abased

en-adj

abased (comparative more abased, superlative most abased)

more abased (comparative)
most abased (superlative)

The blazon will be - A fess abased potentée of Champagne towards the point. The peculiar potent of Champagne may be seen in Bouton, Nouveau Traité de Blason, p. 199 (Paris, 1863.)

(G) Azure 3 bells in fess, abased.

1913, Dumfriesshire and Galloway Natural History and Antiquarian Society, Transactions and Journal of Proceedings, page 107:

Per fess abased nebuly celeste and gules fimbriated argent throughout a pile azure between two rays in point argent bearing a sword in pale point to base of the like, grip gules, […]

1984, Charles A. Ravenstein, Air Force Combat Wings: Lineage and Honors Histories, 1947-1977, page 113:


abatement

en-noun

abatement (countable and uncountable, plural abatements)

From Middle English abatement, from Anglo-Norman abatre (“to abate”) (from Old French abatre), + -ment; equivalent to abate + -ment.

(heraldry) A mark of dishonor on an escutcheon; any figure added to the coat of arms tending to lower the dignity or station of the bearer.


aboard

From Middle English abord, from a- (“on”) + bord (“board, side of a ship”); equivalent to a- + board.

He doubled with two men aboard, scoring them both.


OCR

OCR (countable and uncountable, plural OCRs)

obstacle course racing
obstacle course racing#English

(sports, uncountable) Abbreviation of obstacle course racing.

obstacle course race
obstacle course race#English

(sports, countable) Abbreviation of obstacle course race.


acceptance

acceptance (countable and uncountable, plural acceptances)

* First attested in 1574. From Middle French acceptance, from Old French accepter (“accept”). Equivalent to accept + -ance.

(horse racing, Australia, New Zealand, plural only) A list of horses accepted as starters in a race.


abroad

First attested in mid 13th century. From Middle English abrood (“broadly widely scattered”), from a- (“on, in”) + brood (“broad”). Equivalent to a- + broad.

inh

(sports) Played elsewhere than one's home grounds.


craft

en-noun

craft (countable and uncountable, plural craft or crafts)

From Middle English craft (“strength, skill”), from Old English cræft (“strength, skill”), from Proto-West Germanic *kraftu, from Proto-Germanic *kraftuz (“strength, power”); further origin obscure.
Cognate with German Kraft (“strength, power, force, energy, employee”).

johtamistaito

skill in making plans and carrying them into execution

[…] For since the birth of time, throughout all ages and nations, / Has the craft of the smith been held in repute by the people.

1847, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Evangeline, A Tale of Acadie, page 281:

Fond as William was of the craft of the woods, he was the least likely of all men to let his sport stand in the way of his interest.

1871, Edward Augustus Freeman, The history of the Norman conquest, page 250:

The great preachers were masters of their craft.

1991, James Munson, The Nonconformists: In Search of a Lost Culture, page 113:

This was billed as the battle between Kane and his Poland opposite number Lewandowski but this was a game where it was possible to simply enjoy two masters of their craft at work.

2021 September 8, Phil McNulty, “Poland 1-1 England”, in BBC Sport:

The carpenter's craft.

He learned his craft as an apprentice.

en:skilled practice of practical occupation

(countable, plural crafts) A branch of skilled work or trade, especially one requiring manual dexterity or artistic skill, but sometimes applied equally to any business, calling or profession; the skilled practice of a practical occupation .

حِرْفَة

And whereas the continual Interruption of the Courſe and Paſſage of the Fiſh up the Rivers, by the daily drawing of Seins and other Fiſh-Craft, tends to prevent their Increaſe,[…]

a. 1784, T. Green, “An Act for encouraging and regulating Fiſheries”, in Acts and Laws of the State of Connecticut, in America, page 79:

The whaling craft consists of harpoons, lances, lines, and sealskin buoys, all of their own workmanship.

1869 April 27, C. M. Scammon, “On the Cetaceans of the Western Coast of North America”, in Edward D. Cope, editor, Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, volume 21, page 46:

From the mate’s boat they removed, at his direction, all whaling gear and craft except the oars and a single lance.

a. 1923, Charles Boardman Hawes, “A Boy Who Went Whaling”, in The Highest Hit: and Other Selections by Newbery Authors, Gareth Stevens Publishing, published 2001, →ISBN, page 47:

[…]Temple, a negro of New Bedford, who made ‘whalecraft’, that is, was a blacksmith engaged in working from iron the special utensils or ‘craft’ of the whaling trade.

1950, Discovery Reports, volume 26, Cambridge University Press, page 318:

The men raced about decks collecting the whaling craft and gear and putting them into the boats, while all the time the lookouts hollered from above.

1991, Joan Druett, Petticoat Whalers: Whaling Wives at Sea, 1820–1920, University Press of New England, published 2001, →ISBN, page 55:

(countable, fishing) Implements used in catching fish, such as net, line, or hook. Modern use primarily in whaling, as in harpoons, hand-lances, etc. .


BCE

Socrates was tried and executed in the year 399 BCE.

We now know that circa 1600 BCE, the angara were created and seeded across Heleus by the Jardaan. Records of this process are less substantial than ancient angaran history, but it was apparently in service of a grand experiment.

2017, BioWare, Mass Effect: Andromeda (Science Fiction), Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →OCLC, PC, scene: Angara: History Codex entry:

The earliest reliable accounts of Chinese eclipses come from Spring and Autumn Annals (Ch’un-ch’iu), recording eclipses from 772 to 481 BCE, including a total solar eclipse in 709 BCE.

2017, Mark Littmann, Fred Espenak, “Ancient Efforts to Understand”, in Totality: The Great American Eclipses of 2017 and 2024, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 38:

(chronology) Initialism of Before Common Era (Before the Common Era, before Common Era, before the Common Era), Before Current Era (Before the Current Era, before current era, before the current era), or before Christian Era.

пр.н.е.

преди новата ера=pred novata era

v. d. Z. (vor der Zeitrechnung/vor der Zeitenwende)

б. з. д.

біздің заманымызға дейін

п.н.е.

пред нашата ера=pred nášata éra


achievement

en-noun

achievement (countable and uncountable, plural achievements)

From Middle French achevement (compare Modern French achèvement), from Old French achevement, from the verb achever, achiever (“to finish”); equivalent to achieve + -ment. The heraldic sense may be influenced by hatchment.

Meronyms: shield, supporter, crest, motto

The narrow Gothic windows were filled, not with glass that admitted the light, but with glass painted with the achievements of the family […].

1791, Charlotte Smith, Celestina, Broadview, published 2004, page 488:

(heraldry) An escutcheon or ensign armorial; a full display or depiction of all the heraldic components to which the bearer of a coat of arms is entitled; (now especially) a funeral shield: the hatchment.


odd

en-adj

odd (not generally comparable, comparative odder, superlative oddest)

odder (comparative)
oddest (superlative)

From Middle English odde, od (“odd (not even); leftover after division into pairs”), from Old Norse oddi (“odd, third or additional number; triangle”), from oddr (“point of a weapon”), from Proto-Germanic *uzdaz (“point”), from Proto-Indo-European *wes- (“to stick, prick, pierce, sting”) + *dʰeh₁- (“to set, place”).
Cognate to Icelandic oddi (“triangle, point of land, odd number”), Swedish udda (“odd”), udd (“a point”), Danish od (“point of weapon””) and odde (“a headland, point”), Norwegian Bokmål odde (“a point”, “odd”, “peculiar”); related to Old English ord (“a point”). Doublet of ord ("point").

cog

He served from the odd court.


NASA

(sports) Acronym of National Auto Sport Association.


AL

(US, Canada, baseball) Initialism of American League.


BBC

en-noun

BBC (countable and uncountable, plural BBCs)

Coordinate term: MSN

(soccer, informal) Initialism of Karim Benzema, Garthe Bale and Cristiano Ronaldo, the forward of Real Madrid between 2013 and 2018.


ab

en-verb

ab (third-person singular simple present abs, present participle abbing, simple past and past participle abbed)

abs (present singular third-person)
abbing (participle present)
abbed (participle past)
abbed (past)

I had a climbing rope in my pack, set up an abseil with it, and abbed down to him.

1998, Climbing, numbers 178-180, page 22:


trillion

Coined by Harvey Pollack, because of the way the numbers read across a basketball box score

(basketball, slang) A statistic formed by a player playing some number of minutes, but recording no stats.


definition

en-noun

definition (countable and uncountable, plural definitions)

From Middle English diffinicioun, from Middle French definition, from Latin dēfīnītiō, from dēfīniō. Equivalent to define + -ition.

(bodybuilding) The degree to which individual muscles are distinct on the body.

definició

bodybuilding: the degree to which individual muscles are distinct


relegate

en-verb

relegate (third-person singular simple present relegates, present participle relegating, simple past and past participle relegated)

relegates (present singular third-person)
relegating (participle present)
relegated (participle past)
relegated (past)

First attested in 1561, borrowed from Latin relēgātus, the past participle of relēgō (“to dispatch, banish”).

After finishing second-bottom in the table, United were relegated from the division.

(transitive, in extended use) Consign or assign.

(sports, chiefly soccer) Transfer (a sports team) to a lower-ranking league division.


scarp

Aphetic form of escarp. Doublet of sharp.

[...] as in the seventh, which is Argent a Scarp Azure.

1673, Matthew Carter, Honor Redivivus: Or, The Analysis of Honor and Armory, page 211:

He beareth Argent, a Scarp, Azure.

1724, John Guillim, A Display of Heraldry, page 38:

(heraldry) Obsolete spelling of scarpe, scrape.


libero

From Italian libero (literally “free one”). So called because he has no direct opponent to mark and is therefore free to join in the offensive. The volleyball use is younger.

Nicknamed “Der Kaiser”, Beckenbauer was as elegant as he was dominant, and such was his assurance in possession that he came to master the modern sweeper role, or libero. More so, he is credited with creating it.

2024 January 8, Sachin Nakrani, “Franz Beckenbauer, World Cup-winning captain and manager, dies aged 78”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:

(soccer) A central defender to whom no forward is assigned for marking, forming the last line of defence and often initiating the offensive play.

(volleyball) A designated back-row player intended to be used as a ball-control specialist.


century

/ˈsɛnt͡ʃʊɹi/

From Middle English centurie (“a count of one hundred (of anything); a division of the Roman army; century; a division of land”), from Old French centurie, from Latin centuria, from centum (“one hundred”). The most common modern use is a shortening of century of years.

inh

(cricket) A hundred runs scored either by a single player in one innings, or by two players in a partnership.

That was his tenth professional century.

(snooker) A score of one hundred points.

(sports) A race a hundred units (as meters, kilometres, miles) in length.


ROI

(photography) Initialism of region of interest (in digital images, microscopy: in 3-dim-specimen reconstructions by consecutive sectioning).


nigger

Sranan Tongo: nengre

Aukan: nengee

Saramaccan: në́ngë

Probably immediately from French nègre or Spanish and Portuguese negro (“a black African”); ultimately from Latin niger (“black”), thus a doublet of negro and noir. Compare Danish nigger, Swedish nigger, German Nigger, Dutch nikker. First use appears c. 1577, in the writings of Edward Hellowes (fl. 1574–1601). The expected Modern English pronunciation would be with /iː/; compare neger. The modern pronunciation with /ɪ/ may be due to influence from the Latin etymon (compare the older Southern US pronunciation of negro with /ɪ/), but compare the dialectal American pronunciations of eagle and eager as /ˈɪɡəl/ and /ˈɪɡɚ/.

чёрный

note: негр m (negr) and негритя́нка f (negritjánka) are neutral terms

حبشی

offensive if intended otherwise 'Male Ethiopian/Abyssian'

حبشن

offensive if intended otherwise 'Female Ethiopian/Abyssinian'

(now offensive) Any of various dark animals:

(UK, Cornwall, fishing, archaic) A kind of sea cucumber, Holothuria forskali, the cotton-spinner.


AA

en-noun

AA (countable and uncountable, plural AAs)

(gymnastics) Abbreviation of all-around.


AA

en:Alcoholics Anonymous
en:Anna's Archive
en:The AA

(US, baseball) Double-A: the second-highest level of play in Minor League Baseball after Triple-A (AAA).

American Association
w:American Association (20th century)

(US, historical, baseball) Initialism of American Association: an American minor league baseball league from 1902 to 1962 and 1969 to 1997.


SMS

SMS (countable and uncountable, plural SMSes)

/ˌɛs ɛm ˈɛs/

special mint set
special mint set#English

(numismatics) Initialism of special mint set.


euro

The name euro was the winner of a contest open to the general public to propose names for the new European currency, and as such is technically a neologism, although it obviously alludes to the common root of geographical names for the continent Europe, derived from Latin Europa, from Ancient Greek Εὐρώπη (Eurṓpē), the name in Greek mythology of a princess, abducted by Zeus as a bull across the Bosporus. According to the official story, the term was coined by Belgian teacher and esperantist Germain Pirlot in 1995, who suggested it in a letter to Jacques Santer, then President of the European Commission.

coin

(numismatics) The currency unit of the European Monetary Union. Symbol: €


robot

desc

→ Arabic: رُوبُوت (rūbūt), رُوبُوط (rūbūṭ)

→ Hindi: रोबोट (roboṭ)

→ Japanese: ロボット (robotto)

→ Korean: 로봇 (robot)

→ Persian: رُبات (robât), روبات (rôbât)

→ Swahili: roboti

→ Welsh: robot

Internet Archive
Josef Čapek
Karel Čapek
R.U.R.

Borrowed from Czech robot, from robota (“drudgery, servitude”). Coined in the 1920 science-fiction play R.U.R. (Rossum's Universal Robots) by Karel Čapek after having been suggested to him by his brother Josef, and taken into English without change.

(dance) A style of dance popular in disco in which the dancer imitates the stiff movements of a stereotypical android robot.


pound

en-verb

pound (third-person singular simple present pounds, present participle pounding, simple past and past participle pounded)

pounds (present singular third-person)
pounding (participle present)
pounded (participle past)
pounded (past)

From an alteration of earlier poun, pown, from Middle English pounen, from Old English pūnian (“to pound, beat, bray, bruise, crush”), from Proto-West Germanic *pūn- (“broken pieces, rubble”). Related to Saterland Frisian Pün (“debris, fragments”), West Frisian pún (“debris, rubble”), Dutch puin (“debris, fragments, rubbish”), Low German pun (“fragments”).

cog

enough sense to pound sand into a rathole

The pitcher has been pounding the outside corner all night.

(transitive, baseball, slang) To pitch consistently to a certain location.

pommittaa

baseball: to pitch consistently to a certain location


eagle

From Middle English egle, from Anglo-Norman egle, from Old French aigle, from Latin aquila. Displaced native Middle English ern, earn, arn, from Old English earn (“eagle”). More at erne.

(US, numismatics, historical) A gold coin with a face value of ten dollars, formerly used in the United States.

(historical, numismatics) A 13th-century coin minted in Europe and circulated in England as a debased sterling silver penny, outlawed under Edward I of England.

I got an eagle in the third hole.

(golf) A score of two under par for a hole.

eagle

in golf, a score of two under par for a hole


eagle

en-verb

eagle (third-person singular simple present eagles, present participle eagling, simple past and past participle eagled)

eagles (present singular third-person)
eagling (participle present)
eagled (participle past)
eagled (past)

→ Danish: eagle

→ French: eagle


deal

deal (third-person singular simple present deals, present participle dealing, simple past and past participle dealt or (nonstandard) dealed)

deals (present singular third-person)
dealing (participle present)
dealt (participle past)
dealt (past)
dealed (nonstandard participle past)
dealed (nonstandard past)

From Middle English delen, from Old English dǣlan (“to divide, part”), from Proto-West Germanic *dailijan, from Proto-Germanic *dailijaną (“to divide, part, deal”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰail- (“part, watershed”).
Cognates
Cognate with West Frisian diele (“to divide, separate”), Dutch delen, German teilen, Swedish dela; and with Lithuanian dalinti (“divide”), Russian дели́ть (delítʹ).

cog

The whole crowd waited for him to deal a real humdinger.


season

→ Japanese: シーズン (shīzun)

From Middle English sesoun, seson (“time of the year”), from Old French seson, saison (“time of sowing, seeding”), from Latin satiō (“act of sowing, planting”) from satum, past participle of serō (“to sow, plant”) from Proto-Indo-European *seh₁- (“to sow, plant”). Akin to Old English sāwan (“to sow”), sǣd (“seed”). Doublet of saison. Displaced native Middle English sele (“season”) (from Old English sǣl (“season, time, occasion”)), Middle English tide (“season, time of year”) (from Old English tīd (“time, period, yeartide, season”)).

temps

(obsolete) an extended, undefined period of time

(cricket) The period over which a series of Test matches are played.


quarter

en-noun

quarter (countable and uncountable, plural quarters)

From Middle English quarter, from Anglo-Norman quarter, from Latin quartarius, from quartus. Compare Spanish cuarto (“room, quarters; quarter”). Doublet of quartier.

cog

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-quarter.wav

çerek

one of four equal parts — see also one-fourth

(heraldry) A fourth part of a coat of arms, or the charge on it, larger than a canton and normally on the upper dexter side, formed by a perpendicular line from the top meeting a horizontal line from the side.

(sports) One of four equal periods into which a game is divided.

[A]t last she kicked right over the carriage pole and fell down, after giving me a severe blow on my near quarter.

[1877], Anna Sewell, “A Strike for Liberty”, in Black Beauty: […], London: Jarrold and Sons, […], →OCLC, part II, page 106:

(farriery) The part on either side of a horse's hoof between the toe and heel, the side of its coffin.

quartier

part on either side of a horse's hoof between toe and heel

(now rare, rugby, American football) A quarterback.


quarter

en-verb

quarter (third-person singular simple present quarters, present participle quartering, simple past and past participle quartered)

quarters (present singular third-person)
quartering (participle present)
quartered (participle past)
quartered (past)

It [the Central London Railway] assumed a modest and entirely heraldic device, quartering the arms of the City of London, the parishes of St. George's, Holborn (St. George and the dragon) and St. Marylebone (the Virgin and Child between two lilies […]), and the county of Middlesex, surmounted by the dragon's wing from the City's crest.

1950 June, Michael Robbins, “Heraldry of London Underground Railways”, in Railway Magazine, page 382:

(heraldry) To display different coats of arms in the quarters of a shield.


stock

From Middle English stok, from Old English stocc, from Proto-West Germanic *stokk, from Proto-Germanic *stukkaz (“tree-trunk”), with modern senses mostly referring either to the trunk from which the tree grows (figuratively, its origin and/or support/foundation), or to a piece of wood, stick, or rod. The senses of "supply" and "raw material" arose from a probable conflation with steck (“an item of goods, merchandise”) or the use of split tally sticks consisting of foil or counterfoil and stock to capture paid taxes, debts or exchanges. Doublet of chock.

stark (non-rhotic, father-bother merger)

(motor racing, of a race car) Having the same configuration as cars sold to the non-racing public, or having been modified from such a car.


umbrella

→ Igbo: mbalarị

→ Welsh: ymbarél

→ Yoruba: ọ̀bùrẹ́là

→ Tok Pisin: ambrela

Borrowed from Italian ombrella, umbrella (“parasol, sunshade”), diminutive of ombra (“shade”) (or from a Late Latin or Medieval Latin umbrella), from Latin umbra (“shadow”).

Using umbrellas for shooting a wedding party is ok, but not necessary.

2014, Michael Allen, Modern Wedding Photography, page 97:

(photography, television) An umbrella-shaped reflector with a white or silvery inner surface, used to diffuse a nearby light.


pie

en-noun

pie (countable and uncountable, plural pies)

→ Bulgarian: пай (paj)

→ Cantonese: 批 (pai¹)

→ Finnish: pai

→ Hebrew: פַּאי

→ Japanese: パイ

desc

→ Kashubian: paja (Canada, United States)

→ Korean: 파이 (pai)

→ Malay: pai

→ Persian: پای (pây)

→ Scottish Gaelic: pàidh

→ Spanish: pay

→ Swedish: paj

→ Tok Pisin: pai

→ Welsh: pei

→ Yiddish: פּײַ (pay)

From Middle English pye, pie, pey, perhaps from Old English *pīe (“pastry”) (compare Old English pīe, pēo (“insect, bug”)), attested in early Middle English piehus (“bakery”, literally “pie-house”) c. 1199. Relation to Medieval Latin pica, pia (“pie, pastry”) is unclear, as there are no similar terms found in any Romance languages; therefore, like Irish pióg (“pie”), the Latin term may have been simply borrowed from the English.
Some sources state the word comes from Latin pīca (“magpie, jay”) (from the idea of the many ingredients put into pies likened to the tendency of magpies to bring a variety of objects back to their nests), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)peyk- (“woodpecker; magpie”), though this has its controversies. However, if so, then it is a doublet of pica.

der

(cricket) An especially badly bowled ball.


NCAA

w:National Collegiate Athletic Association

(sports) Initialism of National Collegiate Athletic Association.


point

→ Cantonese: point

→ Indonesian: poin

→ Japanese: ポイント (pointo)

→ Korean: 포인트 (pointeu)

From Middle English poynt, from Old French point m (“dot; minute amount”), from Latin pūnctum (“a hole punched in; a point, puncture”), substantive use of pūnctus m, perfect passive participle of pungō (“I prick, punch”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *pewǵ- (“prick, punch”)); alternatively, from Old French pointe f (“sharp tip”), from Latin pūncta f (past participle). Displaced native Middle English ord (“point”), from Old English ord (“point”). Doublet of pointe, punctum, punt, and punto.

kärki

position at the front or vanguard of an advancing force

decimal point

not used when reading decimal fractions aloud

The one with the most points will win the game.

A small discrete division or individual feature of something.

(sports, video games, board games) A unit of scoring in a game or competition.

punt

(heraldry) One of the "corners" of the escutcheon: the base (bottom center) unless a qualifier is added (point dexter, point dexter base, point sinister, point sinister base), generally when separately tinctured. (Compare terrace, point champaine, enté en point.)

The point, according to Edmondson, (meaning the point pointed,) is an ordinary somewhat resembling the pile, issuing from the base, as in Plate VII. fig. 24, and is sometimes termed a base point pointed, but the word base is superfluous, as that is the proper place of the point;[…]

1828, William Berry, Encyclopaedia Heraldica Or Complete Dictionary of Heraldry:

(heraldry, by extension) An ordinary similar to a pile (but sometimes shorter), extending upward from the base. (Often termed a point pointed.)

(falconry) The perpendicular rising of a hawk over the place where its prey has gone into cover.

tierce point

(fencing) A movement executed with the sabre or foil.

In various sports, a position of a certain player, or, by extension, the player occupying that position.

(cricket) A fielding position square of the wicket on the off side, between gully and cover.

pointe

cricket: fielding position between gully and cover

(lacrosse, ice hockey) The position of the player of each side who stands a short distance in front of the goalkeeper.

(baseball) The position of the pitcher and catcher.

(hunting) A spot to which a straight run is made; hence, a straight run from point to point; a cross-country run.


point

en-verb

point (third-person singular simple present points, present participle pointing, simple past and past participle pointed)

points (present singular third-person)
pointing (participle present)
pointed (participle past)
pointed (past)

From Middle English pointen, poynten, from Old French pointier, pointer, poynter, from point from Latin pūnctum.

Novv the vvarm Scent aſſures the Covey near, / He [the dog] treads vvith Caution, and he points vvith Fear; […]

1713, [John] Gay, Rural Sports. A Poem. […], 2nd edition, London: […] J[acob] Tonson, […], →OCLC, page 16:

(intransitive, hunting) To indicate the presence of game by a fixed and steady look, as certain hunting dogs do.


leg up

leg up (third-person singular simple present legs up, present participle legging up, simple past and past participle legged up)

legs up (present singular third-person)
legging up (participle present)
legged up (participle past)
legged up (past)

(transitive, equestrianism) To walk a horse on a hard surface regularly.


accelerator

* First attested in 1611.
* (motor vehicle): First attested in 1900.
* accelerate + -or

a pedal used to control a vehicle's speed

a device that speeds up computer processing

a key which a user can press to activate a menu

(photography) A chemical that reduces development time.

acelerador

photography: chemical that reduces development time


send

send (third-person singular simple present sends, present participle sending, simple past sent, past participle sent or (nonstandard) sended)

sends (present singular third-person)
sending (participle present)
sent (past)
sent (participle past)
sended (nonstandard participle past)
send (infinitive)

From Middle English senden, from Old English sendan (“to send, cause to go”), from Proto-West Germanic *sandijan, from Proto-Germanic *sandijaną, from Proto-Indo-European *sont-eye- (“to cause to go”), causative of *sent- (“to walk, travel”). The noun is from the verb.
Cognates
Cognate with Saterland Frisian seende (“to send”), Dutch zenden (“to send”), German senden (“to send”), Danish and Norwegian sende (“to send”), Swedish sända (“to send”), Icelandic senda (“to send”). Related also to Old English sand, sond (“a sending, mission, message”). See also sith.

inh

send it up the flagpole and see who salutes

She finally sent the 12a after hours of failed attempts.

(climbing, transitive) To make a successful ascent of a sport climbing route.


send

(climbing) A successful ascent of a sport climbing route.


abyss

From Middle English abissus, from Late Latin abyssus (“a bottomless gulf”), from Ancient Greek ἄβυσσος (ábussos, “bottomless”), from ἀ- (a-, “not”) + βυσσός (bussós, “deep place”), from βυθός (buthós, “deep place”). Displaced native Old English neowolnes.


IAAF

w:International Amateur Athletics Federation

(sports, historical) Initialism of International Amateur Athletics Federation (1912–2001) and International Association of Athletics Federations (2001–2019). Organization renamed World Athletics in 2019.


DDT

Various theories; see DDT (professional wrestling).

professional wrestling
professional wrestling

(professional wrestling) a move where a wrestler puts another wrestler into a standing front face lock and then falls backwards, driving the recipient's head into the floor.


Wednesday

From Middle English Wednesday, Wednesdai, from unattested Old English *wēdnesdæġ (“Wednesday”), synchronically an i-mutated form of attested wōdnesdæġ (itself from Proto-West Germanic *Wōdanas dag, its reflex Middle English Wodnesdei falling into disuse), from Proto-West Germanic *Wōdinas dag also attested in Old Frisian wednesdei and Middle Dutch wenesdach. In any case, a calque (interpretātiō germānica) of Latin diēs Mercuriī (“day of Mercury”) and Koine Ancient Greek ἡμέρα (hēméra, “day”) Ἑρμοῦ (Hermoû, “of Hermes”), via an association of the god Odin (“Woden”) with Mercury and Hermes.
Cognate with West Frisian woansdei (“Wednesday”), Afrikaans Woensdag (“Wednesday”), Dutch woensdag (“Wednesday”), Limburgish woonsdig (“Wednesday”), Dutch Low Saxon woonsdag (“Wednesday”), German Low German Woonsdag (“Wednesday”), dialectal German Wodenstag (“Wednesday”), Danish onsdag (“Wednesday”), Norwegian Bokmål onsdag (“Wednesday”), Norwegian Nynorsk onsdag (“Wednesday”), Swedish onsdag (“Wednesday”).
See also Japanese 水曜日 (Mercury's day).

cog

(UK, soccer) nickname of Sheffield Wednesday of the Football League.


brown

en-noun

brown (countable and uncountable, plural browns)

Bislama: braon

Tok Pisin: braun

→ Welsh: brown

→ Tongan: palauni

From Middle English broun, from Old English brūn (“brown; dark; dusky”), from Proto-West Germanic *brūn, from Proto-Germanic *brūnaz, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerH-. Doublet of bruin.
cognates
* Dutch bruin
* German braun
* Ancient Greek φρύνη (phrúnē), φρῦνος (phrûnos, “toad”)
* Latin brunneus (“brown”)
* Lithuanian bė́ras (“brown”)
* Sanskrit बभ्रु (babhrú, “reddish-brown”)
* West Frisian brún

heinäperhonen

nymphalid butterfly of subfamily Satyrinae

(snooker, countable) One of the colour balls used in snooker, with a value of 4 points.

The temptation to have a shot into the brown was great. There was not a head there which was not a big one and the one by himself was not too easy a shot since it is always difficult to shoot when lying in soft snow.

1928, R. Pigot, Twenty-five Years Big Game Hunting, page 166:

My anger mounted at this, I opened the courtyard door and raised my musket to fire into the brown; I had loaded it with small shot, and if it had gone off that would have been the death of us and the ruin of all of us in the house.

1979, Kevin Andrews, Athens Alive, page 223:

(hunting, as "the brown") A mass of birds or animals that may be indiscriminately fired at.


port

en-noun

port (countable and uncountable, plural ports)

From Old English port, borrowed from Latin portus (“port, harbour”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *pértus (“crossing”) (and thus a distant doublet of ford). The directional sense, attested since at least the 1500s, derives from ancient vessels with the steering oar on the right (see etymology of starboard), which therefore had to moor with their left sides facing the dock or wharf. doublet of fjord, ford, fjard, and firth

doublet

non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger

Each eight has four ports and four starboards.

(rowing) A sweep rower that primarily rows with an oar on the port side.


port

Inherited from the Old English port, from the Latin porta (“passage, gate”), reinforced by the Old French porte. Doublet of porta.

(curling, bowls) A space between two stones wide enough for a delivered stone or bowl to pass through.


absence

en-noun

absence (usually uncountable, plural absences)

existence

antonym(s) of “lack, deficiency, nonexistence”

From Middle English absence, from Old French absence, ausence, from Latin absentia, from absēns (“absent”), present active participle of absum (“I am away or absent”), from ab (“from, away from”) + sum (“I am”).

(fencing) Lack of contact between blades.


book

Sranan Tongo: buku

Tok Pisin: buk
→ Rotokas: vuku

→ Chichewa: buku

→ Hawaiian: puke

→ Malagasy: boky

→ Maori: pukapuka (with reduplication)

→ Marshallese: bok

→ Motu: buka

→ Malagasy: boky

→ Shona: bhuku

→ Somali: buugga

i

possibly also from Afrikaans <i class="Latn mention" lang="af">boek</i>

→ Sotho: buka (possibly also from Afrikaans boek)

→ Zulu: ibhuku (possibly also from Afrikaans boek)

From Middle English bok, book, from Old English bōc, from Proto-West Germanic *bōk, from Proto-Germanic *bōks. Eclipsed non-native Middle English livret, lyveret (“book, booklet”) from Old French livret (“book, booklet”). Bookmaker sense by clipping.

buck (without the foot-strut split, most accents)

have more chins than a Chinese phone book

why buy a book when you can join a library

why buy a book when you can join the library

(sports) A document, held by the referee, of the incidents happened in the game.

Celtic captain Scott Brown joined team-mate Majstorovic in the book and Rangers' John Fleck was also shown a yellow card as an ill-tempered half drew to a close.

2011 March 2, Andy Campbell, “Celtic 1 - 0 Rangers”, in BBC:

(sports, by extension) A list of all players who have been booked (received a warning) in a game.


book

en-verb

book (third-person singular simple present books, present participle booking, simple past and past participle booked)

books (present singular third-person)
booking (participle present)
booked (participle past)
booked (past)

From Middle English booken, boken, from Old English bōcian, ġebōcian, from the noun (see above).

(sports) To issue a caution to, usually a yellow card, or a red card if a yellow card has already been issued.


meat

en-noun

meat (countable and uncountable, plural meats)

Sranan Tongo: meti

From Middle English mete, from Old English mete (“food”), from Proto-West Germanic *mati, from Proto-Germanic *matiz (“food”), from Proto-Indo-European *meh₂d- (“to drip, ooze; grease, fat”). Cognate with West Frisian mete, Old Saxon meti, Old High German maz (“food”), Icelandic matur, Swedish mat, Gothic 𐌼𐌰𐍄𐍃 (mats).
A -ja- derivation from the same base is found in Middle Dutch and Middle Low German met (“lean pork”), from which Dutch met (“minced pork”) and German Mett (“minced meat”) derive, respectively. Compare also Old Irish mess (“animal feed”) and Welsh mes (“acorns”), English mast (“fodder for swine and other animals”), which are probably from the same root.

cog

don't get your meat where you get your bread

He hit it right on the meat of the bat.

(sports) The sweet spot of a bat or club (in cricket, golf, baseball etc.).


IOC

International Olympic Committee
w:International Olympic Committee

(sports) Initialism of International Olympic Committee.

CIO

initialism of International Olympic Committee

MKOl (Międzynarodowy Komitet Olimpijski)

МОК

Междунаро́дный олимпи́йский комите́т


turkey

en-noun

turkey (plural turkeys or (obsolete) turkies)

turkeys (plural)
turkies (obsolete plural)

Clipping of turkey-cock and turkey-hen (“(originally) the guinea fowl (family Numididae)”), which was imported to Europe by Turkey merchants through Turkey. The word was then applied to the larger northern American bird Meleagris gallopavo which was brought to Spain by conquistadors in 1523. This transfer of the name may have occurred because the two birds were considered similar to each other, or because the North American turkey was in part introduced through Ottoman territories, or simply to indicate that it was foreign.

like turkeys voting for an early Christmas

(countable, bowling) An act of throwing three strikes in a row.

ターキー

(bowling) act of throwing three strikes in a row


absolute

en-adj

absolute (comparative more absolute or absoluter, superlative most absolute or absolutest)

more absolute (comparative)
absoluter (comparative)
most absolute (superlative)
absolutest (superlative)

conditional

antonym(s) of “free of restrictions, limitations, qualifications or conditions”

antonym(s) of “independent of references

First attested around 1380. From Middle English absolut, from Middle French absolut, from Latin absolūtus (“unconditional; unfettered; completed”), perfect passive participle of absolvō (“loosen, set free, complete”), from ab (“away”) + solvo (“to loose”). Influenced in part by Old French absolu. Compare absolve.

независим

grammar: not immediately dependent on the other parts of the sentence

categorical

absolute music

(art, music, dance) Independent of (references to) other arts; expressing things (beauty, ideas, etc) only in one art.


defer

en-verb

defer (third-person singular simple present defers, present participle deferring, simple past and past participle deferred)

defers (present singular third-person)
deferring (participle present)
deferred (participle past)
deferred (past)

Originally a variant of (and hence a doublet of) differ; from Middle English differren (“to postpone”), from Old French differer, from Latin differō.

տարկետել

(transitive) to delay — see also delay, postpone, put off

(American football) After winning the opening coin toss, to postpone until the start of the second half a team's choice of whether to kick off or receive (and to allow the opposing team to make this choice at the start of the first half).


free

From Middle English free, fre, freo, from Old English frēo (“free”), from Proto-West Germanic *frī, from Proto-Germanic *frijaz (“beloved, not in bondage”), from Proto-Indo-European *priHós (“pleased, loved”), from *preyH- (“to please, love”). Related to friend.
cognates, etc
Germanic cognates include West Frisian frij (“free”), Dutch vrij (“free”), Low German free (“free”), German frei (“free”), Danish, Swedish and Norwegian fri (“free”).
Other cognates include Russian приятель (prijatelʹ, “friend”) and Sanskrit प्रिय (priyá-, “beloved”).
Germanic and Celtic are the only Indo-European language branches in which the PIE word with the meaning of "dear, beloved" acquired the additional meaning of "free" in the sense of "not in bondage". This was an extension of the idea of "characteristic of those who are dear and beloved", in other words friends and tribe members (in contrast to unfree inhabitants from other tribes and prisoners of war, many of which were among the slaves – compare the Latin use of liberi to mean both "free persons" and "children of a family").
The verb comes from Middle English freen, freoȝen, from Old English frēon, frēoġan (“to free; make free”), from Proto-West Germanic *frijōn, from Proto-Germanic *frijōną, from Proto-Indo-European *preyH-.

Hargreaves, who left Manchester United on a free during the summer, drilled a 22-yard beauty to open the scoring.

2011 September 21, Sam Lyon, “Man City 2 - 0 Birmingham”, in BBC Sport:

The team won the 200 meters free relay.

(swimming, informal) Abbreviation of freestyle.


board

en-noun

board (countable and uncountable, plural boards)

→ Japanese: ボード (bōdo)

From Middle English bord, from Old English bord, from Proto-West Germanic *bord, from Proto-Germanic *burdą (“board; plank; table”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerdʰ- (“to cut”). The senses "food" and "council" are by metonymy from the sense "table."

inh

(ice hockey, often in the plural) The wall that surrounds an ice hockey rink.


A

* (highest rank, grade, music): From the initial position of the letter A in the English alphabet.
* (blood type): From A antigen


on

Etymology tree
Proto-West Germanic *ana
Old English on
Middle English on
English on
From Middle English on, from Old English on, an (“on, upon, onto, in, into”), from Proto-West Germanic *ana, from Proto-Germanic *ana (“on, at”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂en-.
Cognate with North Frisian a (“on, in”), Saterland Frisian an (“on, at”), West Frisian oan (“on, at”), Dutch aan (“on, at, to”), Low German an (“on, at”), German an (“to, at, on”), Swedish å (“on, at, in”), Faroese á (“on, onto, in, at”), Icelandic á (“on, in”), Gothic 𐌰𐌽𐌰 (ana), Ancient Greek ἀνά (aná, “up, upon”), Albanian në (“in”); and from Old Norse upp á: Danish på, Swedish på, Norwegian på, see upon.

etymon

Southern US, Midland US, Philadelphia, Baltimore

With one out and no men on, Tristen Carranza belted a ball to the opposite field for a solo home run to put the NM State deficit at just 2-1.

2019 February 24, Chris Kennedy, “Aggies Earn Series Win Over Yale in Sunday Finale”, in New Mexico State University Athletics:

Although Stanford was outhit 15-6, the Cardinal stranded eight runners to UCLA's three, hitting just 3-15 with runners on compared to the Bruin's 9-22.

2019 April 6, Daniel Martinez-Krams, “Baseball Falls Short in Game 2 of UCLA Series”, in The Stanford Daily:

(baseball, informal) Having reached a base as a runner and being positioned there, awaiting further action from a subsequent batter.

The captain moved two fielders to the on side.

Ponsonby-Smythe hit a thumping on drive.

(cricket) Within the half of the field on the same side as the batsman's legs; the left side for a right-handed batsman.

If the player fails to hit the ball on, it's a foul.

(snooker, postpositive) Of a ball, being the next in sequence to be potted, according to the rules of the game.


on

"di lunedì" - "on Monday", "di martedì" - "on Tuesday", ...; not always used)

in

used only with generic days, as in "in un giorno differente" - "on a different day"; not always used

(the definite article is used before the time period)

All the way around the table, off four cushions, and ... and he's on the black!

(snooker) In a position of being able to pot (a given ball).


ace

→ Japanese: エース (ēsu)

→ Korean: 에이스 (eiseu)

→ Russian: эйс (ejs)

→ Swedish: ess

(?) → Finnish: ässä

Inherited from Middle English as, from Old French as, from Latin as, assis (“unity, copper coin, the unit of coinage”). Doublet of as. Likely related or deriving ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰs, or otherwise taking from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ- (“sharp, pointed”) in the sense of "singular".

der

(tennis, volleyball) A serve won without the opponent hitting the ball.

punt directe

tennis: point scored without the opponent hitting the ball

(sports) A point won by a single stroke, as in handball, rackets, etc.

(US, baseball) The best pitcher on the team.

(US, baseball, dated, 19th century) A run.

"Most of the aces weren't on holes I would have liked to have made them on," confessed Colk, who dropped his fifth dodo of 1935 on December 29, which was believed at the time to be a record for most aces in a year.

2012, Arv Olson, Backspin: 120 Years of Golf in British Columbia, page 253:


ace

en-verb

ace (third-person singular simple present aces, present participle acing, simple past and past participle aced)

aces (present singular third-person)
acing (participle present)
aced (participle past)
aced (past)

(transitive, intransitive, tennis) To win a point against (an opponent) by an ace.


bone

en-noun

bone (countable and uncountable, plural bones)

From Middle English bon, from Old English bān (“bone, tusk; the bone of a limb”), from Proto-Germanic *bainą (“bone”), from *bainaz (“straight”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeyh₂- (“to hit, strike, beat”).
Cognate with Scots bane, been, bean, bein, bain (“bone”), North Frisian bien (“bone”), West Frisian bien (“bone”), Dutch been (“bone; leg”), German Low German Been, Bein (“bone”), German Bein (“leg”), German Gebein (“bones”), Swedish ben (“bone; leg”), Norwegian and Icelandic bein (“bone”), Breton benañ (“to cut, hew”), Latin perfinēs (“break through, break into pieces, shatter”), Avestan 𐬠𐬫𐬈𐬥𐬙𐬈 (byente, “they fight, hit”). Related also to Old Norse beinn (“straight, right, favourable, advantageous, convenient, friendly, fair, keen”) (whence Middle English bain, bayne, bayn, beyn (“direct, prompt”), Scots bein, bien (“in good condition, pleasant, well-to-do, cosy, well-stocked, pleasant, keen”)), Icelandic beinn (“straight, direct, hospitable”), Norwegian bein (“straight, direct, easy to deal with”). See bain, bein.

cog

sticks and stones may break my bones, but words will never hurt me

what's bred in the bone will come out in the flesh

(American football, informal) The wishbone formation.


wall

From Middle English wal, from Old English weall (“wall, dike, earthwork, rampart, dam, rocky shore, cliff”), from Proto-West Germanic *wall (“wall, rampart, entrenchment”), from Latin vallum (“wall, rampart, entrenchment, palisade”), from Proto-Indo-European *welH- (“to turn, wind, roll”).
Perhaps conflated with waw (“a wall within a house or dwelling, a room partition”), from Middle English wawe, from Old English wāg, wāh (“an interior wall, divider”), see waw.
Cognate with North Frisian wal (“wall”), Saterland Frisian Waal (“wall, rampart, mound”), Dutch wal (“wall, rampart, embankment”), German Wall (“rampart, mound, embankment”), Swedish vall (“mound, wall, bank”). More at wallow, walk.

cog

the apples on the other side of the wall are the sweetest

throw enough mud at the wall and some of it will stick

throw things at the wall and see what sticks

Blackburn were the recipients of another dose of fortune when from another Thomas pass Odemwingie was brought down by Jones inside the penalty area, but referee Mark Clattenburg awarded a free-kick which Chris Brunt slammed into the wall.

2011 January 23, Alistair Magowan, “Blackburn 2-0 West Brom”, in BBC:

(soccer) A line of defenders set up between an opposing free-kick taker and the goal.


ad

From a shortening of the word advantage.

[S]uddenly Agassi hits a hard heavy cross-court back hand that pulls Federer way out to his ad (= his left) side, and Federer gets to it but slices the stretch backhand short, a couple feet past the service line […].

2006, David Foster Wallace, “Federer Both Flesh And Not”, in Both Flesh And Not, Penguin, published 2013, page 5:

(tennis) Advantage; also, designating the left-hand side, from the player's point of view, of their half of the court, where the advantage point following a deuce is always played.


sky

en-verb

sky (third-person singular simple present skies, present participle skying, simple past and past participle skied or skyed)

skies (present singular third-person)
skying (participle present)
skied (participle past)
skied (past)
skyed (participle past)
skyed (past)

The noun is derived from Middle English ski, skie, sky (“firmament, heavens, sky; cloud; cloud of mist or vapour; fog, mist; (astrology) certain configuration of the heavens; (astronomy) sphere of the celestial realm; (physiology) cloudiness, smoky residue (for example, in urine)”) [and other forms], from Old Norse ský (“cloud”), from Proto-Germanic *skiwją (“cloud; sky”), from *skiwô (“cloud; cloud cover, haze; sky”) (whence Old English sċēo (“cloud”) and Middle English skew (“air; sky; (rare) cloud”)), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewH- (“to cover; to conceal, hide”).
The verb is derived from the noun.
cognates
The English word is cognate with Old English scēo (“cloud”), Old Saxon scio, skio, skeo (“light cloud cover”), Danish, Swedish and Norwegian Bokmål sky (“cloud”), Old Irish ceo (“mist, fog”), Irish ceo (“mist, fog”). It is also related to Old English scūa (“shadow, darkness”), Latin obscūrus (“dark, shadowy”), Sanskrit स्कुनाति (skunāti, “he covers”). See also hide, hose, house, hut, shoe.

nb...

schi, schie, schye, sci, scki, scky, scy, skei, skiʒe, skiȝe, sky, skye, (Early Middle English) skige

cog

To clear (a high jump bar, hurdle, etc.) by a large margin.

Hernandez [i.e., Félix Hernández] walked the bases loaded, then fell behind 3–1 in the count to Bobby Abreu, who then skied the next pitch to left for a sacrifice fly.

2009 September 8, Geoff Baker, “Seattle Mariners at Los Angeles Angels: 09/08 game thread”, in The Seattle Times, Seattle, Wash.: The Seattle Times Company, published 29 November 2012, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2021-09-18:

Van Persie [i.e., Robin van Persie] skied a penalty, conceded by Gary Caldwell who was sent off, and also hit the post before scoring his third with a shot at the near post.

2011 January 22, Tim Love, “Arsenal 3 – 0 Wigan”, in BBC Sport, archived from the original on 2021-03-25:

(ball games) To hit, kick, or throw (a ball) extremely high.

(ball games) To hit, kick, or throw a ball extremely high.

(rowing) To raise an oar too high above the water.


open

en-verb

open (third-person singular simple present opens, present participle opening, simple past and past participle opened)

opens (present singular third-person)
opening (participle present)
opened (participle past)
opened (past)
open (infinitive)

From Middle English openen, from Old English openian (“to open”), from Proto-West Germanic *opanōn, from Proto-Germanic *upanōną (“to raise; lift; open”), from Proto-Germanic *upanaz (“open”, adjective).
Cognate with Saterland Frisian eepenje (“to open”), West Frisian iepenje (“to open”), Dutch openen (“to open”), German öffnen (“to open”), Danish åbne (“to open”), Swedish öppna (“to open”), Norwegian Bokmål åpne (“to open”), Norwegian Nynorsk and Icelandic opna (“to open”). Related to English up.

der

(intransitive, cricket) To begin a side's innings as one of the first two batsmen.


gas

en-noun

gas (countable and uncountable, plural gases or gasses)

Borrowed from Dutch gas, coined by chemist Jan Baptist van Helmont in Ortus Medicinae. Derived from Ancient Greek χάος (kháos, “chasm, void, empty space”); perhaps also inspired by geest (“breath, vapour, spirit”). Doublet of chaos. First attested in 1648.

der

New York City, New Orleans, Philadelphia, Baltimore

gas

(uncountable, chemistry) state of matter

بخار خفی (buxār xafî, literally “hidden steam”)

The closer threw him nothing but gas.


abstract

en-adj

abstract (comparative more abstract or abstracter, superlative most abstract or abstractest)

more abstract (comparative)
abstracter (comparative)
most abstract (superlative)
abstractest (superlative)

From Middle English abstract, borrowed from Latin abstractus, perfect passive participle of abstrahō (“draw away”), formed from abs- (“away”) + trahō (“to pull, draw”). The verbal sense is first attested in 1542.

(art) Pertaining to the formal aspect of art, such as the lines, colors, shapes, and the relationships among them.


dollar

→ Burmese: ဒေါ်လာ (daula)

→ Catalan: dòlar

→ Chinese: 刀 (dāo) (colloquial)

→ Czech: dolar

→ Danish: dollar

desctree

→ Dutch: dollar
→ Indonesian: dolar
→ Japanese: ドル (doru)

→ Faroese: dollari

→ French: dollar
→ Romanian: dolar (along with English dollar)

→ German: Dollar

→ Greek: δολάριο (dolário)

→ Hausa: dala

→ Hawaiian: kālā

→ Hebrew: דולר (dolar)

→ Irish: dollar

→ Italian: dollaro

→ Khmer: ដុល្លារ (dŏlléar)

→ Korean: 달러 (dalleo)

→ Latvian: dolārs

→ Lithuanian: doleris

→ Macedonian: долар (dolar)

→ Maori: tāra

→ Nepali: डलर (ḍalar)

→ Norwegian: dollar

→ Papiamentu: dòlò

→ Persian: دلار (dolâr)

→ Polish: dolar
→ Kashubian: dolar

→ Portuguese: dólar

→ Romanian: dolar (along with French dollar)

→ Russian: доллар (dollar)

→ Samoan: tālā
→ English: tala

→ Spanish: dólar

→ Sranan Tongo: dala

→ Swahili: dola

→ Swedish: dollar

→ Thai: ดอลลาร์ (dɔn-lâa)

→ Tokelauan: tālā

→ Ukrainian: долар (dolar)

→ Yiddish: דאָלאַר (dolar)

→ Yoruba: dọ́là

Attested since the mid-16th century, from early Dutch daler, daalder, from German Taler, Thaler (“dollar”), from Sankt Joachimsthaler, literally “of Joachimstal”, the name for coins minted in German Sankt Joachimsthal (“St. Joachim's Valley”) (now Jáchymov, Czech Republic). Ultimately from Joachim + Tal (“valley”). Possibly reinforced by the Dutch leeuwendaalder, which was also used in the American colonies. Cognate to Danish daler. Doublet of taler.

cog

that and a dollar will get you a cup of coffee

Yeah, but why? Lincoln doesn’t need the penny for notoriety. He’s everywhere. We put him on novelty bandages, cup-and-ball games, and creepy Chia Pets. And you know where else we put him? The five-dollar bill! You know, the thing that’s worth 500 times more than the penny!

2015 November 22, “Pennies”, in Last Week Tonight with John Oliver, season 3, episode 35, John Oliver (actor), via HBO:

(numismatics) Official designation for currency in some parts of the world, including Canada, the United States, Australia, New Zealand, Hong Kong, and elsewhere. Its symbol is $.


bench

→ Hindi: बेंच (beñc)

→ Japanese: ベンチ (benchi)

→ Korean: 벤치 (benchi)

→ Swahili: benchi

→ Urdu: بِنْچ (binc)

From Middle English bench, benk, bynk, from Old English benċ (“bench”), from Proto-West Germanic *banki, from Proto-Germanic *bankiz (“bench”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeg-.
Cognate with Scots benk, bink (“bench”), West Frisian bank (“bench”), Dutch bank (“bench”), German Bank (“bench”), Danish bænk (“bench”), Swedish bänk (“bench”), Icelandic bekkur (“bench”). Doublet of banc, banco, and bank.

эскәмйә

sports: where players sit when not playing

He spent the first three games on the bench, watching.

But Chelsea, who left Didier Drogba on the bench as coach Carlo Ancelotti favoured Fernando Torres, staged a stirring fightback to move up to fourth and keep United in their sights on a night when nothing other than victory would have kept the Blues in contention.

2011 March 1, Phil McNulty, “Chelsea 2 - 1 Man Utd”, in BBC:

(sports) The place where players (substitutes) and coaches sit when not playing.

Injuries have shortened the bench.

(sports, figuratively) The number of players on a team able to participate, expressed in terms of length.

vaihtomiehistö

sports: number of players on a team able to participate


bench

en-verb

bench (third-person singular simple present benches, present participle benching, simple past and past participle benched)

benches (present singular third-person)
benching (participle present)
benched (participle past)
benched (past)

They benched him for the rest of the game because they thought he was injured.

OK, you are out! You’re benched!

2016, Kenneth Lonergan, Manchester by the Sea, spoken by hockey coach (Tate Donovan):

(transitive, sports) To remove a player from play.


bench

He became frustrated when his bench increased by only 10 pounds despite a month of training.

(weightlifting) The weight one is able to bench press, especially the maximum weight capable of being pressed.


twig

PIE word
 *dwóh₁
From Middle English twig, twyg, from Old English twiġ, from Proto-Germanic *twīgą (compare West Frisian twiich, Dutch twijg, German Zweig), from Proto-Indo-European *dweygʰom (compare Old Church Slavonic двигъ (dvigŭ, “branch”), Albanian degë (“branch”)), from *dwóh₁. More at two.

cog

You need to find a source of motivation and play off of that. Whether it be the jock in high school that always called you fat, or the guy who picked on you and called you a twig.

2007 February 24, Matt Weik, CSCS, “Successful Tips and Tricks For Contest Prep!”, in Bodybuilding.com:

Schwarzenegger was long past his professional bodybuilding days when he and Carrere shot the tango scene, but he wasn’t a twig.

2022 July 19, Jason Rossi, “Arnold Schwarzenegger’s Most Dangerous Mistake on ‘True Lies’: ‘It Would Have Put Us Back 30 Days in the Production’”, in Showbiz CheatSheet:

(bodybuilding, slang) Somebody, or one of his body parts, not looking developed.


first

en-noun

first (countable and uncountable, plural firsts)

From Middle English first, furst, ferst, fyrst, from Old English fyrest, from Proto-West Germanic *furist, from Proto-Germanic *furistaz (“foremost, first”), superlative of Proto-Germanic *fur, *fura, *furi (“before”), from Proto-Indo-European *per-, *pero- (“forward, beyond, around”), equivalent to fore + -est.
Cognate with North Frisian foarste (“first”), Dutch voorste (“foremost, first”), German Fürst (“chief, prince”, literally “first (born)”), Swedish först (“first”), Norwegian Nynorsk fyrst (“first”), Icelandic fyrstur (“first”).
Other cognates include Sanskrit पूर्व (pūrva, “first”) and Russian первый (pervyj).

cog

There was a close play at first.


tempo

Borrowed from Italian tempo, from Latin tempus (“time”). Doublet of tense.

(cycling) The steady pace set by the frontmost riders.

tempo

cycling: steady pace set by the frontmost riders

(American football) A rapid rate of play by the offense resulting from reducing the amount of time which elapses after one play ends and the next starts.


cane

en-noun

cane (countable and uncountable, plural canes)

From Middle English cane, canne, from Old French cane (“sugar cane”), from Latin canna (“reed”), from Ancient Greek κάννα (kánna), from Akkadian 𒄀 (qanû, “reed”), from Sumerian 𒄀𒈾 (gi.na). Doublet of canna and kaneh. Related to channel and canal.

A rod-shaped tool or device, resembling the stem of the plant.

(countable, glassblowing) A length of colored and/or patterned glass rod, used in the specific glassblowing technique called caneworking


apple

Tok Pisin: apel

q

< <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">apples</i>

→ Abenaki: aples (< apples)

→ Arikara: ápos (< apples)

→ Assamese: আপেল (apel)

→ Bengali: আপেল (apel)

→ Dhivehi: އާފަލު (āfalu)

→ East Futuna: apo

→ Fijian: yapolo

→ Fiji Hindi: aapul

→ Finnish: äpyli

→ Malay: epal (Malaysia)

→ Malayalam: ആപ്പിൾ (āppiḷ)

→ Maori: āporo

→ Marshallese: abōļ

→ Sinhalese: ඇපල් (æpal)

→ Sotho: apole

→ Tamil: ஆப்பிள் (āppiḷ)

→ Telugu: ఆపిల్ (āpil)

desc

→ Thai: แอปเปิล (ɛ́p-bpə̂n)

→ Thai: แอปเปิล (ɛ́p-bpə̂n)

→ Tokelauan: apu

→ Yurok: 'erplers (< apples)

PIE word
 *h₂ébōl
From Middle English appel, from Old English æppel (“apple, fruit in general, ball”), from Proto-West Germanic *applu, from Proto-Germanic *aplaz (“apple”) (compare Scots aipple, West Frisian apel, Dutch appel, German Apfel, Swedish äpple, Danish æble), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ébōl, *h₂ébl̥ (“apple”) (compare Welsh afal, Irish úll, Lithuanian óbuolỹs, Russian я́блоко (jábloko), possibly Ancient Greek ἄμπελος (ámpelos, “vine”)).

inh

the apple doesn't fall far from the tree

- Hey Dad! What do you say we toss the old apple around, huh? Sound like fun?

1990, "The Telltale Head" (The Simpsons season 1 episode 8)

Malus domestica
Malus domestica#Translingual

Something which resembles the fruit of Malus domestica, such as a globe, ball, or breast.

(baseball, slang, obsolete) The ball in baseball.


ten

en-noun

ten (countable and uncountable, plural tens)

From Middle English ten, tene, from Old English tīen, from Proto-West Germanic *tehun, from Proto-Germanic *tehun, from Proto-Indo-European *déḱm̥. Cognate with Scots ten, tene (“ten”), West Frisian tsien (“ten”), Saterland Frisian tjoon (“ten”), North Frisian tiin (“ten”). See also teen.

not touch something with a ten-foot pole

At the 1,000-metres post we gave a ten, which raised our lead to 1⅔ lengths; the Belgians were rowing hard, but one felt that they still had plenty of spurting power.

1911, The Cambridge Review, volume 32, page 486:

Morris gave a ten, and an unbelievable surge ran through the boat, one that I had never felt before.

1982, Stanley French, Aspects of Downing history, page 105:

(countable, rowing) The act of rowing ten strokes flat out.


deuce

From Middle English dewes (“two”), from Anglo-Norman, from Old French deus, from Latin duo. The word was used by Ford to describe a model of car they made in 1932 due to it being a two-seater.

(tennis, table tennis, volleyball) A tied game where either player can win by scoring two consecutive points.

iguals

tennis: tie, both players able to win by scoring two additional points


nine

en:High availability#"Nines"
en:Nines (notation)
nine

From Middle English nyne, nine, from Old English nigon (“nine”), from Proto-West Germanic *neun, from Proto-Germanic *newun (“nine”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁néwn̥ (“nine”). Cognate with Scots neen, nine (“nine”), Saterland Frisian njúgen (“nine”), West Frisian njoggen (“nine”), Dutch negen (“nine”), German Low German negen (“nine”), German neun (“nine”), Danish ni (“nine”), Swedish nio (“nine”), Icelandic níu (“nine”), Gothic 𐌽𐌹𐌿𐌽 (niun, “nine”), Latin novem (“nine”), Ancient Greek ἐννέα (ennéa, “nine”), Sanskrit नवन् (navan, “nine”).

my very educated mother just served us nine pizzas

my very educated mother just served us nine pumpkins

my very excellent mother just served us nine pizzas

nine thousand nine hundred and ninety-nine

The St. Louis club is the only nine in the league which gives its patrons the right to see a full game or no pay.

(baseball) A baseball club, team, or lineup (composed of nine players).


ground

ground (countable and uncountable, plural grounds)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *gʰrm̥túsder.
Proto-Germanic *grunduz
Old English grund
Middle English ground
English ground
From Middle English ground, from Old English grund, from Proto-Germanic *grunduz. Cognate with West Frisian grûn, Dutch grond and German Grund.

etymon

cut the ground from under someone's feet

know one's ass from a hole in the ground

know one's head from a hole in the ground

know the difference between one's ass and a hole in the ground

(countable, cricket) The area of grass on which a match is played (a cricket field); the entire arena in which it is played; the part of the field behind a batsman's popping crease where he can not be run out (hence to make one's ground).


ground

en-verb

ground (third-person singular simple present grounds, present participle grounding, simple past and past participle grounded)

grounds (present singular third-person)
grounding (participle present)
grounded (participle past)
grounded (past)

[Ichiro Suzuki] went 0 for 4, popping out in foul territory, grounding out to second, and striking out looking. And then, in the top of the eighth inning with a runner on second, the “True Hit King” grounded out to short, just barely failing to beat it out.

2019 March 21, Chris Cwik, “Ichiro Suzuki Goes Out in Style, Retires After Series in Japan”, in Yahoo! Sports:

The Twins scored three times in the eighth to make it 9-4 and loaded the bases with no outs. Jeurys Familia got Willians Astudillo to ground into a double play, limiting the damage.

2019 April 10, Ben Walker (AP), “Twins Pitchers Go Wild, Syndergaard and Mets Stroll 9-6”, in Yahoo! Sports, archived from the original on 2019-04-11:

(baseball) To hit a ground ball. Compare fly (verb (regular)) and line (verb).


VB

en-noun

VB (countable and uncountable, plural VBs)


in

PIE word
 *h₁en
Preposition and verb from Middle English in, from Old English in, from Proto-Germanic *in.
Adverb, noun and adjective from Middle English in, from Old English inn and inne, from Proto-Germanic *innai.
Sense 1/2 "in"/"into" are from the original PIE prefix, with locative/accusative case respectively. Sense 3/4 "qualification"/"means" are from the PIE metaphor of all infinitives coming from locatives.

(sports) The state of a batter/batsman who is currently batting; see innings.


in

en-adj

in (comparative more in, superlative most in)

more in (comparative)
most in (superlative)

→ Portuguese: in

בְּ־

written together with the following word

e

before masculine noun, without article; before feminine noun, with article "l'"

If the tennis ball bounces on the line then it's in.

(sports, of the ball or other playing implement) Falling or remaining within the bounds of the playing area.


plant

→ Punjabi: ਪਲਾਂਟ (palāṇṭ)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-plant.wav

From Middle English plante, from Old English plante (“young tree or shrub, herb newly planted”), from Proto-West Germanic *plantu, from Latin planta (“sprout, shoot, cutting”). Broader sense of "any vegetable life, vegetation generally" is from Old French plante. Doublet of clan (borrowed through Celtic languages) and planta (directly from Latin).
The verb is from Middle English planten, from Old English plantian (“to plant”), from Latin plantāre, later influenced by Old French planter. Compare also Dutch planten (“to plant”), German pflanzen (“to plant”), Swedish plantera (“to plant”), Icelandic planta (“to plant”).

inh

O’Sullivan risked a plant that went badly astray, splitting the reds.

(snooker) A play in which the cue ball knocks one (usually red) ball onto another, in order to pot the second; a set.


take

en-verb

take (third-person singular simple present takes, present participle taking, simple past took, past participle taken or (archaic or Scotland) tane)

takes (present singular third-person)
taking (participle present)
took (past)
taken (participle past)
tane (Scotland archaic participle past)
take (infinitive)

Brill Publishers
Helmut Rix
Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben

From Middle English taken (“to take, lay hold of, grasp, strike”), from Old English tacan (“to grasp, touch”), of North Germanic origin, from Old Norse taka (“to touch, take”), from Proto-Germanic *tēkaną (“to touch”), from pre-Germanic *deh₁g- (“to touch”), possibly a phonetically altered form of Proto-Indo-European *te-th₂g- (“to touch, take”) (see there for details).
Cognate with Scots tak, Icelandic and Norwegian Nynorsk taka (“to take”), Norwegian Bokmål ta (“to take”), Swedish ta (“to take”), Danish tage (“to take, seize”), Middle Dutch taken (“to grasp”), Dutch taken (“to take; grasp”), Middle Low German tacken (“to grasp”). English thack may be from the same root. Compare tackle. Unrelated to Lithuanian tèkti (“to receive, be granted”), which is instead cognate with English thig.
Gradually displaced Middle English nimen (“to take”; see nim), from Old English niman (“to take”).

unést

to support or carry without failing or breaking

(transitive) To get into one's hands, possession, or control, with or without force.

(transitive, cricket) To catch the ball; especially as a wicket-keeper and after the batsman has missed or edged it.

He'll probably take this one.

(transitive, baseball) To decline to swing at (a pitched ball); to refrain from hitting at, and allow to pass.


take

(rugby, cricket) A catch of the ball (in cricket, especially one by the wicket-keeper).


bit

From Middle English bitte, bite, from Old English bita (“bit; fragment; morsel”) and bite (“a bite; cut”), from Proto-Germanic *bitô and *bitiz; both from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeyd- (“to split”). More at bite.
cognates
Cognate with West Frisian bit, Saterland Frisian Bit, Dutch bit, German Low German Beet, Biet, German Biss and Bissen, Danish bid, Swedish bit, Icelandic biti.

der

The 400 metres race was won in 47 seconds and bits.

(in the plural, informal, sports) Fractions of a second.


six

From Middle English six, from Old English six, from Proto-West Germanic *sehs, from Proto-Germanic *sehs, from Proto-Indo-European *swéḱs. Compare West Frisian seis, Dutch zes, Low German söss, sess, German sechs, Norwegian and Danish seks, also Latin sex, Ancient Greek ἕξ (héx), Sanskrit षष् (ṣaṣ). Doublet of sice. Toilet sense predates military usage.

Table of cardinal numbers 0 to 9 in various languages

England required 15 from the last over of the regular match. Ben Stokes hit a six and benefited when a throw from the deep hit him and went for four overthrows.

2019 July 14, Stephan Shemilt, “England win Cricket World Cup: Ben Stokes stars in dramatic finale against New Zealand”, in BBC Sport, London:

(cricket, countable) An event whereby a batsman hits a ball which does not bounce before passing over a boundary in the air, resulting in an award of 6 runs for the batting team.


can

en-verb

can (third-person singular simple present cans, present participle canning, simple past and past participle canned)

cans (present singular third-person)
canning (participle present)
canned (participle past)
canned (past)
can (infinitive)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-can.wav

From Middle English canne, from Old English canne (“glass, container, cup, can”), from Proto-Germanic *kannǭ (“can, tankard, mug, cup”).

inh

I thought I had canned it, but it just missed, and I tapped in the second one for a par.

1958, Dick Mayer, How to Think and Swing Like a Golf Champion, page 186:

(golf, slang, transitive) To hole the ball.


orange

en-noun

orange (countable and uncountable, plural oranges)

→ Esperanto: oranĝo

→ Japanese: オレンジ (orenji)

desc

→ Kashubian: orendż (Canada, United States)

→ Korean: 오렌지 (orenji)

→ Makah: ʔo·linčas

→ Malay: oren

→ Marshallese: oran

Etymology tree
Proto-Mon-Khmer *lŋaamder.?
Sanskrit नारङ्ग (nāraṅga)bor.
Classical Persian نَارَنْگ (nārang)bor.
Arabic نَارَنْج (nāranj)bor.
Old Occitan auranjabor.
Old French orengebor.
Middle English orenge
English orange
Inherited from Middle English orenge, orange, from Old French pome orenge (“fruit orange”), influenced by the place name Orange (which is from Gaulish and unrelated to the word for the fruit and color) and by Old Occitan auranja and calqued from Old Italian melarancio, melarancia, compound of mela (“apple”) and un'arancia (“an orange”), from Arabic نَارَنْج (nāranj), from Early Classical Persian نَارَنْگْ (nārang), from Sanskrit नारङ्ग (nāraṅga, “orange tree”), ultimately from Dravidian. Compare Tamil நாரங்காய் (nāraṅkāy), compound of நாரம் (nāram, “water”) and காய் (kāy, “fruit”); also Telugu నారంగము, నారింజ (nāraṅgamu, nāriñja), Malayalam നാരങ്ങ (nāraṅṅa), Kannada ನಾರಂಗಿ (nāraṅgi)).
Originally borrowed as the surname (derived from the place name) in the 13th century, before the sense of the fruit was imported in the late 14th century and the color in 1510. In the color sense, largely displaced ġeolurēad, whence yellow-red.

cog

Tamil நாரங்காய் (nāraṅkāy)

నారంగము, నారింజ

橘子

technically "tangerine", but often used as "orange"

there's more than one way to peel an orange

For quotations using this term, see Citations:orange.


eight

From Middle English eighte, aught, eahte, ahte, from Old English eahta, from Proto-West Germanic *ahtō, from Proto-Germanic *ahtōu, from Proto-Indo-European *oḱtṓw.
Cognate with Scots aucht (“eight”), West Frisian acht (“eight”), Dutch acht (“eight”), Low German acht (“eight”), German acht (“eight”), Norwegian åtte (“eight”), Swedish åtta (“eight”), Icelandic átta (“eight”), Latin octo (“eight”), Ancient Greek ὀκτώ (oktṓ), Irish ocht (“eight”).

(rowing, especially in plural) A race in which such craft participate.

(rowing) The eight people who crew a rowing-boat.


nickel

en-noun

nickel (countable and uncountable, plural nickels)

Borrowed from German Nickel, first used in a text by the Swedish mineralogist Axel F. Cronstedt as an abbreviation of Kupfernickel (“a mineral containing copper and nickel”), from Kupfer (“copper”) + Nickel (“insignificant person, goblin”), originally nickname of Nikolaus (“Nicholas”), due to the deceptive silver colour of the relatively valueless ore. Compare cobalt as related to kobolds.

that and a nickel will buy you a cup of coffee

that and a nickel will get you on the subway

you pays your nickel and you takes your chances

you pays your nickel and you takes your choice

(American football) A defensive formation with five defensive backs, one of whom is a nickelback, instead of the more common four.


bomb

From French bombe, from Italian bomba, from Latin bombus (“a booming sound”), from Ancient Greek βόμβος (bómbos, “booming, humming, buzzing”), imitative of the sound itself. Doublet of bombe. Compare boom.

onomatopoeic

imitative

(social) Something highly effective or attractive.

(American football, slang) A long forward pass.

(rugby, soccer, slang) A high kick that sends the ball relatively straight up so players can get under it before it comes down.

With five seconds remaining, Smith received the inbounds pass and launched a bomb that dropped through the net to give his team an 80-79 victory.

2013, Brett L. Abrams, Raphael Mazzone, The Bullets, the Wizards, and Washington, DC, Basketball, page 163:

(basketball, slang) A throw into the basket from a considerable distance.

(professional wrestling) A professional wrestling throw in which an opponent is lifted and then slammed back-first down to the mat.


pit

From Middle English pit, pet, püt, from Old English pytt, from Proto-West Germanic *puti, from Latin puteus (“trench, pit, well”), although there are phonetic difficulties.

he who digs a pit for others falls in himself

Two drivers have already gone into the pit this early in the race.

(motor racing) An area at a racetrack used for refueling and repairing the vehicles during a race.

The ball carrier can be with or without a football. For the “Head-On” tackle have the “Ball Carrier” stand right in front of the pit and face the tackler.

2007, Bob Swope, Youth Football Drills and Plays Handbook, page 29:

“They don't call the middle of the line The Pit for nothing. We really do get like animals, trying to claw one another apart in there. It is very hard in The Pit. No matter how it seems, no matter what the score shows, it's always hard. […]

2018, Paul Zimmerman, The New Thinking Man's Guide to Professional Football:

(American football) The center of the line.


pit

en-verb

pit (third-person singular simple present pits, present participle pitting, simple past and past participle pitted)

pits (present singular third-person)
pitting (participle present)
pitted (participle past)
pitted (past)

Bottas had to pit earlier than expected for fresh tyres. Hamilton followed him in next time around and the two drivers were instructed to stay off the kerbs to protect their tyres.

2020 September 13, Andrew Benson, “Tuscan Grand Prix: Lewis Hamilton claims 90th win after incredible race”, in BBC Sport:

(intransitive, motor racing) To return to the pits during a race for refuelling, tyre changes, repairs etc.


pommy

(heraldry) Semé of (strewn with) pommes (roundels vert).


prick

prick (third-person singular simple present pricks, present participle pricking, simple past and past participle pricked)

pricks (present singular third-person)
pricking (participle present)
pricked (participle past)
pricked (past)

From Middle English prikken, from Old English prician, priccan (“to prick”), from Proto-Germanic *prikōną, *prikjaną (“to pierce, prick”), of uncertain origin; perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *breyǵ- (“to scrape, scratch, rub, prickle, chap”). Cognate with dialectal English pritch, Dutch prikken (“to prick, sting”), Middle High German pfrecken (“to prick”), Swedish pricka (“to dot, prick”), and possibly to Lithuanian įbrėžti (“to scrape, scratch, carve, inscribe, strike”).

cog

(transitive) To pierce or puncture slightly.

(farriery) To drive a nail into (a horse's foot), so as to cause lameness.

They had shot at old Tom, the hare, too, but he is still alive; at least I pricked him yesterday morn across the path into the turnip field.

1871, Robert Smith Surtees, Jorrocks's jaunts and jollities, page 48:

(transitive, hunting) To shoot without killing.

To pierce or puncture slightly.
To shoot without killing.


eleven

From Middle English elleven, enleven, eleven, from Old English endleofan; from Proto-Germanic *ainalif (“one left”) (i.e., one left over after having already counted to ten), a compound of *ainaz and *-lif, from Proto-Indo-European *leyp- (“leave, remain”). Compare West Frisian alve, Low German ölven, Dutch elf, German elf, Icelandic ellefu, Danish and Norwegian elleve.

der

(cricket) A cricket team of eleven players. Hence first eleven - the team of best cricket players (at a school), second eleven - the "B" team, etc.

(soccer) A football team of eleven players; the starting lineup.


floor exercise

(gymnastics) A performance on a mat-covered floor using no apparatus.


five

PIE word
 *pénkʷe
From Middle English five, vif, fif, from Old English fīf (“five”), from Proto-West Germanic *fimf (“five”), from Proto-Germanic *fimf (“five”), from Proto-Indo-European *pénkʷe.
See also West Frisian fiif, Dutch vijf, German fünf, Norwegian and Swedish fem, Icelandic fimm; also Welsh pump, Latin quinque, Tocharian A päñ, Tocharian B piś, Lithuanian penki, Russian пять (pjatʹ), Albanian pesë, pêsë, Ancient Greek πέντε (pénte), Armenian հինգ (hing), Persian پنج (panj), Sanskrit पञ्च (páñca). Doublet of cinque, pimp (“five”), ponzu, punch (“beverage”), and sengi (“currency”); related to Pompeii.
The nasal *m in Proto-Germanic *fimf was lost through a sound change known as the Ingvaeonic nasal spirant law.

doublet

see for numerical forms in other scripts

put two and two together and come up with five

that and twenty-five cents will get you a cup of coffee

(basketball) A basketball team, club or lineup.


cow

en-noun

cow (countable and uncountable, plural cows or cattle or (archaic or dialectal) kine)

cows (plural)
cattle (plural)
kine (archaic dialectal plural)

bull

antonym(s) of “female domesticated ox or other bovine”

Sranan Tongo: kaw

Tok Pisin: kau

q

from <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">cows</i>

→ Abenaki: kaoz (from cows)

→ Maori: kau

From Middle English cou, cu, from Old English cū (“cow”), from Proto-West Germanic *kō, from Proto-Germanic *kōz (“cow”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws (“cow”).
Cognate with Sanskrit गौ (gow), Ancient Greek βοῦς (boûs), Persian گاو (gâv)), Latvian govs (“cow”), Proto-Slavic *govędo (Serbo-Croatian govedo, Russian говядина (govjadina) ("beef")), Scots coo (“cow”), North Frisian ko, kø (“cow”), West Frisian ko (“cow”), Dutch koe (“cow”), Low German Koh, Koo, Kau (“cow”), German Kuh (“cow”), Swedish ko (“cow”), Norwegian ku (“cow”), Icelandic kýr (“cow”), Latin bōs (“ox, bull, cow”), Armenian կով (kov, “cow”). Doublet of beef.
The plural kine is from Middle English kyne, kyn, kuin, kiin, kien (“cows”), either a double plural of Middle English ky, kye (“cows”), equivalent to modern kye + -en, or inherited from Old English cȳna (“cows', of cows”), genitive plural of cū (“cow”).

the cow knows not the worth of its tail till it loses it

why buy the cow when you can get the milk for free

(fishing, slang) A fish that is very large for its species, such as a large striped bass or large bluefin tuna.


MIA

56 Michael Jordan, CHI vs. MIA, Apr. 29, 1992.

1996, Marty Strasen, Basketball Almanac, 1996-97, page 415:


league

en-noun

league (countable and uncountable, plural leagues)

→ Japanese: リーグ (rīgu)

→ Korean: 리그 (rigeu)

From Middle English liege, ligg, lige (“a pact between governments, an agreement, alliance”), from Middle French ligue, from Italian lega, from the verb legare, from Latin ligō (“I tie”).

My favorite sports organizations are the National Football League and the American League in baseball.

(sports) An organization of sports teams which play against one another for a championship.

Are you going to watch the league tonight?

(informal, rugby, uncountable) Ellipsis of rugby league.


Jupiter

From Latin Iūpiter (“father Jove”), from Proto-Italic *djous patēr (literally “sky father”) (cognate with Ancient Greek Ζεῦ πάτερ (Zeû páter, “father Zeus”)), from *djous (“day, sky”) + *patēr (“father”), from Proto-Indo-European *dyḗws (literally “the bright one”), from *dyew- (“to be bright, day sky”), and *ph₂tḗr (“father”). Doublet of Dyaus Pita.

der

5. Jupiter, a Mace of Majestry in Bend Sol.

1693, Richard Blome, The Art of Heraldry, in two parts ... second edition ..., pages 76-77:

George [...] 2d. Jupiter, three Fleurs de Lis Sol, for the Arms of France. 3d. Jupiter, an Irish Harp Sol, stringed Luna, for Ireland.

1718, Samuel Kent, The Grammar of Heraldry … Second Edition:

8. Tierce in Mantle, first Mars, two Lions passant-guardant in pale, Sol, for Brunswick; 2d Sol, Semi of Hearts proper, a Lion rampant Jupiter, for Lunenburgh; 3d, ente en Point, Mars, an Horse currant Luna, for Saxony. Note, these Ensigns (which are the paternal Coat of his Majesty King George) I have added as an Example, to shew the Form of what foreign Heralds term Tierce in Mantle, ente en Pointe, &c. […]

1735, Francis Nichols, The Irish Compendium … vol. III of the British Compendium, second edition, page 80:

ARMS. QUARTERLY, in the first grand Quarter Mars, three Lions passant-guardant in Pale, Sol; the Imperial Ensigns of England, impaled with the Royal Arms of Scotland, which are Sol, a Lion rampant within a double Tressure flower'd and counterflower'd with Fleurs-de-lis, Mars. The second Quarter is the Royal Arms of France, viz. Jupiter, three Fleurs-de-lis, Sol. The third, the Ensign of Ireland, which is, Jupiter, an Harp Sol, stringed Luna.

1737, Benjamin Martin, Bibliotheca Technologica: Or, a Philological Library, page 631:

(heraldry, rare) Azure (blue), in the postmedieval practice of blazoning the tinctures of certain sovereigns' (especially British monarchs') coats as planets.


green

en-adj

green (comparative greener, superlative greenest)

greener (comparative)
greenest (superlative)

Bislama: grin

→ Marshallese: kūriin

Tok Pisin: grin

Etymology tree
Proto-Germanic *grōniz
Proto-Indo-European *-h₂
Proto-Indo-European *-ih₂
Proto-Germanic *-į̄
Proto-West Germanic *-ī
Proto-West Germanic *grōnī
Old English grēne
Middle English grene
English green
From Middle English grene, from Old English grēne, from Proto-West Germanic *grōnī, from Proto-Germanic *grōniz, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰreh₁- (“to grow”). More at grow.
See also North Frisian green, West Frisian grien, Dutch groen, Low German grön, green, greun, German grün, Danish and Norwegian Nynorsk grøn, Swedish grön, Norwegian Bokmål grønn, Icelandic grænn.
The sense "obscene, pornographic, sexual" in the Philippines is from a calque of Spanish verde.

der

the grass is always greener on the other side of the road

(cricket) Describing a pitch which, even if there is no visible grass, still contains a significant amount of moisture.


green

en-noun

green (countable and uncountable, plural greens)

I gave him my putter earlier this year in Oklahoma City. He was having trouble on the greens and I said, ‘Here, try this.’ He did, and he’s been going great guns ever since.

1964 June 16, Arnold Palmer, quotee, “All Eyes On Lema At U.S. Open This Week”, in The Indianapolis Star, volume 62, number 11, Indianapolis, Ind., page 22:

There are eighteen holes but I dare any visitor to find more than, say, twelve fairways and seven or eight greens.

2010, Dan Jenkins, Fairways and Greens, →ISBN, page 233:

(golf) A putting green, the part of a golf course near the hole.

(snooker) One of the colour balls used in snooker, with a value of 3 points.


jack

→ Brazilian Portuguese: jegue

→ European Portuguese: jaque

Transferative use of the personal name Jack.

náłbiil bijaadbee dahnádidlohí

device for raising and supporting a heavy object

jekker

military: coarse medieval coat of defense

(cricket, slang) The eleventh batsman to come to the crease in an innings.


jack

The year before ('76) Kingman had 37 jacks with only 502 PAs. Is that the limit?

2001 October 8, Ray Dames, “Re: McGwire's Year”, in rec.sport.baseball (Usenet):

Me three. I never have quite understood all the "three true outcomes" fetish around here. I mean, I know that building an offense around walks and 3-run jacks embodies the Sabermetric Virtues, and especially in today's conditions that's the way to win, but man, it sure leads to some slow, boring games.

2002 April 18, Perry, “Re: To all you Oakland A's fans...”, in rec.sport.baseball (Usenet):

3-run jacks are just another tool in a team's chest. The goal is to make the playoffs, then win at least one more game than your opponent each round. And repeat next year, and the year after that, and...

2004 January 18, Terrell Miller, “Re: Does playing for the 3-run home run really help you win championships?”, in rec.sport.baseball (Usenet):


jack

en-verb

jack (third-person singular simple present jacks, present participle jacking, simple past and past participle jacked)

jacks (present singular third-person)
jacking (participle present)
jacked (participle past)
jacked (past)

An excellent piece of work, Wayne thought, so good in fact, he wasn’t surprised when Bailey walked to the plate and on the first pitch jacked the ball far into the parking lot outside the left-field fence for a tournament winning homerun.

1986, Arete: The Journal of Sport Literature, volume 4, Sport Literature Association:

Therefore, even though Vizquel is certainly not a power hitter, at times he will try to jack the ball, perhaps pulling it with just enough oomph to carry down the line for a homer.

2004, Wayne Stewart, Hitting Secrets of the Pros: Big League Sluggers Reveal the Tricks of Their Trade, McGraw-Hill Professional, →ISBN, page 90:

Maybe he hung a curve ball to somebody and they jacked it out of the park on him and he wasn’t upset about it.

a. 2009, Jim McManus, quoted in T.J. Lewis, A View from the Mound: My Father’s Life in Baseball, Lulu.com (publisher, 2008), page 107

(transitive, slang, baseball) To hit (the ball) hard; especially, to hit (the ball) out of the field, producing a home run.


second

From Middle English secunde, second, secound, secund, borrowed from Old French second, seond, from Latin secundus (“following, next in order”), from root of sequor (“I follow”), from Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ- (“to follow”). Doublet of secund and secundo. Displaced native twoth and partially displaced native other (from Old English ōþer (“other; next; second”)).


second

en-verb

second (third-person singular simple present seconds, present participle seconding, simple past and past participle seconded)

seconds (present singular third-person)
seconding (participle present)
seconded (participle past)
seconded (past)

(climbing) To climb after a lead climber.


balance beam

(gymnastics) A gymnastics apparatus, a narrow wooden rail used in artistic (athletic) gymnastics.

(gymnastics) A gymnastics event using the balance beam apparatus.


cherry

→ Bengali: চেরি (ceri)

→ Burmese: ချယ်ရီ (hkyairi)

→ Cantonese: 車厘子／车厘子 (ce¹ lei⁴ zi²)

→ Hindi: चेरी (cerī)

→ Japanese: チェリー (cherī)

→ Kapampangan: tiéri

→ Korean: 체리 (cheri)

→ Malay: ceri

Indonesian: ceri

→ Maori: tiere

→ Punjabi: ਚੈਰੀ f (cairī)

→ Spanish: cherry

→ Swahili: cheri

→ Urdu: چیری (cerī)

→ Thai: เชอร์รี (chəə-rîi)

From Middle English chery, cherie, chirie, from Anglo-Norman cherise (mistaken as a plural) and Old English ċiris, ċirse (“cherry”), both ultimately from Vulgar Latin ceresia, derived from Late Latin ceresium, cerasium, from Ancient Greek κεράσιον (kerásion, “cherry fruit”), from κερασός (kerasós, “bird cherry”), and ultimately possibly of Anatolian origin (the intervocalic σ suggests a pre-Greek origin for the word). Doublet of cerise and kirsch.

dwarf cherry

P. fruticosa, P. pumila; Exocarpus strictus

The Indians have to get early wickets on the morrow and they will have the option of taking the new cherry.

2000, Woorkheri Raman, Indians adopt safety first tactics, ESPNcricinfo

Players are back out and it's Harmison to have first go with the cherry.

2007, Ben Dirs, England v West Indies 1st Test, BBC:


ostrich

/ˈɒs.tɹɪt͡ʃ/

/ˈɒs.tɹɪd͡ʒ/

/ˈɔs.tɹɪt͡ʃ/

/ˈɑs.tɹɪt͡ʃ/

/ˈɔs.tɹɪd͡ʒ/

/ˈɑs.tɹɪd͡ʒ/

From Middle English ostrich, ostriche, ostryche, ostrige, borrowed from Anglo-Norman ostrige and Old French ostruce, from Vulgar Latin *austruthio, from Latin avis (“bird”) + strūthiō (“ostrich”), from Ancient Greek στρουθίων (strouthíōn), or shortened from strūthiocamēlus, from Ancient Greek στρουθιοκάμηλος (strouthiokámēlos), from στρουθός (strouthós, “sparrow”) + κάμηλος (kámēlos, “camel”). Compare Spanish avestruz and Portuguese avestruz.

στρουθιοκάμηλος

(golf) The hypothetical completion of a hole five strokes under par (a quintuple birdie, quadruple eagle, triple albatross, or double condor).


belly flop

(diving) A style of diving into a body of water in which the surface impact is made mostly by one's abdomen.


head

en-noun

head (countable and uncountable, plural heads or head)

base

antonym(s) of “topmost part of anything”

→ Japanese: ヘッド (heddo)

Sranan Tongo: ede

Aukan: ede

Saramaccan: hédi

From Middle English hed, heed, heved, heaved, from Old English hēafd-, hēafod (“head; top; source, origin; chief, leader; capital”), from Proto-West Germanic *haubud, from Proto-Germanic *haubudą (“head”), from Proto-Indo-European *káput-. The modern word comes from Old English oblique stem hēafd-, the expected Modern English outcome for hēafod would be *heaved (similar to the Middle English word). Doublet of cape, capo, caput, chef, chief, and Howth.
cognates
Cognate with Scots heid, hede, hevid, heved (“head”), Old English hafola (“head”), North Frisian hood (“head”), Dutch hoofd (“head”), German Haupt (“head”), Swedish huvud (“head”), Danish hoved (“head”), Icelandic höfuð (“head”), Latin caput (“head”), Sanskrit कपाल (kapāla, “skull”), Hindi कपाल (kapāl, “skull”).

頭

つぶり, tsuburi, つぃぶる, tsiburu, つぃぶるぃ, tsiburi

pää

have one's head screwed on the right way

run around like a chicken with its head cut off

would lose one's head if it wasn't attached

would lose one's head if it wasn't bolted on

would lose one's head if it wasn't glued on

would lose one's head if it wasn't screwed on

would lose one's head if it wasn't stuck on

would lose one's head if it wasn't tied on

would lose one's head if it weren't attached

you can't put an old head on young shoulders

you can't put a wise head on young shoulders

en:topmost, foremost, or leading part of any of various things

(countable) The topmost, foremost, or leading part.

(billiards) The end of a pool table opposite the end where the balls have been racked.

(countable) The principal operative part of a machine or tool.

(lacrosse) The top part of a lacrosse stick that holds the ball.


head

en-verb

head (third-person singular simple present heads, present participle heading, simple past and past participle headed)

heads (present singular third-person)
heading (participle present)
headed (participle past)
headed (past)

Near-synonyms: behead, dehead

The salmon are first headed and then scaled.

(fishing, transitive) To remove the head from (a fish).


boomerang

→ Japanese: ブーメラン (būmeran)

Australian rules football
Australian rules football

(Australian rules football, rugby) A boomerang kick.


third

en-noun

third (countable and uncountable, plural thirds)

PIE word
 *tréyes
From Middle English thirde, thridde, from Old English þridda, from Proto-Germanic *þridjô, from Pre-Germanic *tretyós, a remodeling of Proto-Indo-European *tr̥tyós.

The play ended with Jones standing on third.

(golf) A handicap of one stroke every third hole.


cast

en-verb

cast (third-person singular simple present casts, present participle casting, simple past and past participle cast or (nonstandard) casted)

casts (present singular third-person)
casting (participle present)
cast (participle past)
cast (past)
casted (nonstandard participle past)
casted (nonstandard past)
cast (infinitive)

Etymology tree
Proto-Germanic *kas-
Proto-Germanic *kastōną
Old Norse kastabor.
Middle English casten
English cast
From Middle English casten, from Old Norse kasta (“to throw, cast, overturn”), from Proto-Germanic *kastōną (“to throw, cast”), of unknown origin.
Cognate with Scots cast (“to cast, throw”), Danish kaste (“to throw”), Swedish kasta (“to throw, cast, fling, toss, discard”), Icelandic kasta (“to pitch, toss”). In the sense of "flinging", displaced native warp.
The senses relating to broadcasting are based on that same term; compare -cast.

cog

let he who is without sin cast the first stone

let him that is without sin cast the first stone

let him who is without sin cast the first stone

He clambered on to an apron of rock that held its area out to the sun and began to cast across it. The direction of the wind changed and the scent touched him again.

1955, William Golding, The Inheritors, Faber and Faber, published 2005, page 50:

(hunting) Of dogs, hunters: to spread out and search for a scent.

hakea vainu

hunting: to spread out and search for a scent


cast

I went out on the timber boom and made a few casts, but with little success.

1886, Peter Christen Asbjørnsen, translated by H.L. Brækstad, Folk and Fairy Tales, page 152:

(fishing) An instance of throwing out a fishing line.

As when a cast of Faulcons make their flight / An an Herneshaw, that lyes aloft on wing […]

1596, Edmund Spenser, “Book VI, Canto VII”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:

Louis XIV was keen, employing a total hawking personnel of 175 and adding a fourth cast of gyrfalcons to hunt hares in 1682 […].

2007, Tim Blanning, The Pursuit of Glory, Penguin, published 2013, page 395:

(hawking) The number of hawks (or occasionally other birds) cast off at one time; a pair.


sieve

en-verb

sieve (third-person singular simple present sieves, present participle sieving, simple past and past participle sieved)

sieves (present singular third-person)
sieving (participle present)
sieved (participle past)
sieved (past)

From Middle English sive, syfe, from Old English sife, from Proto-West Germanic *sibi (“sieve”), from Proto-Indo-European *seyp-, *seyb- (“to pour, sieve, strain, run, drip”). Akin to German Sieb, Dutch zeef, Proto-Slavic *sito (Russian си́то (síto), сев (sev), се́ять (séjatʹ)).

This was their seventh defeat out of nine finals, including five in a row, and the second half was a chastening experience for the Serie A champions, culminating in them sieving more goals in one match than in the rest of the competition put together.

2017 June 3, Daniel Taylor, “Real Madrid win Champions League as Cristiano Ronaldo double defeats Juv”, in The Guardian (London):


purple

en-adj

purple (comparative purpler or more purple, superlative purplest or most purple)

purpler (comparative)
more purple (comparative)
purplest (superlative)
most purple (superlative)

nonpurple

antonym(s) of “having purple as its colour”

From Middle English purple, purpel, from Old English purpul (“purple”, adjective), taken from Old English purpure (“purple colour”, noun), from Latin purpura (“purple dye, shellfish”), from Ancient Greek πορφύρα (porphúra, “purple-fish”), perhaps of Semitic origin. Doublet of purpura and purpure.
The sense of "imperial power" is from the wearing of the color purple by emperors and kings.

der

(motor racing, of a sector, lap, etc.) Completed in the fastest time so far in a given session.


approval

en-noun

approval (countable and uncountable, plural approvals)

authorization

in some legal contexts, authorization is different from approval

(especially philately) Something mailed by a seller to a collector to match their stated interests; the collector can approve of or return the item.

시제품

(chiefly philately) item sent to a collector


tiger

→ Volapük: tigrid

→ Welsh: teigr

Canada, Inland Northern American, New England, some speakers

From Middle English tygre, in part from Old English tigras (pl.), in part from Anglo-Norman tigre, both from Latin tigris, from Ancient Greek τίγρις (tígris), from Iranian (compare Avestan 𐬙𐬌𐬔𐬭𐬌 (tigri, “arrow”), 𐬙𐬌𐬖𐬭𐬀 (tiγra, “pointed”)). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)teyg- (“to pierce, prick, be sharp”). Compare English stick.

der

The heraldic tiger is a mythical beast, quite unlike a real tiger which is described in heraldry as a Bengal tiger. The ordinary tiger has no stripes, has a horn protruding from its nose, has tusks like a boar and a tufted mane, and has a lion's tail instead of a tiger's.

1968, Charles MacKinnon of Dunakin, The Observer's Book of Heraldry, page 69:

(heraldry) A representation of a large mythological cat, used on a coat of arms.


fifty

PIE word
 *pénkʷe
From Middle English fifty, from Old English fīftiġ, from Proto-Germanic *fimf tigiwiz (“five tens”).

inh

(cricket) A batsman's score of at least 50 runs and less than 100 runs.


pink

Origin uncertain; perhaps from Dutch pinken (“blink”) or the English verb pink from the same source. Perhaps from the notion of the petals being pinked.

Oh dear, he's left himself snookered behind the pink.

(snooker) One of the colour balls used in snooker, coloured pink, with a value of 6 points.


four

en-noun

four (countable and uncountable, plural fours)

Arabic numerals
Chinese numerals
Greek numerals
Roman numerals
four

non-rhotic, dough–door merger, African-American Vernacular

From Middle English four, from Old English fēower, from Proto-West Germanic *feuwar, from Proto-Germanic *fedwōr, from previous pre-Grimm *petwṓr, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷetwṓr, the neuter form of *kʷetwóres. Doublet of cuatro and quatre.
Cognates include Scots fower, Saterland Frisian fjauer, West Frisian fjouwer, Dutch vier, German Low German veer, German vier, Norwegian Bokmål and Danish fire, Swedish fyra, Gothic 𐍆𐌹𐌳𐍅𐍉𐍂 (fidwōr) and, more distantly, Latin quattuor (whence Spanish cuatro, French quatre), Ancient Greek τέσσαρες (téssares), Irish ceathair, Armenian չորս (čʻors), Lithuanian keturi, Albanian katër, Sanskrit चतुर् (catur).

четворка

rowing: four-man sweep racing shell or its crew

(cricket, countable) An event in which the batsmen run four times between the wickets or, more often, a batsman hits a ball which bounces on the ground before passing over a boundary, resulting in an award of 4 runs for the batting team. If the ball does not bounce before passing over the boundary, a six is awarded instead.

(basketball, countable) A power forward.

The team bought a new four last season.

(rowing) Four-man sweep racing shell, with or without a coxswain.

Our four won both races.

We got third place in the varsity four.

(colloquial) A regatta event for four boats.


kill

en-verb

kill (third-person singular simple present kills, present participle killing, simple past and past participle killed)

kills (present singular third-person)
killing (participle present)
killed (participle past)
killed (past)
kill (infinitive)

From Middle English killen, kyllen, cüllen (“to strike, beat, cut”), of obscure origin. Cognate with Scots kele, keil (“to kill”).
* Perhaps from Old English *cyllan, from Proto-West Germanic *kwulljan, from Proto-Germanic *kwuljaną, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷelH- (“to throw, hit, hurt by throwing”).
* Or, possibly a variant of Old English cwellan (“to kill, murder, execute”) (see quell).
* Or, from Old Norse kolla (“to hit on the head, harm”), related to Norwegian kylla (“to poll”), Middle Dutch kollen (“to knock down”), Icelandic kollur (“top, head”); see also coll, cole).
Compare also Saterland Frisian källe (“to hurt”), Middle Dutch kellen (“to kill, hurt”), Middle Low German kellen, killen (“to ache strongly, cause one great pain”), Middle High German kellen (“to torment; torture”).

cog

l-vocalizing: UK, General Australian, New Zealand

That close call encouraged Wales to launch another series of attacks that ended when lock Louis Deacon killed the ball illegally in the shadow of England's posts.

2011 February 4, Gareth Roberts, “Wales 19-26 England”, in BBC:

(transitive, sports) To strike (a ball, etc.) with such force and placement as to make a shot that is impossible to defend against, usually winning a point.

As the ball was delivered deep into St Kilda's forward line by Billings, Bontempelli had position on the goal line, with a pack forming in front of him. He decided to fly but didn't kill the ball, leaving it to spill where he had been positioned moments earlier. Jack Sinclair gratefully swooped and kicked a goal that cut the margin to five points.

2015 May 10, Nathan Schmook, “Billings vs Bont”, in St Kilda Football Club:

(transitive, sports) To cause (a ball, etc.) to be out of play, resulting in a stoppage of gameplay.