counteradaptation

counteradaptation (countable and uncountable, plural counteradaptations)

Repeated AOD exposure also can lead to adaptations in the reward circuitry that oppose and neutralize a drug's effects (i.e., counteradaptation).

1997, Alcohol Health and Research World- Volume 21:

Counteradaptation postulates that the initial positive rewarding feelings are followed by the opposing development of tolerance.

2010, Marie A. Chisholm-Burns, Terry L. Schwinghammer, Barbara G. Wells, Pharmacotherapy Principles and Practice, page 610:

The conceptual framework of opponent process counteradaptation involves an initial a-process (positive hedonic effect; "light side") occurring shortly after presentation of the reinforcer followed by a b-process (negative hedonic effect; "dark side") appearing after the a-process has terminated.

2011, William R. Miller, Kathleen M. Carroll, Rethinking Substance Abuse:

Sensitization and counteradaptation are two of the major neuroadaptive models that have been proposed to explain how changes that start in the reward pathway may result in the development of substance dependence.

2013, John E. Niederhuber, James O. Armitage, James H Doroshow, Abeloff's Clinical Oncology, page 363:

adaptation that counters a change to an organism's environment

(pharmacology) The development of tolerance; the adaptation of the body's homeostatic mechanisms to counteract a drug effect.


deletant

The resulting vector containing the SnTox1-Bar knockout construct was PCR-amplified with 5_Tox1Fbar and 3_Tox1Fbar for transformation in toxa3 -10 to result in SnToxA, SnTox1, and SnTox3 deletant mutants.

2015 July 8, Kar-Chun Tan et al., “Functional redundancy of necrotrophic effectors – consequences for exploitation for breeding”, in Frontiers in Plant Science, volume 6, →DOI:

(genetics) A mutant caused by the deletion of a gene


digestome

Shao et al. [ 54 ] have screened the caspase-1 digestome to identify caspase target proteins.

2008 September 13, Antero Salminen et al., “Amyloid-β oligomers set fire to inflammasomes and induce Alzheimer's pathology”, in Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, volume 12, →DOI:

(genetics, biochemistry) All the genes (and derived proteins) that relate to digestion (especially of complex carbohydrates)


hyperinflammation

Injection of LPS, which is more likely a hyperinflammation storm rather than sepsis, and the CLP method are both the most commonly used animal models for septic AKI research.

2014 December 9, Martin A Schick et al., “Sepsis-induced acute kidney injury by standardized colon ascendens stent peritonitis in rats - a simple, reproducible animal model”, in Intensive Care Medicine Experimental, volume 2, →DOI:


immunocontent

The animals were submitted to sepsis or sham-operated, and 3 h (A), 6 h (B), and 12 h (C) after surgery, the immunocontent of iNOS was evaluated in the lung and in the pulmonary artery (3 h (D), 6 h (E), 12 h (F) ).

2014 May 23, Larissa Constantino et al., “Regulation of lung oxidative damage by endogenous superoxide dismutase in sepsis”, in Intensive Care Medicine Experimental, volume 2, →DOI:

(immunology) The amount and range of antibodies in a material


neuropsychic

Table 4 Biodistribution of 99m Tc-PQQ in mice (average ± SD, n = 35, %ID g −1 ) As glutamate neurotransmitter plays an important role in numerous neuropsychic disorders, the NMDAR is the target for research to develop an appropriate ligand for noninvasive imaging.

2010 October 10, Yanyan Kong et al., “Preparation of 99mTc-PQQ and preliminary biological evaluation for the NMDA receptor”, in Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, volume 287, →DOI:

(pathology) Of or pertaining to the nervous system and the mind

нервно-психи́ческий

of or pertaining to the nervous system and the mind


phlebectomy

The working group recommends simultaneously carrying out ambulatory phlebectomy with RFA.

2014 December 31, Jin Hyun Joh et al., “Consensus for the Treatment of Varicose Vein with Radiofrequency Ablation”, in Vascular Specialist International, volume 30, →DOI:

(surgery) The removal of a vein, especially of a varicose vein


protospacer

Genomic DNA was extracted from parental and mutant cell lines and used as the template to amplify fragments of 200 to 1,500 bp containing the protospacer regions chosen for Cas9 targeting of the TcPFR1, TcPFR2, and TcGP72 genes.

2015 July 21, Noelia Lander et al., “CRISPR/Cas9-Induced Disruption of Paraflagellar Rod Protein 1 and 2 Genes in Trypanosoma cruzi Reveals Their Role in Flagellar Attachment”, in mBio, volume 6, →DOI:


sonochemotherapy

(A) Timeframe of each sonochemotherapy treatment schedule, arrows indicate intravenous injection of 0.5 ml SonoVue followed by a 5-ml injection of saline, δt represents the time between each injection; (B) Photo of the probe and custom-made probe holder during patient treatment; (C) Changes in tumor diameter over time measured from CT images in patients with pancreatic malignancy.

2015 July 10, Bart H. A. Lammertink et al., “Sonochemotherapy: from bench to bedside”, in Frontiers in Pharmacology, volume 6, →DOI:


tenosynovectomy

en-noun

tenosynovectomy (countable and uncountable, plural tenosynovectomies)

There is substantial clinical experience showing that the risk of tendon rupture can be minimized by tenosynovectomy.

1973, Jerome H. Herman, Rheumatoid Arthritis: Theoretical and Clinical Aspects, page 184:

Complete excision including tenosynovectomy is essential even in "non-specific" rice body tenosynovitis.

2015 July 14, Seung Eun Hong et al., “Rice Body Tenosynovitis without Tuberculosis Infection after Multiple Acupuncture Procedures in a Hand”, in Archives of Plastic Surgery, volume 42, →DOI:

(surgery) Excision or resection of a tendon sheath.


thermoablation

Endovenous heat-induced thrombosis (EHIT) is thrombus extending from the superficial venous system into the deep venous system at, or proximal to, a site of recent thermoablation; most commonly thrombus extending from the GSV into the common femoral vein [ 29 ].


thermocatheter

For measurements of the cardiac output (CO), the right femoral artery was cannulated and a thermocatheter (MLT1402 T-type Ultra Fast Thermocouple, ADInstruments, Oxford, UK) was introduced.

(surgery) A catheter which has a thermocouple to continuously monitor the internal temperature


vasculoneuropathic

If the ischemic symptoms of PAOD are associated with neuropathy, these combined vasculoneuropathic symptoms might cause the limb symptoms to persist despite an appropriate treatment for PAOD.

2014 December 31, Young Ae Kim et al., “Prevalence and Risk Factors for the Peripheral Neuropathy in Patients with Peripheral Arterial Occlusive Disease”, in Vascular Specialist International, volume 30, →DOI:

(pathology) Relating to vascular neuropathy


aconuresis

Other chronic diseases surveyed were assessed with the following questions “Within the last 12 months did you have allergic asthma/ other forms of asthma/ allergies/ diabetes/ cataract/ tinnitus/ hypertension/ myocardial infarction/ insult or cerebral haemorrhage/ chronic bronchitis or emphysema/ aconuresis/ cancer/ gastric or intestinal ulcer/migraine?” with the answer categories “yes” or “no”.

2015 July 29, “Associations and Synergistic Effects for Psychological Distress and Chronic Back Pain on the Utilization of Different Levels of Ambulatory Health Care. A Cross-Sectional Study from Austria”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(pathology) urinary incontinence (inability to control urination)


hemodilution

hemodilution (countable and uncountable, plural hemodilutions)

(pathology) An increase in the fluid content of blood (and thus a diminution of the number of cells).


immunoinflammatory

Thus, we provide evidence of differential regulation of visceral adiposity, liver steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis in Th1 and Th2 dominant mouse strains which could be related to differences in immunoinflammatory response to high fat feeding in C57Bl/6 and BALB/c mice.

2015 July 29, “Differential Immunometabolic Phenotype in Th1 and Th2 Dominant Mouse Strains in Response to High-Fat Feeding”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(immunology) Relating to inflammation caused or modified by antibodies


intradiscally

Based on these clinical and histological findings, in combination with the avascular nature of the IVD, we concluded that the hydrogel would be well tolerated when applied intradiscally.

2015 August 20, Nicole Willems et al., “Biocompatibility and intradiscal application of a thermoreversible celecoxib-loaded poly-N-isopropylacrylamide MgFe-layered double hydroxide hydrogel in a canine model”, in Arthritis Research & Therapy, volume 17, →DOI:


intradiscal

We have demonstrated the biocompatibility and safety of a pNIPAAM MgFe-LDH hydrogel via subcutaneous application in mice and via intradiscal administration in a large animal model.


prestaining

Sequential staining is critical as Pyronin Y can also bind DNA and the prestaining of DNA with Hoechst 33342 blocks this.

2015 July 29, “Multiparametric Cell Cycle Analysis Using the Operetta High-Content Imager and Harmony Software with PhenoLOGIC”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(cytology) staining prior to some other operation.


paraspeckle

(cytology) An irregularly shaped compartment of the cell, found in the nucleus's interchromatin space


peritendon

(anatomy) The membrane surrounding the tendon.


umeclidinium

From [Term?] + -clidinium (“muscarinic receptor agonist/antagonist”).

af

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

(pharmacology) An anticholinergic drug used in the bromide form, in combination with vilanterol, for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.


vilanterol

From [Term?] + -terol (“phenethylamine derivative”).

(pharmacology) A long-acting beta-2 agonist drug, used in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.


ileocecum

We demonstrated that OMV-associated PrtV was biologically active by showing altered morphology and detachment of cells when the human ileocecum carcinoma (HCT8) cells were treated with OMVs from the wild type V.

2015 July 30, “Outer Membrane Vesicle-Mediated Export of Processed PrtV Protease from Vibrio cholerae”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


immunoreacted

We initially isolated proteins immunoreacted with Ts4 from the testicular TS extract using immunoprecipitation.

2015 July 30, “Chemical Characterization of N -Linked Oligosaccharide As the Antigen Epitope Recognized by an Anti-Sperm Auto-Monoclonal Antibody, Ts4”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


mosaicplasty

Following this logic, multiple treatment options including microfracture, mosaicplasty, and autologous chondrocyte implantation have been explored [3 ].

2015 July 30, “Cold Atmospheric Plasma Modified Electrospun Scaffolds with Embedded Microspheres for Improved Cartilage Regeneration”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(surgery) The harvesting and transplanting of many small cylindrical osteochondral plugs from the less weight-bearing periphery of the patellofemoral area and inserting them into drilled tunnels in the defective section of cartilage


dorsal slit

(surgery) A single incision along the upper length of the foreskin from the tip to the corona, exposing the glans without removing any tissue.


anteromesial

(anatomy, dentistry) Both anterior and mesial


-olol

From propranolol. By surface analysis, reduplication of -ol.

β-adrenoceptor
w:adrenergic receptors#β receptors

(pharmacology) Used to form names of compounds with the structure Ar–OCH₂CH(OH)CH₂NH–R used as β-adrenoceptor antagonists.


choanal

(anatomy, zoology) Related to the choana


zeiosis

Coined by Costero and Pomerat (1951), who refer it to Ancient Greek ζείω (zeíō), alternative form of ζέω (zéō, “to boil”) + -osis. The authentic Ancient Greek term would be ζέσις (zésis, “boiling”).
The derivation was chosen because blebs are said to "resemble the behavior of a very dense fluid under intense boiling".


entocarotid

(anatomy) The inner branch of the carotid (artery)


ozadene

From Ancient Greek ὄζω (ózō, “I smell”).

(anatomy) A defensive gland present in some arthropods, which secretes a foul-smelling substance to discourage predators.


centrotemporal

All together, these findings provide additional insight into the neurophysiological mechanisms of epilepitogenisis and cognitive dysfunction associated with BECTS. Introduction Benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BECTS) (also known as rolandic epilepsy) is the most common form of idiopathic focal epilepsy syndrome in childhood.

2015 July 31, “Local Activity and Causal Connectivity in Children with Benign Epilepsy with Centrotemporal Spikes”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(anatomy) Relating to the central and temporal regions of the head (during electroencephalography), or the intersection of the two.


fissurization

en-noun

fissurization (usually uncountable, plural fissurizations)

(chiefly anatomy) formation of a fissure


multitranscript

Indeed, 29% of protein-coding genes have been shown to exhibit significant sex-biased expression in Drosophila, and up to 20% of Drosophila multitranscript genes display sex-biased expression of alternative transcripts.

2015 August 28, “Drosophila Hrp48 Is Required for Mushroom Body Axon Growth, Branching and Guidance”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(genetics) Relating to more than one transcript.


nephronophthisis

From nephron + -o- + phthisis (“progressive wasting disease”), from Ancient Greek φθίσις (phthísis, “wasting away, perishing, decay”).

der

(pathology) A genetic disorder of the kidneys which affects children.


phaseolotoxin

From Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola + toxin.

(toxicology) A toxin, produced by halo blight pathogen, that causes systemic chlorosis.


halo blight

(phytopathology) A bacterial disease of bean plants, caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola.


annulus of Zinn

Named after Johann Gottfried Zinn (1727–1759), German anatomist and botanist.

(anatomy) A ring of fibrous tissue surrounding the optic nerve at its entrance at the apex of the orbit.


vaginal vault

(anatomy) The expanded region of the vaginal canal at the internal end of the vagina.


photoimmunotherapy

(surgery) A kind of light-based cancer therapy


ECMO

extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
w:extracorporeal membrane oxygenation

(medicine) Initialism of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.


SCBU

(UK, medicine) Initialism of special care baby unit.


betrixaban

From [Term?] + -xaban (“blood coagulation factor Xa inhibitor”).

af

The problem of renal excretion, and so, inadvisability in the face of low creatinine clearance, may be addressed by betrixaban, little of which is excreted via this organ.

2015 August 20, Andrew Blann, “Nonvitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs): the tide continues to come in”, in Vascular Health and Risk Management, volume 11, →DOI:

(pharmacology) A particular anticoagulant drug.


darexaban

(pharmacology) An experimental drug that acts as an anticoagulant and antithrombotic.


transorally

This reduced dose is also currently being used in a parallel US study (ECOG 3311) for transorally resected HPV-positive OPSCC.

2015 August 27, Waheeda Owadally et al., “PATHOS: a phase II/III trial of risk-stratified, reduced intensity adjuvant treatment in patients undergoing transoral surgery for Human papillomavirus (HPV) positive oropharyngeal cancer”, in BMC Cancer, volume 15, →DOI:


homosynaptic

Habituation and dishabituation allow for experience-dependent tuning of these reflexes and the mechanisms underlying these forms of behavioral plasticity involve changes in transmitter release from the sensory to motor neuron synapses through homosynaptic depression and the serotonin-mediated recovery from depression, respectively.

2015 August 29, “Decline in the Recovery from Synaptic Depression in Heavier Aplysia Results from Decreased Serotonin-Induced Novel PKC Activation”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(physiology) Involving a single synapse.


hypocalciuria

(medicine) The medical condition of having an unusually low level of calcium in the urine.


capsulectomy

All of the children had previously undergone manual anterior capsulorhexis, irrigation and aspiration of cataracts, posterior capsulectomy, and anterior vitrectomy.

2015 August 1, “Long-Term Visual Outcomes of Secondary Intraocular Lens Implantation in Children with Congenital Cataracts”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(surgery) The removal of a capsule, especially one that surrounds an implant


centroparietal

The centroparietal positivity facilitated both task types and both transition types, and is consistent with a primary role for facilitating general proactive cognitive control.

2015 August 1, “Functional Roles of Neural Preparatory Processes in a Cued Stroop Task Revealed by Linking Electrophysiology with Behavioral Performance”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(anatomy) In or from the centre of a parietal region.


endocapillary

Using immunohistochemical analysis, we confirmed that CA1 pyramidal neurons, CA2 pyramidal neurons, motor cortex neurons, and endocapillary cells showed staining for 3-nitrotyrosine and 4-HNE at 8 h after reperfusion following global brain ischemia.

2015 August 1, “The Effects of Xanthine Oxidoreductase Inhibitors on Oxidative Stress Markers following Global Brain Ischemia Reperfusion Injury in C57BL/6 Mice”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(anatomy) Relating to an internal capillary, especially to one in a glomerulus of the kidney


throat paint

en-noun

throat paint (countable and uncountable, plural throat paints)

Unless otherwise mentioned, 25 ml of throat paint is to be prepared.

He casually prescribed throat paint and some antibiotic drugs.

(medicine) Ointment that is applied inside an oral cavity or throat.


TP

TP (countable and uncountable, plural TPs)

transverse process
transverse process#English

(anatomy) Initialism of transverse process.

threshold potential
threshold potential#English

(physiology) Initialism of threshold potential.


early blight

(phytopathology) A disease of tomato and potato plants caused by the fungus Alternaria solani, producing distinctive bullseye-patterned leaf spots, stem lesions, fruit rot on tomato and tuber blight on potato.


multipennate

(anatomy) Of a muscle: having the fibers arranged at multiple angles in relation to the axis of force generation.


nanoelectroablation

We provide direct evidence that nanoelectroablation triggers a CD8-dependent inhibition of secondary tumor growth by comparing the growth rate of secondary orthotopic liver tumors in nsPEF-treated rats with that in nsPEF-treated rats depleted of CD8 + cytotoxic T-cells.

2015 August 1, “Nanoelectroablation of Murine Tumors Triggers a CD8-Dependent Inhibition of Secondary Tumor Growth”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(surgery) electroablation of a very small area (especially to destroy cancerous tissue)


rostroventrolateral

Of them the nucleus paragigantocellularis (PGi) (located in the rostroventrolateral medulla, RVLM) has been suggested as one of the major brain nuclei sending excitatory (glutamatergic) afferents to LC region [20 ].

2015 August 1, “Direct Facilitatory Role of Paragigantocellularis Neurons in Opiate Withdrawal-Induced Hyperactivity of Rat Locus Coeruleus Neurons: An In Vitro Study”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(anatomy) Both rostral and ventrolateral


undertriage

undertriage (countable and uncountable, plural undertriages)

However, our prior study on undertriage of major trauma patients indicated that a significant proportion of trauma patients with an ISS = 75 survived.

2015 August 1, “Trauma with Injury Severity Score of 75: Are These Unsurvivable Injuries?”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

As emergency medicine doctors, we regularly give medical advice to family and close friends when they get sick or are injured and don't know what to do. In a matter of moments, we triage, diagnose, and assemble a logical plan, whatever the issue may be. […] Frankly, it's a service everyone should have. Think about the potential time and money saved if this option for medical care and triage was broadly available. Overtriage would plummet. That's when people run to the emergency department (ED) and wait endless hours, only to be reassured or receive limited treatment. Undertriage would also decline. That's when people should go to the ED but, unwisely, wait. For example, this may occur when symptoms of dizziness end up being a stroke.

2024 January 31, Jesse M. Pines, Robert D. Glatter, “Commentary: Why Everyone Needs Their Own Emergency Medicine Doctor: How Emerging Models Come Close to Making This Reality”, in Medscape Viewpoints, retrieved 2024-02-07:

(medicine) An inaccurately low prehospital triage value assigned to a set of symptoms or an injury, assessing it as being less severe or traumatic than it truly is; the administrative or societal burden caused by such miscalibration, such as strokes or heart attacks not recognized and treated quickly enough.


incisive bone

(anatomy) In humans, portion of the maxilla adjacent to the incisors.


Bereitschaftspotential

Borrowed from German Bereitschaftspotential (literally “readiness potential”).

bor

(neurology) A measure of activity in the motor cortex and supplementary motor area of the brain, leading up to voluntary muscle movement.


volvulate

en-verb

volvulate (third-person singular simple present volvulates, present participle volvulating, simple past and past participle volvulated)

volvulates (present singular third-person)
volvulating (participle present)
volvulated (participle past)
volvulated (past)

From vovlul(us) + -ate (verb-forming suffix), ultimately from Latin volvere (“to twist round”).

(medicine, surgery, especially of a bowel) To twist or form a knot: to undergo volvulus.


volvulated

en-adj

volvulated (not generally comparable, comparative more volvulated, superlative most volvulated)

more volvulated (comparative)
most volvulated (superlative)

volvulated bowel

(medicine, surgery) Affected by volvulus.


spermiate

en-verb

spermiate (third-person singular simple present spermiates, present participle spermiating, simple past and past participle spermiated)

spermiates (present singular third-person)
spermiating (participle present)
spermiated (participle past)
spermiated (past)

Two-year-old male yellow perch were induced to spermiate at the end of February 1992.

1993, A. Ciereszko, “Cryopreservation of Yellow Perch Semen”, in The Progressive Fish-culturist, page 261:

(cytology, of mature spermatids) To release from Sertoli cells into the seminiferous tubule lumen prior to passage to the epididymis.


codistribute

codistribute (third-person singular simple present codistributes, present participle codistributing, simple past and past participle codistributed)

codistributes (present singular third-person)
codistributing (participle present)
codistributed (participle past)
codistributed (past)

This population of cells continues to codistribute closely with venous elements and remains excluded from a vascular regions in the developing wing bud.

(cytology) (of cellular components) to distribute, spread together


autosuggest

autosuggest (third-person singular simple present autosuggests, present participle autosuggesting, simple past and past participle autosuggested)

autosuggests (present singular third-person)
autosuggesting (participle present)
autosuggested (participle past)
autosuggested (past)


fistulize

fistulize (third-person singular simple present fistulizes, present participle fistulizing, simple past and past participle fistulized)

fistulizes (present singular third-person)
fistulizing (participle present)
fistulized (participle past)
fistulized (past)


fostamatinib

From fos- (“phosphorous derivative”) + [Term?] + -tinib (“tyrosine kinase inhibitor”).

af

(pharmacology) A particular drug that is an inhibitor of the enzyme spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk).


exogastrulate

en-verb

exogastrulate (third-person singular simple present exogastrulates, present participle exogastrulating, simple past and past participle exogastrulated)

exogastrulates (present singular third-person)
exogastrulating (participle present)
exogastrulated (participle past)
exogastrulated (past)

(medicine) To experimentally induce disturbance of the process of gastrulation in animal embryos.


coamplify

coamplify (third-person singular simple present coamplifies, present participle coamplifying, simple past and past participle coamplified)

coamplifies (present singular third-person)
coamplifying (participle present)
coamplified (participle past)
coamplified (past)

(genetics) (of the gene) to amplify together with another gene, or to amplify in multiple ways


immunomodulate

immunomodulate (third-person singular simple present immunomodulates, present participle immunomodulating, simple past and past participle immunomodulated)

immunomodulates (present singular third-person)
immunomodulating (participle present)
immunomodulated (participle past)
immunomodulated (past)

(medicine) To apply a substance (e.g. a drug) that has an effect on the immune system.


re-occlude

re-occlude (third-person singular simple present re-occludes, present participle re-occluding, simple past and past participle re-occluded)

re-occludes (present singular third-person)
re-occluding (participle present)
re-occluded (participle past)
re-occluded (past)

(medicine) (of occlusion) to occur again after it has been treated


sinusoidalize

sinusoidalize (third-person singular simple present sinusoidalizes, present participle sinusoidalizing, simple past and past participle sinusoidalized)

sinusoidalizes (present singular third-person)
sinusoidalizing (participle present)
sinusoidalized (participle past)
sinusoidalized (past)

(medicine) to oscillate in close to sinusoidal fashion


preincubate

preincubate (third-person singular simple present preincubates, present participle preincubating, simple past and past participle preincubated)

preincubates (present singular third-person)
preincubating (participle present)
preincubated (participle past)
preincubated (past)

(medicine) (of a cell or culture) to incubate before the treatment started


oversecrete

oversecrete (third-person singular simple present oversecretes, present participle oversecreting, simple past and past participle oversecreted)

oversecretes (present singular third-person)
oversecreting (participle present)
oversecreted (participle past)
oversecreted (past)


maldigest

maldigest (third-person singular simple present maldigests, present participle maldigesting, simple past and past participle maldigested)

maldigests (present singular third-person)
maldigesting (participle present)
maldigested (participle past)
maldigested (past)

I wouldn't want my sister to marry a Communist, and force me to maldigest my Sunday morning bagel arguing dialectics with a sectarian brother-in-law.

1983, Mid-America: An Historical Review, page 29:

Healthy humans may maldigest or malabsorb carbohydrates.

2010, Henry P. Parkman, GI Motility Testing: A Laboratory and Office Handbook, page 138:

In the United States, nearly 100 percent of Asian Americans and Native Americans maldigest lactose because their amount of lactase activity is very low.

2014, Marie Dunford, Nutrition for Sport and Exercise, page 145:

(medicine) To digest poorly or in a less than perfect way.


extraluminally

One squamous cell carcinoma of the lower trachea with involvement of right main bronchus and invasion extraluminally, its longitudinal involvement was 53.7 mm (Fig 1).

2015 September 3, “Diagnostic Value of Multidetector CT and Its Multiplanar Reformation, Volume Rendering and Virtual Bronchoscopy Postprocessing Techniques for Primary Trachea and Main Bronchus Tumors”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


lamina papyracea

(anatomy) Orbital lamina of ethmoid bone


red rot

(phytopathology) A disease of sugar cane caused by the fungus Glomerella tucumanensis.


dasabuvir

From [Term?] + -buvir (“RNA polymerase (NS5B) inhibitor”).

af

(pharmacology) An antiviral drug for the treatment of hepatitis C virus infection.


miravirsen

From [Term?] + -virsen (“antiviral antisense oligonucleotide”).

Currently, miravirsen is applied in seven clinical trials, some are already in phase II.

2015 August 13, Merav Kedmi et al., “MicroRNAs and Growth Factors: An Alliance Propelling Tumor Progression”, in Journal of Clinical Medicine, volume 4, →DOI:

(pharmacology) A locked nucleic acid-based antisense oligonucleotide with potential medical applications.


piwi

Short for P-element induced wimpy testis in Drosophila.

However, piwi and tudor-domain containing genes are absent from flukes and tapeworms and no true vasa orthologue has been identified in schistosomes.

2015 August 25, David Roquis et al., “The Epigenome of Schistosoma mansoni Provides Insight about How Cercariae Poise Transcription until Infection”, in PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, volume 9, →DOI:

(genetics, attributive) A class of genes originally identified as encoding regulatory proteins responsible for maintaining incomplete differentiation in stem cells and maintaining the stability of cell division rates in germline cells.


ballonnement

[…] he reported the first cases operated upon by him with rectal ballonnement, pointed out the applicability of the high operation to the removal of tumors of the posterior bladder-wall […]

1889, Albert Henry Buck, A Reference Handbook of the Medical Sciences:

(surgery, archaic) The ballooning or distending of a part of the body for operative or diagnostic purposes.


empagliflozin

From empa- (of unknown origin) + -gliflozin (“sodium–glucose cotransporter inhibitor”).

(pharmacology) An orally available competitive inhibitor of sodium–glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2; SLC5A2) with antihyperglycemic activity.


gliflozin

(pharmacology) Any of a class of drugs that inhibit renal glucose reabsorption and therefore lower blood glucose.


ertugliflozin

From [Term?] + -gliflozin (“phlorizin derivative”).

(pharmacology) A particular gliflozin drug.


remogliflozin

remogliflozin etabonate
remogliflozin etabonate#English

(pharmacology) Synonym of remogliflozin etabonate.


fenpiverinium

From (di)phen(yl) + pi(peridine) + -verine (“spasmolytic”) + -ium (“quaternary ammonium compound”).

(pharmacology) A particular antimuscarinic drug.


imepitoin

From im(idazolone) + [Term?] + -toin (“hydantoin derivative”).

(pharmacology) A particular antiepileptic drug.


monoprophylaxis

(medicine) The use of a single prophylaxis rather than a more complex regimen involving several.


targetoid

(medicine) A structure or lesion that resembles a target.


barythymia

/ˌbæɹɪˈθaɪmɪə/

From bary- + -thymia.
From Ancient Greek βαρύς (barús, “heavy”) + θυμός (thumós, “soul, spirit”).

1810, John Jackson, Barythymia (poem): referenced in Halkett, Dictionary of Anonymous and Pseudonymous English Literature

Are we here speaking of the above-mentioned kardioponos? Naturally, this ailment could also refer to barythymia (depression or melancholy).

2004, Julius Preuss, Biblical and Talmudic Medicine:

Neurotic, obsessive-compulsive, infantile-arrested, stuporous melancholia, hebephrenic schizophrenia, barythymia, poikilothymia. I'd settle for anything as long as it was concrete.

2012, George Gurley, George & Hilly: The Anatomy of a Relationship, page 87:

(medicine, archaic, rare) A depressed state of mind.


basculation

This twofold movement upon the centre, - this basculation, - has succeeded in cases where the elevation, singly, has been unsuccessful.

1834, Gillain Boivin, A Practical Treatise on the Diseases of the Uterus and Its Appendages:

(medicine, archaic) The replacement of a retroverted uterus by swinging it into its place.


zygomaticomaxillary

(anatomy) Relating to the zygomatic bone and maxilla.


dysmetabolism

(biochemistry, pathology) metabolic dysfunction


otoccipital

(anatomy) Relating to the ear and the occiput.


xylotherapy

(medicine, historical) A treatment of disease by applying wood to the surface of the body.


gastroenterectomy

Although neogenetic islets are reduced with aging 9, islet neogenesis is commonly encountered in obese persons, patients with gastroenterectomy and pregnant women.

2014 October 18, Soroku Yagihashi, Hiroki Mizukami, Wataru Inaba, “Quo vadis: Where have the β-cells gone?”, in Journal of Diabetes Investigation, volume 6, →DOI:

(surgery) Removal of part of the stomach and intestines.


netherlip

From nether- + lip, modelled after lower lip. Compare Old Frisian nitherlippa (“lower lip”), German Niederlippe (“lower lip”).

Looby's face grew pale, and his netherlip began to tremble; the patient was dismayed, and the old gentlewoman concerned and perplexed.

1820, Tobias Smollett, Robert Anderson, The Miscellaneous Works of Tobias Smollett, M.D.:

She smiled. Again her netherlip protruded, curiously, affectionately.

2002, David Grossman, The Book of Intimate Grammar:


haemadromograph

To commence with, it will be necessary to describe the tracings obtained by means of the 'Haemadromograph' of Chauveau.

(medicine) An instrument for measuring the velocity of the blood.


haemapodous

(anatomy) Having the limbs on, or directed toward, the haemal side, meaning the great blood vessels are located on the ventral side, as in vertebrates


sequestrectomy

(medicine) The removal of sequestrums (dead portions of bones).


orbitotomy

Excisional biopsy of the nodule was performed by anterior orbitotomy with local anesthesia.

2015 January 13, Lucieni B. Ferraz et al., “Three Adult Cases of Orbital Hidrocystoma Presenting with Blepharoptosis”, in Journal of Clinical Medicine, volume 4, →DOI:

(surgery) incision into the orbit of the eye


retinectomy

Access to patient-specific retinal tissue requires an intraocular procedure, called a vitrectomy, followed by detachment of the retina, retinectomy, laser retinopexy and a vitreous substitute to provide a temporary tamponade.

2014 December 19, Fred K. Chen et al., “iPS Cells for Modelling and Treatment of Retinal Diseases”, in Journal of Clinical Medicine, volume 3, →DOI:

(surgery) The excision of retinal tissue.


chromicize

en-verb

chromicize (third-person singular simple present chromicizes, present participle chromicizing, simple past and past participle chromicized)

chromicizes (present singular third-person)
chromicizing (participle present)
chromicized (participle past)
chromicized (past)

(medicine) (of catgut) to treat with a compound of chromium


decannulate

decannulate (third-person singular simple present decannulates, present participle decannulating, simple past and past participle decannulated)

decannulates (present singular third-person)
decannulating (participle present)
decannulated (participle past)
decannulated (past)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-decannulate.wav

(medicine) To remove the cannula or cannulae from the atrium or aorta.

décanuler

to remove a cannula from the atrium or aorta


immunoexpress

immunoexpress (third-person singular simple present immunoexpresses, present participle immunoexpressing, simple past and past participle immunoexpressed)

immunoexpresses (present singular third-person)
immunoexpressing (participle present)
immunoexpressed (participle past)
immunoexpressed (past)

The lamina propria contains a range of inflammatory cells that normally immunoexpress the various immunoglobulins in plasma cells.

(biochemistry, immunology, transitive, intransitive) (of a protein) to express as a result of an immune response


immunoinhibit

immunoinhibit (third-person singular simple present immunoinhibits, present participle immunoinhibiting, simple past and past participle immunoinhibited)

immunoinhibits (present singular third-person)
immunoinhibiting (participle present)
immunoinhibited (participle past)
immunoinhibited (past)

The titrations are based on the assumption that the volume of antiserum required to completely immunoinhibit enzyme activity is proportional to the amount of the enzyme in the tissue extract or biological fluid.

(biochemistry, immunology, transitive) to inhibit the immune response


angioinvasion

In an independent sample set, lower miR-126-3p expression was observed in follicular thyroid cancers (which have capsular and angioinvasion) as compared to follicular adenomas.

2015 August 6, “miR-126-3p Inhibits Thyroid Cancer Cell Growth and Metastasis, and Is Associated with Aggressive Thyroid Cancer”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(pathology) Vascular invasion: Invasion (infiltration) of vessels (blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, or both), often and especially by cancer cells, either locoregionally or metastatically.


autotetraploid

In this study, post-germination growth, which occurs entirely by cell elongation, was examined in diploid and autotetraploid hypocotyls of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.)

2015 August 6, “Stimulation of Cell Elongation by Tetraploidy in Hypocotyls of Dark-Grown Arabidopsis Seedlings”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(genetics) tetraploid because of the doubling of an ancestral chromosome


cingulo-opercular

(anatomy) Relating to the cingulate cortex and the operculum


cleidomastoideus

Its lateral surface for the origins of the sternomastoideus and cleidomastoideus muscles is smooth probably because of the young age of the holotype individual.

2015 August 6, “A New Late Miocene Odobenid (Mammalia: Carnivora) from Hokkaido, Japan Suggests Rapid Diversification of Basal Miocene Odobenids”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(anatomy) A muscle connecting the clavicle and the mastoid process.


cervicobrachial

(anatomy) Relating to the neck and the arm.


extraconal

Subsequent imaging noted a mass lesion arising within the inferolateral aspect of the left orbit, displacing the globe anteromedially and which appeared to lie within the extraconal space […]

2015 August 9, Stephen E. Langabeer et al., “Evading Capture by Residual Disease Monitoring: Extramedullary Manifestation of JAK2 V617F-Positive Primary Myelofibrosis After Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation”, in Case Reports in Hematology, volume 2015, →DOI:


extrahepatically

SAA are acute phase proteins in the form of apolipoproteins associated with specific high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and they are expressed extrahepatically in the absence of HDL.

2015 August 4, Saliha Esenboga et al., “CVID Associated with Systemic Amyloidosis”, in Case Reports in Immunology, volume 2015, →DOI:


immunoenhancement

en-noun

immunoenhancement (usually uncountable, plural immunoenhancements)

Acute stress, such as a bout of exercise, is accepted to cause an array of immunologic changes. Recently, it has been proposed that acute stress activation of the innate immune system might be harnessed as an adjuvant to enhance immune responses to antigen challenge. This review develops the acute stress-induced immunoenhancement hypothesis and its possible role as a vaccine adjuvant.

2007, Edwards KM, Burns VE, Carroll D, Drayson M, Ring C, “The acute stress-induced immunoenhancement hypothesis”, in Exerc Sport Sci Rev, volume 35, number 3, →DOI, →PMID, pages 150–155:

(immunology) Enhancement of immunity; enhancement of the immune system.


periauricular

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated residual periauricular subcutaneous ill-defined lesions extending radially from the stylomastoid foramen and subsequent abnormal enhanced lesions in the intratemporal facial nerve from the stylomastoid foramen to the internal auditory canal […]

2015 August 9, Mitsuhiko Nakahira, Naoko Saito, Masashi Sugasawa, “Extratemporal Malignant Nerve Sheath Tumor of Facial Nerve with Coexistent Intratemporal Neurofibroma Mimicking Malignant Intratemporal Extension”, in Case Reports in Otolaryngology, volume 2015, →DOI:


sphincterotome

No more than a total of ten cannulation attempts (defined as a sustained contact between the sphincterotome and the papilla for at least five seconds) were allowed during this time frame.

2015 August 9, Birol Baysal et al., “A Novel Round Insulated Tip Papillotome as an Alternative to the Classic Needle-Knife for Precut Sphincterotomy in Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography”, in Gastroenterology Research and Practice, volume 2015, →DOI:

(surgery) The electrified wire used to perform sphincterotomy.


lymphadenectasis

A cow was considered to be positive in BTB (case), if it yielded positive results in one or both tests, and showed up symptoms for emaciation, cough, dyspnea, and lymphadenectasis, while it was considered negative only if it yielded negative results in both tests and without clinical symptoms.

2015 August 6, “CARD15 Gene Polymorphisms Are Associated with Tuberculosis Susceptibility in Chinese Holstein Cows”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


neuroforamen

(anatomy) Either of a pair of spaces each side of a vertebra that allows nerves to pass from the spinal cord to other parts of the body


perivasculitis

In contrast, meningitis was seen in two out of the three tortoises infected with TeHV3 genogroup B. Vasculitis and/or perivasculitis were observed in two out of three individuals infected with the TeHV3 genogroup B. The tortoise infected with the bona fide recombinant TeHV3 strain had inclusions in the tongue and developed pneumonia.

2015 August 6, “A Genomic Approach to Unravel Host-Pathogen Interaction in Chelonians: The Example of Testudinid Herpesvirus 3”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(pathology) inflammation of the perivascular sheath


pseudosylvian

The pseudosylvian sulcus is weakly present, and it is located just above the temporal fossa.

(anatomy) Describing an extension of the lateral sulcus on each hemisphere of the brain


ictogenesis

Findings achieved so far for these seizure networks are quite intriguing, given the similarity of their topological evolution across different types of epilepsies, seizures, medication, age, gender, and other clinical features, which might point to a common biophysical mechanism underlying ictogenesis.

2015 August 20, Christian Geier, Klaus Lehnertz, Stephan Bialonski, “Time-dependent degree-degree correlations in epileptic brain networks: from assortative to dissortative mixing”, in Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, volume 9, →DOI:


megaduodenum

(medicine) Abnormally large size of the duodenum.


lumbodorsal

(anatomy) related to both lumbar and dorsal regions of the spine


lumboabdominal

(anatomy) related to both lumbar and abdominal regions


lumbovertebral

-ɜː(ɹ)tɪbɹəl


polyarthralgia

polyarthralgia (countable and uncountable, plural polyarthralgias)

Human patients administrated rapamycin at low daily doses (1 to 2 mg/day) develop various side effects including headaches, polyarthralgia, mild stomatitis, epistaxis, diarrhea, and skin acne [18 –20 ].

2015 August 7, “Effect of Chronic Administration of Low Dose Rapamycin on Development and Immunity in Young Rats”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(pathology) arthralgia (pain) that affects multiple joints


premanifest

The premanifest stage of HD (pre-HD) [5 ] provides an unprecedented opportunity to characterize deficits and ultimately encapsulate sensitive markers of disease progression from premanifest to symptomatic stages for potential use in clinical interventions [4 ,6 ,7 ].

2015 August 7, “Characterising Upper Limb Movements in Huntington's Disease and the Impact of Restricted Visual Cues”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(pathology) Relating to the early stage of a disease, in which symptoms are not yet manifest


subread

An in-house Perl script was used to calculate the distribution of subread lengths and identify the range of lengths that would give a coverage around 10.

2015 August 7, “Genome Sequence of Bacillus endophyticus and Analysis of Its Companion Mechanism in the Ketogulonigenium vulgare-Bacillus Strain Consortium”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(genetics) A subset of a read (sequence of DNA generated by sequencing)


vestibulopathy

One of these patients was excluded due to prior sensory deficits (polyneuropathy, bilateral vestibulopathy).

2015 August 7, “Acute Unilateral Vestibular Failure Does Not Cause Spatial Hemineglect”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(pathology) Any disease that affects the vestibule of the ear


great vessel

(anatomy, mostly plural) Any of the large vessels that bring blood to and from the heart, i.e. the superior and inferior vena cava, the pulmonary arteries and veins, and the aorta.


paired-end tag

(genetics) Any of the short sequences, at the 5’ and 3’ ends of a DNA fragment, that are sufficiently unique (theoretically) so as to exist together only once in a genome, therefore making the sequence of the DNA in between them available upon search.


hypoechogenic

en-adj

hypoechogenic (comparative more hypoechogenic, superlative most hypoechogenic)

more hypoechogenic (comparative)
most hypoechogenic (superlative)

The ultrasound showed an ellipsoidal hypoechogenic area in the muscle […]

2015, MC Cojocaru et al., “Trigger points – ultrasound and thermal findings”, in Journal of Medicine and Life, volume 8:

(medicine) Minimally echogenic, as is normal in some tissue types and unusual in others.


receptive aphasia

en-noun

receptive aphasia (countable and uncountable, plural receptive aphasias)

(pathology) inability to understand written, spoken, or tactile speech symbols, due to disease of the auditory and visual word centers, as in word blindness


tracheostomize

en-verb

tracheostomize (third-person singular simple present tracheostomizes, present participle tracheostomizing, simple past and past participle tracheostomized)

tracheostomizes (present singular third-person)
tracheostomizing (participle present)
tracheostomized (participle past)
tracheostomized (past)

(transitive, surgery) To perform tracheostomy on.


ureteroneocystostomy

en-noun

ureteroneocystostomy (countable and uncountable, plural ureteroneocystostomies)

(surgery) An operation involving implantation of the upper end of a transected ureter into the bladder.


intraconal

Extraconal and intraconal fat excision was also performed.

2015 September 10, “Effect of Orbital Decompression on Corneal Topography in Patients with Thyroid Ophthalmopathy”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


nasoduodenal

Initially 17 subjects were enrolled in the study, but 5 subjects dropped out due to discomfort related to the nasoduodenal tube.

2015 September 10, “Paracetamol as a Post Prandial Marker for Gastric Emptying, A Food-Drug Interaction on Absorption”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

route of administration
route of administration

(medicine) Of or pertaining to a route through the nose into the duodenum, usually with reference to a feeding tube as the route of administration of enteral nutrition.

nasojejunal

nasoenteral, through the nose into the small intestine (hypernym to nasoduodenal, nasojejunal, and nasoileal)


fibrinogenemia

The preliminary results of the survey objectify the possibility that by using ALAnerv® to obtain a significant improvement of the neuromotor and sensitive/ functional outcomes and also to decrease the levels of fibrinogenemia, plasma leucocytes number and neutrophils percentage, but with no statistical significance for the ESR dynamics.

2015, I Andone et al., “Preliminary results of using ALAnerv® in subacute motor incomplete paraplegics”, in Journal of Medicine and Life, volume 8:

(pathology) The presence or level of fibrinogen in the blood.


motor aphasia

motor aphasia (countable and uncountable, plural motor aphasias)

Broca's motor speech area
Broca's motor speech area

(pathology) impairment of the ability to speak and write, due to a lesion in the insula and surrounding operculum including Broca's motor speech area. (The patient understands written and spoken words but has difficulty uttering the words.)


scapulocostal

(anatomy) Relating to the scapula and ribs; applied to a joint formed by an articulation of the anterior scapula and the posterior thoracic rib cage.


scapulothoracic

(anatomy) Relating to the scapula and thorax.


aortocaval

In this study, we observed the heart-kidney interaction in a rat aortocaval fistula (AV) model established at one week post right kidney remove (UNX).

2015 August 8, “Aggravated Cardiac Remodeling post Aortocaval Fistula in Unilateral Nephrectomized Rats”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(anatomy) relating to the aorta and the vena cava


autoclip

(surgery) A stainless steel clip, used to close wounds, that can be removed using a forceps when the wound has healed.


bicyclol

Patients who were treated with the following drugs within 4 weeks before enrollment were also excluded from the study, including hypoglycemic or lipid-regulating (statins, fibrates) drugs, the drugs that may impact hepatic fat content (e.g. silybin, ursodeoxycholic acid, bicyclol, phosphatidylcholine and vitamin E) and Chinese herbs.

2015 August 8, “Efficacy of Berberine in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(medicine) The derivative of biphenyl, 4, 4′-dimethoxy-2, 3, 2′, 3′-bis(methylenedioxy)-6-hydroxymethyl-6′-methoxy-carbonyl biphenyl, used to treat hepatitis


plasmogenous

(hematology) That forms the blood plasma.


migalastat

From [Term?] + -stat (“enzyme inhibitor”).

Based on preclinical data, migalastat HCl in combination with agalsidase is expected to result in the pharmacokinetic (PK) enhancement of agalsidase in plasma by increasing the systemic exposure of active agalsidase, thereby leading to increased cellular levels in disease-relevant tissues.

2015 August 8, “Oral Migalastat HCl Leads to Greater Systemic Exposure and Tissue Levels of Active α-Galactosidase A in Fabry Patients when Co-Administered with Infused Agalsidase”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(pharmacology) A drug used to treat Fabry disease


velopharynx

The volume and mean cross-sectional area of nasopharynx, velopharynx and glossopharynx region showed significant difference.

2015 August 8, “Three-Dimensional Evaluation of the Upper Airway Morphological Changes in Growing Patients with Skeletal Class III Malocclusion Treated by Protraction Headgear and Rapid Palatal Expansion: A Comparative Research”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(anatomy) The region of the soft palate and the pharynx


faldaprevir

From [Term?] + -previr (“hepatitis C virus protease inhibitor”).

af

In similar pharmacokinetic studies in healthy volunteers, faldaprevir concentrations were increased by ritonavir-boosted darunavir, and decreased by tenofovir and efavirenz, which may ultimately require dose adjustments of the HCV PI in the presence of certain ARVs.

2013 December 15, Tilahun Amdissa Gemtessa, Lisa M. Chirch, “Update on Hepatitis C Virus and HIV Coinfection”, in Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology, volume 1, →DOI:

(pharmacology) An experimental drug for the treatment of hepatitis C.


lumbopelvic

This slumped sitting posture may cause strain, instability, or injury in the lumbopelvic region.

2015 August 21, Won-gyu Yoo, “Comparison of the T10 and L4 paraspinal muscle activities over time during continuous computer work”, in Journal of Physical Therapy Science, volume 27, →DOI:

(anatomy) Related to the lumbar region of the spine and to the pelvis.


osteoprotective

en-adj

osteoprotective (comparative more osteoprotective, superlative most osteoprotective)

more osteoprotective (comparative)
most osteoprotective (superlative)

Potential differences in the OC gene expression between postmenopausal women treated and not treated with HRT would allow determining if osteoprotective effect of estrogen is exerted, inter alia, by changes in metabolism of OC.

2015 August 19, Mansur Rahnama et al., “Analysis of the Influence of Hormone Replacement Therapy on Osteocalcin Gene Expression in Postmenopausal Women”, in BioMed Research International, volume 2015, →DOI:

(physiology) That protects bone from physical damage


ospemifene

From [Term?] + [Term?] + -mifene (“clomifene derivative”).

af

While raloxifene and tamoxifen have no estrogen agonist effect on the vagina, lasofoxifene and ospemifene show a positive impact on vaginal tissue in postmenopausal women.

2015 August 28, Hyun-Kyung Kim et al., “The Recent Review of the Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause”, in Journal of Menopausal Medicine, volume 21, →DOI:

(pharmacology) An oral medication used to treat dyspareunia.


perineurally

Two other recent randomized placebo-controlled studies showed no significant difference in analgesia duration when interscalene blocks with ropivacaine and sciatic nerve blocks with bupivacaine plus epinephrine were supplemented with 8-10mg dexamethasone intravenously versus perineurally.

2015 September 11, “Local Anesthetic Peripheral Nerve Block Adjuvants for Prolongation of Analgesia: A Systematic Qualitative Review”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


squeeze box

Jebby rushed to the area behind the mare's paddock. What he saw there filled him with fresh concern. Isabella was in the "squeeze box." This, he knew, was a strait jacket for animals! […] He had seen the old squeeze box sitting in the field behind the hoofed animals' paddock. Zoo keepers had used it in the days before the invention of the Tranquilizer Gun for immobilizing animals when they wanted to inoculate them or treat them for illness or injury. If the squeeze box were used unwisely, a Zoo keeper had told Jebby, an animal inside it could be squeezed almost to death. And it always caused panic as the wooden sides pressed against the trapped creature's body.

1963, Ann Cottrell Free, Forever the Wild Mare, New York, N.Y.: Dodd, Mead and Company, →OCLC:

Williams and Sawyer (1995) reported on successful techniques used on a large number of otters in the rehabilitation centers during the Exxon Valdez oil spill. Restraint equipment included heavy leather welder's gloves with long sleeves, a large salmon dip net fitted with an elongated bag of soft 1-in. mesh net, a throw net, blankets, stuff bags, and some sort of squeeze box. […] The bag is quickly placed over the head, shoulders, and thorax, and the otter is held by pressing down on the bag. This is best accomplished while the otter is in the net or squeeze box with the animal on its back and the hind legs held by a second handler[…].

2001, Pamela Tuomi, “Sea Otters”, in Leslie A. Dierauf, Frances M. D. Gulland, editors, CRC Handbook of Marine Mammal Medicine: Health, Disease, and Rehabilitation, 2nd edition, Boca Raton, Fla.: CRC Press, →ISBN, page 972:

Snakes and beaded lizards can be measured effectively in a "squeeze box" (Quinn and Jones 1974). A squeeze box immobilizes an animal by pressing it between a transparent lid and a soft foam bottom. Squeeze boxes have diverse designs[…], but basically, they are all modifications of the original described by Quinn and Jones (1974).

2012, Mercedes S. Foster, “Dealing with Live Reptiles”, in Roy W. McDiarmid et al., editors, Reptile Biodiversity: Standard Methods for Inventory and Monitoring, Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press, →ISBN, page 132:

Physical restraint devices (e.g., rabbit squeezeboxes and cat bags) are a useful adjunct to anesthesia, particularly in the induction period. Restrained rabbits quickly develop hyperthermia, however, especially when environmental temperatures are high. Physical restraint of free-living rabbits and hares should be minimal.

2014, Darryl Heard, “Lagomorphs (Rabbits, Hares, and Pikas)”, in Gary [Don] West, Darryl [J.] Heard, Nigel Caulkett, editors, Zoo Animal and Wildlife Immobilization and Anesthesia, 2nd edition, Ames, Iowa: Wiley-Blackwell, →ISBN, page 879:

(veterinary medicine) A container that fits tightly around an animal to immobilize it for medical treatment, transportation, etc.


limnemic

(pathology) suffering from chronic malaria


paravermis

Ventral OMV is active in all subjects besides S05 during this task while activity is also present in dorsal OMV for all subjects besides S03 and S04; slices are through Cb vermis and paravermis only.

2015 August 11, “Single Session Imaging of Cerebellum at 7 Tesla: Obtaining Structure and Function of Multiple Motor Subsystems in Individual Subjects”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(anatomy) A form of the vermis found in the intermediate zone of the cerebellum


neurolept

Isoflurane induced an EEG with burst suppression without any SWDs, the combination of the neurolept analgesic anaesthesia mixture allowed the occurrence of SWD after isoflurane was washed-out.

2015 August 12, “Unilateral and Bilateral Cortical Resection: Effects on Spike-Wave Discharges in a Genetic Absence Epilepsy Model”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


succenturiate

From Latin succentūriō (“to add soldiers to fill up a century; to substitute”).

der

No additional gross placental abnormalities, such as succenturiate lobe, vasa previa, or eccentric cord insertion, were identified in these cases.

2015 August 12, “Efficacy of Intrauterine Bakri Balloon Tamponade in Cesarean Section for Placenta Previa Patients”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(anatomy) Describing a small lobe that is sometimes attached to a placenta


autoregulator

LmrR was shown to be a transcriptional repressor of lmrCD expression and an autoregulator of its own expression.

2015 August 13, “Binding of the Lactococcal Drug Dependent Transcriptional Regulator LmrR to Its Ligands and Responsive Promoter Regions”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(genetics, biochemistry) Any protein that regulates its own expression


autorepression

An incomplete PadR motif is located in the p/o of lmrR, this palindromic sequence is only weakly recognized by LmrR. A proposed mechanism for the binding of LmrR to the p/o regions and the regulation of lmrCD and lmrR is as followed: the binding of two LmrR dimers to PlmrCD, together with an extensive binding of PlmrR by multiple LmrR dimers, results in a repression of lmrCD and a strong autorepression of lmrR.

(genetics, biochemistry) repression of the expression of a protein by the protein itself


basiepidermal

There are about 1500 tube feet per sea urchin, each comprised of several well-defined layers: an outer epidermis, a basiepidermal nerve plexus, a connective tissue layer and a longitudinal muscle layer lined with ciliated epithelium facing the inner water vascular lumen [13 –15 ].

2015 August 13, “Tissue Regeneration and Biomineralization in Sea Urchins: Role of Notch Signaling and Presence of Stem Cell Markers”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(anatomy) relating to the base of the epidermis


embryectomy

en-noun

embryectomy (countable and uncountable, plural embryectomies)

Placentas and endometrial tissue was collected at 52–55 days of pregnancy by surgical embryectomy which involved removal of the entire conceptus and surrounding endometrial tissue.

2015 August 13, “Differential Effects of Sodium Butyrate and Lithium Chloride on Rhesus Monkey Trophoblast Differentiation”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(surgery) Removal of an embryo/fetus, especially if implanted outside of the uterus.


paradiploid

While we find a “diploid” peak in DNA content in the MTF populations, it seems more appropriate to term it “paradiploid”, since it is known that polyploid tumor cells elicit paradiploid progeny through depolyploidizing divisions and regulated autophagic degradation [106 ].

2015 August 13, “Macrophage-Tumor Cell Fusions from Peripheral Blood of Melanoma Patients”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(genetics) Less than polyploid and greater than diploid


presinusoidal

Nearly 10% of patients infected by Schistosoma mansoni progress to the most severe form, hepatosplenic (HS) schistosomiasis, which is characterized by periportal fibrosis (PPF), obstruction by eggs of intrahepatic veins, presinusoidal portal hypertension, splenomegaly, hemodynamic and lipid abnormalities, frequently resulting in upper digestive bleeding [3 –5 ].

2015 August 13, “Splenectomy Improves Hemostatic and Liver Functions in Hepatosplenic Schistosomiasis Mansoni”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


ripasudil

Some selective ROCK inhibitors are actually used in clinical practice, for example, fasudil and ripasudil are therapeutic agents for cerebral vasospasm and glaucoma, respectively.

2015 September 15, “Morphological Changes of Human Corneal Endothelial Cells after Rho-Associated Kinase Inhibitor Eye Drop (Ripasudil) Administration: A Prospective Open-Label Clinical Study”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(pharmacology) A drug derived from fasudil and used to treat glaucoma and ocular hypertension.


sitamaquine

Apart from amphotericin B and sitamaquine that can be considered as control drugs in this screening, clofazimine was the only compound exhibiting activity in the Leishmania donovani intracellular assay as well as an acceptable level of selectivity (SI ~10) (Table 3, S4 Fig ).

2015 August 14, “Antiprotozoal Activity Profiling of Approved Drugs: A Starting Point toward Drug Repositioning”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(pharmacology) A particular aminoquinoline that may be a antileishmanial drug


aquaresis

(physiology) The excretion of water without loss of electrolytes


endotype

The phenotype is useful in treatment planning while the endotype provides insight in pathophysiological mechanisms of CRS. Therefore, investigations of the pathogenesis and the factors amplifying mucosal inflammation are therefore, of crucial importance for the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic tools.

2015 August 15, “Association of Mucosal Organisms with Patterns of Inflammation in Chronic Rhinosinusitis”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(pathology) A subtype of a pathological condition


pharyngoplasty

Interestingly, positive results have been reported in patients undergoing the combination of transoral robotic surgery for tongue base resection and expansion sphincter pharyngoplasty, which may indicate the importance of palatal surgeries that augment tension and resect the base of the tongue [32 ].

2015 August 18, “Tongue Volume Influences Lowest Oxygen Saturation but Not Apnea-Hypopnea Index in Obstructive Sleep Apnea”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(surgery) repair or reshaping of the pharynx


panus

(medicine) A lymphatic gland that is inflamed but not suppurating.


CRISPR

CRISPR (countable and uncountable, plural CRISPRs)

Acronym of clustered, regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats.

For the first time, doctors in the U.S. have used the powerful gene-editing technique CRISPR to try to treat a patient with a genetic disorder.

2019 July 29, Rob Stein, “In A 1st, Doctors In U.S. Use CRISPR Tool To Treat Patient With Genetic Disorder”, in npr:

(genetics) The CRISPR/Cas9 system, which functions to provide immunity to bacteria and archaea by finding a section of DNA and replacing it with an alternative.


veronalism

(pathology) Poisoning from veronal or other barbiturates.


counterdye

en-verb

counterdye (third-person singular simple present counterdyes, present participle counterdyeing, simple past and past participle counterdyed)

counterdyes (present singular third-person)
counterdyeing (participle present)
counterdyed (participle past)
counterdyed (past)

(cytology) To dye with a counteracting stain.


semiconfluent

(pathology) Describing the situation in which some pustules run together


superolateral

Because only half of the orbital rim is preserved (the inferior, lateral, and superolateral aspects), it is impossible to measure the exact size of the orbit, but the orbital height and width can be estimated (Tables 2 and 3 ; Figs 2 –4 ).

2015 August 20, “Papio Cranium from the Hominin-Bearing Site of Malapa: Implications for the Evolution of Modern Baboon Cranial Morphology and South African Plio-Pleistocene Biochronology”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


precerebral

There was some variability in the codes included in each set, but they generally excluded codes pertaining to occlusion of the precerebral arteries, intracranial haemorrhage other than ICH, late effects of stroke/stroke sequalae, and cerebrovascular disorders stemming from other conditions.

2015 August 21, “Validity of Diagnostic Codes for Acute Stroke in Administrative Databases: A Systematic Review”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


transrepressor

(genetics) A transfected genetic repressor.


mediofrontal

In addition, the ACC showed functional connectivity with the supplementary motor area/dorsal ACC (SMA/dACC), an area within the dorsal mediofrontal cortex, suggesting that it integrates action monitoring and emotional and cognitive processing in decision-making.

2015 August 25, “Women’s Preference for a Male Acquaintance Enhances Social Reward Processing of Material Goods in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(anatomy) In the middle of the frontal region


transversarium

The transverse process protrudes between the cranial and caudal openings of the foramen transversarium.

2015 August 25, “The Cervical Osteology of Okapia johnstoni and Giraffa camelopardalis”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(anatomy) A transverse process in a vertebra


embalming fluid

en-noun

embalming fluid (plural embalming fluids)

(medicine) A solution of various chemicals used to preserve cadavers prior to burial or cremation.


deep brain stimulation

(surgery) A neurosurgical procedure involving the implantation of a medical device called a neurostimulator which sends electrical impulses, through implanted electrodes, to specific parts of the brain for the treatment of movement and affective disorders


orthoselection

From ortho- + selection, originally coined by Ludwig Plate in 1913.

Therefore, there is evidence that orthoselection (sensu White, 1973) takes place in a karyotypic format in some lineages and particular formats in others, and could be associated with specific adaptive values that have obvious evolutionary connotations.

"Chromosomal Changes and Stasis in Marine Fish Groups" in Fish Cytogenetics, Wagner Franco Molina, p. 83

(genetics) The acquisition of a common series of rearrangements within a genetic lineage.


dystroglycanopathy

(pathology) Any disease associated with dystroglycan.


micromania

micromania (usually uncountable, plural micromanias)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-micromania.wav

(obsolete, pathology) A delusion that a body part has become small


esophagogastroscopy

(surgery) endoscopy of the esophagus and stomach


esophagogastrostomy

(surgery) The creation of a channel between the esophagus and the stomach


arterially

Transmural wedges (4 x 3 x 2 cm) from the right ventricular wall were dissected, canulated and perfused arterially with cardioplegic solution.

2015 September 17, “Molecular Cloning and Functional Expression of the Equine K + Channel K V 11.1 (Ether à Go-Go-Related/KCNH2 Gene) and the Regulatory Subunit KCNE2 from Equine Myocardium”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(anatomy) In terms of or by means of the arteries.


immunosubversive

en-adj

immunosubversive (comparative more immunosubversive, superlative most immunosubversive)

more immunosubversive (comparative)
most immunosubversive (superlative)

Furthermore, rabies virus destroys T cells by inducing the overexpression of immunosubversive molecules, such as FasL, HLA-G or B7-H1.

2015 September 19, “Infection with a Mouse-Adapted Strain of the 2009 Pandemic Virus Causes a Highly Severe Disease Associated with an Impaired T Cell Response”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(immunology) Tending to subvert the immune system


leukotoxicity

leukotoxicity (luko-tok-sis'it-e). Toxicity to leukocytes.

1916, The American illustrated medical dictionary, page 557:

Finally, Bernheimer et al. have shown a striking correlation between the leukotoxicity of certain strains of streptococci and ability of the same strains to produce DPNase.

1959, The journal of immunology, volume 83, number 1, page 83:

The purpose of the present investigation was to clarify the apparent discrepancy in the literature concerning the leukotoxicity of various streptolysin S preparations, and to study the effect of sublethal doses of streptolysin S on phagocytosis of streptococci by mouse peritoneal macrophages.

1972, Infection and immunity, volume 6, number 2, page 462:

When female lung cancer patients were treated with combinations of cyclophosphamide, vincristine, cisplatin, doxorubicin, and etoposide, they had more severe leukotoxicity when compared to males.

2016, Alyson J. McGregor, Sex and Gender in Acute Care Medicine, page 70:

(immunology) The quality of being leukotoxic.


trichorhinophalangeal

Doctor Giedeon described several children with what he called the trichorhinophalangeal syndrome because they had involvement of hair, which was sparse and thin and did not grow well, because they had involvement of their phalanges with peculiar cone-shaped epiphyses, and because they had in common a physiognomy characterized by what he called a pear-shaped nose […]

1969, Daniel Bergsma, The First Conference on the Clinical Delineation of Birth Defects: Special lectures, March of Dimes:

In the case of the trichorhinophalangeal syndrome, gene deletions can cause the disease, which may not be detected by analysis of the panel.

2015 September 19, “Use of Targeted Exome Sequencing for Molecular Diagnosis of Skeletal Disorders”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

Trichorhinophalangeal syndrome type 1 and the more severe type 3 are autosomal dominant disorders (OMIM #190350 and #190351), arising from mutation of a putative transcription factor (TRPS1).

2015, Ross E Petty, Textbook of Pediatric Rheumatology:

Langer-Giedion syndrome
Langer-Giedion syndrome#English

(anatomy) Relating to the hair, nose, and phalanges (finger or toe bones); applied to Langer-Giedion syndrome.


morbimortality

Nevertheless, AHSCT continues to have a significant morbimortality rate.

2015 September 23, “Assessing the Influence of Different Comorbidities Indexes on the Outcomes of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in a Developing Country”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


transmurally

At 24 and 72 hours, elevated numbers of CD45-IR cells were prominent transmurally through the layers of the colon wall in TNBS-only (B I-B II) and UCM-treated (E I-E II) cross sections.

2015 September 24, “Neuroprotective Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Therapy in Acute Stages of TNBS-Induced Colitis in Guinea-Pigs”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(anatomy) Passing through the wall of an organ or any other bodily structure.


vitaminergic

Its vitaminergic actions and uses are identical to those of the hydrochloride.

1995, Alfonso R. Gennaro, Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy:

We hypothesize that AA is a vitaminergic transmitter that activates the release of both FSH and LH from the anterior pituitary gland.
A schematic diagram of the hypothesized mechanism of action of AA as a vitaminergic neurotransmitter.

2001 September, S. Karanth, W. H. Yu, A. Walczewska, C. A. Mastronardi, S. M. McCann, Ascorbic acid stimulates gonadotropin release by autocrine action by means of NO, in Proc Natl Acad Sci USA (98(20): 11783–11788)

Ascorbic acid (AA) is a potent antioxidant that is known to affect mood, and it is the first known vitaminergic neurotransmitter (Karanth et al., 2000; Balz, 2003).

2013, N. S. Minka, J. O. Ayo, “Physiological and behavioral responses of goats to 12-hour road transportation, lairage and grazing periods, and the modulatory role of ascorbic acid”, in Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications:

(rare, biochemistry, neuroscience) Produced or activated by a vitamin


cochleostomy

Hair cells were more severely damaged in blood injected ears than in cochleostomy only ears.

2015 August 27, “Intracochlear Bleeding Enhances Cochlear Fibrosis and Ossification: An Animal Study”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(surgery) The formation of an opening into the cochlea


microindel

Indel and microindel start and stop coordinates were used as the genomic coordinates of the mutation and all bases that fell within these coordinates were ignored for downstream analysis.

2015 August 27, “Increasing Nucleosome Occupancy Is Correlated with an Increasing Mutation Rate so Long as DNA Repair Machinery Is Intact”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(genetics) A very short indel (less than 50 bases)


intrasellar

The rapid increase in the intrasellar contents and intrasellar pressure usually presents as sudden onset of headache.

2015 September 26, “Incidence of Pituitary Apoplexy and Its Risk Factors in Chinese People: A Database Study of Patients with Pituitary Adenoma”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


genomospecies

This operon is present in only a limited number of strains belonging to genomospecies 1, and it has been acquired once during evolution by horizontal transfer.

2015 August 28, “Bioinformatics Analysis of the Complete Genome Sequence of the Mango Tree Pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae UMAF0158 Reveals Traits Relevant to Virulence and Epiphytic Lifestyle”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biology, genetics) A species characterised by its DNA alone


hirudinize

en-verb

hirudinize (third-person singular simple present hirudinizes, present participle hirudinizing, simple past and past participle hirudinized)

hirudinizes (present singular third-person)
hirudinizing (participle present)
hirudinized (participle past)
hirudinized (past)

In the hirudin experiments to be detailed, equal parts of the same extract were employed in hirudinized and control animals.

1910, Robert T. Frank, “Has Ovotherapy An Experimental Basis?”, in Archives of Internal Medicine, volume 6, page 318:

The hirudinized blood of a control was divided evenly into four small test tubes.

1927, E.H. Rubin, Norman N. Smith, “Relation of Hemoglobin, Cell Count and Cell Volume to the Erythrocyte Sedimentation Reaction”, in Archives of Internal Medicine, volume 39, page 309:

Suitable precautions are necessary to prevent coagulation in the splenic artery and this may be accomplished either by hirudinizing the animal or, what has proved more satisfactory[…]

1927 May 25, Myron M. Weaver, “Distribution of Pancreatic Secretin”, in American Journal of Physiology, volume 82, page 110:

A 600μL blood sample acquired in hirudinized tubes (Sarstedt) was obtained to perform ADP and TRAP tests in each patient.

2015 August 29, “High Platelet Reactivity in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndromes Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Randomised Controlled Trial Comparing Prasugrel and Clopidogrel”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(medicine) To inject hirudin into blood to prevent coagulation.


code black

code black • code blue • code brown • code grey • code orange • code pink • code red • code silver • code white • code yellow

(Canada, US, medicine) The condition on the occurrence of a patient death.

(Canada, US, medicine) The condition on the occurrence of a security threat to medical facility infrastructure.

(medicine) The condition on the occurrence of the exhaustion of spaces in the emergency or casualty department.

(medicine) The condition on the occurrence of the exhaustion of spaces in the intensive care unit.


code blue

(Canada, US, medicine) The condition of the occurrence of a medical emergency.

code

to experience a code blue situation in a patient


code pink

(Canada, US, medicine) The condition on the occurrence of a neonatal medical emergency.

(Canada, US, medicine, more generally) The condition on the occurrence of a pediatric medical emergency.


code red

en-noun

code red (countable and uncountable, plural code reds)

(Canada, US, medicine) The condition on the occurrence of a fire at the medical facility.


code brown

(Canada, US, medicine) The condition of the occurrence of a hazmat situation at a medical facility.


hypoketonaemic

en-adj

hypoketonaemic (comparative more hypoketonaemic, superlative most hypoketonaemic)

more hypoketonaemic (comparative)
most hypoketonaemic (superlative)

(medicine) Alternative form of hypoketonemic


mesectodermal

Here the mesectodermal substrate was transplanted with the ectoderm, with the result that in four cases out of seven balancers developed, while in the other three development began, but was arrested.

1904, Ross Graville Harrison, Reprints of Articles on Embryology from Various Periodicals, page 385:

The cells then interdigitate to form a single-cell-wide strip that now occupies the ventral midline, the mesectodermal cells.

1991, Current Topics in Developmental Biology, volume 25, page 38:

During neurulation in chick embryos, as the neural folds fuse dorsally, CNC cells delaminate and migrate to generate several cephalic structures that comprise mesectodermal and neural derivatives.

2015 August 29, “A Novel Role for VICKZ Proteins in Maintaining Epithelial Integrity during Embryogenesis”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(embryology) Relating to the mesectoderm.


dysferlinopathy

en-noun

dysferlinopathy (countable and uncountable, plural dysferlinopathies)

(pathology) A genetic disorder caused by a deficiency of functional dysferlin protein, leading to muscle damage


staphylococcemia

staphylococcemia (usually uncountable, plural staphylococcemias)

Moreover, IFN-γ is universally considered to improve the survival of staphylococcemia mice by activating marcrophages and neutrophils to kill bacteria [45 ].

2015 August 29, “A Multiple Antigenic Peptide Mimicking Peptidoglycan Induced T Cell Responses to Protect Mice from Systemic Infection with Staphylococcus aureus”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(pathology) The presence of staphylococci in the blood


APDS

(medicine) Initialism of activated phosphoinositide 3-kinase delta syndrome.


intrascrotal

Spermatoceles are intrascrotal cysts containing sperm that derive from the small tubules of the epididymis.

Triorchidism has been the most commonly reported manifestation, with the supernumerary testis or testes most frequently intrascrotal and less than 10% residing intraabdominally [2],[7].

2013 January 7, Chloe B. Wilcox, Rachel D'Cruz, Andrew J.A. Holland, “Polyorchism in association with an undescended testis and testicular atrophy: Report of a unique case and review of the literature”, in Journal of Pediatric Surgery Case Reports, volume 1, number 1, →DOI, page e7:


cephalosomatic

In medical terms, it would be a cephalosomatic anastomosis, the first of its kind.

2015 October 3, Tom Lamont, “'I'll do the first human head transplant'”, in The Guardian:

(anatomy) Relating to the head and the rest of the body


enteroenteric

(biology, medicine) Concerning segments of intestine, often with reference to a fistula therebetween, as:

enteroenteric intussusception

enteroenteric fistulas

Concerning segments of small intestine, usually with reference to an intussusception thereof or a fistula therebetween.

enteroenteric circulation

(biology, medicine) Relating to transport of matter from, then back to, the intestines.


sublaterodorsal

Other reports have shown that a missing excitatory pathway of hypocretin neurons to sublaterodorsal tegmental nucleus, one of regional areas inferred to be associated with RWA, might be associated with the formation of RWA in narcolepsy[43 ].

2015 September 1, “Polysomnographic Assessment of Sleep Comorbidities in Drug-Naïve Narcolepsy-Spectrum Disorders—A Japanese Cross-Sectional Study”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


iridencleisis

From irido- + Ancient Greek ἐγκλίνω (enklínō).

[…] or leave it in the aperture of the cornea, so that it may be strangulated, and ultimately become adherent thereto, constituting what has been termed iridencleisis.

1843, John Walker, The Oculist's Vade-mecum: A Complete Practical System of Opthalmic Surgery, page 193:

(surgery) A surgical procedure for glaucoma in which a portion of the iris is incised and incarcerated in a limbal incision.


monodigit

[…] the sequential severity of deficiency ranged from a partial defect of phalanges of the middle finger to a monodigit hand.

1982, {unattibuted}, Excerpta medica. Section 34: Plastic surgery - Volume 13

(medicine) (of a hand) having only one finger


transradial

Recently, the transradial access for CCA became of more interest, as it showed less local vascular complications at the entry site [43 ], but the utilization of a transradial approach still varies strongly among countries [44 ].

2015 September 2, “Acceptance of Combined Coronary CT Angiography and Myocardial CT Perfusion versus Conventional Coronary Angiography in Patients with Coronary Stents—Intraindividual Comparison”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


debrider

(surgery) A device, used in ENT surgery, to remove polyps etc from the sinuses


angiostenosis

They were confirmed free from the previous history of stroke and infarcts through examination of brain CT or MRI, and without severe atherosclerosis or angiostenosis on TCD or cerebrovascular CT or MR angiography.

2015 September 4, “Association of TRAIL and Its Receptors with Large-Artery Atherosclerotic Stroke”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(pathology) The narrowing of a blood vessel


hyperhemolysis

Moreover, the reticulocyte count of the patients with TRJV ≥ 2.5 m/sec was not high enough to indicate the presence of hyperhemolysis given that thirty-three patients with normal TRJV were taking HU, which inhibits erythropoiesis and decreases the reticulocyte count thus maximizing the difference between the 2 groups of patients.

2015 September 4, “Risk Factors of Pulmonary Hypertension in Brazilian Patients with Sickle Cell Anemia”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


normochromatic

Genotoxicity and antigenotoxicity were assessed by the frequency of MNPCE, whereas cytotoxicity and anticytotoxicity were evaluated by the PCE and normochromatic erythrocytes (NCE) ratio (PCE/NCE).

2015 September 4, “Genotoxic, Cytotoxic, Antigenotoxic, and Anticytotoxic Effects of Sulfonamide Chalcone Using the Ames Test and the Mouse Bone Marrow Micronucleus Test”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(cytology) Having a normal colour (when stained)


parasymphysis

In general, the most common sites of mandibular fracture are the condyle and angle (especially in the presence of an impacted or semi-erupted third molar), mental foramen or body, parasymphysis, and any part of the dental alveolus.

2015 September 4, “Clinical Features and Treatment Modes of Mandibular Fracture at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shimane University Hospital, Japan”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(anatomy) The point at which both halves of the mandible are fused together


pathoglycemia

Calcineurin is a central signaling controller in eukaryotes[17 ]; thus, tacrolimus treatment often results in hypertension, pathoglycemia and other multi-systemic side effects[18 ,19 ].

2015 September 10, “Angiopoietin-Like-4, a Potential Target of Tacrolimus, Predicts Earlier Podocyte Injury in Minimal Change Disease”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(pathology) A pathological level of sugar in the blood


posterolaterodorsal

A, occipital region in posterolaterodorsal view.

2015 September 10, “Anatomy of the Enigmatic Reptile Elachistosuchus huenei Janensch, 1949 (Reptilia: Diapsida) from the Upper Triassic of Germany and Its Relevance for the Origin of Sauria”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


subadjacent

Interestingly, the iridophores, which are neurally controlled structural reflectors [21 ,22 ] that lie subadjacent to the chromatophore layer [3 ,23 ], do not bind any of the antibodies we used.

2015 September 10, “An Unexpected Diversity of Photoreceptor Classes in the Longfin Squid, Doryteuthis pealeii”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


subcapital

Main experiments were performed using bone marrow obtained from the femoral head at the time of surgery for total hip replacement of seven patients with osteoarthritis (six males and one female. Median age 77 years, range [59–82]) and six healthy donors suffering traumatic subcapital fracture (one male and five females. Median age 82 years, range [64–92]), OA diagnosis was established according to the American College of Rheumatology criteria.

2015 September 10, “Altered Expression of Wnt Signaling Pathway Components in Osteogenesis of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Osteoarthritis Patients”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(anatomy) Beneath the head of a long bone (especially the femur).


subthecodont

Tooth implantation is subthecodont as μCT images show that the teeth sit in shallow sockets (but see below).

(anatomy, of teeth) Located in shallow sockets


connectology

This system became the predominant peritoneal dialysis (PD) connectology over the next few years.

2012, Ing Todd S, Dialysis: History, Development And Promise, page 570:

(medicine, rare) The configuration according to which devices, tubes, etc. are connected.


normolipemia

(pathology) A normal concentration of lipid in the blood.


acyesis

Permanent acyesis ensued, but general health of subject remained good.

1884, The Journal of the American Medical Association - Volume 3, page 110:

(medicine) The inability to conceive; sterility.

(medicine) The state of not being pregnant.


hypogranulosis

hypogranulosis (countable and uncountable, plural hypogranuloses)

The hypogranulosis formed in human psoriasis was absent in the mouse model tested in the present work.

2015 September 11, “Using Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasis-Like Skin as a Model to Measure the Skin Penetration of Anti-Psoriatic Drugs”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(pathology) A decrease in the thickness of the stratum granulosum


anticancerogenic

Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids suppress HMG-CoA reductase and have anticancerogenic properties through the induction of cell necrosis or apoptosis [19 ,20 ].

2015 September 12, “Highly Selective Anti-Cancer Activity of Cholesterol-Interacting Agents Methyl-β-Cyclodextrin and Ostreolysin A/Pleurotolysin B Protein Complex on Urothelial Cancer Cells”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


trabeculitis

trabeculitis (countable and uncountable, plural trabeculites)

Another possible mechanism is inflammation, such as drug-induced trabeculitis or uveitis [11 ].

2015 September 12, “Intraocular Pressure Changes in Non-Glaucomatous Patients Receiving Intravitreal Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Agents”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(pathology) inflammation of the trabeculae


mogamulizumab

From [Term?] + -li- (“immunomodulating”) + -zumab (“humanized monoclonal antibody”).

af

(pharmacology) A humanized monoclonal antibody used to treat adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma.


onartuzumab

From [Term?] + -tu- (“tumor”) + -zumab (“humanized monoclonal antibody”).

This publication describes the safety profile of onartuzumab in patients with solid tumors using data from the global onartuzumab clinical development program.

2015 October 8, “Safety of Onartuzumab in Patients with Solid Tumors: Experience to Date from the Onartuzumab Clinical Trial Program”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(pharmacology) A humanized monoclonal antibody designed to treat cancer.


slippery sequence

en-noun

slippery sequence (plural slippery sequences)

(genetics) A small section of codon nucleotide sequences that controls the rate of ribosomal frameshifting.


endotheliosis

As a consequence, the vascular endothelium is damaged and eventually glomerular endotheliosis are^([sic]) developed, a pathognomonic kidney damage that occurs in PE. This damage eventually contributes to development of hypertension and proteinuria, the clinical hallmarks of PE. Hb is normally found enclosed by the erythrocyte membranes.

2015 September 15, “The Human Endogenous Protection System against Cell-Free Hemoglobin and Heme Is Overwhelmed in Preeclampsia and Provides Potential Biomarkers and Clinical Indicators”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(pathology) Any disease associated with the endothelium


hyperbiliverdinemia

However, these previous experiments examined genetic variants, incidence of disease, or hyperbiliverdinemia, and thus may have documented patterns not typical of more common processes.

2015 September 15, “Interactions between Biliverdin, Oxidative Damage, and Spleen Morphology after Simulated Aggressive Encounters in Veiled Chameleons”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(pathology) The presence of a more than usual amount of biliverdin in the blood


biliverdinemia

(pathology) The presence of biliverdin in the blood


hypercalcinemia

In terms of the mechanism and relevance of the high expression of ICAM-1 in sarcoidosis patients, current research has demonstrated that alveolar macrophages associated with the sarcoidosis granulation tissue could synthesize and release 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol, leading to hypercalcinemia.

2015 September 15, “Screening for Differentially Expressed Proteins Relevant to the Differential Diagnosis of Sarcoidosis and Tuberculosis”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(pathology) An excessive level of calcium in the blood


calcinemia

Moreover, prolonged calcinemia and increased elimination of calcium with the urine may cause formation of kidney stones along the urine elimination pathways, calcification of the walls of the vessels, ligaments, muscles, etc.

2015, Vasiliĭ Vasilʹevich Parin, Weightlessness: medical and biological research, page 214:

(pathology, very rare) The presence of calcium (ions) in the blood.


hyperfiltrating

The present investigation is the first to compare the effects of acetazolamide to those of an equipotent natriuretic agent and the first to investigate these effects in hyperfiltrating non-diabetic obese subjects.

2015 September 15, “Effect of Acetazolamide on Obesity-Induced Glomerular Hyperfiltration: A Randomized Controlled Trial”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(pathology) that are undergoing hyperfiltration


hypofiltrating

Is the hypofiltrating effect of acetazolamide maintained in the long-term?

(pathology) that are undergoing hypofiltration; that causes hypofiltration


hypofiltration

(pathology) A decrease in the rate of glomerular filtration of the kidneys


immunometabolism

In fact, a novel research area termed immunometabolism has emerged from the study of AT’s roles in metabolism and immunity, which contribute to the pathogenesis of obesity-associated dysfunctions [23, 24 ].

2015 September 15, “Characterization of In Vitro Engineered Human Adipose Tissues: Relevant Adipokine Secretion and Impact of TNF-α”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(immunology, biochemistry) The study of the interaction between the immune system and metabolism


iodopovidone

After cleaning the surgical areas with iodopovidone, the swine were then instrumented with a right internal jugular pulmonary artery catheter through an 8 French introducer, a right femoral vein 10 French introducer and a right femoral artery triple lumen catheter.

2015 September 15, “Inhaled Carbon Monoxide Protects against the Development of Shock and Mitochondrial Injury following Hemorrhage and Resuscitation”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(pharmacology) Synonym of povidone-iodine


nonwasting

a nonwasting disease


musculotendon

Researchers suggest that the Achilles tendon, plantar fascia, anterior talo-fibular ligament of the specific musculotendon, and ligamentous structures are more susceptible to severe injury risks in badminton than in other sports because of the unique and repetitive movements, such as frequent stop-and-go maneuvers, required in a badminton game [18 ].

2015 September 15, “Characteristics of Plantar Loads in Maximum Forward Lunge Tasks in Badminton”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(anatomy) A tendon together with its attached muscle.


subpetrosal

To avoid injury to the subpetrosal sinuses, the width of the penetration of the clivus in the posterior wall of the sphenoid sinus should be limited within 10.36±0.45 mm from the mid-sagittal line in the plane passing through the lowest, central point of the SF; less than 10.76±0.43mm from the mid-sagittal line, in the plane passing through the aperture of the sphenoid sinus; and 10.55±0.45 mm from the mid-sagittal line.

2015 September 15, “Safe Corridor to Access Clivus for Endoscopic Trans-Sphenoidal Surgery: A Radiological and Anatomical Study”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(anatomy) Beneath the petrous part of the temporal bone


transfrag

A single consensus transfrag covers the entire TRα1 coding sequence (exons 2–9), and two non-overlapping transfrags cover all but 25 nt of the Rev-erbα coding sequence (exons 1–8).

2015 September 15, “Evolution of the Antisense Overlap between Genes for Thyroid Hormone Receptor and Rev-erbα and Characterization of an Exonic G-Rich Element That Regulates Splicing of TRα2 mRNA”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(genetics) A transcribed fragment (of DNA)


adipescent

en-adj

adipescent (comparative more adipescent, superlative most adipescent)

more adipescent (comparative)
most adipescent (superlative)

The liver appears to have also been in the adipescent state.

1850, The edinburgh medical and surgical journal, page 458:

The size and weight which the adipescent liver may acquire varies from five to eight or nine pounds.

1851, David Craigie, Elements of general and pathological anatomy, page 901:

The earliest sign of fat cell differentiation in the adipescent fibroblasts is the appearance of small cytoplasmic vacuoles.

2000, Jeffrey A. Klein, Tumescent Technique:


d/o

What eating d/o is characterized by episodes of binge eating associated with emotional distress and accompanied by compensatory behaviors aimed at preventing weight gain? ¶ Bulimia nervosa

2006, John H. Naheedy, Daniel A. Orringer, Khashayar Mohebali, Peter F. Aziz, Susie Lim, Déjà Review™ USMLE Step 2 CK, 2nd edition, McGraw-Hill, published 2010, →ISBN, page 207:


secondary intention

(medicine) Allowing a wound to heal without being sutured.


nontender

(medicine) Not tender; said of body parts or lesions that do not trigger discomfort upon palpation


RIS

(medicine, software, initialism, acronym) Abbreviation of radiological information system.


hip fracture

From hip + fracture, from being a fracture of the leg, located near, but below, the hip.

Coordinate term: pelvic fracture (fracture to the hip bone)

(medicine) A break to the upper quarter of the femur (the femoral head or the femoral neck), impairing the hip joint.


ferroquine

(pharmacology) A particular antimalarial drug.


-onium

Alternative form: -ium

quaternary ammonium compound
quaternary ammonium compound#English

neuromuscular blocking agent
w:neuromuscular-blocking drug

(pharmacology) Used to form names of quaternary ammonium compounds used as neuromuscular blocking agents, cholinergic agents, anticholinergic agents, antibacterials/antiseptics, or other agents.


high anion gap metabolic acidosis

en-noun

high anion gap metabolic acidosis (countable and uncountable, plural high anion gap metabolic acidoses)

high anion gap metabolic acidoses (plural)

(pathology) a form of metabolic acidosis characterized by a high anion gap


anion gap

(physiology) The difference between the levels of cations and anions in serum, plasma or urine (not counting hydrogen ions, bicarbonate and similar ions that determine the pH of the liquid)


lithotripsic

en-adj

lithotripsic (comparative more lithotripsic, superlative most lithotripsic)

more lithotripsic (comparative)
most lithotripsic (superlative)


andromedin

(physiology) A growth factor that is mediated by androgens


phagostimulant

The infectious meal was prepared with fresh washed bovine red cells, viral supernatant (1:2) and adenosine triphosphate at 5 mM as phagostimulant.

2015 September 16, “Use of Centrifugal Filter Devices to Concentrate Dengue Virus in Mosquito per os Infection Experiments”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(pharmacology) Any material that stimulates the production of phagocytes.


atelosteogenesis

en-noun

atelosteogenesis (countable and uncountable, plural atelosteogeneses)

Mutations in this gene are responsible for four recessively inherited chondrodysplasias, including diastrophic dysplasia, multiple epiphyseal dysplasia, atelosteogenesis type 2, and achondrogenesis 1B.

2015 September 17, “Solute Carrier Family 26 Member a2 ( slc26a2 ) Regulates Otic Development and Hair Cell Survival in Zebrafish”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(pathology) incomplete osteogenesis; any pathological condition caused by this


pericalcarine

The thalamus seed mask used in this study corresponds to the Thalamus-Proper parcellation in the Desikan-Killiany Atlas while the visual cortex target mask was obtained by merging the pericalcarine, cuneus, lateraloccipital, lingual and precuneus parcellations.

2015 September 17, “Improved Framework for Tractography Reconstruction of the Optic Radiation”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(anatomy) Surrounding the calcar of the brain


dolutegravir

From [Term?] + -tegravir (“HIV integrase inhibitor”).

af

Indeed, French regulations’ approval for the dolutegravir and the elvitegravir are posterior to the end of the data collection for this study.

2015 October 21, “Antiretroviral Regimens and CD4/CD8 Ratio Normalization in HIV-Infected Patients during the Initial Year of Treatment: A Cohort Study”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(pharmacology) An integrase inhibitor used to treat HIV infections.


portoenterostomy

A common pathophysiologic finding is failure to excrete bile from the liver on nuclear imaging, mandating surgical drainage with portoenterostomy.

2015 September 18, “The Role of ARF6 in Biliary Atresia”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(surgery) A form of anastomosis of the jejunum to the porta hepatis region


arthrolysis

Open arthrolysis remains the gold standard for treatment of post-traumatic elbow stiffness.

2015 September 19, “Complications of Open Elbow Arthrolysis in Post-Traumatic Elbow Stiffness: A Systematic Review”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(surgery) The restoration of mobility in stiff, ankylosed joints by disrupting articular adhesions


mesocardium

However, in quail, increased VEGF signalling causes endocardial cell hyperplasia in the dorsal mesocardium region and affects heart development.

2015 September 19, “TBX1 Represses Vegfr2 Gene Expression and Enhances the Cardiac Fate of VEGFR2+ Cells”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(anatomy) The structure of splanchnic mesoderm that supports the embryonic heart in the pericardial cavity. In the adult, it refers to any one of two tube-like prolongations of the epicardium. One encloses the aorta and pulmonary trunk and the second all pulmonary veins.


MPB

male pattern baldness
male pattern baldness#English

(dermatology) Initialism of male pattern baldness.


paristhmion

Borrowed from Ancient Greek παρίσθμιον (parísthmion), from παρά (pará, “beside”) + ἰσθμός (isthmós, “neck, throat”).


syncopial

A patient who has experienced a syncopial episode may faint again soon after recovery.

(medicine) of, or related to the loss of consciousness


adipopexis

From adipo- + πῆξις (pêxis, “fixation”).

(physiology) The storage of fat in tissue.


pseudodominance

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-pseudodominance.wav

(genetics) The situation in which the inheritance of a recessive trait mimics a dominant pattern.


synfire

Short for synchronous firing; first used by Moshe Abeles in 1982.

(neuroscience) Being or relating to a feedforward network of neurons with multiple layers or pools, where neural impulses propagate synchronously back and forth from layer to layer.


elephant leg

en-noun

elephant leg (countable and uncountable, plural elephant legs)

Individuals who enjoy every comfort, and who are not exposed to great vicissitudes of temperature or changes of weather, are as liable to elephant leg as those who endure the hardships and privations of life.

1833, Sir John Forbes, editor, The cyclopaedia of practical medicine, Elephantiasis Arabum:

(medicine, obsolete, uncountable) Elephantiasis of the leg.


debouchment

debouchment (countable and uncountable, plural debouchments)

(medicine) Opening or emptying into another part


normozoospermia

(medicine) A normal level of sperm production.


etherism

From ether + -ism.
* (US) IPA⁽ᵏᵉʸ⁾: /ˈi.θəɹˌɪ.zm̩/

IPA

/ˈi.θəɹˌɪ.zm̩/

(medicine, archaic) The state of intoxication caused by ether.


etherist

(medicine, archaic) A medical professional who uses ether as an anaesthetic.

(medicine, archaic) One who uses ether as a recreational drug.