endoskeletal

All of these studies have presupposed acanthodian monophyly and stereotyped acanthodian endoskeletal morphology on Acanthodes, the latest-occurring, and a highly apomorphic genus.

2009 January 15, Martin D. Brazeau, “The braincase and jaws of a Devonian 'acanthodian' and modern gnathostome origins”, Nature Volume 457 No. 7227, doi:10.1038/nature07436

(anatomy) Of or pertaining to an internal skeleton, usually of bone (an endoskeleton).


submandibular

(anatomy, relational) Below the mandible.

(anatomy, relational) Of or relating to the submandibular gland.


overdeveloped

Excessively developed, as:
(biology, medicine) Overgrown.


ecchymose

en-verb

ecchymose (third-person singular simple present ecchymoses, present participle ecchymosing, simple past and past participle ecchymosed)

ecchymoses (present singular third-person)
ecchymosing (participle present)
ecchymosed (participle past)
ecchymosed (past)

/ˈɛ.kɪˌməʊz/

(medicine) To discolour by the production of an ecchymosis, or effusion of blood, beneath the skin.


bisacodyl

From bis- + ac(etate) + -o- + (pyri)dyl.

(pharmacology) A stimulant laxative typically prescribed for relief of constipation and for the management of neurogenic bowel dysfunction.


(immunology) an antigen, part of the T cell receptor (TCR) complex on mature T lymphocytes


indel

The observation that indels are enriched in linker relative to core sequence is also difficult to reconcile with a model of linker sequence conservation, because sites that are constrained for substitutions are also likely to be constrained for indel events.

2009 January 16, Colin A M Semple, Martin S Taylor, “MOLECULAR BIOLOGY: The Structure of Change”, in Science, volume 323, number 5912:

(genetics) Either an insertion or deletion mutation in the genetic code.


backcross

backcross (third-person singular simple present backcrosses, present participle backcrossing, simple past and past participle backcrossed)

backcrosses (present singular third-person)
backcrossing (participle present)
backcrossed (participle past)
backcrossed (past)

(genetics) To cross a hybrid with one of its parents.


backcross

(genetics) The act of crossing a hybrid with one of its parents.

(genetics) An organism produced by such a crossing.


tolazoline

en-noun

tolazoline (countable and uncountable, plural tolazolines)

(pharmacology) A non-selective competitive α-adrenergic receptor antagonist, a vasodilator used to treat spasms of peripheral blood vessels (as in acrocyanosis) and in veterinary medicine to reverse xylazine-induced sedation.


pristinamycin

From [Term?] + -mycin (“antibiotic derived from Streptomyces”).

af

(pharmacology) An antibiotic used primarily in the treatment of staphylococcal infections, and to a lesser extent streptococcal infections.


transactivator

(genetics) An endogenous cellular or viral protein that triggers transactivation.


erethic

en-adj

erethic (comparative more erethic, superlative most erethic)

more erethic (comparative)
most erethic (superlative)


macula lutea

From Latin macula (“stain, blemish”) + lūtea (“saffron yellow”).

(anatomy) macula (yellow spot in the human eye)


antral

In forms with a modified outer antral fence, both this and the adjacent distal band of the domiciliar wall may be concave and form the antrum (Figs. 6 J-K; 7 B), and in some forms the antrum apparently is formed by the dolon alone (dolonal antrum).

Antral gastritis may be graded as mild, moderate, or severe on the basis of an evaluation of the degree of obliteration of the pyloric glands, the degreee of infiltration of the lamina propria by inflammatory cells, and the presence and extent of intestinal metaplasia.

In sheep and cattle, it takes about 40 days for an early antral follicle (diameter 0.20-0.25 mm) to reach the preovulary stage.

2003, Ian R. Gordon, Laboratory Production of Cattle Embryos:


antrectomy

(surgery) The removal (resection) of part of the stomach, often combined with a vagotomy.


antiplaque

antiplaque (comparative more antiplaque, superlative most antiplaque)

more antiplaque (comparative)
most antiplaque (superlative)

The extract of one plant common in Illinois, Sanguinaria canadensis, or bloodroot, is an ingredient in brand name antiplaque toothpastes; and the National Cancer Institute has contracted with the University of Illinois to help test the antitumor properties of tropical plants.

1988 April 15, James Krohe Jr., “Where Has All the Flora Gone?”, in Chicago Reader:

(dentistry) Acting to prevent or remove plaque.


anticlotting

A year ago, Baxter International and APP Pharmaceuticals split the domestic market for heparin, an anticlotting drug needed for surgery and dialysis .

2009 January 20, Gardiner Harris, “Drug Making’s Move Abroad Stirs Concerns”, in New York Times:

(pharmacology) Acting to reduce or prevent the formation of blood clots

anticoagulante

acting to reduce or prevent the formation of blood clots


amlodipine

From am(ino-ch)lo(ro) + di(hydro)p(yrid)ine.

calcium channel blocker
calcium channel blocker

(pharmacology) A long-acting calcium channel blocker used as an anti-hypertensive and in the treatment of angina


metformin

en-noun

metformin (countable and uncountable, plural metformins)

From meth- + -formin (“phenformin derivative”).

af

(pharmacology) A biguanide derivative, C₄H₁₁N₅, used, now chiefly as the hydrochloride, as an oral hypoglycemic agent in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus; 1,1-dimethylbiguanide.


corticocortical

(anatomy) That connects one cortex with another.


corticostriatal

(anatomy) Of, pertaining to, or connecting a cortex and a striatum


corticotectal

en-adj

corticotectal (comparative more corticotectal, superlative most corticotectal)

more corticotectal (comparative)
most corticotectal (superlative)

(anatomy) Of, pertaining to, or connecting a cortex and a tectum


monosynaptic

(neuroanatomy) Having, or involving a single synapse


dsDNA

en-noun

dsDNA (countable and uncountable, plural dsDNAs)

(genetics) Initialism of double-stranded DNA.


rDNA

Initialism of ribosomal / recombinant DNA.


rRNA

en-noun

rRNA (countable and uncountable, plural rRNAs)


dysmorphia

dysmorphia (countable and uncountable, plural dysmorphias)

From Ancient Greek δυσμορφίᾱ (dusmorphíā, “misshapenness, ugliness”), from δυσ- (dus-, “bad, mal-”) + μορφή (morphḗ, “shape, form”) + -ίᾱ (-íā). By surface analysis, dys- + -morph + -ia.

surf

Body dysmorphia “was invented by old psychologists who grew up in the Fifties and had NO problem to find a looksmatch [someone who is your counterpart in terms of appearance] or even better-looking wife”, noted another.

2019 August 6, Alice Hines, “Men are having their faces rebuilt – and it’s all to get a date”, in The Times, UK:

The quest for perfect pecs is so strong that psychiatrists now sometimes refer to it as “bigorexia,” a form of muscle dysmorphia exhibited mostly by men and characterized by excessive weight lifting, a preoccupation with not feeling muscular enough and a strict adherence to eating foods that lower weight and build muscle.

2022 March 5, Alex Hawgood, “What Is ‘Bigorexia’?”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

(psychology, psychiatry) Any of various psychological disorders of distorted body image in which a person inaccurately believes that their body is misshapen or inadequate, such as anorexia, bulimia, and muscle dysmorphia ("bigorexia").


angioma

(medicine) A benign tumor made up of small blood vessels or lymph vessels.


angiopathy

(pathology) Any disease of the blood vessels.


enantiodromia

en-noun

enantiodromia (countable and uncountable, plural enantiodromias)

If one wishes to gain an understanding of how humanity could shift from the one to the other, one needs to have an understanding of the enantiodromia (a movement that turns into its opposite) of the development of gathering into agriculture.

1981, William Irwin Thompson, The Time Falling Bodies Take to Light: Mythology, Sexuality and the Origins of Culture, London: Rider/Hutchinson & Co., page 131:

(psychiatry, according to Carl Jung) The principle whereby the superabundance of one force inevitably produces its opposite, as with physical equilibrium.


podagra

podagra (usually uncountable, plural podagras)

Ultimately from Ancient Greek ποδάγρα (podágra, “foot trap; podagra”).


edematous

en-adj

edematous (comparative more edematous, superlative most edematous)

more edematous (comparative)
most edematous (superlative)

[…] Mary grew nearly blind in her sixties, in part because constant weeping had caused her corneas to become edematous.

1988 January 8, James Krohe Jr., “Reading: Last Among First Ladies”, in Chicago Reader:


anticandida

With nothing to lose at this stage, Truss gave the patient a known anticandida medication, and almost miraculously the symptoms disappeared and the man quickly recovered.

1988 January 22, Robert McClory, “The Yeast of Our Problems”, in Chicago Reader:

Candida albicans
Candida albicans#Translingual

(medicine) Acting to combat or prevent an infection with the yeast Candida albicans

anticândida

acting to combat or prevent candida infection


arthritislike

arthritislike (comparative more arthritislike, superlative most arthritislike)

more arthritislike (comparative)
most arthritislike (superlative)

She developed severe arthritislike pains in her knees, shoulders, and back, and she couldn't stop sneezing in the halls and classrooms.

(medicine) Resembling or characteristic of arthritis


introitus

/ɪnˈtɹəʊ.ɪtəs/

During NA therapy, 49 of the 54 women cleared their introitus of all Enterobacteriaceae.

1980, Thomas Alexander Stamey, Pathogenesis and Treatment of Urinary Tract Infections, Williams & Wilkins, →ISBN, page 144, →ISBN:

Now, far be it from me to add insult to injury, but how could you be so klutzy that you "missed the introitus"?

1988 January 29, Cecil Adams, “The Straight Dope”, in Chicago Reader:

There is nothing feminine about these male pseudohermaphrodites except their introitus, and they seem to be normally male otherwise.

1993: Daniel Carleton Gajdusek, Melanesian journal: expedition to New Hebrides, Solomon Islands, Manus, New Britain, and New Guinea, 23 January 1965 to 7 April 1965, page 90 (Study of Child Growth and Development and Disease Patterns in Primitive Cultures, Laboratory of Central Nervous System Studies, National Institute of Neurological Disease and Stroke, National Institutes of Health)

(medicine) The entrance to a hollow organ or canal; often specifically the entrance to the vagina.


complex post-traumatic stress disorder

en-noun

complex post-traumatic stress disorder (uncountable)

post-traumatic stress disorder
post-traumatic stress disorder

(psychology, psychiatry) A form of post-traumatic stress disorder that results from extended exposure to extreme trauma.


dissociative identity disorder

dissociative identity disorder (countable and uncountable, plural dissociative identity disorders)

dissociative identity disorders (plural)

(psychiatry) A mental disorder characterized by the presence of two or more personality states or distinct identities that repeatedly take control of a person's behavior.

解離性人格疾患 /解离性人格疾患

mental disorder characterized by personality states


sing.

(medicine, in prescriptions) Abbreviation of singulorum.


photopsia

photopsia (countable and uncountable, plural photopsias)

(medicine) The presence of perceived flashes of light.


synostosis

synostosis (countable and uncountable, plural synostoses)

From syn- + Ancient Greek ὀστέον (ostéon, “bone”) + -osis.

(physiology) The fusion of adjacent bones by the growth of a bony material

Conditions such as those are known collectively as single suture synostosis.

2009 January 25, Denis Campbell, “Kian, 4, needs a miracle. He's in the right place”, in The Observer:

(pathology) The abnormal development of a joint.


dysostosis

From dys- + Ancient Greek ὀστέον (ostéon, “bone”) + -osis.

(medicine) A disorder of the development of bone.


autopalatine

(anatomy) A paired bone in the roof of the mouth of fish


basicranium

(anatomy) The inferior region of the skull


basipterygoid

(anatomy) Of or pertaining to the base of the sphenoid bone


basipterygoid

basipterygoid process
basipterygoid process


basisphenoid

(anatomy) Of or pertaining to the base of the sphenoid bone, especially to a centre of ossification there in the embryo


whipworm

whipworm (countable and uncountable, plural whipworms)

Dr. Elliott said that in Argentina, researchers found that patients with multiple sclerosis who were infected with the human whipworm had milder cases and fewer flare-ups of their disease over a period of four and a half years.

2009 January 27, Jane E. Brody, “Babies Know: A Little Dirt Is Good for You”, in New York Times:

Any of the genus Trichuris of roundworms that infect certain mammals

(medicine) Trichuris trichiura, a roundworm, causing trichuriasis when it infects a human large intestine.


bapineuzumab

From [Term?] + neu(ral) + -zumab (“humanized monoclonal antibody”).

af

(pharmacology) A humanized monoclonal antibody that acts on the nervous system and has potential therapeutic value for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and possibly glaucoma.


ribavirin

en-noun

ribavirin (countable and uncountable, plural ribavirins)

From rib(oside) + -a- + -vir- (“antiviral”) + -in.

af

Due to the paucity of approved treatments, it should come as no surprise that thousands of PWAs/PWARCs have found it necessary to try some of the more widely available alternative treatments. These include DNCB (a compound applied topically that has been used for Kaposi's sarcoma), ribavirin (an anti-viral treatment) and isoprinosene (an immune enhancer).

1988 August 13, Miranda Kolbe, “A PWA Movement of Guerrilla Clinics”, in Gay Community News, volume 16, number 5, page 8:

(pharmacology) A synthetic analog of guanosine with chemical formula C₈H₁₂N₄O₅ that inhibits viral nucleic acid synthesis and is used as a broad-spectrum antiviral drug especially in the treatment of respiratory syncytial virus infection and chronic hepatitis C.


trichuriasis

en-noun

trichuriasis (countable and uncountable, plural trichuriases)

(medicine) A parasitic disease caused by infection of the large intestine by a whipworm


dieback

The National Trust reports that 30,000 ash trees on its land will have been felled this year owing to ash dieback. “Dieback” sounds like a gentle, seasonal withdrawal. In fact, ash dieback is a devastating disease caused by a fungus, Hymenoscyphus fraxineus, likely to have been carried into the UK on imported ash saplings in the early part of this century.

2021 December 12, “The Guardian view on ash dieback: a tiny chink of hope”, in The Guardian:

(phytopathology) The browning and death of a plant shoot starting at the tip, due to either disease or climate conditions.


hemoglobinopathy

hemoglobinopathy (countable and uncountable, plural hemoglobinopathies)

(American spelling, medicine) Any of a range of inherited genetic disorders affecting hemoglobin.


ablastin

From Ancient Greek ἄβλαστος (áblastos, “not germinating”) + English -in (“enzyme”).

der

(immunology) An immunoglobulin G antibody efficient against some protozoans, specifically Trypanosoma lewisi, by preventing reproduction.


morphant

(genetics) Any organism that has been treated with a morpholino to alter the expression of a gene


nonprogressor

(medicine) A person who is infected with HIV but whose infection does not progress to become AIDS.


segregant

en-adj

segregant (comparative more segregant, superlative most segregant)

more segregant (comparative)
most segregant (superlative)


segregant

(genetics) An organism that is the result of segregation; a segregate


transconjugant

(genetics) An organism (especially a bacterium) that has incorporated DNA from another via conjugation


MPD

en-noun

MPD (countable and uncountable, plural MPDs)

(pathology) Initialism of myeloproliferative disease.

mammary Paget's disease
mammary Paget's disease#English

mammary Paget disease
mammary Paget disease#English

(medicine) Initialism of mammary Paget's disease / mammary Paget disease.


antipathogen

(medicine) Any drug that counters the effects of a pathogen


venography

venography (countable and uncountable, plural venographies)

(medicine) A diagnostic procedure in which an X-ray of the veins, a venogram, is taken after a special dye is injected into the bone marrow or veins.


echoencephalography

echoencephalography (countable and uncountable, plural echoencephalographies)

(medicine) The detailing of interfaces in the brain by means of ultrasonic waves.


myelography

(medicine) A type of radiographic examination that uses a contrast medium to detect pathology of the spinal cord, including the location of a spinal cord injury, cysts, and tumors.


zonula

Borrowed from Latin zōnula (“small belt or girdle”).

The zonula originates by a small number of delicate fibres from the vitreous [lamella].

1883, Half-yearly compendium of medical science, volumes 31-34, page 146:

Nevertheless, the zonula is most often considered as the principal agent of transmission.

1980, Yves Le Grand, Sami G. El Hage, Physiological Optics, page 95:

(anatomy) Any of several small belt-like regions.


zopissa

(medicine, obsolete) An old medicinal mixture of pitch and tar scraped from the sides of ships.


antiendotoxic

en-adj

antiendotoxic (comparative more antiendotoxic, superlative most antiendotoxic)

more antiendotoxic (comparative)
most antiendotoxic (superlative)

(toxicology, pharmacology) That counteracts the effects of an endotoxin

antiendotóxico

that counteracts the effects of an endotoxin


archaeogenetic

(archaeology, genetics) Of or pertaining to archaeogenetics


archaeogenetics

(archaeology, genetics) The application of population genetics to archaeology

archeogenetika

the application of population genetics to archaeology


Bioconductor

(genetics) An open source software project for the analysis and comprehension of genomic data.


cladogenesis

en-noun

cladogenesis (countable and uncountable, plural cladogeneses)

(genetics) An evolutionary splitting event in which each branch and its smaller branches forms a clade


biosimilar

Coordinate term: bio-original

(medicine) A variant of a biopharmaceutical that is marketed following the expiry of the original patent.


myotome

(biology, medicine) In vertebrate embryonic development, a group of tissues formed from any particular one of the somites that develop into the body wall muscle. .

(biology, medicine) In neurology, a group of muscles innervated from a particular spinal segment; the division of innervation reflects the embryology of the various somites.

(biology, medicine) A surgical instrument for performing myotomy.


brefeldin

(medicine) Any of several lactone antibiotics produced by fungi


bronchoalveolitis

(medicine) inflammation of the bronchioles of the lungs; leads to bronchopneumonia


carbenicillin

(pharmacology) A broad-spectrum semisynthetic form of penicillin C₁₇H₁₈N₂O₆S used to treat infection by Gram-negative bacteria (as pseudomonas).


caudolateral

(anatomy) Of or pertaining to the tail and the side of an organ etc.


caudomedial

(anatomy) Of or pertaining to the tail and the inside (nearest the middle) of an organ etc


chloramphenicol

chloramphenicol (countable and uncountable, plural chloramphenicols)

/ˌklɔɹˌæmˈfɛn.ɪˌkɔl/

From chlor- + am(ide) + phen- + ni(tro)- + (gly)col.

af

(pharmacology) A broad-spectrum antibiotic C₁₁H₁₂Cl₂N₂O₅ isolated from cultures of a soil actinomycete (Streptomyces venezuelae) or prepared synthetically and used against serious infections such as typhoid fever.


eliminatory

en-adj

eliminatory (comparative more eliminatory, superlative most eliminatory)

more eliminatory (comparative)
most eliminatory (superlative)

(anatomy) Of or relating to the system through which elimination of digestive waste occurs; excretory.


eliminatory system

en-noun

eliminatory system (plural eliminatory systems)

(anatomy) The system through which digestive waste is removed from the body.


clinicopathologic

From clinico- + pathologic or clinicopathology + -ic.

In summary, clinicopathologic correlation in inflammatory skin disorders is essential [in] arriving at a correct diagnosis. Communication between the pathologist and the clinician is essential in the care of these patients. Dermatologists’ understanding of the pathology and the optimal method of biopsy and specimen handling is extremely important. By the same token, the pathologists’ understanding of clinical information pertinent in distinguishing these disorders is extremely beneficial in aiding the clinician’s narrowing of the differential diagnosis. Collaboration between the dermatologist and the pathologist in determining a final diagnosis in these cases can be challenging and rewarding, resulting in optimal care for the patient.

2004, Adrienne Rencic, “Clinicopathologic correlation in inflammatory dermatoses: a dermatologist’s perspective”, in AJSP: Reviews & Reports, volume 9, number 2, →DOI, pages 27–35:

When I was a medical student, clinicopathologic conferences (CPC) were big events. […] When done properly, the CPC is a great medical educational tool.

2015, Rachel Hajar, “The clinicopathologic conference”, in Heart Views, volume 16, number 4, →DOI, →PMID, →PMCID, pages 170–173:

(medicine) Relating to clinicopathology, that is, both the clinical symptoms of a patient and the results of laboratory (especially pathology laboratory) tests, as in clinicopathologic correlations or a clinicopathologic conference.

clinicoradiopathologic

clinical, radiologic, and pathologic findings all correlated


coexpression

coexpression (countable and uncountable, plural coexpressions)

(genetics) The simultaneous expression of two or more genes.


coinfected

There is much concern about syphilis altering its course in people coinfected with HIV.

1989 April 8, John Dooley, “Syphilis and AIDS: What's the Connection?”, in Gay Community News, page 9:

(medicine) Simultaneously infected by two or more organisms.


connectome

The tools Seung and his colleagues have developed to map the connectome are beginning to offer important insights into these previously baffling conditions.

2012, Adam Zeman, ‘Only Connect’, Literary Review, number 399:

Creating a complete map of the human connectome would therefore be a monumental milestone but not the end of the journey to understanding how our brains work.

2012 March-April, Terrence J. Sejnowski, “Well-connected Brains”, in American Scientist, volume 100, number 2, archived from the original on 2017-04-27, page 171:

(biology, neuroscience) The complete mapping of the structural links in an organism's neural circuitry.

konnektomi

complete description of nervous system connectivity


cosegregated

en-adj

cosegregated (comparative more cosegregated, superlative most cosegregated)

more cosegregated (comparative)
most cosegregated (superlative)

(genetics) transmitted to the next generation along with another


sulfadoxine

(pharmacology) A long-lasting sulfonamide often used to treat or prevent malaria and certain infections of livestock.


radixin

(genetics) Synonym of RDX gene Ellipsis of radixin gene. A human gene, for a cytoskeletal protein resembling ezrin and moesin that may be important in linking actin to the plasma membrane.


ezrin

(genetics) Synonym of EZR gene Ellipsis of ezrin gene. A human gene that encodes a cytoplasmic peripheral membrane protein serving as an intermediate between the plasma membrane and the actin cytoskeleton.


moesin

Acronym of membrane-organizing extension spike protein + -in (“protein”)

suffix

<i class="Latn mention" lang="en">protein</i>

(genetics) Synonym of MSN gene Ellipsis of moesin gene. A human gene, localized to filopodia and other membranous protrusions.


mitomycin

From mito- (“nucleotoxic agent”) + -mycin (“antibiotic derived from Streptomyces”).

af

(pharmacology) Any of a family of aziridine-containing natural products isolated from the filamentous bacterium Streptomyces lavendulae, one of which is used as a chemotherapeutic agent.


tocolytic

en-adj

tocolytic (comparative more tocolytic, superlative most tocolytic)

more tocolytic (comparative)
most tocolytic (superlative)

(medicine) That suppresses premature labour


tocolytic

(medicine) Any drug that suppresses premature labour—premature giving birth.


cacatory

For the diners, the effects of the chicken cacciatore, alas, were cacatory.

(medicine, rare) Accompanied by diarrhea


cytotype

(genetics) An individual of a species that has a different chromosomal factor to another (e.g. haploid versus diploid).


decondensation

(cytology) A loosening of the texture of chromatin.


decondensed

decondensed (comparative more decondensed, superlative most decondensed)

more decondensed (comparative)
most decondensed (superlative)

(cytology) Describing chromatin that has a loosened texture


dermomyotome

(anatomy) All of a mesodermal somite except the sclerotome


rebound tenderness

(medicine) Pain felt upon the removal of pressure on the abdomen.


diarrheagenic

diarrheagenic (comparative more diarrheagenic, superlative most diarrheagenic)

more diarrheagenic (comparative)
most diarrheagenic (superlative)


immunochemical

/ˌɪˌmjuːnəʊˈkɛmɪkəl/

(immunology) Any immunoactive chemical compound.


endplate

(anatomy) A modified muscle fibre in the form of a flattened discoid at a neuromuscular junction.


hemangioma

en-noun

hemangioma (plural hemangiomas or hemangiomata)

hemangiomas (plural)
hemangiomata (plural)

(pathology) A congenital, benign tumor of endothelial cells.


putamen

For calculation of D2 BP, bilateral caudate and putamen ROIs were defined anatomically.

2009 February 6, Fiona McNab et al., “Changes in Cortical Dopamine D1 Receptor Binding Associated with Cognitive Training”, in Science, volume 323, number 5915, →DOI, pages 800–802:

[M]ultilingual speakers have a greater density of grey matter in the area involved in articulation and phonological processes, namely the left putamen.

2019, Albert Costa, translated by John W. Schwieter, The Bilingual Brain, Penguin, published 2021, page 92:

(neuroanatomy) A round structure located at the base of the forebrain, regulating movement and learning.


polyphenic

Both types of threshold mechanism have been shown to couple horn growth with nutrition in scarab beetles and are considered facultative (polyphenic) regulatory processes, and preliminary evidence suggested that they might sometimes both be present in the same species.

2009 February 6, J. Mark Rowland, Douglas J. Emlen, “Two Thresholds, Three Male Forms Result in Facultative Male Trimorphism in Beetles”, in Science, volume 323, number 5915, →DOI, pages 773–776:

(genetics) Having multiple phenotypes that can arise as a result of differing environmental conditions.


megalocardia

(medicine) The condition of having an enlarged heart.


blasticidin

(medicine) Any of a class of antibiotics used to select transformed cells in genetic engineering


calpeptin

(medicine) A cell-permeable calpain inhibitor, benzoyloxycarbonyldipeptidyl aldehyde


carbochol

(medicine) A slowly-hydrolyzed cholinergic agonist that acts at both muscarinic and nicotinic receptors


cisternal

(anatomy) Relating to cisterns or cisternae


cancellous

(anatomy, of bone) Having low density and strength but high surface area, of the kind that fills the inner cavity of long bones.


nandrolone

(pharmacology) A semisynthetic anabolic steroid C₁₈H₂₆O₂ derived from testosterone that is used in the form of its ester derivatives medically especially to treat anemia associated with kidney disease and illicitly (as by athletes and bodybuilders) to increase muscle mass.


ependymoma

ependymoma (plural ependymomas or ependymomata)

ependymomas (plural)
ependymomata (plural)

central nervous system
central nervous system

(pathology, oncology) A tumour of the central nervous system arising from the ependyma


percute

en-verb

percute (third-person singular simple present percutes, present participle percuting, simple past and past participle percuted)

percutes (present singular third-person)
percuting (participle present)
percuted (participle past)
percuted (past)


eritoran

(medicine) A synthetic lipid analog used as a therapeutic agent against sepsis


ethmosphenoid

(anatomy) Relating to, or joining the ethmoid and sphenoid bones.

etmosfenoid

relating to, or joining the ethmoid and sphenoid bones


ethnobotany

en-noun

ethnobotany (usually uncountable, plural ethnobotanies)

(pharmacology) The scientific study of traditional medicinal plants used by various ethnic groups.


etomidate

From eth(yl) + -o- + (i)mid(azole) + (carboxyl)ate.

af

(pharmacology) A short-acting intravenous anaesthetic, ethyl 3-[(1R)-1-phenylethyl]imidazole-4-carboxylate.


exemestane

From [Term?] + -mestane (“aromatase inhibitor”).

(pharmacology) An antineoplastic drug C₂₀H₂₄O₂ (trademark Aromasin) that is taken orally in the treatment of advanced breast cancer in postmenopausal women. It is a steroidal aromatase inhibitor that suppresses the synthesis of estrogen, a hormone that acts as a growth factor for breast cancer cells.


extramedullary

/ˌɛkstɹəməˈdʌləɹi/

/ˌɛkstɹəˈmɛdəlɛɹi/

/ˌɛkstɹəˈmɛd͡ʒulɛɹi/

From extra- + medullary or extra- + medulla + -ary.

Extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH) is a rare disorder, defined as the appearance of hematopoietic elements outside the bone marrow or peripheral blood. The most common sites of EMH are liver and spleen, but it has been documented in other organs such as the mediastinum, lymph nodes, breast, and central nervous system. EMH occurs as a compensatory mechanism for bone marrow dysfunction in severe thalassemia.

2018, Abdulla MA, Yassin MA, Abdelrazek M, Mudawi D, Ibrahim F, Soliman DS, ElOmri H, Nashwan AJ, Fernihough L, De Sanctis V, Soliman AT, “A persistent cough as atypical clinical presentation of intrathoracic extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH) in a female with thalassemia intermedia”, in Acta Biomedica, volume 89, number 2-S, →DOI, →PMID, pages 41–46:

(anatomy, medicine) Outside of a medulla; thus:

(anatomy, medicine) Outside of the bone marrow, as with extramedullary hematopoiesis.

As no complete study has been made of reflex response to stimulation of ipsilateral vagus in regard to extramedullary respiratory control system, the authors have tried to clarify the influence of the stimulation of the vagus on the ipsilateral posterior cricoarytenoid muscle (PCA).

1976, Fukuda H, Akitaya T, Kirchner JA, “Evoked response in the posterior cricoarytenoid to stimulation of the ipsilateral vagus”, in Keio Journal of Medicine, volume 25, number 3, →PMID, pages 111–122:

(anatomy, medicine) Outside of the medulla oblongata, as with extramedullary influences on control of ventilation.

Similar mechanisms likely underlie the expression of relevant transporters and/or enzymes for the alternative nonperturbing osmolytes (11,12,35) in renal medullary tubular cells. Osmotic induction of AR2 and MI transport has also been described in extramedullary renal cells and in nonrenal cells rarely or never exposed to significant physiologic hyperosmolarity in vivo (31,39).

1993, Henry DN, Del Monte M, Greene DA, Killen PD, “Altered aldose reductase gene regulation in cultured human retinal pigment epithelial cells”, in Journal of Clinical Investigation, volume 92, number 2, →DOI, →PMID, →PMCID, pages 617–623:

(anatomy, medicine) Outside of the renal medulla, as with extramedullary electrolytes or renal tissue.

This paper reports on neoplastic disease of the spine and spinal cord. Spinal tumors are often categorized as extradural, intradural–extramedullary, or intramedullary in location. This classification represents somewhat of an over-generalization for two reasons. First, a given lesion may reside in two compartments simultaneously. […] Second, in different cases, two lesions with identical pathology may occur in different compartments. […] Nevertheless, this classification scheme is useful, because it is traditional and helps to characterize spinal tumors.

1991, G Sze, M Twohig, “Neoplastic disease of the spine and spinal cord”, in Scott W. Atlas, editors, Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain and Spine, →ISBN, pages 921–966:

MR imaging revealed isolated intradural-extramedullary involvement (n = 9), isolated intramedullary involvement (n = 3), combined intradural-extramedullary and intramedullary involvement (n = 3), and/or syringomyelia caused by infection and associated with chronic spinal arachnoiditis (n = 2).

1997, CC Leite, JR Jinkins, BE Escobar, AC Magalhães, GC Gomes, G Dib, SA Vargas, C Zee, AT Watanabe, “MR imaging of intramedullary and intradural-extramedullary spinal cysticercosis”, in American Journal of Roentgenology, volume 169, number 6, →DOI, →PMID, pages 1713–1717:

(anatomy, medicine) Outside of the spinal cord, as with intrameningeal but extramedullary tissues of the central nervous system.


fibrolamellar

en-adj

fibrolamellar (comparative more fibrolamellar, superlative most fibrolamellar)

more fibrolamellar (comparative)
most fibrolamellar (superlative)

(anatomy) Having fibrous lamellated bands.


fluctuant

fluctuant (comparative more fluctuant, superlative most fluctuant)

more fluctuant (comparative)
most fluctuant (superlative)

Borrowed from Latin fluctuans, fluctuantem.

(medicine) Used to describe a fluid-filled structure, such as an abscess, that produces a wave-like motion when palpated.


laminitis

For months, the left hind leg put Barbaro’s recovery in serious jeopardy because of laminitis, the often-fatal hoof disease.

2007 January 28, The Associated Press, “Sports Briefing”, in New York Times:

(veterinary medicine) A disease of the digital laminae of the hoof


subchondral

The subchondral osseous layer which contains the embryonic marrow is thin

1880, Victor Cornil, Louis Antoine Ranvier, Edward Oram Shakespeare, J. Henry Clay Simes, A Manual of Pathological Histology, page 236:

Chondral and osteochondral fractures involve traumatic damage to the cartilage and the subchondral bone

2006, Juergen Maeurer, Martin Breitenseher, Imaging Strategies for the Knee, page 29:

(bone) Lying under articular cartilage and containing marrow.


tachyphylaxis

(medicine) A rapidly decreasing response to a drug following administration of the initial doses.


smell test

hajukoe

physiology: assessment of the sense of smell

Although scientists have yet to pin down any biological basis for cigarette smokers' impaired performance on the smell test, Doty says he suspects that certain chemicals in smoke . . . damage the olfactory receptor cells in the nose.

1990, K. A. Fackelmann, “Smokers Suffer from Impaired Smell”, in Science News, volume 137, number 9, page 134:

(physiology) An assessment of a subject's ability to detect and distinguish odors.


nose test

Suggesting the identification of something by how it smells.

Near-synonym: smell test

The pollen blocker cream appeared to help; after using the cream, people did better on the nose test.

2004 November 8, Helen Fields, “Rub your nose in it”, in U.S. News & World Report, retrieved 2009-02-07:

(physiology) An inspection of the nasal passages or a trial of their function, as for breathing difficulties or olfactory ability.


glossopharyngeal

(anatomy, relational) Pertaining to both the tongue and the pharynx.

舌咽的

pertaining to the tongue and the pharynx


glossopharyngeal

glossopharyngeal nerve
glossopharyngeal nerve#English

(neuroanatomy) Ellipsis of glossopharyngeal nerve..


myelodysplastic

myelodysplastic (comparative more myelodysplastic, superlative most myelodysplastic)

more myelodysplastic (comparative)
most myelodysplastic (superlative)

(medicine) Of, pertaining to, or showing evidence of myelodysplasia


ulnare

For more than 50 years, it has been known that some lobe-finned fish have homologues of two wrist bones, the intermedium and ulnare.

2009 February 11, Neil Shubin et al., “Deep homology and the origins of evolutionary novelty”, in Nature, volume 457, number 7231, →DOI, pages 818–823:

(anatomy) One of the carpal bones, situated at the distal end of the ulna.


citalopram

Probably from cy(ano)- + (ph)thal(imide) + -o- + pr(opyl)am(ine).

af

(pharmacology) A drug that functions as a SSRI and is administered orally in the form of its hydrobromide C₂₀H₂₁FN₂O·HBr to treat depression and anxiety. It is marketed under the trademark Celexa.


staurosporine

en-noun

staurosporine (countable and uncountable, plural staurosporines)

(medicine) An alkaloid derived from the bacterium Streptomyces staurosporeus that has antifungal and antihypertensive properties


hypomodified

en-adj

hypomodified (comparative more hypomodified, superlative most hypomodified)

more hypomodified (comparative)
most hypomodified (superlative)

(biochemistry, genetics) modified to an abnormally small degree


hypomyelination

en-noun

hypomyelination (usually uncountable, plural hypomyelinations)

(medicine) An abnormally small amount of myelin in the brain and spinal cord.


hypsodont

(dentistry) Describing teeth that have large crowns (characteristic of herbivores)


immunolocalization

immunolocalization (countable and uncountable, plural immunolocalizations)

(immunology) The use of immunological techniques to identify the location of molecules or other structures within cells or tissues


immunophenotype

(genetics) The immunological and genetic characteristics of an organism.


immunotype

en-verb

immunotype (third-person singular simple present immunotypes, present participle immunotyping, simple past and past participle immunotyped)

immunotypes (present singular third-person)
immunotyping (participle present)
immunotyped (participle past)
immunotyped (past)

(immunology) To separate and analyse immunotypes


intravasation

en-noun

intravasation (countable and uncountable, plural intravasations)

From intra- + vas + -ation or intravasate + -ion.

(medicine) The entry of foreign (especially cancerous) material into a blood vessel.


invertor

(anatomy) Any muscle that turns a body part inwards.


letrozole

From [Term?] + -rozole (“imidazole-triazole derivative”).

af

(pharmacology) A nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor C₁₇H₁₁N₅ (trademark Femara) that is administered orally to treat breast cancer in postmenopausal women.


leukoencephalopathy

(medicine) Any disease that effects the white matter of the brain


lithogenic

en-adj

lithogenic (comparative more lithogenic, superlative most lithogenic)

more lithogenic (comparative)
most lithogenic (superlative)

(medicine) Promoting the formation of calculi.


lymphopoiesis

en-noun

lymphopoiesis (countable and uncountable, plural lymphopoieses)

(medicine) The development of lymphocytes and associated tissue


cephalgia

Coined based on Ancient Greek κεφαλή (kephalḗ, “head”)+ ἄλγος (álgos, “pain”). See cephalo-, -algia.


iliocostalis

(anatomy) The lateral division of the erector spinae, consisting of the iliocostalis lumborum musculus, iliocostalis thoracis musculus, and iliocostalis cervicis musculus.


amikacin

amikacin (countable and uncountable, plural amikacins)

From ami(no)- + -kacin (“kanamycin and bekanamycin derivative”).

af

XDR-TB is defined as tuberculosis that is resistant to the two most important antituberculosis drugs (isoniazid and rifampin), along with […] a member of the fluoroquinolone class and at least one of three others (capreomycin, kanamycin and amikacin).

2007 March 20, Lawrence K. Altman, “Rise of a Deadly TB Reveals a Global System in Crisis”, in New York Times:

(pharmacology) A semisynthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic that is derived from kanamycin and is administered intravenously or intramuscularly in the form of its sulfate C₂₂H₄₃N₅O₁₃·2 H₂SO₄ to treat serious bacterial infections.


antianxiety

Among the most frequent offenders are antidepressants and antianxiety drugs, blood pressure medications and opioid pain relievers.

2007 April 10, Jane E. Brody, “A Lively Libido Isn’t Reserved for the Young”, in New York Times:

(psychology, pharmacology) Acting to combat or reduce anxiety.


antianxiety

(pharmacology) A medication that combats or reduces anxiety.

antiansietas

a medication that combats or reduces anxiety


antiseizure

anti-seize

etymologically similar but idiomatically noninterchangeable

Most neurologists would start a patient like the chief justice on one of a number of antiseizure drugs, Dr. Miller said.

2007 July 31, Linda Greenhouse, “Chief Justice Is Hospitalized After Seizure”, in New York Times:

(pharmacology) Intended to combat or reduce seizures.


antituberculosis

XDR-TB is defined as tuberculosis that is resistant to the two most important antituberculosis drugs (isoniazid and rifampin)[…].

(pharmacology) Acting to combat or counteract tuberculosis


antirejection

Like most transplant recipients, Kainer takes daily antirejection medication and takes precautions for a diminished immune system.

2007 April 5, Pat Borzi, “For a Reds Prospect, Dreaming the Big League Dream, Again”, in New York Times:

(medicine) Acting to prevent rejection of a transplanted organ or tissue

antirejet

acting to prevent rejection of a transplanted organ or tissue


physiatrist

Since it was pioneered in 2001 by Todd Kuiken, a physiatrist and biomedical engineer at the Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, it has been performed on about 30 people in the United States, Canada and Europe, including eight soldiers injured in Iraq or Afghanistan.

2009 February 11, Pam Belluck, “In New Procedure, Artificial Arm Listens to Brain”, in New York Times:

(medicine) A physician specializing in physical rehabilitation.


capreomycin

en-noun

capreomycin (countable and uncountable, plural capreomycins)

From Latin capreolus + -mycin (“antibiotic”).

(pharmacology) A cyclic peptide antibiotic obtained from a bacterium Saccharothrix mutabilis capreolus, commonly grouped with the aminoglycosides, given in combination with other antibiotics for tuberculosis.


-micin

Blend of translingual Micromonospora + -mycin.

blend

(pharmacology) Used to form names of aminoglycosides, antibiotics obtained from various Micromonospora.


-mycin

(pharmacology) Used to form names of antibiotics produced by Streptomyces strains.

-micin

antibiotics obtained from Micromonospora


-mycin

From Ancient Greek μύκης (múkēs, “fungus”).

(pharmacology) Used to form names of antibiotics that pertain to fungi


apramycin

en-noun

apramycin (countable and uncountable, plural apramycins)

(pharmacology) An aminoglycoside antibiotic.


netilmicin

netilmicin (countable and uncountable, plural netilmicins)

(pharmacology) An aminoglycoside antibiotic used in the treatment of serious infections, particularly those resistant to gentamicin.


arbekacin

arbekacin (countable and uncountable, plural arbekacins)

(pharmacology) A semisynthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic.


bronchoscopy

The center reported in May that its tests showed that Mr. Speaker had XDR-TB, based on cultures from a lung procedure, a bronchoscopy, at a hospital in Atlanta.

2007 July 4, Lawrence K. Altman, “Traveler’s TB Not as Severe as Officials Thought”, in New York Times:

(medicine) A technique for viewing the bronchi using a flexible instrument called a bronchoscope.


melanocytosis

(medicine) The presence of an excessive number of melanocytes.


mesolimbic

“The mesocortical, mesolimbic, and nigrostriatal dopamine pathways are what the call the reward pathways, all right? They’re the ones that activate when we’re expecting or receiving a reward.”

2020, Yaa Gyasi, Transcendent Kingdom, Viking (2021), page 154:

(neuroanatomy) Relating to the middle part of the limbic system.

mesolímbico

relating to the middle part of the limbic system


mesopallium

(anatomy) The middle part of the pallium


xysma

(medicine) Material resembling bits of membrane in stools of diarrhea.


metyrapone

/mɪˈtʌɪ.ɹə.pəʊn/

From meth- + (dip)yr(idyl) + -a- + (pro)p(an)one.

af

(pharmacology) A compound that inhibits the enzyme 17β-hydroxylase and prevents synthesis of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids by the adrenal gland, used chiefly for assessment of feedback control of the hypothalamic–pituitary axis in adrenal disease, and sometimes in the treatment of Cushing's syndrome and resistant edema; 2-methyl-1,2-di-3-pyridyl-1-propanone, C₅H₄N·CO·C(CH₃)₂·C₅H₄N.


microvascular

“Instead of the capsules, it’s this microvascular network that circulates and delivers the healing agent,” Dr. Sottos said.

2007 June 19, Henry Fountain, “Cockroaches Conditioned to Salivate at a Scent, Not Pavlov’s Dinner Bell”, in New York Times:

(anatomy) Of or pertaining to extremely small blood vessels

microvascolare

of or pertaining to extremely small blood vessels


microsynteny

en-noun

microsynteny (countable and uncountable, plural microsyntenies)

(genetics) A form of synteny involving only a few genes


macrosynteny

(genetics) A form of synteny involving a large number of genes


midazolam

I got the vial of midazolam out of the crash trolley and squeezed the contents into the patientʼs mouth.

2020, Dr Amir Khan, The Doctor Will See You Now, Ebury Press (2021), page 127:

(pharmacology) A sedative of the benzodiazepine class, used (as the hydrochloride) chiefly as a premedication for anesthesia; 8-chloro-6-(2-fluorophenyl)-1-methyl-4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine, C₁₈H₁₃ClFN₃.


misincorporated

en-adj

misincorporated (comparative more misincorporated, superlative most misincorporated)

more misincorporated (comparative)
most misincorporated (superlative)


misincorporation

en-noun

misincorporation (countable and uncountable, plural misincorporations)


pleuntic

en-adj

pleuntic (comparative more pleuntic, superlative most pleuntic)

more pleuntic (comparative)
most pleuntic (superlative)

(anatomy) Of, or pertaining to, the pleural cavity


endosurgery

The continued struggle with stent sales was offset by double-digit growth compared with the year-ago quarter in other business areas, including the company’s three endosurgery businesses[…].

2007 July 21, The Associated Press, “Boston Scientific Reports a Profit”, in New York Times:

(surgery) The field of minimally invasive internal surgery, such as endoscopies


mucoadhesive

mucoadhesive (comparative more mucoadhesive, superlative most mucoadhesive)

more mucoadhesive (comparative)
most mucoadhesive (superlative)

(medicine, especially of a drug) That adheres to a mucous membrane.


mucoadhesive

(medicine) Any drug that adheres to a mucous membrane


multiloop

If multiloops are to be treated as interior loops, then the use of a linear rule as an approximation will penalize larger multiloops more than the logarithmically increasing interior loop energies would.

1989, Michael S. Waterman, Mathematical methods for DNA sequences:

(genetics) A loop with three or more closing pairs.


mutagenized

mutagenized (comparative more mutagenized, superlative most mutagenized)

more mutagenized (comparative)
most mutagenized (superlative)

(genetics) Mutated under the influence of a mutagen.


proximally

en-adv

proximally (comparative more proximally, superlative most proximally)

more proximally (comparative)
most proximally (superlative)

(medicine) In the proximal direction: reverse of distally


premenopausal

The women were 29 to 46 years old at the beginning of the study in 1993, and 93 percent were premenopausal.

2007 April 24, Nicholas Bakalar, “Breast Cancer Not Linked to Abortion, Study Says”, in New York Times:

(medicine) Having not yet undergone menopause


ethambutol

(pharmacology) A synthetic bacteriostatic antimycobacterial drug C₁₀H₂₄N₂O₂ that is a derivative of ethylenediamine, used in the form of its hydrochloride and in combination with other drugs to treat tuberculosis.


antitermination

(genetics) A mechanism that prevents premature termination of DNA transcription.

antiterminação

a mechanism that prevents premature termination of DNA transcription


haematocrit

(British spelling, physiology) Alternative spelling of hematocrit


optic disc

(anatomy) The location where ganglion cell axons exit the eye to form the optic nerve.


bone density

en-noun

bone density (usually uncountable, plural bone densities)

(medicine) A measure of the amount of mineral in bones, used to estimate the risk of osteoporosis or fractures owing to bone loss.


autopodium

(anatomy) The distal part of a limb; a hand or foot


clopidogrel

Probably from chlo(ro)- + p(yr)id(ine) + -o- + -grel (“platelet aggregation inhibitor”).

af

For every 1,000 patients treated with prasugrel instead of clopidogrel, there would be three fewer cardiac-related deaths and 21 fewer nonfatal heart attacks — but there would also be two additional deaths caused by bleeding and three more incidents of serious but nonfatal bleeding, Dr. Unger told the panel.

2009 February 4, Natasha Singer, “F.D.A. Panel Approves Lilly Drug for Clotting”, in New York Times:

coronary artery disease
coronary artery disease

(pharmacology) An oral antiplatelet agent used to inhibit blood clots in coronary artery disease, peripheral vascular disease, and cerebrovascular disease, having the chemical formula C₁₆H₁₆ClNO₂S


sarcoidosis

en-noun

sarcoidosis (countable and uncountable, plural sarcoidoses)

The report, published this month in Chest, a medical journal, showed that 13 firefighters or emergency service workers developed sarcoidosis in the first year after the attack, a rate five times higher than normal.

2007 May 25, Anthony Depalma, “A Death Tied to 9/11 Dust Is Not Cause for Alarm to Others, Experts Say”, in New York Times:

(medicine) A multisystem disorder characterized by granulomas.


catecholaminergic

(medicine) That is activated by, or that secretes catecholamines.

catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia


colliculus

From Latin colliculus, diminutive of collis (“hill”).


contralesional

hemispatial neglect
hemispatial neglect#English

(medicine) Describing the half of a patient's brain or body away from the site of a lesion, as for example with hemispatial neglect after a stroke.


cotransfection

cotransfection (countable and uncountable, plural cotransfections)

(medicine) The simultaneous transfection with two, unrelated nucleic acids, one of which carries a marker gene


internuclear ophthalmoplegia

(medicine) A medical sign indicative of a particular cause of extraocular muscle weakness, in which the affected eye shows impairment of adduction.


ophthalmoparesis

ophthalmoparesis (countable and uncountable, plural ophthalmopareses)

(medicine) A partial or complete paralysis of the extraocular muscles which are responsible for eye movements.


ophthalmoplegia

ophthalmoplegia (countable and uncountable, plural ophthalmoplegias)

(medicine) A complete paralysis of the extraocular muscles which are responsible for eye movements.


nonself

nonself (countable and uncountable, plural nonselfs or nonselves)

In his classic monograph describing the clonal selection theory of the immune response, Burnet (1959) suggested that the immune system distinguishes between self (no antibody response) and nonself (antibody response).

1961, George F. Vande Woude, George Klein, Advances in Cancer Research:

(immunology, uncountable) All agents and substances that are not the body's own.


evoked potential

evoked potential (plural evoked potentials)

(medicine) An electrical potential recorded from a human or animal following presentation of a stimulus, as distinct from spontaneous potentials as detected by electroencephalograms or electromyograms.

evokovaný potenciál

electrical potential recorded following presentation of a stimulus


hemicolectomy

(surgery) A colectomy involving the removal of only the ascending (right) colon or the descending (left) colon.


sigmoidectomy

(surgery) A colectomy in which the sigmoid colon is removed.


proctocolectomy

(surgery) The removal of the rectum and all or part of the colon.


drostanolone

(pharmacology) An anabolic steroid used to lower cholesterol levels and as an antineoplastic agent in the treatment of some cancers.


enhanceosome

(biochemistry, genetics) A protein complex that binds to the enhancer region of a gene


fibromuscular

(anatomy) Of or pertaining to both fibrous and muscular tissue.

fibromuscolare

of or pertaining to both fibrous and muscular tissue


glomerulonephritis

glomerulonephritis (countable and uncountable, plural glomerulonephritides or glomerulonephrites)

glomerulonephritides (plural)
glomerulonephrites (plural)

Meronym: glomerulitis

The recorded causes of kidney disease were as follows: diabetic nephropathy (in 21% of the patients), nephroangiosclerosis and glomerulonephritis (18%), interstitial nephropathy (7%), hypertensive nephropathy (5%), polykystosis (5%) and other recorded diagnoses (hereditary disease, solitary kidney, dysglobulinemia, and systemic disease) (22%).

2015 July 17, “The Addition of Vascular Calcification Scores to Traditional Risk Factors Improves Cardiovascular Risk Assessment in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(medicine) A form of nephritis characterized by inflammation of the glomeruli.


headfold

(anatomy) A ventral fold formed by growth of the embryonic head


hemangioblastoma

hemangioblastoma (plural hemangioblastomas or hemangioblastomata)

hemangioblastomas (plural)
hemangioblastomata (plural)

(oncology) Any of several benign neoplasm tumours of the brain


hypostome

(anatomy) Any of certain mouth appendages of some insects, arachnids, crustaceans, and hydrozoa; in particular:

The ventral mouthpart plate in trilobites;

The barbed attachment structure associated with the mouthparts of parasitic arachnids (e.g. ticks);

The oral tip surrounded by tentacles in hydrozoan cnidarians.

This mode of attachment and support of the hypostome in proparian trilobites is also shown by Öpik's work (1938, and references) and by Whittington (1941b, p. 514-517) and Evitt and Whittington (1953).

1953, H. B. Whittington, W. R. Evitt, Memoir 59: Silicified Middle Ordovician Trilobites, Geological Society of America, page 20:

2012, Georgia E. Lesh-Laurie, Chapter 5. Expression and Maintenance of Organismic Polarity, Allison L. Burnett (editor), Biology of Hydra, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich (Academic Press), pages 160-161,
As a result or these interactions, the presence of a hypostome inhibits the formation of another hypostome nearby. Removal of the hypostome causes the level of inhibition to fall; regeneration of it restores this level (Webster, 1966).

2020, Fatma El-Bawab, Invertebrate Embryology and Reproduction, Elsevier (Academic Press), page 251,
The polyps of the two observed populations of Alatina cf. moseri showed no distinct differences. […] The body of the polyp is divided into three parts: the hypostome, the calyx and a stalk region. The latter includes a basal disc and a tiny periderm beaker enveloping the pedal region. The hypostome of polyps of both populations was four-lipped (Fig. 5.33F and G), balloon-shaped and ~14%–15% of the total body length (TBL). It was not completely contractible into the body.

2022, Alan Gunn, Sarah J. Pitt, Parasitology: An Integrated Approach, 2nd edition, Wiley, page 191,
Figure 7.4 Argas persicus […] (b) Hypostome of larval stage. The toothed hypostome is easily visible in the larval stage.


chordoma

chordoma (plural chordomas or chordomata)

The tumors, known as chordomas, eat bone and tissue and have done irreparable damage to her spine. Ms. Haigh, who has a 3-year-old daughter, cannot work while she is undergoing treatment.

2009 February 16, Cara Buckley, “Turning the Male Perm Into a Very Good Hair Day”, in New York Times:

(pathology) A slow-growing, malignant tumor arising from remnants of the notochord.


megaprimer

(genetics) A mutagenesis technique that uses three oligonucleotide primers to perform two rounds of polymerase chain reaction


mesopodial

en-adj

mesopodial (comparative more mesopodial, superlative most mesopodial)

more mesopodial (comparative)
most mesopodial (superlative)

(anatomy) Of or pertaining to the mesopodialia (the bones of the carpus and tarsus)


mesopodialia

(anatomy) The bones of the carpus and tarsus.


midgestation

(medicine) The middle period of gestation


mitogenomics

(genetics) The study of the complete genome of the mitochondrion of an organism


mosaicity

en-noun

mosaicity (countable and uncountable, plural mosaicities)

(medicine) The presence of mosaic vessels in a tumour.


neoangiogenesis

neoangiogenesis (countable and uncountable, plural neoangiogeneses)

(medicine) The formation of blood vessels in tumor tissue.


neoepitope

(immunology) A new epitope, or an epitope on a neoantigen


neostriatum

(anatomy) That part of the corpus striatum that is more recently developed


corpus striatum

corpus striatum (plural corpora striata)

(neuroanatomy) The striated mass of white and grey matter in front of the thalamus on each side of the brain


neuraxis

/ˈnjʊəɹˌæksɪs/

central nervous system
central nervous system#English

(anatomy, medicine, usually) Synonym of central nervous system.

The picture revealed by spinal tap was one of an acute polyneuritis, but a polyneuritis of a most exceptional type: not like Guillian–Barré syndrome, with its overwhelming motor involvement, but a purely (or almost purely) sensory neuritis, affecting the sensory roots of spinal and cranial nerves throughout the neuraxis.

1984, Oliver Sacks, “The Disembodied Lady”, chapter 3 in The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat (Reset 2007), page 51

(anatomy, embryology, medicine, sometimes) A subset of the central nervous system: i.e., the spinal cord, rhombencephalon, mesencephalon and diencephalon.


nonobese

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors reverse type 1 diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice .

2008 December 14, Alexei V. Korennykh et al., “The unfolded protein response signals through high-order assembly of Ire1”, in Nature, volume 457, number 7230, →DOI, pages 687–693:

(medicine) Not obese; free of symptoms of obesity


thiopental

/ˌθʌɪ.əʊˈpɛn.təl/

(pharmacology) A barbiturate C₁₁H₁₈N₂O₂S (trademark Pentothal) used in the form of its sodium salt especially as an intravenous anesthetic; and as a supposed truth serum.


hyperglycemic

(pharmacology) A drug used to treat hyperglycemia.


vaccinia

vaccinia (countable and uncountable, plural vaccinias)

On the other hand, Professor Heim inquired minutely into all the circumstances of the case, and says he is convinced of the variolation of the cow, and of the transmission from her of a disease similar to vaccinia.

1842 May 17, Robert Ceely, “Identity of Small-Pox and Cow-Pock”, in Provincial Medical Journal:


neurocranium

(anatomy) The part of the skull that encloses the brain.

neurocrani

anatomy: the part of the skull that encloses the brain


neurovirulence

(medicine) virulent disease of the nervous system, especially that caused by a neurovirulent virus


nonresponder

(medicine) A person who does not show an immune response to a virus after being vaccinated against it


nucleofection

nucleofection (countable and uncountable, plural nucleofections)

(genetics) A technique for the transfection of nucleic acids into cells.


oncostatin

(medicine) Any of a group of pleitropic cytokines.


pleitropic

en-adj

pleitropic (comparative more pleitropic, superlative most pleitropic)

more pleitropic (comparative)
most pleitropic (superlative)

(genetics) Describing a gene that has multiple, often unrelated effects


otoconium

A Latinised adaptation (taking the form of a Latin second-declension neuter noun in the nominative case, as if from a Latin *ōtoconium) of the French otoconie (whence otocony, otokony), itself formed from the Ancient Greek οὖς, ὠτ- (oûs, ōt-, “ot-; ear”) + κονία (konía, “dust”).


lymphodema

She recently developed lymphodema, the painful swelling and water retention that can happen in the arm where lymph nodes were removed.

2007 May 22, Leslie Berger, “Cancer Care Seeks to Take Patients Beyond Survival”, in New York Times:

(pathology) A condition of fluid retention caused by a compromised lymphatic system.


supranuclear palsy

en-noun

supranuclear palsy (countable and uncountable, plural supranuclear palsies)

(pathology, neurology) A rare degenerative disease involving the gradual deterioration and death of selected areas of the brain.


supranuclear

(anatomy) Above the level of the motor neurons


efavirenz

/ɛˈfæv.ɪˌɹɛnz/

/ˌɛf.əˈvaɪˌɹɛnz/

Probably from ef (“fluorine”) + -a- + -vir- (“antiviral”) + (b)enz(oxazinone).

af

In generic form, it costs one-eighth as much as efavirenz, the most closely related drug.

2007 January 11, Donald G. Mcneil Jr., “AIDS Drug to Protect Fetus Is Safe for Infected Mothers, Study Finds”, in New York Times:

(pharmacology) A nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor C₁₄H₉ClF₃NO₂ that is administered orally with other antiretroviral agents in the treatment of type-1 HIV infection.


diclofenac

From the systematic name 2-(2-(2,6-dichlorophenylamino)phenyl)acetic acid.

A study by Merck of its pain reliever Arcoxia showed similar risks of heart attacks and other cardiovascular problems compared with another painkiller, diclofenac, federal reviewers said in an analysis made public Tuesday.

2007 April 11, Reuters, “Merck Reports Risk of Its New Pain Pill”, in New York Times:

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) A painkiller having the chemical formula C₁₄H₁₁Cl₂NO₂


hyperextend

en-verb

hyperextend (third-person singular simple present hyperextends, present participle hyperextending, simple past and past participle hyperextended)

hyperextends (present singular third-person)
hyperextending (participle present)
hyperextended (participle past)
hyperextended (past)

DELGADO OUT OF LINEUP The day after hyperextending his left knee as he tried to catch a foul ball, Carlos Delgado was held out of the starting lineup.

2007 August 17, Ben Shpigel, “Castillo Pulls for Polanco to Continue His Streak”, in The New York Times:

The mix of ballet vocabulary, modern techniques and African steps is familiar, but the extent to which Mr. Rhoden packs — and overpacks — phrases, cultivates warp-speed delivery and hyperextends every possible hip jut and arabesque is, thank goodness, something special to Complexions.

2007 November 23, Claudia La Rocco, “Ballet and African Steps, Delivered at Warp Speed”, in The New York Times:

Every time you push off and hyperextend the toe, which happens when doing something as simple as taking a step or more strenuous like cutting and jumping, the MTP joint is involved.

2022 June 20, Virginia Zakas, “The 5 injuries that can derail a fantasy season — and what they mean for your team”, in The New York Times:

(medicine, transitive) To extend a joint beyond its normal position in a way that stresses the ligaments, often causing injury

過伸展する

to bend beyond typical limit of extension


isocortex

(anatomy) The major part of the cerebral cortex


pargyline

en-noun

pargyline (countable and uncountable, plural pargylines)

(pharmacology) the monoamine oxidase inhibitor N-benzyl-N-methyl-prop-2-yn-1-amine.


paromomycin

Blend of Ancient Greek παρόμοιος (parómoios, “closely resembling”) + neomycin.

blend

(pharmacology) A mixture of broad-spectrum aminoglycoside antibiotics related to neomycin and produced by some strains of the bacterium Streptomyces rimosus, given orally in the form of the sulfate C₂₃H₄₅N₅O₁₄·H₂SO₄ in the treatment of intestinal amebiasis.


pentachrome

en-noun

pentachrome (countable and uncountable, plural pentachromes)

(cytology) A complex staining procedure that stains various parts of cells different colours.


frontotemporal

/ˌfɹʌntəʊˈtɛmpəɹəl/

(anatomy) Of or pertaining to the frontal and temporal bones or lobes


pericentric

en-adj

pericentric (comparative more pericentric, superlative most pericentric)

more pericentric (comparative)
most pericentric (superlative)

(genetics) Of or pertaining to the centromere of a chromosome


splenium

Borrowed from Latin splēnium (“plaster, patch”), from Ancient Greek σπληνῐ́ον (splēnĭ́on, “pad or compress of linen”).

der

(anatomy, neurology) The thick posterior part of the corpus callosum of the brain.


erythema migrans

(pathology) The rash often seen in the early stage of Lyme disease.

erythema migrans

rash typical to early stage of Lyme disease


subarachnoid

After an internal examination he found that "the cause of death was craniocerebral injury with subarachnoid hemorrhage […]."

1988 May 19, Jack Clark, “Touch of Death”, in Chicago Reader, volume 17, number 31:

(anatomy, relational) Located or occurring below the arachnoid mater, often specifically between the arachnoid membrane and the pia mater.


Bell's palsy

Named after Scottish surgeon Charles Bell (1774–1842), who first described the connection of the facial nerve to the condition.

A Bell's palsy is a facial paralysis that affects one side of the face only, generally caused by a viral infection.

2020, Dr Amir Khan, The Doctor Will See You Now, Ebury Press (2021), page 15:

(pathology) A paralysis of cranial nerve VII (the facial nerve) resulting in inability to control facial muscles on the affected side.

貝爾氏麻痺 /贝尔氏麻痹

paralysis of cranial nerve VII, the facial nerve


heart block

(pathology) A disease in the electrical system of the heart, opposed to coronary artery disease, which is disease of the blood vessels of the heart.


-e-

The final vowel of hamster, as the initial vowel would be a homonym of -a- from rat.

(pharmacology) a monoclonal antibody derived from a hamster source

-mab is the base suffix common to all monoclonal antibodies


presyncope

Coordinate term: syncope

(medicine) Lightheadedness, muscular weakness, and feeling faint, although not reaching the extent of fainting (passing out).


cefuroxime

From cef- (“cefalosporanic acid derivative”) + fur(yl) + oxime.

af

(pharmacology) A second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic.


azitromycin

(pharmacology) An azalide antibiotic derived from erythromycin.


double-stranded

(genetics) That have two helical strands of nucleic acid that wind around each other and are connected by hydrogen bonds.


pancuronium

From p(iperidine) + an(drostane) + -curonium (“neuromuscular blocking agent”).

Pancuronium bromide has been used frequently for muscle relaxation during cardiac anesthesia and has been reported to provide superior hemodynamics compared with vecuronium (171) or with metocurine or metocurine-pancuronium combinations.

2001, Michael P. Eaton, Peter L. Bailey, “Chapter 10: Cardiovascular Pharmacology of Anesthetics”, in Fawzy G. Estafanous, Paul G. Barash, J. G. Reves, editors, Cardiac Anesthesia: Principles and Clinical Practice, 2nd edition, page 305:

The second chemical is pancuronium bromide, a relative of curare.

2007 March 2, Adam Liptak, “Florida Panel Urges Steps for Painless Executions”, in New York Times:

The only long-acting relaxant that is still used in some institutions is pancuronium.

2009, Charles J. Coté, Jerrold Lerma, Robert M. Ward, Ralph A. Lugo, Nishan Goudzougian, “Chapter 6: Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacology of Drugs Used in Children”, in Charles J. Coté, Jerrold Lerman, I. David Todres, editors, A Practice of Anesthesia for Infants and Children, page 131:

(pharmacology) A synthetic steroid which is used as a neuromuscular blocking agent.


overdiagnosis

en-noun

overdiagnosis (countable and uncountable, plural overdiagnoses)

While failing to make a diagnosis can result in lawsuits, there are no corresponding penalties for overdiagnosis.

2007 January 2, H. Gilbert Welch, Lisa Schwartz, Steven Woloshin, “What’s Making Us Sick Is an Epidemic of Diagnoses”, in New York Times:

Specifically, the broader diagnostic criteria typically results in the overdiagnosis of autism, particularly among those more severely disabled.

2007, Stephen E. Brock, Shane R. Jimerson, Robin L. Hansen, Identifying, Assessing, and Treating Autism at School, page 29:

Overdiagnosis refers to diagnosis that does not benefit patients because the diagnosed condition is not a harmful disease in those individuals.

2016 August, Wendy A. Rogers, Yishai Mintzker, “Getting clearer on overdiagnosis”, in Journal of evaluation in clinical practice:

(medicine) To diagnose something too frequently, or based on insufficient evidence, or without benefit to the patient.


neurofibril

(anatomy) Any of a group of microscopic fibrils through the body of a neuron that extend into the axon and dendrites

néaraifibril

anatomy:any of a group of microscopic fibrils through the body of a neuron


neurosyphilis

The progression of syphilis to neurosyphilis usually takes 30 to 40 years, but in a "coinfected person" it can occur in six to nine months.

1988 December 4, John Dooley, “CDC Releases New Recommendations For Syphilis, HIV”, in Gay Community News, volume 16, number 21, page 2:

Even more recently, The Times Literary Supplement, sifting through Hardy’s ashes, ran a story suggesting that his first wife may have suffered from quaternary neurosyphilis — contracted from him.

2007 March 18, Brenda Wineapple, “Wessex Man”, in New York Times:

(pathology) A syphilis infection affecting the nervous system.


ovariotomy

ovariotomy (countable and uncountable, plural ovariotomies)

For example, researchers’ own statements reveal that the experimental development of gynecologic surgeries like Caesarian section, vesicovaginal fistula repair and ovariotomy were perfected almost exclusively using enslaved black women.

2007 March 18, “‘Medical Apartheid’”, in New York Times:

(surgery) A surgical removal of an ovary.


amoebiasis

classical compound
international scientific vocabulary

From international scientific vocabulary, reflecting New Latin combining forms: amoeb- + -iasis.

(biology, medicine, uncountable) Disease associated with the presence of amoebas.

(biology, medicine, countable) Any of various such diseases; most especially:

(medicine) An infectious disease caused by the parasitic protozoan Entamoeba histolytica; amoebic dysentery.


lamivudine

From [Term?] + -vudine (“zidovudine derivative”).

af

(pharmacology) A nucleoside analog reverse-transcriptase inhibitor, 2′,3′-dideoxy-3′-thiacytidine (C₈H₁₁N₃O₃S) that is taken orally in the treatment of HIV and chronic hepatitis B.


phosphoimaging

(medicine) The use of photostimulated luminescence to make a form of X-ray image


sestamibi

(medicine) A derivative of radioactive technetium used in nuclear imaging


pial

(anatomy) Of or pertaining to the pia or pia mater.


cheilitis

en-noun

cheilitis (usually uncountable, plural cheilitides)


choledochojejunostomy

(medicine) The surgical formation of an opening between the common bile duct and the jejunum


acephalic

(medicine, of a headache, dated) Characterized by a migraine aura without pain.


clenbuterol

From (di)chl(oroph)en(yl) + -buterol (“phenethylamine derivative”).

af

(pharmacology) The decongestant and bronchodilator 1-(4-amino-3,5-dichlorophenyl)-2-(tert-butylamino)ethanol.


synaptophysin

(genetics) A human gene that encodes a synaptic vesicle glycoprotein.


sudation

en-noun

sudation (usually uncountable, plural sudations)


cribriform plate

cribriform plate (plural cribriform plates)

(anatomy) In the human skull, a sieve-like region of the ethmoid bone (which separates the nasal cavity from the brain).


platybasia

(medicine) A developmental condition characterized by an upward bulge in the base of the posterior cranial fossa.


polycistronic

en-adj

polycistronic (comparative more polycistronic, superlative most polycistronic)

more polycistronic (comparative)
most polycistronic (superlative)

(genetics, of mRNA) Encoding multiple different polypeptides.


polyploidization

en-noun

polyploidization (countable and uncountable, plural polyploidizations)

(genetics) hybridization that leads to polyploidy


allopurinol

allopurinol (countable and uncountable, plural allopurinols)

(pharmacology) A synthetic drug which inhibits uric acid formation, used to treat gout and related conditions.


felodipine

(pharmacology) A calcium antagonist used to control hypertension.


propofol

propofol (countable and uncountable, plural propofols)

From contraction of (diiso)prop(yl)ph(en)ol + -o-.

The more likely scenario, the medical examiner testified, was that Dr. Murray had mistakenly administered a much larger dose of propofol than he realized, one that was lethal to his patient.

2012, Randall Sullivan, Untouchable: The Strange Life and Tragic Death of Michael Jackson, Grove/Atlantic, Inc., →ISBN:

(pharmacology) A sedating and hypnotic agent C₁₂H₁₈O administered intravenously to induce and maintain anesthesia or sedation.


ezetimibe

Probably from ezet- (“alteration of azetidine”) + -imibe (“acyl CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase inhibitor”).

af

(pharmacology) An antihyperlipidemic medication used to lower cholesterol levels by decreasing cholesterol absorption in the intestine.


simvastatin

en-noun

simvastatin (countable and uncountable, plural simvastatins)

Probably from sim- (“alteration of synthetic”) + -vastatin (“HMG CoA reductase inhibitor”).

af

The last compound, gemfibrozil is the sole antilipidemic compound found (up to 3 ng/L) in a USA survey of 18 DWTPs whereas atorvastatin, simvastatin and their metabolites, the other studied compounds, were absent (Benotti et al., 2009). In our study, the two statins identified at the intake of the DWTP were eliminated by dioxychlorination (>99%) whereas bezafibrate, clofibric acid and gemfibrozil were only moderately removed with percentages of 37%, 68% and 11%, respectively although it has been reported that gemfibrozil and clofibric acid are readily oxidized with chlorine dioxide in spiked drinking water whereas bezafibrate remains unchanged (Huber et al., 2005a).

2011 June 7, Ma Rosa Boleda, Ma Teresa Galceran, Francesc Ventura, “Behavior of pharmaceuticals and drugs of abuse in a drinking water treatment plant (DWTP) using combined conventional and ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis (UF/RO) treatments”, in Environmental Pollution, volume 159, number 6, →DOI, pages 1584-1591:

(pharmacology) A semisynthetic drug C₂₅H₃₈O₅ that decreases the level of cholesterol in the bloodstream and is derived from a compound produced by a mold (Aspergillus terreus).


celecoxib

en-noun

celecoxib (usually uncountable, plural celecoxibs)

From cele- (“alteration of selective”) + -coxib (“cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor”).

af

non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug

rheumatoid arthritis
rheumatoid arthritis

(pharmacology) A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (trademark Celebrex) used in the treatment of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, acute pain, painful menstruation and menstrual symptoms, and to reduce numbers of colon and rectum polyps in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis.


pregabalin

(pharmacology) An anticonvulsant drug used for neuropathic pain and as an adjunct therapy for seizures.


posteromedial

(anatomy) In the back and near the midline


trazodone

(pharmacology) An antidepressant drug C₁₉H₂₂ClN₅O administered in the form of its hydrochloride.


danazol

From dan- (“alteration of androgenic”) + (isox)azol(e).

(pharmacology) A derivative of the synthetic steroid ethisterone that inhibits the release of gonadotropins by the pituitary gland, formerly used to treat endometriosis.


abasic

From abasia + -ic (“having the nature of”).

(medicine) Of, pertaining to or caused by abasia.


abasic

(genetics, biochemistry) Missing a nucleotide base


phrenesis

en-noun

phrenesis (countable and uncountable, plural phreneses)

From Latin phrenesis, from Ancient Greek *φρένησις (*phrénēsis), a later equivalent of φρενῖτις (phrenîtis, “inflammation of the brain”). Doublet of frenzy.


phrenitis

phrenitis (countable and uncountable, plural phrenitides)

/fɹəˈnʌɪtɪs/

[fɹəˈnaɪɾəs]

From Latin phrenītis, from Ancient Greek φρενῖτις (phrenîtis), from φρήν (phrḗn, “mind”).

Phrenitis, which the Greeks derive from the word φρήν, is a disease of the mind, with a continual madness or dotage […].

(historical, medicine) Madness, especially as caused by inflammation of the brain; encephalitis, encephalomeningitis, or meningitis.


endocervicitis

(medicine) inflammation of the mucous membrane of the uterine cervix


oxytocia

(medicine) An unusually rapid childbirth.


aspiny

en-adj

aspiny (comparative more aspiny, superlative most aspiny)

more aspiny (comparative)
most aspiny (superlative)

(anatomy) Lacking spines (“sharp protrusions”)


venular

Arteriolar and venular patterning in retinas of mice selectively expressing VEGF isoforms .

2009 February 26, Akiko Mammoto et al., “A mechanosensitive transcriptional mechanism that controls angiogenesis”, in Nature, volume 457, number 7233, →DOI, pages 1103–1108:


buccolingual

/ˌbʌkoʊˈlɪŋɡwəl/

(anatomy) Of or pertaining to the cheek and the tongue.

(dentistry) Relating to buccal (inner cheek) and lingual (tongue) surfaces, as:

(dentistry) In a location on the buccal and lingual aspect (of a tooth or its socket).

(dentistry) In a direction with buccal and lingual vectors.


FAE

Coordinate term: FAS (“fetal alcohol syndrome”)

fetal alcohol effects
w:fetal alcohol effects

(medicine, dated) Initialism of fetal alcohol effects.


xiphisternum

en-noun

xiphisternum (plural xiphisterna or xiphisternums)

xiphisterna (plural)
xiphisternums (plural)

Ancient Greek ξίφος (xíphos, “sword”) + English -i- (in place of the etymologically consistent -o-) + English sternum

Hence the spaces between the forks of the hyposternum and between the hypo- and xiphisternums are relatively much smaller, and the external process of the hyposternum is twice as broad as in the common Cock.

1866, W. K. Parker, “On the Osteology of Gallinaceous Birds and Tinamous”, in Transactions of the Zoological Society of London, Volume 5, Zoological Society of London, page 165:

1887, "Skeleton", entry in The Encyclopædia Britannica, Volume 22, 9th Edition, page 113,
The xiphisternum may assume various forms, but attains its maximum development in Birds, where it forms the part of the sternum posterior to the attachment of the ribs, and may consist of a median and four lateral processes, as in the Fowl. It bears the greater part of the keel.

Unfixed cartilage was studied. It was isolated from the xiphisterna of female Sprague-Dawley rats (150-200 g body weight) killed by cervical fracture. The xiphisternum was removed immediately at its point of attachment to the sternal column.

1968, The Histochemical Journal, Volume 2, page 425:

Again, the distance between the umbilicus and the xiphisternum is divided into three equal parts, corresponding to 28, 32, and 36 weeks. At 36 weeks, the fundus is at the level of the xiphisternum.

2015, Lakshmi Seshadri, Gita Arjun, Essentials of Obstetrics, Wolters Kluwer, page 107:

(biology, anatomy, medicine) Synonym of xiphoid process.


GRID

The cause of the disorder is unknown. Researchers call it A.I.D., for acquired immunodeficiency disease, or GRID, for gay-related immunodeficiency. It has been reported in 20 states and seven countries.

1982 May 11, Lawrence K. Altman, “New Homosexual Disorder Worries Health Officials”, in The New York Times:

gay-related immunodeficiency
gay-related immunodeficiency#English

(pathology, dated) Acronym of gay-related immunodeficiency (“AIDS”).


medical isotope

medical isotope (plural medical isotopes)

(medicine) a radioisotope used in medicine


gamma knife

(medicine) A machine that produces and focuses beams of gamma rays at a specific location in the body, used to burn up diseased tissues.


prasugrel

For every 1,000 patients treated with prasugrel instead of clopidogrel, there would be three fewer cardiac-related deaths and 21 fewer nonfatal heart attacks […].

2009 February 4, Natasha Singer, “F.D.A. Panel Approves Lilly Drug for Clotting”, in New York Times:

(pharmacology) A specific thienopyridine platelet clogging inhibitor having the chemical formula C₂₀H₂₀FNO₃S.


cephalothin

(medicine) A semisynthetic antibiotic related to cephalosporin


chromophobe

We have made diagnoses of medulloblastomas, astrocytomas, glioblastomatous or sarcomatous tumors, periadventitial and meningeal sarcomatoses, meningiomas, and a chromophobe adenoma.

2013, Klaus Joachim Zülch, Brain Tumors: Their Biology and Pathology, page 53:

(cytology) Any cell that is resistant to staining


clavulanic acid

From translingual Streptomyces clavuligerus + -ane + -ic and acid.

af

Streptomyces clavuligerus
Streptomyces clavuligerus#Translingual

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) A beta-lactam compound C₈H₉NO₅ produced by the bacterium Streptomyces clavuligerus that is a beta-lactamase inhibitor and is usually used in the form of its clavulanate salt of potassium especially in combination with amoxicillin.


cotranscription

en-noun

cotranscription (countable and uncountable, plural cotranscriptions)

(genetics) The simultaneous transcription of two or more genes.


gabazine

(medicine) A drug that acts as an antagonist at GABA receptors


gastrovascular

(anatomy) That has both a digestive and a circulatory function

béledényrendszer

with a digestive and a circulatory function


haplodeficient

(genetics) Describing a gene that is mutant or absent in one diploid copy.


imipenem

imipenem (usually uncountable, plural imipenems)

(medicine) A broad-spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic.


immunopositive

(immunology) That generates a positive response to a test for a specific antigen or antibody


lemniscal

(anatomy) Describing a sensory pathway that conducts impulses of touch etc to the cortex


chytrid

From Ancient Greek χυτρίδιον (khutrídion, “little pot”), from χύτρα (khútra, “earthen pot, pipkin”).

uder

(pathology) Abbreviation of chytridiomycosis.


protectant

The active ingredient in both products is dimethicone, a skin protectant also found in less-expensive drugstore creams.

2009 February 26, Jennifer A. Kingson, “Singling Out Eczema Sufferers”, in New York Times:

(chiefly medicine) Something which gives protection.


meropenem

en-noun

meropenem (usually uncountable, plural meropenems)

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) A broad-spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic used to treat meningitis and pneumonia


neuronophagia

(pathology) The destruction of nerve cells by phagocytes.


olivanic acid

(medicine) Any of a group of beta-lactam antibiotics originally obtained from Streptomyces bacteria


oncocytoma

oncocytoma (plural oncocytomas or oncocytomata)

oncocytomas (plural)
oncocytomata (plural)

(medicine) A benign tumour composed of oncocytes.


suspensory ligament

suspensory ligament (plural suspensory ligaments)

Kavanagh said a scan yesterday detected a small tear in Maldivian's near side suspensory ligament.

2009 February 20, Tim Habel, “Theseo rules market”, in Herald Sun, archived from the original on 2009-02-21:

(anatomy) A ligament or similar tissue suspending a bodily organ.


suspensory

[…] Rubijon, also on the comeback trail after a flexor tendon and suspensory injury.

2009 January 20, Adrian Dunn, “El of a love affair continues”, in Herald Sun, archived from the original on 2009-01-20:

Something that suspends.
(anatomy) The suspensory ligament.

Something that suspends.
The suspensory ligament.

Something that suspends.
(medicine) A kind of bandage.

Something that suspends.
A kind of bandage.


CCE

MS [musculoskeletal]/Ext [extremities] ¶ Upper extremities: normal by inspection, no CCE, normal ROM [range of motion]. ¶ Lower extremities: no CCE, normal ROM [range of motion]. Right calf tender with mild swelling. No obvious compartment syndrome.

2009, James D. Coyley, Patrick J. Fahey, “Deep Vein Thrombosis”, in Terry L. Schinghammer, Julia M. Koehler, editors, Pharmacotherapy Casebook: A Patient-Focused Approach, 7th edition, McGraw Hill, →DOI, →ISBN, page 59:

(medicine, chiefly in the negative) Acronym of clubbing, cyanosis, or edema, used to describe the hands and feet of patients.


paralemniscal

(anatomy) Describing a sensory pathway, parallel to the lemniscal pathway, that conducts impulses of touch etc to the region of the cortex.


complication

complication (countable and uncountable, plural complications)

Borrowed from Middle French complication, from Latin complicatio, complicationem.
Morphologically complicate + -ion

(medicine) A disease or diseases, or adventitious circumstances or conditions, coexistent with and modifying a primary disease, but not necessarily connected with it.


PMDD

premenstrual dysphoric disorder
premenstrual dysphoric disorder#English

(pathology) Initialism of premenstrual dysphoric disorder.


postzygapophyseal

(anatomy) Relating to the postzygapophysis


potentiator

(medicine) A drug that enhances the response to another.


pretectum

(neuroanatomy) A region of neurons between the thalamus and the midbrain.


prezygapophyseal

(anatomy) Situated in front of the zygapophyseal joint.


cancellus

Unadapted borrowing from Latin cancellus (“little crab”). Doublet of chancel.

ubor

(anatomy) One of the interlacing osseous plates constituting the elastic porous tissue of certain parts of the bones, especially in their articular extremities.


primiparous

From New Latin prīmiparus, from prīmus (“first”) + pariō (“to give birth”).

[The linea nigra] may generally be regarded, especially in a primiparous female, as a certain sign of pregnancy[…]

1857, Pierre Cazeaux, translated by Wm. R. Bullock, A Theoretical and practical treatise on midwifery, Lindsay and Blakiston, page 128:

(obstetrics) Pregnant or giving birth for the first time.

Seashore et al. (1973) found that in comparison to multiparous women, primiparous women separated from their premature babies undergo greater loss of self-confidence, an effect that apparently can be reversed if primiparous women have had prior experience caring for infants.

1990, Carl M. Corter, Alison S. Fleming, “Maternal Responsiveness in Humans: Emotional, Cognitive, and Biological Factors”, in Advances in the Study of Behavior, volume 19, page 102:


phenelzine

She had a history of depression and was taking phenelzine, an antidepressant.

2009 March 3, Barron H. Lerner, “A Life-Changing Case for Doctors in Training”, in New York Times:

(pharmacology) A synthetic compound used as a monoamine oxidase inhibitor.


procognitive

en-adj

procognitive (comparative more procognitive, superlative most procognitive)

more procognitive (comparative)
most procognitive (superlative)

(medicine) Describing a drug that reduces mental confusion, disorientation or delirium


probenecid

en-noun

probenecid (countable and uncountable, plural probenecids)

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) A synthetic sulfur-containing compound which promotes increased excretion of uric acid and is used to treat gout.


bronchiectasis

bronchiectasis (countable and uncountable, plural bronchiectases)

(medicine) Abnormal permanent dilation of the bronchial tubes.

bronquièctasi

abnormal permanent dilatation of the bronchial tubes


multidose

State health officials said yesterday they hoped to get the C.D.C.s support in seeking the elimination of such multidose vials.

2007 November 16, Paul Vitello, “Patients Were Not Told of Misuse of Syringes”, in New York Times:

(pharmacology) Containing multiple doses


alprazolam

From al(pha) + p(henyl) + (t)r(i)azol(o) + -(azep)am.

af

Also in Mr. Ledger’s system were three anti-anxiety medications: diazepam, the generic name for Valium; alprazolam, commonly known as Xanax; and temazepam[…].

2008 February 7, James Barron, “Medical Examiner Rules Ledger’s Death Accidental”, in New York Times:

(pharmacology) A drug (trademark Xanax) of the benzodiazepine group (8-chloro-1-methyl-6-phenyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine), used in the treatment of anxiety.


anticoagulation

The patient was given anticoagulation treatment.

It was unlikely […], but if he had torn his aorta, anticoagulation could cause the patient to bleed to death.

2008 February 24, Lisa Sanders, M.D., “Patient Is a Virtue”, in New York Times:

(medicine) Treatment to prevent coagulation of blood.

anticoagulació

treatment to prevent coagulation of blood


pronephros

en-noun

pronephros (plural pronephroi or pronephroses)

pronephroi (plural)
pronephroses (plural)

(anatomy) A primitive kidney in the lamprey and similar animals, and in other vertebrate embryos


proteinopathy

proteinopathy (countable and uncountable, plural proteinopathies)

(medicine) Any disease (especially a neurodegenerative disease) caused by a malformed protein.


proteotoxicity

proteotoxicity (countable and uncountable, plural proteotoxicities)

(pathology) Any impairment of cell function caused by misfolding of a protein.


prothrombotic

en-adj

prothrombotic (comparative more prothrombotic, superlative most prothrombotic)

more prothrombotic (comparative)
most prothrombotic (superlative)

(medicine) Describing any agent or condition that leads to thrombosis


proximodistal

Anatomical terms of location#Proximal and distal (general case)

(anatomy) Running from the center of the body out towards the distal ends of appendages.

(anatomy) Running from the center of a local structure out towards the distal ends of that structure.


maraviroc

From [Term?] + -viroc (“chemokine CC motif receptor 5 antagonist”).

af

In two Phase 3 studies […] more than 40 percent of patients who received maraviroc had undetectable levels of virus after 24 weeks of a 48-week study.

2007 February 28, Lawrence K. Altman, “2 New Drugs Offer Options in H.I.V. Fight”, in New York Times:

(pharmacology) A specific drug used in the treatment of HIV to inhibit viral entry into cells.


nevirapine

From [Term?] + -vir- (“antiviral”) + -apine (“alteration of diazepine”).

reverse transcriptase
reverse transcriptase

(pharmacology) An antiretroviral drug C₁₅H₁₄N₄O structurally related to the benzodiazepines that inhibits reverse transcriptase and is administered orally in combination with at least one other antiretroviral to treat HIV-1 infection.


lacrimal gland

(anatomy, ophthalmology) Either of a pair of almond-shaped glands, one for each eye, that secrete the aqueous layer of the tear film.


eosinophilic

en-adj

eosinophilic (comparative more eosinophilic, superlative most eosinophilic)

more eosinophilic (comparative)
most eosinophilic (superlative)

(cytology) That is readily stained with eosin.

(medicine) Of, pertaining to an eosinophil or to eosinophilia.


backcrossing

en-noun

backcrossing (countable and uncountable, plural backcrossings)

(genetics) The crossing of a hybrid with one of its parents or an individual genetically similar to its parent.


codominant

A and B are ‘co-dominant’ versions of the same gene, O being the ‘recessive’ form of it.

1999, Matt Ridley, Genome, Harper Perennial, published 2004, page 137:

(genetics) Describing two or more alleles that are equally dominant.


congression

congression (countable and uncountable, plural congressions)

/kənˈɡɹɛʃən/

(genetics) The movement of chromosomes to the spindle equator during mitosis


cosegregating

(genetics) Describing closely linked genes that are inherited together.


subtherapeutic

[…] they require that the pigs be humanely raised and free of subtherapeutic antibiotics. “

2009 February 1, Christine Muhlke, “Aging Gracefully”, in New York Times:

(medicine) Administered at levels lower than would be used in actual treatment of a disease


generich

en-adj

generich (comparative more generich, superlative most generich)

more generich (comparative)
most generich (superlative)

(genetics) Having a higher than normal concentration of genes


entopic

From Ancient Greek en-, ento- ("within") + topos ("place").

(medicine) in the usual place, referring to medical or anatomical objects.


allocrine

allocrine (comparative more allocrine, superlative most allocrine)

more allocrine (comparative)
most allocrine (superlative)

From Ancient Greek ἄλλος (állos) + κρίνω (krínō, “separate”). First attested in the late 20th century.

(physiology) Relating to or denoting foreign hormones being taken up and eliciting a response in an organism (for example, hormones in breast milk.)


cryoprobe

(surgery) An instrument used to apply extreme cold to a tissue as part of cryosurgery.


cytoprotectant

(medicine) Any medication that combats ulcers by increasing mucosal protection


dutasteride

From [Term?] + -steride (“testosterone reductase inhibitor”).

af

benign prostatic hyperplasia
benign prostatic hyperplasia

(pharmacology) A synthetic drug C₂₇H₃₀F₆N₂O₂ that inhibits 5-alpha-reductase to convert testosterone into dihydrotestosterone and is used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia.


entoptic

When small opaque particles exist in the transparent media, they may cast their shadow on the retina so as to give rise to images which are projected outwards by the mind into space, and thus appear to exist outside of the body. Such phenomena are termed entoptic.

1911, 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, Vision:

Entoptic [corrected] phenomena in pregeniculate and postgeniculate hemianopsia with splitting of macula by perimetry [the original article ((15 March 1990), volume 109, number 3, page 375) misspelled the word as entopic]

1990 November 15, R. S. Manor, “Erratum: Entoptic [corrected] Phenomena in Pregeniculate and Postgeniculate Hemianopsia with Splitting of Macula by Perimetry”, in American Journal of Ophthalmology, volume 108, number 5, →PMID, article title, page 585:

(medicine) Of or relating to visual phenomena caused by objects within the eye, or the objects themselves.


animal spirits

From Middle English spirite animal; equivalent to animal (adjective) + spirits.

This is likewiſe evident in ſuch as walke in the night in their ſleep, and doe ſtrange feats: theſe vapours moue the Phantaſie, the Phantaſie the Appetite, which mouing the animall''' ſpirits, cauſeth the body to walke vp and downe, as if they were awake.

1621, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], “Of the force of Imagination”, in The Anatomy of Melancholy, […], Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] John Lichfield and Iames Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC, partition 1, section 2, member 3, subsection 2, page 123:

His Brains will be found situated at the Head of the Os Pubis: His Animal Spirits acting more vigorously in that Part, than in the Upper Region.

1723, Charles Walker, Memoirs of Sally Salisbury, section VI:

you have all, I dare say, heard of the animal spirits, as how they are transfused from father to son &c. &c.—and a great deal to that purpose:– Well, you may take my word, that nine parts in ten of a man's sense of his nonsense, his successes and miscarriages in this world depend upon their motions and activity [...].

1759, Lawrence Sterne, The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman, Folio Society, published 2005, page 19:

(medicine, now historical) The theorized ‘spirits’ or physiological principles which allowed for sensation and voluntary movement.


schizoaffective

(psychiatry) Combining the symptoms of schizophrenia with those of bipolar disorder.

schizoaffectief

combining symptoms of schizophrenia with those of bipolar disorder


fenofibrate

en-noun

fenofibrate (countable and uncountable, plural fenofibrates)

From pheno- + -fibrate (“clofibrate derivative”).

af

(pharmacology) A lipid-regulating drug C₂₀H₂₁ClO₄ that is administered orally to reduce levels of LDL, triglyceride, and apolipoprotein B and increase levels of HDL and is used chiefly to treat hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia. It is metabolized in the liver to form pharmacologically-active fenofibric acid, and is marketed under the trademarks Antara, Fenoglide, Lipofen, Lofibra, TriCor, and Triglide.


hippocampocortical

(anatomy) Relating to, or connecting, the hippocampus and the cortex.


hyperendemic

en-adj

hyperendemic (comparative more hyperendemic, superlative most hyperendemic)

more hyperendemic (comparative)
most hyperendemic (superlative)

(medicine) That has a high and continued incidence in an area


MDR-TB

(pathology) Initialism of multiple drug resistant tuberculosis.


XDR-TB

(pathology) Initialism of extensively drug resistant tuberculosis.


miliary

miliary (comparative more miliary, superlative most miliary)

more miliary (comparative)
most miliary (superlative)

a miliary eruption

a miliary fever

(medicine) Having small lesions that are the shape and size of millet seeds.


hypolipidemic

hypolipidemic (comparative more hypolipidemic, superlative most hypolipidemic)

more hypolipidemic (comparative)
most hypolipidemic (superlative)

(pharmacology) That reduces the concentration of lipid in blood serum

ipolipemizzante

that reduces the concentration of lipid in blood serum


hypolipidemic

(pharmacology) Any drug that reduces the concentration of lipid in blood serum


immunoregulation

en-noun

immunoregulation (countable and uncountable, plural immunoregulations)

(immunology) The control of immune responses between lymphocytes and macrophages


overmedication

overmedication (countable and uncountable, plural overmedications)

This can result from dehydration, abnormal heart rhythms, overmedication with blood pressure drugs and disorders of the autonomic nervous system.

2008 January 15, Jane E. Brody, “A Stable Life, Despite Persistent Dizziness”, in New York Times:

(medicine) Excessive medicating; overuse of medication


codominance

(genetics) A condition in which both alleles of a gene pair in a heterozygote are fully expressed, with neither one being dominant or recessive to the other.


platensimycin

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) A natural antibiotic occurring in strains of Streptomyces platensis.


postsynapse

(anatomy) The cell to which a synapse sends a signal


sporicidal

en-adj

sporicidal (comparative more sporicidal, superlative most sporicidal)

more sporicidal (comparative)
most sporicidal (superlative)

(pharmacology, medicine) Referring to a sporicide or the activity of a sporicide.


erythroblastosis

en-noun

erythroblastosis (countable and uncountable, plural erythroblastoses)

(pathology) A medical condition in which erythroblasts are abnormally found in the blood


erythroblast

(cytology) A cell in the bone marrow from which red blood cells develop


recapitulationism

(embryology) The doctrine that during embryonic development various structures develop that appeared during the evolutionary history of the species.


pyaemia

pyaemia (countable and uncountable, plural pyaemias)

From Ancient Greek πύον (púon, “pus”) + αἷμα (haîma, “blood”).

(pathology) A type of septicemia caused usually by the presence of Staphylococcus bacteria in the bloodstream; characterised by metastatic abscesses and other symptoms associated with septicemia.


coloboma

coloboma (plural colobomas or colobomata)

From Ancient Greek κολόβωμα (kolóbōma, “the part taken away from mutilation”).

derived

(medicine) An abnormal hole present from birth in one of the structures of the eye, such as the lens, eyelid, or retina.