seagulling

As long as he can stay away from the seagulling in the tight games.

2002 May 25, Greig Blanchett, “Re: So. To The ABs”, in rec.sport.rugby.union (Usenet):

Jack has to cut out the seagulling and get in and do the dirty work.

2009 December 28, Steve Hepburn, “Rugby: Oval ball gazing for 2011 World Cup”, in Otago Daily Times:

And while Williams cut down the seagulling, he still wasn't hitting the breakdown with any vigour.

2011 August 29, lord shineything [username], “Re: AB Players”, in rec.sport.rugby.union (Usenet):

(British, Australia, New Zealand, rugby slang) The practice, in Rugby Union, of forwards running in the back line rather than concentrating on their primary positional duties in open play (see rugby union positions).


jockstrap

From jock in the obsolete sense of "male genitals" and strap; from the earlier forms bike jockey strap and jockey strap.

With their jock-straps pinching, they slouch to attention
While queueing for sarnies at the office canteen.

1972, “Thick As A Brick”, Ian Anderson (lyrics), performed by Jethro Tull:

There are many accounts of men, back in the 1970s, work out in nothing but a jockstrap.

2010, Erick Alvarez, Muscle Boys: Gay Gym Culture, Routledge, →ISBN, page 105:

(sports) An athletic supporter worn by men and boys to support the genitals during strenuous exercise.


lat

Borrowed from Latvian lats, a clipping of Latvija (“Latvia”).

(numismatics, historical) The gold-backed monetary unit of Latvia from August 1922 until April 1941, when it was replaced by the Soviet ruble; it was typically pegged at about 25 to the British pound.

(numismatics, historical) The floating fiat monetary unit of Latvia from 1992 until January 2014, when it was replaced by the euro.


weft

From Middle English wefte, from Old English wefan (“to weave”), from Proto-West Germanic *weban, from Proto-Germanic *webaną. Equivalent to weave + -th.

Teaching tools include mannequins, slip-ons, hair wefts, rectangles, and profiles.

2009, Cosmetologists: 150 Great Tech Prep Careers, 2nd edition, page 135:

Then, she held up the hair as it would look on my head. She positioned it like a pro, holding wefts of human hair so that it looked like it grew from my scalp.

2011, Ryan Rayston, The Quiet Sound of Disappearing, AuthorHouse, page 289:

In the bonding method of attaching hair extensions, hair wefts or single strands are attached with an adhesive or bonding agent. The adhesive is applied to the weft with an applicator gun.

2012, Cengage Learning, Milady Standard Cosmetology, page 556:

(hairdressing) A hair extension that is glued directly to a person′s natural hair.


remora

en-noun

remora (plural remora or remorae or remoras)

remora (plural)
remorae (plural)
remoras (plural)

Borrowed from Latin remora (“delay, hindrance, passive resistance”), from the belief that the fish would attach themselves to ships and slow them down, from re- (prefix meaning ‘back, backwards’) + mora (“delay”) (from Proto-Indo-European *mere (“to delay, hinder”), from *(s)mer- (“to fall into thinking, remember; to care for”)).

der

LORD SCARSDALE. [...] On the dexter ſide, the figure of Prudence repreſented by a woman, habited argent, mantled azure, holding in her ſiniſter hand a javelin entwined with a remora proper; [...]

1766 July 23, [Edward] Kimber, “Barons”, in The Peerage of England. […], volume 60, London: Printed for H[enry] Woodfall, […], →OCLC, page 217:


paddock

The noun is almost certainly a variant of dialectal British parrock (“enclosure; park; croft, small field, paddock”), from Middle English parrok, parrock (“enclosed pasture, paddock; coop; feeding stall; cabin, hut”) [and other forms], from Old English pearroc, pearruc (“fence used to enclose a space; area enclosed by such a fence, enclosure”), from Proto-West Germanic *parruk (“enclosure; pen for animals”), from Proto-Germanic *parrukaz (“fence; enclosure”); further etymology uncertain, perhaps related to Proto-Germanic *barō (“bar, beam; barrier”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerH- (“to pierce; to strike”). Doublet of park.
The verb is derived from the noun.
cognates
* Danish park (“pond”)
* Dutch perk (“flowerbed; garden; pen”)
* German Pferch (“sheepfold, sheep-pen”)

cog

We left the carriage, bought programmes, and walked across the infield and then across the smooth thick turf of the course to the paddock. […] The paddock was fairly well filled with people and they were walking the horses around in a ring under the trees behind the grand stand.

1929 May–October, Ernest Hemingway, chapter 20, in A Farewell to Arms, 1st British edition, London: Jonathan Cape […], published 1929, →OCLC, book II, page 138:

You remind me of a two-year-old, Dinny—one of those whipcordy chestnuts that kick up their heels in the paddock, get left at the post, and come in first after all.

1931 November, John Galsworthy, chapter XXIV, in Maid in Waiting, 1st Canadian edition, Toronto, Ont.: The Ryerson Press, published 1931, →OCLC, page 211:

(horse racing) An enclosure next to a racecourse where horses are paraded and mounted before a race and unsaddled after a race.

haka

(motor racing) An area at a racing circuit where the racing vehicles are parked and worked on before and between races.

varikko

(sports, slang) A field on which a game is played; a playing field.


fall classic

The White Sox swept the 2005 fall classic.


World Series

(US, baseball) The best-of-seven game series played annually in late October-early November to determine the year's championship of professional baseball in the United States and Canada, played between two teams, one each in the National League and the American League.


League Championship Series

(baseball) The best-of-seven series of games to determine the winner of each of the National League and the American League.


earned run

(baseball) A run that was recorded without the benefit of an error.


go yard

en-verb

go yard (third-person singular simple present goes yard, present participle going yard, simple past went yard, past participle gone yard)

goes yard (present singular third-person)
going yard (participle present)
went yard (past)
gone yard (participle past)

Question 162: To follow-up on the aforementioned Phillies slugger, in 1980 he set a career high and established a Major League record for home runs by a third baseman when he went yard 48 times.

2010, Major League Baseball IQ: The Ultimate Test of True Fandom:


National League

(baseball) The older of the two professional baseball leagues within Major League Baseball.


American League

(baseball) The younger of the two professional baseball leagues within Major League Baseball.


ISF

International Softball Federation
w:International Softball Federation

(softball) Initialism of International Softball Federation.


MLB

There was no repeat rainbow rebellion during last Saturday’s Pride Night at Tropicana Field after MLB introduced a policy this season forbidding teams from changing their uniforms to mark local themed events.

2023 June 12, Tom Dart, “US culture wars come to baseball as MLB celebrates Pride month”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:

Major League Baseball
w:Major League Baseball

(US, Canada, baseball) Initialism of Major League Baseball.


composite

en-adj

composite (comparative more composite, superlative most composite)

more composite (comparative)
most composite (superlative)

Borrowed from Middle French composite, from Latin compositus, past participle of compōnō (“put together”). Doublet of compost and compote.

composite portraiture; a composite photograph

[B]y photographing a number of faces on the same plate, and so superimposing their images on one another, he produces a so-called "composite" photograph or image.

1920, Edward Carpenter, Pagan and Christian Creeds, New York: Harcourt, Brace and Co., page 92:

(photography, historical) Employing multiple exposures on a single plate, so as to create an average view of something, such as faces in physiognomy.


graveyard

/ˈɡɹeɪvˌjɑɹd/

From grave + yard. Compare West Frisian begraafplak (“graveyard”), Dutch begraafplaats (“graveyard”), Norwegian gravplass (“graveyard”).

kirkegård

final storage place for collections of things no longer used

(figuratively, by extension) A final storage place for collections of things that are no longer useful or useable.

(sports) A team where players are sent when they are not useful, or a team where players become useless if sent there.


isu

(sumo) An individual seat in the loft-like balcony of a sumo arena.


rosary

From Middle English rosarie, from Latin rosārium, here in its sense as a garland of roses. The coin usage referred to the laurel wreath appearing on the obverse bust, as opposed to the bare head on the pollard. Doublet of Rosario and rosarium.

psalter (150-bead rosary for use with the Psalms)

(historical numismatics) A 13th-century coin minted in Europe as a counterfeit debased form of the sterling silver penny of Edward I, at first accepted as a halfpenny and then outlawed.


NFI

(American football) Initialism of Non-football injury; any injury sustained by a player outside of games or training.


arms

From Middle English armes, from Old French armes, from Latin arma (“weapons”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂er-mo-, a suffixed form of *h₂er- (“to fit together”), hence ultimately cognate with etymology 2.

The arms of England are: gules, three lions passant gardant or.

The Metropolitan Electric trams bore the three seaxes of the Middlesex arms, with a crown above the shield, on a blue circle.

1950 June, Michael Robbins, “Heraldry of London Underground Railways”, in Railway Magazine, page 382:

(heraldry) A visual design composed according to heraldic rules, consisting of a coat of arms normally displayed upon an escutcheon, sometimes accompanied by other elements of an achievement


ICS

(motor racing) Initialism of Indy Car Series, the premier open-wheel racing series in the United States.


Nordic

Nordic (comparative more Nordic, superlative most Nordic)

more Nordic (comparative)
most Nordic (superlative)

From French nordique, from nord (“north”).

Coordinate term: alpine

cross-country skiing
cross-country skiing

(skiing) Of or relating to cross-country skiing or ski jumping.


RPC

Translingual: RPC

(sports) Abbreviation of Russian Paralympic Committee (an organization).


AAAA

(slang, baseball) A baseball player who is too good for Minor League Baseball, but not good enough for Major League Baseball.


lino

en-noun

lino (usually uncountable, plural linos)

Contraction of linesman + -o (“diminutive suffix”).

Lino flagged a bit late but was right

2014 October 4, MartTheTaxi, “Twitter status”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name):

(UK, colloquial, informal, soccer) Abbreviation of linesman.


golpe

Unknown. Compare Spanish golpe (“strike, blow”). Perhaps the reference is to a blow leaving a purple bruise, compare the theories about hurt (“blue roundel”).

(heraldry) A roundel purpure (purple circular spot).


sarabande

Borrowed from French sarabande, from Spanish zarabanda.

(dance) A stately Baroque dance in slow triple time.


esquire

Old French esquiere, esquierre, esquarre (“a square”) (whence modern French équerre), perhaps via a form like based esquire from bas d'esquire ("bottom of a square"), whence attested forms base (e)squire, e(s)quire bast.

Thre pallets between ij Esquires bast dexter and sinister of the second.

1597, Gerard Legh, Armorie, page 154, quoted in the NED

Mortimer, Barry of 6, or & az. an inescutcheon arg. on a chief of the first 2 pallets between as many base esquires of the second.

1883, Transactions of the Shropshire Archaeological and Natural History Society, page 142:

Against the theory of two wives for Sir Thomas, is the fact that the Lumley Monument mentions only one, Elizabeth. In addition she appears to have been granted the Royal Arms: 1. France and England, 2. a plain cross of Ulster, 3. as 2, 4. barry of siz, a chief three pallets, between two esquires bastions, dexter and sinister, an inescutcheon Argent, Mortimer, over all a bar sinister, which are also displayed on the monument.

2011 October 24, Peter Beauclerk-Dewar, Roger Powell, Royal Bastards: Illegitimate Children of the British Royal Family, The History Press, →ISBN:

(heraldry, rare) The lower of the halves into which a square is divided diagonally, a single gyron, but potentially larger (extending across the shield) or smaller (for example, on Mortimer's arms).


riser

From Middle English ryser, risere, equivalent to rise + -er.


diadem

From Middle English diademe, dyademe, from Old French diademe, from Latin diadēma, from Ancient Greek διάδημα (diádēma, “band, especially worn around a tiara”), from διαδέω (diadéō, “bind around”).

der

(heraldry) An arch rising from the rim of a crown (rarely also of a coronet), and uniting with others over its centre.


FCS

w:NCAA Division I#Football Championship Subdivision

(American football) Initialism of Football Championship Subdivision.


left back

(soccer) A defender who normally plays on the left side of the field.


FU

(philately) Initialism of fine used. (in stamp descriptions)


ascender

(climbing) a mechanical device used for ascending on a rope; ascendeur.


heya

(sumo) the so-called "stable" of rikishi who train under the instruction of a particular shisho; the place where this group lives and trains


naiant

From Middle French noiant, present participle of noier (“to swim”), from Latin natare. Doublet of natant.

(heraldry, of a fish) Depicted swimming horizontally.


give away

en-verb

give away (third-person singular simple present gives away, present participle giving away, simple past gave away, past participle given away)

gives away (present singular third-person)
giving away (participle present)
gave away (past)
given away (participle past)

Coordinate term: give up

England gave away six penalties in the first 15 minutes and were lucky to still have 15 men on the pitch, but Kvirikashvili missed two very makeable penalties in quick succession as Georgia were unable to take advantage of significant territorial advantage.

2011 September 18, Ben Dirs, “Rugby World Cup 2011: England 41-10 Georgia”, in BBC Sport:


pick and roll

He and [Dennis] Schröder developing pick-and-roll chemistry will certainly be an objective. [Markieff] Morris has a tendency to linger around the mid-range area after setting ball screens, but when he’s popping beyond the 3-point line, he can hurt defenses.

2019 February 25, Brett Dawson, Fred Katz, “How power forward Markieff Morris might fit in with the Thunder”, in The Athletic:

(basketball) An offensive play in which a player stops to block a defender for a teammate handling the ball and then slips behind the defender to accept a pass.


suplex

Perhaps related to the suplay of classical wrestling, if not further inspired by super; also see -ex. Another explanation could be from sub + plecto, (meaning essentially I turn, twist, combine, or "braid" from under) which could ultimately reduce into English as suplex due to it being a novel innovation.

professional wrestling
professional wrestling

(professional wrestling) A wrestling move in which the wrestler picks up their opponent off the ground (or mat) and then, using a large portion of their own body weight, drives the opponent down on the mat by throwing them over their center of gravity, usually arching their back.


suplex

suplex (third-person singular simple present suplexes, present participle suplexing, simple past and past participle suplexed)

suplexes (present singular third-person)
suplexing (participle present)
suplexed (participle past)
suplexed (past)

(transitive, professional wrestling) To subject to this manoeuvre.


pav

“It′s no good hanging around here. I vote we nip round to the back of the pav,” Jennings suggested. “We might be able to see Mr Findlater and wave to him through the window.”
They scurried round to the rear of the building where a row of windows overlooked a deserted part of the cricket ground.

1954, Anthony Buckeridge, According to Jennings, page 80:

Up goes the finger and the Dodo snaps to attention, rams the bat under his arm (subaltern with swagger stick) and retreats to the pav with a slowness intended as silent comment on a poor decision.

2000, Aidan Higgins, The Whole Hog, unnumbered page:

One of the most enjoyable drinking experiences in town can be had on a pleasant summer′s day on the balcony of the Pav, the cricket pavilion overlooking Trinity′s playing fields.

2008, Fionn Davenport, Dublin City Guide, Lonely Planet, page 166:

(cricket, informal) Clipping of pavilion.


decathlete

Simply to see what would happen, Paul Terek, a United States decathlete, wore a baseball cap bearing his name in Japanese when he landed at the Osaka airport a few weeks ago. Some children there took the bait.

2007 February 9, Juliet Macur, “Decathletes Struggle for Any Recognition”, in The New York Times:

“Heptathlon is very geared and favorable to those who are quick,” said Gray’s coach, Andy Eggerth, who trains both heptathletes and decathletes. “A lot of world-class heptathletes are relatively bad at javelin and shot-put.”

2021 June 7, Shauna Farnell, “An Olympic Hurdle: Why Is the Decathlon Only for Men?”, in The New York Times:

(athletics) An athlete who competes in the decathlon.


spotter

contrasted with the Übungsleiter m meaning “trainer”

Due to a spotter's lack of action in holding the weight when a lifter lost her balance, the lifter badly pulled some muscles.

1981 December 12, Melissa Wills, “Moving Metal”, in Gay Community News, volume 9, number 21, page 10:

(weightlifting, gymnastics, climbing) One who supervises a person performing an activity, in order to help them should they be unable to complete it.

(motor racing) A team member responsible for communication with the driver to keep them up-to-date about on-track events, such as other nearby cars.


bullfinch

Young Hurrell turned them on the right; the officer on the polo pony and Mr. Westall, between them, dissected a "bullfinch" on the left, but the ditch and the briars took toll of the former.

1900, H. B. Yerburgh, Leaves from a hunting diary in Essex, page 180:

(UK, archaic, hunting, slang) A large, thick quickset hedge.


tap up

tap up (third-person singular simple present taps up, present participle tapping up, simple past and past participle tapped up)

taps up (present singular third-person)
tapping up (participle present)
tapped up (participle past)
tapped up (past)

(transitive, British, sports) To make an approach to a player, under contract to another club, in order to attempt to negotiate a transfer.


aider

As I was switching my feet in my aiders, the hook popped.

(climbing) A mountaineer's stirrup or étrier.


bantam

(sports) A competitor in an age division between peewee and midget.


backslide

(dance) A dance move in which the feet are alternately slid back and the heels lifted, giving the illusion of walking forwards while actually moving backwards.


face mask penalty

en-noun

face mask penalty (plural face mask penalties)

(American football) A penalty in American football where one player grabs the face mask of an opposing player. There are two versions of this penalty: incidental face mask penalty and the more serious personal foul face mask penalty.


pintail

(surfing) A surfboard with a pointed back end.


all square

(sports, games, etc.) With all players or teams having the same score; tied, drawn.


strike rate

(baseball) The number of runs of a batter divided by the number of balls faced.

(cricket) The number of runs scored by a batsman per 100 balls faced; the number of balls bowled by a bowler divided by the number of wickets taken.


facemask

潛水面罩

covering used to protect the face used for diving

A covering used to protect or disguise the face.

(underwater diving) A full-face diving mask.

(American football, Canadian football) The part of the helmet that directly covers the face, made of one or more plastic-coated metal bars.

(American football, Canadian football) The foul of grasping it during play.


go over

en-verb

go over (third-person singular simple present goes over, present participle going over, simple past went over, past participle gone over)

goes over (present singular third-person)
going over (participle present)
went over (past)
gone over (participle past)

But in the closing stages Bishop spotted a gap to go over and Hook converted to set up a nervous finish for the Blues, who managed to hold on.

2010 December 31, “Magners League: Cardiff Blues 27-25 Osprey”, in BBC:


basement

(sports, informal) Last place in a sports conference's standings.


volumizer

(bodybuilding) A dietary supplement that increases water uptake in muscle cells, causing the muscles to temporarily swell.


contourné

From French contourné, from Latin con- (“altogether, completely”) and tornāre (“to make round”).

(heraldry, of beasts, etc) Facing sinister instead of dexter.


hard gainer

(bodybuilding) A person who has difficulty gaining weight through either diet or exercise.


weight gainer

(bodybuilding) A high-calorie beverage or powdered drink used to bulk up the physique, especially the muscles. Typically, such beverages are very high in sugar content, and need to be drunk in large volumes.


contest shape

(bodybuilding) A physique made ready for a bodybuilding contest, with minimal body fat and maximum muscle volume.


mesomorph

/ˈmɛsəʊmɔːf/

/ˈmɛzəʊmɔːf/

/ˈmɛzəmɔːɹf/

Derived from mesoderm + -morph by William Herbert Sheldon. Equivalent to meso- + -morph.

(bodybuilding): Theoretical body type in which a person naturally has lower body fat and greater ability to achieve muscular development than average.


pumped up

en-adj

pumped up (comparative more pumped up, superlative most pumped up)

more pumped up (comparative)
most pumped up (superlative)

(informal, bodybuilding) Having muscles in an engorged state following exercise due to increased blood flow.


bulk up

en-verb

bulk up (third-person singular simple present bulks up, present participle bulking up, simple past and past participle bulked up)

bulks up (present singular third-person)
bulking up (participle present)
bulked up (participle past)
bulked up (past)

A review of studies done on runners and strength training showed generally positive impacts and no negative consequences. You won’t hulk out or bulk up just fine-tune some lean muscle in ways that running alone can’t do.

2017 January 9, Molly Hurford, “Cross-Training Workouts Every Runner Should Try”, in MapMyRun, archived from the original on 2017-06-18:

(bodybuilding) To train the body with a high-calorie diet and intense weightlifting in order to increase the overall mass of the body, especially the muscles.


pumping iron

And your partner will be a friend; pumping iron is not a competition.

1994, Aaron Binder, Pumping Iron After Fifty: The Golden Thread to the Self, page 29:

He's just another one of Leo's thugs from the east side. Too much pumping iron jarred his brain loose!

2002, James E. Wollrab, Malfeasance, page 91:

Pumping iron is potentially more productive than aerobic dance, requires less skill training than swimming, produces less damage to the body than running and is less hazardous than bike riding on the open road.

2003, Joseph F. Mullen, Strength Training for Women Only, page 35:

Before he left, however, he worked out with Chase one last time, and encouraged his protégé to keep up with his pumping iron, especially since the youngster was making such impressive strides.

2008, David Marlow, Muscle Bound, page 102:

(weightlifting, informal) The activity of weightlifting, especially for the purposes of bodybuilding.


shredded

en-adj

shredded (comparative more shredded, superlative most shredded)

more shredded (comparative)
most shredded (superlative)

Near-synonyms: jacked, ripped

(bodybuilding) Having very pronounced muscular definition.

факту́рный

having very pronounced muscular definition


pumped

pumped (comparative more pumped, superlative most pumped)

more pumped (comparative)
most pumped (superlative)

(slang, bodybuilding) Pumped up; having muscles in an engorged state following exercise.

I was so pumped by the end of the climb that I could barely hold onto the jugs.

(climbing) Very tired, especially when too fatigued to grip handholds well.


ripped

ripped (comparative more ripped, superlative most ripped)

more ripped (comparative)
most ripped (superlative)

Near-synonyms: jacked, shredded

With the average male competitor weighing around 220, the total poundage of raw, ripped mass in the preliminary lineup is over 3,700 pounds.

1988, Steve Holman, “Christian Conquers Columbus”, in Ironman, 47 (6): 28-34:

That's the premise of the overload principle, and it must be applied, even to ab training, if you're going to develop a cut, ripped midsection.

2010, Bill Geiger, “6-pack Abs in 9 Weeks”, in Reps!, 17:106:

(bodybuilding) Having extremely low bodyfat content so that the shape of the underlying muscles become pronounced. Said especially of well-defined abdominal muscles or of men who have them.


pump up

en-verb

pump up (third-person singular simple present pumps up, present participle pumping up, simple past and past participle pumped up)

pumps up (present singular third-person)
pumping up (participle present)
pumped up (participle past)
pumped up (past)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-pump up.wav

I want to pump you up.

He's gonna help me pump up.

(intransitive, transitive, bodybuilding) To cause one's muscles to swell by means of focused weightlifting.


weightlifter

(weightlifting) A person who competes for maximum weight lifted in a series of specific lifts.


fullness

en-noun

fullness (usually uncountable, plural fullnesses)

From Middle English fulnesse, from Old English fulnes, fylnes, fyllnis (“completeness; abundance”), equivalent to full + -ness. Cognate with Old High German folnissi (“fullness”).

(bodybuilding): A measure of the degree to which a muscle has increased in size parallel to the axis of its contraction. A full muscle fills more of the space along the part of the body where it is connected.


bulky

en-adj

bulky (comparative bulkier, superlative bulkiest)

bulkier (comparative)
bulkiest (superlative)

From Middle English bulki, boulky, equivalent to bulk + -y.

(bodybuilding) Having excess body mass, especially muscle.


defined

defined (comparative more defined, superlative most defined)

more defined (comparative)
most defined (superlative)

undefined

antonym(s) of “having a definition or value”

(bodybuilding) Having extreme muscle separation as a result of low body fat.


diving

en-noun

diving (countable and uncountable, plural divings)

(soccer, sports) The act of pretending to be tripped or brought to the ground by an opposition player in order to secure a undeserved penalty.


ramp

From French rampe, back-formation of Old French ramper, from Frankish *rampōn, *hrampōn (“to contract oneself”), from Proto-Germanic *hrimpaną.
Akin to Old English hrimpan (“to wrinkle, rimple, rumple”), Old High German rimpfan (German rümpfen (“to wrinkle up”)). Compare Danish rimpe (“to fold" (archaic), "to baste”), Icelandic rimpa. More at rimple.

cog

(skating) A construction used to do skating tricks, usually in the form of part of a pipe.

ramp

skating: construction to do skating tricks


firehosing

(videography) Video camera movement intended to record as much of a scene as possible, such as by swinging the camera from side to side, usually in a way that makes the resulting footage worthless.


bodybuilder

[ˈbɑː.ɾiˌbɪɫ.ɾɚ]

Physique of powerful bodybuilder (below) is like piece of sculpture. Buffs strive for the well-rounded body, disdain the professional weightlifter, who merely develops a number of very specialized muscles.

December 1964, “Muscles are his business”, in Ebony, volume 20, number 2, page 148:

Because it is necessary for a muscle to rest while it grows and because of the importance of balanced development, most competitive bodybuilders train on a split routine; they work certain parts of the body one day and rest those muscles the next while they work the others, alternating like that six days a week.

1974, Charles Gaines, George Butler, “chapter 2”, in Pumping Iron: The Art and Sport of Bodybuilding:

In the competitions, bodybuilders go through "mandatories"—a set of mandatory poses—in the morning, where the judges compare the body parts of the builders.

1991, Samuel Wilson Fussell, “chapter 4”, in Muscle: Confessions of an Unlikely Bodybuilder:

(bodybuilding) A person who uses diet and exercise to build an aesthetically muscular physique, in order to compete in bodybuilding.

բոդիբիլդեր

a person who uses diet and exercise to build an aesthetically muscular physique


feathered

(rowing) Having the blades of oars or propellers parallel to the direction of motion.


hickory

en-noun

hickory (countable and uncountable, plural hickories)

A shortening of pockerchicory/pokickery/pohickery, from Powhatan pawcohiccora.

What you find out is, if you have good hickories, you can play anywhere from 5,300 yards to 6,100 with no problem.

2012, Lee Pace, The Golden Age of Pinehurst: The Story of the Rebirth of No. 2, page 117:

I still had in my possession thirteen sets of hickories and a good stock of gutty golf balls, […]

2013, Alfie Ward, Fairways! What Fairways?, page 182:

(countable, golf, informal) A club with a head made from hickory wood.


dumper

The choice of a dumper can be disastrous for a comparatively unskilled surfer […]

1959, John Bloomfield, Know-how in the Surf, page 28:

[…] learning how to slide across the face of a wave is put to practical use when inadvertently catching a dumper (plunging wave).

2004, Australian Mathematical Society, Gazette, volume 31, page 249:

(surfing) A wave that knocks a surfer into the water.


anklelock

(wrestling) A hold in professional wrestling, a leglock applied to any of the joints in the ankle.


scorpion kick

association football
association football

(soccer) A rare type of kick in association football where the player dives headlong so his body flies parallel to the ground in a prone position and quickly extends his hips and flexes his knees backwards, so they resemble a scorpion's upright tail, to kick a football passing towards his heels, returning it in the direction it came.


toepoke

en-verb

toepoke (third-person singular simple present toepokes, present participle toepoking, simple past and past participle toepoked)

toepokes (present singular third-person)
toepoking (participle present)
toepoked (participle past)
toepoked (past)

‘You’re not going to tell me you’re still toepoking at your age,’ his uncle said. ‘See what happens if you don’t kick properly? Look here till I show you.’

1988, Glenn Patterson, Burning Your Own, Minerva, published 1993, →ISBN, page 105:

Clinging on to said defender, viduka, slightly off balance, only manages to tickle the ball with his toecaps, merely toepoking it to the opposition.

2002 April 2, Darren Dootsen, “Does this ound familiar?”, in uk.sport.football.clubs.leeds-united (Usenet):

There are moments today as ever when you catch that joy on the wing: seeing a little girl standing in a shopping trolley singing a nonsense song or a chortling urchin toepoking a football past the toppling figure of his father in the park.

2004, Ferdinand Mount, Mind the Gap: The New Class Divide in Britain, Short Books, page 250

Morrison ran on to a through ball, toepoked it towards the goal, Sorensen went to ground too early and the ball bounced slowly over his chest and nestled in the goal.

2005 January 4, Sumisdad, “Re: So...is it time to bring back Tim?”, in alt.sports.soccer.manchester.united (Usenet):

did he( Ronaldinhio) toepoke that goal or what?

2005 March 9, arby, “Re: chelsea v barca”, in uk.sport.football.clubs.newcastle-united (Usenet):


toepoke

Toepokes are useful in an emergency, particularly when it is impossible to get close to the ball.

1979, Ken Jones, How to Play Soccer, Chartwell Books, →ISBN, page 13:

viduka's toepoke was matched in the second half, but again was wide.

1997 October 3, David Arnold, “[Tunisia - Australia [R]]”, in rec.sport.soccer (Usenet):

I think the ball bounced over his hand, he was in line with the ball but the toepoke bounced higher than he expected.

2002 June 27, William Watson, “Re: Semifinal Brazil - Turkey [R]”, in rec.sport.soccer (Usenet):

3-1is a bit close? Try 1-0, with a toepoke of a goal in the 90'.

2004 August 20, Victoria Barrett, “Re: [082104] When Gut League Saturday Comes”, in uk.sport.football (Usenet):


bootleg

From boot + leg. Originally a nickname given to smugglers in King George III's reign, derived from the smugglers' custom of hiding packages of valuables in their large sea-boots when dodging the king's coastguardsmen.

(American football) A play in which the quarterback fakes a handoff, conceals the ball against his hip, and rolls out.


boogie-woogie

en-noun

boogie-woogie (countable and uncountable, plural boogie-woogies)

/ˌbʊɡiˈwʊɡi/

Reduplication of boogie (“party”), of unknown origin.

Ah, everybody was juiced, you can bet your soul / They did the boogie-woogie with a sturdy roll

1953, Ahmet Ertegun (lyrics and music), “Mess Around”, performed by Ray Charles:


bourse

Borrowed from French bourse, from Old French borse, from Latin bursa, from Ancient Greek βύρσα (búrsa). Doublet of purse, compare Danish børs, Swedish börs, German Börse. See also bursar.

(philately) A meeting of stamp collectors and/or dealers, where stamps and covers are sold or exchanged.


definitive

en-adj

definitive (comparative more definitive, superlative most definitive)

more definitive (comparative)
most definitive (superlative)

(philately) general, not issued for commemorative purposes

yleis-

philately: not issued for commemorative purposes


definitive

(philately) an ordinary postage stamp that is part of a series of all denominations or is reprinted as needed to meet demand


nomad

From Middle French nomade, from Latin Nomas (“wandering shepherd”), from Ancient Greek νομάς (nomás, “roaming, wandering, esp. to find pasture”), from Ancient Greek νομός (nomós, “pasture”). Compare Numidia.

der

With the recruitment of South Australian football nomad, and eventual legend of the game, Phil Matson, Subiaco would improve considerably in 1912.

2008, John Devaney, Full Points Footy's WA Football Companion, →ISBN, page 282:

Unlike players who were often traded, baseball nomads who carried a hobo's bindle rather than a bat on their shoulders, Musial stayed put in St. Louis.

2014, Wayne Stewart, Stan the Man: The Life and Times of Stan Musial, →ISBN, page 49:

Between 1996 and 2003, Lewis was a baseball nomad. At various times he signed contracts with San Diego, Detroit, Oakland, Cincinnati, Philadelphia, the New York Mets, Cleveland, and the Chicago Cubs.

2015, Pete Cava, Indiana-Born Major League Baseball Players, →ISBN:

(figuratively, sports) A player who changes teams frequently.


longboard

In the past three weeks on Victoria's Surfcoast I've ridden my longboard probably 90% of the time as well. — Coastalwatch.com.au http://www.coastalwatch.com.au/news/news.aspx?newsId=55&newsType=admin&adType=news

(surfing) A large surfboard, around 9 or 10 feet long with a wide nose.


goat boat

en-verb

goat boat (third-person singular simple present goat boats, present participle goat boating, simple past and past participle goat boated)

goat boats (present singular third-person)
goat boating (participle present)
goat boated (participle past)
goat boated (past)

Do us surfers a favour please and goat boat at Nobblers or Sumpters - please. — BBC Cable Bay message forum https://web.archive.org/web/20040207131935/http://www.bbc.co.uk/wales/northwest/sites/surfing/pages/cablebay.shtml

(surfing, mildly derogatory) to ride a wave ski.


Huey

en-proper noun

Huey (countable and uncountable, plural Hueys)

The spilt milk would be offered as a gift to Surf God Huey who would surely reward our kindness with sick waves. — surfingnz.com, Road Trip #6

(uncountable, surfing) Imaginary god who creates surf (waves, and associated conditions), generally used humorously.


glasser

The glasser wraps the board in a thin, brittle layer of fiberglass and resin

1999 January 5, Surfer Magazine, archived from the original on 2005-09-30:

(surfing) A person who applies fibreglass and resin to a surfboard during its manufacture.


wind swell

Ground swell is sometimes defined as having a period (the average time between the crests of two consecutive waves) of more than 15 seconds, while a locally generated wind swell can be defined as having a period of 11 seconds or less.

2005, Matt Warshaw, The Encyclopedia of Surfing, page 239:

(surfing) Waves generated by local winds.


ghost image

From ghost (noun sense 3, via noun sense 4).

(photography) Any undesired image appearing at the image plane of an optical system; either a false image of the desired object, or an out-of-focus image of a bright source of light in the field of the optical system.


duck dive

en-verb

duck dive (third-person singular simple present duck dives, present participle duck diving, simple past and past participle duck dived)

duck dives (present singular third-person)
duck diving (participle present)
duck dived (participle past)
duck dived (past)

From the way a duck puts its head down and bottom up in the air when diving underwater.

(surfing) To push one's surfboard (usually a shortboard) underwater nose-first, to get the surfer and board under a wave that has broken or is just about to break.


duck dive

(surfing) The action of duck diving (see verb).


thunderbolt

Substitute Niko Kranjcar's injury-time thunderbolt gave Tottenham a dramatic win over Bolton.

2011 February 5, Michael Kevin Darling, “Tottenham 2 - 1 Bolton”, in BBC:

(heraldry) A charge in the form of two joined bundles with four rays of lightning emerging from them, resembling the thunderbolt of Jupiter.


shaper

From Middle English shapper, shapere, schapare, scaper, scheppere, schuppere, alteration (perhaps due to Old Norse skaperi, skapari) of Old English sċyppend, sċieppend (“shaper; maker; creator”), equivalent to shape + -er. Cognate with Dutch schepper, German Schöpfer, Danish skaber, Swedish skapare, Icelandic skapari.

en:person who designs and builds surfboards

(agent noun) Any agent that shapes (something), whether literally or figuratively.

(surfing) A person who designs and builds surfboards.


scarpe

[…] Argent, three bendlets engrailed sable; over all a scarpe gules - BLAGE, Kent.

1894, Henry Gough, James Parker, A Glossary of Terms Used in Heraldry, page 55:

Bonfiglioli : Bendy sinister of eight or and gules. Later on this is surmounted of a bend of France ancient, an augmentation, no doubt. Another representation gives : Or, three scarps gules, with the same bend of France ancient surmounting.

1901, Howel Wills, Florentine Heraldry: A Supplement to the Guide-books, page 130:

[…] in bend an arrow, its shaft debruised by two scarpes couped Or; […]

1992, Donald R. Mandich, Joseph Anthony Placek, Russian Heraldry and Nobility, Dramco Pub:

(heraldry) Alternative form of scrape (“diminutive bend”)


kook cord

As recently as 1971, surf leashes were called "kook cords" by a surfing world that grew up thinking that a surfer must pay for his mistakes by swimming.

2000, Ben Marcus, surfline.com http://www.surfline.com/surfaz/surfaz.cfm?id=921


drop in

drop in (third-person singular simple present drops in, present participle dropping in, simple past and past participle dropped in)

drops in (present singular third-person)
dropping in (participle present)
dropped in (participle past)
dropped in (past)

Most beginners are blissfully unaware that dropping in on someone is a cardinal sin.

2003, Neal Miyake, “The Unwritten Rules of Surfing”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name), archived from the original on 2005-10-14:

(surfing, intransitive) To paddle into and take off on a wave another surfer is already riding.


beach break

(surfing, slang) The place where waves break, at a beach (as distinguished from other types of breaks).


ripost

From French riposte, taken from Italian risposta, a derivative of the verb rispondere (“to respond”).

(fencing) A thrust given in return after parrying a lunge.


pope's living room

From the tube (i.e. tubular wave) being a highly desirable place and imagining the Pope has the privilege of going there or being there all the time.

It was the layback, a casual declaration of civil disobedience in the pope's living room, our own aquatic limbo act.

2001, Jason Borte, surfline.com http://www.surfline.com/surfaz/surfaz.cfm?id=847

(surfing slang) The inside of a tube (i.e. of a wave making a tube).


leggie

I'm still top leggie, says Warne [article title]

2004 February 12, Chloe Saltau, The Age:

(cricket) A leg spin bowler, ie. leg spinner.


crosscheck

(ice hockey) An illegal maneuver where a player strikes another with the shaft of his stick, or the penalty thereby incurred.

(lacrosse) A penalty where a player hits another player with the shaft of their lacrosse stick with their hands spread apart.


crosscheck

crosscheck (third-person singular simple present crosschecks, present participle crosschecking, simple past and past participle crosschecked)

crosschecks (present singular third-person)
crosschecking (participle present)
crosschecked (participle past)
crosschecked (past)

(ice hockey) To commit the infraction of checking an opponent by using the shaft of one's stick with both hands.

He picked up a roughing penalty for crosschecking Montreal’s Andrei Kostitsyn to the ice Tuesday after Kostitsyn hit Boston defenseman Aaron Ward from behind.

2009 January 16, Dave Caldwell, “Goalie Takes a Long Trip to Reach the N.H.L.”, in New York Times:

(lacrosse) To hit another player with the shaft of a lacrosse stick.


throw-in

(soccer, rugby, basketball, handball) A set-piece where the ball is thrown back into play


all-around

(sports) a gymnastic event featuring several individual exercises


Premiership

/ˈpɹɛmɪəʃɪp/

(British, soccer) the Premier League of English association football

(British, rugby) Premiership Rugby, the top division of English rugby union


turn turtle

turn turtle (third-person singular simple present turns turtle, present participle turning turtle, simple past and past participle turned turtle)

turns turtle (present singular third-person)
turning turtle (participle present)
turned turtle (participle past)
turned turtle (past)

/ˈtɜːn ˈtɜːtəl/

Possibly from the fact that turning a turtle and placing it on its back renders it helpless.

As you encounter waves on the way out, you have five ways of getting past them: […] Turn turtle. Turn upside down and hang onto the rails (i.e., the edges) near the nose of the board, pulling it downward, so that the oncoming wave pushes on this slanted shield, forcing you and the forward part of the board downward[…].

2009, Robert “Wingnut” Weaver, with Scott Bannerot, “Getting Started: A Complete Mini-primer”, in Wingnut’s Complete Surfing, Camden, Me., New York, N.Y.: International Marine; McGraw-Hill, →ISBN, page 23:

(intransitive, surfing) To roll upside down with one's surfboard (usually a longboard) to allow a wave, especially a wave that has already broken, to pass over.


periodization

en-noun

periodization (countable and uncountable, plural periodizations)

(weightlifting, sports) Training in segments of a few weeks or months, so that training begins at lower intensity and is gradually increased to high intensity.


who ate all the pies

Who ate all the pies? Who ate all the pies? You fat bastard, you fat bastard, you ate all the pies. Loser!

(British, soccer, colloquial, derogatory, rhetorical question) Used pejoratively against a fat person.


crossbar

From Middle English crose bar, equivalent to cross- + bar.

The effervescent Suarez then went close again as he worked space for a shot after a mazy run but could not keep his close-range shot below the crossbar.

2012 April 22, Sam Sheringham, “Liverpool 0-1 West Brom”, in BBC Sport:


passing

passing (countable and uncountable, plural passings)

(sports) The act of passing a ball etc. to another player.


CBD

CBD (countable and uncountable, plural CBDs or CBD's)

(hairdressing) Initialism of cut and blow-dry.


woodwork

woodwork (usually uncountable, plural woodworks)

From Middle English woodewerk (“carpentry”), equivalent to wood + work.

That goal was so close, it went in off the woodwork.

Carroll thought he had equalised with his header against the bar with eight minutes left. Liverpool claimed the ball had cross the line and Chelsea were grateful for a miraculous intervention from Cech to turn his effort on to the woodwork.

2012 May 5, Phil McNulty, “Chelsea 2-1 Liverpool”, in BBC Sport:

(soccer, rugby) The frame of the goal, i.e. the goalpost or crossbar.


riposte

(fencing) A thrust given in return after parrying an attack.


riposte

en-verb

riposte (third-person singular simple present ripostes, present participle riposting, simple past and past participle riposted)

ripostes (present singular third-person)
riposting (participle present)
riposted (participle past)
riposted (past)

(fencing) To attempt to hit an opponent after parrying an attack.

ripostera

fencing: to attempt to hit an opponent after parrying an attack


deck grip

(surfing) Rubber non-slip pads glued to the top of a surfboard to stand on.


tail pad

And it's cheap—a bar of wax usually costs around $1.00 and will last for weeks (depending on how often you surf), whereas a tail pad (the cheapest deck grip you can buy) costs around $30.

2009, Louise Southerden, Surf's Up: The Girl's Guide to Surfing:

(surfing) A deck grip pad at the rear (ie. tail) of a surfboard, for the surfer's back foot to stand on.


closeout

Dealing with closeouts is something every surfer should learn – especially if you live and surf in California.

2004, Chris Cote, “HOW TO Backside Closeout Snap with Andy Irons - Ending your ride with style and drama.”, in Transworld Surf:

(surfing) A wave which breaks all at once, as opposed to breaking progressively along its length.


sceat

Learned borrowing from Old English sceatt.

lbor

1840, Ancient Laws and Institutes of England, Volume 2, Commissioners on the Public Records of the Kingdom, unnumbered page,
In the Anglo-Saxon laws there is no passage from which the value of the ‘sceat’ can be ascertained with certainty, though from some places in the laws of Ethelbirht it would appear, that, in Kent at least, 20 sceats were equal to 1 scilling.

1862, Eben William Robertson, Scotland Under Her Early Kings, Edmonston and Douglas, page 347,
The Obolus and the Scruple appear to have been equally familiar to the Anglo-Saxons under the names of the older sceat and penny. The Kentishmen seem to have resembled the Franks in their coinage as well as in their Wergilds, for their scilling weighed 20 sceats; and as the scilling was only a corruption of the Roman sicilicus (the shekel), or quarter-ounce weight, the Kentish ounce must have contained 80 sceats or 40 pence; in other words it was the old Salic solidus of 40 scruples, often met with in later times under the name of mancus, or heavier ounce of 30 Carlovingian (or sterling), and 40 Merovingian pence, or scruples.

(numismatics, historical) A small Anglo-Saxon coin, especially one made of silver; sometimes regarded as a weight (and thus a comparative measure of a coin's value).


close out

en-verb

close out (third-person singular simple present closes out, present participle closing out, simple past and past participle closed out)

closes out (present singular third-person)
closing out (participle present)
closed out (participle past)
closed out (past)

You either want to land on the top of the wave (if it has closed out), or in the transition

2005, 'Pete Devries, Surfing Vancouver Island:

(surfing) Of a wave, to break all at once, instead of progressively along its length.


eight pack

You could be one of those genetically gifted individuals who has the potential to show off an eight-pack instead of a six.

2006, David Zinczenko, The Abs Diet, page 263:

(bodybuilding) An exceptionally well-developed set of abdominal muscles in which eight distinct portions of muscle are visible.


pythons

Apparently originating from an analogy between the distention of the arm muscles and the distended belly of a python that has swallowed a large animal.

I read in another magazine about a workout that can put a whole inch on your arms in just one day! Obviously that sounds awesome, because my guns are only 15 inches. I figure I could do this workout every couple months and within a year, I will have the big 20-inch pythons!

2010, Mark Alvisi (quote from a reader), "Mark of a Champion", Muscular Development 47(1): 350

(bodybuilding, slang) Large and well-developed muscles in the upper arm.


cutback

The cutback is one of the sport's three fundamental turns, along with the bottom turn and top turn. "It's the purest power move in the book," Australian surf journalist Nick Carroll wrote in 2000.

2005, Matt Warshaw, The Encyclopedia of Surfing, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, →ISBN, page 146:

(surfing) Maneuver where the surfer turns and surfs back towards where the wave is breaking.

Lee Barnard swung at Chaplow's cutback and missed completely and then was just too far away to connect with Harding's flashing ball across the face of goal.

2011 January 29, Ian Hughes, “Southampton 1 - 2 Man Utd”, in BBC:

Before the interval an Alibade strike ricocheted off the back of Bright after Ifeoma Onumonu’s cutback. Then in added time Uchenna Kanu smacked a header off the top of the bar.

2023 August 7, Suzanne Wrack, “England beat Nigeria on penalties to reach Women’s World Cup quarter-finals”, in The Guardian:

(soccer) An offensive pass played into a position further from the attacking goal line.


hammy

He put his palms flat on the ground, then grabbed the back of his knees, stretching his hammies for the millionth time that morning.

1999, Melissa Lucashenko, Hard Yards, University of Queensland Press, page 129:

“A move like this would have been inpossible for me before yoga,” he said. “Flexibilty-wise, I was struggling. My hammies were tight, my groin was tight. My hips have really benefited.”

2003, John Capouya, Real Men Do Yoga: 21 Star Athletes Reveal Their Secrets for Strength, Flexibility and Peak Performance, page 150:

I've noticed that although cycling keeps me reasonably "cardio fit", I am losing general flexibility, e.g. when touching my toes. This is despite me stretching my quads, calves, and hammies during and after my training rides.

2003 June 10, Andrew Swan, “Good complementary exercise to cycling?”, in aus.bicycle (Usenet):

2004, J. L. Roberts, Braggin' Rights: Fantasy Football Rewind 2004 (2003 Season Recap), AuthorHouse USA, page 83,
A slow start and hammy injury were major contributors.

(US, Australia, New Zealand, chiefly sports, slang) The hamstring.

A: I′m only just getting fully fit now after that hammy [hamstring tear].

2000, Mark B. Andersen, Doing Sport Psychology, page 96:

Why he went back on after 3/4 time is beyond me. If he was trying to prove a point he has all season to do that not do your hammy in the first game.

2009 March 26, Phil, “So Cousins does a hammy”, in aus.sport.aussie-rules (Usenet):

(US, Australia, New Zealand, chiefly sports, slang) A hamstring injury.


muscle dysmorphia

(bodybuilding, psychology) A disorder in which a person becomes obsessed with the idea that they are not muscular enough.


rock hard

He was pale but rock-hard from exercise, and still had a grunt's haircut.

2007-2008, quoted in Best Newspaper Writing, 2007-2008, page 367

Workout complete – Miles body was rock hard.

2010, Andre Maxwell Jacob, And Then There Was Life!, page 229:

(bodybuilding) With muscles developed and toned to a high degree, especially the muscles of the abdomen.


guns

And there's still no better way to throw down the fitness gauntlet than to roll up your sleeves and unveil some powerful guns.

2005, Joe Kita, editor, Men's Health Best: Arms, page 6:

I read in another magazine about a workout that can put a whole inch on your arms in just one day! Obviously that sounds awesome, because my guns are only 15 inches.

(bodybuilding, slang) Well-developed muscles of the upper arm, especially the biceps and triceps.


rocker

From Middle English rokker, rockere, rokkere, equivalent to rock + -er.

All modern surfboards share a similar rocker design — Bruce Jones https://web.archive.org/web/20051212041317/http://www.brucejones.com/longboar.htm

(surfing) The lengthwise curvature of a surfboard. (More rocker is a more curved board.)


cheater five

(surfing) A form of hang five move, but where the surfer keeps their body and their weight well back from the front of the board and just reaches out with one leg to get five toes over the nose (as opposed to standing properly at the front).


hang five

hang five (third-person singular simple present hangs five, present participle hanging five, simple past and past participle hung five)

hangs five (present singular third-person)
hanging five (participle present)
hung five (participle past)
hung five (past)

(surfing) To perform a longboard move where the surfer goes to the front of the board and rides from there, one foot on the nose and the five toes of that foot extended out over the front of the nose, the other foot placed further back.


hang ten

hang ten (third-person singular simple present hangs ten, present participle hanging ten, simple past and past participle hung ten)

hangs ten (present singular third-person)
hanging ten (participle present)
hung ten (participle past)
hung ten (past)

(surfing) To perform a stunt on a longboard in which a surfer moves to the front of the board and rides with ten toes extended out over the nose, after positioning the board so the back of it is covered and held in place by a wave.


compo

en-noun

compo (countable and uncountable, plural compos)

(cricket) A type of practice cricket ball made of cork and rubber.


coffin ride

(surfing) A longboard move where the surfer lies down on their back on the board with hands folded across their chest as if in a coffin, and continues down the line in that pose.


twelfth man

(cricket, rare in the plural) A designated substitute player who may field but not bat or bowl.


second string

(sports) A unit of players which is considered to have a secondary level of talent and which usually plays after the first string.


hit and run

hit and run (countable and uncountable, plural hit and runs)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-hit and run.wav

(baseball) A play in baseball where the baserunners leave their base before the batter hits the ball, assuming that the batter will in fact hit the ball and this will give them an advantage.


braced

three chevronels braced in base

(heraldry, of multiple figures of the same form) Interlaced.


spin bowler

(cricket) A bowler who bowls the ball (in cricket) relatively slowly, with spin on it, such that the ball moves in an irregular manner after it bounces; as opposed to a fast bowler.


vascularity

vascularity (countable and uncountable, plural vascularities)

Reduced bodyfat brought out the vascularity in his arms.

(bodybuilding): The degree to which the veins in a body part are visible.


pop out

en-verb

pop out (third-person singular simple present pops out, present participle popping out, simple past and past participle popped out)

pops out (present singular third-person)
popping out (participle present)
popped out (participle past)
popped out (past)

(baseball, softball) To be retired after three strikes, including a popout (pop fly) on the third strike.


muscularity

en-noun

muscularity (countable and uncountable, plural muscularities)

Focussed exercise brought out the muscularity in her calves.

(bodybuilding) The degree to which the muscles in a body part are developed.


muscle shirt

So called because they display the muscles; these shirts were stereotypically associated with surfers and bodybuilders.

(bodybuilding) A sleeveless shirt tailored to display the muscles of the body.

背心 (bèixīn) (no exact equivalent exists; lit. "sleeveless shirt")


muscleman

(bodybuilding) A man with developed muscles.


tweener

Crowder was 6-foot-6 and 230 pounds, so those scouts naturally called him a tweener — a power forward in a wing player’s body. The Celtics forward admits to even going along with the stereotype.

2015 June 22, Mark Murphy, “NBA Draft: Celtics” Jae Crowder heads up NBA trend for ex-tweeners”, in Boston Herald:

“Isaac plays fast, never stops,” said Coach Parker, who labels him as “a tweener.” ¶ That means he’s big and strong enough to take care of business in the middle of the line, and quick and agile enough to cover the flanks and harass the quarterback.

2023 August 24, Fred Jeter, “VUU’s Anderson draws national ‘Watch’”, in Richmond Free Press:

(informal) A person or thing that is between two categories, classes or age groups.

(sports, chiefly basketball) A person who plays at two positions, especially if not good enough at either to be restricted to it.

Undoubtedly, his record versus welterweights (147 pounds) is better than against full-blown middleweights (160 pounds). Being a tweener, Graziano probably would have campaigned as a junior middleweight (154 pounds) if he fought today.

2023, Rod Honecker, Brick City Grudge Match: Tony Zale and Rocky Graziano Battle in Newark, 1948, Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company, →ISBN, page 146:

(boxing) A boxer in various newcomer weight classes whose names often contain super, light or junior.

There are old-school wrestlers, submission wrestlers, hardcore wrestlers, hillbilly wrestlers, masked Mexican lucha libre wrestlers, shoot wrestlers, and wrestlers who just talk a lot and never actually wrestle. There are babyfaces (good guys), heels (bad guys), ’tweeners, and crossovers.

2006, Thomas Hackett, Slaphappy: Pride, Prejudice, and Professional Wrestling, New York, NY: HarperCollins, →ISBN, page 21:

When Crockett hit TBS, [Ric] Flair was a babyface within its territory, but a heel in the areas he visited as champion, so it compromised, and on TBS, he became a “tweener” who took on all comers.

2015 May, David Bixenspan, “The Real World Champion”, in Fighting Spirit Magazine, number 118, Bournemouth: Uncooked Media Ltd, →ISSN, page 53:

professional wrestler
professional wrestler

(professional wrestling, slang) A professional wrestler who is neutral or morally ambiguous; neither a face nor a heel, or showing no favoritism to either allegiance.

The No 2 seed dismissed the challenge of the world No 82, Panna Udvardy of Hungary, in just over an hour with eight aces, 27 winners and even a tweener, treating the crowd to her power and athleticism on her return to Wimbledon after missing the event last year because of the ban on Russians and Belarusians competing.

2023 July 4, Simon Cambers, “Sabalenka and Jabeur delight the crowds with a tweener and touch”, in The Guardian:

(sports, chiefly tennis) A shot that is hit between the legs.


cauliflower ear

cauliflower ear (plural cauliflower ears)

A huge man with a notable cauliflower ear was peering into the car, a scowl of suspicion upon his face.

1928 February 25 – March 3, Arthur Conan Doyle, “When the World Screamed”, in The Professor Challenger Stories […], London: John Murray, […], published [1952], →OCLC, page 560:

Having gone in a lot for boxing from his earliest years, he had the cauliflower ear of which I had spoken to Aunt Dahlia and in addition to this a nose which some hidden hand had knocked slightly out of the straight.

1960, P[elham] G[renville] Wodehouse, chapter III, in Jeeves in the Offing, London: Herbert Jenkins, →OCLC:

(boxing, wrestling, sports) An ear swollen and deformed by repeated blows, common among boxers and rugby players.


scuba diving

(underwater diving) Underwater swimming using scuba equipment.


popinjay

/ˈpɑpənˌd͡ʒeɪ/

From Middle English popinjay, popyngeay, popingay, popejay, from Anglo-Norman papegai, papejoie et al., (northern) Old French papejai (“parrot”), probably from Old Occitan papagay (compare Occitan papagai, Catalan papagai), ultimately from Arabic بَبْغَاء (babḡāʔ, “parrot”), of imitative origin.

(archery) A target to shoot at, typically stuffed with feathers or plumage.


combined

The race events are downhill, slalom, giant slalom, Super G, and combineds, with each giving points in the same way.

1985, Skiing, volume 37, number 7, page 16:


bucket shop

(heraldry) A company that sells coats of arms associated with the customer's surname, regardless of whether the customer can claim any relation to the original armiger.


on-side kick

(sports) A play in American football whereby the team performing the kick-off kicks the ball the minimum distance (ten yards in most levels of play) in an attempt to immediately regain possession of the ball.


Common Era

Originally Vulgar Era. The English phrase "common Era" appears at least as early as 1708, and by 1715 is used synonymously with "Christian Era" and "Vulgar Era".

The second Book is divided into eight Chapters, treats of the origin of the Greek Characters, and changes that happen'd in them, to the fourth Century of the common Era.

1708 January, The History of the Works of the Learned, volume 10, London: Printed for H. Rhodes, retrieved 2011-10-31, page 513:

Some say the World was created 3950 Years before the common Æra of Christ

1715, David Gregory with John Nicholson and John Morphew, The Elements of Astronomy, Physical and Geometrical, volume v. 1 (Astronomy), London: printed for J. Nicholson, and sold by J. Morphew, retrieved 2008-01-05, page 252:

The vulgar Era, or Anno Domini; the fourth year of Jesus Christ, the first of which was but eight days." In its article on General Chronology, the 1908 Catholic Encyclopedia stated that "Foremost among these (dating eras) is that which is now adopted by all civilized peoples and known as the Christian, Vulgar or Common Era, in the twentieth century of which we are now living.

1835, Alexander Campbell, Living Oracles:

1796 years before the common era, and 1020 before the first Olympiad.

1770, William Hooper with Jacob Friedrich Bielfeld, The Elements of Universal Eurdition (v. 2), London: G. Scott, printer, for J Robson, bookseller in New-Bond Street, and B. Law in Ave-Mary Lane, retrieved 2007-09-13, page p 105:

(chronology) The secular equivalent of anno Domini and the Christian Era, the internationally recognized method of numbering years on the Gregorian calendar.

но́вата е́ра

на́шей э́ры f (nášej éry) (genitive of на́ша э́ра (náša éra))


slog-sweep

(cricket) a shot played, on one knee, with a horizontal bat, hitting the ball hard into the air on the leg side


slog-sweep

en-verb

slog-sweep (third-person singular simple present slog-sweeps, present participle slog-sweeping, simple past and past participle slog-swept)

slog-sweeps (present singular third-person)
slog-sweeping (participle present)
slog-swept (participle past)
slog-swept (past)


ding

ding (third-person singular simple present dings, present participle dinging, simple past dinged or (obsolete) dang, past participle dinged or (obsolete) dung)

dings (present singular third-person)
dinging (participle present)
dinged (past)
dang (obsolete past)
dinged (participle past)
dung (obsolete participle past)

From Middle English dingen, dyngen (strong verb), from Old English *dingan (“to ding”), from Proto-West Germanic *dingwan, from Proto-Germanic *dingwaną (“to beat”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰen- (“to beat, push”).
Related to Old English denġan, denċġan (“to ding, knock, beat, strike”, weak verb) and Old Norse dengja (“to hammer”, weak verb); both from Proto-Germanic *dangijaną (“to beat, hammer, peen”), causative of *dingwaną.
Cognate with Icelandic dengja (“to hammer”), Swedish dänga (“to bang, beat”), Danish dænge (“to bang, beat”), German tengeln, dengeln (“to peen”).

cog

(transitive, golf) To mishit (a golf ball).


blowout

The game between the two teams was nothing but a blowout.

In World Cup soccer, Mexico defeated Cameroon one to nothing. Or as it's known in soccer, a blowout.

2014, Norm Macdonald Live, season 2, episode 12, spoken by Norm Macdonald:

This is not a land of blowouts. It’s a middle ground, and that’s reflected in voter registration rolls. Nearly 2.6 million North Carolinians declare themselves unaffiliated, while just over 2.4 million identify as Democrats and just under 2.2 million as Republicans. We don’t tilt. We teeter.

2023 May 4, Frank Bruni, “Republicans Are Running Wild in My State”, in The New York Times:

(slang, chiefly sports) A contest that is decidedly one-sided; an overwhelming victory.

en:damage at exit side of drilled hole or sawn edge

(carpentry, woodworking) The damage done to the exit side of a drilled hole or sawn edge when no sacrificial backerboard is used during the drilling or sawing: the drill bit's or sawblade's exit on the far side causes chips of wood to be broken from the edge.


blow out

en-verb

blow out (third-person singular simple present blows out, present participle blowing out, simple past blew out, past participle blown out)

blows out (present singular third-person)
blowing out (participle present)
blew out (past)
blown out (participle past)

From Middle English blow out, blowe out, dissimilated forms of earlier Middle English outblowen, ut-blawen (> English outblow), equivalent to blow + out. Compare West Frisian útblaze (“to blow out”), Dutch uitblazen (“to blow out”), German ausblähen and ausblasen (“to blow out”), Danish blæse ud (“to blow out”), Swedish blåsa ut (“to blow out”).

The No. 1-rated football team proceeded to blow out its undermanned opponent.

(sports, transitive) In a sporting contest, to dominate and defeat an opposing team, especially by a large scoring margin.


lacrosse

Borrowed from Canadian French la crosse (“the stick”).

bor+

(sports) A sport played on a field between two opposing teams using sticks (crosses) and a ball, whereby one team defeats the other by scoring more goals within the allotted time.


lodged

(heraldry) Lying down, with head raised; used of beasts of the chase (deer, etc), as couchant is used of beasts of prey (lions, etc).


kooky

en-adj

kooky (comparative kookier, superlative kookiest)

kookier (comparative)
kookiest (superlative)

From Kook to Classic A new appreciation for the grace (and glory) of longboardsmanship changed the image of longboarding from kooky to classic. Longboarding became a class-act and the classic essence of the surfing lifestyle.

1996, Doug Werner, Longboarder's Start-up: A Guide to Longboard Surfing (Start-up Sports; #6), San Diego, Calif.: Tracks Publishing, →ISBN, page 10:

I realized that the strain of the aloha spirit that surfing was bringing out in me was extremely aggressive. […] In my third week I had a revelation. I returned to Seal Beach, where Kim was still in school with the Michaels, and paddled straight out to the pier. I looked around and realized that the lineup was all kooks. In fact, I was the least kooky. I couldn't believe it. Where was the gang?

2010, Peter Heller, Kook: What Surfing Taught Me about Love, Life, and Catching the Perfect Wave, New York, N.Y.: Free Press, →ISBN:

(surfing) Behaving like a kook (a person with poor style or skill); kook-like.


kisser

(archery) A button on a bowstring that indicates consistent height when drawing a bow, for example by being placed against the archer's mouth .


flashcube

(photography) A rotating cube containing a flashbulb in each of four sides


Paralympian

From Paralympic + -ian (suffix with the sense ‘having a certain profession’ forming nouns, or with the sense ‘from, like, or related to’ forming adjectives). Paralympic is a blend of paraplegic + Olympic; the Paralympic Games were originally organized for persons with paraplegia from spinal injuries, but are now participated in by sportspersons with all kinds of disabilities.

suffix

DICK MADURO … Paralympian

1960 September 19, Amaldo Cortesi, “Paralympic Games open at Rome Olympics site”, in St. Petersburg Times, volume 77, number 57, St. Petersburg, Fla.: The Times Publishing Co., →OCLC, section C (Sports), image caption, page 4-C, column 3:

These are the "Paralympians," the wheelchair athletes of the world, whose own Olympics will be held in Tokyo immediately after the regular Olympiad. […] I spoke to two young Paralympians from the Long Beach area the other day, Frank Vecera and Bill Johnson. "I am only half here," Frank Vecera confided. He smiled when he said it.

1964 September 30, Jim Murray, “Better half”, in Nick B[oddie] Williams, editor, Los Angeles Times, volume LXXXIII, number 291, Los Angeles, Calif.: Times Mirror Company, →OCLC, part III (Sports), page 1, columns 1–2:

Our athletes, Olympians and Paralympians, joined together in April to represent the 1994 U.S. Olympic Team in a visit to President [Bill] Clinton at the White House.

1994 August 11, LeRoy T. Walker, “Prepared Statement of Dr. LeRoy T. Walker”, in Oversight of Activities of the Olympic Committee: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Consumer of the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, United States Senate, One Hundred Third Congress, Second Session […] (S. Hrg. 103-724), Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, →ISBN, page 17:

In the summer of 1996, our nation cheered the performance and achievements of the U.S. women Olympians and Paralympians. The images of strong, active women were inspiring, a long way from the days when females were relegated to "lady-like" sports and young girls were left on the sidelines while their brothers played.

1997 spring, Sandra Perlmutter, “Message from the President’s Council on Physical Fitness and Sports”, in Linda K. Bunker, editor, Physical Activity & Sport in the Lives of Girls: Physical & Mental Health Dimensions from an Interdisciplinary Approach: Executive Summary: The President’s Council on Physical Fitness and Sports: Report […], Washington, D.C.: President’s Council on Physical Fitness and Sports, →OCLC, page 5:

Marla [Runyan] has been legally blind for more than 20 years. Marla ran the 1500-meter race at the Sydney Summer Olympics in 2000 to finish eighth, while becoming the first Paralympian to compete in the Olympics.

2003 December, Susan Greenwald, “Victories by and for the Disabled”, in Michael J. Bandler, editor, U.S. Society & Values: Electronic Journal of the U.S. Department of State: Sports in America, volume 8, number 2, Washington, D.C.: Bureau of International Information Programs, U.S. Department of State, →OCLC, page 20, column 2:

James Mastro is a seven-time paralympian who has earned ten medals in four different sports and is a professor in the department of professional and physical education at Bemidji State University in Bemidji, Minnesota.

2014, James Mastro, Christopher Ahrens, Nathan Statton, “Paralympians are Inspirations for All”, in Thomas Riggs & Company, editor, Are Athletes Good Role Models? (At Issue), Farmington Hills, Minn.: Greenhaven Press, Gale, Cengage Learning, →ISBN, page 55:

Many authors caution us against overusing terms like “amazing” relative to Paralympians’ achievements, and all scholars encourage us to treat them respectfully in linguistic terms that get rid of labels ranging from “supercrips” to “exotics.” […] Many such Paralympians simply want to be known as sportspeople, their various activities known as sport, if adaptive.

2018, Linda K. Fuller, “Gendered Implications of Olympic and the Paralympic Events”, in Female Olympian and Paralympian Events: Analyses, Backgrounds, and Timelines, Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan, Springer International Publishing, →DOI, →ISBN, page 15:

[…] [Tatiane] Hilgemberg [Figueiredo] shows how the media began to use more sports-related terms in describing paralympians but notes also the continued persistence of the medical model and supercrip stereotypes within the coverage.

2019, Mike Kent, Rachel Robertson, Katie Ellis, Rosemarie Garland-Thomson, “Looking to the Future for Critical Disability Studies”, in Katie Ellis, Rosemarie Garland-Thomson, Mike Kent, Rachel Robertson, editors, Interdisciplinary Approaches to Disability: Looking towards the Future (Interdisciplinary Disability Studies), volume 2, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, New York, N.Y.: Routledge, →ISBN:

Through all the challenges Paralympians face, the number of athletes at each Games continue to grow in both winter and summer sports due, in part, to additional media coverage in many countries and more programs developing throughout the world. Even with mountains in their way, Paralympians still find a way to succeed.

2019, Josh Pauls, “From Humble Beginnings”, in Lessons Learned: My Journey to the Podium, Victoria, B.C.: FriesenPress, →ISBN, page 103:

(sports) One who competes in the Paralympic Games.

بَارَالَمْبِيّ

one who competes in the Paralympic Games


slips

(cricket) the area of the field covered by fielders in the slip positions; the slip fielders collectively


bouldering

(climbing) Climbing, without ropes, on large boulders or boulder-sized objects.


dormant

From Middle English, from Old French, from Latin dormiēns, present participle of dormiō (“I sleep”).

a lion dormant

(heraldry) In a sleeping posture; distinguished from couchant.


kesho-mawashi

Borrowed from Japanese 化粧廻し (“ornamental belt”).

(sumo) A decorative mawashi worn by a sekitori during the ring-entering ceremony.


sticky wicket

(cricket) A pitch that has become wet because of rain and therefore on which the ball bounces unpredictably.


three-quarter

England's superior conditioning began to show in the final quarter and as the game began to break up, their three-quarters began to stamp their authority on the game. And when Foden went on a mazy run from inside his own 22 and put Ashton in for a long-range try, any threat of an upset was when and truly snuffed out.

2011 September 18, Ben Dirs, “Rugby World Cup 2011: England 41-10 Georgia”, in BBC Sport:

(rugby) A player positioned between the half-backs and the full-backs (properly a three-quarter back)


provisional

/pɹəˈvɪʒənəl/

From Middle French provisionnal (compare French provisionnel).

(philately) A postage stamp issued locally before an official issue is released.


garter

From Middle English garter, from Old Northern French gartier, from Old French garet (compare Old French jartier, from jaret), from Gaulish *garrā, from Proto-Celtic *garros (“calf, shank”) (compare Cornish gar, Cornish gar,Middle Welsh garr, Old Irish gairr). Cognate with French jarretière.


sanyaku

Borrowed from Japanese 三役, literally "three ranks".

(sumo) Any of the three highest ranks of sumo wrestler: komusubi, sekiwake and ozeki, together with the honorary title of yokozuna.


komusubi

Sekiwake Tochinoshin (3-2) picked up a much-needed win against komusubi Chiyotairyu (1-4) after suffering his second loss the previous day.

2018 March 15, “Kakuryu makes most of second opportunity against Takarafuji”, in Japan Times, archived from the original on 2018-04-21:

(sumo) A sumo wrestler of the lowest sanyaku rank, below sekiwake and above maegashira.


ozeki

Terunofuji is the first in 64 years to be promoted to ozeki after spending two tournaments as a komusubi or sekiwake and the first since the season went to six meets in 1958.

2015 May 27, “Terunofuji promoted to ozeki after victory”, in Japan Times, archived from the original on 2018-05-09:

Former ozeki Hokutenyu, who held sumo’s second-highest rank for 44 tournaments […] died of kidney cancer at a Tokyo hospital on Friday at the age of 45.

2006 June 25, “Former ozeki Hokutenyu dies at 45”, in Japan Times:

(sumo) A sumo wrestler ranking below yokozuna and above sekiwake; champion.


sekiwake

Are there special standards for promotion to sekiwake or komusubi? No. The same standards apply as for promotion within the maegashira ranks.

2018, “Standards for Sumo ranking chart”, in Ozumo.com, archived from the original on 2018-04-17:

(sumo) A sumo wrestler ranked below ozeki and above komusubi.


makuuchi

Japanese 幕内 (maku-uchi まくうち, "inside the curtain"), from Middle Chinese 幕 (mak "curtain", "covering") + Japanese うち (uchi "inside").

(sumo) The highest division of sumo wrestling, above juryo, comprising the yokozuna, ozeki, sekiwake, komusubi and maegashira ranks.


juryo

Borrowed from Japanese 十両(じゅうりょう) (jūryō, “ten ryō”), from Middle Chinese 十 (dʒip, “ten”) + 兩 (ljáng, “tael”).

ja-r

十両(じゅうりょう) (jūryō, “ten ryō”)

(sumo) The second highest division in sumo wrestling, below makuuchi and above makushita; rikishi at this point receive a salary.


honbasho

(sumo) Any of the six official sumo tournaments.


dohyo-iri

(sumo) a ring-entering ceremony performed by rikishi, in the juryo and higher divisions, upon entering the dohyo


dohyo matsuri

(sumo) A Shinto ceremony in which the dohyo is purified and blessed prior to each basho.


makushita

(sumo) The third highest division of professional sumo wrestling, below juryo; the lowest division at which a salary is paid.


thruster

From thrust + -er. The surfboard sense was coined (but never trademarked) by Simon Anderson, who created the design in 1980. The name was almost immediately applied generically to any surfboard with that fin design.

(surfing) A surfboard (usually a shortboard) with three fins of approximately equal size, one centred at the back, one on each side about 25cm forward and out near the rails.


rikishi

From Japanese 力士 (りきし rikishi), from Middle Chinese 力士 (lik-dʐí), from Old Chinese 力士 (*k.rək m-s-rəʔ "man of great strength"), from 力 ("strength") + 士 ("man", "soldier").


maegashira

(sumo) the highest salaried rank of sumo wrestler, below komusubi and above juryo; the lowest rank in the makuuchi division


dohyo

(sumo) The ring, made of compacted clay, in which a sumo wrestling match is held.


thistle

From Middle English thistel, from Old English þistel, from Proto-West Germanic *þistil, from Proto-Germanic *þistilaz. *þīh- from *teyg-, which is a variant of Proto-Indo-European *(s)teyg- (“to prick”); from this same Proto-Indo-European root comes English stick.
Cognates include Scots thrissel, German Distel, Dutch distel and Icelandic þistill.

der

𐍅𐌹𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌼 f (wigadeinōm) (dative plural; lemma uncertain)


carbide

(cycling) trivial name for calcium carbide (CaC₂), used to produce acetylene in bicycle lamps in the early 1900s.


half-tracker

We'd got ourselves into a great position, and if I'd hit that half-tracker for six, we would've won the game.

2004 February 16, Darren Lehmann, “Blue boy Phelps goes blazing on a sunny afternoon”, in The Sydney Morning Herald:

(cricket) A ball bowled so as to pitch roughly half way down the wicket, ie. half-way between batsman and bowler. (From a slow bowler this is a poor delivery, likely to be hit to the boundary.)


reef rash

en-noun

reef rash (countable and uncountable, plural reef rashes)

Even mild cases of reef rash can be worrisome, as any break in the skin while in the tropics can lead to a staph infection.

2005, Matt Warshaw, The Encyclopedia of Surfing, page 498:

(surfing) A scraping injury caused by falling on or being dragged over a reef.


sandshoe crusher

sandshoe crusher (plural sandshoe crushers)

The term refers to the ball crushing the foot of the batsman, if not played with their bat. Sandshoe is not literal though: batsmen wear sturdy boots, not sandshoes, when batting.

Tony Greig was Australia's main stumbling block to victory. 'Thommo' worked out a solution to the problem, dismissing Greig in the 2nd innings with his famous 'sandshoe crusher'!

2002, “Cricket in the 70s”, in ABC TV, archived from the original on 2003-12-10:

(cricket) A yorker bowled at the batsman's feet.


yokozuna

From Japanese 横綱(よこづな) (yokozuna, “wide rope”), the symbol of their rank worn about the waist.

A yokozuna is the very highest rank in sumo – “just like Mameha's position in Gion,” as Nobu explained it to me. I had no reason to doubt him; but if Mameha ever took half as much time entering a party as these yokozuna took entering the ring, she'd certainly never be invited back.

1997, Arthur Golden, Memoirs of a Geisha, Vintage, page 202:

(sumo) The highest rank of sumo wrestler, above ozeki; grand champion.

What mattered most was that, from the very top of the Nihon Sumo Kyōkai, Yokozuna Akebono had been shown respect.

2006, Mark Panek, Gaijin Yokozuna: A Biography of Chad Rowan, page 265:

(sumo) A person holding the rank, either competing at the rank or retired after having achieved it.


sekitori

(sumo) A rikishi, of rank juryo and above, who draws a salary.


oyakata

(sumo) retired rikishi who have reached a certain standing; they either become shisho or help train in others' heya


ani-deshi

(sumo) The senior rikishi in a particular heya.


amasumo

From Japanese アマ相撲 (ama-sumō); ama is a shortening of English amateur.


banzuke

(sumo) the document, published six times a year, before each basho, showing the official rankings of all rikishi


jun-yusho

(sumo) The second-place position, behind yusho, at the end of a basho; often shared by more than one rikishi.


jungyo

Borrowed from Japanese 巡業 (じゅんぎょう, jungyō), from Middle Chinese 巡 (zwin, “to make rounds, tour”) + 業 (ngjæp, “work”).

ja-l/helper

巡業 (じゅんぎょう, jungyō)

ja-l

巡業 (じゅんぎょう, jungyō)

der

(sumo) a regional tour, undertaken between honbashos, during which the rikishi give exhibition matches


daigappei

(sumo) a jungyo tour that features all the rikishi of jonidan rank or higher


bintsuke

(sumo) A wax, derived from soy, used in cosmetics, and to groom the topknot of a sekitori.


jonokuchi

(sumo) A member of the lowest division of sumo wrestlers (below jonidan) to which new recruits are promoted after their first tournament.


chikara gami

From Japanese 力紙 (chikara-gami, “strength paper”).

bor

(sumo) Sheets of paper used by rikishi to wipe their lips after the ritual cleansing with chikara mizu.


danpatsushiki

Borrowed from Japanese 断髪式 (danpatsushiki).

(sumo) The ceremony in which the topknot of a retiring rikishi is cut off.


sandanme

(sumo) the division of sumo wrestlers above jonidan and below makushita


jonidan

(sumo) The division of sumo wrestlers above jonokuchi and below sandanme, containing the highest number of rikishi.


intai-zumo

From Japanese 引退相撲 (intai-zumō, literally “retirement sumo”).

(sumo) A one-day exhibition tournament to commemorate the retirement of a salaried rikishi.


yusho

From Japanese 優勝 (“victory, championship”).

(sumo) The top-ranking position at the end of a basho; the championship.


chankonabe

Borrowed from Japanese ちゃんこ鍋 (chankonabe).

(sumo) The staple diet of rikishi: a stew of meat, seafood and vegetables.


fumidawara

Borrowed from Japanese 踏み俵 (fumidawara, “stepping-bale”).

(sumo) rice bales used at the side of the dohyo at steps


eboshi

(sumo) the hat of black lacquer worn by the gyoji presiding over a sumo match


degeiko

(sumo) A practice session between rikishi of competing heya.


fusensho

(sumo) a win by default due to the opponent not appearing, normally due to injury


akeni

(sumo) A box used by sekitori to store their personal items.


gino-sho

(sumo) a prize for technique; one of the sansho prizes


shukun-sho

(sumo) A special prize for outstanding performance; one of the sansho prizes.


fusenpai

(sumo) a loss by default for failing to appear, normally because of injury


kanto-sho

(sumo) A special prize for fighting-spirit; one of the sansho prizes.


gunbai

From Japanese 軍配 (“war fan”), shortened form of 軍配団扇 (gunbai uchiwa).

(sumo) The lacquered wooden fan used by the gyoji.


sansho

(sumo) Any of the three special prizes awarded at the end of a basho.

三賞

special prize awarded at the end of a basho


displayed

en-adj

displayed (comparative more displayed, superlative most displayed)

more displayed (comparative)
most displayed (superlative)


chikara mizu

From Japanese 力水 (chikara mizu, “strength water”).

bor

(sumo) Water used by rikishi to ritually cleanse the mouth before a match.


tawara

(sumo) Any of the straw bales, packed with earth, placed in a circle on the dohyo and forming the area that the rikishi must stay inside.


deshi

Borrowed from Japanese 弟子 (deshi, “disciple, pupil”).

(sumo) a member of a heya ("stable"); trained by its shisho


marker

marker interface → marker interface pattern

He skipped past Marc Wilson before clipping a delicious cross into the Stoke danger zone, where Cisse's sharp movement allowed him to escape marker Robert Huth and send a far-post header crashing against the crossbar. And Cabaye was waiting to pounce on the rebound with a close range header.

2012 April 21, Jonathan Jurejko, “Newcastle 3-0 Stoke”, in BBC Sport:

(sports) A player on defense used to mark one or more offensive players.

(Philippines, informal, basketball, volleyball) A point, unit of scoring in a game or competition.


flamethrower

/ˈfleɪmˌθɹəʊ.ə/

From flame + thrower, calque of German Flammenwerfer.

"We allowed him to kind of orchestrate the whole offense, and he got comfortable early," George said. "He's a flamethrower. Once he gets hot, it's over."

2017 April 11, “Mike Conley Rewards Grizzlies’ Faith With a Career Season”, in The New York Times, New York, N.Y.: The New York Times Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2018-01-27:

So when we see guys like that open, we gotta give them the ball. Especially Bryn [Forbes], he's a flamethrower. The guy is one of the best shooters I've been around, so to have him going in the game, it's much needed for us. We need him to get going. We need him to hit shots.

2021 June 15, Eric Nehm, quoting Khris Middleton, “How Giannis Antetokounmpo and Khris Middleton manipulated the Nets' defense in Game 4”, in The Athletic, archived from the original on 2023-07-04:

Unlike steroids, these supposedly illegal substances were not used in secret. There was an understanding that it was in everyone's best interest — pitchers and hitters alike — for today's flamethrowers to have a good grip on the ball.

2021 June 15, Jesse Campigotto, “Baseball has a sticky situation on its hands”, in CBC News, archived from the original on 2023-07-04:

(basketball, baseball, slang) Someone who is extremely good at throwing or shooting balls.


hanazumo

From Japanese 花相撲 (hana-zumō, literally “flower sumo”).

(sumo) A special sumo exhibition tournament.


haridashi

(sumo) an extra rikishi at a rank that normally only allows two


heyagashira

(sumo) the rikishi of highest rank in a particular heya


hyoshigi

I put the glasses down and found that my heart was beating fast, thumping with an accelerating sound like that of the hyoshigi which I had last heard in that sombre vaporous gallery in the Wallace Collection.

1978, Iris Murdoch, The Sea, The Sea, Vintage, published 1999, page 247:

(sumo) One of the wooden sticks that are clapped by the yobidashi to draw the spectator's attention.


shikona

(sumo) The wrestling name of a rikishi, normally derived from his heya, place of birth etc.


ichomage

(sumo) Alternative spelling of oichomage


ichidai toshiyori

From Japanese 一代年寄 (ichidai toshiyori, literally “lifelong elder”).

(sumo) the lifelong status of elder conferred on an outstanding yokozuna


oichomage

From Japanese 大銀杏髷 (oo-ichō-mage, literally “gingko topknot”).

(sumo) The elaborate hairstyle, resembling a gingko leaf, worn by sekitori during bouts and on ceremonial occasions.


yobidashi

(sumo) Any of the functionaries whose tasks include building the dohyo, making announcements, singing the shikona of each rikishi and advising them of preparation time.


kanjin-sumo

From Japanese 勧進相撲 (kanjin-zumō), with zumō changed to its usual English form sumo.

(sumo) The historic form of sumo that developed into the modern sport.


ichimon

(sumo) Any of the five groups that most heya belong to.

一門

any of the five groups that most heya belong to


juryo-kaku

(sumo) the rank of gyoji who officiates a bout involving a rikishi from the juryo division


kimarite-gakari

(sumo) The official who announces the winner of the torikumi and the kimarite used.


kinboshi

Borrowed from Japanese 金星 (kinboshi, “gold star”).

(sumo) An honour awarded to a rikishi of maegashira rank upon beating a yokozuna.


kinjite

Borrowed from Japanese 禁じ手 (kinjite), from 禁じる (kinjiru, “to forbid”) + 手 (te, “hand”).


torikumi-hyo

From Japanese 取組表 (torikumi-hyō, literally “bout table”).

(sumo) The programme of bouts in a day at a tournament.


koen-kai

(sumo) a sumo fan club, either for a heya or for a particular rikishi; a useful source of money


kensho

(sumo) Prize money given to encourage rikishi by sponsors.


ozumo

Borrowed from Japanese 大相撲 (grand sumo).


make-koshi

(sumo) a majority of losses in a honbasho; reflects negatively on the rikishi's ranking


maezumo

Borrowed from Japanese 前相撲, literally "before sumo".

(sumo) The unofficial rank of beginners etc.


makuuchi dohyo-iri

From Japanese 幕内土俵入り (makuuchi dohyō-iri, literally “makuuchi ring-entering”).

(sumo) A group ring-entering ceremony performed by all members of the makuuchi division, except the yokozuna, after the juryo bouts.


makuuchi-kaku

(sumo) The gyoji who referees bouts involving a rikishi from the makuuchi division.


higashi

From Japanese 東 (higashi, “east”), from the way the eastern or right side of the sumo ranking list is considered more prestigious, by analogy with the rising sun as opposed to the setting sun.

(sumo) The (more prestigious) right-hand side of the banzuke.

(sumo) A rikishi listed on the right side of the banzuke.


matawari

(sumo) A form of exercise in which a rikishi sits on the ground with his legs wide apart, then lowers his torso to touch the ground between his legs.


nishi

From Japanese 西 (nishi, “west”), from the way the western or left side of the sumo ranking list is considered less prestigious, by analogy with the setting sun as opposed to the rising sun.

(sumo) the left-hand (less prestigious) side of the banzuke (番付, “ranking list”)

(sumo) a rikishi (力士, “sumo wrestler”) listed on the left side of the banzuke


kachi-koshi

(sumo) a majority of wins in an honbasho; reflects positively on the rikishi's ranking


masu-seki

(sumo) The expensive seats, holding four people, on the ground floor of the arena.


shimpan

From Japanese 審判 (shinpan, しんぱん), from Middle Chinese 審判 (ʃim-pʰàn "to judge", "to try") (compare Mandarin shěnpàn 审判).

(sumo) the four judges, sitting at each cardinal point


unryu-gata

(sumo) The normal ring-entering ceremony performed by yokozuna, consisting of both offensive and defensive moves.


nage-waza

(sumo) Any of the 12 throwing techniques.


shiranui-gata

Borrowed from Japanese 不知火型 (shiranuigata).

(sumo) The less common ring-entering ceremony performed by yokozuna, consisting only of offensive moves.


myoseki

(sumo) Any of the 105 names available to sumo oyakata.

名跡

any of the 105 names available to sumo oyakata


mizuhiki-maku

(sumo) The curtain that hangs from the yakata, symbolizing the movement of clouds and the passing of time.


seigen jikan

(sumo) The time allocated for the shikiri rituals before the beginning of each bout.


sashichigai

(sumo) a decision by the shimpan to overturn the decision of the gyoji


mono-ii

From Japanese 物言い (mono-ii, literally “talk of things”).

(sumo) a conference among the shimpan to reconsider a referee's decision


kimarite

(sumo) any of the 82 techniques that may be used to win a match


touchback

The ball sailed into the end zone for a touchback and the Eagles had possession on the 20-yard line. https://web.archive.org/web/20060111202354/http://www.philadelphiaeagles.com/gameday/postGameArchive.jsp?id=16746

(American football) The result of a play (usually a kickoff or punt) in which the ball passes out the back of the end zone or a team otherwise gains possession of the ball in their own end zone.


Maccas

(surfing, slang) "Macaronis", a surf break in Mentawai Islands Regency, West Sumatra, Indonesia.


greenback

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-greenback.wav

When the surfer has passed the point where the waves are breaking, and is among the waves which are known as “greenbacks”, he may either dive through them or float over them, […]

1965, John Bloomfield, Know-how in the Surf, page 28:

(surfing) A wave that has not yet begun to break.


senshuraku

Borrowed from Japanese 千秋楽 (senshūraku, literally “music of a thousand autumns”).

(sumo) The last day of a fifteen-day tournament, always on a Sunday.


shihon-bashira

From Japanese 四本柱 (shi-hon-bashira, literally “four pillars”).

(sumo) The four pillars that support the tsuriyane over the sumo ring; in modern practice removed for better television coverage.


shikiri-sen

Borrowed from Japanese 仕切り線 (shikiri-sen).

(sumo) The two enamel lines, embedded in the dohyo, behind which the rikishi crouch in preparation for the tachiai.


buchikamashi

Borrowed from Japanese ぶちかまし (buchikamashi).

(sumo) The heavy collision of the two rikishi during the tachiai at the start of a sumo bout.


shimekomi

Borrowed from Japanese 締め込み (shimekomi).

(sumo) The silk mawashi worn by sekitori for competition.


tachiai

(sumo) the initial charge towards each other by the rikishi at the start of a sumo bout


shindeshi

(sumo) a young rikishi recruit, not yet professional


shini-tai

(sumo) A rikishi who is crushed by his opponent when both fall simultaneously.


shikiri

(sumo) the preparation time before a sumo bout during which the rikishi try to gain a psychological advantage by intense staring (niramiai) and when salt is ceremonially thrown (kiyome-jio)


shokkiri

(sumo) A comical display of fouls etc performed by deshi during tours.


fusen

Borrowed from Japanese 不戦 (fusen, “not fighting, not competing”).

(sumo) A sumo match that is cancelled due to the absence of one of the rikishi.


suna-kaburi

From Japanese 砂被り (suna-kaburi, literally “covered by sand”).

(sumo) The six rows of single seats closest to the dohyo.


tachi-seki

From Japanese 立ち席 (tachi-seki, literally “standing seat”).

(sumo) tickets to stand at the back of the arena.


tachimochi

From Japanese 太刀持ち (tachimochi, “sword bearer”).

(sumo) A rikishi who participates in the dohyo-iri ceremony of a yokozuna by carrying a sword behind him.


shozoku

(sumo) The garment worn by the gyoji, derived from court dress.


shusse hiro

(sumo) The ceremonial introduction of new rikishi at a tournament.


tategyoji

Borrowed from Japanese 立行司 (tate-gyōji).

(sumo) Either of the two highest-ranked gyoji who referee matches involving a yokozuna.


torinaoshi

(sumo) a rematch; ordered by the judges if unable to determine a winner


tokoyama

(sumo) A hairdresser who makes the rikishi's topknot; they have their own ranks.


teuchi-shiki

From Japanese 手打ち式 (teuchi-shiki, literally “clapping ceremony”).

(sumo) A welcoming ceremony to new rikishi.


teppo

(sumo) a wooden pillar that is slapped repeatedly by a rikishi as a sumo wrestling exercise.


tokei-gakari

From Japanese 時計係 (tokei-gakari, literally “one who is responsible for the clock”).

(sumo) The shimpan who acts as timekeeper.


tsukebito

(sumo) An attendant of a higher-ranked rikishi or gyoji.


tsuki-oshi

(sumo) a style of fighting involving only thrusts or pushes


tsunauchi

(sumo) the ceremony in which a yokozuna's tsuna belt is made and presented


toshiyori-kabu

(sumo) One of the 105 licenses to coach, and the associated name of an elder.


toku-dawara

Borrowed from Japanese 徳俵 (tokudawara, “special rice bale”).

In fact, the sumo ring is not exactly round. Instead, the ring is broadened at four points by the width of a small rice bag (see fig. 1). These four rice bags placed at the cardinal points of the ring are called toku-dawara (lucky straw bags).

Just outside the circle the cardinal directions are marked by four tokudawara. It is only on these that the contestant can step outside the ring and not be deemed to have lost.

2000, Tony Allan, Realm of the Rising Sun: Japanese Myth, page 51:

(sumo) Small enlargements at the cardinal points of the dohyo; originally the entry and exit points.


yumitori-shiki

(sumo) The bow-twirling ceremony that closes each day of a tournament.


yotsu-zumo

(sumo) A style of sumo centred on gripping the mawashi.


tsuyuharai

Borrowed from Japanese 露払い, literally "dew sweeper".

(sumo) a heralding attendant who walks in front of a yokozuna at his dohyo-iri ceremony


zenpai

Borrowed from Japanese 全敗 (zenpai, “utter defeat”).

(sumo) the act of losing every bout in a tournament


zensho yusho

Borrowed from Japanese 全勝優勝 (zenshō yūshō).

(sumo) the act of winning a tournament and not losing a single bout


yagura

Borrowed from Japanese 櫓 (“tower, turret, keep, scaffold”).

(sumo) A high wooden tower in front of a sumo arena from which a yobidashi beats the taiko drum each day before and after each tournament.


tsuna

Borrowed from Japanese 綱 (つな, tsuna, “rope”).

(sumo) the wide ceremonial belt, with hanging zigzag ribbons, worn by a yokozuna


yakata

(sumo) The structure, suspended over the sumo dohyo, that resembles the roof of a Shinto shrine.


shiko

(sumo) One of the basic sumo exercises, in which the rikishi raises a leg high in the air to the side, then brings it down with a stamp. It is also performed on the dohyo to drive away bad spirits.


isamiashi

Borrowed from Japanese 勇み足, literally "forward step out".

(sumo) a situation in which an attacking rikishi accidentally steps too far forward and out of the ring, his opponent thus winning


koshikudake

Borrowed from Japanese 腰砕け, literally "inadvertent collapse".

(sumo) A situation in which a rikishi accidentally falls over, his opponent thus winning.


okuriashi

Borrowed from Japanese 送足, literally "step out".

(sumo) A situation in which a rikishi accidentally steps out of ring whilst carrying his opponent out, his opponent thus winning.


tsukite

Borrowed from Japanese つき手, meaning "hand touch down".

(sumo) The situation in which a rikishi accidentally touches the dohyo with his hand, his opponent thus winning.


tsukihiza

Borrowed from Japanese 突き膝 (つきひざ, tsukihiza), literally meaning “push-down knee”.

(sumo) a situation in which a rikishi accidentally touches the dohyo with his knee, his opponent thus winning


fumidashi

From Japanese 踏み出し (fumidashi, literally “stepping out”).

(sumo) A situation in which a defending rikishi accidentally steps too far back and out of the ring, his opponent thus winning. A rear step out.


billet barge

From Detroit to Daytona Beach, from Brooklyn to the Bay Area, the streets are ruled by tight superbikes that put yesterday's Evo-powered billet barges to shame.

2006, Mike Seate, How to Build a Pro Streetbike, St. Paul, MN: Motorbooks, →ISBN, page 6:

(motorcycling, slang) A large motorbike with multiple chrome (or similar) cosmetic modifications.


drachm

Borrowed into late Middle English from Old French dragme (modern French drachme), from Late Latin dragma. Doublet of dirham.

(obsolete, numismatics) Alternative form of drachma: a Greek silver coin weighing one drachma.