man-of-war

men-of-war (plural)
man of war (alternative)
man-o-war (alternative)
man o' war (alternative)
man-o'-war (alternative)

Samoan Plantation Pidgin: manua

Tok Pisin: manua

→ Dhivehi: މަނަވަރު (manavaru)

→ Swahili: manowari

Chatto & Windus
Isla Contoy
National Maritime Museum

From Late Middle English man of wer, man of werre (“fighting man, soldier”). It has been suggested that sense 2 (“powerful armed naval vessel”) derives from the fact that such vessels were manned by men-of-war (“soldiers”; sense 1).

any of a number of seabirds, especially one which attacks other seabirds for their food

not used in Finnish (no equivalent collective term; see the translation tables below)

The LORDE is the right man of warre, LORDE is his name. The charettes of Pharaor his power, hath he caſt in to the ſee.

1535 October 14 (Gregorian calendar), Myles Coverdale, transl., Biblia: The Byble, […] (Coverdale Bible), [Cologne or Marburg]: [Eucharius Cervicornus and Johannes Soter?], →OCLC, Exodus xv:[3], folio xxx, recto, column 1:

In an hour more, the whole house was awakened by a violent noise of howling, curses, and pots clattering to and fro. […] [T]he landlord was undermost, and the Ensign's arms were working up and down his face and body like the flaps of a paddle-wheel: the man of war had clearly the best of it.

1839 May – 1840 February, Ikey Solomons, Jun. [pseudonym; William Makepeace Thackeray], “Catherine: A Story. Chapter VI. The Adventures of the Ambassador, Mr. Macshane.”, in Catherine: A Story. Little Travels. The Fitz-Boodle Papers. etc. etc. (Works of William Makepeace Thackeray in Twenty-four Volumes; 22), London: Smith, Elder and Co., […], published 1869, →OCLC, page 79:

[T]he distinguished man of war, and worshipful scholar, Master Bloxham, was now promoted to take the tolls, and catch all the rebels around our part.

1869, R[ichard] D[oddridge] Blackmore, chapter XVI, in Lorna Doone: A Romance of Exmoor. […], volume III, London: Sampson Low, Son, & Marston, […], →OCLC, page 241:

(military, archaic except humorous) A man whose occupation is fighting in wars; a soldier, a warrior.

[W]e cannot be ſecure, vvhile ſuch huge Fleets of Men of VVar, both Spaniſh, French, Dutch, and Dunkirkeers, ſome of them laden vvith Ammunition, Men, Arms, and Armies, do daily ſail on our Seas, and confront the Kings Chambers; […]

1633 February 9 (Gregorian calendar), James Howell, “XI. To Sir Arthur Ingram, at York.”, in Epistolæ Ho-Elianæ. Familiar Letters Domestic and Forren. […], 3rd edition, volume I, London: […] Humphrey Mos[e]ley, […], published 1655, →OCLC, section VI, page 233:

In the lobby I spoke with Mr. George Montagu, and advised about a ship to carry my Lord Hinchingbroke and the rest of the young gentlemen to France, and they have resolved of going in a hired vessell from Rye, and not in a man of war.

1661 August 6 (date written; Gregorian calendar), Samuel Pepys, Mynors Bright, transcriber, “July 27th, 1661”, in Henry B[enjamin] Wheatley, editor, The Diary of Samuel Pepys […], volume II, London: George Bell & Sons […]; Cambridge: Deighton Bell & Co., published 1893, →OCLC, page 71:

[W]e ventured up to the mouth of the inner harbour, […] the entrance of the harbour blocked up by ſeveral old galleons and tvvo men of vvar that the enemy had ſunk in the channel.

1748, [Tobias Smollett], chapter XXXIII, in The Adventures of Roderick Random. […], volume I, London: […] [William Strahan] for J[ohn] Osborn […], →OCLC, page 292:

[N]o wonder that, although junior partner, and as modest as he was high-spirited, he trod his counting-house floor with a step vigorous and springy as the young captain of a man-of-war, for he felt that he was an emancipated slave; nay, more, a British merchant.

1838 (date written), L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter XVIII, in Lady Anne Granard; or, Keeping up Appearances. […], volume I, London: Henry Colburn, […], published 1842, →OCLC, page 229:

Well, I've not served the king for seven years for nothing, […] and I hope, sir, not heard the bullets whistling about my head like hail in a hail storm, without knowing how to take care of my ship. I like every thing man-of-war fashion, and then one's always prepared.

1840, [Frederick] Marryat, “More Cry than Wool—Bramble would Dig a Pit for Another and Tumbles in along with Him”, in Poor Jack. […], London: Longman, Orme, Brown, Green, and Longmans, […], →OCLC, page 240:

And there is kind of no ship or boat, built to swim in the sea, […] which does not lie at anchor in the Thames, somewhere between Greenwich Reach and London Bridge. […] [A]lso His Majesty's men-of-war—frigates, sloops-of-war, cutters, fire-ships, and every kind of vessel employed to beat off the enemies of the country, who would prey upon our commerce and destroy our merchantmen.

1887, Walter Besant, “How Jack Came to Deptford”, in The World Went Very Well Then […], volume I, London: Chatto & Windus, […], →OCLC, page 52:

His little man-o'-war top and unmentionables were full of sand but Cissy was a past mistress in the art of smoothing over life's tiny troubles and and^([sic]) very quickly not one speck of sand was to be seen on his smart little suit.

1922 February, James Joyce, “[Episode 13: Nausicaa]”, in Ulysses, Paris: Shakespeare and Company, […], →OCLC, part II [Odyssey], page 332:

(military, nautical, chiefly historical) A powerful armed naval vessel, primarily one armed with cannon and propelled by sails; a warship.

[H]ee is firſt broken to the Sea in the Herring mans Skiffe or Cockboate, vvhere hauing learned to brooke all vvaters, and drinke as he can out of a tarrie Canne, and eate poore Iohn out of ſvvuttie platters vvhen he may get it vvithout butter or muſtard, there is no ho vvith him but once hartned thus, hee vvill needes be a man of vvarre, or a Tobaco taker, and vveare a ſiluer VVhiſtle.

1599, [Thomas] Nashe, Nashes Lenten Stuffe, […], London: […] [Thomas Judson and Valentine Simmes] for N[icholas] L[ing] and C[uthbert] B[urby] […], →OCLC, page 27:

(obsolete, rare) In full man-of-war's-man: a sailor serving on board an armed naval vessel.


liberal

en-adj

liberal (comparative more liberal, superlative most liberal)

more liberal (comparative)
most liberal (superlative)

authoritarian

antonym(s) of “generous, permitting liberty”

conservative

antonym(s) of “widely open to new ideas”

The adjective is from Old French liberal, from Latin līberālis (“befitting a freeman”), from līber (“free”); it is attested since the 14th century. The noun is first attested in the 1800s.

scratch a liberal and you'll find a fascist

Endorsing the liberal anti-interventionist credo that the marketplace should act as the "site of verification," the advocates of white lead opposed government intervention for the sake of open economic competition, which they claimed revealed its true value and thus should be the sole determinant: "When the railways were built, the stage coaches disppeared; they died a timely death. If zinc white is truly superior to white lead, it will kill us in the marketplace, but the government should not intervene." These were the words of Expert-Bezançon, in his February 1903 deposition to the parliamentary committee examining the bill for banning lead-based pigments in paint.

2021, Judith Rainhorn, The Colour of Controversy..., p. 10

(politics) Open to political or social changes and reforms associated with either classical or modern liberalism.


liberal

vasemmistolainen

someone left-wing — see also progressive, left-winger

And I love Puerto Ricans and Negros
As long as they don't move next door.
So love me, love me, love me, I'm a liberal.

1966, Phil Ochs, “Love Me, I'm a Liberal”:

(US politics) Someone with progressive or left-wing views; one with a left-wing ideology.

(politics) A supporter of any of several liberal parties.

liberal

supporter of a liberal party — see also progressive

(UK politics) One who favors individual voting rights, human and civil rights, and laissez-faire markets (also called "classical liberal"; compare libertarian).

liberaali

Britain: one who favors individual voting rights, human and civil rights and laissez-faire markets

liberal conservative
liberal conservative

(Australian politics) A conservative, especially a liberal conservative.


activate

en-verb

activate (third-person singular simple present activates, present participle activating, simple past and past participle activated)

activates (present singular third-person)
activating (participle present)
activated (participle past)
activated (past)

A new squadron was activated.

(transitive, military) To organize or create a military unit or station.


train

→ Irish: traein

→ Maltese: trejn

→ Scottish Gaelic: trèan

→ Welsh: trên

[t̠ɹ̠̊˔e̞ɪ̯n]

From Middle English trayne (“train”), from Old French train (“a delay, a drawing out”), from traïner (“to pull out, to draw”), from Vulgar Latin *traginō, from *tragō, from Latin trahō (“to pull, to draw”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *tregʰ- (“to pull, draw, drag”). The verb was derived from the noun in Middle English.
For the meaning to teach compare typologically Russian ната́скивать (natáskivatʹ) (akin to тащи́ть (taščítʹ)).

m+

ната́скивать

it ain't the whistle that pulls the train

it is not the whistle that pulls the train

it isn't the whistle that pulls the train

it's not the whistle that pulls the train

(military) The men and vehicles following an army, which carry artillery and other equipment for battle or siege.


down

en-adj

down (comparative more down, superlative most down)

tlb

(chiefly predicative, but see usage notes)

more down (comparative)
most down (superlative)

From Middle English doun, doune, from Old English dūne (“down”), aphetic form of adūne (“down, downward”), from earlier ofdūne (“down”, literally “off the hill”), from of (“of, off of”) + dūn (“hill, mount, dune, down”). More at Etymology 2 below. For the development from directional phrases to prepositions, compare Middle Low German dāle (“down, downwards”, literally “(in/to the) dale/valley”), whence German Low German dal (“down”). Compare also Saterland Frisian deel (“down”, literally “to/into the dale”).

ncog

We have an officer down outside the suspect's house.

There are three soldiers down and one walking wounded.

(not comparable, military, law enforcement, slang, of a person) Wounded and unable to move normally, or killed.

We have a chopper down near the river.

(not comparable, military, aviation, slang, of an aircraft) Mechanically failed, collided, shot down, or otherwise suddenly unable to fly.


pin

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: pins

→ Polish: pin

→ Spanish: pin

→ Swahili: pini

→ Swedish: pin, pins

From Middle English pinne, from Old English pinn (“pin, peg, bolt”), from Proto-Germanic *pinnaz, *pinnō, *pint- (“protruding point, peak, peg, pin, nail”), from Proto-Indo-European *bend- (“protruding object, pointed peg, nail, edge”). Related to pen (“enclosure”).
Cognate with Dutch pin (“peg, pin”), Low German pin, pinne (“pin, point, nail, peg”), German Pinn, Pinne (“pin, tack, peg”), Bavarian Pfonzer, Pfunzer (“sharpened point”), Danish pind (“pin, pointed stick”), Norwegian pinn (“stick”), Swedish pinne (“peg, rod, stick”), Icelandic pinni (“pin”). More at pintle.
No relation to classical Latin pinna (“fin, flipper, wing-like appendage, wing, feather”), which was extended to mean "ridge, peak, point" (compare pinnacle), and often confused with Latin penna (“wing, feather”). More at feather and pen (Etymology 3).

cog

professional wrestling
professional wrestling

(wrestling, professional wrestling) The victory condition of holding the opponent's shoulders on the wrestling mat for a prescribed period of time.

For kings are clouts that euery man ſhoots at,
Our Crowne the pin that thouſands ſeeke to cleaue.

c. 1587–1588, [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], 2nd edition, part 1, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire, London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act II, scene iv:

the very pin of his heart cleft

c. 1591–1595 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Romeo and Ivliet”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene iv]:

(archery) The spot at the exact centre of the target, originally a literal pin that fastened the target in place.


pin

en-verb

pin (third-person singular simple present pins, present participle pinning, simple past and past participle pinned)

pins (present singular third-person)
pinning (participle present)
pinned (participle past)
pinned (past)

He pinned his opponent on the mat.


ribbon

en-noun

ribbon (countable and uncountable, plural ribbons)

ribbons (plural)
ribband (alternative)
reebon (alternative obsolete)

→ Japanese: リボン (ribon)

→ Korean: 리본 (ribon)

From Middle English riban, ryban, ryband, from Old French riban, ruban ( > modern French ruban), of uncertain origin. Likely from a Germanic compound whose second element is cognate with English band. Compare Middle Dutch ringhband (“necklace”, literally “ring-band”).

cog

(heraldry) A bearing similar to the bend, but only one eighth as wide.


nurse

nurses (plural)
norice (alternative obsolete)
nourice (alternative obsolete)
nourse (alternative obsolete)

→ Bengali: নার্স (narśo)

→ Cebuano: nars

→ Danish: nurse

→ Hausa: nâs

→ Hindi: नर्स (nars)

→ Indonesian: ners

→ Kalenjin: nas

→ Kamba: nasi

→ Limburgish: nurs

→ Luo: nas

→ Maltese: ners

→ Nepali: नर्स (narsa)

→ Romanian: nursă

→ Tagalog: nars

→ Urdu: نرس (nars)

→ Welsh: nyrs

From Middle English norice, from Old French norrice, from Late Latin nūtrīcia, noun based on Latin nūtrīcius (“that which nourishes”), from nūtrīx (“wet nurse”), from nūtriō (“to suckle”).

verpleegkundige

person trained to provide care for the sick

A person involved in providing direct care for the sick:

(healthcare) A medical worker, such as a registered nurse, having training, credentials, and rank above a nurse assistant.


bear

en-verb

bear (third-person singular simple present bears, present participle bearing, simple past bore or (archaic) bare, past participle borne or bore or (see usage notes) born)

bears (present singular third-person)
bearing (participle present)
bore (past)
bare (archaic past)
borne (participle past)
bore (participle past)
born (participle past)
bear (infinitive)
bear (first-person present singular)
bore (first-person past singular)
bare (archaic first-person past singular)
bear (present second-person singular)
bearest (archaic present second-person singular)
bore (past second-person singular)
bare (archaic past second-person singular)
borest (archaic past second-person singular)
barest (archaic past second-person singular)
bears (present singular third-person)
beareth (archaic present singular third-person)
bore (past singular third-person)
bare (archaic past singular third-person)
bear (plural present)
bore (past plural)
bare (archaic past plural)
bear (present subjunctive)
bore (past subjunctive)
bare (archaic past subjunctive)
bear (imperative present)
bearing (participle present)
borne (participle past)
bore (participle past)
born (participle past)

From Middle English beren (“carry, bring forth”), from Old English beran (“to carry, bear, bring”), from Proto-West Germanic *beran, from Proto-Germanic *beraną, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰéreti, from *bʰer- (“to bear, carry”).
Akin to Old High German beran (“carry”), Dutch baren, Norwegian Bokmål bære, Norwegian Nynorsk bera, German gebären, Gothic 𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌽 (bairan), Sanskrit भरति (bharati), Latin ferō, and Ancient Greek φέρω (phérō), Albanian bie (“to bring, to bear”), Russian брать (bratʹ, “to take”), Persian بردن (bordan, “to take, to carry”).

cog

hoz (with the objects gyümölcs and termés)

The cannons were wheeled around to bear upon the advancing troops.

2012, Ronald D. Utt, Ships of Oak, Guns of Iron
Constitution's gun crews crossed the deck to the already loaded larboard guns as Bainbridge wore the ship around on a larboard tack and recrossed his path in a rare double raking action to bring her guns to bear again on Java's damaged stern.

(intransitive, military, usually with on or upon) Of a weapon, to be aimed at an enemy or other target.


bend

From Middle English benden, from Old English bendan (“to bind or bend (a bow), fetter, restrain”), from Proto-West Germanic *bandijan, from Proto-Germanic *bandijaną (“to bend”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰendʰ- (“to bind, tie”). Cognate with Middle High German benden (“to fetter”), Danish bænde (“to bend”), Norwegian bende (“to bend”), Faroese benda (“to bend, inflect”), Icelandic benda (“to bend”). Related to bind, band, bond.

der

Perhaps the most celebrated coat of arms is that of Scrope, which is Azure a bend Or. This is the coat over which, from 1385 to 1390, Sir Robert le Grosvenor and Sir Richard le Scrope invoked the High Court of Chivalry to decide which of them had the right to bear these arms. Chaucer gave evidence before the court. In the end the arms were awarded to Scrope, and Grosvenor was ordered to difference with a bordure Argent. This he disdained to do, and being highly dissatisfied with the verdict he appealed to Richard II who altered the decision of the court by refusing to allow the bend to Grosvenor at all! Grosvenor then adopted a garb, or sheaf of corn.

1968, Charles MacKinnon of Dunakin, The Observer's Book of Heraldry, pages 63–64:

(heraldry) One of the honourable ordinaries formed by two diagonal lines drawn from the dexter chief to the sinister base; it generally occupies a fifth part of the shield if uncharged, but if charged one third.


blow

en-verb

blow (third-person singular simple present blows, present participle blowing, simple past blew, past participle blown)

blows (present singular third-person)
blowing (participle present)
blew (past)
blown (participle past)

From Middle English blowen, from Old English blāwan (“to blow, breathe, inflate, sound”), from Proto-West Germanic *blāan, from Proto-Germanic *blēaną (“to blow”) (compare German blähen), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰleh₁- (“to swell, blow up”) (compare Latin flō (“to blow”) and Old Armenian բեղուն (bełun, “fertile”)).

der

(transitive, historical, military) To blow from a gun (method of executing a person).


break

en-verb

break (third-person singular simple present breaks, present participle breaking, simple past broke or (archaic) brake, past participle broken or (nonstandard) broke)

breaks (present singular third-person)
breaking (participle present)
broke (past)
brake (archaic past)
broken (participle past)
broke (nonstandard participle past)
break (infinitive)
break (first-person present singular)
broke (first-person past singular)
break (present second-person singular)
breakest (archaic present second-person singular)
broke (past second-person singular)
brokest (archaic past second-person singular)
breaks (present singular third-person)
breaketh (archaic present singular third-person)
broke (past singular third-person)
break (plural present)
broke (past plural)
break (present subjunctive)
broke (past subjunctive)
break (imperative present)
breaking (participle present)
broken (participle past)

From Middle English breken, from Old English brecan (“to break”), from Proto-West Germanic *brekan, from Proto-Germanic *brekaną (“to break”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰreg- (“to break”). Doublet of bray.
Cognates
Cognates of Germanic origin include Scots brek (“to break”), West Frisian brekke (“to break”), Dutch breken (“to break”), Low German breken (“to break”), German brechen (“to break”), French broyer (“to crush, grind”), Gothic 𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌽 (brikan, “to break, destroy”), Norwegian brek (“desire, yearning”).
Also cognate with Albanian brishtë (“fragile”), Latin frangō (“break, break up, shatter”, verb), whence English fracture and other terms – fragile, frail, fraction, and fragment.

breek

intransitive: to separate into (to end up in) two or more pieces

thyen

transitive: to separate into (to cause to end up in) two or more pieces

sındırmaq

to cause a person to lose spirit or will

խախտել

transitive: to do that which is forbidden by (something)

փչանալ

intransitive: to stop functioning properly or altogether

ջարդել

transitive: to cause to stop functioning

burst

ergative: separate into two or more pieces

contravene

transitive: do that which is forbidden by

break one's arm patting oneself on the back

you can't make an omelette without breaking eggs

Sir Reginald Wingate, High Commissioner in Egypt, was happy for the success of the work he had advocated for years. I grudged him this happiness; for McMahon, who took the actual risk of starting it, had been broken just before prosperity began.

1926, T.E. Lawrence, Seven Pillars of Wisdom, New York: Anchor, published 1991, page 167:

And he played no favorites: when his son-in-law sacked a city he had been told to spare, Genghis broke him to private.

1953 February 9, “Books: First Rulers of Asia”, in Time:

One morning after the budget had failed to balance Finanzminister von Scholz picked up Der Reichsanzeiger and found he had been broken to sergeant.

1968, William Manchester, The Arms of Krupp, Back Bay, published 2003, →ISBN, page 215:

Not long after this event, Clausen became involved in another disciplinary situation and was broken to private—the only one to win the Medal of Honor in Vietnam.

2006, Peter Collier, Medal of Honor: Portraits of Valor Beyond the Call of Duty, Second Edition, Artisan Books, →ISBN, page 42:

(transitive, military, most often in the passive tense) To demote; to reduce the military rank of.


burn

en-verb

burn (third-person singular simple present burns, present participle burning, simple past and past participle burned or (mostly Commonwealth) burnt or (obsolete) brent)

burns (present singular third-person)
burning (participle present)
burned (participle past)
burned (past)
burnt (Commonwealth participle past)
burnt (Commonwealth past)
brent (obsolete participle past)
brent (obsolete past)
burn (infinitive)
burn (first-person present singular)
burned (first-person past singular)
burnt (first-person past singular)
burn (present second-person singular)
burnest (archaic present second-person singular)
burned (past second-person singular)
burnt (past second-person singular)
burnedst (archaic past second-person singular)
burntest (archaic past second-person singular)
burns (present singular third-person)
burneth (archaic present singular third-person)
burned (past singular third-person)
burnt (past singular third-person)
burn (plural present)
burned (past plural)
burnt (past plural)
burn (present subjunctive)
burned (past subjunctive)
burnt (past subjunctive)
burn (imperative present)
burning (participle present)
burned (participle past)
burnt (participle past)

Sranan Tongo: bron

Aukan: boon

From Middle English bernen (collateral form of brennen), from Old English birnan (“to burn”), metathesis from Proto-West Germanic *brinnan, from Proto-Germanic *brinnaną (“to burn”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrenw-, present stem from *bʰrewh₁-. Doublet of brew.
See also Middle Irish brennim (“drink up”), bruinnim (“bubble up”); also Middle Irish bréo (“flame”), Albanian burth (“Cyclamen hederifolium, mouth burning”), Sanskrit भुरति (bhurati, “moves quickly, twitches, fidgets”). More at brew.

polttaa

to consume, injure, or change the condition of, as if by action of fire or heat

He had already burned his cover with Mrs. Phillips, and it was not a mistake he intended to make again.

Eventually they'd report back to Ryker, and he still didn't know if Ryker had personally burned his cover and sent assassins after him, or if the SSU had a mole. Until he knew for certain, he had to play this safe.

2013, Vanessa Kier, Vengeance: The SSU Book 1:

(transitive, espionage) To compromise (an agent's cover story).

"How does Leipzig burn him precisely?" Enderby insisted. "What's the pressure? Dirty pix—well, okay. Karla's a puritan, so's Kirov. But I mean, Christ, this isn't the fifties, is it? […]


burst

From Middle English bresten, bersten, from Old English berstan, from Proto-West Germanic *brestan, from Proto-Germanic *brestaną, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰres- (“to burst, break, crack, split, separate”), enlargement of *bʰreHi- (“to snip, split”).
See also West Frisian boarste, Dutch barsten, Swedish brista; also Irish bris (“to break”)). More at brine. Also cognate to debris.

der

a ground burst; a surface burst

(military) The explosion of a bomb or missile.


bought

Any senators who vote for this bill must be bought.

Don't bother filing a complaint, the regulators are bought.

If union leadership is bought, why should we even pay dues?

(informal, politics) Compromised by money from special interests; corrupt.


cost

From Middle English coste, from Old French coste, from Latin costa. Doublet of coast and cuesta.


cut

en-noun

cut (countable and uncountable, plural cuts)

From Middle English cutten, kitten, kytten, ketten (“to cut”) (compare Scots kut, kit (“to cut”)), of North Germanic origin, from Old Norse *kytja, *kutta, from Proto-Germanic *kutjaną, *kuttaną (“to cut”), of uncertain origin, perhaps related to Proto-Germanic *kwetwą (“meat, flesh”) (compare Old Norse kvett (“meat”)). Akin to Middle Swedish kotta (“to cut or carve with a knife”) (compare dialectal Swedish kåta, kuta (“to cut or chip with a knife”), Swedish kuta, kytti (“a knife”)), Norwegian Bokmål kutte (“to cut”), Norwegian Nynorsk kutte (“to cut”), Icelandic kuta (“to cut with a knife”), Old Norse kuti (“small knife”), Norwegian kyttel, kytel, kjutul (“pointed slip of wood used to strip bark”). Displaced native Middle English snithen (from Old English snīþan; compare German schneiden), which still survives in some dialects as snithe or snead. See snide. Adjective sense of "drunk" (now rare and now usually used in the originally jocular derivative form of half-cut) dates from the 17th century, from cut in the leg, to have cut your leg, euphemism for being very drunk.

leikkaus

notch, passage, or channel made by cutting or digging

en:any act of cutting, literally or figuratively

en:type of attack in fencing; instance thereof

(literal, figurative) The act of cutting.

(fencing) An attack made with a chopping motion of the blade, landing with its edge or point.

coupé

fencing: attack made with a chopping motion of the blade


dove

en-noun

dove (countable and uncountable, plural doves)

→ Norwegian Bokmål: due (semantic loan)

From Middle English dove, douve, duve, from Old English *dūfe (“dove, pigeon”), from Proto-West Germanic *dūbā, from Proto-Germanic *dūbǭ (“dove, pigeon”).
Cognate with Scots doo, dow, Saterland Frisian Duuwe, West Frisian do, Dutch duif, Afrikaans duif, Sranan Tongo doifi, German Taube, German Low German Duuv, Dutch Low Saxon duve, doeve, Danish due, Faroese dúgva, Icelandic dúfa, Norwegian Bokmål due, Norwegian Nynorsk due, Swedish duva, Yiddish טויב (toyb), Gothic *𐌳𐌿𐌱𐍉 (*dubō).

(countable, politics) A person favouring conciliation and negotiation rather than conflict.


drive

drive (countable and uncountable, plural drives)

[d̠ɹ̠ ̝ʷaɪv]

From Middle English driven, from Old English drīfan (“to drive, force, move”), from Proto-West Germanic *drīban, from Proto-Germanic *drībaną (“to drive”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰreybʰ- (“to drive, push”).
Cognates
Cognate with Scots drive (“to drive”), North Frisian driwe (“to drive”), Saterland Frisian drieuwe (“to drive”), West Frisian driuwe (“to chase, drive, impel”), Dutch drijven (“to drive”), Low German drieven (“to drive, drift, push”), German treiben (“to drive, push, propel”), Norwegian Bokmål drive, Danish drive (“to drive, run, force”), Norwegian Nynorsk driva, Swedish driva (“to drive, power, drift, push, force”), Icelandic drífa (“to drive, hurry, rush”).

cog

Napoleon's drive on Moscow was as determined as it was disastrous.

On the other hand, in Eritrea (once our Forces had recaptured Kassala on January 19) the drive was generally eastward towards the capital, Asmara, and the Red Sea port of Massaua.

1941 August, Charles E. Lee, “Railways of Italian East Africa—I”, in Railway Magazine, page 340:

(military) A sustained advance in the face of the enemy to take an objective.


dart

From Middle English dart, from Old French dart, dard (“dart”), from Medieval Latin dardus, from Frankish *darōþu (“dart, spear”), from Proto-Germanic *darōþuz (“dart, spear”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰerh₃- (“to leap, spring”).
Compare Old High German tart (“javelin, dart”), Old English daroþ, dearod (“javelin, spear, dart”), Swedish dart (“dart, dagger”), Icelandic darraður, darr, dör (“dart, spear”).

der

Fighter aircraft also use restricted areas for target shooting at darts towed 1500 feet behind another aircraft.

1988, Michigan Aviation, volumes 21-25, page 62:

(military) A dart-shaped target towed behind an aircraft to train shooters.


sandbox

sandboxes (plural)
sand box (alternative)
sand-box (alternative)

→ Chinese: 沙盒 (shāhé) (calque)

(US, military, slang, usually "The Sandbox") The Middle East.


hit

en-verb

hit (third-person singular simple present hits, present participle hitting, simple past hit or (dialectal, obsolete) hat or (rare, dialectal) het, past participle hit or (archaic, rare, dialectal) hitten)

hits (present singular third-person)
hitting (participle present)
hit (past)
hat (dialectal obsolete past)
het (dialectal past rare)
hit (participle past)
hitten (archaic dialectal participle past rare)

miss

antonym(s) of “manage to touch in the right place”

From Middle English hitten (“to hit, strike, make contact with”), from Old English hittan (“to meet with, come upon, fall in with”), from Old Norse hitta (“to strike, meet”), from Proto-Germanic *hittijaną (“to come upon, find”), from Proto-Indo-European *kh₂eyd- (“to fall; fall upon; hit; cut; hew”).
Cognate with Icelandic hitta (“to meet”), Danish hitte (“to find”), Latin caedō (“to kill”), Albanian qit (“to hit, throw, pull out, release”).

cog

don't let the door hit you on the way out

let the door hit you where the good Lord split you

not be able to hit the broad side of a barn

If intelligence had been what it should have been, I don't think we'd ever have hit that island.

(transitive, military) To attack, especially amphibiously.

To strike.
To attack, especially amphibiously.


hold

Derived from Middle English holden, derived from Old English healdan, derived from Proto-West Germanic *haldan, derived from Proto-Germanic *haldaną (“to tend, herd”), maybe derived from Proto-Indo-European *kel- (“to drive”).
Cognates
*West Frisian hâlde
*Low German holden, holen
*Dutch houden
*German halten
*Danish
*Norwegian Bokmål holde
*Norwegian Nynorsk halda.
Compare Latin celer (“quick”), Tocharian B käl- (“to goad, drive”), Ancient Greek κέλλω (kéllō, “to drive”), Sanskrit कलयति (kalayati, “to impel”).

der+

He got him in a tight hold and pinned him to the mat.

en:position or grip to control an opponent

(wrestling, self-defense) A position or grip used to control the opponent.


hurt

Unclear. Suggestions include: from its resemblance to a blue hurtleberry, or from French heurt (a blow, leaving a blue bruise), the latter of which would make it a doublet of hurt Etymology 1; compare the theories about golpe (“purple roundel”)).

(heraldry) A roundel azure (blue circular spot).


pigeon

en-noun

pigeon (countable and uncountable, plural pigeons)

pigeons (plural)
pidgeon (alternative archaic)

Etymology tree
Latin pīpiō
Proto-Indo-European *-h₃onh₂-der.
Latin -ō
Latin pipio
Old French pyjonbor.
Middle English pygeoun
English pigeon
Inherited from Middle English pygeoun, borrowed from Old French pyjon, inherited from Late Latin pīpiōnem (“chirping bird”), derived from Latin pīpiāre (“to chirp”), of imitative origin. Partly displaced native English dove.

etymon

domestic pigeon (Columba livia domestica or

Comoros green pigeon

Treron comorensis or Treron australis griveaudi

Madeiran wood pigeon †Columba palumbus maderensis

wood pigeon

Columba palumbus or Hemiphaga novaeseelandiae

(countable, politics) A pacifist, appeaser, an isolationist, a dove.

(Australia, military slang) A weak or useless person.


lay

en-verb

lay (third-person singular simple present lays, present participle laying, simple past laid, past participle laid or (colloquial) lain)

lays (present singular third-person)
laying (participle present)
laid (past)
laid (participle past)
lain (colloquial participle past)
lay (infinitive)
lay (first-person present singular)
laid (first-person past singular)
lay (present second-person singular)
layest (archaic present second-person singular)
laid (past second-person singular)
laidst (archaic past second-person singular)
laidest (archaic past second-person singular)
lays (present singular third-person)
layeth (archaic present singular third-person)
laid (past singular third-person)
lay (plural present)
laid (past plural)
lay (present subjunctive)
laid (past subjunctive)
lay (imperative present)
laying (participle present)
laid (participle past)

Inherited from Middle English leyen, leggen, from Old English leċġan (“to lay”), from Proto-West Germanic *laggjan, from Proto-Germanic *lagjaną (“to lay”), causative form of Proto-Germanic *ligjaną (“to lie, recline”), from Proto-Indo-European *legʰ- (“to lie, recline”).
Cognate with West Frisian lizze (“to lay, to lie”), Dutch leggen (“to lay”), German legen (“to lay”), Norwegian Bokmål legge (“to lay”), Norwegian Nynorsk leggja (“to lay”), Swedish lägga (“to lay”), Icelandic leggja (“to lay”), Albanian lag (“troop, band, war encampment”).

cog

the best laid plans of mice and men go oft astray

the best laid plans of mice and men often go awry

to lay a gun

(transitive)
(military) To point; to aim.


light

en-adj

light (comparative lighter, superlative lightest)

lighter (comparative)
lightest (superlative)
lite (alternative archaic informal)
lighte (alternative obsolete)
lyght (alternative obsolete)
lyghte (alternative obsolete)
licht (alternative Scotland)

forceful

antonym(s) of “having little force or momentum”

calorific

antonym(s) of “low in fat, calories, etc”

crucial

antonym(s) of “having little value or significance”

From Old English lēoht, līht, from Proto-West Germanic *lį̄ht, from Proto-Germanic *linhtaz or *līhtaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁lengʷʰ- (“light”).
Cognate with Dutch licht, German leicht, Swedish lätt, Norwegian lett, Albanian lehtë, Latin levis, Russian лёгкий (ljóxkij), Lithuanian lengvas, Sanskrit लघु (laghu), Persian لاغر (lāghar).

light infantry; a troop of light horse

Lacking that which burdens or makes heavy.

(military) Not heavily armed; armed with light weapons.


light

lights (plural)
lite (alternative archaic informal)
lighte (alternative obsolete)
lyght (alternative obsolete)
lyghte (alternative obsolete)
licht (alternative Scotland)

(military, historical) A member of the light cavalry.


reading

en-noun

reading (countable and uncountable, plural readings)

From Middle English reding, redynge, redunge, from Old English rǣding (“reading”), equivalent to read + -ing.

(politics, law) One of several stages a bill passes through before becoming law.

четене

one of several stages a bill passes through


make

en-verb

make (third-person singular simple present makes, present participle making, simple past and past participle made or (dialectal or obsolete) maked)

makes (present singular third-person)
making (participle present)
made (participle past)
made (past)
maked (dialectal obsolete participle past)
maked (dialectal obsolete past)
make (infinitive)
make (first-person present singular)
made (first-person past singular)
maked (dialectal first-person past singular)
make (present second-person singular)
makest (archaic present second-person singular)
made (past second-person singular)
maked (dialectal past second-person singular)
madest (archaic past second-person singular)
makes (present singular third-person)
maketh (archaic present singular third-person)
made (past singular third-person)
maked (dialectal past singular third-person)
make (plural present)
made (past plural)
maked (dialectal past plural)
make (present subjunctive)
made (past subjunctive)
maked (dialectal past subjunctive)
make (imperative present)
making (participle present)
makeing (archaic participle present)
made (participle past)
maked (dialectal participle past)
mak (alternative Durham Wearside dialectal)
makee (alternative pronunciation-spelling)
myek (alternative Geordie dialectal)

From Middle English maken, from Old English macian (“to make, build, work”), from Proto-West Germanic *makōn (“to make, build, work”), from Proto-Indo-European *meh₂ǵ- (“to knead, mix, make”).
Related to match.
Cognates
* Scots mak (“to make”)
* Saterland Frisian moakje (“to make”)
* West Frisian meitsje (“to make”)
* Dutch maken (“to make”)
* Dutch Low Saxon maken (“to make”)
* German Low German maken (“to make”)
* German machen (“to make, do”)
* Danish mage (“to make, arrange (in a certain way)”)
* Latin mācerō, macer
* Ancient Greek μάσσω (mássō)

elér

with definite conjugation and a subordinate clause

don't get your honey where you make your money

it takes a heap of living to make a house a home

it takes a heap o' livin' to make a house a home

it takes a lot of living to make a house a home

mackerel sky and mare's-tails make lofty ships carry low sails

mackerel sky and mare's-tails make tall ships carry low sails

you can't make a silk purse of a sow's ear

you've got to crack a few eggs to make an omelette

I caught sight of him two or three times and then made him turning north into Laurel Canyon Drive.

1939, Raymond Chandler, The Big Sleep, Penguin, published 2011, page 33:

Linus Caldwell: Well, she just made Danny and Yen, which means in the next 48 hours the three o' your pictures are gonna be in every police station in Europe.

2004, George Nolfi et al., Ocean's Twelve, Warner Bros. Pictures, 0:50:30

David Sinclair: (walking) Almost at Seventh; I should have a visual any second now. (rounds a corner, almost collides into Kaleed Asan) Damn, that was close.
Don Eppes: David, he make you?
David Sinclair: No, I don't think so.

2007 May 4, Andrew Dettmann et al., "Under Pressure", episode 3-22 of Numb3rs, 00:01:16

(transitive, US slang, crime, law enforcement) To recognise, identify, spot.


make

makes (plural)
mak (alternative Durham Wearside dialectal)
makee (alternative pronunciation-spelling)
myek (alternative Geordie dialectal)

Sent back the list of makes with only Post and Hamilton on it. (Buckner had recommended 10 staff officers and 1 combat soldier!)

2004, Joseph Stilwell, Seven Stars: The Okinawa Battle Diaries of Simon Bolivar Buckner, Jr. and Joseph Stilwell, →ISBN, page 94:


bull

en-noun

bull (countable and uncountable, plural bulls)

bear

investor who sells in anticipation of a fall in prices

From Middle English bole, bul, bule, from a conflation of Old English bula (“bull, steer”) and Old Norse boli, both from Proto-Germanic *bulô (“bull”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰl̥no-, from *bʰel- (“to blow, swell up”). Cognate with West Frisian bolle, Dutch bul, German Low German Bull, German Bulle, Swedish bulla; also Old Irish ball (“limb”), Latin follis (“bellows, leather bag”), Thracian βόλινθος (“wild bull”), Macedonian вол (vol, "ox"), Slovene vol ("ox"), Albanian buall (“buffalo”) or related bolle (“testicles”), Ancient Greek φαλλός (phallós, “penis”).

rozzer. See also Thesaurus:police officer

(military, firearms) The central portion of a target, inside the inner and magpie.


bull

en-verb

bull (third-person singular simple present bulls, present participle bulling, simple past and past participle bulled)

bulls (present singular third-person)
bulling (participle present)
bulled (participle past)
bulled (past)

From Middle English bull, bul, boule (“falsehood, deceit”), probably from Old French boul, boule, bole (“fraud, deceit, cunning”), from Old French bouler, boler (“to deceive, delude, lure, take in”), from Middle Low German bôlen (“to woo, court”), related to German buhlen (“to woo”), English bully. Often reanalyzed by surface analysis to be an expurgated clipping of bullshit.

der

We were to repeat our normal practise of me bulling his boots and him ironing my kit.

2014, Sean Connolly, British Army on the Rampage (B.A.O.R.) (page 118)

(UK, military, transitive) To polish (boots) to a high shine.


paint

en-verb

paint (third-person singular simple present paints, present participle painting, simple past and past participle painted)

paints (present singular third-person)
painting (participle present)
painted (participle past)
painted (past)

→ Kashubian: peintowac (United States)

From Middle English peynten, from Old French peintier, paincter, itself from paint, the past participle of paindre, from Latin pingō (“to paint”) (perfect passive participle pictus). Displaced native Old English tēafor (“paint”) and *tīefran (“to paint”).

"We'll paint the target for the flyboys," the JTAC said.

The Albuquerque radar “painted” just one object whenever the light was on, none when it was off.

2023, J. Allen Hynek, The UFO Experience: Evidence Behind Close Encounters, Project Blue Book, and the Search for Answers, Red Wheel/Weiser, →ISBN, page 73:

(transitive, military or aviation, slang) To detect (something) with radar.


machine

→ Ainu: マシン

→ Bengali: মেশিন (meśin)

→ Cowlitz: məšín

→ Irish: meaisín

→ Japanese: マシン (mashin)

→ Korean: 머신 (meosin)

→ Maori: mīhini

→ Punjabi

Gurmukhi script: ਮਸ਼ੀਨ (maśīn)

Shahmukhi script: مشین (maśīn)

→ Swahili: mashine

→ Tok Pisin: masin

Borrowed from Middle French machine, from Latin māchina (“a machine, engine, contrivance, device, stratagem, trick”), from Doric Greek μᾱχᾰνᾱ́ (mākhănā́), cognate with Attic Greek μηχᾰνή (mēkhănḗ, “a machine, engine, contrivance, device”), from which comes mechanical. Displaced native Old English searu.

cog

perpetual motion machine of the first kind

perpetual motion machine of the second kind

Outline of machines on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

A machine politician cannot see why the straight ticket (as he and his clique of party bosses prepare it) should not be voted by every citizen belonging to that party.

In essence, therefore, the right-fork strategy of the Democrats meant an alliance of the South with the political machines built on the non-Protestant immigrants in key Northeastern states.

2006, Jerry F. Hough, Changing Party Coalitions: The Mystery of the Red State-blue State Alignment, Algora Publishing, →ISBN, page 37:

He was thrust into a political maelstrom for which he was ill-prepared, and yet he was, most notably, the Chicago machine's political savior.

2013, Paul M. Green, Melvin G. Holli, The Mayors: The Chicago Political Tradition, fourth edition, SIU Press, →ISBN, page 126:

special interest group
special interest group

(politics, chiefly US) The system of special interest groups that supports a political party, especially in urban areas.


rake

en-verb

rake (third-person singular simple present rakes, present participle raking, simple past and past participle raked)

rakes (present singular third-person)
raking (participle present)
raked (participle past)
raked (past)
rake (infinitive)
rake (first-person present singular)
raked (first-person past singular)
rake (present second-person singular)
rakest (archaic present second-person singular)
raked (past second-person singular)
rakedst (archaic past second-person singular)
rakes (present singular third-person)
raketh (archaic present singular third-person)
raked (past singular third-person)
rake (plural present)
raked (past plural)
rake (present subjunctive)
raked (past subjunctive)
rake (imperative present)
raking (participle present)
raked (participle past)

The verb is partly derived from rake (“tool with a row of pointed teeth”) (see etymology 1) and from Middle English raken (“to rake; to gather by raking; to rake away (debris); to cover with something; (figurative) to conceal, hide; to destroy”) [and other forms], from Old Norse raka (“to scrape”), from Proto-Germanic *raką, probably ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₃reǵ- (“to straighten, right oneself”).
Cognates
The English word is cognate with Middle Dutch rāken (modern Dutch raken (“to rake”) (regional)), Middle Low German rāken, Old Danish raghæ, rakæ (modern Danish rage (“to shave”)), Old Swedish raka (modern Swedish raka (“to rake; to shave”)).
The noun is derived from the verb.

يجمع الحشائش

to act upon with a rake, or as if with a rake

kulkea edestakaisin

to move across (something) with a long side-to-side motion

tulittaa edestakaisin

To act upon with a rake, or as if with a rake.

(ambitransitive, also figurative) To move (a beam of light, a glance with the eyes, etc.) across (something) with a long side-to-side motion; specifically (often military) to use a weapon to fire at (something) with a side-to-side motion; to spray with gunfire.

(military, nautical) To fire upon an enemy vessel from a position in line with its bow or stern, causing one's fire to travel through the length of the enemy vessel for maximum damage.


straight

en-adj

straight (comparative straighter, superlative straightest)

straighter (comparative)
straightest (superlative)
streight (alternative obsolete)

→ Japanese: ストレート

From Middle English streight, streght, streiȝt, the past participle of strecchen (“to stretch”), from Old English streċċan (past participle ġestreaht, ġestreht), from Proto-West Germanic *strakkjan (“to stretch”). Doublet of straught. Equivalent to stretch + -ed.

der

a straight Republican

a straight Democrat

(US, politics) Making no exceptions or deviations in one's support of the organization and candidates of a political party.

a straight ballot

(US, politics) Containing the names of all the regularly nominated candidates of a single party and no others.


addition

en-noun

addition (countable and uncountable, plural additions)

Sense of “what is added” dates from 14th century, from Middle English addicioun, addition, from Old French adition, from Latin additiōnem, accusative singular of additiō, from addō (“add, put”).

(heraldry) Something added to a coat of arms, as a mark of honour.


apparatus

apparatus (plural apparatuses or apparatusses or apparatus or (both rare) apparatûs or apparatūs or (hypercorrect) apparati)

apparatuses (plural)
apparatusses (plural)
apparatus (plural)
apparatûs (plural rare)
apparatūs (plural rare)
apparati (hypercorrect plural rare)

/æp.əˈɹɑː.təs/

Borrowed from Latin apparātus. Doublet of apparat.

(firefighting) A vehicle used for emergency response.


boot

Solombala English: бучь (bučʹ)

→ Maltese: buz

→ Russian: бутса (butsa)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бу́це

Latin script: búce

→ Swahili: buti

From Middle English boote, bote (“shoe”), from Old French bote (“a high, thick shoe”). Of obscure origin, but probably related to Old French bot (“club-foot”), bot (“fat, short, blunt”), from Old Frankish *butt, from Proto-Germanic *buttaz, *butaz (“cut off, short, numb, blunt”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰewt-, *bʰewd- (“to strike, push, shock”); if so, a doublet of butt. Compare Old Norse butt (“stump”), Low German butt (“blunt, plump”), Old English bytt (“small piece of land”), buttuc (“end”). More at buttock and debut.

cog

a lie can run around the world before the truth can get its boots on

couldn't pour water out of a boot with the instructions on the heel

Did you even go to OCS, you complete and utter boot!?

2020 November 2, JoshScorcher, “Top Ten Hated Characters We're Supposed to Like”, in YouTube:

(US, military, law enforcement, slang) A recently arrived recruit; a rookie.

They drew in their horses and dismounted. The others riding ahead were already out of sight in the darkness. Beyond them shone the lights of Bou Saada. Tarzan removed his rifle from its boot and loosened his revolver in its holster.

1913, Edgar Rice Burroughs, The Return of Tarzan, New York: Ballantyne Books, published 1963, page 69:

(firearms) A hard or rigid case for a long firearm, typically moulded to the shape of the gun.


scissors

en-noun

scissors pl (plural only, attributive scissor)

scissor (attributive)
cizars (alternative obsolete)
cizers (alternative obsolete)
scissars (alternative archaic)
sissors (alternative obsolete)

From Middle English sisours (attested since 1350–1400), from Old French cisoirs, from Late Latin cīsōria, plural of cīsōrium (“cutting tool”); from Latin word root -cīsus (compare excise) or caesus, past participle of caedō (“to cut”). Partially displaced native Old English sċēara (“scissors, shears”), whence shears. Doublet of chisel.
The current spelling, from the 16th century, is due to association with Medieval Latin scissor (“tailor”), from Latin carrying the meaning “carver, cutter”, from scindō (“to split”).

(uncountable, aviation, military, with the) A type of defensive maneuver in dogfighting, involving repeatedly turning one's aircraft towards that of the attacker in order to force them to overshoot.

(countable, aviation, military) An instance of the above dogfighting maneuver.


business

business (countable and uncountable, plural businesses)

businesses (plural)
biz (alternative clipping)
bisoness (alternative obsolete)
businesse (alternative obsolete)
busynesse (alternative obsolete)
bizness (alternative African-American-Vernacular-English pronunciation-spelling)
bidness (alternative African-American-Vernacular-English Southern pronunciation-spelling)

Tok Pisin: bisnis

→ Albanian: biznes

→ Belarusian: бі́знэс (bíznes)

→ Bulgarian: би́знес (bíznes)

→ Czech: business, byznys

→ Dutch: business

→ Indonesian: bisnis, bisnes

→ Faroese: besnissaður

→ Finnish: bisnes, business

→ French: business

→ Haitian Creole: biznis

→ Italian: business

→ Japanese: ビジネス (bijinesu)

→ Jersey Dutch: bääznäs

→ Marshallese: peejnej

→ Moroccan Arabic: بزناس (biznās)

desc

→ Newar: बनय्ज्या (banêjyā), बनेज्या (banejyā)

→ Pennsylvania German: Bisniss

→ Polish: biznes

→ Romanian: bișniță

desctree

→ Russian: би́знес (bíznes), би́знесъ (bíznɛs) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
→ Armenian: բիզնես (biznes)
→ Yakut: биисинэс (biisines)

→ Slovak: biznis

→ Spanish: bisnes, bisne

→ Tatar: business

→ Ukrainian: бі́знес (bíznes)

→ Welsh: busnes

From Middle English busines, busynes, businesse, bisynes, from Old English bisiġnes (“business, busyness”), equivalent to busy + -ness. Doublet of busyness.

business

action carried out with a prop or piece of clothing

business in the front, party in the back

If that concludes the announcements, we'll move on to new business.

(uncountable, parliamentary procedure) Matters that come before a body for deliberation or action.

asiat

matters that come before a body for deliberation or action


attention

en-noun

attention (countable and uncountable, plural attentions)

From Middle English attencioun, borrowed from Latin attentio, attentionis, from attendere, past participle attentus (“to attend, give heed to”); see attend.

attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

The company will now come to attention.

(uncountable, military) A state of alertness in the standing position.

внима́ние

(in the phrase "vigyázzban áll") vigyázz


attention

(military) Used as a command to bring soldiers to the attention position.


crime

en-verb

crime (third-person singular simple present crimes, present participle criming, simple past and past participle crimed)

crimes (present singular third-person)
criming (participle present)
crimed (participle past)
crimed (past)

From Middle English cryme, crime, from Old French crime, crimne, from Latin crīmen. Displaced native Old English firen.

Nevertheless, in the course of a few days he is again intoxicated, creates disturbance in his quarters, is confined by his sergeant, crimed, and brought before the commanding officer […]

1846, John Mercier McMullen, Camp and Barrack-room, Or, The British Army as it is, page 298:

(UK, military, transitive) To subject to disciplinary punishment.


chin

From Middle English chyn, from Old English ċinn (“chin”), from Proto-West Germanic *kinnu, from Proto-Germanic *kinnuz (“chin”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵénus (“chin, jaw”).
Compare West Frisian/Dutch kin, Low German/German Kinn, Danish kind, Icelandic kinn, Welsh gen, Latin gena, Tocharian A śanweṃ, Ancient Greek γένυς (génus, “jaw”), Armenian ծնոտ (cnot), Persian چانه (čâne), Sanskrit हनु (hánu). Doublet of gena.

inh

(boxing, uncountable) The ability to withstand being punched in the chin without being knocked out.


boat

Belizean Creole: boat

→ Esperanto: boato

→ Dhivehi: ބޯޓު (bōṭu)

→ Fijian: boto

→ Hijazi Arabic: بوت (bōt)

→ Japanese: ボート (bōto)

→ Malay: bot

→ Pitcairn-Norfolk: boet (Norfuk)

→ Sinhalese: බෝට්ටුව (bōṭṭuwa)

→ Swahili: boti

→ Scots: boat, bote (compare native bait, bate)

→ Tahitian: poti

Tok Pisin: bot

From Middle English bot, boot, boet, boyt (“boat”), from Old English bāt (“boat”), from Proto-West Germanic *bait, from Proto-Germanic *baitaz, *baitą (“boat, small ship”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeyd- (“to break, split”). Cognate with Old Norse beit (“boat”), Middle Dutch beitel (“little boat”).
Old Norse bátr (whence Icelandic bátur, Norwegian båt, Danish båd), Dutch boot, German Boot, Occitan batèl and French bateau are all ultimately borrowings from the Old English word.

der

(Australian politics, informal) The refugee boats arriving in Australian waters, and by extension, refugees generally.


button

→ German: Button

→ Hindi: बटन (baṭan)

→ Gujarati: બટન (baṭan)

→ Korean: 버튼 (beoteun)

→ Maori: pātene

→ Marathi: बटण (baṭaṇ)

→ Urdu: بَٹَن (baṭan)

From Middle English boton, botoun, from Old French boton (Modern French bouton), from Old French bouter, boter (“to push; thrust”), ultimately from a Germanic language. Doublet of Biden and beat. More at butt.

(fencing) The soft circular tip at the end of a foil.


chalk

en-noun

chalk (countable and uncountable, plural chalks)

chalks (plural)
chaulk (alternative dated)

→ Japanese: チャコ (chako), チョーク (chōku)

→ Nepali: चक (cak)

→ Swahili: chaki

→ Swazi: íshóki

→ Thai: ชอล์ก (chɔ́k)

→ Tsonga: choko

→ Tulu: ಚಾಕ್ (cākŭ)

→ Yoruba: ṣọ́ọ̀kì

From Middle English chalk, chalke, from Old English ċealc, from Proto-West Germanic *kalk, borrowed from Latin calx (“limestone”), again borrowed from Ancient Greek χάλιξ (khálix, “pebble”). Doublet of calx and cauk.

(US, military, countable) A platoon-sized group of airborne soldiers.


basket

basket (countable and uncountable, plural baskets)

→ Cornish: basket

→ Irish: bascaed

→ Welsh: basged

From Middle English basket, from Anglo-Norman baschet, basket, bascat, of obscure origin.
One theory is that it derives from Late Latin bascauda (“kettle, table-vessel”), from Proto-Brythonic (in Breton baskodenn), from Proto-Celtic *baskis (“bundle, load”), from purported Proto-Indo-European *bʰask- (“bundle”), but this is now widely viewed as a substrate word for phonetic reasons. Related to Latin fascis (“bundle, package, load”) (whence English fasces), Albanian bokshe (“bundle”), Breton bac'h (“bundle, load”), Ancient Greek φάκελος (phákelos) and βάσκιοι (báskioi) (“bundle (of sticks)”); see also faggot (“(originally) bundle of sticks”).

unk

obscure

buslo

a large, deep basket used especially in marketing

pangnan

a small basket used by fishermen or to hold flowers or fruit

Don't smoosh the basket.

(military, aircraft) A drogue (or para-drogue) in the probe-and-drogue refueling method


bridge

bridges (plural)
bridg (alternative obsolete)
brigge (alternative)

From Middle English brigge, from Old English brycġ (“bridge”), from Proto-Germanic *brugjō, *brugjǭ (“bridge”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerw-, *bʰrēw- (“wooden flooring, decking, bridge”).
Cognate with Scots brig, brigg, breeg (“bridge”), Saterland Frisian Brääch (“bridge”), West Frisian brêge (“bridge”), Dutch brug (“bridge”), German Brücke (“bridge”), Danish brygge (“wharf”), Icelandic brygga (“pier”), Gaulish briua (“bridge”).
The verb is from Middle English briggen, from Old English brycġian (“to bridge, make a causeway, pave”), derived from the noun. Cognate with Dutch bruggen (“to bridge”), Middle Low German bruggen (“to bridge”), Old High German bruccōn (“to bridge”) (whence Modern German brücken).
The musical connection sense is a semantic loan from German Steg, from Old High German steg.

ацҳа

construction or natural feature that spans a divide

if someone told you to jump off a bridge, would you do it

(wrestling) A defensive position in which the wrestler is supported by his feet and head, belly-up, in order to prevent touch-down of the shoulders and eventually to dislodge an opponent who has established a position on top.

(diplomacy) A statement, such as an offer, that signals a possibility of accord.


bridge

en-verb

bridge (third-person singular simple present bridges, present participle bridging, simple past and past participle bridged)

bridges (present singular third-person)
bridging (participle present)
bridged (participle past)
bridged (past)
bridg (alternative obsolete)
brigge (alternative)

(wrestling) To go to the bridge position.


curtain

Inherited from Middle English curtine, from Old French cortine, from Late Latin cōrtīna (“curtain”), a calque from Ancient Greek.

Captain Rense, beleagring the Citie of Errona for us, […] caused a forcible mine to be wrought under a great curtine of the walles […].

(fortifications) The flat area of wall which connects two bastions or towers; the main area of a fortified wall.

tiāroa

in a fortification the main area of a fortified wall.


brick

en-noun

brick (countable and uncountable, plural bricks)

⇒ Welsh: brics

From Late Middle English brik, bryke, bricke, from Middle Low German and Middle Dutch bricke ("cracked or broken brick; tile-stone"; modern Dutch brik), ultimately related to Proto-West Germanic *brekan (“to break”), whence also Old French briche and French brique (“brick”). Compare also German Low German Brickje (“small board, tray”). Related to break.

gloss

"cracked or broken brick; tile-stone"; modern Dutch <i class="Latn mention" lang="nl">brik</i>

cog

I was on deck watching the firing, and looking at the direction in which our guns were pointing, it was obvious that it was not going to be Centurion who was going to receive our bricks.

2019, Daniel Knowles, HMS Hood: Pride of the Royal Navy:

(firearms) A carton of 500 rimfire cartridges, which forms the approximate size and shape of a brick.


overdraw

en-verb

overdraw (third-person singular simple present overdraws, present participle overdrawing, simple past overdrew, past participle overdrawn)

overdraws (present singular third-person)
overdrawing (participle present)
overdrew (past)
overdrawn (participle past)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-overdraw.wav

(archery) To use a device for shooting arrows shorter than the draw of the bow.


tendency

From Medieval Latin tendentia, from tendō.

Mao launched the struggle against the vulgar materialist tendency within the party as early as 1937.

1974, James Boggs, Grace Lee Boggs, Revolution and Evolution, NYU Press, →ISBN, page 134:

In stark contrast to the Europeanist tendency within the party and the Suez Group, this group had a short history.

1997, S. Onslow, Backbench Debate within the Conservative Party and its Influence on British Foreign Policy, 1948-57, Springer, →ISBN, page 234:

It reinforced the position of the conformist tendency within the party, since the majority of the candidates were old politicians, many of them members of Papandreou's centre-left CU faction back in the mid-1960s.

2013, Richard Gillespie, Lourdes Lopez Nieto, Michael Waller, Factional Politics and Democratization, Routledge, →ISBN, page 83:

(politics) An organised unit or faction within a larger political organisation.


report

report (third-person singular simple present reports, present participle reporting, simple past and past participle reported)

reports (present singular third-person)
reporting (participle present)
reported (participle past)
reported (past)
report (infinitive)
report (first-person present singular)
reported (first-person past singular)
report (present second-person singular)
reportest (archaic present second-person singular)
reported (past second-person singular)
reportedst (archaic past second-person singular)
reports (present singular third-person)
reporteth (archaic present singular third-person)
reported (past singular third-person)
report (plural present)
reported (past plural)
report (present subjunctive)
reported (past subjunctive)
report (imperative present)
reporting (participle present)
reported (participle past)

⇒ Cantonese: port (pot¹)

non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger

From Middle English reporten, from Anglo-Norman reporter, Middle French reporter, and their source, Latin reportāre (“to carry back, return, remit, refer”), from re- + portāre.

der

The committee reported the bill with amendments, or reported a new bill, or reported the results of an inquiry.

(politics, dated) To return or present as the result of an examination or consideration of any matter officially referred.


report

desc

→ Japanese: レポート (repōto), リポート (ripōto)

While their masters, the mates, seemed afraid of the sound of the hinges of their own jaws, the harpooneers chewed their food with such a relish that there was a report to it.

1851 November 14, Herman Melville, “The Cabin Table”, in Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers; London: Richard Bentley, →OCLC, page 166:

[…] a pistol-shot, flash and report, came from the hedge-side.

1881–1882, Robert Louis Stevenson, Treasure Island, London; Paris: Cassell & Company, published 14 November 1883, →OCLC:

He knelt upon one knee, cocked the weapon, placed the muzzle against the man's forehead, and turning away his eyes pulled the trigger. There was no report. He had used his last cartridge for the horse.

1889, The Coup de Grâce, Ambrose Bierce:

(firearms) The sharp, loud sound from a gun or explosion.

výbuch

ballistics: the sharp, loud sound from a gun or explosion


capitalism

en-noun

capitalism (countable and uncountable, plural capitalisms)

/ˈkæpɪ̈tl̩ˌɪzm̩/

Borrowed from French capitalisme (“the condition of one who is rich”); equivalent to capital + -ism. Derived from Proto-Indo-European *káput (“head”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kap-. First used in English by novelist William Thackeray in The Newcomes [1854-1855].

bor

The peasantry have long since disappeared, the independent shopkeeper is being destroyed, the small business-man is diminishing in numbers. But at the same time modern industry is so complicated that it cannot get along without great numbers of managers, salesmen, engineers, chemists and technicians of all kinds, drawing fairly large salaries. And these in turn call into being a professional class of doctors, lawyers, teachers, artists, etc., etc. The tendency of advanced capitalism has therefore been to enlarge the middle class and not to wipe it out as it once seemed likely to do.

1941, George Orwell, The Lion and the Unicorn, Pt. I:

After the economic paralysis during the early years of the People's Republic, and after the chaos of the Cultural Revolution, the fresh though sometimes harsh wind of capitalism is blowing across this city's 2,388 square miles (6,185 square kilometers) with a socialist face. The motto of the Chinese national government "Become wealthy together!" has created a hectic atmosphere in Shanghai.

1999, “Shanghai”, in The Book of the World, 2nd United States edition (Atlas), Macmillan, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 411, column 1:

(politics) A socio-economic system based on private ownership of resources or capital.

(politics, economic liberalism) A socio-economic system based on private property rights, including the private ownership of resources or capital, with economic decisions made largely through the operation of a market unregulated by the state.

भांडवलशाही

bhāṇḍvalśāhī

(economics, economic liberalism) An economic system based on the abstraction of resources into the form of privately owned capital, with economic decisions made largely through the operation of a market unregulated by the state.

kapitalisme

socio-economic system based on the abstraction of resources

भांडवलशाही

bhāṇḍvalśāhī


democracy

en-noun

democracy (countable and uncountable, plural democracies)

→ Amharic: ዴሞክራሲ (demokrasi)

→ Burmese: ဒီမိုကရေစီ (dimuika.reci)

desc

→ Chinese: 得莫克拉西 (démòkèlāxī), 德謨克拉西 /德谟克拉西 (démókèlāxī)

→ Malay: demokrasi

ဒံၣ်မိၣ်ခြ့ၣ်စံၣ်

→ S'gaw Karen: ဒံၣ်မိၣ်ခြ့ၣ်စံၣ် (deè moh̀ khraỳ seè)

→ Swahili: demokrasia

ꤘꤟꤤ꤬ꤗꤥ꤬ꤊꤚꤢꤩ꤬ꤎꤤ꤬

→ Western Kayah: ꤘꤟꤤ꤬ꤗꤥ꤬ꤊꤚꤢꤩ꤬ꤎꤤ꤬ (dì̤mòkrèsì)

From Middle French democratie (French démocratie), from Medieval Latin dēmocratia, from Ancient Greek δημοκρᾰτῐ́ᾱ (dēmokrătĭ́ā).
By surface analysis, demo- (“people”) + -cracy (“rule”).

surf

Of course, the Russians think it is something else because they say the Russians have a democracy and it is plain that their government is not what the Americans regard as a democracy.

1947 March 16, Edwin L. James, “General Marshall Raises the Ideological Issue”, in The New York Times:

In 1900 not a single country had what we would today consider a democracy: a government created by elections in which every adult citizen could vote.

2003, Fareed Zakaria, The Future of Freedom: Illiberal Democracy at Home and Abroad, W. W. Norton & Company, page 13:

(countable, government) A government under the direct or representative rule of the people of its jurisdiction.


rerun

(politics) A political candidate who holds the same political agenda or doctrine as a past or incumbent holder of a given political office.


ring

→ French: ring
→ Romanian: ring

→ Hungarian: ring

→ Italian: ring

→ Japanese: リング

→ Polish: ring

→ Serbo-Croatian: ring

→ Spanish: ring

→ Turkish: ring

From Middle English ryng, from Old English hring (“ring, circle”), from Proto-West Germanic *hring, from Proto-Germanic *hringaz (“ring”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)krengʰ-, extended nasalized form of *(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”). Doublet of rank and rink, as well as indirectly range.
Cognates
* West Frisian ring
* Low German Ring
* Dutch ring
* German Ring
* Swedish ring
* Finnish rengas
More distantly cognate with Proto-Slavic *krǫgъ (whence Bulgarian кръг (krǎg), Polish krąg, Russian круг (krug)).

(firearms) Either of the pair of clamps used to hold a telescopic sight to a rifle.


sell

en-verb

sell (third-person singular simple present sells, present participle selling, simple past and past participle sold)

sells (present singular third-person)
selling (participle present)
sold (participle past)
sold (past)

desc

Chinese Pidgin English: sellum, 些林 (Chinese spelling)

Sranan Tongo: seri

From Middle English sellen, from Old English sellan (“give; give up for money”), from Proto-West Germanic *salljan, from Proto-Germanic *saljaną, from Proto-Indo-European *selh₁-. Compare Danish sælge, Swedish sälja, Icelandic selja.

inh

buy when it snows(,/ and) sell when it goes

don't sell the skin till you have caught the bear

sell one's birthright for a mess of pottage

(transitive, professional wrestling, slang) To pretend that an opponent's blows or maneuvers are causing legitimate injury; to act.


bourgeois

en-noun

bourgeois (usually uncountable, plural bourgeois)

bourgeois (plural)
burgeois (alternative)

Borrowed from French bourgeois (“a class of citizens who were wealthier members of the Third Estate”), from Old French burgeis (“town dweller”), from Frankish *burg, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *burgz (“stronghold; city”) (whence borough). Doublet of burgess; compare also burgish.

der

(politics, collectively, usually in the plural) The middle class.


filibuster

→ Chinese: 費力把事拖 /费力把事拖 (fèilìbǎshìtuō)

→ Dutch: filibuster

→ Indonesian: filibuster

Borrowed from Spanish filibustero (“pirate”), from French flibustier, ultimately from Dutch vrijbuiter (“freebooter”), from vrij (“free”) + buit (“booty”) + -er (“agent”). The alteration in the first syllable in French is due to the word's being somewhat conflated with vlieboot (“light, flat-bottomed cargo vessel with two or three masts”) when it was borrowed into French or another language from Dutch. The word is cognate and analogous to English freebooter.

Claude Rains
James Stewart
Mr. Smith Goes to Washington
United States Senate

No longer do filibustering Senators take the floor and speak until they are physically unable to filibuster any longer. Now, a filibuster typically begins when a Senator or group of Senators signals their intent to filibuster – which can be done by a private conversation with the majority leader or by quietly placing a bill or nomination on hold. Given the modern Senate's scarce floor time, this threat is usually enough to table the disputed issue until the dissenting Senators cave or until there are definitely enough votes to invoke cloture.

2010 April 22, Mimi Murray Digby Marziani, Diana Lee, “Statement for the Record, Brennan Center for Justice, New York, NY”, in Examining the Filibuster: Hearings before the Committee on Rules and Administration, United States Senate, One Hundred Eleventh Congress, Second Session, April 22, 2010, May 19, 2010, June 23, 2010, July 28, 2010, and September 22 and 29, 2010 (S. Hrg. 111-706), Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, →ISBN, page 112:

Then, last month, before the survey was finished and for reasons still unclear, the Democrats abruptly tried to attach a repeal of the law to the defence appropriations bill, a stratagem the Republicans defeated in a filibuster.

2010 October 14, “An own goal on gay rights”, in The Economist, archived from the original on 2016-04-23:

By this theory, the Democratic Party is kept out of power by a white Republican minority that thwarts the popular will through voter suppression, gerrymandering, judicial legislating, the filibuster, the composition of the Senate, and the Electoral College.

2024 December 2, George Packer, “The End of Democratic Delusions”, in The Atlantic, →ISSN:

(US politics) A tactic (such as giving long, often irrelevant speeches) employed to delay the proceedings of, or the making of a decision by, a legislative body, particularly the United States Senate.

filibusterisme

long speech given in order to delay proceedings or the making of a decision

(US politics) A member of a legislative body causing such an obstruction.

filibuster

member of a legislative body causing such obstruction

obstruáló (optionally with a noun like ember/személy/képviselő etc.)


shoot

en-verb

shoot (third-person singular simple present shoots, present participle shooting, simple past shot, past participle shot or (rare) shotten)

shoots (present singular third-person)
shooting (participle present)
shot (past)
shot (participle past)
shotten (participle past rare)
shoot (infinitive)
shoot (first-person present singular)
shot (first-person past singular)
shooted (archaic first-person past singular)
shoot (present second-person singular)
shootest (archaic present second-person singular)
shot (past second-person singular)
shooted (archaic past second-person singular)
shootedst (archaic past second-person singular)
shoots (present singular third-person)
shooteth (archaic present singular third-person)
shot (past singular third-person)
shooted (archaic past singular third-person)
shoot (plural present)
shot (past plural)
shooted (archaic past plural)
shoot (present subjunctive)
shot (past subjunctive)
shooted (archaic past subjunctive)
shoot (imperative present)
shooting (participle present)
shot (participle past)
shooted (archaic participle past)
shotten (archaic participle past)

→ Catalan: xut

→ Greek: σουτ (sout)

→ Hijazi Arabic: شوت (šūt)

→ North Levantine Arabic: شوت (šūt)

→ Persian: شوت (šut)

desc

→ Portuguese: chuto, chute (Brazil), chutar

→ Romanian: șut

→ Vietnamese: sút

From Middle English shoten, from Old English scēotan, from Proto-West Germanic *skeutan, from Proto-Germanic *skeutaną, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kéwd-e-ti, from *(s)kewd- (“to shoot, throw”).
Cognates
Cognate with West Frisian sjitte, Low German scheten, Dutch schieten, German schießen, Danish skyde, Norwegian Bokmål skyte, Norwegian Nynorsk skyta, Swedish skjuta; and also, through Indo-European, with Russian кида́ть (kidátʹ), Albanian hedh (“to throw, toss”), Persian چست (čost, “quick, active”), Lithuanian skudrùs.

(+ partitive object when injuring or genitive object when killing) ampua

when the looting starts, the shooting starts

(sports) To act or achieve.
(wrestling) To lunge.

(professional wrestling) To deviate from kayfabe, either intentionally or accidentally; to actually connect with unchoreographed fighting blows and maneuvers, or speak one's mind (instead of an agreed script).


shoot

Catalan: xut

Portuguese: chuto

(professional wrestling, slang) An event that is unscripted or legitimate.


shot

en-noun

shot (countable and uncountable, plural shots)

→ Dutch: shot

→ French: shot

→ Macedonian: шот (šot)

→ Malay: syot

→ Polish: shot

→ Portuguese: shot

→ Russian: шот (šot)

→ Spanish: shot

→ Swedish: shot

→ Ukrainian: шот (šot)

From Old English sceot, from Proto-Germanic *skutą; compare the doublet scot.

you miss 100% of the shots you don't take

The shot for this ship's deck guns, in that day, consisted only of solid iron balls such as ten-pounders.

Accurſt be he that firſt inuented war,
They knew not, ah, they knew not ſimple men,
How thoſe were hit by pelting Cannon ſhot,
Stand ſtaggering like a quiuering Aſpen leafe,
Fearing the force of Boreas boiſtrous blaſts.

c. 1587–1588, [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], 2nd edition, part 1, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire, London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act II, scene iv:

(uncountable, military, historical) Metal or stone balls (or similar), not necessarily small, used as ammunition.


show

show (countable and uncountable, plural shows)

shows (plural)
shew (alternative archaic)
shewe (alternative obsolete)
showe (alternative obsolete)

→ Catalan: xou

→ Danish: show

→ Dutch: show

→ Finnish: show

→ French: show

→ German: Show

→ Hindi: शो (śo)

→ Hungarian: show

→ Japanese: ショー (shō)

→ Korean: 쇼 (syo)

→ Norwegian Bokmål: show

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: show

→ Portuguese: show

→ Russian: шоу (šou)

→ Spanish: show

→ Swedish: show

→ Turkish: şov

→ Urdu: شو (śo)

From Middle English schewe, from the verb (schewen).

A subaltern, wearing a glengarry, came out of a house, playing with the nose of a shell. He walked a little way with me.
“Going into the show?”

1918, Denis Garstin, The Shilling Soldiers, London: Hodder and Stoughton, page 116:

(military, slang) A battle; local conflict.


shut

From Middle English shutten, shetten, from Old English scyttan (“to cause rapid movement, shoot a bolt, shut, bolt”), from Proto-Germanic *skutjaną, *skuttijaną (“to bar, bolt”), from Proto-Germanic *skuttą, *skuttjō (“bar, bolt, shed”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewd- (“to drive, fall upon, rush”).
Cognate with Dutch schutten (“to shut in, lock up”), Low German schütten (“to shut, lock in”), German schützen (“to shut out, dam, protect, guard”).


sit

en-verb

sit (third-person singular simple present sits, present participle sitting, simple past sat or (dated, poetic) sate, past participle sat or (archaic, dialectal) sitten)

sits (present singular third-person)
sitting (participle present)
sat (past)
sate (dated past poetic)
sat (participle past)
sitten (archaic dialectal participle past)
sit (infinitive)
sit (first-person present singular)
sat (first-person past singular)
sate (dated first-person past poetic singular)
sit (present second-person singular)
sat (past second-person singular)
sate (dated past poetic second-person singular)
sattest (past second-person singular)
sits (present singular third-person)
sat (past singular third-person)
sate (dated past poetic singular third-person)
sit (plural present)
sat (past plural)
sate (dated past plural poetic)
sit (present subjunctive)
sat (past subjunctive)
sate (dated past poetic subjunctive)
sit (imperative present)
sitting (participle present)
sat (participle past)
sitten (archaic dialectal participle past)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *sed-
Proto-Indo-European *-yeti
Proto-Indo-European *sédyeti
Proto-Germanic *sitjaną
Proto-West Germanic *sittjan
Old English sittan
Middle English sitten
English sit
From Middle English sitten, from Old English sittan, from Proto-West Germanic *sittjan, from Proto-Germanic *sitjaną, from Proto-Indo-European *sed- (“sit”).
Cognates
Cognate with West Frisian sitte, Low German sitten, Dutch zitten, German sitzen, Swedish sitta, Norwegian Bokmål sitte, Norwegian Nynorsk sitja; and with Irish suigh, Latin sedeo, Russian сиде́ть (sidétʹ).

etymon

do not sit in Rome and strive with the Pope

where you stand depends on where you sit

I currently sit on a standards committee.

(government) To be a member of a deliberative body.

In what city is the circuit court sitting for this session?

(law, government) Of a legislative or, especially, a judicial body such as a court, to be in session.


sling

→ Spanish: eslinga

From Middle English slynge (noun), slyngen (verb), probably from Old Norse slyngja, slyngva (“to hurl”), from Proto-Germanic *slingwaną (“to worm, twist”) or compare Old English slingan (“to wind, twist”), from the same source.
Compare German schlingen (“to swing, wind, twist”), Danish and Norwegian slynge), from Proto-Indo-European *slenk- (“to turn, twist”) (compare Welsh llyngyr (“worms, maggots”), Lithuanian sliñkti (“to crawl like a snake”), Latvian slìkt (“to sink”)).

cog

The Sling is also a weapon of great antiquity, formerly in high estimation among the ancients.

1786, Francis Grose, A Treatise on Ancient Armour and Weapons, page 43:

(weaponry) An instrument for throwing stones or other missiles, consisting of a short strap with two strings fastened to its ends, or with a string fastened to one end and a light stick to the other.

hobe

instrument for throwing — see also slingshot


spin

en-verb

spin (third-person singular simple present spins, present participle spinning, simple past spun or (uncommon) span or (nonstandard) spinned, past participle spun or (nonstandard) spinned)

spins (present singular third-person)
spinning (participle present)
spun (past)
span (past uncommon)
spinned (nonstandard past)
spun (participle past)
spinned (nonstandard participle past)

From Middle English spinnen, from Old English spinnan, from Proto-Germanic *spinnaną, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)penh₁-. Compare Low German spinnen, Dutch spinnen, German spinnen, Danish spinde, Swedish spinna.

But then again, unless someone struck lucky in those first few hours, there weren't even enough detectives to spin a drum [house].

(UK, law enforcement, slang, transitive) To search rapidly.


split

split (third-person singular simple present splits, present participle splitting, simple past and past participle split)

splits (present singular third-person)
splitting (participle present)
split (participle past)
split (past)

Attested since about 1567, from Middle Dutch splitten (“to split”) and/or Middle Low German splitten (“to split”), both ultimately from Proto-West Germanic *splittjan, an intensive form of Proto-West Germanic *splītan (“to split”), from Proto-Germanic *splītaną (whence Danish splitte, Low German splieten, German spleißen), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)pley- (“to split, splice”).
Compare Middle English ysplett (“split”, past participle of splatten (“to split”)), Old English speld (“splinter”), Old High German spaltan (“to split”), Old Irish sliss (“splinter”), Lithuanian spaliai (“flax sheaves”), Czech půl (“half”), Old Church Slavonic рас-плитати (ras-plitati, “to cleave, split”).

cog

past participle of <i class="Latn mention" lang="enm">splatten</i> (“to split”)

plah

divide along a more or less straight line

(intransitive, politics) To vote for candidates of opposite parties.


spread

en-noun

spread (countable and uncountable, plural spreads)

From Middle English spreden, from Old English sprǣdan (“to spread, expand”), from Proto-Germanic *spraidijaną (“to spread”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)per- (“to strew, sow, sprinkle”).
Cognate with Saterland Frisian spreede (“to spread”), West Frisian spriede (“to spread”), North Frisian spriedjen (“to spread”), Dutch spreiden (“to spread”), Low German spreden (“to spread”), German spreiten (“to spread, spread out”), Norwegian spre, spreie (“to spread, disseminate”), Swedish sprida (“to spread”), Latin spernō, spargō, Ancient Greek σπείρω (speírō), Persian سپردن (sepordan, “to deposit”), English spurn.

cog

Johnston, meanwhile, has managed to get within five miles of its target, and fires a full spread of ten torpedoes. Minutes later, at least two, possibly three, tear the bow off the hapless cruiser Kumano. First blood, unbelievably, therefore, goes to the Americans.

2019 February 27, Drachinifel, 18:01 from the start, in The Battle of Samar - Odds? What are those?, archived from the original on 2022-11-03:

(military) A set of multiple torpedoes launched on side-by-side, slowly-diverging paths toward one or more enemy ships.


stick

en-noun

stick (countable and uncountable, plural sticks)

→ Catalan: estic

→ Italian: stick

→ Korean: 스틱 (seutik)

→ Portuguese: stique, estique

→ Sranan Tongo: tiki

From Middle English stikke (“stick, rod, twig”), from Old English sticca (“rod, twig”), from Proto-West Germanic *stikkō, from Proto-Germanic *stikkô, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)teyg- (“to pierce, prick, be sharp”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian Stikke (“stick”), West Flemish stik (“stick”). Related to stigma.

der

better than a poke in the eye with a burnt stick

better than a poke in the eye with a sharp stick

better than a poke in the eye with a shitty stick

it is easy to find a stick to beat a dog

Scores of transport planes streamed in to drop stick after stick of containers until the entire sky over the coast was polka-dotted with brightly coloured parachutes.

2001, Raymond Mitchell, Commando Despatch Rider, →ISBN, page 70:

A stick of bombs fell straight across Wotton; blew up half a dozen houses.

2006, Farley Mowat, Aftermath: Travels in a Post-War World, →ISBN, page 200:

James and I were in the same stick of five guys going through free fall school last September.

2006, Holly Aho, From Here to There, →ISBN, page 48:

Material or objects attached to a stick or the like.

(military) The structure to which a set of bombs in a bomber aircraft are attached and which drops the bombs when it is released. The bombs themselves and, by extension, any load of similar items dropped in quick succession such as paratroopers or containers.

A tool, control, or instrument shaped somewhat like a stick.

(US military slang, World War I) An aircraft’s propeller.

Bill Kirk, described by Robin as a "hell of a stick," didn't even attend college until after the Vietnam War.

2001, John Darrell Sherwood, Fast Movers: America's Jet Pilots and the Vietnam Experience, page 30:

(slang, dated) A person or group of people. (Perhaps, in some senses, because people are, broadly speaking, tall and thin, like pieces of wood.)

(military aviation, from joystick) A fighter pilot.

I remember when we dreaded the rain, as our stick of soldiers walked through the damp, tick-infested long grass of the Zambezi valley,[…]

2007, Bart Wolffe, Persona Non Grata, →ISBN, page 245:

(military, South Africa) A small group of (infantry) soldiers.


sting

From Middle English stynge, sting, stenge, from Old English sting, stinċġ (“a sting, stab, thrust made with a pointed instrument; the wound made by a stab or sting”), from Proto-Germanic *stangiz.

The criminal gang was caught after a successful sting.

Shepard: I'm taking you in, Jax.
Turian Bodyguard: It's a sting. Bastard set us up.
Jax: What the hell are you playing at?

2008, BioWare, Mass Effect, Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →ISBN, →OCLC, PC, scene: Citadel:

(law enforcement) A police operation in which the police pretend to engage in criminal activity in order to catch a criminal.


stiff

en-adj

stiff (comparative stiffer, superlative stiffest)

stiffer (comparative)
stiffest (superlative)

From Middle English stiff, stiffe, stif, from Old English stīf, from Proto-West Germanic *stīf, from Proto-Germanic *stīfaz, from Proto-Indo-European *steypós.
See also West Frisian stiif, Dutch stijf, Norwegian Bokmål stiv, German steif; also Latin stīpes, stīpō, from which English stevedore.
The expected Modern English form would be /staɪf/; /stɪf/ is probably originally from compounds such as stiffly, where the vowel was shortened before a consonant cluster.

থিৰ

of an object, rigid, hard to bend, inflexible

(professional wrestling, of a strike) Delivered more forcefully than needed, whether intentionally or accidentally, thus causing legitimate pain to the opponent.


strike

→ Danish: strike

→ Dutch: strike

→ French: strike

→ German: Strike

→ Italian: strike

→ Japanese: ストライク (sutoraiku)

→ Korean: 스트라이크 (seuteuraikeu)

→ Portuguese: strike

→ Russian: страйк (strajk)

→ Spanish: strike

→ Swedish: strike

→ Danish: strejke

→ Esperanto: striko

→ Hungarian: sztrájk

→ Japanese: ストライキ (sutoraiki)

desctree

→ German: Streik, Strike (obsolete, 19th c.)
→ Kashubian: sztrajk
→ Macedonian: штрајк (štrajk)
→ Serbo-Croatian: štrȁjk /штра̏јк
→ Slovak: štrajk

→ Polish: strajk
→ Belarusian: страйк (strajk)
→ Ukrainian: страйк (strajk)

→ Swedish: strejk

→ Welsh: streic

From Middle English stryken, from Old English strīcan, from Proto-West Germanic *strīkan, from Proto-Germanic *strīkaną, from Proto-Indo-European *streyg- (“to stroke, rub, press”).
Cognate with Dutch strijken, German streichen, Danish stryge, Icelandic strýkja, strýkva.

der

air strike; first strike

(military, by extension) An attack, not necessarily physical.

interpresa

(military) an attack, not necessarily physical


stricken

en-adj

stricken (comparative more stricken, superlative most stricken)

more stricken (comparative)
most stricken (superlative)
striken (alternative obsolete)

From Middle English striken, ystriken, from Old English stricen, ġestricen, from Proto-West Germanic *strikan, from Proto-Germanic *strikanaz, past participle of Proto-Germanic *strīkaną (“to strike”).
Cognate with Saterland Frisian strieken, Dutch gestreken, German Low German streken, German gestrichen.

(military, nautical, of a warship) Having its name removed from a country's naval register, e.g. the United States Naval Vessel Register.


sweep

en-verb

sweep (third-person singular simple present sweeps, present participle sweeping, simple past and past participle swept)

sweeps (present singular third-person)
sweeping (participle present)
swept (participle past)
swept (past)

From Middle English swepen, from Proto-West Germanic *swaipijan (unattested in Old English), from Proto-Germanic *swaipijaną. Cognate with Early Modern West Frisian swiepe (“whip, cleanse, sweep”), from Old Frisian swēpa, suepa (“sweep”). More distantly related to Old Norse sveipa (whence Swedish svepa). See also swoop.

cog

The channel was swept twice before the battlefleet proceeded through it.

(military) To clear (a body of water or part thereof) of mines.


sweep

(martial arts) A throw or takedown that primarily uses the legs to attack an opponent's legs.


swept

Having survived the seemingly-random attacks through the day, and now under the cover of night, the Germans seem to have a clear run to safety. However, back when the route became clear thanks to the Enigma intercepts, Bomber Command had laid more mines in the swept channel. And now, along comes Gneisenau!

2019 January 9, Drachinifel, 32:48 from the start, in The Channel Dash / Operation Cerberus - How to win through refuge in audacity, archived from the original on 2022-07-24:

(military, of a body of water or part thereof) Cleared of mines (explosive devices).


swing

en-verb

swing (third-person singular simple present swings, present participle swinging, simple past swung or (archaic or dialectal) swang, past participle swung or (archaic) swungen)

swings (present singular third-person)
swinging (participle present)
swung (past)
swang (archaic dialectal past)
swung (participle past)
swungen (archaic participle past)

From Middle English swyngen, from Old English swingan, from Proto-West Germanic *swingan, from Proto-Germanic *swinganą (compare Low German swingen, German schwingen, Dutch zwingen, Swedish svinga), from Proto-Indo-European *swenk-, *sweng- (compare Scottish Gaelic seang (“thin”)). Related to swink.

lyödä kierre

cricket: to make the ball move sideways in its trajectory

at church every time the doors swing open

(transitive and intransitive, boxing) To move one's arm in a punching motion.

замахвам

boxing: to move one's arm in a punching motion


swing

en-noun

swing (countable and uncountable, plural swings)

what you lose on the swings you gain on the roundabouts

The polls showed a wide swing to Labour.

The amount of change towards or away from something.

(politics) In an election, the increase or decrease in the number of votes for opposition parties compared with votes for the incumbent party.

(boxing) A type of hook with the arm more extended.


throw

en-verb

throw (third-person singular simple present throws, present participle throwing, simple past threw or (nonstandard) throwed, past participle thrown or (nonstandard) throwed or (nonstandard) threw)

throws (present singular third-person)
throwing (participle present)
threw (past)
throwed (nonstandard past)
thrown (participle past)
throwed (nonstandard participle past)
threw (nonstandard participle past)
throw (infinitive)
throw (first-person present singular)
threw (first-person past singular)
throw (present second-person singular)
throwest (archaic present second-person singular)
threw (past second-person singular)
threwst (archaic past second-person singular)
throws (present singular third-person)
throweth (archaic present singular third-person)
threw (past singular third-person)
throw (plural present)
threw (past plural)
throw (present subjunctive)
threw (past subjunctive)
throw (imperative present)
throwing (participle present)
thrown (participle past)
thrun (dialectal participle past)

From Middle English throwen, thrawen, from Old English þrāwan (“to turn, twist”), from Proto-West Germanic *þrāan, from Proto-Germanic *þrēaną (“to twist, turn”), from Proto-Indo-European *terh₁- (“to rub, rub by twisting, twist, turn”).
Cognate with Scots thraw (“to twist, turn, throw”), West Frisian triuwe (“to push”), Dutch draaien (“to turn”), Low German draien, dreien (“to turn (in a lathe)”), German drehen (“to turn”).
Displaced warp as the word for hurling and was displaced by warp as the word for twisting.

der

dip me in chocolate and throw me to the lesbians

people who live in glass houses shouldn't throw stones

throw enough mud at the wall and some of it will stick

throw enough mud at the wall, some of it will stick

throw nickels around like manhole covers

throw oneself on someone's mercy not have a pot to piss in or a window to throw it out of

throw one's hotdog down someone's hallway

throw things at the wall and see what sticks

trust someone as far as one could throw them

So they stood up, and wrastled another while in silence. Soon the King made trial once again of the fall whereby he had sought to throw him in the first bout, twisting suddenly his right side against Goldry, and catching with his leg Goldry’s leg, and therewith leaning against him with main force.

1922, E[ric] R[ücker] Eddison, The Worm Ouroboros: A Romance, London: Jonathan Cape […], →OCLC, page 25:

(martial arts) To lift or unbalance one’s opponent and then bring him back down to the ground, especially into a position behind the thrower.

heittää

martial arts: to lift the opponent off the ground and bring him back down


throw

(martial arts) A move in which one lifts or unbalances one’s opponent and then brings him down to the ground.


thrust

en-noun

thrust (countable and uncountable, plural thrusts)

From Middle English þrusten, from Old Norse þrysta, from Proto-Germanic *þrustijaną, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *trewd-.

Pierre was a master swordsman, and could parry the thrusts of lesser men with barely a thought.

(fencing) An attack made by moving the sword parallel to its length and landing with the point.


tread

rise

antonym(s) of “horizontal part of a step”

From Middle English tred, from treden (“to tread”).

(fortification) The top of the banquette, on which soldiers stand to fire over the parapet.


upset

upset (countable and uncountable, plural upsets)

From Middle English upset (“the act of setting up; establishment”), from Middle English upsetten, corresponding to up- + set. Cognate with Middle Low German upset (“setup; arrangement”).

cog

But it is probably the biggest upset for the away side since Ronnie Radford smashed a famous goal as Hereford defeated Newcastle 2-1 in 1972.

2011 January 8, Paul Fletcher, “Stevenage 3 - 1 Newcastle”, in BBC:

Sanders’s win in Michigan was one of the greatest upsets in modern political history.

2016 March 9, Harry Enten, “What The Stunning Bernie Sanders Win In Michigan Means”, in FiveThirtyEight:

(countable, sports, politics) An unexpected victory of a competitor or candidate that was not favored to win.

неочаквано поражение

sports: unexpected victory of a competitor


woke

en-adj

woke (not generally comparable, comparative more woke or woker, superlative most woke or wokest)

more woke (comparative)
woker (comparative)
most woke (superlative)
wokest (superlative)

→ Dutch: woke

→ German: woke

→ Portuguese: woke

→ Swedish: woke

Shortened from woken or woken up, or derived from dialectal use of woke (past participle of wake). The sense of being aware of social injustice dates to at least the 1930s. The derogatory use has been most commonly used as of the 2020s.

But the cultural conflict between these two post-revolutionary styles — between frat guys and feminist bluestockings, Gamergaters and the diversity police, alt-right provocateurs and “woke” dudebros, the mouthbreathers who poured hate on the all-female “Ghostbusters” and the tastemakers who pretended it was good — is likely here to stay.

2016 August 14, Ross Douthat, “A Playboy for President”, in The New York Times, New York, N.Y.: The New York Times Company, →ISSN, →OCLC:

Like, if I tweet or hashtag about how you didn’t do something right or used the wrong verb, then I can sit back and feel pretty good about myself, cause, "Man, you see how woke I was, I called you out." That’s not activism. That’s not bringing about change.

2019 October 29, Emily S. Rueb, Derrick Bryson Taylor, quoting Barack Obama, “Obama on Call-Out Culture: ‘That’s Not Activism’”, in The New York Times, New York, N.Y.: The New York Times Company, →ISSN, →OCLC:

If this were actually true, you would expect real traction for the wokest candidates in the Democratic presidential race. But it’s been just the opposite. The woke candidates have been the weakest, electorally speaking, and the defining attribute of the Democratic primary has been a preoccupation with the voters that put Trump in the White House.

2019 December 6, Jamelle Bouie, “Why the ‘Wokest’ Candidates Are the Weakest”, in The New York Times, New York, N.Y.: The New York Times Company, →ISSN, →OCLC:

[Kevin Smith is] also baffled by some of the accusations that he tried to make the franchise “woke” by focusing on Teela.

2021 July 26, Lauren Sarner, “Kevin Smith on ‘Masters of the Universe’ and fan backlash”, in New York Post:

Rightwing Tory MPs should stop portraying concerns over the climate and nature as “woke”, and understand that voters are deeply concerned about the crisis, the Conservative minister Zac Goldsmith has warned.

2022 November 15, Fiona Harvey, quoting Zac Goldsmith, “‘Stupid’ to equate climate concerns with being woke, says Zac Goldsmith”, in Katharine Viner, editor, The Guardian, London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC:

Mr. Prevost, who described himself to Mr. Morgan as a “MAGA type,” said the new pope was “much more liberal” than he was — although, when asked, he said that he would not necessarily call his brother “woke.”

2025 May 13, Richard Fausset, quoting Louis Prevost, “The Pope’s Florida Brother, a MAGA Disciple, Plans to ‘Tone It Down’”, in The New York Times, New York, N.Y.: The New York Times Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2025-05-13:

(by extension, politics, slang, often derogatory) Holding progressive views or attitudes, principally with regard to social justice.

politisk korrekt

politically correct; stereotypically leftist

The famous author of Harry Potter, J K Rowling, found herself at the centre of a woke storm after liking a tweet by Maya Forstater, who lost her job in 2019 after tweeting that “male people are not women”. The reaction was immediate, with some accusing Forstater of “killing trans people with her hate” for simply expressing an opinion.

2021 June 24, Johnny Luk, “Why ‘woke’ became toxic”, in Al Jazeera, Opinion:

Many on the ‘woke right’ who for some time have spoken against cancel culture, have chosen to embrace a version of their own, boycotting companies that support progressive causes, for example. The overwhelming support for DeSantis’ fight against Disney in Florida is one such illustration. The boycott of Bud Light over the company’s paid promotional social media posts using trans influencer Dylan Mulvaney is another.

2023 May 10, Katherine Brodsky, “The Rise of the Right Wing Woke”, in Random Minds, via Substack:

The woke right and woke left demand that we internalize our status as victim. Progressives want women and people of color and the poor and LGBTQ people to feel like they are besieged, like they constantly face a barrage of marginalization and disdain. How different is the woke right? Even a brief perusal of the sources I quoted above shows that they very much want straight White men not only to recognize that they are victims, strangers in their own country, but to internalize this identity.

2024 June 8, Neil Shenvi, “What is the “Woke Right”?”, in Neil Shenvi – Apologetics:

(by extension, politics, slang, derogatory) Promoting cancel culture, identitarianism, pontification, victim mentality, or virtue signalling.