-tox-

(pharmacology) a shortened allomorph of the monoclonal antibody affix -toxa-, used for ease of pronunciation before all source affixes but -xi- and -zu-


itraconazole

Probably from itra- (“alteration of tria(zole)”) + -conazole (“miconazole derivative”).

af

(pharmacology) A particular triazole antifungal agent (trademark Sporanox) that may be given orally or intravenously especially to treat blastomycosis and histoplasmosis.


quinapril

congestive heart failure
congestive heart failure

(pharmacology) An ACE inhibitor used in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure, a prodrug that is converted to its active metabolite, quinaprilat, in the liver.


voriconazole

From [Term?] + -conazole (“miconazole derivative”).

(pharmacology) A triazole antifungal medication generally used to treat serious, invasive fungal infections, as in patients who are immunocompromised.


posaconazole

(pharmacology) A triazole antifungal drug used to treat invasive infections in severely immunocompromised patients.


blastomycosis

en-noun

blastomycosis (countable and uncountable, plural blastomycoses)

(pathology) A fungal infection caused by the organism Blastomyces dermatitidis, endemic to parts of North America, whose clinical symptoms resemble those of histoplasmosis


oxymetazoline

From hydroxy + methyl + imidazole + -ine.

Oxymetazoline or phenylpropanolamine / to open up the sinuses and such / Then try to recoup with a little chicken soup / Call your mother cause it pays to keep in touch

1997, “The Druggist”, Joel Mabus (music):

(medicine, pharmacology) A sympathomimetic drug with vasoconstrictive activity that is used in the form of its hydrochloride C₁₆H₂₄N₂O·HCl chiefly as a topical nasal decongestant, developed from xylometazoline.


flurbiprofen

non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug

(pharmacology) A member of the phenylalkanoic acid derivative family of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, used to treat the inflammation and pain of arthritis.


miconazole

Probably from myco- + (phe)n(yl) + (imid)azole.

(pharmacology) An imidazole antifungal agent that works by inhibiting the synthesis of ergosterol.


clotrimazole

clotrimazole (usually uncountable, plural clotrimazoles)

From c(h)lo(r)- + tri- + (i)m(id)azole or c(h)lo(r)- + tr(i)- + im(id)azole.

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) An antifungal medication used to treat humans and animals, C₂₂H₁₇ClN₂.


quinaprilat

(pharmacology) The active metabolite of quinapril.


mediastinitis

(medicine) Inflammation of the mediastinum.


lymphadenitis

lymphadenitis (countable and uncountable, plural lymphadenitides or lymphadenitises or lymphadenites)

lymphadenitides (plural)
lymphadenitises (plural)
lymphadenites (plural)

From international scientific vocabulary, reflecting New Latin combining forms, from lymph- + adenitis = lymph- + aden- + -itis.

(biology, medicine) The inflammation or swelling of the lymph nodes, often a nonspecific sign of infection but also often benign and of obscure origin.

classical compound
international scientific vocabulary


lymphangitis

lymphangitis (countable and uncountable, plural lymphangitides)

From Latin lympha (“lymph”) + Ancient Greek ἄγγος (ángos, “vessel”) + -itis.

Lymphangitis in a Cart Mare.— This disease, locally known as farcy, weed, shot o' grease, and Monday morning disease, the latter name from its often developing through Sunday night through the horse having been tied up and so getting no exercise from the time he finished work on the Saturday until required again on Monday morning.

1901 April 12, “Veterinary Departmental Report for February, 1901”, in The Agricultural Journal and Mining Record, volume 4, number 3, page 85:

(pathology) Inflammation of the lymphatic channels, the result of infection at a site distal to the channel.


gamma-butyrolactone

(chemistry, pharmacology) The lactone of 4-hydroxybutyric acid; A colourless liquid used as a solvent or reagent in various industrial uses, as well as a recreational drug.


amebiasis

From international scientific vocabulary, reflecting New Latin combining forms: ameb- + -iasis.

(medicine) Alternative spelling of amoebiasis


autotransfusion

Strange to say, the method of autotransfusion, as it has been happily named by the French, has, notwithstanding its simplicity, failed to obtain in practice the reception it deserves.

1877, Dr. L. Lesser, “Transfusion and Autotransfusion”, in Clinical Lectures on Subjects Connected with Medicine, Surgery, and Obstetrics:

(medicine) A blood transfusion in which a person receives their own blood, extracted previously.


autohemotherapy

(medicine) The intramuscular or subcutaneous, immediate hypodermic reinjection of blood previously removed from the patient.


neoumbilicoplasty

(surgery) The surgical creation of a new belly button.


retrocyclin

retrocyclin (countable and uncountable, plural retrocyclins)

(biochemistry, genetics) An artificial human theta-defensin shown to be effective against HIV and other viruses.


barium meal

(medicine) A preparation of barium sulfate (a radioopaque compound) which the patient ingests for the purpose of producing clear radiographs of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum.

(medicine) A diagnostic procedure based on observing the barium meal's progress in the digestive tract.


vachette

(veterinary surgery) A piece of strong steel wire with the ends curved and pointed, used on toe or quarter cracks to bind the edges together and prevent motion. It is clasped into two notches, one on each side of the crack, burned into the wall with a cautery iron.


diploe

diploe (countable and uncountable, plural diploes)

From Ancient Greek διπλόη (diplóē, “literally, a fold”), noun use of feminine of διπλόος (diplóos, “double”).

uder

(anatomy) The thin layer of soft, spongy, or cancellate tissue between the bone plates which constitute the skull.


aphaeretic

From Ancient Greek ἀφαιρετικός (aphairetikós).

(rare, medicine, phonetics, linguistics, prosody) Of the nature of apheresis.


Cushing's syndrome

First described by Harvey Cushing in 1932.

(medicine) An endocrine disorder caused by high levels of cortisol in the blood.


soybean rust

(phytopathology) A fungal disease of soybeans and other legumes, caused by Phakopsora spp..


osteoblastoma

(oncology) an uncommon osteoid tissue-forming primary neoplasm of the bone


rifabutin

(pharmacology) A bactericidal antibiotic, primarily used in the treatment of tuberculosis, whose effect is based on blocking the DNA-dependent RNA-polymerase of the bacteria.


MMR

en-noun

MMR (countable and uncountable, plural MMRs)

(biology, genetics) Initialism of DNA mismatch repair


antitumorigenic

(oncology) Opposing tumorigenesis; serving to counteract the formation of tumors.


gingivectomy

(surgery) A periodontal surgical procedure to remove gum tissue.


hyposmia

From Ancient Greek ὑπο- (hupo-, “under”) + ὀσμή (osmḗ, “smell”), equivalent to hypo- + -osmia.

(pathology) A reduced ability to smell and to detect odors.


kyphoscoliosis

kyphoscoliosis (countable and uncountable, plural kyphoscolioses)

(medicine) Abnormal curvature of the spine in both coronal and sagittal planes; i.e. backward and lateral (sideways) spinal curvature.

cifoescoliose

abnormal curvature of the spine in both coronal and sagittal planes


milrinone

Probably from m(eth)yl + -rinone (“amrinone derivative”).

af

(pharmacology) An inotropic vasodilator agent administered in the form of its lactate C₁₂H₉N₃O·C₃H₆O₃ especially in short-term intravenous therapy for congestive heart failure.


meloxicam

(pharmacology) A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug of the oxicam class (trademark Mobic), used to relieve the symptoms of arthritis and primary dysmenorrhea and as an analgesic.


rasburicase

(pharmacology) A recombinant version of a urate oxidase enzyme that occurs in many mammals but not in humans, used in treating certain tumour-related conditions.


propylthiouracil

/ˌpɹəʊ.pʌɪl.θʌɪ.əʊˈjʊə.ɹə.sɪl/

/ˌpɹəʊ.pɪl.θʌɪ.əʊˈjʊə.ɹə.sɪl/

/ˌpɹoʊ.pəlˌθaɪ.oʊˈjʊɹ.əˌsɪl/

From propyl + -thiouracil (“uracil derivative”).

compound

(pharmacology, endocrinology) A thioamide drug, used to treat hyperthyroidism by decreasing the amount of thyroid hormone produced by the thyroid gland, which is associated with a risk of agranulocytosis.


retrotranspose

en-verb

retrotranspose (third-person singular simple present retrotransposes, present participle retrotransposing, simple past and past participle retrotransposed)

retrotransposes (present singular third-person)
retrotransposing (participle present)
retrotransposed (participle past)
retrotransposed (past)

(genetics) To cause or to undergo retrotransposition.


stemness

en-noun

stemness (usually uncountable, plural stemnesses)

(cytology) An essential characteristic of a stem cell that distinguishes it from ordinary cells.


methandriol

(pharmacology) An androstenediol with molecular formula C₂₀H₃₂O₂.


venomosity

Probably from venomous + -ity; compare Middle English venymouste.

(toxicology) The strength of venom in an animal.


anorexigenic

en-adj

anorexigenic (comparative more anorexigenic, superlative most anorexigenic)

more anorexigenic (comparative)
most anorexigenic (superlative)

No major advances were reported in the field of anorexigenic agents during the two year period 1968–1969.

1969, Frank P. Palopoli, "Anorexigenic Agents", chapter 5 of Cornelius K. Cain (editor-in-chief), Annual Reports in Medicinal Chemistry, 1969, Academic Press (1970), page 40

Because of its efficacy and widespread clinical usage, amphetamine has been the standard anorexigenic drug for some time.

1992, George I. Poos, “Anorexigenic Agents”, in Annual Reports in Medicinal Chemistry, volumes 27-28, page 51:

Within this neural circuitry, numerous neuropeptides, both orexigenic (stimulate food intake) and anorexigenic (inhibit food intake), were discovered.

2008, George A. Bray, Claude Bouchard, Handbook of Obesity: Clinical Applications, page 378:

(medicine) creating or inducing a state of anorexia


iodoquinol

(pharmacology) Synonym of diiodohydroxyquinoline.


diiodohydroxyquinoline

(pharmacology) A quinoline derivative used in the treatment of amoebiasis.


rete testis

seminiferous tubules
seminiferous tubules

(anatomy) A hilar testicular network that collects produced sperm from the seminiferous tubules, and connects with the efferent ducts.


forearm bone

(Anatomy course supervisor) And put those forearm bones away will you, we are finished with'em.

(anatomy) Either of the two bones, i.e. ulna and radius, that make up the skeletal part of the forearm.


hypothenar

hypothenar (comparative more hypothenar, superlative most hypothenar)

more hypothenar (comparative)
most hypothenar (superlative)

/haɪˈpɒθɪnə/

From Ancient Greek ὑπο- (hupo-, “under”) + θέναρ (thénar, “palm of the hand”).

(anatomy) Of the ulnar fleshy side of the palm.

hypothenair

of the ulnar side of the palm and underlying muscles

(anatomy) Of the muscles of the little finger.


osteochondrosis

en-noun

osteochondrosis (countable and uncountable, plural osteochondroses)

/ˌɒstiːəʊkɒnˈdɹəʊsɪs/

(pathology) A family of orthopedic diseases of the joint that occur in children and in rapidly growing animals, characterized by interruption of the blood supply of a bone, necrosis, and regrowth.


temazepam

temazepam (countable and uncountable, plural temazepams)

Probably from tem- (“alteration of methyl”) + oxazepam.

af

But if your problem is waking too early, he might suggest a longer-duration drug like temazepam, the generic version of Restoril.

2009 June 6, Lesley Alderman, “Cost-Effective Ways to Fight Insomnia”, in New York Times:

(pharmacology) A compound (trademark Restoril) of the benzodiazepine class used as a tranquilizer and short-acting hypnotic.


syndesmosis

He was diagnosed with syndesmosis in his left ankle, the same injury that cost Ryan Hoffman a place in last year's grand final.

2009 August 19, Russell Gould, “Storm dismisses any talk of Greg Inglis returning”, in Herald Sun, archived from the original on 2009-08-20:

(anatomy) A slightly movable articulation or joint where the contiguous bony surfaces are rough and are united by an interosseous ligament (e.g. between the fibula and tibia at the ankle).


meningioma

en-noun

meningioma (plural meningiomas or meningiomata)

meningiomas (plural)
meningiomata (plural)

Ellen Wright, 48, was operated on for five hours Tuesday to remove a benign meningioma tumour from the left side of her brain, after Clarke practised on her case.

2009 August 20, Joseph Hall, Toronto Star:

central nervous system
central nervous system

(pathology) A common tumour of the central nervous system, occurring in the meninges, usually benign.


tendinopathy

tendinopathy (countable and uncountable, plural tendinopathies)

Comparable to surface analyses of tendon + -o- + -pathy and tendo- + -pathy but not thus formed; see more at tendinitis § Etymology.

When I read that tendinopathy is thought to be slow to heal, in part because blood flow to tendons is limited, I decided that I was already doing something that might help.

2009 August 20, Gina Kolata, “One Injured Hamstring, a String of Treatments”, in New York Times:


enthesopathy

(pathology) A disorder of entheses (bone attachments).


enthesis

From Ancient Greek ἔνθεσις (énthesis, “putting in, insertion”).

uder

Like arthritis, peripheral enthesitis occurs predominantly in the lower extremities, particularly in the foot, at single sites at onset, and then at several entheses throughout the course of the disease.

2004, Erbil Ünsal, “Chapter II: Andersson Lesion in Early Juvenile Spondyloarthropathies”, in Frank Columbus, editor, Focus On Arthritis Research, page 26:

Functional entheses occur where tendinous and ligamentous structures, while not actually attaching to bone, are adjacent and in a close relationship to the underlying bone.

2007, Philip Helliwell, James Woodburn, The Foot And Ankle in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Comprehensive Guide, page 64:

Inflammation of the enthesis, when associated with arthritis in children, is called the syndrome of seronegative enthesopathy associated with arthritis (SEA). The entheses most commonly involved in children are the plantar aponeurosis, calcaneal enthesis, and distal and proximal patellar ligament insertions.

2010, Richard J. Wakefield, Maria Antonietta D′Agostino, Essential Applications of Musculoskeletal Ultrasound in Rheumatology, page 211:

(anatomy) The insertion point at which a tendon, ligament, or muscle inserts into a bone.

èntesi

point at which a tendon, etc., inserts into a bone


enthesitis

(pathology) An inflammatory disorder of entheses (bone attachments).


tendinosis

(pathology) Chronic damage to a tendon at a cellular level.


synoviopathy

en-noun

synoviopathy (countable and uncountable, plural synoviopathies)

(pathology) A disorder of the synovial membrane.


babesiosis

babesiosis (countable and uncountable, plural babesioses)

After the discoverer of the protozoa, Victor Babeș: Babesia + -osis.

(pathology) Any of several malaria-like parasitic diseases in humans and other animals caused by Babesia, a genus of protozoa


ethmoidal

/ɛθˈmɔɪ.dəl/

(anatomy, relational) Of or pertaining to the ethmoid bone.


abacavir

/əˈbæk.əˌvɪɹ/

From [Term?] + -cavir (“carbocyclic nucleoside”).

af

reverse transcriptase
reverse transcriptase

(pharmacology) An antiretroviral drug (trademark Ziagen) taken orally in the form of its sulfate (C₁₄H₁₈N₆O)₂·H₂SO₄ in combination with other antiretroviral drugs to treat HIV infections. It is a synthetic nucleoside analog that acts by inhibiting reverse transcriptase. It causes potentially serious hypersensitivity reactions in a small percentage of patients.


dexmedetomidine

(medicine) An aromatic imidazole derivative that is used as a sedative and analgesic


duplicon

(genetics) A chromosome-specific low-copy repeat.


homeologous

en-adj

homeologous (comparative more homeologous, superlative most homeologous)

more homeologous (comparative)
most homeologous (superlative)

(genetics) Alternative spelling of homoeologous.


homophilic

(immunology) that reacts only with a specific antigen


immunolabelling

(immunology) Alternative form of immunolabeling


lobuloalveolar

(anatomy) Pertaining to the lobules and alveoli of mammary tissue


lowess

(genetics) Abbreviation of locally weighted robust scatterplot smoothing.


peribronchitis

(medicine) inflammation of the peribronchial region


plexiform

(medicine, pathology) Having the form of a plexus


plexiform

plexiform neurofibroma
plexiform neurofibroma

(medicine, pathology) plexiform neurofibroma


sublamina

en-noun

sublamina (plural sublaminas or sublaminae)


tapetum

(anatomy) The pigmentary layer of the retina.


aminoaciduria

aminoaciduria (countable and uncountable, plural aminoacidurias)

(medicine) The presence of amino acids in the urine.

aminoacidúria

the presence of amino acids in the urine


antecubital

(anatomy) Pertaining to, or situated in the anterior or inner part of the elbow (cubitus)

antecubital

pertaining to or situated in the anterior part of the elbow


venipuncture

venipuncture (countable and uncountable, plural venipunctures)

From ven- + puncture, equivalent to veno- + puncture but with -i- as interconsonantal (versus -o-).

(hematology) The puncture of a vein, usually to draw a blood sample, collect a blood donation, or insert an intravenous line.

vérvétel

hematology: the collection of blood from a vein


perineoscrotal

(medicine) Of or relating to the perineum and the scrotum.


perineovaginal

(medicine) Of or relating to the perineum and the vagina.


chondrodysplasia

chondrodysplasia (countable and uncountable, plural chondrodysplasias)

(pathology) A genetic disorder characterized by short-limbed dwarfism

condraidiospláise

a genetic disorder characterized by short-limbed dwarfism


cystinuria

cystinuria (countable and uncountable, plural cystinurias)

(medicine) The presence of cystine in the urine


hypochondroplasia

hypochondroplasia (countable and uncountable, plural hypochondroplasias)

(medicine) A mild form of achondroplasia.


paranomia

paranomia (countable and uncountable, plural paranomias)

From para- + Ancient Greek νόμος (nómos, “custom”) + -ia.

af

(medicine) Verbal paraphasia, an aspect of aphasia, where the patient speaks a word different from the one they intended to say.


retrocopy

(genetics) A retrogene, copied from mRNA, that has lost all introns


retrogene

(genetics) A piece of DNA reverse transcribed from mRNA inserted into a random place in the genome.


retroduplication

reverse transcription
reverse transcription

(genetics) The reverse transcription of a gene from mRNA into a complementary DNA copy


retroposed

(genetics) inserted into a chromosome following reverse transcription


retroposition

en-noun

retroposition (countable and uncountable, plural retropositions)

(genetics) The insertion of a fragment of DNA into a chromosome following reverse transcription

(anatomy) backward displacement of a body part


retrotransposable

(genetics) Able to undergo retrotransposition


paraphasia

/pæɹəˈfeɪ̯ʒə/

/pɛɹəˈfeɪ̯ʒə/

(pathology) A symptom of aphasia in which the sufferer substitutes a spoken word different from the one intended


valinomycin

Streptomyces fulvissimus
Streptomyces fulvissimus

(pharmacology) An antibiotic, having a cyclic oligopeptide structure, derived from the actinomycete Streptomyces fulvissimus


cosegregation

cosegregation (countable and uncountable, plural cosegregations)

(genetics) The transmission of two or more linked genes on a chromosome to the same daughter cell leading to the inheritance by the offspring of these genes together.


-cardia

Formed on Ancient Greek κᾰρδῐ́ᾱ (kărdĭ́ā, “heart”) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-ĭ́ā, suffix forming abstract nouns), equivalent to cardia + -ia.


antialcohol

en-adj

antialcohol (comparative more antialcohol, superlative most antialcohol)

more antialcohol (comparative)
most antialcohol (superlative)

(pharmacology) Counteracting the effect of alcohol.


fetus in fetu

(medicine, obstetrics) A fetus growing inside the body of another fetus, either from an unsuccessful twin pregnancy, or as a tumorlike growth.


la belle indifference

Even now, one pays attention to the complex-indicators which we have studied, especially the physical ones (blushings, twitchings, strikingly soft or loud, quick or slow speech, smiling upon the recounting of severe suffering ("La belle indifference"), symptomatic movements, etc).

1919, Oskar Pfister, The psychoanalytic method, trans. Charles Rockwell Payne, publ. Moffat, Yard, and Company, New York, pg. 496

It is interesting to note that insofar as this supports our hypothesis it accords with the time-worn conception of the hysterical patient with little or no anxiety — la belle indifference.

1958, Joseph Wolpe, Psychotherapy by Reciprocal Inhibition, Stanford University Press, →ISBN, page 88:

La belle indifference is a way of pretending nothing is happening: it represents a way of showing one's paralysis to others by manipulating their judgment through an attitude of indifference.

2009, Giampiero Arciero, Guido Bondolfi, Selfhood, Identity and Personality Styles, John Wiley and Sons, →ISBN, page 171:

(psychiatry) A condition in which the person is unconcerned with symptoms caused by a conversion disorder. A naive, inappropriate lack of emotion or concern for the perceptions by others of one's disability, usually seen in persons with conversion disorder.


abyssomicin

(medicine) Any of a class of polyketide antibiotics, having a spirotetronic tricyclic subunit in their structure, derived from certain marine organisms.


acyldepsipeptide

(organic chemistry, medicine) Any acyl derivative of a depsipeptide, but especially any of a class of antibiotics having this structure


zaleplon

Probably from Ancient Greek ζάλη (zálē, “storm, distress”) + -plon (“imidazopyrimidine or pyrazolopyrimidine derivative”).

af

(pharmacology) A sedative hypnotic drug of the pyrazolopyrimidine class, mainly used to treat insomnia, rare among such drugs in having been found not to cause an increase in road traffic accidents.


cefdinir

From cef- (“cefalosporanic acid derivative”).

(pharmacology) A semisynthetic broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic, proven effective for common bacterial infections of the ear, sinus, throat, and skin.


ceftazidime

From cef- (“cefalosporanic acid derivative”) + th(i)az(olyl) + (pyr)id(inium) + (ox)ime.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Pseudomonas aeruginosa#Translingual

(pharmacology) A third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic, usually reserved for the treatment of infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.


sarcomeric

(anatomy) Of or pertaining to sarcomeres


amphenicol

(medicine) Any of a class of antibiotics related to chloramphenicol

anfenicol

any of a class of antibiotic related to chloramphenicol


antimycobacterial

en-adj

antimycobacterial (comparative more antimycobacterial, superlative most antimycobacterial)

more antimycobacterial (comparative)
most antimycobacterial (superlative)

(medicine) That counteracts the effects of mycobacteria

antimicobacteriano

that counteracts the effects of mycobacteria


biscistronic

(genetics) Of or pertaining to a bicistron


bicistron

(genetics) A second, coexpressed plasmid


cefaclor

(pharmacology) A semisynthetic analogue of the antibiotic cephalosporin.


hypophosphatemia

en-noun

hypophosphatemia (countable and uncountable, plural hypophosphatemias)

(medicine) An electrolyte disturbance in which there is an abnormally low level of phosphate in the blood, most commonly seen when malnourished patients are given large amounts of carbohydrates, creating a high phosphorus demand in the cells of the body.


lorazepam

lorazepam (countable and uncountable, plural lorazepams)

/lɔɹˈæz.əˌpæm/

From (ch)lor- + -azepam (“diazepam derivative”).

af

(pharmacology) A drug of the benzodiazepine group, used especially to treat anxiety.


antiserotonergic

en-adj

antiserotonergic (comparative more antiserotonergic, superlative most antiserotonergic)

more antiserotonergic (comparative)
most antiserotonergic (superlative)

(pharmacology) preventing or counteracting the effects of serotonin


hydralazine

en-noun

hydralazine (countable and uncountable, plural hydralazines)

(pharmacology) A direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used to treat hypertension by acting as a vasodilator primarily in arteries and arterioles.


sulfathiazole

sulfathiazole (countable and uncountable, plural sulfathiazoles)

(pharmacology) A short-acting sulfa drug, a common oral and topical antimicrobial prior to the discovery of less toxic alternatives.


echinococcosis

echinococcosis (countable and uncountable, plural echinococcoses)

(pathology) A potentially fatal parasitic disease of animals and humans, caused by the Echinococcus tapeworm.

ekinokokkoosi

a potentially fatal parasitic disease of animals and humans, caused by the Echinococcus tapeworm


benznidazole

From benz- + -nidazole (“metronidazole derivative”).

af

(pharmacology) An antiparasitic medication used in the treatment of Chagas disease.


ivermectin

en-noun

ivermectin (countable and uncountable, plural ivermectins)

Dr. Yu has refused the ivermectin requests, he said, but he knows some of his colleagues have not.

2021 August 30, Emma Goldberg, “Demand Surges for Deworming Drug for Covid, Despite Scant Evidence It Works”, in The New York Times:

Perhaps the most egregious example of shifting the standards of evidence comes when the report discusses the off-label use of drugs such as chloroquine and ivermectin.

2024 December 11, John Timmer, “New congressional report: “COVID-19 most likely emerged from a laboratory””, in Ars Technica:

horse dewormer

descriptive, during the COVID-19 pandemic

(medicine, pharmacology) A compound of the avermectin group, used as an anthelmintic in veterinary medicine and as a treatment for river blindness.


praziquantel

p(y)razi(ne) + qu(inoline) + -antel (“anthelmintic”). The drug was developed by the German pharmaceutical companies Bayer and Merck in the mid-1970s. The name is established as the drug’s international nonproprietary name.

af

Praziquantel, (2-cyclohexylcarbonyl)-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexa-hydro-2H pyrazino[2,1a]isoquinolin-4-one, belongs to a new series of antischistosomal compounds. The results of a detailed study of the efficacy of praziquantel on Schistosoma mansoni in mice, Mastomys and Syrian hamsters are described.

1977 July, R. Gönnert, P. Andrews, “Praziquantel, a New Broad-spectrum Antischistosomal Agent”, in Zeitschrift für Parasitenkunde, volume 52, number 2, →DOI, abstract, page 129:

In the case of schistosomiasis, […] the techniques of molecular biology are being used to seek vaccines, and praziquantel has transformed therapy.

1997, Roy Porter, The Greatest Benefit to Mankind: A Medical History of Humanity from Antiquity to the Present, London: HarperCollins Publishers; republished London: Folio Society, 2016, →OCLC, page 470

The drug praziquantel, which costs only 32 cents per child, would prevent schistosomiasis, a worm disease that starts as a urinary tract infection but, untreated, can lead to female genital sores that make it easier for H.I.V. to enter.

2009 May 26, Donald G[erald] McNeil Jr., “Parasites: Giving a deworming drug to girls could cut H.I.V. transmission in Africa”, in The New York Times, archived from the original on 2011-03-27:

(pharmacology) An anthelmintic medication used to treat a number of types of parasitic worm infections, including clonorchiasis, cysticercosis, opisthorchiasis, schistosomiasis, and tapeworm infections.


amoxapine

(pharmacology) An antidepressant drug of the tricyclic class.


brotizolam

From bro(mo)- + -tizolam (“diazepam derivative”).

(pharmacology) A thienodiazepine drug with anxiolytic, anticonvulsant and sedative properties.


etizolam

From eth(yl) + -tizolam (“diazepam derivative”).


triazolam

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) A benzodiazepine C₁₇H₁₂Cl₂N₄ used as a sleep-inducing agent in the short-term treatment of insomnia.


suramin

Probably from su(lfonic acid) + ur(ea) + amin(e).

(pharmacology) Synonym of suramin sodium.


amifostine

From ami(no)- + -fos- (“phosphorous derivative”) + thi- + -ine.

(pharmacology) A cytoprotective adjuvant used in cancer chemotherapy.


coadapted

(genetics) Describing a genetic adaptation that is the result of beneficial interactions between the organisms of a community.

(genetics) Describing the associated interactions between genes of different loci.


cosegregate

en-verb

cosegregate (third-person singular simple present cosegregates, present participle cosegregating, simple past and past participle cosegregated)

cosegregates (present singular third-person)
cosegregating (participle present)
cosegregated (participle past)
cosegregated (past)

(genetics, of genes and their markers) To segregate (be inherited) together


cotransfer

en-noun

cotransfer (countable and uncountable, plural cotransfers)

(genetics) The transfer of linked genes.


cotransfer

en-verb

cotransfer (third-person singular simple present cotransfers, present participle cotransferring, simple past and past participle cotransferred)

cotransfers (present singular third-person)
cotransferring (participle present)
cotransferred (participle past)
cotransferred (past)


anastrozole

From [Term?] + -rozole (“imidazole-triazole derivative”).

af

(pharmacology) A nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor C₁₇H₁₉N₅ (trademark Arimidex) used to treat breast cancer after surgery and for metastases in postmenopausal women.


cimetidine

en-noun

cimetidine (countable and uncountable, plural cimetidines)

Until Tagamet (cimetidine), most major drug companies didn't take tummy troubles terribly seriously.

1985, Joe Graedon, Teresa Graedon, The New People's Pharmacy: Drug Breakthroughs for the '80s, Bantam, →ISBN, page 134:

(pharmacology) A histamine H₂-receptor antagonist that inhibits the production of acid in the stomach, mainly used to treat heartburn and peptic ulcers, but notorious for causing male impotence. It is a histamine analog, a sulfur-containing derivative of imidazole.


hydroxychloroquine

More on Malaria: Sterling-Winthrop Research Institute reports a new, effective antimalarial. Called hydroxychloroquine, its activity (with experimental animals) is equal to that of chloroquine, but it is much safer in large doses. Hydroxychloroquine can be taken orally or by injection and is retained in the blood for a longer period of time than chloroquine.

1951, Chemical Week, volume 69, page 28:

Seventy-five patients suffering from P. falciparum malaria were treated at Gressier, Haiti, with a single oral dose of hydroxychloroquine, which has the chemical structure 7-chloro-4 (4'-(N-ethyl-N-B-hydroxyethylamino)-1-methylbutylamino)-quinoline diphosphate.

1952, E. H. Loughlin, “The Treatment of Plasmodium falciparum Malaria with a Single Dose Antimalarial”, in Antibiotics and Chemotherapy, volume 2, number 4, page 171:

It is the purpose of our report to describe the effects of hydroxychloroquine sulfate in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis, and to compare these effects with those in a similar group of patients who received chloroquine phosphate for 18 months.

1957 April, Arthur L. Scherbel, “Comparison of effects of two anti-malarial agents, hydroxychloroquine sulfate and chloroquine phosphate, in patients with rheumatoid arthritis”, in Cleveland Clinic Quarterly, volume 24, page 98:

Mr. [Donald] Trump’s recommendation of hydroxychloroquine, for the second day in a row at a White House briefing, was a striking example of his brazen willingness to distort and outright defy expert opinion and scientific evidence when it does not suit his agenda.

2020 April 5, “Ignoring Expert Opinion, Trump Again Promotes Use of Hydroxychloroquine”, in The New York Times:

rheumatoid arthritis
rheumatoid arthritis

(pharmacology) A drug derived from quinolone that is taken orally in the form of its sulfate C₁₈H₂₆ClN₃O·H₂SO₄ to treat malaria, rheumatoid arthritis, and lupus erythematosus.


fenamic acid

nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) 2-(phenylamino)benzoic acid, The parent structure for several nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, including mefenamic acid, tolfenamic acid, flufenamic acid, and meclofenamic acid.


zomebazam

From [Term?] + me(thyl) + b(is)- + -azam (“diazepam derivative”).

af

(pharmacology) A pyrazolodiazepinone-derived drug, structurally related to certain benzodiazepine analogues.


pralidoxime

(pharmacology) An oxime used in conjunction with atropine to combat poisoning by organophosphates or acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (nerve agents).


atropinization

(medicine) Physical effects caused by atropine, including flushing, mydriasis, tachycardia, and dryness of the mouth and nose.


vigabatrin

Probably from vi(nyl) + GABA + tr(ansaminase) + in(hibitor).

gamma-aminobutyric acid
gamma-aminobutyric acid

(pharmacology) An anticonvulsant drug C₆H₁₁NO₂ that inhibits enzymatic degradation of gamma-aminobutyric acid.


succuss

en-verb

succuss (third-person singular simple present succusses, present participle succussing, simple past and past participle succussed)

succusses (present singular third-person)
succussing (participle present)
succussed (participle past)
succussed (past)

From Latin succutere (“to shake up”), from sub- + quatere (“to shake”).

(transitive, medicine) To shake a patient to detect fluids or air in the body.


esomeprazole

From es- (“S-configuration”) + omeprazole.

(pharmacology) An isomer of omeprazole (trademark Nexium) that is administered in the form of its magnesium salt (C₁₇H₁₈N₃O₃S)₂Mg especially in the treatment of erosive esophagitis, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and duodenal ulcer.


isocarboxazid

From iso(xazole) + carbox(yl) + (hydr)azid(e).

af

(pharmacology) An antidepressant drug C₁₂H₁₃N₃O₂.


ketoconazole

From keto- + -conazole (“miconazole derivative”).

(pharmacology) A synthetic broad-spectrum antifungal agent C₂₆H₂₈Cl₂N₄O₄ used to treat chronic internal and cutaneous infections.


ototoxicity

en-noun

ototoxicity (countable and uncountable, plural ototoxicities)

(medicine) Damage to the ear, specifically the cochlea and sometimes the vestibular system, by a toxin.


antihistaminic

(pharmacology) Of or pertaining to antihistamines.


fosphenytoin

From fos- (“phosphorous derivative”) + phenytoin.

af

(pharmacology) A water-soluble phenytoin prodrug used only in hospitals for the treatment of epileptic seizures.


oxcarbazepine

(pharmacology) An anticonvulsant and mood-stabilizing drug used primarily in the treatment of epilepsy, a structural derivative of carbamazepine.


sotalol

Probably from so(r)ta + -alol (“beta blocker”), for it is "sort of" a beta blocker due to its additional potassium channel blocking effects.

beta-adrenergic blocking agent
beta blocker

(pharmacology) A beta-adrenergic blocking agent administered in the form of its hydrochloride C₁₂H₂₀N₂O₃S·HCl to treat ventricular arrhythmias.


tranylcypromine

From tran(s)- + (phe)nyl + cy(clo)pro(pane) + (a)mine.

(pharmacology) An antidepressant drug that is an inhibitor of monoamine oxidase and is administered in the form of its sulfate (C₉H₁₁N)₂·H₂SO₄


cerivastatin

From [Term?] + -vastatin (“HMG CoA reductase inhibitor”).

(pharmacology) A synthetic statin formerly used to lower cholesterol and prevent cardiovascular disease, later withdrawn due to the risk of rhabdomyolysis.


delavirdine

From [Term?] + -vir- (“antiviral”) + (pyri)dine.

(pharmacology) A nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor used to treat HIV.


vaptan

From contraction of vasopressin receptor antagonist.

(pharmacology) Any of a group of medications that act by inhibiting the action of vasopressin on its receptors.


zotarolimus

/ˌzəʊ.təˈɹəʊ.lɪm.əs/

From zota- (“alteration of tetrazole”) + -rolimus (“rapamycin derivative”).

(pharmacology) An immunosuppressant, a semisynthetic derivative of rapamycin.


rifapentine

From rifa- (“rifamycin derivative”) + (cyclo)pent(yl) + -ine.

(pharmacology) An antibiotic drug used in the treatment of tuberculosis.


gemfibrozil

/d͡ʒɛmˈfɪb.ɹəˌzɪl/

Probably from gem- (of unknown origin) + -fibrate (“clofibrate derivative”) + -o- + -zil (“alteration of xylene”).

The last compound, gemfibrozil is the sole antilipidemic compound found (up to 3 ng/L) in a USA survey of 18 DWTPs whereas atorvastatin, simvastatin and their metabolites, the other studied compounds, were absent (Benotti et al., 2009). In our study, the two statins identified at the intake of the DWTP were eliminated by dioxychlorination (>99%) whereas bezafibrate, clofibric acid and gemfibrozil were only moderately removed with percentages of 37%, 68% and 11%, respectively although it has been reported that gemfibrozil and clofibric acid are readily oxidized with chlorine dioxide in spiked drinking water whereas bezafibrate remains unchanged (Huber et al., 2005a).

2011 June 7, Ma Rosa Boleda, Ma Teresa Galceran, Francesc Ventura, “Behavior of pharmaceuticals and drugs of abuse in a drinking water treatment plant (DWTP) using combined conventional and ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis (UF/RO) treatments”, in Environmental Pollution, volume 159, number 6, →DOI, pages 1584-1591:

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) A drug C₁₅H₂₂O₃ that regulates blood serum lipids and is used especially to lower the levels of triglycerides and increase the levels of HDLs.


demeclocycline

From de(s)me(thyl) + chlo(rtetra)cycline.

(biochemistry, pharmacology) A broad-spectrum tetracycline antibiotic produced by an actinomycete Kitasatospora aureofaciens and used especially in the form of its hydrochloride C₂₁H₂₁ClN₂O₈·HCl.


lipodystrophy

en-noun

lipodystrophy (countable and uncountable, plural lipodystrophies)

2007, Vinaya Simha, Anil K. Agarwal, 18: Inherited and Acquired Lipodystrophies: Disorders of Adipose Tissue Development, Differentiation, and Death, Giamila Fantuzzi, Theodore Mazzone (editors), Adipose Tissue and Adipokines in Health and Disease, Springer (Humana Press), page 237,
Among genetic lipodystrophies, the fat loss is observed either since birth as in congenital generalized lipodystrophy, or it occurs later in life as in familial partial lipodystrophy.

HIV-associated lipodystrophy is a syndrome of fat redistribution associated with antiretroviral therapy. Although many of the complications occur most commonly with protease inhibitors, lipodystrophy is associated with all antiretroviral classes.

2007, Joseph Z. Lux, Michael P. Mullen, “Chapter 36: Lipodystrophy, Metabolic Disorders, and Cardiovascular Disorders in Persons with HIV”, in Mary Ann Cohen, Jack M. Gorman, editors, Comprehensive Textbook of AIDS Psychiatry, Oxford University Press, page 529:

2012, Ashton Acton (editor), Lipodystrophy: New Insights for the Healthcare Professional, ScholarlyEditions, 2012 Edition, page 2,
The autosomal recessive congenital generalized lipodystrophy and autosomal dominant familial partial lipodystrophy (FPL) are the two most common types of genetic lipodystrophies.

(pathology) A disorder characterized by abnormal or degenerative conditions of the body's adipose tissue.

lipodystrofia

disorder characterized by abnormality in or degeneration of adipose tissue


noncompaction

(medicine) A disorder in which the heart muscle fails to undergo the usual compaction and remains spongy rather than solid, leading to cardiomyopathy.


telithromycin

(pharmacology) The first ketolide antibiotic to enter clinical use, a semisynthetic erythromycin derivative used to treat mild to moderate respiratory infections.


cethromycin

(pharmacology) A certain ketolide antibiotic.


rifamycin

From French Rififi (“a French crime film”) + am(ino)- + -mycin (“antibiotic”).

af

(pharmacology) Any of a group of antibiotics, a subclass of the ansamycins, which are synthesized either naturally by the bacterium Amycolatopsis mediterranei or artificially.


enoxaparin

en-noun

enoxaparin (countable and uncountable, plural enoxaparins)

From enoxa- (of unknown origin) + -parin (“heparin derivative”).

af

deep vein thrombosis
deep vein thrombosis

(pharmacology) A fragment of heparin of low molecular weight (trademark Lovenox) that is administered by subcutaneous injection in the form of its sodium salt especially to prevent and treat deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism following surgery.


gangliosidosis

en-noun

gangliosidosis (countable and uncountable, plural gangliosidoses)

(medicine) A disorder caused by the accumulation of gangliosides.


gancyclovir

(medicine) An antiviral drug used to treat cytomegalovirus infections


macroglial cell

macroglial cell (plural macroglial cells)

Thus, the ability to potentiate synaptic activity was specific to macroglial cells.

1997 September 12, Frank W. Pfrieger, Barbara A. Barres, “Synaptic Efficacy Enhanced by Glial Cells in Vitro”, in Science, volume 277, number 5332, →DOI, pages 1684–1687:

(neurology) An astrocyte, oligodendrocyte or other glial cell that is not a microglial cell.


tolvaptan

(pharmacology) A certain vaptan drug used to treat hyponatremia and potentially polycystic kidney disease.


conivaptan

From coni- (of unknown origin) + -vaptan.

(pharmacology) A certain vaptan drug used to treat hyponatremia caused by SIADH with possible further applications in heart failure.


mefenamic acid

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) A nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug used to treat pain, including menstrual pain.


tolfenamic acid

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) A nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug used to treat migraine.


flufenamic acid

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) A nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that is a pale yellow crystalline powder.


meclofenamic acid

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) A drug that inhibits the synthesis of prostaglandins, used to treat joint and muscle pain.


SIADH

(medicine) Initialism of syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone hypersecretion.


hyperexcretion

But hyperexcretion of lysosomal enzymes could reflect much more complex mechanisms.

1991, Michinobu Hatano, Nishio Honda, Nephrology: proceedings of the XIth International Congress of Nephrology:


pedicle

From Latin pedīculus (“little foot”), diminutive of pēs.

(surgery) Part of a skin or tissue graft temporarily left attached to its original site.


fosaprepitant

From fos- (“phosphorous derivative”) + aprepitant.

af

(pharmacology) A prodrug of aprepitant, administered intravenously as an antiemetic.


archenteric

(anatomy) Of or pertaining to an archenteron.


festinant

en-adj

festinant (comparative more festinant, superlative most festinant)

more festinant (comparative)
most festinant (superlative)

In the latter half of May, reading became difficult because of uncontrollable hurry and perseveration: once he had started to read he would read faster and faster without regard for the sense or syntax, and unable to stop this festinant reading he would have to shut the book with a snap after each sentence or paragraph, so that he could digest its sense before rushing ahead.

(medicine) Exhibiting festination; having shortened stride and quickened gait.


Salla disease

After Salla, a municipality in Finnish Lapland.

(medicine) An autosomal-recessive lysosomal storage disease characterized by early physical impairment and mental retardation.


retinoschisis

en-noun

retinoschisis (countable and uncountable, plural retinoschises)

(medicine) An eye disease characterized by the abnormal splitting of the retina's neurosensory layers, usually in the outer plexiform layer, sometimes resulting in partial loss of vision.


tuberoinfundibular

(neuroanatomy) Of or pertaining to the tuberal and infundibular regions of the brain.


TFT

TFT (countable and uncountable, plural TFTs)

(medicine) Initialism of thyroid function test.


neurosarcoidosis

(medicine) A sarcoidosis affecting the central nervous system.


trochlear nerve

trochlear nerve (plural trochlear nerves)

superior oblique muscle
superior oblique muscle

(neuroanatomy) Each of the fourth pair of cranial nerves that innervate the superior oblique muscle of the eye with motor fibers.


pentoxifylline

(pharmacology) A xanthine derivative used to treat vascular dementia and intermittent claudication resulting from obstructed arteries in the limbs.


adalimumab

From ada- (of unknown origin) + -lim- (“immunomodulating”) + -umab (“human monoclonal antibody”).

af

genetically engineered
genetically engineered

tumor necrosis factor
tumor necrosis factor

(pharmacology) An immunosuppressive drug (trademark Humira) that is a genetically engineered monoclonal antibody administered by subcutaneous injection to treat the symptoms of various autoimmune diseases (such as rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease, and psoriasis). It acts by binding to and blocking the activity of tumor necrosis factor.


golimumab

From [Term?] + -lim- (“immunomodulating”) + -umab (“human monoclonal antibody”).

(pharmacology) A genetically engineered monoclonal antibody (trademark Simponi) that inhibits the activity of tumor necrosis factor and is administered by subcutaneous injection to treat rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and ulcerative colitis.


xenology

From xeno- + -logy. Coined prior to 1974 and later popularized by Robert Freitas.

(genetics) Homology from horizontal gene transfer.


xenologue

horizontal gene transfer
horizontal gene transfer

(genetics) A type of ortholog where the homologous sequences are found in different species because of horizontal gene transfer.


cardioactive

en-adj

cardioactive (comparative more cardioactive, superlative most cardioactive)

more cardioactive (comparative)
most cardioactive (superlative)


carpo-

Combining form of Ancient Greek καρπός (karpós, “wrist”).

(chiefly medicine) carpus (wrist) or hand.


-zygous

(genetics) Having a specified state of allele pairs in the nucleus.

(anatomy) Having a specified state of physical pairing of structures.


karyoplast

(cytology) A cellular nucleus together with a plasma membrane containing a small amount of cytoplasm


deimination

(biochemistry, genetics) The removal or conversion of an imine group; especially the post-translational modification of the amino acid arginine in a protein into the amino acid citrulline


reconstituent

(archaic, medicine) A medicinal remedy that restores the constitution.


argyria

en-noun

argyria (usually uncountable, plural argyrias)

(dermatology) A condition caused by excessive exposure to chemical compounds of the element silver, or to silver dust, the most dramatic symptom of which being that the skin turns purple or purple-grey.


argyric

From the Ancient Greek ἀργυρικός (argurikós); compare argyr-.

(pathology) Of, pertaining to, or afflicted with argyria.


anephric

(pathology) Without functioning kidneys.


supraorbital

(anatomy) Located immediately above the eye sockets, where in humans the eyebrows are located.

眶上

located immediately above the eye sockets


bepridil

Probably from be(nzyl) + p(y)rr(ol)id(ine) + -dil (“vasodilator”).

af

calcium channel blocker
calcium channel blocker

(pharmacology) A nonselective calcium channel blocker formerly used to treat angina.


mivacurium

From [Term?] + -curium (“curare-like substance”).

(pharmacology) A bisbenzylisoquinolinium-based neuromuscular blocker or muscle relaxant.


embolization

en-noun

embolization (countable and uncountable, plural embolizations)

(surgery) A nonsurgical, minimally invasive procedure that affects the selective occlusion of blood vessels by purposely introducing emboli.


selegiline

Probably from sele(ctive) + -giline (“MAO inibitor type B”).

af

(pharmacology) The levorotatory form of the monoamine oxidase inhibitor deprenyl that is administered in the form of its hydrochloride C₁₃H₁₇N·HCl as an adjuvant to therapy using the combination of ʟ-dopa and carbidopa in the treatment of Parkinson's disease and is sometimes used alone to treat endogenous depression or to treat dementia associated with Alzheimer's disease.


propylhexedrine

From propyl + (cyclo)hex(ane) + (eph)edrine.

(pharmacology) An adrenergic compound that is a sympathomimetic with varied medicinal uses.


co-amoxiclav

From co- and a blend of amoxicillin + clavulanate.

(pharmacology) A combination antibiotic containing amoxicillin trihydrate, a beta-lactam antibiotic, and potassium clavulanate, a beta-lactamase inhibitor.


anaplerotic

From anaplerosis, from Ancient Greek ἀνά (aná, “up”) + πληρόω (plēróō, “to fill”).

(medicine, dated) Filling up; promoting granulation of wounds or ulcers.


indatraline

From inda(ne) + -traline (“serotonin reuptake inhibitor”).

(pharmacology) A nonselective monoamine reuptake inhibitor that has been shown to block the reuptake of dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin with effects similar to those of cocaine.


tametraline

From [Term?] + -traline (“serotonin reuptake inhibitor”).

(pharmacology) A catecholamine reuptake inhibitor, the parent of a series of chemical compounds that eventually led to the development of sertraline.


cefozopran

From cef- (“cefalosporanic acid derivative”) + -o- + (imida)zop(y)r(id)a(zi)n(e).

(pharmacology) A fourth-generation cephalosporin.


procyclidine

From pro(pane) + cycl(ohexyl) + -clidine (“muscarinic receptor agonist/antagonist”).

(pharmacology) An anticholinergic drug mainly used to treat drug-induced parkinsonism, akathisia and acute dystonia.


valproate

From valproic acid + -ate (“salt or ester”).

(chemistry, pharmacology) Any salt or ester of valproic acid.


primaquine

From Latin prima (“the first”) + -quine (“quinoline derivative”).

(pharmacology) A synthetic compound derived from quinoline, used as a medication in the treatment of malaria and pneumocystis pneumonia.


pamaquine

(pharmacology) A drug used for the treatment of malaria, closely related to primaquine; it was the first synthetic antimalarial.


tafenoquine

(pharmacology) A drug being investigated as a potential treatment and prevention for malaria.


coarctation

en-noun

coarctation (countable and uncountable, plural coarctations)

/ˌkəʊ.ɑːkˈteɪ.ʃən/

/ˌkəʊ.ɑːkˈteɪ.ʃn̩/

/ˌkoʊˌɑɹkˈteɪ.ʃən/

Borrowed from Latin coarctātiō (“drawing or crowding together”, noun), from coarctō (“to press together, compress, contract, confine”) + -ātiō (“-ation”, action noun suffix); equivalent to coarctate + -ion.

af

(pathology) A congenital stricture or narrowing of a short section of the aorta.


desoxypipradrol

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) 2-diphenylmethylpiperidine, a psychoactive drug and research chemical of the piperidine class.


angiolipoleiomyoma

(pathology) An acquired solitary asymptomatic acral nodule, characterized histologically by well-circumscribed subcutaneous tumours composed of smooth muscle cells, blood vessels, connective tissue, and fat.


bromocriptine

en-noun

bromocriptine (countable and uncountable, plural bromocriptines)

We have observed that treatment with bromocriptine and levodopa prolongs the antitremor effectiveness of levodopa in monkeys with unilateral VMT lesions of the brain stem.

2012, Franz Hefti, William J. Weiner, Progress in Parkinson Research, page 64:

(pharmacology) A drug used in the treatment of parkinsonism, galactorrhea, and other conditions. It is a synthetic analog of the ergot alkaloids and stimulates the dopaminergic receptors of the brain, inhibiting the release of prolactin.


cadralazine

(pharmacology) A certain antihypertensive drug.


amrinone

congestive heart failure
congestive heart failure

(pharmacology) A type 3 pyridine phosphodiesterase inhibitor used to treat congestive heart failure.


ticarcillin

From thi(ophene) + car(boxy) + -cillin (“6-aminopenicillanic acid derivative”).

af

(pharmacology) A semisynthetic antibiotic used especially in the form of its disodium salt C₁₅H₁₄N₂Na₂O₆S₂.


buformin

From bu(tyl) + -formin (“phenformin derivative”).

(pharmacology) An antidiabetic drug of the biguanide class.


talarozole

From [Term?] + -rozole (“imidazole-triazole derivative”).

(pharmacology) An investigational drug for the treatment of acne, psoriasis and other keratinization disorders.


methyldopa

/ˌmiː.θʌɪlˈdəʊ.pə/

/ˌmɛθ.ʌɪlˈdəʊ.pə/

/ˌmɛθ.əlˈdəʊ.pə/

(pharmacology) The compound 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-methyl-L-alanine, C₁₀H₁₃NO₄, which is used as an antihypertensive agent.


polyarthritis

en-noun

polyarthritis (countable and uncountable, plural polyarthritides)

(pathology) Any arthritis affecting five or more joints, often caused by an autoimmune disorder.


Zellweger syndrome

Named after Hans Zellweger (1909–1990), a Swiss-American pediatrician who researched the condition.

(medicine) A rare congenital disorder characterized by the reduction or absence of peroxisomes in the cells of the liver, kidneys, and brain and the inability to beta-oxidize very-long-chain fatty acids.


miglustat

From [Term?] + -stat (“enzyme inhibitor”).

(pharmacology) A drug used primarily to treat certain kinds of Gaucher's disease by inhibiting glucosylceramide synthase, an essential enzyme for the synthesis of most glycosphingolipids.


cilazapril

(pharmacology) A pyridazine ACE inhibitor used for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.


lymphocytosis

lymphocytosis (countable and uncountable, plural lymphocytoses)

In disease of the spleen, especially Banti's disease or fibro-adenia of the spleen, the increase of leukocytes is absent or slight, with no relative lymphocytosis.

1923, International Medical Digest, page 316:

(pathology) An increase in the number or proportion of lymphocytes in the blood.


ketonuria

ketonuria (usually uncountable, plural ketonurias)

(medicine) A medical condition in which ketone bodies are present in the urine.


fibroidectomy

(surgery) Surgical removal of a fibroid; myomectomy.


carpometacarpus

(anatomy) The fusion of digits (carpals and metacarpals) that forms the wing in birds.


mutilin

(medicine) Any of a family of polycyclic ketone drugs used to treat microbial infections


myeloblastosis

(medicine) The presence of an abnormally large number of myeloblasts in the body


Turner syndrome

Named after Henry Turner who first described the condition in 1938.

(medicine, medical genetics) A particular genetic condition, caused by partially or completely missing an X chromosome (monosomy), that leads to sterility and other issues.


tonsillolith

In a 2008 case report from India, doctors described removing a giant tonsillolith that was making it painful for a young patient to swallow.

2009 September 1, Elizabeth Svoboda, “In Tonsils, a Problem the Size of a Pea”, in New York Times:

(dentistry) A calculus that forms in the rear of the mouth, in the crevasses of the palatine tonsils.


anoikic

Moreover, another process, autophagy — in which the cell digests some of its own components — is observed in anoikic cells.

2009 September 2, Eyal Gottlieb, “Cancer: The fat and the furious”, in Nature, volume 461, number 7260, →DOI, pages 44–45:

(cytology) Exhibiting anoikis, the form of apoptosis that occurs when a cell comes loose from its anchorage


anoikis

Pseudo-Greek coinage intended to have the sense of "homelessness". Compare Ancient Greek ἄνοικος (ánoikos, “homeless wanderer”).

cog

Loss of matrix attachment of cultured epithelial cells activates a caspase-mediated apoptotic program known as anoikis.

2009 August 19, Zachary T. Schafer et al., “Antioxidant and oncogene rescue of metabolic defects caused by loss of matrix attachment”, in Nature, volume 461, number 7260, →DOI, pages 109–113:

(cytology) The form of apoptosis, or programmed cell death, that occurs when a cell becomes dislodged from its matrix

anoiquia

cell death that occurs when a it becomes dislodged from its matrix


tetraloop

(genetics) A four-base hairpin loop motif in RNA secondary structure that caps many double helices


etomoxir

(medicine) A carnitine palmitoyltransferase inhibitor used to protects the heart from fatty acid-induced ischemic injury


eyestalk

(anatomy) A motile stalk having an eye at the tip.


archaeogeneticist

(archaeology, genetics) A geneticist whose speciality is archaeogenetics

archeogenetikus

a geneticist whose speciality is archaeogenetics


homologous recombination

en-noun

homologous recombination (countable and uncountable, plural homologous recombinations)

(genetics) The exchange of DNA between regions of homologous chromosomes that occurs during meiosis.


nepafenac

(pharmacology) A nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug used to treat pain and inflammation associated with cataract surgery.


miroprofen

(pharmacology) A phenylpropionate that is an analgesic and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug.


adrenalectomy

adrenalectomy (countable and uncountable, plural adrenalectomies)

(surgery) The removal of one or both adrenal glands, usually advised for patients with tumours in those glands.


iodixanol

From io- (“iodine-containing contrast medium”).

af

(pharmacology) A radiopaque contrast agent used in medical diagnosis


dihydroergotamine

en-noun

dihydroergotamine (countable and uncountable, plural dihydroergotamines)

Levadex is an new inhaled version of dihydroergotamine, a drug used intravenously to treat migraines.

2009 May 27, Reuters, “Migraine Drug Gains in Test, and Shares in Its Maker Soar”, in New York Times:

(pharmacology) An ergot alkaloid used to treat migraines, believed to act upon serotonin receptors.


methylergometrine

(pharmacology) A synthetic analogue of ergonovine with oxytocic properties.


methysergide

(pharmacology) A prescription drug used for prophylaxis of migraine headaches.


indicanuria

indicanuria (countable and uncountable, plural indicanurias)

(medicine) The presence of unusual amounts of indican in the urine.


nephrocalcinosis

nephrocalcinosis (countable and uncountable, plural nephrocalcinoses)

(medicine) The deposition of calcium salts in the renal parenchyma due to hyperparathyroidism.

(medicine, now more commonly) Diffuse, fine, renal parenchymal calcification on radiology.


mammosphere

(cytology) A clump of mammary gland cells that forms under certain circumstances


phleomycin

phleomycin (countable and uncountable, plural phleomycins)

(medicine) An antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces verticillatus.


cinchophen

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) An analgesic drug used to treat gout in animals (and, until the 1930s, in humans, when it was found to cause liver damage).


Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome

Named after Dr. Robert Anderson Aldrich and Dr. Alfred Wiskott.

(medicine) A rare X-linked recessive disease characterized by eczema, thrombocytopenia, immune deficiency, and bloody diarrhea.


dihydroqinghaosu

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) dihydroartemisinin


dihydroartemisinin

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) An antimalarial drug, the active metabolite of all artemisinin compounds, also available as a drug in itself.


pyrosequence

en-verb

pyrosequence (third-person singular simple present pyrosequences, present participle pyrosequencing, simple past and past participle pyrosequenced)

pyrosequences (present singular third-person)
pyrosequencing (participle present)
pyrosequenced (participle past)
pyrosequenced (past)

(transitive, genetics) To produce by pyrosequencing.


tinidazole

From thi- + -nidazole (“metronidazole derivative”).

af

(pharmacology) An antiparasitic drug used against protozoan infections.


gnathoplasty

(surgery) reconstructive surgery to the jaw


somnology

(medicine) The clinical study and treatment of sleep disorders and irregularities.


diflunisal

From diflu(orophe)ny(l) + -sal (“salicylic acid derivative”).

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) A certain nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug.


mephenytoin

From me(thyl) + pheny(l) + -toin (“hydantoin derivative”).

(pharmacology) An anticonvulsant drug C₁₂H₁₄N₂O₂.


ochronosis

/ˌəʊ.kɹə(ʊ)ˈnəʊ.sɪs/

Borrowed from German Ochronosis, from Ancient Greek ὠχρός (ōkhrós, “pale yellow, sallow”) + Ancient Greek νόσος (nósos, “sickness, disease, plague”) + -osis (“disease, condition”).

(medicine, pharmacology) Abnormal brown pigmentation of tissue (especially cartilage and ligaments), specifically that resulting from the accumulation of a melanin-like pigment derived from homogentisic acid in the metabolic disorder alkaptonuria.


ad.

head

ad. (indeclinable, past form, or imperative)

Apocope and other processes of abbreviation.

(imperative, medicine, in prescriptions, also spelt add.) Abbreviation of addantur.

(imperative, medicine, in prescriptions, also spelt add.) Abbreviation of adde.


eclabium

(medicine) The turning outwards of a lip, a deformation accompanying certain forms of ichthyosis.


IPOF

[…] the immediate postoperative fitting (IPOF) type plaster and is similar to the normal rigid plaster dressing without […]

1982, Ian M. Troup, Marjorie A. Wood, Total Care of the Lower Limb Amputee, Pitman, →ISBN, page 65, →ISBN:

(medicine) immediate postoperative fitting


biceps femoris

en-noun

biceps femoris (plural biceps femorum or biceps femoris)

biceps femorum (plural)
biceps femoris (plural)

(anatomy) The flexor of the knee, a two-headed muscle in the back of the upper leg.


levetiracetam

(pharmacology) An anticonvulsant medication used to treat epilepsy.


congenital insensitivity to pain

congenital insensitivity to pain (uncountable)

(pathology) A rare inborn disorder, where one cannot feel pain.


polyhydramnios

(medicine) An excess of amniotic fluid in the amniotic sac.


oligohydramnios

(pathology) A deficit of amniotic fluid in the amniotic sac, causing distinctive deformations of the foetus


diazoxide

(pharmacology) A potassium channel activator which causes local relaxation in smooth muscle by increasing membrane permeability to potassium ions, used as a vasodilator to treat hypertension and in diabetes to decrease the secretion of insulin.


anismus

(medicine) A malfunction of the external anal sphincter and puborectalis muscle during defecation, sometimes causing constipation.


buclizine

From (tert-)bu(tyl) + chl(oro)- + -izine (“diphenylmethylpiperazine derivative”).

af

(pharmacology) An antihistamine that is a piperazine derivative, used as an antiemetic.


promethazine

For quotations using this term, see Citations:promethazine.

(pharmacology) A first-generation H₁ receptor antagonist derived from phenothiazine, used as antihistamine and antiemetic medication with strong sedative effects.


clocinizine

From chlo(ro)- + cin(namyl) + -izine (“diphenylmethylpiperazine derivative”).

(pharmacology) A particular antihistamine drug.


tripelennamine

(pharmacology) A psychoactive drug of the pyridine and ethylenediamine classes, used as an antipruritic and first-generation antihistamine.


chest wall

(medicine) The set of tissues that bound the thoracic cavity, including the rib cage, fascia, muscles etc.


hydroxyzine

en-noun

hydroxyzine (countable and uncountable, plural hydroxyzines)

(pharmacology) A first-generation antihistamine of the piperazine class, used as an antihistamine, antiemetic, anxiolytic, and weak analgesic.


flail chest

(pathology) A severe injury of the rib cage where fragments of ribs become detached from the rest of the cage.


deptropine

From d(ibenzo) + (cycloh)ep(tane) + -trop- (“atropine derivative”) + -ine.

af

(pharmacology) A particular antihistamine drug with anticholinergic properties.


azatadine

(pharmacology) A particular antihistamine drug


niperotidine

From [Term?] + -tidine (“cimetidine derivative”).

(pharmacology) A histamine antagonist, proposed as a treatment for excessive gastric acidity but withdrawn after human trials showed liver damage.


clobenzepam

From chlo(ro)ben(zene) + -(a)zepam (“diazepam derivative”).


hydroxyethylpromethazine

(pharmacology) A promethazine derivative used as an antihistamine.


rupatadine

From [Term?] + -tadine (“tricyclic compound”).

(pharmacology) A second-generation antihistamine used to treat allergies.


levocetirizine

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) A third-generation nonsedative antihistamine.


chlorcyclizine

(pharmacology) A particular antihistamine drug derived from piperazine.


dicyclomine

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) Alternative form of dicycloverine.


antiflatulent

(pharmacology) Serving to prevent flatulence.


antiflatulent

(pharmacology) A drug with this function.


olopatadine

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) A particular antihistamine used in eye drops to treat allergic conjunctivitis.


lafutidine

(pharmacology) A particular H₂ receptor antagonist.


cyclizine

en-noun

cyclizine (countable and uncountable, plural cyclizines)

From cycl- + -izine (“diphenylmethylpiperazine derivative”).

af

(pharmacology) An antiemetic drug used especially in the form of its hydrochloride C₁₈H₂₂N₂·HCl in the treatment of motion sickness.


desloratadine

(pharmacology) An active metabolite of loratadine, used to treat allergies.


nicomorphine

(pharmacology) The 3,6-dinicotinate ester of morphine, a strong opioid agonist analgesic two to three times as potent as morphine.


meclizine

en-noun

meclizine (countable and uncountable, plural meclizines)

(pharmacology) Alternative form of meclozine.


dimenhydrinate

dimenhydrinate (countable and uncountable, plural dimenhydrinates)

From dim(ethyl) + (b)en(z)hydr(yl) + (am)ine + -ate.

af

(pharmacology) A crystalline antihistamine over-the-counter drug used to prevent nausea and motion sickness.


cetirizine

From (a)cet(ic acid) + [Term?] + -izine (“diphenylmethylpiperazine derivative”).

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) A major metabolite of hydroxyzine, an antihistamine used in the treatment of allergies, hay fever, angioedema, and urticaria.


hydromorphinol

(pharmacology) 14-hydroxydihydromorphine, an opiate analogue derived from morphine.


famotidine

From (sul)famo(yl) + -tidine (“cimetidine derivative”).

(pharmacology) An H₂ antagonist C₈H₁₅N₇O₂S₃ (trademark Pepcid) used to inhibit gastric acid secretion especially in the short-term treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcers and gastroesophageal reflux disease and in the treatment of disorders (as Zollinger–Ellison syndrome) involving gastric acid hypersecretion.


sialogogue

(pharmacology) Any drug that increases the flow of saliva.

nyálképző

any drug that increases the flow of saliva


iridocyclitis

en-noun

iridocyclitis (countable and uncountable, plural iridocyclitides)


synechia

synechia (countable and uncountable, plural synechias or synechiae)

From Ancient Greek συνέχεια (sunékheia, “continuity”), from σύν (sún, “with, together”) + ἔχειν (ékhein, “hold”).

der

(pathology) An eye condition in which the iris adheres either to the cornea (anterior synechia) or to the lens (posterior synechia).


methyldihydromorphine

(pharmacology) A semisynthetic opioid drug related to heterocodeine.


nizatidine

Probably from ni(tro)- + -za- (“alteration of (thi)az(ole)”) + -tidine (“cimetidine derivative”).

af

(pharmacology) A substituted furan, C₁₂H₂₁N₅O₂S₂ (trademark Axid), which behaves as a histamine H₂-receptor antagonist and is administered orally in the treatment of duodenal and gastric ulcers.


superiorly

en-adv

superiorly (comparative more superiorly, superlative most superiorly)

more superiorly (comparative)
most superiorly (superlative)

(anatomy, medicine) above; in a superior position.


readthrough

(genetics) The situation where a modified stop codon allows transcription to continue beyond the usual point.


reproductive organ

en-noun

reproductive organ (plural reproductive organs)

Near-synonyms: sex organ, genital

(anatomy) An organ used for sexual reproduction.

عُضُو تَكَاثُر

organ used for sexual reproduction — see also sex organ


Hong Kong foot

→ Thai: ฮ่องกงฟุต (hɔ̂ng-gong-fút)

Calque from Chinese 香港腳／香港脚 (xiānggǎngjiǎo).

(slang, Singapore, Hong Kong, China, pathology) Athlete's foot.


functional reserve

functional reserve (plural functional reserves)

(medicine) The remaining capacity of an organ or body part to fulfil its physiological activity; (especially) in the context of disease, ageing, or impairment.


barograph

A module in the program calculates the load acting on the barograph at the instant of image grabbing .

1999 July, Mahesh M. Bhatia, K.M. Patil, “New On-line Parameters for Analysis of Dynamic Foot Pressures in Neuropathic Feet of Hansen's Disease Subjects”, in Journal of Rehabilitation Research & Development, volume 36, number 3, page 265:

(medicine) An illuminated glass plate covered by a pressure sensitive sheet, used to measure pressure.


backpropagation

backpropagation (countable and uncountable, plural backpropagations)

Experiments show that these ion channels furnish the dendrites with a rich repertoire of electrical behaviors, from essentially passive responses, to subthreshold active responses, to active backpropagation of the action potential (AP) from the soma into the dendrites, to the initiation of APs in the dendritic tree.

2000 October 27, Idan Segev, Michael London, “Untangling Dendrites with Quantitative Models”, in Science, volume 290, number 5492, →DOI, pages 744–750:

(neurology) A phenomenon in which the action potential of a neuron creates a voltage spike both at the end of the axon, as normally, and also back through to the dendrites from which much of the original input current originated.


backpropagate

en-verb

backpropagate (third-person singular simple present backpropagates, present participle backpropagating, simple past and past participle backpropagated)

backpropagates (present singular third-person)
backpropagating (participle present)
backpropagated (participle past)
backpropagated (past)

These results demonstrate that the predicted reduction in synaptic driving force caused by appropriately timed backpropagating APs only slightly increases shunting of proximal synaptic inputs at their site of generation and at the soma.

2001 January 5, “Differential Shunting of EPSPs by Action Potentials”, in Science, volume 291, number 5501, →DOI, →ISSN, pages 138–141:

(neurology, of an action potential) To propagate back through to the dendrites from which the original input was received.


alexipharmic

/əˌlɛksɪˈfɑːmɪk/

/əˌlɛksəˈfɑɹmɪk/

A variant of alexipharmac + -ic (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’ forming adjectives). Alexipharmac is borrowed from the following:
* As a noun, from Middle French alexipharmaque (modern French alexipharmaque (archaic)), and from its etymon Latin alexipharmacon (“antidote”) (whence Late Latin alexipharmacum), from Ancient Greek ἀλεξῐφᾰ́ρμᾰκον (alexĭphắrmăkon, “antidote; (generally) remedy; charm, spell”), a noun use of the neuter of ἀλεξῐφᾰ́ρμᾰκος (alexĭphắrmăkos, “acting as an antidote”), from ἀλέξειν (aléxein) (the active infinitive of ἀλέξω (aléxō, “to defend, guard, protect; to help; to keep off, turn aside, ward off”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂lek- (“to protect”)) + φάρμᾰκον (phármăkon, “drug, whether healing or poisonous; charm, potion, spell; colour, dye”) + -ος (-os, suffix forming certain types of adjectives).
* As an adjective, from French alexipharmaque (archaic), and from its etymon Late Latin alexipharmacus, from Ancient Greek ἀλεξιφάρμακος (alexiphármakos) (see above).

der

ἀλεξῐφᾰ́ρμᾰκον

ἀλεξιφάρμακος

alexipharmac

(pharmacology, chiefly archaic or historical, also figuratively) Synonym of alexipharmac (“a medical remedy for protecting the body, or an antidote, against harmful substances, especially a poison or venom (specifically, that of a snake)”); an antidote.


alexipharmic

en-adj

alexipharmic (comparative more alexipharmic, superlative most alexipharmic)

more alexipharmic (comparative)
most alexipharmic (superlative)

/əˌlɛksɪˈfɑːmɪk/

/əˌlɛksəˈfɑɹmɪk/

der

ἀλεξῐφᾰ́ρμᾰκον

ἀλεξιφάρμακος

alexipharmac

(pharmacology, chiefly archaic or historical) Synonym of alexipharmac (“of or pertaining to an alexipharmac; also, acting as an alexipharmac by protecting against or warding off the ill effects of a harmful substance, especially a poison or venom”)


KUB

(medicine) Initialism of (radiographic study of) kidneys, ureters and bladder.


anisocytosis

en-noun

anisocytosis (countable and uncountable, plural anisocytoses)

/ənˌaɪsəʊsaɪˈtəʊsɪs/

(medicine) Significant size variation of blood cells

anisocitose

significant size variation of blood cells


haemodialysis

haemodialysis (countable and uncountable, plural haemodialyses)

(British spelling, medicine) The use of dialysis to remove waste products from the blood in the case of kidney failure.


triple whammy

Popularized in the Li'l Abner comic strip. By analogy to double whammy.

angiotensin receptor blocker
angiotensin receptor blocker

non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug

(medicine, informal) An ACE inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker, combined with a diuretic and a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, the concurrent use of which may precipitate acute renal failure.


porrigo

porrigo (countable and uncountable, plural porrigos)

(medicine, obsolete) Any of various skin diseases.


bithorax

bithorax complex
bithorax complex#English

(genetics) Only used in bithorax complex


bithorax complex

bithorax complex (plural bithorax complexes)

(genetics) A complex of genes that controls segmentation in fly embryos


decapped

en-adj

decapped (comparative more decapped, superlative most decapped)

more decapped (comparative)
most decapped (superlative)

(genetics) Describing nucleic acid molecules from which a cap has been removed


pterygopalatine

Borrowed from French ptérygo-palatin, from New Latin pterygopalātīnus, from pterygoīdēs (“winglike”) + palātīnus (“relating to the palate”); equivalent to pterygo- + palatine.

af

(anatomy, relational) Of or pertaining to the pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone and the palatine bone.

翼顎 /翼颚

of or pertaining to the pterygoid process and the palatine bone


enprostil

From (all)en(yl) + -prostil (“prostaglandin”).

(pharmacology) A synthetic prostaglandin designed to resemble dinoprostone.


dexlansoprazole

(pharmacology) A drug C₁₆H₁₄F₃N₃O₂S that acts as a proton pump inhibitor to reduce gastric acid secretion and is administered orally in the treatment of heartburn associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease and to promote healing of acid-related erosive esophagitis. It is the dextrorotatory enantiomer of lansoprazole and is marketed under the trademark Dexilant.


sucralfate

From sucr(ose) + al(uminum) + (sul)fate.

(pharmacology) A drug used in the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcers. It is a complex of aluminium hydroxide and a sulfate derivative of sucrose, C₁₂HₘAl₁₆OₙS₈ where m and n are approximately 54 and 75.


tenatoprazole

From [Term?] + -prazole (“benzimidazole derivative”).

gastroesophageal reflux
gastroesophageal reflux

(pharmacology) An imidazopyridine derivative that is a proton pump inhibitor, used in Japan to treat gastroesophageal reflux and peptic ulcer.


sulglicotide

From [Term?] + [Term?] + -tide (“peptide, glycopeptide”).

(pharmacology) A drug used to treat peptic ulcer and gastroesophageal reflux.


rabeprazole

/ɹəˈbɛp.ɹəˌzoʊl/

(pharmacology) A proton pump inhibitor (trademark AcipHex) that inhibits gastric acid secretion and is taken orally in the form of its sodium salt C₁₈H₂₀NaN₃O₃S especially to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease, duodenal ulcers, and disorders (such as Zollinger–Ellison syndrome) involving gastric acid hypersecretion.


dinoprostone

(pharmacology) A naturally-occurring prostaglandin, PGE2, with important effects in labour (softening the cervix and causing uterine contraction), sometimes used as an abortifacient.


pirenzepine

Blend of pi(pe)razine + ben(zodia)zepine.

blend

(pharmacology) A drug used in the treatment of peptic ulcers, one of the muscarinic receptor antagonists.


nonbenzodiazepine

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) A drug that is not a benzodiazepine: specifically, an imidazopyridine, pyrazolopyrimidine or cyclopyrrolone, which have similar effects.


lansoprazole

From [Term?] + -prazole (“benimidazole derivative”).

af

(pharmacology) A particular proton pump inhibitor C₁₆H₁₄F₃N₃O₂S (trademark Prevacid) similar to omeprazole that prevents the stomach from producing acid.


glycyrrhetinic acid

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) A pentacyclic triterpenoid derivative of the beta-amyrin type obtained from the hydrolysis of glycyrrhizic acid, used in flavoring to mask bitter tastes and in the treatment of peptic ulcer.


haemoglobinopathy

en-noun

haemoglobinopathy (countable and uncountable, plural haemoglobinopathies)

/ˌhiːməˌɡləʊbɪˈnɒpəθi/

Simpler tools for detecting sickle haemoglobin made analysis of the malaria hypothesis in the context of this haemoglobinopathy that much easier, which has facilitated measurement of the trait against a spectrum of endpoints of protection, such as the infection itself, parasite density in infection, uncomplicated disease, and severe disease, and death.

1996 December 7, Geoffrey Pasvol, “Malaria and resistance genes—they work in wondrous ways”, in The Lancet, volume 348, number 9041, →DOI, page 1533:

Active group membership was operationalized as having attended at least one group meeting during the past year, requesting voluntary inclusion on the group’s roster, and having been formally diagnosed with SCD or a related hemoglobinopathy.

2000 February 7, Joseph Telfair, Marilyn Gardner, “Adolescents with Sickle Cell Disease: Determinants of Support Group Attendance and Satisfaction”, in Health & Social Work, →DOI, page 44:

The clinical phenotypes of over 125 different hemoglobinopathies were interpreted in terms of structural alterations in globin structure.

2016 December 19, Emmanuel Bissé et al., “Hemoglobin Kirklareli (α H58L), a New Variant Associated with Iron Deficiency and Increased CO Binding”, in Journal of Biological Chemistry, →DOI, page 2548:

(British spelling, medicine) Any of a group of inherited disorders in which haemoglobin does not function properly


clonazepam

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) A benzodiazepine with potent anticonvulsant used especially in the treatment of epilepsy and other seizure disorders; C₁₅H₁₀ClN₃O₃. It is a derivative of nitrazepam.


cornify

en-verb

cornify (third-person singular simple present cornifies, present participle cornifying, simple past and past participle cornified)

cornifies (present singular third-person)
cornifying (participle present)
cornified (participle past)
cornified (past)

From corn + -ify, from Latin cornu (“horn”).

No longer in contact with an inner root sheath, the isthmus epithelium cornifies without a granular zone, and the thin cornified layer is composed of compactly arranged cornified cells.

1985, Moschella & Hurley, Dermatology, 2nd edition, volume 1, page 51:

(chiefly medicine) To convert or be converted into horn or a similar substance


acriflavine

(medicine) An antimicrobial flavonoid dye derived from acridine


multigenic

en-adj

multigenic (comparative more multigenic, superlative most multigenic)

more multigenic (comparative)
most multigenic (superlative)

(genetics) Describing an inherited characteristic that is specified by a combination of multiple genes.


posttranscriptionally

(genetics) Subsequent to the transcription of RNA.


tetramutant

(genetics) A gene that has four mutations (often of the same type at different locations)


vergence

en-noun

vergence (countable and uncountable, plural vergences)

From verge (“tend, incline”, from Latin vergere) + -ence, synonym of earlier (1660s) vergency (the equivalent of French vergence). Coined as a technical term in ophthalmology, as a hyperonym of convergence and divergence, in 1902. The sense of the numeric quantity in geometric optics was introduced, from use of the term in physiological optics, in the 1920s.

af

from Latin <i class="Latn mention" lang="la">vergere</i>

(physiology) The simultaneous turning of both eyes when focusing.


polysurgical

(medicine) Of or pertaining to polysurgery.

(medicine, of a patient) Having a polysurgical addiction; repeatedly and deceptively setting up situations where he or she will receive medical attention.


myomectomy

en-noun

myomectomy (countable and uncountable, plural myomectomies)

(surgery) The removal of the uterine myomas.


leukodystrophy

leukodystrophy (countable and uncountable, plural leukodystrophies)

(medicine) Any of a group of disorders characterized by progressive degeneration of the white matter of the brain, caused by imperfect growth or development of the myelin sheath that acts as an insulator around nerve fibres.


antimonial

(dated, chemistry, pharmacology) Of or pertaining to antimony.


cerebrohepatorenal

(medicine) Pertaining to the brain, liver, and kidneys; applied to Zellweger syndrome.


antipest

(public health, pharmacology) Serving to counter or eliminate pests.


angioleiomyoma

angioleiomyoma (plural angioleiomyomas or angioleiomyomata)

angioleiomyomas (plural)
angioleiomyomata (plural)

(medicine) A vascular leiomyoma of the skin, thought to arise from vascular smooth muscle, and generally acquired.


osseoaponeurotic

From the Latin osseus (“bone”), and Ancient Greek ἀπό (apó, “from, away from”) plus νεῦρον (neûron, “sinew, tendon”), literally translated as "the end of the muscle where it becomes tendon".

uder

(anatomy) Pertaining to an object composed of bone and aponeurosis; at the end of a muscle where it becomes tendon.


apneic

en-adj

apneic (comparative more apneic, superlative most apneic)

more apneic (comparative)
most apneic (superlative)

Rarely (in cases which trouble us all) our new tools find themselves applied to bodies which in any prior human era would have become apneic in seconds, pulseless in minutes, rigid in hours, and putrid in days[…].

1994 March 11, Donna Bergen, “On Brain Death”, in Chicago Reader:

In three animals, apneic episodes in the second minute of hypoxia necessitated termination of the hypoxic challenge.

2000 September 15, Chris T. Bond et al., “Respiration and Parturition Affected by Conditional Overexpression of the Ca2 -Activated K Channel Subunit, SK3”, in Science, volume 289, number 5486, →DOI, pages 1942–1946:

(pathology) Exhibiting or relating to apnea: no longer breathing


carpometacarpal

carpometacarpal (comparative more carpometacarpal, superlative most carpometacarpal)

more carpometacarpal (comparative)
most carpometacarpal (superlative)

(anatomy) Of or pertaining to carpometacarpus, fusion of digits.


CFU

colony-forming unit
colony-forming unit#English

(cytology) Initialism of colony-forming unit.


colpo-

From Ancient Greek κόλπος (kólpos, “any hollow space; womb”).


xenogenous

/zɛˈnɒd͡ʒənəs/

(pathology) Caused by a foreign body; originating outside the organism.


meclozine

From me(tho)- + chlo(ro)- + (pipera)zine.

(pharmacology) A piperazine derivative, C₂₅H₂₇ClN₂, with antihistamine properties, used mainly as an antiemetic, especially in preventing motion sickness.


mastocyotosis

en-noun

mastocyotosis (countable and uncountable, plural mastocytoses)

(medicine) Alternative form of mastocytosis


nitazoxanide

From ni(tro)th(i)az(ole) + -oxanide (“salicylanilide or analog”).

af

(pharmacology) A synthetic nitrothiazolyl-salicylamide derivative used as an antiprotozoal agent.


salicylamide

en-noun

salicylamide (countable and uncountable, plural salicylamides)

(pharmacology) A drug with analgesic and antipyretic properties, its medicinal uses being similar to those of aspirin.


abafungin

From [Term?] + -fungin (“antifungal antibiotic”).

af

(pharmacology) A broad-spectrum antifungal agent with a novel mechanism of action for the treatment of dermatomycosis.


oxamniquine

Schistosoma mansoni
Schistosoma mansoni#Translingual

(pharmacology) An anthelmintic drug with schistosomicidal activity against Schistosoma mansoni.


meclonazepam

(pharmacology) A benzodiazepine derivative, similar in structure to clonazepam, with sedative and anxiolytic effects and antiparasitic activity against Schistosoma mansoni.


ceftizoxime

From cef- (“cefalosporanic acid derivative”) + thi(a)z(olyl) + oxime.

(pharmacology) A parenteral third-generation cephalosporin drug.


cefotiam

From cef- (“cefalosporanic acid derivative”) + -o- + thi- + am(ino-).

(pharmacology) A particular second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic.


isavuconazole

From [Term?] + -conazole (“miconazole derivative”).

(pharmacology) A particular triazole antifungal.


cef-

cefalosporanic acid
cefalosporanic acid#English

(pharmacology) Used to form names of cefalosporanic acid derivative used as antibiotics.


cefmenoxime

From cef- (“cefalosporanic acid derivative”) + [Term?] + oxime.

(pharmacology) A particular third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic.


cefmatilen

From cef- (“cefalosporanic acid derivative”).

(pharmacology) An orally active cephalosporin antibiotic.


fentiazac

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) A particular drug used to treat joint and muscular pain.


ceftiofur

From cef- (“cefalosporanic acid derivative”) + thio- + fur(an).

(pharmacology) A third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic used in veterinary medicine.


ceftibuten

From cef- (“cefalosporanic acid derivative”) + thi(azolyl) + buten(oyl).


cefditoren

(pharmacology) A particular third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic for oral use.


cefcapene

From cef- (“cefalosporanic acid derivative”) + ca(rbamate) + p(ent)en(amid)e.


brecanavir

From [Term?] + -navir (“HIV protease inhibitor”).

(pharmacology) A protease inhibitor proposed for the treatment of HIV but discontinued in 2006.


acantholysis

en-noun

acantholysis (usually uncountable, plural acantholyses)

From acanth- (“spine”) + -lysis (“destruction”).

suffix

(medicine) The loss of intercellular connections, resulting in loss of cohesion between keratinocytes, seen in diseases such as pemphigus vulgaris.


pyelonephritis

en-noun

pyelonephritis (countable and uncountable, plural pyelonephritides)

From pyelo- (“relating to the renal pelvis”) + nephritis.

prefix

The urinogenous or ascending nephropathies are divisible into two great groups (a) the hydronephrotic nephropathies and (b) the pyelonephritides.

1913, The American Journal of the Medical Sciences, volume 145, page 54:

The frequent spontaneous resolution of cystopyelic reflux after 10 years of age induces to consider at least part of the apparently primary pyelonephritides as secondary to yet disappeared refluxes and, thus, to allocate in this group most of the so-called atrophic pyelonephritides of the young, often monolateral or mostly affecting one kidney, with sterile urine and almost normal urinary sediment.

1991, G. Piccoli, F. Quarello, G. Beltrame, P. Colombo, T. Cammarota, “16: Reflux nephropathy”, in Alberto Amerio, Pasquale Coratelli, Shaul G. Massry, editors, Tubulo-Interstitial Nephropathies: Proceedings of the 4th Bari Seminar in Nephrology, Springer, page 152:

2001, Jeffery Hughes, 12: Infectious Diseases, N. A. Hughes, Clinical Pharmacy, Macmillan Health, 2nd Edition, page 215,
Primary acute pyelonephritis most commonly occurs in females, with 90% of cases caused by Escherichia coli.

The kidneys of acute pyelonephritis have small white abscesses on the subcapsular surface and on cut surfaces.

2009, J. Charles Jennette, “Chapter 16: The Kidney”, in Emanuel Rubin, Howard M. Reisner, editors, Essentials of Rubin's Pathology, Wolters Kluwer Health, page 372:

Pyelonephritis is most commonly encountered in younger, nulliparous women in their second trimester. Women with a history of pyelonephritis, renal calculi or anatomic malformations are particularly susceptible to the development of pyelonephritis and should therefore be regularly screened on a monthly basis throughout pregnancy.

2010, Bhuvan Pathak, “Chapter 29: Urinary Tract Infections in Pregnancy: From Symptomatic Bacteriuria to Pyelonephritis”, in T. Murphy Goodwin, Martin N. Montoro, Laila Muderspach, Richard Paulson, Subir Roy, editors, Management of Common Problems in Obstetrics and Gynecology, 5th edition, Wiley-Blackwell, page 133:

(pathology) An ascending urinary tract infection of the renal pelvis


cobblestoned

But, beyond gross morphologic observations this is purely speculative and not tested by studies in cobblestoned monolayers.

2005, Carolyn E Patterson, Perspectives on lung endothelial barrier function:


cobblestoning

(medicine) Any lumpy appearance of the trachea, lungs, etc. caused by regular nodules.


artemotil

From arte- (“artemisinin-related compound”) + [Term?] + (e)thyl.

af

Plasmodium falciparum
Plasmodium falciparum#Translingual

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) A fast-acting blood schizonticide specifically indicated for the treatment of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria and cerebral malaria cases.


arteether

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) artemotil


arachnoidian

/əɹækˈnɔɪdɪən/

1997: Chris Horrocks, Introducing Foucault, page 53 (Totem Books, Icon Books; →ISBN
Hmm, false membranes are adhering to the arachnoidian layer of the dura mater. I’m directing my gaze into a world of constant visibility. Where does it hurt?


pulpitis

(dentistry) A reversible or irreversible inflammation of the tooth pulp which is in most cases of endodontic origin but can also be of periodontal origin too. It can lead to apical periodontitis, cysts and tooth loss if not treated.


Chinese restaurant syndrome

en-noun

Chinese restaurant syndrome (uncountable)

Coined by Robert Ho Man Kwok in a 1968 letter to the New England Journal of Medicine.

monosodium glutamate
monosodium glutamate

(medicine, gastroenterology) A supposed syndrome associated with consumption of the westernized version of Chinese food, characterized by various symptoms such as burning and tingling sensations, rapid heartbeat, and drowsiness, and initially ascribed to monosodium glutamate (but possibly just psychosomatic, or hypernatremia from overconsumption of salt).


thalassotherapy

thalassotherapy (countable and uncountable, plural thalassotherapies)

Coordinate term: halotherapy

(medicine) The therapeutic use of seawater.


diphenylcyclopropenone

(organic chemistry, medicine) A diphenyl derivative of cyclopropenone; it is used to treat alopecia areata


alopecia areata

(medicine, dermatology) A form of alopecia in which hair is lost from various areas of the body.


immunocontraception

(medicine) The use of an immune response to facilitate contraception


spinothalamic

(anatomy) Relating to, or connecting the spinal cord and the thalamus.


chemoradiation

(medicine) a combination of chemotherapy and radiation


cisgenic

(genetics) Describing a genetic modification in which genes from other species are not involved

cisgeeninen

of genetic modification without using genes from other species


dysautonomia

autonomic nervous system
autonomic nervous system

(pathology) Any of a range of dysfunctions of the autonomic nervous system


encephalomyelopathy

encephalomyelopathy (countable and uncountable, plural encephalomyelopathies)

/ɛnˌsɛfələˌmaɪəˈlɒpəθi/

(medicine) Any disease that affects both the brain and the spinal cord


leukemogenesis

leukemogenesis (usually uncountable, plural leukemogeneses)

(pathology) The induction and development of leukemia in bone marrow.


antihuman

en-adj

antihuman (comparative more antihuman, superlative most antihuman)

more antihuman (comparative)
most antihuman (superlative)

(immunology, not comparable) Describing an antibody that reacts with any antigen found in (and with some relevant degree of specificity to) humans.


amusical

amusical (comparative more amusical, superlative most amusical)

more amusical (comparative)
most amusical (superlative)

At the meeting, Isabelle Peretz of the University of Montreal reported preliminary results with amusical subjects that may support the hypothesis that the brain contains specific neural pathways for music.

2001 June 1, Michael Balter, “What Makes the Mind Dance and Count”, in Science, volume 292, number 5522, →DOI, pages 1636–1637:


neurocristopathy

(medicine) Any disorder related to the abnormal development of the neural crest.


perivitelline

(anatomy) Situated around (or near) the vitellus.


immunome

(immunology) All the genes and proteins associated with an immune system


timecourse

(medicine) The varying activity of a medicine over time following administration.


translatome

(genetics) The totality of proteins formed by translation of mRNA


unknome

(genetics, neologism) The totality of genes of unknown function in a genome


physiome

(genetics) The totality of physiological functions associated with the genes of a genome


barotrauma

en-noun

barotrauma (countable and uncountable, plural barotraumas)

Of course, one must take care not to inadvertently seal the ear canal with the suction tip, thereby risking "tympanic membrane barotrauma" and possibly sucking out the patient's brains.

1997 September 19, Cecil Adams, “the Straight Dope”, in Chicago Reader:

The timing raised suspicions that the whales had been disoriented by "barotrauma," or pressure injuries to sensitive ear and brain tissues caused by sound waves.

2001 January 26, David Malakoff, “A Roaring Debate Over Ocean Noise”, in Science, volume 291, number 5504, →DOI, pages 576–578:

(pathology) Damage to body tissue caused by a difference in pressure between an air space in or near the body and the surrounding air.

painevaurio

tissue damage caused by air pressure difference


chlorhexidine

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) A particular chemical antiseptic and bacteriostatic.


coup de maitre

(surgery) The introduction of a catheter into the bladder via the urethra.


alendronate

The main treatments now for osteoporosis are drugs called bisphosphonates, like Actonel, Boniva and alendronate, the generic version of Merck’s Fosamax.

2009 August 14, Andrew Pollack, “A Partial Approval for Amgen’s Osteoporosis Drug”, in New York Times:

(pharmacology) The conjugate base, or any salt or ester, of alendronic acid.

alendronic acid

coordinate as an acid versus a base, but synonymous in the practical sense that the conjugate base and conjugate acid coexist in solution


chromo

HP1 shares an ~50-amino acid NH 2 -terminal sequence motif, the chromo domain, with polycomb, an important regulatory gene that functions in the stable repression of homeotic genes during Drosophila development (28 ).

1998 April 24, Angus I. Lamond, William C. Earnshaw, “Structure and Function in the Nucleus”, in Science, volume 280, number 5363, →DOI, pages 547–553:

To determine whether the conserved domains, the chromo, SET, and cysteine-rich regions, were also critical for Clr4 HMTase activity, we tested mutant Clr4 proteins for HMTase activity.

2001 April 6, Jun-ichi Nakayama et al., “Role of Histone H3 Lysine 9 Methylation in Epigenetic Control of Heterochromatin Assembly”, in Science, volume 292, number 5514, →DOI, pages 110–113:

(genetics) Of or relating to the chromodomain, a protein structural domain associated with chromatin production


word salad

word salad (usually uncountable, plural word salads)

From word + salad, based on the notion that salads offer varied bulk, yet do not substantially provide sustained nutrition.

All of his other verbal offerings were continuous word-salad—a mixture of made-up sounds, syllables, words, and incomplete phrases.

2018, Bob Bertolino, PhD, Effective Counseling and Psychotherapy: An Evidence-Based Approach, Springer Publishing Company, →ISBN, page 120:

(psychiatry) A nonsensical assemblage of words, typical of schizophrenia, Wernicke's aphasia, and some other mental disorders.

salade de mots

a nonsensical assemblage of words, typical of schizophrenia


urethrostomy

(surgery) A procedure that creates a permanent opening in the urethra, typically to remove obstructions to the flow of urine.


urolith

nephrolith

sensu stricto, coordinate, but in practice any stone passed in the urine may be called a kidney stone, as the locus of its formation may not yet be known

(biology, medicine) A urinary stone, being any stone passed from the urinary tract, such as a bladder stone or a kidney stone.

A bladder stone as distinguished from a kidney stone or a ureterolith.


seponation

From Danish seponering (“discontinuation”), + -ation.

(pharmacology) Discontinuation, especially of a psychoactive drug.


primidone

(pharmacology) An anticonvulsant drug chemically related (and partially metabolized) to phenobarbital, used in the treatment of epilepsy and essential (idiopathic) tremor.


cauda equina

From Latin cauda equina (literally “horse's tail”), from its appearance like a horsetail.

der

The cauda equina normally begins at the level of the L1/2 disc space, distal to the conus medullaris.

2004, Walter George Bradley, Neurology in Clinical Practice: The neurological disorders, Volume 2, page 1158:

(anatomy) A bundle of nerve roots at the base of the spinal column


nonanedioic acid

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) azelaic acid


supergene

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-supergene.wav

(genetics) A group of neighbouring genes on a chromosome that are inherited together because of close genetic linkage and are functionally related in an evolutionary sense.


egophony

en-noun

egophony (countable and uncountable, plural egophonies)

(medicine) A bleating sound sometimes observed in patients with various lung conditions.


hadrontherapy

hadrontherapy (countable and uncountable, plural hadrontherapies)

(medicine) Any of several forms of radiotherapy that use beams of elementary particles instead of X-rays


pneumorrhagia

pneumorrhagia (countable and uncountable, plural pneumorrhagias)


phleborrhagia

(medicine, obsolete) Hemorrhage of a vein.


-icam

(pharmacology) Used to form names of isoxicam derivatives used as anti-inflammatory agents.


laryngotracheitis

(medicine) The combination of laryngitis and tracheitis.


escitalopram

/ˌɛs.əˈtæl.əˌpɹæm/

From a phonetic spelling of the letter S, with citalopram, since this drug is the (S)-stereoisomer of the earlier drug citalopram.

(pharmacology) A drug that functions as an SSRI and is administered orally in the form of its oxalate C₂₀H₂₁FN₂O·C₂H₂O₄ to treat depression and anxiety.


cheese syndrome

(medicine, informal) A hypertensive crisis caused by the ingestion of foods high in tyramine (such as some cheeses) while the monoamine metabolism is compromised by the use of monoamine oxidase inhibitors.


desvenlafaxine

(pharmacology) A drug that functions as an SNRI and is administered orally chiefly in the form of its succinate C₁₆H₂₅NO₂·C₄H₆O₄·H₂O or fumarate C₁₆H₂₅NO₂·C₄H₄O₄ especially to treat depression. It is the primary active metabolite of venlafaxine. Its succinate is marketed under the trademark Pristiq.


milnacipran

From milna- (of unknown origin) + cy(clo)pr(op)an(e).

af

(pharmacology) A psychoactive drug, an SNRI antidepressant also used to treat chronic pain, especially fibromyalgia.