A

* (highest rank, grade, music): From the initial position of the letter A in the English alphabet.
* (blood type): From A antigen

My blood type is A negative.

(medicine) A blood type that has a specific antigen that aggravates the immune response in people with type B antigen in their blood. People with this blood type may receive blood from type A or type O but cannot receive blood from AB or B.


head

en-noun

head (countable and uncountable, plural heads or head)

→ Japanese: ヘッド (heddo)

Sranan Tongo: ede

Aukan: ede

Saramaccan: hédi

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *kap-
Proto-Indo-European *káput-
Proto-Germanic *haubudą
Old English hēafod
Middle English heed
English head
From Middle English hed, heed, heved, heaved, from Old English hēafd-, hēafod (“head; top; source, origin; chief, leader; capital”), from Proto-West Germanic *haubud, from Proto-Germanic *haubudą (“head”), from Proto-Indo-European *káput. The modern word comes from Old English oblique stem hēafd-, the expected Modern English outcome for hēafod would be *heaved (similar to the Middle English word). Doublet of cape, capo, caput, chef, chief, and Howth.
Cognate with Scots heid, hede, hevid, heved (“head”), Old English hafola (“head”), North Frisian hood (“head”), Dutch hoofd (“head”), German Haupt (“head”), Swedish huvud (“head”), Danish hoved (“head”), Icelandic höfuð (“head”), Latin caput (“head”), Sanskrit कपाल (kapāla, “skull”), Hindi कपाल (kapāl, “skull”).

頭

つぶり, tsuburi, つぃぶる, tsiburu, つぃぶるぃ, tsiburi

pää

principal operative part of a machine or tool

have one's head screwed on the right way

know one's head from a hole in the ground

run around like a chicken with its head cut off

would lose one's head if it wasn't attached

would lose one's head if it wasn't bolted on

would lose one's head if it wasn't glued on

would lose one's head if it wasn't screwed on

would lose one's head if it wasn't stuck on

would lose one's head if it wasn't tied on

would lose one's head if it weren't attached

you can't put an old head on young shoulders

you can't put a wise head on young shoulders

(countable) The topmost, foremost, or leading part.

(medicine) The end of an abscess where pus collects.

pää

medicine: the end of an abscess where pus collects

(anatomy) The rounded part of a bone fitting into a depression in another bone to form a ball-and-socket joint.


fabella

Borrowed from New Latin fabella, diminutive of Latin faba (“bean”).

(anatomy) One of the small sesamoid bones situated behind the condyles of the femur, in some mammals.


abarticulation

* From ab- + articulation.
* Compare French abarticulation. See article

(anatomy) An articulation, especially one that permits free motion in the joint; a hinge joint.

διάρθρωση

articulation that permits free motion in the joint

diarthrosis

an articulation, especially one that permits free motion

(anatomy) A term sometimes used for diarthrosis, and also for synarthrosis. Also called dearticulation.


abdomen

First attested in 1541. Borrowed from Middle French abdomen, from Latin abdomen, possibly from abdō (“conceal”), from ab (“away”) + -dō (“put, place”).

(anatomy) The belly, or that part of the body between the thorax and the pelvis, not including the back; or in some lower vertebrates, the portion between the cardiac and caudal regions.

He was all bent over complaining of pains in the abdomen.

(anatomy) The cavity of the belly, which is lined by the peritoneum, and contains the viscera; often restricted in humans to the part between the diaphragm and the commencement of the pelvis, the remainder being called the pelvic cavity.


abdominoscopy

(medicine) Examination of the abdomen to detect abdominal disease, using an endoscope.

აბდომინოსკოპია

Examination of the abdomen using an endoscope


abduct

en-verb

abduct (third-person singular simple present abducts, present participle abducting, simple past and past participle abducted)

abducts (present singular third-person)
abducting (participle present)
abducted (participle past)
abducted (past)

From Latin abductus, perfect passive participle of abduco (“to lead away”), from ab (“away”) + duco (“to lead”).
* (physiology): Back-formation from abduction.

(transitive, anatomy) To draw away, as a limb or other part, from the median axis of the body.


abduction

en-noun

abduction (countable and uncountable, plural abductions)

From Latin abductiō (“robbing; abduction”), from abdūcō (“take or lead away”), from ab (“away”) + dūcō (“to lead”). Equivalent to abduct + -ion.
* (physiology): From French, from Latin abductus.
* Compare French abduction.

2013, Jain, MD, MSPH; Wilcox, PT; Katz, MD, MS; Higgins, MD, "Clinical Examination of the Rotator Cuff", PM&R Journal, retrieved from PubMed Central on 21 Jan 2018.
Abduction is performed by asking the patient to raise the arm at the side as high as they can with the examiner stabilizing the scapula by holding it down.

(anatomy) The act of abducing or abducting; a drawing apart; the movement which separates a limb or other part from the axis, or middle line, of the body.

абду́кция

physiology: movement separating limb from axis


abductor

abductor (plural abductors or abductores)

From Medieval Latin abductor, from abdūcō + -tor.

the abductor oculi draws the eye outward.

(anatomy) A muscle which serves to draw a part out, or from the median line of the body


aberration

aberration (countable and uncountable, plural aberrations)

/ˌæb.əˈɹeɪ.ʃn̩/

A learned borrowing from Latin aberrātiō(n) (“relief, diversion”), first attested in 1594, from aberrō (“wander away, go astray”), from ab (“away”) + errō (“wander”). Compare French aberration. By surface analysis, aberrat(e) + -ion.

абера́ция

astronomy: small periodical change of position of heavenly bodies

(medicine) A deviation of a tissue, organ or mental functions from what is considered to be within the normal range.


abevacuation

From Latin ab (“from”) + evacuare (“evacuation”).


abirritant

en-adj

abirritant (comparative more abirritant, superlative most abirritant)

more abirritant (comparative)
most abirritant (superlative)

From ab- (prefix from Latin ab (“from”)) + irritant, from French irritant, from Latin irrītō (“to irritate”).

af

prefix from Latin <i class="Latn mention" lang="la">ab</i> (“from”)

(medicine) Acting to diminish irritation; soothing.


abirritant

(pharmacology) A medicine that diminishes irritation.


abirritate

en-verb

abirritate (third-person singular simple present abirritates, present participle abirritating, simple past and past participle abirritated)

abirritates (present singular third-person)
abirritating (participle present)
abirritated (participle past)
abirritated (past)

/æbˈɪɹ.ɪˌteɪt/

(transitive, medicine) To diminish the sensibility of; to debilitate; to soothe.


abirritation

/ˌæb.ɪɹ.ɪˈteɪ.ʃn̩/

(medicine) A pathological condition opposite to that of irritation; debility; asthenia; atony.

(medicine) Decreased response to stimuli.


abirritative

en-adj

abirritative (comparative more abirritative, superlative most abirritative)

more abirritative (comparative)
most abirritative (superlative)

(pharmacology) Characterized by abirritation or debility.


ablation

en-noun

ablation (countable and uncountable, plural ablations)

From Late Middle English ablacioun (“removal”), from Late Latin ablātiō (“a taking away”), from auferō (“to take away, carry off, withdraw, remove”) + -tiō (“-tion”, nominal suffix); equivalent to ablate + -ion. Doublet of ablatio. Compare French ablation.

af

(surgery) The surgical removal of a body part, an organ, or especially a tumor; the removal of an organ function; amputation.


ablative

From Middle English ablative, ablatife, ablatyf, ablatif, from Old French ablatif (“the ablative case”), from Latin ablātīvus (“expressing removal”), from ablātus (“taken away”), from auferō (“I take away”). The engineering/nautical sense originates from ablate + -ive.

der

(medicine) Relating to the removal of a body part, tumor, or organ.


ablepsy

(medicine, rare) Alternative form of ablepsia


abluent

en-adj

abluent (comparative more abluent, superlative most abluent)

more abluent (comparative)
most abluent (superlative)

From Latin abluēns, present active participle of abluō (“I wash off or away; cleanse, purify”), from ab (“from, away from”) + lavō (“I wash, cleanse”). See lave.

(pharmacology) Washing away; carrying off impurities; detergent.


abort

en-verb

abort (third-person singular simple present aborts, present participle aborting, simple past and past participle aborted)

aborts (present singular third-person)
aborting (participle present)
aborted (participle past)
aborted (past)

From Latin abortare, from abortus, from aboriri (“miscarry”), from ab- (“not”) + oriri (“come into being, arise, appear”).

Women have aborted, men have committed suicide, and both men and women have been thrown into convulsions during the fearful agony of renal colic.

1785, Henry Morris, Surgical Diseases of the Kidney, page 458:

In the study group ll patients aborted spontaneously between the 17th and 20th gestational week and 8 patients aborted after the 21st week.

1983, M. D. Bennett, Chromosomes Today: Volume 8 Proceedings of the Eighth International Chromosome Conference, page 346:

(intransitive, now rare outside medicine) To miscarry; to bring forth (non-living) offspring prematurely.


abortifacient

en-adj

abortifacient (comparative more abortifacient, superlative most abortifacient)

more abortifacient (comparative)
most abortifacient (superlative)

First attested in 1875. abort + -facient (“causing an”), from Latin facere (“to make”).

The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles

Oxford University Press
w:Oxford University Press


abortifacient

(pharmacology) A drug or an agent that induces an abortion.


abortion

en-noun

abortion (countable and uncountable, plural abortions)

From Latin abortiōnem (“miscarriage, abortion”), from aborior (“to miscarry”). Equivalent to abort + -ion. Displaced native Old English ǣwyrp (literally “throwing out, rejection”).

surkastuma

fruit/produce that doesn't come to maturity

Swines-bread, so used, doth not onely speed / A tardy labour; but (without great heed) / If over it a Child-great Woman stride, / Instant abortion often doth betide.

1605 [1578], Josuah, transl. Sylvester, “The Third Day of the First Week”, in Devine Weekes and Workes, translation of La Premiere Sepmaine by Guillaume de Salluste Du Bartas, lines 693–696:

At any time after impregnation, abortion may take place: it is one of the most common complaints of pregnancy, whence it is a matter of no small consequence that every practitioner should well understand it.

1809, William Nicholson, The British Encyclopaedia, volume IV:

spontaneous abortion
spontaneous abortion

(medicine) The expulsion from the womb of a foetus or embryo before it is fully developed, with loss of the foetus.

(now uncommon in general use) A spontaneous abortion; a miscarriage.

Mary decided to have an abortion because she was too young to raise a baby.

It is impossible for an abortion clinic to have a waiting list of more than nine months.

1997, George Carlin, Brain Droppings, New York: Hyperion Books, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 93:

The story of Ms. He and her mother began in the early 1960s, shortly before the Cultural Revolution shook China. Her young parents, who worked in a pottery factory in Rongchang in present-day Chongqing municipality, conceived her while unmarried. “They were told by the factory, ‘Have an abortion or be fired’,” she said. They chose to keep her and were fired.

2014 January 20, Didi Kirsten Tatlow, “‘She. Herself. Naked.': The Art of He Chengyao”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-08-16, Sinosphere:

Representative Tim Murphy of Pennsylvania will resign from Congress after claims that the anti-abortion Republican had urged a woman he was having an extramarital affair with to have an abortion.

2017 October 5, Ben Jacobs, The Guardian:

人工妊娠中絶

じんこうにんしんちゅうぜつ


abortive

en-adj

abortive (comparative more abortive, superlative most abortive)

more abortive (comparative)
most abortive (superlative)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Mélange a trois-abortive.wav

First attested in 1382, with the meaning "causing stillbirth or miscarriage". From Middle English abortif, from Old French abortif, from Latin abortīvus (“causing abortion”), from aborior (“miscarry, disappear”), from ab (“amiss”) + orior (“appear, be born, arise”).

abortive medicines

1809, Bartholomew Parr, Medical Dictionary:

Each country may have a different prevalence of infectious abortive agents. The most common agents of abortion in cattle are Brucella spp., Campylobacter spp., Chlamydiaceae, Coxiella burnetii, Leptospira spp., […]

2018 May, Carla Sebastiania, Ludovica Curcioa, Marcella Ciulloa, Deborah Crucianib, Silvia Crottib, Cristina Pescab, Martina Torricellia, Martina Sebastianellia, Andrea Felicic, Massimo Biagetti, “A multi-screening Fast qPCR approach to the identification of abortive agents in ruminants”, in Journal of Microbiological Methods, volume 148, →DOI, page 12:

(medicine, pharmacology, rare) Causing abortion; abortifacient.

abortive treatment of typhoid fever

Even with prophylaxis, children often experience episodic breakthrough headaches that require abortive treatment. […] Abortive therapies in the ED include dopamine antagonists and anti-inflammatory agents.

2016 December, David C. Sheridan, Garth D. Meckler, “Inpatient Pediatric Migraine Treatment: Does Choice of Abortive Therapy Affect Length of Stay?”, in The Journal of Pediatrics, volume 179, →DOI, page 211:

(medicine) Cutting short; acting to halt or slow the progress (of a disease).

(medicine, of a disease) Having a short and mild progression, without pronounced symptoms.

abortív

medicine: having a short and mild progression


abrasion

en-noun

abrasion (countable and uncountable, plural abrasions)

/əˈbɹeɪ.ʒn̩/

First attested in 1656. From French abrasion (attested since 1611), from Medieval Latin abrasio (“a scraping”), from Latin abrādō (“scrape off”). See also abrade.

(medicine) A superficial wound caused by scraping; an area of skin where the cells on the surface have been scraped or worn away.

(dentistry) The wearing away of the surface of the tooth by chewing.

kuluminen

dentistry: wearing away of the surface of the tooth


abscess

From Latin abscessus (“a going away; gathering of humors, abscess”), from abscēdō (“go away, depart”), from abs (“away from”) + cēdō (“go”). See cede.

der

(pathology) A cavity caused by tissue destruction, usually because of infection, filled with pus and surrounded by inflamed tissue.


acantha

From Ancient Greek ἄκανθα (ákantha, “thorn”), from ἀκή (akḗ, “thorn”) + ἄνθος (ánthos, “flower”).

af

Moreover, all the outgrowths which I have said constitute the acantha are not of equal size in all the vertebrae, and Nature has done this with wonderful forethought.

1968, Margaret Tallmadge May, Galen on the usefulness of the parts of the body, translation of original by Galen, page 581:

Individual vertebral bodies (right) as seen from the side and from above. The acantha is the spiney projection on the right of each illustration: in the lower illustration the boney spinal canal is shown between the acantha and the vertebral body.

1980, Renate Zauner, Speaking of Children's Posture Problems and the Injuries They Cause, page 55:

Rotary strokes or stationary circles in the direction of the flank / Alternate from the acantha of the vertebral column in the direction of the flank (medial to lateral)

2005, Michael Foeldi, Roman Strossenreuther, Foundations of Manual Lymph Drainage, page 73:

(anatomy) A spinous process of a vertebra.


acardiac

From Ancient Greek ἀκάρδιος (akárdios, “without a heart”) + -ac, after cardiac; by surface analysis, a- + cardi- + -ac.

der

The fact of a perfect circulation in acardiac fœtuses and acardiac animals, seems strongly to indicate an important influence in the arteries.

1831, Marshall Hall, A Critical and Experimental Essay on the Circulation of the Blood, page 76:


acarine

By surface analysis, acar- + -ine; either coined as such, or perhaps predating the prefix per se; see acarid § Etymology.

acarine diseases

(medicine) Of or caused by acari or mites.


acceptor

From Middle English acceptour, from Latin acceptor, with the meanings from accept.

(physiology) A cluster of skin cells that respond to pain


accipiter

(medicine, surgery) A bandage applied over the nose, resembling the claw of a hawk.


accoucheur

Attested since 1727. Borrowed from French accoucheur, from accoucher (“to go to childbed, be delivered”), from Old French culcher (“to lie”), from Latin collocō (“I place, put, set in order, assign”), from con- + locō (“I put, place, set”). See accouchement.

And lastly, obstetrical chairs seemed most natural to the accoucheurs of the middle ages.

1951 February, Forrest H. Howard, “The Physiologic Position for Delivery”, in Northwest Medicine, volume 50, number 2, Portland, Ore.: Northwest Medical Publishing Association, page 98:

Family story: on the day of his birth the accoucheur approached his father, the baby wrapped in a cloth.

1992, Hilary Mantel, A Place of Greater Safety, Harper Perennial, published 2007, page 163:

(medicine) A person, especially a man, who delivers a baby (in childbirth).


accrementitial

(physiology) Pertaining to accrementition.


accrementition

en-noun

accrementition (countable and uncountable, plural accrementitions)

(physiology) The process of generation by development of blastema, or fission of cells, in which the new formation is in all respect like the individual from which it proceeds.


accrual

(health sciences) Recruitment (of participants) to a clinical trial.


color

color (countable and uncountable, plural colors)

From Middle English colour, color, borrowed from Anglo-Norman colur, from Old French colour, color, from Latin color. Doublet of couleur.
Displaced English blee, Middle English blee (“color”), from Old English blēo. Also partially replaced Old English hīew (“color”) and its descendants (English hue), which is less often used in this sense.
The spelling color was popularized in modern American English by Noah Webster, to match the spelling of the word's Latin etymon, and make all American spellings of the derivatives consistent (colorimeter, coloration, colorize, colorless, etc).

колори́т

interest, especially in a selective area

(medicine) Skin color, noted as normal, jaundiced, cyanotic, flush, mottled, pale, or ashen as part of the skin signs assessment.


lens

lens (plural lenses or (obsolete) lens or (rare) lentes)

lenses (plural)
lens (obsolete plural)
lentes (plural rare)

→ Bengali: লেন্স (lenś)

→ Turkish: lens

Borrowed from Latin lēns (“lentil”), with Medieval Latin later taking on the sense of “lens”, a semantic loan from Arabic عَدْسَة (ʕadsa, “lentil; optic lens”).

semantic loan

The single-imaging optic of the mammalian eye offers some distinct visual advantages. Such lenses can take in photons from a wide range of angles, increasing light sensitivity. They also have high spatial resolution, resolving incoming images in minute detail.

2013 July-August, Fenella Saunders, “Tiny Lenses See the Big Picture”, in American Scientist:

(anatomy) The transparent crystalline structure in the eye.

عَدَسَة اَلْعَيْن

anatomy: transparent crystalline structure in the eye


transvestite

Borrowed from Latin trāns + vestītus, form of vestiō (“I clothe, I dress”) (as in English vestment, vest). Literally, a "cross-dresser". From transvestitism, from German Transvestitismus, coined in 1910 by Magnus Hirschfeld (the practice itself is much older).

(clinical psychology, psychiatry, pathology) A person, typically a heterosexual male, who compulsively seeks and derives paraphilic sexual arousal from cross-dressing, especially if the urges and behavior cause the patient distress or social impairment.


Achilles tendon

en-noun

Achilles tendon (plural Achilles tendons)

Calque of New Latin Achillis tendo, a term devised by the Dutch anatomist Philip Verheyden in 1693 in reference to the mythological account of Achilles being held by the heel when dipped in the River Styx.

(anatomy) The strong tendon formed of the united tendons of the large muscles in the calf of the leg, and inserted into the bone of the heel.


growth

growth (countable and uncountable, plural growths)

From grow + -th. Compare Old Frisian grēd ("meadow, pasture"; > North Frisian greyde (“growth, pasture”)), Middle High German gruote, gruot (“greens, fresh growth, shoot”), Old Norse gróðr ("growth, crop"; > Faroese grøði, Danish grøde (“fruits”), Swedish gröda (“crop, harvest”)). More at grow.

gloss

"meadow, pasture"; > North Frisian <i class="Latn mention" lang="frr">greyde</i> (“growth, pasture”)

(pathology) An abnormal mass such as a tumor.

bujení

pathology: abnormal mass such as a tumor


deep sleep

en-noun

deep sleep (countable and uncountable, plural deep sleeps)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-deep sleep.wav

(medicine) stage 3 of non-rapid eye movement sleep


Tagliacotian

Eponymous for the Italian surgeon Gasparo Tagliacozzi (1546–1599) who developed the surgery.

(medicine) Pertaining to surgically reconstructed noses.


AD

AD (countable and uncountable, plural ADs)

(pharmacology) Initialism of antidepressant.

2015 — Larochelle, Stéphane (December 2015). "STOMPing at the bits". Nature Methods 12 (12): 1114. doi:10.1038/nmeth.3679. Retrieved 19 February 2016.
Many neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), involve pathological protein deposits.

Alzheimer's disease
Alzheimer's disease#English

(uncountable, pathology) Initialism of Alzheimer's disease.


spacer

metered-dose inhaler
metered-dose inhaler

(medicine) A type of add-on device used by an asthmatic person to increase the effectiveness of a metered-dose inhaler.


BC

(medicine) Initialism of board-certified.


point

point (countable and uncountable, plural points)

→ Cantonese: point

→ Indonesian: poin

→ Japanese: ポイント (pointo)

→ Korean: 포인트 (pointeu)

From Middle English poynt, from Old French point m (“dot; minute amount”), from Latin pūnctum (“a hole punched in; a point, puncture”), substantive use of pūnctus m, perfect passive participle of pungō (“I prick, punch”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *pewǵ- (“prick, punch”)); alternatively, from Old French pointe f (“sharp tip”), from Latin pūncta f (past participle). Displaced native Middle English ord (“point”), from Old English ord (“point”). Doublet of pointe, punctum, punt, and punto.

kärki

position at the front or vanguard of an advancing force

decimal point

not used when reading decimal fractions aloud

An object which has a sharp or tapering tip.


point

en-verb

point (third-person singular simple present points, present participle pointing, simple past and past participle pointed)

points (present singular third-person)
pointing (participle present)
pointed (participle past)
pointed (past)

From Middle English pointen, poynten, from Old French pointier, pointer, poynter, from point from Latin pūnctum.

(medicine, of an abscess) To approximate to the surface; to head.


sun

sun (third-person singular simple present suns, present participle sunning, simple past and past participle sunned)

suns (present singular third-person)
sunning (participle present)
sunned (participle past)
sunned (past)

From Middle English sonne, sunne, from Old English sunne, from Proto-West Germanic *sunnā, from Proto-Germanic *sunnǭ, from heteroclitic inanimate Proto-Indo-European *sh₂wen-, oblique of Proto-Indo-European *sóh₂wl̥ (“sun”). See also Saterland Frisian Sunne, West Frisian sinne, German Low German Sünn, Dutch zon, German Sonne, Icelandic sunna; outside of Germanic, Welsh huan, Sanskrit स्वर् (svàr), Avestan 𐬓𐬇𐬧𐬔 (xᵛə̄ṇg)). Related to sol, Sol, Surya, and Helios. More at solar.

alternative medicine
alternative medicine

(intransitive, alternative medicine) To expose the eyes to the sun as part of the Bates method.


Thanatos

Civilization and Its Discontents
Paul Federn
Sigmund Freud
Thanatos

(psychoanalysis) The death drive in Freudian psychoanalysis.


quotidian

en-adj

quotidian (comparative more quotidian, superlative most quotidian)

more quotidian (comparative)
most quotidian (superlative)

From Anglo-Norman cotidian, cotidien, Middle French cotidian, cotidien, and their source, Latin cottīdiānus, quōtīdiānus (“happening every day”), from adverb cottīdiē, quōtīdiē (“every day, daily”), from an unattested adjective derived from quot (“how many”) + locative form of diēs (“day”).

Quotidian periodicity we find in greater or less degree in nearly all fevers, particularly in fevers associated with suppuration.

1898, Patrick Manson, Tropical Diseases, page 104:

I regret that the effect of these statements is a denial of the observation of initial quotidian paroxysms following artificial inoculation.

1941, American Journal of Tropical Medicine, volume XXI:

(medicine) Recurring every twenty-four hours or (more generally) daily (of symptoms, etc).


quotidian

If I could meet that Fancie-monger, I would giue him some good counsel, for he seemes to haue the Quotidian of Loue vpon him.

1623, William Shakespeare, As You Like It:

I myself was, about two years since, strangely cured of a violent quotidian, which all the wonted method of physick had not so much abated, by applying to my wrists a mixture of two handfuls of bay-salt, two handfuls of the freshest English hops, and a quarter of a pound of blue currants […]

1671, Robnert Boyle, Usefulness of Experimental Natural Philosophy, Part II:

(medicine, now rare, historical) A fever which recurs every day; quotidian malaria.


quality

en-noun

quality (countable and uncountable, plural qualities)

US, father-bother merger, weak vowel merger

From Middle English qualite, from Old French qualité, from Latin quālitās, quālitātem, from quālis (“of what kind”), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷo- (“who, how”). Cicero coined qualitas as a calque to translate the Ancient Greek word ποιότης (poiótēs, “quality”), coined by Plato from ποῖος (poîos, “of what nature, of what kind”).

To identify quality try asking, "what does it feel like?".

(emergency medicine, countable) The third step in OPQRST where the responder investigates what the NOI/MOI feels like.


port

Inherited from the Old English port, from the Latin porta (“passage, gate”), reinforced by the Old French porte. Doublet of porta.

non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger

(medicine) A small medical appliance installed beneath the skin, connected to a vein by a catheter, and used to inject drugs or to draw blood samples.


os

I was once, I remember, called to a Patient, who had received a violent Contuſion in his Tibia, by which the exterior Cutis was lacerated, ſo that there was a profuſe ſanguinary Diſcharge; and the interior Membranes were ſo divellicated, that the Os or Bone very plainly appeared through the Aperture of the Vulnus or Wound.

1749, Henry Fielding, “Containing the great Address of the Landlady; the great Learning of a Surgeon, and the solid Skill in Casuistry of the worthy Lieutenant”, in The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, volume III, London: A[ndrew] Millar, […], →OCLC, book VII, page 109:


os

Unadapted borrowing from Latin ōs (“the mouth”).

ubor

The instrument closed, as seen in Fig. 1, is then passed along the finger to the os, in and through the cervix up to the fundus of the uterus, which may be determined both by the distance and the resistance to the broad rounded head of the Capiat.

1891, Texas Medical Association, Transactions, volume 23, page 175:

[…] monocolpate (“unisulcate”) pollen grains still have a continuous aperture membrane devoid of special openings (ora) in the exine for the emergence of the pollen tube.

2009 July 6, Armen Takhtajan, Flowering Plants, Springer Science & Business Media, →ISBN:

(anatomy, sometimes botany) An opening or entrance to a passage, particularly one at either end of the cervix, internal (to the uterus) or external (to the vagina).


epizootic

From French épizootique, animal equivalent of epidemic, from épizootie, irregularly formed from Ancient Greek ἐπί (epí) + ζῷον (zôion, “animal”).
By surface analysis, epi- + zo- + -otic. Use of the word in the second sense, "an ailment", was likely originally a reference to a particular epizootic ailment. Both senses are attested since at least the 1800s, and the pronunciation with five syllables is explicitly attested since then as well. Dialectal pronunciation of the second sense with four syllables is attested since at least the 1910s in spellings like "epizudic" and is suggested by 1870s references to a shortened form of the word, "zooty".

At the same time as an epidemic of the flu broke out among the people, an epizootic of the swine flu broke out among their pigs.

[…]but it can be asserted with confidence that Natal will for some years yet be free from the possibility of an invasion of the disease to the same degree as the epizootic of 1896 and 1897.

1901 July 5, H. Watkins-Pitchford, “The Umvoti Outbreak”, in The Agricultural Journal and Mining Record, volume 4, number 9, page 247:

(epidemiology) An occurrence of a disease or disorder in a population of non-human animals at a frequency higher than that expected in a given time period.


epizootic

en-adj

epizootic (comparative more epizootic, superlative most epizootic)

more epizootic (comparative)
most epizootic (superlative)

Epizootic plague occurred in the mice following introduction of rats from Europe.

As much attention is being drawn to the subject of epizootic abortion in bovines, [...]

1913 September, J. J. Desmond, “An enzootic of contagious abortion in cattle”, in American Journal of Veterinary Medicine, volume VIII, number 9, page 470:

These are known respectively as the hair lung worm and the thread lung worm. The former of these is probably the more widely diffused, but the latter is more epizootic in flocks than the former.

1914, Thomas Shaw, Management and Feeding of Sheep, page 398:

1919 March 19, author not named, The Mud Larks, in Punch, or the London Charivari, Volume 156, 2004 Gutenberg edition,
I handed it back to him, explaining that he had come to the wrong shop--unless he were a horse, of course. If he were and could provide his own nosebag, head-stall and Army Form 1640, testifying that he was guiltless of mange, ophthalmia or epizootic lymphangitis, I would do what I could for him.

The parasites important in Britain do, however, by themselves constitute a most serious source of loss to pig breeders — probably at least as serious as that caused by the various more spectacular but more epizootic bacterial diseases.

1933, British Veterinary Journal, volume 89, page 74:

(epidemiology) Like or having to do with an epizootic: a widespread outbreak of disease among nonhuman animals.


pencil

Tok Pisin: pensil

→ Bole: pensur

→ Central Dusun: pinsil

→ Central Melanau: pisil

→ Dhivehi: ފަންސުރު (fan̊suru)

desc

→ Gulf Arabic: بِنْسِل (pinsil, binsil) (obsolete)

→ Hausa: fensir

→ Hindi: पेंसिल (pensil), पेन्सिल (pensil)

→ Iban: pinsil

→ Indonesian: pènsil

→ Maguindanao: pinsil

or via Tok Pisin <i class="Latn mention" lang="tpi">pensil</i>

→ Maia: pensil (or via Tok Pisin pensil)

→ Malay: pensel

→ Malayalam: പെൻസിൽ (peṉsil)

→ Marshallese: pinjeļ

→ Pennsylvania German: Bensil

→ Scottish Gaelic: peansail

→ Swahili: penseli

→ Swazi: ípénseli

→ Tagalog: pensil

→ Tausug: pinsil

→ Telugu: పెన్సిలు (pensilu)

→ Welsh: pensil, pensel

→ Xhosa: ípénsile

→ Yoruba: pẹ́ńsù

From Anglo-Norman and Old French pincil (see the variant pincel, which gave rise to Modern French pinceau (“paintbrush”)), from Latin pēnicillum, diminutive of pēniculus (“brush”), itself a diminutive of pēnis (“tail; penis”). Not related to pen.

(medicine, obsolete, rare) A small medicated bougie.


BM

en-noun

BM (countable and uncountable, plural BMs)

(UK, medicine) Initialism of Boehringer-Mannheim, a test of blood glucose level using a glucosimeter.


DVD

DVD (countable and uncountable, plural DVDs)

However, if postoperative anatomic intorsion is present, the patient may have DVD that was incorrectly diagnosed as IOOA and treated by IO muscle recessions.

1999, Arthur L. Rosenbaum, Alvina Pauline Santiago, Clinical Strabismus Management, page 68:

(uncountable, medicine) Initialism of dissociated vertical deviation.


SpA

SpA (countable and uncountable, plural SpAs)

(medicine) Abbreviation of spondyloarthritis.


open

en-adj

open (comparative more open or (phonetics) opener, superlative most open or (phonetics) openest)

more open (comparative)
opener (comparative)
most open (superlative)
openest (superlative)

closed-source

antonym(s) of “with a free license and no proprietary components”

Adjective from Middle English open, from Old English open (“open”), from Proto-West Germanic *opan, from Proto-Germanic *upanaz (“open”), from Proto-Indo-European *upo (“up from under, over”).
Cognates
* Scots apen (“open”)
* Saterland Frisian eepen (“open”)
* West Frisian iepen (“open”)
* Dutch open (“open”)
* Low German open, apen (“open”)
* German offen (“open”)
* Danish åben (“open”)
* Swedish öppen (“open”)
* Norwegian Bokmål åpen (“open”)
* Norwegian Nynorsk open (“open”)
* Icelandic opinn (“open”)
 Compare also Latin supinus (“on one's back, supine”), Albanian hap (“to open”). Related to up.
Verb from Middle English openen, from Old English openian (“to open”), from Proto-West Germanic *opanōn, from Proto-Germanic *upanōną (“to raise; lift; open”), from Proto-Germanic *upanaz (“open”, adjective). Cognate with Saterland Frisian eepenje (“to open”), West Frisian iepenje (“to open”), Dutch openen (“to open”), German öffnen (“to open”), Danish åbne (“to open”), Swedish öppna (“to open”), Norwegian Bokmål åpne (“to open”), Norwegian Nynorsk and Icelandic opna (“to open”). Related to English up.
Noun from Middle English open (“an aperture or opening”), from the verb. In the sports sense, however, a shortening of “open competition”.

inh

at church every time the doors swing open

an open fracture

(usually not comparable) Physically unobstructed, uncovered, etc.

(medicine) Resulting from an incision, puncture or any other process by which the skin no longer protects an internal part of the body.


AA

en-noun

AA (countable and uncountable, plural AAs)

(organic chemistry, medicine) Initialism of amyloid A.

(biochemistry, medicine) Initialism of antiandrogen.

(immunology) Initialism of anti-antibody.

Alternative form: AAo

(anatomy) Initialism of ascending aorta.

(anatomy) Initialism of abdominal aorta.

(pathology) Initialism of acute appendicitis.

(pathology) Initialism of allergic asthma.

The existence of many autoimmune concurrent diseases supports that AA is an autoimmune disease. […] The incidence of type I diabetes in AA is intriguing; it is decreased in AA patients and increased in their relatives.

2012, Yoshihiro Kuwano, Manabu Fujimoto, “Alopecia areata and chemokine”, in Victor R. Preedy, editor, Handbook of Hair in Health and Disease, Wageningen Academic Publishers, →ISBN, page 203:

(pathology) Initialism of alopecia areata.

anaplastic astrocytoma
w:anaplastic astrocytoma

(pathology) Initialism of anaplastic astrocytoma.

An anastomotic aneurysm (AA) is an aneurysm that occurs at an anastomotic interface between a graft and an artery. […] Recently, it has been recognized that an increasing number of AAs may in fact be true aneurysms occurring at the junction of a prosthetic graft and an artery.

2004, Alexander D. Shepard, Gary M. Jacobson, “Anastomotic Aneurysms”, in Jonathan B. Towne, Larry H. Hollier, editors, Complications in Vascular Surgery, 2nd edition, New York: Marcel Dekker, →ISBN, page 139:

(medicine) Initialism of anastomotic aneurysm.

This issue of Circulation has an interesting contribution from Reed et al,¹ who advance the point of view that aortic aneurysms (AAs) are “caused” by atherosclerosis. […] The authors propose two arguments in support of a “causal” relation between atherosclerotic risk factors and the development of AAs.

1992 January 1, M. David Tilson, “Aortic Aneurysms and Atherosclerosis”, in Circulation, volume 85, number 1, →DOI, page 378:

(pathology) Initialism of aortic aneurysm.

Aplastic anemia (AA) secondary to radiotherapy presents a difficult situation in the treatment of both the malignant tumor and AA itself. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of avatrombopag (AVA), a thrombopoietin receptor agonist, in patients with AA secondary to chemoradiotherapy.

2023 January, Yarong Chi, Qinglin Hu, Chen Yang, Miao Chen, Bing Han, “Avatrombopag is effective in patients with chemoradiotherapy-induced aplastic anemia: a single-center, retrospective study”, in Experimental Hematology, volume 117, →DOI, page 62:

(pathology) Initialism of aplastic anemia.

Arterial aneurysms (AA) are local out-pouching of a blood vessel wall. […] According to the statistics, 90% of all AA are located in the anterior segments of the circle of Willis and only 10% in the posterior segments (Dandy 1944; Zlotnik 1967).

2009, Valery N. Kornienko, Igor Nicolaevich Pronin, “Cerebrovascular Diseases and Malformations of the Brain”, in Diagnostic Neuroradiology, Springer, →ISBN, page 199:

(medicine) Initialism of arterial aneurysm.

If the paralysis is unilateral, arytenoid adduction (AA) procedures can be done to medialize the complex and arguably improve the results of an implant medialization.⁷⁹ An AA arytenopexy can reconfigure the ipsilateral arytenoid for improved glottic closure, if needed.^(1,80)

2017, Mausumi N Syamal, Michael S Benninger, “Vocal Fold Immobility”, in KK Handa, editor, Textbook of Voice and Laryngology, New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers, →ISBN, page 75:

arytenoid adduction
w:arytenoid adduction

(medicine) Initialism of arytenoid adduction.


AA

AA joint; AA instability

(anatomy, medicine) Initialism of atlantoaxial.

AA anastomosis

(anatomy, medicine) Initialism of arterioarterial.


wall

From Middle English wal, from Old English weall (“wall, dike, earthwork, rampart, dam, rocky shore, cliff”), from Proto-West Germanic *wall (“wall, rampart, entrenchment”), from Latin vallum (“wall, rampart, entrenchment, palisade”), from Proto-Indo-European *welH- (“to turn, wind, roll”).
Perhaps conflated with waw (“a wall within a house or dwelling, a room partition”), from Middle English wawe, from Old English wāg, wāh (“an interior wall, divider”), see waw.
Cognate with North Frisian wal (“wall”), Saterland Frisian Waal (“wall, rampart, mound”), Dutch wal (“wall, rampart, embankment”), German Wall (“rampart, mound, embankment”), Swedish vall (“mound, wall, bank”). More at wallow, walk.

cog

the apples on the other side of the wall are the sweetest

throw enough mud at the wall and some of it will stick

throw things at the wall and see what sticks

There is definitely some sort of lump on the back wall of my throat (right side).

1982 April 24, Matthew Ross, “Personal advertisement”, in Gay Community News, page 15:

The epidermal cells of the capsule wall of Jubulopsis, with nodose "trigones" at the angles, are very reminiscent of what one finds in Frullania spp.

1992, Rudolf M[athias] Schuster, The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America: East of the Hundredth Meridian, volume V, Chicago, Ill.: Field Museum of Natural History, →ISBN, pages 4-5:

(anatomy, zoology, botany) A dividing or containing structure in an organ or cavity.

պատ

anatomy, zoology, botany: divisive or containing structure

(US, slang, medicine) A doctor who tries to admit as few patients as possible.


take

Brill Publishers
Helmut Rix
Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben

From Middle English taken (“to take, lay hold of, grasp, strike”), from Old English tacan (“to grasp, touch”), of North Germanic origin, from Old Norse taka (“to touch, take”), from Proto-Germanic *tēkaną (“to touch”), from pre-Germanic *deh₁g- (“to touch”), possibly a phonetically altered form of Proto-Indo-European *te-th₂g- (“to touch, take”) (see there for details).
Cognate with Scots tak, Icelandic and Norwegian Nynorsk taka (“to take”), Norwegian Bokmål ta (“to take”), Swedish ta (“to take”), Danish tage (“to take, seize”), Middle Dutch taken (“to grasp”), Dutch taken (“to take; grasp”), Middle Low German tacken (“to grasp”). English thack may be from the same root. Compare tackle. Unrelated to Lithuanian tèkti (“to receive, be granted”), which is instead cognate with English thig.
Gradually displaced Middle English nimen (“to take”; see nim), from Old English niman (“to take”).

noncog

(medicine) An instance of successful inoculation/vaccination.


accommodation

en-noun

accommodation (countable and uncountable, plural accommodations)

/əˌkɔm.əˈdæɪ.ʃən/

From French accommodation, from Latin accommodātiō (“adjustment, accommodation, compliance”), from accommodō (“adapt, put in order”). Superficially accommodate + -ion. The sense of "lodging" was first attested in 1600.

der

(countable, physiology, biology) The adaptation or adjustment of an organism, organ, or part.

(countable, medicine) The adjustment of the eye to a change of the distance from an observed object.


SMS

en-noun

SMS (countable and uncountable, plural SMSes)

/ˌɛs ɛm ˈɛs/

stiff man syndrome
stiff man syndrome#English

(neurology) Initialism of stiff man syndrome.


barcode

→ Afrikaans: staafkode (calque)

→ Dutch: barcode

desctree

→ Dutch: streepjescode (calque)
→ Afrikaans: strepieskode (calque)

Compound of bar + code. First attested in 1963 for sense 1.

(genetics) A portion of a gene that identifies a particular species.


consent

en-verb

consent (third-person singular simple present consents, present participle consenting, simple past and past participle consented)

consents (present singular third-person)
consenting (participle present)
consented (participle past)
consented (past)

Recorded in Middle English since circa 1225, borrowed from Old French consentir, from Latin cōnsentīre (“to agree; to assent, consent”), itself from com- (“with”) + sentiō (“to feel”)

der

When the patient was consented to enter the study and registered, a telephone call was made to research assistant

2002, T Usmani with KD O'Brien, HV Worthington, S Derwent, et al., “A randomized clinical trial to compare the effectiveness of canine lacebacks with reference to canine tip”, in Journal of Orthodontics, volume 29, number 4, →DOI, →PMID:

(transitive, medicine) To cause to sign a consent form.


CLL

en-noun

CLL (countable and uncountable, plural CLLs)

chronic lymphocytic leukemia
chronic lymphocytic leukemia#English

(medicine) Initialism of chronic lymphocytic leukemia.


blood

blood (countable and uncountable, plural bloods)

Belizean Creole: blod

Torres Strait Creole: blad

→ Greek: μπλάντι (blánti)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *bʰleh₃-?
Proto-Germanic *blōþą
Proto-West Germanic *blōd
Old English blōd
Middle English blood
English blood
From Middle English blood, from Old English blōd, from Proto-West Germanic *blōd, from Proto-Germanic *blōþą, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bʰel- ("to swell") + -ó- (thematic vowel) + -to (nominalizer), i.e. "that which bursts out". Cognate with Saterland Frisian Bloud, West Frisian bloed, Dutch bloed, German Blut, Danish, Swedish and Norwegian blod, Icelandic and Faroese blóð.

etymon

When I got Bilbo to their surgery the vet took Bilbo in for tests. […] His bloods showed nothing wrong at all.

2016, Steve Jamieson, Bilbo the Lifeguard Dog:

(medicine, countable) A blood test or blood sample.


blood

en-verb

blood (third-person singular simple present bloods, present participle blooding, simple past and past participle blooded)

bloods (present singular third-person)
blooding (participle present)
blooded (participle past)
blooded (past)

On Sᵗ Stephens day the Farrier came constantly and blouded all the Cart-horses.

1687, John Aubrey, Remaines of Gentilisme and Judaisme, page 27:

Mr Western, who imputed these symptoms in his daughter to her fall, advised her to be presently blooded by way of prevention.

1749, Henry Fielding, Tom Jones, Folio Society, published 1973, page 121:

She had been blooded, he said, 12 times in this last fortnight, and had lost 75 ounces of blood, besides undergoing blistering,and other discipline.

1785, Frances Burney, Journals & Letters, Penguin, published 2001, page 212:

(medicine, historical) To let blood (from); to bleed.


AIDS

→ Albanian: AIDS, aids

→ Czech: AIDS

→ Finnish: AIDS

→ Hindi: एड्स (eḍs), एड्ज़ (eḍz)

→ Hungarian: AIDS

→ Japanese: AIDS (AIDS)

→ Latvian: AIDS

→ Portuguese: AIDS

→ Swedish: aids

→ Telugu: ఎయిడ్స్ (eyiḍs)

desc

→ Urdu: ایڈس, ایڈز

→ Urdu: ایڈس, ایڈز

→ Yoruba: éèdì

Patients with AIDS become highly susceptible to infection by intracellular microbes normally contained by T cells (Fig. 4.8).

2007, Clinical Pathology, →ISBN, page 50:

acquired immune deficiency syndrome#English

(pathology, acronym) Acquired immune deficiency syndrome.

Vigs

acquired immune deficiency syndrome — see also acquired immune deficiency syndrome

atsʼíís yichʼą́ą́h naabaahii bąąh dah hazʼą́ yileehgo


disease

en-noun

disease (countable and uncountable, plural diseases)

From Middle English disese, from Anglo-Norman desese, disaise, from Old French desaise, from des- + aise. Displaced native Middle English adle, audle (“disease”) (from Old English ādl (“disease, sickness”), see adle), Middle English cothe, coathe (“disease”) (from Old English coþu (“disease”), see coath). By surface analysis, dis- + ease.

cog

See Wikipedia at Category:Diseases and disorders

Central Mississippi River Valley disease

National Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Surveillance Unit

neuronal intermediate filament inclusion disease

calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposition disease

The tomato plants had some kind of disease that left their leaves splotchy and fruit withered.

[…] diſeaſes deſperate growne,
 By deſperate appliance are releeued,
 Or not at all.

c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene iii], page 272, column 2:

The instability, injustice, and confusion, introduced into the public councils, have, in truth, been the mortal diseases under which popular governments have every where perished; […]

November 22, 1787, James Madison Jr., Federalist No. 10

Of all the queer collections of humans outside of a crazy asylum, it seemed to me this sanitarium was the cup winner. […] When you're well enough off so's you don't have to fret about anything but your heft or your diseases you begin to get queer, I suppose.

1913, Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter V, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y., London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC:

[…] the awfully hearty sort of Christmas cards that people do send to other people that they don't know at all well. You know. The kind that have mottoes […] And then, when you see [the senders], you probably find that they are the most melancholy old folk with malignant diseases.

1922, Ben Travers, chapter 1, in A Cuckoo in the Nest, →OL:

Conditions were horrendous aboard most British naval vessels at the time. Scurvy and other diseases ran rampant, killing more seamen each year than all other causes combined, including combat.

2012 March 7, William E. Carter, Merri Sue Carter, “The British Longitude Act Reconsidered”, in American Scientist, volume 100, number 2, page 87:

(medicine) An abnormal condition of a human, animal or plant that causes discomfort or dysfunction; distinct from injury insofar as the latter is usually instantaneously acquired.

siekte

an abnormal condition of the body causing discomfort or dysfunction


epidemic

/ˌɛpɪˈdɛmɪk/

From French épidémique, from épidémie, from Medieval Latin epidēmia, reanalysis of plural Late Latin epidēmia, from Ancient Greek ἐπιδήμιος (epidḗmios), from ἐπί (epí, “upon”) + δῆμος (dêmos, “people”). By surface analysis, epi- (“on”) + demic (“of the people”).

surf

(epidemiology) An occurrence of a disease or disorder in a human population at a frequency higher than that expected in a given time period; an episode of outbreak and subsequent high prevalence.


comma

en-noun

comma (plural commas or (rare) commata or (obsolete) commaes)

commas (plural)
commata (plural rare)
commaes (obsolete plural)

From Latin comma, from Ancient Greek κόμμα (kómma), from κόπτω (kóptō, “I cut”).

(genetics) A delimiting marker between items in a genetic sequence.


colon

colons (plural)
cola (plural)
coli (plural)

From Latin cŏlon (“large intestine”), from Ancient Greek κόλον (kólon, “the large intestine, also food, meat, fodder”).

uder

(anatomy) Part of the large intestine; the final segment of the digestive system, after (distal to) the ileum and before (proximal to) the rectum. (Because the colon is the largest part of the large intestine (constituting most of it), it is often treated as synonymous therewith in broad or casual usage.)


gas

en-noun

gas (countable and uncountable, plural gases or gasses)

Borrowed from Dutch gas, coined by chemist Jan Baptist van Helmont in Ortus Medicinae. Derived from Ancient Greek χάος (kháos, “chasm, void, empty space”); perhaps also inspired by geest (“breath, vapour, spirit”). Doublet of chaos. First attested in 1648.

der

New York City, New Orleans, Philadelphia, Baltimore

gas

(uncountable, chemistry) state of matter

بخار خفی (buxār xafî, literally “hidden steam”)

(medicine, colloquial) Arterial or venous blood gas.


translation

en-noun

translation (countable and uncountable, plural translations)

From Middle English translacioun (“transfer, translation”), from Anglo-Norman translacioun, from Latin trānslātiō, from trānslāt-, the supine stem of trānsferō (“to transfer, transport, transform, translate”). Displaced native Old English wending.

inh

(countable, uncountable) The act of translating, in its various senses:

(genetics) The process whereby a strand of mRNA directs assembly of amino acids into proteins within a ribosome.

трансля́цыя

genetics: process for producing proteins

The conveyance of something from one place to another, especially:

(medicine) A transfer of a disease from one body part to another.


turkey

en-noun

turkey (plural turkeys or (obsolete) turkies)

turkeys (plural)
turkies (obsolete plural)

Clipping of turkey-cock and turkey-hen (“(originally) the guinea fowl (family Numididae)”), which was imported to Europe by Turkey merchants through Turkey. The word was then applied to the larger northern American bird Meleagris gallopavo which was brought to Spain by conquistadors in 1523. This transfer of the name may have occurred because the two birds were considered similar to each other, or because the North American turkey was in part introduced through Ottoman territories, or simply to indicate that it was foreign.

like turkeys voting for an early Christmas

Mumford (1970) noted that the terms ‘crock’, ‘gomer’, and ‘turkey’, were sometimes utilized by interns to designate different types of undesirable patients, and sometimes used synonymously.

[1976, Stephen Charles Frankel, Emergency Medical Care in an Urban Area (Ph.D. dissertation in Anthropology), Berkeley, Calif.: University of California, Berkeley, →OCLC, page 118:

(countable, medicine, slang, derogatory) A patient feigning symptoms; a person faking illness or injury; a malingerer.


absence

absence (usually uncountable, plural absences)

existence

antonym(s) of “lack, deficiency, nonexistence”

From Middle English absence, from Old French absence, ausence, from Latin absentia, from absēns (“absent”), present active participle of absum (“I am away or absent”), from ab (“from, away from”) + sum (“I am”).

(medicine) Temporary loss or disruption of consciousness, with sudden onset and recovery, and common in epilepsy.

tiedottomuus

medical: temporary loss or disruption of consciousness


absorption

absorption (countable and uncountable, plural absorptions)

First attested in 1597. From Latin absorptiō (“a sucking in”), from absorbeō (“absorb”). Morphologically absorb + -tion.

اِسْتِيعَاب

act or process of absorbing or sucking in anything

абсо́рбция

act or process of being absorbed and made to disappear

The act or process of absorbing or of being absorbed as,

(physiology) in living organisms, the process by which the materials of growth and nutrition are absorbed and conveyed to the tissues and organs; taking in by various means, such as by osmosis.

اِمْتِصَاص

physiology: process by which the materials of growth and nutrition are absorbed


absorbent

→ Polish: absorbent

→ Norwegian Bokmål: absorbent

From Latin absorbēns, present active participle of absorbeō (“absorb”).

(physiology, pluralized, now rare) The vessels by which the processes of absorption are carried on, as the lymphatics in animals, the extremities of the roots in plants.

(medicine) Any substance which absorbs and neutralizes acid fluid in the stomach and bowels, as magnesia, chalk, etc.; also a substance, e.g., iodine, which acts on the absorbent vessels so as to reduce enlarged and indurated parts.


abstract

→ Norwegian Bokmål: abstrakt

From Middle English abstract, borrowed from Latin abstractus, perfect passive participle of abstrahō (“draw away”), formed from abs- (“away”) + trahō (“to pull, draw”). The verbal sense is first attested in 1542.

xifra

something that concentrates in itself the qualities of something else

Something that concentrates in itself the qualities of a larger item, or multiple items.

(medicine) A powdered solid extract of a medicinal substance mixed with lactose.


abutment

abutment (countable and uncountable, plural abutments)

First attested in 1644; engineering sense first attested in 1793. From Old French aboutement. Equivalent to abut + -ment.

(dentistry) The tooth that supports a denture or bridge.

tukihammas

dentistry: tooth that supports a denture or bridge


accelerator

* First attested in 1611.
* (motor vehicle): First attested in 1900.
* accelerate + -or

a pedal used to control a vehicle's speed

a device that speeds up computer processing

a key which a user can press to activate a menu

(physiology, medicine) A muscle or nerve that speeds the performance of an action.


accession

accession (countable and uncountable, plural accessions)

Ultimately from Latin accessiō(n), from accēdō (English accede). Cognate to French accession. First attested in 1646.

(medicine) The invasion, approach, or commencement of a disease; a fit or paroxysm.


Achilles heel

From the Greek hero Achilles, whom according to legend his mother held by the heel when she dipped him in the River Styx, making him invulnerable everywhere except on his heel. He was later killed by an arrow wound to the heel. Although the legend is ancient, the phrase only entered English in the 19th century. It is used as a metaphor for vulnerability, as in the earliest citation, an essay by Samuel Taylor Coleridge.

(anatomy) The Achilles tendon, the tendo Achillis.


acidosis

acidosis (countable and uncountable, plural acidoses)

(pathology) An abnormally increased acidity of the blood.


storm

→ Esperanto: ŝtormo

→ Irish: stoirm

→ Scottish Gaelic: stoirm

From Middle English storm (“disturbed state of the atmosphere; heavy precipitation; battle, conflict; attack”) [and other forms], from Old English storm (“tempest, storm; attack; storm of arrows; disquiet, disturbance, tumult, uproar; onrush, rush”) [and other forms], from Proto-West Germanic *sturm (“storm”), from Proto-Germanic *sturmaz (“storm”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)twerH- (“to agitate, stir up; to propel; to urge on”). Related to stir.
Cognates
* Danish storm (“storm”)
* Dutch storm (“storm”)
* German Sturm (“storm”)
* Icelandic stormur (“storm”)
* Low German storm (“storm”)
* Norwegian Bokmål storm (“storm”)
* Norwegian Nynorsk storm (“storm”)
* Scots storm (“storm”)
* Swedish storm (“storm”)
* West Frisian stoarm (“storm”)

nb...

starme, steorm, storem, storme, stourme, strom

storm

disturbed state of the atmosphere causing destructive or unpleasant weather

asthmatic storm cytokine storm

He ſvvet and ſvvet againe vvith ſuch exceſſiue ſvvoonings, as not only himſelfe, but likevviſe all the beholders, did verily deeme, that his life vvas ending. This ſtorme and miſhappe endured about ſome tvvo hovvres, after vvhich hee remayned not cured as his Maſter, but ſo vveary and indiſpoſed, as hee vvas not able to ſtand.

1612, [Miguel de Cervantes], “Wherein are Rehearsed the Innumerable Misfortunes which Don-Quixote and His Good Squire Sancho Suffered in the Inne, which He to His Harme Thought to be a Castle”, in Thomas Shelton, transl., The History of the Valorous and Wittie Knight-errant Don-Quixote of the Mancha. […], London: […] William Stansby, for Ed[ward] Blount and W. Barret, →OCLC, part 3, page 136:

(pathology) Chiefly with a qualifying word: a violent attack of diease, pain, physiological reactions, symptoms, etc.; a paroxysm.

kohtaus

violent attack of diease, pain, physiological reactions, symptoms, etc. — see also paroxysm


CDC

A 2009 multistate CDC survey off over seventy thousand adults found that more than 35 percent of people slept fewer than seven hours per night.

2018, Timothy R. Jennings, The Aging Brain, →ISBN, pages 64–65:

(medicine) Initialism of Center for Disease Control. (U.S. federal CDC).


CDC

(medicine) Initialism of centre for disease control.


genome

From earlier genom, from German Genom, coined by German botanist Hans Winkler in 1920 as a blend of Gen (“gene”) + Chromosom (“chromosome”). By surface analysis, gene + -ome, or a blend of gene + chromosome. Spelling altered to reflect the surface analysis.

blend

Creating a complete map of the human connectome would therefore be a monumental milestone but not the end of the journey to understanding how our brains work. The achievement will transform neuroscience and serve as the starting point for asking questions we could not otherwise have answered, just as having the human genome has made it possible to ask new questions about cellular and molecular systems.

2012 March-April, Terrence J. Sejnowski, “Well-connected Brains”, in American Scientist, volume 100, number 2, archived from the original on 2017-04-27, page 171:

(genetics) The complete genetic information (either DNA or, in some viruses, RNA) of an organism.

مَجِين

complete genetic information of an organism


DNA

en-noun

DNA (countable and uncountable, plural DNAs)

The noun is an initialism of deoxyribonucleic acid. The verb is derived from the noun.

Among the various fractions isolated was one presumed to contain only desoxyribosenucleic acid (DNA). Because of certain speculations on the role of nucleic acids in protein synthesis it was necessary to measure and compare the rate of phosphate entry into DNA with that in other fractions of yeast phosphate.

1948 March–April, Martin D[avid] Kamen, “Detection of Intermediates, Criteria of Purity”, in Louis H. Roddis, editor, Supplement to the United States Naval Medical Bulletin on Preparation and Measurement of Isotopes and Some of Their Medical Aspects, Washington, D.C.: Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, U.S. Navy; U.S. Government Printing Office, →OCLC, page 118:

We wish to suggest a structure for the salt of deoxyribose nucleic acid (D.N.A.). This structure has novel features which are of considerable biological interest.

1953 April 25, J[ames] D[ewey] Watson, F[rancis] H[arry] C[ompton] Crick, “Molecular Structure of Nucleic Acids: A Structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid”, in Nature: A Weekly Illustrated Journal of Science, volume 171, number 4356, London: Macmillan and Co.; New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2015-04-03, page 737, column 1:

As you know, heredity resides in our genes. Our genes are, in turn, composed of complex molecules called DNA. About 10 years ago we learned how to synthesize DNA in the test tube with the use of a certain cellular catalyst or enzyme. […] During the past year, we have been able to synthesize DNA which has the full genetic activity of natural DNA.

1968 March 8, Arthur Kornberg (witness), “Statement of Dr. Arthur Kornberg, Professor and Executive Head of the Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, Calif.”, in National Commission on Health Science and Society: Hearings before the Subcommittee on Government Research of the Committee on Government Operations, United States Senate, Ninetieth Congress, Second Session on S.J. Res. 145: A Joint Resolution for the Establishment of the National Commission on Health Science and Society […], Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, →OCLC, page 40:

Recent breakthroughs in DNA technology are expected to provide investigators with powerful forensic tools to help solve these difficult kinds of cases.

1988 August, John W. Hicks, “DNA Profiling: A Tool for Law Enforcement”, in Thomas J. Deakin, editor, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin, volume 57, number 8, Washington, D.C.: Federal Bureau of Investigation, United States Department of Justice; Office of Congressional and Public Affairs, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 1, column 3:

[I]n bacteria, recombination between the DNAs of different organisms usually occurs between a piece of DNA from one strain of a bacterium, called the donor strain, and the entire chromosome of another strain, called the recipient strain.

2020, Tina M. Henkin, Joseph E. Peters, “Bacterial Genetic Analysis: Fundamentals and Current Approaches”, in Snyder & Champness: Molecular Genetics of Bacteria, 5th edition, Washington, D.C.: ASM Press, →ISBN, page 157, column 1:

deoxyribonucleic acid
deoxyribonucleic acid#English

(biochemistry, genetics) Initialism of deoxyribonucleic acid (“a nucleic acid found in all living things (and some non-living things such as certain viruses) which consists of two polynucleotide chains that coil around each other to form a double helix; encoded in its structure are genetic instructions for development, functioning, growth, and reproduction”).

DNS

initialism of deoxyribonucleic acid (for full forms, see deoxyribonucleic acid)


drug

From Middle English drogge (“medicine”), from Old French drogue, drocque (“tincture, pharmaceutical product”), from Middle Dutch or Middle Low German droge, as in droge vate (“dry vats, dry barrels”), mistaking droge for the contents, which were usually dried herbs, plants or wares. Droge comes from Middle Dutch drōghe (“dry”), from Old Dutch drōgi (“dry”), from Proto-Germanic *draugiz (“dry, hard”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dʰrewgʰ- (“to strengthen; become hard or solid”), from *dʰer- (“to hold, hold fast, support”). Cognate with English dry, Dutch droog (“dry”), German trocken (“dry”).

der

Aspirin is a drug that reduces pain, acts against inflammation and lowers body temperature.

The revenues from both brand-name drugs and generic drugs have increased.

whence merchants bring their spicy drugs

1667, John Milton, “Book II”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:

(pharmacology) A substance used to treat an illness, relieve a symptom, or modify a chemical process in the body for a specific purpose.

عَقَّار

substance used as a medical treatment — see also medicine


deoxyribonucleic acid

en-noun

deoxyribonucleic acid (plural deoxyribonucleic acids)

Meronym: nucleotide

(biochemistry, genetics) A nucleic acid found in all living things (and some non-living things such as certain viruses) which consists of two polynucleotide chains that coil around each other to form a double helix; encoded in its structure are genetic instructions for development, functioning, growth, and reproduction.

xüčiltörögč ügejdüülsen bööm čixriin bööm xüčil

хүчилтөрөгч үгэйдүүлсэн бөөм чихрийн бөөм хүчил

küčiltöröɣči ügeyidegülüɣsen bögem sikir-un bögem küčil

ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠲᠥᠷᠥᠭᠴᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠶᠢᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ


BID

It has been repeatedly documented that moving patients from a TID dosing regimen to BID or OD vastly improves compliance, and thus the medicine's effectiveness.

2014 April, Ken. Seufert, “The New Dawn of Pharmaceutical Manufacturing: Innovative Solutions for Unprecedented Challenges”, in American Pharmaceutical Review:

(pharmacology) twice a day, two times per day


mental

c. 1727, from Latin mentum (“the chin”) + -al.

Audio (US)

the mental nerve, the mental region

(anatomy, relational) Of or relating to the chin or median part of the lower jaw, genial.


purple

From Middle English purple, purpel, from Old English purpul (“purple”, adjective), taken from Old English purpure (“purple colour”, noun), from Latin purpura (“purple dye, shellfish”), from Ancient Greek πορφύρα (porphúra, “purple-fish”), perhaps of Semitic origin. Doublet of purpura and purpure.
The sense of "imperial power" is from the wearing of the color purple by emperors and kings.


white

en-noun

white (countable and uncountable, plural whites)

Inherited from Middle English whit, hwit, from Old English hwīt, from Proto-West Germanic *hwīt, from Proto-Germanic *hwītaz, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱweydós, a byform of *ḱweytós (“bright; shine”).
Cognates
* West Frisian wyt
*Dutch wit
* German weiß
* German weiss
* Norwegian Bokmål hvit
* Norwegian Nynorsk kvit
* Lithuanian šviẽsti (“to gleam”), šviesa (“light”)
* Old Church Slavonic свѣтъ (světŭ, “light”), свѣтьлъ (světĭlŭ, “clear, bright”)
* Persian سفید (sefid, “white”), Persian سپید (sepid, “white”)
* Avestan 𐬯𐬞𐬀𐬉𐬙𐬀 (spaēta, “white”)
* Sanskrit श्वेत (śvetá, “white, bright”).

bělásek

common name for butterflies in the subfamily Pierinae

You could see from afar the white of their eyeballs glistening.

1899 February, Joseph Conrad, “The Heart of Darkness”, in Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine, volume CLXV, number M, New York, N.Y.: The Leonard Scott Publishing Company, […], →OCLC, part I, page 203:

(countable) Any object or substance that is of the color white.


SARS

desc

Translingual: SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2, SARSr-CoV

→ Chinese: SARS

→ Finnish: SARS

→ German: SARS

→ Portuguese: SARS

SARS set off a panic about global spread and contagion.

2010, Siddhartha Mukherjee, The Emperor of All Maladies, Fourth Estate (2011), page 182:

severe acute respiratory syndrome#English

(medicine) Acronym of severe acute respiratory syndrome; also Sars.


tuba

From Latin tuba (“tube, trumpet, military trumpet”), first borrowed as a historic term in the 18th century. The name of the modern instrument was borrowed in the 19th century from German Tuba (“tuba”), originally Baß-Tuba (literally “bass tuba”), from the same Latin source. The Latin term is of obscure ultimate origin, but is possibly connected to tībia (“shinbone, reed-pipe”), see there.


cast

en-verb

cast (third-person singular simple present casts, present participle casting, simple past and past participle cast or (nonstandard) casted)

casts (present singular third-person)
casting (participle present)
cast (participle past)
cast (past)
casted (nonstandard participle past)
casted (nonstandard past)
cast (infinitive)

New York, New Orleans, Philadelphia, Baltimore

Etymology tree
Proto-Germanic *kas-
Proto-Germanic *kastōną
Old Norse kastabor.
Middle English casten
English cast
From Middle English casten, from Old Norse kasta (“to throw, cast, overturn”), from Proto-Germanic *kastōną (“to throw, cast”), of unknown origin.
Cognate with Scots cast (“to cast, throw”), Danish kaste (“to throw”), Swedish kasta (“to throw, cast, fling, toss, discard”), Icelandic kasta (“to pitch, toss”). In the sense of "flinging", displaced native warp.
The senses relating to broadcasting are based on that same term; compare -cast.

cog

let he who is without sin cast the first stone

let him that is without sin cast the first stone

let him who is without sin cast the first stone

(medicine) To set (a bone etc.) in a cast.


symptom

Treatment of symptoms versus treatment of cause

From Ancient Greek σύμπτωμα (súmptōma, “a happening, accident, symptom of disease”), from stem of συμπίπτω (sumpíptō, “Ι befall”), from συν- (sun-, “together”) + πίπτω (píptō, “I fall”).

der

Swollen breasts, morning sickness, and a missed period are classic symptoms of pregnancy.

(medicine) A perceived change in some function, sensation or appearance of a person that indicates a disease or disorder, such as fever, headache or rash; strictly, a symptom is felt or experienced by the patient, while a sign can be detected by an observer.

simptomë

something that indicates a disease or disorder


pit

From Middle English pit, pet, püt, from Old English pytt, from Proto-West Germanic *puti, from Latin puteus (“trench, pit, well”), although there are phonetic difficulties.

he who digs a pit for others falls in himself

emergency department
emergency department

(medicine, slang) The emergency department of a hospital.


trapezoid

/ˈtɹæpəzɔɪd/

From Ancient Greek τραπέζιον (trapézion, “irregular quadrilateral”, literally “a little table”) + -oid (“resembling”).

(anatomy) The trapezoid bone of the wrist.


hemisphere

→ Welsh: hemisffer

/ˈhɛmɪsfɪəɹ/

From Latin hemisphaerium, from Ancient Greek ἡμισφαίριον (hēmisphaírion), from ἡμι- (hēmi-, “half”) + σφαῖρα (sphaîra, “sphere”). Equivalent to hemi- + sphere. Displaced native Old English healftrendel (literally “half-sphere”).

ncog

(anatomy) Either of the two halves of the cerebrum. .

cerebral hemisphere

anatomy: either of the two lobes of the cerebellum


stye

First recorded in the 17th century; probably a back-formation from Middle English styanye (first recorded in the 15th century), which in turn comes from Old English stīgend (“a small tumour on the edge of the eyelid, stye”), from the verb stīgan (“to climb, ascend, rise”) + Middle English eie (“eye”). Equivalent to sty + eye.

der

have a stye

suffer from a stye

(pathology) A bacterial infection in the eyelash or eyelid.

ulcior

bacterial infection of the eyelash or eyelid


sieve

From Middle English sive, syfe, from Old English sife, from Proto-West Germanic *sibi (“sieve”), from Proto-Indo-European *seyp-, *seyb- (“to pour, sieve, strain, run, drip”). Akin to German Sieb, Dutch zeef, Proto-Slavic *sito (Russian си́то (síto), сев (sev), се́ять (séjatʹ)).

To be a sieve was to lack clinical judgment, courage, and group loyalty all at once.

1997, Leo Galland, The Four Pillars of Healing, page 25:

(medicine, slang, derogatory) An intern who lets too many non-serious cases into the emergency room.


zebra

1600; borrowed from Italian zebra, from Portuguese zebra, zebro (“zebra”), from Old Galician-Portuguese enzebro, ezebra, azebra (“wild ass”), from earlier cebrario (882), ezebrario (897), from Vulgar Latin *eciferus, from Latin equiferus (“wild horse”) (Pliny), from equus (“horse”) + ferus (“wild”).
While the word was traditionally pronounced with a long vowel in the first syllable in standard English, during the twentieth century a vowel shift occurred in regions of England, with the shortening of the first vowel. This pronunciation is now used throughout the UK and most Commonwealth nations. The long-vowel pronunciation remains standard in Canadian and American English.
(unlikely diagnosis): Originates in the advice often given to medical students, "when you hear hoofbeats, think of horses, not zebras".
(referee): In reference to the black and white striped shirts they wear.

"It's a zebra! George. OK, I should explain. A zebra is..."
"Medical slang for coming to an exotic diagnosis when a more simple explanation is more likely."
"That's right. I was convinced that George, given his age and symptoms, had some kind of cardiac issue. It fit, it made sense. Because I was looking for the obvious when I should have been looking for the zebra! George is just having an allergic reaction to a combination of chemicals from all the stains and paints he's been using in the garage."

2005 March 7, “Apologies and Rememberances”, in Good Witch, season 1, episode 2 (TV), spoken by Dr. Sam Radford and Cassie Nightingale (James Denton and Catherine Bell), via Hallmark:

(medicine, slang) An unlikely diagnosis, especially for symptoms probably caused by a common ailment.

EDS charities around the world use a zebra logo to promote the idea that sometimes it really is that ‘rare’ condition.

“I was told in medical school, ‘when you hear hoofbeats think horses, not zebras,’” she says. Many trainee doctors receive the same advice – when a patient presents with symptoms, “look for the common thing.” That’s why EDS patients commonly refer to themselves as zebras – and also use the fabulous collective noun “dazzle.” The name represents rarity and evokes the stripy stretch marks that are a common feature on EDS skin.

(medicine, by extension) Someone who has Ehlers-Danlos syndrome or hypermobility spectrum disorder


case

→ Swedish: case n

From Middle English cas, from Old French cas (“an event”), from Latin cāsus (“a falling, a fall; accident, event, occurrence; occasion, opportunity; noun case”), perfect passive participle of cadō (“to fall, to drop”).

Coordinate term: patient

There were another five cases reported overnight.

We turn next to the puzzle of borderlineness: If Harry is intermediate between clear cases and clear noncases of baldness, “Is Harry bald?” seems to have no good, direct, answer.

2013, Gillian Russell, Delia Graff Fara, Routledge Companion to Philosophy of Language, page 144:

en:instance of a specific condition or set of symptoms

(medicine) An instance of a specific condition or set of symptoms.

kazo

medicine: instance of a specific condition or set of symptoms


stem

From Middle English stem, stemme, stempne, stevin, from Old English stemn, from Proto-West Germanic *stamni, from Proto-Germanic *stamniz, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand, stay”).

the apple does not fall far from the stem

(anatomy) A part of an anatomic structure considered without its possible branches or ramifications.


PVC

en-noun

PVC (countable and uncountable, plural PVCs)

(medicine) Initialism of premature ventricular contraction.

peripheral venous catheter
peripheral venous catheter#English

(medicine) Initialism of peripheral venous catheter.


air

air (countable and uncountable, plural airs)

→ Jersey Dutch: êr

From Middle English aire, from Old French air, from Latin āēr, from Ancient Greek ἀήρ (aḗr). Displaced native Old English lyft. More at lift, loft.

хӏауа

mixture of gases making up the atmosphere of the Earth

luftrener

air conditioner or the processed air it produces

ayr

especially when referring to the form of music

Jeeves: Foreign travel often liberates emotions best kept in check, sir. The air of North America is notoriously stimulating in this regard, as witness the regrettable behavior of its inhabitants in 1776.
B. Wooster: Hm? What happened in 1776, Jeeves?
Jeeves: I prefer not to dwell on it, if it's convenient to you, sir.

1991 May 12, “Kidnapped!”, in Jeeves and Wooster, Series 2, Episode 5:

There was a tension in the air which made me suspect an approaching storm.

(uncountable) The substance constituting Earth's atmosphere: a gaseous mixture of nitrogen, oxygen, and various trace gases.

(historical, medicine) A local environment or atmosphere, in the context of its effects on behavior, health, weather, etc.


arm

From Middle English arm, from Old English earm, from Proto-West Germanic *arm, from Proto-Germanic *armaz (“arm”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂(e)rmos (“a fitting, joint; arm, forequarter”), a suffixed form of *h₂er- (“to join, fit together”).
Cognates
Akin to Dutch arm, German Arm, Yiddish אָרעם (orem), Danish, Norwegian and Swedish arm. Indo-European cognates include Latin armus (“the uppermost part of the arm, shoulder”), Bulgarian рамо (ramo), Polish ramię, Serbo-Croatian rȁme, Armenian արմունկ (armunk, “elbow”), Ancient Greek ἁρμός (harmós, “joint, shoulder”) and ἅρμα (hárma, “wagon, chariot”), Avestan 𐬀𐬭𐬨𐬀 (arma), Old Persian [script needed] (arma).

cog

break one's arm patting oneself on the back

one can't carry two watermelons under one arm

She stood with her right arm extended and her palm forward to indicate “Stop!”

When Timothy and Julia hurried up the staircase to the bedroom floor, where a considerable commotion was taking place, Tim took Barry Leach with him. He had him gripped firmly by the arm, since he felt it was not safe to let him loose, and he had no immediate idea what to do with him.

1963, Margery Allingham, chapter 19, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC:

And you stare at me
In your Jesus Christ pose
Arms held out
Like you've been carrying a load

1991, “Jesus Christ Pose”, in Chris Cornell (lyrics), Soundgarden (music), Badmotorfinger, performed by Soundgarden, Track 4:

(anatomy) The portion of the upper human appendage, from the shoulder to the wrist and sometimes including the hand.

The arm and forearm are parts of the upper limb in the human body.

(anatomy) The extended portion of the upper limb, from the shoulder to the elbow.

(genetics) One of the two parts of a chromosome.


bathroom

en-verb

bathroom (third-person singular simple present bathrooms, present participle bathrooming, simple past and past participle bathroomed)

bathrooms (present singular third-person)
bathrooming (participle present)
bathroomed (participle past)
bathroomed (past)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₁-
Proto-Germanic *baþą
Proto-West Germanic *baþ
Old English bæþ
Middle English bath
English bath
Proto-West Germanic *rūm
Old English rūm
Middle English roum
English room
English bathroom
From bath + room. Compare Dutch badkamer (“bathroom”), German Badezimmer (“bathroom”), Swedish badrum (“bathroom”), Faroese baðrúm (“bathroom”).

etymon

(medicine, transitive) To assist a patient with using the toilet and general personal hygiene.


cold

en-noun

cold (countable and uncountable, plural colds)

From Middle English cold, colde, from Old English cald, ċeald (“cold, coldness”), from Proto-West Germanic *kald, from Proto-Germanic *kaldą (“coldness”), from Proto-Indo-European *gel- (“cold”).
Cognates
Compare Saterland Frisian Keelde (“cold”), West Frisian kjeld (“cold”), Dutch koude (“cold”), German Low German Kolle, Koll (“cold”), German Kälte (“cold”), Danish kulde (“cold”), Swedish köld (“cold”), Norwegian kulde (“cold”), Icelandic kuldi (“cold”).

I caught a miserable cold and had to stay home for a week

(countable, pathology) A common, usually harmless, usually viral illness, usually with congestion of the nasal passages and sometimes fever.


pimple

Early Modern English pimple, pumple, from Middle English pymple, pympyl, of uncertain origin but probably a nasalized variant of Old English *pipel, *pypel, from Old English piplian, pyplian (“to break out in pimples, show eruptions”), probably related to Latin papula (“pimple, pustule”) (from Proto-Indo-European *pap- (“pock mark, nipple”)). Akin to Old English pipliġende (“having shingles”).

cog

I had to pop that embarrassing pimple, it was huge and red and on the tip of my nose.

(dermatology) An inflamed (raised and colored) spot on the surface of the skin that is usually painful and fills with pus.

puçërr

inflamed spot on the surface of the skin


finger

Sranan Tongo: finga

PIE word
 *pénkʷe
From Middle English fynger, finger, from Old English finger (“finger”), from Proto-West Germanic *fingr, from Proto-Germanic *fingraz (“finger”), from Proto-Indo-European *penkʷrós, from *pénkʷe (“five”). Compare West Frisian finger, Low German/German Finger, Dutch vinger, Danish, Norwegian, and Swedish finger; also Old Armenian հինգեր-որդ (hinger-ord, “fifth”). More at five.

sormi

something similar in function to a finger

Humans have two hands and ten fingers. Each hand has one thumb and four fingers.

[M]aking a Cut here big enough to put her Finger in, which ſhe thruſts under the Guts, and with it rakes or tears out the Stone that lies neareſt to it.

1750, W[illiam] Ellis, The Country Housewife's Family Companion […] , London: James Hodges; B. Collins, →OCLC, page 157:

Each finger extended represents one-eighth of a cent. Thus when all four fingers and the thumb are extended, all being spread out from one another, it means five-eighths.

1916, “The Finger Talk of Chicago's Wheat-Pit”, in Popular Science Monthly, Vol. 89, p. 81:

In 1993 [Victor Candia] noticed that the fingers of his left hand were starting to curl up as he played [on his guitar]. It felt to him as if a magnet in his palm were preventing him from opening them. A week later, he could not play at all.

2014 March 29, “Don’t cramp my style”, in The Economist, volume 410, number 8880:

(anatomy) A slender jointed extremity of the human hand, (often) exclusive of the thumb.

掌頭仔 /掌头仔

chńg-thâu-á / chéng-thâu-á / chńg-thâu--á / chín-thâu--á

Something similarly extending, (especially) from a larger body, particularly:

(anatomy, obsolete) A lobe of the liver.


duck

en-noun

duck (countable and uncountable, plural ducks or duck)

desctree

Sranan Tongo: doksi (from the plural)
→ Dutch: doks

From Middle English doke, ducke, dukke, dokke, douke, duke, from Old English duce, dūce (“duck”, literally “dipper, diver, ducker”), from Old English *dūcan (“to dip, dive, duck”), from Proto-West Germanic *dūkan, from Proto-Germanic *dūkaną (“to dive, bend down”). See verb above.
Cognates
Cognate with Scots duik, duke, dook (“duck”), Danish dukand, dykand (“sea-duck”), Swedish dykfågel (“a diver, diving bird, plungeon”), Dutch duiker (“diver, dipper, plunger”), German Low German Düker (“diver”), German Taucher (“diver, plunger”).
For the meaning development compare with Russian ныро́к (nyrók, “pochard”) connected with ныря́ть (nyrjátʹ, “to dive”).

cog

could eat the arse out of a low flying duck

could eat the crotch out of a low flying duck

could eat the crutch from a low flying duck

don't teach your grandmother how to milk ducks

(medicine) A long-necked medical urinal for men; a bed urinal.


anterior

Borrowed from Latin anterior (“that is before, foremost”).

bor

(anatomy) Nearer the forward end, especially in the front of the body; nearer the head or forepart of an animal.

(botany) (of a part of a flower or leaf) Situated further away from the mainstem.

(phonetics) Pronounced with an obstruction located in front of the palato-alveolar region of the mouth, e.g. b, p, d, t.

Transillumination of anterior teeth, using the composite curing light placed labially to shine through the tooth and be viewed using the mouth mirror, shows up any cavities as dark interproximal shadows.

2013, Carole Hollins, Questions and Answers for Dental Nurses, page 44:


project

en-verb

project (third-person singular simple present projects, present participle projecting, simple past and past participle projected)

projects (present singular third-person)
projecting (participle present)
projected (participle past)
projected (past)

/pɹəˈd͡ʒɛkt/

From Latin prōiectus, perfect passive participle of prōiciō (“throw forth, extend; expel”).

(transitive, psychology, psychoanalysis) To assume qualities or mindsets in others based on one's own personality.

(neuroanatomy) (of a neuron or group of neurons) to have axon(s) extending to and therefore able to influence a remote location


visit

From Middle English visiten, from Old French visiter, from Latin vīsitō, frequentative of vīsō (“behold, survey”), from videō (“see”). Cognate with Old Saxon wīsōn (“to visit, afflict”), archaic German weisen (“to visit, afflict”). Displaced native Old English sēċan (“to visit”) and sōcn (“a visit”).

(medicine, insurance) A meeting with a doctor at their surgery or the doctor's at one's home.


collateral

en-noun

collateral (countable and uncountable, plural collaterals)

/kəˈlætəɹəl/

Recorded since c.1378, from Old French, from Medieval Latin collaterālis, from Latin col- (“together with”) (a form of con-) + the stem of latus (“side”). By surface analysis, col- + lateral.

Besides the arteries blood streams through numerous veins we call collaterals.

(anatomy) A branch of a bodily part or system of organs.

(anatomy) A thinner blood vessel providing an alternate route to blood flow in case the main vessel becomes occluded.


cream

cream (countable and uncountable, plural creams)

→ Chinese: 忌廉, 淇淋 (qílín)

→ Hindi: क्रीम (krīm)

→ Indonesian: krim

→ Japanese: クリーム (kurīmu)

→ Korean: 크림 (keurim)

→ Swahili: krimu

→ Thai: ครีม (kriim)

→ Zulu: ukhilimu

From Middle English creime, creme, from Old French creme, cresme, blend of Late Latin chrisma (“ointment”) (from Ancient Greek χρῖσμα (khrîsma, “unguent”)), and Late Latin crāmum (“cream”), from Gaulish *crama (compare Welsh cramen (“scab, skin”), Breton crammen), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)krama- (compare Middle Irish screm (“surface, skin”), Dutch schram (“abrasion”), Lithuanian kramas (“scurf”)). Doublet of crema and crème. Displaced native Old English rēam (“cream”) (> modern ream).
Figurative sense of "most excellent element or part" appears from 1581. Verb meaning "to beat, thrash, wreck" is 1929, U.S. colloquial. The U.S. standard of identity is from 21 CFR 131.3(a).

der

You look really sunburnt; you should apply some cream.

In vain she tries her paste and creams, / To smooth her skin or hide its seams.

1756, Oliver Goldsmith, The Double Transformation:

(medicine) A viscous aqueous oil/fat emulsion with a medicament added, used to apply that medicament to the skin. (compare with ointment)


candidate

From Latin candidātus (“a person who is standing for public office”), from candidus (“dazzling white, shining, clear”) + -ātus, -āta, -ātum (participial adjective-forming suffix), in reference to Roman candidates wearing bleached white togas as a symbol of purity at a public forum. Equivalent to candid + -ate (noun-forming suffix).

af

(genetics) A gene which may play a role in a given disease.


vertebra

en-noun

vertebra (plural vertebrae or (obsolete) vertebræ or vertebras)

vertebrae (plural)
vertebræ (obsolete plural)
vertebras (plural)

Borrowing from Latin vertebra (“a joint”), from vertō (“to turn”) + -bra (instrumental nominal suffix). Having multiple vertebrae (plural of vertebra) in one's backbone instead of having a single bone or solid spine, allows for the movement of the body with bends and turns. Hence meaning 1.

af

Meronyms: see Thesaurus:vertebra

Already I seemed to hear the water rippling against the desiccated bones and rattling them together, rolling my skull against Mahomed's, and his against mine, till at last Mahomed's stood straight up upon its vertebræ, and glared at me through its empty eyeholes, and cursed me with its grinning jaws, because I, a dog of a Christian, disturbed the last sleep of a true believer.

1886 October – 1887 January, H[enry] Rider Haggard, She: A History of Adventure, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., published 1887, →OCLC:

(anatomy) Any of the bony or cartilaginous segments which make up the backbone, consisting in some lower vertebrates of several distinct elements which never become united, and in higher vertebrates having a short more or less cylindrical body whose ends articulate by pads of elastic or cartilaginous tissue with those of adjacent vertebrae and a bony arch that encloses the spinal cord.

werwel

any of the small bones making up the backbone


recipe

→ Japanese: レシピ (reshipi)

Borrowed from Middle French récipé, from Latin recipe, second person singular imperative of Latin recipiō (“receive”). Doublet of recept and receipt.

As the world's drug habit shows, governments are failing in their quest to monitor every London window-box and Andean hillside for banned plants. But even that Sisyphean task looks easy next to the fight against synthetic drugs. No sooner has a drug been blacklisted than chemists adjust their recipe and start churning out a subtly different one.

2013 August 10, “A new prescription”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8848:

(medicine, archaic) A formula for preparing or using a medicine; a prescription; also, a medicine prepared from such instructions.


olive

From Middle English olyve, from Old French olive (“olive, olive tree”), from Latin olīva (“olive”), from Etruscan *𐌄𐌋𐌄𐌉𐌅𐌀 (*eleiva) or Proto-Greek *ἐλαίϝα (*elaíwa), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *loiwom (compare Old Church Slavonic лои (loi, “tallow”), Old Armenian եւղ (ewł, “oil”)). Doublet of oliva. Displaced native Old English eleberġe, literally "oil berry."

(neuroanatomy) An olivary body, part of the medulla oblongata.


sill

From Middle English sille, selle, sülle, from Old English syll, syl (“sill, threshold, foundation, base, basis”), from Proto-Germanic *sulī (“bar, sill”), from Proto-Indo-European *sel-, *swel- (“beam, board, frame, threshold”).
Cognate with Scots sil, sill (“balk, beam, floor, sill”), Dutch zulle (“sill”), Low German Sull, Sülle (“threshold, ramp, sill”), German Süll, Sülle (“threshold, sill”), Danish syld (“base of a framework building”), Swedish syll (“joist, cross-tie”), Norwegian syll, Icelandic syll, sylla (“sill”). Related also to German Schwelle ( > Danish svelle), Old Norse svill, Latin silva (“wood, forest”), Ancient Greek ὕλη (húlē).

cog

the nasal sill

(anatomy) A raised area at the base of the nasal aperture in the skull.


amber

en-noun

amber (countable and uncountable, plural ambers)

red

antonym(s) of “intermediate light in a set of three traffic lights”

From Middle English ambre, aumbre, from Old French aumbre, ambre, from Arabic عَنْبَر (ʕanbar, “ambergris”), from Middle Persian 𐭠𐭭𐭡𐭫 (ʾnbl /ambar/, “ambergris”). Compare English lamber, ambergris. Displaced Middle English smulting (from Old English smelting (“amber”)), Old English eolhsand (“amber”), Old English glær (“amber”), and Old English sāp (“amber, resin, pomade”).
* The nucleotide sequence "UAG" is named "amber" for the first person to isolate the amber mutation, California Institute of Technology graduate student Harris Bernstein, whose last name ("Bernstein") is the German word for the resin "amber".

ambergris

obsolete: the waxy product of the sperm whale

an amber codon, an amber mutation, an amber suppressor

For example, to cross a temperature-sensitive mutation with an amber mutation, amber suppressor cells are infected at the low (permissive) temperature.

2007, Molecular Genetics of Bacteria, edition 3, page 333:

Double ambers revert at 10⁻⁸−10⁻⁹, and therefore, reversion is negligible. Double-amber mutants are made by crossing single-amber mutants with each other.

2007, Jonathan C. Kuhn, “Detection of Salmonella by Bacteriophage Felix 01”, in Salmonella: Methods and Protocols, pages 27–28:

(biology, genetics, biochemistry) The stop codon (nucleotide triplet) "UAG", or a mutant which has this stop codon at a premature place in its DNA sequence.


grape

en-noun

grape (countable and uncountable, plural grapes)

From Middle English grape, from Old French grape, grappe, crape (“cluster of fruit or flowers, bunch of grapes”), from graper, craper (“to pick grapes”, literally “to hook”), of Germanic origin, from Frankish *krappō (“hook”), from Proto-Indo-European *greb- (“hook”), *gremb- (“crooked, uneven”), from *ger- (“to turn, bend, twist”). Cognate with Middle Dutch krappe (“hook”), Old High German krapfo (“hook”) (whence German Krapfen (“Berliner doughnut”). Doublet of grappa. More at cramp.

mountain grape

Vitis rupestris; Berberis aquifolium, syn. Mahonia aquifolium

possum grape

Vitis vulpina; Vitis baileyana; Cissus spp.

racoon grape

Vitis labrusca et al.; Ampelopsis cordata

table grape

Vitis spp.; see varieties thereof at List of grape varieties

(pathology) A mangy tumour on a horse's leg.


epilepsy

en-noun

epilepsy (countable and uncountable, plural epilepsies)

Since 16th century; borrowed from French épilepsie, from Latin epilēpsia, from Ancient Greek ἐπιληψίᾱ (epilēpsíā), from ἐπιλαμβάνω (epilambánō, “I seize”), from ἐπι- (epi-, “upon”) + λαμβάνω (lambánō, “I take”). Displaced native Old English fiellesēocnes (literally “falling sickness”).

ncog

Epilepsies, or fallings and reelings, and beastly vomitings. The least of these, even when the tongue begins to be untied, is a degree of drunkenness.

1651, Jer[emy] Taylor, The Rule and Exercises of Holy Living. […], 2nd edition, London: […] Francis Ashe […], →OCLC:

(pathology) A medical condition in which the sufferer experiences seizures (or convulsions) and blackouts.


egg

en-noun

egg (countable and uncountable, plural eggs)

→⇒ German: not the yellow from the egg

Jamaican Creole: eg

Sranan Tongo: eksi

The noun is derived from Middle English eg, egg, egge (“egg of a domestic or wild fowl; egg of a snake”) [and other forms] (originally Northern England and Northeast Midlands), from Old Norse egg (“egg”), from Proto-Germanic *ajją (“egg”) (by Holtzmann’s law), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ōwyóm (“egg”), probably from *h₂éwis (“bird”), from *h₂ew- (“to clothe oneself, dress; to be dressed”) (in the sense of an animal clothed in feathers). Doublet of huevo, oeuf, and ovum.
The native English ey [and other forms] (plural eyren) (obsolete), from Old English ǣġ, is also derived from Proto-Germanic *ajją. It survived into at least c. 16th century before being fully displaced by egg.
The verb is derived from the noun.

wôwan

approximately spherical or ellipsoidal body produced by birds, insects, reptiles, and other animals, housing the embryo within a membrane or shell during its development

ou

thing which looks like or is shaped like an egg

egg

person regarded as having not yet realized they are transgender, or who has not yet come out as transgender or is in the early stages of transitioning; one’s lack of awareness that one is transgender

kill the goose that lays the golden eggs

there's more than one way to cook an egg

there's more than one way to crack an egg

In the Fall into the division of labor, [Claude] Lévi-Strauss sees the great hunters trading women to create the exogamous bonds of one hunting band with another. The egg is, but the sperm does. The tiny sperm may be furious in its activity, but its highway to the egg is paved by the alkaline trail set down by the Great Mother.

1981, William Irwin Thompson, “Hominization”, in The Time Falling Bodies Take to Light: Mythology, Sexuality and the Origins of Culture (A Lindisfarne Series Book), New York, N.Y.: St. Martin’s Press, →ISBN, part 2 (The Transformations of Prehistory), page 80:

Although they serve the same function across the plant, animal and fungal kingdoms, sperm and eggs vary wildly in their structure and biochemistry, even among closely related species. […] Many genes that determine sperm and egg structure and biochemistry are rapidly evolving, constantly changing the chemical environment necessary for the sperm to bind to the egg.

2013 May-June, Katrina G. Claw, “Rapid Evolution in Eggs and Sperm”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 3, New Haven, Conn.: Sigma Xi, the Scientific Research Society, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2013-04-22, abstract, page 210:

(also cytology) Synonym of ovum (“the female gamete of an animal”); an egg cell.


lupus

Borrowed from Latin lupus (“wolf”). Doublet of lobo and wolf.

You like the name quesalupa? That is a little like "case of lupus". I just keep thinking about that.

2015 January 21, 00:05:15 from the start, in Conan Visits Taco Bell (Conan), Conan O'Brien (actor), Team Coco:

Iberdomide, a cereblon modulator promoting degradation of the transcription factors Ikaros and Aiolos, which affect leukocyte development and autoimmunity, is being evaluated for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

2022 March 17, Joan T. Merrill, Victoria P. Werth, Richard Furie et al., “Phase 2 Trial of Iberdomide in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus”, in The New England Journal of Medicine, volume 386, number 11, →DOI, page 1034:

systemic lupus erythematosus
systemic lupus erythematosus

(pathology) Any of a number of autoimmune diseases, the most common of which is systemic lupus erythematosus.


scalene

Borrowed from Late Latin scalēnus (“of unequal sides”), from Ancient Greek σκᾰληνός (skălēnós, “uneven, unequal”).

bor

(anatomy) Of or pertaining to the scalene muscle.


pancreas

en-noun

pancreas (plural pancreases or pancreata)

Existing in English since the sixteenth century: from Latin pancreas, from Ancient Greek πάγκρεας (pánkreas), from πᾶν (pân, “all”) (equivalent to English pan-) + κρέας (kréas, “flesh”).

(anatomy) A gland near the stomach which secretes a fluid into the duodenum to assist with food digestion.


leaflet

(anatomy) A flap of a valve of a heart or blood vessel.


tract

From Middle English tract, tracte, traht (“a treatise, exposition, commentary”), from Old English traht, tract (“a treatise, exposition, commentary, text, passage”); and also from Middle English tract, tracte (“an expanse of space or time”); both from Latin tractus (“a haul, drawing, a drawing out”), the perfect passive participle of trahō. Doublet of trait.

der

(anatomy) A series of connected body organs, such as the digestive tract.

kanava (as in ruoansulatuskanava, selkäydinkanava)


duct

Borrowed from Latin ductus (“leading, conducting”, noun), from dūcō (“to lead, conduct, draw”) + -tus (action noun suffix). Doublet of ductus and douit. Also via Medieval Latin ductus (“a conveyance of water; a channel”), which itself has the first mentioned etymology.

شَأن

pipe, tube or canal which carries air or liquid from one place to another

A pipe, tube or canal which carries gas or liquid from one place to another

(anatomy) A vessel for conveying lymph or glandular secretions such as tears or bile


abdo

CT chest abdo pelvis


abdo

abdo pain


AC

anterior chamber
anterior chamber#English

(anatomy) Initialism of anterior chamber.

Current UK practice, supported by NICE guidance is to complete local pelvic treatment with surgery±pre-operative radiotherapy, before considering systemic adjuvant chemotherapy (AC)

2018, Gollins S et al., “A prospective phase II study of pre-operative chemotherapy then short-course radiotherapy for high risk rectal cancer: COPERNICUS”, in British Journal of Cancer:

(medicine) Initialism of adjuvant chemotherapy.


AC

AC joint; AC separation

(anatomy, medicine) Initialism of acromioclavicular.


AC

(medicine) Initialism of ante cibum (before meals).


DC

en-verb

DC (third-person singular simple present DCs, present participle DCing, simple past and past participle DCed or DC'd)

DCs (present singular third-person)
DCing (participle present)
DCed (participle past)
DCed (past)
DC'd (participle past)
DC'd (past)

med dc'd


SA

SA block; SA node

(anatomy, medicine) Abbreviation of sinoatrial / sinoauricular.


benzoinated

en-adj

benzoinated (comparative more benzoinated, superlative most benzoinated)

more benzoinated (comparative)
most benzoinated (superlative)

(medicine) Containing or impregnated with benzoin