retain

en-verb

retain (third-person singular simple present retains, present participle retaining, simple past and past participle retained)

retains (present singular third-person)
retaining (participle present)
retained (participle past)
retained (past)
retain (infinitive)

From Late Middle English reteinen, retein (“to continue to keep, retain; to continue to possess; to possess; to contain; to draw back, retire; to hold back, restrain; to keep in mind, remember; to take back, repossess; to appoint; to engage in one’s service, employ, hire”) [and other forms], from Anglo-Norman reteiner, retenir [and other forms], Middle French retenir, and Old French retenir (“to keep back, retain; to keep, maintain, preserve; to possess; to engage in one’s service, employ; to detain; to hold back, restrain; to remember”) (modern French retenir), from Vulgar Latin *retinīre, from Latin retinēre, the present active infinitive of retineō (“to keep or hold back, detain, retain; to hold in check, stop; to hold fast, maintain; to keep in mind, remember”) (compare Late Latin retineō (“to keep engaged in one’s service”)), from re- (prefix meaning ‘again’) + teneō (“to grasp, hold; to hold fast, restrain; to possess; to keep in mind, remember”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ten- (“to extend, stretch”)).
Sense 1.10 (“to declare (a sin) not forgiven”) is derived from John 20:23 in the Bible, in Late Latin quorum retinueritis, retenta sunt, and in Koine Greek ἄν τινων κρατῆτε, κεκράτηνται: see the 1526 quotation.
Cognates
* Catalan retenir
* Italian retenere (obsolete), ritenere
* Portuguese reter
* Spanish retener

nb...

retainen, retayne, reteign, reteigne, reteine, retene, retenne, reteyene, reteygn, reteygne, reteyign, reteyn, reteyne, retine

restenir, reteigner, reteingner, retener, retenier, retiner

lang

ἄν τινων κρατῆτε, κεκράτηνται

ἄν τινων κρατῆτε, κεκράτηνται

أَبْقَى

to keep (something) in control or possession; to continue having (something)

Of a thing: to hold or keep (something) inside it; to contain.

(medicine) To hold back (tissue or a substance, especially urine) in the body or a body organ.

pidättää

to hold back (tissue or a substance, especially urine) in the body or a body organ

(medicine) Of a body or body organ: to hold back tissue or a substance.

pidättää

of a body or body organ: to hold back tissue or a substance


rete

(anatomy) A network of blood vessels or nerves.


angina

en-noun

angina (countable and uncountable, plural anginas)

From Latin angina (“quinsy; strangling, choking”), from angō (“to press together, to choke, to hurt (cause pain)”).

bor

(pathology) An inflammatory infection of the throat, particularly quinsy.

(pathology, cardiology) A chest pain or shortness of breath occurring with lesser degrees of arterial blockage.


angina pectoris

/ˈændʒɪnə ˈpɛktəˌɹɪs/

/ænˈdʒaɪnə ˈpɛktəˌɹɪs/

Learned borrowing from New Latin angina pectoris (1700s).

lbor

(cardiology, pathology) Intermittent crushing chest pain caused by reversible myocardial ischemia.


septicemia

en-noun

septicemia (countable and uncountable, plural septicemias)

Borrowed from New Latin sēpticaemia, from Latin sēpticus + -aemia.

(medicine, pathology) A disease caused by the presence of pathogenic organisms, especially bacteria, or their toxins, in the bloodstream, characterized by chills and fever.

се́псис

disease caused by pathogens in the blood


asepsis

asepsis (usually uncountable, plural asepses)

(pathology) The state of being free from sepsis.

(pathology) The process of removing pathogenic organisms or protecting against such organisms.


atrophy

atrophy (countable and uncountable, plural atrophies)

Borrowed from French atrophie, from Latin atrophia, from Ancient Greek ἀτροφία (atrophía, “a wasting away”), from ἄτροφος (átrophos, “ill-fed, un-nourished”), from ἀ- (a-, “not”) + τροφή (trophḗ, “nourishment”), from τρέφω (tréphō, “I fatten”). Equivalent to a- + -trophy.

der

(pathology) A reduction in the functionality of an organ caused by disease, injury or lack of use.


hypertrophy

en-noun

hypertrophy (countable and uncountable, plural hypertrophies)

From French hypertrophie, from Ancient Greek ὑπέρ (hupér, “over, excessive”) + τροφή (trophḗ, “nourishment”), equivalent to hyper- + -trophy.

der

Ectopic chondrocyte hypertrophy has been demonstrated in OA, suggesting that the pathogenetical process involves a recapitulation of endochondral ossification [ 11 – 13 ].

2010 January 29, Anita Woods et al., “Control of chondrocyte gene expression by actin dynamics: a novel role of cholesterol/Ror-α signalling in endochondral bone growth”, in Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, volume 13, →DOI:

(countable, medicine) An increase in the size of an organ or tissue due to the enlargement of its individual cells.

hipertròfia

an increase in the size of an organ due to swelling of the individual cells


dog food

en-noun

dog food (countable and uncountable, plural dog foods)

(slang, drugs) Heroin, typically the non-black tar type.


repose

en-verb

repose (third-person singular simple present reposes, present participle reposing, simple past and past participle reposed)

reposes (present singular third-person)
reposing (participle present)
reposed (participle past)
reposed (past)
repose (infinitive)

From Middle English reposen (“to put (something) back, replace”), from re- (prefix meaning ‘again; back, backwards’) + posen (“to place (something)”), modelled after Latin repōnō (“to put back; to restore; to store”). Posen is derived from Old French poser (“to place, put”) (modern French poser), from Vulgar Latin pausāre, from Latin pausāre, the present active infinitive of pausō (see further at etymology 1), influenced by pōnere, the present active infinitive of pōnō (“to lay, place, put”).

der

(transitive) Senses relating to returning.

(surgery) To put (a body part) back in its usual location; to reposition.

siirtää takaisin paikalleen

to put (a body part) back in its usual location; to reposition


muliebrity

en-noun

muliebrity (countable and uncountable, plural muliebrities)

From Late Latin muliebritās (“womanhood; womanliness”), from Latin muliēbris (“feminine, womanly”) + -tās (suffix forming nouns indicating a state of being); or from muliēbris + -ity; compare Middle French muliebrité. Muliēbris is derived from mulier (“woman; wife”) (from mollior (“softer; milder; weaker”), comparative form of mollis (“soft; mild, tender; weak”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *mel- (“soft; tender; weak”)) + -brīs (noun suffix denoting a person).

der

(physiology) The state of puberty in a female.


peroneal

en-adj

peroneal (comparative more peroneal, superlative most peroneal)

more peroneal (comparative)
most peroneal (superlative)

/ˌpɛː.ɹəˈniː.əl/

Charcot praised Duchenne's work on tabes, and gave the first description of sclerosis and the peroneal type of muscular atrophy.

1997, Roy Porter, The Greatest Benefit to Mankind, Folio Society, published 2016, page 526:

(anatomy) Pertaining to the fibula or to the part of the leg containing it, the outside (lateral aspect) of the lower leg (that is, what anatomical terminology calls the leg, from knee to foot).


lymph

en-noun

lymph (usually uncountable, plural lymphs)

Borrowing from French lymphe and/or Latin lympha (“clear water”), from Ancient Greek νῠ́μφη (nŭ́mphē, “bride; spring water”). Doublet of nymph.

der

(physiology) A colourless, watery, coagulable bodily fluid which bathes the tissues and is carried by the lymphatic system into the bloodstream; it resembles blood plasma in containing white blood cells and especially lymphocytes but normally few red blood cells and no platelets.

She lay face-down, an infected puncture point on the inside of her thigh oozing a faint lymph.

2000, JG Ballard, Super-Cannes, Fourth Estate 2011, page 268:

(immunology) The discharge from a sore, inflammation etc.


parental

en-adj

parental (comparative more parental, superlative most parental)

more parental (comparative)
most parental (superlative)

From Middle French parental, from Latin parentālis, from parens (“parent”).

This, following Bateson, we may call the parental generation or P generation. Subsequent generations are called filial generations (abbreviated F) and their numerical order is indicated by a subscript, [...]

1916, William E. Castle, Gregor Mendel, Genetics & Eugenics, page 101:

(genetics) Of the generation of organisms that produce a hybrid.


neutral zone

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-neutral zone.wav

(dentistry) That space in the oral cavity where the forces exerted by the musculature of the tongue are equal and balanced with the forces exerted by the buccinator muscle of the cheek laterally and the orbicularis oris muscle anteriorly.


urticaria

en-noun

urticaria (countable and uncountable, plural urticarias)

/ˌɜː.tɪˈkɛə.ɹi.ə/

Borrowed from New Latin urtīcāria, from Latin urtīca (“nettle”) + -āria.

"And the cramps when my body - like a badly articulated skeleton - would all get twisted into one rigid tangle! But now, except some dyspepsia and urticaria of the palms, I am free from pain."

1925 July – 1926 May, A[rthur] Conan Doyle, “(please specify the chapter number)”, in The Land of Mist (eBook no. 0601351h.html), Australia: Project Gutenberg Australia, published April 2019:

So when I was diagnosed with a fairly difficult-to-treat disease called idiopathic angioedema and chronic urticaria (a fancy way of saying we don’t know why you swell and hey, enjoy the 24/7 hives) six months ago, I wasn't quite sure how to cope.

2014 January 20, Simona Supekar, “How the Internet Helped Me Cope With My Rare Disease”, in The Atlantic:

(pathology) Itchy, swollen, red areas of the skin which can appear quickly in response to an allergen or other conditions.


POTS

w:postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome

(acronym, medicine) Initialism of postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome.


adherence

adherence (countable and uncountable, plural adherences)

From Middle French adhérence, from Latin adhærentia.

(medicine) An extent to which a patient continues an agreed treatment plan.


leucocythemia

leucocythemia (countable and uncountable, plural leucocythemias)

(oncology) A disease in which there is a vastly increased number of white blood cells in the blood.


haemal

From Ancient Greek αἷμα (haîma, “blood”).


anvil

From Middle English anfilt, anvelt, anfelt, from late Old English anfilt, anfilte, anfealt, from earlier onfilti (“anvil”), from Proto-West Germanic *anafalt (compare Middle Dutch anvilte, Low German Anfilts, Anefilt, Old High German anafalz), compound of *ana (“on”) + *falt (“beaten”) (compare German falzen (“to groove, fold, welt”), Swedish dialectal filta (“to beat”)), from Proto-Indo-European *pelh₂-t- (“shaken, beaten”) (compare Middle Irish lethar (“leather”), Latin pellō (“to beat, strike”), Ancient Greek πάλλω (pállō, “to toss, brandish”)), enlargement of Proto-Indo-European *pelh₂- (“to stir, move”). More at felon.

der

(anatomy) The incus bone in the middle ear.


thorax

From Latin thorax, from Ancient Greek θώραξ (thṓrax, “a breastplate, cuirass, corslet”).

Holonyms: torso, trunk; body

Meronym: chest

(anatomy) The region of the mammalian body between the neck and abdomen as well as the cavity containing the heart and lungs.


pathogen

/ˈpæθəd͡ʒn̩/

In his first book since the 2008 essay collection Natural Acts: A Sidelong View of Science and Nature, David Quammen looks at the natural world from yet another angle: the search for the next human pandemic, what epidemiologists call “the next big one.” His quest leads him around the world to study a variety of suspect zoonoses—animal-hosted pathogens that infect humans.

2013 January 7, Katie L. Burke, “Ecological Dependency”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 1, archived from the original on 2017-02-09, page 64:

(pathology, immunology) An agent that can cause disease, especially an infectious microorganism, such as a bacterium, virus, protozoon or fungus.

sëmundjeshkaktues

any organism or substance that causes disease


cellule

Borrowed from Latin cellula (“a small apartment”), diminutive of cella.

Their structure in these two species does not resemble that of the cellules.

1984, T.L. Simpson, The Cell Biology of Sponges:


API

(pharmacology) Initialism of active pharmaceutical ingredient.


primo

Borrowed from Italian primo (“first”). Doublet of prime and primus.

(slang, drugs) A marijuana cigarette that has been laced with cocaine or heroin.


iliac artery

(anatomy) One of the large arteries supplying blood to the pelvis and legs.


ulcus

From Latin ulcus (“sore”). Doublet of ulcer.

He also likes the vapor-cauterization of Wesseli (100° C.), which does not produce an action at a distance. It also helps for deep scrophulous ulcera.

1916, Ophthalmology: Essays, Abstracts and Reviews, volume 12, page 150:

By the observations and experiments of numbers of clinicians and investigators it has become certain now that the central brain, particularly the hypothalamus, is of great importance for the origin of erosions and ulcera of the stomach.

1954, Jules Samuels, Endogenous Endocrinotherapy, Including the Causal Cure of Cancer: Compendium, Amsterdam: N.V. Cycloscoop, page 316:

V. E., ♀.born 1920 (File Nr. 27, 26 October to 8 January 1954). Gastrectomy in March 1953 because of multiple ulcera of the stomach.

1957, Experimental Medicine and Surgery, New York: Brooklyn Medical Press, page 163:

More than 80% of all ulcera of the stomach in humans can be found along the lesser curvature (Haftner, 1965; Kommerell & Reiferscheid, 1979) and HCI and pepsin are supposed to be related to the aetiology of the ulcera.

1988, Peter Langer, The Mammalian Herbivore Stomach: Comparative Anatomy, Function, and Evolution, Gustav Fischer Verlag, →ISBN, page 408:


dysuria

en-noun

dysuria (countable and uncountable, plural dysurias)

A cystometrogram differentiates "active" and "passive" types of normal bladders, accounting for some instances of enuresis and mild forms of dysurias and, as prolonged bladder distention can be maintained at any point for any period, it is possible occasionally to use the cystometric procedure as a therapeutic agent to relieve dysurias due to a spastic bladder musculature.

1929, The American Journal of Syphilis, volume 13, page 390:

2009, Scott Kahan, Redonda Miller, Ellen G. Smith, Signs and Symptoms, 2nd Edition, Wolters Kluwer (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins), page 98,
Dysuria is a painful or burning sensation during or immediately after urination caused by irritation of the urothelium and its innervation. This is a common symptom in primary care: Nearly 20% of women aged 20–55 will have at least one episode of dysuria per year, resulting in more than 8 million physician office visits annually. Women have episodes of acute dysuria much more frequently than men.

Neurologic dysurias are among the most difficult to characterize and to treat.

2012, Richard B. Ford, Elisa Mazzaferro, Kirk & Bistner's Handbook of Veterinary Procedures and Emergency Treatment, Elsevier, page 426:

(pathology) The experience or condition of experiencing pain while discharging urine, or (rarely) of having difficulty doing so.


petite

Borrowed from French petite f, feminine of petit m (“small, little”).

The primary structure of the mitochondrial genomes of these petites had been previously determined […]

2005, Giorgio Bernardi, Structural and Evolutionary Genomics, page 39:

Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Saccharomyces cerevisiae#Translingual

(genetics) A mutant first discovered in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, forming small colonies when grown in the presence of fermentable carbon sources such as glucose.


dyspnea

dyspnea (countable and uncountable, plural dyspneas)

Variant spelling of dyspnoea, a learned borrowing from Latin dyspnoea (“difficulty breathing”), from Ancient Greek δῠ́σπνοιᾰ (dŭ́spnoiă, “difficulty breathing, shortness of breath”), from δῠ́σπνοος (dŭ́spnoos, “short of breath, breathing with difficulty”, adjective) (also δῠ́σπνους (dŭ́spnous) by contraction) + -ῐᾰ (-ĭă, suffix forming abstract nouns). Δῠ́σπνοος (Dŭ́spnoos) is derived from δῠσ- (dŭs-, prefix meaning ‘bad; difficult, hard; unfortunate’) + πνέω (pnéō, “to blow; to breathe”) (from Proto-Indo-European *pnew- (“to breathe; to pant”)) + -ος (-os, suffix forming adjectives). The English word is analysable as dys- (prefix meaning ‘abnormal; difficult; disease’) + -pnea (suffix meaning ‘breathing, respiration’).

affix

also <i class="Polyt mention" lang="grc">δῠ́σπνους</i> (dŭ́spnous) by contraction

confix

In a Diſpnœa, the breath is thick, vvithout noiſe or anhelation, and vvith leſs trouble.

1655, Lazarus Riverius [i.e., Lazare Rivière], “Of Asthma, or Difficulty of Breathing”, in Nicholas Culpeper, Abdiah Cole, and William Rowland, transl., The Practice of Physick, […], London: […] Peter Cole, […], →OCLC, 7th book (Of the Diseases of the Breast), page 148:

During August the tumor again grew rapidly, causing dyspnœa, constipation and general malaise.

1888, R[euben] Ludlam, “Lecture LIX. Ovariotomy.”, in Medical and Surgical Lectures on the Diseases of Women, a Clinical and Systematic Treatise. […], 6th edition, Chicago, Ill.: Halsey Brothers, →OCLC, page 962:

(pathology) Difficult or laboured breathing.


dysphagia

en-noun

dysphagia (countable and uncountable, plural dysphagias)

If the sensory branches of the laryngeal nerve (superior laryngeal nerve) are paralysed, the danger is great, for the patients, owing to the abolished reflex action, are prone to misswallow (dysphagia) , and become subject to "foreign body pneumonia."

1910, Alfred Bruck, F. W. Forbes Ross, The Diseases of the Nose, Mouth, Pharynx and Larynx, page 305:


dysphasia

dysphasia (countable and uncountable, plural dysphasias)

(medicine, psychology) Loss of or deficiency in the power to use or understand language as a result of injury or disease of the brain.

aphasia

language impairment specifically due to brain damage

dysarthria

language impairment due to neuromuscular or other structural problems rather than cognitive problems


dysarthria

dysarthria (countable and uncountable, plural dysarthrias)

From international scientific vocabulary, from German Dysarthrie, from New Latin, using the combining forms dys- + arthr- + -ia.

acetylcholine receptors
acetylcholine receptor

(neurology, neuropsychology) Difficulty in articulating words due to a disturbance in the form or function of the structures that modulate voice into speech; one of the first indicative symptoms of myasthenia gravis, brought about by an autoimmune response to acetylcholine receptors.

classical compound
dysarthria
international scientific vocabulary

dysphasia

language impairment due to cognitive problems rather than neuromuscular or other structural problems


dysphonia

dysphonia (countable and uncountable, plural dysphonias)

From Ancient Greek δυσ- (dus-, “ill, hard”) + φωνή (phōnḗ, “sound, voice”).

In patients with spasmodic dysphonia, the current treatment that is most commonly offered is by selective injection of botulinum toxin (BOTOX) into the most affected muscles.

2009, Peak Woo, Stroboscopy, Plural Publishing, →ISBN, page 339:

(medicine) A difficulty in producing vocal sounds.


pernicious anemia

pernicious anemia (countable and uncountable, plural pernicious anemias)

(pathology) A severe form of anemia caused by vitamin B₁₂ insufficiency.


episiotomy

/ˌɛpəsaɪˈɒtəmiː/

From episio- + -tomy (“surgical incision”), from Ancient Greek ἐπίσιον (epísion, “pubic region”) + τέμνω (témnō, “I cut”)).

der

The following eight hours were the worst of my life that haven't ended in an episiotomy.

(medicine) A surgical incision through the perineum made to enlarge the vagina and assist childbirth.


EMS

“Training to be a paramedic.”
“EMS? For real? You want to scrape drunks off the sidewalk for a living?”
“I want to do something that matters, if that’s what you mean.”

2014, Emily St. John Mandel, Station Eleven, Picador (2022), page 10:

(US, medicine) emergency medical service: an organization, often part of a local government whose purpose is to provide emergency medical care to the public.


intrathecal

confix

theca<id:portion of dura mater covering spinal cord>

(medicine) Delivered into the spinal canal (intrathecal space surrounding the spinal cord), e.g. a spinal anesthesia.


nihilism

en-noun

nihilism (countable and uncountable, plural nihilisms)

Probably borrowed from French nihilisme, German Nihilismus, or Late Latin nihilismus; the French, German, and Latin words are derived from Latin nihil (“indefinite nothing”), from nihilum (“nothing”), from ne- (prefix negating the principal meaning) + hīlum (“a trifle; not in the least”). The English word is cognate with Italian nichilismo, Spanish nihilismo, Russian нигили́зм (nigilízm), philosophical doctrine grounded on negation of one or more meaningful aspects of life; emptiness; lack of education and cultural refinement.

Individuals with schizophrenia often cycle between nihilistic and solipsistic moods—when in the grip of nihilism they appear to have lost experiential contact with their very existence, [...]

2009, Tim Bayne, “solipsism”, in edited by Tim Bayne, Axel Cleeremans, and Patrick Wilken, The Oxford Companion to Consciousness, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 608, column 2:

Melancholia is the most typical and classical presentation of depression with several compelling features such as impoverishment of emotional life and delusions of nihilism or guilt.

2009, Arjan W. Braam, “Religion/Spirituality and Mood Disorders”, in edited by Philippe Huguelet and Harold G. Koenig, Religion and Spirituality in Psychiatry, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 97, column 2:

(uncountable, psychiatry) A delusion that oneself or the world, or parts thereof, have ceased to exist.


PDA

PDA (countable and uncountable, plural PDAs)

patent ductus arteriosus
patent ductus arteriosus#English

(medicine) Initialism of patent ductus arteriosus.

(medicine) Initialism of peridural anesthesia.


RTA

RTA (countable and uncountable, plural RTAs)

renal tubular acidosis
w:renal tubular acidosis

(medicine) Initialism of renal tubular acidosis.


MRSA

MRSA (usually uncountable, plural MRSAs)

Staphylococcus aureus
Staphylococcus aureus#Translingual

(microbiology, medicine) Initialism of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; a bacterium responsible for serious infections.

MRSA

initialism or acronym for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus


MCO

(medicine, healthcare) Initialism of managed care organization.


preparation

preparation (countable and uncountable, plural preparations)

/ˌpɹɛpəˈɹeɪʃən/

From Middle English preparacion, from Middle French preparacion, from Latin praeparatio, praeparationem.
Morphologically prepare + -ation

(anatomy) A part of any animal body preserved as a specimen.


theater

theater (countable and uncountable, plural theaters)

/t̪ɪˈeːʈə(ɾ)/

/ˈt̪eːʈə(ɾ)/

(US, Canada, Southern American English) -iːtə(ɹ)

From Middle English theater, theatre, from Old French theatre, from Latin theatrum, from Ancient Greek θέατρον (théatron, “a place for viewing”), from θεάομαι (theáomai, “to see", "to watch", "to observe”). Doublet of tiatr.

theatre

standard spelling in all English-speaking countries that use British spelling

This man is about to die, get him into theater at once!

(medicine) An operating theatre or locale for human experimentation.


mandible

From late Middle English, from Late Latin mandibula (“a jaw”), from mandō (“to chew, masticate”) + -bula (instrument noun suffix).

af

Coordinate term: maxilla

The jaw or a jawbone, especially the lower jawbone in mammals and fishes.

Either of the upper and lower segments of a bird's beak.

Any of various invertebrate mouthparts serving to hold or bite food materials.

One of the anterior pair of mouthparts of an arthropod, designed for holding and cutting food.


exsanguination

en-noun

exsanguination (countable and uncountable, plural exsanguinations)

(pathology) Excessive loss of blood due to hemorrhage.

кровопотеря

excessive loss of blood due to hemorrhage


centrum

From Middle English centrum, from Latin centrum. Doublet of centre.

The central body of a vertebra; the solid piece to which the arches and some other parts are or may be attached.

The basis or fundamental portion of one of the cranial segments, regarded as analogous to vertebrae.


typhoid fever

typhoid fever (countable and uncountable, plural typhoid fevers)

The great French microbiologist Louis Pasteur [...] lost three of his five children to typhoid fever.

2019, Bill Bryson, The Body: A Guide for Occupants, Black Swan (2020), page 377:

(pathology) An illness caused by the bacterium serovar Salmonella Typhi. Not to be confused with typhus.


typhus

typhus (usually uncountable, plural typhuses)

From New Latin typhus, from Ancient Greek τῦφος (tûphos, “fever, stupor”), from τύφω (túphō, “to smoke”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ-, extended form of *dʰew- (“scatter like dust”).

der

Typhoid and typhus have similar names and symptoms, but are different diseases.

(pathology) Any of several similar diseases, characterised by high recurrent fever, caused by Rickettsia bacteria. Not to be confused with typhoid fever.


superego

From super + ego, from earlier form super-ego, calqued after German Über-Ich, from über- (“super-”) + Ich (“ego”), from the pronoun ich (“I”).

Still, it would be an error to believe that psychoanalytic theory makes no contribution to describing and assessing different types of ethical conduct. The crucial notion in this connection is the relative rigidity or flexibility of the superego. The childish, immature, or neurotic superego is rigid; it is characterized by slavish adherence to rules which, moreover, may not be clearly understood. The mature or normal superego, on the other hand, is flexible; it can evaluate the situation at hand and modify the rules accordingly. Thus, in an early, classic paper, Strachey suggested that the basic aim of psychoanalytic treatment is to make such “mutative interpretations” as would help to render the patient’s “rigid superego” more “flexible”.⁸ Like the psychoanalytic theory of the superego, on which it is based, this view suffers from the limitation of being silent on what sort of rigidity is considered bad or undesirable and what sort of flexibility is considered good or desirable.

1974, Thomas S. Szasz, chapter 9, in The Myth of Mental Illness, →ISBN, page 152:

(psychoanalysis) The part of the mind that acts as a self-critical conscience, reflecting social standards that have been learnt.


Oedipus complex

en-noun

Oedipus complex (plural Oedipus complexes)

Named after Oedipus in Greek mythology, who unwittingly killed his father and married his mother.

(psychoanalysis) In Freudian theory, the complex of emotions aroused in a child by an unconscious sexual desire for the parent of the opposite sex.


Oedipal

(psychoanalysis) Of or relating to the Oedipus complex.


Freudian

en-adj

Freudian (comparative more Freudian, superlative most Freudian)

more Freudian (comparative)
most Freudian (superlative)

(psychoanalysis) Susceptible to analysis in terms of unconscious thoughts or desires.

freudiansk

susceptible to analysis in terms of unconscious thoughts or desires


electroconvulsive therapy

en-noun

electroconvulsive therapy (usually uncountable, plural electroconvulsive therapies)

The therapeutic effects of low and high energy electroconvulsive therapies are quite different.

(medicine) A biomedical therapy for severely depressed patients in which a brief electric current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient.

電痙攣療法 /电痉挛疗法

biomedical therapy using electrical current


infantilism

infantilism (usually uncountable, plural infantilisms)

A craniopharyngioma may produce infantilism.

(pathology) An appearance like (that of) an infant.


somniferous

en-adj

somniferous (comparative more somniferous, superlative most somniferous)

more somniferous (comparative)
most somniferous (superlative)

From Latin somnifer + -ous, from somnus (“sleep”) + ferre (“to bring”).

(pharmacology) causing or inducing sleep, normally with harmful overtones.


cancerous

cancerous (comparative more cancerous, superlative most cancerous)

more cancerous (comparative)
most cancerous (superlative)

From cancer + -ous, from Latin cancer (“crab; tumor, cancer”).

On Sunday at five they operated to remove the cancerous kidney.

2002, Zadie Smith, The Autograph Man, Penguin Books (2003), page 368:

(oncology) Relating to or affected with cancer.


tandem

en-noun

tandem (countable and uncountable, plural tandems)

PIE word
 *téh₂m
The noun is borrowed from Latin tandem (“of time: at last, at length, finally”), applied humorously in English to two horses harnessed “at length” (that is, in a single line) instead of side-by-side. Tandem is derived from tam (“so, to such an extent”) + -dem (demonstrative suffix).
The adjective, adverb, and verb are derived from the noun.

tandem

carriage pulled by two or more draught animals harnessed one behind the other; two draught animals harnessed one behind the other

tandem-

thing with two components arranged one behind the other

If an interstitial implant is placed in a patient with an intact uterus, a tandem should be inserted and loaded with cesium 137 or iridium 192.

2007, Akila N. Viswanathan, Daniel G. Petereit, “Gynecologic Brachytherapy”, in Phillip M. Devlin, editor, Brachytherapy: Applications and Techniques, Philadelphia, Pa.: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, →ISBN, page 236:

(medicine) A hollow metal tube containing radioactive material, inserted through the vagina into the uterus to treat gynecological cancer.


dehisce

en-verb

dehisce (third-person singular simple present dehisces, present participle dehiscing, simple past and past participle dehisced)

dehisces (present singular third-person)
dehiscing (participle present)
dehisced (participle past)
dehisced (past)

From Latin de- + hisco (“to split”), from hiare (“to be open”); related to hiatus.

A surgical wound may partially or completely dehisce after surgery, depending upon whether some or all of the layers of tissue come open.

(intransitive, medicine) To rupture or break open, as a surgical wound.


penicillin

en-noun

penicillin (countable and uncountable, plural penicillins)

From translingual Penicillium + -in. Coined by Alexander Fleming after Penicillium notatum (now Penicillium chrysogenum), a fungus from which penicillin is obtained.

(pharmacology) Any of a group of narrow-spectrum antibiotics obtained from Penicillium molds or synthesized, that have a beta-lactam structure and are active against gram-positive bacteria and used in the treatment of various infections and diseases.


integrate

en-verb

integrate (third-person singular simple present integrates, present participle integrating, simple past and past participle integrated)

integrates (present singular third-person)
integrating (participle present)
integrated (participle past)
integrated (past)

/ˈɪn.təˌɡɹeɪt/

/ˈɪn.tɪ.ɡɹæɪt/

Borrowed from Latin integrātus, perfect participle of integrō (“I make whole, I renew, I repair, I begin again”), from integer (“whole, fresh”); see integer, integral.

(genetics) To combine compatible elements in order to incorporate them.


acetylsalicylic acid

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) The acetate ester of salicylic acid (aspirin).

àcid acetilsalicílic

acetate ester of salicylic acid; aspirin


hydroxy

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-hydroxy.wav

So, we know from that standpoint — because it’s been so many years, from a safety standpoint, it’s safe. I happen to think, based on what I’ve read — I’ve read a lot about hydroxy. I happen to think that it has an impact, especially at the early years.

2020 July 28, Remarks by President Trump in Press Briefing:

(informal, pharmacology) Clipping of hydroxychloroquine.


pharmaceutical

From pharmaceutic + -al, from Latin pharmaceuticus (“of drugs”), from Ancient Greek φαρμακευτικός (pharmakeutikós, “drug maker”).

der

φαρμακευτικός

(medicine, pharmacy, pharmacology) Of or relating to pharmacy or pharmacists.

farmaseuties

of, or relating to pharmacy or pharmacists


pharmaceutical

φαρμακευτικός

(medicine, pharmacy, pharmacology) A pharmaceutical or pharmacological preparation or product; a drug.


furcula

(anatomy) A forked process or structure, generally two-pronged.


furuncle

/ˈfjʊɹˌʌŋ.kəl/

Late Middle English, borrowed from Latin fūrunculus (“a petty thief, pilferer; a pointed burning sore, boil”), diminutive of fūr (“a thief”).

(pathology) A boil or infected, inflamed, pus-filled sore.


centrale

(anatomy) The central, or one of the central, bones of the carpus or tarsus in most vertebrates. In the human tarsus it is represented by the navicular.


cartilaginous

en-adj

cartilaginous (comparative more cartilaginous, superlative most cartilaginous)

more cartilaginous (comparative)
most cartilaginous (superlative)

Borrowed from Latin cartilāginōsus (“full of cartilage, very gristly”), from cartilāgō (“cartilage, gristle”) + -ōsus (“-ous, -ose”); compare French cartilagineux. Equivalent to cartilage + -ous, with modifications made to its morphology.

af

(anatomy) Comprising soft cartilage rather than bone.

Cartilaginous fish such as the angler fish have a skeletal structure made up of cartilage.

[T]here are other Bodies beſides Shells found in the Earth, reſembling the Teeth and Bones of ſome Fiſhes, […] the Vertebres of Thornbacks and other Cartilagineous Fiſhes there found, and ſold for Stones among the Gloſſopetræ, […]

1692, John Ray, “Of Formed Stones, Sea-shells, and Other Marine-like Bodies Found at Great Distances from the Shores?”, in Miscellaneous Discourses Concerning the Dissolution and Changes of the World. […], London: […] Samuel Smith, […], →OCLC, page 109:

(zoology, of a vertebrate animal) Having a skeleton of cartilage.


secretagogue

/sɪˈkɹiː.təɡ.ɒɡ/

/sɪˈkɹiː.təˌɡɑɡ/

(physiology, medicine) A substance which promotes secretion of another, such as a hormone (e.g., insulin), saliva, or lymph.


proteinuria

en-noun

proteinuria (countable and uncountable, plural proteinurias)

(medicine) The presence of protein in the urine.


viscus

From Latin viscus (“any internal organ of the body”), perhaps akin to viscid.

bor

(anatomy) One of the organs, as the brain, heart, or stomach, in the great cavities of the body of an animal; especially used in the plural, and applied to the organs contained in the abdomen.


Viagra

Marketing name, perhaps from Sanskrit व्याघ्र (vyāghrá, “tiger”), or perhaps based on words such as vigour, virility, victory and Niagara.

Just like any other drug that elevates any aspect or level of performance, Viagra has a pretty harsh comedown, so to speak.

2004, Jayson Gallaway, Diary of a Viagra Fiend, Simon and Schuster, →ISBN, page 49:

erectile dysfunction
erectile dysfunction

(pharmacology) A brand name of the drug sildenafil citrate, used to treat erectile dysfunction.

فِيَاغْرَا

trademark name of the drug, sildenafil citrate, used to treat erectile dysfunction


sildenafil

en-noun

sildenafil (usually uncountable, plural sildenafils)

Probably from s(ulfon)yl + -dena- (“alteration of (pyrimi)dine”) + ph(en)yl.

af

Ellis opens a file from his stack. In 1991, he says, Pfizer wanted to test the safety of what came to be known as sildenafil.

2017, David Friend, The Naughty Nineties:

(pharmacology) A drug that is used in the form of its citrate C₂₂H₃₀N₆O₄S·C₆H₈O₇ to treat erectile dysfunction in males, that by suppressing a phosphodiesterase enzyme also suppresses the enzyme's inhibitory effect on the hormone cyclic GMP, and that enables the cyclic GMP produced during sexual arousal to initiate the muscular and vascular changes which produce an erection. It is marketed under the trademarks Revatio and Viagra.


soiled

en-adj

soiled (comparative more soiled, superlative most soiled)

more soiled (comparative)
most soiled (superlative)

(healthcare, medicine) Of a patient or child, stained or dirtied by defecation.


vas

Borrowed from Latin vās (“vessel”), from 1645–1655. Doublet of vase.

(anatomy) A vessel or duct transporting any bodily fluid, such as blood, lymph, chyle, or semen.


dura mater

en-noun

dura mater (plural durae matres or dura maters)

durae matres (plural)
dura maters (plural)
dura (abbreviation)

First attested c. 1400, borrowing from Medieval Latin dūra māter (literally “firm, strict mother”), ellipsis of dūra māter cerebrī (literally “hard mother of the brain”), calque of Arabic أُمّ الدِّمَاغ الصَفِيقَة (ʔumm al-ddimāḡ aṣ-ṣafīqa, literally “thick mother of the brain”).

clq

أُمّ الدِّمَاغ الصَفِيقَة

Hmm, false membranes are adhering to the arachnoidian layer of the dura mater. I’m directing my gaze into a world of constant visibility. Where does it hurt?

1997, Chris Horrocks, Introducing Foucault, Totem Books; Icon Books, →ISBN, page 53:

(anatomy) The tough and inflexible outermost of the three layers of the meninges, enveloping the brain and spinal cord.


IED

en-noun

IED (countable and uncountable, plural IEDs)

Hippocampal sclerosis was less common in the patients with IED.

2003, Randolph B. Schiffer et al., Neuropsychiatry, 2nd edition, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, →ISBN, page 1109:

Initial concerns revolved mainly around the relationship between the interictal epileptiform discharge (IED) and the clinical diagnosis of epilepsy.

2007, Jerome Engel et al., Epilepsy: A Comprehensive Textbook, 2nd edition, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, →ISBN, page 809:

(medicine) Initialism of interictal epileptiform discharge (a type of brain waves related to epilepsy)

interictal epileptiform discharge

intermittent explosive disorder
intermittent explosive disorder#English

(medicine) Initialism of intermittent explosive disorder.


homorganic

/ˌhɑmɔɹˈɡænɪk/

/ˌhɒmɔːˈɡænɪk/

(medicine) produced by the same or homologous organs


scroll

From Middle English scrowle, scrolle, from earlier scrowe, scrouwe (influenced by Middle English rolle), from Old French escroe, escrowe, escrouwe (“scroll, strip of parchment”), from Frankish *skrōda (“a shred”), from Proto-Germanic *skraudō, from *skrew- (“to cut; cutting tool”), extension of *(s)ker- (“to cut”). Doublet of shred and escrow.


aerocolpos

/ɛːɹəʊˈkɒlpɒs/

aero- + Ancient Greek κόλπος (kólpos, “bosom, fold, womb”).

der

(rare, medicine) Vaginal gas; air or gas trapped in the vagina.


AFB

en-noun

AFB (countable and uncountable, plural AFBs)

American foulbrood
American foulbrood#English

(pathology) Initialism of American foulbrood.


ANC

ANC (countable and uncountable, plural ANCs)

On November 28 Jane's bloodwork chart provided the exaltation we looked for. The column for ANCs, resolutely 0 day after day, showed the figure 1. The single ANC was evidence that the new marrow was engrafting, beginning to produce a new immune system, the most significant marker in the journey of the hundred days.

2005, Donald Hall, The Best Day the Worst Day: Life with Jane Kenyon, Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, →ISBN, page 121:

neutrophil granulocyte
neutrophil granulocyte

(medicine, immunology) Initialism of absolute neutrophil count: a blood test measuring the number of neutrophil granulocytes.


cornea

cornea (plural corneas or corneae or (archaic) corneæ)

corneas (plural)
corneae (plural)
corneæ (archaic plural)

From Latin cornea tela (“horny tissue”), from cornu (“horn”).

Or instead of treating them with the developing solution, the corneæ may be removed to a warm, concentrated solution of tartaric acid and remain there at the temperature of an incubating stove until the gold is fully reduced.

1885, Arthur Bolles Lee, chapter XI, in The Microtomist’s Vade‐Mecum, P. Blakiston, Son & Co, page 93:

In the lateral view (fig. 26) the corneae seemed very flat, their convexity not exceeding that of the bulbi (cornea plana?);

1969, P. P. H. Alkemade, Dysgenesis Mesodermalis of the Iris and the Cornea: A Study of Rieger’s Syndrome and Peter’s Anomaly, page 119:

The corneae were swollen without major infiltrates similar to longstanding disciform edema.

1981, R. Sundmacher, D. Neumann-Haefelin, A. Mattes, K. Cantell, “Connatal Monosymptomatic Corneal Endotheliitis by Cytomegalovirus”, in Herpetic Eye Diseases, J.F. Bergmann Verlag, →ISBN, page 501:

It is well known that in clinical practice the corneae from eyes enucleated for malignant melanoma of posterior choroid are usually utilized for corneal grafting. This research refers to cases of posterior melanomas which extended anteriorly, in which the utilization of the corneae for grafting was doubtful.

1983, A. Loffredo, G. Cennamo, A. De Lellis, A. Sammartino, A. Del Prete, “Echographic Pattern Evaluation of Eyes with Choroid Melanoma for Corneal Graft Utilization”, in Jeffrey S. Hillman, Malcolm M. Le May, editors, Ophthalmic Ultrasonography: Proceedings of the 9th SIDUO Congress, Leeds, U.K. July 20-23, 1982, Dr W. Junk Publishers, Kluwer Academic Publishers Group, →ISBN, page 43:

(anatomy) The transparent layer making up the outermost front part of the eye, covering the iris, pupil, and anterior chamber.


ANA

(US, medicine) Initialism of American Nurses Association.


ATV

ATV (countable and uncountable, plural ATVs)

(pharmacology) Abbreviation of atazanavir.


Aesculapian staff

Aesculapian staff (plural Aesculapian staffs)

(medicine) A symbol of the medical profession, ⟨⚕⟩, consisting of a staff with a single snake or worm twined around it.


endocrinology

endocrinology (countable and uncountable, plural endocrinologies)

From French endocrinologie, or endocrine + -ology.

The first journal devoted to endocrinology wasnʼt founded until 1917.

2019, Bill Bryson, The Body: A Guide for Occupants, Black Swan (2020), page 169:

(physiology) The study of the endocrine glands of the human body, the hormones produced by them, and their related disorders.


erosion

erosion (countable and uncountable, plural erosions)

Guy de Chauliac
Oliver Goldsmith
Robert Copland
The Questyonary of Cyrurygens
erosion

From Middle French erosion, from Latin ērōsiō (“eating away”), derived from ērōdō.
The first known occurrence in English was in the 1541 translation by Robert Copland of Guy de Chauliac's medical text The Questyonary of Cyrurygens. Copland used erosion to describe how ulcers developed in the mouth. By 1774 erosion was used outside medical subjects. Oliver Goldsmith employed the term in the more contemporary geological context, in his book Natural History, with the quote
: "Bounds are thus put to the erosion of the earth by water."

(dentistry) Loss of tooth enamel due to non-bacteriogenic chemical processes.

(medicine) A shallow ulceration or lesion, usually involving skin or epithelial tissue.


syndrome

Learned borrowing from New Latin syndrome, from Ancient Greek συνδρομή (sundromḗ, “concurrence of symptoms, concourse”), from σύνδρομος (súndromos, “running together”), from συν- (sun-, “with”) + δρόμος (drómos, “running, course”).

der

porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome

sudden unexplained nocturnal death syndrome

Yemenite deaf-blind hypopigmentation syndrome

Down syndrome; acquired immune deficiency syndrome; restless-leg syndrome; battered-wife syndrome

A “zone of rarity” emerges when symptoms cluster neatly into syndromes and interforms are uncommon, although not altogether absent. Fuzzy boundaries and interforms are a special problem for PTSD […]

2004, Gerald Rosen, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Issues and Controversies, page 127:

Bats host many high-profile viruses that can infect humans, including severe acute respiratory syndrome and Ebola. A recent study explored the ecological variables that may contribute to bats’ propensity to harbor such zoonotic diseases by comparing them with another order of common reservoir hosts: rodents.

2013 May-June, Katie L. Burke, “In the News”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 3, page 193:

(pathology) A recognizable pattern of signs, symptoms and/or behaviours, especially of a disease or medical or psychological condition.

مُتَلَازِمَة

recognizable pattern of symptoms or behaviours


crib death

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-crib death.wav

(pathology, US) The unexplained death of a baby usually while sleeping.

mort sobtada

the unexplained death of a baby usually while sleeping


cot death

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-cot death.wav

(pathology, British) The unexplained death of a baby, usually while sleeping.


parosmia

en-noun

parosmia (countable and uncountable, plural parosmias)

From para- (prefix meaning ‘abnormal’) + -osmia (suffix denoting diseases connected to smelling).

affix

Parosmis, from παρα, "male [Latin: ‘badly; wrongly’]," and ὄζω, "oleo, olfacio;" analogously with paracusis and paropsis, and hence preferred to parosmia. The common term among nosologists is anosmia, but this only includes one species of the genus, namely, privation or destitution of smell; which, in fact, is the only one that has hitherto been introduced into nosological systems.

1817, John Mason Good, “Gen[us] III. Parosmis.”, in A Physiological System of Nosology; […], London: […] Bensley and Son, […], for E. Cox and Son, […], →OCLC, page 320:

The smell, too, is often perverted—Parosmia. The author was formerly acquainted with a lady, who scented her snuff with the tincture of assafœtida.

1842, Robley Dunglison, “Of the Neuroses”, in The Practice of Medicine; or, A Treatise on Special Pathology and Therapeutics. […], volume II, Philadelphia, Pa.: Lea and Blanchard, →OCLC, book VI (Diseases of the Nervous System), page 280:

Smell disturbances occur quite frequently after head injuries. They consist in unilateral or bilateral hypnosmia or anosmia which may be bound with spontaneous parosmias.

1949 July, F. C. Sumner, “[Part III.—Bibliography and Epitome.] Smell and Taste Disturbances after Head Injuries.”, in G. W. T. H. Fleming, editor, The Journal of Mental Science: The British Journal of Psychiatry, volume XCV, number 400, London: J[ohn] & A[ugustus] Churchill, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 767:

Parosmia has been reported by a number of patients with head trauma. In some cases, parosmia is a sign of nerve regeneration and the return (at least partially) of the sense of smell. In other cases, parosmia can be severe, persistent, and intrusive.

1996, “Smell Disorders”, in M. Eric Gershwin, Gary A. Incaudo, editors, Diseases of the Sinuses: A Comprehensive Textbook of Diagnosis and Treatment, Totowa, N.J.: Humana Press, →ISBN, part III (Clinical Disease), page 438, column 1:

Parosmias tend to decrease to a bearable level after approximately one year. However, recent work revealed that more than 50% of the parosmias are still present after two years. Over time, parosmia seems to lose its devastating effect on quality of life.

2005, B. N. Landis, T. Hummell, J.-S. Lacroix, “Basic and Clinical Aspects of Olfaction”, in J. D. Pickard, editor, Advances and Technical Standards in Neurosurgery, volume 30, Vienna: SpringerWienNewYork, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 88:

In June 2021, a study found that of 1,299 people suffering with long-Covid, that 10.8 percent or 140 of them were suffering with change in their sense of smell. Also known as parosmia, change in your sense of smell can affect everyone differen[tly].

2022 January 15, Christopher Sharp, “Covid symptoms: Five foods that could trigger parosmia – reported symptom after infection”, in Gary Jones, editor, Daily Express, London: Express Newspapers, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-04-18:

(pathology) A distorted sense of smell, often resulting in the apparent detection of non-existent smells which are mostly unpleasant.

刺激性異嗅症

しげきせいいきゅうしょう


frenetic

en-adj

frenetic (comparative more frenetic, superlative most frenetic)

more frenetic (comparative)
most frenetic (superlative)

From Middle English frenetik (also frentik, frentyk, frantike > modern English frantic), from Old French frenetike, from Latin phreneticus, from Ancient Greek φρενητικός (phrenētikós, “delirious”), from φρενῖτις (phrenîtis, “delirium”), from φρήν (phrḗn, “mind”). Doublet of frantic and phrenitic.
Etymologically, initial stress would be expected (compare the syncopic form phrentic); the modern pronunciation with stress on the second syllable is due to the influence of other words ending in -etic such as phonetic and sympathetic.

uder

(obsolete, medicine) Characterised by manifestations of delirium or madness.


approximation

en-noun

approximation (countable and uncountable, plural approximations)

/əˌpɹɔk.sɪˈmæɪ.ʃən/

[əˌpɹɔk.sɪˈmæɪ.ʃn̩]

Coordinate term: imbrication

(uncountable, countable) The act, process or result of approximating, as:

(medicine) The act of bringing together the edges of tissue to be sutured.


mastitis

mastitis (countable and uncountable, plural mastitides or mastitises)

From French mastite, derived from Ancient Greek masto- + -itis.


gathering

From Middle English gadering, from Old English gaderung (“gathering, assembly”), equivalent to gather + -ing (verbal noun ending).

inh

/ˈɡæð.ə.ɹɪŋ/

(medicine) A tumor or boil suppurated or maturated; an abscess.


ama

en-noun

ama (countable and uncountable, plural amas)

(Received Pronunciation, General American) -ɑːmə

(Ayurveda) A toxic byproduct of improper or incomplete digestion.


lenient

From Middle French lénient, from Latin lēniēns, present participle of lēnīre (“to soften, soothe”), from lēnis (“soft”).


patent

en-adj

patent (comparative more patent, superlative most patent)

more patent (comparative)
most patent (superlative)

From Middle English patent, patente (“wide open; clear, unobstructed; unlimited; of a document: available for public inspection”) [and other forms], from Anglo-Norman and Middle French patent (modern French patent), and directly from their etymon Latin patēns (“open; accessible, passable; evident, manifest; exposed, vulnerable”), the present active participle of pateō (“to be open; to be accessible, attainable; to be exposed, vulnerable; of frontiers or land: to extent, increase”), from Proto-Indo-European *peth₂- (“to spread out; to fly”).

der

[ˈpʰæ̝ʔn̩t̚]

[ˈpʰe̞ɪʔn̩t̚]

She has a patent ductus arteriosus that will require surgery to close.

(medicine) Open, unobstructed; specifically, especially of the ductus arteriosus or foramen ovale in the heart, having not closed as would have happened in normal development.

(medicine, veterinary medicine) Of an infection: in the phase when the organism causing it can be detected by clinical tests.


lymphosarcoma

en-noun

lymphosarcoma (plural lymphosarcomas or lymphosarcomata)

lymphosarcomas (plural)
lymphosarcomata (plural)

(pathology) A diffuse malignant lymphoma.


malign

en-adj

malign (comparative more malign, superlative most malign)

more malign (comparative)
most malign (superlative)

From Middle English maligne, from Old French maligne, from Latin malignus, from malus (“bad”) + genus (“sort, kind”). Compare benign.

a malign ulcer

malign ulcers

1625, Francis [Bacon], “Of Seditions and Troubles”, in The Essayes […], 3rd edition, London: […] Iohn Haviland for Hanna Barret, →OCLC:


transcription

en-noun

transcription (countable and uncountable, plural transcriptions)

From Middle French transcription, or directly from Latin transcriptiōnem, from trānscrībō (“transcribe”).

The process in which the DNA molecule unwinds, separates its two polynucleotide strands, and synthesizes an RNA molecule from one of these DNA strands is called transcription. Genes transcribe chemical messages in the form of RNA molecules. Transcription begins at some site in the DNA duplex and ends at some other point.

2001, Richard Kowles, Solving Problems in Genetics, Springer Science & Business Media, →ISBN, page 315:

(genetics) The synthesis of RNA under the direction of DNA.


transduction

transduction (countable and uncountable, plural transductions)

1650s, Latin transductionem, form of Latin trānsdūcō (“lead across”). By surface analysis, transduce + -tion.

(physiology) The conversion of a stimulus from one form to another.

transdución

physiology: the conversion of a stimulus from one form to another


genital

/ˈd͡ʒɛnətəl/

/ˈd͡ʒɛnɪtəl/

From Middle English genital, from Latin genitalis (“of or belonging to generation”), from genitus, past participle of gignō (“to beget, generate”); see genus.

der

(psychoanalysis) Of, or relating to psychosexual development during puberty.

płciowy

of, or relating to psychosexual development during puberty


transverse

Late Middle English, from Latin trānsversus (“turned across; going or lying across or crosswise”). Doublet of transversal.

(anatomy) Made at right angles to the long axis of the body.


morgan

(medicine) A unit for expressing the relative distance between genes on a chromosome.


transfixion

en-noun

transfixion (countable and uncountable, plural transfixions)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-transfixion.wav

(surgery) In amputation, passing the knife from side to side through tissue close to the bone and dividing muscles outward.


sinusoidal

en-adj

sinusoidal (comparative more sinusoidal, superlative most sinusoidal)

more sinusoidal (comparative)
most sinusoidal (superlative)

(anatomy) Relating to any of several channels (the sinusoids) through which venous blood passes in various organs.


transfuse

en-verb

transfuse (third-person singular simple present transfuses, present participle transfusing, simple past and past participle transfused)

transfuses (present singular third-person)
transfusing (participle present)
transfused (participle past)
transfused (past)

From trans- + fusus, past participle of fundō (“I pour, I melt”). By surface analysis, trans- + fuse.

A few years subsequent to his investigation, Richard Lower, also working on dogs, successfully tranfused the blood of one dog to that of another.

1952, Vincent Joseph Collins, Principles and Practice of Anesthesiology, page 461:

(transitive, medicine) To administer a transfusion of.


transfusion

en-noun

transfusion (countable and uncountable, plural transfusions)

Coordinate term: infusion

(medicine) The transfer of blood or blood products from one individual to another.

نَقْل اَلدَّم

medicine: the transfer of blood or blood products from one individual to another

перелива́ние кро́ви n (perelivánije króvi, literally “blood transfusion”)

гемотрансфу́зия f (gemotransfúzija, literally “haemotranfusion”)

перелива́ння кро́ві n (perelyvánnja króvi, literally “blood transfusion”)

гемотрансфу́зія f (hemotransfúzija, literally “haemotranfusion”)


blood transfusion

blood transfusion (countable and uncountable, plural blood transfusions)

A blood transfusion stabilized her condition until surgery to stop her internal bleeding could begin.

(medicine) The act or process of transferring blood products into a person's circulation intravenously; an instance of it.

bloedoortapping

taking blood from one and giving it to another individual


mitochondrial

Sperm pass on none of their mitochondria during conception, so all mitochondrial information is transferred from generation to generation through mothers alone.

2019, Bill Bryson, The Body: A Guide for Occupants, Black Swan (2020), page 329:

(cytology) Of, or relating to mitochondria.


palp

palp (countable and uncountable, plural palps)

* (verb): From French palper.
* (noun): From New Latin palpus (“a feeler”).
* Both ultimately from Latin palpō (“to stroke, touch softly, feel”).

der

pain on palp

(medicine, uncountable, colloquial) Short for palpation.


palp

palp blood pressure

(medicine, colloquial) Palpatory; obtained by palpation.


pedal

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-pedal (noun, verb).wav

Borrowed from French pédale, Latin pedāl(is). By surface analysis, ped- + -al.

(medicine) an orthopedic structure or a footlike part.


HTR

en-noun

HTR (countable and uncountable, plural HTRs)

hard tissue replacement
hard tissue replacement#English

(medicine) Initialism of hard tissue replacement.


IT

(medicine, pharmacology) Initialism of intrathecal.


family history

family history (countable and uncountable, plural family histories)

(medicine) Information concerning the disorders suffered by the direct relatives of a patient; especially useful if the disorders are genetic.


hematology

hematology (countable and uncountable, plural hematologies)

classical compound
international scientific vocabulary

From international scientific vocabulary, reflecting New Latin combining forms: hemato- + -logy = hemat- + -ology; morphologically parallel with haematology.

(medicine) The medical specialty dealing with the health and diseases of blood and blood-producing organs.


DA

DA (countable and uncountable, plural DAs or DA's)

Alternative form: DAo

descending aorta
descending aorta#English

(anatomy) Initialism of descending aorta.

ductus arteriosus
ductus arteriosus#English

(anatomy) Initialism of ductus arteriosus.


pyrogenic

en-adj

pyrogenic (comparative more pyrogenic, superlative most pyrogenic)

more pyrogenic (comparative)
most pyrogenic (superlative)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-pyrogenic.wav

(pathology, chemistry) generating or produced by heat, especially in the body; causing or caused by fever


pyrogenous

pyrogenous (comparative more pyrogenous, superlative most pyrogenous)

more pyrogenous (comparative)
most pyrogenous (superlative)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-pyrogenous.wav

(pathology, chemistry, geology) Synonym of pyrogenic

(pathology, chemistry, geology) Synonym of pyrogenetic


midwife

From Middle English midwif, corresponding to mid (“with”) + wif (“woman, wife, female”). It appears not to be entirely clear whether the original understanding was “with-woman” in the sense of “attending/assisting woman”, or “they who are with the woman” (namely the mother).

促成者

person who assists in bringing something about

A hundred years ago, a midwife would bring the baby into the world - going to a hospital to deliver a baby was either impossible or unheard of.

The senior midwife confirmed that […] occasionally a multigravid woman could feel little more than slight abdominal discomfort.

2009, Jennifer Worth, Farewell to the East End, Weidenfeld & Nicholson, page 235:

Despite Richard's efforts to midwive his own narrative of legitimacy, the source of this legendary one cannot be controlled because it has moved from the mouths of nurses, midwives and gossips into the public domain.

2017, Caroline Bicks, Midwiving Subjects in Shakespeare’s England, page 123:

(obstetrics) A person, usually a woman, who is trained to assist women in childbirth, but who is not a physician.


rheumatism

en-noun

rheumatism (countable and uncountable, plural rheumatisms)

First attested 1601, from Latin rheumatismus (“rheum”), from Ancient Greek ῥευματισμός (rheumatismós, “humour, discharge, rheum”) from ῥευματίζομαι (rheumatízomai, “I suffer from a rheum”) from ῥεῦμα (rheûma, “stream, flow”) from ῥέω (rhéō, “I flow”)

uder

And then as to your ſcurvys, and gouts, rheumatiſms, conſumptions, coughs and catarrhs, tar-vvater and turpentine vvill make you as ſound as a roach.

1763 June 20 (first performance), Samuel Foote, The Mayor of Garret. A Comedy, […], London: […] P[aul] Vaillant, […], published 1764, →OCLC, Act I, scene i, page 4:

The old man had become a confirmed invalid, confined by chronic rheumatism to his chair.

(pathology) Any disorder of the muscles, tendons, joints, bones, nerves, characterized by pain, discomfort and disability.

رَثْيَة

any painful disorder of muscles, tendons, joints, bones and nerves

rheumatoid arthritis
rheumatoid arthritis

(pathology) Atrophic arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis


maintainer

From Anglo-Norman maintenour, Old French mainteneor, from maintenir (“to maintain”); with later remodelling of the suffix after -er.

(dentistry) A device used to keep teeth in a given position.


transiliac

(medicine) Extending between the two ilia.


ilium

Borrowed from Latin īlium (“lower abdomen”), from īle (“flank”).

Holonyms: hip bone, os coxae < pelvis

Comeronyms: acetabulum, ischium, pubis

(anatomy) The upper and widest of the three bones that make up each side of the hipbone.

en:portion of small intestine, obsolete spelling of _ileum_

(anatomy, obsolete) The ileum, part of the small intestine (in modern usage, misspelling of ileum.).


transilient

(medicine) of the cortical association fibres that pass between nonadjacent convolutions of the brain


amplification

en-noun

amplification (countable and uncountable, plural amplifications)

From Latin amplificātiō, from amplificō (“I amplify”); see amplify.
Etymology tree
Latin amplus
Latin -ficō
Latin amplificō
Latin -tiō
Latin amplificātiōlbor.
English amplification

etymon

polymerase chain reaction
polymerase chain reaction

(genetics) The using of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for isolating and exponentially amplifying a fragment or sequence of DNA.


stabilization

en-noun

stabilization (countable and uncountable, plural stabilizations)

(medicine, uncountable) A preliminary medical process for sick or injured people to attempt to keep their medical condition from deteriorating too much and too quickly before being treated in depth at a medical facility.


translational

translational regulation

Relating to translation, in its various senses:

(genetics) Relating to the process whereby a strand of mRNA directs assembly of amino acids into proteins.

transzlációs

relating to the process whereby a strand of mRNA directs assembly of amino acids into proteins


translocate

en-verb

translocate (third-person singular simple present translocates, present participle translocating, simple past and past participle translocated)

translocates (present singular third-person)
translocating (participle present)
translocated (participle past)
translocated (past)

(genetics, transitive, of a chromosomal segment) To cause to undergo translocation.


transmissible

en-adj

transmissible (comparative more transmissible, superlative most transmissible)

more transmissible (comparative)
most transmissible (superlative)

(but the last two are not interchangeable in formal registers)

(medicine, of a disease) Capable of being transmitted from one person to another.


rib

From Middle English rib, ribbe, from Old English ribb (“rib”), from Proto-West Germanic *ribi, from Proto-Germanic *ribją (“rib, reef”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rebʰ- (“arch, ceiling, cover”).
Cognate with Dutch rib (“rib”), Norwegian ribbe (“sparerib”), Norwegian ribben (“rib”), Low German ribbe (“rib”), German Rippe (“rib”), Old Norse rif (“rib, reef”), Serbo-Croatian rèbro (“rib”).
(wife or woman): In reference to the creation of Eve from Adam's rib in the Bible.

der

On an early winter afternoon, clear but not cold, when the vegetable world was a weird multitude of skeletons through whose ribs the sun shone freely, a gleaming landau came to a pause on the crest of a hill in Wessex.

1882, Thomas Hardy, chapter I, in Two on a Tower. A Romance. [...] In Three Volumes, volume I, London: Sampson Low, Marston, Searle, & Rivington, […], →OCLC, page 1:

(anatomy) Any of a series of long curved bones occurring in 12 pairs in humans and other animals and extending from the spine to or toward the sternum.


epistaxis

From Ancient Greek ἐπίσταξις (epístaxis, “nosebleed”): ἐπί (epí, “above, over, on, upon, besides”) + στάζω (stázō, “to drip (from the nostrils)”).


monomania

en-noun

monomania (plural monomanias or monomaniæ)

/ˌmɒnəʊˈmeɪnɪə/

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-monomania.wav

Either:
* Formed in English as mono- + mania;
* From the French monomanie; or,
* From the Modern Latin monomania.

“There are no limits to the possibilities of monomania,” I answered. “There is the condition which the modern French psychologists have called the ‘idée fixe,’ which may be trifling in character, and accompanied by complete sanity in every other way. A man who had read deeply about Napoleon, or who had possibly received some hereditary family injury through the great war, might conceivably form such an ‘idée fixe’ and under its influence be capable of any fantastic outrage.”

1904 April 30, A[rthur] Conan Doyle, “The Adventure of the Six Napoleons”, in The Return of Sherlock Holmes, New York, N.Y.: McClure, Phillips & Co., published February 1905, →OCLC, page 212:

(pathology, dated) A pathological obsession with one person, thing or idea.


VD

VD (countable and uncountable, plural VDs)

One of the things I've learned traveling around America is how many people have relied on the Joy of Gay Sex as their primary source of information, about not only sexual positions and activities, but about things like V.D., sexual dysfunction, coming out with the family, and dealing with feelings of guilt related to religion.

1979 April 21, Tommi Avicolli, Edmund White, “Talking With Edmund White”, in Gay Community News, page 10:

venereal disease
venereal disease#English

(pathology, dated) Initialism of venereal disease.


transonance

transonance (countable and uncountable, plural transonances)

(medicine) The transmission of a sound originating in one organ through the tissue of another.


transorbital

(medicine) Passing through the orbit, or eye socket.


transorbital

(medicine) A lobotomy carried out through the eye socket.


transpiration

transpiration (countable and uncountable, plural transpirations)

Borrowed from Middle French transpiration, from Medieval Latin transpiratio, from transpiro, from Latin trans + spiro.

(physiology) The process of giving off water vapour through the skin or mucous membranes.

uitwaseming

physiology: the process of giving off water vapour through the skin or mucous membranes


transposon

2002, Ahmet Ipek, Introduction of an Ac/Ds Based Two-element Transposon Tagging System and Trans-activation of Ds in Carrot (Daucus Carota L.), University of Wisconsin–Madison, page 44,
Transposon tagging is a powerful technique to identify and clone genes. The successful application of transposon tagging requires previous identification and cloning of a transposon in the species under consideration.

An alternative approach to the use of retroviruses was to use a DNA transposon to integrate DNA into zebrafish chromosomes.

2003, Karl J. Clark, The Development of Sleeping Beauty Gene-trap Transposons for Insertional Mutagenesis of Vertebrates, University of Minnesota, page 7:

Our genome also contains stretches of genetic material called transposons that, at least in some cases, are thought to have been introduced long ago by viruses.

2018 March 26, Nicola Davis, “The human microbiome: why our microbes could be key to our health”, in The Guardian:

(genetics) A segment of DNA that can move to a different position within a genome, or to the genome of another species.

轉座子 /转座子

segment of DNA that can move to a different position within a genome, or to another genome


compartment

First attested 1564, from Middle French compartiment, from Italian compartimento, from Late Latin compartiri (“to divide with, to share with”), from com- + partiri (“to apportion, to divide, to share”).

der

(anatomy) A region in the body, delimited by a biological membrane.


pmpm

(medicine) Initialism of per member per month.


specialist

Borrowed from French spécialiste, equivalent to special + -ist.

Dr. Robert Leroy Hutton, a retired specialist in internal medicine and a well‐known diagnostician, died yesterday here.

1964 September 24, “ROBERT L. HUTTON, DIAGNOSTICIAN, 83; Internist Dies —Had Been on Lincoln Hospital Staff”, in The New York Times:

Most Americans mistakenly believe that they must see specialists for almost every medical problem.

2017 March 6, Jamie Koufman, “The Specialists’ Stranglehold on Medicine”, in The New York Times:

(medicine) A physician whose practice is limited to a particular branch of medicine or surgery.


antineoplastic

(pharmacology, oncology) Inhibiting the development of tumours.


antineoplastic

(pharmacology) Any such agent, used in chemotherapy.


labia majora

en-noun

labia majora pl (normally plural, singular labium majus)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-labia majora.wav

A new technology has enabled man to take gardening away from women and turn it into agriculture; the plow is the great phallus that separates the labia majora of the furrows of earth, and the plow is under the majesty of Enki.

1981, William Irwin Thompson, The Time Falling Bodies Take to Light: Mythology, Sexuality and the Origins of Culture, London: Rider/Hutchinson & Co., page 162:

(anatomy, primatology) The two outer rounded folds of adipose tissue that lie on either side of the opening of the vagina.

labioscrotal swelling - embryological precursor


labia minora

labia minora pl (normally plural, singular labium minus)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-labia minora.wav

The ventral skin of the penis is homologous to the labia minora.

When performed poorly, a labiaplasty — a procedure to reduce the size of the labia minora, and one of the fastest-growing cosmetic surgeries worldwide — can also damage nerves, leading to genital pain and loss of sexual sensation.

2022 October 17, Rachel E. Gross, “Half the World Has a Clitoris. Why Don’t Doctors Study It?”, in The New York Times:

(anatomy) The two inner folds of skin within the cleft of the labia majora.

লেবিয়া মাইনরা

(anatomy) the two inner folds of skin within the cleft of the labia majora

urogenital fold - embryological precursor


schizophrenia

schizophrenia (countable and uncountable, plural schizophrenias)

First attested 1908, from New Latin schizophrenia, from German Schizophrenie, coined by Eugen Bleuler, from Ancient Greek σχίζω (skhízō, “to split”) + φρήν (phrḗn, “mind, heart, diaphragm”) + English -ia.

af

(pathology) A psychiatric diagnosis denoting a persistent, often chronic, mental illness characterised by abnormal perception, thinking, behavior and emotion, often marked by delusions.


xanthosis

en-noun

xanthosis (countable and uncountable, plural xanthoses)

(pathology) A yellowish discolouration of tissues undergoing degeneration.


coverage

coverage (countable and uncountable, plural coverages)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ḱe-?
Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm
Proto-Italic *kom
Old Latin com
Latin cum
Latin con-
Proto-Indo-European *h₁ep-?
Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi
Proto-Indo-European *h₂wer-
Proto-Indo-European *-yeti
Latin operiō
Latin cooperiō
Old French covrirbor.
Middle English coveren
English cover
Proto-Italic *-ātos
Latin -ātus
Proto-Italic *-kos
Latin -cus
Latin -icus
Latin -āticus
Latin -āticum
Old French -agebor.
Middle English -age
English -age
English coverage
From cover + -age. First attested in 1912. Compare Middle English coverage (“a charge for having or stall or booth at a fair”).

cog

(genetics) The average number of reads representing a given nucleotide in the reconstructed sequence.

couverture

(genetics) average number of reads representing a given nucleotide


giddy

en-adj

giddy (comparative giddier, superlative giddiest)

giddier (comparative)
giddiest (superlative)

The adjective is derived from Middle English gidi, gedy, gydy (“demonically controlled or possessed; crazy, insane; foolish, idiotic, ridiculous, unwise; unsure; (rare) dizzy, shaky; (rare) of an animal: crazed, out of control; a fool”) [and other forms], from Old English gidiġ, gydiġ (“possessed by a demon or spirit, insane, mad”), from Proto-West Germanic *gudīg (“ghostly, spirited”, literally “possessed by a god or spirit”), from *god (“god”) + *-ig, *-g (suffix forming adjectives with the senses of being, doing, or having). The English word is analysable as god + -y (suffix meaning ‘having the quality of’, forming adjectives).
The noun and the verb are derived from the adjective.

nb...

gedi, gidie, gidy, gudi, gudiʒe, guidi, guydi, gydi, gydie

лекомислен

unable to concentrate or think seriously; easily excited — see also impulsive

лекомислен

lightheartedly silly — see also frivolous

(British, dialectal, agriculture, veterinary medicine) Of an animal, chiefly a sheep: affected by gid (“a disease caused by parasitic infestation of the brain by tapeworm larvae”), which may result in the animal turning around aimlessly.

pyörimistautia poteva

of an animal, chiefly a sheep: affected by gid


giddy

(British, agriculture, veterinary medicine) Synonym of gid (“a disease caused by parasitic infestation of the brain by tapeworm larvae”)


c/o

She was admitted to the hospital 6 days ago with c/o nausea, vomiting, and RUQ [right upper quadrant of the abdomen] pain. Her diet has not advanced beyond clear liquids, which she failed to tolerate on two attempts. Roa continues to c/o nausea and RUQ pain.

2009, Carol J. Rollins, “Adult Enteral Nutrition”, in Terry L. Schinghammer, Julia M. Koehler, editors, Pharmacotherapy Casebook: A Patient-Focused Approach, 7th edition, McGraw Hill, →DOI, →ISBN, page 366:

(medicine) Abbreviation of complain of, used to identify symptoms described by a patient.


cystectomy

From cyst (“bladder”) + -ectomy (“surgical removal”).

(surgery) The removal of the bladder; the removal of a cyst


insomnia

en-noun

insomnia (countable and uncountable, plural insomnias)

From Latin in- (“without”) + somnus (“sleep”, noun) + -ia.

confix

My mother suffers from insomnia.

(medicine) A sleeping disorder that is known for its symptoms of unrest and the inability to sleep.


clubbing

en-noun

clubbing (countable and uncountable, plural clubbings)

(countable, medicine) A thickening of the ends of fingers and toes.

acropaquia

(medicine) thickening of the ends of fingers and toes


genitourinary

(anatomy) Of or pertaining to the genital and urinary systems of the body, together with their function, disease, etc.

мочапалавы́

relating to the genital and urinary systems


trivalent

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-trivalent.wav


tetravalent

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-tetravalent.wav

(medicine) Having a vaccine valence of 4.


pentavalent

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-pentavalent.wav

(medicine) Having a vaccine valence of 5.


hexavalent

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-hexavalent.wav

Babies born from the 1 August will be offered the new “hexavalent” jab at the age of eight, 12 and 16 weeks.

2017 July 9, Ian Sample, “Hepatitis B jab to be added to immunisations of babies born in UK”, in The Guardian:

(medicine) Having a vaccine valence of 6.


octavalent

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-octavalent.wav

(medicine) Having a vaccine valence of 8.


pathetic

en-adj

pathetic (comparative more pathetic, superlative most pathetic)

more pathetic (comparative)
most pathetic (superlative)

From Middle French pathétique, from Latin patheticus, from Ancient Greek παθητικός (pathētikós, “subject to feeling, capable of feeling, impassioned”), from παθητός (pathētós, “one who has suffered, subject to suffering”), from πάσχω (páskhō, “to suffer”).


testicular

From Medieval Latin testicularis, from Latin testiculum (“testicle”), diminutive of testis.

(physiology) Pertaining to one or more testicles; of the testicle(s).


murmur

en-noun

murmur (countable and uncountable, plural murmurs)

From Middle English murmur, murmor, murmour, from Old French murmure (modern French murmure), from Latin murmur (“murmur, humming, muttering, roaring, growling, rushing etc.”).

der

(cardiology, medicine) The sound made by any condition which produces a noisy, or turbulent, flow of blood through the heart.


dysplasia

en-noun

dysplasia (countable and uncountable, plural dysplasias)

(pathology) Abnormal development of cells or tissue, often a precancerous stage of growth.


armhole

From Middle English arme hole, armehole, arm hole, arm-hole, armhole, arm-hool(e), armole, harmehole; equivalent to arm + hole.

armpit

cavity beneath the junction of the arm and shoulder

An aposteme gendred in þe purgynge places, þat is to say, of þe brayne vnder þe eres, of þe herte vnder þe arme holes, of þe lyuer in the schares.

c. 1425, Guy de Chauliac, The Grande Chirurgie, page 154:

Put these ragges and cloutes vnder thine arme holes.

1535, Bible (Coverdale Bible), Jer. 38:12

Armhole is a variant on armpit in the west and east Midlands.

2005 September 7, Birmingham Post, page 9:

(anatomy, now rare Midlands dialect) A human armpit.

(anatomy, rare and obsolete) Similar structures in other animals.


coxa

Borrowed from Latin coxa (“hip”). Doublet of cuisse.

(anatomy) The basal segment of a limb of various arthropods (insects and spiders, for example).


centesis

centesis (countable and uncountable, plural centeses)

From Ancient Greek κέντησις (kéntēsis, “the act of pricking”), from κεντέω (kentéō, “I prick”).

der

(medicine, surgery) puncture or perforation


amniocentesis

By surface analysis, amnio- + -centesis.

In most countries amniocentesis is now offered to – perhaps even imposed on – all older mothers, to check whether the foetus carries an extra chromosome.

1999, Matt Ridley, Genome, Harper Perennial, published 2004, page 287:

(medicine) A procedure for obtaining amniotic fluid from a pregnant animal, by inserting a hollow needle through the abdominal wall and into the amniotic sac. Used in diagnosing possible genetic defects and/or obstetric complications.


amnion

From Latin amnion (“membrane around a fetus”), from Ancient Greek ἀμνίον (amníon).

lbor

Near-synonym: amniotic sac

He never seemed to mind, and after a while, she no longer felt self-conscious about languishing in the amnion of his office.

2022, Ling Ma, “Office Hours”, in Bliss Montage, New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, →ISBN:

(anatomy) The innermost membrane of the fetal membranes of reptiles, birds, and mammals; the sac in which the embryo is suspended.

ջրաթաղանթ

a fetal membrane of reptiles, birds, and mammals — see also amniotic sac


Lachesis

Lachesis muta
Lachesis muta#Translingual

(homeopathy) The venom of Lachesis muta, the bushmaster snake, used to treat various conditions.


CAP

en-noun

CAP (countable and uncountable, plural CAPs)

(medicine) Initialism of community-acquired pneumonia.


premunition

premunition to chickenpox

(medicine) Immunization due to having had the disease before.


clamp

From Middle Dutch clamp, klampe (“a clamp, hook”), from Proto-Germanic *klampō (“clamp, clasp, cramp”), related to Proto-West Germanic *klammjan.
Cognate with Middle Low German klampe (“hook, clasp”), German Klampfe, Klampe (“clamp, cleat”), Norwegian klamp (“clamp”), Alemannic German Chlempi.

cog

(medicine) An instrument used to temporarily shut off blood vessels, etc.


quackery

en-noun

quackery (countable and uncountable, plural quackeries)

When no certain cure exists, quack remedies tend to proliferate and the history of quackery and secret cures is full of extraordinary forms of treatment for the various arthritic disorders.

1976 March 27, F. Dudley Hart, “History of the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis”, in British Medical Journal, volume 1, number 6012, →DOI, →JSTOR, page 763:

(law, medicine, uncountable) The practice of fraudulent medicine, usually in order to make money or for ego gratification and power; health fraud.


ENT

ENT (countable and uncountable, plural ENTs)

(medicine) Initialism of ear, nose and throat.

(medicine) An otorhinolaryngologist; an ear, nose and throat doctor.


ADT

ADT (countable and uncountable, plural ADTs)

androgen deprivation therapy
androgen deprivation therapy#English

(medicine) Initialism of androgen deprivation therapy.


confection

From Middle English confescioun, borrowed from Old French confeccion (French confection), borrowed from Latin cōnfectiōnem, from confectus, past participle of conficere (“prepare”), from com- (“with”) + facere (“to make, do”). Originally "the making by means of ingredients"; sense of "candy or light pastry" predominant since 1500s.

(pharmacology) A preparation of medicine sweetened with sugar, honey, syrup, or the like; an electuary.

(obsolete, medicine) A medicinal preparation of any kind, a compound of drugs.

Was it not a goodly poison that he gave!
Why, he's as well now as he was before.
It shuld have been some fine confection
That might have given the broth some dainty taste

2007, Unknown, edited by White, Martin and Lockwood, Tom, Arden of Faversham, 2nd edition, Bloomsbury Publishing, page 20, Scene 1, ll. 421–425:


cycloid

(psychoanalysis) characterized by alternating high and low moods.


spirograph

(medicine) an instrument for measuring and recording the depth and rapidity of breathing movements


trimetazidine

(pharmacology) A cytoprotective antiischemic drug used in the treatment of angina pectoris.


bulimia

bulimia (countable and uncountable, plural bulimias)

From Ancient Greek βουλιμία (boulimía, “ravenous hunger”), from βοῦς (boûs, “cow, ox”) + λῑμός (līmós, “hunger”).

compound

Grow up, Heather, bulimia is so '87.

1989, Daniel Waters, Heathers, spoken by Heather Chandler:

(pathology) A chronic eating disorder characterized by a binge-and-purge cycle: extreme overeating followed by self-induced vomiting.


asthenospermic

(medicine) Characterised by or pertaining to asthenospermia, hence infertile


asthenospermia

/ˌæsθənəʊˈspɜː(ɹ)mi.ə/

(medicine) Loss or reduction in the strength or energy of sperm cells, hence infertility or subfertility.


antidopaminergic

(pharmacology) preventing or counteracting the effects of dopamine


antidopaminergic

(pharmacology) Any drug that prevents or counteracts the effects of dopamine.

antidopaminergico

any drug that prevents or counteracts the effects of dopamine


toothache

en-noun

toothache (countable and uncountable, plural toothaches)

From Middle English toth-ake, from Old English tōþeċe. Equivalent to tooth + ache.


fundus

PIE word
 *bʰudʰmḗn
From Latin fundus (“bottom”). Doublet of fond and fund.

(anatomy) The large, hollow part of an organ farthest from an opening; especially:

The back, interior part of the eye, accommodating the retina and associated blood vessels, etc.

The uppermost hollow of the stomach, which in humans forms a bulge above where the oesophagus enters the stomach.

The deepest part of a sulcus, such as of the sulci of the human cerebral cortex.


gamete

From Ancient Greek γαμετή (gametḗ, “wife”), γαμέτης (gamétēs, “husband”), ultimately from γάμος (gámos, “marriage”).

(cytology) A reproductive cell (sperm in males or eggs in females), having only half of a complete set of chromosomes.


lachrymation

lachrymation (usually uncountable, plural lachrymations)

From Latin lacrimatio (“weaping”), from lacrima (“tears”), influenced by less common, older spelling lacruma.

(medicine or literary) The flow of tears; crying


exclave

(medicine, rare) A detached part of an organ, as of the pancreas, thyroid (accessory thyroids), or other gland.


oral cavity

(anatomy) The cavity of the mouth, especially the part of the mouth behind the gums and teeth that is bounded above by the hard and soft palates and below by the tongue and by the mucous membrane connecting it with the inner part of the mandible.


dissociative drug

dissociative drug (plural dissociative drugs)

(pharmacology) Any of a class of psychedelic drugs characterized by intense feelings of depersonalization, derealization, and analgesia.


genial

/d͡ʒəˈnaɪəl/

From Ancient Greek γένειον (géneion, “chin”) + -al.


Norrie

Norrie (countable and uncountable, plural Norries)

Retinal dysplasia may occur in isolation but is usually part of a syndrome such as Edwards, Patau, Norrie, Walker–Warburg, or incontinentia pigmenti.

2014, Alastair Denniston, Philip Murray, Oxford Handbook of Ophthalmology, →ISBN, page 814:

(medicine, uncountable) A genetic X-linked recessive disease that primarily affects the eye and leads to blindness.


freezing

freezing (countable and uncountable, plural freezings)

(countable, medicine) The action of numbing with anesthetics.


antibacterial

This drug has an antibacterial effect.

Many genes with reproductive roles also have antibacterial and immune functions, which indicate that the threat of microbial attack on the sperm or egg may be a major influence on rapid evolution during reproduction.

2013 May-June, Katrina G. Claw, “Rapid Evolution in Eggs and Sperm”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 3:

(pharmacology) Killing or inhibiting bacteria.


antibacterial

Many household products contain antibacterials.

(pharmacology) A drug having the effect of killing or inhibiting bacteria.


saturnine

en-adj

saturnine (comparative more saturnine, superlative most saturnine)

more saturnine (comparative)
most saturnine (superlative)

From Middle English saturnine, satournine, satournyne, saturnin, saturnyn, saturnyne (“pertaining to or under the influence of the planet Saturn; line on the palm of the hand associated with Saturn”), from Old French saturnine, saturnin (modern French saturnin (“of, pertaining to, resembling or containing lead, plumbic”)), or directly from its etymon Medieval Latin Sāturnīnus, from Sāturnus (“the Roman god Saturn; the planet Saturn”) + -īnus (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’); analysable as Saturn + -ine. The English word is cognate with Italian saturnino (“saturnine”), Portuguese saturnino (“melancholy, saturnine; pertaining to the planet Saturn”), Spanish saturnino (“melancholy, saturnine; pertaining to the planet Saturn”).
Sense 1 (“having a tendency to be cold, bitter, gloomy, etc.”) refers to the fact that individuals born under the astrological influence of the planet Saturn were believed to have that disposition.

cog

The slow saturation of the animal economy by the metal renders the individual saturnine, and prepares in him a fresh ground, containing a reserve of lead, which, under the influence of accidental causes, may pass back in a notable quantity into the blood and bring on accidents analogous to those of acute poisoning or presenting special characteristics. The first effects of lead impregnation are, production of saturnine anæmia [...] acute or chronic saturnine asthma then come on; [...]

1875 August 16, “Renaut on Chronic Lead-poisoning”, in The London Medical Record: A Review of the Progress of the Medical Sciences and of Subjects Relating to Public Health, volume III, London: Smith, Elder & Co., […], →OCLC, page 503, column 1:

(not comparable, pathology) Caused or affected by lead poisoning (saturnism).


reflection

en-noun

reflection (countable and uncountable, plural reflections)

/ɹɪˈflɛkʃən/

From Middle French reflexion, reflection, and its source Late Latin reflexio, from the participle stem of reflectō. The current spelling is influenced by reflect.

відобра́ження

representative manifestation or outcome of a condition, trend or trait

(anatomy) The folding of a part; a fold.


vitiligo

vitiligo (usually uncountable, plural vitiligos)

/ˌvɪtɪˈlaɪɡəʊ/

In the weeks that followed, I began to notice other people with vitiligo. On the streets, in the stores, in their cars. My God, they were everywhere!

2015 September 4, Rich Cohen, “Learning to Live With Vitiligo”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

(dermatology) The patchy loss of skin pigmentation.


fissure

From Middle English fissure, from Old French fissure, from Latin fissūra (“a cleft, chink”), from findō (“to cleave, split, divide”) + -tūra (nominal suffix).

af

(anatomy) A groove, deep furrow, elongated cleft or tear between body parts or in the substance of an organ.

(anatomy) A break or slit in tissue usually at the junction of skin and mucous membrane.


cravat

From French cravate, an appellative use of Cravate (“Croat”), from Dutch Krawaat, from German Krawatte, from Serbo-Croatian Hr̀vāt/Хр̀ва̄т (“Croat”). The cravat is regarded as originating from a linen scarf worn by Croatian mercenaries which was adopted into French fashion in the 17th century. Doublet of Croat.

Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres
Memorial Art Gallery
University of Rochester

(surgery) A bandage resembling a cravat, particularly a triangular bandage folded into a strip.


energy field

The state of your energy field indicates that you are emotionally troubled.

alternative medicine
alternative medicine

(alternative medicine) The spiritual or etheric energy produced by an individual living being.


spastic

en-adj

spastic (comparative more spastic, superlative most spastic)

more spastic (comparative)
most spastic (superlative)

Learned borrowing from Latin spasticus, from Ancient Greek σπαστικός (spastikós, “drawing in”). By surface analysis, spasm + -tic. Compare French spastique and see also spasm.

der

(pathology) Of, relating to, or affected by spasm.

(pathology) Of or relating to spastic paralysis.


urethra

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek οὐρήθρα (ourḗthra, “the passage for urine”), from οὐρέω (ouréō, “to make water”). Recorded in English since 1634.

lbor

(anatomy) The tube through which urine exits the body and, in male placental mammals, through which semen is ejaculated.

urogenital sinus - embryological precursor


hyperchlorhydria

(pathology) The presence of an excessive amount of hydrochloric acid in the stomach. Often treatable with antacid.


pleurisy

en-noun

pleurisy (countable and uncountable, plural pleurisies)

From Middle English pleuresi, pleresye, that borrowed from Old French pleuresie (French pleurésie), from Late Latin pleurisis, alteration of Latin pleuritis.

1829 September, Richard N. Allen, An Essay on Pneumonia Biliosa, Horatio Gates Jameson (editor), The Maryland Medical Recorder, Volume 1, Number 1, page 591,
The division of pleurisies now sanctioned by the general language of medical men, is that which arranges them as inflammatory,* bilious and typhoid.

And the dope often gave him a painful case of pleurisy if he smoked it for more than two straight days of heavy continuous smoking[…]

1996, David Foster Wallace, Infinite Jest […], Boston, Mass., New York, N.Y.: Little, Brown and Company, →ISBN, page 22:

Pleurisy usually causes pain, which is made worse by deep breathing, since the two inflamed layers of the pleura rub against each other.

2005, David B. Jacoby, R. M. Youngson, Encyclopedia Of Family Health, 3rd edition, page 1618:

Pleurisy usually occurs as a secondary disease to other infections (e.g., pneumonia, tuberculosis), conditions (e.g., pulmonary embolism, tumors), or as a result of injury.

2009, Susan G. Salvo, Mosby′s Pathology for Massage Therapists, 2nd edition, page 286:

(pathology) Inflammation of lung pleura.


rationalization

rationalization (countable and uncountable, plural rationalizations)

First attested in 1831. From French rationalisation, equivalent to rational + -ization or rationalize + -ation.

(psychiatry) The concealment of true motivation in some non-threatening way.


VM

viral myocarditis
viral myocarditis#English

(medicine) Initialism of viral myocarditis.


ganglion

Borrowed from Ancient Greek γᾰγγλῐ́ον (gănglĭ́on, “encysted tumour on a tendon or aponeurosis”).

bor

intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cell

melanopsin-containing retinal ganglion cell

[T]he wonderfully diversified instincts, mental powers, and affections of ants are generally known, yet their cerebral ganglia are not so large as the quarter of a small pin's head.

1871, Charles Darwin, “On the Manner of Development of Man from some Lower Form”, in The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex. […], volume I, London: John Murray, […], →OCLC, Part I (On the Descent of Man), page 145:

An encapsulated collection of nerve cell bodies, typically linked by synapses, and often forming a swelling on a nerve fiber.

عُقْدَة عَصَبِيَّة

collection of nerve cell bodies outside the brain

The yawning gap in neuroscientists’ understanding of their topic is in the intermediate scale of the brain’s anatomy. Science has a passable knowledge of how individual nerve cells, known as neurons, work. It also knows which visible lobes and ganglia of the brain do what. But how the neurons are organised in these lobes and ganglia remains obscure.

2013 August 3, “The machine of a new soul”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8847:

central nervous system
central nervous system

Any of certain masses of gray matter in the central nervous system, as the basal ganglia.

(pathology) A benign cystic tumour on a tendon sheath or joint capsule.


HD

en-noun

HD (countable and uncountable, plural HDs)

Hansen's disease
Hansen's disease#English

(pathology) Initialism of Hansen's disease.

Hodgkin's disease
Hodgkin's disease#English

(pathology) Initialism of Hodgkin's disease.

Huntington's disease (HD) patients are an anomaly with respect to contracting cancer, with 80% fewer cases than found in the general population.

2018 February 12, “Huntington Disease siRNA a "Super-Assassin" of Tumor Cells”, in ClinicalOMICs:

Huntington's disease
Huntington's disease#English

(pathology) Initialism of Huntington's disease.


petrous

From Middle English, borrowed from Middle French petreux, from Latin petrōsus, from petra, from Ancient Greek πέτρα (pétra).

(anatomy) Of the dense portion of the temporal bone that protects the inner ear.

на слепоочието

anatomy: of the dense portion of the temporal bone


heartworm

heartworm (countable and uncountable, plural heartworms)

(veterinary medicine) A parasitic organism that afflicts dogs, of species Dirofilaria immitis of roundworms.

(veterinary medicine) (uncountable) The condition caused by this organism.


antiseptic

en-adj

antiseptic (comparative more antiseptic, superlative most antiseptic)

more antiseptic (comparative)
most antiseptic (superlative)

(pharmacology) Capable of preventing microbial infection.

հականեխիչ

capable of preventing microbial infection


antiseptic

(pharmacology) Any substance that inhibits the growth and reproduction of microorganisms. Generally includes only those that are used on living objects (as opposed to disinfectants) and aren't transported by the lymphatic system to destroy bacteria in the body (as opposed to antibiotics).

مُعَقِّمٌ

substance that inhibits the growth of microorganisms


septic shock

(pathology) A life-threatening condition caused by infection and sepsis, often after surgery or trauma.


dressing

en-noun

dressing (countable and uncountable, plural dressings)

→ German: Dressing

From Middle English dressing, dressinge, dressynge, equivalent to dress + -ing.

She removed Stranleigh’s coat with a dexterity that aroused his imagination. The elder woman returned with dressings and a sponge, which she placed on a chair.

1913, Robert Barr, chapter 5, in Lord Stranleigh Abroad:

(medicine) Material applied to a wound for protection or therapy.


nitrofurantoin

(pharmacology) A synthetic nitrofuran drug, 1-(5-nitro-2-furfurylideneamino)hydantoin, that is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent used in the treatment on urinary tract infections such as cystitis.


stat

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-stat.wav


stat

stat dose


phallus

From Latin phallus (“membrum virile, phallus, or a figure thereof”) from Ancient Greek φαλλός (phallós).

bor

(psychoanalysis) The signifier of the desire of the Other, and the signifier of jouissance.


breakthrough

From break + through. Compare German Durchbruch and Dutch doorbraak (“breakthrough”, literally “through-break”).

cog

Breakthrough infections (urine infections that develop in children on antibiotics) can occasionally occur, and if they do, different preventative antibiotics can be given or sometimes surgery to fix the leaky valve can be undertaken.

a. 2005, “Brochure - Urinary Reflux”, in Renal Resource Centre, archived from the original on 2004-04-30:

There is also growing evidence that while Omicron may cause many breakthrough cases among previously infected or previously vaccinated populations, the morbidity and mortality associated with the disease among them will be lower, they added.

2022 January 15, “In open letter, 30 doctors issue appeal against use of ‘unwarranted medications, diagnostics’”, in The Indian Express, WordPress, archived from the original on 2022-01-15:

(immunology) Involving the contraction of a disease by a person with a decreased susceptibility, such as a person who has been vaccinated to help prevent that disease.


breakthrough

gennembrud

(engineering) penetration of a physical barrier

She was on two antiepileptics for five years but then had a breakthrough seizure.

He was managing his discomfort with common painkillers, but one morning he had breakthrough pain causing him to miss work.

(medicine, sometimes attributive) The emergence or one or more symptoms of a condition despite medication or other medical treatment.


escutcheon

/ɪˈskʌt͡ʃən/

From Middle English scochon, from Anglo-Norman escuchon, Old French escusson (French écusson), ultimately from Latin scutum (“shield”). Related to scutum, scute, scudo, escudo, and écu.

(medicine) The pattern of distribution of hair upon the pubic mound.


erysipelas

en-noun

erysipelas (countable and uncountable, plural erysipelases)

From Middle English erisipila, borrowed from Latin erysipelas, from Ancient Greek ἐρῠσῐ́πελᾰς (erŭsĭ́pelăs), probably related to ἐρῠθρός (erŭthrós, “red”) and πέλμᾰ (pélmă, “the sole of a foot”).

The symptoms gradually improved until, on the fifth day from her delivery, I was pleased to find the erysipelas rapidly defervescing, the lochia natural, no subinvolution of the uterus, nor abdominal tenderness.

1875 July 31, W. R. Smith, “Erysipelas During Parturition”, in James G. Wakley, editor, The Lancet, volume II, number 2709, London: John James Croft, […

(pathology) An acute, sometimes recurrent febrile disease caused by infection of a hemolytic streptococcus, associated with intense edematous local inflammation of the skin and subcutaneous tissues, and marked by large raised red patches on the skin.

црвен ветер m (crven veter, literally “red wind”)


penis envy

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-penis envy.wav

(psychoanalysis) The unconscious desire of a woman to possess a penis.


mastoiditis

mastoiditis (countable and uncountable, plural mastoiditides or mastoidites)

mastoiditides (plural)
mastoidites (plural)

(pathology) Inflammation of the mastoid process of the temporal bone.


fibula

fibula (plural fibulae or (obsolete) fibulæ or fibulas)

fibulae (plural)
fibulæ (obsolete plural)
fibulas (plural)

Borrowed from Latin fībula (“buckle, clasp, pin”). The bone is so named because the shape it makes with the tibia resembles a clasp, the fibula being the pin.

(anatomy) The smaller of the two bones in the lower leg.


antihistamine

Perhaps the most striking method of demonstrating the effect of antihistamine substances is to use them to protect guinea-pigs against the action of histamine sprayed into the air from an atomizer.

1946 December 7, British journal of pharmacology and chemotherapy, volume 1, number 4, page 278:

(pharmacology) A drug or substance that counteracts the effects of a histamine. Commonly used to alleviate the symptoms of hay fever and other allergies.


eugenic

en-adj

eugenic (comparative more eugenic, superlative most eugenic)

more eugenic (comparative)
most eugenic (superlative)

(genetics) Relating or adapting to production of strong or effective offspring.