immunoenzymatic

The further identification of anti-proteinase (PR) 3 and anti-myeloperoxidase (MPO) antibodies was performed by the immunoenzymatic assays (ELISA anti-PR3 and ELISA anti-MPO; Euroimmun, Lubeck, Germany).

2015 November 6, “Unfavorably Altered Fibrin Clot Properties in Patients with Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss Syndrome): Association with Thrombin Generation and Eosinophilia”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(immunology) That uses enzymes in an immunological assay


immunoprofile

en-verb

immunoprofile (third-person singular simple present immunoprofiles, present participle immunoprofiling, simple past and past participle immunoprofiled)

immunoprofiles (present singular third-person)
immunoprofiling (participle present)
immunoprofiled (participle past)
immunoprofiled (past)


premammillary

Leptin, a hormone secreted by adipocytes, not only directly stimulates the release of gonadotropin from the anterior pituitary gland, but it also stimulates the hypothalamic ventral premammillary neurons to release glutamate, which activates GnRH neurons [16 ].

2015 November 6, “A Significant Increase in the Incidence of Central Precocious Puberty among Korean Girls from 2004 to 2010”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(anatomy) In front of the mammillary body


superrepressor

For this end, we crossed IKK MyHC animals with animals expressing a mutated form of IκBα -(IκBα (S32A, S36A, Y42F) ), which is impervious to phosphorylation-induced degradation and thus acts as a superrepressor of NF-κB signaling[11 ].

2015 November 6, “Cardiac-Specific Activation of IKK2 Leads to Defects in Heart Development and Embryonic Lethality”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(genetics) A particularly effective repressor


hair loss

(medicine, dermatology) Loss of hair from the head or body due to a medical condition.


apicocardiac

Protected specimen brush (PSB) samples were collected from the segmental bronchus serving the right apical (RA) lobe, the first ventral diaphragmatic (RVD1) segment of the right caudal diaphragmatic lobe, and the left cardiac (LC) segment of the apicocardiac lobe (Fig 1 ).

2015 November 7, “Lung Microbiota Changes Associated with Chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa Lung Infection and the Impact of Intravenous Colistimethate Sodium”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(anatomy) Located at the apex of the heart


bihippocampal

In the anterior-posterior commissure orientation, bilateral ROIs were drawn in the caudate nucleus (caput), anterior and posterior part of the putamen, thalamus (each drawn in three consecutive planes), and midbrain; and in the bihippocampal orientation, in the superior and middle temporal gyrus (as well as in their isolated leading parts), inferior temporal gyrus, temporal pole (in three consecutive planes), inferior parietal lobule (in two planes), parahippocampal gyrus and hippocampus.

2015 November 7, “Reduced D2/D3 Receptor Binding of Extrastriatal and Striatal Regions in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(anatomy) relating to both hippocampi of the brain


flavobacteriosis

A common disease affecting Rainbow Trout in freshwater is flavobacteriosis (Flavobacterium psychrophilum) with characteristic skin ulcers and erosions as reported here (R. Avendaño, comm. pers. 2015).

2015 November 7, “Temporal Genetic Variance and Propagule-Driven Genetic Structure Characterize Naturalized Rainbow Trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) from a Patagonian Lake Impacted by Trout Farming”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(pathology) Any disease associated with the presence of flavobacteria


glycodeoxycholate

From glycodeoxycholic acid + -ate (“salt or ester”).

af

The untargeted metabolomics assessment measured other bile acids in serum, including glycocholate, glycodeoxycholate, and ursodeoxycholate, but none of these were significantly associated with AF risk after correction for multiple comparisons.

2015 November 7, “Metabolomics and Incidence of Atrial Fibrillation in African Americans: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

glycodeoxycholic acid
glycodeoxycholic acid#English

(biology, medicine) The conjugate base, or any salt or ester, of glycodeoxycholic acid.

glycodeoxycholic acid

coordinate as an acid versus a base, but synonymous in the practical sense that the conjugate base and conjugate acid coexist in solution


hemomediastinum

Massive hemorrhage, pneumomediastinum, pneumothorax requiring drainage, cardiac tamponade, and hemomediastinum have all been reported as TBNA complications[30 ].

2015 November 7, “Endobronchial Ultrasound Changed the World of Lung Cancer Patients: A^([sic]) 11-Year Institutional Experience”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(pathology) The presence of blood in the mediastinum


(physics, medicine) The radioactive isotope of iodine, ¹²⁵₅₃I, having a half-life of 59 days; used as a radiation therapy.


radiculoplexopathy

(pathology) neuropathy of the radiculoplexus


radiculoplexus

(anatomy) A complex of nerves in the lumbosacral root


vastus externus

The bullet didn't go deep—one muscle, vastus externus, was grazed.

1994, Constance Garnet, transl., edited by Elizabeth Cheresh Allen, Fathers and Sons, translation of Отцы и дети (Ottsy i dety) by Ivan Turgenev, published 1862, →ISBN, page 165:

(anatomy) The vastus lateralis muscle; the largest and most powerful part of the quadriceps femoris, a group of thigh muscles.


vastus lateralis

en-noun

vastus lateralis (plural vastus laterales)

(anatomy) The largest and most powerful part of the quadriceps femoris, a group of thigh muscles. Situated on the outside of the front of the thigh.


quadriceps femoris

quadriceps femoris (plural quadriceps femores)

(anatomy) A group of four thigh muscles, including the rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, and vastus medialis muscles.


nonanucleotide

(genetics) A codon containing nine nucleotides.


octanucleotide

(genetics) A codon containing eight nucleotides.


decanucleotide

(genetics) A codon containing ten nucleotides.


keroid

keroid (countable and uncountable, plural keroids)

From Ancient Greek κέρας (kéras, “horn”) + -oid.

The keroid formation at the burn site could be avoided after the prompt first aid and the appropriate treatment including application of HFB-jelly.

1992, Archives of Complex Environmental Studies:

Read in Japanese by a woman, the entries provide a series of testimonies of the atomic bomb: student factory workers dying, bodies covered with keroid; children sent off by train to safer locations while their parents died; a daughter who never returned from a hiking trip to eat the peach her mother saved for her.

2006, Heike Raphael-Hernandez, Shannon Steen, AfroAsian Encounters: Culture, History, Politics, →ISBN, page 288:

After all, in their loving, neither Yuichi nor Yoko seeks any worldly gain: Yuichi is a recovering mental patient and Yasuko is a victim of radiation suffering from her disabling keroid, now darkly hidden in her buttocks.

2015, Matthew Edwards, The Atomic Bomb in Japanese Cinema: Critical Essays, →ISBN, page 136:

(medicine) A thick overgrowth of tissue on severe burns.

Analogous situations include the formation of keroids after surgery and atherosclerotic plaques after vascular injury.

2004, Salim Daya, Robert Frederick Harrison, Roger D. Kempers, Advances in Fertility and Reproductive Medicine, page 188:

There are also women who grow keroid in the incised parts as it happens when body organs are bruised. "but this is also cruelity, humiliation and infringement of basic human rights as it affects woman's full enjoyment of sex for her entire life.

2008, Civil Society Focus - Issue 1, page 26:


keroid

The effect of histamine on growth of cultured fibroblasts isolated from normal and keroid tissue.

1992, Digestion - Volumes 51-53, page 167:

Tranilast has also been reported to inhibit the synthesis of collagen by fibroblasts from keroid and hypertrophic scar as well as normal scar.

2000, T Oshima, D Kurosaka, K Kato, H Kurosaka, Y Mashima, Y Tanaka, S Tajima, “Tranilast inhibits cell proliferation and collagen synthesis by rabbit corneal and Tenon's capsule fibroblasts”, in Current Eye Research, volume 20, number 4:

Histopathology examination—a nest of nonkeratinising stratified squamous epithelium; no keroid layer; basally connective tissue.

2014, B Jurkiewicz, T Ząbkowski, “Nonkeratinised Squamous Metaplasia of the Urinary Bladder in Children: A Report of Case Experiences”, in BioMed research international, volume 2014, number 936970:


breathhold

The spatial resolution and signal-to-noise in coronary MRA can be further improved by either switching to nonbreathhold techniques (thus eliminating some of the time constraints needed for breathhold techniques) or by using better coil designs[.]

2006, Andre J. Duerinckx, Coronary Magnetic Resonance Angiography, →ISBN, page 44:

(uncommon, especially medicine) The act of holding breath.

Acquisition times can be long and prevent imaging within the time span of a single breathhold.

2012, Mark Creager, Joseph Loscalzo, Joshua A. Beckman, Vascular Medicine: A Companion to Braunwald's Heart Disease, →ISBN:

(uncommon, especially medicine) An instance of holding breath.


breathhold

en-verb

breathhold (third-person singular simple present breathholds, present participle breathholding, simple past and past participle breathheld)

breathholds (present singular third-person)
breathholding (participle present)
breathheld (participle past)
breathheld (past)

If the patient was in a condition to breathold, this was done; however, due to the general condition of many of the patients studied, this was not always attempted.

1995, Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England:

(uncommon, medicine) To hold one's breath.


crossectomy

great saphenous vein
great saphenous vein

(surgery) A procedure that ligates the great saphenous vein at its termination into the femoral vein.


chimpanzoid

en-adj

chimpanzoid (comparative more chimpanzoid, superlative most chimpanzoid)

more chimpanzoid (comparative)
most chimpanzoid (superlative)

a chimpanzoid nasal bone

(anatomy) Resembling (that of) a chimpanzee.


orangoid

orangoid (comparative more orangoid, superlative most orangoid)

more orangoid (comparative)
most orangoid (superlative)

(anatomy) Resembling (that of) an orangutan.


gorilloid

gorilloid (comparative more gorilloid, superlative most gorilloid)

more gorilloid (comparative)
most gorilloid (superlative)

(anatomy) Resembling (that of) a gorilla.


echinocytosis

It is likely that the echinocytosis is the cause of the hemolytic anaemia as well [68 ].

2015 November 11, “Diminution of Oxidative Damage to Human Erythrocytes and Lymphocytes by Creatine: Possible Role of Creatine in Blood”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(pathology) The presence of echinocytes in the blood


tuberculous dactylitis

(pathology) A skeletal manifestation of tuberculosis.


immunocytokine

Combining these techniques for enhancing NK cell activity with optimized immunocytokine regimen and ldbFUS induction would be a step towards successful multimodal immunotherapy.

2015 November 11, “Low Dose Focused Ultrasound Induces Enhanced Tumor Accumulation of Natural Killer Cells”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(medicine) The fusion of an antibody and a cytokine used in cancer therapy


osteochondrogenesis

Osteochondrogenic markers such as BMP-2 and osteocalcin (Fig 2, BMP-2 and osteocalcin stain) could not be detected, indicating that osteochondrogenesis is not key in the early stage of calcification or atherogenesis.

2015 November 11, “Intra-Section Analysis of Human Coronary Arteries Reveals a Potential Role for Micro-Calcifications in Macrophage Recruitment in the Early Stage of Atherosclerosis”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(pathology) The genesis of osteochondrosis


precoronal

For EVD placement in surgical environment, the catheter is introduced through a precoronal burr hole into the ventricle.

2015 November 11, “From the Skin to the Brain: Pathophysiology of Colonization and Infection of External Ventricular Drain, a Prospective Observational Study”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(anatomy) In the front of the coronal plane


proctosurgical

HCV can be transmitted sexually, such as through anal mucosal lesions caused by sexual practices such as fisting or through ulcerative STIs such as syphilis; through sharing paraphernalia for nasal and intravenous use of recreational drugs, such as heroin, cocaine, methamphetamines, and ketamine; or by proctosurgical interventions, e.g., in the treatment of condylomata [50 –55 ].

2015 November 11, “High Prevalence and High Incidence of Coinfection with Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, and Syphilis and Low Rate of Effective Vaccination against Hepatitis B in HIV-Positive Men Who Have Sex with Men with Known Date of HIV Seroconversion in Germany”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


proctosurgery

(surgery) Surgery of the colon, rectum or anus.


kinemometer

He suggested that the Lawson kinemometer, a quantitative device for testing the Achilles' tendon jerks, might be a useful method for surveying families for hypothyroidism.

Typical reflexes of hypothyroid and hyperthyroid children are described; the kinemometer proved useful in diagnosis and treatment of thyroid disorders.

1964, Rehabilitation Literature - Volumes 25-26, page 216:

The development and a practical application of an electromagnetic device (kinemometer) for measuring the reflex speed of the Achilles' reflex also has merit in diagnosing thyroid dysfunction (24) .

1966, Charles J. Collins, Management of Amenorrhea, page 145:

Measurement of the ankle reflex time by means of a kinemometer has been shown to be a useful aid in the clinical diagnosis of hypothyroidism.

1970, British Journal of Preventive and Social Medicine - Volume 24, page 16:

(medicine) An electromagnetic device, similar to the velocity ballistocardiograph, for measuring contraction and relaxation in a tendon reflex.


transtympanic

Hospital admissions or surgery was chosen as a proxy for a (diagnosed) disease and included long-term hospitalizations and major surgery, but also and especially day-care admissions such as insertion of transtympanic tubes at a middle ear effusion.

2015 November 11, “Why Wait? Early Determinants of School Dropout in Preventive Pediatric Primary Care”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(anatomy) Across or through the tympanum


kineplastic

It is as well to state that in the present development of kineplastic surgery, we can hardly accept such optimism, and if I encourage my patient to a certain extent to believe this, that does not mean that I hold the same enthusiasm, for it must be said in justice to the subject that in reality one is confronted with insoluble biological problems.

1922, Surgery, Gynecology and Obstetrics - Volume 35, page 352:

A kineplastic procedure may be performed upon the muscle in the stump or in other cases upon the muscle in the segment proximal to the stump, as in the biceps motor for a below-elbow amputation or in the pectoralis major motor for above-elbow amputation. The practical application of kineplastic surgery has been limited to the upper extremity.

1971, Frederick Willard Preston, General Surgery: Introduction; General Principles - Volume 3, page 43:

Taking up where Dr. Vanghetti and his kineplastic hand had ultimately failed early in the twentieth century, and borrowing from ideas in play among designers of industrial robots, researchers at IBM and other overseas centers sought to design an arm that was almost human.

2001, Wendy B. Murphy, Spare Parts: From Peg Legs to Gene Splices, →ISBN, page 94:

(medicine) Pertaining to surgery in which amputation flaps are constructed so as to allow voluntary movement and control of a prosthesis by remaining muscles.


kineplastics

As a result of kineplastics, it is possible to utilize those stumps which, up to the present, had always been held as incapable.

1918, JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association:

In Italy, physical therapy has reached a high standard, and especially that branch of orthopedic surgery known as kineplastics.

1919, Military Medicine - Volume 45, page 672:

Skin flaps, muscular insertions, various bone and tendon fragments and segments of limb, which would seem superfluous under ordinary circumstances for the preparation of ordinary stumps, must be recognized to be of the greatest value in view of future kineplastics.

1923, Charles Eucharist de Medicis Sajous, Louis Theo de Medicis Sajous, Analytic cyclopedia of practical medicine - Volume 7, page 827:

(medicine) The branch of surgery that deals with kineplastic amputation, in which the muscles of the stump are arranged to support voluntary control of a specially designed prosthesis.


denucleation

en-noun

denucleation (countable and uncountable, plural denucleations)

(biology, medicine) Deprivation of the nucleus.


IPF

idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis#English

(medicine) Initialism of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.


HSAM

highly superior autobiographical memory#English

(neurology) Initialism of highly superior autobiographical memory; hyperthymesia


common bile duct

common bile duct (plural common bile ducts)

(anatomy) The bile duct downstream of the confluence of the common hepatic duct and the cystic duct. It discharges bile into the duodenum.


heterotherapy

(immunology, dated) vaccination with foreign proteins


coronion

It has been demonstrated that practically every patient under a general anaesthetic has traces of blood below the larynx, while in almost 50 per cent of the cases this strain extends to the coronion.

1924, Texas State Journal of Medicine - Volume 19, page 353:

Common to both subtypes are, to mention this briefly, a low, padded forehead ; rather pronounced coronions ; and a small mouth with curved, fairly fleshy lips.

The jaw of Callithrix, by contrast, shows a less aggressive coronion and a condylar pivot which lies nearer to the occlusal plane, reflecting the marmosets' greater emphasis on exudate-gouging, although not to Cebuella's extreme.

2009, Susan M. Ford, Leila M. Porter, Lesa C. Davis, The Smallest Anthropoids: The Marmoset/Callimico Radiation, →ISBN:

(anatomy) The tip of the coronoid process of the mandible.


microfracture surgery

microfracture surgery (countable and uncountable, plural microfracture surgeries)

(surgery) An articular cartilage repair surgical technique that works by creating tiny fractures in the underlying bone.


kraurosis

I believe, as mentioned by Dr. Tyrone, that in leukoplakic conditions, krauroses and other chronic lesions of the vulva, simple vulvectomy will afford practically 100 per cent prophylaxis against carcinoma.

1953, Transactions of the Southern Surgical Association:

Originally, the concept of kraurosis was established for a disease consisting of sclerosis, atrophy, and flattening of the genital profile, followed by shrinkage and stenosis of the vaginal introitus; later, the same expression of kraurosis was applied to a similar condition of the male genitals.

1976, Günter Waldemar Korting, R. Denk, Differential diagnosis in dermatology, page 216:

The incidence of malignancy in kraurosis or leukoplakic vulvitis recorded in the papers of Berkely and Bonney (in all, 19 cases in 10 years) was not stated but, in every case of carcinoma encountered by the authors (58 in 10 years), leukoplakic vulvitis was present.

2009, Sallie Neill, Fiona Lewis, Ridley's The Vulva, →ISBN, page 115:

(medicine) A condition of the genitals characterized by atrophy and shriveling of the skin or mucous membranes.


helioflagellate

(cytology) A freshwater protozoan of the class Zoomastigophorea.


simian crease

So called because it resembles the usual condition of non-human simians.

(anatomy, pathology) A crease that extends across the palm of the human hand, formed by the fusion of the two palmar creases, found especially in people with Down syndrome.


velo-

From Latin vēlum (“cloth, sail, velum”).

(anatomy) Pertaining to a velum, usually the velum palatinum (soft palate, palatum molle)


eutelic

The limitations of eutelic organisms illustrate the merits of the normal plan of reproduction by cell division.

2014, Jean Brachet, Alfred E. Mirsky, Meiosis and Mitosis: Biochemistry, Physiology, Morphology:

(microbiology, cytology) Characterized by eutely.


provacuole

(cytology) A vesicle in a cell's cytoplasm that develops into a vacuole.


keratorhexis

This area then was flattened out near the sclera. It was not cone-shaped as in keratoconus, but cylindrical. In differential diagnosis Jauernig considered keratoconus, keratectasia and keratorhexis.

1955, Charles I. Thomas, The cornea, page 249:

One patient experienced conjunctivitis-induced keratorhexis after multiple administrations of EMD72000 at DL 3 (1,200 mg), which resolved within 1 week after symptomatic treatment.

2004 October, Udo Vanhoefer, Mitra Tewes, Federico Rojo, Olaf Dirsch, Norbert Schleucher, Oliver Rosen, Joachim Tillner, Andreas Kovar, Ada H. Braun, Tanja Trarbach, Siegfried Seeber, Andreas Harstrick, José Baselga, “Phase I study of the humanized antiepidermal growth factor receptor monoclonal antibody EMD72000 in patients with advanced solid tumors that express the epidermal growth factor receptor”, in Journal of Clinical Oncology:

Treatment-related grade 3-5 adverse events (AEs; cut-off date 11/23/10) included 1 sudden death, unknown etiology, at Day 7 in Arm A (36 mg/kg), neutropenia (n=4, all Arm B), proteinuria (n=3), thrombocytopenia (n=2), hypertension (n=2), and one each of fatigue, keratorhexis, and peripheral edema.

2011 May, C. D. Weekes, P. LoRusso, V. Ramakrishnan, L. M. Shih, W. C. Darbonne, P. Hegde, Y. Xin, R. Yu, H. Xiang, R. K. Brachmann, A. Patnaik, “A phase Ib study for MNRP1685A (anti-NRP1) administered intravenously with bevacizumab with or without paclitaxel to patients with advanced solid tumors”, in Journal of Clinical Oncology, volume 29, number 15:


cinalukast

From [Term?] + -lukast (“leukotriene receptor antagonist”).

af

Using low scores for both R-enantiomer queries, the LBVS counter-screen ruled out exatecan acid, S-flunoxaprofen, gemfibrozil, cinalukast, fexofenadine, and tanomastat.

2015 November 12, “Novel Activities of Select NSAID R-Enantiomers against Rac1 and Cdc42 GTPases”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(pharmacology) The compound (E)-4-[[3-(2-(4-cyclobutyl-2-thiazolyl)ethenyl)phenyl]amino]-2,2-diethyl-4-oxobutanoic acid that is used in the treatment of asthma


Pharm.D.

Abbreviation of Latin pharmaciae + doctor.


extramotor

Nonetheless, the underlying pathology manifests beyond motoneuron degeneration, affecting also widespread extramotor areas.

2015 November 12, “Eye Movement Deficits Are Consistent with a Staging Model of pTDP-43 Pathology in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


lymphochoriomeningitis

This is the target interaction that underlies the broad spectrum activity of NAPs against many enveloped viruses including human immunodeficiency virus, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 and lymphochoriomeningitis virus [7, 10 –13 ].

2015 November 12, “Therapeutic Antiviral Effect of the Nucleic Acid Polymer REP 2055 against Persistent Duck Hepatitis B Virus Infection”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


malperfusion

en-noun

malperfusion (usually uncountable, plural malperfusions)

From mal- + perfusion or mal- + perfuse + -ion.

Although statistically not significant, the TFD tended to be longer in patients with coronary malperfusion and CHF. The TFD was also somewhat longer in groups without any complications, PAO, shock, or consciousness disturbance.

2015 November 12, “Clinical Predictors for Delayed or Inappropriate Initial Diagnosis of Type A Acute Aortic Dissection in the Emergency Room”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(pathology) Any incorrect or unusual form of perfusion (blood flow), usually with reference to reduced perfusion rather than to hyperemia.


paraquadratic

Because the posterior margin of the quadratojugal and the interpreted presence of a paraquadratic foramen are variable within Brachylophosaurus (see Quadrate and Quadratojugal descriptions and comparisons below), this character is not here considered an autapomorphy, and has been excluded from the emended diagnosis.

2015 November 12, “A New Brachylophosaurin Hadrosaur (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) with an Intermediate Nasal Crest from the Campanian Judith River Formation of Northcentral Montana”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(anatomy) Over the quadrate or the quadratojugal


segregation distorter

segregation distorter (plural segregation distorters)

(genetics) A gene that distorts in its own favour the theoretically equal probability of either of two parental alleles being present in the mature gamete.


postquadratic

The postquadratic process in MOR 2919, Acristavus (MOR 1155), and Brachylophosaurus (MOR 1071-7-7-98-86) is more mediolaterally compressed than in Maiasaura or Prosaurolophus.

(anatomy) Behind the quadrate or the quadratojugal


prequadratic

The prequadratic processes of MOR 2919, Acristavus (MOR 1155), and Brachylophosaurus (MOR 1071-7-7-98-86, MOR 1071-7-13-99-87-H) are strongly anteroposteriorly compressed.

(anatomy) In front of the quadrate or the quadratojugal


ventrocranial

A hook-like process along the ventrocranial margin of the centrum resembles a cranially placed and well-developed hypapophysis like that present caudally in the cervicals of the drepanosauromorphs [46 ].

2015 November 12, “A Reappraisal of the Purported Gastric Pellet with Pterosaurian Bones from the Upper Triassic of Italy”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(anatomy) Relating to the front of the cranium


utriculoampullar

(anatomy) Relating to the utricle and ampulla of the ear.


multiperforation

multiperforation (usually uncountable, plural multiperforations)

multiperforation of the ovary

(surgery) The creation of multiple perforations.


placentogenesis

(anatomy) The process of development of a placenta.


cytofilius

(cytology) An irregular cellular process, similar to a microvillus


mediocaudal

The trochanter is a low, thick S-shaped ridge along the mediocaudal edge of the shaft.

2015 November 13, “Hadrosauroid Dinosaurs from the Late Cretaceous of the Sultanate of Oman”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(anatomy) In the middle of a caudal region


minivector

Temperature induced, in vivo expression of Tel protelomerases and their subsequent enzymatic activity, for excision and resolution of covalently closed terminal ends, result in the conversion of parental CCC pDNA into two smaller species: 1) a LCC backbone DNA carrying the unnecessary prokaryotic backbone, and 2) a LCC DNA minivector referred to as DNA ministrings.

2015 November 13, “Physical Characterization of Gemini Surfactant-Based Synthetic Vectors for the Delivery of Linear Covalently Closed (LCC) DNA Ministrings”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


pathomimetic

To image, localize and quantify collagen IV degradation in real-time we used 3D pathomimetic breast cancer models designed to mimic the in vivo microenvironment of breast cancers.

2015 November 13, “Imaging Sites of Inhibition of Proteolysis in Pathomimetic Human Breast Cancer Cultures by Light-Activated Ruthenium Compound”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(pathology) That mimics a pathological condition


heterochiasmy

(genetics) The differential recombination rates between the sexes of a species


deinnervation

deinnervation (usually uncountable, plural deinnervations)


entubulation

entubulation (countable and uncountable, plural entubulations)

(medicine, surgery) A method of nerve damage repair by the creation of artificial nerve conduits.


epineurially

(anatomy) In an epineurial manner; involving the epineurium.


crossbridge

(physiology) A temporary link between myosin and actin filaments during muscle contraction


treppe

(physiology) The gradual increase in muscular contraction following rapidly repeated stimulation.


medialward

en-adj

medialward (comparative more medialward, superlative most medialward)

more medialward (comparative)
most medialward (superlative)

(anatomy) Occurring or situated in a medial direction.


medialwards

medialwards (comparative more medialwards, superlative most medialwards)

more medialwards (comparative)
most medialwards (superlative)


tactition

Although touch, or tactition, is considered one of the five traditional human senses, touch is just one component of the somatosensory system.

2012, I. Scott MacKenzie, Human-Computer Interaction: An Empirical Research Perspective:

(physiology) The sense of touch or pressure.


chronoception

/ˌkɹɒnəʊˈsɛpʃn̩/

From chrono- (prefix meaning ‘time’) + (per)ception.

prefix

For example, modern training methods of track runners include efforts to develop awareness of "tempo," a quality which may be named "chronoception."

1968, Ernst Jokl, The Physiological Basis of Athletic Records, page 78:

While chronoception is typically not listed with the more traditional senses, we should consider including it.

2013, Phillip Vannini, Dennis Waskul, Simon Gottschalk, The Senses in Self, Society, and Culture: A Sociology of the Senses, page 165:

(physiology) The perception or sense of time.


day's residue

Calque of German Tagesreste, coined by Sigmund Freud.

(psychoanalysis) Elements of the events of the preceding day that subsequently occur in a dream.


oligouria

(pathology) A condition in which only a relatively small amount of urine (typically about 400ml per day) is produced


hyperdirect

These results indicate that BV prevents the haloperidol-induced changes in the transfer of cortical information through the indirect trans-striatal pathway, without altering the unaffected transfer through the hyperdirect and direct pathways.

2015 November 17, “Bee Venom Alleviates Motor Deficits and Modulates the Transfer of Cortical Information through the Basal Ganglia in Rat Models of Parkinson’s Disease”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(physiology) Describing the pathway from the cortex to the globus pallidus via the subthalamus and bypassing the striatum


immunoelectrochemiluminescence

From immuno- + electrochemiluminescence.


immunosort

en-verb

immunosort (third-person singular simple present immunosorts, present participle immunosorting, simple past and past participle immunosorted)

immunosorts (present singular third-person)
immunosorting (participle present)
immunosorted (participle past)
immunosorted (past)


hyoidal

(anatomy, zootomy, relational) Synonym of hyoid.


curarization

en-noun

curarization (countable and uncountable, plural curarizations)


patritumab

From -tu- (“tumor”) + -umab (“human monoclonal antibody”).

af

For example, it has been demonstrated that cells overexpressing heregulin are sensitive to a combination of cetuximab and patritumab, an antibody against HER3, even though each antibody on its own is ineffective [18 ].

2015 November 17, “Combined Analysis of Plasma Amphiregulin and Heregulin Predicts Response to Cetuximab in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(pharmacology) A human monoclonal antibody designed for the treatment of cancer


endodomain

More than half of the residue pairs, 44 out of 76, are located in the endodomain of gp41 with 7 pairs coevolving between residues located in the highly immunogenic region, known as the Kennedy epitope.

2015 November 19, “Coevolution Analysis of HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein Complex”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(genetics, biology) An internal, or an end domain of a gene or other structure


femorotibialis

For example, the comparatively reduced femoral trochanter and patella of UNSM 20030 would limit the area available for the attachment of several muscles (i.e., the lateral and medial obturatorius, medial and cranial iliotrochantericus, medial femorotibialis, and medial gastrocnemius) crucial to orienting the hindlimb for the power stroke and providing propulsive force during diving, thus possibly limiting the speed of Fumicollis hoffmani.

2015 November 19, “Identification of a New Hesperornithiform from the Cretaceous Niobrara Chalk and Implications for Ecologic Diversity among Early Diving Birds”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


TE

transposable element
transposable element#English

(genetics) Initialism of transposable element.


monoagent

ONC201 is a stable, orally active, blood brain barrier-penetrable compound that has demonstrated p53-independent anti-cancer activity as a monoagent and a combination in several preclinical models that include glioblastoma, breast cancer, colon cancer, lung cancer, lymphoma, and other tumors [1, 10, 11 ].

2015 November 19, “First-In-Class Small Molecule ONC201 Induces DR5 and Cell Death in Tumor but Not Normal Cells to Provide a Wide Therapeutic Index as an Anti-Cancer Agent”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(medicine) Any chemotherapeutic agent that works alone


obturatorius

For example, the comparatively reduced femoral trochanter and patella of UNSM 20030 would limit the area available for the attachment of several muscles (i.e., the lateral and medial obturatorius, medial and cranial iliotrochantericus, medial femorotibialis, and medial gastrocnemius) crucial to orienting the hindlimb for the power stroke and providing propulsive force during diving [12 ], thus possibly limiting the speed of Fumicollis hoffmani.


antibiotherapy

en-noun

antibiotherapy (countable and uncountable, plural antibiotherapies)

Combination of an active-targeted immunotherapy, such as provided by the multiphasic MVATG18377, with antibiotherapy is an attractive approach that should also be considered in particular as MVA-based immunotherapeutics have already shown encouraging clinical results in oncology and chronic viral infections [17 ].

2015 November 25, “A Novel MVA-Based Multiphasic Vaccine for Prevention or Treatment of Tuberculosis Induces Broad and Multifunctional Cell-Mediated Immunity in Mice and Primates”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(medicine) therapy that uses antibiotics


Cheyne-Stokes

From the names of Scottish physician John Cheyne (1777–1836) and Irish physician William Stokes (1804–1878).

He recognized Cheyne-Stokes tendencies in his respiration—but like everything the symptom served only to turn him in toward his emotion.

1934, F[rancis] Scott Fitzgerald, Tender is the Night: A Romance, New York, N.Y.: Charles Scribner’s Sons, →OCLC; republished as chapter IX, in Malcolm Cowley, editor, Tender is the Night: A Romance … With the Author’s Final Revisions, New York, N.Y.: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1951, →OCLC, book III (Casualties: 1925), page 154:

(medicine, attributively) An abnormal pattern of breathing involving apnea alternating with periods of compensatory hyperventilation and with smooth, gradual transitions between the two, characteristic of those in a coma or suffering cardiac or cerebral episodes.


haplosufficiency

This group of intragenic revertant mutations was also tested for haplosufficiency by crossing homozygous gon-2(q388sup) hermaphrodites with gon-2(q388) males at restrictive temperature and scoring the offspring.

2015 November 26, “Novel Alleles of gon-2, a C . elegans Ortholog of Mammalian TRPM6 and TRPM7, Obtained by Genetic Reversion Screens”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(genetics) The state of being haplosufficient.


tau protein

central nervous system
central nervous system

Parkinson's diseases
Parkinson's disease

(neurology) A protein abundant especially in the neurons of the human central nervous system that stabilizes microtubules, and when misfolded is associated with forms of dementia such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases.


SUI

stress urinary incontinence
stress urinary incontinence#English

(medicine) Initialism of stress urinary incontinence.


carcinocyte

(oncology, pathology, very rare) A single tumor cell.


necrocyte

(anatomy, very rare) A single dead cell, either part of a protective dead cell layer, or a component of an unwanted condition.


staphyle

Via Latin staphylē f from Ancient Greek σταφυλή (staphulḗ).


antitension

The patient is urged to wear antitension tapes for 6 months or even longer if cessation of tape application at that time is followed by any widening of the scar.

1977, Clinics in Plastic Surgery, volume 4, number 2, page 271:


LMP

Because of postconception bleeding or menstrual irregularities, the presumed date of LMP may be in error.

1995, National Center for Health Statistics, “Technical Appendix”, in Vital Statistics of the United States, 1992, volume 1, Washington, DC, published 1996, →ISBN, DHHS Publication No. (PHS) 96-1100, page 9:

menstrual period
menstrual period#English

(obstetrics) Initialism of last menstrual period; used in determining the start of a pregnancy.


hypogyration

All the infants had global hypogyration of the cerebral cortex that was severe (only the Sylvian fissure was obviously present) in 78% of the infants.

2016 April 6, Adriano N. Hazin, Andrea Poretti, Danielle Di Cavalcanti Souza Cruz, Marli Tenorio, Ana van der Linden, Lindomar Jose Pena, Carlos Brito, Laura H. Vega Gil, Demócrito de Barros Miranda-Filho, Ernesto Torres de Azevedo Marques, Celina M. Turchi Martelli, João G. Bezerra Alves, Thierry A. Huisman, “Computed tomographic findings in microcephaly associated with Zika virus”, in The New England Journal of Medicine:

(medicine) Abnormally low numbers of gyri in the cerebral cortex.


cytoadhesion

To investigate if the in silico results are consistent with physiological observations, we studied the cytoadhesion of human parasitized (Plasmodium falciparum) erythrocytes to primary human STB cultures, in flow conditions with different WSS values.

2016 January 28, “Computational Fluid Dynamic Simulations of Maternal Circulation: Wall Shear Stress in the Human Placenta and Its Biological Implications”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


parazygosphenal

(anatomy) In relation to foramina on vertebrae.


dermatillomania

From Ancient Greek δέρμα (dérma, “skin”) + τίλλω (tíllō, “I pull out, pluck”) + μανία (manía, “madness”).

(psychiatry) A mental disorder characterized by the urge to pick at one's own skin.


pritelivir

From [Term?] + [Term?] + -vir (“antiviral”).

(pharmacology) A particular antiherpetic drug.


laninamivir

From [Term?] + -amivir (“neuraminidase inhibitor”).

af

(pharmacology) A neuraminidase inhibitor used to treat influenza.


the dose makes the poison

(toxicology) The damage that a substance causes is determined more by its quantity than by its essence.


gastroduodenoscopy

en-noun

gastroduodenoscopy (countable and uncountable, plural gastroduodenoscopies)

(medicine) percutaneous endoscopy through a gastrostomy examining the stomach and duodenum


lipomelanotic

The term "lipomelanotic reticulosis" was created by Pautrier and Woringer' in 1937, to describe lipomelanotic deposits in enlarged lymph nodes; the condition was associated with certain generalized dermatoses.

1954, Oliver Samuel Ormsby, Hamilton Montgomery, Diseases of the skin, page 525:

Numerous lysosomes were seen in the cytoplasm of alveolar macrophages, usually linked with a lipomelanotic pigment (fig. 87) appearing brown under the light microscope.

1990, Acta Universitatis Carolinae: Medica. Monographia, page 111:

Dermatopathia lymphadenitis is a chronic lipomelanotic hyperplasia of reticulum cells of the pulp of the lymph-nodes.

2014, Alvin F. Gardner, Differential Oral Diagnosis in Systemic Disease, →ISBN, page 112:

(medicine) Pertaining to deposits that include a combination of lipids and melanin.


CBP

(medicine) Initialism of cardiopulmonary bypass.


colonogenic

(medicine, anatomy) Forming the tissues of the colon


hypoadrenocorticism

The current study investigates autoantibodies against steroid synthesis enzymes in dogs with spontaneous hypoadrenocorticism.

2015 December 1, “Autoantibodies against Cytochrome P450 Side-Chain Cleavage Enzyme in Dogs ( Canis lupus familiaris ) Affected with Hypoadrenocorticism (Addison’s Disease)”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(pathology) adrenocortical insufficiency; Addison's disease


monoinfection

Transcriptional profiling of calvarial bone and soft tissue in response to polybacterial infection [8 ] reveals differences in gene expression in bone and soft tissue compared to monoinfection with P.

2015 December 1, “Polymicrobial Oral Infection with Four Periodontal Bacteria Orchestrates a Distinct Inflammatory Response and Atherosclerosis in ApoE null Mice”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(pathology) infection with a single type of microorganism


Pratt's sign

Described in 1949 by American surgeon Gerald H. Pratt (1928–2006).

deep vein thrombosis
deep vein thrombosis

(pathology) An indication of femoral deep vein thrombosis: it is the presence of dilated pretibial veins in the affected leg, which remain dilated on raising the leg.


angular defect

In most instances angular defects have accompanying infrabony pockets; infrabony pockets always have an underlying angular defect.

1986, Fermin A. Carranza, Dorothy A. Perry, Clinical Periodontology for the Dental Hygienist, page 62:

The base of the angular defect is usually located apical to the surrounding bone and most often accompanied by infrabony pockets.[…]Angular defects are classified on the basis of number of walls.

2008, T. Siji Jacob, P. Arunmozhi, Viva Voce in Periodontics, page 74:

Without therapy, the positive predictive rate of an angular defect to forecast more bone loss (22 mm) during a 10-year study was 28%.

2008, Dental Learning Systems, Compendium of Continuing Education in Dentistry, volume 28, numbers 7-11, page 442:

(dentistry, periodontics) The angular displacement of a tooth from vertical.

amount by which the total of the total of the angles around a vertex of a polyhedron is less than 360°


homeotypic

To recapitulate the features of solid tumours in vitro requires cell based assays that simultaneously mimic the extracellular matrix and tumour microenvironment, homeotypic and heterotypic cell-cell contacts, and allow the formation of relevant cell-matrix interactions.

2015 December 3, “Segmentation of Image Data from Complex Organotypic 3D Models of Cancer Tissues with Markov Random Fields”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(genetics) Relating to the second nuclear division in meiosis


magnotrapezoid

The articular facets for the unciform and the magnotrapezoid occupy nearly identical portions of the distal articular surface (Fig 5Q and 5R ).

2015 December 3, “Systematics and Evolution of the Miocene Three-Horned Palaeomerycid Ruminants (Mammalia, Cetartiodactyla)”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(anatomy) The larger of a set of trapezoid bones


pathoprogression

This leads us to speculate that lysosomal impairment due to diminished GCase expression and enzyme activity as shown in AD could also affect cell-to-cell transmission of Aβ aggregates and the pathoprogression of AD.

2015 December 3, “Lysosomal Enzyme Glucocerebrosidase Protects against Aβ 1-42 Oligomer-Induced Neurotoxicity”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(pathology) The progression of a disease


ophthalmomyiasis

(medicine, pathology) Myiasis of the eye.


cytostructure

Liver section of S50 shows better cytostructure with minor inflammation (PI) .

2015 December 4, “Wild Edible Fruit of Prunus nepalensis Ser. (Steud), a Potential Source of Antioxidants, Ameliorates Iron Overload-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Liver Fibrosis in Mice”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(cytology) The structure of cells in a tissue


heteropycnosis

(cytology) The differential coiling and staining of parts of a chromosome


stomach ulcer

(pathology, colloquial) synonym of peptic ulcer


immunogram

(immunology) The graphical result of an immunodiffusion test.


non-24-hour sleep-wake rhythm disorder#English

(pathology) Abbreviation of non-24-hour sleep-wake rhythm disorder.


embryoctony

(medicine, dated) Deliberate destruction of the unborn fetus; abortion.


karyolemma

Photomicrographs revealed that the microvilli were shorter and sparser; the nuclear envelope invaginated and gaps in the karyolemma increased; and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) swelled significantly.

2015 December 5, “Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Heat- and Shake-Induced Injury in the Rat Small Intestine”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


neuroimmunomodulator

Converging evidence has indicated the importance of vitamin D as a neuroimmunomodulator for cognitive function.

2015 December 5, “25-Hydroxyvitamin D 3 Deficiency Independently Predicts Cognitive Impairment in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(immunology) A neurological immunomodulator


hepatoduodenostomy

(surgery) The formation of an opening from the liver into the duodenum.


hepatoenteric

(anatomy) Relating to the liver and the intestine


hippuria

(pathology) The presence of (excessive) hippuric acid in the urine, as sometimes occurs in diabetes mellitus


hysterocatalepsy

(medicine) A form of hysteria accompanied by catalepsy.


hysterocleisis

Eight cases were operated on (including his own) by hysterocleisis, kolpocleisis, or nephrectomy.

1893, The Monthly Cyclopædia of Practical Medicine:

As to the gynecological teaching, there is much that might be criticised, as, for instance, the recommendation of Hegar's perineorrhaphy, the including of hysterocleisis, and colpocleisis and the vaginal fixation of the uterus.

1904, The American Journal of the Medical Sciences, page 725:

Indirect obliteration is very simply obtained by denuding and then suturing the lips of the cervix (hysterocleisis).

1913, Henri Albert Charles Antoine Hartmann, Gynecological operations, page 515:

(medicine, dated, rare) The surgical closure of the uterus by suturing the edges of the os.


autoimmunization

autoimmunization (countable and uncountable, plural autoimmunizations)

By surface analysis, auto- + immune + -ization.

surf

Coordinate term: alloimmunization

Nevertheless, when the extent of sperm autoimmunization was taken into account, it was inversely correlated with the overall fertilization rate.

2009, Walter K.H. Krause, Immune Infertility: The Impact of Immune Reactions on Human Infertility:

(immunology) The process of becoming autoimmune.


neurotony

(medicine, historical) A technique of stretching and cutting a nerve, formerly used to treat neuralgia.


rhinion

Since the skin is thinner at the rhinion, a slight protrusion of the underlying bony cartilaginous framework should be maintained at the rhinion in order to create a straight external dorsal profile.

2009, Fred J. Stucker, Rhinology and Facial Plastic Surgery:

(anatomy) The lower end of the suture between the nasal bones.


retrocecal

The fact that a retrocecal position of the appendix demands special consideration, and may mislead the operator who is not upon his guard, was first noticed, to the best of my knowledge, by C. B. Nancrede, of Ann Arbor, Michigan (Med. News, 1888, vol. 52, p. 570).

1905, Howard Atwood Kelly, The Vermiform Appendix and Its Diseases:


retropharynx

Because they stimulate the retropharynx and promote gagging, oral airways must not be used in alert patients or in those with intact gag reflexes.

2012, John J. Marini, Critical Care Medicine: The Essentials:

(anatomy) The posterior part of the pharynx.


reniculus

Each reniculus is like a small individual kidney with its own cortex, medulla, and calyx, and the duct from each small unit joins with others to form the ureter.

2015, Annalisa Berta, Marine Mammals: Evolutionary Biology:

(anatomy, cetology) One of the lobules of the kidney, especially in whales.


liparocele

The liparocele, which Morgagni calls steatocele, a fatty swelling of the cellular membrane which surrounds the scrotum and testes; and the lipomphalus, a fatty hernia of the umbilicus, are of this kind.

1809, Bartholomew Parr, The London Medical Dictionary:

On the exterior of the serous membranes their figure is generally ovoid, one of their extremities being attached to the membrane, the other to the skin; outside the peritoneum this tumour constitutes the fatty hernia or liparocele.

1830, Pierre Auguste Béclard, Elements of General Anatomy:

For example, on the neck and face of anencephalous monsters, from great flow of blood into the carotis facialis, with diminution or closure of the carotis cerebralis—in the belly—in the spermatic cord (the so called liparocele,)—in the cellular tissue under the skin, (compare below lipomata,)—-near cancerous tumours, &c.

1831, Adolph Wilhelm Otto, A Compendium of Human and Comparative Pathological Anatomy:

(rare, obsolete, medicine) A fatty tumor or cyst.


lipoidemia

It is undoubtedly of greater significance than is the lipoidemia of diabetes.

1922 February 7, Albert A. Epstein, “Further observations on the nature and treatment of chronic nephrosis”, in The American Journal of the Medical Sciences, volume 163, page 175:

(obsolete, medicine) The presence of lipoids in the blood.


loimology

From Ancient Greek λοιμός (loimós) + -ology.

M. Vien, secretary of the college of medicine, published a very complete Loimology.

1802, W. Tooke, The Life of Catharine II, Empress of All the Russias, volume 2:

The loimology of the future had for its object to discover what places and what times were favorable to each epidemic disease and what unfavorable, either continuously or for a time […]

1914, The Year Book of Drug Therapy, volume 8:

Zeiss also elaborated on the connections between the collection of live cultures and his own epidemiological theories, especially his notions of geomedicine and loimology.

2006, Susan Gross Solomon, Doing Medicine Together: Germany and Russia Between the Wars:

(obsolete, rare, medicine) Synonym of epidemiology (“the study of infectious diseases”)


corticotherapy

en-noun

corticotherapy (countable and uncountable, plural corticotherapies)

We systematically reviewed the risks and benefits of adjunctive corticotherapy in the management of patients with CAP. / Methods / We systematically searched Pubmed,^([sic]) Embase and the Cochrane Library for randomized controlled trials comparing adjunctive corticotherapy and antimicrobial therapy with antimicrobial therapy alone in patients with CAP. The primary outcome was 30-day mortality.

2015 December 8, “Adjunctive Corticotherapy for Community Acquired Pneumonia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(medicine) The therapeutic use of corticoids (especially glucocorticoids)


watchful waiting

watchful waiting (usually uncountable, plural watchful waitings)

(medicine) An approach to a medical problem in which time is allowed to pass before medical intervention or therapy is used; during this time, repeated testing may be performed.


endarterial

(anatomy) Within an artery; relating to the intima of an artery.


sex-limited

(biology, genetics) Occurring, or active, in only one sex.


remittence

remittence (countable and uncountable, plural remittences)

(medicine) A temporary abatement, without actual cessation, of symptoms.


rhineurynter

Epistaxis has also been arrested by tamponing the nasal cavity by means of an India-rubber tube, the so-called rhineurynter.

(medicine, archaic) A dilatable bag, inserted into the nostril and inflated to arrest a profuse nosebleed.


retrojection

retrojection (countable and uncountable, plural retrojections)

(medicine) The washing out of a cavity by the backward flow of an injected fluid.


ramex

(medicine, archaic) A hernia, varicocele, or any scrotal tumor.


vomerobasilar

(anatomy) Relating to the vomer bone and the base of the skull.


gastroretentive

A number of gastroretentive mechanisms have been evaluated, including mucoadhesion, floating dosage forms that use low-density matrices or gas generation, swelling matrices, and combinations thereof.

2013, Integrated Pharmaceutics: Applied Preformulation, Product Design, and Regulatory Science:

(medicine) Facilitating retention in the gastrointestinal system for a long period of time.


homeological

In order to extend our knowledge of the homeological relationships between Akodontini and Oryzomyini species, we analyzed the species Akodon montensis (2n = 24) and Thaptomys nigrita (2n = 52) both from the tribe Akodontini, with chromosome probes of Hylaeamys megacephalus (2n = 54) of the tribe Oryzomyini.

2015 December 8, “Clues on Syntenic Relationship among Some Species of Oryzomyini and Akodontini Tribes (Rodentia: Sigmodontinae)”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


immunocheckpoint

Non-antigen-specific immunotherapies such as immunocheckpoint blockades have been shown to be effective in the treatment of advanced melanoma.

2015 December 8, “Investigation of FOXM1 as a Potential New Target for Melanoma”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(immunology, biochemistry) A checkpoint protein on T cells


antibiotin

For negative cell selection, biotin-conjugated monoclonal antibodies and magnetic antibiotin microbeads (Monocyte Isolation Kit II; Miltenyi Biotec, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany) were applied according to manufacturer’s instructions.

2015 December 9, “C/EBPβ-LAP*/LAP Expression Is Mediated by RSK/eIF4B-Dependent Signalling and Boosted by Increased Protein Stability in Models of Monocytic Differentiation”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


cerebroprotection

We developed in situ forming implants (biocompatible biodegradable copolymer) and microparticles (same polymer and solvent emulsified with an external oily phase) of GSNO to lengthen its effects and allow cerebroprotection after a single subcutaneous administration to Wistar rats.

2015 December 9, “In Situ Microparticles Loaded with S -Nitrosoglutathione Protect from Stroke”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(pathology) protection against strokes and similar problems


cerebroprotective

en-adj

cerebroprotective (comparative more cerebroprotective, superlative most cerebroprotective)

more cerebroprotective (comparative)
most cerebroprotective (superlative)

Concerning its impact following stroke, several studies from Khan et al. showed that it had a cerebroprotective effect following ischemia/reperfusion [13, 14 ] when administered intravenously at non hypotensive doses.

(pathology, medicine) Relating to cerebroprotection


enterocutaneous

enterocutaneous fistulas

Fistulas and sinus tracts are hallmarks of Crohn’s disease, affecting approximately 20–40% of patients [7]. The morphology and anatomic sites of fistulas are protean: enteroenteric, enterocolic, colocolic, enterovesical, enterovaginal, enterocutaneous, anorectal, duodenopancreatic, gastrocolic, colobronchial, and enterospinal [48–54].

1996 July, Richard M. Gore, Emil J. Balthazar, Gary G. Ghahremani, Frank H. Miller, “CT Features of Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn’s Disease”, in American Journal of Roentgenology, volume 167, number 1, →DOI, page 9:

Internal fistulas included all fistulas from the bowel to other organs, such as entero-enteric, enterocutaneous, enterovesical, and enterourinary fistulas, except perianal fistulas.

2015 December 9, “Clinical Factors and Disease Course Related to Diagnostic Delay in Korean Crohn’s Disease Patients: Results from the CONNECT Study”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(anatomy) Relating to, or connecting, the bowel and the skin.


postbulbar

Duodenal GISTs mostly originate from postbulbar duodenal segments [21 ], which can be different from duodenal adenocarcinomas as the latter mostly arise from duodenal bulbs and appear as annular lesions at the site of the periampullary [7 ].

2015 December 9, “Small Bowel Stromal Tumors: Different Clinicopathologic and Computed Tomography Features in Various Anatomic Sites”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


monotelic

Because pole-proximal misaligned chromosomes are expected to possess syntelic or monotelic attachments, the inter-kinetochore tension of these sister chromatids would be weakened during formation of the mitotic spindle.

2015 December 10, “A Novel Time-Dependent CENP-E Inhibitor with Potent Antitumor Activity”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(genetics) Connected to the spindle through only one kinetochore


obliquolateral

Posterior to every neural spine is a deep and narrow excavation that is directed anteriorly within the spine, forming a triangular 3D shape with obliquolateral sides (the sides are directed medially).

2015 December 10, “Osteological and Soft-Tissue Evidence for Pneumatization in the Cervical Column of the Ostrich ( Struthio camelus ) and Observations on the Vertebral Columns of Non-Volant, Semi-Volant and Semi-Aquatic Birds”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


obliquotransverse

Note the obliquotransverse muscle (M.


myal

the myal side of the myoneural junction


endolaser

The stray light effect was also minimized because the focal stimuli were delivered to the macula with an endolaser probe without passing through the ocular media which would lead to scattered light (Fig 1 ).

2015 December 11, “Assessment of Macular Function during Vitrectomy: New Approach Using Intraoperative Focal Macular Electroretinograms”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(surgery) endovenous or endovascular laser


endoprobe

The size of the stimulus spot was approximately 1015°, and the size was controlled by the distance between the tip of the endoprobe and the retinal surface.


venflon

The venflon was kept patent with 0.9% saline (AstraZeneca, Aus).

2015 December 11, “Ammonium Chloride Ingestion Attenuates Exercise-Induced mRNA Levels in Human Muscle”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


mediary

Mediary disinfection, that occurring during the course of the disease, is of great value.

1915, New York (N.Y.). Dept. of Health, Reprint Series - Issues 39-63, page 19:

With this disease and probably with every other disease mediary disinfection is very much more important than terminal disinfection.

1916, Wisconsin State Board of Health, Proceedings of the Third Biennial Conference of Health Officers of the State of Wisconsin, page 65:

Concurrent or mediary disinfection is the immediate disinfection of the bodily discharges of the patient or other substances and articles which may have been contaminated by his use of them.

1927, Carl Esselstyn McCombs, City Health Administration, page 133:

(medicine) occurring during the course of a disease.


cisgene

(genetics) Any gene that is transmitted using cisgenesis


glycoepitope

(biochemistry, immunology) A carbohydrate epitope


immunotolerable

immunotolerable (comparative more immunotolerable, superlative most immunotolerable)

more immunotolerable (comparative)
most immunotolerable (superlative)

Many studies have shown that immune cells are involved in HBV infection and that immunosuppressive or immunotolerable responses may differ among HBV genotypes [11 –14 ].

2015 December 15, “The Hepatitis B Virus Genotype Affects the Persistence of Viral Replication in Immunodeficient NOG Mice”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(immunology) Able to tolerate a certain antibody


mitotracker

TMRE was used in our study for mitochondrial staining instead of commonly used mitotracker dyes since we were interested in visualizing only the active mitochondria in the cells.

2015 December 15, “Collagen Promotes Higher Adhesion, Survival and Proliferation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(cytology) Any of a family of commercial fluorescent dyes used to stain mitochondria in living cells


parodontopathy

en-noun

parodontopathy (countable and uncountable, plural parodontopathies)

The following phrases or keywords were used: (virus OR herpesvir* OR EBV OR CMV OR HCMV OR HHV OR HSV OR Epstein-Barr virus OR cytomegalovirus OR herpes simplex virus OR Human herpesvirus) AND (chronic periodontitis OR periodontal disease OR paradontosis OR parodontopathy OR periodontal).

2015 December 15, “Association between Herpesviruses and Chronic Periodontitis: A Meta-Analysis Based on Case-Control Studies”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(pathology) disease of the gums and other supportive tissue of the teeth


granulomatosis infantiseptica

(pathology) Miliary pyogranulomatous lesions on the body as manifestations of neonatal listeriosis.


alloproliferation

As shown in Fig 7C and 7D, TA1 resulted in the dose dependent inhibition of alloproliferation of both human CD4 + and CD8 + PBMC in a MLR. Indeed, relative to etanercept, TA1 demonstrated a significantly improved anti-proliferative effect on cytotoxic CD8 + T cells.

2015 December 17, “Inhibition of Autoimmune Diabetes in NOD Mice by miRNA Therapy”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


allotetraploidization

Alternative scenarios for allotetraploidization involving more than one allopolyploidization event in Xenopus are discussed in Supplementary Information of Bewick et al.

2015 December 17, “Genetics, Morphology, Advertisement Calls, and Historical Records Distinguish Six New Polyploid Species of African Clawed Frog ( Xenopus, Pipidae) from West and Central Africa”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(genetics) allogeneic tetraploidization; modification to become allotetraploid


decaploid

Furthermore, DArT has been applied successfully to species with large genomes such as barley [2 ] and with complex or/and polyploid genomes such as the decaploid sugarcane [3 ], hexaploid wheat and oat [4 ,5 ] or the paleoploid apple [6 ].

2015 December 17, “Diversity Arrays Technology (DArT) Marker Platforms for Diversity Analysis and Linkage Mapping in a Complex Crop, the Octoploid Cultivated Strawberry ( Fragaria × ananassa )”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(genetics) having ten complete sets of chromosomes in a single cell


dodecaploidization

dodecaploidization (usually uncountable, plural dodecaploidizations)

Using this approach, a recent study that included genetic data from four of the new species described here proposed that tetraploidization occurred at least once in subgenus Silurana and once in subgenus Xenopus, octoploidization occurred at least three times in subgenus Xenopus, and that dodecaploidization occurred at least three times in subgenus Xenopus.

(genetics) The process of becoming dodecaploid.


octoploidization

Using this approach, a recent study that included genetic data from four of the new species described here proposed that tetraploidization occurred at least once in subgenus Silurana and once in subgenus Xenopus, octoploidization occurred at least three times in subgenus Xenopus, and that dodecaploidization occurred at least three times in subgenus Xenopus [21 ].

(genetics) Modification to become octoploid


paleoploid

(genetics) Having the ploidy that the organism had in the distant past


nose bridge

(anatomy) The upper, bony part of the human nose, overlying the nasal bones.


nosebridge

(anatomy) Alternative form of nose bridge


sacrocostal

The distal end of the sacrodorsal rib is fused to the sacrocostal yoke.

2015 December 17, “A New Sail-Backed Styracosternan (Dinosauria: Ornithopoda) from the Early Cretaceous of Morella, Spain”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(anatomy) Relating to the sacrum and the ribs


sacrodorsal

Abbreviations: k, ventral keel; ns, neural spine; pre, prezygapophysis; sd, sacrodorsal vertebra; sdr, sacrodorsal rib; sr, sacral ribs; sy, sacral yoke; s5, sacral vertebra 5; tp, transverse process.

(anatomy) Relating to the sacrum and the back


immunoalkaline

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) assays on sections of oviduct tissues were performed by using a polymer-based colorimetric indirect immunoalkaline phosphatase method with a polyclonal rabbit anti-T-cadherin antibody, as previously described [100 ].

2015 December 18, “Role of Epithelial-Mesenchyme Transition in Chlamydia Pathogenesis”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(immunology, pathology) Describing a phosphatase enzyme used in cytology


pericolorectal

The tumor invaded through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal fat tissues.

2015 December 18, “Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase Rearrangement in Digestive Tract Cancer: Implication for Targeted Therapy in Chinese Population”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(anatomy) Surrounding the colon and rectum


subhaplotype

In addition, eight subhaplotypes were combined within three SNPs in TOMM40, and the only subhaplotype G-T-C (rs157581-rs11556505-rs1160985) was significantly susceptible to LOAD risk.

2015 December 18, “Polygenic Analysis of Late-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease from Mainland China”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


immunopotentiating

en-adj

immunopotentiating (comparative more immunopotentiating, superlative most immunopotentiating)

more immunopotentiating (comparative)
most immunopotentiating (superlative)

Matrix-M has pronounced immunopotentiating properties and has been evaluated in combination with a pandemic virosomal influenza vaccine in mice [42 ,43 ] and humans [44 ,45 ].

2015 December 23, “Protection against H5N1 Influenza Virus Induced by Matrix-M Adjuvanted Seasonal Virosomal Vaccine in Mice Requires Both Antibodies and T Cells”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(immunology) That promotes immunopotentiation


metasone

For example, although - methasone is the recommended stem, recently designated INNs have used the stem - metasone (e.g. dexa methasone in 1962, beta methasone in 1965, beclo metasone in 1970 and alclo metasone in 1979).

2015 December 24, “Patient Safety in Medication Nomenclature: Orthographic and Semantic Properties of International Nonproprietary Names”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(medicine) A glucocorticosteroid used topically to reduce inflammation


rethoracotomy

The median length of the surgical procedure was 6.5 hours (IQR: 6.0–8.0 hours) and 19 patients (36%) underwent a rethoracotomy because of rebleeding after transplantation.

2015 December 24, “Pretransplant HRCT Characteristics Are Associated with Worse Outcome of Lung Transplantation for Cystic Fibrosis Patients”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(surgery) A second or subsequent thoracotomy


dermoodontodysplasia

(pathology) A disorder that includes dental problems, trichodysplasia, and nail and skin problems.


folliculodystrophy

(pathology) A disorder of follicle growth.


eurygnathism

(anatomy) The condition of having a wide jaw.


equinism

(medicine, dated) A horse-like gait sometimes resulting from gunshot injury to the legs.


enteroanastomosis

en-noun

enteroanastomosis (countable and uncountable, plural enteroanastomoses)


enterolithiasis

From entero- + lithiasis, or enterolith + -iasis.

(medicine) The presence or formation of intestinal calculi.


T-bandage

(medicine) A strip of roller bandage with another strip attached to its centre at right angles, used to hold a dressing in place.


ormizet

(medicine, dated) An astringent preparation of clay saturated with formic acid.


inferosuperior

Each column was compressed in the inferosuperior direction between two plates at the speed of 1%/min on Instron 3366 10 kN Dual Column Testing Systems (Instron, High Massachusetts, USA).

2015 December 29, “Correlation between Parameters of Calcaneal Quantitative Ultrasound and Hip Structural Analysis in Osteoporotic Fracture Patients”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


ixazomib

In contrast, antitumor activity in xenograft tumors is model-dependent, with some solid tumors showing no response to ixazomib.

2015 December 29, “KRAS Genotype Correlates with Proteasome Inhibitor Ixazomib Activity in Preclinical In Vivo Models of Colon and Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Potential Role of Tumor Metabolism”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(medicine) A proteasome inhibitor that is used in cancer therapy


antihepatic

The compound is a major candidate in clinical studies as an antihepatic fibrosis drug [6 ].

2015 December 30, “Effectiveness of Losartan-Loaded Hyaluronic Acid (HA) Micelles for the Reduction of Advanced Hepatic Fibrosis in C3H/HeN Mice Model”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(medicine) That counters any disease of the liver


maldescent

With the male infant it is, no doubt, attributable either to a maldescent of the testes, to phymosis, or to a partial atresia of the urethra.

1892 August 13, Thomas H. Manley, “Herniæ, operative and non-operatrive”, in Journal of the American Medical Association, volume 19, page 183:

The significance of a gliding testes, he suggests, is that these represent the best candidates for hormonal treatment of maldescent.

1989, Thomas O. Abney, The Cryptorchid Testis, page 10:

Atresia of the ductal system, particularly of epididymis and vas deferens is a common association of testicular maldescent.

2013, Kamini Rao, Principles & Practice of Assisted Reproductive Technology:

(medicine) The incomplete descent of the testicles.


tapotage

(medicine, dated) Coughing and expectoration following percussion in the supraclavicular region: a sign sometimes obtained in pulmonary tuberculosis.


secretolytic

en-adj

secretolytic (comparative more secretolytic, superlative most secretolytic)

more secretolytic (comparative)
most secretolytic (superlative)

Benserazide is commercially provided in an oral combination tablet with Levodopa for treatment for Parkinson’s disease, and has been approved and widely utilized in this combination for more than 40 years[40 ] Three other inducers which were not pursued in animal models included: Ambroxol, a drug with secretolytic and secretomotoric actions that restores respiratory physiological clearance mechanisms in bronchopulmonary diseases, which is used as an inhalant.

2015 December 30, “Novel Inducers of Fetal Globin Identified through High Throughput Screening (HTS) Are Active In Vivo in Anemic Baboons and Transgenic Mice”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(medicine) That breaks up secretions (especially phlegm)


drop attack

(medicine) A person's unexpected fall to the ground, without loss of consciousness, associated with neurological dysfunction.


cacotrophy

(medicine, obsolete) Disordered or defective nutrition.


cystalgia

en-noun

cystalgia (countable and uncountable, plural cystalgias)


hodophobic

en-adj

hodophobic (comparative more hodophobic, superlative most hodophobic)

more hodophobic (comparative)
most hodophobic (superlative)

From hodo- (prefix meaning ‘path, road; travel’) + -phobic (suffix forming adjectives indicating an aversion or dislike, or a fear of a specific thing). Hodo- is derived from Ancient Greek ὁδός (hodós, “path, road, way; journey”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sed- (“to sit”); while -phobic is from -phobia (from Late Latin -phobia, from Koine Greek -φοβία (-phobía), ultimately from Ancient Greek φόβος (phóbos, “alarm, fear, terror”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰegʷ- (“to flee, run”)) + -ic (suffix forming adjectives meaning ‘of or pertaining to’ from nouns).
Sense 1 (“of the dendrites of neurons: tending not to form branches”) was possibly coined by Enrique Ramón-Moliner and Walle Nauta in a 1966 article: see the quotation.

der

The majority of the territories usually included in the brain stem reticular formation exhibit the characteristic of "hodophilic" dendrites, in contrast to, for example, the inferior olive and pontine nuclei in which the dendrites are rarely found to extend into fiber bundles and could thus be described as "hodophobic."

1966 March, E[nrique] Ramón-Moliner, W[alle] J[etze] H[arinx] Nauta, “The Isodendritic Core of the Brain Stem”, in The Journal of Comparative Neurology, volume 126, number 3, New York, N.Y.: Wiley-Liss, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC, →PMID, page 315, column 2; reprinted in Neuroanatomy: Selected Papers of Walle J. H. Nauta (Contemporary Neuroscientists: Selected Papers of Leaders in Brain Research), Boston, Mass., Basel: Birkhäuser, 1993, →DOI, →ISBN, part III (General Organization of the Central Nervous System), page 242, column 2:

The dendrites of the pontine neurons are not as "hodophobic" as those of the inferior olivary nucleus.

1968, E[nrique] Ramón-Moliner, “The Morphology of Dendrites”, in Geoffrey H[oward] Bourne, editor, The Structure and Function of Nervous Tissue, volume I (Structure I), New York, N.Y., London: Academic Press, →OCLC, pages 234–235:

Ramón-Moliner and Nauta (1966) designated the closed nuclei, in which dendrites do not extend into adjacent fibre bundles, as ‘hodophobic’.

1997, R[udolf] Nieuwenhuys, H[endrik] J[an] ten Donkelaar, C[harles] Nicholson, “Structure and Organisation of Centres”, in The Central Nervous System of Vertebrates, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, →ISBN, page 49, column 2:

This dendritic pattern corresponds to the hodophobic tendencies of allodendritic neurons found in the analogue nucleus of cat,^([sic]) but in the guinea pig these neurons are weakly branched.

2000 February 7, Anna Robak, “The Neuronal Structure of the Mamillary Nuclei in Guinea Pig: Nissl, Klüver-Barrera and Golgi Studies”, in Folia Morphologica, volume 59, number 2, Gdańsk, Poland: Via Medica, →ISSN, →OCLC, →PMID, archived from the original on 2021-05-30, page 109, column 1:

Ramon-Moliner and Nauta (Ramon-Moliner and Nauta, 1966) proposed division of brainstem nuclei into two major groups: (1) "closed" nuclei with relatively homogeneous perikaryal morphology and specialized, hodophobic dendrites that remain confined to nuclear boundaries; and (2) "open" nuclei with non-specialized (isodendritic) and overlapping dendritic branches, considerable cytological heterogeneity, and hodophilic tendency for spread into nearby fiber bundles.

2012, Changiz Geula, M[arek-]Marsel Mesulam, “Brainstem Cholinergic Systems”, in Jürgen K[onrad] Mai, George Paxinos, editors, The Human Nervous System, 3rd edition, London, Waltham, Mass.: Academic Press, →DOI, →ISBN, part III (Brainstem and Cerebellum), page 456, column 2:

(neurology) Of the dendrites of neurons: tending not to form branches.

Sigmund Freud, the father of psychology, was hodophobic, afraid of traveling.

1990 April, Denise Hastings, “Maybe I Do Have a Phobia, but So Does Everyone, Right?”, in Josie F[ernandez] Jackson, editor, In Formation, volume II, number 4, Keesler Air Force Base, Miss.: Public Affairs Office, 403rd Tactical Airlift Wing, →OCLC, page 2, column 3:

Estimates of the number of hodophobic Americans—ranging from those who drive, ride or fly with white knuckles to those who don't travel at all—run as high as 10 percent of the population.

1995, Mademoiselle: The Magazine for the Smart Young Woman, volume 101, New York, N.Y.: Condé Nast Publications, →ISSN, →OCLC:

Everybody, including the hodophobic, inebriated Maureen Stapleton, arrived in New York very, very happy.

1995, Maureen Stapleton, Jane Scovell, chapter 10, in A Hell of a Life: An Autobiography, New York, N.Y.: Simon & Schuster, →ISBN, page 249:

Cars are small. Too small. Your dog gets claustrophobic. Your gear gets cleisiophobic (fear of being locked in small, enclosed spaces). Your significant other gets hodophobic (fear of road travel). It's enough to make you lyssophobic (fear of going mad). Which is just another way of saying, at Isuzu, we're carophobic. That's why we make the surprisingly spacious Isuzu Rodeo.

1999 May, “Yeah, We’re Carophobics [advertisement]”, in Thom Hogan, editor, Backpacker: The Magazine of Wilderness Travel, volume 27, issue 177, number 4, Emmaus, Pa.: Rodale Press, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 13:

[O]f course, the murderous innkeeper is a stereotype in hodophobic (fear of road travel) horror and suspense novels and films.

2008, Mike Mayo, “Bender Family”, in American Murder: Criminals, Crime, and the Media, Canton, Miss.: Visible Ink Press, →ISBN, page 32, column 1:

(psychiatry) Suffering from hodophobia; pathologically afraid of travel.


cancerism

(medicine, dated) A hypothetical diathesis or tendency toward the formation of cancer.


lipofected

en-adj

lipofected (comparative more lipofected, superlative most lipofected)

more lipofected (comparative)
most lipofected (superlative)

Lipid-RNA complexes last a long time in lipofected cells, thus impeding precise RNA quantification [34 ].

2016 January 5, “Challenging the Roles of NSP3 and Untranslated Regions in Rotavirus mRNA Translation”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


trabectome

Based on above findings, surgical procedures on SC (e.g., canaloplasty, iStent and Eypass implantation) and the TM (e.g., trabectome) have been launched worldwide.

2016 January 5, “Schlemm’s Canal and Trabecular Meshwork in Eyes with Primary Open Angle Glaucoma: A Comparative Study Using High-Frequency Ultrasound Biomicroscopy”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(surgery) An instrument used in minimally-invasive glaucoma surgery


onsetter

Compared to normative stayers, increasing hyperactivity and maltreatment during childhood were associated with a likelihood of being a late onsetter.

2008, Anna Hyun, Factors Associated with Stability and Change in Offending Among School Enrolled Adolescents and Their Transitions into Emerging Adulthood:

(medicine) One who undergoes the onset of a condition.


brachytelephalangy

(pathology) Unusually short length of the distal phalanges.


antiactin

To ensure equal loading of each prepared sample, β-actin from whole-cell lysates was stained using goat antiactin antibodies (Santa Cruz Biotechnology).

2016 January 6, “Statins Attenuate Helicobacter pylori CagA Translocation and Reduce Incidence of Gastric Cancer: In Vitro and Population-Based Case-Control Studies”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(immunology, of an antibody) That binds to actin


antiphosphotyrosine

CagA was probed using mouse anti-CagA antibodies (Santa Cruz Biotechnology) and tyrosine-phosphorylated CagA was probed using mouse antiphosphotyrosine antibodies (4G10) (Upstate Biotechnology, Billerica, MA, USA).

(immunology, of an antibody) That binds to phosphotyrosine


chorioamnion

On the other hand, C57BL/6 mice infected with Pg strain W83 exhibit pathology that is more consistent with HC and HCF such as disruption of the integrity of the chorioamnion, chorioamnionitis, and spontaneous preterm birth [22 ].

2016 January 6, “Porphyromonas gingivalis within Placental Villous Mesenchyme and Umbilical Cord Stroma Is Associated with Adverse Pregnancy Outcome”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(anatomy) The chorion and amnion considered as a single entity


hepatorrhagia

The most striking pathological change induced by DVH is hepatic injury, such as hepatorrhagia and hepatic congestion, and the main clinical symptoms are cramps, convulsions, opisthotonus and sudden death.

2016 January 6, “Assessment of a Flavone-Polysaccharide Based Prescription for Treating Duck Virus Hepatitis”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(pathology) hemorrhage associated with the liver


interarytenoid

/ˌɪn.tɚˌæɹ.əˈtiˌnɔɪd/

Caudally adjacent, the small, trapezoid-shaped, interarytenoid cartilage was intercalated between the medial processes of the left and right arytenoid cartilages.

2016 January 6, Roland Frey, Ilya A. Volodin, Guido Fritsch, Elena V. Volodina, “Potential Sources of High Frequency and Biphonic Vocalization in the Dhole (Cuon alpinus)”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(anatomy) Between the arytenoid cartilages.


likubin

(pathology) Ellipsis of citrus likubin (“huanglongbing”).


laryngoplasty

To date, several approaches have been used to address scarring of the vocal folds, including medialization laryngoplasty procedures [3 –6 ], mucosa grafting [7 ], the use of angiolytic lasers [8 ], and tissue engineering [9 –11 ] involving cell delivery, growth factors, and pharmacological agents.

2016 January 6, “Regeneration of Vocal Fold Mucosa Using Tissue-Engineered Structures with Oral Mucosal Cells”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


neurointervention

Because of the increasing use of intracranial stents in neurointervention, some studies have indicated that up to 25%–35% of patients with intracranial stents for atherosclerotic arterial stenoses had in-stent restenosis.

2016 January 6, “Spectral Imaging for Intracranial Stents and Stent Lumen”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(surgery) Any vascular treatment within the brain


tonify

en-verb

tonify (third-person singular simple present tonifies, present participle tonifying, simple past and past participle tonified)

tonifies (present singular third-person)
tonifying (participle present)
tonified (participle past)
tonified (past)

In two-meridian problems, for example Lung deficiency, where the Spleen would also be deficient, tonify LU-9 or LU-7 and SP-3 or SP-5.

1983, Kiiko Matsumoto, Stephen Birch, Five Elements and Ten Stems, →ISBN, page 172:

Intellectuals are principally yang: one must tonify the yin. Rural people are principally yin: one must tonify the yang.

1994, Georges Soulié de Morant, Paul Zmiewski, Chinese Acupuncture, →ISBN, page 79:

Accupunturists who wish to enhance energy flow in a particular meridian (i.e., to tonify the kidney meridian) might apply the bionorth side of the magnet to acupuncture point KD7 and the biosouth side of the magnet to KD10.

2009, May Loo, Integrative Medicine for Children, →ISBN, page 97:

Herbs that tonify deficiencies strengthen or supplement the body's resistance against disease. They are usually subdivided into herbs that tonify Qi, Yang, blood, or Yin.

2014, Stevenson Xutian, Shusheng Tai, Chun-Su Yuan, Handbook of Traditional Chinese Medicine, →ISBN, page 676:

traditional Chinese medicine
traditional Chinese medicine

(traditional Chinese medicine) To increase the available energy of


leucinostatin

(medicine) Any of a family of antimicrobial and antitumor antibiotics obtained from Paecilomyces


hypernociception

Reduction of neutrophil recruitment by pre-treating AIA mice with DF2156A, or even the depletion of these cells by using RB6-8C5 reduced all of the inflammatory parameters and hypernociception developed after AIA challenge, but could not prevent the metabolic changes.

2016 January 8, “Tumor Necrosis Factor, but Not Neutrophils, Alters the Metabolic Profile in Acute Experimental Arthritis”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(physiology) An increased level of nociception


summer branch drop

(pathology, botany, sylvaniculture, arboriculture) A syndrome in which a tree suddenly drops a large limb from its body, usually interpreted as being caused by stress due to heat waves, droughts or persistent hot weather.


ETT

(medicine) Initialism of endotracheal tube.


glucoregulation

There are no standardized variables defined for calculating factor scores using PCA. Most researchers used four factors with HOMA or insulin instead of glucose, triglycerides to HDL ratio are also calculated to reduce number of factors, and blood pressure is calculated either using systolic blood pressure or MAP. Confirmatory analyses in these studies revealed higher factor loadings of waist circumference and glucoregulation measures than loadings of blood pressure and lipids [22, 26 ].

2016 January 9, “siMS Score: Simple Method for Quantifying Metabolic Syndrome”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(physiology) The metabolic regulation of glucose


commissuroplasty

(surgery) surgical correction of a deformity to a commissure


infundibulotomy

The conduit was anastomosed to the infundibulotomy either directly or by constructing a hood to “roof-over” the anterior portion of the anastomosis to prevent conduit distortion.

2016 January 12, “Outcomes of Surgical Repair for Persistent Truncus Arteriosus from Neonates to Adults: A Single Center's Experience”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(surgery) incision into, or division of an infundibulum


centroparietally

(anatomy) With regard to the centroparietal region.


centrotemporally

(anatomy) With regard to the centrotemporal region.


epithelially

(anatomy) In relation to the epithelium.


postrevascularization

Patients were excluded if they had previously undergone coronary angiography or postrevascularization of the coronary arteries or had valvular heart disease, cardiomyopathy, or myocarditis.

2016 January 12, “Association between Time of Day of Sports-Related Physical Activity and the Onset of Acute Myocardial Infarction in a Chinese Population”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(surgery) revascularization following surgery


intraorganic

Coakley presents experimental evidence that various organs can be benefited by intraorganic medication.

1903, New England Medical Monthly and the Prescription, Volume 22:


vesamicol

Because synapse loss and dysfunction occur before fibrillary tau tangles emerge in the tauopathy mouse AD model[20 ], VAChT may be used as a possible in vivo target for diagnoses of AD. It has been shown that vesamicol (2-(4-phenylpiperidino) cyclohexanol) binds to the ACh transporter on presynaptic acetylcholine storage vesicles and inhibits ACh uptake into the vesicle[21 ,22 ].

2016 January 12, “In Vivo Differences between Two Optical Isomers of Radioiodinated o -iodo- trans -decalinvesamicol for Use as a Radioligand for the Vesicular Acetylcholine Transporter”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry, medicine) The drug 2-(4-phenyl-1-piperidyl)cyclohexan-1-ol that inhibits acetylcholine


stellectomy

(surgery) The excision of the stellate ganglion.


multimetastasis

This showed that regardless of whether patients had oligometastasis or multimetastasis, the best supportive care group fared significantly worse compared to either of the other two treatment groups, and the chemotherapy alone group fared significantly worse than the multimodality treatment group (Figs 3 and 4 ).

2016 January 13, “Multimodality Treatment May Improve the Survival Rate of Patients with Metastatic Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma with Good Performance Status”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(pathology) The spread of multiple metastases, especially of cancer


oligometastasis

en-noun

oligometastasis (countable and uncountable, plural oligometastases)

Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine

Despite an increasing interest in oligometastases, the definition of the term “oligometastases” can be very confusing because it has been dependent on the particular research. Many researchers have defined oligometastases as metastases that are limited in both number (typically, less than 5) and location. Another confusing issue is outcome evaluation; researchers have evaluated the outcome of oligometastases by overall survival or local control. […] Hellman and Weichselbaum originally proposed the state of oligometastases in 1995 based on a consideration of the multistep nature of cancer progression. They proposed the existence of an oligometastatic state that was an “intermediate between purely localized lesions and those widely metastatic”. The state was expounded to be “amenable to a curative therapeutic strategy” and “amenable to localized therapy”.

2015, Hiroyuki Kaneda, Yukihito Saito, “Oligometastases: defined by prognosis and evaluated by cure”, in Cancer Treatment Communications, volume 3, →DOI, pages 1–6:

(medicine, pathology) A state of limited metastasis, especially of cancer, with several (but not many) metastatic sites.

(medicine, pathology) Any of the several metastatic tumors/sites in such a state.


biobrick

During amplification, the internal EcoRI restriction site in merA was mutated in order to create a mer cassette compatible with the biobrick cloning system and the vector pBBRBB (see Materials and Methods ) [27 ].

2016 January 14, “Toward Bioremediation of Methylmercury Using Silica Encapsulated Escherichia coli Harboring the mer Operon”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(genetics) A length of DNA sequence used, with others, to build synthetic biological circuits


hypotetraploid

Furthermore, a hypotetraploid side-line contained duplicate copies of the stemline abnormalities, and small second sideline of two cells contained an interstitial deletion of the long arm of chromosome 2, as well as the stemline aberrations.

2016 January 14, “L1 Cell Adhesion Molecule-Specific Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Redirected Human T Cells Exhibit Specific and Efficient Antitumor Activity against Human Ovarian Cancer in Mice”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(genetics) having fewer than four times the haploid number of chromosomes in a cell nucleus


nucleofractis

The experienced surgeon did cataract surgery performing the divide and conquer nucleofractis technique and using discovisc (Alcon Laboratories, Inc, Fort Worth, Tex, US) as ophthalmic viscosurgical device [22 ].

2016 January 14, “A Pilot Study to Propose a”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(surgery) damage to the nucleus (of the eye) during surgery


prochoanitic

The primary constriction is followed by a sudden change from a retrochoanitic to prochoanitic septal neck in the first half of the second whorl.

2016 January 14, “Paleobiology of the Latest Tithonian (Late Jurassic) Ammonite Salinites grossicostatum Inferred from Internal and External Shell Parameters”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


retrochoanitic

The latter is retrochoanitic during the earliest ontogenetic stages (Fig 4A 2 ) and becomes prochoanitic (Fig 6B ) at D≈1.8 mm, after approximately 18 septa and in the first half of the second whorl (in CPC-1214).


viscosurgical

Viscosurgical tools are applied during the surgical procedure and can act as space-makers to separate tissues and create the space for surgical manipulations and for the insertion of implants.

1989, David Evered, The Biology of hyaluronan, page 266:

(surgery) Describing any viscoelastic material used in eye surgery.


EMR

EMR (countable and uncountable, plural EMRs)

electronic medical record
w:electronic medical record

(medicine) Initialism of electronic medical record.


hemicystectomy

Wistar rats underwent hemicystectomy and bladder augmentation with the biocomposite material.

2016 January 15, “New Amniotic Membrane Based Biocomposite for Future Application in Reconstructive Urology”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(surgery) The removal of a significant part of the bladder, normally as part of reconstruction.


pachychoroidal

Other pachychoroidal diseases such as a variety of inflammatory diseases may also show choroidal morphologic alterations.

2016 January 15, “Morphologic Characteristics of Choroid in the Major Choroidal Thickening Diseases, Studied by Optical Coherence Tomography”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(pathology) That involves excessive choroid thickening


pachychoroidopathy

(pathology) Excessive choroid thickening


regenotyping

The regenotyping and SNaPshot results were in complete accordance with original results.

2016 January 15, “Association of Ulcerative Colitis with FUT2 and FUT3 Polymorphisms in Patients from Southeast China”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(genetics) A second or subsequent genotyping.


vitreoretinochoroidopathy

Additional single cases had final diagnoses of retinitis punctata albescens, autosomal dominant vitreoretinochoroidopathy, atrophy of the choroid and retina resembling gyrate atrophy but without hyperornithinemia, exudative vitreoretinopathy, optic atrophy, Alström syndrome, Bardet Biedl syndrome and Stargardt disease.

2016 January 15, “Mutation Detection in Patients with Retinal Dystrophies Using Targeted Next Generation Sequencing”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


urethral bulb

corpus spongiosum
corpus spongiosum#English

(anatomy) The enlarged proximal part of the corpus spongiosum.


corpus spongiosum

corpus spongiosum (plural corpora spongiosa)

(anatomy) The mass of spongy erectile tissue surrounding the urethra within the penis or clitoris.

virtsaputken paisuvainen

the mass of spongy tissue surrounding the urethra


lipostomy

From lipo- (“lacking”) + stoma (“mouth”) + -y (“condition”), from Ancient Greek λείπω (leípō) and Ancient Greek στόμα (stóma).

af

(medicine) Congenital absence or smallness of the mouth.


lithectasy

(medicine) The extraction of calculi through the mechanically dilated urethra.


litholapaxy

en-noun

litholapaxy (countable and uncountable, plural litholapaxies)

(medicine) The removal of a vesical calculus by first crushing it and subsequently washing out the fragments.


lupoma

(pathology) The nodosity from which lupus develops.


litholysis

(medicine) The dissolving of urinary calculi


lithuresis

(medicine) The passage of small calculi in the urine.


lithuria

(pathology) The presence of excess uric acid or its salts in the urine.


luetin

(medicine, historical) An antigen preparation from Treponema, used in a cutireaction test for syphilis.


reoperable

Thus, we could extend the indication for more radical surgery to include most of our patients with multifocal thyroid lesions, particularly those with incidental thyroid cancer discovered postsurgically in a multinodular goiter that would not have been reoperable if it had been detected before the initial surgery.

2016 January 20, “Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy as a Preoperative Procedure in Patients with Malignancy in Solitary and Multiple Thyroid Nodules”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


popcorn lung

popcorn lung (usually uncountable, plural popcorn lungs)

From popcorn + lung.
So called because an outbreak at a popcorn factory led to the recommendation of respiratory protection for all workers in microwave popcorn production.

Bronchiolitis obliterans
bronchiolitis obliterans#English

(countable, rare) A lung affected by bronchiolitis obliterans.

butanedione

the chemical that when inhaled causes popcorn lung

diacetyl

the chemical inhaled that causes popcorn lung


minicore

(pathology) Any of a series of core structures found in muscle tissue myopathy


hemoclip

Coordinate term: hemostat

(surgery) A small metal clip used to prevent bleeding.


hypertriploid

HT-29 cell is a colon adenocarcinoma tumor cell line with hypertriploid chromosome, abnormal mitochondria, and a p53 gene mutation [43 ], and therefore may present an abnormal picture of physiological cell death pathways.

2016 January 26, “Mitochondrial Protein PGAM5 Regulates Mitophagic Protection against Cell Necroptosis”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(genetics) Having more than three sets of chromosomes


intercritical

Conversely the TT-genotype associated with reduced levels of TLR4 mRNA in PBMCs from people with intercritical gout.

2016 January 26, “The Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) Variant rs2149356 and Risk of Gout in European and Polynesian Sample Sets”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(pathology) Between attacks (especially of gout)


megacapillary

(anatomy) A very wide capillary (typically greater than 15 μm)


microhepatica

These include jaundice, abdominal fluid wave, microhepatica, ascites, enlarged portal lymph nodes, hypoalbuminemia and left shift of neutrophils in the peripheral blood.

2016 January 26, “Presence of Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome Predicts a Poor Clinical Outcome in Dogs with a Primary Hepatitis”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(pathology) The presence of an unusually small liver


rigored

You respond to a home where an 85-year-old male apparently died in his sleep during the night. The body is cool to the touch, mottled, and rigored.

2008, Will Chapleau, Melissa Alexander, Barron's EMT: Emergency Medical Technician Exam, page 39:

It is not uncommon for drowning victims to have marine vegetation clenched in fully rigored fists when their bodies are recovered […]

2010, Joseph A. Prahlow, Forensic Pathology for Police, Death Investigators, Attorneys, and Forensic Scientists:


pachylosis

As an inordinate production of epidermis dependent on hypertrophy of the papillæ of the skin, it has a title to a place in this group, while its principal character, namly, that of thickening and condensation of the skin, seems to point to pachylosis (καχὸς, crassitudo) as a fitting description.

1868, Erasmus Wilson, On diseases of the skin:

The majority of them had capillaries dilatation with pigmentation spots. The skin texture of some patients had subtle changes like pachylosis and deepened dermatoglyph, which were invisible for naked eyes.

2012 August 7, WF Zha, WM Song, JJ Ai, AE Xu, “Mobile connected dermatoscope and confocal laser scanning microscope: a useful combination applied in facial simple sensitive skin.”, in International journal of cosmetic science, volume 34, number 4, page 318:

(medicine) A hypertrophic skin disorder characterised by rough, dry, thickened skin.


pachymeningitis

(medicine) Inflammation of the dura mater of the brain, or of the spinal cord.


palaeothalamus

From palaeo- + thalamus. Said to be older in evolutionary terms than other parts of the organ.

This is equally true of the basic feelings of hunger and fear which have their seat in the palaeothalamus, and of the reactions which these feelings entail.

1925, Francis Xavier Dercum, The physiology of mind:

(anatomy, obsolete) The anterior and central part of the thalamus.


palindromia

From Ancient Greek παλίνδρομος (palíndromos, “running back again”).

der

(medicine) A relapse or recurrence of a disease.


penicillus

From Latin pēniculus, a diminutive pēnis.

(anatomy) One of the tufts of fine twigs into which the arteries of the spleen subdivide.


peotillomania

(medicine) A nervous tic resembling masturbation, consisting of constant pulling of the penis.


panaritium

(medicine) The purulent inflammation of a digit.


histic

19th century. From French histique, from Ancient Greek ἱστός (histós, “web”).

(medicine) Relating to the tissues of the body.


hepatohemia

(medicine, rare) congestion of the liver


neuroendoscopy

en-noun

neuroendoscopy (usually uncountable, plural neuroendoscopies)

Although the 1960's represented a time during which publications on neuroendoscopy were sparse, it was also a time when key technological advances were made, laying the groundwork for the future reinassance of neuroendoscopy.

2016 January 28, “Preliminary Experience with a New Multidirectional Videoendoscope for Neuroendoscopic Surgical Procedures”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(surgery) The use of endoscopy in neurosurgery


phlyzacium

(medicine, obsolete) A large round, red pustule that is succeeded by a hard dark scab.


psydracium

(medicine, obsolete) A tiny, irregular-shaped pustule.


phlyctidium

From Ancient Greek φλυκτίς (phluktís, “boil”).

der

(medicine, obsolete) A kind of large blister.


phlyctis

(medicine, obsolete) Synonym of phlyctidium


forecare

It seems to me that the logical points of this part of this paper must include forecare of the patient before the injection, the preparation of the drug for the injection, the surgical technique of the injection, the range variations and repetitions of doses, [...]

1911, International Record of Medicine and General Practice Clinics:

The major operations are characterized by forecare often for long periods as well as the day before the operation, by general anesthetics and by invasion of the important organs, such as the kidneys, ureters and bladder.

1919, Victor Cox Pedersen, A Text-book of Urology in Men, Women and Children:

I cannot resist the temptation to bring in another member of the care family, namely forecare.

(medicine) care given in advance of a procedure, such as surgery


exencephalus

(medicine) A deformed infant with the brain more or less outside the cranial cavity.


FAST

Coined in recognition of the word fast, e.g. (medical sense) describing the need for speedy diagnosis and treatment.

cerebrovascular accident
cerebrovascular accident#English

(medicine, pathology) Acronym of facial drooping, arm weakness, speech difficulty, time. A mnemonic for diagnosing a cerebrovascular accident (“CVA”) or stroke.


brachymetropia

From brachy- (“short”) + metr- (“measure”) + -opia.


brisement

(medicine) The breaking up of anything, such as an ankylosis.


malactic

(medicine, obsolete) emollient; softening


marcor

(medicine, obsolete) A wasting or withering disease; marasmus.


marisca

From Latin marisca (“large kind of fig; haemorrhoid”).


maxillojugal

(anatomy) Relating to the maxilla and the zygoma.


bronchostenosis

(pathology) The abnormal contraction of a bronchus.


bronchium

From New Latin bronchium, singular of Latin bronchia.

(anatomy, usually in the plural) A bronchial tube; a subdivision of the bronchus.