urolithiasis

urolithiasis (countable and uncountable, plural urolithiases)

From international scientific vocabulary, using New Latin combining forms, from uro- + lithiasis = urolith + -iasis = uro- + lith + -iasis.

(biology, medicine) Formation of, and thus also presence of, calculi in the urinary tract.

nephrolithiasis

sensu stricto, coordinate, but in practice any stone passed in the urine may be called a kidney stone, as the locus of its formation may not yet be known; and thus many mentions of urolithiasis and nephrolithiasis are loosely synonymous, which is to say, not precisely differentiated


nephrolithiasis

From international scientific vocabulary, using New Latin combining forms, from nephro- + lithiasis = nephrolith + -iasis = nephro- + lith + -iasis.

(biology, medicine) Formation of, and thus also presence of, calculi in the kidneys (kidney stones).


nephrolith

(biology, medicine) Synonym of kidney stone


urethritis

en-noun

urethritis (usually uncountable, plural urethritides or urethrites)

urethritides (plural)
urethrites (plural)

STI
sexually transmitted infection#English

(pathology) Inflammation of the urethra, a finding possible in many diseases (e.g., STI and non-STI, including UTI) but often in gonorrhea and chlamydia.


edentation

(pathology) The condition of being deprived of one or more teeth.


caudectomy

(surgery) The surgical removal of all or part of an animal's tail.


pleural cavity

pleural cavity (plural pleural cavities)

(anatomy) The part of the thoracic cavity that surrounds the lungs and is enclosed by the pleurae.


allozyme

Near-synonyms: isoenzyme, isozyme

[…] suggesting the two are different stages of the same species. The identity of the two species is further suggested by allozyme analysis […]

1997, “Hydrothermal Vent Fauna”, in Advances in Marine Biology: The Biogeography of the Oceans, page 111:

(genetics, biochemistry) Either form of an enzyme specified by an allelic gene.

allozima

either form of an enzyme specified by an allelic gene


anteroposterior

anteroposterior movement

[…] also effects the fore-aft (anteroposterior) wing motions known as promotion and remotion.

2002, Robert Dudley, The Biomechanics of Insect Flight: Form, Function, Evolution, →ISBN, page 43:

(anatomy) Anterior to posterior; front-to-back.

the anteroposterior axis

(anatomy) Of or pertaining to the relation between anterior and posterior.


Gorlin's syndrome

Gorlin's syndrome (plural Gorlin's syndromes)

nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome
nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome

focal dermal hypoplasia
focal dermal hypoplasia

(medicine) Either of nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome and focal dermal hypoplasia.


dystaxia

(pathology, rare) a milder or weaker form of ataxia


ventralize

en-verb

ventralize (third-person singular simple present ventralizes, present participle ventralizing, simple past and past participle ventralized)

ventralizes (present singular third-person)
ventralizing (participle present)
ventralized (participle past)
ventralized (past)

Of the six known genes, five follow a ventrodorsal gradient or have a ventralizing effect and one (Z/C2) is a dorsalizing agent.

2006, John H. Menkes et al., “Malformations of the Central Nervous System”, in John H. Menkes et al., editors, Child Neurology, 7th edition, →ISBN, page 307:

(anatomy, embryology) To concentrate in the ventral area


pyramidal neuron

en-noun

pyramidal neuron (plural pyramidal neurons)

(anatomy) Any large, triangular-shaped neuron in the cerebral cortex that transmit impulses to voluntary muscles


Rett syndrome

(medicine) An inherited, neurological disease of (mostly female) children characterized by a small head and repetitive hand movements.

síndrome de Rett

inherited disease of children characterized by a small head and repetitive hand movements


ryanodine

ryanodine (countable and uncountable, plural ryanodines)

(biochemistry, physiology) A poisonous alkaloid which occurs in the stems of the tropical American shrub Ryania speciosa (family Flacourtiaceae) and has been used as an insecticide and in experimental studies of calcium release within cells.


end-feet

(anatomy) Button-like terminals of axons that make synaptic connections with other nerve-cells.


heterophoria

heterophoria (countable and uncountable, plural heterophorias)

By surface analysis, hetero- + -phore + -ia; from Ancient Greek ἕτερος (héteros, “other, another, different”) + -φορία (-phoría), from φέρειν (phérein, “to bear”).

uder

(pathology) Latent strabismus, which occurs only during dissociation of the left eye and right eye, whereby fusion of the eyes is absent


cerumenolytic

(pharmacology) A chemical that softens or removes cerumen (earwax).


cerumenolytic

en-adj

cerumenolytic (comparative more cerumenolytic, superlative most cerumenolytic)

more cerumenolytic (comparative)
most cerumenolytic (superlative)

(pharmacology) Of or relating to cerumenolysis, the process of softening cerumen (earwax) for removal.


cerumenolysis

(medicine) The process of softening cerumen (earwax) for removal.


ear candling

alternative medicine
alternative medicine

(alternative medicine) An alternative medicine practice supposed to assist the natural clearing of earwax from a person's ear, involving lighting one end of a hollow candle and placing the other end in the ear canal.


reproductive medicine

(medicine) The area of medical specialization concerned with aiding fertility and reproduction.


replisome

(genetics) A matrix of enzymes that is the site of DNA replication in the nucleus of a cell.


biocontainment

(genetics) The modification of an organism's genetic material in order to restrict its ability to reproduce outside of a laboratory.


stereotaxy

en-noun

stereotaxy (countable and uncountable, plural stereotaxies)

(medicine) Stereotaxic surgery: surgery that uses a three-dimensional coordinate system to locate small targets inside the body.


desaturate

en-verb

desaturate (third-person singular simple present desaturates, present participle desaturating, simple past and past participle desaturated)

desaturates (present singular third-person)
desaturating (participle present)
desaturated (participle past)
desaturated (past)

"It's all pressure on the heart. Oxygen levels are desaturating, that's not good for the body and the biggest link for untreated sleep apnoea would be heart attacks, strokes and driving accidents," she said.

2022 May 27, “Hull charity's fears over energy cost impact on breathing machines”, in BBC News:

(intransitive) To become less saturated or unsaturated.

(medicine) Of the oxygen saturation level in one's hemoglobin: to decrease, to drop.

After Ida left, Susan deteriorated. The next day, the hospital called to say she kept removing her oxygen mask. “Patient desaturates to 82% without mask, however if held then oxygen improves,” her notes say.

2022 July 10, Shanti Das, “‘They gave her a bed to die in’: family of woman with Down’s Syndrome denied intensive care seek answers from Covid-19 inquiry”, in The Guardian:

(medicine, of a person) To undergo a decrease in the oxygen saturation level in the hemoglobin.


splenocyte

(biology, immunology) A type of monocyte characteristically found in spleen tissue


coexpress

coexpress (third-person singular simple present coexpresses, present participle coexpressing, simple past and past participle coexpressed)

coexpresses (present singular third-person)
coexpressing (participle present)
coexpressed (participle past)
coexpressed (past)

(genetics) To express together with another gene


fibrosarcoma

en-noun

fibrosarcoma (plural fibrosarcomas or fibrosarcomata)

fibrosarcomas (plural)
fibrosarcomata (plural)

(oncology) A fibroblastic sarcoma: a malignant tumor derived from fibrous connective tissue


obstetrically

an obstetrically normal patient


gastrulation

From German Gastrulation, coined by Ernst Haeckel in his 1872 work "Biology of Calcareous Sponges" (see also gastrula).

The study of comparative embryology, nevertheless, would lead us to expect to find this germ layer arising by a process of gastrulation.

1909, John Thomas Patterson, Gastrulation in the Pigeon's Egg, University of Chicago, page 66:

1929, Proceedings of the South Dakota Academy of Sciences, Volumes 13-19, South Dakota Academy of Science, page 52,
In the instances described by various observers and in the quadruple one described herein, these gastrulations no doubt began at different times, since the embryos are of different sizes.

2020, Konner M. Winkley, et al., 8: Tunicate Gastrulation, Lilianna Solnica-Krezel (editor), Gastrulation, Elsevier (Academic Press), page 227,
Pharmacological inhibition of RhoA at later steps of gastrulation causes the apical constrictions to relax, indicating a persistent requirement for this pathway.

(embryology, biology) The stage of embryo development at which a gastrula is formed from the blastula by the inward migration of cells.


hypoblast

(embryology) A type of tissue that forms from the inner cell mass and later is incorporated into the endoderm


superoinferior

superoinferior motion

(medicine) From superior to inferior; from upper to lower within the body

the superoinferior midpoint

(anatomy) Pertaining to the vertical axis of the body, or a plane perpendicular to it


metallophilic

the metallophilic cytoplasm


mesendoderm

(embryology) An embryonic tissue layer which differentiates into mesoderm and endoderm


ischiopubic

(medicine) Of or pertaining to the ischium and pubis.

isquiopubiano

of or pertaining to the ischium and pubis


introgression

(genetics) The movement of a gene from one species to another.


nonimmune

a nonimmune patient

a nonimmune response

(medicine) Unrelated to the immune system


neurogenetic

(medicine) Of or pertaining to neurogenetics, the study of the genetic basis of nerve and brain function


nontemplate

a nontemplate strand

nontemplate bases

(genetics) Not functioning as a template in DNA replication


postcapillary

(medicine) To the venous side of a capillary


postcapillary

(medicine) A venule immediately to the venous side of a capillary


adenoviral

en-adj

adenoviral (comparative more adenoviral, superlative most adenoviral)

more adenoviral (comparative)
most adenoviral (superlative)

From adeno- + viral or adenovirus + -al.

(medicine) Of, pertaining to, or caused by an adenovirus


gabapentin

gamma-aminobutyric acid
gamma-aminobutyric acid

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) An anticonvulsant drug C₉H₁₇NO₂ structurally related to gamma-aminobutyric acid that is administered orally as adjunctive therapy in the treatment of partial seizures.


confusional

confusional (comparative more confusional, superlative most confusional)

more confusional (comparative)
most confusional (superlative)

The person suffering from a confusional state is not sleeping.

Aggressive behavior, for instance, is quite common in a confusional state but is often transient and quickly resolves as confusion clears.

1994, David C Good, James R Couch, Handbook of Neurorehabilitation:


splanchnic

From New Latin splanchnicus, from Ancient Greek σπλαγχνικός (splankhnikós), from σπλάγχνα (splánkhna, “viscera”) + -ικός (-ikós, “-ic”).

der

(medicine) Of, in, near or pertaining to the viscera or intestines.

висцера́льный

special order in interrogative sentences


bicistronic

bicistronic transcription

(genetics) Having or involving two cistrons, loci responsible for generating a protein


perineural

a perineural injection

The histological diagnosis of PC is currently restricted to lesions showing unequivocal extra-parathyroidal growth, as evidenced by perineural invasion, full thickness capsular invasion with growth into adjacent tissues, extratumoral vascular invasion, or metastasis.

2015 September 8, Filomena Cetani et al., “A nonfunctioning parathyroid carcinoma misdiagnosed as a follicular thyroid nodule”, in World Journal of Surgical Oncology, volume 13, →DOI:


paraxial

paraxial mesoderm

(embryology) Lateral to the neural tube.


denervation

en-noun

denervation (countable and uncountable, plural denervations)

selective denervation of muscle

(medicine) The removal or blocking of a nerve connection to tissue, such as by surgical or chemical means.


hypersecretion

hypersecretion (countable and uncountable, plural hypersecretions)


insulinemia

(medicine) An abnormally high level of insulin in the blood

insulinémie

any abnormally high level of insulin in the blood


interorgan

interorgan relationships


intraneural

an intraneural injection

an intraneural cyst


isofemale

an isofemale strain

(genetics) Originating from a single wild female


neuropathological

neuropathological findings

a neuropathological symptom

(medicine) Of, pertaining to, or arising from neuropathology, the pathology of nerve tissue


monotherapy

(medicine) A therapy which is administered by itself


allopolyploid

en-adj

allopolyploid (comparative more allopolyploid, superlative most allopolyploid)

more allopolyploid (comparative)
most allopolyploid (superlative)

(genetics) Having multiple complete sets of chromosomes derived from different species


allotetraploid

(genetics) Having four sets of chromosomes derived from different species


amphidiploid

(genetics) Having a diploid set of chromosomes from each of its parents


PWID

(medicine) Initialism of people who inject drugs.


ear candle

(alternative medicine) A hollow candle used in certain alternative medicine practices to assist the natural clearing of earwax.


deinstitutionalization

en-noun

deinstitutionalization (usually uncountable, plural deinstitutionalizations)

By the 1970s, calls for deinstitutionalization had grown strong enough to yield systemic changes.

intellectually disabled
intellectually disabled

(health care, psychiatry) The process of converting daily care for intellectually disabled people and mental health care for psychiatric patients from an institution-based model (focused largely on sequestering them in mental hospitals) to a community-based model (in which they live in small group homes or private residences to the greatest feasible extent).


upgoing

From up- + going. Cf. Old English upgang (“upgoing”).

upgoing movement of the toes


thymopoiesis

(medicine) The production of thymocytes, which later become T cells


thermosensation

(neurology) The sensory perception of thermal stimuli


adenomatosis

(pathology) A form of cancer characterized by multiple adenomas within an organ or system


antifibrotic

an antifibrotic treatment

(pharmacology) Acting to inhibit or reduce fibrosis


antifibrotic

An antifibrotic was administered.

(pharmacology) A drug that inhibits or reduces fibrosis

antifibrótico

a drug that inhibits or reduces fibrosis


atrophic

/ˈæt͡ʃɹəfɪk/

(medicine) Of, pertaining to, or arising from atrophy


comedogen

(dermatology) A substance that exacerbates or induces acne.


sublimated

en-adj

sublimated (comparative more sublimated, superlative most sublimated)

more sublimated (comparative)
most sublimated (superlative)

(psychoanalysis) Modified from the natural expression of a sexual or primitive instinct into a socially acceptable manner.


cellularity

en-noun

cellularity (countable and uncountable, plural cellularities)

Microscopically, there are cartilaginous cells with increased cellularity and pleomorphism in comparison to benign tumors.

1994, Stanley Hoppenfeld, Michael S. Zeide, “Chondrosarcoma”, in Orthopaedic Dictionary, →ISBN, page 61:

(medicine) The number and type of cells in a given tissue


chemosensation

chemosensation (countable and uncountable, plural chemosensations)

(neurology) The sensing of chemical stimuli


reexpress

en-verb

reexpress (third-person singular simple present reexpresses, present participle reexpressing, simple past and past participle reexpressed)

reexpresses (present singular third-person)
reexpressing (participle present)
reexpressed (participle past)
reexpressed (past)

The protein was not reexpressed after the treatment


dorsomedial

en-adj

dorsomedial (comparative more dorsomedial, superlative most dorsomedial)

more dorsomedial (comparative)
most dorsomedial (superlative)

a dorsomedial incision

(medicine) Both dorsal and medial in location; thus, central and toward the back


hypersusceptible

hypersusceptible (comparative more hypersusceptible, superlative most hypersusceptible)

more hypersusceptible (comparative)
most hypersusceptible (superlative)

Animals injected, as described above, may be rendered hypersusceptible to all bacterial proteins.

1921, Charles Edward Marshall, Microbiology, page 685:

(medicine) Extremely susceptible; having an elevated susceptibility


immunolocalize

en-verb

immunolocalize (third-person singular simple present immunolocalizes, present participle immunolocalizing, simple past and past participle immunolocalized)

immunolocalizes (present singular third-person)
immunolocalizing (participle present)
immunolocalized (participle past)
immunolocalized (past)

centromeres were immunolocalized by centromere-specific antisera, and visualized by FITC-conjugated human IgGs (green).

2000, Mizuki Ohno et al., “Non-B DNA Structures”, in Chromosomes Toda, Volume 13, →ISBN, page 63:

(medicine) To use immunological techniques to determine where particular structures or molecules are located within a cell.


immunoablation

Total immunoablation is extremely dangerous.

(medicine) Destruction of patient immune resistance for a medical purpose, such as to prepare for an organ transplant


immunohistochemical

2015 January 7, “An immunohistochemical study of CD83- and CD1a-positive dendritic cells in the decidua of women with recurrent spontaneous abortion”, in European Journal of Medical Research, archived from the original on 2022-12-02:

(immunology, histology) Of, pertaining to, or by means of immunohistochemistry, the use of immunological techniques to study the chemistry of tissues.


immunohistochemical

(immunology, histology) Any immunological histochemical


intercross

intercross (third-person singular simple present intercrosses, present participle intercrossing, simple past and past participle intercrossed)

intercrosses (present singular third-person)
intercrossing (participle present)
intercrossed (participle past)
intercrossed (past)

A species varies occasionally in two directions, but owing to their free intercrossing they (the variations) never increase.

1916, Alfred Russel Wallace, Letters and Reminiscences, Vol. 1:

(biology, genetics) To breed two strains having a common ancestry with one another


intercross

Intercrosses are particularly useful with recessive mutations maintained in a small colony.

2000, Xavier Montagutelli, “Determining the Genetic Basis of a New Trait”, in Sundberg & Boggess, editors, Systematic Approach to Evaluation of Mouse Mutations, →ISBN, page 20:

(biology, genetics) The act or product of intercrossing


intercrossing

(genetics) The interbreeding of two strains that have a common ancestry


karyotypically

a karyotypically normal cell line


maternoembryonic

the maternoembryonic interface

(medicine) Existing between a pregnant mother and the embryo


megakaryoblastic

a megakaryoblastic leukemia

(cytology) Of or pertaining to a megakaryoblast


megakaryoblast

(cytology) A precursor cell in hematopoiesis which gives rise to the promegakaryocyte, which in turn gives rise to the megakaryocyte.


melastatin

(genetics, oncology) A gene expressed in melanocytes and involved in nevomelanocytic development; down-regulated in cases of melanoma


chorioallantois

chorioallantoic membrane
chorioallantoic membrane

(anatomy) The vascular extraembryonic membrane, formed by the fusion of the allantois and the chorion, that makes up the placenta in most mammals; the chorioallantoic membrane


multicenter

A multicenter study was carried out.

(medicine) Describing a trial (of a drug or procedure) that is held at more than one clinic or research center.


neomycin

en-noun

neomycin (countable and uncountable, plural neomycins)

From neo- + -mycin (“antibiotic derived from Streptomyces”).

af

The bowel is prepared preoperatively with neomycin and sulfathalidine. A wide transverse lower abdominal incision is used.

1954 February 15, Oswald S. Lowsley, Thomas H. Johnson, Antonio E. Rueda, “Operation for Urinary Diversion”, in Modern Medicine, volume 22, number 4, Minneapolis, Minn.: Modern Medicine Publications, Inc., page 89:

Streptomyces fradiae
Streptomyces fradiae#Translingual

(biochemistry, pharmacology) A broad-spectrum aminoglycoside antibiotic related to streptomycin that is produced by a streptomyces (Streptomyces fradiae) and used medically especially to treat local infections.


phagocytose

en-verb

phagocytose (third-person singular simple present phagocytoses, present participle phagocytosing, simple past and past participle phagocytosed)

phagocytoses (present singular third-person)
phagocytosing (participle present)
phagocytosed (participle past)
phagocytosed (past)

(immunology, cytology) To phagocytize; to ingest by phagocytosis.


cavoatrial junction

en-noun

cavoatrial junction (plural cavoatrial junctions)

(anatomy) The point at which the superior vena cava meets and melds into the cardiac right atrium.


nondisjunction

Different exogenous agents may interfere with the normal disjunction of sister chromosomes during meiosis and increase the frequency of aneuploid sperm, as demonstrated in mice treated with aneugens and men treated with anticancer agents. Although not all germ cells achieve maturity, the close correlation of chromosome nondisjunction in spermatogenesis with genotoxic outcomes indicates that the investigation for aneuploidy in a large sample of aneugen-exposed workers is significant.

2004 December 22, Yankai Xia, Senping Cheng, Qian Bian, Lichun Xu, Michael D. Collins, Hebron C. Chang, Lin Song, Jiayin Liu, Shoulin Wang, Xinru Wang, “Genotoxic Effects on Spermatozoa of Carbaryl-Exposed Workers”, in Toxicological Sciences, volume 85, number 1, archived from the original on 2022-12-24:

(genetics) The failure of chromosome dyads or tetrads to separate properly during meiosis or mitosis.


osmosensation

(nematology, neurology) The sensory perception of osmotic pressure


osmosensitivity

osmosensitivity (usually uncountable, plural osmosensitivities)

The mutant strain exhibited reduced osmosensitivity.

(nematology, neurology) An organism's degree of sensitivity to osmotic gradients


Electra complex

Electra complex (plural Electra complexes)

With reference to Electra of Greek mythology, who killed her mother.

(psychoanalysis) The theory that a female's psychological development involves a sexual attachment to the father and jealousy of the mother.


penetrance

penetrance (countable and uncountable, plural penetrances)

(genetics) The proportion of individuals carrying a particular variation of a gene that also express an associated trait


perinucleolar

the perinucleolar chromatin

(cytology) Of or pertaining to the area within the nucleus and near the nucleolus


perisynaptic

the perisynaptic glial sheath


postinfection

14 days postinfection the control cell culture exhibited many inclusions that were arranged in clusters of 5 to 10 neighbouring cells.

1990, A. Clad et al., “Genital Isolates of Chlamydia trachomatis Survive 12 day Antibiotic Treatment in Vitro Due to Delayed Cell Lysis”, in William Robert Bowie, editor, Chlamydial Infections, →ISBN, page 524:


postinfection

Neurosurgeons must always be aware of the other causes of myelopathy. These conditions include parainfections or postinfections, systemic autoimmune disease, paraneoplastic syndromes[…]

2009, Remi Nader, Abdulrahman J. Sabbagh, Neurosurgery Case Review: Questions and Answers:

(medicine) An infection that arises after a medical procedure.


preharvested

Stem cells from bone marrow that can give rise to new immune cells are taken out from a patient, and then physicians use drugs to purposely obliterate the patient's entire immune system, a strategy called immunoablation. After that, the preharvested stem cells are infused back into the patient, where they can create fresh bone marrow and, it is hoped, a new functioning immune system.

2008 October 31, Lauren Cahoon, “More Than Skin Deep”, in Science, volume 322, number 5902:


proteoliposome

The loading of proteins into a proteoliposome is accomplished by adding the chemicals to the buffer at the time the protein is added.

2005, Larry Barton, Structural and Functional Relationships in Prokaryotes, page 76:

(medicine, biochemistry) A liposome into which one or more proteins have been inserted, usually by artificial means


separatory

(obsolete, surgery) A surgical instrument for separating the pericranium from the cranium.


antiwrinkle

I had brushed my teeth, showered, dressed in comfy pajamas, and applied a liberal amount of antiwrinkle cream […]

2005, Gracie Malone, Carol Kent, Kisses of Sunshine for Grandmas:


anaerobicidal

The 5-nitroimidazole molecules are very potent anaerobicidal agents commonly used to treat or prevent Bacteroides infections.

2002, Lee-Jene Teng et al., “High Incidence of Cefoxitin and Clindamycin Resistance among Anaerobes in Taiwan”, in Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, volume 46, number 9:

(medicine) Acting to kill anaerobic bacteria


anaerobicide

(medicine) A drug which kills anaerobic bacteria


VF

Coordinate term: VT

ventricular fibrillation
ventricular fibrillation#English

(cardiology) Initialism of ventricular fibrillation.


coactivation

coactivation (countable and uncountable, plural coactivations)

(genetics) A process wherein RNA transcription is increased by a coactivator protein.

(medicine) The activation of one muscle coordinately with another.


adnexa

adnexa pl (normally plural, singular adnexum)

(anatomy) The appendages of an organ, such as the Fallopian tubes of the uterus.


dexamethasone

dexamethasone (countable and uncountable, plural dexamethasones)

From dex- + -a- + -methasone (“prednisone or prednisolone derivative”).

af

Many dexamethasones act as anti-inflammatory agents.

Lee showed her how to feed the baby with the dexamethasone syrup.

2019, Namwali Serpell, The Old Drift, Hogarth, page 245:

Dexamethasone, a widely available and affordable generic steroid, was shown to cut the risk of death by a third for Covid patients on ventilators, and by nearly a fifth for those on oxygen therapy.

2021 March 23, Natalie Grover, Denis Campbell, “Dexamethasone hailed as lifesaver for up to a million Covid patients worldwide”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:

(pharmacology, biochemistry) A synthetic member of the glucocorticoid-class of steroid hormones, having the chemical formula C₂₂H₂₉FO₅, and used especially as an anti-inflammatory agent.


sinoatrial

sinoatrial block; sinoatrial node

(anatomy, medicine) Relating to the venous sinus and the right atrium of the heart.

sinu-atrial

relating to the venous sinus and right atrium


dysgenesis

en-noun

dysgenesis (countable and uncountable, plural dysgeneses)

Down Syndrome (Mongolism) Described first in 1866 by Langdon Down, this is the best known of the chromosomal dysgeneses.

1989, Raymond Adams, Maurice Victor, Principles of Neurology, →ISBN, page 980:


glucometer

(medicine) A glucose meter, a device for measuring the concentration of glucose in the blood


transgenesis

transgenesis (countable and uncountable, plural transgeneses)

(genetics) The process of introducing an exogenous gene into a living organism


transvection

transvection (countable and uncountable, plural transvections)

From transvect + -ion. Coined in the genetic sense by Edward B. Lewis in 1954.

Transvection effects include both activation and silencing.

(genetics) An epigenetic interaction between an allele on one chromosome and the corresponding allele on the homologous chromosome


hematoxylin

hematoxylin (countable and uncountable, plural hematoxylins)

From Haematoxylum (“genus of the logwood tree”) + -in.

Histology sections were cut at 5–6 µm on a rotary microtome, mounted on glass slides, and stained with Harris’s haematoxylin and eosin in a Stainomatic specimen stainer.

1995 December 23, N. Jaax et al., “Transmission of Ebola virus (Zaire strain) to uninfected control monkeys in a biocontainment laboratory”, in The Lancet, volume 346, number 8991, →PMID, page 1669:

The stains used were hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), Masson's trichrome, and Verhoeff's stain. Sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin have nuclei that were stained blue, cartilage and calcium deposits stained dark blue, cytoplasm and other constituents stained shades of red, and blood stained bright red.

2001, Laura E. Edsberg, Joseph R. Natiella, JoAnn Earle, “Microstructural characteristics of human skin subjected to static versus cyclic pressures”, in Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development, volume 38, number 5:

For overall morphology, sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) to measure mean fiber area.

2011, Colleen A. McMullen et al., “Chronic Stimulation-Induced Changes in the Rodent Thyroarytenoid Muscle”, in Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing Research, volume 54, number 3:

(medicine, organic chemistry) A phenolic compound having the chemical formula C₁₆H₁₄O₆, used (most often in conjunction with eosin) to make dye for staining tissue samples; extracted from the heart of the bloodwood tree, Haematoxylum campechianum.


isoniazid

isoniazid (countable and uncountable, plural isoniazids)

(pharmacology) A synthetic, crystalline compound, C₆H₇N₃O, (trademarks Hydra, Hyzyd, Isovit, Laniazid, Nydrazid, Rimifon, Stanozide) used as a bacteriostatic medication in the prevention and treatment of tuberculosis.


puromycin

puromycin (countable and uncountable, plural puromycins)

(pharmacology) An antibiotic that is a strong inhibitor of protein translation.


prodrug

/ˈpɹəʊ.dɹʌɡ/

/ˈpɹoʊ.dɹʌɡ/

(pharmacology) A drug that is administered in an inactive form that is metabolised in the body into a biologically active compound.


hypoinsulinemia

(medicine) An abnormally low level of insulin in the blood


subclone

During this process it is possible that additional mutations occur in one of the transformed cells, which then may result in a subclone of cells with a more aggressive behavior.

1997, Vinken & Bruyn, editors, Handbook of Clinical Neurology: Neuro-Oncology, →ISBN, page 17:

(genetics) A clone or descendant of a mutant occurring in a previous clone

While Shelly was away from the lab, Rene decided that it would be easier to divide the lengthy segment into smaller pieces, or subclones, and to insert each fraction into plasmids, little circles of DNA and protein.

1999, Natalie Angier, Natural Obsessions, →ISBN, page 192:

(genetics, molecular biology) A partial segment of DNA, cloven from a previously-cloned segment, which is then cloned into another vector


subclone

en-verb

subclone (third-person singular simple present subclones, present participle subcloning, simple past and past participle subcloned)

subclones (present singular third-person)
subcloning (participle present)
subcloned (participle past)
subcloned (past)

(1) from the genomic library a clone of interest is selected and a small fragment is subcloned from one end of the clone

2002, Gurbichan S. Miglani, Advanced Genetics, →ISBN, page 84:

(genetics) To reclone part of a previously-cloned DNA segment into a new vector


interchromosomal

an interchromosomal insertion

(genetics) Occurring between chromosomes, or from one chromosome to another


intrachromosomal

intrachromosomal recombination

(genetics) Occurring within a chromosome


micropsia

en-noun

micropsia (countable and uncountable, plural micropsias)

From Ancient Greek μικροψία (mikropsía), from μικρός (mikrós, “little, small”) + ὄψις (ópsis, “view”).

(pathology) A disorder in which objects appear much smaller than normal, most often the result of a neurological dysfunction.


prediagnosis

the prediagnosis stage of dealing with cancer


prediagnosis

The prediagnosis of disease through the use of mass biochemical screening techniques utilizes systems of analysis in which we have considerable experience.

1965, Instrument Society of America, Advances in Instrumentation, page xxiii:

(medicine) A preliminary diagnosis, particularly one made before the occurrence of symptoms


posttranslationally

The conversion occurred posttranslationally.


bundle of His

Named for Swiss cardiologist Wilhelm His, Jr., who discovered the function of these cells in 1893.

(medicine, cardiology) Specialized heart muscle cells that transmit electrical impulses from the AV node in the heart to the muscle cells of the heart wall, which contract in response producing the heart beat.

eteis-kammiokimppu

specialized bundle of heart muscle cells


anorectal

(anatomy) Of or pertaining to the anus and the rectum.

anorektal

of or pertaining to the anus and the rectum


salpinx

(anatomy) A trumpet-shaped tube.
(anatomy) A Fallopian tube.

A trumpet-shaped tube.
A Fallopian tube.

(anatomy) A trumpet-shaped tube.
(anatomy) A Eustachian tube.

A trumpet-shaped tube.
A Eustachian tube.


cartilaginoid

en-adj

cartilaginoid (comparative more cartilaginoid, superlative most cartilaginoid)

more cartilaginoid (comparative)
most cartilaginoid (superlative)

(anatomy) Resembling or having the characteristics of cartilage.


cartilaginoid

(medicine) A cartilage-like nodule, growth or other structure, which is not part of the normal anatomy.


zymogram

zone electrophoresis
zone electrophoresis

(biochemistry, genetics) A strip of electrophoretic material on which enzymes are visibly separated through histochemical methods (e.g. by zone electrophoresis).


normoglycemia

(medicine) The state of having a normal level of glucose in the blood.


mycobacterial

Leprosy is caused by a mycobacterial infection.

(medicine) Of or pertaining to mycobacteria


metronidazole

en-noun

metronidazole (countable and uncountable, plural metronidazoles)

From me(thyl) + -tronidazole (“alteration of nitroimidazole”).

af

(pharmacology) An antibiotic of the nitroimidazole group, used to treat vaginal trichomoniasis, amebiasis, and infections by anaerobic bacteria.


methylene diphosphonate

(organic chemistry, oncology) Synonym of medronate


nitroimidazole

(medicine) Any of a family of antibiotics composed of imidazole heterocycles with a nitro group; often used to combat anaerobic infections


noncomplementing

a noncomplementing allele


cardioprotective

en-adj

cardioprotective (comparative more cardioprotective, superlative most cardioprotective)

more cardioprotective (comparative)
most cardioprotective (superlative)

Whereas a naturally caffeinated food such as chocolate contains about 12 milligrams of caffeine, and beverages such as coffee and tea contain up to 95 milligrams of natural caffeine per serving, energy drinks can contain as much as 300 grams of synthetic caffeine per serving.
 This spike in caffeine content has been associated with heart attacks in young people, but some studies show that coffee and tea have cardioprotective effects.

2023 December 6–12, Vance Voetberg, “Aging Effects of Synthetic Versus Natural Caffeine”, in The Epoch Times, U.S. edition, number 489, B, page 9:

(pharmacology) That serves to protect the heart.


cardioprotective

(pharmacology) A remedy that serves to protect the heart.


calvarium

en-noun

calvarium (plural calvariums or calvaria)

From Latin calvāria (“skull”), from calva, from calvus (“bald”).

He turns up the skull between his hands. His fingers explore the calvarium. They emerge through the battered eye sockets.

2020, Hilary Mantel, The Mirror and the Light, Fourth Estate, page 583:

(anatomy) The upper, domelike portion of the skull (without the lower jaw).


gigabase

(genetics) One billion bases (nucleotides) as a unit of length of a nucleic acid


photomedicine

(medicine) The branch of medicine that involves the therapeutic use of light.


diapente

From Latin, from Ancient Greek διά (diá, “through, across”) + πέντε (pénte, “five”).

uder

1816, Race-horses, method of preparing for running, entry in Encyclopædia Perthensis, 2nd Edition, Volume 18, page 571,
If the horse be in good fleſh and ſpirits when taken up for its month′s preparation, the diapente muſt be omitted; and the chief buſineſs will be to give him good food, and ſo much exerciſe as will keep him in wind, without overſweating him or exhauſting his ſpirits.

(medicine, obsolete) A composition of five ingredients.


acetract

Blend of Latin acētum (“vinegar”) and extract.

(medicine) In botanical medicine, a vinegar extract of herbs.


bradyphrenia

en-noun

bradyphrenia (countable and uncountable, plural bradyphrenias)

(neurology) The slowness of thought common to many disorders of the brain. Disorders characterized by bradyphrenia include Parkinson's disease, punch drunk syndrome, normal pressure hydrocephalus, forms of schizophrenia, and drug-induced states.


ureteric

(medicine) Of or pertaining to the ureter


squinantic

(obsolete, medicine) Used to treat quinsy.


Chvostek sign

Named after František Chvostek, Austrian-born surgeon who described it.

(medicine) One of the signs of tetany seen in hypocalcemia. When the facial nerve is tapped at the angle of the jaw (i.e. masseter muscle), the facial muscles on the same side of the face contract momentarily.


troponin

troponin (countable and uncountable, plural troponins)

From tropomyosin. Coined by the Japanese researcher Setsuro Ebashi in 1963.http://jb.oxfordjournals.org/content/vol59/issue4/index.dtl

(biochemistry, medicine) A complex of three regulatory proteins that is integral to muscle contraction in skeletal and cardiac muscle, or any member of this complex. The level of troponin in the blood is often used as an indicator of heart damage.

troponina

regulatory protein of skeletal and cardiac muscle


thyroglossal

From thyro- + glossal. Back-formation from "thyroglossal duct", from New Latin ductus thyroglossalis.

a thyroglossal carcinoma

(medicine) Of or pertaining to the thyroglossal duct


thyroglossal duct

thyroglossal duct (plural thyroglossal ducts)

Calque of New Latin ductus thyroglossalis

clq

(anatomy) An embryonic anatomical structure which connects the initial area of development of the thyroid gland to its final position


antiepileptic

This drug has an antiepileptic effect.

(pharmacology) Acting to prevent epileptic seizures


antiepileptic

He was prescribed a course of antiepileptics.

(medicine) A drug which acts to prevent epileptic seizures

antiepileptikum

a drug which acts to prevent epileptic seizures


antimaternal

en-adj

antimaternal (comparative more antimaternal, superlative most antimaternal)

more antimaternal (comparative)
most antimaternal (superlative)

an antimaternal antibody

(immunology) Pertaining to an immune response against the mother


arrhythmogenic

arrhythmogenic (comparative more arrhythmogenic, superlative most arrhythmogenic)

more arrhythmogenic (comparative)
most arrhythmogenic (superlative)

Catecholamines have an arrhythmogenic effect.

(cardiology, pharmacology) Relating to arrhythmogenesis


arteriogenesis

(medicine) An increase in the diameter of existing arterial vessels

arteriogénese

increase in the diameter of arterial vessels


astroglial

Specifically, growing evidence indicates that there are several astroglial lineages, that there are regional differences in the patterns of gliogenesis within the CNS, that astrocytes from different brain regions have distinct properties (see Chapter 4), and that glial progenitors remain in the adult mammalian CNS.

2012, Gerard Meurant, Astrocytes: Pharmacology and Function, page 1:

(medicine) Of or pertaining to the astrocytes, the star-shaped glial cells of the brain and spinal cord


gonococcal

/ɡɒnəˈkɒkl̩/

(medicine) Of, or pertaining to, gonococcus.


avascular

avascular (comparative more avascular, superlative most avascular)

more avascular (comparative)
most avascular (superlative)

An avascular mass was discovered during surgery.


autoreactive

autoreactive (comparative more autoreactive, superlative most autoreactive)

more autoreactive (comparative)
most autoreactive (superlative)

an autoreactive T-cell clone

(immunology, medicine) Acting against the organism by which it was produced


plication

en-noun

plication (countable and uncountable, plural plications)

From Middle French plicacion, and its source, Latin plicatio.

(surgery) A surgical procedure in which a body part is strengthened or shortened by pulling together folds of excess material, and suturing them into place.


perone

From French péroné, from Ancient Greek περόνη (perónē, “fibula”).


meros

From Ancient Greek μηρός (mērós, “thigh”).

(anatomy) the proximal segment of the hind limb; the thigh


sacculus

Unadapted borrowing from Latin sacculus (“a little sack or bag”), diminutive of saccus (“a sack, bag, purse”). Doublet of saccule.


carbenoxolone

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) A synthetic derivative of glycyrrhizinic acid having the chemical formula C₃₄H₅₀O₇; used as a drug for treatment of various conditions including esophageal inflammation.


synaptically

In this slide you see a pair of synaptically connected neurons.

(medicine, neurology) At or by means of a synapse


tandemly

a tandemly repeated DNA sequence


cacolet

From French cacolet, from Béarnais Occitan cacoulet (“mule chair”).

(medicine, especially historical and military) A stretcher mounted on a pack animal similarly or singly.


international unit

en-noun

international unit (plural international units)

(pharmacology) A particular, minute unit of mass, defined differently for different substances, but so that varying substances of the same general type have the property that one international unit of the one has the same effect on the human body as one international unit of the other.


IU

international unit
international unit#English

(pharmacology) Initialism of international unit.


adequately wet

(toxicology, construction) Of asbestos: made wet for safety reasons, in order to prevent the escape of harmful particles, for example during demolition.


ENA

extractable nuclear antigen
w:extractable nuclear antigen

(medicine) Initialism of extractable nuclear antigen.


percussor

The shaft on which the percussor is fastened is so adjusted that the spring, while expending its force, throws the hammer a little beyond the line of centre, so that the blow is struck lightly and quickly, and the hammer rebounds very much as it strikes and rebounds from the string of a piano when a note is struck on the keyboard.

1890, George Frederick Shrady, Thomas Lathrop Stedman, Medical Record - Volume 38, page 66:

A mechanical percussor is ordered to assist with secretion clearnace in a patient receiving CPT.

2009, James R. Sills, The Comprehensive Respiratory Therapist Exam Review, →ISBN:

Kimberly-Clark manufactures and distributes a small, soft vinyl percussor mounted on a plastic wand designed for neonatal applications (Figure 4-39).

2014, Gary White, Equipment Theory for Respiratory Care, →ISBN, page 200:

(medicine) A small hammer-like tool that a physician uses to provide a light blow to a body part.

When he has reached this stage, the percussor is an expert, and his ability to produce deceptive effects is his best guarantee that he will not be himself deceived.

1898, The Clinical Journal - Volume 12, page 310:

A percussor must be in a mental attitude toward the examined subject that is twofold in character; he knows, or should know, beforehand that there will be certain phenomena of sound that he is sure to discover, and that there are certain other phenomena that it is possible to discover, and that await his intelligent elicitation.

1901, The Hahnemannian Monthly - Volume 36, page 213:

Percussion is done by cupping the hand so as to allow a cushion of air to come between the percussor's hand and the patient.

1996, David N. Herndon, Total Burn Care E-Book: Expert Consult, →ISBN, page 240:

(medicine) A physician who provides light blow to a body part as a diagnostic technique.


moon-face

moon-face (countable and uncountable, plural moon-faces)

(medicine) A swollen and rounded face in a non-obese patient, most often associated with Cushing's syndrome or treatment with corticosteroids.


cholangiocyte

(medicine) A cell which forms the epithelial lining of the bile ducts


centralspindlin

From central spindle + -in. Coined by the Glotzer et al. research group at the University of Vienna no later than 2001.http://www.google.com/patents?id=CnaFAAAAEBAJ

(cytology, biochemistry) A protein complex associated with RacGAP (Rac GTPase activating protein, which shuts down nearby Rac) and RhoGEF (which activates nearby Rho) and a kinesin, playing a key role in the formation of the central spindle in mitosis


decellularize

en-verb

decellularize (third-person singular simple present decellularizes, present participle decellularizing, simple past and past participle decellularized)

decellularizes (present singular third-person)
decellularizing (participle present)
decellularized (participle past)
decellularized (past)

The method comprises contacting the tissue to be decellularized with a hypotonic solution under conditions such that cell lysis occurs, and subsequently subjecting the tissue to nuclease treatment under conditions such that the tissue is rendered histologically acellular.

2000, Steven Goldstein, Kirby S. Black, Tissue decellularization, US Patent http://www.google.com/patents?id=D5KBAAAAEBAJ:

(medicine) To remove cells or cellular material from (such as from an organ or tissue)


cytogenetically

The fetus was cytogenetically normal.

(medicine, biology) By means or in terms of cytogenetics, the genetics of the cell


A negative

(medicine) Of a blood type within the ABO and Rh blood grouping system. Blood type A negative has a phenotype of "A" and a Rhesus system classification of negative.


ABO

(medicine) The most important blood type classification system for human blood transfusions.


epileptogenesis

en-noun

epileptogenesis (countable and uncountable, plural epileptogeneses)

(medicine) The process by which the brain develops epilepsy.


endocardial

an endocardial electrode arrangement

(anatomy) In or pertaining to the endocardium


filopodium

From filum (“thread”) + -podium (“leg-like structure”).

af

(cytology) A slender cytoplasmic projection which extends from the leading edge of a migrating cell

filopode

a slender cytoplasmic projection which extends from the leading edge of a migrating cell


filopodial

a filopodial protrusion

(cytology) Of, in or pertaining to the filopodia of a cell


germband

(embryology) The band of germ layers that forms on the ventral side of the embryo during gastrulation in insects.


thoracoscopy

(medicine) A procedure for examining the inside of the chest cavity through a small incision, using an endoscope.


EGD

(medicine) Initialism of esophagogastroduodenoscopy.


mediastinoscopy

(medicine) A surgical procedure for examining the inside of the mediastinum and the organs it encloses through a small incision, using an endoscope and usually under general anesthesia.


hepatoblast

(medicine, embryology) The fetal precursor of the hepatocyte


hemichannel

(cytology) A connexin channel formed between two cells.


hyperinsulinemia

en-noun

hyperinsulinemia (countable and uncountable, plural hyperinsulinemias)

(medicine) The condition of having an excessively high level of insulin in the blood, usually due to excess production


methylprednisolone

methylprednisolone (countable and uncountable, plural methylprednisolones)

The patient was treated with methylprednisolone, cyclophosphamide, and azathioprine, as well as burn center protocol care with daily tankings.

1993, Virginia Medical Quarterly, volumes 120–121, page 44:

(biochemistry, pharmacology) A synthetic glucocorticoid, C₂₂H₃₀O₅, used chiefly in the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune disorders.


cingulum

/ˈsɪŋɡjələm/

Borrowed from Latin cingulum (“girdle”), from cingō (“to gird”).

(neuroanatomy) A collection of white matter fibers projecting from the cingulate gyrus to the entorhinal cortex in the brain, allowing for communication between components of the limbic system.

(anatomy) A ridge that girdles the base of an upper molar tooth.


interictal

(medicine) Between episodes, attacks, or paroxysms; as (usually, more specifically):

Considering these data, the spatial relationships between lesions and the localization of interictal spikes can vary and seem to depend on the lesion type.

2009, François Manguière, Isabelle Merlet, Julien Jung, “66: Experimental Neurophysiological Techniques”, in Simon D. Shorvon, Emilio Perucca, Jerome Engel, Jr., editors, The Treatment of Epilepsy, page 839:

The diagnosis of epilepsy is primarily clinical; however, routine interictal EEG plays a crucial role in the diagnosis and management of patients with this paroxysmal neurological disorder (Binnie and Stefan 1999; Pillai and Sperling 2006).

2012, José L. Fernández-Torre, “101: Interictal EEG”, in C. P. Panayiotopoulos, S.R. Benbadis, R.G. Beran, A.T. Berg, J. Engel, Jr., A.S. Galanopoulou, editors, Atlas of Epilepsies, volume 3, page 701:

This sleep disruption may, in part, be related to the interictal discharge. The interictal discharge is the electrical signature typically associated with epilepsy between seizures.

2012, Daniel C. Potts, James D. Geyer, Paul R. Carney, “Chapter 30: Sleep Disorders and Degenerative Neurologic Disorders”, in Paul R. Carney, Richard B. Berry, James D. Geyer, editors, Clinical Sleep Disorders, page 400:

2012, Margitta Seeck, Donald L. Schomer, Ernst Nidermeyer, Chapter 33: Intercranial Monitoring: Depth, Subdural, and Foramen Ovale Electrodes, Donald L. Schomer, Fernando Lopes da Silva (editors), Niedermeyer's Electroencephalography, page 677,
This may be the reason why most authorities in the field recommend relying mainly on the ictal data, and less on the interictal EEG.


interfollicular

the interfollicular epidermis

(medicine) Occurring or existing between follicles


ictal

From ictus + -al, from Latin ictus (“a blow”).

The patient was in an ictal state.

(medicine) Of or pertaining to a sudden physiologic attack such as a seizure, stroke or headache.


interburst

(neurology, physiology) Occurring between neural bursts, such as in an epileptic seizure


multipotency

multipotency (countable and uncountable, plural multipotencies)

(cytology, developmental biology) The ability of a progenitor cell to develop into a limited number of cell types.


preimmune

a preimmune serum


neurosphere

(embryology, neurology) A free-floating structure generated in vitro by neural stem cells


nonheart

nonheart surgery


nondistorter

(genetics) An allele that does not distort segregation ratios in its favor


A positive

(medicine) Of a blood type within the ABO and Rh blood grouping system. Blood type A positive has a phenotype of "A" and a Rhesus system classification of positive.


noninherited

a noninherited maternal antigen

(genetics) Not inherited; not passed from parent to offspring.


nonvital

Such an occurrence could provoke a vital response from a patient when a nonvital tooth was being tested (a "false-positive").

1998, J.W. Myers, “Demonstration of a possible source of error with an electric pulp tester”, in Journal of Endodontics, volume 24, number 3:

(dentistry) Not containing living nerve tissue


postmeiotic

postmeiotic segregation


interneuronal

an interneuronal connection

interneuronal development

(neurology) Of or pertaining to interneurons


quadrivalent

(medicine, of a vaccine) Protecting against four different (usually flu) viruses.


snugger

Again, the snuggers can be tied to the cannula and the cannula fixed to the skin edge to prevent displacement.

2006, Jaroslav F. Stark, Marc R. de Leval, Victor T. Tsang, Surgery for Congenital Heart Defects, →ISBN, page 176:

A midline abdominal incision was made and the descending aorta above the renal bifurcation was cleared of adjacent tissues and a snugger was placed.

2012, Lorrie A. Kirshenbaum, Ian M.C. Dixon, Pawan K. Singal, Biochemistry of Hypertrophy and Heart Failure, →ISBN, page 140:

As all of the arteries are controlled by snuggers except the innominate artery, the cardioplegia can infuse only the ascending aorta and thereby the coronary arteries. Once this cardioplegia is administered, the snuggers on the innominate artery can be appropriately rearranged and the stopcock can be moved back for institution of regional perfusion.

2015, Constantine Mavroudis, Carl Lewis Backer, Atlas of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, →ISBN, page 300:

(medicine) A threaded plastic tube used to clamp blood vessels during surgery.


syringomyelia

syringomyelia (countable and uncountable, plural syringomyelias)

From international scientific vocabulary, reflecting New Latin combining forms: syringo- + myel- + -ia.

(medicine) A disorder in which a cyst or cavity forms within the spinal cord, possibly leading to stiffness or paralysis.

classical compound
international scientific vocabulary
syringomyelia


pontine

(neuroanatomy) Of or pertaining to the pons in the brain stem.


echopraxia

echopraxia (countable and uncountable, plural echopraxias)

From Ancient Greek ἠχώ (ēkhṓ, “reflected sound, echo”) + πρᾶξις (prâxis, “action”), formed on the analogy of echolalia and apraxia.

der

For example, a tic is an automatic form of echopraxia, involving to some slight degree the emotions and the volition and having been originally acquired by suggestion and imitation.

1906, Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, Volume 33, Williams & Wilkins, page 547:

1964, Digest of Neurology and Psychiatry, Volumes 32-33, Institute of Living, page 260,
Echolalia and echopraxia have been recognized as symptoms of seriously disturbed behavior in adults for over a century.

Several patients, after repeated experience of echopraxia and pantomime, had the delusion that they could communicate with others without using words—merely transmitting ideas by a bodily movement.

1966, The British Journal of Psychiatry, volume 112, Royal Medico-Psychological Association, page 241:

(psychology, pathology, psychopathology) The involuntary repetition or imitation of the observed movements of another.

echopraxie

involuntary repetition of the observed movements of others


antiphosphorylated

The phosphorylation levels were detected with antiphosphorylated antibodies by Western blot analysis.

2005, W. Zhang, “Leukotriene B4 receptor inhibitor LY293111 induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human anaplastic large-cell lymphoma cells via JNK phosphorylation”, in Leukemia, volume 19, →DOI:

(molecular biology, immunochemistry) Bonding specifically to a phosphorylated antigen


vernix caseosa

From Latin vernix (“varnish”) + caseosa (“cheesy”).

1888 Austin Flint: A Text-book of human physiology
The protecting coat of vernix caseosa allows the skin to perform its office in utero, and at birth, when this coating is removed, the surface is found in a condition perfectly adapted to extrauterine existence. It is not probable that the vernix caseosa is necessary to facilitate the passage of the child into the world, for the parts of the mother are always sufficiently lubricated with mucous secretion.

1983 Carol Laderman: Wives and Midwives: Childbirth and Nutrition in Rural Malaysia
She rubbed his body with coconut oil to remove the vernix caseosa. A heavy coating of vernix caseosa, she told me later, is a sure sign that the couple have been having intercourse during the latter part of pregnancy, a practice she considers dangerous. She believes the white vernix caseosa to be an accumulation of semen.

(obstetrics, medecine) The waxy or "cheesy" white substance found coating the skin of newborn humans.


underexpressed

en-adj

underexpressed (comparative more underexpressed, superlative most underexpressed)

more underexpressed (comparative)
most underexpressed (superlative)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-underexpressed.wav

These genes may be overexpressed and underexpressed with respect to the other genes and with respect to a particular condition.

2005, Francesca Ruffino et al., “Biological Specifications for a Synthetic Gene Expression Data Generation Model”, in Bloch et al., editors, Fuzzy Logic and Applications, →ISBN, page 281:

(genetics) Not expressed to the usual or expected degree


unruptured

an unruptured aneurysm


macropinocytosis

en-noun

macropinocytosis (countable and uncountable, plural macropinocytoses)

(cytology) A form of endocytosis in which a large fluid-filled vesicle, or macropinosome, is pinched off from the cell membrane and brought into the interior of the cell


macropinosome

(cytology) A large vesicle filled with extracellular fluid and formed through macropinocytosis


pinosome

(cytology) A vesicle filled with extracellular fluid, formed by pinching the cell membrane inward through pinocytosis


giardia

/d͡ʒiˈɑɹdiə/

/d͡ʒiˈɑːdɪə/

(pathology) Giardiasis, the disease caused by the parasite.


Flieringa ring

(medicine) A stainless steel ring sutured to the sclera to support the globe during difficult eye operations.


tenolysis

I had to undergo flexor tenolysis on my hand.

(surgery) A surgical procedure in which a tendon is separated from its sheath.


nondiabetic

Though it may seem counterintuitive, a controlled clinical trial of nondiabetic older women found that insulin sensitivity was improved among those who consumed two drinks a day.

2008 December 15, Jane Brody, “Query for Aging Patients: How Much Do You Drink?”, in New York Times:


metacarpophalangeal

metacarpophalangeal articulation

(anatomy) Of or pertaining to the metacarpus and the phalange


DDI

DDI (countable and uncountable, plural DDIs)

(pharmacology) Abbreviation of dideoxyinosine; also ddI.


atherothrombotic

(medicine) Pertaining to or caused by atherothrombosis, the sudden disruption of an atherosclerotic plaque


atherothrombosis

(medicine) The sudden disruption of an atherosclerotic plaque or lesion


clonidine

clonidine (usually uncountable, plural clonidines)

(pharmacology) A drug that acts as an α₂-adrenoreceptor agonist, used in the treatment of hypertension, opiate withdrawal, and a variety of other conditions.


resect

en-verb

resect (third-person singular simple present resects, present participle resecting, simple past and past participle resected)

resects (present singular third-person)
resecting (participle present)
resected (participle past)
resected (past)

Borrowed from Latin resectus, past participle of resecare (“to cut off”), formed in turn from re- + secare (“to cut”).

The tumor was resected after chemotherapy.

(surgery, transitive) To remove (some part of an organ or structure) by surgical means.


cardioprotection

(cardiology) The prevention, delay or reduction of myocardial injury, especially that caused by ischemia


microadenoma

en-noun

microadenoma (plural microadenomas or microadenomata)

microadenomas (plural)
microadenomata (plural)

(medicine) A very small adenoma involved in hypersecretion


postreplication

(genetics, biology) Used, attributively, to describe the period following replication of nucleic acid


paramorphine

(toxicology) A poisonous alkaloid, also known as thebaine, obtained from opium; not used in medicine; but used as a precursor for the manufacture of some medicines.


neuroendocrine

a neuroendocrine cancer

(physiology, pathology) pertaining to the nervous system and endocrine system together


virally

en-adv

virally (comparative more virally, superlative most virally)

more virally (comparative)
most virally (superlative)

The cells have been virally infected.

(medicine) Due to, or by means of, a virus or viruses.


paranuclear

(cytology) Near and outside of the nucleus.


subcortical

He was diagnosed with subcortical dementia.

(medicine) Of or pertaining to the subcortex, the portion of the brain located below the cerebral cortex


artemether

From arte- (“artemisinin-related compound”) + meth- + ether.

af

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) An antimalarial derived from artemisinin, and used to treat multiply drug-resistant strains of falciparum malaria.


chloroquine

en-noun

chloroquine (countable and uncountable, plural chloroquines)

From chloro- + -quine (“quinoline derivative”).

af

Perhaps the most egregious example of shifting the standards of evidence comes when the report discusses the off-label use of drugs such as chloroquine and ivermectin.

2024 December 11, John Timmer, “New congressional report: “COVID-19 most likely emerged from a laboratory””, in Ars Technica:

(pharmacology) A 4-aminoquinoline drug used to treat and prevent malaria, having the chemical formula C₁₈H₂₆ClN₃.


atabrine

en-noun

atabrine (usually uncountable, plural atabrines)

Discoid lesions and minor subacute involvement may be controlled by freezing with carbon dioxide or a course of atabrine.

1954 February 15, Henry E. Michelson, “The Syndrome of Lupus Erythematosus”, in Modern Medicine, volume 22, number 4, Minneapolis, Minn.: Modern Medicine Publications, Inc., page 96:


red man syndrome

(pathology) An infusion reaction to vancomycin, causing flushing of the skin and an erythematous rash on the upper body.


nodulus

Borrowed from Latin nōdulus. Doublet of nodule.

(neuroanatomy) The part of the vestibulocerebellum that is at the end of the vermis


abattage

(veterinary medicine) The slaughter of animals, especially diseased ones to limit the spread of the disease.


aniseikonia

aniseikonia (countable and uncountable, plural aniseikonias)

(pathology, ophthalmology) An ophthalmological condition where there is a significant difference in the perceived size of images.


alveolitis

(medicine) An inflammation of the alveoli in the lungs.

alveolite

(medicine) An inflammation of a dental alveolus (tooth socket).


dental alveolus

(medicine, anatomy) A tooth socket in the jaw.


blepharitis

blepharitis (usually uncountable, plural blepharitides)

Ancient Greek βλέφαρον (blépharon, “eyelid”).

uder

(pathology) An inflammation of the eyelid.


bronchopneumonia

en-noun

bronchopneumonia (countable and uncountable, plural bronchopneumonias)

(medicine) A bacterial infection of the lungs, characteristically showing numerous small foci of infection.


lobar pneumonia

(medicine) A bacterial infection of the lungs, characteristically showing inflammation of an entire lobe.


cholangitis

cholangitis (countable and uncountable, plural cholangitides)

(pathology) An inflammation of the bile duct.


epicondylitis

(medicine) General inflammation of the elbow or knee.


golfer's elbow

golfer's elbow (usually uncountable, plural golfer's elbows)

So called because swinging a golf club may lead to this condition.

(medicine) A painful inflammation of the medial epicondyle of the elbow caused by overuse of the flexor muscles of the lower arm.


mefloquine

From me(thyl) (“quinoline derivative”) + fl(uor)o- + -quine.

af

The same year the UN banned mefloquine for peacekeeping troops in Cambodia because of concern about the drug's "neuropsychiatric side effects… in military personnel".

2002 October 24, Mark Honigsbaum, “'It's not a benign drug—it has ruined my life'”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:

I take thalazole to control the stools, mefloquine for the malaria.

2007, Teju Cole, Every Day is for the Thief, Faber & Faber (2015), page 154:

(pharmacology) An antimalarial drug C₁₇H₁₆F₆N₂O similar to quinine that consists of a fluorinated derivative of quinoline and is used in the form of its hydrochloride for the prevention and treatment of malaria.


talipes

Modern Latin, from Latin talus (“ankle”) + pes (“foot”).

He had read everything in the library which treated of talipes in its various forms.

1915, W. Somerset Maugham, chapter 84, in Of Human Bondage:

(medicine) Clubfoot; the condition of having a clubfoot.


duloxetine

(pharmacology) A drug that functions as an SNRI and is administered orally in the form of its hydrochloride C₁₈H₁₉NOS·HCl especially to treat depression, anxiety, and chronic pain (such as that associated with fibromyalgia and peripheral neuropathy). It is marketed under the trademark Cymbalta.


mirtazapine

en-noun

mirtazapine (countable and uncountable, plural mirtazapines)

Probably from m(ethyl) + irt- (“inversion of tri-”) + aza- (“nitrogen”) + -apine (“psychoactive tricyclic compound”).

af

(pharmacology) An antidepressant drug C₁₇H₁₉N₃ taken orally especially to treat major depressive disorder. It is marketed under the trademark Remeron.


pharma

We're investing in pharma and biotech.

(business, pharmacy, pharmacology) The pharmaceutical or drug-making sector.


gapping

en-noun

gapping (countable and uncountable, plural gappings)

The suture must be firm enough to prevent gapping when the elasticity of the elastic layer has been in play for some time.

1919, Studies from the Dept. of Anatomy, volume 7, page 505:

This test should then be repeated at 30° of knee flexion. The degree of injury can be graded based upon the amount of gapping felt as the joint opens under stress.

2012, Vicente Sanchis-Alfonso, Joan Carles Monllau, The ACL-Deficient Knee: A Problem Solving Approach, page 300:


bipennate

It then follows that bipennate muscles generate even more force than unipennate ones of similar volume, and the force increases with the angle of pennation.

1999, Christopher McGowan, A Practical Guide to Vertebrate Mechanics:

Beneath the deltoid lies the external rotators of the shoulders, including the bipennate infraspinatus and the teres minor (Fig. 5-20B).

2007, Neal S. Elattrache, Christopher D. Harner, Raffy Mirzayan, Jon K. Sekiya, editors, Surgical Techniques in Sports Medicine, page 50:

Bipennate muscles have a central tendon with oblique insertion fibers on both sides, eg, the rectus femoris (Figure 1.3c).

2008, John O'Neill, Musculoskeletal Ultrasound: Anatomy and Technique, page 4:

(medicine, anatomy, zoology) Of, pertaining to, or having the nature of a muscle, the fibres of which attach to a tendon on two sides (as a feather barbed on both sides).


psychostimulant

en-adj

psychostimulant (comparative more psychostimulant, superlative most psychostimulant)

more psychostimulant (comparative)
most psychostimulant (superlative)

a psychostimulant effect

(pharmacology) Tending to increase mental alertness and awareness


psychostimulant

(pharmacology) A drug that acts to temporarily increase mental alertness or awareness


tenonectomy

(surgery) The excision of part of a tendon.


physostigmine

en-noun

physostigmine (countable and uncountable, plural physostigmines)

From translingual Physostigma venenosum (“the Calabar bean”) + -ine.

af

The substance is physostigmine, a drug first isolated from the Calabar bean (Physostigmine venenosum), a climbing liana that grows in swampy coastal areas of West Africa from Sierra Leone south and east as far as the Cameroons.

1985, Wade Davis, The Serpent and the Rainbow, Simon & Schuster, page 40:

(biochemistry, pharmacology) A parasympathomimetic, a reversible cholinesterase inhibitor alkaloid of the Calabar bean, used to treat certain medical conditions.


metergoline

(pharmacology) A synthetic compound with the chemical formula C₂₅H₂₉N₃O₂, used as an antagonist.


rivastigmine

From riva- (of known origin) + -stigmine (“acetylcholinesterase inhibitor”).

(pharmacology) A drug C₁₄H₂₂N₂O₂ that increases acetylcholine levels by inhibiting the action of cholinesterase and is used to treat dementia associated with Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.


neostigmine

From neo- + -stigmine (“acetylcholinesterase inhibitor”).

(pharmacology) An anticholinesterase drug used in the form of its bromide C₁₂H₁₉BrN₂O₂ or a methyl sulfate derivative C₁₃H₂₂N₂O₆S especially in the diagnosis and treatment of myasthenia gravis and in the treatment of urinary bladder or bowel atony.


meprobamate

en-noun

meprobamate (countable and uncountable, plural meprobamates)

From me(thyl) + pro(pyl) + -bamate (“tranquilizer”).

af

(pharmacology) A carbamate derivative used as an anxiolytic drug.


tetradactyl

From tetra- + Ancient Greek δάκτυλος (dáktulos, “finger”).


tridactyl

From tri- + Ancient Greek δάκτυλος (dáktulos, “finger”).

(anatomy) Having three digits on a limb.


indometacin

From indo(le) + meth(yl) + ac(etic acid) + -in.

af

rheumatoid arthritis
rheumatoid arthritis

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) A compound with anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic properties, used chiefly to treat rheumatoid arthritis and gout.


extrasystole

An extrasystole originating at the rhythmic centre is thus followed by a returning cycle of natural length.

1914, Thomas Lewis et al., “The Excitatory Process in the Dog's Heart,”, in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, containing Papers of a Biological Character, volume 205, page 404:

A 30-year-old woman, with no heart disease, was referred to our center with a history of rare episodes of sustained tachycardia and frequent feeling of extrasystoles.

2005, Gian-Battista Chierchia MD et al., “Arrhythmia Rounds: A Case of Junctional Extrasystoles?”, in Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, volume 16, number 5, page 557:

(medicine) A premature contraction of the heart, producing an interruption or irregularity in heartbeat rhythm, associated with heart disease or the use of some pharmaceuticals.


normal for Norfolk

(medicine, slang, UK, derogatory) Peculiar or odd.

(medicine, slang, UK, derogatory) Of a patient, having lesser intellect.


obligate carrier

en-noun

obligate carrier (plural obligate carriers)

(genetics) An individual who may be clinically unaffected but who must carry a gene mutation based on analysis of the family history; this usually applies to disorders inherited in an autosomal recessive and X-linked recessive manner.


toe pleats

(medicine) Pleats in the sheets that allows a patient in bed to be able to move feet, to prevent pressure ulcers from developing on patients' heels and toes.


uterine isthmus

(anatomy) An elongated, narrow part of the uterus at the junction of the body of the uterus and the cervix.


venistasis

A patient with venistasis might be more vulnerable to the formation of blood clots due to long periods of immobility such as when driving for long distances.

(pathology) A condition of slow blood supply, usually to the limbs.


overtreat

en-verb

overtreat (third-person singular simple present overtreats, present participle overtreating, simple past and past participle overtreated)

overtreats (present singular third-person)
overtreating (participle present)
overtreated (participle past)
overtreated (past)

Coordinate term: undertreat

Also, overtreated patients become more insulin-resistant, and this gradually reverses as insulin doses are reduced.

2002, Anthony L. McCall, “Insulin Therapy and Hypoglycemia”, in Insulin Therapy, →ISBN, page 217:

(medicine, transitive) To subject to excessive medical treatment, often to such an extent as to cause adverse effects.

ylihoitaa

to subject to excessive medical treatment


osteosclerotic

(medicine) Exhibiting osteosclerosis; thus, showing an abnormal increase in bone density


overtreatment

From over- + treatment or overtreat + -ment.

(medicine) Excessive treatment, often specifically medical treatment


xylazine

After 15, 30, 60 or 90 days, the animals (n = 5 per time point for each subgroup) were sacrificed via an overdose of ketamine and xylazine hydrochloride (Vetbrands Brazil Limited, Jacareí, SP), and the hemimaxillae were removed and fixed in 10% formalin solution (Fig 1 ).

2015 August 14, “Green Tea Modulates Cytokine Expression in the Periodontium and Attenuates Alveolar Bone Resorption in Type 1 Diabetic Rats”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

The user had a hunch that there was fentanyl in the powder but feared the presence of xylazine, a dangerous animal tranquilizer that can leave oozing wounds on limbs.

2022 December 24, Noah Weiland, “A High-Tech Strategy for Keeping Drug Users Safe: Analyzing Their Fentanyl”, in The New York Times:

In her shattered Philadelphia neighborhood, and increasingly in drug hot zones around the country, an animal tranquilizer called xylazine — known by street names like “tranq,” “tranq dope” and “zombie drug” — is being used to bulk up illicit fentanyl, making its impact even more devastating.

2023 January 7, Jan Hoffman, “Tranq Dope: Animal Sedative Mixed With Fentanyl Brings Fresh Horror to U.S. Drug Zones”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

(pharmacology) A potent α₂-adrenergic agonist used for sedation, anesthesia, and analgesia in large mammals; it is also misused as an adulterant in street drugs.


-estr-

(pharmacology) Used to form names of estrogens.


antiobesity

antiobesity medication

(pharmacology, nutrition, of a drug, etc.) Serving to counter obesity.


prenucleation

(cytology) Occurring before nucleation; occurring before the formation of a nucleus.


sevoflurane

From sev(en) + -o- + -flurane (“halogenated compound”).

af

(pharmacology, surgery) A sweet-smelling, non-flammable, highly fluorinated methyl isopropyl ether used for induction and maintenance of general anesthesia.


microdeletion

en-noun

microdeletion (countable and uncountable, plural microdeletions)

(genetics) A genetic mutation resulting from the deletion of a small part of a chromosome, usually involving many genes.


antimigraine

(medicine) Preventing or acting against migraines.


atherosis

atherosis (countable and uncountable, plural atheroses)

(medicine) The condition of having multiple atheromas; Synonym of atherosclerosis


clindamycin

(pharmacology) A lincosamide antibiotic drug C₁₈H₃₃ClN₂O₅S, mostly used to treat infections with anaerobic bacteria.


autism spectrum disorder

autism spectrum disorder (plural autism spectrum disorders)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-autism spectrum disorder.wav

Asperger's is an autism spectrum disorder.

2008, "Scientists Pinpoint Pathway That Impacts Features of Autism", 8 October 2018, R&D Magazine.
Moreover, effects were seen in adult mice, suggesting a possible route to medication development for adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

(psychology, pathology) A disorder involving any of a range of psychological conditions, all characterized by abnormal social interaction and communication, restricted interests, highly repetitive behaviour, and eccentricity.

自閉症スペクトラム障害

じへいしょうすぺくとらむしょうがい


pervasive developmental disorder

pervasive developmental disorder (plural pervasive developmental disorders)

pervasive developmental disorders (plural)

Asperger syndrome
Asperger syndrome#English

(psychiatry) Any of a group of disorders characterized by delays in the development of multiple basic functions including socialization and communication. They were five in the DSM-IV: Asperger syndrome, autism, childhood disintegrative disorder, Rett syndrome, and PDD-NOS.

óbščeje rasstrójstvo psixíčeskovo razvítija

о́бщее расстро́йство психи́ческого разви́тия

pervazívnoje rasstrójstvo psixíčeskovo razvítija

первази́вное расстро́йство психи́ческого разви́тия


childhood disintegrative disorder

/ˈtʃaɪldhʊd dɪsˈɪntɪˌɡreɪtɪv dɪsˈɔːdə(ɹ)/

(psychiatry) A rare condition characterized by deterioration of language, social function, and motor skills in a child after normal development for the child's first three years.

dezintegratívnoje rasstrójstvo détskovo vózrasta

дезинтеграти́вное расстро́йство де́тского во́зраста

де́тское дезинтеграти́вное расстро́йство

Heller's syndrome

deterioration of skills after normal early development


BON

BON (countable and uncountable, plural BONs)

(medicine) Initialism of bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaws.


osteonecrosis

osteonecrosis (countable and uncountable, plural osteonecroses)


avascular necrosis

avascular necrosis (plural avascular necroses)

(pathology) A disease resulting from the temporary or permanent loss of the blood supply to the bones, causing bone tissue death and bone collapse.


ablatio

Borrowed from Latin ablātiō (“carrying away”). Doublet of ablation.


artesunate

artesunate (countable and uncountable, plural artesunates)

From arte- (“artemisinin-related compound”) + su(cci)nate.

af

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) A drug, of the artemisinin group, used to treat malaria.


transscleral

The transscleral delivery of drugs to the vitreous humor is difficult.

(medicine) Across the sclera, or white, of the eye


aspidospermine

(medicine) An alkaloid, obtained from quebracho bark, that was once used as a respiratory stimulant and antispasmodic, and as an antipyretic in typhoid fever


cath

en-verb

cath (third-person singular simple present caths, present participle cathing, simple past and past participle cathed)

caths (present singular third-person)
cathing (participle present)
cathed (participle past)
cathed (past)

At the spina bifida camp, we've had about twenty-five kids lining up outside the "Med Shed," needing to be cathed before breakfast.

2004, Adrian Sandler, Living with Spina Bifida, page 160:

Unlike Sharon, Sherry Adele was able to return to self-cathing after delivery.

2010, Judith Rogers, The Disabled Woman's Guide to Pregnancy and Birth:

(medicine, transitive) To catheterize; to fit (someone) with a catheter.


ELT

euglobulin lysis time
euglobulin lysis time#English

(medicine, physiology) Initialism of euglobulin lysis time.


posttranscriptional

(genetics) Subsequent to the transcription of RNA.


restage

restage (third-person singular simple present restages, present participle restaging, simple past and past participle restaged)

restages (present singular third-person)
restaging (participle present)
restaged (participle past)
restaged (past)

(medicine, oncology, surgery; transitive) To stage (a disease, especially a cancer) again; to revise the staging of a case as its course varies.


restaging

(medicine) A revised assessment of disease stage (category of severity), usually cancer stage, as the course of a case changes.


DNA snippet

(informal, genetics) A small portion of DNA associated with one or more genes or attributes


anterior cingulate cortex

en-noun

anterior cingulate cortex (plural anterior cingulate cortices)

(neuroanatomy) The frontal part of the cingulate cortex

προζωστρίς

the frontal part of the cingulate cortex


cingulate cortex

cingulate cortex (plural cingulate cortexes)

(neuroanatomy) The medial part of the cortex, between the corpus callosum to the cingulate sulcus


C fiber

(anatomy) The slowest of the nerve fibers, unique in being unmyelinated


knockout mouse

genetically engineered
genetically engineered

(biology, genetics) Any of several forms of mice that have been genetically engineered by inactivating specific genes


splice variant

(genetics) A variant form of an mRNA produced by RNA splicing.


gene splicing

gene splicing (usually uncountable, plural gene splicings)

The feat was accomplished using the gene-splicing techniques known as recombinant DNA technology.

1980 January 19, “The Promise of Gene-Splicing”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

(genetics) A technique in which fragments of DNA (often from different individuals or species) are combined to form recombinant DNA, especially as a part of genetic engineering.


glioblastoma multiforme

glioblastoma multiforme (plural glioblastoma multiformes)

(medicine) The most common and most aggressive type of primary brain tumor


morpholino

(genetics) A structural analog of natural nucleic acid used to modify gene expression, in which the ribose or deoxyribose rings of nucleic acids are replaced with morpholine rings and the phosphodiester intersubunit linkages of nucleic acids are replaced with phosphorodiamidate linkages.


errhine

en-adj

errhine (comparative more errhine, superlative most errhine)

more errhine (comparative)
most errhine (superlative)

From Latin errhīnum, from Ancient Greek ἔρρινον (érrhinon), from ἐν (en, “in”) + ῥίς (rhís, “nostril”).

(medicine, rare) Causing an increase in mucus within the nose, and hence causing one to sneeze.

aivastuttava

causing an increase in mucus within the nose


errhine

(medicine, uncommon) A medicine applied inside the nose to increase the production of mucus, and hence sneezing.


DNA ladder

(genetics) A reagent consisting of a solution of DNA of specified length; used in gel electrophoresis as a standard.


antifibrinolytic

(pharmacology) Serving to inhibit fibrinolysis.


antifibrinolytic

(pharmacology) An antifibrinolytic agent.


bevacizumab

From beva- (of unknown origin) + -ci- (“cardiovascular”) + -zumab (“humanized monoclonal antibody”).

af

vascular endothelial growth factor
vascular endothelial growth factor

(pharmacology) An anticancer drug that is a genetically engineered monoclonal antibody administered intravenously to slow or inhibit tumor growth especially in some metastatic forms of cancer (such as colorectal cancer). It acts by binding to and inhibiting the activity of vascular endothelial growth factor, a protein that promotes the growth of new blood vessels which supply a spreading tumor. It is marketed under the trademark Avastin.


imatinib

Origin unknown; the suffix -tinib denotes a pharmaceutical drug that is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor.

(pharmacology) A drug used to treat certain types of cancer.


sorafenib

(pharmacology) A small molecule drug used to treat cancer of the kidney and liver.


neuroimaging

/ˌnjʊəɹəʊˈɪmɪdʒɪŋ/

Adrian Raine [...] recently carried out a neuroimaging experiment that supports the idea that violence arises from an imbalance between impulses from the limbic system and self-control from the frontal lobes.

2011, Steven Pinker, The Better Angels of Our Nature, Penguin, published 2012, page 722:

(neurology) The generation of images showing activity in the nervous system, usually and especially brain activity.


temsirolimus

(pharmacology) An intravenous drug for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma, a derivative of sirolimus.


sirolimus

From [Term?] + (mac)rol(ide) + -imus (“immunosuppressant”).

Streptomyces hygroscopicus
Streptomyces hygroscopicus#Translingual

(pharmacology) An immunosuppressive drug C₅₁H₇₉NO₁₃ that is a macrocyclic lactone obtained from a soil bacterium Streptomyces hygroscopicus and is taken orally especially to prevent rejection of transplanted organs.


everolimus

From [Term?] + -rolimus (“rapamycin derivative”).

(pharmacology) A derivative of rapamycin, used as an immunosuppressant to prevent rejection of organ transplants.


unipolar

Most studies have tended to find somewhat higher suicide rates in unipolar depression than in bipolar disorder

2007, Frederick K. Goodwin, Kay Redfield Jamison, Manic-Depressive Illness: Bipolar Disorders and Recurrent Depression, Volume 1, →ISBN, page 250:

(psychology, medicine) Not both depressive and manic; not bipolar.


leucocytosis

(pathology) A raised WBC (white blood cell) count, above the normal range.

hyperleukocytosis

severe subset: an especially high WBC count

neutrophilia

types, by WBC type, in order of prevalence


monovision

a monovision effect

Until recently, there wasn't much more one could do than to succumb to a pair of reading glasses, or try to correct the problem with either monovision contact lenses (one eye is corrected for distance, one for up close) or laser surgery .

2009 January 1, Camille Sweeney, “To Squint or to See the Light”, in New York Times:

(ophthalmology) A treatment for presbyopia in which one eye is treated to improve distance vision and the other eye is treated to improve close-up vision


myelodysplasia

JSLH has also approved the grading system for diagnostic accuracy of MDS and adopted this standardized diagnostic system to the educational item for certification of the laboratory hematology specialists, aiming at a nationwidely expanding morphological evaluation of myelodysplasia.

2018 May 9, K. Tohyama, “Present status and perspective of laboratory hematology in Japan: On the standardization of blood cell morphology including myelodysplasia: On behalf of the Japanese Society for Laboratory Hematology”, in International Journal of Lab Hematology, volume 40, number S1, →DOI, pages 120-125:

(pathology) Any of various conditions characterized by the faulty or inadequate production of bone marrow or blood cells.


misoprostol

From m(ethyl) + iso- + -prost- (“prostaglandin”) + -ol.

(pharmacology) A drug used for various purposes including the prevention of drug-induced gastric ulcers and the inducement of abortions, having the chemical formula C₂₂H₃₈O₅.

misoprostol

drug used for the prevention of drug-induced gastric ulcers and the inducement of abortions


cardiopathy

(medicine) Any disease or disorder of the heart.


multiresistant

en-adj

multiresistant (comparative more multiresistant, superlative most multiresistant)

more multiresistant (comparative)
most multiresistant (superlative)

(medicine) Resistant to multiple drugs (especially to multiple antibiotics).


varenicline

From vare- (of unknown origin) + -nicline (“nicotinic cholinergic receptor agonist”).

af

Farewell Zyban, hello Champix, Pfizer's name for a new compound called varenicline, which is not an anti-depressant but a ‘nicotine receptor partial agonist’.

nicotinic cell receptor
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor

(pharmacology) A drug taken orally in the form of its tartrate C₁₃H₁₃N₃·C₄H₆O₆ as an aid to stop smoking. It binds to nicotinic cell receptors to block the activity of nicotine while also acting as an agonist to reduce nicotine cravings and withdrawal symptoms. It is marketed under the trademark Chantix.


ostalgia

en-noun

ostalgia (usually uncountable, plural ostalgias)


-plasia

From New Latin -plasia, from Ancient Greek πλάσις (plásis, “molding, formation”).


sacrocaudal

(anatomy, zoology) Of or pertaining to the sacrum and the tail


sacrocaudal

(anatomy) Any of the sacrocaudal vertebrae of the sacrum


sacrolumbar

(anatomy) Of or pertaining to the sacrum and lumbar vertebrae, the loins.


sacrosciatic

(anatomy) Of, relating to, or affecting the sacrum and ischium.


sacrospinal

(anatomy) Of, relating to, or affecting the sacrum and the spinal column above it.


sacrovertebral

-ɜː(ɹ)tɪbɹəl

(anatomy) Relating to, or affecting the sacrum and the vertebrae above it.


anorgasmia

On the other hand, a woman with a major or recurrent problem (VD, unplanned pregnancies, recurrent vaginal infection, anorgasmia, etc.) needs guidance to find the root of her problem: Has she “mismotivated” herself”? Has she lost her “healthy image” of herself?

2012, Allen Lawrence, Laura Edwards, “Self-Help in Gynecological Practice”, in Martha Kirkpatrick, editor, Women’s Sexual Development: Explorations of Inner Space, page 273:

I've since discovered this side-effect isn't uncommon and has a name: PSSD (post-SSRI sexual dysfunction). I know men who also suffer with PSSD and struggle with the same genital numbness and anorgasmia, coupled with erectile dysfunction.

2018 June 8, anonymous author, “My life in sex: ‘After taking antidepressants, my genitals felt numb’”, in The Guardian:


pathography

(medicine) A biography that explores the effects of a disease on its subject's life.


sesamoiditis

(pathology) Inflammation of a sesamoid bone, usually in the foot.


zotepine

en-noun

zotepine (countable and uncountable, plural zotepines)

(pharmacology) An antipsychotic drug used to treat acute and chronic schizophrenia.


interventional

Even some interventional cardiologists have expressed concern about the many patients without symptoms who are treated surgically.

2009 January 6, Jane E. Brody, “More Isn’t Always Better in Coronary Care”, in New York Times:

coronary intervention
coronary intervention

(cardiology) Specializing in coronary intervention


nephrosclerosis

nephrosclerosis (countable and uncountable, plural nephroscleroses)

From nephro- (“kidney”) + sclerosis (“hard”).

(pathology) arteriosclerosis of the renal arteries


trench mouth

Probably coined during World War I when the disease was common among soldiers "in the trenches."

"Trench mouth" is one of the war diseases which is engaging the attention of British army doctors.

1918 June 17, “Discover New War Disease: British and French Soldiers Suffering from ‘Trench Mouth’”, in New York Times, retrieved 2009-01-07, page 7:

Vincent's angina (or trench mouth) is a distinct form of ulcerative gingivitis.

2002, Itzhak Brook MD, “Anaerobic Bacteria in Upper Respiratory Tract and other Head and Neck Infections”, in Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology, volume 111, number 5, page 433:

Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis
acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis

(idiomatic, medicine) Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis, a severe bacterial infection of the gums, typically characterized by inflammation, bleeding, deep ulceration, necrotized tissue, pain, fever, enlarged lymph nodes, fatigue, and halitosis.


acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis

acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (uncountable)

(medicine) Medical name of the form of severe gum infection popularly called trench mouth.


acute membranous gingivitis

acute membranous gingivitis (uncountable)

acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis#English

(medicine) Synonym of acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis


acute ulcerative gingivitis

acute ulcerative gingivitis (uncountable)


Vincent's infection

Named after Jean Hyacinthe Vincent, a French physician.


hypertonia

hypertonia (countable and uncountable, plural hypertonias)

(medicine) An abnormal increase in tightness of muscle tone, common in cerebral palsy.


denosumab

From arbitrary prefix den- + -os- (“bone”) + -umab (“human monoclonal antibody”).

af

(pharmacology) A drug (trademarks Prolia and Xgera) that is a genetically engineered monoclonal antibody that reduces bone resorption and increases bone mass by inhibiting osteoclast formation and function and that is administered by injection to prevent fractures associated with osteoporosis and malignant tumors of bone and to treat hypercalcemia associated with various cancers.


infliximab

From infl(ammatory) + -li- (“immunomodulating”) + -ximab (“chimeric monoclonal antibody”).

tumor necrosis factor
tumor necrosis factor

(pharmacology) An immunosuppressive drug (trademark Remicade) administered by intravenous injection especially to treat the symptoms of Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and rheumatoid arthritis. It is a chimeric monoclonal antibody prepared from humans and mice that acts by binding to and blocking the activity of tumor necrosis factor.


tiotropium

From thio- (“containing sulfur”) + -trop- (“atropine derivative”) + -ium (“quaternary ammonium compound”).

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

(pharmacology) An anticholinergic drug administered by oral inhalation in the form of its bromide C₁₉H₂₂NO₄S₂Br·H₂O as a bronchodilator in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.


uterovaginal

(anatomy) Pertaining to the uterus and vagina, or the connection between them.


nadolol

Probably from na(phthalene) + d(i)ol + -olol (“β-adrenoceptor antagonist”).

(pharmacology) A beta blocker C₁₇H₂₇NO₄ taken orally in the treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris.


obturator

From Latin obtūrō (“to stop, block up”).

(surgery) An object used to obstruct a hole, such as a fissure of the palate.

(anatomy) The membrane vessels, etc. that close the obturator foramen, or thyroid foramen, a large opening or fenestra in the anterior part of the hip bone.


propranolol

en-noun

propranolol (countable and uncountable, plural propranolols)

‘I can see from your records you were prescribed propranolol for your headaches.’

2020, Dr Amir Khan, The Doctor Will See You Now, Ebury Press (2021), page 194:

(pharmacology) A synthetic compound which acts as a beta blocker and is used mainly in the treatment of cardiac arrhythmia.


metoprolol

(pharmacology) A beta-blocking drug related to propranolol, used to treat hypertension and angina.


hypogammaglobulinemia

hypogammaglobulinemia (countable and uncountable, plural hypogammaglobulinemias)

(pathology) A type of immune disorder characterised by a reduction in all types of gamma globulins


China syndrome

China syndrome (countable and uncountable, plural China syndromes)

Popularized via the 1979 disaster thriller film The China Syndrome.

Unlike poliomyelitis, paralysis in China syndrome is symmetrical. In addition, cases are seasonal.

2006, Pan American Health Organization, chapter I, in Poliomyelitis Eradication: Field Guide, →ISBN, page 49:

(medicine) A rare disease, first characterized in the early 1990s, which resembles polio but which has somewhat different characteristics and occurs in persons vaccinated for polio.


assaultive

This man is not only very very sick, but I believe he is definitely a Potential Assaultive.

1962, Ken Kesey, One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest, New York: Signet, page 134:

Extreme assaultives were operationally defined as those who were convicted of murder, manslaughter, or attempted murder. Moderate assaultives included persons convicted of wounding with intent to cause serious bodily harm, malicious or unlawful wounding, and assault.

1980, Curt R. Bartol, chapter 8, in Criminal Behavior: A Psychosocial Approach,, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, page 223:

(psychiatry, criminology) A person who assaults others.


agammaglobulinemia

Agammaglobulinemia occurs in approximately 1 in 50 000 live births.

2008, Baert, Knauth, Sartor (editors), Pediatric Chest Imaging: Chest Imaging in Infants and Children

(medicine) A condition in which gammaglobulins such as immunoglobulins are absent from the blood, or present only in low concentrations

無丙種球蛋白血症 /无丙种球蛋白血症

condition in which gammaglobulins are absent from the blood


cardiometabolic

(pathology) Concerning both heart disease and metabolic disorders such as diabetes


derepressed

en-adj

derepressed (comparative more derepressed, superlative most derepressed)

more derepressed (comparative)
most derepressed (superlative)

(genetics, of a gene) activated by the removal of a repressor


dyskeratosis

en-noun

dyskeratosis (countable and uncountable, plural dyskeratoses)

(medicine) Incomplete or abnormal keratinization occurring prematurely within individual cells or groups of cells below the stratum granulosum.


endotoxemia

endotoxemia (countable and uncountable, plural endotoxemias)

(pathology) The presence of endotoxins in the bloodstream


ultrasonograph

Her mother is a radiology technician, conducting ultrasonographs, at the Mercer campus of the Capital Health System, in Trenton.

2009 January 11, “Inna Dexter; Benjamin Nussdorf”, in New York Times:

(medicine) A device for conducting ultrasound images


anthracnose

anthracnose (countable and uncountable, plural anthracnoses)

(phytopathology) Any of several fungal diseases that affect many plants and trees.

caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides


meningococcal

The patient had a severe meningococcal infection.

(medicine) Of, pertaining to, or caused by meningococci


overdiagnose

en-verb

overdiagnose (third-person singular simple present overdiagnoses, present participle overdiagnosing, simple past and past participle overdiagnosed)

overdiagnoses (present singular third-person)
overdiagnosing (participle present)
overdiagnosed (participle past)
overdiagnosed (past)

Dissociative identity disorder is a contentious diagnosis: some professionals say the disorder is overdiagnosed; others say it doesn't even exist.

2009 January 11, Jeanne Dorin Mcdowell, “The Four (at Least) Faces of Tara”, in New York Times:

(medicine) To diagnose something more often than it actually occurs.

(medicine) To diagnose as a clinical case what is truly a subclinical case.


atracurium

From atra- (of unknown origin) + -curium (“curare-like substance”).

af

neuromuscular junction
neuromuscular junction

(pharmacology) A muscle relaxant administered intravenously in the form of its besylate C₆₅H₈₂N₂O₁₈S₂ especially in conjunction with general anesthesia to facilitate insertion of an endotracheal tube or to relax skeletal muscles during surgery or mechanical ventilation. It counteracts the action of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine at neuromuscular junctions by binding to the same receptors it acts upon.


dantrolene

Probably from (hy)dan(toin) + (ni)tro- + (methy)l(id)ene.

(pharmacology) A postsynaptic muscle relaxant that lessens excitation–contraction coupling in muscle cells.


decamethonium

From deca- + meth(ylene) + -onium (“quaternary ammonium compound”).

decamethonium bromide
decamethonium bromide#English

(pharmacology) Synonym of decamethonium bromide.


febarbamate

From [Term?] + -barb- (“barbituric acid derivative”) + (c)arbamate.

(pharmacology) A particular muscle relaxant.


prehypertension

(medicine) A blood pressure higher than normal but not high enough to be considered hypertension.


ischiatic nerve

en-noun

ischiatic nerve (plural ischiatic nerves)

(anatomy) A particular nerve that runs down the leg from the back.


acanthocyte

From Ancient Greek ἄκανθα (ákantha, “thorn”) + κύτος (kútos, “cell”)

(hematology) A pathological, irregularly spiked red blood cell without central pallor.


heteroallele

(genetics) Any of several alternative forms of a gene that differ at different mutation sites.


hygromycin

From hygro- + -mycin, from the taxonomic designator hygroscopicus.

(medicine) A broad-spectrum antibiotic obtained from a strain of Streptomyces hygroscopicus


isoflurane

(pharmacology) A halogenated ether, 2-chloro-2-(difluoromethoxy)-1,1,1-trifluoroethane, that is used as an inhalation anesthetic.


isoproterenol

isoproterenol (countable and uncountable, plural isoproterenols)

/ˌʌɪ.səp.ɹəʊ.təˈɹiː.nɒl/

/ˌʌɪ.səʊ.pɹəʊ.təˈɹiː.nɒl/


graphospasm

graphospasm (countable and uncountable, plural graphospasms)

(medicine) Writer's cramp, muscular spasms in the thumb and forefinger that occur when writing.


otoplasty

Formed as oto- + -plasty, after the German Otoplastik; compare the earlier otoplastic and the French otoplastie.

(surgery) A procedure of plastic surgery used to change the appearance or shape of a person’s ears.


uveitis

uveitis (usually uncountable, plural uveitides)


allopolyploidy

Several important crops such as wheat, cotton and canola are of allopolyploidy that contains two or more divergent genomes, and some plants and animals exist as interspecific hybrids.

2008 November 23, Zhongfu Ni, et al., “Altered circadian rhythms regulate growth vigour in hybrids and allopolyploids”, Nature Volume 457 No. 7227, doi:10.1038/nature07523

(genetics) A form of polyploidy (having more than the usual number of chromosomes) that results from the interbreeding of different species.

alopoliploidia

polyploidy that results from the interbreeding of different species