superlative)

/ɪɡˈzuːbəɹənt/

From Middle French exubérant, from Latin exūberāns, the present active participle of exūberō (“be abundant”). Put together from ex (“out”), and uber (“udder”), and originally would have referred to a cow or she-goat which was making so much milk that it naturally dripped or sprayed from the udder.

(medicine) Unusually proliferative, widespread or extreme, particularly in relation to a disease, immune reaction, or tissue


fasciculus

Unadapted borrowing from Latin fasciculus. Doublet of fascicle.

ubor

(anatomy) A small bundle of nerve, muscle or tendon fibers.


tutti-frutti

en-noun

tutti-frutti (countable and uncountable, plural tutti-fruttis)

From Sicilian tutti frutti (“all fruits”), so attested in 1838 for a kind of sorbet.

(New Zealand, drugs) A type of inhalable, powdered drug.


sequester

From Middle English sequestren (verb) and sequestre (noun), from Old French sequestrer, from Late Latin sequestrō (“separate, give up for safekeeping”), from Latin sequester (“mediator, depositary”), probably originally meaning "follower", from Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ- (“follow”).


variation

en-noun

variation (usually uncountable, plural variations)

/ˌvɛəɹɪˈeɪʃn̩/

/ˌvɛəɹiˈeɪʃn̩/

/ˌvæɹiˈeɪʃn̩/

/ˌvɛɹiˈeɪʃn̩/

From Middle French variation, from Old French variacion, from Latin variātiō, from vary + -ation.

(genetics) The modification of a hereditary trait.


failure

failure (countable and uncountable, plural failures)

From Anglo-Norman failer, from Old French faillir (“to fail”).

heart failure

congestive heart failure

liver failure

kidney failure

State or condition of not meeting a desirable or intended objective, opposite of success.

(pathology) A condition in which a specified organ does not function well enough to support life.

فَشَل

(pathology) condition in which a specified organ does not function well enough to support life


spleen

spleen (countable and uncountable, plural spleens)

Tok Pisin: splin

→ French: spleen

→ German: Spleen

→ Ido: spleno

→ Polish: splin, spleen

→ Romanian: spleen

→ Spanish: esplín

→ Swedish: spleen

From Middle English splene, splen, from Anglo-Norman espleen and Old French esplein, esplen, from Latin splēn (“milt”), from Ancient Greek σπλήν (splḗn, “the spleen”). Doublet of lien. Partially displaced the native English term milt.

der

(anatomy, immunology) In vertebrates, including humans, a ductless vascular gland, located in the left upper abdomen near the stomach, which destroys old red blood cells, removes debris from the bloodstream, acts as a reservoir of blood, and produces lymphocytes.


morbidity

en-noun

morbidity (countable and uncountable, plural morbidities)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-morbidity.wav

Recorded since 1656; from morbid, from Latin morbidus (“diseased”), from morbus (“disease”), from the root of morī (“to die”) or from Proto-Indo-European *mer- (“to rub, pound, wear away”).

der

(medicine) The incidence of a disease, as a rate of a population which is affected.

(medicine, countable) An occurrence of illness or disease, or a single symptom of that illness.

发病

(medicine, countable) Adverse effects caused by a medical treatment such as surgery.


hypothermia

en-noun

hypothermia (countable and uncountable, plural hypothermias)

→ Japanese: ハイポサーミア

→ Turkish: hipotermiya

/ˌhaɪpəʊˈθɜː(ɹ)mi.ə/

From New Latin, from Ancient Greek ὑπο- (hupo-, “under”) + θέρμη (thérmē, “heat”) + feminine suffix -ία.

affix

Hypothermia is the systemic cold injury.

(pathology) Abnormally low body temperature; specifically, below 35 degrees Celsius for humans.


chronogram

From chrono- + -gram, from Ancient Greek χρόνος (khrónos, “time”) + γράμμα (grámma, “writing”).

(genetics) A phylogenetic tree that has branch spans proportional to evolutionary time.


diagnose

en-verb

diagnose (third-person singular simple present diagnoses, present participle diagnosing, simple past and past participle diagnosed)

diagnoses (present singular third-person)
diagnosing (participle present)
diagnosed (participle past)
diagnosed (past)

/ˈdʌɪ.əɡˌnəʊz/

/ˌdʌɪ.əɡˈnəʊz/

Back-formation from diagnosis. Compare also sclerose (verb).

(transitive, medicine) To determine which disease is causing a sick person's signs and symptoms; to find the diagnosis.


barbie

Clipping of barbiturate + -ie (diminutive suffix).

“At nights,” she says, “we were both in our own little worlds, him with his alcohol and me with my barbies.”

1971, The Bulletin, volume 93, numbers 4762–4774, page 35:

Then one day the King said, / Jules, you're grounded. / Absolutely grounded. / This is it. So Jules took / barbies, you know, barbiturates, / and he stayed down. Way down. / Grounded like his father said.

1989, The Pembroke Magazine, volumes 21–23, page 162:


indolence

en-noun

indolence (usually uncountable, plural indolences)

Borrowed from Middle French indolence, or from its etymon Latin indolentia (“freedom from pain; insensibility”), from in- (prefix meaning ‘not’) + dolēns (“hurting, suffering; grieving, lamenting”) + -ia (suffix forming feminine abstract nouns). Dolēns is the present participle of doleō (“to hurt, suffer; to be sorry, deplore, grieve for, lament”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *delh₁- (“to divide, split”).


preceptor

From Middle English preceptor, preceptur, from Latin praeceptor (“commander; instructor”), from the verb praecipiō + -or (“-er: forming agent nouns”), from prae- (“pre-, fore-: before”) + capiō (“to take; to get, to take in, to understand”).

Coordinate term: orientee

(medicine, chiefly US) A doctor who gives practical training to medical students, nurses etc.


ASIS

anterior superior iliac spine
w:anterior superior iliac spine

(anatomy) Initialism of anterior superior iliac spine.


SN

en-noun

SN (countable and uncountable, plural SNs)

substantia nigra
substantia nigra#English

(neuroanatomy) Initialism of substantia nigra.


diaphoresis

diaphoresis (countable and uncountable, plural diaphoreses)

Borrowed from Late Latin diaphorēsis, from Ancient Greek δῐᾰφόρησῐς (dĭăphórēsĭs, “evaporation, dissipation, perspiration”); by surface analysis, dia- (“through, across”) + -phoresis (“transmission”); also synchronically held to end in the suffix -esis.

surf

(physiology, medicine) The formation and excretion of sweat.

The train of symptoms which mark the typhoid variety of scarlatina generally begin to decline about the tenth or twelfth day, when the case often lapses into a condition similar to rheumatic fever, without its characteristic diaphoreses.

1865, William J. Cummins, “Remarks on Scarlatina”, in The Dublin Quarterly Journal of Medical Science, volume 39, number 1, page 14:

en:sweating, noun, literally
en:excessive sweating, noun, literally

(physiology, medicine, sometimes more particularly) Excessive sweating; excessive perspiration (more than would be expected in response to a given stimulus; especially when profuse as a symptom of disease or a side effect of a drug).


upper arm

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-upper arm.wav

(anatomy) The section of an arm from the elbow to the shoulder.


pessary

From French pessaire, from Latin pessarium.


diagnostics

en-noun

diagnostics (countable and uncountable, plural diagnostics)

Near-synonym: diagnosis

Diagnostics is the area in which this molecule is most useful, whereas it is not a treatment target in itself.

The diagnostics were extensive, with scores of laboratory tests.

(singular or plural in construction) The process of arriving at a diagnosis (through diagnostic efforts: tests, analysis, thought).

(medicine) Diagnostic methods considered collectively.


xeno-

From Ancient Greek ξένος (xénos, “alien”).

porcine xenograft

(biology, medicine, transplantation) From a donor of another species.


placebo effect

(pharmacology) The tendency of any medication or treatment, even an inert or ineffective one, to exhibit results simply because the recipient believes that it will work.

placebo-effect

tendency for a substance to exhibit results due to belief of the recipient


pedicel

From Late Latin pedīcellus, diminutive of pedīculus (“foot-stalk or pedicle of a fruit or leaf”), diminutive of pēs (“foot”).

(anatomy) A stalk-shaped body part; an anatomical part that resembles a stem or stalk.


antitussive

Coordinate term: protussive

(pharmacology) A cough suppressant or a drug that inhibits coughing.

antitusikum

a cough suppressant or a drug that inhibits coughing


antitussive

en-adj

antitussive (comparative more antitussive, superlative most antitussive)

more antitussive (comparative)
most antitussive (superlative)

Coordinate term: protussive

(pharmacology) Having cough suppressant abilities.


RSI

en-noun

RSI (countable and uncountable, plural RSIs)

repetitive strain injury
repetitive strain injury#English

(pathology) Initialism of repetitive strain injury.

rapid sequence induction
rapid sequence induction#English

(medicine) Initialism of rapid sequence induction.


grinder

From Middle English grinder, grindere, from Old English grindere (“one or that which grinds; grinder”), equivalent to grind + -er.


torpedo

* Borrowed from Latin torpēdō (“a torpedo fish; numbness, torpidity, electric ray”), from torpeō (“I am stiff, numb, torpid; I am astounded; I am inactive”) + -ēdō (noun suffix), from Proto-Indo-European *ster- (“stiff”). In the military sense coined by Robert Fulton in 1805. Cognate with Old English steorfan (“to die”), Ancient Greek στερεός (stereós, “solid”), Lithuanian tirpstu (“to become rigid”), Old Church Slavonic трупети (trupeti).
* (type of car): From 1908, after "the Torpedo", a car designed by Captain Theo Masui.

cog

In several human neurodegenerative diseases, focal axonal swellings on Purkinje cells – known as torpedoes – have been associated with Purkinje cell loss. Interestingly, torpedoes are also reported to appear transiently during development in rat cerebellum.

2016 November 2, Lovisa Ljungberg, Daneck Lang-Ouellette, Angela Yang, Sriram Jayabal, Sabrina Quilez, Alanna J. Watt, “Transient Developmental Purkinje Cell Axonal Torpedoes in Healthy and Ataxic Mouse Cerebellum”, in Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, volume 10, →DOI, article 248, page 1:

(neuroscience) A focal ovoid swelling on the axons of Purkinje cells, observed in several diseases such as essential tremor and spinocerebellar ataxia.


satellite

From Middle French satellite, from Latin satelles (“attendant”). Ultimately perhaps of Etruscan origin.

(genetics) A very large array of tandemly repeating, non-coding DNA.


dissect

en-verb

dissect (third-person singular simple present dissects, present participle dissecting, simple past and past participle dissected)

dissects (present singular third-person)
dissecting (participle present)
dissected (participle past)
dissected (past)

Borrowed from Latin dissectus past participle of dissecare (“to cut asunder, cut up”), from dis- (“asunder”) + secare (“to cut”); see section.

Now dissect the triceps away from its attachment on the humerus.

(transitive, anatomy, surgery) To separate muscles, organs, etc. without cutting into them or disrupting their architecture.

irrottaa

to separate muscles, organs, and so on without cutting or disrupting

(transitive, pathology) Of an infection or foreign material, following the fascia separating muscles or other organs.


euthanasiate

That chemical methods of euthanasia (such as injectable euthanasiates such as barbituates) far outweighed all other methods used to perform euthanasia of laboratory animals.

1990, Gary Martinic, “euthanasia of laboratory animals”, in Animal Technology:

The Environmental Health Unit of Queensland Health has issued appropriately trained wildlife carers in two organisations with authority to hold and use a small selection of restricted (S4) veterinary drugs including: Pentabarbitone sodium (Valabarb, Lethabarb): a veterinary euthanasiate; Alfaxalone and Zoletil: anaesthetics; Diazepam (Pamlin): a sedative; Meloxicam: an antiinflammatory pain reliever.

2005, Jon Haner, Andrew Tribe, “Management of critically ill wildlife: the reality and practice of wildlife euthanasia”, in National Wildlife Rehabilitation Conference:

At all times the euthanasiates should be in a locked container/area when not in the possession of a veterinarian

2012, Australian Veternary Association, Indigenous Community Animal Health Program (ICAHP) Model and Guidelines:

(veterinary medicine) Any drug used to euthanize an animal.


euthanasiate

euthanasiate (third-person singular simple present euthanasiates, present participle euthanasiating, simple past and past participle euthanasiated)

euthanasiates (present singular third-person)
euthanasiating (participle present)
euthanasiated (participle past)
euthanasiated (past)

The dog was euthanasiated 40 days after the MRI examination because its convulsions had worsened.

2000, Hiroshi Koie, Ester Norie Kurotobi, Takeo Sakai, “Double-chambered right ventricle in a dog”, in Journal of Veterinary Medical Science, volume 6:

The experiment was carried out 240 days long, on Wistar rats, intraperitoneally injected once with aqueous asbestos suspension. In the end, animals were euthanasiated by prolonged narcosis.

2008, B. Sevastre, C. Cătoi, A.I. Marcus, “LESIONAL ASPECTS IN RAT EXPERIMENTAL ASBESTOSIS”, in Bulletin of University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania:

On a stork whit multiple fractures which was later euthanasiated, some anatomic and histology observation were made on the esophagus.

2009, V Rus, V Miclaus, GC Nadas, D Cadar, “STRUCTURAL PARTICULARITIES OF THE WHITE STORK (CICONIA CICONIA) ESOPHAGUS.”, in Annals of the Romanian Society for Cell Biology, volume 14, number 1:

(veterinary medicine) To kill in a humane manner.


schedule

→ Bengali: শিডিউল (śiḍiul)

→ Cebuano: eskedyul

→ Indonesian: skedul

→ Japanese: スケジュール

→ Korean: 스케줄 (seukejul)

→ Tagalog: iskedyul

Inherited from Middle English cedule, from Middle French cedule (whence French cédule), from Old French cedule, from Late Latin schedula (“papyrus strip”), diminutive of Latin scheda, from Ancient Greek σχέδη (skhédē, “papyrus leaf”), from Proto-Hellenic *skʰíďďō, from Proto-Indo-European *skid-yé-ti, from *skeyd- (“to divide, split”). Doublet of cedula and cedule.
This word was historically pronounced /ˈsɛdjuːl/, /ˈsɛdʒuːl/; the pronunciations with /ʃ/ and /sk/ are due to the spelling (the latter may have been reinforced by learned influence); compare schism.

atodlen

a table of information forming appendix to a statute, other regulatory instrument or legal contract

menetrend

especially one with times of arrivals and departures

(law) A written or printed table of information, often forming an annex or appendix to a statute or other regulatory instrument, or to a legal contract.

(Australia, law, medicine) One of the nine schedules of the Standard for the Uniform Scheduling of Medicines and Poisons. Identical to the American usage above.


schedule

en-verb

schedule (third-person singular simple present schedules, present participle scheduling, simple past and past participle scheduled)

schedules (present singular third-person)
scheduling (participle present)
scheduled (participle past)
scheduled (past)

whether or not to schedule a patient

(Australia, medicine) To admit (a person) to hospital as an involuntary patient under a schedule of the applicable mental health law.


paludism

en-noun

paludism (usually uncountable, plural paludisms)

Unlike paludism, its course is not markedly affected by the administration of quinine or arsenic.

1897, Matthew Louis Hughes, Mediterranean, Malta or Undulant Fever, London: Macmillan, page 3:


areolar

en-adj

areolar (comparative more areolar, superlative most areolar)

more areolar (comparative)
most areolar (superlative)

Although this may be caused by erroneous preoperative markings, areolar diameter differences are usually caused by skin tension differences between the breasts after wound closure.

2016, Onelio Garcia Jr., “Management of Asymmetry After Breast Reduction”, in Dennis C. Hammond, editor, Clinics in Plastic Surgery, Vol. 43, No. 2: Complications in Breast Reduction, Elsevier, page 377:

areolar tissue

2012, James W. Fleshman Jr., Open Total Proctocolectomy and Ileal Pouch, James W. Fleshman, Elisa H Birnbaum, Steven R Hunt, Matthew G Mutch, Ira J Kodner, Bashar Safar, Atlas of Surgical Techniques for Colon, Rectum and Anus, Elsevier (Elsevier Saunders), page 130,
At the level of the sacral promontory, an areolar tissue plane begins behind the superior hemorrhoidal artery (Figure 9-3A and B).

(anatomy) Characterised by areolae (intercellular spaces).


metamorphosis

en-noun

metamorphosis (countable and uncountable, plural metamorphoses)

/ˌmɛtəˈmɔːfəsɪs/

/ˌmɛtəmɔːˈfəʊsɪs/

/ˌmɛtəˈmɔɹfəsɪs/

First attested in 1533, from Latin metamorphōsis, from Ancient Greek μεταμόρφωσις (metamórphōsis), from μετά (metá, “change”) + μορφή (morphḗ, “form”). Analyzable as meta- + -morph + -osis

der

μεταμόρφωσις

(pathology) A change, usually degenerative, in the structure of a specific body tissue.


discography

/ˌdɪsˈkɒɡɹəfi/

/ˌdɪsˈkɑɡɹəfi/

(medicine) radiography of the spine after injection of a contrast medium into a disc.


regulon

(genetics) A group of genes that are regulated by the same regulatory molecule. The genes of a regulon share a common regulatory element binding site or promoter. The genes comprising a regulon may be located non-contiguously in the genome


hypoglycemia

en-noun

hypoglycemia (countable and uncountable, plural hypoglycemias)

From hypo- + glycemia or hypo- + glyc- + -emia.

(pathology) A too low level of blood glucose.

glycemia

polysemic; may be hypernym or coordinate term, depending on sense used


tonic

en-adj

tonic (comparative more tonic, superlative most tonic)

more tonic (comparative)
most tonic (superlative)

From Ancient Greek τονικός (tonikós), from τόνος (tónos). 17th century writers believed health to be derived from firmly stretched muscles, thus tonic; the extension of tonic medicine appeared in the late 18th century. By surface analysis, ton(e) + -ic.

Out in front and across the street, Doc noted half a dozen or so young men, not loitering or doing substances but poised and tonic, as if waiting for some standing order to take effect.

2009, Thomas Pynchon, Inherent Vice, Vintage, published 2010, page 316:

(physics, pathology) Pertaining to tension, especially of muscles.

Peter Redgrave (2007) Basal ganglia. Scholarpedia, 2(6):1825.
GABAergic neurones in the basal ganglia output nuclei have high tonic firing rates (40-80 Hz).

(medicine, neuroscience) In a state of continuous unremitting action.


tonic

en-verb

tonic (third-person singular simple present tonics, present participle tonicking, simple past and past participle tonicked)

tonics (present singular third-person)
tonicking (participle present)
tonicked (participle past)
tonicked (past)

When all signs of effusion, dulness, pain, œgophony, and cough had disappeared he was dieted, stimulated, and tonicked.

1887, Medical Press and Circular, volume 94, page 461:

The Persians, as a nation, were first to discover that fish were edible. The time is fixed at about 3000 B.C. This was their secret for some centuries—until the Assyrians learned about the elegance of fish for tonicking the brain.

1939, Frank Grant Menke, Encyclopedia of Sports, page 17:

(medicine, archaic) To restore or invigorate.


variant

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-variant.wav

Recorded since c.1380, from Old French variant, from Latin variāns, the present active participle of variō (“to change”).

Most train operators have reduced services with emergency timetables, as they struggle to cope with a rapid increase in staff absences due to the Omicron variant of COVID.

2022 January 12, Paul Clifton, “Network News: Emergency timetables as absences surge due to COVID”, in RAIL, number 948, page 6:

(genetics) A different sequence of a gene (locus).


flask

flask (third-person singular simple present flasks, present participle flasking, simple past and past participle flasked)

flasks (present singular third-person)
flasking (participle present)
flasked (participle past)
flasked (past)

From Middle English flask, flaske (“case, cask, keg”), from Old English flasce, flaxe (“bottle, flask”) and Medieval Latin flascō (“bottle”); from Frankish *flaskā; whence also Dutch fles; both from Proto-Germanic *flaskǭ (“braid-covered bottle, wicker-enclosed jug”) (whence also German Low German Flaske, Fless, German Flasche, Danish flaske), from Proto-Indo-European *ploḱ-skō (“flat”) (whence also Lithuanian plókščias, Czech ploský, Albanian flashkët), or from Proto-Indo-European *pleḱ- (“to weave”). Doublet of fiasco, flacon, and flagon.
The sense “laboratory glassware” is from Italian fiasco, and the sense “container for holding a casting mold” is from Middle French flasque (“powder flask”), itself from Old Spanish flasco, frasco, both from Late Latin above.

der

(dentistry) To invest a denture in a flask so as to produce a sectional mold.


atopic

en-adj

atopic (comparative more atopic, superlative most atopic)

more atopic (comparative)
most atopic (superlative)

(medicine) Pertaining to or suffering from atopy.


anesthetic

/ˌænəsˈθɛtɪk/

From Ancient Greek ἀναίσθητος (anaísthētos, “insensible”), from ἀν- (an-, “un-”) + αἰσθητικός (aisthētikós, “perceptible”).

der

After a local anesthetic is applied to the eye, do not rub or wipe the eye until the anesthetic has worn off and feeling in the eye returns.

1994, Anesthetics (Ophthalmic) (original version), Drugs.com

Modern anesthetics can be divided into several different groups according to how and where they act to reduce pain.
During premedication, the anesthetist may give a patient drugs that make him or her feel relaxed and drowsy before the actual general anesthetic is administered.

2004, David B. Jacoby, R. M. Youngson, Encyclopedia of Family Health, Marshall Cavendish, page 91:

(American spelling, medicine) A substance administered to reduce the perception of pain or to induce numbness for surgery and may render the recipient unconscious.

مُخَدِّر

a substance for the reduced perception of pain


scalp

en-verb

scalp (third-person singular simple present scalps, present participle scalping, simple past and past participle scalped)

scalps (present singular third-person)
scalping (participle present)
scalped (participle past)
scalped (past)

From Middle English scalp, skalp, scalpe (“crown of the head; skull”). Originally a northern word, and therefore probably from a North Germanic source, although the sense-development is unclear; compare Sylt North Frisian Skolp (“dandruff”), Old Norse skálpr (“sheath”), Old Swedish skalp, Dutch schelp (“shell”).

We must […]"scalp" the whole lid [of the eye].

1870, J. S. Wells, Treatise on the Diseases of the Eye:


benign

en-adj

benign (comparative benigner or more benign, superlative benignest or most benign)

benigner (comparative)
more benign (comparative)
benignest (superlative)
most benign (superlative)

From Middle English benigne, benygne, from Old French benigne, from Latin benignus (“kind, good”), from bene (“well”) + genus (“origin, kind”). Compare malign.

a benign tumor

(medicine) Not posing any serious threat to health; not particularly aggressive or recurrent.

բարորակ

(medicine) not posing any serious threat to health — see also malignant


ramification

en-noun

ramification (countable and uncountable, plural ramifications)

/ɹæmɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/

/ˌɹæməfəˈkeɪʃən/

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-ramification.wav

From Middle French ramification, or its source, Latin ramificō.

The character of trees may be studied to advantage […] in winter, when the forms of the ramification can be seen in the naked boughs […]

1829, Lincoln Phelps, Familiar Lectures on Botany, page 179:

From the left chamber or ventricle of the strong muscular mass, the heart, a large tube arises, called the aorta; and by a continued division or ramification, opens a way for the bright scarlet blood to the very minutest part of the living frame […]

1856, Neil Arnott, Isaac Hayes, Elements of Physics, pages 414–5:

[…]we may be sure that Becky and Briggs looked out those august names in the Peerage, and followed the noble races up through all the ramifications of the family tree.

1847 January – 1848 July, William Makepeace Thackeray, chapter XLVIII, in Vanity Fair […], London: Bradbury and Evans […], published 1848, →OCLC:

“You live in a different world to me, Mr. Overton—a sweeter and healthier one. My ramifications stretch out into many sections of society, but never, I am happy to say, into amateur sport, which is the best and soundest thing in England.[…]

1904 August, A[rthur] Conan Doyle, “The Adventure of the Missing Three-Quarter”, in The Return of Sherlock Holmes, New York, N.Y.: McClure, Phillips & Co., published February 1905, →OCLC:

Quite unexpectedly an idea popped into Tarzan's head. In following out the many ramifications of the dictionary definition of God he had come upon the word create—“to cause to come into existence; to form out of nothing.”

1919, Edgar Rice Burroughs, “The God of Tarzan”, in Jungle Tales of Tarzan, pages 92–93:

(botany, anatomy, also figurative) A branching-out, the act or result of developing branches; specifically the divergence of the stem and limbs of a plant into smaller ones, or of similar developments in blood vessels, anatomical structures etc.


gastrointestinal tract

gastrointestinal tract (plural gastrointestinal tracts)


locus

Holonyms: subband, band, region

Meronyms: sublocus; gene, pseudogene

(genetics) A fixed position on a chromosome that may be occupied by one or more genes.


plague

plague (countable and uncountable, plural plagues)

From Middle English plage, borrowed from Old French plage, from Latin plāga (“blow, wound”), from plangō (“to strike”). Cognate with Middle Dutch plāghe (> Dutch plaag), plāghen (> Dutch plagen); Middle Low German plāge; Middle High German plāge, pflāge (> German Plage); plāgen (> German plagen); Swedish plåga; French plaie, Occitan plaga. Doublet of plaga. Displaced native Old English wōl.

(pathology) An epidemic or pandemic caused by any pestilence, but specifically by the above disease.

طَاعُون

an epidemic or pandemic caused by any pestilence


shiver

Origin uncertain, perhaps an alteration of chavel, or a frequentive of sheaf.

(medicine) A bodily response to early hypothermia.ᵂᵖ


fillet

From Middle English filet, vylette, felet, filette, flette, from Old French filet, diminutive of fil (“thread”), from Latin fīlum (“thread”).

(anatomy) A fascia; a band of fibres; applied especially to certain bands of white matter in the brain.


translingual

From trans- (“across”) + lingual (“having to do with languages or tongues”).

pre

Simultaneous recordings of the translingual potential and integrated neural response of the rat.

1985, Hech, Welter & DeSimone, Chemical Senses:

(medicine) Occurring or being measured across the tongue.


shoulder

From Middle English schuldre, sholder, shulder, schulder, from Old English sculdra, sculdor (“shoulder”), from Proto-West Germanic *skuldru (“shoulder”), of uncertain origin. Perhaps related to Proto-Germanic *skelduz (“shield”), see shield. Cognate with Old Frisian skuldere (“shoulder”) (West Frisian skouder (“shoulder”)), Middle Low German scholder (“shoulder”), Low German Schuller (“shoulder”), Dutch schouder (“shoulder”), German Schulter (“shoulder”).

inh

you can't put an old head on young shoulders

The part of an animal's body between the base of the neck and forearm socket.

(anatomy) The joint between the arm and the torso, sometimes including the surrounding muscles, tendons, and ligaments.


CV

en-noun

CV (countable and uncountable, plural CVs)

Abbreviation
* (anime, Japanimation): From Japanese CV (CV), from English character+voice
* (aircraft carrier): Initialism of cruiser (“croiseur”) + French voler (“to fly”).

initialism of

(pathology) Initialism of cytolytic vaginosis.


CV

CV disease; CV risk

(medicine) Initialism of cardiovascular.

CV angle

(anatomy, medicine) Initialism of costovertebral.


fugue

Borrowed from French fugue, from Italian fuga (“flight, ardor”), from Latin fuga (“act of fleeing”), from fugiō (“to flee”); compare Ancient Greek φυγή (phugḗ). Apparently from the metaphor that the first part starts alone on its course, and is pursued by later parts. Doublet of fuga.


grade

→ Japanese: グレード (gurēdo)

→ Swahili: gredi

Borrowed from Middle French grade (“a grade, degree”), from Latin gradus (“a step, pace, degree”), from Proto-Italic *graðus, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰradʰ-, *gʰredʰ- (“to walk, go”). Doublet of gradus.
Cognate with Gothic 𐌲𐍂𐌹𐌸𐍃 (griþs, “step, grade”), Bavarian Gritt (“step, stride”), Lithuanian grìdiju (“to go, wander”).

(medicine) The degree of malignity of a tumor expressed on a scale.

(Philippines, ophthalmology) An eyeglass prescription.


hydrargyrum

/haɪˈdɹɑː(ɹ)d͡ʒɪɹəm/

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Hydrargyrum, Quick-ſilver, a Mineral, of a ſtrange piercing Quality, ſo as to eat thro' Gold, Silver, &c.

1706, Edward Phillips, compiler, J[ohn] K[ersey the younger], “Hydrargyrum”, in The New World of Words: Or, Universal English Dictionary. […], 6th edition, London: […] J. Phillips, […]; N. Rhodes, […]; and J. Taylor, […], →OCLC, column 2:

‘There is a channel in the spine of her blade, and in it runs a river of hydrargyrum—a metal heavier than iron, though it flows like water.’

1980, Gene Wolfe, chapter XIV, in The Shadow of the Torturer (The Book of the New Sun; 1), New York: Simon & Schuster, →ISBN, page 129:

hydrargyron

with a pseudo-Greek -on case ending, suggesting a noble gas

(chemistry, medicine) Mercury (chemical element)

hidrargo

cognate translations of hydrargyrum — otherwise see mercury

hydrargyral = hydrargyrate = hydrargyric = hydrargyrous

hydrargyria = hydrargyriasis = hydrargyrism = hydrargyrosis = hydrargysm


podium

Borrowed from Latin podium, from Ancient Greek πόδιον (pódion, “base”), a diminutive of πούς (poús, “foot”). Doublet of pew.


evert

en-verb

evert (third-person singular simple present everts, present participle everting, simple past and past participle everted)

everts (present singular third-person)
everting (participle present)
everted (participle past)
everted (past)

From Late Latin ēvertere (“to turn (an item of clothing) inside out”), Latin ēvertere, present active infinitive of ēvertō (“to turn upside down; to overturn; to reverse”), from ē- (variant of ex- (prefix meaning ‘out, away’)) + vertō (“to reverse; to revolve, turn; to turn around”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wert- (“to rotate, turn”)).

der

But if the conjunctiva be not diseased or very firmly united to the tumour, we had better operate without everting the eyelid, and this is possible without leaving an observable scar on the eyelid.

1809, Charles Bell, “Of Tumours of the Eyelid”, in A System of Operative Surgery, Founded on the Basis of Anatomy, volume II, London: Printed [by C. Stower] for Longman, Hurst, Rees, and Orme, […]; and Cadell and Davies, […], →OCLC, page 84:

The brachial artery may be exposed and tied in any part of its course, the border of the biceps and coraco-brachialis serving as a guide to its situation. When the arm is drawn away from the side, and slightly everted, the hand being supinated, the seat of the operation is fairly brought into view.

1837, Jones Quain, “Fasciæ”, in Elements of Anatomy, 4th revised and enlarged edition, London: Printed for Taylor and Walton, […], →OCLC, paragraph 656, page 539:

One of the chief causes of flat foot is the natural defect of improper alignment of the leg and the foot, with the result that both muscle action and gravity act to evert and depress the foot.

1923 February, Herman W. Marshall, quoting E. A. Cayo, “A Compilation of Current Notions on Feet”, in Journal of the National Association of Chiropodists and Pedic Items, volume 13, number 2, New York, N.Y.: National Association of Chiropodists, →OCLC, page 16:

The older writers, like ourselves, were of course fascinated by the spectacle of a tiny fungus everting its inner peridium with lightning-like rapidity and casting away its ball of spores.

1958, A[rthur] H[enry] Reginald Buller, “The Sphaerobolus Gun and Its Range”, in Researches on Fungi, volumes V (Hyphal Fusions and Protoplasmic Streaming in the Higher Fungi, […]), New York, N.Y.: Hafner Publishing, →OCLC, page 280:

In addition to functioning as a dorsiflexor of the foot, the extensor digitorum longus also everts the foot and extends the toes.

2016, Kevin T. Patton, Gary A. Thibodeau, “Appendicular Muscles”, in Anatomy & Physiology, 9th edition, St. Louis, Mo.: Elsevier, →ISBN, unit 2 (Support and Movement), page 356, column 2:

(transitive, often biology, physiology) To turn inside out (like a pocket being emptied) or outwards.


plus

en-verb

plus (third-person singular simple present pluses or plusses, present participle plusing or plussing, simple past and past participle plused or plussed)

pluses (present singular third-person)
plusses (present singular third-person)
plusing (participle present)
plussing (participle present)
plused (participle past)
plused (past)
plussed (participle past)
plussed (past)

On hearing this, plussing was done (all medicated water of the phial was thrown away and fresh distilled was added and 10 strokes were given) on the 13th February 1974.

2005, B. Sahni, Transmission of Homoeo Drug Energy from Distance, →ISBN, page 188:

From the remaining water a second dilution can be prepared plussing it to the next slightly higher potency.

2007, Kate Birch, Vaccine Free Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Contagious Disease with Homeopathy, →ISBN:

Plussing is used quite frequently in a patient who's quite sensitive or has an acute problem happening or needs to change his dose or need to take it over several days.

2011, Kim Lane, Homeopathy for Home: Acute Illness & Injury Care, →ISBN, page 29:

(homeopathy) To increase the potency of a remedy by diluting it in water and stirring.


STD

en-noun

STD (countable and uncountable, plural STDs)

Some studies estimate that as many as one out of every two people might contract an STD at some point in their lives.

1999, Dr. Ruth's Pregnancy Guide for Couples: Love, Sex, and Medical Facts, →ISBN:

sexually transmitted disease
sexually transmitted disease#English

(pathology) Initialism of sexually transmitted disease.

MTS

sexually transmitted disease — see also sexually transmitted disease

SÜK

though attested, one normally speaks and writes out a full term


post

Inherited from Old English post (“pillar, door-post”) and Latin postis (“a post, a door-post”) through Old French. .

inh+

(dentistry) A long, narrow piece inserted into a root canal to provide retention for a crown.


post

I gotta run. Yes, send the kid to the morgue. We'll do a post on Monday.

2010, Sandra Glahn, Informed Consent, page 306:

(medicine, informal) A post mortem (an investigation of a body's cause of death).


caul

From Middle English calle, kelle, kalle, kolle (“caul, net, basket”), from Old English cāwl, cāul, cēawl, cēaul (“basket, container, net, sieve”), of uncertain origin. Reinforced by Old French cale (“close-fitting cap”), possibly a borrowing of the Old English term above, or alternatively related to Old French calotte (“headdress”), from Italian callotta, from Latin calautica (“type of female headdress which fell down over the shoulders”), itself of unknown origin. Cognate with Scots kell (“caul”).

ncog

(anatomy, obsolete except in specific senses) A membrane.


lockjaw

en-noun

lockjaw (usually uncountable, plural lockjaws)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-lockjaw.wav

(pathology) A spasmodic, nervous system disease brought on by the tetanus bacteria, causing muscles to seize up and may cause death by suffocation.


efflorescence

efflorescence (countable and uncountable, plural efflorescences)

/ˌɛfləˈɹɛsəns/

Borrowed from French efflorescence, from Latin efflōrēscō (from ex- (“out”) + flōrēscō (“to blossom”)) + -ence. By surface analysis, effloresce + -ence.

(pathology) A redness, rash, or eruption on the skin.


organic

en-adj

organic (comparative more organic, superlative most organic)

more organic (comparative)
most organic (superlative)

From Middle English organic, organik, from Old French organique, from Latin organicus.

(physiology, medicine) Pertaining to an organ of the body of a living organism.


concentric

concentric (comparative more concentric, superlative most concentric)

more concentric (comparative)
most concentric (superlative)

Japanese: コンセント (konsento)

Korean: 콘센트 (konsenteu)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-concentric.wav

From Middle English concentrik, from Middle French concentrique, from Medieval Latin concentricus, from Latin con- (“with, together”) + centrum (“circle, center”). Equivalent to con- + -centric.

(physiology) (of a motion) in the direction of contraction of a muscle. (E.g. extension of the lower arm via the elbow joint while contracting the triceps and other elbow extensor muscles; closing of the jaw while flexing the masseter).


systemic

From system + -ic. Doublet of systematic.

Iberdomide, a cereblon modulator promoting degradation of the transcription factors Ikaros and Aiolos, which affect leukocyte development and autoimmunity, is being evaluated for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

2022 March 17, Joan T. Merrill, Victoria P. Werth, Richard Furie et al., “Phase 2 Trial of Iberdomide in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus”, in The New England Journal of Medicine, volume 386, number 11, →DOI, page 1034:

(physiology) Pertaining to an entire organism.


flipper

From flip + -er. Compare Saterland Frisian Flappert (“flipper, wing”).

cog

Dr. Woo attempts to distinguish Blakeslee by pointing out that “one can fondle a breast without having anything to do with dentistry, but one cannot take molds, fabricate and insert flippers into another person's mouth without practicing dentistry."

2005, Washington Appellate Reports: Volume 128:

(dentistry) A kind of false tooth, usually temporary.


bleep

en-noun

bleep (countable and uncountable, plural bleeps)

(medicine, UK) A pager, usually one held by a doctor or nurse in a hospital.


bleep

en-verb

bleep (third-person singular simple present bleeps, present participle bleeping, simple past and past participle bleeped)

bleeps (present singular third-person)
bleeping (participle present)
bleeped (participle past)
bleeped (past)

If his condition gets any worse, please bleep the registrar on call.

(medicine, UK) To contact someone by pager.


tunnel

tunnel (third-person singular simple present tunnels, present participle (UK) tunnelling or (US) tunneling, simple past and past participle (UK) tunnelled or (US) tunneled)

tunnels (present singular third-person)
tunnelling (UK participle present)
tunneling (US participle present)
tunnelled (UK participle past)
tunnelled (UK past)
tunneled (US participle past)
tunneled (US past)

From Middle French tonnelle (“net”) or tonel (“cask”), diminutive of Old French tonne (“cask”), a word of uncertain origin and affiliation. Related to Old English tunne (“tun; cask; barrel”). More at tun.

(transitive, medicine) To insert a catheter into a vein to allow long-term use.


reperfusion

en-noun

reperfusion (countable and uncountable, plural reperfusions)

(medicine) The restoration of blood flow to an organ, after it was cut off (e.g. in an operation).


depression

depression (countable and uncountable, plural depressions)

From Middle English depression, depressioun, from Old French depression, from Latin dēpressiō.

(biology, physiology) A lowering, in particular a reduction in a particular biological variable or the function of an organ, in contrast to elevation.


psoriasis

psoriasis (countable and uncountable, plural psoriases)

From Late Latin psōriasis (“mange, scurvy, psoriasis”), from Koine Greek ψωρίασις (psōríasis), from Ancient Greek ψώρα (psṓra, “itch”) + -σις (-sis, “-sis: forming nouns of action & medical disorders”). Cognate with psora.

bor

He suffers from a skin complaint, psoriasis, which has rendered his hands scaly, hard and red.

2016, Ian McEwan, Nutshell, Vintage, page 11:

(pathology) A noncontagious disease whose main symptom is gray or silvery flaky patches on the skin which are red and inflamed underneath when scratched.


larynx

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-larynx.wav

Borrowed from New Latin larynx, from Ancient Greek λᾰ́ρῠγξ (lắrŭnx, “larynx; windpipe; gullet, throat”).

Meronyms: epilarynx, hypolarynx, orolarynx

There is one thing, among abundance of others, in Anatomy, which has always much affected me with Admiration, [...] It is the Situation and Elaſticity of the Epiglottis, a ſoft Cartilaginous Cover to the Larynx, or Orifice of the Wind-pipe; that this Epiglottis ſhould, all a Man's life, be drawn up, for the Benefit of Reſpiration, and fall down and ſhut, whilſt every bit we eat, and every drop we drink, paſſes over it into the Gullet and Stomach; and that we ſhould ſo ſeldom have Occaſion to cough up a crum, or drop, that may accidentaly ſlip into the Larynx; [...]

1727, Walter Harris, “Section II. Of the Wonderful Works of God.”, in The Great and Wonderful Works of God Humbly Represented: And the Just and Equal Distributions of Providence Demonstrated. […], London: James Roberts […], →OCLC, pages 29–30:

The larynx is the instrument of the voice, of which the rima glottidis is the immediate organ. [...] The change of the voice from acute to grave at the time of puberty, when the larynx undergoes a remarkable development, as well as its acuteness in females, whose glottis is less by one third than that of man, shew that the size of the aperture has a great influence.

1809, William Nicholson, “PHYSIOLOGY”, in The British Encyclopedia, or Dictionary of Arts and Sciences; […], volume V (N … R), London: Printed by C[harles] Whittingham, […]; for Longman, Hurst, Rees, and Orme, […], →OCLC:

The differences in the voices of man and woman cannot but have been always obſerved; and their larynxes exhibit, on a merely ſuperficial inſpection, a great diſproportion in ſize.

1819, Abraham Rees, “LARYNX”, in The Cyclopædia; or, Universal Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and Literature. [...] In Thirty-nine Volumes, volume XX, London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, & Brown, […] [et al.], →OCLC, column 1:

I hope to be understood as not implying that there is no peculiarity of the larynges and tracheæ, except in some genera; for I believe all have the admirable mechanism of the organ of voice differently constructed, with corresponding muscles, and distribution of nerves, producing those various modulations of sound so familiar to us, and destined for the excitement of love, as well as for other purposes.

1830 March 16, Joshua Brookes, “XXIX. On the Remarkable Formation of the Trachea In the Egyptian Tantalus”, in The Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, volume XVI, London: Richard Taylor, […]; Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green, and Longman, […]; William Wood, […], published 1833, →OCLC, page 502:

The work on larynx transplantation has been discussed in the previous paragraphs. Corollary to this is the possible development of an artificial larynx which can be implanted just as an artificial heart might be implanted. Design of such larynxes might permit a quick solution to the problem of tissue rejection.

1968 April 25, John E. Bordley (witness), Departments of Labor, and Health, Education, and Welfare Appropriations for 1969: Hearings before a Subcommittee of the Committee on Appropriations, House of Representatives, Ninetieth Congress, Second Session: […], part 7 (Members of Congress, Interested Individuals and Organizations), Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, →OCLC, page 259:

The ability of Red Deer stags to lower their larynx when roaring appears to be one of the exaggerators of formant dispersal, since the resting position of the male larynx is already lower than the typical mammalian position. [...] Size exaggeration provides an intriguing, non-linguistic explanation for the descent of the human larynx [...].

2003, John Maynard Smith, David Harper, “Indices of Quality”, in Animal Signals, Oxford, Oxforshire, New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, published 2004, →ISBN, 4.2 Are Mammalian Sounds Reliable Indices of Size?, page 47:

Study of intubated larynges from infants of 22 to 40 weeks' gestation who survived a few hours to 300 days showed acute injury was almost invariable, and up to 100% of the subglottic epithelium was lost within a few hour of intubation, but progression of injury was relatively short-lived.

2015, George H. Zalzal, Robin Thomas Cotton, “Glottic and Subglottic Stenosis”, in Marci M. Lesperance, Paul W. Flint, Cummings Pediatric Otolaryngology, Philadelphia, Pa.: Saunders, Elsevier, →ISBN, 6: Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea, and Esophagus, page 350, column 2:

(anatomy, zootomy) A hollow muscular organ of the neck of mammals situated just below where the tract of the pharynx splits into the trachea and the oesophagus. It is involved in breath control and protection of the trachea, and, as it houses the vocal cords, sound production.

laring

organ involved in breath control, protection of the trachea, and sound production

បំពង់កក្នុង

bɑmpʊəŋ kɑɑ knoŋ


posterior

en-adj

posterior (comparative more posterior, superlative most posterior)

more posterior (comparative)
most posterior (superlative)

Borrowed from Latin posterior (“that comes or follows after; later, latter”).

bor

(anatomy) Nearer the rear or hind end; nearer the caudal end of the body in quadrupeds or the dorsal end in bipeds.

(medicine) Relating to or denoting presentation of a fetus in which the rear or caudal end is nearest the cervix and emerges first at birth.

(botany) Next to, or facing the main stem or axis.


unofficial

en-adj

unofficial (comparative more unofficial, superlative most unofficial)

more unofficial (comparative)
most unofficial (superlative)

(pharmacology) Not listed in a national pharmacopeia etc.


screen

From Middle English scren, screne (“windscreen, firescreen”), from Anglo-Norman escren (“firescreen, the tester of a bed”), Old French escren, escrein, escran (modern French écran (“screen”)), from Middle Dutch scherm, from Old Dutch *skirm, from Proto-West Germanic *skirmi, from Proto-Germanic *skirmiz (“fur, shelter, covering, screen”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to cut, divide”).
Cognate with Dutch scherm (“screen”), German Schirm (“screen”). Doublet of scherm.
An alternative etymology derives Old French escren, escran from Old Dutch *scranc (“barrier”) (compare Middle Dutch schranc, schranke (“palisade, trellis, grid”), German Schrank (“cupboard, cabinet”), German Schranke (“fence”)), from Proto-West Germanic *skrank, from Proto-Germanic *skrankaz.

der

(by analogy) Searching through a sample for a target; an act of screening, or the method for it.

(genetics) A technique used to identify genes so as to study gene functions.

seulonta

genetics: technique used to identify genes


screen

en-verb

screen (third-person singular simple present screens, present participle screening, simple past and past participle screened)

screens (present singular third-person)
screening (participle present)
screened (participle past)
screened (past)

(medicine) To examine patients or treat a sample in order to detect a chemical or a disease, or to assess susceptibility to a disease.

szűr

medicine: to examine patients or treat a sample in order to detect a chemical or a disease, or to assess susceptibility to a disease


abductive

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-abductive.wav

The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles

Oxford University Press
w:Oxford University Press

(anatomy) Related or pertaining to abductor muscles and their movement.


issue

From Middle English issue, from Old French issue (“an exit, a way out”), feminine past participle of issir (“to exit”), from Latin exeō (“go out, exit”), from prefix ex- (“out”) + eō (“go”).

drain

small incision etc. to drain excess bodily fluid

The technique minimizes the issue of blood from the incision.

And behold, a woman which was diseased with an issue of blood twelue yeeres, came behinde him [Jesus], and touched the hemme of his garment.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Matthew 9:20:

The action or an instance of flowing or coming out, an outflow, particularly:

(medicine) The outflow of a bodily fluid, particularly (now rare) in abnormal amounts.

For she doted upon their paramours, whose flesh is as the flesh of asses, and whose issue is like the issue of horses.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Ezekiel 23:20:

Someone or something that flows out or comes out, particularly:

(medicine, now rare) The bodily fluid drained through a natural or artificial issue.

Issues and fontanels were supposed remedies for joint diseases, pulmonary tuberculosis, and other chronic conditions.

2005, James Harold Kirkup, chapter XXV, in The Evolution of Surgical Instruments, page 403:

The action or an instance of sending something out, particularly:

(historical medicine) A small incision, tear, or artificial ulcer, used to drain fluid and usually held open with a pea or other small object.


IBM

en-noun

IBM (countable and uncountable, plural IBMs)

/ˈˌʌɪbiːˈɛm/

inclusion body myositis
w:inclusion body myositis

(pathology) Initialism of inclusion body myositis.


laryngeal

/ləˈɹɪn.d͡ʒəl/

Derived from New Latin laryngeus + -al, from larynx (“larynx”) + -eus (adjectival suffix). By surface analysis, laryng- + -al or -ial.

af

At sight of it there commenced a series of laryngeal spasms, with clutchings at his throat, far more violent than any I had heretofore seen.

1871, S. G. Cook, “A Case of Hydrophobia”, in William A. Hammond, editor, The Journal of Psychological Medicine: Diseases of the Nervous System, Medical Jurisprudence and Anthropology, volume 5, page 83:

(anatomy, relational) Of or pertaining to the larynx.


laryngeal

/ləˈɹɪn.d͡ʒəl/

(anatomy) An anatomical part (such as a nerve or artery) that supplies or is associated with the larynx.


LBW

en-noun

LBW (countable and uncountable, plural LBWs)

(medicine) Initialism of low birth weight.


sickle cell anaemia

sickle-cell anemia
sickle-cell anemia#English

(medicine, British) Alternative form of sickle-cell anemia


metagenome

(genetics) All the genetic material present in an environmental sample, consisting of the genomes of many individual organisms.


aliquot

From French aliquote, from Latin aliquot.

Meronym: subaliquot

1965 December 1, Martha Smith Richmond, Analysis of Uranium Concentrates at the National Bureau of Standards, National Bureau of Standards, NBS Misc. Publ. 260-8, page 26,
Two aliquots each of 57 sample solutions and 15 solutions of NBS Standard No. 950a were assayed.

11.5.3 For each sample or sample batch (to a maximum of 20 samples) to be extracted during the same 12-hour shift, weigh two 10 g aliquots of the appropriate reference matrix (Section 7.6) into clean beakers or glass jars.

2002, Code of Federal Regulations, 40: Parts 136-149, Protection of Environment, Office of the Federal Register, page 244:

Composite samples are formed by physically mixing aliquots of individual samples. If aliquots of equal volumes are used, then the composite sample values are simply the arithmetic averages of individual sample values.

2011, Ganapati P. Patil, Sharad D. Gore, Charles Taillie, Composite Sampling, Springer, page 115:

(chemistry, biotechnology, loosely) A portion of a total amount (of some substance or a sample/specimen thereof, usually a solution or suspension).

Meronym: subaliquot

Coordinate term: aliquant (strict sense)

(chemistry, biotechnology, strictly) Such a portion that divides evenly into the total with no remainder.


aliquot

en-verb

aliquot (third-person singular simple present aliquots, present participle aliquoting or aliquotting, simple past and past participle aliquoted or aliquotted)

aliquots (present singular third-person)
aliquoting (participle present)
aliquotting (participle present)
aliquoted (participle past)
aliquoted (past)
aliquotted (participle past)
aliquotted (past)

1994, Patricia Viola Racenis, Phosphatidate Biosynthesis in the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, University of Michigan, page 34,
The nuclear pellet was resuspended in homogenizing buffer (about 25 ml), aliquoted into Eppendorf tubes and stored at -80°C.

The final solution is filtered, aliquoted into 150 μL portions, and stored at –70°C.

2002, Joachim Close, “20: Preparation of Protein Samples from Mouse and Human Tissues for 2-D Electrophoresis”, in John M. Walker, editor, The Protein Protocols Handbook, Humana Press, page 144:

Serum was aliquoted into 10 mL aliquants and frozen at -20°C until use.

2006, Elizabeth Ann Dille, Establishing an in Vitro Follicle Culture System to Study the Effect of Endometriosis on Infertility, University of Wisconsin-Madison, page 105:

(chemistry, biotechnology, transitive, informal) To separate a volume of solution or suspension into aliquots.


squamous

en-adj

squamous (comparative more squamous, superlative most squamous)

more squamous (comparative)
most squamous (superlative)

From Middle English squamous, from Latin squāmōsus, from squāma (“scale(of a fish or reptile)”).

(anatomy) Of or pertaining to the squamosal bone; squamosal


narcotic

From Middle English narcotyk, from Middle French narcotique (from Old French narcotique, noun use of adjective) and directly from Medieval Latin narcōticum, from Ancient Greek ναρκωτῐκόν (narkōtĭkón), neuter of ναρκωτῐκός (narkōtĭkós), from Ancient Greek ναρκόω (narkóō, “to benumb”), from νάρκη (nárkē, “numbness, torpor”).

der

"Real San Juan Colorado," he said. "Excitable people like you are the better for narcotics. Heavens! don't bite it! Cut - and cut with reverence!"

1912, Arthur Conan Doyle, The Lost World […], London; New York, N.Y.: Hodder and Stoughton, →OCLC:

(pharmacology) Any substance or drug that reduces pain, induces sleep and may alter mood or behaviour; in some contexts, especially in reference to the opiates-and-opioids class, especially in reference to illegal drugs, and often both.


narcotic

en-adj

narcotic (comparative more narcotic, superlative most narcotic)

more narcotic (comparative)
most narcotic (superlative)

From Middle French narcotique or German narkotisch and directly from Medieval Latin narcōticus, from Ancient Greek ναρκωτῐκός (narkōtĭkós).

(pharmacology) Inducing sleep; causing narcosis.


dermis

From New Latin dermis, from Ancient Greek δέρμα (dérma, “skin, hide”), from δέρω (dérō, “to skin, to flay”).

der

(anatomy) The tissue of the skin underlying the epidermis.


wicket

From Anglo-Norman, Old Northern French wiket, from Old Norse (specifically, Old East Norse) víkjas, diminutive of vik. Compare modern French guichet, ultimately from the same Old Norse source.

(veterinary) A device to measure the height of animals, usually dogs.


CCG

clinical commissioning group
w:clinical commissioning group

(UK, medicine) Initialism of clinical commissioning group.


specific

en-adj

specific (comparative more specific, superlative most specific)

more specific (comparative)
most specific (superlative)

From Old French specifique, from Late Latin specificus (“specific, particular”), from Latin speciēs (“kind”) + faciō (“make”).

der

(immunology) limited to a particular antibody or antigen.

spesifinen

being limited to a particular antibody or antigen


frontal

Borrowed from New Latin frontālis, from frons (“the forehead, brow, front”) + -ālis (“-al”, adjectival suffix), equivalent to front + -al; cognate of French frontal. Doublet of frontalis.

af

(anatomy) Of or relating to the forehead or frontal bone.

أَمَامِيّ

of or relating to the forehead or frontal bone

(anatomy) Parallel to the main axis of the body and at right angles to the sagittal plane.


regiment

/ˈɹɛd͡ʒɪmənt/

From Middle French regement, régiment, and its source, Late Latin regimentum (“direction for government; course of medical treatment”), from Latin regō (“rule”).


dorsal

en-adj

dorsal (comparative more dorsal, superlative most dorsal)

more dorsal (comparative)
most dorsal (superlative)

From Late Middle English dorsal/dorsale, borrowing from Medieval Latin dorsālis (“of or relating to the back”), from dorsum (“the back”) + -ālis (“-al”, adjectival suffix); equivalent to dorsum + -al.

ظَهْرِيّ

relating to the side in which the backbone is located

(anatomy, zootomy) With respect to, or concerning the side in which the backbone is located, or the analogous side of an invertebrate.

(anatomy) Relating to the top surface of the foot or hand.

背側 /背侧

relating to the top surface of foot or hand

(linguistics, of a sound) Produced using the dorsum of the tongue.


clerk

en-verb

clerk (third-person singular simple present clerks, present participle clerking, simple past and past participle clerked)

clerks (present singular third-person)
clerking (participle present)
clerked (participle past)
clerked (past)

From Middle English clerc, from Old English clerc, from Late Latin clēricus (“priest, clergyman, cleric”, also generally “learned man, clerk”), from Ancient Greek κληρικός (klērikós, “of the clergy”, adj. in church jargon), from κλῆρος (klêros, “lot, inheritance”, originally “shard used in casting lots”). Doublet of cleric.

der

The best preparation for the long case is to clerk patients on the wards and in outpatients within a strict 60 minutes. This would include deciding on a policy of management.

1987, R.A. Blackwood, T.M.E. Davis, A Guide to the MRCP Part II Examination, Blackwell Scientific Publications, →ISBN, page 51:

You should present a case you have clerked to a doctor (registrar or consultant) and discuss your choice of investigations and management.

2008, Nathalie Hurley, James Dawson, Stephan Sanders, Simon Eccles, Oxford Handbook for the Foundation Programme, 2nd edition, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 18:

The best way to get involved is to clerk new patients on the ward prior to the rounds and then present your clerkings to the person leading the round.

2011, David Randall, Introduction to Clinical Medicine: A Clerking Companion, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page xi:

physical examination
physical examination

(medicine) To assemble information about a patient during their initial assessment by actions such as a taking a detailed medical history and performing a physical examination.


blackleg

en-noun

blackleg (countable and uncountable, plural blacklegs)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-blackleg.wav

(uncountable, agriculture, veterinary medicine) A fatal cattle disease caused by the soil-borne bacterium Clostridium chauvoei; symptomatic anthrax.


sundowner

These patients may improve by day only to relapse at night (nocturnal delirium or sundowner's syndrome).

1977, Jules Hymen Masserman, Current Psychiatric Therapies, page 179:

They generally occur in the evening or at night in the form of "sundowner" syndrome, as a result of diminished sensory input and social isolation and/or exposure to an unfamiliar environment (e.g., the hospital).

1989, William H. Reid, The Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders: Revised for the DSM III R., page 71:

“Sundowner′s syndrome” refers to changes in mood and behavior that begin near dusk.

2007 February 7, Dennis Fiely, “Dark Ages: For the elderly fighting mental or physical problems, life takes a frightening turn when nighttime comes”, in The Columbus Dispatch:

(medicine, colloquial) A patient, usually demented, who tends to become agitated in the evening.


dysfunction

dysfunction (countable and uncountable, plural dysfunctions)

Cerebellar dysfunction is characterized by truncal ataxia, a broad-based stance, dysmetria in which the limbs either overstep (hypermetria) or understep (hypometria), and tremor that is most pronounced when the animal attempts a goal-orientated movement (intention tremor).

2004, Johnny D. Hoskins, Geriatrics and Gerontology of the Dog and Cat, →ISBN, page 358:

We next consider the cognification of interpersonal dysfunctions in treating clinical depression.

2005, Dwight Evans, Dennis S. Charney, Lydia Lewis, The Physician’s Guide to Depression and Bipolar Disorders, →ISBN, page 69:

erectile dysfunction
erectile dysfunction

(chiefly medicine) A failure to function in an expected or complete manner. Usually refers to a disorder in a bodily organ (e.g. erectile dysfunction), a mental disorder, or the improper behavior of a social group.


protoplasm

protoplasm (countable and uncountable, plural protoplasms)

From German Protoplasma, coined by Czech physiologist Jan Evangelista Purkyně, from Ancient Greek πρῶτος (prôtos, “first”) + πλάσμα (plásma, “something molded”). The word Protoplasmus was used in Late Latin, meaning “first created human” (i.e. Adam), and may have existed in Byzantine Greek in a different sense.

coin

(cytology) The entire contents of a cell comprising the nucleus and the cytoplasm. It is a semi-fluid, transparent substance which is the living matter of plant and animal cells.


autophagy

en-noun

autophagy (countable and uncountable, plural autophagies)

Near-synonym: autocytolysis

(cytology) The process of self-digestion by a cell through the action of enzymes originating within the same cell, and often a defensive or self-preservation measure.

(cytology) A type of programmed cell death accomplished through self-digestion.


transition

transition (countable and uncountable, plural transitions)

/tɹænˈzɪʃən/

/tɹænˈsɪʃən/

/tɹɑːnˈzɪʃən/

/tɹænˈzɪʃən/

Etymology tree
Middle French transitionbor.
English transition
From Middle French transition, from Latin transitio. By surface analysis, transit + -ion.

etymon

filtered-popping recursive transition network

(genetics) A point mutation in which one base is replaced by another of the same class (purine or pyrimidine); compare transversion.

(medicine) The onset of the final stage of childbirth.


(toxicology) The amount of a substance required to kill half of a given population; a measure of toxicity.


cone

From Middle English cone (“corner, angle”) and conoun (“cone”), from Medieval Latin cōnus, cōnon (“cone, wedge, peak”), from Ancient Greek κῶνος (kônos, “cone, spinning top, pine cone”). Reinforced by Middle French cone, from the same Graeco-Latin source.

der

(anatomy) Any of the small cone-shaped structures in the retina.


mold

en-noun

mold (countable and uncountable, plural molds)

From Middle English molde (“mold, cast”), from Old French modle, mole, from Latin modulus, from Latin modus. Doublet of module, modulus, and model.


helix

From Latin helix, from Ancient Greek ἕλιξ (hélix, “something twisted or spiral”).

der

helix piercing

(anatomy) The incurved rim of the external ear.


biconcave

a biconcave lens

the biconcave vertebrae

Red blood cells are biconcave.

(optics, anatomy) Having both sides that are concave.


tumorigenesis

(oncology) Production of a new tumor or tumors.

(oncology) The process involved in the production of a new tumor or tumors.


rear

From Middle English rere, from Anglo-Norman rere, ultimately from Latin retro. Compare arrear. Doublet of retro.

задник

the posterior, butt(ocks)- only terms with directional notion


eminence

en-noun

eminence (countable and uncountable, plural eminences)

obscurity

antonym(s) of “someone of high rank, reputation or social status”

mediocrity

antonym(s) of “the quality or state of being eminent”

From Old French eminence, from Latin ēminēntia (“prominence”, “protuberance”; “eminence”, “excellence”).

uder

title of honor for a Roman Catholic cardinal


dichromatic

en-adj

dichromatic (comparative more dichromatic, superlative most dichromatic)

more dichromatic (comparative)
most dichromatic (superlative)

From di- + Ancient Greek χρῶμα (khrôma, “color”) + -ic.

(pathology) having a form of colorblindness in which only two of the three primary colors can be distinguished


promoter

(genetics) The section of DNA that controls the initiation of RNA transcription as a product of a gene.


mumps

Circa 1600, from mump (“grimace”, noun), compare mump (verb), most likely referring to the painful difficulty in swallowing.

(pathology) A contagious disease caused by the Mumps virus of the genus Rubulavirus, mostly occurring in childhood, which causes swelling of glands in the face and neck.

流行性耳下腺炎

りゅうこうせいじかせんえん


digitalis

en-noun

digitalis (countable and uncountable, plural digitalises)

/dɪdʒɪˈtɑːlɪs/

/dɪd͡ʒɪˈtælɪs/

Modern Latin, from Latin digitālis (“of the fingers”) (named in reference to the German common name for the plant, Fingerhut (“thimble”)). Doublet of digital.

‘You very nearly died. I had to give you digitalis three times.’

1940, Raymond Chandler, Farewell, My Lovely, Penguin, published 2010, page 188:

The ancient remedy digitalis, extracted from the foxglove plant, for example, acts by blocking sodium channels in heart muscle, preventing potentially dangerous overactivity.

2001, Leslie Iversen, Drugs: A Very Short Introduction, Oxford, page 25:

Digitalis purpurea
Digitalis purpurea#Translingual

(medicine) A medical extract of Digitalis purpurea prescribed for heart failure etc.


dysthymia

dysthymia (usually uncountable, plural dysthymias)

euphoria

antonym(s) of “tendency to be depressed”

euthymia

antonym(s) of “form of clinical depression”

From dys- + -thymia.
From Ancient Greek δυσθυμία (dusthumía, “despondency, despair; ill-temper”), from δυσ- (dus-, “bad”) + θυμός (thumós, “soul, spirit”).

uder

Coordinate term: major depressive disorder

For diagnostic, research, and treatment reasons, a distinction should always be made between the milder dysthymias, atypical and hysteroid depressions, and the more serious major depressive illnesses, with and without melancholic (vegetative) and psychotic features.

1989, James F. Masterson, Ralph Klein, editors, Psychotherapy of the Disorders of the Self: The Masterson Approach, page 369:

A decade ago most psychiatrists would have been puzzled to find a chapter on dysthymia in a book about severe depressive disorders. They would have characterized this chronic form of depression as mild, "minor," or "syndromal."[…]In recent years, research has demonstrated the severity, prevalence, and importance of vogorous antidepressant treatment of dysthymia, justifying its inclusion here among serious mood disorders.

1994, John C. Markowitz, James H. Kocsis, “Chapter 9: Dysthymia”, in Leon Grunhaus, John F. Greden, editors, Severe Depressive Disorders, page 209:

In other patients, the dysthymia may co-occur with but not be causally related to the ADHD (Adler and Cohen 2004).[…]Early studies of adults with ADHD found rates of dysthymia as high as 67%–81% (Wender et al. 1985).

2007, Brian B. Doyle, Understanding and Treating Adults With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, page 231:

Dysthymia in childhood or adulthood also significantly increases the risk of developing a subsequent major depressive episode.

2007, Jon G. Allen, Coping With Depression: From Catch-22 to Hope, page 12:

Involutive depression or bipolar dysthymias must be ruled out.[…]Two characteristics of bipolar dysthymias are distinguishable: first, the bipolar disorders are cyclical in character and develop over several days to several weeks, which is quite different from the sudden and sometimes multiple changes of chronic depression; second, the productive phases of dysthymias are accompanied by a considerable decrease in the duration of sleep, to less than 6 hours per day.

2011, Gary Landsberg, Wayne Hunthausen, Lowell Ackerman, Behavior Problems of the Dog and Cat, page 363:

(psychiatry) A form of clinical depression, characterized by low-grade depression which lasts at least two years.


insult

en-noun

insult (countable and uncountable, plural insults)

The verb is derived from Middle French insulter (modern French insulter (“to insult”)) or its etymon Latin īnsultāre (“to spring, leap or jump at or upon; to abuse, insult, revile, taunt”), the frequentative form of īnsiliō (“to bound; to leap in or upon”), from in- (prefix meaning ‘in, inside, within’) + saliō (“to bound, jump, leap; to spring forth; to flow down”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sel- (“to spring”)).
The noun is derived from Middle French insult (modern French insulte (“insult”)) or its etymon Late Latin insultus (“insult, reviling, scoffing”), from īnsiliō (“to bound; to leap in or upon”); see above.

der

The exact nature of the teratological insult in diabetic pregnancy, and the cell biological details of the induced disturbances, are not known.

1996, Ulf J. Eriksson, “Embryo Development in Diabetic Pregnancy”, in Anne Dornhorst, David R. Hadden, editors, Diabetes and Pregnancy: An International Approach to Diagnosis and Management, Chichester, West Sussex: John Wiley & Sons, →ISBN, page 65:

[M]ost investigators agreed with the characterization of early brain plasticity as a transiently available, ancillary system that is triggered by neural insult, and that serves, most importantly, as a means of shielding the developing organism from the potentially debilitating effects of neural insult.

2006, Joan Stiles, Pamela Moses, Brianna M. Paul, “The Longitudinal Study of Spatial Cognitive Development in Children with Pre- or Perinatal Focal Brain Injury: […]”, in Stephen G. Lomber, Jos J. Eggermont, editors, Reprogramming the Cerebral Cortex: Plasticity following Central and Peripheral Leisons, Oxford, Oxfordshire, New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 415:

Within the complex genome of most organisms there are alternative multiple pathways of proteins which can help the individual cell survive a variety of insults, for example radiation, toxic chemicals, heat, excessive or reduced oxygen.

2011, Terence Allen, Graham Cowling, “What Cells Can Do”, in The Cell: A Very Short Introduction (Very Short Introductions), Oxford, Oxfordshire, New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 96:

(countable, uncountable, medicine) Something causing disease or injury to the body or bodily processes; the injury so caused.

инсулт

something causing disease or injury to the body or bodily processes


alexia

en-noun

alexia (countable and uncountable, plural alexias)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-alexia.wav

From Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-, “not”) + λέξις (léxis, “speech”) + -ia.

af

Coordinate term: letter blindness

(medicine, neurology) The inability, due to a cerebral disorder, to comprehend or understand writing.


moronic

en-adj

moronic (comparative more moronic, superlative most moronic)

more moronic (comparative)
most moronic (superlative)

(medicine, dated) Having a mental age of between seven and twelve years.


cutter

From Middle English cutter, cuttere, kutter. By surface analysis, cut + -er.

(medicine, colloquial, slang, humorous or derogatory) A surgeon.


halo

From Latin halōs, from Ancient Greek ἅλως (hálōs, “threshing floor; disk; disk of the sun or moon; ring of light around the sun or moon”), of unknown origin. The threshing floor's circular threshold or oxen walking on it in a circle gave rise to the other meanings. Used in English since 1563; the sense of light around someone’s head since 1646.

der

massive astronomical compact halo object

massive astrophysical compact halo object

(medicine) A circular brace used to keep the head and neck in position.


idiopathic

/ˌɪdioʊˈpæθɪk/

From idio- + -pathic. First appears c. 1669, in the publications of William Simpson.

So when I was diagnosed with a fairly difficult-to-treat disease called idiopathic angioedema and chronic urticaria (a fancy way of saying we don’t know why you swell and hey, enjoy the 24/7 hives) six months ago, I wasn't quite sure how to cope.

2014 January 20, Simona Supekar, “How the Internet Helped Me Cope With My Rare Disease”, in The Atlantic:

(pathology) Of, relating to, or designating a disease or condition having no known cause.

idiopàtic

diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis


abreaction

Partial calque of German Abreagierung, from ab (“away from”) + Reagierung (“reaction”).

(psychoanalysis) The re-living of an experience with a view to purging its emotional dross.


diarrhea

en-noun

diarrhea (countable and uncountable, plural diarrheas)

→ Australian Kriol: daiyariya

→ Hiri Motu: dairia

→ Tok Pisin: dairia

/ˌdaɪ.əˈɹiː.ə/

From Middle English diaria, from Middle French diarrie (French diarrhée), from Late Latin diarrhoea, from Ancient Greek διάρροια (diárrhoia, “through-flowing”), from διά (diá, “through”) + ῥέω (rhéō, “flow”). By surface analysis, dia- + -rrhea. Spelling later altered to resemble the word's Latin and Greek roots.
Displaced native Old English ūtsiht (literally “straining out”).

ncog

(medicine) A gastrointestinal disorder characterized by frequent and very soft or watery bowel movements.


cul-de-sac

en-noun

cul-de-sac (plural cul-de-sacs or culs-de-sac)

cul-de-sacs (plural)
culs-de-sac (plural)

Borrowed from French cul-de-sac, from cul (“bottom”) + de (“of”) + sac (“bag, sack”).

(medicine) A sack-like cavity, a tube open at one end only.


silent

en-adj

silent (comparative silenter or more silent, superlative silentest or most silent)

silenter (comparative)
more silent (comparative)
silentest (superlative)
most silent (superlative)

From Latin silēns (“silent”), present participle of sileō (“be silent”), from Proto-Indo-European *seyl- (“still, windless, quiet, slow”). Related to Gothic 𐌰𐌽𐌰𐍃𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌽 (anasilan, “to cease, grow still, be silent”), Old English sālnes (“silence”).

der

(genetics) Not implying significant modifications which would affect a peptide sequence.

hiljainen

not implying significant modifications which would affect a peptide sequence


indication

en-noun

indication (countable and uncountable, plural indications)

From Old French indication, from Latin indicātiō (“a showing, indicating the value of something; valuation”), from indicō (“point out, indicate, show; value”); see indicate; compare French indication, Spanish indicación, Italian indicazione.
Morphologically indicate + -ion

der

Influenza and suspected influenza are FDA-approved indications for oseltamivir.

In the United States, major depressive disorder is an off-label indication for clomipramine, but in various other countries, it is an approved indication.

The theme of treatment failure of previous treatments plus continuing impairment (pain and poor function) appears among the indications for many types of joint replacement surgery.

The first indication he meets by a dose of calomel, 1o to .30 gm., followed, if necessary, by magnesium sulphate in boiled water.

1900, Massachusetts Medical Journal, page 460:

en:reason for using a medical test or treatment

(medicine) Any symptom or occurrence in a disease that serves to direct to suitable remedies; the problem that warrants and prompts the use of a diagnostic test, imaging mode, or treatment (e.g., medication, surgical procedure).


dresser

From Middle English dresser, equivalent to dress + -er.

On the very day that I had come to this conclusion, I was standing at the Criterion Bar, when someone tapped me on the shoulder, and turning round I recognized young Stamford, who had been a dresser under me at Bart's.

1887, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, A Study in Scarlet, section I:

Boatmen and passengers — a Chinese assistant manager and a Tamil hospital dresser whom Crabbe had met before, two Malays of occupation undefined — helped Crabbe into the launch, but Vythilingam did not move, did not even seem to see.

1959, Anthony Burgess, Beds in the East (The Malayan Trilogy), published 1972, page 576:

en:surgical assistant who dresses wounds

(medicine) A surgeon's assistant who helps to dress wounds etc.


status

en-noun

status (countable and uncountable, plural statuses or status)

→ Cantonese: status

Northern England, Northern Ireland, Scotland, Wales, many accents

A learned borrowing from Latin status. A doublet of state and estate.

status epilepticus
status epilepticus#English

status asthmaticus
status asthmaticus#English

(medicine) Short for status epilepticus or status asthmaticus.

status

medicine: prolonged attack of asthma or epilepsy


external

en-adj

external (comparative more external, superlative most external)

more external (comparative)
most external (superlative)

From Late Middle English, from Medieval Latin externus (“outward, external”), from exter/exterus (“on the outside, outward”).

der

(anatomy) Situated near or toward the surface of the body.

(pharmacology, relational) Relating to or denoting a medicine or similar substance for use on the outside of the body.


proximal

en-adj

proximal (comparative more proximal, superlative most proximal)

more proximal (comparative)
most proximal (superlative)

antonym(s) of “closer to the point of attachment

From Latin proximus, superlative form of prope (“near, nigh”).

(anatomy, geology) Closer to the point of attachment or observation.

(dentistry) Facing toward another tooth. The proximal surfaces of a tooth are those that touch or are close to neighboring teeth.


DNB

Diplomate of National Board
w:Diplomate of National Board

(India, medicine, post-nominal title) Initialism of Diplomate of National Board.


obesity

en-noun

obesity (countable and uncountable, plural obesities)

From French obésité, from Latin obēsitās, from obēsus (“fat”). By surface analysis, obese + -ity.

While the majority of individuals with severe obesity are able to maintain eucapnia, a significant minority will develop obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS), characterized by alveolar hypoventilation (PaCO 2 > 45 mmHg) unexplained by other disorders.

2015 July 4, Vilma E. Ortiz, Jean Kwo, “Obesity: physiologic changes and implications for preoperative management”, in BMC Anesthesiology, volume 15, →DOI:


piles

Many women get piles when pregnant.

Who with thy leaves shall wipe (at need)
The place where swelling Piles do breed ...

1648, Robert Herrick, “Another”, in Hesperides:


cyclopropane

cyclopropane (countable and uncountable, plural cyclopropanes)

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) The simplest alicyclic hydrocarbon, C₃H₆, an inflammable gas, sometimes used as an anaesthetic.

cyclopropaan

the simplest alicyclic hydrocarbon, C3H6


excision

excision (countable and uncountable, plural excisions)

From Middle French excision, from Latin excīsiō.

(surgery) The removal of something (a tumor or body part) by cutting.

(genetics) The removal of a gene from a section of genetic material.


mamma

Either sex under special stimulations is capable of manifesting powers ordinarily shown only by the other […] Thus, to take an extreme case, the mammæ of men will, under special excitation, yield milk: there are various cases of gynecomasty on record, and in famines infants whose mothers have died have been thus saved.

1880, Herbert Spencer, The Study of Sociology, page 434:

(anatomy, plural mammae) The milk-secreting organ of female humans and other mammals which includes the mammary gland and the nipple or teat; a breast; an udder.


apocatastasis

From Latin, from Ancient Greek ἀποκατάστασις (apokatástasis, “restoration, reëstablishment”), from ἀποκαθίστημι (apokathístēmi, “to stand up again”), from ἀπό- (apó-, “back again”) + καθίστημι (kathístēmi, “I set, place, constitute, appoint”), from κατά- (katá-, “down, for”) + ἵστημι (hístēmi, “I set, stand, establish”).

uder

ἀποκατάστασις

We read of Apocatastasis or urine...of tumours, and other diseases.

1753, A supplement to Mr. Chambers's Cyclopædia:

Apocatastasis, The subsidence of a tumour, or the re-establishment of an exudation or secretion.

1880, The New Sydenham Society's lexicon of medicine and the allied sciences:

(rare) Restoration, renovation, reestablishment, particularly:

(medicine, rare) Return to an earlier condition.


CVS

en-noun

CVS (countable and uncountable, plural CVSs)

cardiovascular system
cardiovascular system#English

(physiology) Initialism of cardiovascular system.

chorionic villus sampling
chorionic villus sampling#English

(obstetrics, pathology) Initialism of chorionic villus sampling.


version

version (countable and uncountable, plural versions)

From Middle French version, from Medieval Latin versiō, from Latin vertō (“I turn”). Used in English since 16th century.

(medicine) A condition of the uterus in which its axis is deflected from its normal position without being bent upon itself. See anteversion and retroversion.

(ophthalmology) An eye movement involving both eyes moving synchronously and symmetrically in the same direction.

External cephalic version is a process by which a breech baby can sometimes be turned from buttocks or foot first to head first.

The version of air into water.

1627 (indicated as 1626), Francis [Bacon], “(please specify the page, or |century=I to X)”, in Sylua Syluarum: Or A Naturall Historie. In Ten Centuries. […], London: […] William Rawley […]; [p]rinted by J[ohn] H[aviland] for William Lee […], →OCLC:

(obsolete or medicine) A change of form, direction, etc.; transformation; conversion.


proto-

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek πρωτο- (prōto-), combination form of πρῶτος (prôtos, “first”), superlative of πρό (pró, “before”).

Proto-

proper names of protolanguages and their associated people

All Indo-European languages from Albanian to Zazaki are descended from Proto-Indo-European.

(linguistics, genetics) Most recent common ancestor (often hypothetical) of.

վաղնջա-

(linguistics) ancestor of a family of languages

prototroch, protoconid, protoconule


LP

en-noun

LP (countable and uncountable, plural LPs)

(medicine) Abbreviation of lumbar puncture.


gonad

From Ancient Greek γονή (gonḗ, “seed, begetting, birth, offspring”), from γίγνεσθαι (gígnesthai, “be born”).

bor

(anatomy) A sex organ that produces gametes; specifically, a testicle or ovary.

(slang, chiefly in the plural) A testicle.


blackjack

en-noun

blackjack (countable and uncountable, plural blackjacks)

→ Polish: blackjack

"Next!" steps gingerly in to confront the medical eye fastened questioningly upon him. "Crook in the guts," he says tersely. The picturesque reports of previously treated and disgusted patients - have left him doubtful, and he casts, an anathematising eye upon the "Black Jack" bottle. "Tabloids and duty!" says the doctor, and the sufferer sighs with relief.

1914 October 11, The Sunday Times, Perth, Australia, page 1, column 9:

I remember Black Jack very well and actually like the smell. It is no longer available with that trade name but glycerine of ichthammol can still be bought in chemists.

2010 October 19, John Davies, birminghamhistory.co.uk:

Used to be called Black Jack think my mom had an ancient jar in her medicine cupboard.

2008 September 19, stef240377, MoneySavingExpert.com:

(pharmacology, UK, Australia, rare) Ammonium bituminosulfonate.


basilic

en-adj

basilic (comparative more basilic, superlative most basilic)

more basilic (comparative)
most basilic (superlative)

From Ancient Greek βασιλικός (basilikós). Doublet of basilic (etymology 1) and basil.

doublet

(anatomy) Relating to certain parts, anciently supposed to have a specially important function in the animal economy, such as the basilic vein.


orbital

Borrowed from Medieval Latin orbitālis, from orbita (“a track or rut; a circuit, orbit”) + -ālis (“-al”, adjectival suffix), equivalent to orbit + -al. Doublet of orbitalis.

af

(anatomy) Of or relating to the eye socket (eyehole).


construct

Borrowed from Latin cōnstrūctus, from cōnstruō (“to heap together”), from com- (“together”) + struō (“I heap up, pile”). Doublet of construe.

(genetics) A segment of nucleic acid, created artificially, for transplantation into a target cell or tissue.


recipient

Borrowed from Middle French récipient, from Latin recipiēns, present participle of recipiō (“to receive”).

(medicine) A person receiving donor organs or tissues.


dejection

en-noun

dejection (countable and uncountable, plural dejections)

/dɪˈdʒɛkʃən/

/dəˈd͡ʒɛkʃən/

From Old French dejection, from Latin dejectio (“a casting down”).

No dejection since his entrance, nor has he passed urine.

1855, Austin Flint, Clinical Reports on Continued Fever Based on Analyses of One Hundred and Sixty-Four Cases, Linday & Blakiston, First Clinical Report on Continued Fever, Based on an Analysis of Forty-Two Cases, page 39:

His dejections were frequent, loose, changing in character from hour to hour, made up of undigested food, of mucus and watery fluid, varying in color, mostly green, and never healthy in consistence, color, or odor.

1861, James Jackson, Another Letter to a Young Physician, Applewood Books, published 2010, →ISBN, Note I. John Lowell, page 103:

Chorera infantum may begin as an attack of acute indigestion, or, what is more frequently the case, suddenly, with severe vomiting and copious dejections, high fever and rapid prostration.

1921, Charles Signmund Raue, Diseases of Children - Homeopathic Treatment, 2nd edition, B. Jain Publishers, published 2000, →ISBN, Chapter IX Diseases of the Intestines, pages 205–206:

(medicine, archaic) Defecation or feces.


mutant

From Latin mūtāns, present participle of mūtō. By surface analysis, muta- + -ant.

Furthermore, it is possible that there occasionally arises what may be called a mutant of very desirable character from a eugenic point of view.

1918, Paul Popenoe, Roswell Hill Johnson, Applied Eugenics:

There does seem to have been some mutation among plants[…]but in animal life where are the mutants? When or where has a new species originated in this way?

"How did I ever get such ability?" he wondered. "No one else in our family has it. Am I some sort of a mutant? But if so, how or why? I never heard Dad or Mother mention it."

1953, E. Everett Evans, Man of Many Minds:

(genetics) That which has mutated, with one or more new characteristics from a mutation.


mutant

mutant DNA

Scientists have created a mutant enzyme that breaks down plastic drinks bottles—by accident.

2018 April 16, Damian Carrington, “Scientists accidentally create mutant enzyme that eats plastic bottles”, in The Guardian:

Researchers at the SSI found that antibodies from people who recovered from coronavirus were less effective at neutralising the mutant strain, but have not made details of their experiments public.

2020 November 8, Ian Sample, “UK scientists seek mutant Covid samples from Danish mink farms”, in The Guardian:

(genetics) Of, relating to, undergoing (i.e. mutating), or resulting from change or mutation; that has undergone mutation.


pectus

(anatomy, zoology) The breast, especially of a bird.


allergy

→ Bengali: এলার্জি (elarji)

→ Cebuano: alerdyi

→ Hindi: एलर्जी (elarjī)

→ Urdu: الرجی (alarjī)

Borrowed from German Allergie. Coined by Austrian pediatrician Clemens von Pirquet in 1906 from Ancient Greek ἄλλος (állos, “other”) + ἔργον (érgon, “work, activity”), on the model of Energie.

en:any hypersensitivity reaction or process

(medicine, immunology, loosely) A disorder of the immune system causing adverse reactions to substances (allergens) not harmful to most and marked by the body's production of histamines and associated with atopy, anaphylaxis, and asthma; any condition of hypersensitivity to a substance.

en:class I hypersensitivity reaction or process

(medicine, immunology, strictly) Specifically, hypersensitivity of class I in the modern classification thereof: the immunoglobulin E–mediated type.


anthropoid

en-adj

anthropoid (comparative more anthropoid, superlative most anthropoid)

more anthropoid (comparative)
most anthropoid (superlative)

/ˈænθɹəpɔɪd/

чалавекападо́бны

having characteristics of a human, usually in terms of shape or appearance

Having characteristics of a human, usually in terms of shape or appearance.

(anatomy, in pelvimetry) Of the pelvis, having an anteroposterior diameter equal or exceeding the transverse diameter.


pupil

From Middle English pupille, from Old French pupille, from Latin pūpilla (“pupil; little girl, doll”), named because of the small reflected image seen when looking into someone's eye.

der

There are sharks with round pupils, sharks with slitlike pupils, and some with pupils that expand and contract with the amount of light available. As unimpressive as this might sound to people who are used to having their pupils dilate and contract regularly, realize that no bony fish has this modification of the eye.

1983, Richard Ellis, The Book of Sharks, Knopf, →ISBN, page 29:

(anatomy) The hole in the middle of the iris of the eye, through which light passes to be focused on the retina.

pupil

the hole in the middle of the iris of the eye

das Schwarze im Auge

colloquial; sometimes including the iris


retina

en-noun

retina (plural retinas or retinae or (archaic) retinæ)

retinas (plural)
retinae (plural)
retinæ (archaic plural)

From Middle English rethina, borrowing from Medieval Latin rētīna (“retina”, feminine noun), ellipsis of tunica rētīna (“net-like tunic”), used to describe the blood vessel system at the back of the eye. The phrase is attested in the 12th century in Guillelmus the abbot and Gerard of Cremona—the latter may have created this phrase as a translation for Arabic طَبَقَة شَبَكِيَّة (ṭabaqa šabakiyya) "net-like layer", which translates Ancient Greek ἀμφιβληστροειδής χῐτών (amphiblēstroeidḗs khĭtṓn, “retina”), which is attested in the ancient medical writer Galen.

m+

طَبَقَة شَبَكِيَّة

ἀμφιβληστροειδής χῐτών

(ophthalmology) The thin layer of cells at the back of the eyeball that contains rods and cones sensitive to light, which trigger nerve impulses that pass via the optic nerve to the brain, where a visual image is formed.


running

a running sore

a running nose

(medicine, of a nose) Discharging snot or mucus.


scrotum

The female labia majora are homologous to the male scrotum.

(anatomy) The sac of skin and muscle that contains the testicles in most placental (boreoeutherian) mammals.

qese e herdheve

the bag of the skin and muscle that contains the testicles

labioscrotal swelling - embryological precursor


artifact

Alteration of artefact, from Italian artefatto, from Latin arte (“by skill”) (ablative of ars (“art”)) + factum (“thing made”) (from facio (“to make, do”)).

This JPEG image has been so highly compressed that it has unsightly artifacts, making it unsuitable for the cover of our magazine.

The opacity in his chest radiograph turned out to be an artifact due to the film.

These hallucinations are compression artifacts, but—like the incorrect labels generated by the Xerox photocopier—they are plausible enough that identifying them requires comparing them against the originals, which in this case means either the Web or our own knowledge of the world.

2023 February 9, Ted Chiang, “ChatGPT Is a Blurry JPEG of the Web”, in The New Yorker:

en:perceptible distortion in image or AV file

(computing, radiology) A perceptible distortion that appears in an audio or video file or an image as a result of applying a lossy compression or other inexact processing algorithm or of physical interference in an acquisition process.


efface

en-verb

efface (third-person singular simple present effaces, present participle effacing, simple past and past participle effaced)

effaces (present singular third-person)
effacing (participle present)
effaced (participle past)
effaced (past)

From Middle French effacer (“erase”), from Old French esfacier (“remove the face”).

Some females efface 75% by the 39th week of pregnancy.

(medicine, intransitive) Of the cervix during pregnancy, to thin and stretch in preparation for labor.


aura

en-noun

aura (countable and uncountable, plural aurae or auræ or auras)

aurae (plural)
auræ (plural)
auras (plural)

Borrowed from Latin aura (“a breeze, a breath of air, the air”), from Ancient Greek αὔρα (aúra, “breeze, soft wind”), from ἀήρ (aḗr, “air”). Doublet of east, auster, air, and aria. The slang sense originated in the early 2020s and was popularized on TikTok around May 2024.

der

(medicine) A perceptual disturbance experienced by some migraine sufferers before a migraine headache.

aura

(medicine) A telltale sensation experienced by some people with epilepsy before a seizure.


catalepsy

From cata- + -lepsy; ultimately from Ancient Greek κατάληψις (katálēpsis, “act of seizing”), from καταλαμβάνω (katalambánō, “I seize”), from κατά (katá, “against”) + λαμβάνω (lambánō, “I take”).

compound

"But they could not have been asleep!" cried Lord John. "Dash it all, Challenger, you don't mean to believe that those folk were asleep with their staring eyes and stiff limbs and that awful death grin on their faces!" "It can only have been the condition that is called catalepsy," said Challenger.

1913, Arthur Conan Doyle, “(please specify the page)”, in The Poison Belt […], London; New York, N.Y.: Hodder and Stoughton, →OCLC:

I was furious with Edgar Allan Poe for writing so accurately about this. His tales of catalepsy and live burial poisoned my childhood, and still killed me.

1976 September, Saul Bellow, Humboldt’s Gift, New York, N.Y.: Avon Books, →ISBN, page 190:

(pathology) A severe bodily condition, described in psychiatric pathology, marked by sudden rigidity, fixation of posture, and loss of contact with environmental conditions.


vaccine

PIE word
 *woḱéh₂
Learned borrowing from Latin vaccīnus (“of or derived from a cow”), from vacca (“cow (female cattle)”) + -īnus (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’ forming adjectives). Sense 1 refers to the early use of the cowpox virus as a vaccination against smallpox: see New Latin variolae vaccīnae (“cowpox”, plural, literally “infectious diseases of cattle causing pustules”), coined by the British physician and scientist Edward Jenner (1749–1823).

cog

(medicine) Of, pertaining to, caused by, or characteristic of cowpox.

lehmänrokko-

of, pertaining to, caused by, or characteristic of cowpox

I will call upon them: they are healthy children, we can have the vaccine infection from them, and I will inoculate the boy myself.

1804, Maria Edgeworth, “To-morrow. Chapter VII. Moral Habits Seldom Changed by Change of Fortune.”, in Popular Tales, volume III, London: Printed for J[oseph] Johnson, […], [b]y C. Mercier and Co., […], →OCLC, page 389:

(immunology) Of or pertaining to cowpox as a source of material for vaccination against smallpox; also, of or pertaining to such material used for vaccination.

lehmänrokko-

of or pertaining to cowpox as a source of material for vaccination against smallpox; of or pertaining to such material used for vaccination