opsomania

Opsomania is the latest new disease, and hypnotism is its remedy.

1904, Journal of Medicine and Science, volume 10, page 144:

(medicine, dated) A longing for a particular special food.


opsonotherapy

(medicine) treatment by increasing the opsonin levels in the bloodstream


oxyphonia

In the latter case, it is either too strong or too weak, too deep (vox clangosa, if it is at the same time too strong, and raucitas gravis, if it is at the same time too weak), or too high (oxyphonia, which again is divided into vox cuicuriens or rudens, which is at the same time too strong, and raucitas acuta, at the same time too weak).

1833, Francis Lieber, Edward Wigglesworth, Thomas Gamaliel Bradford, Encyclopædia Americana:

Symptoms related to pressure of the thyroid on neighboring structures in the neck include dysphagia, oxyphonia, dyspnea, and a choking sensation.

1984, Seymour I. Schwartz, Principles of surgery - Volume 2, page 1550:

You've produced this redolent oxyphonia in me, this mysterious paroxysm of wicked albuminuria.

2006, Will Alexander, Sunrise in Armageddon, →ISBN, page 90:

Farewell the unspeakable pleasures of ouretic and outlandish, outsoar and oxfordian; forgive my oxyphonia.

2009, Ellis Sharp, Macdonald Daly, Dead Iraqis: Selected Short Stories of Ellis Sharp, page 166:

(medicine) shrillness or high pitch of the voice


ossiculectomy

The above reactions show how important it is that thorough tests should be applied before resorting to ossiculectomy, for it is manifest that when the nerve is involved to a considerable or great extent, but little can be hoped from the operation.

1894, Archives of Otology, volume 23, page 193:

(surgery) The excision of an ossicle (a small bone of the ear) or of the auditory ossicles.


ossiform

en-adj

ossiform (comparative more ossiform, superlative most ossiform)

more ossiform (comparative)
most ossiform (superlative)


osteochondritis

en-noun

osteochondritis (countable and uncountable, plural osteochondritides or osteochondritises)

osteochondritides (plural)
osteochondritises (plural)

(pathology) inflammation of a bone and its cartilage


ostial

(anatomy) Relating to any orifice, or ostium.


uvulo-

(anatomy) Of or pertaining to the uvula.


Bristol stool chart

Bristol stool chart (plural Bristol stool charts)

Devised at Bristol Royal Infirmary, England.

(medicine) A chart (and associated scale) that classifies human faeces, with limited use as a diagnostic aid.


omphalitis

omphalitis (usually uncountable, plural omphalites)

(pathology) inflammation or infection of the umbilicus


ungiectomy

From Latin unguis (“nail, claw, hoof”) + -ectomy.

(surgery) The surgical removal of a fingernail or toenail.


onychosis

onychosis (countable and uncountable, plural onychoses)

Nevertheless pathological changes of the nail-bed play a certain role in the onychoses.

1920, Jean Darier, A Text-book of Dermatology, page 431:

(pathology) Any disease or disorder of the fingernails or toenails.


gryphosis

(pathology) An abnormal thickness and curvature


onotherapy

From Ancient Greek ὄνος (ónos, “ass, donkey”) + therapy.

der

Finally, besides their dairy aptitude, donkeys could also play an important social role as companion animals and could also be used in an emerging form of pet therapy known as onotherapy.

In recent years, there has been a renewed interest towards the products (milk and meat) and social practices (rural tourism, onotherapy, etc.) that this species can offer, although donkey's breeding is still poorly widespread.

2015, Antonella Vastola, The Sustainability of Agro-Food and Natural Resource Systems in the Mediterranean Basin:

(medicine) Donkey riding as physical therapy.


organoplasty

(surgery) The correction of malformations of organs


EDS

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome#English

(medicine) Initialism of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome.

excessive daytime sleepiness
w:excessive daytime sleepiness

(medicine) Initialism of excessive daytime sleepiness.


anterodistal

(anatomy) Situated at the front and away from the body

ântero-distal

situated at the front and away from the body


entepicondylar

From ent- + epicondylar (or possibly via German).

(anatomy) Out of an epicondyle; related to an entepicondyle


heterocoelous

From hetero- (“different”) + -coelous (“hollow”).

confix

(medicine) Relating to vertebrae with centra having saddle-shaped articulations.


laterodistal

(anatomy) At the side and away from the body


posterodistal

(anatomy) away from, and behind (the main part)


ITB

Coordinate term: ITBS

(anatomy) Initialism of iliotibial band.


kinesiotherapy

(medicine) The therapeutic application of kinesiology.


oxalemia

(pathology) The presence of oxalate in the blood


ostealgia

(pathology) Pain coming from one's bone(s).


operably

en-adv

operably (comparative more operably, superlative most operably)

more operably (comparative)
most operably (superlative)

(medicine) Such that it allows an operation to take place.


essential tremor

en-noun

essential tremor (countable and uncountable, plural essential tremors)

Patients with essential tremor will often complain of difficulty with handwriting.

2003, Mary J. Shomon, Jill Marjama-Lyons, What Your Doctor May Not Tell You About(TM): Parkinson's Disease: A Holistic Program for Optimal Wellness, →ISBN:

(medicine, chiefly uncountable) A neurological condition that causes rhythmic shaking of unknown cause in one or more parts of the body during voluntary movements.


cell nucleus

(cytology) A large membrane-enclosed organelle found in eukaryotic cells; a nucleus.


amylinomimetic

(medicine) Any drug that mimics the action of amylin; they are used to counter diabetes


anthrapyrazole

(organic chemistry, medicine) Any of a class of compounds that have a pyrazole ring formed adjacent to two of the rings of an anthracene; many of them are cytotoxic, or have anticancer activity


antidextran

(immunology) Any antibody that targets dextran


Obecalp

(medicine) Any medicine that is a placebo.


favism

(medicine) Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency: an X-linked recessive genetic condition that predisposes a person to hemolysis and resultant jaundice in response to certain triggers.


sitting-rising test

(medicine) A test predicting mortality risk in older people, based on whether and how easily they can sit on the floor and then rise back to a standing position.


back-translation

back-translation (countable and uncountable, plural back-translations)

(genetics) The translation of an amino acid sequence into genetic code.


benzothiadiazide

(organic chemistry, medicine) A bicyclic aromatic heterocycle, some of whose derivatives are pharmaceuticals


antivenomous

en-adj

antivenomous (comparative more antivenomous, superlative most antivenomous)

more antivenomous (comparative)
most antivenomous (superlative)

(pharmacology, immunology) acting against venom


chorioadenoma

en-noun

chorioadenoma (plural chorioadenomas or chorioadenomata)

chorioadenomas (plural)
chorioadenomata (plural)


protonephridium

(anatomy) A type of nephridium composed of a network of flame cells or solenocytes.


solenocyte

(anatomy) A flagellated excretory cell, part of the protonephridium of certain larval animals.


cortectomy

(surgery) Full or partial removal of the cerebral cortex.


culdotomy

By surface analysis, culdo- + -tomy, or, by surface analysis, culd- + -otomy.

Coordinate term: culdocentesis

cul-de-sac of Douglas
cul-de-sac of Douglas

(surgery) vaginal celiotomy into the cul-de-sac of Douglas.


cystourethroscopy

(surgery) cystoscopy of the urethra (and bladder)


cytosmear

(cytology) A sample of cells, in the form of a smear on a microscope slide, that has been stained ready for diagnostic examination


esophagostomy

(surgery) The making of an opening directly into the esophagus


fonticulus

From Latin fonticulus, diminutive of fons.

(anatomy) The depression just over the top of the breastbone.


heteroantibody

(immunology) Any antibody that is active against an antigen from another species than itself


imidazobenzodiazepine

(medicine) Any of various pharmaceutical and veterinary products based on this structure


koniocortex

(anatomy) Any of several granular regions of the cerebral cortex associated with visual, somatic and auditory senses.


melanotropin

melanocyte-stimulating hormone
melanocyte-stimulating hormone#English

(endocrinology, biochemistry) Synonym of melanocyte-stimulating hormone


myelotomy

myelotomy (countable and uncountable, plural myelotomies)


olivomycin

From translingual olivo(reticuli) + -mycin (“antibiotic”).

af

(pharmacology) Any of a class of glycosidic antibiotics obtained from Actinomyces olivoreticuli.


HCG

human leukocyte antigen
human leukocyte antigen#English

(medicine) Abbreviation of HLA complex group. (human leukocyte antigen complex group)

human chorionic gonadotropin
human chorionic gonadotropin#English

(medicine) Abbreviation of human chorionic gonadotropin.


HLA

(medicine) Abbreviation of human leukocyte antigen.


bougienage

en-noun

bougienage (countable and uncountable, plural bougienages)


pallidectomy

(surgery) The electrothermal destruction of the globus pallidus.


ektacytometry

(cytology) A method for measuring the deformability of cells, using shear stress


cytoadhere

en-verb

cytoadhere (third-person singular simple present cytoadheres, present participle cytoadhering, simple past and past participle cytoadhered)

cytoadheres (present singular third-person)
cytoadhering (participle present)
cytoadhered (participle past)
cytoadhered (past)


poliodystrophy

en-noun

poliodystrophy (countable and uncountable, plural poliodystrophies)

(pathology) atrophy of the gray matter of the cerebrum


LEEP

(medicine) Abbreviation of loop electrical (or electrosurgical) excision procedure.


vosoritide

From [Term?] + -ritide (“natriuretic peptide”).

af

It is too soon to say if vosoritide can prevent any of those complications.

2015 June 17, Andrew Pollack, “Drug Accelerated Growth in Children With Dwarfism, Pharmaceutical Firm Says”, in New York Times:

(pharmacology) A drug used to treat dwarfism.


rufinamide

Rufinamide is a triazole derivative structurally unrelated to any currently marketed AED.

2007, C. P. Panayiotopoulos, A Clinical Guide to Epileptic Syndromes and Their Treatment, →ISBN, page 530:

Rufinamide exhibits its anticonvulsant effects through limiting neuronal sodium-dependent action potential firing.

2010, Neonatal and Pediatric Pharmacology: Therapeutic ..., →ISBN, page 547:

(pharmacology) A triazole derivative used as an anticonvulsant


pseudodiverticulum

(anatomy) A pouch that extends along the wall of the intestine from a tumour of smooth muscle


mamillar

The basitemporal platform is flat in posterior view because the mamillar tuberosities are very weakly developed.

2002, T. H. Worthy, The Lost World of the Moa: Prehistoric Life of New Zealand, page 128:


sofosbuvir

From [Term?] + -fos- (“phosphorous derivative”) + -buvir (“RNA polymerase (NS5B) inhibitor”).

Sofosbuvir does not affect cyclosporine or tacrolimus concentrations.

2013, Marina Berenguer, Hepatitis C Virus and Liver Transplantation, →ISBN, page 57:

In the US, sofosbuvir and simeprevir have been approved for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C.

2015, Nicholas J Talley, Essentials of Internal Medicine 3e, →ISBN, page 382:

(pharmacology) A nucleotide analog used in combination with other drugs for the treatment of hepatitis C.


diascope

The diascope (a flat piece of glass) was used to press out the blood and expose the apple-jelly points of marginal growth.

1898, “Cutaneous Tuberculosis by Auto-infection”, in Indiana Medical Journal:

(medicine) A flat piece of glass or transparent plastic, used to examine lesions in the skin


microweb

Anterior commissure microwebs have been reported as an incidental finding in surgical patients with nodules.

1994, The Laryngoscope - Volume 104, Issue 7, page 1369:

Microwebs have been implicated as an etiologic factor in vocal nodules resistant to behavioral management (Bouchayer and Cornut, 2000).

2011, Arnold E. Aronson, Clinical Voice Disorders, →ISBN, page 26:


ventriculocisternostomy

International scientific vocabulary, using a classical compound: ventriculo- + cistern + -ostomy.

interpeduncular cistern
interpeduncular cistern

(surgery) A treatment for hydrocephalus that involves the creation of an opening between the third ventricle and the interpeduncular cistern for drainage of cerebrospinal fluid.


vitreopathy

(pathology) Any disease of the vitreous humour.


orolingual

(anatomy) Relating to the mouth and tongue.


aparasitemic

(parasitology) Having no parasites in the blood


trophodynamics

(physiology) The dynamics of nutrition or of metabolism


erythema nodosum

(pathology) An inflammatory condition characterised by inflammation of the fat cells under the skin, resulting in tender red nodules that are usually seen on both shins.


downstaging

en-noun

downstaging (usually uncountable, plural downstagings)

The goal of downstaging is to decrease the size and number of tumors in patients who do not meet the criteria for transplantation on initial evaluation.

2014, Nicholas J. Zyromski, Handbook of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, →ISBN:

(oncology) A reduction in the stage of a cancer, from a more to a less threatening stage.


immunocompromise

Some types of cancer can lead to immunocompromise.

2003, Virginia Carrieri-Kohlman, Ada M. Lindsey, Claudia M. West, Pathophysiological Phenomena in Nursing, →ISBN:

(medicine) The state of having a compromised immune system.


immunocompromise

en-verb

immunocompromise (third-person singular simple present immunocompromises, present participle immunocompromising, simple past and past participle immunocompromised)

immunocompromises (present singular third-person)
immunocompromising (participle present)
immunocompromised (participle past)
immunocompromised (past)

It is predictable that some of these infections occur in individuals immunocompromised by malnutrition or underlying disease (notably cancer or AIDS) or by immunosuppressive therapy.

2013, Robert H. Rubin, Lowell S. Young, Clinical Approach to Infection in the Compromised Host, →ISBN, page 275:

(medicine, transitive) To cause a compromised immune system.


endotenon

From endo- + Ancient Greek τένων (ténōn, “tendon”).

In the later cases, the transplanted tendon showed a slight hypertrophy of the endotenon and of the blood-vessels (Fig. 2) and was slightly softer than the normal; otherwise no changes were noted.

1916, Leo Mayer, “The physiological method of tendon transplantation”, in Surgery, Gynecology & Obstetrics, volume 22, page 475:

(anatomy) The fine connective tissue between the strands of a tendon.


gevokizumab

From [Term?] + -ki- (“interleukin”) + -zumab (“humanized monoclonal antibody”).

af

(pharmacology) A particular monoclonal antibody.


hypocitraturia

(pathology) A lower than normal level of citrate in the urine


citraturia

(pathology) The presence of citrate (or citric acid) in the urine


hypercitraturia

(pathology) A higher than normal level of citrate in the urine


normomagnesemia

From normo- + magnesemia or normo- + magnes(ium) + -emia.

(biology, medicine) The normal level of magnesium ions in the blood.


pancreaticogastrostomy

From international scientific vocabulary, reflecting New Latin combining forms: pancreatico- + gastro- + -stomy = pancreatico- + gastr- + -ostomy = pancreatico- + gastrostomy.

(surgery) The formation of a connection between the pancreas and the stomach.

classical compound
international scientific vocabulary


subintima

en-noun

subintima (plural subintimas or subintimae)


subintimal

(anatomy) Beneath an intima; relating to a subintima


vesicourethral

(anatomy) Relating to, or connecting, the urinary bladder and the urethra.


mononucleolar

The karyotype was mononucleolar: one obligatory nucleolus (N) was well developed in sec. 3, near the centromere and the telomere in arm G.

2015, Ninel A. Petrova et al., “Karyotypical characteristics of two allopatric African populations of anhydrobiotic Polypedilum Kieffer, 1912 (Diptera, Chironomidae) originating from Nigeria and Malawi”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name), volume 9, →DOI:


multinucleolar

The karyotype of the population is multinucleolar, with two nucleoli (N).


pureblood

(medicine, slang) A person who has refused a COVID-19 vaccine.


antidiabetogenic

en-adj

antidiabetogenic (comparative more antidiabetogenic, superlative most antidiabetogenic)

more antidiabetogenic (comparative)
most antidiabetogenic (superlative)

For example conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), a trans-fatty acid, offers anticarcinogenic, antiatherogenic and antidiabetogenic properties [7 –9 ].

2015 July 2, Kippenberger SZöller NKleemann JMüller JKaufmann RHofmann Met al., “STAT6-Dependent Collagen Synthesis in Human Fibroblasts Is Induced by Bovine Milk”, in PLOS ONE, volume 10, number 7, →DOI:

(medicine) Preventing the onset of diabetes.


pleasure principle

Bork warns that America is in the grip of a radical individualism that recognizes no limit to the right of personal gratification, one for which the pleasure principle is the only principle that counts.

December 28 1998, Richard Lacayo, "Where The Right Went Wrong," Time (retrieved 4 July 2015)

Health, too, was a consideration, though it was very much pleasure-principle health—the right to wring out every last throb of ecstasy from one's knackered organs.

2002 January 26, Howard Jacobson, “A vision that took me back to adolescence, and a lot of American women to childhood”, in Independent, UK, retrieved 2015-07-04:

They can’t seem to decide if the moral imperative is more crucial than the pleasure principle, or the other way around.

2008 March 16, Claire Dederer, "Brownstoners" (book review of The Future of Love by Shirley Abbott), New York Times (retrieved 4 July 2015)

The pleasure principle is, on the whole, a sound one, then: having what you like is fine so long as you don't have too much of it in one go.

2009 January 3, Blake Morrison, “A little of what you fancy”, in Guardian, UK, retrieved 2015-07-04:

(psychology, psychoanalysis, Freudianism, often hyphenated when used attributively) The principle that human decisions and behavior are strongly motivated by the instinctual desire of the id, arising in infancy, to experience pleasure and avoid pain.

快樂原則 /快乐原则

principle that human decisions are motivated by desire


Okazaki fragment

en-noun

Okazaki fragment (plural Okazaki fragments)

Named after Japanese molecular biologist Reiji Okazaki (1930–1975), the leader of its discoverers in the 1960s.

named-after

(genetics, often in the plural) One of many short, newly synthesized DNA fragments formed on the lagging template strand (i.e. lagging strand) during DNA replication.

شَظَايَا أُوكَازَاكِي

one of many newly synthesized DNA fragments formed on the lagging template strand during replication

šaẓāyā ʔūkāzākī

قَطْع أُوكَازَاكِي

qaṭʕ ʔūkāzākī


glycostructure

Intermediate glycostructures have different numbers of galactose, mannose, and sialic acid residues.

2015 July 2, Ligabue-Braun R, Sachett LG, Pol-Fachin L, Verli H, “The Calcium Goes Meow: Effects of Ions and Glycosylation on Fel d 1, the Major Cat Allergen”, in PLOS ONE, volume 10, number 7, →DOI:

(cytology) A structure of glycoproteins.


hydrosonography

RPL women had normal menstrual cycles, no uterine anomalies (by hysterosalpingography, hydrosonography or hysteroscopy) and no antiphospholipid syndrome (APS).

2015 July 2, Nagirnaja L, Nõmmemees D, Rull K, Christiansen OB, Nielsen HS, Laan M, “Annexin A5 Promoter Haplotype M2 Is Not a Risk Factor for Recurrent Pregnancy Loss in Northern Europe”, in PLOS ONE, volume 10, number 7, →DOI:

(medicine) An ultrasound involving the injection of a fluid into the endometrial cavity.


postischemia

Additional control (sham) and postischemia groups received SAA+ cells.

2015 July 2, Kelly KJZhang JHan LKamocka MMiller CGattone VH IIet al., “Improved Structure and Function in Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Rat Kidneys with Renal Tubular Cell Therapy”, in PLOS ONE, volume 10, number 7, →DOI:


photoporation

Light: photoporation uses lasers to permeabilize cell membranes, with two principles described for gene therapy.

2015 July 2, Jumelle CMauclair CHouzet JBernard AHe ZForest Fet al., “Delivery of Molecules into Human Corneal Endothelial Cells by Carbon Nanoparticles Activated by Femtosecond Laser”, in PLOS ONE, volume 10, number 7, →DOI:

(cytology) The process of using light to create pores in a cell membrane


delusionality

JTC was not associated with level of psychotic symptoms or specifically delusionality across the different groups.

2015 July 6, “Data Gathering Bias: Trait Vulnerability to Psychotic Symptoms?”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(psychiatry) The quality or state of being delusional.


cerebellolental

(medicine) Affecting the cerebellum and the lens of the eye; applied to a form of oligophrenia.


etiopathology

en-noun

etiopathology (countable and uncountable, plural etiopathologies)

Blend of etiology + pathology. By surface analysis, etio- + pathology.

However, more work is needed to determine whether methylation in this locus is involved in the etiopathology of mania.

2015 July 6, “Association of DNA Methylation with Acute Mania and Inflammatory Markers”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(medicine) The determination or study of the cause of a pathology.


hemoconcentration

hemoconcentration (countable and uncountable, plural hemoconcentrations)

We thus cannot exclude that the increase of follistatin immediately after the race at least in part was due to hemoconcentration.

2015 July 6, “Changes in Serum Levels of Myokines and Wnt-Antagonists after an Ultramarathon Race”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(pathology) An increase in the amount of large molecules and other solid elements in the blood, as a result of a change in water balance


collateral circulation

collateral circulation (countable and uncountable, plural collateral circulations)

/kəˈlætəɹəl ˈsɝkjʊˌleɪʃən/

(anatomy) The circulation of blood through a network of vessels that is developed through enlargement of secondary vessels and use of existing anastomoses between adjacent vessels when a major vein or artery is functionally impaired, as by obstruction.

Kollateralkreislauf

circulation of blood through enlarged secondary vessels


amplificon

(genetics) The result of gene amplification (by using LAMP)


angioimmunoblastic

Progression-free survival: b peripheral T-cell lymphoma, d angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma, and f others In B-cell lymphoma, the A-LMR has been reported to be a prognostic factor for survival in patients treated with APHSCT.

2015 July 3, Luis F. Porrata et al., “Infused autograft lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio and survival in T-cell lymphoma post-autologous peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cell transplantation”, in Journal of Hematology & Oncology, volume 8, →DOI:

(pathology) Relating to, or characterised by immunoblasts of lymph glands


cervicodorsal

[ 15 ] in 1960 was used in adults for cervicodorsal disorders.

2015 July 2, Hao Zeng et al., “Comparison of three surgical approaches for cervicothoracic spinal tuberculosis: a retrospective case–control study”, in Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research, volume 10, →DOI:

(anatomy) Relating to the neck and the back


hypochloridaemia

This results in hyponatraemia and hypochloridaemia; however, these changes were not seen in calves after experimental bladder rupture [ 31 ].

2015 July 3, Ueli Braun, Karl Nuss, “Uroperitoneum in cattle: Ultrasonographic findings, diagnosis and treatment”, in Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica, volume 57, →DOI:

(pathology) Lower than normal amount of chloride in the blood


chloridaemia

(pathology) The presence of chloride in the blood


antifibrosis

All these evidences suggest that PPAR γ ligands may exert a direct antifibrosis effect to prevent the corneal scar formation.

2015 June 4, Su Zhang, Hongwei Gu, Nan Hu, “Role of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ in Ocular Diseases”, in Journal of Ophthalmology, volume 2015, →DOI:


eucapnia

While the majority of individuals with severe obesity are able to maintain eucapnia, a significant minority will develop obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS), characterized by alveolar hypoventilation (PaCO 2 > 45 mmHg) unexplained by other disorders.

2015 July 4, Vilma E. Ortiz, Jean Kwo, “Obesity: physiologic changes and implications for preoperative management”, in BMC Anesthesiology, volume 15, →DOI:

(medicine) The condition of having a normal, healthy concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood.


extraosseous

This histological subtype occurs in both osseous and extraosseous tissues and has a tendency for late local and disseminated recurrence.

2015 June 3, Michael W. Bishop et al., “Mesenchymal Chondrosarcoma in Children and Young Adults: A Single Institution Retrospective Review”, in Sarcoma, volume 2015, →DOI:


malunion

malunion (countable and uncountable, plural malunions)

Thus, relevant mid-term complications, such as humeral head necrosis, malunion and nonunion may not have been detected.

2015 July 4, Benjamin Bockmann et al., “Mid-term results of a less-invasive locking plate fixation method for proximal humeral fractures: a prospective observational study”, in BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, volume 16, →DOI:

(anatomy) Bad or incorrect union (of parts of the body).


multiexon

Discrepancies in the metabolic response between the two strains may be attributed in part to the missense mutation (M35T) in exon 1 and a multiexon deletion of Nnt in the C57BL/6J mice.

2015 June 3, Elizabeth Rendina-Ruedy et al., “A Comparative Study of the Metabolic and Skeletal Response of C57BL/6J and C57BL/6N Mice in a Diet-Induced Model of Type 2 Diabetes”, in Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism, volume 2015, →DOI:

(genetics) Relating to more than one exon.


pulpal

The treatment of pulpal necrosis of an immature tooth with an open apex has been traditionally achieved using either long term calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH) 2 ] apexification procedures, or more recently the MTA apical barrier technique [ 1, 2 ].

2015 June 3, Stefania Lymperi et al., “Dental Stem Cell Migration on Pulp Ceiling Cavities Filled with MTA, Dentin Chips, or Bio-Oss”, in BioMed Research International, volume 2015, →DOI:


teleultrasound

A teleultrasound approach is proposed in [ 31 – 33 ].

2015 June 3, Shilpa Srivastava et al., “The Technological Growth in eHealth Services”, in Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine, volume 2015, →DOI:

(medicine) The use of telecommunication technologies to transmit the results of an ultrasound scan.


hemifacial

Distraction osteogenesis of the mandible is widely used for improving the morphology of the facial skeleton in patients with hemifacial microsomia.

2015 June 3, Tsuyoshi Shimo et al., “Installing an original sleeve for rod unaccessible pain from a distraction device in a hemifacial microsomia patient”, in International Journal of Surgery Case Reports, volume 12, →DOI:

(anatomy) Relating to, or affecting, one half of the face.


neophallus

Fifty chapters are dedicated to this subject and explain complex issues such as managing radiation induced urethral stricture, reconstruction of the neophallus urethra, methods of explanting urethral stents, and salvaging failed slings and artificial urinary sphincters.

2015 June 29, Jang Hwan Kim, “Advanced Male Urethral and Genital Reconstructive Surgery. 2nd ed.”, in International Neurourology Journal, volume 19, →DOI:


panplegia

Necrotic tissue and/or epidural abscess compressing the spinal cord, if not treated, can be complicated by paraplegia or even panplegia.

(pathology) paralysis of all four extremities


ulipristal

From uli- (of unknown origin) + (mife)prist(one) + a(cety)l.

af

(pharmacology) A selective progesterone receptor modulator used in the acetate form for emergency contraception and to treat uterine fibroids.


submucosally

Clinically, 13.8% of NPCs spread submucosally, and endoscopic detection misses as high as 51.4% of NPC patients with submucosal growth pattern.

2015 July 8, “Nasopharyngeal Epstein-Barr Virus Load: An Efficient Supplementary Method for Population-Based Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Screening”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


crevicular

By contrast, stimulation may increase the flow of gingival crevicular fluid and this may result in false increases in the concentration of antioxidants in saliva.

2015 January 9, Haziel Diana Jenifer et al., “The influence of cigarette smoking on blood and salivary super oxide dismutase enzyme levels among smokers and nonsmokers—A cross sectional study”, in Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine, volume 5, →DOI:

(anatomy) Of or related to a crevice, such as the gingival crevice.


paralumbar

The transducer is placed at the paralumbar fossa and then moved ventrally to the midline.

(anatomy) Located next to the lumbar region


paramesocolic

Internal herniation of contents within a peritoneal sac of the right paramesocolic hernia formed abdominal cocoon which simulated volvulus neonatorum.

2013 July 4, Ramnik V Patel et al., “Neonatal obstructed Treitz’s hernia with abdominal cocoon simulating volvulus neonatorum”, in BMJ Case Reports, volume 2013, →DOI:


parapatellar

A medial parapatellar approach without tourniquet was used in all patients.

2015 June 26, Michael Dan et al., “Blood loss in primary total knee arthroplasty—body temperature is not a significant risk factor—a prospective, consecutive, observational cohort study”, in Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research, volume 10, →DOI:


pediculectomy

If necessary, a facetectomy or pediculectomy was also performed.

(surgery) Removal of vertebral pedicles (or sections of them)


polymenorrhagia

After 3 years of embolisation, the patient started having chronic pelvic pain, dysmenorrhoea and polymenorrhagia along with inability to conceive.

2013 July 4, Nilanchali Singh et al., “Xanthomatous oophoritis following uterine artery embolisation: successful conservative surgical management with favourable outcome”, in BMJ Case Reports, volume 2013, →DOI:

(pathology) A shortening of the menstrual cycle (more frequent periods)


regorafenib

If tumor progression occurs during third-line therapy, patients are exposed to all standard therapeutic agents, except regorafenib.

2015 July 4, Benoist Chibaudel et al., “STRATEGIC-1: A multiple-lines, randomized, open-label GERCOR phase III study in patients with unresectable wild-type RAS metastatic colorectal cancer”, in BMC Cancer, volume 15, →DOI:

(medicine) A particular oral multi-kinase inhibitor


rhombencephalitis

All experiments were carried out at least in triplicate and included L. innocua (negative control) and an internal control strain (L104, from bovine rhombencephalitis, MLVA complex A) for normalization.

2015 July 3, Claudia Guldimann et al., “Increased spread and replication efficiency of Listeria monocytogenes in organotypic brain-slices is related to multilocus variable number of tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) complex”, in BMC Microbiology, volume 15, →DOI:

(pathology) inflammation of the hindbrain, especially of the brainstem


roflumilast

Thereby, we could determine the benefit–harm balance of roflumilast for various scenarios, clarifying considerably its potential indications.

2015 July 2, Milo A. Puhan et al., “Quantitative benefit–harm assessment for setting research priorities: the example of roflumilast for patients with COPD”, in BMC Medicine, volume 13, →DOI:

(medicine) A particular antiinflammatory drug


spondylectomy

A classic corpectomy, which leaves the posterior column intact, is no better in terms of stability/stiffness than a total spondylectomy, when the total spondylectomy is carried out using a shorter cage followed by compression using posterior instrumentation.

2015 July 1, Jung-Hoon Kim et al., “A biomechanical comparison of 360° stabilizations for corpectomy and total spondylectomy: a cadaveric study in the thoracolumbar spine”, in Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research, volume 10, →DOI:

(surgery) removal of all parts of one or more vertebrae above the sacrum


thrombophylactic

en-adj

thrombophylactic (comparative more thrombophylactic, superlative most thrombophylactic)

more thrombophylactic (comparative)
most thrombophylactic (superlative)

Our study results contrast previous reports showing no significant difference between low-molecular-weight heparin and rivaroxaban and may reflect the surgeon effect on thrombophylactic preference not accounted for by multivariable analysis [ 26 ].

(medicine) protective against thrombosis


trocarisation

Renal trauma caused by blunt force, entrapment, falls, puncture or accidental trocarisation may rupture the renal capsule leading to leakage of urine into the perirenal tissues.

2015 July 3, Ueli Braun, Karl Nuss, “Uroperitoneum in cattle: Ultrasonographic findings, diagnosis and treatment”, in Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica, volume 57, →DOI:


zygopophysis

However, without the intervertebral disc, the shear stress between L5 and S1 can cause accelerated degradation of the zygopophysis, leading to back pain.

2015 May 10, Jian-Hua Li et al., “Surgical treatment of lumbosacral tuberculosis by one-stage debridement and anterior instrumentation with allograft through an extraperitoneal anterior approach”, in Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research, volume 10, →DOI:

(anatomy) One of the articular processes of the neural arch of a vertebra


dental pelican

(dentistry) A set of forceps used to force overcrowded teeth apart.


antiulcerogenic

antiulcerogenic (comparative more antiulcerogenic, superlative most antiulcerogenic)

more antiulcerogenic (comparative)
most antiulcerogenic (superlative)

Hence, the current study was undertaken to evaluate the antiulcerogenic and anti-ulcer properties of aqueous and methanol extracts of stem bark Piptadeniastrum africanum .

2015 July 8, Gilbert Ateufack et al., “Gastroprotective and ulcer healing effects of piptadeniastrum Africanum on experimentally induced gastric ulcers in rats”, in BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, volume 15, →DOI:

(medicine) Preventing the onset of ulcers.


athyreosis

/eɪˌθaɪɹiˈəʊsɪs/

Next, we searched for patients with congenital hypothyroidism due to athyreosis or severe thyroid hypoplasia (designated as ‘A/Hypoplasia’).

2015 July 8, Yuji Oto et al., “The ratio of serum free triiodothyronine to free thyroxine in children: a retrospective database survey of healthy short individuals and patients with severe thyroid hypoplasia or central hypothyroidism”, in Thyroid Research, volume 8, →DOI:

(medicine, pathology) Absence or complete dysfunction of the thyroid gland.


athyreotic

athyreotic (comparative more athyreotic, superlative most athyreotic)

more athyreotic (comparative)
most athyreotic (superlative)

Ito et al. explained the pathophysiology of decreased FT3 levels in their athyreotic adult patients as follows [ 8 ]: First, TSH secreting cells have T3 in their cytoplasm transported directly from the circulation.


apicobasal

They provide the apicobasal polarity of tubular cells and regulate the paracellular flux of molecules between urine and interstitium.

2015 July 6, “Shear Stress-Induced Alteration of Epithelial Organization in Human Renal Tubular Cells”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(anatomy) Relating to an apex and a base


cefathiamidine

Second, the antibiotic adopted in our RCT was cefathiamidine rather than cefazolin used in other studies.

2015 July 6, “Timing of Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Elective Caesarean Delivery: A Multi-Center Randomized Controlled Trial and Meta-Analysis”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(medicine) The antibiotic 7-[α-[(N,N'-diisopropylamidino)thio]acetylamino]cephalosporanic acid


cryocanalization

Numerous technologies and tools, such as stent, cryocanalization, electrocautery, and microdebrider, are developed for bronchoscopic interventions [1 ].

2015 July 6, “Effect of Acute Hypercapnia on Outcomes and Predictive Risk Factors for Complications among Patients Receiving Bronchoscopic Interventions under General Anesthesia”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(surgery) canalization using a cryoprobe


genospecies

When their respective genotypes permit inter-bacterial genetic transfer and recombination, we may say that they belong to the same genospecies.

1963 September, Arnold W. Ravin, “Experimental Approaches to the Study of Bacterial Phylogeny”, in The American Naturalist, volume 97, number 89, page 308:

The genospecies complex of B. burgdorferi sensu lato has been divided into more than 4 distinct genospecies: B.burgdorferi sensu stricto (most North American isolates), Borrella garinii, Borrelia afzelii, Borrelia japonica, and other additional strains which do not fit into any of the specified genospecies.

1997, Carel J. van Oss, Immunological and Molecular Diagnosis of Infectious Disease:

The last two genospecies are etiologic agents of almost all LB cases in Russia, which encompasses the greater part of the range of B.

2015 July 6, “C6 Peptide-Based Multiplex Phosphorescence Analysis (PHOSPHAN) for Serologic Confirmation of Lyme Borreliosis”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(genetics, taxonomy) A species (group of organisms that can interbreed) identified and characterised by means of genetics.


hydromineral

This system mainly regulates the blood pressure and maintains hydromineral homeostasis.

2015 July 6, “Local Augmented Angiotensinogen Secreted from Apoptotic Vascular Endothelial Cells Is a Vital Mediator of Vascular Remodelling”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(physiology) Relating to the balance of water and minerals (electrolytes) in the body


immunoadsorption

en-noun

immunoadsorption (countable and uncountable, plural immunoadsorptions)

(immunology) A method of blood purification used to eliminate pathogenic antibodies


immunoserum

(immunology) A serum produced during immunoserology


peri-implantitis

From peri- + implant + -itis, by analogy with periodontitis.

(dentistry) A destructive inflammatory process similar to periodontitis, affecting the tissues around a dental implant.


caulescence

Meanwhile, their caulescence distribution falls above both axons and dendrites, similar to maximum branch order.

2015 July 10, Todd A Gillette, Giorgio A Ascoli, “Topological characterization of neuronal arbor morphology via sequence representation: I - motif analysis”, in BMC Bioinformatics, volume 16, →DOI:

(botany, neurology) The degree to which something, such as a plant or neuron, has a well-formed main stem.


inotropy

From Ancient Greek ἴς (ís, “sinew, tendon; strength, force”) + -tropy (“affecting, changing”).

af

In the present study, we describe moderate protection of EHTs against hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced stunning by NO and BNP. Both treatments induced apparent cardioprotection that was detected as a maintained contractile activity and inotropy.

2015 July 6, “Protection by the NO-Donor SNAP and BNP against Hypoxia/Reoxygenation in Rat Engineered Heart Tissue”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(physiology) the force of muscle contraction


intrabody

(medicine, anatomy) That exists, operates or occurs within the vertebral body.


intrabody

Blend of intracellular + antibody, probably influenced by the above.

1998, Discover, Volume 19, Time Inc., page 36,
The T cells could now produce their own anti-Tat intrabody.

2006, HIV Molecular Immunology, Volume 2, Los Alamos National Laboratory (Theoretical Biology and Biophysics Group T-10), page 902,
Single chain antibodies, intrabodies, were engineered that can be stably expressed in the cytoplasm of mammalian cells […] .

2009, Laurence Guglielmi, Pierre Martineau, Intrabody Expression in Eukaryotic Cells, Robert Aitken (editor), Antibody Phage Display, Springer (Humana Press), page 196,
Even when aggregated, some intrabodies may retain the capacity to sequester the target antigen, preventing it from reaching its intended cellular location and thereby inhibiting its function (2–3).

(medicine) An antibody that exists inside and operates within a cell.


hypoandrogenism

Thus, hypoandrogenisms, even though slight, probably cause an alteration of the epididymal function, even though no corresponding alteration is observable in the functioning of other glands.

1986, Emil Steinberger, G. Frajese, Anna Steinberger, Reproductive Medicine, page 135:

For example, if non-obese PCOS patients despite seemingly normal androgen levels, indeed, suffer from relative hypoandrogenism, […] androgen supplementation may help in improving oocyte/embryo quality and fertility treatment outcomes.

2015 July 9, Vitaly A. Kushnir et al., “Relative importance of AMH and androgens changes with aging among non-obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome”, in Journal of Ovarian Research, volume 8, →DOI:

(medicine) An abnormally low level of androgens.


transoral

Development of new techniques, such as transoral robotic surgery, transoral videolaryngoscopic surgery [13 ], and endoscopic laryngopharyngeal surgery [14 ], has facilitated less invasive resection of early pharyngeal and laryngeal cancers.

2015 July 11, “Sentinel Node Biopsy for the Head and Neck Using Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasonography Combined with Indocyanine Green Fluorescence in Animal Models: A Feasibility Study”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


retrotranscribe

en-verb

retrotranscribe (third-person singular simple present retrotranscribes, present participle retrotranscribing, simple past and past participle retrotranscribed)

retrotranscribes (present singular third-person)
retrotranscribing (participle present)
retrotranscribed (participle past)
retrotranscribed (past)

One μg of total RNA was retrotranscribed to cDNA using Superscript II RNase H - (Invitrogen), following the manufacturer’s instructions, with random hexamers to prime the elongation reaction.

2015 July 11, “Growth Arrest Specific 1 ( Gas1 ) Gene Overexpression in Liver Reduces the In Vivo Progression of Murine Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Partially Restores Gene Expression Levels”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


cervicomediastinal

It is a rare acral hyperkeratosis, most commonly associated with squamous cell carcinoma of the upper aerodigestive tract or the cervicomediastinal area.

2015 July 8, Aline Hempen et al., “Acrokeratosis paraneoplastica in serous ovarian carcinoma: case report”, in BMC Cancer, volume 15, →DOI:

(anatomy) Relating to the cervix and mediastinum.


dysgranulopoiesis

In the paper by Patnaik et al., it was revealed that age, transfusion needs at diagnosis and dysgranulopoiesis were independent factors affecting survival reduction in patients with chromosome 5 long arm deletion syndrome.

2015 July 8, Aleksandra Butrym et al., “Polish experience of lenalidomide in the treatment of lower risk myelodysplastic syndrome with isolated del(5q)”, in BMC Cancer, volume 15, →DOI:

(medicine) The abnormal condition in which granulopoiesis does not take place properly.


fondaparinux

From fonda- (of unknown origin) + -parinux (“synthetic heparinoid”).

af

Moreover, we provide here additional positive experience in the treatment of both, CVT and HIT, by fondaparinux with bridging to warfarin given their successful evolution under this anticoagulant option.

2013 July 9, J Hsieh et al., “Cerebral venous thrombosis due to cryptogenic organising pneumopathy with antiphospholipid syndrome worsened by heparin-induced thrombocytopenia”, in BMJ Case Reports, volume 2013, →DOI:

(pharmacology) An anticoagulant medication chemically related to low-molecular-weight heparins.


glinide

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) Contraction of meglitinide.


zygomaticoalveolar

The osteotomy starts at the piriform aperture cranial to the anterior nasal spine and passes through the facial maxillary sinus wall, the zygomaticoalveolar crest, and the maxillary tuberosity to the dorsal surface of the maxillary sinus, separates the caudal tip of the pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone, bends forward to the nasal cavity, runs through the lateral nasal wall in its basal portion, and from there returns to the piriform aperture.

2015 July 9, Andreas F. Hellak et al., “Influence of maxillary advancement surgery on skeletal and soft-tissue changes in the nose — a retrospective cone-beam computed tomography study”, in Head & Face Medicine, volume 11, →DOI:

(anatomy) Relating to the zygomatic bone and the alveolar ridge.


antilipolytic

en-adj

antilipolytic (comparative more antilipolytic, superlative most antilipolytic)

more antilipolytic (comparative)
most antilipolytic (superlative)

GPR81 is expressed primarily in adipocytes and have^([sic]) an antilipolytic effect (Liu et al., 2009).

2015 June 19, Graciela L. Garrote, Analía G. Abraham, Martín Rumbo, “Is lactate an undervalued functional component of fermented food products?”, in Frontiers in Microbiology, volume 6, →DOI:


DAS

en-noun

DAS (countable and uncountable, plural DASs)

Besides many sex differences in physiological processes, studies in axSpA have also revealed sex differences in gene expression and body composition. In addition, women with axSpA have different pain mechanisms and hormonal influences that might contribute to higher DASs compared with men.

2020 October, Tamara Rusman, Rianne E. van Bentum, Irene E. van der Horst-Bruinsma, “Sex and gender differences in axial spondyloarthritis: myths and truths”, in Rheumatology, volume 59, number Supplement_4, →DOI, page iv39:

(medicine) Acronym of disease activity score.


cladogenetic

As outlined above, a series of novel morphological traits are correlated with the cladogenetic events in Petrocosmea, all are first documented in present study.

2015 July 3, Zhi-Jing Qiu et al., “Origin and evolution of Petrocosmea (Gesneriaceae) inferred from both DNA sequence and novel findings in morphology with a test of morphology-based hypotheses”, in BMC Plant Biology, volume 15, →DOI:

(genetics) Alternative form of cladogenic


hepatojugular

(medicine) Relating to the liver and the jugular vein.


intraplaque

A plaque was defined as a structure >1 mm 2 within and/or adjacent to the vessel lumen and classified according to the presence/proportion of intraplaque calcification.

2015 May 21, Sohee Kim et al., “Normal-weight obesity is associated with increased risk of subclinical atherosclerosis”, in Cardiovascular Diabetology, volume 14, →DOI:


parecoxib

All patients also received 1 g IV paracetamol, 1.5 mg/kg IV tramadol and 40 mg IV parecoxib analgesia intraoperatively, as well as pre-emptive antiemesis of 8 mg IV dexamethasone and 1 mg IV granisetron.

2015 July 2, Chong Oon Tan et al., “Surgical predictors of acute postoperative pain after hip arthroscopy”, in BMC Anesthesiology, volume 15, →DOI:

(pharmacology) A water-soluble and injectable prodrug of valdecoxib.


skeletogenic

Cranial skeletogenic mesenchyme is derived from two distinct embryonic sources, cephalic paraxial mesoderm and cranial neural crest.

2015 July 2, Mara Marongiu et al., “FOXL2 modulates cartilage, skeletal development and IGF1-dependent growth in mice”, in BMC Developmental Biology, volume 15, →DOI:


underdiagnose

en-verb

underdiagnose (third-person singular simple present underdiagnoses, present participle underdiagnosing, simple past and past participle underdiagnosed)

underdiagnoses (present singular third-person)
underdiagnosing (participle present)
underdiagnosed (participle past)
underdiagnosed (past)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-underdiagnose.wav

Meanwhile, literature supports the possibility of underdiagnosing AC in the hospital setting; exponentially so when males generally have poor hospital-attending behavior.

2015 July 3, David Ben Kumah et al., “Prevalence of allergic conjunctivitis among basic school children in the Kumasi Metropolis (Ghana): a community-based cross-sectional study”, in BMC Ophthalmology, volume 15, →DOI:

(medicine) To diagnose something less often than it actually occurs.


contralesionally

(medicine) On the half of a patient's brain or body that is away from the site of a lesion.


cervicofacial

Practically, any organ system of the human body can be affected; pulmonary form comprises 15% of all actinomycosis cases and it is primarily caused by aspiration of oropharyngeal or upper gastrointestinal materials, albeit it can sometimes occur after local spread of cervicofacial infection or hematogenous spread.

2015 June 4, Stamatis Katsenos et al., “Primary Bronchopulmonary Actinomycosis Masquerading as Lung Cancer: Apropos of Two Cases and Literature Review”, in Case Reports in Infectious Diseases, volume 2015, →DOI:

(anatomy) Relating to the neck and face.


laminoplasty

(surgery) A procedure for treating spinal stenosis by cutting of the lamina on both sides of the affected vertebrae and then "swinging" the freed flap of bone open, thus relieving the pressure on the spinal cord.


nonrhabdomyosarcoma

Volumetric models were used to define response in previous analyses of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma and are currently being evaluated in several contemporary studies including the recently closed COG study for nonrhabdomyosarcoma soft tissue sarcomas.

2015 June 3, Michael W. Bishop et al., “Mesenchymal Chondrosarcoma in Children and Young Adults: A Single Institution Retrospective Review”, in Sarcoma, volume 2015, →DOI:

(medicine) Not associated with rhabdomyosarcoma.


pentasomic

The Esmeraldo strain has chromosome 3 as pentasomic; chromosomes 27, 31, 33 and 35 range from trisomic to tetrasomic; chromosomes 6, 19, 21 and 39 as trisomic; and chromosomes 1, 24, 25 and 41 range from disomic to trisomic.

2015 July 4, João Luís Reis-Cunha et al., “Chromosomal copy number variation reveals differential levels of genomic plasticity in distinct Trypanosoma cruzi strains”, in BMC Genomics, volume 16, →DOI:

(genetics) Having five copies of a particular chromosome.

Sex chromosome abnormalities occur in at least 1 in 400 births and include the well-described 47,XXX, 47,XXY, 47,XYY, and 45,X karyotypes. The addition of more than one extra X or Y chromosome occurs rarely, and little information is available in the medical literature. Individual case reports make up most of this body of knowledge, and all are based on subjects who identified themselves postnatally. Many were ascertained through screenings of institutions and hospitals; thus, there is no unbiased information on the natural history of poly X and Y karyotypes. A direct relationship between the number of additional sex chromosomes and the severity of the phenotype is generally assumed. The purpose of this article is to summarize what is known about these conditions and to present 10 additional cases. The karyotypes include, 48,XXXX, 49,XXXXX, 48,XXYY, 48,XXXY, 49,XXXXY, 49,XXXYY, 48,XYYY, 49,XYYYY, and 49,XXYYY.

2025 October 4, Linden, Mary G, Bender, Bruce G, Robinson, Arthur, “Sex chromosome tetrasomy and pentasomy”, in Pediatrics, volume 96, number 4, →DOI, pages 672-682:


periurachal

Ontario group classified the primary tumor as T1 when a tumor was confined to the submucosa, T2 when a tumor was confined to the muscular wall of the bladder, T3 when a tumor extended into the periurachal or vesical soft tissue, and T4 when a tumor invades adjacent organs, including the abdominal wall.

2015 June 4, Seung Ryeol Lee et al., “The Youngest Korean Case of Urachal Carcinoma”, in Case Reports in Urology, volume 2015, →DOI:


reapproximate

reapproximate (third-person singular simple present reapproximates, present participle reapproximating, simple past and past participle reapproximated)

reapproximates (present singular third-person)
reapproximating (participle present)
reapproximated (participle past)
reapproximated (past)

(medicine, transitive) To bring (separated parts) back together, so as to close a wound or suture, etc.


tetrasomy

en-noun

tetrasomy (countable and uncountable, plural tetrasomies)

The representative of TcIII DTU, 231, has tetrasomy of chromosome 10; chromosomes 11 and 18 range from trisomic to tetrasomic; trisomy of chromosomes 6 and 19; and chromosomes 1, 13, 16, 21, 24 and 31 have a ploidy ranging from disomic to trisomic (Fig. 3).

(genetics) The condition of being tetrasomic


pentasomy

(genetics) The quality of being pentasomic.


dysventilation

The areas of lung dysventilation with an absence of alveolar air are visualized in the form of consolidations adjacent to the pleural line.

2015 May 21, Vincenzo Basile et al., “Lung ultrasound: a useful tool in diagnosis and management of bronchiolitis”, in BMC Pediatrics, volume 15, →DOI:

(medicine) The failure of a ventilation process to work correctly.


ertapenem

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) A particular carbapenem antibiotic, structurally similar to meropenem.


exitron

Therefore, in what ways might the processing and regulation of exitron splicing differ from that of conventional introns?

2015 July 7, Dorothee Staiger, Gordon G. Simpson, “Enter exitrons”, in Genome Biology, volume 16, →DOI:

On the basis of their exonic and intronic nature, here we name them exitrons (exonic introns [EIs]) and define them as alternatively spliced internal regions of protein-coding exons

2015 May 1, Marquez Y, Höpfler M, Ayatollahi Z, Barta A, Kalyna M, “Unmasking alternative splicing inside protein-coding exons defines exitrons and their role in proteome plasticity”, in Genome Research, volume 25, number 7, →DOI, pages 995–1007:

(genetics) One of a set of alternatively spliced internal regions of protein-coding exons.


maxiprep

maxiprep (countable and uncountable, plural maxipreps)

Plasmids for transforming ET 138 and DSM 4216 T were extracted from DH5α via maxiprep isolation (Genomed Jetstar 2.0).

2015 July 7, Elleke F Bosma et al., “Establishment of markerless gene deletion tools in thermophilic Bacillus smithii and construction of multiple mutant strains”, in Microbial Cell Factories, volume 14, →DOI:


misannotated

This small amount of sequenced tags only mapping to the genome may correspond to potential novel unsequenced transcripts, alternative 3’-UTR exons of splicing isoforms, misannotated or alternative poly-adenylation sites, or even to non-coding RNAs not represented yet in the present transcriptome sets.

2015 May 8, Gustavo Rodríguez-Esteban et al., “Digital gene expression approach over multiple RNA-Seq data sets to detect neoblast transcriptional changes in Schmidtea mediterranea”, in BMC Genomics, volume 16, →DOI:


talofibular

McIlroy, the world’s No. 1 golfer and the defending Open champion, said he sustained a “total rupture” of his left anterior talofibular ligament in a “soccer kickabout” with friends in Northern Ireland on Saturday.

2015 July 6, Karen Crouse, “Rory McIlroy Is Hurt Playing Soccer and May Miss British Open”, in New York Times:

(anatomy) Relating to the talus and fibula.


phenicol

phenicol (countable and uncountable, plural phenicols)

Whole genome sequencing of selected multiple antimicrobial resistant Bacillus spp. showed that they contained a low number of resistance genes to macrolides, tetracycline, phenicol and trimethoprim, but not any genetic structures associated with horizontal gene transfer.

2015 July 6, “Identification and Antimicrobial Resistance of Bacteria Isolated from Probiotic Products Used in Shrimp Culture”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


tendomuscular

A 5/0 polypropylene traction suture (Prolene; Ethicon, Dilbeek, Belgium) was placed at the anterolateral edge of the diaphragm prior to standardized resection of 2.0 x 1.0 cm of the lateral tendomuscular part of the diaphragm, approximating ⅓ to ½ of the diaphragm.

2015 July 6, “Diaphragm Repair with a Novel Cross-Linked Collagen Biomaterial in a Growing Rabbit Model”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(anatomy) Relating to a tendon and a muscle


normospermia

(medicine) The condition of producing a normal volume and quality of semen.


dysploidy

Of course the inference that polyploidy underpins the dominance of even over odd chromosome numbers must be approached cautiously because of the confounding effects of dysploidy (a change in chromosome number resulting from the breakage and fusion of chromosomes without net gene loss or gain).

1997, Karl J. Niklas, The Evolutionary Biology of Plants, page 29:

FISH with rRNA genes can also help to detect recent polyploidization (duplication or dysploidy), since the number of 5S rDNA and 45S rDNA sites sometimes doubles with polyploidization (Souza et al. 2010).

2015, Prabhu Shankar Lakshmanan et al., “Karyotype analysis and visualization of 45S rRNA genes using fluorescence in situ hybridization in aroids (Araceae)”, in Comparative Cytogenetics, volume 9, →DOI:

(genetics) Variation in the chromosome number in a population by less than a whole set of chromosomes, typically because of chromosomal rearrangements.


homoeologous

By using blocking DNA and pre-annealing to block homoeologous sequences, labeled genomic DNA probes from one parent could not hybridize to chromosomes from the other one.

2015, Xiaoting Huang et al., “Genomic in situ hybridization identifies parental chromosomes in hybrid scallop (Bivalvia, Pectinoida, Pectinidae) between female Chlamys farreri and male Argopecten irradians irradians”, in Comparative Cytogenetics, volume 9, →DOI:

(genetics) (of a chromosome) Similar in genetic makeup, especially that were homologous in an ancestral form.


kmer

BioVelocity could not run on normal cluster architectures with limited memory, or would take orders of magnitude longer if secondary storage were used for the kmer hash tables.

2015, Shanmuga Sozhamannan et al., “Evaluation of Signature Erosion in Ebola Virus Due to Genomic Drift and Its Impact on the Performance of Diagnostic Assays”, in Viruses, volume 7, →DOI:


TBI

traumatic brain injury
traumatic brain injury#English

(pathology) Initialism of traumatic brain injury.


antianabolic

(pharmacology) That inhibit anabolic functions (such as tissue formation)


apexification

The treatment of pulpal necrosis of an immature tooth with an open apex has been traditionally achieved using either long term calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH) 2 ] apexification procedures, or more recently the MTA apical barrier technique [ 1, 2 ].

2015 June 3, Stefania Lymperi et al., “Dental Stem Cell Migration on Pulp Ceiling Cavities Filled with MTA, Dentin Chips, or Bio-Oss”, in BioMed Research International, volume 2015, →DOI:

(odontology) The promotion of tooth root development by deposition of mineral tissue

apicificação

the promotion of tooth root development by deposition of mineral tissue


atlantooccipital

Briefly, the rats were chronically implanted with catheters; they were anesthetized with ketamine and xylazine (75 mg/kg, 12 mg/kg, resp.), were placed in a stereotaxic frame, and underwent surgical procedures that exposed the atlantooccipital membrane by means of an incision in the neck.

2015 June 4, Norma Carrillo-Munguía et al., “Tramadol and Tramadol+Caffeine Synergism in the Rat Formalin Test Are Mediated by Central Opioid and Serotonergic Mechanisms”, in BioMed Research International, volume 2015, →DOI:

(anatomy) Situated between the superior articular facets of the atlas and the condyles of the occipital bone.


broncholith

(pathology) calcified or ossified material within the lumen of the bronchus


chemoperfusion

chemoperfusion (usually uncountable, plural chemoperfusions)

(surgery) The introduction of a warmed solution of (typically anticancer) drugs into the abdominal cavity (for an hour or so)


decoronate

en-verb

decoronate (third-person singular simple present decoronates, present participle decoronating, simple past and past participle decoronated)

decoronates (present singular third-person)
decoronating (participle present)
decoronated (participle past)
decoronated (past)

From de- + coronate. Compare corona (“crown (of a tooth)”).

(transitive, dentistry) To remove the crown of (an ankylosed tooth); to subject to decoronation.


antiestrogenic

Tamoxifen, a nonsteroidal antiestrogenic agent, is used widely as adjunctive therapy for women with breast cancer.

2015, Alka Jindal et al., “Endometrial evaluation by ultrasonography, hysteroscopy and histopathology in cases of breast carcinoma on Tamoxifen therapy”, in Journal of Mid-Life Health, volume 6, →DOI:


craniovertebral

-ɜː(ɹ)tɪbɹəl

Changes in oscillatory CSF flow at the craniovertebral junction were demonstrated on dynamic phase-contrast MRI by Dujovny, et al.

2015, Cara L. Sedney, William Dillen, Terrence Julien, “Clinical spectrum and radiographic features of the syndrome of the trephined”, in Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice, volume 6, →DOI:

(anatomy) Relating to the cranium and vertebrae.


anticytotoxic

Another option exists for eliminating Tregs is anticytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4) antibodies.

2015 June 17, Liu Yang et al., “Dendritic Cell-Based Immunotherapy Treatment for Glioblastoma Multiforme”, in BioMed Research International, volume 2015, →DOI:

(toxicology, pharmacology) Acting against cytotoxic effects.


antineutrophilic

en-adj

antineutrophilic (comparative more antineutrophilic, superlative most antineutrophilic)

more antineutrophilic (comparative)
most antineutrophilic (superlative)

The patient tested negative for various investigations including antinuclear antibody, rheumatoid arthritis factor, cytoplasmic and perinuclear antineutrophilic cytoplasmic antibody, venereal disease research laboratory test for syphilis and ELISA for human immunodeficiency virus.

2015, Bhupender Kumar Bajaj et al., “Primary angiitis of central nervous system: The story of a great masquerader”, in Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice, volume 6, →DOI:

(immunology) Acting against neutrophils.


fibroinflammatory

The tricuspid valve was also involved with fibroinflammatory debris consistent with endocarditis.

2015 June 3, Shahzad Khan et al., “A Complicated Case of Triple Valve Infective Endocarditis in an IV Drug User with a Bicuspid Aortic Valve Requiring Three Separate Salvage Operations: A Case Report and Literature Review”, in Case Reports in Cardiology, volume 2015, →DOI:

(pathology) inflammatory and fibrosclerosing


teleassistance

The therapist station is a web-based easy to use service which allows a remote therapist, teleassistance service operator, or another professional to access information stored in the cloud and gathered from users and sensors around them: users' inputs, activities, selections, and sensor data.

2015 June 8, Felip Miralles et al., “Brain Computer Interface on Track to Home”, in The Scientific World Journal, volume 2015, →DOI:

(medicine, robotics) Assistance provided by means of a telecommunication system.


fibrosclerosing

(pathology) Giving rise to fibrosclerosis


fibrosclerosis

(pathology) The formation of fibrous lesions


hydroureteronephrosis

en-noun

hydroureteronephrosis (countable and uncountable, plural hydroureteronephroses)

Ultrasonography showed bilateral hydroureteronephrosis with distended, thick walled bladder.

2015 June 3, Shashi Verma et al., “Megalourethra with Y-Type Duplication of Urethra Presented as Perianal Fistula: A Rare Case Report”, in Case Reports in Urology, volume 2015, →DOI:

(pathology) distension of the kidneys and ureter


macroprolactinoma

We report a case of a 60-year-old man who was a follow-up case of macroprolactinoma with hypopituitarism for the last 9 years.

2013 July 13, Shruti Kate et al., “Acute psychosis as a presentation of hypopituitarism”, in BMJ Case Reports, volume 2013, →DOI:

(medicine) A prolactinoma with size greater than one centimeter.


hyperlymphocytosis

Peripheral blood monuclear cells (PBMC) PH961 were from a patient under the epidemiological control of the Pasteur Institute, Paris, France, with a typical acute ATL form characterized by a high level of circulating leukemic cells, very high hyperlymphocytosis with lymphocyte count of 400 000 lymphocytes/mm 3 .

2015 July 4, Goutham U Raval et al., “Localization, quantification and interaction with host factors of endogenous HTLV-1 HBZ protein in infected cells and ATL”, in Retrovirology, volume 12, →DOI:

(pathology) An excessive quantity of lymphocytes in the blood.


immunoturbidimetry

The hsCRP concentration was determined using highly sensitive immunoturbidimetry (Orion Diagnostica).

2015 June 4, Lidia Gackowska et al., “Expression of Adiponectin Receptors on Peripheral Blood Leukocytes of Hypertensive Children Is Associated with the Severity of Hypertension”, in BioMed Research International, volume 2015, →DOI:

(immunology) The application of turbidimetry to the interaction of antigens and antibodies


psychophobia

(medicine, rare) A fear of the mind, particularly mental illness, such as dementia.


symbolophobia

It was a complete confessional somersault. In 1890 Dr. Parson seemed to have an attack of symbolophobia. Fortunately for him and the Church, it did not last long.

1901, The Lutheran Quarterly, volume 31, page 231:

I guess we need to adapt to even more overloadings, since symbolophobia is part of Ada culture.

2013 July 9, G.B., “Re: The future of Spark . Spark 2014 : a wreckage”, in comp.lang.ada (Usenet):

artificial intelligence
artificial intelligence

(medicine, rare) A fear of particular icons or symbols; systems that use symbolism, such as artificial intelligence; or that one's own speech or actions may be interpreted as having symbolic meanings.


kathisophobia

From Ancient Greek καθίζω (kathízō, “sit down”) + -phobia.

der

While sitting, which had become for him a symbol of his profession as a goldworker, the patient was overcome by a tormented feeling of fear which eventually forced him to jump up. Beduschi (Rivista di Patol nerv e ment, 1904; cited in Bing, 1923) referred to an intense fear of sitting (kathisophobia).

1995, P Sachdev, Akathisia and restless legs, →ISBN, page 5:

Although my second case is more susceptible to the interpretation suggested by Raymond and Janet, it is not identical to theirs. Their case is one of akathisia secondary to a phobia resulting from a specific occupational aboulia (kathisophobia), mine did not show any phobia...

1995, Lad Haskovec, “New observations on akathisia”, in History of Psychiatry:

What if I suffer from kathisophobia?

2004 March 16, Dat, “UKSF Stats [Feb]”, in uk.sport.football (Usenet):

(medicine, rare) The irrational fear of sitting down.


ligamentotaxis

The fracture was reduced by ligamentotaxis (downward traction of the arm) and/or direct manipulation with pushers or rasps through the deltoid split to manipulate important fragments that were not attached to tendons or ligaments.

2015 July 4, Benjamin Bockmann et al., “Mid-term results of a less-invasive locking plate fixation method for proximal humeral fractures: a prospective observational study”, in BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, volume 16, →DOI:

(surgery) The application of continuous force in order to bring parts of a fracture together and thus promote healing


megalourethra

To the best of our knowledge, this may be the first case report of megalourethra with IIA2 “Y-type” urethral duplication in which laser OIU, reduction urethroplasty, and excision of accessory urethra were done in a single stage.

(pathology) A form of uropathy characterized by severe dilatation of the penile urethra


meningiomatosis

A possible application may be found in diffuse meningiomatosis but further confirmations are needed.

2015 June 3, Giulia Cossu et al., “The Role of Mifepristone in Meningiomas Management: A Systematic Review of the Literature”, in BioMed Research International, volume 2015, →DOI:

(pathology) A condition characterized by the presence of multiple meningiomas


microgliopathy

en-noun

microgliopathy (countable and uncountable, plural microgliopathies)

Mutations in the colony stimulating factor 1 receptor have recently been identified to be the cause of this microgliopathy.

2015 July 4, Marie Meyer-Ohlendorf et al., “Comprehensive diagnostics in a case of hereditary diffuse leukodystrophy with spheroids”, in BMC Neurology, volume 15, →DOI:

(pathology) Any pathological condition of the microglia


miniplate

Several kinds of laminoplasties have been reported for lesions of the thoracic and lumbar spine, including use of a titanium miniplate and translaminar screws.

2015 July 4, Naohisa Miyakoshi et al., “En-bloc resection of thoracic calcified meningioma with inner dural layer in recapping T-saw laminoplasty: a case report”, in BMC Surgery, volume 15, →DOI:


multispacer

More recently, a multilocus sequence analysis targeting 8 housekeeping genes and a multispacer sequence analysis were reported [ 13, 14 ].

2015 June 1, Wenjuan Nie et al., “Species Identification and Clarithromycin Susceptibility Testing of 278 Clinical Nontuberculosis Mycobacteria Isolates”, in BioMed Research International, volume 2015, →DOI:

(genetics) Involving multiple spaces between gene sequences


opsoclonus

From Ancient Greek ὄψ (óps, “eye”) + clonus.

The syndrome manifests itself as opsoclonus, myoclonic jerks, ataxia, and/or encephalopathy.

2015 May 12, Ory Wiesel et al., “Ataxia induced by a thymic neuroblastoma in the elderly patient”, in World Journal of Surgical Oncology, volume 13, →DOI:

(pathology) Rapid, uncontrolled eye movement


peritonectomy

Given that suitability of patients for peritonectomy was discussed during weekly meetings and only selected patients were offered this combined therapy, there was selection bias in this study.

2015 June 26, Yeqian Huang et al., “Effects of sex hormones on survival of peritoneal mesothelioma”, in World Journal of Surgical Oncology, volume 13, →DOI:

(surgery) Removal of a cancerous part of the peritoneum.


postpinning

On CT scan, a deformed right femoral head with postpinning defect, articular changes, and subluxation was visualized.

2015 June 3, Nagmani Singh et al., “External Iliac Artery-Appendicular Fistula due to Antegrade Unusual Migration of K-Wire from Hip to Pelvis: An Unreported Complication”, in Case Reports in Orthopedics, volume 2015, →DOI:

(surgery) Following the fixation of a pin


pseudobulbar

Examination at age 52 demonstrated a pseudobulbar affect.

2015 July 4, John L. Robinson et al., “Common neuropathological features underlie distinct clinical presentations in three siblings with hereditary diffuse leukoencephalopathy with spheroids caused by CSF1R p.Arg782His”, in Acta Neuropathologica Communications, volume 3, →DOI:

(pathology) That is similar to effects related to the brainstem.


retroglossal

Although obstruction may occur at any point in the pharynx, it is most frequently observed in either the retropalatal and/or the retroglossal regions [ 57 ].

2015 July 4, Vilma E. Ortiz, Jean Kwo, “Obesity: physiologic changes and implications for preoperative management”, in BMC Anesthesiology, volume 15, →DOI:


tetraploidization

It has been shown, however, that triploid forms producing diploid gametes in one sex and haploid ones in the other sex can act as a stepping stone towards tetraploidization (triploid bridge; [ 93 – 95 ]).

2015 July 4, Heinz-Ulrich Reyer, Christian Arioli-Jakob, Martina Arioli, “Post-zygotic selection against parental genotypes during larval development maintains all-hybrid populations of the frog Pelophylax esculentus”, in BMC Evolutionary Biology, volume 15, →DOI:

(genetics) The doubling of chromosomes to produce tetraploidy


umbilectomy

By haplologic alteration of umbilic- + -ectomy (which reflects the surface analysis of the word). The non-haplologic form would not present any pronunciation difficulties (it would be /ʌmˌbɪlɪˈsɛktoʊmi/), but the fact that the haplologic form both was coined and also was disseminated as the normal form of the word is a testament to the idea that haplology is driven by various cognitive processes besides phonemic ellision.

The 29-year-old man received extended partial cystectomy and umbilectomy and survived at 17-month follow-up without local recurrence or metastasis.

2015 June 4, Seung Ryeol Lee et al., “The Youngest Korean Case of Urachal Carcinoma”, in Case Reports in Urology, volume 2015, →DOI:


knockin

The advantage of this design is that the targeted knockin retains the intact endogenous aggrecan locus and expresses the tamoxifen-inducible CreERT2 protein from a second IRES-driven open reading frame.

2015 July 8, “Non-Invasive Quantification of Cartilage Using a Novel In Vivo Bioluminescent Reporter Mouse”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(genetics) The insertion of a cDNA sequence at a particular locus in an organism's chromosome


PBC

(medicine) Initialism of primary biliary cholangitis.

(medicine) Initialism of primary biliary cirrhosis.


heterodisomy

heterodisomy (countable and uncountable, plural heterodisomies)

Both of isodisomy and heterodisomy can cause genome imprinting disorders, but only uniparental isodisomy can cause recessive disorders if the chromosome harbors a disease-causing mutation.

2015 July 9, “Detection of Hereditary 1,25-Hydroxyvitamin D-Resistant Rickets Caused by Uniparental Disomy of Chromosome 12 Using Genome-Wide Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Array”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(genetics) The inheritance of a pair of non-identical chromosomes from one parent


metabarcoding

We developed and tested a DNA metabarcoding protocol that utilises the standard cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) barcoding fragment to detect freshwater macroinvertebrate taxa.

2015 July 9, “Can DNA-Based Ecosystem Assessments Quantify Species Abundance? Testing Primer Bias and Biomass—Sequence Relationships with an Innovative Metabarcoding Protocol”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(genetics) A method of DNA barcoding that uses universal PCR primers to identify DNA from a mixture of organisms


neofunctionalization

Therefore, BcMF26a/b may be the result of neofunctionalization during evolution.

2015 July 9, “BcMF26a and BcMF26b Are Duplicated Polygalacturonase Genes with Divergent Expression Patterns and Functions in Pollen Development and Pollen Tube Formation in Brassica campestris”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(genetics) The development of a new function of an existing group of genes by means of mutation


postpetiole

Moreover, the beetle uses a row of scrapers (placed on the proximal abdominal segment) (Fig 1, 1B3 and 1B4 ) rather than the single scraper (placed on the postpetiole, i.e. the third abdominal tergite) used by the ant (Fig 1, 1A3 and 1A4 ).

2015 July 9, “The Pied Piper: A Parasitic Beetle’s Melodies Modulate Ant Behaviours”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(anatomy, entomology) The second segment of the pedicel of some ants.


angioembolization

angioembolization (usually uncountable, plural angioembolizations)


ganitumab

From -tu- (“tumor”) + -umab (“human monoclonal antibody”).

af

While a randomized Phase II study testing the addition of the IGF1R mab ganitumab to chemotherapy in EWS is ongoing (NCT02306161), CAR T cells targeting IGF1R may be an alternative treatment for high risk patients with EWS and other sarcomas.

2015 July 15, “IGF1R- and ROR1-Specific CAR T Cells as a Potential Therapy for High Risk Sarcomas”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(pharmacology) A human monoclonal antibody against type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor, designed for the treatment of cancers.


hypomimia

Additional symptoms reported less frequently included: drooling or swallowing dysfunction, hypomimia, dystonia, fine motor incoordination, non-rest tremor, anosmia, sensory disturbance, weakness, stooped posture, muscle cramping, problems with memory, pain, mood change, fatigue, constipation, sleep disturbance, freezing, and falls.

2015 July 15, “Sex Differences in Clinical Features of Early, Treated Parkinson’s Disease”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(medicine) A reduced degree of facial expression.


enzalutamide

From (b)enza(mide) + -lutamide (“nonsteroid antiandrogen”).

Abiraterone and enzalutamide are newly approved drugs for CRPC patients; although, patients will still eventually relapse and the overall survival is prolonged only ~4–5 months after treatment with the AR signaling becoming active in most of these relapsed tumors.

2015 July 16, “Poly (A) Binding Protein Cytoplasmic 1 Is a Novel Co-Regulator of the Androgen Receptor”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(pharmacology) A synthetic, non-steroidal pure antiandrogen developed for the treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.


ledipasvir

From [Term?] + -asvir (“hepatitis C virus NS5A inhibitor”).

(pharmacology) A particular drug for the treatment of hepatitis C.


pentanucleotide

Additional diversity was recovered within the rbc spacer, where variations in the repeat number of a pentanucleotide microsatellite distinguished the haplotypes B1, B2 and B5 (Fig 3b ).

2015 July 16, “Genes Left Behind: Climate Change Threatens Cryptic Genetic Diversity in the Canopy-Forming Seaweed Bifurcaria bifurcata”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(genetics) A codon containing five nucleotides.


non-rebreather

(medicine) A breathing mask that does not recycle expelled air, thus giving the wearer a fresh supply of air, pure oxygen, etc. with each breath.

a somewhat similar apparatus for scuba diving

designed to recycle expelled air by removing carbon dioxide and other gases


canaloplasty

(surgery) The surgical reconstruction of a canal or passage in the body.


milk-alkali syndrome

(medicine) A condition characterized by high blood calcium levels caused by taking in too much calcium and absorbable alkali.


ramularia

" For instance, breeding barley that resists ramularia, a disease that emerged in 1998, "will take at least 10 years.

2009 January 23, Sara Coelho, “AGRICULTURE: European Pesticide Rules Promote Resistance, Researchers Warn”, in Science, volume 323, number 5913, →DOI:

(phytopathology) A disease of barley, more fully ramularia leaf spot, caused by fungi of the genus Ramularia


cyclitis

IOP may reach 40 mmHg or more, and spontaneous remission usually occurs; (3) mild cyclitis: a few white KPs accumulating in the lower half of the cornea, and minimal flare and/or a few inflammatory cells in the anterior chamber; (4) open iridocorneal angle without peripheral anterior synechia; (5) a slight decrease in vision, no visual field defect and normal optic disc at the early stage.

2015 July 11, “Human Leukocyte Antigens-B and -C Loci Associated with Posner-Schlossman Syndrome in a Southern Chinese Population”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(pathology) inflammation of the ciliary body


microembolization

Although we observed that collagen strongly induced the aggregation of platelets to potentially cause coronary microembolization, GH did not enhance thrombogenicity.

2015 July 18, “Gelatin Hydrogel Enhances the Engraftment of Transplanted Cardiomyocytes and Angiogenesis to Ameliorate Cardiac Function after Myocardial Infarction”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(medicine) Embolization on a small scale.


fat pad sign

(medicine) A distinctive sign on an X-ray image of the elbow, caused by displacement of the fat pad around the elbow joint, and suggesting an occult fracture.


exsiccosis

Additionally, two distinct absorption bands at 944 and 1180 nm were also filtered in order to minimize superficial overheating and exsiccosis.

2015 July 11, “Antimicrobial Photoinactivation Using Visible Light Plus Water-Filtered Infrared-A (VIS + wIRA) Alters In Situ Oral Biofilms”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(pathology) bodily dehydration due to insufficient intake of fluids


cyclitic membrane

en-noun

cyclitic membrane (plural cyclitic membranes)

(pathology) A membrane that develops across the back of the lens of the eye as a result of inflammation


gyrification

Based on these segmentations, cortical descriptors evaluating volume, surface area, thickness, gyrification index, and global mean curvature were computed at both time points, for the whole brain, as well as for the frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes separately.

2015 July 11, “Development of Cortical Morphology Evaluated with Longitudinal MR Brain Images of Preterm Infants”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(anatomy) The formation of gyri (folds) on the surface of the cerebral cortex


ohnologue

According to P. P. Singh and colleagues, this term was coined as an eponymous tribute to Susumo Ohno (1928-2000), who first proposed that whole genome duplication may play a crucial role in evolution.

In the regions surrounding the TRE genes on scaffolds av458 and av6, synteny was well preserved (Fig 1B ), suggesting that AvTreA-A’ and AvTreC-C’ were ohnologues and form a quartet of four homologous regions (as in Hur et al and Van Doninck et al).

2015 July 11, “Against All Odds: Trehalose-6-Phosphate Synthase and Trehalase Genes in the Bdelloid Rotifer Adineta vaga Were Acquired by Horizontal Gene Transfer and Are Upregulated during Desiccation”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(genetics) One of a pair of paralogous sequences that result from complete genome duplication.


oncometabolite

Due to this pleiotropic function for dysregulating biological events, 2-HG is regarded as an oncometabolite that exerts tumor-inducing actions, and searches for IDH gene mutations have been performed in various types of malignancies [1 ,2 ].

2015 July 11, “Mutant IDH1 Dysregulates the Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Association with Gene-Specific Histone Modifications to Cartilage- and Bone-Related Genes”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry, pathology) Any metabolite that is associated with a cancer


progenome

In HIV-1 and foamy viruses, the polyadenylation signal (poly(A) signal) is found at both extremities of the viral progenome, in the redundant 5’ and 3’ long terminal repeats (LTRs).

2015 July 11, “Cauliflower mosaic virus Transcriptome Reveals a Complex Alternative Splicing Pattern”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(genetics) An RNA transcript of a genome


pseudogenization

The presence of stop codons at two different positions in ΨAvTpsB and ΨAvTpsB’ suggests that pseudogenization happened after their acquisition.

(genetics) The conversion of a gene into a pseudogene.


pseudoptosis

The differential diagnosis of blepharoptosis was made with particular attention to pseudoptosis associated with eyebrow ptosis and dermatochalasis.

2015 July 11, “Obesity as a Potential Risk Factor for Blepharoptosis: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008-2010”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

levator palpebrae superioris
levator palpebrae superioris

(pathology) A ptosis-like presentation with intact levator palpebrae superioris function.


aducanumab

From -n- (“neural”) + -umab (“human monoclonal antibody”).

af

Biogen’s drug, aducanumab, slowed the decline in cognition in an early-stage trial.

2015 July 19, The New York Times, “Greece’s Debt Payments, Apple Earnings and Credit Suisse Results”, in New York Times:

(pharmacology) A human monoclonal antibody and drug candidate designed for treatment of Alzheimer's disease.


antilipemic

en-adj

antilipemic (comparative more antilipemic, superlative most antilipemic)

more antilipemic (comparative)
most antilipemic (superlative)

Conversely, peak blood concentration is comparable to the highest evaluated affinity for the antibacterial norfloxacin, and higher than this threshold for the three antilipemic medications pravastatin, fluvastatin and atorvastatin.

2015 July 14, “All-Purpose Containers? Lipid-Binding Protein – Drug Interactions”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(pharmacology) That lowers the amount of lipid in the blood

antilipemico

that lowers the amount of lipid in the blood


hypotympanum

Despite its common application, using a microscope for these procedures is typically accompanied with limited visibility of various middle ear components including the hypotympanum, sinus tympani, and epitympanum, as well as the posterior part of the mesotympanum [2 ,3 ].

2015 July 14, “Diagnostic Performance of Endoscopic and Microscopic Procedures for Identifying Different Middle Ear Structures and Remaining Disease in Patients with Chronic Otitis Media: A Prospective Cohort Study”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(anatomy) The lower part of the tympanic cavity (in the middle ear)


mesotympanum

en-noun

mesotympanum (plural mesotympanums or mesotympana)

mesotympanums (plural)
mesotympana (plural)

In addition, the various segments of the mesotympanum, oval window, round window, and Eustachian tube were more visible via endoscopy.

(anatomy) The middle part of the middle ear, medial to the tympanic membrane


midaxillary

The zero reference point for pressure recordings was set at the level of the right atrium in the midaxillary line (phlebostatic axis).

2015 July 14, “Mutation in BMPR2 Promoter: A ‘Second Hit’ for Manifestation of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension?”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(anatomy) Describing a vertical line on the body downwards from the armpit


ossicular

This pressure on the labyrinthine fluid occasions the periodical vertiginous symptoms as well as the tinnitus, the defective hearing being due to the rigidity of the conducting apparatus and the contraction of the ossicular arch.

1894, The Medical and Surgical Reporter, volume 71, page 538:

Middle ear pathologies were explored with the identical technique, and the status of the ossicular chain was assessed as well.

(anatomy) Related to or composed of ossicles.


plegia

plegia (countable and uncountable, plural plegias)

Diagnoses such as drug abuse, congestive heart failure, cirrhosis, depression/anxiety/psychosis, dementia, diabetes, malignancy or tumor, plegia, and renal disease increased the risk of not being treated.

2015 July 14, “Correlates of Initiation of Treatment for Chronic Hepatitis C Infection in United States Veterans, 2004–2009”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


vastatin

(medicine) Any of a specific type of statins


occipitomastoid

The practitioner sits behind the participant’s head, contacts participant’s lateral protuberances of the squama occipitalis (medially to the occipitomastoid suture) with the thenar eminence of both hands.

2015 July 13, Wagner Rodrigues Martins et al., “Immediate changes in electroencephalography activity in individuals with nonspecific chronic low back pain after cranial osteopathic manipulative treatment: study protocol of a randomized, controlled crossover trial”, in BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, volume 15, →DOI:

(anatomy) Relating to, or connecting the occipital and mastoid bones


arrhythmogenesis

The proband’s sister also carried this duplication, but had never presented signs of arrhythmogenesis.

2015 July 15, “Comprehensive Genetic Characterization of a Spanish Brugada Syndrome Cohort”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(pathology) The development or onset of arrhythmia


arrhythmogenicity

Almost half of the patients had experienced symptoms, including 2 SCD and 4 aborted SCD. Patients who had not previously experienced any signs of arrhythmogenicity despite having a BrS ECG were considered asymptomatic.

(pathology) The condition of being arrhythmogenic


intracranium

The BCV compression with jugular reflux to the intracranium has been accidentally found in patients receiving dynamic brain scintigraphy or brain MR imaging [19 ,20 ,29 ,33 ], with the frequency of this phenomenon estimated at about 0·2% to 0·4% [19 ], and the association between BCV compression to TGA has been previously proposed by our team [19 ].

2015 July 15, “Obstruction of Venous Drainage Linked to Transient Global Amnesia”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


bromodosis

Copywriters soon discovered and labeled over a hundred new diseases, including such transparent imitations as "bromodosis" (sweaty foot odors), "homotosis" (lack of attractive home furnishings), "acidosis" (sour stomach), and such inventive afflictions as "office hips," "ashtray breath," and "accelerator toe."

1992, Jean Folkerts, Media voices: an historical perspective: an anthology, page 285:

Li Zhixiang, a member of the PAP, which is estimated to have more than one million members, said the new shoes had dealt a body blow to bromodosis.

2015 July 22, Tom Phillips, “China's military gives 'liberation shoes' the boot in war on smelly feet”, in The Guardian:

(medicine, rare, obsolete or historical) Body odour affecting the feet.


shiverer

These iOPCs had the ability to differentiate into oligodendrocytes in vitro and to myelinate host axons after transplantation into the demyelinated shiverer mouse brain.

2014 December 29, Mohamad Khazaei et al., “The Potential for iPS-Derived Stem Cells as a Therapeutic Strategy for Spinal Cord Injury: Opportunities and Challenges”, in Journal of Clinical Medicine, volume 4, →DOI:

(genetics) A mouse mutation characterised by tremors.


aprismatic

In both insectivores and rodents, the pigmented layer is composed of iron directly contained in the matrix of the superficial aprismatic enamel [55 ,56 ].

2015 July 16, “Red Iron-Pigmented Tooth Enamel in a Multituberculate Mammal from the Late Cretaceous Transylvanian “Haţeg Island””, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(odontology, of a layer of tooth enamel) Lacking prisms


chimerization

chimerization (countable and uncountable, plural chimerizations)

Since EpCAM RNA aptamer was shown to get internalized by endocytosis, it would be capable of delivering siRNA into the cell upon chimerization.

2015 July 16, “EpCAM Aptamer-siRNA Chimera Targets and Regress Epithelial Cancer”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(genetics) The formation of a chimeric gene


concatemerization

(genetics) The formation of DNA concatemers


reality principle

"What you're really talking about is the concept of postponed gratification," Dr. New says. "Freud said that one of the major ways to look at development is the task of the individual to subordinate the pleasure principle to the reality principle and that is a slow process."

1983 August 14, Harvey D. Shapiro, “Personal Finance: Summer Jobs—A Lesson in Economics I”, in New York Times, retrieved 2015-07-22:

A flaky mom, restless with unrealized dreams. A wise child, stubbornly asserting the reality principle. . . . It is one of feminism's Ur-legends, the stuff of countless contemporary novels and films.

1999 November 22, Richard Schickel, “Cinema: Travels with Mommy”, in Time, retrieved 2015-07-22:

At first, we're likely to warm to Dean's exuberance and take against the apparently entrenched sourness of Cindy, who seems a slave to the reality principle; yet she is the only one of the pair who's remotely facing up to life's routine demands.

2011 Jan. 16, Jonathan Romney, "Blue Valentine" (film review), Independent (UK) (retrieved 22 July 2015)

(psychology, psychoanalysis, Freudianism, often hyphenated when used attributively) The mental mechanism which guides a person, as he or she matures, in adapting to and coping with the real, external world, by suppressing or deferring the childish gratification-seeking desires of the id.

現實原則 /现实原则

mechanism which guides a person in coping with the real world


off time

off time (countable and uncountable, plural off times)

Frequently, the first "off" time is experienced after the longest delay between two doses of medication, which is usually between the last does in the evening and the first does in the morning.

2012, Ronald F. Pfeiffer, Zbigniew K. Wszolek, Manuchair Ebadi, Parkinson's Disease, Second Edition, →ISBN, page 1047:

Adding an inhibitor of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), an enzyme involved in the breakdown of levodopa and dopamine, can help prolong the duration of action of levodopa and reduce OFF time.

2013, David Burn, Oxford Textbook of Movement Disorders, →ISBN, page 84:

(medicine) Time when the medication for a chronic condition is less effective in controlling symptoms.


pudenda muliebria

(anatomy, euphemistic) Vagina; female genitals.


epicarditis

Mild to severe endo-and myocarditis was accompanied by a similar degree of epicarditis.

2015 July 16, “First Description of a New Disease in Rainbow Trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum)) Similar to Heart and Skeletal Muscle Inflammation (HSMI) and Detection of a Gene Sequence Related to Piscine Orthoreovirus (PRV)”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(pathology) inflammation of the epicardium


glomerulotubular

Consequently, such a glomerulotubular cross-talk theory via TNFα pathway activation and proinflammatory reaction may be a clue to explain our findings.

2015 July 16, “Circulating Tumor Necrosis Factor α Receptors Predict the Outcomes of Human IgA Nephropathy: A Prospective Cohort Study”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(anatomy) Relating to the glomerulus and the renal tubules


hypersynchronize

en-verb

hypersynchronize (third-person singular simple present hypersynchronizes, present participle hypersynchronizing, simple past and past participle hypersynchronized)

hypersynchronizes (present singular third-person)
hypersynchronizing (participle present)
hypersynchronized (participle past)
hypersynchronized (past)

(physiology) To cause excessive excitability of a large group of neurons


immunoparalysis

However, during systemic inflammation, immunoparalysis may occur resulting in neutrophil dysfunction.

2015 July 16, “CD66b Overexpression and Loss of C5a Receptors as Surface Markers for Staphylococcus aureus -Induced Neutrophil Dysfunction”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(immunology) prolonged monocyte / leukocyte antigen depression


intraplacental

It has also been evidenced in placental epithelium, where it replicates (especially within intraplacental inflammatory infiltrates) without causing any specific histological lesions.

2015 July 16, “Molecular Characterization of the First Bovine Herpesvirus 4 (BoHV-4) Strains Isolated from In Vitro Bovine Embryos production in Argentina”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


leptospiremia

The lack of agreement between molecular testing and single-specimen MAT likely resulted from the clearance of leptospiremia coinciding with the appearance of agglutinating antibodies in serum during the immune phase of illness [2 ,3 ,22 ].

2015 July 16, “Reverse-Transcriptase PCR Detection of Leptospira : Absence of Agreement with Single-Specimen Microscopic Agglutination Testing”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(pathology) The presence of leptospirae in the blood


lusitropic

We also found that SRTX-b exerted a negative lusitropic effect i.e impairment of LV relaxation as reflected by an increased Tau, the relaxation time constant.

15 July 2015, Yazine Mahjoub, Stéphanie Malaquin, Gilles Mourier, Emmanuel Lorne, Osama Abou Arab, Ziad A. Massy, Hervé Dupont, Frédéric Ducancel, “Short- versus long-sarafotoxins: two structurally related snake toxins with very different in vivo haemodynamic effects”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(physiology) relating to or producing lusitropy


lusitropy

Derived from Ancient Greek λῠ́σῐς (lŭ́sĭs, “loosing, releasing, ransoming”, noun) + -tropy (“condition of exhibiting (such) a behavior”).


macrosteatosis

These include: the use of marginal donors, an ill-defined group comprised of donors over the age of 60; donors with greater than 30% hypernatremia or macrosteatosis; donors with positive serologies for the hepatitis C or hepatitis B virus; donors with a cold ischemia time of greater than 12 hours; non-heart-beating donors; and grafts from split-livers or living-related donors.

2015 July 16, “Future Economics of Liver Transplantation: A 20-Year Cost Modeling Forecast and the Prospect of Bioengineering Autologous Liver Grafts”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


mycobacteremia

en-noun

mycobacteremia (countable and uncountable, plural mycobacteremias)

The lack of an association with particular strain lineages suggests that host factors predominate in the breakdown towards mycobacteremia.

2015 July 16, “High Genotypic Discordance of Concurrent Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates from Sputum and Blood of HIV-Infected Individuals”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(pathology) The presence of mycobacteria in the blood


supraglottal

Laryngeal examinations almost always reveal diffuse but variably severe supraglottal and glottal erythema and edema.

2015 July 16, “Association between Chronic Laryngitis and Particulate Matter Based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008–2012”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


triallelic

We excluded sites where the outgroup reference was in disagreement with both the D. yakuba reference and D. yakuba SNPs, as well as triallelic SNPs, sites with reference sequence of ‘N’, or SNPs identified in the VCF for the reference, suggesting inaccuracies in reference assembly or residual heterozygosity in the reference.

2015 July 16, “Tandem Duplications and the Limits of Natural Selection in Drosophila yakuba and Drosophila simulans”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(genetics) Having three different alleles at the same locus


vasoregression

Of note, the relationship between BMI and DR only exists in the diabetic vasoregression stage (any retinopathy), but not in more severe stages (i.e. increased permeability (DME) or angiogenesis (PDR)).

2015 July 16, “Risk Factors for Retinopathy and DME in Type 2 Diabetes—Results from the German/Austrian DPV Database”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


obinutuzumab

From [Term?] + -tu- (“tumor”) + -zumab (“humanized monoclonal antibody”).

af

Recently, mogamulizumab (anti-CCR4 antibody, Kyowa Hakko Kirin) and obinutuzumab (anti-CD20 antibody, Genentech/Roche) with depleted core fucoses have been approved for marketing, and several glycoengineered antibodies are in clinical studies and are being developed as next generation therapeutic monoclonal antibodies.

2015 July 23, “Glycoengineered Monoclonal Antibodies with Homogeneous Glycan (M3, G0, G2, and A2) Using a Chemoenzymatic Approach Have Different Affinities for FcγRIIIa and Variable Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity Activities”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


nivolumab

From -l- (“immunomodulating”) + -umab (“human monoclonal antibody”).

checkpoint inhibitor
checkpoint inhibitor

(pharmacology) a human IgG4 anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody, acting as a checkpoint inhibitor, thus allowing activated T cells to attack cancer cells


paritaprevir

From [Term?] + -previr (“hepatitis C virus protease inhibitor”).

(pharmacology) An acylsulfonamide inhibitor of the NS3-4A serine protease, under investigation for the treatment of hepatitis C.


mometasone

From [Term?] + -metasone (“prednisone or prednisolone derivative”).

The ICS formulations reported in the trials included beclometasone, budesonide, ciclesonide, flunisolide, fluticasone, and mometasone.

2015 July 21, “Impact of Inhaled Corticosteroids on Growth in Children with Asthma: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(pharmacology) A glucocorticosteroid drug used topically in the furoate form to reduce inflammation.


zibotentan

From [Term?] + -entan (“endothelin receptor antagonist”).

The indirect comparisons showed that there were no significant differences between zibotentan plus docetaxel versus atrasentan plus docetaxel when compared with docetaxel alone or zibotentan versus atrasenta compared with placebo in the improvement of PFS, OS, TTP, and total adverse events.

2015 July 21, “A Meta-Analysis and Indirect Comparison of Endothelin A Receptor Antagonist for Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(pharmacology) An endothelin receptor antagonist under investigation as an anticancer drug.


ombitasvir

(pharmacology) A particular antiviral drug for the treatment of hepatitis C virus.