FAC

Forward Air Control
w:Forward Air Control

(military, aviation) Initialism of Forward Air Control.


AD

en-noun

AD (countable and uncountable, plural ADs)

airworthiness directive
airworthiness directive#English

(aviation) Initialism of airworthiness directive.


AA

AA (countable and uncountable, plural AAs)

absolute altitude
absolute altitude#English

(aviation) Initialism of absolute altitude.


AA

en:Alcoholics Anonymous
en:Anna's Archive
en:The AA

Alas, I fear, Netflix will soon break my heart. And it's an American icon that is warning me: American Airlines (AA). ¶ You see, middlemen are dying. Sabre, the former AA subsidiary that is now an independent global distribution system (GDS) supplying travel agencies and online travel agencies with ticket and pricing information, recently announced it was raising the rates it charges on AA tickets.

2012, Kaihan Krippendorff, “Today's Business Revolution”, in Outthink the Competition: How a New Generation of Strategists Sees Options Others Ignore, John Wiley & Sons, →ISBN, page 21:

(aviation) Initialism of American Airlines: a major American airline headquartered in Fort Worth, Texas.

American Airlines

Aerolíneas Argentinas
w:Aerolíneas Argentinas

(aviation) Initialism of Aerolíneas Argentinas.

(aviation) Initialism of Ansett Australia or Ansett Airways.


AA

Alternative forms: a/a, A-A, A/A

(military, aviation) Initialism of anti-aircraft or anti-air.

(military, aviation) Initialism of air-to-air.


HIV

hydraulic isolation valve
hydraulic isolation valve#English

(aviation) Initialism of hydraulic isolation valve.


port

port (countable and uncountable, plural ports)

From Old English port, borrowed from Latin portus (“port, harbour”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *pértus (“crossing”) (and thus a distant doublet of ford). The directional sense, attested since at least the 1500s, derives from ancient vessels with the steering oar on the right (see etymology of starboard), which therefore had to moor with their left sides facing the dock or wharf. Doublet of fjard, fjord, firth, ford, and Portus.

doublet

non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger

(nautical, aviation, uncountable) The left-hand side of a vessel, including aircraft, when one is facing the front. Used to unambiguously refer to directions relative to the vessel structure, rather than to a person or object on board.


thin

en-adj

thin (comparative thinner, superlative thinnest)

thinner (comparative)
thinnest (superlative)

From Middle English thinne, thünne, thenne, from Old English þynne, from Proto-West Germanic *þunnī, from Proto-Germanic *þunnuz (“thin”) – compare *þanjaną (“to stretch, spread out”) – from Proto-Indo-European *ténh₂us (“thin”), from *ten- (“to stretch”).
Cognate with German dünn, Dutch dun, West Frisian tin, Icelandic þunnur, Danish tynd, Swedish tunn, Latin tenuis, Irish tanaí, Welsh tenau, Latvian tievs, Polish cienki, Russian тонкий (tonkij), Sanskrit तनु (tanú, “thin”), Persian تنگ (tang, “narrow”). Doublet of tenuis. Also related to tenuous.

In short, we previously found that thin routes benefit from an increase in competition in the Spanish airline market when considering routes that were monopoly routes in 2001.

2016, Hartmut Wolf, Peter Forsyth, David Gillen, Liberalization in Aviation, page 105:

(aviation) Of a route: relatively little used.


bank

From Middle English bank, from Old English hōbanca (“couch”) and Old English banc (“bank, hillock, embankment”), from Proto-Germanic *bankô. Akin to Old Norse bakki (“elevation, hill”), Norwegian bakke (“slope, hill”).

der

(aviation) The incline of an aircraft, especially during a turn.


bank

en-verb

bank (third-person singular simple present banks, present participle banking, simple past and past participle banked)

banks (present singular third-person)
banking (participle present)
banked (participle past)
banked (past)

(intransitive, aviation) To roll or incline laterally in order to turn.


pit

From Middle English pit, pet, püt, from Old English pytt, from Proto-West Germanic *puti, from Latin puteus (“trench, pit, well”), although there are phonetic difficulties.

he who digs a pit for others falls in himself


close

(aviation, travel) The time when checkin staff will no longer accept passengers for a flight.


boom

boom (third-person singular simple present booms, present participle booming, simple past and past participle boomed)

booms (present singular third-person)
booming (participle present)
boomed (participle past)
boomed (past)

Onomatopoeic, perhaps borrowed; compare German bummen, Dutch bommen (“to hum, buzz”). The sense "a period of economic growth" is generally taken to derive from the sense "a rapid expansion", although other origins have also been suggested.


boom

→ German: Boom

Indonesian: bum

→ Japanese: ブーム (būmu)

→ Polish: boom


wing

From Middle English winge, wenge, from Old Norse vængr ("wing of a flying animal, wing of a building"; compare vængi (“ship's cabin”)), from Proto-Germanic *wēingijaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂weh₁- (“to blow”), thus related to wind. Cognate with Danish vinge (“wing”), Swedish vinge (“wing”), Icelandic vængur (“wing”).
Replaced native Middle English fither (from Old English fiþre, from Proto-Germanic *fiþriją), which merged with Middle English fether (from Old English feþer, from Proto-Germanic *feþrō). More at feather.

gl

"wing of a flying animal, wing of a building"; compare <i class="Latn mention" lang="non">vængi</i> (“ship's cabin”)

der

I took my seat on the plane, overlooking the wing.

(aviation) Part of an aircraft that produces the lift for rising into the air.


DC

(aviation) Initialism of Douglas Commercial, used in the names of airliners designed by the Douglas Aircraft Company.


RJ

en-noun

RJ (countable and uncountable, plural RJs)


RR

(aviation, travel, dated) (from the status code used in the GDS) reconfirm / reconfirmed.


AC

absolute ceiling
absolute ceiling#English

(aviation) Initialism of absolute ceiling.


QC

QC (countable and uncountable, plural QCs)

(aviation) Initialism of quick change: a type of aircraft that can be rapidly switched between passenger and cargo configurations


NF

(US, aviation) Prefix code for NASA research fighter plane designations.


CL

CL (countable and uncountable, plural CLs)

lift coefficient
lift coefficient#English

(aviation) Initialism of lift coefficient.


YC

Combination of prefix C and prefix modifier Y

(US, military, aviation) prototype cargoplane (prefix)


PB

PB (countable and uncountable, plural PBs)

(US, military, aviation) Initialism of patrol bomber.


finger

Sranan Tongo: finga

PIE word
 *pénkʷe
From Middle English fynger, finger, from Old English finger (“finger”), from Proto-West Germanic *fingr, from Proto-Germanic *fingraz (“finger”), from Proto-Indo-European *penkʷrós, from *pénkʷe (“five”). Compare West Frisian finger, Low German/German Finger, Dutch vinger, Danish, Norwegian, and Swedish finger; also Old Armenian հինգեր-որդ (hinger-ord, “fifth”). More at five.

sormi

something similar in function to a finger

Something similarly extending, (especially) from a larger body, particularly:

(aviation) Synonym of jet bridge: the narrow elevated walkway connecting a plane to an airport.


TB

en-noun

TB (countable and uncountable, plural TBs)

(military, aviation) Initialism of torpedo bomber.

(military, aviation) Initialism of trainer bomber (“a bomber that also serves as a trainer aircraft”).


VC

VC (countable and uncountable, plural VCs)

→ Bengali: ভিসি (bhiśi)

very important person
very important person#English

(US, air force, aviation) Initialism of VIP cargo. Prefix code for very important persons transport aircraft.


GA

GA (countable and uncountable, plural GAs)

general aviation
general aviation#English

(aviation) Initialism of general aviation.


FL

(aviation) Abbreviation of flight level.


AG

AG (countable and uncountable, plural AGs)

agricultural aviation
agricultural aviation#English

(aviation, uncountable) Abbreviation of agricultural aviation.


TA

TA (countable and uncountable, plural TAs)

traffic advisory
traffic advisory#English

(countable, aviation) Initialism of traffic advisory (a type of TCAS warning).


OH

(US, army, aviation) Initialism of observation helicopter.


NH

(US, aviation) prefix code for NASA research helicopter designations.


ND

(aviation) Initialism of navigation display.


AB

AB (countable and uncountable, plural ABs)

(military, aviation) Initialism of airbase.


NC

(US, aviation) prefix code for NASA research cargo plane designations.


NB

(US, aviation) Initialism of NASA research bomber plane. (prefix code in designations)


CH

CH (countable and uncountable, plural CHs)

cargo helicopter
cargo helicopter#English

(US, army, aviation) Initialism of cargo helicopter.


bucket

→ Farefare: bɔgtɛ

→ Japanese: バケツ (baketsu)

→ Maori: pākete

From Middle English buket, boket, partly from Old English bucc ("bucket, pitcher"; mod. dialectal buck), equivalent to bouk + -et; and partly from Anglo-Norman buket, buquet (“tub; pail”) (compare Norman boutchet, Norman bouquet), diminutive of Old French buc (“abdomen; object with a cavity”), from Vulgar Latin *būcus (compare Occitan and Catalan buc, Italian buco, buca (“hole, gap”)), from Frankish *būk (“belly, stomach”). Both the Old English and Frankish terms derive from Proto-Germanic *būkaz (“belly, stomach”). More at bouk.

gloss

"bucket, pitcher"; mod. dialectal <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">buck</i>

der

mechanical engineering
mechanical engineering

(aviation, mechanical engineering, uncommon) A turbine blade driven by hot gas or steam.


PBB

en-noun

PBB (countable and uncountable, plural PBBs)

(aviation) Initialism of passenger boarding bridge.; Synonym of jet bridge


zoom

en-verb

zoom (third-person singular simple present zooms, present participle zooming, simple past and past participle zoomed)

zooms (present singular third-person)
zooming (participle present)
zoomed (participle past)
zoomed (past)

→ Dutch: zoomen

→ Finnish: zoomata

→ French: zoomer

→ German: zoomen

→ Italian: zoomare

→ Norwegian Bokmål: zoome

Uncertain. The verb was attested in 1892, noun in 1918 and interjection in 1942. Apparently related to Scots soom (“to buzz, hum”), dialectal English and Scots soom, swoom, sweem (“to spin or twirl at high speed”). Compare also dialectal English sweem (“to swoon, become dizzy or faint”).


nose

en-verb

nose (third-person singular simple present noses, present participle nosing, simple past and past participle nosed)

noses (present singular third-person)
nosing (participle present)
nosed (participle past)
nosed (past)

Audio (London, UK)

Audio (UK)

From Middle English nose, from Old English nosu, from Proto-West Germanic *nosu, variant of *nasō, old dual from Proto-Indo-European *néh₂s- ~ *nh₂es- (“nose, nostril”).
See also Saterland Frisian Noose, West Frisian noas, Dutch neus, Swedish nos, Norwegian nos (“snout”), German Low German Nees, Nes, Näs, German Nase, Swedish näsa, Norwegian nese, Danish næse (“nose”); also Latin nāris (“nostril”), nāsus (“nose”), Lithuanian nósis, Russian нос (nos), Sanskrit नासा (nā́sā, “nostrils”).

(intransitive, aviation) To dive down in a steep angle; to nosedive

The plane is nosing up!

We have to get it nosing down.

(intransitive, aviation, nautical) To travel with the nose of the plane/ship aimed in a particular direction.


bleed

en-noun

bleed (countable and uncountable, plural bleeds)

From Middle English bleden, from Old English blēdan (“to bleed”), from Proto-West Germanic *blōdijan, from Proto-Germanic *blōþijaną (“to bleed”), from *blōþą (“blood”).
Cognates
Cognate with Scots blede, bleid (“to bleed”), Saterland Frisian bläide (“to bleed”), West Frisian bliede (“to bleed”), Dutch bloeden (“to bleed”), Low German blöden (“to bleed”), German bluten (“to bleed”), Danish bløde (“to bleed”), Swedish blöda (“to bleed”).

When taking off at high altitude or at near-maximum weight, the bleeds have to be turned off temporarily, as they decrease engine power somewhat.

(aviation, usually in the plural) A system for tapping hot, high-pressure air from a gas turbine engine for purposes such as cabin pressurization and airframe anti-icing.


dive

From Middle English diven, duven, from the merger of Old English dȳfan (“to dip, immerse”, transitive weak verb) (from Proto-Germanic *dūbijaną) and dūfan (“to duck, dive, sink, penetrate”, intransitive strong verb) (past participle ġedofen). Cognate with Icelandic dýfa (“to dip, dive”), Low German bedaven (“covered, covered with water”). See also deep, dip.

cog

(aviation) Aerial descent with the nose pointed down.

şığıma

aerial descend with the nose pointed down


law

en-noun

law (countable and uncountable, plural laws)

From Middle English lawe, laȝe, from Old English lagu (“law”), borrowed from Old Norse lǫg (“law”, literally “things laid down or firmly established”), originally the plural of lag (“layer, stratum, a laying in order, measure, stroke”), from Proto-Germanic *lagą (“that which is laid down”), from Proto-Indo-European *legʰ- (“to lie”). Cognate with Scots law (“law”), Icelandic lög (“things laid down, law”), Faroese lóg (“law”), Norwegian lov (“law”), Swedish lag (“law”), Danish lov (“law”), Finnish laki (“law”). Replaced Old English ǣ and ġesetnes. More at lay.
Not related to legal, nor to French loi, Spanish ley, all of which ultimately derive from Latin lēx, from Proto-Indo-European *leǵ- (“to gather”).

азакуан

body of rules established in a community by its authorities

normal law; alternate law; direct law

(aviation) A mode of operation of the flight controls of a fly-by-wire aircraft.


tractor

→ Bengali: ট্র্যাক্টর (ṭrjakṭor)

→ Japanese: トラクター (torakutā)

desc

→ Hindi: ट्रेक्टर (ṭrekṭar), ट्रैक्टर (ṭraikṭar)

→ Khmer: ត្រាក់ទ័រ (traktɔə)

→ Korean: 트랙터 (teuraekteo)

desctree

→ Russian: тра́ктор (tráktor), тра́кторъ (tráktor) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
→ Armenian: տրակտոր (traktor)
→ Azerbaijani: traktor
⇒ Chinese:
Cantonese: 拖拉機 /拖拉机 (to¹ laai¹ gei¹)
Dungan: туәлаҗи (tuəlaži)
Mandarin: 拖拉機 /拖拉机 (tuōlājī)
Min Nan: 拖拉機 /拖拉机 (thoa-la-ki / tho-la-ki)
→ Bouyei: toylayjiy
→ Burmese: ထော် လာဂျီ (htau lagyi)
→ Lü: ᦷᦒᧈᦟᦱᧈᦋᦲᧈ (tho¹laa¹tsii¹)
→ Tibetan: ཐོ་ལ་ཅི (tho la ci)
→ Zhuang: dohlahgih
→ Dungan: трактор (traktor)
→ Georgian: ტრაქტორი (ṭrakṭori)
→ Ingrian: traktora
→ Kazakh: трактор (traktor)
→ Korean: 뜨락또르 (tteurakttoreu) (North Korea)
→ Kyrgyz: трактор (traktor)
→ Mongolian:
Cyrillic script: трактор (traktor)
Mongolian script: ᠲᠷᠠᠻᠲᠣᠷ (traktor)
→ Tajik: трактор (traktor)
→ Turkmen: traktor
→ Uyghur: تراكتور (traktor)
→ Uzbek: traktor

desc

→ Thai: แทรกเตอร์ (trɛ́k-dtə̂ə)

→ Thai: แทรกเตอร์ (trɛ́k-dtə̂ə)

→ Urdu: ٹْرَیکْٹَر (ṭraikṭar), ٹَرَیکْٹَر (ṭaraikṭar)

Formed from Latin tractus, perfect passive participle of trahere (“to pull”), + agent noun suffix -or.

(aviation) An aeroplane where the propeller is located in front of the fuselage.


paint

en-verb

paint (third-person singular simple present paints, present participle painting, simple past and past participle painted)

paints (present singular third-person)
painting (participle present)
painted (participle past)
painted (past)

→ Kashubian: peintowac (United States)

From Middle English peynten, from Old French peintier, paincter, itself from paint, the past participle of paindre, from Latin pingō (“to paint”) (perfect passive participle pictus). Displaced native Old English tēafor (“paint”) and *tīefran (“to paint”).

"We'll paint the target for the flyboys," the JTAC said.

The Albuquerque radar “painted” just one object whenever the light was on, none when it was off.

2023, J. Allen Hynek, The UFO Experience: Evidence Behind Close Encounters, Project Blue Book, and the Search for Answers, Red Wheel/Weiser, →ISBN, page 73:

(transitive, military or aviation, slang) To detect (something) with radar.


scissors

en-noun

scissors pl (plural only, attributive scissor)

From Middle English sisours, sisoures (attested since 1350–1400), from Old French cisoires, from Vulgar Latin *cīsōria, plural of Late Latin cīsōrium (“cutting tool”) (compare chisel); from Latin word root -cīsus (compare excise) or caesus, past participle of caedō (“to cut”). Partially displaced native Old English sċēara (“scissors, shears”), whence shears.
* The current spelling, from the 16th century, is due to association with Medieval Latin scissor (“tailor”), from Latin carrying the meaning “carver, cutter”, from scindere (“to split”).

(uncountable, aviation, military, with the) A type of defensive maneuver in dogfighting, involving repeatedly turning one's aircraft towards that of the attacker in order to force them to overshoot.

(countable, aviation, military) An instance of the above dogfighting maneuver.


chin

From Middle English chyn, from Old English ċinn (“chin”), from Proto-Germanic *kinnuz (“chin”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵénus (“chin, jaw”). Compare West Frisian/Dutch kin, Low German/German Kinn, Danish kind, Icelandic kinn, Welsh gen, Latin gena, Tocharian A śanwem, Ancient Greek γένυς (génus, “jaw”), Armenian ծնոտ (cnot), Persian چانه (čâne), Sanskrit हनु (hánu). Doublet of gena.

inh

In the cleft of the aircraft's chin is a small turret for a forward-looking infrared (FLIR) "eyeball" that will enable MH-47E pilots to see clearly in complete darkness […]

Lockheed Martin's system is mounted behind a transparent, low-observable window blended into the aircraft's chin.

(aviation) The lower part of the front of an aircraft, below the nose.


shear

en-verb

shear (third-person singular simple present shears, present participle shearing, simple past sheared or shore, past participle shorn or sheared)

shears (present singular third-person)
shearing (participle present)
sheared (past)
shore (past)
shorn (participle past)
sheared (participle past)

From Middle English sheren, scheren, from Old English sċieran (“to shear; to shave”), from Proto-West Germanic *skeran, from Proto-Germanic *skeraną, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to cut”).
Cognate with West Frisian skarre, Low German scheren, Dutch scheren, German scheren, Danish skære, Norwegian Bokmål skjære, Norwegian Nynorsk skjera, Swedish skära, Finnish keritä; and (from Indo-European) with Ancient Greek κείρω (keírō, “I cut off”), Latin caro (“flesh”), Albanian shqerr (“to tear, cut”), harr (“to cut, to mow”), Lithuanian skìrti (“separate”), Welsh ysgar (“separate”). See also sharp.

inh

The total along-the-runway wind component sheared from an 8-knot headwind to about a 56-knot tailwind over a 44-second period.

1985 March 21, National Transportation Safety Board, “2.3 Airplane Takeoff Performance”, in Aircraft Accident Report: United Airlines Flight 663, Boeing 727-222, N7647U, Denver, Colorado, May 31, 1984, page 41:

(aviation, meteorology, intransitive, of wind) To change in direction or speed.


shear

en-noun

shear (countable and uncountable, plural shears)

The first effect of a wind shear was detected at 34 to 42 seconds into the takeoff, at a speed of about 115 KIAS with the airplane about 3,800 feet down the runway. An average shear rate of about 2.5 knots per second resulted in an interruption in acceleration at this point with the airspeed remaining at 115 to 120 KIAS for 7 to 10 seconds.

(aviation, meteorology, uncountable) The phenomenon of wind shear.

We hit a nasty shear on approach and had to go around.

(aviation, meteorology, countable) A specific instance of wind shear.


spat

Shortening of spatterdash, from spatter + dash. 1779.

(aviation) A drag-reducing aerodynamic fairing covering the upper portions of the tyres of an aeroplane equipped with non-retractable landing gear.


down

en-adj

down (comparative more down, superlative most down)

tlb

(chiefly predicative, but see usage notes)

more down (comparative)
most down (superlative)

From Middle English doun, from Old English dūne, aphetic form of adūne, from ofdūne (“off the hill”). For the development from directional phrases to prepositions, compare Middle Low German dāle (“(in/to the) valley”), i.e. "down(wards)".

noncog

We have a chopper down near the river.

(not comparable, military, aviation, slang, of an aircraft) Mechanically failed, collided, shot down, or otherwise suddenly unable to fly.


butter

en-noun

butter (usually uncountable, plural butters)

→ Japanese: バター (batā)

→ Korean: 빠다 (ppada) (North Korea), 버터 (beoteo) (South Korea)

→ Sinhalese: බටර් (baṭar)

→ Zulu: ibhotela

From Middle English buter, butter, from Old English butere, from Proto-West Germanic *buterā, from Latin būtȳrum, from Ancient Greek βούτῡρον (boútūron, “cow cheese”), compound of βοῦς (boûs, “ox, cow”) and τῡρός (tūrós, “cheese”).

der

H@TipPalm-PalmDown-OpenB@CenterChesthigh-PalmUp Contact H@BasePalm H@TipPalm Contact H@BasePalm H@TipPalm Contact H@BasePalm

ܟܪܥܐ

kərāʿāʾ, kārʿāʾ, karʿāʾ

butter would not melt in someone's mouth

That landing was total butter!

(aviation, slang) A smooth plane landing.


bug

First attested in this form around 1620 (referring to a bedbug), from earlier bugge (“beetle”), a conflation of two words:
# Middle English bugge (“scarecrow, hobgoblin”), perhaps from obsolete Welsh bwg ("ghost, hobgoblin"; compare Welsh bwgwl ("threat", older "fear")) or from Proto-Germanic *bugja- (“swollen up, thick”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰew-, *bu- (“to swell”) (compare Norwegian bugge (“big man”), dialectal Low German Bögge (“goblin”, “snot”)). Or, from a word related to buck and originally referring to a goat-shaped spectre.
# Middle English budde (“beetle”), from Old English budda (see sċearnbudda (“dung beetle”)), from Proto-Germanic *buddô, *buzdô, from the same ultimate source as above (compare Low German Budde (“louse, grub”), Norwegian budda (“newborn domestic animal”)). More at bud.
The term is used to refer to technical errors and problems at least as early as the 19th century, predating the commonly known story of a moth being caught in a computer.

cog

given enough eyeballs, all bugs are shallow

You look up the proper speed for the phase of flight, set the reminder bug, and then literally forget the speed. You don't read the airspeed number, you fly to the bug.

2004, Flying Magazine, volume 131, number 10, page 10:

(aviation) A manually positioned marker in flight instruments.


upset

en-noun

upset (countable and uncountable, plural upsets)

From Middle English upset (“the act of setting up; establishment”), from Middle English upsetten, corresponding to up- + set. Cognate with Middle Low German upset (“setup; arrangement”).

cog

The Board determines that the probable cause of this accident was the unfavorable interaction of severe vertical air drafts and large longitudinal control displacements resulting in a longitudinal upset from which a successful recovery was not made.

1965 June 1, Civil Aeronautics Board, “Synopsis”, in Aircraft Accident Report: Northwest Airlines, Inc., Boeing 720B, N724US, Near Miami, Florida, February 12, 1963, retrieved 2022-11-25, page 1:

(aviation) The dangerous situation where the flight attitude or airspeed of an aircraft is outside the designed bounds of operation, possibly resulting in loss of control.


drive

en-verb

drive (third-person singular simple present drives, present participle driving, simple past drove or (archaic) drave or (dialectal) driv, past participle driven or (dialectal) druv or (dialectal) drove)

drives (present singular third-person)
driving (participle present)
drove (past)
drave (archaic past)
driv (dialectal past)
driven (participle past)
druv (dialectal participle past)
drove (dialectal participle past)

→ Scottish Gaelic: draibh

[d̠ɹ̠ ̝ʷaɪv]

From Middle English driven, from Old English drīfan (“to drive, force, move”), from Proto-West Germanic *drīban, from Proto-Germanic *drībaną (“to drive”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰreybʰ- (“to drive, push”).
Cognates
Cognate with Scots drive (“to drive”), North Frisian driwe (“to drive”), Saterland Frisian drieuwe (“to drive”), West Frisian driuwe (“to chase, drive, impel”), Dutch drijven (“to drive”), Low German drieven (“to drive, drift, push”), German treiben (“to drive, push, propel”), Norwegian Bokmål drive, Danish drive (“to drive, run, force”), Norwegian Nynorsk driva, Swedish driva (“to drive, power, drift, push, force”), Icelandic drífa (“to drive, hurry, rush”).

سَاقَ

to move (something) by hitting it with great force

don't drive faster than your guardian angel can fly

drive a 737

(transitive, slang, aviation) To operate (an aircraft); to pilot.

To operate a vehicle:
To operate (an aircraft); to pilot.


button

→ German: Button

→ Hindi: बटन (baṭan)

→ Gujarati: બટન (baṭan)

→ Korean: 버튼 (beoteun)

→ Maori: pātene

→ Marathi: बटण (baṭaṇ)

→ Urdu: بَٹَن (baṭan)

From Middle English boton, botoun, from Old French boton (Modern French bouton), from Old French bouter, boter (“to push; thrust”), ultimately from a Germanic language. Doublet of Biden and beat. More at butt.

In attempting to touch down on the button of the runway, he misjudged his altitude and struck a pile of rocks short of the runway. The right wheel was torn off and the gear leg bent backwards.

1984, Synopses of Aircraft Accidents: Civil Aircraft in Canada, page 42:

The second and slightly higher aircraft on the approach showed no reaction to this barrage of pyrotechnics and continued blissfully down toward the button of the runway.

1999, Les Morrison, Of Luck and War, page 69:


hold

Derived from Middle English holden, derived from Old English healdan, derived from Proto-West Germanic *haldan, derived from Proto-Germanic *haldaną (“to tend, herd”), maybe derived from Proto-Indo-European *kel- (“to drive”).
cognates
*West Frisian hâlde
*Low German holden, holen
*Dutch houden
*German halten
*Danish
*Norwegian Bokmål holde
*Norwegian Nynorsk halda.
Compare Latin celer (“quick”), Tocharian B käl- (“to goad, drive”), Ancient Greek κέλλω (kéllō, “to drive”), Sanskrit कलयति (kalayati, “to impel”).

der+

(aviation) A region of airspace reserved for aircraft being kept in a holding pattern.


hold

Alteration (due to hold) of hole. Cognate with Dutch hol (“hole, cave, den, cavity, cargo hold”), Dutch holte (“cavity, hollow, den”).

cog

We watched our luggage being loaded into the hold of the plane.

(nautical, aviation) The cargo area of a ship or aircraft (often holds or cargo hold).


sweep

From Middle English swepen, from Proto-West Germanic *swaipijan (unattested in Old English), from Proto-Germanic *swaipijaną. Cognate with Early Modern West Frisian swiepe (“whip, cleanse, sweep”), from Old Frisian swēpa, suepa (“sweep”). See also swoop.

airo

large oar used to propel and steer small vessels

The MiG-17's inner wing has 45 degrees of sweep.

(aviation) The degree to which an aircraft's wings are angled backwards (or, occasionally, forwards) from their attachments to the fuselage.


boot

Solombala English: бучь (bučʹ)

→ Maltese: buz

→ Russian: бутса (butsa)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бу́це

Latin script: búce

→ Swahili: buti

From Middle English boote, bote (“shoe”), from Old French bote (“a high, thick shoe”). Of obscure origin, but probably related to Old French bot (“club-foot”), bot (“fat, short, blunt”), from Old Frankish *butt, from Proto-Germanic *buttaz, *butaz (“cut off, short, numb, blunt”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰewt-, *bʰewd- (“to strike, push, shock”); if so, a doublet of butt. Compare Old Norse butt (“stump”), Low German butt (“blunt, plump”), Old English bytt (“small piece of land”), buttuc (“end”). More at buttock and debut.

couldn't pour water out of a boot with the instructions on the heel

(aviation) A rubber bladder on the leading edge of an aircraft’s wing, which is inflated periodically to remove ice buildup; a deicing boot.


overrun

en-noun

overrun (countable and uncountable, plural overruns)

/ˈəʊ.vəˌɹʌn/

/ˈoʊ.vɚˌɹʌn/

The runway has 7,000 feet of paved surface, plus a 2,000-foot grass overrun.

(aviation) An area of terrain beyond the end of a runway that is kept flat and unobstructed to allow an aircraft that runs off the end of the runway to stop safely.


CSS

CSS (countable and uncountable, plural CSSs or CSSes)

(aviation, travel) Initialism of change segment status, a GDS code used on older types of airline keyboards.


spin

en-verb

spin (third-person singular simple present spins, present participle spinning, simple past spun or (uncommon) span or (nonstandard) spinned, past participle spun or (nonstandard) spinned)

spins (present singular third-person)
spinning (participle present)
spun (past)
span (past uncommon)
spinned (nonstandard past)
spun (participle past)
spinned (nonstandard participle past)

From Middle English spinnen, from Old English spinnan, from Proto-Germanic *spinnaną, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)penh₁-. Compare Low German spinnen, Dutch spinnen, German spinnen, Danish spinde, Swedish spinna.

(ergative) To rotate, revolve, gyrate (usually quickly); to partially or completely rotate to face another direction.

(aviation, of an aircraft) To enter, or remain in, a spin (abnormal stalled flight mode).

(aviation, of a pilot) To cause one's aircraft to enter or remain in a spin (abnormal stalled flight mode).


spin

en-noun

spin (countable and uncountable, plural spins)

(aviation) A condition of flight where a stalled aircraft is simultaneously pitching, yawing, and rolling in a spinning motion.


wake

Probably from Middle Low German or Middle Dutch wake, from or akin to Old Norse vǫk (“a hole in the ice”) ( > Danish våge, Icelandic vök), from Proto-Germanic *wakwō (“wetness”), from Proto-Indo-European *wegʷ- (“moist, wet”).

der

(aviation) The turbulent air left behind a flying aircraft.


wet

en-adj

wet (comparative wetter, superlative wettest)

wetter (comparative)
wettest (superlative)

Bislama: wet

→ Araki: wet

From Middle English wet (“wet, moistened”), wett, wette, past participle of Middle English weten (“to wet”), from Old English wǣtan (“to wet, moisten, water”), from Proto-Germanic *wētijaną (“to wet, make wet”), from Proto-Indo-European *wed- (“water, wet”) (also the source of water).
Cognate with Scots weit, wete (“to wet”), Saterland Frisian wäitje (“to wet; drench”), Icelandic væta (“to wet”). Compare also Middle English weet (“wet”), from Old English wǣt (“wet, moist, rainy”), from Proto-West Germanic *wāt, from Proto-Germanic *wētaz (“wet, moist”), related to Scots weit, weet, wat (“wet”), North Frisian wiat, weet, wäit (“wet”), Saterland Frisian wäit (“wet”), West Frisian wiet (“wet”), Middle Dutch wet (“wet, damp, watery”), Swedish and Norwegian våt (“wet”), Danish våd (“wet”), Faroese vátur (“wet”), Icelandic votur (“wet”).

cog

the cat would eat fish but would not wet her feet

This fighter jet's engine is rated for a maximum wet thrust of 450 kilonewtons, more than twice its max dry thrust, but the afterburner eats up a huge amount of fuel.

(aviation) Using afterburners or water injection for increased engine thrust.


dirty

en-adj

dirty (comparative dirtier, superlative dirtiest)

dirtier (comparative)
dirtiest (superlative)

From Middle English dirti, alteration of earlier dritti, equivalent to dirt + -y. Cognate with Middle Low German drēterich (“dirty”).
See also drite.

(aviation) Having the undercarriage or flaps in the down position.


dry

dry (comparative drier or dryer, superlative driest or dryest)

drier (comparative)
dryer (comparative)
driest (superlative)
dryest (superlative)

wet

antonym(s) of “abstinent from or banning alcohol”

wet

antonym(s) of “not using afterburners or water injection”

wet

of a scientist or lab: doing computation

Sranan Tongo: drei

[d̠͡ɹ̠˔ʷaɪ̯]

Adjective and noun from Middle English drye, dryge, drüȝe, from Old English drȳġe (“dry; parched, withered”), from Proto-West Germanic *drūgī, *draugī, from Proto-Germanic *drūgiz, *draugiz (“dry, hard”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰerǵʰ- (“to strengthen; become hard”), from *dʰer- (“to hold, support”). The verb derives from Middle English drien, from Old English drȳġan (“to dry”), from Proto-West Germanic *drūgijan, from Proto-Germanic *drūgiz (“hard, desiccated, dry”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰerǵʰ- (“strong, hard, solid”).
cognates and related terms
 Cognate with Scots dry, drey (“dry”), North Frisian drüg, driig, Saterland Frisian druuch (“dry”), West Frisian droech (“dry”), Dutch droog (“dry”), Low German dröög (“dry”), German dröge (“dull”), Icelandic draugur (“a dry log”). Related also to German trocken (“dry”), West Frisian drege (“long-lasting”), Danish drøj (“tough”), Swedish dryg (“lasting, hard”), Icelandic drjúgur (“ample, long”), Latin firmus (“strong, firm, stable, durable”). See also drought, drain, dree.

cog

you don't miss the water till the well runs dry

you never miss the water till the well runs dry

you never miss the water until the well runs dry

This fighter jet's engine has a maximum dry thrust of 200 kilonewtons.

(aviation) Not using afterburners or water injection for increased thrust.


stab

If the pilots used electric pitch trim, it would only pause MCAS for 5s; to deactivate it you have to switch off the STAB TRIM CUTOUT switches.

2020, Chris Brady, “737 MAX - MCAS”, in The Boeing 737 Technical Site, archived from the original on 2021-01-23:

(aviation, slang) The horizontal or vertical stabilizer of an aircraft.


clean

en-adj

clean (comparative cleaner, superlative cleanest)

cleaner (comparative)
cleanest (superlative)

From Middle English clene, clane, from Old English clǣne (“clean, pure”), from Proto-West Germanic *klainī (“shining, fine, splendid, tender”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *glēy- (“gleaming”), from Proto-Indo-European *gel- (“to gleam”). Cognate with Scots clean (“absolute, pure, clear, empty”) and clene, clane (“clean”), North Frisian klien (“small”), West Frisian klien (“small”), klean (“clean”), Dutch klein (“small”), Low German kleen (“small”), German klein (“small”), Swedish klen (“weak, feeble, delicate”), Icelandic klénn (“poor, feeble, petty, snug, puny, cheesy, lame”).

cog

(aviation) Having the undercarriage and flaps in the up position.


float

en-verb

float (third-person singular simple present floats, present participle floating, simple past and past participle floated)

floats (present singular third-person)
floating (participle present)
floated (participle past)
floated (past)

From Middle English floten, from Old English flotian (“to float”), from Proto-West Germanic *flotōn, from Proto-Germanic *flutōną (“to float”), from Proto-Indo-European *plewd-, *plew- (“to float, swim, fly”).
Cognate with Saterland Frisian flotje (“to float”), West Frisian flotsje (“to float”), Dutch vlotten (“to float”), Middle Low German vloten, vlotten (“to float, swim”), German flötzen, flößen (“to float”), Swedish flotta (“to float”), Icelandic fljóta, Old English flēotan (“to float, swim”), Ancient Greek πλέω (pléō), Lithuanian plaukti, Russian пла́вать (plávatʹ). Compare flow, fleet.

ভাসানো

to cause something to be suspended in a liquid of greater density

(intransitive, aviation) To remain airborne, without touching down, for an excessive length of time during landing, due to excessive airspeed during the landing flare.

leijua

aviation: to remain airborne for an excessive length of time during landing


spoil

spoil (third-person singular simple present spoils, present participle spoiling, simple past and past participle spoiled or spoilt)

spoils (present singular third-person)
spoiling (participle present)
spoiled (participle past)
spoiled (past)
spoilt (participle past)
spoilt (past)

→ Welsh: sbwylio

From Middle English spoilen, spuylen, borrowed from Old French espoillier, espollier, espuler, from Latin spoliāre (“pillage, ruin, spoil”).

(aviation) To reduce the lift generated by an airplane or wing by deflecting air upwards, usually with a spoiler.


heavy

en-adj

heavy (comparative heavier, superlative heaviest)

heavier (comparative)
heaviest (superlative)

Sranan Tongo: hebi

From Middle English hevy, heviȝ, from Old English hefiġ, hefeġ, hæfiġ (“heavy; important, grave, severe, serious; oppressive, grievous; slow, dull”), from Proto-West Germanic *habīg (“heavy, hefty, weighty”), from Proto-Germanic *habīgaz (“heavy, hefty, weighty”), from Proto-Indo-European *keh₂p- (“to take, grasp, hold”).
Cognates:
Cognate with Scots hevy, havy, heavy (“heavy”), Dutch hevig (“violent, severe, intense, acute”), Middle Low German hēvich (“violent, fierce, intense”), German hebig (compare heftig (“fierce, severe, intense, violent, heavy”)), Icelandic höfugur (“heavy, weighty, important”), Latin capāx (“large, wide, roomy, spacious, capacious, capable, apt”).

cog

(aviation, of an aircraft) Having a relatively high takeoff weight and payload.

In a firm voice he said, “World Wide Six heavy is ready for takeoff.”

1990, Perry Francis Lafferty, The Downing of Flight Six Heavy, page 85:

Having a maximum takeoff weight exceeding 300,000 tons, as almost all widebodies do, generating high wake turbulence.


heavy

I read five heavies, maybe transports or tankers...could be bombers.

2000, Philip Woods, Shattered Allegiance, page 363:

A 76 Squadron pilot who later completed a second tour on Mosquitoes said that his colleagues on the light bombers “simply could never understand how awful being on heavies was.”

2012, Jon E. Lewis, The Mammoth Book of Heroes:

(aviation) A relatively large multi-engined aircraft.


metal

en-noun

metal (countable and uncountable, plural metals)

nonmetal

antonym(s) of “any of a number of chemical elements in the periodic table that form a metallic bond with other metal atoms”

From Middle English metal, a borrowing from Old French metal, from Latin metallum (“metal, mine, quarry, mineral”), itself a borrowing from Ancient Greek μέταλλον (métallon, “mine, quarry, metal”).

аметалл

atomic element or material made of such atoms

We have American Airlines tickets, but it's on British Airways metal.

(informal, travel, aviation) The actual airline operating a flight, rather than any of the codeshare operators.


fox

en-noun

fox (plural foxes or (nonstandard, dialectal) foxen)

foxes (plural)
foxen (dialectal nonstandard plural)

→ Cheyenne: vóhkéso

→ Japanese: フォックス (fokkusu)

→ Maori: pōkiha

From Middle English fox, from Old English fox (“fox”), from Proto-West Germanic *fuhs, from Proto-Germanic *fuhsaz (“fox”), from Proto-Indo-European *púḱsos (“the tailed one”), possibly from *puḱ- (“tail”).
Cognate with Scots fox (“fox”), West Frisian foks (“fox”), Fering-Öömrang North Frisian foos and Sölring and Heligoland fos, Dutch vos (“fox”), Low German vos (“fox”), German Fuchs (“fox”), Icelandic fóa (“fox”), Tocharian B päkā (“tail, chowrie”), Russian пух (pux, “down, fluff”), Sanskrit पुच्छ (púccha) (whence Torwali پوش (pūš, “fox”), Hindi पूंछ (pūñch, “tail”)).

inh

the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog

Got a lock! Fox, Fox!

2007 September 25, Bungie, Halo 3, Microsoft Game Studios, Xbox 360, level/area: The Ark:

Defense Technical Information Center
w:Defense Technical Information Center

(military, aviation) Air-to-air weapon launched.


plate

→ Maori: pereti

→ Hindi: प्लेट (pleṭ)

From Middle English plate, from Old French plate, from Medieval Latin plata, from Vulgar Latin *plat(t)us, from Ancient Greek πλατύς (platús, “broad, flat, wide”). Compare Spanish plato.
(foot): Cockney rhyming slang, from "plates of meat" for "feet".

der

(aviation, travel industry, dated) A metallic card, used to imprint tickets with an airline's logo, name, and numeric code.

(aviation, travel industry, by extension) The ability of a travel agent to issue tickets on behalf of a particular airline.

lipunkirjoitusoikeus

aviation: ability of a travel agent to issue tickets on behalf of a particular airline


plate

en-verb

plate (third-person singular simple present plates, present participle plating, simple past and past participle plated)

plates (present singular third-person)
plating (participle present)
plated (participle past)
plated (past)

From Middle English platen, from Old English platian and Old French plater, both ultimately from Latin plata (see above).

Tickets are normally plated on an itinerary's first international airline.

(aviation, travel industry) To specify which airline a ticket will be issued on behalf of.


shoot

shoot (third-person singular simple present shoots, present participle shooting, simple past shot, past participle shot or (rare) shotten)

shoots (present singular third-person)
shooting (participle present)
shot (past)
shot (participle past)
shotten (participle past rare)
shoot (infinitive)

→ Catalan: xut

→ Greek: σουτ (sout)

→ Hijazi Arabic: شوت (šūt)

→ North Levantine Arabic: شوت (šūt)

→ Persian: شوت (šut)

desc

→ Portuguese: chuto, chute (Brazil), chutar

→ Romanian: șut

→ Vietnamese: sút

From Middle English shoten, from Old English scēotan, from Proto-West Germanic *skeutan, from Proto-Germanic *skeutaną, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kéwd-e-ti, from *(s)kewd- (“to shoot, throw”).
Cognates
Cognate with West Frisian sjitte, Low German scheten, Dutch schieten, German schießen, Danish skyde, Norwegian Bokmål skyte, Norwegian Nynorsk skyta, Swedish skjuta; and also, through Indo-European, with Russian кида́ть (kidátʹ), Albanian hedh (“to throw, toss”), Persian چست (čost, “quick, active”), Lithuanian skudrùs.

(+ partitive object when injuring or genitive object when killing) ampua

when the looting starts, the shooting starts

He tried to shoot the visual approach to runway 12, but the visibility was too low.

(aviation) To carry out, or attempt to carry out (an approach to an airport runway).


CEO

en-noun

CEO (countable and uncountable, plural CEOs)

(aviation) Acronym of current engine option.


life

en-verb

life (third-person singular simple present lifes, present participle lifing, simple past and past participle lifed)

lifes (present singular third-person)
lifing (participle present)
lifed (participle past)
lifed (past)

From Middle English lyf, from Old English līf, from Proto-West Germanic *līb, from Proto-Germanic *lībą (“life, body”), from *lībaną (“to remain, stay, be left”), from Proto-Indo-European *leyp- (“to stick, glue”). Cognate with Scots life, leif (“life”), North Frisian liff (“life, limb, person, livelihood”), West Frisian liif (“belly, abdomen”), Dutch lijf (“body”), Low German lif (“body; life, life-force; waist”), German Leib (“body; womb”) and Leben (“life”), Danish, Norwegian and Swedish liv (“life; waist”), Icelandic líf (“life”). Related to belive.

cog

Now, the aim of the design is to extract more cycles from the component under study, at each new engine generation requirements are driving a reduction in the margin for the error, as parts cannot stand any drop in properties. Thus, the lifing procedures are refined by means of new models or additional specific testing for limiting features to increase the life of the components; […]

Ignacio Fernandez, ACCENT: Adaptive Control of Manufacturing Processes for a New Generation of Jet Engine Components, in 2012, D. Knörzer, J. Szodruch, Innovation for Sustainable Aviation in a Global Environment (page 302)

A decision was made as a matter of internal policy that all 'lifed' components on the two Royal aircraft would be removed at half-life and fitted to the two support aircraft, where the remaining life would be used prior to overhaul at the normal time.

2013, Chris Clark, From Hitler's U-Boats to Kruschev's Spyflights, page 180:

(aviation) To replace components whose operational lifetime has expired.


black hole

desc

→ Bengali: ব্ল্যাকহোল (blêkhol), ব্ল্যাক হোল (blêk hol)

→ Japanese: ブラックホール (burakku hōru)

→ Korean: 블랙홀 (beullaekhol)

en:Black Hole of Calcutta
en:Hong-Yee Chiu
en:John Archibald Wheeler
en:black hole (disambiguation)

In reference to celestial bodies, physicist Hong-Yee Chiu attributed the term to his colleague Robert H. Dicke, who stated around 1960–1961 that the objects were "like the Black Hole of Calcutta". The first known usage in print was by journalist Ann Ewing in 1964. Widespread popularization of the term is generally credited to a 1967 lecture by physicist John Wheeler.

(aviation) A dangerous optical illusion that can occur on a nighttime approach with dark, featureless terrain between the aircraft and a brightly-lit runway, where the aircraft appears to the pilots to be higher up than it actually is, potentially triggering a premature or overly-steep descent and a crash short of the runway.


waffle

en-verb

waffle (third-person singular simple present waffles, present participle waffling, simple past and past participle waffled)

waffles (present singular third-person)
waffling (participle present)
waffled (participle past)
waffled (past)

The verb is borrowed from Scots waffle (“to waver, flap, flutter”), from waff (“to wag, wave; to flap, flutter”) + -le (diminutive or frequentative suffix), from Middle Scots waff (“signal; gust of wind; glimpse; a flapping, waving”), from Northern Middle English wafe, waffe, a variant of waven (“to move to and fro, sway; to stray, wander; (figuratively) to follow a weaving course; (figuratively) to vacillate, waver; to move something to and fro, wave”) (whence wave), from Old English wafian (“to wave”), from Proto-Germanic *wabōną, *wabjaną (“to sway; to wander”), from Proto-Indo-European *webʰ- (“to braid, weave”).
Regarding sense 5 (“to speak or write (something) at length without any clear aim or point”), compare Old English wæflian (“to talk foolishly”), possibly ultimately from Proto-Germanic *babalōną (“to babble, chatter”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰā- (“to say”) and/or Proto-Indo-European *baba- (“to talk vaguely; to mumble”). The Oxford English Dictionary does not derive the English word waffle from this Old English word. Compare also Dutch wauwelen (“to linger, waffle, jabber, gab, chat”).
The noun is derived from the verb.

cog

(intransitive, aviation, road transport, colloquial) Of an aircraft or motor vehicle: to travel in a slow and unhurried manner.

gemächlich dahingleiten

of an aircraft or motor vehicle: to travel in a slow and unhurried manner


base

en-noun

base (countable and uncountable, plural bases)

acid

antonym(s) of “chemical compound that will neutralize an alkali”

From Middle English base, bas, baas, from Old French base, from Latin basis, from Ancient Greek βάσις (básis). Doublet of basis and bass.

أَسَاس

something from which other things extend

basis

chemical compound that will neutralize an acid


stick

stick (countable and uncountable, plural sticks)

→ Catalan: estic

→ Italian: stick

→ Korean: 스틱 (seutik)

→ Portuguese: stique, estique

→ Sranan Tongo: tiki

From Middle English stikke (“stick, rod, twig”), from Old English sticca (“rod, twig”), from Proto-West Germanic *stikkō, from Proto-Germanic *stikkô, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)teyg- (“to pierce, prick, be sharp”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian Stikke (“stick”), West Flemish stik (“stick”). Related to stigma.

der

better than a poke in the eye with a burnt stick

better than a poke in the eye with a sharp stick

better than a poke in the eye with a shitty stick

it is easy to find a stick to beat a dog

A tool, control, or instrument shaped somewhat like a stick.

(aviation) The control column of an aircraft; a joystick. (By convention, a wheel-like control mechanism with a handgrip on opposite sides, similar to the steering wheel of an automobile, can also be called the "stick", although "yoke" or "control wheel" is more commonly seen.)

For example: in making a turn, should you throw on too much stick and not enough rudder, you'll sideslip.

1941, Jay D. Blaufox, 33 Lessons in Flying, page 47:

(aviation, uncountable) Use of the stick to control the aircraft.

Bill Kirk, described by Robin as a "hell of a stick," didn't even attend college until after the Vietnam War.

2001, John Darrell Sherwood, Fast Movers: America's Jet Pilots and the Vietnam Experience, page 30:

(slang, dated) A person or group of people. (Perhaps, in some senses, because people are, broadly speaking, tall and thin, like pieces of wood.)

(military aviation, from joystick) A fighter pilot.


box

en-noun

box (plural boxes or (nonstandard, computing, humorous) boxen)

boxes (plural)
boxen (humorous nonstandard plural)

Tok Pisin: bokis

→ Afrikaans: boks

→ Bengali: বাক্স (bakśo)

→ Bulgarian: бокс (boks)

→ Crimean Tatar: boks

→ Danish: boks

→ Dutch: box m

→ Faroese: boks

→ French: box m

→ German: Box f

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: बकस m (bakas), बक्सा m (baksā)

Urdu: بکس m (baks, bakas)

→ Icelandic: box n

→ Indonesian: boks

→ Irish: bosca m

→ Italian: box m

→ Japanese: ボックス (bokkusu)

→ Korean: 박스 (bakseu)

→ Maori: pāka

→ Marwari: बकस (baks, bakas)

→ Nepali: बाकस (bākas)

→ Norman: bosc m

→ Norwegian: boks m

→ Pashto: بکس (baks)

→ Persian: باکس (bâks)

→ Polish: boks m

→ Portuguese: box m

→ Russian: бокс m (boks)

→ Scottish Gaelic: bogsa m, bocsa

→ Spanish: box m

→ Swedish: box c

→ Welsh: bocs

Etymology tree
Ancient Greek πῠ́ξος (pŭ́xos)
Ancient Greek -ις (-is)
Ancient Greek πυξίς (puxís)bor.
Late Latin buxisbor.
Proto-West Germanic *buhsā
Old English box
Middle English box
English box
From Middle English box (“container, box, cup”), from Old English box (“box, case”), from Proto-West Germanic *buhsā (“box”) from Late Latin buxis (“box”), Latin pyxis (“small box for medicines or toiletries”), of uncertain origin; compare Ancient Greek πύξος (púxos, “box or tablet made of boxwood; box; cylinder”) and Ancient Greek πυξίς (puxís, “box or tablet made of boxwood; box; cylinder”). Doublet of piseog, pyx, and pyxis.
Cognate with Middle Dutch bosse, busse (“jar; tin; round box”) (modern Dutch bos (“wood, forest”), bus (“container, box; bushing of a wheel”)), Old High German buhsa (Middle High German buhse, bühse, modern German Büchse (“box; can”)), Swedish hjulbössa (“wheel-box”).
The humorous plural form boxen is from box + -en, by analogy with oxen.

rasia

compartment or receptacle for receiving items

ramme

rectangular border around an image, text, etc.

ruutu

small area on a document for a tick mark

tofu

empty box displayed by some computer systems in place of a character not supported by available fonts

Senses relating to a two-dimensional object or space

(aviation) A diamond-shaped flying formation consisting of four aircraft.


cycle

→ Japanese: サイクル (saikuru)

From Middle English cicle (“fixed length period of years”), from Late Latin cyclus, from Ancient Greek κύκλος (kúklos, “circle”), from Proto-Hellenic *kúklos, *kʷókʷlos, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷékʷlos (“circle, wheel”).
Doublet of chakra, chakram, charkha, chukker, cyclus, and wheel (see there for more).

pyörä

bicycle, tricycle, motorcycle etc. — see also bicycle

(aviation) One take-off and landing of an aircraft, referring to a pressurisation cycle which places stresses on the fuselage.


churn

en-verb

churn (third-person singular simple present churns, present participle churning, simple past and past participle churned)

churns (present singular third-person)
churning (participle present)
churned (participle past)
churned (past)

Noun from Middle English chyrne, cherne, kyrne ( > Scots kirn), from Old English ċyrn, ċyrin, ċirin (“churn”), from Proto-Germanic *kirnijǭ (“churn”); verb from Middle English chyrnen from Old English ċernan, from Proto-Germanic *kirnijaną (“to churn, stir”), of unknown origin. Cognate with West Frisian tsjerne, Dutch karn, Walloon serene, German Karn, Kirne, Norwegian Bokmål kjerne, Danish kærne, Swedish kärna, Icelandic kirna.

der

(informal, travel, aviation) To repeatedly cancel and rebook a reservation in order to refresh ticket time limits or other fare rule restrictions.


aeroplane

[ˈɛə̯.ɹə.pleɪ̯n]

Borrowed from French aéroplane, from Ancient Greek ἀερόπλανος (aeróplanos, “wandering in air”), from ἀήρ (aḗr, “air”) + πλάνος (plános, “wandering”). First used by Joseph Pline in an 1855 patent.https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Aircraft_Design/NeHoahlhCGMC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Joseph+Pline+glider&pg=PA3&printsec=frontcover;https://books.google.at/books?id=fSQUAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA768&dq=Joseph+Pline+brevet+1855&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjgk5Cz_a_wAhXZhf0HHdjNAJwQ6AEwAnoECAIQAg#v=onepage&q=Joseph%20Pline%20brevet%201855&f=false

(aviation, Commonwealth) Synonym of airplane. A powered heavier-than-air aircraft with fixed wings.


stealth

From Middle English stelthe, from Old English stǣlþ, from Proto-Germanic *stēliþō, equivalent to steal + -th. Compare Old English stalu (“theft, stealth”), Old High German stāla (“theft”), German Diebstahl (“theft”).

(military, aviation, vehicles, technology) Having properties that diminish radar signatures.


EOD

(aviation) Initialism of end of daylight.


put down

en-verb

put down (third-person singular simple present puts down, present participle putting down, simple past and past participle put down)

puts down (present singular third-person)
putting down (participle present)
put down (participle past)
put down (past)

The pilot managed to put down in a nearby farm field.

(aviation, idiomatic, of an aircraft) To land.


ABC

Advance Booking Charter
w:Advance Booking Charter

(aviation) Initialism of Advance Booking Charter.


holding pattern

en-noun

holding pattern (plural holding patterns)

The plane flew in a holding pattern for half an hour because one runway was closed.

(aviation) A path taken by an aircraft waiting to land.


DOJ

(travel, aviation) Initialism of double open jaw.


FM

FM (countable and uncountable, plural FMs)

(countable, aviation) Initialism of fan marker.


pitch

From Middle English picchen, pycchen (“to thrust in, fasten, settle”), from Old English *piċċan, from Proto-West Germanic *pikkijan, a variant of Proto-West Germanic *pikkōn (“to pick, peck”), whence Middle English pikken, picken (“to pick, pierce”), modern English pick.

килово клатене

nautical: measure of extent to which a vessel's bow and stern go up and down

the pitch of an aircraft

The rotation angle about the transverse axis.

(nautical, aviation) The degree to which a vehicle, especially a ship or aircraft, rotates on such an axis, tilting its bow or nose up or down.

nyökkääminen

aviation: measure of the degree to which an aircraft's nose tilts up or down

The propeller blades' pitch went to 90° as the engine was feathered.

(aviation) A measure of the angle of attack of a propeller.


pitch

en-verb

pitch (third-person singular simple present pitches, present participle pitching, simple past and past participle pitched or (obsolete) pight)

pitches (present singular third-person)
pitching (participle present)
pitched (participle past)
pitched (past)
pight (obsolete participle past)
pight (obsolete past)

Spanish: pichar

uhrata

card games: discard a card for some gain

The typhoon pitched the deck of the ship.

The airplane pitched.

His bone leg steadied in that hole ; one arm elevated, and holding by a shroud ; Captain Ahab stood erect, looking straight out beyond the ship's ever-pitching prow.

1851 November 14, Herman Melville, chapter 28, in Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers; London: Richard Bentley, →OCLC, page 136:

Half a dozen deserted boats pitched aimlessly upon the confusion of the waves.

1898, H.G. Wells, The War of the Worlds, London: William Heinemann, page 103:

(transitive, intransitive, aviation or nautical) To move so that the front of an aircraft or boat goes alternatively up and down.

jyskiä

move so that the front of the craft goes alternatively up and down


alpha

en-noun

alpha (countable and uncountable, plural alphas)

From the Ancient Greek ἄλφα (álpha), the first letter of the Greek alphabet, from the Phoenician 𐤀 (ʾ, “aleph”). Doublet of alif and aleph.


HBO

/ˌeɪtʃ ˌbiː ˈoʊ/

(aviation, travel) Initialism of hand baggage only. (fare type)


gamma

gamma (countable and uncountable, plural gammas)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek γάμμα (gámma). Doublet of gimel.

(aviation) Flight path angle; the angle by which an aircraft's flight path deviates from the horizontal plane.


theta

→ Malay: teta

Borrowed from Ancient Greek θῆτα (thêta).

(aviation, by extension) Pitch angle; the angle between an aircraft's longitudinal axis and the horizontal plane.


beta

beta (countable and uncountable, plural betas)

From Ancient Greek βῆτα (bêta). Doublet of beth.

(aviation) The range of engine power settings in which the blade pitch angle of a constant-speed propeller is controlled directly by the angle of the engine's throttle lever (rather than varying with engine torque and airspeed to maintain a constant propeller RPM), allowing the propeller to be disked to generate high drag and slow the aircraft quickly.


AI

Audio (US)


strafe

en-verb

strafe (third-person singular simple present strafes, present participle strafing, simple past and past participle strafed)

strafes (present singular third-person)
strafing (participle present)
strafed (participle past)
strafed (past)

From German strafe (“punish”) (a conjugated form of strafen), from phrases like Gott strafe England (“God punish England”) which the British saw during the First World War.

(transitive, military, aviation) To attack (ground targets) with automatic gunfire from a low-flying aircraft.


pilot

→ Dari: پیلوت (pilot)

→ Hindi: पायलट (pāylaṭ)

→ Japanese: パイロット (pairotto)

→ Korean: 파일럿 (pailleot)

→ Northern Kurdish: pîlot

From Middle French pilot, pillot, from Italian pilota, piloto, older also pedotta, pedot(t)o (the form in pil- is probably influenced by pileggiare (“to sail, navigate”)); ultimately from unattested Byzantine Greek *πηδώτης (*pēdṓtēs, “helmsman”), from Ancient Greek πηδόν (pēdón, “blade of an oar, oar”), hence also Ancient and Modern Greek πηδάλιον (pēdálion, “rudder”).

der

(aviation) A person who is in charge of the controls of an aircraft.


jet

Borrowed from French jet (“spurt”, literally “a throw”), from Old French get, giet, from Vulgar Latin *iectus, jectus, from Latin iactus (“a throwing, a throw”), from iacere (“to throw”). See abject, ejaculate, gist, jess, jut. Cognate with Spanish echar.

bor

(aviation) A type of airplane using jet engines rather than propellers.


apron

Rebracketing of napron (a napron → an apron), from Middle English naperoun, napron, apron, from Old French napperon, diminutive of nappe (“tablecloth”), from Latin mappa (“napkin”). For other similar cases of rebracketing, see adder, daffodil, newt, nickname, orange, trickle, umpire.

A hard surface bordering a structure or area.

(aviation) The paved area of an airport, especially the area where aircraft park away from a terminal.


parachute

Borrowed from French parachute, from para- (“protection against”) (as in parasol) and chute (“fall”).

(aviation) A device, generally constructed from fabric, that is designed to employ air resistance to control the fall of an object or person, causing them to float instead of falling.

valskerm

device designed to control the fall of an object or person


mast

From Middle English mast, from Old English mæst (“mast”), from Proto-West Germanic *mast, from Proto-Germanic *mastaz (“mast, sail-pole”), from Proto-Indo-European *mazdos (“pole, mast”). Cognate with Dutch mast, German Mast, and via Indo-European with Latin mālus, Russian мост (most, “bridge”), Irish adhmad.

der

(nautical, communication, aviation) A tall, slim post or tower, usually tapering upward, used to support, for example, sails or observation platforms on a ship, the main rotor of a helicopter, flags, floodlights, meteorological instruments, or communications equipment, such as an aerial, usually supported by guy-wires (except in the case of a helicopter).


vector

Learned borrowing from Latin vector (“carrier, transporter”), from vehō (“I carry, I transport, I bear”), also ultimately the root of English vehicle.
The “person or entity that passes along an urban legend or other meme” sense derives from the disease sense.
The mathematics sense was coined by Irish mathematician and astronomer William Rowan Hamilton in 1846.

coin

I was told to fly out on a vector of 100 degrees to meet a strong plot of aircraft 30 miles from the coast.

2017, Mark Chambers, Tony Holmes, Nakajima B5N ‘Kate’ and B6N ‘Jill’ Units, page 32:

(aviation) A chosen course or direction for motion, as of an aircraft.

курс

aviation: chosen course or direction for motion


Christmas tree

PIE word
 *dóru
[[File:Emoji u1f384.svg|thumb||200px|The emoji for Christmas tree: see the entry at 🎄.]]
From Christmas + tree, a calque of German Weynacht Baum (obsolete, 17th c.), Weihnachtsbaum, from Weynacht, Weihnacht (literary or poetic variant of Weihnachten (“Christmas”)) + -s- (genitive interfix) + Baum (“tree”). The custom of Christmas trees was adopted in the United Kingdom from Germany in the 19th century, having been popularized by their use by the royal family during the reign of Queen Victoria from 1837 to 1901.
Sense 3 (“Christmas party”) refers to the fact that there is usually a Christmas tree (sense 1) at the event.

joulukuusi

something which resembles a Christmas tree in appearance or shape

Farnsworth and Reed […] have reported on comparative reaction times to "Christmas tree" signal lights with respect to color deficiency. One of the most important color discriminations involved in the operation of a submarine is that of reading the "Christmas tree," a panel of 30 to 60 small jewel-shaped lights, used to indicate whether hull openings, such as hatches and vents, are sealed or not.

D[ean] Farnsworth, J. D. Reed (1946 February 5) Comparative Reaction Times to Christmas Tree Signal Lights with Respect to Color Deficiency (Project X-265 (Av-153-c); Report No. 10), New London, Conn.: Medical Research Department, U.S. Navy Submarine Base, New London

(by extension) Something which resembles a Christmas tree (sense 1) in appearance (for example, in having coloured lights) or shape.

(aviation, nautical, slang) A panel of indicator lights in an aircraft or a submarine.

mittaristovalot

The existing ramp, the part that the B-52 used, a great amount of it was out in the alert area, on what we call a christmas tree^([sic]) stub at the end of the runway, in a dispersed posture.

1968 May 1, Colonel Fenlon, witness, “Statement of Maj. Gen. G. H. Goddard, Director of Civil Engineering, U.S. Air Force—Resumed”, in Military Construction Appropriations for Fiscal Year 1969: Joint Hearings before the Subcommittees on Military Construction of the Committee on Appropriations and the Committee on Armed Services, United States Senate, Ninetieth Congress, Second Session on H.R. 18785, an Act Making Appropriations for Military Construction for the Department of Defense for the Fiscal Year Ending June 30, 1969, and for Other Purposes […], Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, →OCLC, page 350:

At the eastern tip of the runway-taxiway lay the alert area for about nine aircraft, along with an alert building for the airmen to live. This area, called the "Christmas Tree" as a result of the Christmas tree shape of the runway pattern for alert aircraft, had compacted gravel base for concrete, but had not been paved.

1975, Robert Herman Kelting, The Great Bong Bungle, volume I (unpublished dissertation), Madison, Wis.: University of Wisconsin–Madison, →OCLC, page 21:

The current alert area consists of a "Christmas Tree" configuration with alert parking stubs angled at 45° off of a central taxiway.

1983 April 19, Norman G. Delbridge, Jr., witness, “Questions Submitted by Senator Strom Thurmond, Answers Supplied by Gen. Norman G. Delbridge, Jr., Assistant Chief of Engineers, Office of the Chief of Engineers, Department of the Army”, in Military Construction Authorization Fiscal Year 1984: Hearings before the Subcommittee on Military Construction of the Committee on Armed Services, United States Senate, Ninety-eighth Congress, First Session on S. 720, a Bill to Authorize Certain Construction at Military Installations for Fiscal Year 1984, and for Other Purposes […] (S. Hrg. 98-448), Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, →OCLC, page 252:

(US, aviation, historical) An alert area at an air base with aircraft parked in stubs arranged at a 45-degree angle to a central taxiway to enable them to move rapidly to a runway; these were constructed by the Strategic Air Command of the United States Air Force during the Cold War (generally 1947–1991).


kiss

From Middle English kis, kys, kus, forms of cos influenced by kissen, from Old English coss, from Proto-West Germanic *koss, from Proto-Germanic *kussaz.

(aviation) A low-speed mid-air collision between the envelopes of two hot air balloons, generally causing no damage or injury.


primary

/ˈpɹaɪˌmɛɹi/

Borrowed from Latin prīmārius (“of the first (rank); chief, principal; excellent”), from prīmus (first; whence the English adjective prime) + -ārius (whence the English suffix -ary); compare the French primaire, primer, and premier. Doublet of premier.

bor

(aviation) A radar return from an aircraft (or other object) produced solely by the reflection of the radar beam from the aircraft's skin, without additional information from the aircraft's transponder.


gear

en-noun

gear (countable and uncountable, plural gears)

From Middle English gere, a borrowing from Old Norse gervi, from Proto-Germanic *garwijaną (“to prepare”). See also adjective yare, yar from the same root via Old English.

der

gear-up landing

Get the gear down quick!


turnaround

en-noun

turnaround (countable and uncountable, plural turnarounds)

(aviation, aerospace) Preparations for takeoff, such as loading and servicing.


skin

skin (countable and uncountable, plural skins)

From Middle English skyn, skinn, from Old English scinn, from Old Norse skinn (“animal hide”), from Proto-Germanic *skinþą, from Proto-Indo-European *sken- (“to split off”), nasal variant of *skeh₁i-d- (“to cut”). Partially displaced native Old English hȳd (“skin, hide”), from which derives hide. Unrelated to shin.
Cognate with Dutch schinde (“bark”), dialectal German Schinde (“fruit peel”); also Breton skant (“scales”), Old Irish ceinn, Irish scainim (“I tear, burst”), Latin scindere (“to split, divide”), Sanskrit छिनत्ति (chinátti, “he splits”).

hinasuna

outer protective layer of the body of a person or animal

don't sell the skin till you have caught the bear

(aviation) The outer surface covering much of the wings and fuselage of an aircraft.


spool

From Middle English spole (possibly via Old Northern French spole, espole), from Middle Dutch spoele, from Old Dutch *spōla, *spuola, from Proto-Germanic *spōlǭ (“spool”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)pel- (“to cleave, split”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian Spoule (“spool”), Dutch spoel (“spool”), German Spule (“spool”), Swedish spole (“spool”), Icelandic spóla (“spool; reel”). The aviation usage is based on the visual similarity of one of the spools of a turbine engine to a spool used for thread (especially in cross-section). See also spill.

der

The high-pressure spool rotates faster than the intermediate- and low-pressure spools, as the high-pressure turbine is driven by superheated combustion gases straight out of the burners, while the high-pressure compressor has to spin very fast to compress air that has already been compressed and heated by the low- and intermediate-pressure compressors.

(aviation) One of the rotating assemblies of a gas turbine engine, composed of one or more turbine stages, a shaft, and one or more compressor or fan stages.


yaw

en-verb

yaw (third-person singular simple present yaws, present participle yawing, simple past and past participle yawed)

yaws (present singular third-person)
yawing (participle present)
yawed (participle past)
yawed (past)

Unknown, first attested in the mid-16th century. Perhaps related to yar (“quick, agile”), or alternatively from Old Norse jaga (“to chase, drive, move back and forth”), from Middle Low German jagen (“to hunt, chase, pursue”), from Old Saxon *jagōn, from Proto-West Germanic *jagōn, from Proto-Germanic *jakkōną (“to hunt”).

der

you're (some non-rhotic accents, especially with the pour–poor merger)

(intransitive, aviation) To turn about the vertical axis while maintaining course.


grease

en-verb

grease (third-person singular simple present greases, present participle greasing, simple past and past participle greased)

greases (present singular third-person)
greasing (participle present)
greased (participle past)
greased (past)

From Middle English grece, from Anglo-Norman grece, from Vulgar Latin *grassia, noun derived from Latin crassus (“fat, thick”).

To my amazement, I greased the landing despite the tricky crosswinds.

(transitive, slang, aviation) To perform a landing extraordinarily smoothly.

laskeutua todella pehmeästi

to perform a landing extraordinarily smoothly


parrot

First attested in 1525. From Middle French perrot, either a diminutive of Pierre or a shortened form of perroquet (whence also parakeet). Compare French pierrot and Occitan parrat. A number of origins have been suggested for perroquet, such as Spanish periquito and Italian parrocchetto. The relationship between these various words is disputed. Replaced earlier popinjay.


aerial

en-adj

aerial (comparative more aerial, superlative most aerial)

more aerial (comparative)
most aerial (superlative)

General American, Mary–marry–merry merger

From Latin āerius + -al, from Ancient Greek ἀέριος (aérios), from ἀήρ (aḗr, “air”).

In his submission to the UN, [Christof] Heyns points to the experience of drones. Unmanned aerial vehicles were intended initially only for surveillance, and their use for offensive purposes was prohibited, yet once strategists realised their perceived advantages as a means of carrying out targeted killings, all objections were swept out of the way.

2013 June 7, Ed Pilkington, “‘Killer robots’ should be banned in advance, UN told”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 188, number 26, page 6:

(aviation) Pertaining to a vehicle which travels through the air; airborne; relating to or conducted by means of aircraft.


INS

inertial navigation system
w:inertial navigation system

(aviation) Initialism of inertial navigation system.


flag

en-noun

flag (countable and uncountable, plural flags)

From Middle English flag, flagge (“flag”), further etymology uncertain. Perhaps from or related to early Middle English flage (name for a baby's garment) and Old English flagg, flacg (“cataplasm, poultice, plaster”). Or, perhaps ultimately imitative, or otherwise drawn from Proto-Germanic *flaką (“something flat”), from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₂- (“flat, broad, plain”), referring to the shape.
Germanic cognates include Saterland Frisian Flaage (“flag”), West Frisian flagge (“flag”), Dutch vlag (“flag”), German Flagge (“flag”), Swedish flagga (“flag”), Danish flag (“flag, ship's flag”). Compare also Middle English flacken (“to flutter, palpitate”), Swedish dialectal flage (“to flutter in the wind”), Old Norse flögra (“to flap about”). Akin to Old High German flogarōn (“to flutter”), Old High German flogezen (“to flutter, flicker”), Middle English flakeren (“to move quickly to and fro”), Old English flacor (“fluttering, flying”). More at flack, flacker.

onomatopoeic

imitative

cog

I was shooting an IFR approach down the San Francisco slot, when all of a sudden the ILS flag popped up.

1966, Barry J. Schiff, All about Flying: An Introduction to the World of Flying, page 72:

[…] and then the OFF flag popped up and the needle went dead.

1980, Paul Garrison, Flying VFR in marginal weather, page 139:

(aviation) A mechanical indicator that pops up to draw the pilot's attention to a problem or malfunction.


honeycomb

en-noun

honeycomb (countable and uncountable, plural honeycombs)

Alhambra
Oxford English Dictionary
United States Army

The noun is derived from Middle English hony comb, from Old English huniġcamb, from huniġ (“honey”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kn̥h₂ónks (“honey”)) + camb (“comb”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵómbʰos (“peg; tooth; row of teeth”)). The English word is analysable as honey + comb. The Oxford English Dictionary posits that the arrangement of several plates of wax “hanging parallel to each other from the roof of the hive suggests a comb with its teeth”. The verb is derived from the noun.

kennosto

something resembling honeycomb in having numerous cells or small holes

hunaja

something resembling honeycomb in sweetness; something desirable or pleasant

(countable, by extension) Something resembling honeycomb (sense 1) in having numerous cells or small holes.

(chiefly aviation) Material manufactured with small hollow cells, sometimes sandwiched between two flat sheets, which is used to make light, stiff structural components.

kennosto

material manufactured with small hollow cells


skid

From Middle English *skid, from Old Norse skíð (“a billet of wood, a beam or plank on which something rests”), from Proto-Germanic *skīdą (“log, clapboard”), from Proto-Indo-European *skey-t-, *skey- (“to split, divide, separate”). Cognate with English shide, from Middle English schyd, schyde, schide (“plank, beam”), German Scheit (“piece of wood, log”). Doublet of ski.

inh

(aviation) A banked sideslip where the aircraft's nose is yawed towards the low wing, often due to excessive rudder input.


skid

en-verb

skid (third-person singular simple present skids, present participle skidding, simple past and past participle skidded)

skids (present singular third-person)
skidding (participle present)
skidded (participle past)
skidded (past)

Don't use excessive rudder when turning, especially at low airspeed, as this causes your plane to skid through the turn, which can cause you to very rapidly enter a spin if the inner wing stalls.

Because of the jammed ailerons, the pilot had to use careful rudder inputs to skid his plane in order to turn it so he could get lined up with the runway.

(intransitive, transitive, aviation) To operate an aircraft in a banked sideslip with the nose yawed towards the low wing.


carrier

но́сьбіт

person or object that carries someone or something else

Southwest, the nation’s largest domestic carrier, is installing seats with less cushion and thinner materials — a svelte model known in the business as “slim-line.”

2013 December 22, Jad Mouawad, Martha C. White, New York Times, retrieved 2013-12-23:


cannon

en-noun

cannon (countable and uncountable, plural cannons or (mainly UK) cannon)

cannons (plural)
cannon (UK mainly plural)

Attested from around 1400 as Middle English canon, canoun, from Old French canon, from Italian cannone, from Latin canna, from Ancient Greek κάννα (kánna, “reed”), from Akkadian 𒄀 (qanû, “reed”), from Sumerian 𒄀𒈾 (gi.na). Doublet of canyon. This spelling was not fixed until about 1800.

Any similar device for shooting material out of a tube.

(military, chiefly aviation) An autocannon.


slip

en-verb

slip (third-person singular simple present slips, present participle slipping, simple past and past participle slipped or (obsolete) slipt)

slips (present singular third-person)
slipping (participle present)
slipped (participle past)
slipped (past)
slipt (obsolete participle past)
slipt (obsolete past)

From Middle English slippen, probably from Middle Low German slippen, from Old Saxon *slippian, from Proto-West Germanic *slippjan, from Proto-Germanic *slipjaną (“to glide”), an iterative form of *slīpaną (“to slip, slide”), from Proto-Indo-European *sleyb- (“slimy; to slide”). Possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *slewbʰ- (“slip, slide”), or related to Proto-Germanic *slībaną (“to split”); related to Old English slipor (“slippery”).
Cognate with Saterland Frisian slipje (“to slip”), Dutch slippen (“to slip”), German Low German slippen, slupen (“to slip”), German schlüpfen (“to slip”).

der

(intransitive, aviation, of an aircraft) Clipping of sideslip (“to fly with the longitudinal axis misaligned with the relative wind”)..


slip

there's many a slip between the cup and the lip

there's many a slip twixt the cup and the lip

(nautical, aviation) A difference between the theoretical distance traveled per revolution of the propeller and the actual advance of the vessel.

jättämä

nautical: difference between theoretical and actual advance of a vessel


direct

en-adj

direct (comparative more direct, superlative most direct)

more direct (comparative)
most direct (superlative)

/daɪ̯əˈɹɛkt/

Borrowed from Latin dīrectus, perfect passive participle of dīrigō (“straighten, direct”), from dis- (“asunder, in pieces, apart, in two”) + regō (“make straight, rule”). Compare dress. Doublet of derecho.
For the meaning development compare with Russian напра́вить (naprávitʹ, “to direct, to turn, to aim, to level, to point”), отпра́вить (otprávitʹ, “to send, to dispatch, to forward”) connected with пра́вить (právitʹ, “to govern, to rule, to drive, to steer”).

m+

(aviation, travel) Having a single flight number.


batsman

batswoman

batsman; when is treated as both male and female

(aviation, historical) An officer who used a pair of hand-held bats to signal to aircraft as they came in to land on the flight deck.


guard

From Middle English garde, from early Middle French or late Old French guarde (“a guardian, warden, keeper”) (whence modern French garde), from the verb guarder. Doublet of garda, which is from Irish.

der

(aviation) The aircraft emergency frequency, a radio frequency reserved for emergency communications, typically 121.5MHz for civilian use.


canard

Borrowed from French canard (“duck, hoax”).
etymology note
The primary English meaning of canard comes from the Medieval French expression “vendre un canard à moitié”, which literally means “to sell half a duck” or “to half-sell a duck”. This was perhaps the punch line to a joke. Eventually the punch line came to stand for the joke and then finally the word alone stood for the whole concept. The story may perhaps have gone like this: A duck seller is successful and content as the only duck seller on a street, selling his ducks for eight francs each. A new duck seller moves in across the street who steals all the business by offering his ducks for seven francs each. Then a price war ensues, back and forth, until the new duck seller is down to three francs for a duck. The original duck seller is beside himself with worry and frustration, but finally he puts up a big sign that says, “Two francs” and then in small print at the bottom “for half a duck.” In this way, to half-sell ducks may have come to mean tricking people with something that is literally true but misleading. It has this same metaphorical meaning in French. Now in English, it simply means anything that is deliberately misleading, a hoax.

(aviation) A type of aircraft in which the primary horizontal control and stabilization surfaces are in front of the main wing.

(aviation, by extension) A horizontal control and stabilization surface located in front of the main wing of an aircraft.


cricket

From Middle English creket, crykett, crykette, from Old French criket (with diminutive -et) from criquer (“to make a cracking sound; creak”), from Middle Dutch kricken (“to creak; crack”), from Proto-West Germanic *krakōn, from Proto-Germanic *krakōną, related to Middle English creken, criken (“to creak”), all ultimately of imitative origin.
Compare Dutch kriek (“cricket”), Middle Dutch krikel, criekel, crekel (“cricket”) (with diminituve -el), Middle Low German krikel, krekel (“cricket”), German Kreckel (“cricket”). More at creak.

onomatopoeic

imitative

(aviation, slang) An aural warning sound consisting of a continuously-repeating chime, designed to be difficult for pilots to ignore.


instrument

From Middle English instrument, from Old French instrument, from Latin īnstrūmentum (“an implement, tool”),
From īnstruō (“build, construct; arrange”) + -mentum.

suffix

Flight within clouds must be made by reference to your instruments.

flight instrument
flight instrument#English

A tool, implement used for manipulation or measurement.

(aviation, usually in the plural) Ellipsis of flight instrument.


root

en-noun

root (countable and uncountable, plural roots)

→ Irish: rúta

From Middle English rote, root, roote (“the underground part of a plant”), from late Old English rōt, from Old Norse rót (Icelandic rót), from Proto-Germanic *wrōts, from Proto-Indo-European *wréh₂ds (“root”); Doublet of wort, radish, and radix.

the love of money is the root of all evil

(aviation) The section of a wing immediately adjacent to the fuselage.


spot

en-verb

spot (third-person singular simple present spots, present participle spotting, simple past and past participle spotted)

spots (present singular third-person)
spotting (participle present)
spotted (participle past)
spotted (past)

From Middle English spot, spotte, partially from Middle Dutch spotte (“spot, speck”), and partially merging with Middle English splot, from Old English splott (“spot, plot of land”), from Proto-West Germanic *splott, from Proto-Germanic *spluttaz (“segment”), from Proto-Indo-European *splt-no- (“an off-split, segment”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)pel- (“to split”). Cognate with North Frisian spot (“speck, piece of ground”), Low German spot (“speck”), Old Norse spotti (“small piece”). See also splot, splotch.

cog

The aircraft is spotted on the catapult, and the console operator turns the crank to FIRST READY, causing the exhaust valve to close.

1959, Aviation Boatswain's Mate 3 & 2: Navy Training Courses, United States. Bureau of Naval Personnel, page 315:

This spotting order varies from carrier to carrier to suit the flight-deck layout. Certain aircraft must be spotted in a specific location to permit servicing, loading of ammunition, starting, maintenance, and so forth.

(aviation, military, transitive) To position (an aircraft) on the deck of an aircraft carrier ready for launch by catapult.


ditch

en-verb

ditch (third-person singular simple present ditches, present participle ditching, simple past and past participle ditched)

ditches (present singular third-person)
ditching (participle present)
ditched (participle past)
ditched (past)

From Middle English dich, from Old English dīċ (“trench, moat”) from Proto-Germanic *dīkaz (compare Swedish dike, Icelandic díki, West Frisian dyk (“dam”), Dutch dijk (“dam”), German Teich (“pond”)), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeygʷ- (“to stick, set up”) (compare Latin fīgō (“to affix, fasten”), Lithuanian diegti (“to prick; plant”), dýgsti (“to geminate, grow”)). Doublet of dike.

inh

When the second engine failed, the pilot was forced to ditch; their last location was just south of the Azores.

(transitive, intransitive, aviation) To deliberately crash-land an airplane on water.

совершать вынужденную посадку на воду


rigid

From Middle English rigide, from Latin rigidus (“stiff”), from rigeō (“I am stiff”). Compare rigor. Merged with Middle English rigged, rygged, rugged (“upright like a spine, rigid”, literally “ridged”), from ridge + -ed.

The rigid could reach the greatest sizes and speeds of any airship, but was expensive to build and bulky to store. Rigids fell out of favor after the R101 and Hindenburg disasters made the type seem unsafe to the travelling public.

atmospheric pressure
atmospheric pressure

(aviation) An airship whose shape is maintained solely by an internal and/or external rigid structural framework, without using internal gas pressure to stiffen the vehicle (the lifting gas is at atmospheric pressure); typically also equipped with multiple redundant gasbags, unlike other types of airship.


buffet

en-noun

buffet (countable and uncountable, plural buffets)

From Middle English buffet (“buffet”), from Old French buffet, diminutive of buffe, cognate with Italian buffetto. See buffer, buffoon, and compare German puffen (“to jostle, to hustle”).

The aircraft configuration was such that there was little or no warning of the stall onset. The inboard slats were extended, and therefore, the flow separation from the stall would be limited to the outboard segment of the left wing and would not be felt by the left horizontal stabilizer. There would be little or no buffet. The DFDR also indicated that there was some turbulence, which could have masked any aerodynamic buffeting. Since the roll to the left began at V₂ + 6 and since the pilots were aware that V₂ was well above the aircraft's stall speed, they probably did not suspect that the roll to the left indicated a stall. In fact, the roll probably confused them, especially since the stickshaker had not activated.

1979 December 21, National Transportation Safety Board, “Aircraft and Flightcrew Performance”, in Aircraft Accident Report: American Airlines, Inc., DC-10-10, N110AA, Chicago-O'Hare International Airport, Chicago, Illinois, May 25, 1979, archived from the original on 2022-08-17, page 54:

(aviation, uncountable) The vibration of an aircraft when flying in or approaching a stall, caused by separation of airflow from the aircraft's wings.


TCP

(travel, aviation) Initialism of to complete party (followed by total number in group. Code used in OSI to advise an airline that other passengers are travelling with a person but are booked separately)


NTSC

w:National Transportation Safety Committee

(aviation) Synonym of KNKT (“Komite Nasional Keselamatan Transportasi”); Initialism of National Transportation Safety Committee; (Indonesia)


AAC

AAC (countable and uncountable, plural AACs)

aeronautical approach chart
aeronautical approach chart#English

(aviation) Initialism of aeronautical approach chart.

airborne aircraft carrier
airborne aircraft carrier#English

(military, aviation) Abbreviation of airborne aircraft carrier.

aircraft armament change
aircraft armament change#English

(aviation, military) Initialism of aircraft armament change.


RF

Combination of prefix F and prefix modifier R

(US, military, aviation) reconnaissance fighter; an unarmed fighter modified for photo-reconnaissance (prefix)


trap

trap (countable and uncountable, plural traps)

From Middle English trappe, from Old English træppe, treppe (“trap, snare”) (also in betræppan (“to trap”)) from Proto-West Germanic *trappjā (“trap, snare”), from Proto-West Germanic *trappjan (“to step”), from Proto-Germanic *trapjaną (“to tread, stamp”), from Proto-Indo-European *drebʰ- (“to step, trip, trample”).
Cognate with Dutch trap (“trap, snare”), German Low German Trapp (“trap”). Akin also to West Frisian traap (“stepping, treading, stairway”), German Treppe (“step, stair”), Old English træppan (“to step, tread”). Connection to "step" is "that upon which one steps". French trappe and Spanish trampa are ultimately borrowings from Germanic.

vēuháutsīe

a type of trap to catch birds using bait with adjustable loop

After 100 traps, the arresting cables have to be replaced to minimize the danger of a worn or fatigued cable snapping under an aircraft.

(aviation, military, slang) A successful landing on an aircraft carrier using the carrier's arresting gear.


trap

en-verb

trap (third-person singular simple present traps, present participle trapping, simple past and past participle trapped)

traps (present singular third-person)
trapping (participle present)
trapped (participle past)
trapped (past)

After three consecutive bolters, the pilot finally trapped successfully on the Nimitz.

(aviation, military, slang, intransitive) To successfully land an aircraft on an aircraft carrier using the carrier's arresting gear.


ceiling

From Middle English celing (“paneling; (bed) cover or hanging”), from celen (“to cover or panel walls”) (from Old French celer (“to conceal”)) + -ing (gerund-forming suffix). By surface analysis, ceil + -ing.

inh

(aviation) The highest altitude at which an aircraft can safely maintain flight.


ski

→ Japanese: スキー (sukī)

→ Korean: 스키 (seuki)

→ Okinawan: スキー

→ Thai: สกี (sà-gii)

From Norwegian ski, from Old Norse skíð (“stick of wood, snowshoe”), from Proto-Germanic *skīdą (“stick”), from Proto-Indo-European *skey- (“to cut, split”) (see also shed). Cognate with Old English sċīd (“stick of wood”) (Modern English shide), Old High German skit (Modern German Scheit (“log”)).

der

(aviation) One of a pair of long flat runners under some flying machines, used for landing.


walk

en-verb

walk (third-person singular simple present walks, present participle walking, simple past and past participle walked)

walks (present singular third-person)
walking (participle present)
walked (participle past)
walked (past)
walk (infinitive)

Chinese Pidgin English: walkee

From Middle English walken (“to move, walk, roll, turn, revolve, toss”), a conflation of Old English wealcan (“to move round, revolve, roll, turn, toss”) (ġewealcan (“to go, traverse”)) and Old English wealcian (“to curl, roll up”); both from Proto-West Germanic *walkan, from Proto-Germanic *walkaną, *walkōną (“to twist, turn, roll about, full”), from Proto-Indo-European *walg- (“to twist, turn, move”).
Cognate with Scots walk (“to walk”), Saterland Frisian walkje (“to full; drum; flex; mill”), West Frisian swalkje (“to wander, roam”), Dutch walken (“to full, work hair or felt”), Dutch zwalken (“to wander about”), German walken (“to flex, full, mill, drum”), Danish valke (“to waulk, full”), Latin valgus (“bandy-legged, bow-legged”), Sanskrit वल्गति (válgati, “amble, bound, leap, dance”). More at vagrant and whelk. Doublet of waulk.

cog

Still keeping his tail in the air, Red coaxed the “Airknocker” ahead and as we grasped his struts he slowly retarded the throttle. We walked the plane between two tiedown blocks and not until we had tied the struts did Red cut the switch.

1950, Flying Magazine, volume 46, number 3, page 18:

(transitive, aviation) To operate the left and right throttles of (an aircraft) in alternation.


snatch

From Middle English snacchen, snecchen, from Old English *snæċċan, *sneċċan, from Proto-West Germanic *snakkijan, from Proto-Germanic *snakkijaną, *snakkōną (“to nibble, snort, chatter”); see *snūtaz (“snout”).
Cognate with Dutch snakken (“to sob, pant, long for”), Low German snacken (“to chatter”), German schnacken (“to chat”), Norwegian snakke (“to chat”). Related to snack.

If, after the pilot notices the overspeed, he deploys the spoilers, or if aileron "snatch" rolls the airplane to an excessive bank angle, it may become impossible to recover.

1982, National Transportation Safety Board, quoting Federal Aviation Administration, Learjet Special Certification Review interim report, 1981, quoted in Aircraft Accident Report: Sky Train Air, Inc., Gates Learjet 24, N44CJ, Felt, Oklahoma, October 1, 1981, archived from the original 21 February 2021, retrieved 2021-02-20, page 17:

(aviation) Rapid, uncommanded jerking or oscillation of the ailerons of some aircraft at high Mach numbers, resulting from shock wave formation at transonic speeds.


knot

From Middle English knotte, from Old English cnotta, from Proto-West Germanic *knottō, from Proto-Germanic *knuttô, *knudô (“knot”); probably ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gnod- (“to bind”).
See also Old High German knoto (German Knoten, Dutch knot, Low German Knütte; also Old Norse knútr > Danish knude, Swedish knut, Norwegian knute, Faroese knútur, Icelandic hnútur; also Latin nōdus and its Romance descendants. Doublet of knout, node, and nodus.
* (unit of speed): From the practice of counting the number of knots in the log-line (as it is paid out) in a standard time. Traditionally spaced at one every ¹⁄₁₂₀ of a mile.

Cedric claimed his old yacht could make 12 knots.

(aviation, nautical) A unit of speed, equal to one nautical mile per hour.

In the early stages of reentry, due to the extremely-rarefied air at these altitudes, the space shuttle flew at only one to a few knots equivalent airspeed, even when its actual speed was many thousands of knots.

(aviation) A unit of indicated airspeed, calibrated airspeed, or equivalent airspeed, which varies in its relation to the unit of speed so as to compensate for the effects of different ambient atmospheric conditions on aircraft performance.


passive

en-adj

passive (comparative more passive, superlative most passive)

more passive (comparative)
most passive (superlative)

From Middle English passyf, passyve, from Middle French, French passif, from Latin passivus (“serving to express the suffering of an action; in late Latin literally capable of suffering or feeling”), from passus, past participle of pati (“to suffer”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *peh₁- (“to hurt”); compare patient.

der

a passive balloon

a passive aeroplane

passive flight, such as gliding and soaring


George

→ Arabic: جورج (jorj)

→ Cebuano: George

→ Cantonese: 佐治 (zo2 zi6)

→ Chinese: 喬治 /乔治 (Qiáozhì)

→ Hawaiian: Keoki

→ Japanese: ジョージ (Jōji)

→ Korean: 조지 (Joji)

→ Maori: Hōri
→ English: hori

→ Persian: جورج (jorj)

→ Swedish: George

Name of an early saint, from Middle English George, from Latin Geōrgius, from Ancient Greek Γεώργῐος (Geṓrgĭos), from γεωργός (geōrgós, “farmer, earth worker”), from γῆ (gê, “earth”) (combining form γεω- (geō-)) + ἔργον (érgon, “work”) Doublet of Jorge and Geevarghese.
The aircraft autopilot sense is probably from George DeBeeson, who patented an early (1931) autopilot system, and/or a reference to the expression let George do it. The Pullman porter sense derives from George Pullman, who hired Black people to staff his sleeping cars, and the patrons of the service seeing the Black people as servants of George Porter, much like how an enslaved person was named after the enslaver.

"'George rides in the back, aft of the baggage compartment,” said Aviation Sales Manager, John Brophy, with a smile as he climbed out. […] I switched on the autopilot and turned the turn knob to the left to get the turn-bank indicator to show a one-needle turn. Instantly, George rolled the Cessna into a smooth 10° bank to the left.

1956, Flying Magazine, volume 59, number 6, page 33:

I relied on "George" and "Fred"—the autopilot and the flight director—to fly the airplane while I worked my way through […]

(aviation, slang) The autopilot of an aircraft.


sock

en-noun

sock (plural socks or (informal, nonstandard) sox)

socks (plural)
sox (informal nonstandard plural)

desctree

→ French: socquette
→ Portuguese: soquete

Japanese: ソックス (sokkusu) < socks

Swahili: soksi < socks (plural)

From Middle English socke, sokke, sok, from Old English socc (“sock, light shoe, slipper”), a West Germanic borrowing from Latin soccus (“a light shoe or slipper, buskin”), from Ancient Greek σύκχος (súkkhos, “a kind of shoe”), probably from Phrygian or from an Anatolian language. Beekes compares Avestan 𐬵𐬀𐬑𐬀 (haxa, “sole of the foot”). Cognate with Scots sok (“sock, stocking”), West Frisian sok (“sock”), Dutch sok (“sock”), German Socke (“sock”), Danish sok, sokke (“sock”), Swedish sock, socka (“sock”), Icelandic sokkur (“sock”). Doublet of zocco; also related to zoccolo, socle, and zocalo.

der

At 1331:58, UA Flight 757 reported that it was ready for takeoff on runway 35R. However, at 1332:05, 7 seconds later, it reported, "Ah, this is seven fifty seven, our sock sitting in front of us gives us a pretty good tail wind so we're not ready to go yet." The controller asked the flight to advise him when conditions were better.

1985 March 21, National Transportation Safety Board, “1.1 History of the Flight”, in Aircraft Accident Report: United Airlines Flight 663, Boeing 727-222, N7647U, Denver, Colorado, May 31, 1984, page 4:

(aviation, informal) Ellipsis of windsock.


depart

en-verb

depart (third-person singular simple present departs, present participle departing, simple past and past participle departed)

departs (present singular third-person)
departing (participle present)
departed (participle past)
departed (past)
depart (infinitive)

From Old French departir, from Late Latin departiō (“to divide”), from dē- (“away from”) + partiō (“part, divide”).

prefix

The envelope protection system allows the pilot to maneuver at high angles of attack without the risk of departing the airplane

(transitive, intransitive, aviation) To lose control of an aircraft; to "depart" (sense 5) from controlled flight (with the aircraft as the direct object)


bogey

Probably related to or alteration of bogle, akin to or from a variant of Middle English bugge (“frightening specter, scarecrow”) (whence partly bug), of uncertain origin: perhaps from obsolete Welsh bwg (“ghost, hobgoblin”) (compare Welsh bwgwl (“threat”, older “fear”), Irish bagairt (“threat”)), from Proto-Celtic [Term?], or from Proto-Germanic *bugja- (“swollen up, thick”) (compare Norwegian bugge (“big man”), dialectal Low German Bögge and Alemannic German Böögg (“goblin”, “snot”)); see also Proto-Germanic *pūkô (“a goblin, spook”), whence obsolete English puck. Perhaps the Middle English and Welsh words come from a word related to buck and originally referred to a goat-shaped specter. Compare also booger.
The golf sense is from the devil as an imaginary player.

m+

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-bogie.wav

He stood on the sand near the gravel road that passed within two miles of the site of the disintegrated bogey, binoculars hanging on a leather strap from his neck, face streaming with sweat under the brim of his hat... Army and government trucks passed along the road every few minutes, some bearing radiation stickers; many of those outward bound, he knew, carried fragments of the bogey. He was not privy to what they were finding.

1987, Greg Bear, “Lacrimosa Dies Illa!”, in The Forge of God (science fiction), →ISBN, →OCLC, page 83:

United States Department of Defense Air Land Sea Application Center

(military, aviation) An unidentified aircraft, especially as observed as a spot on a radar screen and suspected to be hostile.

God dammit, Mustang! This is Ghost Rider 117. This bogey is all over me. He's got missile lock on me. Do I have permission to fire?

1986, Jim Cash, Jack Epps Jr., Top Gun (motion picture), spoken by Cougar:

(military, aviation, slang) Synonym of bandit: an enemy aircraft.


bogie

A dialectal word from Northern England of unknown origin which is unrelated to bogey (“hostile supernatural creature; terrifying thing, bugbear”).

Although most A320s have two wheels on each of their main gear, a few built for the Indian market have four-wheel bogies, halving the amount of weight on each wheel and allowing the aircraft to use runways that couldn't withstand the ground pressure from a standard A320.

(aviation, by extension) A set of wheels attached to one of an aircraft's landing gear, or the structure connecting the wheels in one such set.


bogie

(aviation, military, slang) An unidentified aircraft, especially as observed as a spot on a radar screen and suspected to be hostile.


cage

en-verb

cage (third-person singular simple present cages, present participle caging, simple past and past participle caged)

cages (present singular third-person)
caging (participle present)
caged (participle past)
caged (past)

From Middle English cage, from Old French cage, from Latin cavea. Doublet of cadge and cavea and related to jail.

To prevent damage to its gimbal mountings during extreme aerobatic maneuvers, the navball should be caged before the start of a display sequence.

(aviation) To immobilize an artificial horizon.