bar

en-noun

bar (countable and uncountable, plural bars)

→ Albanian: bar m

→ Arabic: بَار m (bār)

→ Armenian: բար (bar)

→ Bulgarian: бар (bar)

→ Burmese: ဘား (bha:)

→ Chichewa: bála

→ Cantonese: 吧 (baa¹)

→ Czech: bar m

→ Danish: bar c

→ Dutch: bar m

→ Esperanto: baro

→ Estonian: baar

→ French: bar m
→ Romanian: bar

→ Galician: bar m

→ Georgian: ბარი (bari)

→ German: Bar f

→ Greek: μπαρ n (bar)

→ Gulf Arabic: بار (bār)

→ Hebrew: בָּר (bar), בָּאר (bár)

→ Hungarian: bár (also via German)

→ Icelandic: bar m

→ Irish: beár m

→ Italian: bar m

→ Japanese: バー (bā)

→ Khmer: បារ (baa)

→ Korean: 바 (ba)

→ Lithuanian: bãras m

→ Macedonian: бар m (bar)

→ Malagasy: ba

→ Mandarin: 吧 (bā)

→ Norwegian:

Bokmål: bar m

Nynorsk: bar m

→ Persian: بار (bâr)

→ Polish: bar m

→ Portuguese: bar m

→ Russian: бар m (bar)

→ Serbo-Croatian: ба̑р m, bȃr m

→ Slovene: bȃr m

→ Spanish: bar m

→ Swahili: baa

→ Swedish: bar c (see there for further descendants)

→ Thai: บาร์ (baa)

→ Turkish: bar

→ Xhosa: íbhári

→ Zulu: ibha

From Middle English barre, from Old French barre (“beam, bar, gate, barrier”), from Vulgar Latin *barra, of uncertain origin. Doublet of barre.

der

(sports) A horizontal pole that must be crossed in the high jump and pole vault.

Composed play then saw Sam Ricketts nutmeg Ashley Cole before Taylor whipped a fine curling effort over Petr Cech's bar.

(heraldry) One of the ordinaries in heraldry; a diminutive of a fess.

(farriery) The part of the crust of a horse's hoof which is bent inwards towards the frog at the heel on each side, and extends into the centre of the sole.

(farriery, in the plural) The space between the tusks and grinders in the upper jaw of a horse, in which the bit is placed.

That rapper there, yeah, he got bars.

(slang, hip-hop) A complimentary reference to a rapper's lyrics, especially when good.


bar

From Middle English barren, from Old French barrer, from Medieval Latin barrare (“to bar”), from the noun. Cognate to Occitan barrar, Spanish barrar, Portuguese barrar.
Preposition properly imperative of the verb. Compare barring.

Leg At Each Corner is at 3/1, Lost My Shirt 5/1, and it's 10/1 bar.

(horse racing) Denotes the minimum odds offered on other horses not mentioned by name.


turn

en-verb

turn (third-person singular simple present turns, present participle turning, simple past and past participle turned or (obsolete) turnt)

turns (present singular third-person)
turning (participle present)
turned (participle past)
turned (past)
turnt (obsolete participle past)
turnt (obsolete past)
turn (infinitive)

From Middle English turnen, from Old English turnian, tyrnan (“to turn, rotate, revolve”) and Old French torner (“to turn”), both from Latin tornāre (“to round off, turn in a lathe”), from tornus (“lathe”), from Ancient Greek τόρνος (tórnos, “turning-lathe: a tool used for making circles”), from Proto-Indo-European *terh₁- (“to rub, rub by turning, turn, twist, bore”). Cognate with Old English þrāwan (“to turn, twist, wind”), whence English throw. Displaced native Middle English wenden from Old English wendan (see wend), and Middle English trenden from Old English trendan (see trend), among several other terms.

lyödä kierre

in cricket, make the ball move sideways when it bounces

kiertää

of a cricket ball, move sideways when it bounces

-ul

e.g. “turn yellow”: sárga → sárgul, “turn brown”: barna → barnul

(transitive, cricket) Of a bowler, to make (the ball) move sideways off the pitch when it bounces.

(intransitive, cricket) Of a ball, to move sideways off the pitch when it bounces.

(intransitive or transitive) To change condition or attitude.

(professional wrestling) To change personalities, such as from being a face (good guy) to heel (bad guy) or vice versa.

professional wrestling
professional wrestling

Liverpool introduced Carroll for Spearing and were rewarded after 64 minutes when he put them back in contention. Stewart Downing blocked Jose Bosingwa's attempted clearance, which fell into the path of Carroll. He turned John Terry superbly before firing high past Cech.

2012 May 5, Phil McNulty, “Chelsea 2-1 Liverpool”, in BBC Sport:

(transitive, soccer) Of a player, to go past an opposition player with the ball in one's control.

peipata

soccer: go past an opposition player with the ball in one's control


turn

→ Japanese: ターン (tān)

Partly from Anglo-Norman *torn, from Latin turnus, from Ancient Greek τόρνος (tórnos), and partly an action noun from the verb turn.

պտույտ

movement about an axis ending up with the same orientation

360° turn

movement about an axis returning to the original orientation

the first turn of the screw pays all debts

(cricket) A sideways movement of the ball when it bounces (caused by rotation in flight).

(soccer) An instance of going past an opposition player with the ball in one's control.

peippaus

soccer: instance of going past an opposition player with the ball in one's control

Between the pieces were individual turns, comic songs and dances.

1960, Theatre Notebook, volumes 14-16, page 122:

(circus, theater, especially physical comedy) A short skit, act, or routine.

numero

circus, theatre: short skit, act, or routine


net

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *neHd-der.
Proto-Germanic *natją
Proto-West Germanic *nati
Old English nett
Middle English net
English net
From Middle English net, from Old English net, nett, from Proto-West Germanic *nati, from Proto-Germanic *natją, from Proto-Indo-European *ned- (“to turn, twist, knot”).
Cognate with West Frisian net, Low German Nett, Dutch net, German Netz, Danish net, Swedish nät.

der

Wigan had N'Zogbia sent off late on but Squillaci headed into his own net to give the home side a deserved point.

2010 December 29, Mark Vesty, “Wigan 2-2 Arsenal”, in BBC:

The striker headed the ball into the net to make it 1-0.

(sports) A framework backed by a mesh, serving as the goal in hockey, soccer, lacrosse, etc.

(sports, tennis) A mesh stretched to divide the court in tennis, badminton, volleyball, etc.

мре́жа

sports: mesh stretched to divide the court

(tennis, by extension) The area of the court close to the net (mesh stretched to divide the court).


net

en-verb

net (third-person singular simple present nets, present participle netting, simple past and past participle netted)

nets (present singular third-person)
netting (participle present)
netted (participle past)
netted (past)

Evans netted the winner in the 80th minute.

Romeu then scored a penalty, Torres netted a header and Moses added the sixth from substitute Oscar's cross.

Azarenka whipped a sensational forehand around the net post to break for 2-0 in the second set, followed it up with a love hold and moved to 5-1 when Paszek netted a forehand.

2011 June 28, David Ornstein, “Wimbledon 2011: Victoria Azarenka beats Tamira Paszek in quarters”, in BBC Sport:


tea

en-noun

tea (countable and uncountable, plural teas)

Gullah: tea

Jamaican Creole: tea

→ Abenaki: ti

→ Chickasaw: tii'

→ Cocopa: ṭi·

→ Cornish: té

→ Cree:

Canadian syllabics script: ᑎᕀ (tiy)

Latin script: tiy

→ Inuktitut: ᑏ (tii)

→ Irish: tae

→ Maori: tī

→ Malecite-Passamaquoddy: ti

desc

→ Mikasuki: ti'g'tlo'q, ji'gitlo'q (“kettle”) (from "tea kettle")

→ Panamint: tii

→ Scottish Gaelic: tì, teatha

→ Tamil: டீ (ṭī)

→ Telugu: టీ (ṭī)

→ Unami: ti

→ Welsh: te

Amoy
Amoy dialect
Dutch East India Company
Macao
Álvaro Semedo

First appears c. 1655, in the writings of Álvaro Semedo. From Dutch thee, from Hokkien 茶 (tê) (Amoy dialect), from Old Chinese, ultimately from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-la (“leaf, tea”). Introduced to English and other Western European languages by the Dutch East India Company, who sourced their tea in Amoy; compare Malay teh along the same trade route. Doublet of chai and cha (and, distantly, the first element of lahpet), from same Proto-Sino-Tibetan root; see discussion of cognates.
Cognates
The word for “tea” in many languages is of Sinitic origin (due to China being the origin of the plant), and thus there are many cognates; see translations. These are from one of two proximate sources, reflected in the phonological shape: forms with a stop (e.g. /t/) are derived from Min Nan tê, while forms with a fricative (e.g. /tʃ/) are derived from other Sinitic languages, like Mandarin chá or Cantonese caa4 (all written as 茶). Different languages borrowed one or the other form (specific language and point in time varied), reflecting trade ties, generally Min Nan tê if by ocean trade from Fujian, Cantonese caa4 if by ocean trade from Guangdong, or northern Chinese chá if by overland trade or by ocean trade from India.
Thus Western and Northern European languages borrowed tê (with the exception of Portuguese, which uses chá; despite being by ocean trade, their source was in Macao, not Amoy), while chá borrowings are used over a very large geographical area of Eurasia and Africa: Southern and Eastern Europe, and on through Turkish, Arabic, North and East Africa, Persian, Central Asian, and Indic languages. In Europe the tê/chá line is Italian/Slovene, Hungarian/Romanian, German/Czech, Polish/Ukrainian, Baltics/Russian, Finnish/Karelian, Northern Sami/Inari Sami. tê was also borrowed in European trade stops in Southern India and coastal Africa, though chá borrowings are otherwise more prevalent in these regions, via Arabic or Indic, due to earlier trade. The situation in Southeast Asia is complex due to multiple influences, and some languages borrowed both forms, such as Malay teh and ca.
Sense 10 (“information, especially gossip”) is originally from T standing for truth, which evolved into tea.

茶水

cheap or free tea in Chinese restaurants

紅茶 (こうちゃ, kōcha) (black tea, lit.: "red")

what does that have to do with the price of tea in China

Australia were 490 for 7 at tea on the second day.

As recently as the mid-80s the players would be given a bottle of beer at lunchtime at some county grounds, and "tea" still meant a cup of tea into the 90s.

2009, “What do cricketers eat at tea? When is it safe to flush on the train? What's a plujit?”, Notes and queries: Life and style, in The Guardian:

en:break between sessions in cricket sport

(cricket) The break in play between the second and third sessions.


fan

en-verb

fan (third-person singular simple present fans, present participle fanning, simple past and past participle fanned)

fans (present singular third-person)
fanning (participle present)
fanned (participle past)
fanned (past)

Inherited from Middle English fan, inherited from Old English fann (“a winnowing, fan”), derived from Latin vannus (“fan for winnowing grain”), derived from Proto-Indo-European *h₂weh₁- (“to blow”).
cognates
*Latin ventus (“wind”)
*Dutch wan (“winnowing basket”)
*German Wanne (“winnowing basket”)
*Swedish vanna (“a fan for winnowing”)
*Old English windwian (“to fan, winnow”).
More at winnow.

thumbing

to firing a revolver by holding trigger and hitting hammer

(baseball, transitive) To strike out (a batter).


pale

From Middle English pale, pal, borrowed from Old French pal, from Latin pālus (“stake, prop”). English inherited the word pole (or, rather Old English pāl) from a much older Proto-Germanic borrowing of the same Latin word.
Doublet of peel and pole.

(heraldry) A vertical band down the middle of a shield.


timbre

en-noun

timbre (countable and uncountable, plural timbres)

From French timbre, ultimately from Ancient Greek τύμπανον (túmpanon, “drum”). Doublet of tympanum.

der

Quarterly the First quarter Siluer …, The second Siluer a Cheueron gules betweene three Castles Sables And to his timbre vpon his healme, an Elephants head in his proper Colours […]

1492, "Confirmation of arms with difference and crest to Thomas and John Elyott by John Writhe, Garter, dated 7th July, 1492 (MS. queen's Coll. 139, No. 13.)", in 1925, Willoughby Aston Littledale, A Collection of Miscellaneous Grants, Crests, Confirmations, Augmentations and Exemplifications of Arms in the Mss. Preserved in the British Museum, Ashmolean Library, Queen's College, Oxford, and Elsewhere, page 70

The basilican pavilion [...] has frequently appeared on banners since the 13th century, but the pope has used it only rarely, as a timbre or crest above his coat of ARMS (a few examples exist from the time of MARTIN V).

2002, Philippe Levillain, John W. O'Malley, The Papacy: Gaius-Proxies, Psychology Press, →ISBN, page 1145:

(heraldry, uncommon) The crest on a (helmet atop a) coat of arms.


poker

→ Armenian: պոկեր (poker)

→ Catalan: pòquer

→ Chinese: 撲克／扑克 (pūkè; pok³ hak¹)

→ Czech: poker

→ Dutch: poker

→ Esperanto: pokero

→ Finnish: pokeri

→ French: poker

→ Georgian: პოკერი (ṗoḳeri)

→ German: Poker
→ Estonian: pokker

→ Greek: πόκερ (póker)

→ Hungarian: póker

→ Icelandic: póker

→ Italian: poker

→ Japanese: ポーカー (pokā)

→ Korean: 포커 (pokeo)

→ Luxembourgish: Poker

→ Macedonian: покер (poker)

→ Polish: poker

→ Portuguese: pôquer

→ Russian: покер (poker)

→ Serbo-Croatian: poker / покер

→ Slovene: poker

→ Spanish: póquer

→ Swedish: poker

→ Turkish: poker

American English, perhaps from first element of German Pochspiel, from German pochen, perhaps from French poque. First appeared in the 19th century.

2021 September 20, Ratul Ghosh, "THE BEST MOMENTS FROM JIMMY GREAVES' LEGENDARY FOOTBALLING CAREER FootTheBall
Greaves hit three hat-tricks, two pokers and five goals against West Brom on his way to a record-setting 41 league goals.

2022 April 17, Dylan Butler, "Recap: NYCFC 6, Real Salt Lake 0" MLS.com
Poker Face: Taty Castellanos strikes FOUR times for NYCFC vs. RSL

Ibra has scored a "poker" on four separate occasions during his career: twice with Paris Saint-Germain and twice for Sweden. The most famed example must surely be his single-handed crushing of England in a friendly back in 2012, when the striker rounded off a 4-2 victory for the Swedes with a truly immense long-range overhead kick in the final minute.

2023 January 24, Chris Wright, "Mbappe scored career-high five goals in one game. What about Messi, Ronaldo and world's other top strikers?" Toe Poke (ESPN)

The only player who scored a poker at Nou Camp is Milinko Pantić. Curiously, despite his 4 goals, his team (Atlético Madrid) lost the game.

2023 April 6, "THE 11TH HAT TRICK SCORER AT NOU CAMP" International Federation of Football History and Statistics

2023 April 30, "Europa League's fastest goals and quickest hat-tricks" UEFA
Daka also became only the fifth player to score four or more in a Europa League match, and the second fastest after Willian José, whose 'poker' came in the space of 26 minutes for Real Sociedad at Vardar in 2017.

(soccer, rare) [a player's] scoring four goals in one match


bury

en-verb

bury (third-person singular simple present buries, present participle burying, simple past and past participle buried)

buries (present singular third-person)
burying (participle present)
buried (participle past)
buried (past)

Middle English burien, berien, from Old English byrġan, from Proto-West Germanic *burgijan, from Proto-Germanic *burgijaną (“to keep safe”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰergʰ- (“to defend, protect”).
Cognate with Icelandic byrgja (“to cover, shut; to hold in”); West Frisian bergje (“to keep”), German bergen (“to save/rescue something”), Danish bjerge (“to save/rescue something or somebody”); also Eastern Lithuanian bir̃ginti (“to save, spare”), Russian бере́чь (beréčʹ, “to spare”), Ossetian ӕмбӕрзын (æmbærzyn, “to cover”).
The spelling with ⟨u⟩ represents the pronunciation of the West Midland and Southern dialects, while the Modern English pronunciation with /ɛ/ is from the Kentish dialects.

cog

(professional wrestling slang) To ruin the image or character of another wrestler; usually by embarrassing or defeating them in dominating fashion.


service

en-noun

service (countable and uncountable, plural services)

From Middle English servise, from Old French servise (French service), from the verb servir, from Latin servitium (compare Portuguese serviço, Italian servizio, Norman sèrvice, Spanish servicio), from servus (“servant; serf; slave”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ser-wo-s (“guardian”), possibly from *ser- (“watch over, protect”). Displaced native Old English þeġnung.

The player had four service faults in the set.

(sports) The act of initially starting, or serving, the ball in play in tennis, volleyball, and other games.

се́рвис

sports: act of initially serving the ball


timber

en-verb

timber (third-person singular simple present timbers, present participle timbering, simple past and past participle timbered)

timbers (present singular third-person)
timbering (participle present)
timbered (participle past)
timbered (past)

From Middle English tymber, from Old English timber, from Proto-West Germanic *timr, from Proto-Germanic *timrą, from Proto-Indo-European *dem- (“build, house”) (see Proto-Indo-European *dṓm).
Cognates include Dutch timmer, Old High German zimbar (German Zimmer), Norwegian tømmer, Old Norse timbr, Gothic 𐍄𐌹𐌼𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌽 (timrjan, “to build”), Latin domus and Ancient Greek δόμος (dómos).

der

(falconry, intransitive) To light or land on a tree.


glut

From Middle English glotien, from Old French gloter, glotir (compare French engloutir (“to devour”), glouton (“glutton”)), from Latin gluttiō, gluttīre (“I swallow”). Akin to Russian глотать (glotatʹ, “to swallow”).

Four goals scored by a single player in a match can be described as a 'haul', while five goals is unofficially a 'glut'.

2020 October 23, “What is a brace in soccer?”, in Goal:

(British, soccer) Five goals scored by one player in a game.


form

en-noun

form (countable and uncountable, plural forms)

→ Korean: 폼 (pom)

→ Norwegian Bokmål: form

From Middle English forme (“shape, figure, manner, bench, frame, seat, condition, agreement, etc.”), borrowed from Old French forme, from Latin fōrma (“shape, figure, image, outline, plan, mold, frame, case, etc., manner, sort, kind, etc.”).
The now dated UK school sense ("division grouping school students") is derived from public school nomenclature, which was later used by state schools. It is sometimes said to be from the sense of "bench", where students of certain ages would sit together, though this is disputed, or alternatively from the sense of "established method of expression or practice".

der

imitation is the sincerest form of flattery

(sports, fitness) A specific way of performing a movement.


major

From Middle English major, from Latin maior, comparative of magnus (“great, large; noble, important”), from Proto-Indo-European *méǵh₂yōs (“greater”), comparative of *meǵh₂- (“great”). Compare West Frisian majoar (“major”), Dutch majoor (“major”), French majeur. Doublet of mayor.

pääaineopiskelija

student specializing in a specified subject

(Canadian football) A touchdown, or major score.


burgle

en-verb

burgle (third-person singular simple present burgles, present participle burgling, simple past and past participle burgled)

burgles (present singular third-person)
burgling (participle present)
burgled (participle past)
burgled (past)

And when scrum-half Ben Youngs, who had a poor game, was burgled by opposite number Irakli Abuseridze and the ball shipped down the line to Irakli Machkhaneli, it looked like Georgia had scored a try of their own, but the winger's foot was in touch.

2011 September 18, Ben Dirs, “Rugby World Cup 2011: England 41-10 Georgia”, in BBC Sport:

Foden did his job admirably. The fact that both City goals came from burgling possession in the final third indicated how successfully City managed collectively to disrupt Real’s buildup play.

2020 August 7, Jonathan Liew, “Phil Foden stars to offer Manchester City glimpse of multiple futures”, in The Guardian:

(UK, Ireland, sports) To take the ball legally from an opposing player.


horseshoe

/ˈhɔːɹs.ʃuː/

From Middle English horsscho, horssho, horscho, hors schoo, equivalent to horse + shoe.

almost only counts in horseshoes and hand grenades

close only counts in horseshoes and darts

close only counts in horseshoes and hand grenades

The lateral head of your triceps forms the outside of the horseshoe, the long head forms the inside, the medial head lies beneath the long head, and the tendon occupies the flat space in the middle.

2004, Ellington Darden, The New High-Intensity Training, page 58:

(bodybuilding, slang) A well-developed set of triceps brachii muscles.

hevosenkenkä

bodybuilding: well-developed set of triceps brachii


label

→ Danish: label

→ Dutch: label

→ French: label

→ Japanese: ラベル (raberu)

→ Polish: label

From Middle English label (“narrow band, strip of cloth”), from Old French label, lambel (Modern French lambeau), from Frankish *lappā (“torn piece of cloth”), from Proto-Germanic *lappǭ, *lappô (“cloth stuff, rag, scraps, flap, dewlap, lobe, rabbit ear”), from Proto-Indo-European *leb- (“blade”). Cognate with Old High German lappa (“rag, piece of cloth”), Old English læppa (“skirt, flap of a garment”). More at lap.

cog

(heraldry) A charge resembling the strap crossing the horse’s chest from which pendants are hung.


pool

1. From French poule (“collective stakes in a game”). The French word "poule" in this context is an abbreviation of "poulain, pouliche" (foal, filly), and referred to races with female horses under 3 years old. It then became used by punters to designate bets on that race, and started to be used from the racetrack to the stadiums.
2. The OED suggests that this may be a transferred use of poule (“hen”), which has been explained anecdotally as deriving from an old informal betting game in France - 'jeu de poule' - Game of Chicken (or Hen, literally) in which poule became synonymous with the combined money pot claimed by the winner.

bor

pull (accents with FOOT-GOOSE merger or full-fool merger)

He plays pool at the billiard-houses, and may be seen engaged at cards and dominoes of forenoons.

1848, William Makepeace Thackeray, chapter 23, in The Book of Snobs:

(sports) A cue sport played on a pool table. There are 15 balls, 7 of one colour or solids, 7 of another color or stripes, and the black ball (also called the 8 ball). A player must pocket all their own colour balls and then the black ball in order to win.

(fencing) A group of fencers taking part in a competition.


slip

en-verb

slip (third-person singular simple present slips, present participle slipping, simple past and past participle slipped or (obsolete) slipt)

slips (present singular third-person)
slipping (participle present)
slipped (participle past)
slipped (past)
slipt (obsolete participle past)
slipt (obsolete past)

From Middle English slippen, probably from Middle Low German slippen. Possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *slewbʰ- (“slip, slide”), or related to Proto-Germanic *slībaną (“to split”).
Cognate with Saterland Frisian slipje (“to slip”), Dutch slippen (“to slip”), German Low German slippen, slupen (“to slip”), German schlüpfen (“to slip”).

der

Lucento slipped me like his greyhound.

c. 1590–1592 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Taming of the Shrew”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene ii]:

'Well, it was one morning early in the spring,' said Lars, 'that I started for Linderudsœter, where I slipped Rap, and he was soon in full cry and made the hillside ring.'

1881, P. Chr. Asbjörnsen [i.e., Peter Christen Asbjørnsen], translated by H. L. Brækstad, Round the Yule Log. Norwegian Folk and Fairy Tales, London: Sampson Low, Marston, Searle, & Rivington, →OCLC, page 78:

(transitive, hunting, falconry) To release (a dog, a bird of prey, etc.) to go after a quarry.


slip

there's many a slip between the cup and the lip

there's many a slip twixt the cup and the lip

(cricket) Any of several fielding positions to the off side of the wicket keeper, designed to catch the ball after being deflected from the bat; a fielder in that position (See first slip, second slip, third slip, fourth slip and fifth slip.)


method

(skateboarding, snowboarding) Ellipsis of method air..


series

en-noun

series (plural series or (obsolete) serieses)

series (plural)
serieses (obsolete plural)

→ Japanese: シリーズ (shirīzu)

→ Korean: 시리즈 (sirijeu)

→ Burmese: စီးရီး (ci:ri:)

Attested from the 1610s; borrowed from Latin seriēs, from serere (“to join together, bind”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ser- (“to bind, put together, to line up”). Related to desert, insert, sermon, and sorcerer.

مُتَسَلْسِلَة

in analysis: sum of the terms of a sequence

The Blue Jays are playing the Yankees in a four-game series.

(cricket, baseball) A group of matches between two sides, with the aim being to win more matches than the opposition.


hurricane

(sports, aerial freestyle skiing) "full—triple-full—full" – an acrobatic maneuver consisting of three flips and five twists, with one twist on the first flip, three twists on the second flip, one twist on the third flip


batter

en-verb

batter (third-person singular simple present batters, present participle battering, simple past and past participle battered)

batters (present singular third-person)
battering (participle present)
battered (participle past)
battered (past)

From Middle English bateren, from Old French batre (“to beat”).

(metalworking) To flatten (metal) by hammering, so as to compress it inwardly and spread it outwardly.


batter

The first batter hit the ball into the corner for a double.

(baseball) The player attempting to hit the ball with a bat.

(cricket) A player of the batting side now on the field.

(cricket) The player now receiving strike; the striker.

It's hard to put this on his shoulders while the guy is so young, but I firmly believe Kane could go down as New Zealand's greatest ever batter.

(cricket) Any player selected for his or her team principally to bat, as opposed to a bowler.


focus

en-noun

focus (countable and uncountable, plural foci or focuses or focusses)

foci (plural)
focuses (plural)
focusses (plural)

Borrowed from Latin focus (“hearth, fireplace”); see there for more. Doublet of fuel.
Kepler introduced the term into mathematics and the sciences in describing elliptical orbits of planets (quote from Nicholas Mee) :
"One of the interesting properties of an ellipse is that if there were a light bulb at one focus, then all the light that it emits would reflect off the ellipse and converge at the other focus. This is why Kepler originally used the name focus for these points."

bor+

Unfortunately, the license plate is out of focus in this image.

Not long ago, it was difficult to produce photographs of tiny creatures with every part in focus.[…]A photo processing technique called focus stacking has changed that. Developed as a tool to electronically combine the sharpest bits of multiple digital images, focus stacking is a boon to biologists seeking full focus on a micron scale.

2013 July-August, Catherine Clabby, “Focus on Everything”, in American Scientist:

(uncountable, photography, cinematography) The fact of the convergence of light on the photographic medium.

fokus

During this scene, the boy’s face shifts subtly from soft focus into sharp focus.

(uncountable, photography, cinematography) The quality of the convergence of light on the photographic medium.


batman

en-verb

batman (third-person singular simple present batmans, present participle batmanning, simple past and past participle batmanned)

batmans (present singular third-person)
batmanning (participle present)
batmanned (participle past)
batmanned (past)

At 16,200 feet I batmanned madly down the fixed ropes, stopping constantly to catch my breath, not sure how much longer I could continue.

1993, Steve Roper, Allen Steck, The Best of Ascent: Twenty-Five Years of the Mountaineering Experience:

Instead, they batmanned effortlessly hand-over-hand up the rope like kids pulling in perch.

2005, Alan Hobson, Jamie Clarke, Above All Else: The Everest Dream, →ISBN, page 53:

The Germans had left fixed ropes in place, which the Brits unashamedly batmanned up to reach the summit ridge.

2006, Alpinist - Issue 18; Issue 20, page 36:

So without hesitation I “batmanned” the rope, freed it, and we continued.

2011, Kerry Burns, Cameron Burns, Climb: Tales of Man Versus Boulder, Crag, Wall, and Peak, →ISBN, page 96:

When climbers fall they will usually want to return to their high point to resume climbing, and that will either involve batmanning or boinking.

2018, Nate Fitch, Ron Funderburke, Climbing: From First-Timer to Gym Climber, →ISBN:

(slang, mountaineering) To climb up or down a rope free hand (i.e. as Batman does).


semifinal

→ Swedish: semifinal

→ Turkish: semifinal

(sports) A playoff in the round with only four players or teams left, the stage before the final.


pyro

en-noun

pyro (countable and uncountable, plural pyros)

Shortening of a word starting with pyro-, ultimately from Ancient Greek πῦρ (pûr, “fire”).

(uncountable, archaic, especially photography) Pyrogallol, pyrogallic acid.


lip

en-verb

lip (third-person singular simple present lips, present participle lipping, simple past and past participle lipped)

lips (present singular third-person)
lipping (participle present)
lipped (participle past)
lipped (past)

From Middle English lippe, from Old English lippa, lippe (“lip”), from Proto-West Germanic *lippjō (“lip”), from Proto-Germanic *lepô, from Proto-Indo-European *leb- (“to hang loosely, droop, sag”).
Cognate with West Frisian lippe (“lip”), Dutch lip (“lip”), German Lippe and Lefze (“lip”), Swedish läpp (“lip”), Norwegian leppe (“lip”),
Danish læbe (“lip”),
Latin labium (“lip”).

der

“I shall find the ball to the left of a patch of sword grass near the hole,” he said. “My second will lip the hole, I know it as well as if I could see the whole thing.”

1910 March, Fred M. White, “A Record Round”, in The Windsor Magazine:

Lambert just missed his three; his putt lipped the hole before finishing two feet past it.

1999, J. M. Gregson, chapter 9, in Malice Aforethough, Sutton: Severn House, page 112:

(sports) To make a golf ball hit the lip of the cup, without dropping in.


killer

en-noun

killer (countable and uncountable, plural killers)

→ German: Killer

→ Italian: killer

→ Japanese: キラー (kirā)

→ Russian: ки́ллер (kíller)

From Middle English killer, kyller. By surface analysis, kill + -er.

(sports, uncountable) A knockout form of darts or pool involving several players.

(philately) A particularly heavy type of handstamp, or portion of one, often obscuring a large part of the postage stamp.


aerial

General American, Mary–marry–merry merger

From Latin āerius + -al, from Ancient Greek ἀέριος (aérios), from ἀήρ (aḗr, “air”).

Hemment is on record as being the first person to film aerials of wildlife – he filmed a flock of wild ducks early in 1911, possibly on Rainey's Louisiana property.

2010, Jean Hartley, Africa's Big Five and Other Wildlife Filmmakers:


collapse

en-verb

collapse (third-person singular simple present collapses, present participle collapsing, simple past and past participle collapsed)

collapses (present singular third-person)
collapsing (participle present)
collapsed (participle past)
collapsed (past)

From Latin collāpsus (past participle of collābor).

(intransitive, cricket) To suffer a batting collapse.


collapse

en-noun

collapse (countable and uncountable, plural collapses)

batting collapse
batting collapse#English

(cricket) Abbreviation of batting collapse.


passer

A superb passer of the ball, we expected him to wipe the floor with the opposition.

1991, Rex Mossop, The Moose That Roared, Sydney: Ironbark Press, page 157:

(sports) Someone who passes, someone who makes a pass.

(American football) A football player who makes a forward pass, who may be (but not limited to) the quarterback.


breeze

From the earlier (nautical) term brise, brize (“breeze”), from Middle English brees (“wind”). Ultimate origin obscure.
Variously supposed to derive from a Germanic source like Saterland Frisian Briese (“breeze”), West Frisian brys (“a cool wind”), Dutch bries (“breeze”), early Dutch brysen (“to blow cool and fresh”), or from Spanish brisa (“northeast wind”).
The earliest attestations are in Middle English brees (1460), Catalan brisa, and Italian brezza (all in 15th century), with Spanish (1504) and Portuguese briza (16th century) following closely after. The aforementioned Dutch cognates and French brise, however, are attested later than the term in English. The only internal hypothesis for any of those languages is a modification of Old Occitan bisa (“strong wind”), which is not widely accepted.
Compare also Albanian breshër (“hail”).

unk

obscure

(cricket) Wind blowing across a cricket match, whatever its strength.


main

Uncertain; probably from the adjective main. Evidence is lacking for a derivation from French main (“hand”).

My lord was hunting all day when the ſeaſon admitted; he frequented all the cockfights and fairs in the country, and would ride twenty miles to ſee a main fought, or two clowns break their heads at a cudgelling match; […]

1852, William Makepeace Thackeray, “After Good Fortune Comes Evil”, in The History of Henry Esmond, Esq. […] , volume I, London: […] Smith, Elder, & Company, […], →OCLC, page 171:

(obsolete, gaming, sports) A sporting contest or match, especially a cockfighting match.


rope

en-noun

rope (countable and uncountable, plural ropes)

→ Irish: rópa

Tok Pisin: rop

From Middle English rop, rope, from Old English rāp (“rope, cord, cable”), from Proto-West Germanic *raip, from Proto-Germanic *raipaz, *raipą (“rope, cord, band, ringlet”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁roypnós (“strap, band, rope”), from *h₁reyp- (“to peel off, tear; border, edge, strip”).
Cognates
Cognate with Scots rape, raip (“rope”), Saterland Frisian Roop (“rope”), West Frisian reap (“rope, cord”), Dutch roop, reep (“rope, cord, ring, strip, bar”), German Low German Reep (“rope”), Swedish rep (“rope”), Danish reb (“rope”), Icelandic reipi (“rope”), Albanian rrip (“belt, rope”).

der

give him enough rope and he'll hang himself

you'd complain if you were hung with a new rope

He hit a rope past third and into the corner.


monkey

en-noun

monkey (plural monkeys or (obsolete) monkies)

monkeys (plural)
monkies (obsolete plural)

→ Chukchi: маӈкы (maṇky)

→ Coeur d'Alene: moonki

→ Irish: moncaí

→ Navajo: mágí

→ Scottish Gaelic: muncaidh

→ Tumbuka: munkhwele

→ Welsh: mwnci

Uncertain. May be derived from monk + -ey (diminutive suffix), or borrowed from Middle Low German Moneke, the name of the son of Martin the Ape in Reynard the Fox (which may represent an unattested colloquial Middle Low German *moneke, *moneken), itself of uncertain origin. Possibly derived from a Romance term represented by Late Middle French monne (whence Modern French mone (“monkey”)) or earlier Old French monnekin (“monkey”), originally Monnekin, the name of a monkey in Li Dis d'Entendement. Compare also Old French and Middle French monin (“monkey”). The French terms may have been borrowed from Italian monna (“monkey”), from Old Spanish mona (“female monkey”), itself a shortening of mamona, variant of maimón, from Arabic مَيْمُون (maymūn, “baboon”)). However, Old French monnekin may alternatively be unrelated to the other terms, instead being a borrowing of Early Middle Dutch mannekin (a diminutive of a personal name or surname; hence, nickname, literally “miniature man”).

gl

whence Modern French <i class="Latn mention" lang="fr">mone</i> (“monkey”)

der

cold enough to freeze the balls off a brass monkey

you can take the monkey out of the jungle, but you can't take the jungle out of the monkey

Do the Monkey, yeah,
Do the Monkey, yeah,
Ah, twist them hips,
Let your backbone slip,
Now move your feet,
Get on the beat...

1963, Curtis Mayfield, "The Monkey Time" (video)

C'mon everybody! C'mon in!
Bobby's goin' to show you how to do the swim.
Kinda like the monkey, kinda like the twist
Pretend you're in the water and you go like this.

1964, “C'mon And Swim”, Thomas Coman and Sylvester Stewart (Sly Stone) (lyrics), performed by Bobby Freeman:

Do the monkey, do the pony / Do the slop, do the boogaloo twist.

1971, “Suicide Song”, in Loudon Wainwright III (lyrics), Album II, performed by Loudon Wainwright III:

...Used to the do the monkey
But now it's not cool...

(dance) A dance popularized by Major Lance in 1963, now usually only its upper-body dance move involving exaggerated drumming motions.


sea lion

From sea + lion, named from its marine habitat and its lion-like barking roar and mane. Compare Middle English see hound, cee-hound, se hound (“beaver”, literally “sea-hound”).

(heraldry) A monster consisting of the upper part of a lion combined with the tail of a fish (a lion marined).


wrench

en-verb

wrench (third-person singular simple present wrenches, present participle wrenching, simple past and past participle wrenched)

wrenches (present singular third-person)
wrenching (participle present)
wrenched (participle past)
wrenched (past)

From Middle English wrenchen, from Old English wrenċan, from Proto-Germanic *wrankijaną. Compare German renken.

(intransitive, fencing, obsolete) To disarm an opponent by whirling his or her blade away.


log

From Middle English logg, logge (first recorded in Anglo-Latin as loggum), of uncertain origin, but probably from Old Norse lóg, lág (“felled tree, log”), derived from Old Norse liggja (“to lie”). If so, then cognate with Norwegian låg (“fallen tree”), Dutch loog (“wood, timber, lumber”).
Alternatively, directly from Norwegian låg (“fallen tree”), which could have been borrowed through the Norwegian timber trade. However the Old Norse/Middle Norwegian vowel is long while Middle English vowel is short.

1999, Neal Miyake https://web.archive.org/web/20060530122555/http://www.iav.com/~sponge/sesh/new2/sesh213.htm
I know he hadn’t surfed on a log much in his childhood


IP

en-noun

IP (countable and uncountable, plural IPs)

(baseball, countable, invariant) Initialism of innings pitched (the statistic reporting the number of innings pitched by a pitcher.)


skid

From Middle English *skid, from Old Norse skíð (“a billet of wood, a beam or plank on which something rests”), from Proto-Germanic *skīdą (“log, clapboard”), from Proto-Indo-European *skey-t-, *skey- (“to split, divide, separate”). Cognate with English shide, from Middle English schyd, schyde, schide (“plank, beam”), German Scheit (“piece of wood, log”). Doublet of ski.

inh

losing skid


bulk

en-noun

bulk (countable and uncountable, plural bulks)

From Middle English bulk, bolke (“a heap, cargo, hold; heap; bulge”), borrowed from Old Norse búlki (“the freight or the cargo of a ship”), from Proto-Germanic *bulkô (“beam, pile, heap”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰelǵ- (“beam, pile, prop”). Compare Icelandic búlkast (“to be bulky”), Swedish dialectal bulk (“a bunch”), Danish bulk (“bump, knob”).
Conflated with Middle English bouk (“belly, trunk”).

der

(bodybuilding) Excess body mass, especially muscle.

(bodybuilding) A period where one tries to gain muscle.


pattern

From earlier patten, paterne, from Middle English patron (“patron; example”), from Old French patron, from Medieval Latin patrōnus (“patron”). Doublet of padrone, patron, and Patronus.

skemo

intelligible arrangement which has a mathematical, geometric, statistical etc. relationship

(now only numismatics) A sample; of coins, an example which was struck but never minted.

From this point those who became pupils went on to a further series of shops, usually commencing with the pattern shop. […] However, some of us did make quite reasonable patterns and had the satisfaction of seeing castings produced from them but, sad to say, many of these efforts were used as firewood after they had left the shop.

1944 November and December, A Former Pupil, “Some Memories of Crewe Works—II”, in Railway Magazine, page 341:

But instead, the distinctive ironwork and glass platform awnings have been carefully refurbished, while making them compatible with the overhead wiring. Kettering's island Platform 2/3 is especially noteworthy. Although it dates from 1879, when the station was enlarged to four platforms, the same original (1857) patterns for the delicate cast-ironwork seem to have been used - […].

2022 December 14, Robin Leleux, “A royal occasion as heritage projects honoured: Kettering”, in RAIL, number 972, page 56:

(metalworking, dated) A full-sized model around which a mould of sand is made, to receive the melted metal. It is usually made of wood and in several parts, so as to be removed from the mould without damage.


pattern

en-verb

pattern (third-person singular simple present patterns, present participle patterning, simple past and past participle patterned)

patterns (present singular third-person)
patterning (participle present)
patterned (participle past)
patterned (past)

(hunting, transitive) To observe an animal closely over time in order to discern its habitual movements and behaviours.


flag

flag (third-person singular simple present flags, present participle flagging, simple past and past participle flagged)

flags (present singular third-person)
flagging (participle present)
flagged (participle past)
flagged (past)

From Middle English flag, flagge (“flag”), further etymology uncertain. Perhaps from or related to early Middle English flage (name for a baby's garment) and Old English flagg, flacg (“cataplasm, poultice, plaster”). Or, perhaps ultimately imitative, or otherwise drawn from Proto-Germanic *flaką (“something flat”), from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₂- (“flat, broad, plain”), referring to the shape.
Germanic cognates include Saterland Frisian Flaage (“flag”), West Frisian flagge (“flag”), Dutch vlag (“flag”), German Flagge (“flag”), Swedish flagga (“flag”), Danish flag (“flag, ship's flag”). Compare also Middle English flacken (“to flutter, palpitate”), Swedish dialectal flage (“to flutter in the wind”), Old Norse flögra (“to flap about”). Akin to Old High German flogarōn (“to flutter”), Old High German flogezen (“to flutter, flicker”), Middle English flakeren (“to move quickly to and fro”), Old English flacor (“fluttering, flying”). More at flack, flacker.

onomatopoeic

imitative

cog

The defender was flagged for unsportsmanlike conduct.


topo

(climbing) A map or sketch of a climbing route or area.


insistence

en-noun

insistence (countable and uncountable, plural insistences)

From Middle English insistence, derived from Old French insister (“to insist”). Compare Middle French insistance.
Morphologically insist + -ence.

(fencing) The forcing of an attack through the parry, using strength.


basilisk

From Middle English basilicke, borrowed from Old French basilique, from Latin basiliscus, from Ancient Greek βασιλίσκος (basilískos) (literally "minor king or chieftain", possibly based on descriptions or rare encounters with different types of cobra which have crown-like patterns on their head; the "deadly gaze" could have been from the spitting cobra's ability to spit venom into the eyes of predators or prey from a distance), from βασιλεύς (basileús, “king”). The cognitohazard/infohazard sense is by analogy with the deadly gaze of the mythical creature.

(heraldry) A type of dragon used in heraldry.


keystone

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-keystone.wav

From key + stone.
Definition 4 (retail) possibly originated in the jewelry industry in the magazine called "Jewelers' Circular-Keystone".

(baseball) The combination of the shortstop and second baseman.


row

From Middle English rowen (“to row”), from Old English rōwan (“to row”), from Proto-Germanic *rōaną (“to row”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁reh₁- (“to row”). Compare West Frisian roeie, Dutch roeien, Danish ro. More at rudder. Related to Russia.

(weightlifting) An exercise performed with a pulling motion of the arms towards the back.


independent

(sports) A team not affiliated with any league or conference.


fair

en-adj

fair (comparative fairer, superlative fairest)

fairer (comparative)
fairest (superlative)

→ German: fair

→ Macedonian: фер (fer)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: фер

Latin script: fer

From Middle English fayr, feir, fager, from Old English fæġer (“beautiful”), from Proto-West Germanic *fagr, from Proto-Germanic *fagraz (“suitable, fitting, nice”), from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂ḱ- (“to fasten, place”).
Cognate with Scots fayr, fare (“fair”), Danish feir, faver, fager (“fair, pretty”), Norwegian fager (“fair, pretty”), Swedish fager (“fair, pretty”), Icelandic fagur (“beautiful, fair”), Umbrian pacer (“gracious, merciful, kind”), Slovak pekný (“good-looking, handsome, nice”). See also peace.

cog

(rugby, of a catch) Taken direct from an opponent's foot, without the ball touching the ground or another player.

(cricket, of a ball delivered by the bowler) Not a no ball.


crimp

From Middle English crimpen (“to be contracted, be drawn together”), from Middle Dutch crimpen, crempen (“to crimp”), from Proto-Germanic *krimpaną (“to shrink, draw back”) (compare related Old English ġecrympan (“to curl”)). Cognate with Dutch krimpen, German Low German krimpen, Faroese kreppa (“crisis”), and Icelandic kreppa (“to bend tightly, clench”). Compare also derivative Middle English crymplen (“to wrinkle”) and causative crempen (“to turn something back, restrain”, literally “to cause to shrink or draw back”), both ultimately derived from the same root. See also cramp.

cog

(climbing) A small hold with little surface area.


crimp

en-verb

crimp (third-person singular simple present crimps, present participle crimping, simple past and past participle crimped)

crimps (present singular third-person)
crimping (participle present)
crimped (participle past)
crimped (past)


iso

en-noun

iso (countable and uncountable, plural isos)

“I can remember lining up against them and saying, ‘This is the 15th iso that you’re going to get.’ ”

2007 January 5, Pete Thamel, quoting Greg Mattison, “Scoreboard Shows This Isn't the Same Old Ohio State”, in New York Times:

(American football, basketball) An isolation play in basketball or American football.


lattice

→ Japanese: ラティス (ratisu)

From Middle English latis, from Middle French lattis (“lathing”), from Old French lattis, from latte (“a lath”), from Frankish *lattā, *lattu (“a lath”), from Proto-Germanic *lattǭ, *lattō, *laþþō (“board; plank; ledge”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)latn-, *(s)lat- (“beam; log”). Cognate with Old High German latta (“lath”), (German Latte), Old English lætt (“lath”), Middle Low German lāde (“plank, counter, sales counter”), German Laden (“shop”). More at lath.

cog

(heraldry) A bearing with vertical and horizontal bands that cross each other.


Eskimo

en-noun

Eskimo (plural Eskimo or Eskimos or Eskimoes)

Eskimo (plural)
Eskimos (plural)
Eskimoes (plural)

Attested since 1584, ultimately from an Old Montagnais term. Ives Goddard's theory, accepted by most linguists today, is that it derives from Montagnais ayaškimew (“snowshoe-netter”). An older theory, defended by John Steckley due to its greater acceptance in Native oral traditions, but discredited by linguists, is that it derives from a term meaning "eater(s) of raw meat".
Details.
* The theory most accepted among linguists today is that it derives from ayaškimew (“snowshoe-netter”) (compare Montagnais assime·w (“she laces a snowshoe”), Ojibwe ashkime (“s/he nets snowshoes”)), a term applied to the Mi'kmaq and apparently later transferred to the Labrador Inuit.
* An older theory derives it from a term meaning "eaters of raw meat"; compare Cree askamiciw (“s/he eats it raw”) (Inuit are referred to in some Cree texts as askipiw, "eats something raw"). John Steckley argues in favor of this theory because of its greater acceptance in native oral traditions, and because the Huron, historical allies and trading partners of the Montagnais who loan-translated many names, also denote the Inuit using terms (e.g. Lorette Huron ok8ch iechronnon, Wyandot ok8chtronnon, both including -ok8ch- "to be raw") meaning "people of the raw", "people who eat something raw".
In 1978, Montagnais-speaking Quebec anthropologist Jose Mailhot alternatively suggested Eskimo meant "people who speak a different language", but Steckley considers her theory unlikely.
The term may have entered English via Spanish esquimao, esquimal (used by Basque fishermen in Labrador).

cog

(Canadian football, historical) A team member of the Canadian Football League's Edmonton Eskimos. (Obsolete as of 2020 with the team dropping this name in favour of Elks in 2021.)


rob

en-verb

rob (third-person singular simple present robs, present participle robbing, simple past and past participle robbed)

robs (present singular third-person)
robbing (participle present)
robbed (participle past)
robbed (past)

From Middle English robben, from Anglo-Norman robber, from Late Latin raubāre, from Frankish *raubōn (compare Dutch roven) and Old High German roubōn, raubōn (“to rob, steal, plunder”), from Proto-Germanic *raubōną. Doublet of reave.

Kevin Mirallas then robbed Bacary Sagna to run into the area and draw another save from Szczesny as the Gunners held on to lead at the break.

2011 September 28, Tom Rostance, “Arsenal 2-1 Olympiakos”, in BBC Sport:

(sports) To take possession of the ball, puck etc. from.


double

PIE word
 *dwóh₁
From Middle English double, from Old French doble, double, from Latin duplus (“twofold”). Doublet of doppio and duple.

The catcher hit a double to lead off the ninth.

Brecel fired in doubles, a succession of stunning long pots and seemingly cleared balls at will as he rattled through the first four frames in under an hour.

2023 May 1, Steve Sutcliffe, “World Snooker Championship 2023 final: Luca Brecel beats Mark Selby for first world title”, in BBC Sport:

(billiards, snooker) A strike in which the object ball is struck so as to make it rebound against the cushion to an opposite pocket.

(soccer) Two competitions, usually one league and one cup, won by the same team in a single season.

DJ Campbell grabbed a second-half double as Blackpool made Sunderland pay for a host of missed chances to secure a fifth away league win of the season.

2010 December 28, Owen Phillips, “Sunderland 0 - 2 Blackpool”, in BBC:

(sports) The feat of scoring twice in one game.

In 1996, Michael Johnson achieved a double by winning both the 200 and 400 meter dashes.

(sports, chiefly swimming and track) The feat of winning two events in a single meet or competition.


double

double (third-person singular simple present doubles, present participle doubling, simple past and past participle doubled)

doubles (present singular third-person)
doubling (participle present)
doubled (participle past)
doubled (past)

The batter doubled into the corner.

(billiards, snooker, pool) To cause (a ball) to rebound from a cushion before entering the pocket.


guard

From Middle English garde, from early Middle French or late Old French guarde (“a guardian, warden, keeper”) (whence modern French garde), from the verb guarder. Doublet of garda, which is from Irish.

der

(basketball) A relatively short player, playing farther from the basket than a forward or centre.

(cricket) The position on the popping crease where a batsman makes a mark to align himself with the wicket; see take guard.

(American football) Either of two offensive positions between the centre and each of the offensive tackles, whose main responsibilities are to protect the quarterback, and open up "holes" through which offensive players can run.

(martial arts) A ground grappling position in which one combatant has their back to the ground while attempting to control the other combatant using their legs.

(sports) A player playing a position named guard.


tube

From Middle French tube, from Latin tubus (“tube, pipe”), related to tuba (“long trumpet; war-trumpet”), of obscure ultimate origin, but possibly connected to tībia (“shinbone, reed-pipe”), see there.

you can't put the toothpaste back in the tube

you can't put the toothpaste back into the tube

(surfing) A wave which pitches forward when breaking, creating a hollow space inside.


horn

en-noun

horn (countable and uncountable, plural horns)

From Middle English horn, horne, from Old English horn, from Proto-West Germanic *horn, from Proto-Germanic *hurną. Compare West Frisian hoarn, Dutch hoorn, Low German Hoorn, horn, German Horn, Danish and Swedish horn, Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽 (haurn).
Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱr̥h₂-nó-m, from *ḱerh₂- (“head, horn”). Compare Breton kern (“horn”), Latin cornū, Ancient Greek κέρας (kéras), Proto-Slavic *sьrna, Old Church Slavonic сьрна (sĭrna, “roedeer”), Hittite [script needed] (surna, “horn”), Persian سر (sar), Sanskrit शृङ्ग (śṛṅga, “horn”).
(telephone): From the horn-shaped earpieces of old communication systems that used air tubes.

cog

The shot was after the horn and therefore did not count.

(chiefly sports) A sound signaling the expiration of time.


deny

en-verb

deny (third-person singular simple present denies, present participle denying, simple past and past participle denied)

denies (present singular third-person)
denying (participle present)
denied (participle past)
denied (past)
deny (infinitive)

confirm

antonym(s) of “assert something is true”

From Middle English denyen, from Old French denoier (“to deny, to repudiate”) (French dénier), from Latin denegare (“to deny, to refuse”), from de- (“away”) and negare (“to refuse”), the latter ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ne (“no, not”). Doublet of denegate.

der

Another Karadeniz cross led to Cudicini's first save of the night, with the Spurs keeper making up for a weak punch by brilliantly pushing away Christian Noboa's snap-shot.
Two more top-class stops followed quickly afterwards, first from Natcho's rasping shot which was heading into the top corner, and then to deny Ryazantsev at his near post.

2011 November 3, Chris Bevan, “Rubin Kazan 1 - 0 Tottenham”, in BBC Sport:

(sports, transitive) To prevent from scoring.


rouge

en-noun

rouge (countable and uncountable, plural rouges)

Borrowed from French rouge, from Latin rubeus. Compare rare Middle English rouge, rouȝ (“red”); later borrowed again, as it is not attested until c. 1750. The game senses are of unknown origin according to the Oxford English Dictionary.

(Canadian football) A single point awarded when a team kicks the ball out of its opponent's end zone, or when a kicked ball becomes dead within the non-kicking team's end zone. Etymology uncertain; it is thought that in the early years of the sport, a red flag indicated that a single had been scored.


joey

From Joseph Grimaldi (1778–1837), a popular English entertainer.


steward

From Middle English steward, stiward, from Old English stīweard, stiġweard (“steward, housekeeper, one who has the superintendence of household affairs, guardian”), from stiġ (“a wooden enclosure; house, hall”) + weard (“ward, guard, guardian, keeper”), equivalent to sty + ward. Compare Icelandic stívarður (“steward”). More at sty, ward.

управител

any administrator of the property or affairs of another

(motor racing) Person responsible for the arbitration of incidents at a motor racing event and whether or not fines/penalties should be issued for such incidents.


sheet

From Middle English schete; partly from Old English sċīete (“a sheet, a piece of linen cloth”); partly from Old English sċēata (“a corner, angle; the lower corner of a sail, sheet”); and Old English sċēat (“a corner, angle”); all from Proto-Germanic *skautijǭ, *skautaz (“corner, wedge, lap”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewd- (“to throw, shoot, pursue, rush”).
Cognate with North Frisian skut (“the fold of a garment, lap, coattail”), West Frisian skoat (“sheet; sail; lap”), Dutch schoot (“the fold of a garment, lap, sheet”), German Low German Schote (“a line from the foot of a sail”), German Schoß (“the fold of a garment, lap”), Swedish sköt (“sheet”), Icelandic skaut (“the corner of a cloth, a line from the foot of a sail, the skirt or sleeve of a garment, a hood”).

cog

(curling) The area of ice on which the game of curling is played.


qualify

en-verb

qualify (third-person singular simple present qualifies, present participle qualifying, simple past and past participle qualified)

qualifies (present singular third-person)
qualifying (participle present)
qualified (participle past)
qualified (past)

Borrowed from Middle French qualifier (“to qualify”). Equivalent to quality + -fy.

bor+

to qualify seven balls you need at least fourteen catches

(juggling) To throw and catch each object at least twice.


qualify

(juggling) An instance of throwing and catching each prop at least twice.


cannon

en-noun

cannon (countable and uncountable, plural cannons or (mainly UK) cannon)

cannons (plural)
cannon (UK mainly plural)

Attested from around 1400 as Middle English canon, canoun, from Old French canon, from Italian cannone, from Latin canna, from Ancient Greek κάννα (kánna, “reed”), from Akkadian 𒄀 (qanû, “reed”), from Sumerian 𒄀𒈾 (gi.na). Doublet of canyon.
This spelling was not fixed until about 1800.

In English billiards, a cannon is when one’s cue ball strikes the other player’s cue ball and the red ball on the same shot; and it is worth two points.

(sports, billiards, snooker, pool) A carom.

He’s got a cannon out in right.

(baseball, figuratively, informal) The arm of a player who can throw well.


cannon

en-verb

cannon (third-person singular simple present cannons, present participle cannoning, simple past and past participle cannoned)

cannons (present singular third-person)
cannoning (participle present)
cannoned (participle past)
cannoned (past)

The white cannoned off the red onto the pink.

(sports, billiards, snooker, pool) To play the carom billiard shot; to strike two balls with the cue ball.


job

job (third-person singular simple present jobs, present participle jobbing, simple past and past participle jobbed)

jobs (present singular third-person)
jobbing (participle present)
jobbed (participle past)
jobbed (past)

From the phrase jobbe of work (“piece of work”), of uncertain origin. Perhaps from a variant of Middle English gobbe (“mass, lump”); or perhaps related to Middle English jobben (“to jab, thrust, peck”), or Middle English choppe (“piece, bargain”). More at gob, jab, chop.

der

(intransitive, professional wrestling slang) To take the loss, usually in a demeaning or submissive manner.


batsman

batswoman

batsman; when is treated as both male and female

(cricket) A player of the batting side now on the field.

battitore

cricket: player of the batting side on the field

The batsman, Kathryn Leng, (who has played for quite a few years for England) asked the umpire dumbfounded if Charlie was going to bowl with a helmet on.

2001 June 19, Julia Price, “Julia's Ashes Diary 2001”, in Women's Cricket in Australia -Ashes Tour 2001, southernstars.org, archived from the original on 2015-03-22:

(cricket) The player now receiving strike; the striker.

(cricket) Any player selected for his or her team principally to bat, as opposed to a bowler.

lyöjä

cricket: player principally selected to bat


sinister

en-adj

sinister (comparative more sinister, superlative most sinister)

more sinister (comparative)
most sinister (superlative)

From Middle English sinistre (“unlucky”), from Old French senestre, sinistre (“left”), from Latin sinister (“left hand”).

(heraldry) On the left side of a shield from the wearer's standpoint, and the right side to the viewer.


entire

en-noun

entire (countable and uncountable, plural entires)

From Middle English entere, enter, borrowed from Anglo-Norman entier, from Latin integrum, accusative of integer, from in- (“not”) + tangō (“touch”). Doublet of integer.

(philately) A complete envelope with stamps and all official markings: (prior to the use of envelopes) a page folded and posted.


buck

From Middle English bukke, bucke, buc, from Old English buc, bucc, bucca (“he-goat, stag”), from Proto-West Germanic *bukk, *bukkō, from Proto-Germanic *bukkaz, *bukkô (“buck”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuǵ- (“ram”). Doublet of puck (billy goat).
Currency-related senses hail from American English, a clipping of buckskin as a unit of trade among Indians and Europeans in frontier days (attested from 1748).
The idea of rigidly standing implements is instilled by Dutch bok (“sawhorse”) as in zaagbok (“sawbuck”).
The sense of an object indicating someone’s turn then occurred in American English, possibly originating from the game poker, where a knife (typically with a hilt made from a stag horn) was used as a place-marker to signify whose turn it was to deal. The place-marker was commonly referred to as a buck, which reinforced the term “pass the buck” used in poker, and eventually a silver dollar was used in place of a knife, which also led to a dollar being referred to as a buck.

(African-American Vernacular, dated, dance) Synonym of buck dance.


poke

From Middle English poken, perhaps from Middle Dutch poken or Middle Low German poken, both from Proto-West Germanic *pukōn or similar, which is itself of uncertain origin, but may be from an imitative Proto-Germanic root *puk-. Doublet of poach.

onomatopoeic

imitative

better than a poke in the eye with a burnt stick

better than a poke in the eye with a rusty nail

better than a poke in the eye with a sharp stick

better than a poke in the eye with a shitty stick

(baseball, slang) A hit, especially an extra base hit.


sabre

Borrowed from French sabre, from German Säbel, from Polish szabla, from Hungarian szablya. Cognate with Danish sabel, Russian са́бля (sáblja), Serbo-Croatian сабља, Sicilian sciàbbula.

(British spelling, Canadian spelling, fencing) A modern fencing sword modeled after the sabre.


kip

(gymnastics) A basic skill or maneuver in artistic gymnastics on the uneven bars, parallel bars, high bar and still rings used, for example, as a way of mounting the bar in a front support position, or achieving a handstand from a hanging position. In its basic form, the legs are swung forward and upward by bending the hips, then suddenly down again, which gives the upward impulse to the body.

kippi

gymnastics: move or maneuver from below the equipment to above it


kip

en-verb

kip (third-person singular simple present kips, present participle kipping, simple past and past participle kipped)

kips (present singular third-person)
kipping (participle present)
kipped (participle past)
kipped (past)

(gymnastics, intransitive) To perform the kip maneuver.


conversation

en-noun

conversation (countable and uncountable, plural conversations)

[ˌkʰɒɱ.vəˈseɪ.ʃn̩]

[ˌkʰɑɱ.vɚˈseɪ.ʃn̩]

From Middle English conversacioun, from Old French conversacion and its etymon, Latin conversātiōnem, accusative singular of conversātiō (“conversation”), from conversor (“abide, keep company with”).
Morphologically converse + -ation.

(fencing) The back-and-forth play of the blades in a bout.


basketball

basketball (countable and uncountable, plural basketballs)

→ Catalan: basquetbol

→ Cebuano: basketbol

→ Crimean Tatar: basketbol

→ Czech: basketbal

→ French: basket-ball

→ Danish: basketball

→ Dutch: basketbal

→ German: Basketball

desc

μπάσκετ-μπολ

→ Greek: μπάσκετ-μπολ (básket-bol)

→ Japanese: バスケットボール (basukettobōru)

→ Luxembourgish: Basketball

Norwegian:

→ Norwegian Bokmål: basketball

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: basketball

→ Persian: بسکتبال (basketbâl)

→ Portuguese: basquetebol

→ Russian: баскетбо́л (basketból) (see there for further descendants)

→ Spanish: básquetbol

→ Tagalog: básketból

→ Thai: บาสเกตบอล (báas-gét-bɔl)

→ Turkish: basketbol

→ Yiddish: באַסקעטבאָל (basketbol)

ܐܸܣܦܹܝܪ ܣܵܠܵܐ

→ Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܐܸܣܦܹܝܪ ܣܵܠܵܐ (ispēr sālā) (calque)

→ Asturian: baloncestu (calque)

→ Basque: saskibaloi (calque)

Chinese:

→ Mandarin: 籃球／篮球 (lánqiú), 篮球 (lánqiú) (calque)

→ Estonian: korvpall (calque)

→ Faroese: kurvabóltur (calque)

→ Finnish: koripallo (calque)

→ Galician: baloncesto (calque)

כַּדּוּרְסַל

→ Hebrew: כַּדּוּרְסַל (calque)

→ Hungarian: kosárlabda (calque)

→ Icelandic: körfubolti (calque)

→ Italian: pallacanestro (calque)

→ Japanese: 籠球 (calque)

→ Korean: 농구(籠球) (nonggu) (calque)

→ Scottish Gaelic: ball-basgaid (calque)

→ Spanish: baloncesto (calque)

→ Swahili: mpira wa kikapu (calque)

→ Turkish: sepettopu (calque)

→ Venetian: bałacanestro (calque)

→ Vietnamese: bóng rổ (calque)

→ Yiddish: קוישבאָל (koyshbol) (calque)

ബാസ്ക്കറ്റ്ബോള്

bāskkaṟṟbōḷŭ

to play basketball

(sports, uncountable) A sport in which two opposing teams of five players strive to put a ball through a hoop.


underwater

/ʌndɚˈwɔtəɹ/

Practically all wobbling underwaters will take fish aplenty in the hands of a man who really knows how to put them through their stints.

1923, Sheridan R. Jones, Bait Casting: The Short Rod and How to Use It, page 57:

(fishing) A type of lure which lies beneath the water surface.


draft

en-noun

draft (countable and uncountable, plural drafts)

A phonetic spelling of draught (compare laughter), from Middle English draught, draght (“that which is pulled; that which is drawn up, a design”), from Old English *dreaht, *dræht, from Proto-West Germanic *drahti, *drahtu, from Proto-Germanic *drahtuz (“a pulling, drawing”), equivalent to draw (“to draw, drag”) + -t. Cognate with Dutch dracht, German Tracht, Icelandic dráttur.

draught

British spelling of many senses, but not all

(sports, US) A system of assigning rookie players to professional sports teams.


draft

en-verb

draft (third-person singular simple present drafts, present participle drafting, simple past and past participle drafted)

drafts (present singular third-person)
drafting (participle present)
drafted (participle past)
drafted (past)

After his last year of college football, he was drafted by the Miami Dolphins.

(transitive, sports, US) To select a rookie player onto a professional sports team.


three-point line

en-noun

three-point line (plural three-point lines)

(basketball) An arc on the floor of a basketball court beyond which a successful shot is worth three points.


three-point shot

three-point shot (plural three-point shots)

(basketball) A shot attempted from beyond the three-point line.


free-throw line

free-throw line (plural free-throw lines)

(basketball) A line parallel to the baseline, fifteen feet from the plane of the backboard, from behind which a free throw may be taken.


March Madness

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-March Madness.wav

From the month of March, during which most of the tournament matches take place. The "madness" part is probably an allusion to the phrase mad as a March hare.

(basketball, US) The NCAA Division I basketball championship tournaments.


shooting guard

(basketball) A guard who is usually the taller of the two guard positions, and sometimes specializes in shooting from outside, particular from beyond the three-point line.


point guard

Many current NBA coaches are former point guards.

(basketball) A guard who is usually the shortest of the five basketball positions, and specializes in handling the ball, distributing it to the other players and generally running the team's offense.


Final Four

(basketball, US, informal) The four regional champions of the NCAA Division I tournament, one of whom will become the national champion.

(basketball, US, informal) The final two rounds of the NCAA Division I tournament.

These two teams have an amazing number of Final Fours between them.

(basketball, US, informal) An appearance in the Final Four.

(basketball, Europe) The final round of the continent-wide Euroleague club basketball competition, featuring four teams with one becoming champion.

(sports, Philippines, informal) The semifinal round, or an appearance in it generally.


free throw

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-free throw.wav

(basketball) A shot, worth one point, taken from the free-throw line and without opposition.


peg

From Middle English pegge, from Middle Dutch pegge (“pin, peg”), from Old Dutch *pigg-, *pegg-, from Proto-Germanic *pig-, *pag- (“peg, stake”), from Proto-Indo-European *bak-, *baḱ- (“club, pointed stick, peg”). Cognate with Dutch dialectal peg (“pin”), Low German pig, pigge (“peg, stick with a point”), Low German pegel (“post, stake”), Swedish pigg (“tooth, spike”), Danish pig (“spike”), Norwegian Bokmål pigg (“spike”), Irish bac (“stick, crook”), Latin baculum (“staff”), Latvian bakstît (“to poke”), Ancient Greek βάκτρον (báktron, “staff, walking stick”). Related to beak.
This is one of the very few English words that begin with a p and come from Proto-Germanic. Proto-Germanic *p, when not in a consonant cluster beginning with *s, developed by Grimm's law from the Proto-Indo-European consonant *b, which was very rare.
(To indicate or ascribe an attribute to):: Assumed to originate from the use of pegs or pins as markers on a bulletin board or a list.

sense

Lindy hit the pegs with five deliveries out of six.

1961, Colin McCool, Cricket is a Game, page 123:


leger

en-verb

leger (third-person singular simple present legers, present participle legering, simple past and past participle legered)

legers (present singular third-person)
legering (participle present)
legered (participle past)
legered (past)

/ˈlɛd͡ʒə(ɹ)/

Night-lines are made of water-cord, with the hooks about half-a-yard apart, baited with worms, loach, gudgeons, &c.; a brick is fastened to each end of the line to sink it, or a peg at one end and a brick at the other, and laid obliquely across the stream. They are also often taken when Legering for Barbel, […]

1864, “Otter” [pseudonym; H. Jervis Alfred], “Eel, Lamprey and Lampern”, in The Modern Angler, Containing Instructions in the Art of Fly-fishing, Spining and Bottom-fishing, […], London: Alfred & Son, […], →OCLC, part I, page 68:

Messrs. E. Frost and Tomkins, at Monkey Island, in two days, caught 80 lbs. weight of chub, dace, and roach with the fly and cheese paste, and in legering a trout of 2¼ lbs.

1878, “The Fishing Season”, in Once a Week, volume VIII (Fourth Series), London: Published at the offices, 19, Tavistock Street, W.C., →OCLC, page 95, column 1:

The added advantage of legering a small bait rather than freelining one is that you can tighten up harder to the bait and so spot runs earlier.

1997, Paul Gustafson, “Rigs”, in How to Catch Bigger Pike from Rivers, Lochs and Lakes, London: Collins Willow, HarperCollins Publishers, →ISBN; republished as How to Catch Big Pike: All the Insight and Technique You Need to Catch Bigger Pike, whatever the Location, London: Robinson, an imprint of Little, Brown Book Group, 2016, →ISBN, page 160:

The flounder spends its life between the tideline and the 25 to 30 fathoms mark, but they are often caught several miles upstream in freshwater rivers by anglers legering worms or gentles.

1998, Martin James, “Flounder”, in Paul Morgan, editor, Saltwater Flyfishing: Britain and Northern Europe, Machynlleth, Powys: Coch-y-Bonddu Books, published 2006, →ISBN, page 156:

(transitive, intransitive, British, fishing) Alternative form of ledger (“to use (a certain type of bait) in bottom fishing; to engage in bottom fishing”)


develop

develop (third-person singular simple present develops, present participle developing, simple past and past participle developed or (archaic, rare) developt)

develops (present singular third-person)
developing (participle present)
developed (participle past)
developed (past)
developt (archaic participle past rare)
developt (archaic past rare)

Borrowed from French développer, from Middle French desveloper, from Old French desveloper, from des- + voloper, veloper, vloper (“to wrap, wrap up”) (compare Italian sviluppare, Old Italian alternative form goluppare (“to wrap”)) from Vulgar Latin *vloppō, *wloppō (“to wrap”) ultimately from Proto-Germanic *wrappaną, *wlappaną (“to wrap, roll up, turn, wind”), from Proto-Indo-European *werb- (“to turn, bend”) http://www.wordnik.com/words/envelop. Akin to Middle English wlappen (“to wrap, fold”) (Modern English lap (“to wrap, involve, fold”)), Middle English wrappen (“to wrap”), Middle Dutch lappen (“to wrap up, embrace”), dialectal Danish vravle (“to wind, twist”), Middle Low German wrempen (“to wrinkle, scrunch, distort”), Old English wearp (“warp”). The word acquired its modern meaning from the 17th-century belief that an egg contains the animal in miniature and matures by growing larger and shedding its envelopes.

cog

(snooker, pool) To cause a ball to become more open and available to be played on later. Usually by moving it away from the cushion, or by opening a pack.


ton

→ Tokelauan: tone, tane

Variant of tun (“cask”), influenced by Old French tonne (“ton”).

ton

various units of mass notionally equivalent to a tun

(colloquial, chiefly UK) Synonym of hundred, particularly

Synonym of hundred, particularly
100 points.

Synonym of hundred, particularly
100 runs.


hop

From Middle English hoppen, from Old English hoppian (“to hop, spring, leap, dance”), from Proto-Germanic *huppōną (“to hop”), from Proto-Indo-European *kewb- (“to bend, bow”). Cognate with Dutch hoppen (“to hop”), German hopfen, hoppen (“to hop”), Swedish hoppa (“to hop, leap, jump”), Icelandic hoppa (“to hop, skip”).

der

(sports, US) A bounce, especially from the ground, of a thrown or batted ball.


backboard

(basketball) The flat vertical surface to which the basket is attached.

(tennis) A flat vertical wall with the image of a tennis net drawn or painted on it, designed to practice hitting against such that the ball rebounds.


development

en-noun

development (countable and uncountable, plural developments)

From French développement, from Old French desvelopemens (“unrolling”). By surface analysis, develop + -ment. First attested in 1756.

I sent the film to a specialist lab for development.

(photography) The processing of photographic film so as to bring out the images latent in it.


destroy

en-verb

destroy (third-person singular simple present destroys, present participle destroying, simple past and past participle destroyed)

destroys (present singular third-person)
destroying (participle present)
destroyed (participle past)
destroyed (past)

From Middle English destroyen, from Old French destruire, Vulgar Latin *destrugō, from Classical Latin dēstruō, from dē- (“un-, de-”) + struō (“I build”).

This exercise is going to destroy all parts of your shoulders.

(transitive, bodybuilding, slang, antiphrasis) To exhaust completely and thus recreate or build up.


toss

From Middle English tossen (“to buffet about, agitate, toss; to sift or winnow”), of uncertain origin. Perhaps from Old Norse (compare dialectal Norwegian tossa, dialectal Swedish tossa (“to strew, spread”)), or perhaps from an alteration of Middle English tosen (“to tease, pull apart, shred; to wound, injure”). Compare also Dutch tassen (“to pile or heap up, stack”).
The Welsh tos (“a quick jerk”) and tosio (“to jerk, toss”) are probably borrowed from the English.

cog

(cricket, soccer) The coin toss before a cricket match in order to decide who bats first, or before a football match in order to decide the direction of play.


toss

en-verb

toss (third-person singular simple present tosses, present participle tossing, simple past and past participle tossed or (obsolete) tost)

tosses (present singular third-person)
tossing (participle present)
tossed (participle past)
tossed (past)
tost (obsolete participle past)
tost (obsolete past)

(rowing) To peak (the oars), to lift them from the rowlocks and hold them perpendicularly, the handle resting on the bottom of the boat.


battery

en-noun

battery (countable and uncountable, plural batteries)

Korean: 배터리 (baeteori)

Borrowed from Middle French batterie, from Old French baterie (“action of beating”), from batre (“battre”), from Latin battuō (“beat”), from Gaulish. Doublet of batterie.

der

(baseball) The catcher and the pitcher together


squeeze

en-verb

squeeze (third-person singular simple present squeezes, present participle squeezing, simple past squeezed or (nonstandard) squoze, past participle squeezed or (nonstandard) squozen)

squeezes (present singular third-person)
squeezing (participle present)
squeezed (past)
squoze (nonstandard past)
squeezed (participle past)
squozen (nonstandard participle past)

From earlier squize, squise (whence also dialectal English squizzen and squeege), first attested around 1600, further origin uncertain; probably an alteration of quease (which is attested since 1550), from Middle English queisen (“to squeeze”), from Old English cwēsan, cwȳsan (“to crush, squeeze”), itself also of unknown origin, perhaps imitative (compare Swedish qväsa, kväsa (“to squeeze, bruise, crush; quell”), Dutch kwetsen (“to injure, hurt”), German quetschen (“to squeeze”)). Or, a blend of obsolete squiss (“to squeeze”) (whence also squash and squish) with quease. Compare also French esquicher from Old Occitan esquichar (“to press, squeeze”).
The slang expression "to put the squeeze on (someone or something)", meaning "to exert influence", is from 1711. The baseball term "squeeze play" is first recorded 1905. "Main squeeze" ("most important person") is attested from 1896, the specific meaning "one's sweetheart, lover" is attested in 1970s.
The nonstandard strong forms squoze and squozen, attested dialectally since at least the mid-19th century, are by analogy with freeze.

cog

Jones squeezed in Smith with a perfect bunt.

(transitive, baseball) To attempt to score a runner from third by bunting.

ճզմրտուք

baseball: to attempt to score a runner from third by bunting


squeeze

The game ended in exciting fashion with a failed squeeze.

(baseball) The act of bunting in an attempt to score a runner from third.

スクイズ

baseball: the act of bunting in an attempt to score a runner from third

It was a tight squeeze, but I got through to the next section of the cave.

The most notorious squeezes have names: the Gun Barrel, Jam Crack, the Electric Armpit Crawl, Devil's Pinch.

2003, Barbara Hurd, “The Squeeze”, in Entering the Stone: On Caves and Feeling through the Dark, Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin Company, →ISBN, page 11:

Prior to going back out to Mystery Cave again we spent a lot of time preparing. We made a squeeze box, which is a wooden box the opening of which can be adjusted in size. We could then crawl through the opening and measure to see how tight of a squeeze we could fit through.

2016, Diego Rodriguez, The Caver: Dig ... But Not to Far, Munich: BookRix, →ISBN:

(caving) A traversal of a narrow passage.


bout

From Middle English bught, probably from Old English *buht (“bend, turn”), an unrecorded variant of Old English byht (“a bend, curve”), from Proto-West Germanic *buhti, from Proto-Germanic *buhtiz (“a bend”). Doublet of bight and bought.

An Italian boxer abandoned her bout at the Paris Olympics after only 46 seconds on Thursday, refusing to continue after taking a heavy punch from an Algerian opponent who had been disqualified from last year’s world championships over questions about her eligibility to compete in women’s sports.

2024 August 1, Tariq Panja, Jeré Longman, “Italian Boxer Quits Bout, Sparking Furor Over Gender at Olympics”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

(fencing) An assault (a fencing encounter) at which the score is kept.


decision

en-noun

decision (countable and uncountable, plural decisions)

From Middle French, from Latin dēcīsiō, dēcīsiōnis, from dēcīdō (“to decide”).

(baseball) A win or a loss awarded to a pitcher.


decision

en-verb

decision (third-person singular simple present decisions, present participle decisioning, simple past and past participle decisioned)

decisions (present singular third-person)
decisioning (participle present)
decisioned (participle past)
decisioned (past)

(boxing) To defeat an opponent by a decision of the judges, rather than by a knockout


sauce

en-noun

sauce (countable and uncountable, plural sauces)

→ Japanese: ソース

→ Scottish Gaelic: sabhs

From Middle English sauce, from Old French sause, from Vulgar Latin *salsa, noun use of the feminine of Latin salsus (“salted”), past participle of saliō (“I salt”), from sal. Doublet of salsa.

source (non-rhotic, horse–hoarse merger)

what's sauce for the goose is sauce for the gander


manu

For those that don't know what a manu is, you've got your standard bomb, which everyone does, where you curl up and enter the water feet first. But a manu is when you are in a v-shape and essentially your tailbone or lower back enters the water first while you hold that v-shape.

2013 February 22, Elisha Rolleston, “Best water bombs: Nothin' but manus”, in Stuff:

An area of the outdoor pool at Whakatāne Aquatic Centre has been set aside for manus (bombing) after a nine-year-old boy nearly drowned last month.

2022 February 23, Diane McCarthy, “Special space allocated for manus after near drowning”, in RNZ, archived from the original on 2022-02-23:

(New Zealand, diving) A method of diving similar to a cannonball/bomb but with the lower back entering the water first, causing a large splash.


squeegee

Probably from squeege, an intensified form of squeeze. Compare earlier squill-gee, squillgee.

скребо́к

с рези́новой наса́дкой

A roller used to similar effect, particularly

(photography) A tool used to remove excess moisture from a print.


lid

From Middle English lid, lyd, from Old English hlid, from Proto-West Germanic *hlid, from Proto-Germanic *hlidą (compare Dutch lid, German Lid (“eyelid”), Swedish lid (“gate”)), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱlitós (“covered”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱley- (“to cover”).

Mal rider, shortboard or lid everyone surfs like a kook sometimes.

the rest of us managed to dodge out of control lid riders

(surfing, slang, chiefly Australia) A bodyboard or bodyboarder.


chief

→ Japanese: チーフ (chīfu)

→ Swahili: chifu

From Middle English cheef, chef, from Old French chef, chief (“leader”), from Vulgar Latin capus, from Latin caput (“head”) (from which also captain, chieftain), from Proto-Italic *kaput, from Proto-Indo-European *káput. Doublet of cape (“point of land”), capo, caput, and chef through Latin (possibly also related to cape (“sleeveless garment”) and cap (“head covering”) from Latin cappa); doublet of head and Howth through Proto-Indo-European.

doublet

When the Chief is Charged with any figure, in blazon it is said to be "On a Chief".

1889, Charles Norton Elvin, A Dictionary of Heraldry:

(heraldry) The top part of a shield or escutcheon; more specifically, an ordinary consisting of the upper part of the field cut off by a horizontal line, generally occupying the top third.


final

→ Japanese: ファイナル (fainaru)

→ Swahili: fainali

From Middle English final, fynal, fynall, from Old French final, from Latin fīnālis (“of or relating to the end or to boundaries”), from fīnis (“end”); see fine. Replaced native English endly (“final”).

der

(sports) The last round, game or match in a contest, after which the winner is determined.


final

en-verb

final (third-person singular simple present finals, present participle finalling or (US) finaling, simple past and past participle finalled or (US) finaled)

finals (present singular third-person)
finalling (participle present)
finaling (US participle present)
finalled (participle past)
finalled (past)
finaled (US participle past)
finaled (US past)

Mike finalled in both the 400 meter and the 800 meter races.

Early in his swimming career, Baker finaled in the 200 fly at both the 1980 and 1984 Olympic Trials and was a two-time Pacific 10 Champion in the event for the University of Arizona.

2007 January 30, Archive Team, “A Day in the Life: Dennis Baker, Day 1”, in Swimming World:

Last year, Carlson would have A finaled in the 100-yard breast (58.75) and B finaled in the 200-yard breast (2:09.66).

2009 May 10, Archive Team, “Swimming World Six Star Kasey Carlson Makes College Pledge”, in Swimming World:

Vocab-wise, medalling and PB-ing are now totally part-and-parcelled, and most experts in South Korea believe podiumed, finalled and all-comered are not far off lexiconing.

2011 January 9, Harry Pearson, “London 2012 can legacy by verbing the noun”, in The Guardian:

In Summer 2019, he finaled in a pair of events at Gainesville Sectionals before going on to take 22nd in the 100m and 200m free at Greensboro Futures.

2021 January 17, Chandler Brandes, “UNC Snags Verbal from Sprinter Tyler Roberton of Tampa Bay Aquatics for 2022-23”, in Swimming World:

(intransitive, sports, colloquial) To qualify for the final round of a competition.


sacrifice

en-noun

sacrifice (countable and uncountable, plural sacrifices)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *seh₂k-
Proto-Italic *sakros
Latin sacer
Latin sacrum
Proto-Italic *fakjō
Latin facio
Proto-Indo-European *-yōs
Proto-Italic *-jōs
Old Latin -ios
Latin -ius
Latin -ium
Latin sacrificiumlbor.
Old French sacrifisebor.
Middle English sacrifice
English sacrifice
From Middle English sacrifice (“act of offering a life or object to a deity; the life or object so offered; (Christianity) act of consecrating the elements in the mass”), from Anglo-Norman sacrefiz, and Old French sacrifice, sacrifise (modern French sacrifice), from Latin sacrificium (“something offered to a deity, sacrifice”), from sacrum (“sacrifice, sacrificial rite”) + faciō (“to do, to make”) + -ium (suffix forming abstract nouns). The noun sacrum is the nominalized neuter of the adjective sacer (“devoted to a deity for sacrifice; holy, sacred”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *seh₂k- (“ceremony, ritual; to make sacred”), and the verb faciō is ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁- (“to do; to place, put”). Related Latin formations include sacrificus (“of or pertaining to sacrifice, sacrificial”) and sacrificō (“to make a sacrifice”).
cognates
* Italian sagrifizio
* Occitan sacrifici
* Portuguese sacrificio
* Spanish sacrificio

der

(baseball) Short for sacrifice bunt or sacrifice hit (“a play in which the batter intentionally hits the ball softly with a hands-spread batting stance at the cost of an out to advance one or more runners”).


sacrifice

en-verb

sacrifice (third-person singular simple present sacrifices, present participle sacrificing, simple past and past participle sacrificed)

sacrifices (present singular third-person)
sacrificing (participle present)
sacrificed (participle past)
sacrificed (past)
sacrifice (infinitive)

From Middle English sacrificen (“to offer a sacrifice to a deity”), from sacrifice (see etymology 1) + -en (suffix forming infinitives of verbs).

flijoj

(transitive) to offer (a human being or an animal, or an object) to a deity; (transitive) to offer a human being or an animal, or an object, to a deity

(baseball) Of a batter: to advance (one or more runners on base) by batting the ball so it can be fielded, placing the batter out but with insufficient time to put the runner(s) out.

sacrificar-se

(baseball, transitive) of a batter: to advance (one or more runners on base) by batting the ball so it can be fielded; (intransitive) to bat the ball so that it can be fielded

(baseball) Of a batter: to bat the ball so that it can be fielded, placing the batter out but allowing one or more runners on base to advance.


imp

en-verb

imp (third-person singular simple present imps, present participle imping, simple past and past participle imped)

imps (present singular third-person)
imping (participle present)
imped (participle past)
imped (past)

From Middle English impen, ympen (“to plant; (figuratively) to bury; to graft; to add to, insert, put into, set in; to mend (a falcon’s feather) by attaching a new feather on to the broken stump”), from Old English impian, ġeimpian (“to graft”), from Proto-West Germanic *impōn (“to graft”), from Vulgar Latin *imputō (“to graft”), from Ancient Greek ἔμφῠτος (émphutos, “implanted; planted”), from ἐμφῠ́ω (emphúō, “to implant”, from ἐν- (en-, prefix meaning ‘in’) + φῠ́ω (phúō, “to bring forth, produce; to grow”, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH- (“to appear; to become; to grow”))) + -τος (-tos).

af

ultimately from Proto-Indo-European <i class="Latn mention" lang="ine-pro">*bʰuH-</i> (“to appear; to become; to grow”)

I have known feathers so imped that the eye could not discern the place of juncture, and it was difficult even to discover it by passing the thumb-nail down the shaft of the imped feather.

1900, E[dward] B[lair] Michell, “Accidents and Maladies”, in The Art and Practice of Hawking, London: Methuen & Co. […], →OCLC, page 229:

Bird rehabilitators borrow a trick from falconry with the age-old process of imping flight feathers on to a damaged bird.

2004, Roseann Tomko, Illinois Audubon, Wayne, Ill.: Illinois Audubon Society, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 19, column 1:

[page 246, column 1] Feather damage is a serious problem for any bird. […] Repairing or imping broken feathers is a very good option in these cases and may save months or even a year in captivity. […] [page 250, column 1] Note that a feather can usually only be imped once since it is very difficult or impossible to remove and then replace an imping needle from within a feather shaft after it has been glued in place.

2016, David E. Scott, “Feathers and Aging”, in Raptor Medicine, Surgery and Rehabilitation, 2nd edition, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, Boston, Mass.: CABI, →ISBN, pages 246 and 250:

(falconry, veterinary medicine) To engraft (a feather) on to a broken feather in a bird's wing or tail to repair it; to engraft (feathers) on to a bird, or a bird's wing or tail.


murder

en-verb

murder (third-person singular simple present murders, present participle murdering, simple past and past participle murdered)

murders (present singular third-person)
murdering (participle present)
murdered (participle past)
murdered (past)

From Middle English murder, murdre, mourdre, alteration of earlier murthre (“murder”) (see murther), from Old English morþor (“secret slaying, unlawful killing”) and Old English myrþra (“murder, homicide”), both from Proto-West Germanic *morþr, from Proto-Germanic *murþrą (“death, killing, murder”), from Proto-Indo-European *mr̥tro- (“killing”), from Proto-Indo-European *mer-, *mor-, *mr̥- (“to die”). Akin to Gothic 𐌼𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌸𐍂 (maurþr, “murder”), Old High German mord (“murder”), Old Norse morð (“murder”), Old English myrþrian (“to murder”) and morþ.
The -d- in the Middle English form may have been influenced in part by Anglo-Norman murdre, from Old French murdre, from Medieval Latin murdrum (whence the English doublet of murdrum), from Frankish *morþr, *murþr (“murder”), from the same Germanic root, though this may also have been wholly the result of internal development (compare burden, from burthen).
(crows): Attested at least since 1475.

inh

Our team is going to murder them.

(transitive, sports, figuratively, colloquial, hyperbolic) To defeat decisively.


layoff

(British, soccer) A short pass that has been rolled in front of another player for them to kick.


Saturn

From Old English Sætern, from Latin Sāturnus, probably from Etruscan 𐌔𐌀𐌕𐌓𐌄 (satre), plausibly influenced by Latin satus, past participle of serere (“to sow”).

12. Venus, a Staff in Pale Sol, and thereupon a Cross Pattee, Luna surmounted off a Pall of the last, charged with 4. like Crosses fitched Saturn, edged and stringed as the second. This Coat belongs to the Archiepiscopal See of Canterbury, to whose place it appertains to Crown and Inaugurate the Kings of England.

1693, Richard Blome, The Art of Heraldry, in two parts ... second edition ..., pages 76-77:

[…] The Field is Luna, a Chevron, Mars, between three Bull's Heads couped Saturn, armed Sol. This Coat-Armour pertained to the Right Noble Family of Thomas Bulleine Lord hoo and Hastings, Viscount Rochford, […] [pages 200-201:] I have omitted, in this Edition, that Escucheon Sol, charged with three Toads erected Saturn, which, according to some Authors, was the Coat-Armour of the ancient Kings of France; […]

1724, John Guillim, A Display of Heraldry, page 151:

The Archiepiscopal See of Armagh bears Jupiter, a Pastoral Staff in Pale Luna, ensigned with a Cross Pattee Sol, surmounded by a Pall of the second, edged and fringed of the third, charged with four like Crosses Pattee Fitched Saturn.

1739, James Ware, Walter Harris, The Whole Works of Sir James Ware Concerning Ireland, volume 1, page 1:

(heraldry, rare) Sable (black), in the postmedieval practice of blazoning the tinctures in the arms of certain sovereign people and places as planets.


gig

The noun is derived from a clipping of fishgig, fizgig, possibly from Spanish fisga (“harpoon”).
The verb is derived from the noun.

On toward dusk some little gypsy boys whittled gigs from river-birch limbs and went to a backwater and gigged frogs until they had a basketful.

1997, Charles Frazier, Cold Mountain, London: Hodder and Stoughton, page 122:

(fishing) Synonym of fishgig or fizgig (“a spear with a barb on the end of it, used for catching fish, frogs, or other small animals”).


dress

en-verb

dress (third-person singular simple present dresses, present participle dressing, simple past dressed, past participle dressed or (obsolete) drest)

dresses (present singular third-person)
dressing (participle present)
dressed (past)
dressed (participle past)
drest (obsolete participle past)
dress (infinitive)

→ Sranan Tongo: dresi

PIE word
 *dwís
The verb is from Middle English dressen, dresse (“to arrange, put in order”), from Anglo-Norman, Old French dresser, drecier (modern French dresser), from Late Latin *directiare, from Latin dīrēctus, the perfect passive participle of dīrigō (“to arrange in lines, direct, steer”), from dis- (prefix meaning ‘apart; asunder; in two’) + regō (“to govern, manage”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₃reǵ- (“straight, right”). Doublet of direct.
The noun is derived from the verb.

aantrek

to put clothes on (oneself or someone, etc.) — see also clothe

koristaa

to adorn or ornament (something) — see also adorn, ornament

siistiä

to fit or prepare (something) for use; to render (something) suitable for an intended purpose — see also get ready

whakahuene

referring to preparing rough sawn timber

self aantrek

to put on clothes — see also get dressed

To fit or prepare (something) for use; to render (something) suitable for an intended purpose; to get ready.

(fishing) To prepare (an artificial fly) to be attached to a fish hook.

Due to a left ankle sprain, the basketball player did not dress for the game against Indiana.

(sports) Of a sportsperson: to put on the uniform and have the equipment needed to play a sport.

pukea

of a sportsperson: to put on the uniform and have the equipment needed to play a sport


halve

en-verb

halve (third-person singular simple present halves, present participle halving, simple past and past participle halved)

halves (present singular third-person)
halving (participle present)
halved (participle past)
halved (past)

From Middle English halven, helven, from Old English hilfan, helfan, *hielfan (“to halve, divide in two”), from Proto-West Germanic *halbijan, from Proto-Germanic *halbijaną (“to halve”), from Proto-Germanic *halbaz (“half”).
Cognate with Middle Dutch halven (“to halve”), Middle High German halben, helben (“to halve”). Compare also West Frisian helte (“to halve”), Dutch halveren (“to halve”), German Low German halberen (“to halve”), German halbieren (“to halve”), Danish halvere (“to halve”), Swedish halvera (“to halve”).

I, of course, had no difficulty in doing likewise, and we halved the hole; but the awkward fact remained that I must now gain every hole to win the match, for my opponent's score was "nine up," and there only remained ten holes to play.

1902, Robert Marshall Grade, The Haunted Major:

All that counts is whether you won, lost, or halved the match.

2005, Bill Elliott, The Golf Bag Buddy: The Essential On-Course Reference, page 67:

(golf, transitive) In match play, to achieve a tie or draw on.


pea

From having the appearance of a pea (see English etymology 1), the edible seed of Pisum sativum, the pea plant.

(baseball) A ball travelling at high velocity.


fils

(numismatics) Subdivision of currency used in many Arab countries.


address

Tok Pisin: adres

→ Bole: adireshi

→ Cebuano: adres

→ Sinhalese: ඇඩ්රස් (æḍras)

→ Tagalog: adres

From Middle English adressen (“to raise erect, adorn”), from Old French adrecier (“to straighten, address”) (modern French adresser), from a- (from Latin ad (“to”)) + drecier (modern French dresser (“to straighten, arrange”)), from Vulgar Latin *dīrectiō, from Latin dīrēctus (“straight or right”), from the verb dīrigō, itself from regō (“to govern, to rule”). Cognate with Spanish aderezar (“to garnish; dress (food); to add spices”).

osoite

property — see also location, property, premises, residence

valmistautuminen

(obsolete in English) act of getting ready — see also preparation

(golf, Scotland) The act of bringing the head of the club up to the ball in preparation for swinging.


address

en-verb

address (third-person singular simple present addresses, present participle addressing, simple past and past participle addressed or (obsolete) addrest)

addresses (present singular third-person)
addressing (participle present)
addressed (participle past)
addressed (past)
addrest (obsolete participle past)
addrest (obsolete past)

(transitive, golf, Scotland) To get ready to hit (the ball on the tee).


cricket

→ Afrikaans: krieket

→ Albanian: kriket

→ Arabic: الكريكت (al krīkit)

→ Assamese: ক্ৰিকেট (kriket)

→ Burmese: ကရစ်ကက် (ka.rackak)

→ Catalan: criquet

→ Czech: kriket

→ Danish: kricket, cricket

→ Dutch: cricket

→ French: cricket

→ Galician: crícket

→ German: Cricket

→ Greek: κρίκετ (kríket)

desc

→ Hebrew: קְרִיקֶט

→ Hebrew: קְרִיקֶט

→ Hindi: क्रिकेट (krikeṭ)

→ Hungarian: krikett

→ Icelandic: krikket

→ Irish: cruicéad

→ Italian: cricket

→ Japanese: クリケット (kuriketto)

→ Korean: 크리켓 (keuriket)

→ Malay: kriket

→ Pashto: کرکټ (krikiṭ)

→ Persian: کریکت (krekit)

→ Polish: krykiet

→ Portuguese: críquete

→ Russian: кри́кет (kríket) (see there for further descendants)

→ Scottish Gaelic: criogaid

→ Serbo-Croatian: krìket, крѝкет

→ Spanish: críquet, cricket

→ Swahili: kriketi

→ Swedish: cricket

→ Thai: คริกเก็ต (krík-gèt)

→ Urdu: کرکٹ (krikiṭ)

→ Welsh: criced

Perhaps from a Flemish dialect of Dutch met de krik ketsen (“to chase a ball with a curved stick”).

der

(sports) A game played outdoors with bats and a ball between two teams of eleven, popular in England and many Commonwealth countries.


alpine

en-adj

alpine (comparative more alpine, superlative most alpine)

more alpine (comparative)
most alpine (superlative)

From Latin Alpīnus, from Alpēs (“the Alps”). Cognates include French alpin.

Coordinate term: Nordic

(skiing) Of or relating to slalom and downhill skiing.

alpí

of or relating to slalom or downhill skiing