CSS

en-noun

CSS (countable and uncountable, plural CSSs or CSSes)

Churg-Strauss syndrome
Churg-Strauss syndrome#English

(medicine) Initialism of Churg-Strauss syndrome.

Recently, the construction of CSS has been reported for the mapping of a susceptibility locus for testicular cancer on mouse chromosome 19.

2005, Eugene J. Eisen, editor, The Mouse in Animal Genetics and Breeding Research, Imperial College Press, →ISBN, page 77:

However, the gender of the mice, and, hence, the “direction” of the cross, is important to ensure that the X and Y chromosomes and the mitochondria are derived from the host strain in autosomal CSSs.

2006, Annie E. Hill, Eric S. Lander, Joseph H. Nadeau, “Chromosome Substitution Strains: A New Way to Study Genetically Complex Traits”, in Qing K. Wang, editor, Cardiovascular Disease: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Medicine), volume I (Genetics), Humana Press, →ISBN, page 160:

CSS models are also advantageous for detecting a given QTL in the presence of many other QTLs. In comparing results of published mapping studies, as many, and usually substantially more, QTLs were detected with CSSs than with F₂ intercrosses of comparable size.

2008, Wendell W. Weber, Pharmacogenetics, 2nd edition, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 288:

(genetics) Initialism of chromosome substitution strain.


URL

/ˌjuːˌɑːɹˈɛl/

ΟΕΠ

ομοιόμορφος εντοπιστής πόρων (omoiómorfos entopistís póron)

Coordinate term: LRL

(medicine, statistics) Initialism of upper reference limit.


laser

laser (countable and uncountable, plural lasers)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *lewk-der.
Proto-Germanic *leuhtaz
Proto-West Germanic *leuht
Old English lēoht
Middle English light
English light
Latin amplus
Latin -ficō
Latin amplificō
Latin -tiō
Latin amplificātiōlbor.
English amplification
English stimulate
English -ed
English stimulated
English emission
English radiation
English LASER
English laser
From LASER, acronym of light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation Coined by American physicist Gordon Gould in 1957. Originally called an optical maser.

acronym

w:light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation

LASER

I've still got a few more sessions of laser to get rid of the rest of my facial hair.

(uncountable, medicine) Ellipsis of laser hair removal.


ROM

en-noun

ROM (countable and uncountable, plural ROMs)

(medicine) Initialism of range of motion.

rupture of membranes
rupture of membranes#English

(medicine) Acronym of rupture of membranes.


plate

→ Maori: pereti

→ Hindi: प्लेट (pleṭ)

From Middle English plate, from Old French plate, from Medieval Latin plata, from Vulgar Latin *plat(t)us, from Ancient Greek πλατύς (platús, “broad, flat, wide”). Compare Spanish plato.
(foot): Cockney rhyming slang, from "plates of meat" for "feet".

der

(dentistry) A shaped and fitted surface, usually ceramic or metal that fits into the mouth and in which teeth are implanted; a dental plate.


heart

en-noun

heart (countable and uncountable, plural hearts)

Torres Strait Creole: at

→ Bengali: হার্ট (harṭ)

→ Cantonese: heart

→ Cebuano: Heart

→ Irish: hart

→ Japanese: ハート (hāto); ハツ (hatsu) (from hearts)

→ Korean: 하트 (hateu)

→ Tagalog: Heart

PIE word
 *ḱḗr
From Middle English herte, from Old English heorte (“heart”), from Proto-West Germanic *hertā, from Proto-Germanic *hertô (“heart”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱérd (“heart”). Doublet of cardia; see also core.
Most of the modern figurative senses (such as passion or compassion, spirit, inmost feelings, especially love, affection, and courage) were present in Old English. However, the meaning “center” dates from the early 14th century.
The verb sense “to love” is from the 1977 I ❤ NY advertising campaign.

the way to a man's heart is through his stomach

[…] I did almoſt beleeve, that the motion of the Heart vvas knovvn to God alone: […]

1653, William Harvey, “The Causes which Mov’d the Author to Write”, in [anonymous], transl., The Anatomical Exercises of Dr. William Harvey […] Concerning the Motion of the Heart and Blood. […], London: […] Francis Leach, for Richard Lownes […], →OCLC, page 1:

(anatomy) A muscular organ that pumps blood through the body, traditionally thought to be the seat of emotion.


plasma

plasma (countable and uncountable, plural plasmas or plasmata)

From Late Latin plasma (“mold”), from Ancient Greek πλάσμα (plásma, “something formed”).

der

human seminal plasma protein hypersensitivity

(hematology) A clear component of blood or lymph containing fibrin.

(medicine, dated) A mixture of starch and glycerin, used as a substitute for ointments.


sublimate

en-verb

sublimate (third-person singular simple present sublimates, present participle sublimating, simple past and past participle sublimated)

sublimates (present singular third-person)
sublimating (participle present)
sublimated (participle past)
sublimated (past)

From Middle English sublymate, from Latin sublīmātus, past participle of sublīmāre (“to raise, elevate”).

sublimovat

to modify (the natural expression of a sexual or primitive instinct) in a socially acceptable manner

Foreigners extol the American "energy" […] Basically it is the energy of violence, of free-floating resentment and anxiety unleashed by chronic cultural dislocations which must be, for the most part, ferociously sublimated. This energy has mainly been sublimated into crude materialism and acquisitiveness.

1969, Susan Sontag, “What’s Happening in America”, in Styles of Radical Will, Kindle edition, Penguin Modern Classics, published 2009, →ISBN, page 194:

When he got home from the parade, however, Professor Solanka was seized by melancholy, his usual secret sadness, which he sublimated into the public sphere. Something was amiss with the world. The optimistic peace-and-love philosophy of his youth having given him up, he no longer knew how to reconcile himself to an increasingly phoney […] reality.

2001, Salman Rushdie, Fury: A Novel, London: Jonathan Cape, →ISBN, page 7:

(figurative, psychoanalysis) To modify (the natural expression of a sexual or primitive instinct) in a socially acceptable manner; to divert the energy of (such an instinct) into some acceptable activity.

(figurative, psychoanalysis) To modify the natural expression of a sexual or primitive instinct in a socially acceptable manner; to divert the energy of such an instinct into some acceptable activity.


fluid

en-noun

fluid (countable and uncountable, plural fluids)

From Middle English fluid, from Latin fluidus (“flowing; fluid”), from Latin fluō (“to flow”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰleh₁- (“to swell; surge; overflow; run”). Akin to Ancient Greek φλύειν (phlúein, “to swell; overflow”). Not related to English flow, which is a native, inherited word from *plew-.

cog

(specifically, medicine, colloquial, typically in the plural) Intravenous fluids.


tail

Sranan Tongo: tere

From Middle English tail, tayl, teil, from Old English tæġl (“tail”), from Proto-West Germanic *tagl, from Proto-Germanic *taglą (“hair, fiber; hair of a tail”), from Proto-Indo-European *doḱ- (“hair of the tail”), from Proto-Indo-European *deḱ- (“to tear, fray, shred”). Cognate with Scots tail (“tail”), Saterland Frisian Tail (“tail, end”), West Frisian teil (“tail”), Dutch teil (“tail, haulm, blade”), Low German Tagel (“twisted scourge, whip of thongs and ropes; end of a rope”), German Zagel (“tail”), dialectal Danish tavl (“hair of the tail”), Swedish tagel (“hair of the tail, horsehair”), Norwegian tagl (“tail”), Icelandic tagl (“tail, horsetail, ponytail”), Gothic 𐍄𐌰𐌲𐌻 (tagl, “hair”). In some senses, apparently by a generalization of the usual opposition between head and tail.

hali

of cattle, in addition to reptiles, amphibians, and basically all animals that do not fall into the other categories; also used for inanimate objects and figuratively

have the world by the tail on a downhill pull

mackerel sky and mare's-tails make lofty ships carry low sails

mackerel sky and mare's-tails make tall ships carry low sails

the cow knows not the worth of its tail till it loses it

trust someone as far as one could fling a bull by the tail

Most primates have a tail and fangs.

(anatomy) The caudal appendage of an animal that is attached to its posterior and near the anus.

(anatomy) The distal tendon of a muscle.

(surgery) A portion of an incision, at its beginning or end, which does not go through the whole thickness of the skin, and is more painful than a complete incision; called also tailing.


liver

en-noun

liver (countable and uncountable, plural livers)

From Middle English lyvere, lyver, from Old English lifer (“liver”), from Proto-West Germanic *libru, from Proto-Germanic *librō, from Proto-Indo-European *leyp- (“to smear, smudge, stick”), from Proto-Indo-European *ley- (“to be slimy, be sticky, glide”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian Líeuwer, Lieuwer (“liver”), West Frisian lever (“liver”), Dutch lever (“liver”), German Leber (“liver”), Danish, Norwegian and Swedish lever (“liver”) (the last three from Old Norse lifr (“liver”)). Related to live.

der

Steve Jobs is a famous liver transplant recipient.

(anatomy) A large organ in the body that stores and metabolizes nutrients, destroys toxins and produces bile. It is responsible for thousands of biochemical reactions.


sharp

From Middle English scharp, from Old English sċearp, from Proto-West Germanic *skarp, from Proto-Germanic *skarpaz, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kerb-, from *(s)ker- (“to cut”).
Cognate with West Frisian skerp, Low German scharp, Dutch scherp, German scharf, Danish skarp. Compare Irish cearb (“keen; cutting”), Latin acerbus (“tart, bitter”), Tocharian B kärpye (“rough”), Latvian skârbs (“sharp, rough”), Russian щерба (ščerba, “notch”), Polish szczerba (“gap, dent, jag, chip, nick, notch”), Albanian harb (“rudeness”). More at shear.

(usually in the plural) Something that is sharp.

Something that is sharp.
A hypodermic syringe.

(medicine, dated) A scalpel or other edged instrument used in surgery.

(psychiatry, healthcare) A sharp object; any item pointed enough to injure human skin.


smooth

en-adj

smooth (comparative smoother, superlative smoothest)

smoother (comparative)
smoothest (superlative)

From Middle English smothe, smethe, from Old English smēþe, smōþ, both from Proto-West Germanic *smanþī, of unknown origin. Cognate with Scots smuith (“smooth”), Low German smood and smödig (“smooth, malleable, ductile”), Dutch smeuïg (“smooth”) (from earlier smeudig).

a smooth sea never made a skilled sailor

the course of true love never did run smooth

(of muscles, medicine) Involuntary and non-striated.


stone

en-noun

stone (countable and uncountable, plural stones or (UK colloquial, as unit of weight) stone)

stones (plural)
stone (UK colloquial plural)

Sranan Tongo: ston

→ Esperanto: ŝtono

From Middle English ston, stone, stan, from Old English stān, from Proto-West Germanic *stain, from Proto-Germanic *stainaz, from Proto-Indo-European *steyh₂- (“to stiffen”).
See also West Frisian stien, Saterland Frisian Steen, Dutch steen, German Stein, Danish and Swedish sten, Norwegian stein; also Russian стена́ (stená, “wall”), Ancient Greek στία (stía, “pebble”), στέαρ (stéar, “tallow”), Albanian shtëng (“hardened or pressed matter”), Sanskrit स्त्यायते (styāyate, “it hardens”)). Doublet of stein.

cog

The pain of passing a larger stone is often compared to child birth.

2016 September 26, James Hamblin, “A Health Benefit of Roller Coasters”, in The Atlantic:


matter

en-noun

matter (countable and uncountable, plural matters)

From Middle English matere, mater, from Anglo-Norman matere, materie, from Old French materie, matiere, from Latin materia (“wood”), from mater (“mother”), in which case cognate with Old Armenian մայր (mayr, “cedar”) and մայրի (mayri, “forest”). Doublet of Madeira, mata, mater, matrix, and mother.
Displaced Middle English andweorc, andwork (“material, matter”), from Old English andweorc (“matter, substance, material”), Old English intinga (“matter, affair, business”).

lëndë

basic structural component of the universe


matter

en-verb

matter (third-person singular simple present matters, present participle mattering, simple past and past participle mattered)

matters (present singular third-person)
mattering (participle present)
mattered (participle past)
mattered (past)

it doesn't matter what they say about you as long as they spell your name right

Each slight sore mattereth.

a. 1587, Philippe Sidnei [i.e., Philip Sidney], “(please specify the folio)”, in [Fulke Greville; Matthew Gwinne; John Florio], editors, The Countesse of Pembrokes Arcadia [The New Arcadia], London: […] [John Windet] for William Ponsonbie, published 1590, →OCLC:

(intransitive, medicine, archaic) To form pus or matter, as an abscess; to maturate.


crown

→ Japanese: クラウン (kuraun)

→ Korean: 크라운 (keuraun)

→ Maori: karauna

From Middle English coroune, from Anglo-Norman corone, from Latin corōna (“crown, wreath”), from Ancient Greek κορώνη (korṓnē). Doublet of corona, korona, koruna, krona, króna, and krone. Displaced native Old English corenbēag (“crown”); and Middle English kinehelm, kynehelm, from Old English cynehelm (“crown”).
* (paper size): So called because originally watermarked with a crown.

doublet

(anatomy, dentistry) The part of a tooth above the gums.

(dentistry) A prosthetic covering for a tooth.

каро́нка

dentistry: prosthetic covering for a tooth

(medicine) During childbirth, the appearance of the baby's head from the mother's vagina.


crown

en-verb

crown (third-person singular simple present crowns, present participle crowning, simple past and past participle crowned)

crowns (present singular third-person)
crowning (participle present)
crowned (participle past)
crowned (past)

The mother was in the second stage of labor and the fetus had just crowned, prompting a round of encouragement from the midwives.

You will see the baby's head crowning during contractions, at which time you must prepare to assist the mother in the delivery of the baby.

2007, David Schottke, American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, First Responder: Your First Response in Emergency Care, page 385

He's crowning . . . His head's coming through

2010, Scott Gallagher, Dancing Upon the Shore, page 157:

(medicine) Of a baby, during the birthing process; for the surface of the baby's head to appear in the vaginal opening.


orbit

en-noun

orbit (countable and uncountable, plural orbits)

Inherited from Middle English orbite, orbita, from Latin orbita (“course, track, impression, mark”).

គន្លង

kɔɔkŭənlɔɔng

(anatomy) The bony cavity in the skull of a vertebrate containing the eyeball.

(zoology) The area around the eye of a bird or other animal.


artery

Late Middle English arterie, borrowing from Old French artaire and Latin artēria (“a windpipe; an artery”), from Ancient Greek ᾰ̓ρτηρῐ́ᾱ (ărtērĭ́ā, “windpipe; artery”).

As we age, the major arteries of our bodies frequently become thickened with plaque, a fatty material with an oatmeal-like consistency that builds up along the inner lining of blood vessels. The reason plaque forms isn’t entirely known, but it seems to be related to high levels of cholesterol inducing an inflammatory response, which can also attract and trap more cellular debris over time.

2013 July–August, Stephen P. Lownie, David M. Pelz, “Stents to Prevent Stroke”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 4, →DOI, page 292:

(anatomy) Any of the muscular- and elastic-walled blood vessels forming part of the circulation system by which blood is conveyed away from the heart regardless of its oxygenation status; see pulmonary artery.


vein

From Middle English veyne, borrowed from Anglo-Norman veine, from Latin vēna (“a blood-vessel; vein; artery”) of uncertain origin. See vēna for more. Doublet of vena. Displaced native edre, from ǣdre (whence edder).

жи́ла

stripe or streak in stone or other material

The nurse hovered her vein finder to locate the veins in the patient's body.

An vncouth paine torments my grieued ſoule,
And death arreſts the organe of my voyce.
Who entring at the breach thy ſword hath made,
Sackes euery vaine and artier of my heart, […]

c. 1587–1588, [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], 2nd edition, part 1, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire, London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act II, scene vii:

(anatomy) A blood vessel that transports blood from the capillaries back to the heart.

лъынтфэ

blood vessel transporting blood towards the heart

ធមនី

thĕəʼmĕəʼnii


digestion

en-noun

digestion (countable and uncountable, plural digestions)

/daɪˈd͡ʒɛst͡ʃən/

/dɪˈd͡ʒɛst͡ʃən/

From Old French digestion. Partly displaced native Old English melting (“melting, digestion”).

ncog

(medicine, archaic) Generation of pus; suppuration.


q

Alternative form: Q

175 mg/m² q 3 wks ― 175 mg/m² every three weeks

(medicine) Each, every (with a time interval).


stroke

The noun is derived from Middle English strok, stroke (“blow from a weapon, cut”), from Old English strāc, from Proto-West Germanic *straik, from Proto-Germanic *straikaz (“stroke”), from Proto-Indo-European *streyg- (“to rub, stroke; to shear; to strike”).
Sense 3.6.2.2 (“the oblique, slash, or virgule (‘/’)”) is a contraction of oblique stroke, a variant of oblique which was originally used in telegraphy.
The verb is derived from the noun.
Cognates
* German Streich (“stroke”)
* Middle Low German strēk (“stroke, trick, prank”)
* Scots strak, strake, straik (“blow, stroke”)

isku

one of a series of beats or movements against a resisting medium, by means of which movement through or upon it is accomplished

ход

single movement or thrust of a part (such as a piston) of a machine that moves back and forth; length of this movement

خَطّ

line or mark made on a surface by an implement for drawing, writing, etc.

suffer a stroke

(medicine) A sudden interruption of blood supply to the brain, causing minor to major brain damage and possible death.

سكتة دِمَاغِيَّة

loss of brain function arising when the blood supply to the brain is suddenly interrupted

a stroke of apoplexy

(medicine) A sudden attack of any illness, especially if causing loss of consciousness or movement, or when fatal.


stroke

en-verb

stroke (third-person singular simple present strokes, present participle stroking, simple past and past participle stroked)

strokes (present singular third-person)
stroking (participle present)
stroked (participle past)
stroked (past)

(medicine) Chiefly followed by out: to suffer loss of brain function when the blood supply to the brain is suddenly interrupted; to have a stroke (noun sense 4).


stroke

strokes (present singular third-person)
stroking (participle present)
stroked (participle past)
stroked (past)
stroke (infinitive)

The verb is derived from Middle English stroken, straken (“to caress, fondle, pat, rub, smooth, stroke; to pass something over (someone or something); to brush or rub against;”) [and other forms], from Old English strācian (“to stroke”), from Proto-West Germanic *straikōn (“to caress, stroke”), from *straik (“a line, stroke; a dash”) (see further at etymology 1) + *-ōn (suffix forming verbs from nouns).
The noun is derived from the verb.
Cognates
* German streicheln (“to stroke, fondle”)
* German Low German straken, strieken, strakeln, striekeln (“to stroke; caress; fondle”)
* Middle Low German strēken, Middle Dutch strēken (modern Dutch streeken)
* Old High German strīhhan, streihhōn, Middle High German strīchen (modern German streichen (“to stroke; to rub; to spread; to apply; to paint; to cancel; to cross out, strike out; to delete; to discard”))
* Saterland Frisian strookje (“to stroke; caress”)
* West Frisian streakje (“to stroke; caress”)

nb...

strok, stroke, (Northern England, Scotland) straike, strake, (Early Middle English) straca, stracien

cog

[W]hen thou cam'ſt firſt / Thou ſtroakſt me, & made much of me: […]

1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tempest”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii], page 4, column 2:

(especially psychoanalysis) To give assurance to (someone) through encouragement.


throttle

From Middle English *throtel, diminutive of throte (“throat”), equivalent to throat + -le. Compare German Drossel (“throttle”). More at throat.

Then up got Peg, and round the house gan scuttle, / In search of goods her customer to nail, / Until the Sultaun strain'd his princely throttle, / And hollow'd,—"Ma'am, that is not what I ail.["]

1817 (date written), Walter Scott, “[Songs and Miscellanies.] Search after Happiness; or, The Quest of Sultaun Solimaun”, in The Poetical Works of Walter Scott, Esq. […], volume X, Edinburgh: […] [James Ballantyne and Company] for Arch[ibald] Constable and Co.; London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown; and John Murray, →OCLC, stanza XIX, pages 235–236:

Nor took a punch nor given a swing, / But just soaked deady round the ring / Until their brains and bloods were foul / Enough to make their throttles howl, […]

1911, John Masefield, The Everlasting Mercy, London: Sidgwick & Jackson, Ltd., page 7:

From the cabin came that horrible song: "Here's to the feet wot have walked the plank. Yo ho! for the dead man's throttle."

1915, Russell Thorndike, chapter XXXVII, in Doctor Syn:

(anatomy, archaic) The windpipe or trachea.


shock

en-noun

shock (countable and uncountable, plural shocks)

→ Bulgarian: шок (šok)

→ Chinese: 休克 (xiūkè)

→ Czech: šok

→ Italian: shock

→ Japanese: ショック (shokku)

→ Korean: 쇼크 (syokeu)

→ Macedonian: шок (šok)

→ Polish: szok

→ Russian: шок (šok)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic: шо̏к

Latin: šȍk

→ Slovak: šok

→ Spanish: shock

From Middle Dutch schokken (“to push, jolt, shake, jerk”) or Middle French choquer (“to collide with, clash”), from Old Dutch *skokkan (“to shake up and down, shog”), from Proto-Germanic *skukkaną (“to move, shake, tremble”). Of uncertain origin. Perhaps related to Proto-Germanic *skakaną (“to shake, stir”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kek-, *(s)keg- (“to shake, stir”); see shake.
Cognate with Middle Low German schocken (“collide with, deliver a blow to, move back and forth”), Old High German scoc (“a jolt, swing”), Middle High German schocken (“to swing”) (German schaukeln), Old Norse skykkr (“vibration, surging motion”), Icelandic skykkjun (“tremulously”), Middle English schiggen (“to shake”). Doublet of shog.

cog

shark (non-rhotic, father-bother merger)

But as was the case with pacemakers, external defibrillators were unwieldy, and the shocks they delivered—in the rare cases when patients were still conscious—were painful.

2018, Sandeep Jauhar, Heart: a History, →ISBN, page 173:

(medicine) Electric shock, a sudden burst of electrical energy hitting a person or animal.

(medicine) Circulatory shock, a medical emergency characterized by the inability of the circulatory system to supply enough oxygen to meet tissue requirements.


nut

→ Japanese: ナット (natto)

From Middle English nute, note, from Old English hnutu, from Proto-West Germanic *hnut, from Proto-Germanic *hnuts (“nut”), from a root *knu- possibly shared with Proto-Celtic *knūs and Latin nux (“nut”). Based on the form of the nouns and the restriction of the root to Germanic, Celtic and Italic, it has been argued to be of non-Indo-European (substrate) origin.
See also West Frisian nút, Dutch noot, German Nuss, Danish nød, Swedish nöt, Norwegian nøtt.

dió

walnut in particular and an element in the name of some other nuts

dióféle

literally: ’walnut-like’, the family of this fruit

walnuts, hazelnuts/peanuts, chestnuts, and related fruits

even a blind squirrel can find a nut once in a while

[...] The Tentigo, head or Nut of the Clitoris, covered by the Nymphes, as by a foreskin and the impaſſable paſſage of it [...]

1665, Dr. Chamberlain's Midwifes Practice, page 54:

GLANS, in anatomy, the anterior extremity of the penis, called by other different names, as the head of the penis, the nut of the penis, and the balanus of the penis.

1763, A New and Complete Dictionary of Arts and Sciences:

In persons troubled with tight foreskins, the matter from the urethra becomes collected between the foreskin and the nut of the penis.

1864, Edward Cox, Cox's Companion to the Sea Medicine Chest:

In this work the great Italian anatomist described a linen sheath which he claimed to have invented. Made to fit the glans, or nut of the penis, it was worn for protection against venereal disease.

1965, Peter Fryer, The Birth Controllers, page 23:

(anatomy) Senses related to male genitalia.

(archaic) The glans (structure at the extremity of the penis or of the clitoris).

I kicked him in the nuts.

(vulgar, slang, chiefly plural) A testicle.

Senses related to male genitalia.
A testicle.

As loudmouthed lovermen, these Lil Jon-endorsed ATLiens denigrate women from the window to the wall, generously offering to "make nut come out your nose."

2005 July, “Breakdown”, in Spin, page 104:

(vulgar, slang, uncountable) Semen, ejaculate, cum.

Senses related to male genitalia.
Semen, ejaculate, cum.

He just needs a good nut to make himself feel better.

[…] feelin' her pussy grippin' his dick as her nut lubricated him […]

2020, Dontavious Robinson, Gangster Mission Part One, Page Publishing, Inc, →ISBN:

(vulgar, slang, countable) Orgasm, ejaculation; especially release of semen; cumshot


valve

→ Cantonese: 嘩佬 /哗佬 (waa1 lou2)

→ Japanese: バルブ (barubu)

→ Thai: วาล์ว (waao)

From Middle English valve, from Latin valva (“double door, valve”). Doublet of valva.

the ileocolic, mitral, and semilunar valves

(anatomy) One or more membranous partitions, flaps, or folds, which permit the passage of the contents of a vessel or cavity in one direction, but stop or control the flow in the opposite direction


venturi

After Giovanni Battista Venturi, Italian physicist.

He’s at the age where mucus is a daily companion, a culture of mucus among the old, mucus in a thousand manifestations, appearing in clots by total surprise on a friend’s tablecloth, rimming his breath-passages at night in hard venturi, enough to darken the outlines of dreams and send him awake, pleading.

1973, Thomas Pynchon, Gravity's Rainbow:

(rare, pathology) A constriction in the flow of air to lungs.


calf

From Middle English calf, kalf, from Old Norse kalfi, possibly derived from the same Germanic root as English calf (“young cow”) (above). Cognate with Icelandic kálfi (“calf of the leg”).

New York, New Orleans, Philadelphia, Baltimore

(anatomy) The back of the leg below the knee.

កំភួនជើង

kɑmpʰuən cəəŋ


gyre

Borrowed from Latin gȳrus (“circle; circular motion”), from Ancient Greek γῦρος (gûros, “circle; ring”), from Proto-Indo-European *gew- (“to bend; to curve”). The English word is a doublet of gyro and gyrus.

der

(anatomy, zootomy, archaic) Synonym of gyrus (“a fold or ridge on the cerebral cortex of the brain”)


pass

en-verb

pass (third-person singular simple present passes, present participle passing, simple past and past participle passed)

passes (present singular third-person)
passing (participle present)
passed (participle past)
passed (past)

From Middle English passen, from Old French passer (“to step, walk, pass”), from Vulgar Latin *passāre (“step, walk, pass”), derived from Latin passus (“a step”), from pandere (“spread, unfold, stretch”), from Proto-Italic *patnō, from Proto-Indo-European *pth₂noh₂, from Proto-Indo-European *peth₂- (“to spread, stretch out”). Cognate with Old English fæþm (“armful, fathom”). More at fathom.
Displaced native Old English gengan.

اِجْتَازَ

to go through any inspection or test successfully

hyväksyttää

to cause to advance by stages of process

He was passing blood in both his urine and his stool.

The poison had been passed by the time of the autopsy.

(intransitive, transitive, medicine) To eliminate (something) from the body by natural processes.

مَرَّ

medicine: to eliminate (something) from the body by natural processes; to go through the intestines


hammer

From Middle English hamer, from Old English hamor, from Proto-West Germanic *hamar, from Proto-Germanic *hamaraz (“tool with a stone head”) (compare West Frisian hammer, Low German Hamer, Dutch hamer, German Hammer, Danish hammer, Swedish hammare). This is traditionally ascribed to Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱmoros, from *h₂éḱmō (“stone”), but see *hamaraz for further discussion.
(declare a defaulter on the stock exchange): Originally signalled by knocking with a wooden mallet.

sense

(anatomy) The malleus, a small bone of the middle ear.

hamer

bone of the middle ear — see also malleus


annotation

en-noun

annotation (countable and uncountable, plural annotations)

/ˌænəˈteɪʃən/

From Latin annotātiōnem, accusative singular of annotātiō (“remark, annotation”), from annotātus, perfect passive participle of annotō (“note down, remark”). Equivalent to annotate + -ion.

(genetics) Information relating to the genetic structure of sequences of bases.

注釋 /注释

information relating to the genetic structure of sequences of bases


convoluted

en-adj

convoluted (comparative more convoluted, superlative most convoluted)

more convoluted (comparative)
most convoluted (superlative)

[B]y the means of theſe hooks, and Spikes it [a tapeworm in the intestines] might faſten it ſelf, and ſo prevent it's too eaſy ejection out of the body. For it being ſo very long, and large too, and it's body in many places winding, and convoluted, the deſcent of the fæces upon all occaſions would be apt to carry it out with them; had it not this hold, [...]

1683 April 20, Edward Tyson, “Lumbricus Latus, or a Discourse Read before the Royal Society of the Joynted Worm, […]”, in Philosophical Transactions. Giving Some Accompt of the Present Undertakings, Studies and Labours of the Ingenious in Many Considerable Parts of the World, volume XIII, number 146, Oxford: Printed at the Theater, and are to be sold by Moses Pit […], and Samuel Smith […], →OCLC, page 130:

The figure [of the constellation Anguilla] is that of the common eel in that convoluted ſtate in which it is uſually ſeen when in motion.

1754, John Hill, “ANGUILLA, the Eel”, in Urania: Or, A Compleat View of the Heavens; Containing the Antient and Modern Astronomy, in the Form of a Dictionary: […], London: Printed for T. Gardner, […], →OCLC:

Petals five, generally reflected, the three exterior ovate, hollowed; the two interior longer and convoluted.

1822, William P[aul] C[rillon] Barton, “Listera convallarioides”, in A Flora of North America. […], volume II, Philadelphia, Pa.: H[enry] C[harles] Carey & I[saac] Lea […], →OCLC, page 8:

Among the various fossil shells which abound in the secondary beds, and which are not known in a recent state, one of the most remarkable and numerous is the Genus Ammonites, commonly called Cornu Ammonis from its resemblance to the convoluted horn generally represented on the head of Jupiter Ammon in mythological history. [...] This Genus, which consists of discoid, convoluted, chambered shells with contiguous volutions, the margins of whose septa are lobated and sinuous, and whose siphunculus is dorsal, is very nearly related to Nautilus, [...]

1831 March 31, George Brettingham Sowerby, “Ammonites”, in Number XXXIV. … of the Genera of Recent and Fossil Shells, for the Use of Students in Conchology and Geology, London: G. B. Sowerby, […], →OCLC:

The great mass of cloud filling the head of the gulf had long red smears amongst its convoluted folds of grey and black, as of a floating mantle stained with blood.

1904 January 29 – October 7, Joseph Conrad, chapter VII, in Nostromo: A Tale of the Seaboard, London, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers […], published 1904, →OCLC, part third (The Lighthouse), page 347:

Closer examination, however, begins to reveal the brain as having a much more intricate structure and sophisticated organization [...]. The large convoluted (and most porridge-like) portion on top is referred to as the cerebrum.

1989, Roger Penrose, “Real Brains and Model Brains”, in The Emperor’s New Mind: Concerning Computers, Minds and The Laws of Physics, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, →ISBN; paperback edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, 1999, →ISBN, page 483:

Everyone is familiar with the Hollywood cliche of the 'mad scientist' crouching over convoluted glassware in which fuming green liquids bubble away.

1999, “Make Me a Molecule”, in Nina Hall, editor, The Age of the Molecule, London: Royal Society of Chemistry, →ISBN, page 14:

(chiefly anatomy, zoology) Having numerous overlapping coils or folds; convolute.

ոլորապտույտ

having numerous overlapping coils or folds


chemistry

en-noun

chemistry (countable and uncountable, plural chemistries)

First coined 1605, from chemist + -ry. From chemist, chymist, from Latin alchimista, from Arabic اَلْكِيمِيَاء (al-kīmiyāʔ), from article اَل (al-) + Ancient Greek χυμεία (khumeía, “art of alloying metals”), from χύμα (khúma, “fluid”), from χυμός (khumós, “juice”), from χέω (khéō, “I pour”).

derived

اَلْكِيمِيَاء

Arabic اَلْكِيمِيَاء (al-kīmiyāʔ)

كِيمِيَائِيّ

as modifier: relating to or using chemistry

Coordinate term: serology

Diagnosis is presumptive by history and physical examination and is confirmed by chemistries.

(medicine, countable, informal, sometimes proscribed) A blood test to measure the amount of various components of the serum (such as electrolytes, creatinine, and glucose).


band

→ Japanese: バンド (bando)

→ Korean: 밴드 (baendeu)

Inherited from Middle English band (also bond), from Old English beand, bænd, bend (“bond, chain, fetter, band, ribbon, ornament, chaplet, crown”), from Proto-Germanic *bandą, *bandiz (“band, fetter”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰendʰ- (“to tie, bind”). Middle English band reinforced by Old French bande. Cognate with Dutch band, German Band, Danish bånd, Swedish band, Icelandic band (“band”). Related to bond, bind, bend.


proton

From Ancient Greek πρῶτον (prôton), neuter of πρῶτος (prôtos, “first”).
(physics): Coined by New Zealand-British scientist Ernest Rutherford in 1920, in analogy with electron (1891), and with an additional intention of honoring English chemist William Prout. Analyzable as proto- + -on
(anatomy): (1893); a translation of German Anlage (“fundamental thing”) based on Aristotle’s phrase he prote ousia to proton.

coin

It is a well authenticated fact that, in the case of section of a peripheral nerve, the nuclei of the sheath of Schwann pass to the centre of the lumen and form the protoplasmic prota of the segments of the new nerve[…]. From studies of the development of the olfactory organs in reptiles, as reported briefly in earlier numbers of this Journal, the writer has been abundantly convinced of the truth of Beard’s statement that the olfactory prota arise from the skin[…].

1898 July, “Contributed Articles”, in C[larence] L[uther] Herrick, editor, The Journal of Comparative Neurology: A Quarterly Periodical Devoted to the Comparative Study of the Nervous System, volume VIII, number 1; 2, Granville, Oh.: […] C[harles] Judson Herrick; […], pages 27 (C. L. H., […]) and 32–33 (C. L. H.; G[eorge] E[llett] Coghill, […]):

This paper constituted the proton (the primordium, or ‘Anlage,’ if you prefer) of my own subsequent contributions, and likewise, so far as I knew at the time, of the simplified nomenclature in America.

1898 December 28, Burt G[reen] Wilder, “Some Misapprehensions as to the Simplified Nomenclature of Anatomy”, in Proceedings of the Eleventh Annual Session of the Association of American Anatomists, […], Washington, D.C.: Beresford, […], published 1899, page 23:

a, b. Prota of primitive segments (protovertebræ).[…]These soon become partially constricted off from the fore-brain, their narrow pedicles—the optic stalks—being the prota of the optic nerves. The dorsal wall of the fore-brain continues to grow forward and upward from the rest of the vesicle, and soon forms a fourth ventricle or permanent fore-brain, the proton of the cerebral hemispheres.[…]By the sixth week the otocyst has been converted by a fold into two portions—a dorsal part—the utriculus, from which three projections arise, the prota of the semicircular canals (Fig. 91), and a ventral part, the sacculus, from the anterior end of which the cochlea is developed.[…]These are the Müllerian ducts, the prota of the female internal organs of generation.[…]The cords acquire a lumen and become the prota of the seminiferous tubules.

1899, Walter P[orter] Manton, “Menstruation—Ovulation—Development of the Ovum”, in Charles Jewett, editor, The Practice of Obstetrics, New York, N.Y., Philadelphia, Penn.: Lea Brothers & Co., part II (Physiology of Pregnancy), pages 84, 97, 104, 111, and 112:

(obsolete, anatomy) Synonym of primordium


tangle

From Middle English tanglen, probably of North Germanic origin, compare Swedish taggla (“to disorder”), Old Norse þǫngull, þang (“tangle; seaweed”), see Etymology 2 below.

(medicine) A paired helical fragment of tau protein found in a nerve cell and associated with Alzheimer's disease.


mildew

→ Catalan: míldiu

→ French: mildiou

→ Portuguese: míldio

→ Spanish: mildiu

From Middle English myldew, from Old English meledēaw, mildēaw, from Proto-West Germanic *milidauw, from *mili (“honey”) + *dauw (“dew”). Compare West Frisian moaldau, Dutch meeldauw, German Mehltau. More at dew.

(phytopathology) A growth of minute powdery or webby fungi, whitish or of different colors, found on various diseased or decaying substances.


lifting

en-noun

lifting (countable and uncountable, plural liftings)

(medicine) plastic surgery for tightening facial tissues and improving the facial appearance


hallux

From Late Latin hallux, from Latin allus, hallus.

His left foot winced. The hallux nail, ill-cut, / Assailed its neighbour toe with a shrewd nip.


organizer

/ˈɔɹɡənaɪzɚ/

(medicine) A group of cells that, together with the evocator, control differentiation in the embryo; the inductor


synergy

synergy (countable and uncountable, plural synergies)

From Ancient Greek συνεργία (sunergía, “cooperation”), from σύν (sún, “with, together”) + ἔργον (érgon, “work”).

der

the digestive synergy

(physiology) The cooperation of two or more nerves, muscles, organs, etc.

(pharmacology) The combined action of two or more drugs where the effects are stronger than their mere sum.


scrub

From Middle English scrobben (“groom a horse with a currycomb”); from Middle Dutch schrobben (“clean by scrubbing”).

der

(medicine, in the plural) Clothing worn while performing surgery.


moisture

en-noun

moisture (usually uncountable, plural moistures)

/ˈmɔɪs.t͡ʃə/

/ˈmɔɪs.t͡ʃɚ/

From Middle English moisture, from Old French moistour (“moisture, dampness, wetness”). Compare French moiteur.

der

(medicine) Skin moisture noted as dry, moist, clammy, or diaphoretic as part of the skin signs assessment.


asthenia

en-noun

asthenia (countable and uncountable, plural asthenias)

/æsˈθiː.nɪə/

From Ancient Greek ἀσθένεια (asthéneia), from ἀσθενής (asthenḗs, “sick, weak”), from ἀ- (a-, “not, un-”) + σθένος (sthénos, “strength”).


burden

From Middle English burden, birden, burthen, birthen, byrthen, from Old English byrden, byrþen, from Proto-West Germanic *burþini, from *burþī, from Proto-Germanic *burþį̄, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer- (“to carry, bear”).

der

(medicine) The total amount of toxins, parasites, cancer cells, plaque or similar present in an organism.


maslach

Arabic مَسْلُوق (maslūq): compare French masloc.

(medicine) An excitant containing opium, much used historically by the Turks.


masseter

Borrowed from New Latin massētēr. Compare French masséter.

(anatomy) The large muscle which runs through the rear part of the cheek from the temporal bone to the lower jaw on each side, raises the lower jaw, and assists in mastication.


masseteric

(anatomy, relational) Of or pertaining to the masseter.


palpable

en-adj

palpable (comparative more palpable, superlative most palpable)

more palpable (comparative)
most palpable (superlative)

From Middle French palpable and its source, Latin palpābilis, which is from palpō (“to touch softly”) + -bilis.

(medicine) That can be detected by palpation.


indolent

indolent (comparative more indolent, superlative most indolent)

more indolent (comparative)
most indolent (superlative)

From French indolent, from Latin indolens, from in- (“not”) + dolēns (“hurting”), from doleo (“to hurt”).

(medicine) Causing little or no physical pain; progressing slowly; inactive (of an ulcer, etc.)

безболезнен

medicine: causing little or no physical pain


neurotomy

/nʊəˈɹɑtəmi/

(neuroscience) The dissection, or anatomy, of the nervous system.

(neurology) The division of a nerve, for the relief of neuralgia, or for other purposes.


neurotomical

neurotomical (comparative more neurotomical, superlative most neurotomical)

more neurotomical (comparative)
most neurotomical (superlative)

(neuroscience) Of or pertaining to neurotomy.


neurotome

(neurology, neuroscience) An instrument for cutting or dissecting nerves.


locally

en-adv

locally (comparative more locally, superlative most locally)

more locally (comparative)
most locally (superlative)

To be applied locally

Puri et al demonstrated that intravesically administered apaziquone is well tolerated locally and systemically, and it has ablative activity for superficial bladder cancer marker lesions.

2015 July 25, “Anticancer Activity of Apaziquone in Oral Cancer Cells and Xenograft Model: Implications for Oral Cancer Therapy”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(medicine) In a restricted part of the body.


translocation

en-noun

translocation (countable and uncountable, plural translocations)

(genetics) A transfer of a chromosomal segment to a new position, especially on a nonhomologous chromosome; the segment so transferred.

translocatie

genetics: transfer of chromosomal segment


ileac

(anatomy, rare) Pertaining to the ilium.


aa

(medicine) Initialism of alveolar-arterial.


additive

en-adj

additive (comparative more additive, superlative most additive)

more additive (comparative)
most additive (superlative)

From Late Latin additivus, from the participial stem of Latin addere (“to add”).

(genetics) Of or pertaining to genes (or the interaction etc. of such genes) which govern the same trait and whose effects work together on the phenotype.


oxygen

en-noun

oxygen (countable and uncountable, plural oxygens)

→ Burmese: အောက်ဆီဂျင် (aukhcigyang)

/ˈɒksɪd͡ʒən/

/ˈɑksɪd͡ʒən/

/ˈɑksəd͡ʒən/

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ-der.?
Ancient Greek ὀξύς (oxús)
Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁-
Proto-Indo-European *-os
Proto-Indo-European *ǵénh₁os
Proto-Hellenic *génos
Ancient Greek γένος (génos)
French oxygènebor.
English oxygen
Borrowed from French oxygène (originally in the form principe oxygène, a variant of principe oxigine ‘acidifying principle’, suggested by Lavoisier), from Ancient Greek ὀξύς (oxús, “sharp”) + γένος (génos, “birth”), referring to oxygen's supposed role in the formation of acids. By surface analysis, oxy- + -gen.

etymon

(medicine) A mixture of oxygen and other gases, administered to a patient to help them breathe.


edit

Back-formation from editor, influenced by French éditer (“edit, publish”) and Latin editus.

(genetics) An alteration to the DNA sequence of a chromosome; an act of gene splicing.


oddball

Compound of odd + ball. First used in late 1930s, describing an extra ball played as a bonus in pin-ball type games. Well-attested since the 1940s, with the adjective appearing earlier than the noun.

event-related potential
event-related potential

(neuroscience) A deviant stimulus that appears among repetitive stimuli during an experiment, to trigger an event-related potential in the participant.


labour

en-noun

labour (countable and uncountable, plural labours)

term-label

(British spelling, Canadian spelling, Australian spelling, New Zealand spelling)

From Middle English labor, labour, labur, from Old French labor (modern labeur) and its etymon, Latin labor.

(medicine, obstetrics) The act of a mother giving birth.


mammary gland

(anatomy) A gland that secretes milk for suckling an infant or offspring.


breast

From Middle English brest, from Old English brēost, from Proto-West Germanic *breust, from Proto-Germanic *breustą, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrews- (“to swell”). Compare West Frisian boarst, Danish bryst, Swedish bröst; cf. also Dutch borst, German Brust.

der

hope springs eternal in the human breast

Tanya’s breasts grew remarkably during pregnancy.

(anatomy) Either of the two organs on the front of a female human's chest, which contain the mammary glands; also the analogous organs in males.

The Wedding-Guest here beat his breast, / For he heard the loud bassoon.

1798, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, The Rime of the Ancient Mariner:

(anatomy) The chest, or front of the human thorax.


window

en-noun

window (countable and uncountable, plural windows)

From Middle English wyndowe, wyndown, from Old Norse vindauga (“window”, literally “wind-eye; wind-hole”), equivalent to wind + eye. Cognate with Scots windae and windock, Faroese vindeyga, Norwegian Bokmål vindu, Norwegian Nynorsk vindauge, Danish vindue, archaic Swedish vindöga, Elfdalian windog and older German Windauge. Displaced native Old English ēagþȳrel (literally “eye hole”) (the rare direct descendant is eyethurl (“window, pupil, etc.”)). The “windows” among early Germanic peoples were just unglazed holes (eyes) in the wall or roof that permitted wind to pass through .

ncog

not have a pot to piss in or a window to throw it out of

(medicine) The time between first infection and detectability.


passage

en-verb

passage (third-person singular simple present passages, present participle passaging, simple past and past participle passaged)

passages (present singular third-person)
passaging (participle present)
passaged (participle past)
passaged (past)

Borrowed into Middle English from Old French passage, from passer (“to pass”).

He passaged the virus through a series of goats.

After 24 hours, the culture was passaged to an agar plate.

(medicine) To pass something, such as a pathogen or stem cell, through a host or medium.


sartorial

en-adj

sartorial (comparative more sartorial, superlative most sartorial)

more sartorial (comparative)
most sartorial (superlative)

From New Latin sartorius (“pertaining to a tailor”), from Late Latin sartor (“tailor”), from Latin sarcire (“to patch, mend”).

der

(anatomy) Of or relating to the sartorius muscle.


essential

en-adj

essential (comparative more essential, superlative most essential)

more essential (comparative)
most essential (superlative)

From Late Latin essentiālis, from Latin essentia (“being, essence”).

essential blepharospasm


TOC

(cytology) Initialism of translocon on outer chloroplast membrane.


APL

en-noun

APL (countable and uncountable, plural APLs)

(computer language): From the book A Programming Language (1962).

The disease that stood at the pivotal crossroads of oncology was yet another rare variant of leukemia called acute promyelocytic leukemia—APL.

2010, Siddhartha Mukherjee, The Emperor of All Maladies, Fourth Estate (2011), page 407:

acute promyelocytic leukemia
w:acute promyelocytic leukemia

(oncology, hematology, uncountable) Initialism of acute promyelocytic leukemia.


GB

Goofballs usually produce a quiet drowsiness, but also at times a tense aggressiveness that can be frighteningly unpredictable. Irene's behavior when she is high on GBs, which is most of the time, has created such havoc in the neighborhood restaurants that they no longer let her in.

1965 February 26, James Mills, “The World of Needle Park”, in Time, volume 58, number 8, page 82:

(informal, pharmacology) Initialism of goofball (“barbiturate”).


PHP

(pathology) Initialism of pseudohypoparathyroidism.


host

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *gʰóstis
Proto-Indo-European *pótis
Proto-Indo-European *gʰóstipotis
Proto-Italic *hostipotis
Latin hospes
Old French ostebor.
Middle English hoste
English host
From Middle English hoste, from Old French oste (French: hôte), from Latin hospitem, accusative of hospes (“a host, also a sojourner, visitor, guest; hence, a foreigner, a stranger”), from *hostipotis, an old compound of hostis and the root of potis, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰóstipotis (“master of guests”), from *gʰóstis (“stranger, guest, enemy”) and *pótis (“owner, master, host, husband”). Used in English since 13th century.

der

The so-called junk DNA is known, so far, to provide no apparent benefit to its host.

(evolution, genetics) An organism bearing certain genetic material, with respect to its cells.

drager

genetics: organism bearing certain genetic material


EOD

(medicine) Initialism of every other day.


put out

en-verb

put out (third-person singular simple present puts out, present participle putting out, simple past and past participle put out)

puts out (present singular third-person)
putting out (participle present)
put out (participle past)
put out (past)

(transitive) To cause something to be out, particularly

(boxing and medicine) Synonym of knock out: to render unconscious.


feeler

From Middle English feler, feeler, felar, equivalent to feel + -er. Animal organ definition from 1660s. Transferred sense of "proposal put forth to observe the reaction it gets" is from 1830.

(anatomy) An antenna or appendage used for feeling, especially on an insect.

շոշափուկ

an antenna or appendage used to feel, as on an insect


ABC

en-noun

ABC (countable and uncountable, plural ABCs)

I run my hands over his chest, assessing his ABCs: airway, breathing, circulation.

2015, Marcia Wells, Eddie Red Undercover: Mystery in Mayan Mexico, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, →ISBN, page 180:

(mnemonic, emergency medicine) Initialism of airway, breathing and circulation: the essential steps in the immediate assessment and treatment of critically ill or injured patients.

airway

(immunology, medicine) Initialism of antigen-binding capacity.

Together, these findings indicate that CD21/35⁻CD23⁻ B cells do not correspond to any previously defined B-cell subset, but share some characteristics with exhausted B cells. Because they emerge and may eventually predominate with age, we have termed them age-associated B cells (ABCs).

2011 August 4, Yi Hao, Patrick O'Neill, Martin S. Naradikian, Jean L. Scholz, Michael P. Cancro, “A B-cell subset uniquely responsive to innate stimuli accumulates in aged mice”, in Blood, volume 118, number 5, →DOI, page 1296:

(immunology) Initialism of age-associated B cell.

In the long bones, spine, and flat bones, the majority of aneurysmal bone cysts (ABCs) are eccentrically located whereas in the short tubular bones they are usually central in location. […] About 15% of all giant cell tumors have cystic areas that resemble ABC, and in about one third of all ABCs a pre-existing lesion can be identified.

2013, Georges Y. El-Khoury, “Tumors/Miscellaneous: Aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC)”, in D. Lee Bennett, Georges Y. El-Khoury, editors, Pearls and Pitfalls in Musculoskeletal Imaging: Variants and Other Difficult Diagnoses, Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 219:

aneurysmal bone cyst
w:aneurysmal bone cyst

(pathology) Initialism of aneurysmal bone cyst.

adenoid basal cell carcinoma
w:adenoid basal cell carcinoma

(pathology) Initialism of adenoid basal cell carcinoma.

(pharmacology) Abbreviation of abacavir.

(pharmacology) Initialism of accelerated blood clearance.


ABC

diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

(medicine, of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma) Initialism of activated B-cell-like.


ABC

A final example of the iatrogenic effects of international public interventions is the impact on condom use that resulted from the “ABC” (Abstinence, Be Faithful, Use Condoms) approach to AIDS prevention, which has dominated programmatic efforts in Nigeria since about 2000. The President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), created under US President George W. Bush's administration, promoted a conservative approach to AIDS prevention through its ABC messages, which were (1) abstinence is the only true prevention; (2) if one is in a sexual relationship, stay faithful to one partner; and (3) if one can't do either, use condoms.

2014, Daniel Jordan Smith, “Introduction”, in AIDS Doesn't Show Its Face: Inequality, Morality, and Social Change in Nigeria, Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, →ISBN, page 15:

abstinence, be faithful, use a condom
w:abstinence, be faithful, use a condom

(medicine) Initialism of abstinence, be faithful, use a condom: a sex education policy developed in response to the epidemic of HIV/AIDS in Africa.


output

output (countable and uncountable, plural outputs)

From out + (verb) put; nominalisation of put out.

That which is produced by something, especially that which is produced within a particular time period or from a particular effort.

(medicine) The flow rate of body liquids such as blood and urine.


ham

ham (countable and uncountable, plural hams)

Inherited from Middle English hamme, from Old English hamm (“inner or hind part of the knee, ham”), from Proto-Germanic *hamō, *hammō, *hanmō, from Proto-Indo-European *kónh₂m (“leg”).
Cognate with Dutch ham (“ham”), dialectal German Hamme (“hind part of the knee, ham”), dialectal Swedish ham (“the hind part of the knee”), Icelandic höm (“the ham or haunch of a horse”), Old Irish cnáim (“bone”), Ancient Greek κνήμη (knḗmē, “shinbone”). Compare gammon and gam.

cog

(anatomy) The region back of the knee joint; the popliteal space; the hock.


EKG

From German EKG. Initialism of German Elektrokardiogramm.

(cardiology) Synonym of ECG (“electrocardiogram”)


CD

en-noun

CD (countable and uncountable, plural CDs)

Abbreviation of various terms and phrases.

cluster of differentiation
cluster of differentiation#English

(immunology, biochemistry) Initialism of cluster of differentiation.

(medicine) Abbreviation of Crohn's disease.

سِي دِي

abbreviation of compact disc — see also compact disc


GMT

(medicine) Initialism of gelatinous bone marrow transformation.


FM

FM (countable and uncountable, plural FMs)


PET

PET (countable and uncountable, plural PETs)

The name of the computer (sense 4) derives from the 1970s pet rock fad; the acronym was invented afterwards.

positron emission tomography
positron emission tomography#English

(countable, medicine) Acronym of positron emission tomography.

(countable, genetics) Acronym of paired-end tag.


ECG

(cardiology) Initialism of electrocardiogram; initialism of electrocardiography; initialism of electrocardiograph.


EEG

EEG (countable and uncountable, plural EEGs)

(medicine, countable) Initialism of electroencephalogram.

(medicine, countable) Initialism of electroencephalograph.

(medicine) Initialism of electroencephalography.


en-adj

null (comparative more null, superlative most null)

more null (comparative)
most null (superlative)

Borrowed from Middle French nul, from Latin nūllus.

(genetics, of a mutation) Causing a complete loss of gene function; amorphic.


void

en-verb

void (third-person singular simple present voids, present participle voiding, simple past and past participle voided)

voids (present singular third-person)
voiding (participle present)
voided (participle past)
voided (past)

From Middle English voide, voyde, from Old French vuit, voide, vuide (modern vide), in turn from Vulgar Latin *vocitum, ultimately from Latin vacuus.

void one’s bladder

void one’s bowels

(transitive, medicine) Synonym of empty (verb).


cord

en-noun

cord (countable and uncountable, plural cords)

From Middle English corde, from Old French corde, from Latin chorda, from Ancient Greek χορδή (khordḗ, “string of gut, the string of a lyre”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰerH- (“bowels, intestines”)). More at yarn and hernia.

der

spermatic cord; spinal cord; umbilical cord; vocal cords

Since spinal cord injury is associated with edema and changes in AQP4 expression, Ge and coworkers investigated the potential antiedema effect of epigallocatechin gallate and its underlying mechanism on a rat model of acute spinal cord injury.

2015 August 4, Diana Fiorentini et al., “Polyphenols as Modulators of Aquaporin Family in Health and Disease”, in Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, volume 2015, →DOI:

(anatomy) Any structure having the appearance of a cord, especially a tendon or nerve.


syzygy

en-noun

syzygy (countable and uncountable, plural syzygies)

From Late Latin sȳzygia (“conjunction”), from Ancient Greek συζυγία (suzugía, “union, yoke, pair”). This word was recognized as English in 1847 (in its astronomical meaning).

der

(medicine) The fusion of some or all of the organs.

(genetics) The pairing of chromosomes in meiosis.


delta

From Ancient Greek δέλτα (délta), borrowed from a Phoenician word for "door", ultimately from Proto-Semitic *dalt-. Doublet of dalet.
* (river): from the triangular shape of the majuscule Greek letter delta Δ
* (USSF): from the delta wing, symbol of the USSF, a triangular wing, shaped like the majuscule Greek letter delta Δ

(medicine) Short for delta variant. (variant of the SARS-CoV-2 virus)


labyrinth

From Middle English laberynt, laberynthe, from Latin labyrinthus, from Ancient Greek λᾰβύρῐνθος (lăbúrĭnthos, “a maze”).

(anatomy) A tortuous anatomical structure:

(anatomy) A complex structure in the inner ear which contains the organs of hearing and balance. It consists of bony cavities (the bony labyrinth) filled with fluid and lined with sensitive membranes (the membranous labyrinth).

(zoology) An accessory respiratory organ of certain fish.


lunar

From Middle English lunar (“shaped like the crescent moon”), from Latin lūnāris (“of or pertaining to the moon, lunar”) (possibly through Middle French lunaire (modern French lunaire (“lunar”)), from lūna (“the Moon; crescent shape”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *lewk- (“bright; to shine”)) + -is (suffix forming adjectives).

der

The carpal bones are usually described as being capable of being luxated from the lower end of the radius forwards or backwards, inwards or outwards. The case backwards, which has been stated to be the most frequent, is facilitated by the direction of the convex articular surfaces of the scaphoid, lunar, and cuneiform bones, which slope more backwards than forwards.

[1838, Samuel Cooper, “DISLOCATION”, in A Dictionary of Practical Surgery: Comprehending All the Most Interesting Improvements, from the Earliest Times down to the Present Period; […], 7th edition, London: Printed for Longman, Orme, & Co.; […], →OCLC, page 451, column 1:

There are two larger bones of the wrist called the scaphoid and lunar; these form a large ball, and this is received into the lower end of the radius.

1888, John C[harles] L[ewis] Sparkes, “The Bones”, in A Manual of Artistic Anatomy for the Use of Students in Art. Being a Description of the Bones and Muscles that Influence the External Form of Man, London: Baillière, Tindall, and Cox, […], →OCLC, page 16, column 1:

The scaphoid and lunar (wrist bones) are separate, whereas in Carnivores they are united perhaps to give greater strength to the wrist.

1946, Evelyn Feiring, Rainbow of Being, Pasadena, Calif.: Holly, →OCLC, page 155:

(anatomy) The middle bone of the proximal series of the carpus in the wrist, which is shaped like a half-moon.


homologous

en-adj

homologous (comparative more homologous, superlative most homologous)

more homologous (comparative)
most homologous (superlative)

/həˈmɒləɡəs/

From Late Latin homologus, from Ancient Greek ὁμόλογος (homólogos, “agreeing, of one mind”), from ὁμός (homós, “same”) + λόγος (lógos, “reason, reckoning”). Compare homo- (“same”) and -ous (adjectival suffix). From 1655, in the mathematical sense. See also homolog, homologue.

der

Showing a degree of correspondence or similarity.

(genetics) Having the same morphology as another chromosome or locus; relating to a homologue.

homologní

(genetics) having the same morphology as another chromosome


line

→ Scottish Gaelic: loidhne

From Middle English line, lyne, from Old English līne (“line, cable, rope, hawser, series, row, rule, direction”), from Proto-West Germanic *līnā, from Proto-Germanic *līnǭ (“line, rope, flaxen cord, thread”), from Proto-Germanic *līną (“flax, linen”), from Proto-Indo-European *līno- (“flax”).
Influenced in Middle English by Middle French ligne (“line”), from Latin linea. More at linen.
The oldest sense of the word is “rope, cord, thread”; from this the senses “path”, “continuous mark” were derived.

lyn

path through two or more points, threadlike mark

lyn

single horizontal row of text on a screen, printed paper, etc.

linja

measure of length, the main division of an inch or its local equivalent

(genetics) A population of cells derived from a single cell and containing the same genetic makeup.

linja

patient had a line inserted

line sepsis

(medicine, colloquial) A vascular catheter.


CBC

complete blood count
complete blood count#English

(medicine) Initialism of complete blood count.


CTV

clinical target volume
clinical target volume#English

(medicine) Initialism of clinical target volume, a part of the human body with malignant tumour and some volume surrounding it


ERT

enzyme replacement therapy
w:enzyme replacement therapy

(medicine) Initialism of enzyme replacement therapy.


nick

The noun is derived from Late Middle English nik (“notch, tally; nock of an arrow”). Its further etymology is unknown; a connection with nock (“notch in a bow to hold the bowstring; notch at the rear of an arrow that fits the bowstring; cleft in the buttocks”) has not been clearly established.
The verb appears to be derived from the noun, though the available evidence shows that some of the verb senses predate the noun senses. No connection with words in Germanic languages such as Danish nikke (“to nod”), Middle Dutch nicken (“to bend; to bow”) (modern Dutch knikken (“to nod”)), Middle Low German nicken (“to bend over; to sink”), Middle High German nicken (“to bend; to depress”) (modern German nicken (“to nod”)), Middle Low German knicken (“to bend; to snap”) (modern German knicken (“to bend; to break”), Old Frisian hnekka (“to nod”), and Swedish nicka (“to nod”), has been clearly established.

unknown

further etymology is unknown

cog

Analysis of the effect of temperature on the polymerization reaction with nicked and gapped DNA substrates in Mn²⁺ (8) [...] reveals identical values of activation energy (Eₐ) and Q₁₀, indicating that the frequency of productive interactions of polymerase β with 3′-hydroxyl termini at nicks and gaps is indistinguishable and suggesting that localized destabilization of the 5′-terminated DNA strand at the nick site does not contribute significantly to the rate-determining step(s) of the synthetic reaction.

1981, David Korn, Paul A. Fisher, Teresa S.-F. Wang, “Mechanisms of Catalysis of Human DNA Polymerases α and β”, in Waldo E. Cohn, editor, Progress in Nucleic Acid Research and Molecular Biology, volume 26 (DNA: Multiprotein Interactions), New York, N.Y.: Academic Press, →ISBN, page 66:

The double-stranded insert and linearized vector are denatured, and the resulting single strands of DNA anneal with their overlapping ends and extend using each other as a template to form double-stranded circular plasmids with only two nicks, one on each single strand. [...] Lastly, the nicks are covalently closed upon transformation into E. coli using its natural repair processes.

2015, Lesley-Ann Giddings, David J. Newman, “Activating the Expression of Natural Product Biosynthetic Gene Clusters”, in Bioactive Compounds from Extremophiles: Genomic Studies, Biosynthetic Gene Clusters, and New Dereplication Methods (SpringerBriefs in Microbiology), Cham, Switzerland, Heidelberg: Springer, →DOI, →ISBN, →ISSN, section 2.2 (Heterologous Expression), page 13:

The nick translation process is simply a replication of DNA in vitro with DNA polymerase I (Klenow fragment) and radioactive nucleotide, which becomes incorporated into the duplicated DNA at a nick (break).

2015, Byong H. Lee, “Concepts and Tools for Recombinant DNA Technology”, in Fundamentals of Food Biotechnology, 2nd edition, Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell, John Wiley & Sons, →ISBN, section 2.2.3 (Purpose of Gene Cloning), pages 172–173:

(genetics) One of the single-stranded DNA segments produced during nick translation.


NHL

non-Hodgkin lymphoma
non-Hodgkin lymphoma#English

(pathology) Initialism of non-Hodgkin lymphoma.


PPV

en-noun

PPV (countable and uncountable, plural PPVs)

positive pressure ventilation
positive pressure ventilation#English

(medicine, firefighting) Abbreviation of positive pressure ventilation.

(countable, by extension) A positive pressure ventilation machine, a PPV device

HFPPV

high frequency positive pressure ventilation

IPPV

intermittent positive pressure ventilation

NPPV

noninvasive positive pressure ventilation

NiPPV

non-invasive positive pressure ventilation


TV

TV (countable and uncountable, plural TVs)

→ Thai: ทีวี (tii-wii)

→ Vietnamese: ti vi

(physiology) Initialism of tidal volume.


lambda

From Ancient Greek λάμβδα (lámbda). Doublet of lamed.

(anatomy) The junction of the lambdoid and sagittal sutures of the cranium.


XXX

From having three X chromosomes (and no Y), or as a clipping of XXX syndrome.

/ˈtɹɪpəlˈʔɛks/


AAA

AAA (countable and uncountable, plural AAAs)

abdominal aortic aneurysm
w:abdominal aortic aneurysm

(medicine) Initialism of abdominal aortic aneurysm.


WB

WB (countable and uncountable, plural WBs)


CC

CC (countable and uncountable, plural CCs)

(medicine) Initialism of chief complaint.

(medicine) Initialism of cervical cancer.


dam

From Middle English dam, from Old English *damm, from Proto-West Germanic *damm, from Proto-Germanic *dammaz.

(dentistry) A device to prevent a tooth from getting wet during dental work, consisting of a rubber sheet held with a band.


nucleus

Learned borrowing from Latin nucleus (“kernel, core”). The earliest uses refer to the head of a comet and the kernel of a seed, both recorded in Lexicon Technicum in 1704. The sense in atomic physics was coined by British scientist Michael Faraday in 1844 in a theoretical meaning.

coin

(cytology) A large membrane-enclosed organelle found in eukaryotic cells which contains genetic material.

selkern

cytology: large organelle found in cells

(neuroanatomy) A ganglion, cluster of many neuronal bodies where synapsing occurs.

nukleus

neuroanatomy: cluster of many neuronal bodies


echo

en-noun

echo (countable and uncountable, plural echoes or echos)

From Middle English eccho, ecco, ekko, from Medieval Latin ecco, from Latin echo, from Ancient Greek ἠχώ (ēkhṓ), from ἠχή (ēkhḗ, “sound”). Possibly from the same Proto-Indo-European root as sough.

(medicine, colloquial, uncountable) Clipping of echocardiography.

(medicine, colloquial, countable) Clipping of echocardiogram.


lithium

lithium (countable and uncountable, plural lithiums)

From New Latin lithium, from Ancient Greek λίθος (líthos, “stone”) + -ium.

There's more: Part of the reason I am so meek is that I stopped taking my lithium a few weeks before. It's not that I have a death wish, and it's not that I'm like Axl Rose and think that lithium makes me less manly (he supposedly stopped taking it after his first wife told him that his dick wasn't as hard as it used to be and that sex with him was lousy;[…]).

1994, Elizabeth Wurtzel, Prozac Nation: Young and Depressed in America, Houghton Mifflin, →ISBN, page 4:

Lithium has been used as a mood stabiliser for 50 years but its action mechanism is still unclear.

2008, Barbara Kozier, Fundamentals of Nursing: Concepts, Process and Practice, Pearson Education, →ISBN, page 191:

(pharmacology, uncountable) Lithium carbonate or other preparations of lithium metal used as a mood stabiliser to treat manic depression and bipolar disorders.


barium

barium (usually uncountable, plural bariums)

Coined by British chemist Humphry Davy in 1808, from baryta + -ium.


platinum

en-noun

platinum (countable and uncountable, plural platinums)

From Spanish platina (“little silver”) del Pinto ("of the Pinto") + -um. It was called "little" (or "lesser") silver because the metal was found as an impurity in gold, and del Pinto for the Pinto River in Grand Columbia where Europeans discovered it being mined by Native Americans.

(medicine, countable, sometimes, elliptically) A platinum-based drug: a platin.


PC

PC (countable and uncountable, plural PCs)

(medicine) Initialism of presenting complaint.

posterior commissure
w:Posterior commissure

(anatomy) Initialism of posterior commissure.

(anatomy) Initialism of pubococcygeus muscle.


VL

VL (countable and uncountable, plural VLs)

visceral leishmaniasis
visceral leishmaniasis#English

(pathology) Initialism of visceral leishmaniasis.


MF

MF (countable and uncountable, plural MFs)

(medicine) Abbreviation of myelofibrosis.


Rh

Rh positive

pertaining to blood containing Rh factor D, one of 61 Rh factors

Rh negative

pertaining to blood missing Rh factor D, one of 61 Rh factors

Rh-null

pertaining to blood missing antigens for all 61 Rh factors

(medicine) Abbreviation of Rhesus factor.


LES

LES (countable and uncountable, plural LESs)

lower esophageal sphincter
w:lower esophageal sphincter

(anatomy) Initialism of lower esophageal sphincter.


omicron

/əʊˈmaɪkɹɒn/

/əʊˈmaɪkɹən/

/ˈoʊməˌkɹɑn/

/ˈoʊmɪˌkɹɑn/

Johann Bayer
Uranometria
en:omicron (disambiguation)

From Latin omicron, from Koine Greek ὂ μῑκρόν (ò mīkrón, “little o”), named in contrast with omega (“big o”). The uncommon form omicra is similarly borrowed from Latin and Greek. The use for designating stars in a constellation—typically in order of apparent brightness—began with Johann Bayer's 1603 Uranometria.

der

(virology, pathology) Ellipsis of Omicron variant.


sole

→ Hebrew: סוֹל (sol)

From Middle English sole, soole, from Old English sole, solu. Reinforced by Anglo-Norman sole, Old French sole, from Vulgar Latin *sola (“bottom of the shoe”, also “flatfish”), from Latin solea (“sandal, bottom of the shoe”), from Proto-Indo-European *swol- (“sole”). Cognate with Dutch zool (“sole, tread”), German Sohle (“sole, insole, bottom, floor”), Danish sål (“sole”), Icelandic sóli (“sole, outsole”), Gothic 𐍃𐌿𐌻𐌾𐌰 (sulja, “sandal”). Related to Latin solum (“bottom, ground, soil”). More at soil.

cog

(anatomy) The bottom or plantar surface of the foot.


jaundice

en-noun

jaundice (countable and uncountable, plural jaundices)

/ˈd͡ʒɔːndɪs/

From Middle English jaundis, jaunis, from Middle French jaunisse, from jaune (“yellow”) + -isse (“-ness”). Jaune, from Old French jalne, from Latin galbinus (“yellowish”), from galbus (“yellow”).

Why ſhould a man whoſe bloud is warme within, / Sit like his Grandſire, cut in Alabaſter? / Sleepe when he wakes? and creep into the Iaundies / By being peeuiſh?

c. 1596–1598 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merchant of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i], page 163:

But look in this new mirror, lovely friend. / Both gods and fairies wait on lovers' wills. / That jaundices be changed to daffodils!

1920, Natalie Clifford Barney, “A Sonnet to My Lady with the Jaundice”, in Poems & poèmes:

In British folk medicine there are some unusual remedies for jaundice. A bizarre superstition from Staffordshire is that if a bladder is filled with the patient's urine and placed near the fire, as it dries out, the patient will recover (Black 1883: 56).

2004, Gabrielle Hatfield, Encyclopedia of Folk Medicine: Old World and New World Traditions, ABC-CLIO, →ISBN, page 215:

Just ask the doctors how many cases of infantile jaundice in newborn babies have this scene that particular week?

2016, Dueep Jyot Singh, John Davidson, Knowing More About Jaundice - Prevention and Natural Cure Remedies of Jaundice, Mendon Cottage Books, →ISBN, page 8:

(pathology) A morbid condition, characterized by yellowness of the eyes, skin, and urine.


jaundiced

en-adj

jaundiced (comparative more jaundiced, superlative most jaundiced)

more jaundiced (comparative)
most jaundiced (superlative)

Jaundiced eyes seem to see all objects yellow.

1640, Joseph Hall, Episcopacy by Divine Right:

Overhanging her precarious body was a jaundiced face whose skin resembled a sheet of parchment paper punctured by two emotionless eyes.

2001, Dan Brown, Deception Point, →ISBN, page 72:


IV

Alternative form: i.v.


IV

(medicine) Initialism of intravenous injection.


neurotic

Formed of neuro- (“of nerves or the nervous system”) + -otic (“having abnormal condition”). The initial element, in turn, is from Ancient Greek νεῦρον (neûron, “nerve”). Attested from the 17th century. Compare French névrotique.

affix

(medicine) Useful in disorders of, or affecting, the nerves.


augmentation

en-noun

augmentation (countable and uncountable, plural augmentations)

From Middle English augmentation, augmentacion, augmentacioun, from Old French augmentacion, from Latin augmentātiō, verbal noun from augmentō (“increase”, verb).

(medicine) A surgical procedure to enlarge a body part, as breast augmentation.

vergroting

medicine: a surgical procedure to enlarge a body part, as breast augmentation

(medicine) The stage of a disease during which symptoms increase or continue.

anábase

medicine: the stage of a disease during which symptoms increase or continue


eukaryote

head

eukaryote (plural eukaryotes or eukarya)

Borrowed from French eucaryote; equivalent to eu- + karyon + -ote.

It is now clear that among organisms there are two different organizational patterns of cells, which Chatton (1937) called, with singuar prescience, the eucaryotic and procaryotic type.

1962 March, Roger Stanier, “The concept of a bacterium”, in Archiv für Mikrobiologie, volume 42, number 1, page 17:

(cytology) Any of the single-celled or multicellular organisms of the taxonomic domain Eukaryota, whose cells contain at least one distinct nucleus.

حقيقيات النوى

any of the single-celled or multicellular organisms whose cells contain at least one distinct nucleus


BSA

(medicine) Initialism of body surface area.


laudanum

en-noun

laudanum (usually uncountable, plural laudanums)

From New Latin, from ladanum (“a gum resin”), from Ancient Greek λάδανον (ládanon). Originally the same word as ladanum, labdanum, compare French laudanum, Italian laudano, ladano. Perhaps influenced by Latin laudō (“I praise”). See ladanum.
Used by Paracelsus to refer to ladanum gum, and to a compound recipe containing pearls, but apparently not to any preparation of opium; this modern sense was introduced by his followers (Sigerist 1941:540–1).

Ever since my recovery from the fever I had been in the custom of taking every night a small quantity of laudanum; for it was by means of this drug only that I was enabled to gain the rest necessary for the preservation of life.

1816 June – 1817 April/May (date written), [Mary Shelley], chapter 4, in Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus. […], volume III, London: […] [Macdonald and Son] for Lackington, Hughes, Harding, Mavor, & Jones, published 1 January 1818, →OCLC:

Whatever else was wanting to a wise man's happiness, —of laudanum I would have given him as much as he wished, and in a golden cup.

1821 September–October, [Thomas De Quincey], “[Part II.] Introduction to the Pains of Opium.”, in Confessions of an English Opium-Eater, 2nd edition, London: […] [J. Moyes] for Taylor and Hessey, […], published 1823, →OCLC, pages 129–130:

Whipping and abuse are like laudanum; you have to double the dose as the sensibilities decline.

1851 June – 1852 April, Harriet Beecher Stowe, chapter XX, in Uncle Tom’s Cabin; or, Life among the Lowly, volume (please specify |volume=I or II), Boston, Mass.: John P[unchard] Jewett & Company; Cleveland, Oh.: Jewett, Proctor & Worthington, published 20 March 1852, →OCLC:

At the time, Wilson writes, England was “marinated in opium, which was taken for everything from upset stomachs to sore heads.” It was swallowed in the form of pills or dissolved in alcohol to make laudanum, the tincture preferred by De Quincey.

2016 October 16, Dan Chiasson, “The Man Who Invented the Drug Memoir”, in The New Yorker:

In Sydenham’s 1683 treatise on the disease, for the sudden onset of violent symptoms he recommended laudanum — a tincture of opium and alcohol — to take the edge off the pain; […]

2020 November 13, Ligaya Mishan, “Once the Disease of Gluttonous Aristocrats, Gout Is Now Tormenting the Masses”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

(pharmacology) A tincture of opium, once widely used for various medical purposes and as a recreational drug.


mission

mission (countable and uncountable, plural missions)

Learned borrowing from Latin missiō, missiōnem (“a sending, sending away, dispatching, discharging, release, remission, cessation”).


plane

→ Irish: plána

From Latin plānum (“flat surface”), a noun use of the neuter of plānus (“plain”). The word was introduced in the 17th century to distinguish the geometrical senses from the other senses of plain. Doublet of llano, piano, and plain.

հարթություն

geometry: flat surface extending infinitely in all directions

(geometry) A flat surface extending infinitely in all directions (e.g. horizontal or vertical plane); a bounded portion thereof.

(anatomy) An imaginary plane which divides the body into two portions.


rash

Probably from Old French rasche, rache (“skin eruption, rash; (specifically) scabies, scurf”) (obsolete), from racher (“to scrape; to scratch”) (although this is only directly attested later than the noun), from Vulgar Latin *rāsicāre (“to scrape”), from Latin rāsus (“scraped, scratched; shaved”), the perfect passive participle of rādō (“to scrape, scratch; to shave; to rub, smooth; to brush along, graze”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *reh₁d- (“to scrape, scratch; to gnaw”). Doublet of rase and raze.
Cognates
* French rash, rach (“skin eruption, rash”) (rare) (borrowed from English rash)
* Italian rasca, raschia (“skin eruption like scabies”) (obsolete) (both borrowed from Old Occitan)
* Old Occitan rasca (“skin eruption like scabies”)

cog

He came out in a rash because of an allergy.

She applied rash cream on herself to reduce the irritation.

A wet cloth should help with the rash on your arm.

(dermatology, medicine) An area of inflamed and irritated skin characterized by reddened spots that may be filled with fluid or pus. Also, preceded by a descriptive word (rare or obsolete), an illness characterized by a type of rash.

طَفْح

area of inflamed and irritated skin characterized by reddened spots; illness characterized by a type of rash


consumption

en-noun

consumption (usually uncountable, plural consumptions)

From Middle English consumpcioun, from Old French consumpcion, from Latin cōnsūmptiō, from cōnsūmō + -tiō, from con- (“with, together”) + sūmō (“take; consume”). Equivalent to consume + -tion.

af

(pathology) The wasting away of the human body through disease.

úbytě

wasting-away of the human body through disease

And then as to your ſcurvys, and gouts, rheumatiſms, conſumptions, coughs and catarrhs, tar-vvater and turpentine vvill make you as ſound as a roach.

1763 June 20 (first performance), Samuel Foote, The Mayor of Garret. A Comedy, […], London: […] P[aul] Vaillant, […], published 1764, →OCLC, Act I, scene i, page 4:

Pulmonary tuberculosis
pulmonary tuberculosis

(pathology, dated) Pulmonary tuberculosis and other diseases that cause wasting away, lung infection, etc.


staff

en-noun

staff (countable and uncountable, plural staffs or staves or staff)

staffs (plural)
staves (plural)
staff (plural)

Token (railway signalling)#Staff and ticket

→ French: staff

→ Italian: staff

→ Japanese: スタッフ (sutaffu)

→ Korean: 스태프 (seutaepeu)

→ Malay: staf

desc

→ Portuguese: stafe, staff, estafe (Brazil)

→ Spanish: staff

From Middle English staf, from Old English stæf (“letter of the alphabet”), from Proto-West Germanic *stab, from Proto-Germanic *stabaz. Cognate with Dutch staf, German Stab, Swedish stav.
Sense of "group of military officers that assists a commander" and similar meanings, attested from 1702, is influenced by or is even from German Stab.

inh

(surgery) The grooved director for the gorget, or knife, used in cutting for stone in the bladder.


mania

en-noun

mania (countable and uncountable, plural manias)

Borrowed from Latin mania, from Ancient Greek μανία (manía, “madness”).

2004 March, G. E. Berrios, “Of Mania: introduction (Classic text no. 57)”, in History of Psychiatry, number 15, →DOI, →PMID, pages 105–124:

(psychiatry) The state of abnormally elevated or irritable mood, arousal, and/or energy levels.


navel

From Middle English navel, navele, from Old English nafola, from Proto-West Germanic *nabulō, from Proto-Germanic *nabalô (compare West Frisian nâle, Dutch navel, German Nabel), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃nóbʰōl (compare Old Irish imbliu, Latin umbilīcus, Ancient Greek ὀμφαλός (omphalós), Persian ناف (nâf), Sanskrit नाभि (nābhi)), diminutive of *h₃nobʰ-, equivalent to nave + -el (diminutive suffix)). Doublet of omphalos. More at nave.

(anatomy) The indentation or bump remaining in the abdomen of placental mammals where the umbilical cord was attached before birth.


switch

→ Gulf Arabic: سويچ (swīč)

→ German: Switch

Perhaps from Middle Dutch swijch (“twig”), first attested in c. 1592. The mechanical device for altering the direction of something sense is first attested in c. 1797, pertaining to pivoted rails on minecart railways, which were once wooden.

камута́тар

system allowing the interconnection of telephone lines

(genetics) A mechanism within DNA that activates or deactivates a gene.


android

en-adj

android (comparative more android, superlative most android)

more android (comparative)
most android (superlative)

From New Latin androides, from Ancient Greek ἀνδρός (andrós, genitive of ἀνήρ (anḗr, “man, human”)) + -ειδής (-eidḗs, itself from εἶδος (eîdos, “form, image, shape, appearance, look”)). Note the form ἀνδρώδης (andrṓdēs, “manly”) already existed in Ancient Greek. By surface analysis, andr- + -oid.

af

genitive of <i class="Polyt mention" lang="grc">ἀνήρ</i> (anḗr, “man, human”)

itself from <i class="Polyt mention" lang="grc">εἶδος</i> (eîdos, “form, image, shape, appearance, look”)

(anatomy, in pelvimetry) Of the pelvis, having a narrow anterior segment and a heart-shaped brim, typically found in the male.


acetabulum

en-noun

acetabulum (plural acetabulums or acetabula)

Learned borrowing from Latin acētābulum (“vinegar saucer, 1/48 congius”), from acētum (“vinegar”) + -bulum (“-bule: a vessel for”).

lbor

Holonyms: hip joint; hip bone < pelvis

Comeronyms: (counterpart in the hip joint) femoral head; (counterparts in the hip bone) ilium, ischium, pubis

(anatomy) The bony cup of the hip bone which receives the head of the femur.


acetanilide

en-noun

acetanilide (countable and uncountable, plural acetanilides)

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) the amide derived from acetic acid and aniline; once used medicinally as an analgesic and antipyretic


antifebrine

(pharmacology) A compound of aniline with acetyl, used to allay fever or pain.


mercurial

/məːˈkjʊə.ɹɪ.əl/

Noun sense 1 (“(obsolete) plant known as mercury”) is from Middle English mercurial, from Anglo-Norman mercurial and Old French mercurial, or directly from their etymon, from Mercurius (“the Roman god Mercury”) + -ālis (suffix forming adjectives of relationship from nouns).
Later adjective and noun uses may have been directly derived from Latin mercuriālis, whence Middle English mercurial (“under the astrological influence of the planet Mercury”).

ref

From the collection of the Wellcome Library in London, England, UK.

cog

She had paſſed through the milder Remedies frequently without ſucceſs: upon which account I deſigned Mercurialls; and beginning with Venæſection, afterwards purged her with decoct. epithymi, as it is preſcribed in the method of Cure. [...] After I had thus evacuated the Plethora, and diſpoſed her body for Mercurialls more operative, I gave her each morning and evening a few grains of Mercur. diaphoret. in a bolus with conſ. lujule and Mithridate, [...]

1676, Richard Wiseman, “Of Lepra, or Elephantiasis”, in Several Chirurgicall Treatises, London: Printed by E. Flesher and J[ohn] Macock, for R[ichard] Royston […], and B[enjamin] Took […], →OCLC, 1st book (A Treatise of Tumours), page 139:

[A] small dose of the mercurial may cause excessive salivation; and, if this discharge be attended by much soreness of throat, it is most difficult to determine whether the salivation is actually the result of the mercurial, or merely symptomatic of the sore throat and cold. If it proceed from the mercurial, there will generally be some tenderness of the gums, a soft and flabby state of the sides of the tongue, and it will generally be more obstinate.

1858, James Copland, “POISONS—Poisoning—Poisoned—Symptoms and Treatment of”, in A Dictionary of Practical Medicine. […] In Three Volumes, volume III, part I, London: Longman, Brown, Green, Longmans, & Roberts, →OCLC, paragraph 580, pages 413–414:

(pharmacology, historical) A preparation of mercury, especially as a treatment for syphilis.


mercurial

en-adj

mercurial (comparative more mercurial, superlative most mercurial)

more mercurial (comparative)
most mercurial (superlative)

/məːˈkjʊə.ɹɪ.əl/

I ſaw in the Year 1709. a notable inſtance, where a Phyſician order'd the Patient to be Bled five times in a Mercurial Salivation in a Caſe not Venereal; when he did ſpit at the rate of ℔ iv. per diem, and it was at the height, and yet notwithſtanding it did continue for all this, and the Patient eſcap'd with his Life.

1712, J. White, “Farther Indications of Right Blood-letting in Fevers, […]”, in De Recta Sanguinis Missione: Or, New and Exact Observations of Fevers. […], London: Printed by D[aniel] Brown[e] […], A[ndrew] Bell […], and W[illiam] Innys […], →OCLC, page 140:

The last exciting cause of the mercurial ulcer, which I shall now mention, is the use of the knife or of the caustic, during a mercurial course, to wounds made or enlarged at this time; for the great additional irritation, which the operation must produce, disposes such wounds to take on easily the mercurial disease.

1810, Andrew Mathias, “Section II. The Exciting Causes of the Mercurial Disease.”, in The Mercurial Disease. An Inquiry into the History and Nature of the Disease Produced in the Human Constitution by the Use of Mercury, with Observations on Its Connexion with the Lues Venerea, London: Printed for Becket and Porter, […]; John Murray, […]; and J[oseph] Johnson and Co., […], →OCLC, page 84:

(not comparable, medicine) Caused by the action of mercury or a mercury compound.


secrete

en-verb

secrete (third-person singular simple present secretes, present participle secreting, simple past and past participle secreted)

secretes (present singular third-person)
secreting (participle present)
secreted (participle past)
secreted (past)

First directly attested in 1728; attested as the past-participial adjective secreted in 1707: from Latin sēcrētus, perfect passive participle of sēcernō (“I separate”); reinforced by back-formation from secretion; compare secern; cognate with French sécréter and the Spanish secretar.

Why one set of cells should secrete bile, another urea, and so on, we do not know.

1842, William Benjamin Carpenter, Principles of Human Physiology:

Many tumors secrete two or more different hormones.

2008, Stephen J. McPheeMaxine A. Papadakiset al., Current Medical Diagnosis and Treatment, McGraw-Hill Medical, page 1202:

(physiology, transitive, of organs, glands, etc.) To extract a substance from blood, sap, or similar to produce and emit waste for excretion or for the fulfilling of a physiological function.


bang

bang (third-person singular simple present bangs, present participle banging, simple past and past participle banged)

bangs (present singular third-person)
banging (participle present)
banged (participle past)
banged (past)
bang (infinitive)

From Middle English *bangen, from Old English *bangian or borrowed from Old Norse banga (“to pound, hammer”); both from Proto-Germanic *bangōną (“to beat, pound”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰen- (“to beat, hit, injure”). Cognate with Scots bang, bung (“to strike, bang, hurl, thrash, offend”), Icelandic banga (“to pound, hammer”), Old Swedish bånga ("to hammer"; whence modern Swedish banka (“to knock, pound, bang”)), Danish banke (“to beat”), bengel (“club”), Low German bangen, bangeln (“to strike, beat”), West Frisian bingel, bongel, Dutch bengel (“bell; rascal”), German Bengel (“club”), bungen (“to throb, pulsate”).
In the sense of a fringe of hair, from bang off.
In the sense of abrupt left turn, from Boston left and associated risk of a crash.

gl

"to hammer"; whence modern Swedish <i class="Latn mention" lang="sv">banka</i> (“to knock, pound, bang”)

Audio (US)

Do you smoke meth? No, I bang it.

(transitive, slang, drugs) To inject intravenously.


large intestine

en-noun

large intestine (plural large intestines)

(anatomy) The second to last part of the digestive system, comprising the cecum, colon and rectum.

أَمْعَاء غَلِيظَة

ʔamʕāʔ ḡalīẓa


waist

→ Japanese: ウエスト (uesuto)

Inherited from Middle English wast (“waist”), probably from Old English *wæst, *wǣst, *weaxt, *wæhst, from Proto-West Germanic *wahstu, from Proto-Germanic *wahstuz (“growth, development, stature, build”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂weg-s- (“to multiply, increase”). Cognate with Middle English wacste (“growth, increase, might, power”), Middle High German wahst (“growth”), Danish vækst (“growth”), Swedish växt (“growth, development, size”), Icelandic vöxtur (“growth”), Gothic 𐍅𐌰𐌷𐍃𐍄𐌿𐍃 (wahstus, “growth”). Related to Old English weaxan (“to grow, increase”). More at wax.

cog

(anatomy) The part of the body between the pelvis and the stomach.


discharge

en-verb

discharge (third-person singular simple present discharges, present participle discharging, simple past and past participle discharged)

discharges (present singular third-person)
discharging (participle present)
discharged (participle past)
discharged (past)

/dɪsˈtʃɑːdʒ/

/ˈdɪstʃɑːdʒ/

/dɪsˈtʃɑɹdʒ/

/ˈdɪstʃɑɹdʒ/

-ɪstʃɑː(ɹ)dʒ

From Middle English dischargen, from Old French deschargier (“to unload”), from Late Latin discarricāre (“unload”). By surface analysis, dis- + charge.

To relieve of an office or employment; to send away from service; to dismiss.

(medicine) To release (an inpatient) from hospital.

изписвам

medicine: to release (an inpatient) from hospital


discharge

en-noun

discharge (countable and uncountable, plural discharges)

/dɪsˈtʃɑːdʒ/

/ˈdɪstʃɑːdʒ/

/dɪsˈtʃɑɹdʒ/

/ˈdɪstʃɑɹdʒ/

-ɪstʃɑː(ɹ)dʒ

care transition after discharge

(medicine) The act of releasing an inpatient from hospital.

изписване

(medicine, uncountable) Pus or exudate or mucus (but in modern usage not exclusively blood) from a wound or orifice, usually due to pathological or hormonal changes.


aspirin

aspirin (countable and uncountable, plural aspirins)

Genericized trademark of German Aspirin, from acetylierte Spirsäure (literally “acetylated spiraeic acid”). The trade name Aspirin is a registered trademark in some countries, but has entered the English language in generic usage, as various German trademarks were nullified in the United States after World War I (see also heroin).

acetylsalicylic acid
acetylsalicylic acid

(uncountable, organic chemistry, pharmacology) an analgesic drug, acetylsalicylic acid


amalgam

amalgam (countable and uncountable, plural amalgams)

From Medieval Latin amalgama (“mercury alloy”), from Arabic اَلْمَلْغَم (al-malḡam, “emollient poultice or unguent for sores”), from Ancient Greek μάλαγμα (málagma, “emollient; malleable material”), from μαλάσσω (malássō, “to soften”), from μαλακός (malakós, “soft”). Doublet of malagma. For the verb, compare French amalgamer.

der

(dentistry) An alloy of mercury used to fill tooth cavities.


operation

en-noun

operation (countable and uncountable, plural operations)

→ Japanese: オペレーション (operēshon)

→ Scottish Gaelic: opairèisean

/ˌɒp.əˈɹeɪ.ʃən/

/ˌɑ.pəˈɹeɪ.ʃən/

From Middle French operation, from Old French operacion, from Latin operātiō, from the verb operor (“I work”), from opus, operis (“work”). Equivalent to operate + -ion.

عَمَلِيَّة

procedure for generating a value from one or more other values

She had an operation to remove her appendix.

This done, ſhe performs the very ſame Operation on the other Side of the Cock's Body, and there takes out the other Stone; then ſhe ſtitches up the Wounds, and lets the Fowl go about as at other Times, till the Capon is fatted in a Coup, which is commonly done from Chriſtmas to Candlemas, and after.

1750, W[illiam] Ellis, The Country Housewife's Family Companion […] , London: James Hodges; B. Collins, →OCLC, page 157:


aphasia

aphasia (countable and uncountable, plural aphasias)

From French aphasie, from Ancient Greek ἀφασία (aphasía), from ἄφατος (áphatos, “speechless”), from ἀ- (a-, “not”) + φάσις (phásis, “speech”). Equivalent to a- + -phasia.

The very disease aphasia is to most of us a new one; and we venture to say that even yet no one can give a satisfactory definition of Trousseau's new term.

1865, “Discussions upon Aphasia”, in Medical and Surgical Reporter, volume 8, page 197:

Of one form of aphasia we have an accurate description by Van Swieten, in his chapter on apoplexia:―"Vidi plures, qui ab apoplexiâ curati omnibus functionibus cerebri recte valebant, nisi quod deesset, hoc unicum, quod non possent vera rebus designandis vocabula invenire."

1865, J. T. Banks, “On the Loss of Language in Cerebral Disease”, in Dublin quarterly journal of medical science, volume 39, page 63:

The Doctor came over in three minutes, and heard the story. ‘It's aphasia,’ he said.

1888, Rudyard Kipling, “The Conversion of Aurelian McGoggin”, in Plain Tales from the Hills, Folio, published 2005, page 76:

Bruce Willis, the prolific action-movie star, has been diagnosed with aphasia — a disorder that affects the brain’s language center and a person’s ability to understand or express speech — and will step away from acting, his ex-wife, Demi Moore, announced in an Instagram post on Wednesday.

2022 March 30, Maya Salam, “Bruce Willis Has Aphasia and Is ‘Stepping Away’ From His Career”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

(pathology) A partial or total loss of language skills due to brain damage. Usually, damage to the left perisylvian region, including Broca's area and Wernicke's area, causes aphasia.


phalanx

Borrowed from Latin phalanx or Ancient Greek φάλαγξ (phálanx, “battle order, array”). Doublet of phalange, planch, plancha, planche, and plank.

doublet

(anatomy, plural phalanges) One of the bones of the finger or toe.


calculus

en-noun

calculus (countable and uncountable, plural calculi or calculuses)

* Borrowed from Latin calculus (“a pebble or stone used as reckoning counters in abacus”), diminutive of calx (“limestone”) + -ulus.
* Mathematical topic is from differential calculus.

bor

Commonly indicated for treatment of sour crop (Fig. 11-11, A), an ingluviotomy is done to retrieve crop calculi, ingluvioliths, or foreign bodies (which are not accessible per os) or to retrieve proventricular or ventricular foreign bodies (using micromagnets [glued in place within plastic tubes], lavage, or endoscopy) and for the placement of an ingluviotomy or proventriculotomy tube or the collection of crop wall biopsies.

2015, Jaime Samour, Avian Medicine, page 297:

(countable, medicine) A stony concretion that forms in a bodily organ.

(uncountable, dentistry) Deposits of calcium phosphate salts on teeth.


algebra

en-noun

algebra (countable and uncountable, plural algebras)

/ˈæl.d͡ʒɪ.bɹə/

/ˈæl.d͡ʒə.bɹə/

Borrowed from Medieval Latin algebra, from the Arabic word الْجَبْر (al-jabr, “reunion, resetting of broken parts”) in the title of al-Khwarizmi's influential work الْكِتَاب الْمُخْتَصَر فِي حِسَاب الْجَبْر وَالْمُقَابَلَة (al-kitāb al-muḵtaṣar fī ḥisāb al-jabr wa-l-muqābala, “The Compendious Book on Calculation by Completion and Balancing”).

Ne take noon hede to brynge togidere þe parties of þe boon þat is to-broken or dislocate, til viij. daies ben goon in þe wyntir, & v. in þe somer; for þanne it schal make quytture, and be sikir from swellynge; & þanne brynge togidere þe brynkis eiþer þe disiuncture after þe techynge þat schal be seid in þe chapitle of algebra.

a1420, The British Museum Additional MS, 12,056, “Wounds complicated by the Dislocation of a Bone”, in Robert von Fleischhacker, editor, Lanfranc's "Science of cirurgie.", London: K. Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co, translation of original by Lanfranc of Milan, published 1894, →ISBN, page 63:

Algebra is used today by surgeons to mean bone-setting, i.e. the restoration of bones, and the idea of restoration is present in the mathematical context, too.

1987, John Newsome Crossley, “Latency”, in The emergence of number, Singapore: World Scientific, →ISBN, Al-Khwarizwi, page 65:

(uncountable, medicine, historical, rare) The surgical treatment of a dislocated or fractured bone. Also (countable): a dislocation or fracture.


torus

Borrowed from Latin torus (“a round, swelling, elevation, protuberance”).

bor

(anatomy) A rounded ridge of bone or muscle, especially one on the occipital bone.


vector

Learned borrowing from Latin vector (“carrier, transporter”), from vehō (“I carry, I transport, I bear”), also ultimately the root of English vehicle.
The “person or entity that passes along an urban legend or other meme” sense derives from the disease sense.
The mathematics sense was coined by Irish mathematician and astronomer William Rowan Hamilton in 1846.

coin

(epidemiology) A carrier of a disease-causing agent.


plastic

en-adj

plastic (comparative more plastic, superlative most plastic)

more plastic (comparative)
most plastic (superlative)

From Latin plasticus (“of molding”), from Ancient Greek πλαστικός (plastikós), from πλάσσω (plássō, “to mold, form”). Doublet of plastique.