artemisinin

en-noun

artemisinin (countable and uncountable, plural artemisinins)

Artemisinin (Qinghaosu) isolated from Artemisia annua is a novel sesquiterpene lactone bearing an unusual endoperoxide function.

1994 May, Mankil Jung, “Current Developments in the Chemistry of Artemisinin and Related Compounds”, in Current Medicinal Chemistry, page 35:

The practical value of artemisinin itself as a therapeutic agent has been limited by several factors, however. Artemisinin has a high rate of recrudescence [8], poor oral activity [8], a short half-life in plasma [9], and limited solubility in both water and oil [10].

1998, Dee Ann Casteel, “Synthesis of Simple Bridged Bicyclic Trioxanes as Analogs of the Antimalarial Natural Product, Atemisinin”, in Attaur Rahman, editor, New Trends in Natural Product, page 30:

The emerging resistance to artemisinin is partly due to the complexity of the parasite and the unstoppable nature of its ability to evolve. But it is also the direct result of greed, for which there is no drug or vaccine.
In early 2009 the World Health Organization (WHO) announced the discovery of malaria parasites along the Thai-Cambodia border that were proving resistant to commonly used derivatives of artemisinin called artesunate and anthemeter.

2010, Bill Shore, The Imaginations of Unreasonable Men, page 222:

Artemisia annua
Artemisia annua#Translingual

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) An antimalarial drug derived from the sweet wormwood shrub, Artemisia annua, found as the active ingredient in traditional Chinese medical herbal treatment for malaria, chemically a sesquiterpene lactone - C₁₅H₂₂O₅.


APEX

(medicine, nephrology) Acronym of accelerated peritoneal equilibration examination.


tumor necrosis factor

tumor necrosis factor (plural tumor necrosis factors)

(medicine, biochemistry) Any of several polypeptide hormones, produced by macrophages, that can destroy some cancer cells.


cacosmia

(medicine) A condition of perceiving odours generally as bad, or sensing imagined vile odours.


chemesthesis

(physiology) Any sensation produced when a chemical compound activates a particular receptor.


chemosis

From international scientific vocabulary, from New Latin, from Ancient Greek χυμός (khumós, “juice, fluid, humor”), with reference to edema. By surface analysis, chemo- + -osis, although this is in the nature of a false friend, as the word is not specific to exogenous chemical–induced cases of conjunctival irritation.

der

(medicine) Swelling and/or (especially) edema of the conjunctiva of the eye.

chemosis
international scientific vocabulary


heteromeric

(anatomy) Describing neurons in the spinal cord that have processes passing through to the opposite side of the cord.


pericyte

Since 1873, when Rouget regarded pericytes as contractile elements (Rouget 1874), the discussion concerning this ability has never ceased. Pericytes are likely to respond to vasoactive molecules such as nitric oxide, prostacyclin, angiotensin II, and endothelin-1, because they express respective receptors (Dehouck et al., 1997, Chakravarthy and Gardiner, 1999, Healy and Wilk, 1993).

2007, Martin Krũger, Ingo Bechmann, “Pericytes”, in Thomas E. Lane, Monica Carson, Conni Bergmann, Tony Wyss-Coray, editors, Central Nervous System Diseases and Inflammation, page 39:

2008, Frederick Pfister, Yuxi Feng, Hans-Peter Hammes, Pericyte Loss in the Diabetic Retina, Elia Duh, Diabetic Retinopathy, Humana Press, page 249,
However, due to the morphological similarities of rodent retinal capillary endothelial cells and pericytes, markers allowing for the distinction of retinal capillary cells were crucial for quantitative analysis.

This vessel is assembled by mesonephros-derived endothelial stem cells and subsequently becomes stabilized by pericytes. The pericytes are either produced by the endothelial stem cells or acquired from pericyte progenitors located close by, presumably representing reticular stroma components of the aorta-gonad-mesonephros region known to contain a large number of different stem cell types.

2009, Michail S. Davidoff, Ralf Middendorff, Dieter Müller, Adolf F. Holstein, The Neuroendocrine Leydig Cells and their Stem Cell Progenitors, the Pericytes, Springer, page 106:

(biology, physiology) A type of mesenchymal cell which in aggregation forms a contractile wrapping around a capillary.


premotor

(anatomy) Near the front of the motor cortex.

(physiology) Describing the interval between the arrival of a stimulus and the first changes in a muscle.


clastogen

From Ancient Greek κλαστός (klastós) + -gen.

Chromosomal mutations are recognised as morphological alterations in the gross structure of chromosomes (i.e. they are structural aberrations which can be detected microscopically). Compounds that cause chromosome damage are called clastogens.

2009, Lutz Müller, Anke Lühe, “Preclinical safety testing”, in John P. Griffin, editor, The Textbook of Pharmaceutical Medicine, 6th edition, Wiley-Blackwell, →ISBN, page 120:

(genetics) Any agent that causes breaks in chromosomes.


cocarcinogen

(medicine) Any agent than can cause the onset of cancer only when working with carcinogenic agents


cytogenetics

(biology, genetics) The branch of genetics that studies the relationships between the structure and number of chromosomes as seen in isolated cells and variation in genotype and phenotype.

cytogénétique

the branch of genetics that studies the relationships between the structure and number of chromosomes


detoxication

(medicine) Any treatment of a patient suffering from poisoning that promotes physiological process to reduce the effects


cromolyn

en-noun

cromolyn (countable and uncountable, plural cromolyns)

Two distinct anti-allergic drugs, amlexanox and cromolyn, bind to the same kinds of calcium binding proteins, except calmodulin, in bovine lung extract.

2006, Journal of the National Cancer Institute:

(pharmacology) A chemical substance, acting as a mast cell stabilizer.


prescription drug

prescription drug (plural prescription drugs)

2007, Steven Wilson, "Normal", Porcupine Tree, Nil Recurring.
Prescription drugs, they help me through the day / And that restraining order keeps me well at bay / And what's normal now, anyway?

(pharmacology) A licensed medicine that is regulated by legislation to require a prescription before it can be obtained.


nedocromil

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) A medication used to prevent wheezing, shortness of breath, and other breathing problems caused by asthma.


clinical trial

(medicine) A test of a medication or other medical treatment (such as a medical device), usually a comparison against a placebo, other medications or devices, or the standard medical treatment for a patient's condition.


ecogenetics

(genetics) The branch of genetics that studies the influence of hereditary factors on the response of organisms to their environment


allergic rhinitis

(pathology, immunology) A group of symptoms similar to those of a cold such as runny nose and sore throat, caused by an allergic reaction to an allergen such as dust, plant pollens or animal dander.


enterohepatic

(physiology) Of or pertaining to both the liver and the intestine

enterohepaattinen

of or pertaining to both liver and intestines


epigastrium

In cases of extreme thickening of the coats of the stomach, of a scirrhoid character, where the suffering patients are almost worn out with constant pain, such remedies, applied over the epigastrium, most materially alleviate the distress.

1839, Robley Dunglison, Dunglison's American medical library:

(anatomy) The upper middle region of the abdomen, between the umbilical and hypochondriac regions.


epithelioma

epithelioma (plural epitheliomas or epitheliomata)

epitheliomas (plural)
epitheliomata (plural)

(medicine) Any tumor that originates in the epithelium


exothelium

(anatomy) A layer of flattened epithelial cells around an organ.


pyramidal tract

pyramidal tract (plural pyramidal tracts)

(anatomy) A major collection of axons that transmits nerve impulses from the motor cortex to the spinal cord.


columellar

(biology, anatomy) Of or pertaining to a columella.


glottic

(anatomy, relational) Of or pertaining to the glottis or the tongue.


hemotoxin

(chiefly cytology) Any toxin that destroys red blood cells


hematuria

hematuria (countable and uncountable, plural hematurias)

(pathology) The presence of blood in the urine

بَوْل دَمَوِيّ m (bawl damawiyy, literally “bloody urine”)

بِيلَة دَمَوِيَّة f (bīla(t) damawiyya, literally “bloody urination”)

erythruria

red-tinged urine requires differential diagnosis of the internal source

urethrorrhagia

bleeding from an orifice requires differential diagnosis of the internal source


hemoglobinuria

hemoglobinuria (countable and uncountable, plural hemoglobinurias)

(medicine) The presence of hemoglobin in the urine.


hemolysin

(medicine) Any substance (often an exotoxin) that damages the membranes of red blood cells and thus releases hemoglobin.

hemolisina

any substance that damages the membranes of red blood cells


hemoperfusion

(medicine) A procedure in which drugs or toxins are removed from a patient's blood by passing it through a column of charcoal or other adsorbent material


hyperalimentation

(medicine) The administration or ingestion of unusually large amounts of nutrients.


hyperbilirubinemia

hyperbilirubinemia (countable and uncountable, plural hyperbilirubinemias)

(pathology) An unusually large concentration of bilirubin in the blood.


hyperparathyroidism

hyperparathyroidism (countable and uncountable, plural hyperparathyroidisms)

Coordinate term: euparathyroidism

(medicine) An abnormal increase in parathyroid gland activity.


hypoxemia

hypoxemia (countable and uncountable, plural hypoxemias)

By surface analysis, hyp- + ox- + -emia.

The most profound abnormality determines the oxygen deficiency category ... of hypoxemia.

1984, Alan Morris, Richard Kanner, Robert Crapo, Reed Gardner, Clinical Pulmonary Function Testing. A manual of uniform laboratory procedures, 2nd edition:

(medicine) An abnormal deficiency in the concentration of oxygen in the blood, be it the partial pressure of oxygen (mm Hg), the content of oxygen (ml oxygen per dl of blood) or the per cent saturation of the blood's hemoglobin, singly or in combination.


icterus

icterus (usually uncountable, plural icteruses)

From the Latin icterus, from the Ancient Greek ἴκτερος (íkteros, “jaundice”).

der

(medicine) An excess of bile pigments in the blood; jaundice.


Reye's syndrome

Reye's syndrome and Jamaican vomiting sickness are disorders of mitochondrial dysfunction, while MCAD is a defect in mitochondrial beta oxidation of fatty acids.

1997, Norman Gitlin, The Liver and Systemic Disease, page 277:

(pathology) A potentially fatal disease that causes numerous detrimental effects to many organs, especially the brain and liver.


immunogen

(immunology) Any substance that elicits an immune response; an antigen


immunopotentiation

en-noun

immunopotentiation (countable and uncountable, plural immunopotentiations)

(immunology) The accentuation of an immune response by the administration of another substance (an adjuvant).


immunosorbent

(immunology) An antibody that is used to remove a specific antigen from a mixture.

(immunology) An antigen that is used to remove a specific antibody from a mixture.


immunotoxic

en-adj

immunotoxic (comparative more immunotoxic, superlative most immunotoxic)

more immunotoxic (comparative)
most immunotoxic (superlative)

(immunology) Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of an immunotoxin; toxic to the immune system


methemoglobinemia

en-noun

methemoglobinemia (countable and uncountable, plural methemoglobinemias)

(medicine) Presence of excess methemoglobin in the blood; the form of toxic anemia characterized by it.


microalbuminuria

(pathology) The chronic presence of a small excess of albumin in the urine


micromercurialism

(medicine) Any subclinical effect of prolonged exposure to small amounts of mercury.


micronucleated

(genetics, medicine) Describing a cell that has been damaged by a genotoxin, in which a micronucleus forms during mitosis.


microproteinemia

(medicine) The chronic presence of microprotein (especially microglobulin) in the blood; a sign of renal damage


multifactorial

(genetics, of a trait) Involving multiple genetic or environmental factors.


myasthenia

myasthenia (countable and uncountable, plural myasthenias)

From my- (“relating to muscle”) + asthenia (“weakness”), from Ancient Greek ἀσθένεια (asthéneia, “weakness”).

uder

(medicine) Abnormal weakness of the muscles; but especially myasthenia gravis.


myelosuppression

(medicine) A reduction of bone marrow activity that leads to a lower concentration of platelets, red blood cells and white blood cells


noncoding

We have identified an miR-1246 target site in the noncoding region of F8 mRNA and were able to confirm the suppressory role of hsa-miR-1246 on F8 expression in a stable lymphoblastoid cell line expressing FVIII. These findings suggest several testable hypotheses vis-à-vis the role of nc-RNAs in the regulation of F8 expression.

2015 July 16, “Small ncRNA Expression-Profiling of Blood from Hemophilia A Patients Identifies miR-1246 as a Potential Regulator of Factor 8 Gene”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(genetics, of a portion of DNA) That does not code for protein.


ochratoxin

(toxicology) Any of a class of mycotoxins, having an isocoumarin structure, produced by some fungi of the genus Aspergillus and others


oliguria

en-noun

oliguria (countable and uncountable, plural oligurias)

From olig- + -uria, from Ancient Greek ὀλίγοι (olígoi, “few”) + Latin -ūria, from Ancient Greek -ουρία (-ouría), from οὖρον (oûron, “urine”).

(medicine) A decreased production in the volume of urine.

ဆီးချုပ်ရောဂါ

a decreased production in the volume of urine


oncogenesis

(medicine) The formation and development of tumors.


onycholysis

(medicine) The loosening or separation of a fingernail or toenail from its bed


osteodystrophy

osteodystrophy (countable and uncountable, plural osteodystrophies)

(medicine) Any abnormal or defective development of a bone


osteogenesis

osteogenesis (countable and uncountable, plural osteogeneses)

(physiology) The formation and development of bone.


osteomalacia

osteomalacia (countable and uncountable, plural osteomalacias)

(medicine) A softening of adult bones due to inadequate mineralization; the adult equivalent of rickets

osteomalasia

medicine: a softening of adult bones due to inadequate mineralization


osteosclerosis

osteosclerosis (countable and uncountable, plural osteoscleroses)


parasympatholytic

en-adj

parasympatholytic (comparative more parasympatholytic, superlative most parasympatholytic)

more parasympatholytic (comparative)
most parasympatholytic (superlative)

(medicine) That blocks the action of the parasympathetic nervous system; anticholinergic


pectenotoxin

diarrhetic shellfish poisoning
diarrhetic shellfish poisoning

(toxicology) Any of a class of cyclic polyether toxins, produced by dinoflagellates, associated with diarrhetic shellfish poisoning


percutaneous

(surgery) Taking place through the skin and involving a puncture thereof.


perfusion

en-noun

perfusion (countable and uncountable, plural perfusions)

From Middle French perfusion, from Latin perfusio (“the act of pouring over”).

uder

(medicine) The introduction of a drug or nutrients through the bloodstream in order to reach an internal organ or tissues.


peritubular

peritubular dentin

(medicine) Surrounding a tubule or tubules, especially the uriniferous tubules.


plasmapheresis

en-noun

plasmapheresis (countable and uncountable, plural plasmaphereses)

From New Latin plasma + Ancient Greek ἀφαίρεσις (aphaíresis, “removal”).

der

(medicine) A procedure in which whole blood is removed from a donor or patient and centrifuged to isolate blood cells that are resuspended in a compatible solution and re-injected into the donor or patient.


pneumonitis

en-noun

pneumonitis (countable and uncountable, plural pneumonitides or pneumonites)

pneumonitides (plural)
pneumonites (plural)

From the post-Classical Latin pneumonitis.

(pathology) Inflammation of the tissue of the lungs.


potentiation

potentiation (countable and uncountable, plural potentiations)

Tim Bliss and Terje Lomo^(1,2) first reported the phenomenon of long-term potentiation (LTP), an increase in synaptic efficacy following synaptic activity, over 30 years ago. Since then, LTP has generated enormous interest....

2007, Martha L. Escobar with Brian Derrick, “Long-Term Potentiation and Depression as Putative Mechanisms for Memory Formation”, in Federico Bermúdez-Rattoni, editor, Neural Plasticity and Memory, CRC Press, retrieved 2009-12-05:

(medicine) the synergistic effect of two drugs given simultaneously


precordial

(anatomy) Of or pertaining to the precordium


precordium

(anatomy) The region of the body over the heart and thorax.


saturnia

(medicine) pain in a joint due to lead poisoning.


scleroderma

scleroderma (countable and uncountable, plural sclerodermas)

From New Latin sclēroderma, from Ancient Greek σκληρός (sklērós, “hard”) + δέρμα (dérma, “skin, hide”). By surface analysis, sclero- + -derma.

(medicine) A chronic systemic autoimmune disease characterized by hardening the skin or other organs through excessive deposits of collagen.


siderosis

siderosis (countable and uncountable, plural sideroses)

en:type of pneumoconiosis from inhalation of iron dust

(medicine) A form of pneumoconiosis caused by the inhalation of iron dust.

sideroosi

(medicine) The accumulation of hemosiderin in various organs of the body by people with a diet rich in iron.


stannosis

(medicine) A form of pneumoconiosis due to inhalation of tin dust


subacute

en-adj

subacute (comparative more subacute, superlative most subacute)

more subacute (comparative)
most subacute (superlative)

(medicine, usually) Longer in duration than acute but shorter in duration than chronic.

(general vocabulary, often) Lesser in severity than acute.

Less than acute, as:
Lesser in severity than acute.


subacute

(medicine, dated) A patient whose condition is less than acute.


subthreshold

subthreshold (comparative more subthreshold, superlative most subthreshold)

more subthreshold (comparative)
most subthreshold (superlative)


sudorific

sudorific (comparative more sudorific, superlative most sudorific)

more sudorific (comparative)
most sudorific (superlative)

From New Latin sudorificus, from sūdor (“sweat”) (from Proto-Indo-European *sweyd- (“sweat; to sweat”)) + -ificus (from Proto-Italic *-fakos (suffix forming adjectives that denote bringing or making), ultimately related to Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁- (“to do, put, place”)).

der

The treatment of the "Charity [Hôpital de la Charité, Paris]," as administered now, consists in an assemblage of numerous substances endowed with different properties. It is as follows: First day, cassia water; simple sudorific ptisan, purgative clyster in the morning, anodyne clyster in the evening, theriaca one ounce, opium 1 gr.

1848, L. Tanquerel des Planches, “Treatment”, in Samuel L[uther] Dana, transl., Lead Diseases: A Treatise from the French of L. Tanquerel des Planches, with Notes and Additions on the Use of Lead Pipe and Its Substitutes, Lowell, Mass.: Daniel Bixby and Company, →OCLC, page 152:

That the skin is much affected under the sense of great fear, we see in the marvellous and inexplicable manner in which perspiration immediately exudes from it. This exudation is all the more remarkable, as the surface is then cold, and hence the term a cold sweat; whereas, the sudorific glands are properly excited into action when the surface is heated.

1872, Charles Darwin, “Surprise—Astonishment—Fear—Horror”, in The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals, London: John Murray, Albemarle Street, →OCLC, page 290:

The fortunes of the Helvetius family [i.e., the family of Johann Friedrich Schweitzer] were established firmly upon the sudorific, expectorant and emetic qualities of the root of ipecacuanha.

1955, Ian Cumming, “The Wisdom of Our Ancestors”, in Helvetius: His Life and Place in the History of Educational Thought (International Library of Sociology and Social Reconstruction; Sociological Approach to the Study of History), London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, →OCLC; reprinted as Helvetius: His Life and Place in the History of Educational Thought (The International Library of Sociology), London: Routledge, 2001, →ISBN, page 1:

(chiefly pharmacology) That produces sweating.


sudorific

[A]s it was obſerved that acute diſtempers are ſometimes terminated by a critical ſweat, it was concluded that the moſt powerful ſudorifics were the beſt means of accompliſhing this deſirable end. This gave riſe to the deſtructive and fatal practice, which ſoon became univerſal, of adminiſtering heating remedies in diſeaſes of an inflammatory nature: […]

1770, Thomas Percival, “Essay I. The Empiric.”, in Essays Medical and Experimental on the Following Subjects, viz. I. The Empiric. II. The Dogmatic. { Or, Arguments For and Against the Use of Theory and Reasoning in Physick. III. Experiments and Observations on Astringents and Bitters. IV. On the Uses and Operations of Blisters. V. On the Resemblance between Chyle and Milk, London: Printed for T. Lowndes, No. 77, in Fleet-street, →OCLC, pages 36–37:

The whole of this hill is covered with the wild sage, the salvia pomifera, […] It enters into the materia medica of the modern Greeks, and is taken as tea, and used as a sudorific in feverish cases.

1819, Edward Dodwell, chapter VI, in A Classical and Topographical Tour through Greece, during the Years 1801, 1805, and 1806. … In Two Volumes, volume II, London: Printed for Rodwell and Martin, New Bond-Street, →OCLC, page 228:

Fortunately the fever attacked me in the district town at the inn; I sent for the doctor. In half-an-hour the district doctor appeared, a thin, dark-haired man of middle height. He prescribed me the usual sudorific, ordered a mustard-plaster to be put on, very deftly slid a five-rouble note up his sleeve, coughing drily and looking away as he did so, and then was getting up to go home, but somehow fell into talk and remained.

1895, Ivan Turgenev, “The District Doctor”, in Constance Garnett, transl., A Sportsman’s Sketches [...] Translated from the Russian (The Novels of Ivan Turgenev; VIII), volume I, New York, N.Y.: Macmillan and Co., →OCLC, page 56:

(pharmacology) A medicine that produces sweating.


suxamethonium

From suxa- (“alteration of succinyl”) + meth(ylene) + -onium (“quaternary ammonium compound”).

af

suxamethonium chloride
suxamethonium chloride#English

(pharmacology) Synonym of suxamethonium chloride.


sympatholytic

en-adj

sympatholytic (comparative more sympatholytic, superlative most sympatholytic)

more sympatholytic (comparative)
most sympatholytic (superlative)

sympathetic nervous system
sympathetic nervous system

(medicine) That opposes the stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system.


sympatholytic

(pharmacology) Any medicine having this effect.


sympathomimetic

sympathomimetic (comparative more sympathomimetic, superlative most sympathomimetic)

more sympathomimetic (comparative)
most sympathomimetic (superlative)

(medicine) That produces effects similar to those of the sympathetic nervous system.


sympathomimetic

(medicine) Any medicine with this effect.


synovial

From synovia + -al, related to New Latin synoviālis.

(anatomy) Relating to or denoting a type of joint which is surrounded by a thick flexible membrane forming a sac into which is secreted a viscous fluid that lubricates the joint.

(anatomy) Of, relating to, or secreting synovial fluid.


tachypnoea

en-noun

tachypnoea (usually uncountable, plural tachypnoeas)


transcriptomics

(genetics) The study of the transcriptome of a species or individual


tumorigenic

en-adj

tumorigenic (comparative more tumorigenic, superlative most tumorigenic)

more tumorigenic (comparative)
most tumorigenic (superlative)


anticoagulated

anticoagulated (comparative more anticoagulated, superlative most anticoagulated)

more anticoagulated (comparative)
most anticoagulated (superlative)

(medicine) That has been treated with an anticoagulant


antifolate

(pharmacology) That inhibits the activity of folic acid

antifolato

that inhibits the activity of folic acid


antifolate

(pharmacology) Any drug that inhibits the activity of folic acid; a folate antagonist

antifolato

any drug that inhibits the activity of folic acid


ceftriaxone

From cef- (“cefalosporanic acid derivative”) + tria(zine) + [Term?] + -one.

af

Ofloxacin and ceftriaxone had the highest sensitivity pattern to these uropathogens.

2015 July 24, Fidelis Agwu Onu et al., “Profile and microbiological isolates of asymptomatic bacteriuria among pregnant women in Abakaliki, Nigeria”, in Infection and Drug Resistance, volume 8, →DOI:

(pharmacology) A synthetic cephalosporin antibiotic.


debrisoquine

(pharmacology) A drug (derived from isoquinoline) used in the treatment of hypertension


methotrexate

en-noun

methotrexate (countable and uncountable, plural methotrexates)

methotrexates (plural)
MTX (abbreviation)

/ˌmɛθ.əˈtɹɛkˌseɪt/

Probably from metho- + tre- (“alteration of pteridine”) + (carbo)x(yl)ate.

af

One group would be treated with intensive methotrexate dosing, while the other group would be treated with milder and less intensive dosing.

2010, Siddhartha Mukherjee, The Emperor of All Maladies, Fourth Estate, published 2011, page 133:

(pharmacology) An antimetabolite and antifolate drug used in treatment of cancer, autoimmune diseases, and ectopic pregnancies.


normoglycemic

(pathology) Having the normal amount of glucose in the blood


syngenic

en-adj

syngenic (comparative more syngenic, superlative most syngenic)

more syngenic (comparative)
most syngenic (superlative)


etiopathogenetic

(pathology) Describing any factor that is the cause of the development of a disease


immunoreceptor

(immunology) A family of receptors found on leukocytes that regulate cell activity in an immune response.


phenotyping

en-noun

phenotyping (countable and uncountable, plural phenotypings)

(genetics) The construction, recording and analysis of phenotypes


serodiscordant

(immunology) Of a couple with one partner HIV positive and the other HIV negative.


electuary

From Middle English electuarie, eletuarie, electuary, from Latin electuarium, from Ancient Greek ἐκλείκτον (ekleíkton, “medicine which is licked away”), from ἐκλείχω (ekleíkhō, “I lick up”), from ἐκ (ek, “out, from”) + λείχω (leíkhō, “I lick”). Doublet of lekvar.

der

℞. the three kinds of Saunders, and Diarrhodon Abbatis, ana. ℈. j. the bone of the Harts heart one in number, Sugar roſate tabulate, of white Sugar diſſolued in Roſe water as much as ſufficeth, make an Electuarie, gild it with leaues of pure gold in weight, ℥. ß.

1624, Philip Barrough [i.e., Philip Barrow], “Of Electuaries, and Conserues: of Lozenges, and Manus Christi”, in The Method of Physick, Contaning^([sic]) the Cavses, Signes, and Cvres of Inward Diseases in Mans Body, from the Head to the Foote. Whereunto is Added, The Forme and Rule of Making Remedies and Medicines, which Our Physitions Commonly Vse at this Day, with the Proportion, Quantity, and Names of Each Medicine, 6th edition, book VII, London: Imprinted by Richard Field, dwelling in great Woodstreete, →OCLC, page 402:

(pharmacology) Any preparation of a medicine mixed with honey or other sweetener in order to make it more palatable to swallow.

elettuario

preparation of a medicine mixed with a sweetener


endometritis

en-noun

endometritis (usually uncountable, plural endometritides)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-endometritis.wav

(medicine) Inflammation of the endometrium.


avermectin

(medicine) Any of a class of macrocyclic lactones, produced by Streptomyces bacteria, that are used medically to kill parasites


interneuron

The interneuron is a major neuroarchitectural element within the arthropod central nervous system, both in terms of numbers and diversity of form.

1995, G. S. Boyan, J. L. D. Williams, “Lineage analysis as a diagnostic tool in the insect central nervous system: Bringing order to interneurons”, in O. Breidbach, Wolfram Kutsch, editors, The Nervous Systems of Invertebrates: An Evolutionary and Comparative Approach, page 273:

Another important difference between interneuron and pyramidal cell spines is the number of synaptic boutons. The spines of interneurons are covered by numerous excitatory synaptic boutons (four to eight synapses per spine).

2007, Nelson Spruston, Chris McBain, “5: Structural and Functional Properties of Hippocampal Neurons”, in Per Andersen, Richard Morris David Amaral, Tim Bliss, John O'Keefe, editors, The Hippocampus Book, page 184:

Embedded within these spinal circuits are local interneurons. An interneuron is generally defined as a neuron that only synapses onto other neurons. In the central nervous system, interneurons are considered to be the neurons that have local rather than long-distance projections.

2011, Susan A. Duchars, “8: Spinal Interneurons in the Control of Autonomic Function”, in Ida J. Llewellyn-Smith, Anthony J. M. Verberne, editors, Central Regulation of Autonomic Functions, 2nd edition, page 140:

(anatomy) A multipolar neuron that connects afferent and efferent neurons.


microcapsule

Similar studies of rats have employed four different intracranial resorbable, slow sustained release systems—surgical foam, a thermal gel depot, a microcapsule or biodegradable polymer beads.

2013 May-June, Charles T. Ambrose, “Alzheimer’s Disease”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 3, page 200:

(medicine) A very small capsule designed to release its contents when broken (typically, after being swallowed).


VRE

(medicine, microbiology) vancomycin-resistant enterococcus


VRSA

Staphylococcus aureus
Staphylococcus aureus#Translingual

(medicine, microbiology) Initialism of vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.


vCJD

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

(medicine) variant CJD, a form of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease


nvCJD

(medicine, obsolete) Initialism of new variant CJD, a form of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease


exogenic

en-adj

exogenic (comparative more exogenic, superlative most exogenic)

more exogenic (comparative)
most exogenic (superlative)

(medicine, dermatology) Relating to the exogen growth phase.


neuromorphic

(neuroscience) That mimic and implement neuro-biological architectures present in the nervous system to be used in a practical computing system.


postgenomic

postgenomic (comparative more postgenomic, superlative most postgenomic)

more postgenomic (comparative)
most postgenomic (superlative)

(genetics) Describing any of various fields of study that are only possible after the publication of the genome of an organism.


postgenomics

(genetics) Any of various fields of study that are only possible after the publication of the genome of an organism


immunoglobulin E

(immunology) A class of antibody (or immunoglobulin "isotype") found in mammals.


immunoglobin

(immunology, biochemistry) Any protein that functions as an antibody


metabonomics

Metabonomics broadly aims to measure the global, dynamic metabolic response of living systems to biological stimuli or genetic manipulation. The focus is on understanding systemic change through time in complex multicellular systems. Metabolomics seeks an analytical description of complex biological samples, and aims to characterize and quantify all the small molecules in such a sample.

2008 October 22, Jeremy K. Nicholson, John C. Lindon, “Metabonomics”, in Nature, →DOI:

All metabonomics studies result in complex multivariate data sets the require visualisation software and chemometric and bioinformatic methods for interpretation.

2011, The Handbook of Metabonomics and Metabolomics, page 11:

Metabonomics has great potential for intensive care medicine, where patients are complex and understanding the relationship of host factors, disease and treatment effects is key to improving care.

2016 March 16, David Antcliffe, Anthony C. Gordon, “Metabonomics and intensive care”, in Critical Care, →DOI:

(biochemistry, genetics) The study of the metabolic responses of organisms to stimuli such as disease or injury.


vaginalitis

(pathology) Vaginitis of the tunica vaginalis testis.


ornithosis

en-noun

ornithosis (countable and uncountable, plural ornithoses)

(medicine) A zoonotic infectious disease (of birds) caused by a bacterium called Chlamydia psittaci, it can be transmitted to humans and other animals. When carried by any species of bird belonging to the Psittacidae family (parrots), it is called psittacosis or parrot fever.


dyssynchrony

(medicine) A medical condition wherein the activation of different parts of the heart is improperly synchronized.

(medicine) A neurological condition wherein auditory stimuli are not processed synchronously.


proto-oncogene

Typically, proto-oncogenes are normal cellular genes that, when activated by mutation or overexpression, promote cancer.

2010, Siddhartha Mukherjee, The Emperor of All Maladies, Fourth Estate (2011), page 534:

(genetics) A gene, promoting the specialization and division of normal cells, that could become an oncogene due to mutation.

esisyöpägeeni

gene promoting the specialization and division of normal cells that could become an oncogene due to mutation


cyesis

cyesis (usually uncountable, plural cyeses)


deadenylate

en-verb

deadenylate (third-person singular simple present deadenylates, present participle deadenylating, simple past and past participle deadenylated)

deadenylates (present singular third-person)
deadenylating (participle present)
deadenylated (participle past)
deadenylated (past)

(biochemistry, genetics) To remove an adenylate group from a protein; especially to activate an enzyme by this means


EOL

en-noun

EOL (countable and uncountable, plural EOLs)

(medicine) Initialism of end-of-life: period immediately prior to dying.


VOR

VOR (countable and uncountable, plural VORs)

vestibulo-ocular reflex
w:vestibulo-ocular reflex

(physiology) Initialism of vestibulo-ocular reflex, a reflex eye movement.


(medicine, biology) Abbreviation of carbon dioxide production.


antiport

(cytology) A structure in a cell membrane that simultaneously transports different molecules or ions through the membrane in opposite directions

antiporte

a structure in a cell membrane that simultaneously transports different molecules or ions through the membrane in opposite directions


chromodomain

(genetics, biochemistry) A sequence of amino acids, common to the protein of many species, that is responsible for the manipulation of chromatin.


dinucleosome

(biochemistry, genetics) A short complex of nucleosomes that is formed as the first step in the production of chromatin


encephalitozoonosis

encephalitozoonosis (countable and uncountable, plural encephalitozoonoses)

(medicine) A disease in many mammals, characterized by brain lesions, due to infection by encephalitozoon protozoa.


endocytic

(cytology) Of or pertaining to endocytosis


etoposide

Etoposide came from the fruit of the poisonous mayapple.

2010, Siddhartha Mukherjee, The Emperor of All Maladies, Fourth Estate (2011), page 206:

BRCA1 sensitizes cells to apoptosis induced by antimicrotubulin agents like taxanes and vinca alkaloids and also abrogates the effect of DNA-damaging agents like cisplatin and etoposide [ 41 ].

2012 September 19, Alphy Rose-James, Sreelekha TT, “Molecular Markers with Predictive and Prognostic Relevance in Lung Cancer”, in Lung cancer international, volume 2012, →DOI:

(medicine) A derivative of podophyllotoxin that is used in the treatment of some cancers by inhibiting mitosis.


immunostained

(cytology) stained by means of immunostaining.


osteoclast

From osteo- (“bone”) + -clast (“break”).

Inhibition of osteoclast activation and differentiation is an effective strategy for blocking bone resorption.

2022, Yajing Yang, Zhipeng Zeng, with Lei Yuan, Hong Cao, Jianmin Guo, and Xuchang Zhou, “Application and Molecular Mechanisms of Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Osteoporosis”, in Current issues in molecular biology, volume 44, number 12, →DOI:

(physiology, cytology) A large multinuclear cell associated with the resorption of bone.

(surgery) An instrument for performing osteoclasis.


osteopetrosis

osteopetrosis (countable and uncountable, plural osteopetroses)

From osteo- + Ancient Greek πέτρα (pétra, “rock”) + -osis.

af

(pathology) A rare hereditary disorder characterized by hard, dense bones.


discoid

(dentistry) A disk-shaped dental excavator designed to remove the carious dentin of a decayed tooth


microcitoma

small cell lung cancer
small cell lung cancer

(medicine) small cell lung cancer (SCLC)


vectorize

en-verb

vectorize (third-person singular simple present vectorizes, present participle vectorizing, simple past and past participle vectorized)

vectorizes (present singular third-person)
vectorizing (participle present)
vectorized (participle past)
vectorized (past)

[…] peculiarities of the CNT structure can be used to vectorize drugs and other chemicals.

2018, Shyam Mohapatra et al., editors, Nanocarriers for Drug Delivery: Nanoscience and Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Elsevier, →ISBN, page 475:

(pharmacology) To lead selectively a drug to a target.


disclination

en-noun

disclination (countable and uncountable, plural disclinations)


extorsion

extorsion (countable and uncountable, plural extorsions)

(medicine) An outward rotation of a limb, organ or part of the eye.


antihemorrhagic

en-adj

antihemorrhagic (comparative more antihemorrhagic, superlative most antihemorrhagic)

more antihemorrhagic (comparative)
most antihemorrhagic (superlative)

(pharmacology) That stops or reduces hemorrhage.


antihemorrhagic

(pharmacology) Any drug etc. that stops or reduces hemorrhage.

anti-hemorrágico

any drug etc. that stops or reduces hemorrhage


antirachitic

antirachitic (comparative more antirachitic, superlative most antirachitic)

more antirachitic (comparative)
most antirachitic (superlative)

(medicine) That cures or prevents rickets.


nephromegaly

(pathology) The process whereby a kidney or both kidneys become enlarged.


digitalize

en-verb

digitalize (third-person singular simple present digitalizes, present participle digitalizing, simple past and past participle digitalized)

digitalizes (present singular third-person)
digitalizing (participle present)
digitalized (participle past)
digitalized (past)

From digital + -ize (“to make”) or digitalis + -ize.

The dosage should be sufficient to produce satisfactory digitalization but it is our impression that it is less hazardous to digitalize with moderate rapidity than by using a massive dose.

1951 January, Irving S. Wright, “The treatment of coronary thrombosis with myocardial infarction”, in Veterans Administration Technical Bulletins (10), volume IV, U.S. Government Printing Office, page 3:


calcitriol

From calci- (“vitamin D analog/derivative”) + triol.

af

(biochemistry, pharmacology) A physiologically active metabolic derivative C₂₇H₄₄O₃ of cholecalciferol (1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol) that is synthesized in the liver and kidney and stimulates the intestinal absorption of calcium.


fibrate

(medicine) Any of a class of amphipathic drugs that affect lipid metabolism


hyperlipidemia

en-noun

hyperlipidemia (countable and uncountable, plural hyperlipidemias)

(medicine) An excess quantity of lipid in the blood; a symptom of several medical conditions.


hyperlipoproteinemia

hyperlipoproteinemia (countable and uncountable, plural hyperlipoproteinemias)

(medicine) A form of hyperlipidemia in which there is an excess of lipoprotein in the blood


hypertriglyceridemia

hypertriglyceridemia (countable and uncountable, plural hypertriglyceridemias)

(medicine) A form of hyperlipidemia in which there is an excess of triglycerides in the blood


hypocholesterolemia

(medicine) A form of hypolipidemia in which there is a deficiency of cholesterol in the blood


argonaute

(biochemistry, genetics) Any of a group of proteins responsible for the gene silencing phenomenon known as RNA interference

Argonauta

any of a group of proteins responsible for RNA interference


enucleation

enucleation (countable and uncountable, plural enucleations)

From Latin ēnucleātus, perfect passive participle of ēnucleō (“to remove the kernel, stone, etc. from (a fruit, grape)”). Equivalent to enucleate + -ion.

(surgery) The surgical removal of an intact organ, especially of the eye and of cysts and tumors.


genual

PIE word
 *ǵónu
From New Latin genuālis, from Latin genū (“knee”).

The phyllocoptine species Paraciota tetracanthae Mohanasundaram (1984) exemplifies a minimal number of leg setae in lacking all but the genual seta of leg I and the tarsal setae of both legs.

1996, E.E. Linquist, Eriophyoid Mites: Their Biology, Natural Enemies and Control, page 23:

(anatomy) Of or pertaining to a genu or to the knee.


AION

anterior isch(a)emic optic neuropathy
w:anterior ischemic optic neuropathy

(ophthalmology) Initialism of anterior isch(a)emic optic neuropathy.


intraocular

(ophthalmology) Inside or within the eye.


NAION

(ophthalmology) Initialism of non-arteritic AION.


AAION

(ophthalmology) Initialism of arteritic AION, Arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy (UK), Arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (US).


intergenic

(genetics) Describing the noncoding sections of nucleic acid between genes


anembryonic

en-adj

anembryonic (comparative more anembryonic, superlative most anembryonic)

more anembryonic (comparative)
most anembryonic (superlative)


tropho-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek τροφή (trophḗ, “nourishment”).

bor

(biology, medicine, zoology) nourish; nourishment.


anembryonic pregnancy

en-noun

anembryonic pregnancy (countable and uncountable, plural anembryonic pregnancies)

(medicine) A form of early miscarried pregnancy in which the embryo fails to develop, though the gestational sac appears to grow normally.

gestação anembrionária

pregnancy in which the embryo fails to develop, though the gestational sac grows normally


lipemia

lipemia (countable and uncountable, plural lipemias)

The absence of lipemia in the 28 cases undergoing treatment, although many of them were severe, is a striking fact, and probably to be accounted for by the partial or complete fasting.

1917, Elliott Proctor Joslin, The Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus, Lea & Febiger, page 102:

The studies cited above do not permit a decision as to whether the observed lipemias represent a direct action of estrogen or whether the effect is mediated through another organ.

1947, Oscar Riddle, Studies on Carbohydrate and Fat Metabolism, Carnegie Institution of Washington, page 111:

In patients with increased platelet aggregation, fat-loading produced a somewhat higher degree of lipemia than in the normal volunteers.

1982, G. Hornstra, Dietary Fats, Prostanoids and Arterial Thrombosis, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers (Wolters Kluwer), page 72:

It is important to note that Lipemia can also be seen as an artifact when a blood sample is collected from a pet that has just recently eaten. In general, a fast of 12 hours is recommended to eliminate postprandial lipemia. If lipemia persists greater than 12 hours, the patient should be evaluated for diseases that may produce altered fat metabolism.

2010, Andrew J. Rosenfeld, Sharon M. Dial, Clinical Pathology for the Veterinary Team, Wiley-Blackwell, page 158:

(medicine, pathology) An excess of lipids or lipoproteins in the blood.


steatorrhea

steatorrhea (countable and uncountable, plural steatorrheas)

(medicine) The presence of an excessive amount of fat in the feces

rasvaripuli

the presence of excessive amount of fat in the feces


steatosis

steatosis (countable and uncountable, plural steatoses)

(medicine) The abnormal retention of lipids by a cell or organ.


xanthomatosis

xanthomatosis (countable and uncountable, plural xanthomatoses)

(medicine) A disorder in which excess lipid accumulates in the body and produces xanthomas


xanthoma

xanthoma (plural xanthomas or xanthomata)

(medicine) A small, yellow nodule, rich in cholesterol and other lipids, that occurs in the skin, often near a joint


mesenterium

From Late Latin mesenterium and its source, Ancient Greek μεσεντέριον (mesentérion).

The mesenterium, or midriff, diaphragma, is a cause, which the Greeks called φρένες, because by his inflammation the mind is much troubled with convulsions and dotage.

1624, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], The Anatomy of Melancholy: […], 2nd edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC, partition I, section 2, member 5, subsection ii:


scute

Borrowed from Latin scutum (“shield”). Compare scutum, escudo, scudo, and écu.

(genetics) A proneural gene, often associated with achaete, that is required for the formation of many larval and adult sense organs


bimeter

It is unfortunate that the bimeter cannot be used in dentulous cases.

1951, Jerome Meyer, Oral Rehabilitation, page 528:

(dentistry) A type of gnathodynamometer having an adjustable central-bearing point.


gnathodynamometer

(dentistry) An instrument used to measure the force applied in closing the jaws.


nebulize

en-verb

nebulize (third-person singular simple present nebulizes, present participle nebulizing, simple past and past participle nebulized)

nebulizes (present singular third-person)
nebulizing (participle present)
nebulized (participle past)
nebulized (past)

Borrowed from Latin nebula (“little cloud, mist”) + -ize.

(medicine) To treat a patient with medicine applied using a nebulizer


nebulizer

Because pentamidine is more effective in aerosolized form, a machine called a nebulizer is needed to turn the liquid pentamidine into tiny droplets which are then inhaled directly into the lungs. However, there are several different nebulizers on the market, and PWAs must know which is most effective.

1988 August 20, Chris Bull, “ACT UP Zaps Fizons Co.”, in Gay Community News, volume 16, number 6, page 1:

“Obviously. It's just that experts recommend measuring your peak oxygen flow and having a portable nebulizer ready.”

2011, Jill Shalvis, Head Over Heels, Hachette UK, →ISBN:

(medicine) A device used to administer a medicine into the lungs, by converting the medicine from liquid state into a fine spray of aerosols, to be inhaled through the nose or mouth.


locked-in syndrome

The locked-in syndrome is a medical condition in which, though both level and content of consciousness may be fairly normal, the patient is so severely paralyzed it may appear on superficial examination that he or she has diminished consciousness.

1988, Ronald E. Cranford, “The Persistent Vegetative State: The Medical Reality (Getting the Facts Straight)”, in The Hastings Center Report, volume 18, number 1, page 30:

(medicine, neurology) A rare, severe physical disorder in which a person cannot speak and is paralyzed—with the possible exception of some voluntary eye movement—while their mental faculties remain fully intact.


pseudocoma

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-pseudocoma.wav

(medicine, neurology) The neurological disorder more commonly referred to as locked-in syndrome.


night terror

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-night terror.wav

(pathology) A sleeping disorder, where sleep is interrupted by anxiety, panic or screaming.

The sleep data are analyzed to determine if there is a consistent pattern when the night terrors occur. The parent is instructed to wake the child 15 to 30 minutes before the night terror typically occurs.

2017, Marie Ardill, Ashley A. Houston, Constance J. Dalenberg, “Night Terror”, in edited by Amy Wenzel, The SAGE Encyclopedia of Abnormal and Clinical Psychology, SAGE Publications, →ISBN, page 2287:

(pathology) An interruption of sleep caused by anxiety, panic or screaming.


FAI

(medicine) Initialism of free androgen index.


polyradiculitis

en-noun

polyradiculitis (usually uncountable, plural polyradiculitides)

(medicine) inflammation of the roots of the nerves


polyembryoma

(medicine) An aggressive form of germ cell tumor usually found in the ovaries.


basilar

Borrowing from New Latin basilāris, irregularly from basis (“a pedestal, foot, base”) + -āris (“-ar, -ary”, adjectival suffix); or from French basilaire, from base (“base, basis”) + -aire (“-ar, -ary”, adjectival suffix), in the pattern of cimbalaire (“cymbal-shaped”).

af

(anatomy, relational) Of, pertaining to, or located at a base, but especially at the base of the skull or an organ of Corti.


tuberosity

en-noun

tuberosity (countable and uncountable, plural tuberosities)

The basitemporal platform is flat in posterior view because the mamillar tuberosities are very weakly developed.

2002, T. H. Worthy, The Lost World of the Moa: Prehistoric Life of New Zealand, page 128:

The superior aspect of the supramarginal gyrus lies underneath the euryon, which corresponds to the most prominent point of the parietal tuberosity or bossa […]

2018, Guilherme Carvalhal Ribas, Applied Cranial-Cerebral Anatomy:

(countable, anatomy) A rounded protuberance, at the end of a bone, to which a muscle or tendon is attached.


transactivation

(genetics) The activation of a gene by the presence of another at a different locus, especially following infection by a virus


electrophysiology

(physiology) The branch of physiology that studies the electrical activity of organisms.

電生理學 /电生理学

the branch of physiology that studies the electrical activity of organisms


interaural

(physiology) Describing the differences between the reception of sound (especially timing and intensity) by each ear


phonotaxis

(physiology) The ability to move in an orientation with respect to a source of sound


thalamic

(anatomy) Of or pertaining to the thalamus.


zanamivir

/zəˈnæm.ɪˌvɪɹ/

From zan- (of unknown origin) + -amivir (“neuraminidase inhibitor”).

af

(pharmacology) An antiviral drug C₁₂H₂₀N₄O₇ that is a neuraminidase inhibitor taken by oral inhalation in the treatment and prophylaxis of Influenzavirus.


prokinetic

(pharmacology) Having the ability to induce motion in smooth muscles, especially those of the digestive system; gastrokinetic


prokinetic

(pharmacology) One of the class of drugs used on the digestive system, including all drugs whose primary effect is to augment the speed of intestinal transit by increasing the frequency of contractions in the small intestine or making them stronger, but without disrupting their rhythm.


scilla

From Latin scilla, from Ancient Greek σκίλλα (skílla). Doublet of squill.

Scilla, or sea onyon, hot and dry in the third degree.

1624, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], The Anatomy of Melancholy: […], 2nd edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC, partition II, section 4, member 2, subsection i:

(pharmacology) A bulb of Urginea scilla.


xenography

As Tanya Ryder explained, for example, “We are all for it, anything that will keep you alive. But we've known about xenography for a long time. There is now a special kind of pig that is being bred for its kidneys.”

2006, Lesley A. Sharp, Strange Harvest: Organ Transplants, Denatured Bodies, and the Transformed Self, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, →ISBN, page 218:

(medicine) The process of surgically transplanting organs or tissue between different species.


neuromusculoskeletal

(medicine, chiefly osteopathy) Describing the interactions between nerves, muscles and the skeleton.


naturopathic

alternative medicine
alternative medicine

(alternative medicine) Relating to naturopathy or to naturopaths


naturopath

Immediately after his gall-bladder operation he got out of bed and dide fifty push-ups—his own naturopath.

1976 September, Saul Bellow, Humboldt’s Gift, New York, N.Y.: Avon Books, →ISBN, page 46:

(alternative medicine) A practitioner of naturopathy, a nature healer


narrowcast

en-verb

narrowcast (third-person singular simple present narrowcasts, present participle narrowcasting, simple past and past participle narrowcast or narrowcasted)

narrowcasts (present singular third-person)
narrowcasting (participle present)
narrowcast (participle past)
narrowcast (past)
narrowcasted (participle past)
narrowcasted (past)

From narrow + -cast, by analogy with broadcast.

Cancer therapies can be narrowcasted to the unique genetic signature of a tumor instead of poisoning every dividing cell in the body.

2018, Steven Pinker, Enlightenment Now: The Case for Reason, Science, Humanism, and Progress, →ISBN:

(medicine) To transmit a medical intervention to a specific organ or type of tissue.


marimastat

(medicine) A novel matrix metalloprotease inhibitor once proposed for cancer treatment


lambliasis

en-noun

lambliasis (countable and uncountable, plural lambliases)

From translingual lamblia (from taxonomic name Giardia lamblia) + -iasis.


labrum

(anatomy) Any of several lip-like projections.


corticotropin

corticotropin (countable and uncountable, plural corticotropins)

adrenocorticotropic hormone
adrenocorticotropic hormone#English

(biochemistry, endocrinology) Synonym of adrenocorticotropic hormone


corepressor

(genetics) Any substance that reacts with a genetic repressor in order to activate it and decrease gene expression


biopsychosocial

en-adj

biopsychosocial (comparative more biopsychosocial, superlative most biopsychosocial)

more biopsychosocial (comparative)
most biopsychosocial (superlative)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-biopsychosocial.wav

(chiefly alternative medicine) Relating to the idea that the mind and the body are inseparable entities.


zona pellucida

en-noun

zona pellucida (plural zonae pellucidae or zonæ pellucidæ)

zonae pellucidae (plural)
zonæ pellucidæ (plural)

Latin zōna (“zone”) + pellūcida (“transparent”).

The sperm passes through an outer barrier called the zona pellucida and, all being well, fuses with the egg.

2019, Bill Bryson, The Body: A Guide for Occupants, Black Swan (2020), page 339:

(anatomy) A glycoprotein membrane surrounding the plasma membrane of an oocyte.


disengagement

disengagement (countable and uncountable, plural disengagements)

(medicine, obstetrics) The emergence of the fetus from the birth canal.


short-acting

en-adj

short-acting (comparative more short-acting, superlative most short-acting)

more short-acting (comparative)
most short-acting (superlative)

Short-acting insulin is maximally effective for one to three hours.

I have tried all the medium and short acting non-barbiturate sedatives since the war (including thalidomide) but they don’t work and I don’t trust the newfangled long acting, “safe” analgesics.

1988, E[dward] J[ames] Moran Campbell, Not Always on the Level, [London]: British Medical Journal, →ISBN, page 194:

(pharmacology) Having a pharmaceutical effect principally in the short term.

действащ кратко време

having a pharmaceutical effect in the short term


sundowning

Impaired judgment and sundowning (increased confusion when orienting cues diminish at night) often makes it necessary to restrict and protect the delirious patient.

1986, Norma Sullivan, Barry Fogel, “Could This Be Delirium?”, in The American Journal of Nursing, volume 86, number 12, page 1363:

Polysomnography and othersleep measures show sleep fragmentation with shortening of N3 sleep togetherwith excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and sundowning as the main findings in AD patients.

2023 April 7, Abhijit Satpati, Thomas Neylan, Lea T. Grinberg, “Histaminergic neurotransmission in aging and Alzheimer's disease: A review of therapeutic opportunities and gaps”, in Alzheimer’s & Dementia: Translational Research & Clinical Interventions, volume 9, number 2, Wiley, →DOI, →ISSN:

(medicine, psychology, psychiatry) A state of agitation, confusion, or delirium, especially in patients suffering from Alzheimer's disease, which begins daily at nightfall and which is alleviated by daylight.


nocturnal delirium

en-noun

nocturnal delirium (plural nocturnal deliria)

Nocturnal delirium of the senile patient is primarily due to the fact that the severe retention defect, and more particularly the greatly accelerated secondary elaboration (Cameron, 1940) found in senile patients, does not permit of the preservation of the spatial image after darkness has interfered with direct visualization.

1941, D. Ewen Cameron MD, “Studies in senile nocturnal delirium”, in Psychiatric Quarterly, volume 15, number 1, page 51:

The nocturnal deliria were piled together with the daytime intoxications and obsessions in order to build a particularly adaptable dream machine, which still awaits a visit from social psychoanalysis in order to penetrate a bit more lucidly into the ancien régime's intricate labryinth of dreams.

1996, Piero Camporesi, Bread of Dreams: Food and Fantasy in Early Modern Europe, page 128:

Preliminary observations by means of motor activity recordings made it possible to classify demented patients with delirium into different groups according to their motor activity, e.g. nocturnal delirium type, wandering type, hypoboulic type, and lying-down type (Honma et a., 1998).

2011, Augusto Caraceni, Delirium: Acute Confusional States in Palliative Medicine, page 56:

(medicine, psychology, psychiatry) A state of agitation or confusion, especially in elderly patients suffering from Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia, which begins daily at nightfall and which is alleviated by daylight.


sundowner syndrome

Patients who become easily confused, such as elderly patients with "sundowner syndrome" or dementia, and patients recovering from drug-related hallucinations may manifest symptoms during flight regardless of the time of day.

2003, Susan B. Connor, “Ch. 10: Nursing Care in Flight”, in Aeromedical Evacuation, New York: Springer, →ISBN, page 139:

(medicine, psychology, psychiatry) A state of agitation, confusion, or delirium, especially in elderly patients suffering from Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia, which begins daily at nightfall and which is alleviated by daylight.


rubor

(pathology) redness, one of the main signs of inflammation


cryptomorphic

Coined by Garrett Birkhoff before 1967, for use in the third edition of his book Lattice Theory.

Three types of genes, namely, immunoglobulin genes, dimorphic genes and cryptomorphic genes, are classified as complex genes.

2002, Gurbachan S. Miglani, Advanced Genetics, page 193:

Hence, among the lower vertebrates, the cistron may be diplomorphic rather than cryptomorphic.

1987, Lawrence S. Dillon, The Gene: Its Structure, Function, and Evolution, page 487:

(genetics) Having a cryptic structure in which the ultimate active product is carried by the precursorial protein rather than the protein actually encoded by the gene.


semiring

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(anatomy) One of the incomplete rings of the upper part of the bronchial tubes of most birds, forming an essential part of the syrinx of songbirds.


medullary

From medulla + -ary; compare also Late Latin medullaris.

(anatomy) Pertaining to, consisting of, or resembling, marrow or medulla

ydin-

pertaining to, consisting of or resembling marrow

(anatomy) Relating to the medulla oblongata


dystonia

dystonia (countable and uncountable, plural dystonias)

/dɪˈstəʊnɪə/

From New Latin dystonia, from German Dystonie.

(pathology) A disabling neurological disorder in which prolonged and repetitive contractions of muscles cause jerking, twisting movements and abnormal postures of the body.


toeprinting

From toe + printing, on the model of DNA footprinting.

(genetics) the use of primer extension inhibition to examine formation of the translational initiation complex, autogenous regulation of gene expression, and to map the boundaries of mRNA-associated complexes


sacciform

en-adj

sacciform (comparative more sacciform, superlative most sacciform)

more sacciform (comparative)
most sacciform (superlative)


epimutation

From epi- + mutation; compare epigenetic.

The first sign of cellular abnormality in some tumors is an epimutation—a change in heritable chromatin marks, such as an increase or decrease in the density of DNA methylation.

2005, Eva Jablonka, Marion J. Lamb, Evolution in Four Dimensions: Genetic, Epigenetic, Behavioral, and Symbolic Variation in the History of Life, MIT Press, →ISBN, page 248:

(genetics) A heritable change in gene expression that does not affect the actual base pair sequence of DNA.


epigenotype

From epi- + genotype; compare epigenetic.

(genetics) The stable pattern of gene expression that is outside the actual base pair sequence of DNA.


allotypical

(immunology, rare) Allotypic: of, due to, or pertaining to an allotype.


lacrimal lake

(anatomy) The pool of tears in the lower conjunctival cul-de-sac of the eye, which drains into the opening of the tear drainage system


anticodon

(genetics) A sequence of three nucleotides in transfer RNA that binds to the complementary triplet (codon) in messenger RNA to specify an amino acid during protein synthesis.


atactic

atactic (comparative more atactic, superlative most atactic)

more atactic (comparative)
most atactic (superlative)


extraembryonic

Subsequent cell and tissue interactions lead to the functional differentiation of all embryonic and extraembryonic tissues.

1998, Julian Lombardi, Comparative Vertebrate Reproduction, Springer, →ISBN, page 237:

The clockwise beating of cilia results in a net flow of extraembryonic fluid leftwards […]

2006, Manfred Schliwa, Molecular Motors, page 359:

(medicine) Inside the womb, but outside the embryo.


ecotherapy

(psychology, psychiatry) Exposure to nature and the outdoors as a form or component of psychotherapy.


radial artery

Radial here means “of or pertaining to the radius” (one of the bones of the arm).

(medicine, human anatomy) The main artery of the lateral aspect of the forearm that is one of the two branches of the brachial artery and enters the wrist on the side of the thumb.


triple negative breast cancer

en-noun

triple negative breast cancer (countable and uncountable, plural triple negative breast cancers)

(medicine, pathology) A type of breast cancer, affecting African women more than white women, in which the three normal receptors are absent.


ostomy

classical compound
conversion (word formation)
stoma (medicine)

Back-formation from colostomy, ileostomy, gastrostomy, and similar terms.

back-form

(surgery) A surgical procedure to provide an exit point for the waste of an organism.

(medicine) An exit point created by such surgical procedure.


PMO

en-noun

PMO (countable and uncountable, plural PMOs)

(medicine) Initialism of postmenopausal osteoporosis.


saliva test

Women competitors in the Olympic Games have to pass a saliva test to prove they are not long-haired men.

1968 August 11, “'Beautiful Sport' Draws a Beauty”, in New York Times, page S6:

(medicine) A medical test in which a sample of saliva is analyzed, often in order to measure a person's hormone levels; such a test administered to an athlete in order to conclusively determine gender.


liposarcoma

liposarcoma (plural liposarcomas or liposarcomata)

liposarcomas (plural)
liposarcomata (plural)

(pathology) Any malignant tumour that originates in adipose tissue


phenytoin

(pharmacology) A synthetic compound related to hydantoin, used as an anticonvulsant in the treatment of epilepsy.


hematogenesis

1903, James Ewing, “Progressive pernicious anemia is believed by some to result through defective hematogenesis, and by others primarily from excessive...”, in Clinical Pathology of the Blood: A Treatise on the General Principles and Special Application of Hematology, page 215:

1965, William Bloom, Hal Downey, “This has not as yet been accomplished for mammalian material, although studies have been made of hematogenesis in vivo in Fundulus embryos...”, in Handbook of Hematology, page 867:

2005, C. Edward Collins, “...or wrinkled skin blood cyst formation of blood cells adjectival form of hematogenesis abnormal blood condition pain in a nerve stretched nerve synonym...”, in A Short Course in Medical Terminology, page 302:

(hematology, cytology) Blood cell formation in the human body, especially the bone marrow, hematopoiesis.


diad

From di- + -ad. Compare dyad, with which it may have been confused.

(anatomy) A structure in the cardiac myocyte


SAE

(medicine) Initialism of serious adverse event.


phenotypic plasticity

(genetics) The ability of an organism with a given genotype to change its phenotype in response to changes in the environment, including changes that occur during the adult life of the organism.


hyperhidrosis

hyperhidrosis (countable and uncountable, plural hyperhidroses)

From international scientific vocabulary, from New Latin, from hyper- + hidrosis.

(pathology) A medical condition with the primary symptom of excessive sweating, in excess of that required for regulation of body temperature.


serologically

(medicine) With respect to the analysis of blood.


FBS

FBS (countable and uncountable, plural FBSs)

An FBS (fasting blood sugar) measurement is the most convenient test after overnight fasting. […] You have diabetes if your FBS is 126 mg/dl or more. But confirm it once more the next day or any other day. If the next time also FBS is more than 126 mg/dl then definitely you have diabetes.

2008, Manthappa M., How to Manage Your Diabetes and Lead a Normal Life, New Delhi: Peacock Books, →ISBN, page 10:

(medicine) Initialism of fasting blood sugar.


IVIG

(medicine, pharmacology) Abbreviation of intravenous immunoglobulin.


intrapatient

2001, Matthew Miller, “Phase I Oncology Trials”, chapter 10-13 of Robert J. Amdur and Elizabeth A. Bankert (editors), Institutional Review Board: Management and Function, Jones & Bartlett Publishers, →ISBN, page 470,
Intrapatient dose escalation is chosen as an example of innovative dosing strategies because it is precisely the proscription of individualized (i.e., within-patient) dose adjustments that most clearly demonstrated to my patients how research interests trump their medical interests.

(medicine) Within a single medical patient, usually over time, rather than between patients.


gluteal cleft

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-gluteal cleft.wav

(anatomy) The groove between the buttocks that runs from just below the sacrum to the perineum.


anal cleft

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-anal cleft.wav

(anatomy) The groove between the buttocks.


hold one's water

en-verb

hold one's water (third-person singular simple present holds one's water, present participle holding one's water, simple past and past participle held one's water)

holds one's water (present singular third-person)
holding one's water (participle present)
held one's water (participle past)
held one's water (past)

[…] and if there is much oozing of blood, the application of ice to the penis. The patient is then instructed to hold his water as long as possible.

1877, Shirley Bragg MD, “Structure of the Male Urethra, with Report of Cases,”, in Atlanta Medical and Surgical Journal, Volume 14, pages 645–6:

(physiology, dated) To restrain one's urge to urinate.


gossypiboma

From Latin gossypium (“cotton”) and -oma (“mass”)

The gossypiboma obstructed the patient's bowel.

(surgery) A gauze or surgical sponge left inside a patient's body after surgery.


pterion

From French ptérion, from ptère (“wing of the sphenoid bone”) + -ion, from Ancient Greek πτερόν (pterón, “wing”).

Then standing before a closet mirror, he put the automatic to his head, at the point of the pterion, and pressed the comfortably concaved trigger.

1969, Vladimir Nabokov, Ada or Ardor, Penguin, published 2011, page 349:

sphenoparietal suture
sphenoparietal suture

(anatomy) The point corresponding with the posterior end of the sphenoparietal suture; known as the weakest part of the skull.

pterión

the point corresponding with the posterior end of the sphenoparietal suture


orthotics

(medicine) The design, manufacture and installation of orthopedic appliances to support, straighten or improve the function of a body part


malacia

en-noun

malacia (countable and uncountable, plural malacias)

From Latin malacia, from Ancient Greek μαλακία (malakía, “softness, sickness”).

der

As soon, namely, as a process of this sort sets in in a compound organ, as for example, a muscle, a palpable myo-malacia is certainly produced when all the muscular elements at a given point are at once affected; but it happens far more frequently that, in the course of a muscle, only a comparatively small number of primitive fasciculi are affected, whilst the others remain almost intact.

1860, Rudolf Ludwig Karl Virchow, Cellular Pathology as Based Upon Physiological and Pathological Histology, page 318:

(medicine, pathology) Abnormal softening of organs or tissues of the human body.

The least abnormal condition appears to be the malacia, or desire for highly spiced or acid foods that are sometimes seen in chlorotic girls and in pregnant women.

1916, A. J. Carlson, The Control of hunger in health and disease, page 267:

(medicine, obsolete) An abnormal craving for certain types of food.


hemiparesis

en-noun

hemiparesis (countable and uncountable, plural hemipareses)

(medicine) muscular weakness that affects only one side of the body


cor pulmonare

(medicine) Alternative spelling of cor pulmonale


dry socket

The severe pain of a "dry socket" after tooth extraction can be relieved by injections of vitamin B₁ (thiamine hydrochloride) Dr. Joseph P. Osterloh, of San Francisco, reports.

1942 August 8, “Vitamin B Relieves Pain After Tooth Extraction”, in The Science News-Letter, volume 42, number 6, page 89:

(dentistry) An inflammation, usually acutely painful, of the alveolar bone following extraction of a tooth.


alveolar bone

(anatomy) A ridge on the surface of a teeth-bearing bone, such as maxilla and mandible in humans, that contains the tooth sockets.


desmology

* From Ancient Greek δεσμός (desmós, “ligament, bond”) + -logy

uder

(anatomy) The branch of anatomy which concerns ligaments.


introducer

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(surgery) A device used to introduce an object into the body.


Spanish influenza

Named after Spain, which reported on the spread of disease as a neutral state while most other countries fighting World War I impose censorship, leading to a mistaken impression that it was concentrated in Spain.

By systematic organization and effort we have been endeavoring to combat Spanish Influenza in Luzerne County, with its population of 350,000 souls.

1920, Oscar Jewell Harvey, The Spanish Influenza Pandemic of 1918, Pennsylvania: Wilkes-Barre, page 25:

(pathology) A form of influenza that spread to nearly every part of the world in a pandemic between 1918 and 1920, killing from 20 to 100 million people.


Spanish flu

In the wake of the devastation of the Spanish flu, the world came together to develop unprecedented scientific collaborations to take on future pandemics. In 1947, the WHO Interim Committee of the United Nations established a Global Influenza Programme to track the changes in the virus.

2018, World Health Organization, “Pandemic influenza: an evolving challenge”, in WHO official website:

Spanish influenza
Spanish influenza#English

(pathology) Alternative form of Spanish influenza


facial nerve

(neuroanatomy) The seventh (VII) of twelve paired cranial nerves that supply motor fibers especially to the muscles of the face and jaw and sensory and parasympathetic fibers to the tongue, palate, and fauces.


apellous

(anatomy) Not covered by skin. Said of a circumcised penis, which has had its prepuce (foreskin) removed.


BSO

(medicine) Initialism of bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy.


ethmoid sinus

(anatomy) Any of several paranasal sinuses enclosed within the ethmoid bone.


sphenoid sinus

en-noun

sphenoid sinus (plural sphenoid sinuses)

(anatomy) A paranasal sinus contained within the body of the sphenoid bone.


normal saline

normal saline (countable and uncountable, plural normal salines)

(medicine) A solution of 0.9% w/v of NaCl, about 300 mOsm/L.


rhinosinusitis

rhinosinusitis (countable and uncountable, plural rhinosinusitises or rhinosinusitides)

rhinosinusitises (plural)
rhinosinusitides (plural)

(pathology) A rhinitis combined with sinusitis.


nasal congestion

(pathology) The blockage of the nasal passages usually due to membranes lining the nose becoming swollen from inflamed blood vessels.


nasal obstruction

nasal obstruction (plural nasal obstructions)

(pathology) An obstruction of the nasal cavity that reduces the flow of the air, regardless of the cause.


phenylephrine

phenylephrine (usually uncountable, plural phenylephrines)

α-adrenergic receptor
α-adrenergic receptor

(medicine, pharmacology) An α-adrenergic receptor agonist related to adrenaline, used as a vasoconstrictor and nasal decongestant; 3-(1-hydroxy-2-methylamino-ethyl)phenol, with the formula C₉H₁₃NO₂.


amoxicillin

amoxicillin (countable and uncountable, plural amoxicillins)

From am(picillin) + (hydr)oxy + -cillin.

(pharmacology) A moderate-spectrum, bacteriolytic beta-lactam antibiotic C₁₆H₁₉N₃O₅S closely related to ampicillin and with similar properties, but more readily absorbed when taken orally. It is used to treat bacterial infections caused by susceptible microorganisms.


trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

(pharmacology) A combination of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole in the ratio of 1 to 5.


sleep disorder

(pathology) A medical disorder of the sleep patterns of a person or animal.


hypoparathyroidism

hypoparathyroidism (countable and uncountable, plural hypoparathyroidisms)

(pathology) deficiency of parathyroid hormone.


tooth socket

periodontal ligament
periodontal ligament

(anatomy) A socket in the jaw in which the roots of teeth are held in the alveolar process with the periodontal ligament.


homophile

en:reacting only with homologous antigens

(biology, medicine, of an antibody) Reacting only with homologous antigens.


homophile

en:antibody that reacts only with homologous antigens

(biology, medicine) An antibody that reacts only with homologous antigens.


myopathy

myopathy (countable and uncountable, plural myopathies)

(medicine) Any of several diseases of muscle that are not caused by nerve disorders


osteoarticular

(medicine) Of or pertaining to bones and their articulation


methylphenidate

/ˌmɛθ əlˈfɛn ɪˌdeɪt/

/ˌmɛθ əlˈfɪ nəˌdɪt/

(medicine) A stimulant used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and narcolepsy, better known by the trade name Ritalin


hemizygous

(genetics) Having some single copies of genes in an otherwise diploid cell or organism


subfunctionalization

subfunctionalization (countable and uncountable, plural subfunctionalizations)

(genetics) The independent specialization of the two gene copies formed by duplication.


vegetative nervous system

vegetative nervous system (plural vegetative nervous systems)

autonomic nervous system
autonomic nervous system

(neuroanatomy) The autonomic nervous system.


ganglion cyst

(pathology) A swelling on or around joints and tendons in the hand or foot.


prosencephalon

prosencephalon (plural prosencephalons or prosencephala)

prosencephalons (plural)
prosencephala (plural)

From proso- + encephalon. proso- is from Ancient Greek πρόσω (prósō).

Holonym: encephalon


cerebral hemisphere

cerebral hemisphere (plural cerebral hemispheres)

(neuroanatomy) One of the two regions of the brain that are delineated by the body's median plane.


median plane

(anatomy) The only plane along which the human body is roughly symmetrical, running from the top to the bottom through navel, separating the left and the right hand.

mediaanitaso

anatomy: plane that divides the body evenly to the left and right half


pectoralis major

pectoralis major (plural pectoralis majors or pectorales majores)

pectoralis majors (plural)
pectorales majores (plural)

With the pectoralis major cut off, the shoulders caved inward as if in a perpetual shrug, making it impossible to move the arm forward or sideways.

2010, Siddhartha Mukherjee, The Emperor of All Maladies, Fourth Estate (2011), page 65:

(anatomy) The large muscle that covers the chest and ribs.


sagittal plane

(anatomy) Any imaginary plane parallel to median plane.


raloxifene

From ral- (of unknown origin) + -oxifene (“tamoxifen derivative”).

af

(pharmacology) A drug used orally in the form of its hydrochloride C₂₈H₂₇NO₄S·HCl as prophylaxis against osteoporosis after menopause.


hemoderivative

(medicine) Any substance obtained by fractionation of human blood plasma.


myelo-

classical compound
international scientific vocabulary

From international scientific vocabulary, reflecting a New Latin combining form, from Ancient Greek μυελός (muelós, “marrow”).

myelosuppression; myelodysplasia

(anatomy, biology, medicine) Bone marrow.

myelomeningocele; myelomeningitis

(anatomy, biology, medicine) Spinal cord.


collum

Borrowed from Latin collum (“the neck”). Doublet of col.

No sooner does a little particle of food touch the edge of the delicate collar which surrounds the collum, than it adheres to it and is carried down by currents, that circulate up one side of the collar and down the other, to the end of the collum, in which, along with an accompanying drop of water, it becomes at once engulped^([sic]).

1882, Frank Coles Phillips, Proceedings of the Bristol Naturalists' Society, volume 3, page 25:

(anatomy) A neck, cervix, or neckline part or process.


caligo

Borrowed from Latin cālīgō (“darkness”). Doublet of garua.

(medicine, obsolete) dimness or obscurity of sight, caused by a speck on the cornea


spinous

en-adj

spinous (comparative more spinous, superlative most spinous)

more spinous (comparative)
most spinous (superlative)

From spine + -ous, or borrowed from Latin spinōsus.

The spinous process of vertebra CII can be identified through deep palpation as the most superior bony protuberance in the midline inferior to the skull.

2012, Richard Drake, Richard Lee Drake, Wayne Vogl, Gray's Basic Anatomy, →ISBN, page 36:

the spinous processes of the lumbar vertebrae


anosognosia

en-noun

anosognosia (countable and uncountable, plural anosognosias)

Anton-Babinski syndrome
Anton-Babinski syndrome

(pathology) Failure to be aware of a defect or deficit resulting from disability, due to brain injury (e.g. Anton-Babinski syndrome).


minichromosome

(genetics) A structure, resembling chromatin, formed from the DNA of a virus and histones from the host.


rapamycin

From Rapa Nui Rapa (Nui) (“Easter Island”) + -mycin.

af

(pharmacology) Alternative form of sirolimus.


trigeminal

From Latin trigeminus (“threefold, triple, triform”) + -al, equivalent to tri- + geminal.

(anatomy, relational) Of or pertaining to the trigeminal nerve (the fifth cranial nerve).

三叉的

of or pertaining to the trigeminal nerve


trigeminal

trigeminal nerve
trigeminal nerve#English

(neuroanatomy) Ellipsis of trigeminal nerve.


trigeminal nerve

en-noun

trigeminal nerve (plural trigeminal nerves)

Meronyms: ophthalmic nerve, maxillary nerve, mandibular nerve

(neuroanatomy) Each of the fifth and largest pair of cranial nerves responsible for sensation and motor function in the face and mouth.


fifth cranial nerve

fifth cranial nerve (plural fifth cranial nerves)


foreign accent syndrome

foreign accent syndrome (countable and uncountable, plural foreign accent syndromes)

A Baltimore man suddenly began speaking with a Scandinavian accent after suffering a stroke. . . . The man had "foreign accent syndrome," a rare condition in which a brain malfunction produces speech alterations that sound like a foreign accent.

1991, Gerard L. Ervin, “MLJ News & Notes of the Profession”, in The Modern Language Journal, volume 75, number 2, page 225:

(medicine, psychology, neurology) An extremely rare disorder, which may be temporary or permanent, in which a person who has suffered a stroke or other brain trauma recovers but subsequently speaks with a seemingly foreign accent.


recombining

(genetics) The exchanging of genetic material


recombining

en-adj

recombining (comparative more recombining, superlative most recombining)

more recombining (comparative)
most recombining (superlative)


virginal membrane

en-noun

virginal membrane (plural virginal membranes)

So called because the membrane is usually damaged by sexual intercourse.


rabbit board

Rabbits are fastened upon rabbit-boards and anesthetized with a mixture of three parts of ether and one of alcohol.

1902, Harold Clarence Ernst, Animal Experimentation, page 97:

The laboratory should be supplied with chemical work tables and sinks ; a fume chamber; large water bath for 40 and 100 degrees C.; dog and rabbit boards; analytical balance; scales weighting 0.01 gm. to 20 gm.;[…].

1902, American Medical Association, The Journal of the American Medical Association, volume 39, page 544:

The animal is restrained on the rabbit board, with the level of the head slightly below the level of the heart, the neck region shaved with small animal clippers, and then palpated to locate the trachea.

1978, Peter W. Jones, Ralph Freudenthal, Carcinogenesis—A Comprehensive Survey, volume 3, page 349:

(veterinary medicine) A board on which a rabbit may be immobilised.


pressotherapy

(medicine) A form of physiotherapy in which external pressure is used to aid the circulation of the blood


ear, nose and throat

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-ear, nose and throat.wav

1989 February, advertisement, Professional Profiles, Cincinnati Magazine, page 133,
Virtually all ear, nose and throat specialists routinely handle cases such as adenoidectomies, tonsillectomies, nose bleeds, and sinus disease.

Dr. Wolfgang Renz, an ear, nose, and throat surgeon and a member of the Rotary Club of Pirmasens, Germany, found that although the siblings were profoundly deaf, common hearing aids could restore their hearing.

2006 July, Joanna Hunkin, “In Focus: Treasure Islands”, in The Rotarian, page 32:

Their airways will require attention from dedicated ear, nose, and throat and intensive care unit services in many instances during the first several days following the operative repair.

2007, Carl L. Backer, Constantine Mavroudis, Lauren D. Holinger, “64: Vascular Rings and Associated Malformations”, in Derek S. Wheeler, Hector R. Wong, Thomas P. Shanley, editors, Pediatric Critical Care Medicine: Basic Science And Clinical Evidence, page 725:

(medicine, generally used attributively) Otorhinolaryngology; a branch of medicine dealing with diseases of the ear, nose and throat.


RLQ

right lower quadrant
w:right lower quadrant

(anatomy) Initialism of right lower quadrant (of the human abdomen).


radial nerve

(anatomy) A large nerve, carrying both sensory and motor neurones, that supplies the dorsal aspect of the forearm and arm


radial vein

(anatomy) Any of a group of veins on the radial side of the forearm


pharmacotherapy

(medicine) The use of pharmaceuticals to treat disease


hymenoplasty

hymenoplasty (countable and uncountable, plural hymenoplasties)

Dr. Robert Stubbs, a Toronto-based plastic surgeon . . . has won international acclaim for refining the hymenoplasty procedure, which involves cutting away the scarred edge of the membrane broken during intercourse and narrowing the entrance of the vagina, then putting the pieces back together.

2008 July 12, Diana Zlomislic, “The Virgin Makers”, in Toronto Star, page L1:

One of the options available to women under such pressure is hymenoplasty, in which a surgeon uses remnants of the hymen or tissue from the vaginal wall to create a "new hymen" that will break and bleed during intercourse.

2010, Emily Maguire, The Monthly, April 2010, Issue 55, The Monthly Ptd Ltd, page 36

(medicine) Plastic surgery affecting a woman's hymen, usually involving reconstruction to the unbroken condition ordinarily characteristic of virginity.


hymenorrhaphy

(medicine) Reconstructive surgery in which a woman's hymen is restored to the unbroken condition ordinarily characteristic of virginity.


divagation

divagation (countable and uncountable, plural divagations)

Nominalization of divagate (from the Latin verb divagare) + -ion (from the Latin suffix -io).

(medicine) Incoherent or wandering speech and thought.


naproxen

These days, especially when she kept on top of taking her naproxen, the hurt in her joints and limbs merely teased.

2021, Rivers Solomon, Sorrowland, #Merky Books, page 200:

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) A certain non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that inhibits the COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes and thereby reduces pain, fever, inflammation, and stiffness.


glycocalyx

glycocalyx (plural glycocalyces or glycocalyxes)

glycocalyces (plural)
glycocalyxes (plural)

Blood platelets and megakaryocytes from which they arise, both have ruthenium red positive glycocalyces in the form of globular particles; ruthenium red is known to react strongly with chondroitin sulphate.

1976, L. T. Threadgold, The Ultrastructure of the Animal Cell, 2nd edition, Pergamon Press, page 146:

The microvilli are in turn covered with a velvety meshwork made of countless sugar-based structures that look a little bit like antlers. These are called the glycocalyxes.

2015, Giulia Enders, translated by David Shaw, Gut, Scribe, published 2016, page 36:

2016, V. C. Hascall, P. H. Weigel, B. P. Toole, Hyalurolan, Ralph A. Bradshaw, Philip D. Stahl, Gerald W. Hart (editors), Encyclopedia of Cell Biology, Volume 1: Molecular Cell Biology, Elesvier (Academic Press), page 280,
Most cells are able to dynamically synthesize hyaluronan and form cell-associated glycocalyces that include chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (e.g., versican and aggrecan) bound to the hyaluronan (Figure 4).

In cancer, the glycocalyxes of circulating tumor cells play a fundamental role in the metastatic process.

2017, Stefania Marcotti, Gwendolen C. Reilly, “3: Sugar-Coating the Cell: The Role of the Glycocalyx in Mechanobiology”, in Simon C. F. Rawlinson, editor, Mechanobiology: Exploitation for Medical Benefit, Wiley, page 44:

(biology, anatomy) A filamentous coating of glycoprotein and polysaccharide on the surface of bacteria and some other cells.

glycocalyx

filamentous coating of glycoprotein and polysaccharide on the surface of some cells


polymyositis

(medicine) An inflammatory disease affecting multiple muscles


cycler

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The only issue I have had with my cycler was when the cat started chewing on the connecting line.

(medicine) A device for performing dialysis; for mechanically purifying blood.


iontophoresis

iontophoresis (usually uncountable, plural iontophoreses)

(medicine) A treatment in which electrodes are put in contact with tissue and a voltage is applied in order to introduce an ionized medication


mecamylamine

(pharmacology) A norbornane derivative which is a ganglionic nicotinic blocking agent, sometimes used in treating extreme hypertension; N,2,3,3-tetramethylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ylamine, C₁₁H₂₁N.


oophoritis

From noun use of Ancient Greek ὠοφόρος (ōophóros, “egg-bearing”) + -itis.

uder

(pathology) inflammation of the ovaries.


doxorubicin

en-noun

doxorubicin (countable and uncountable, plural doxorubicins)

From d(e)ox(y)- + -o- + -rubicin (“daunorubicin derivative”).

af

(pharmacology) An anthracycline antibiotic drug (trademark Adriamycin) with broad antineoplastic activity that is obtained from a bacterium (Streptomyces peucetius subsp. caesius) and is administered in the form of its hydrochloride C₂₇H₂₉NO₁₁·HCl in chemotherapy.


bleomycin

From [Term?] + -mycin (“antibiotic derived from Streptomyces”).

Bleomycin, which could scar lungs without warning, was an antibiotic derived from a mold.

2010, Siddhartha Mukherjee, The Emperor of All Maladies, Fourth Estate (2011), page 206:

(pharmacology) Any of a family of antineoplastic drug obtained from Streptomyces verticillus.


vinblastine

en-noun

vinblastine (countable and uncountable, plural vinblastines)

Madagascar periwinkle
Madagascar periwinkle

(biochemistry, pharmacology) A cytotoxic compound C₄₆H₅₈N₄O₉ of the alkaloid class obtained from the Madagascar periwinkle and used especially in the form of its sulfate in the treatment of lymphomas.


aclarubicin

From [Term?] + -rubicin (“daunorubicin derivative”).

af

(pharmacology) A particular drug used in chemotherapy.


aminopterin

en-noun

aminopterin (countable and uncountable, plural aminopterins)

(pharmacology) A 4-amino analog of folic acid used as a chemotherapy drug.


amsacrine

From [Term?] + [Term?] + -crine (“acridine derivative”).


azathioprine

en-noun

azathioprine (countable and uncountable, plural azathioprines)

/ˌæz.əˈθaɪ.əˌpɹin/

The patient was treated with methylprednisolone, cyclophosphamide, and azathioprine, as well as burn center protocol care with daily tankings.

1993, Virginia Medical Quarterly, volumes 120-121, page 44:

(pharmacology) A purine antimetabolite immunosuppressant used in organ transplant and autoimmune diseases to prevent rejection.


carboplatin

From carbo- + -platin (“platinum derivative”).

af

(pharmacology) An organic derivative of platinum that is used in chemotherapy.


cladribine

From chl(or)- + ad(enine) + -ribine (“ribofuranosyl derivative of the pirazofurin type”).


cytarabine

From cyt(osine) + -arabine (“arabinofuranosyl derivative”).

(pharmacology) A cytotoxic antineoplastic agent C₉H₁₃N₃O₅ that is a synthetic isomer of the naturally occurring nucleoside of cytosine and arabinose and is used to treat several types of leukemias, especially acute myeloid leukemia in adults.

-citabine

nucleoside antiviral or antineoplastic agent


cytosine arabinoside

(pharmacology) Alternative form of cytarabine.


daunorubicin

en-noun

daunorubicin (countable and uncountable, plural daunorubicins)

From Italian Daunia (“ancient region of Apulia”) + -o- + rubi(domy)cin.

af

(pharmacology) A synthetic anthracycline antibiotic C₂₇H₂₉NO₁₀ which is a nitrogenous glycoside that interferes with DNA synthesis and is used in the treatment of acute leukemia and other cancers.


docetaxel

From [Term?] + -taxel (“taxane derivative”).

Taxus baccata
Taxus baccata#Translingual

(pharmacology) A semisynthetic antineoplastic drug C₄₃H₅₃NO₁₄·3H₂O (trademark Taxotere) that is administered intravenously to treat various cancers (as of the lung, breast, or prostate) and is derived from the needles of a yew tree (Taxus baccata) of Europe.


paclitaxel

From Taxus brevifolia + Latin (brevifo)li(a) + -taxel (“alteration of taxol”).

(pharmacology) A taxane antineoplastic drug C₄₇H₅₁NO₁₄ originally isolated from the bark of the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, but now typically derived as a semisynthetic product of the English yew; it interferes with microtubule function and inhibits cell division, and is used in the treatment of some cancers, especially those of the breast and ovary.


estramustine

From estra(diol) + -mustine (“antineoplastic, alkylating agent”).

(pharmacology) A synthetic steroidal estrogen whose phosphate is used to counter prostate cancer.


floxuridine

(medicine) An antimetabolite drug, fluorodeoxyuridine, used in the treatment of colorectal cancer


fludarabine

(pharmacology) An antineoplastic agent that is an analog of vidarabine and is administered intravenously in the form of its phosphate C₁₀H₁₃FN₅O₇P especially in the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia.


fluorouracil

en-noun

fluorouracil (countable and uncountable, plural fluorouracils)

/ˌflʊə.ɹə(ʊ)ˈjʊə.ɹə.sɪl/

/ˌflɔː.ɹə(ʊ)ˈjʊə.ɹə.sɪl/

/ˌflɔː.ɹə(ʊ)ˈjɔː.ɹə.sɪl/

/ˌflʊɹ.oʊˈjʊɹ.əˌsɪl/

(pharmacology) A fluorine-substituted derivative of uracil C₄H₃FN₂O₂ which inhibits DNA synthesis and is used as a chemotherapy drug in the treatment of cancer.


gemcitabine

From [Term?] + -citabine (“cytarabine or azacytidine derivative”).

af

In the winter, we had switched to a new drug called gemcitabine, or Gemzar.

2010, Siddhartha Mukherjee, The Emperor of All Maladies, Fourth Estate (2011), page 154:


idarubicin

(pharmacology) A particular anthracycline drug used in chemotherapy.


ifosfamide

From i(so)- + -fosfamide (“alkylating agent”).


vincristine

en-noun

vincristine (countable and uncountable, plural vincristines)

From vin- (“vinca alkaloid”) + Latin crista (“tuft of leaves on plants”) + -ine.

af

Although originally intended as an antidiabetic, vincristine at small doses was found to kill leukemia cells.

2010, Siddhartha Mukherjee, The Emperor of All Maladies, Fourth Estate (2011), pages 139–140:

(biochemistry, pharmacology) A cytotoxic compound C₄₆H₅₆N₄O₁₀ of the alkaloid class obtained from the Madagascar periwinkle and used especially in the form of its sulfate to treat acute leukemia and other cancers.


mafosfamide

From [Term?] + -fosfamide (“alkylating agent”).

(pharmacology) A particular drug used in the treatment of cancer.


mechlorethamine

From me(thyl) + chlor(o)eth(yl) + -amine.

(pharmacology) Alternative form of chlormethine.


mercaptopurine

en-noun

mercaptopurine (countable and uncountable, plural mercaptopurines)

(pharmacology) An thiol antimetabolite C₅H₄N₄S that interferes especially with the metabolism of purine bases and the biosynthesis of nucleic acids and that is sometimes used in the treatment of acute leukemia.


amethopterin

/ˌæm.əˈθɑp.təɹ.ɪn/

From am(ino)- + metho- + pter(oyl) + -in.

(pharmacology, dated) Synonym of methotrexate.


mitotane

Probably from mito- (“nucleotoxic agent”) + (e)thane.

(pharmacology) A particular oral drug used to treat cancer.


mitoxantrone

Probably from mit- (“nucleotoxic agent”) + (dihydr)ox(y) + ant(hraquin)one.

af

(pharmacology) A particular drug used in chemotherapy.


nedaplatin

From [Term?] + -platin (“platinum derivative”).

(pharmacology) A particular drug used to treat cancer.


nelarabine

From [Term?] + -arabine (“arabinofuranosyl derivative”).


GORD

Alternative form: (US) GERD

(pathology) Acronym of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease.


nilotinib

Origin unknown; the suffix -tinib denotes a pharmaceutical drug that is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor.

(pharmacology) A drug used to treat cancer.


oxaliplatin

From oxalate + -i- + -platin (“platinum derivative”).


leucovorin

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) A particular drug used in cancer treatment.


folinic acid

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) A particular drug used in chemotherapy for cancer.

folinate

coordinate as a base versus an acid, but synonymous in the practical sense that the conjugate base and conjugate acid coexist in solution


pirarubicin

From pyra(n) + -rubicin (“daunorubicin derivative”).


plicamycin

From translingual (Streptomyces) plica(tus) + -mycin (“antibiotic derived from Streptomyces”).

(pharmacology) An antibiotic C₅₂H₇₆O₂₄ with antineoplastic activity which is produced by three bacteria of the genus Streptomyces (Streptomyces argillaceus, Streptomyces tanashiensis, and Streptomyces plicatus), acts by inhibiting DNA transcription and replication, and is administered intravenously especially in the treatment of malignant tumors of the testes or in the treatment of hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria associated with advanced neoplastic disease.


mithramycin

en-noun

mithramycin (countable and uncountable, plural mithramycins)

From [Term?] + -mycin (“antibiotic derived from Streptomyces”).


antitumor

en-adj

antitumor (comparative more antitumor, superlative most antitumor)

more antitumor (comparative)
most antitumor (superlative)

(oncology) Inhibiting the development of a tumor.


tioguanine

(pharmacology) A crystalline compound C₅H₅N₅S which is a thio analog of guanine with cytotoxic properties as an antimetabolite, given orally in the treatment of leukemia.


trofosfamide

From tr(is)- + -o- + -fosfamide (“alkylating agent”).


troxacitabine

From [Term?] + oxa- + -citabine (“cytarabine or azacytidine derivative”).


valrubicin

From val(erate) + -rubicin (“daunorubicin derivative”).


vinflunine

From vin- (“vinca alkaloid”) + (di)flu(oro).

(pharmacology) A particular antitumor drug.


zorubicin

From [Term?] + -rubicin (“daunorubicin derivative”).


parasitemia

(pathology) The presence of parasites in the blood


source control

(medicine) Measures applied to the source of an infection to reduce further contamination and spread.

But the opposite concern also exists: egress, or transmission of particles from the wearer to the outside world. Historically, much less research has been conducted on egress, but controlling it—also known as “source control”—is crucial to stopping the person-to-person spread of a disease. Obviously, society-wide source control becomes very important during a pandemic.

2020 April 22, Zeynep Tufekci et al., “Real Reason to Wear a Mask”, *The Atlantic* (online)

(epidemiology, public health) Measures applied to potentially-infected people that reduce their chances of infecting others.


entero-

From New Latin entero-, combining form from Ancient Greek ἔντερον (énteron, “intestine”).

der

(medicine) relating specifically to the small intestine.


hepatology

(medicine) The study or treatment of the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.


ectopy

en-noun

ectopy (countable and uncountable, plural ectopies)

From international scientific vocabulary, using New Latin combining forms: by surface analysis, ec- + -topy; equivalent to ectopia = ec- + -topia, "out of place".

(pathology) Abnormal position of an organ or other body part.


eutopia

From eu- + Ancient Greek τόπος (tópos, “place”) + -ia.

(medicine) The condition of being properly placed, as opposed to ectopia.


eutopic

en-adj

eutopic (comparative more eutopic, superlative most eutopic)

more eutopic (comparative)
most eutopic (superlative)

(medicine) (of an organ or other body part) Exhibiting eutopia; being in the correct place; having a normal position.


compression fracture

en-noun

compression fracture (plural compression fractures)

(pathology) Any fracture of a bone (most often a load-bearing bone such as a vertebra) caused by compression


Fallopian

(anatomy) Discovered (reputedly) by Fallopius (mainly as in Fallopian tube).


arteriosclerotic

en-adj

arteriosclerotic (comparative more arteriosclerotic, superlative most arteriosclerotic)

more arteriosclerotic (comparative)
most arteriosclerotic (superlative)

(pathology) Of, pertaining to, or caused by arteriosclerosis


hardel

Apparently from hard + -el (diminutive suffix).

(obsolete, anatomy) the back of the hand


preclinical

preclinical (comparative more preclinical, superlative most preclinical)

more preclinical (comparative)
most preclinical (superlative)

(medicine) Describing the period of a disease before any symptoms appear


utilization review

en-noun

utilization review (plural utilization reviews)

(US, medicine, management) A review of the use of medical resources at a medical facility for purposes of cost control.