jam

en-noun

jam (countable and uncountable, plural jams)

→ Armenian: ջեմ (ǰem)

→ Azerbaijani: cem

→ Belarusian: джэм (džem)

→ Bengali: জ্যাম (jêm)

→ Bulgarian: джем (džem)

→ Cantonese: 占 (zim1, zem1)

→ Czech: džem

→ Dutch: jam

→ Estonian: džemm

→ Finnish: jamit

→ French: jam

→ Georgian: ჯემი (ǯemi)

→ Hindi: जाम (jām)

→ Japanese: ジャム (jamu)

→ Kazakh: джем (djem)

→ Korean: 잼 (jaem)

→ Kyrgyz: джем (djem)

→ Macedonian: џем (džem)

→ Malay: jem

→ Polish: dżem

→ Romanian: gem

→ Russian: джем (džem)

→ Saanich: ĆÁM

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Latin script: džȅm

Cyrillic script: џе̏м

→ Sinhalese: ජෑම් (jǣm)

→ Slovak: džem

→ Swahili: jemu

→ Swedish: jam

→ Tajik: джем (džem)

→ Thai: แยม (yɛɛm)

→ Ukrainian: джем (džem)

→ Urdu: جام (jām)

→ Welsh: jam

First attested in the early 18th c. as a verb meaning “to press, be pressed, be wedged in”. Compare dialectal jammock (“to press, squeeze, crush into a soft mass, chew food"; also "a soft, pulpy substance”). Perhaps from Middle English chammen, champen ("to bite upon something, gnash the teeth"; whence modern champ, chomp), of uncertain origin; probably originally onomatopoeic.

onomatopoeic

onomatopoeic

The pitcher's in a jam now, having walked the bases loaded with the cleanup hitter coming to bat.

(countable, baseball) A difficult situation for a pitcher or defending team.

(countable, basketball) A forceful dunk.

I used a whole series of fist and foot jams in that crack.

(climbing, countable) Any of several maneuvers requiring wedging of an extremity into a tight space.


jam

en-verb

jam (third-person singular simple present jams, present participle jamming, simple past and past participle jammed)

jams (present singular third-person)
jamming (participle present)
jammed (participle past)
jammed (past)

onomatopoeic

onomatopoeic

Jones was jammed by the pitch.

(baseball) To throw a pitch at or near the batter's hands.

syöttää käsiä päin

baseball: to throw a pitch at or near the batter's hands


goose-step

An intentionally disparaging alternative name for the "balance step" (German Stechschritt, "cut step") from a fancied resemblance to the waddling of geese.

(rugby) A deceptive step that breaks the normal flow of running and allows a player to accelerate and/or change direction quickly while simultaneously confusing the defender.


agricultural

en-adj

agricultural (comparative more agricultural, superlative most agricultural)

more agricultural (comparative)
most agricultural (superlative)

/ˌæɡɹɪˈkʌltjʊəɹəl/

/ˌæɡɹɪˈkʌlt͡ʃəɹəl/

(UK, euphemistic, sports) Clumsy or tactless.


allowance

en-noun

allowance (countable and uncountable, plural allowances)

→ Cebuano: alawans

→ Malay: élaun

From Middle English allouance, from Old French alouance.
Morphologically allow + -ance.

On the Flat, an apprentice jockey starts with an allowance of 7 lb.

(horse racing) A permitted reduction in the weight that a racehorse must carry.


advantage

advantage (countable and uncountable, plural advantages)

From Middle English avantage, avauntage, from Old French avantage, from avant (“before”), from Late Latin ab ante. The spelling with d was a mistake, a- being supposed to be from Latin ad (see advance). For sense development, compare foredeal.

(tennis) The score where one player wins a point after deuce but needs the next to carry the game.

avantazh

the score where one player wins a point after deuce

Webb played an advantage that enabled Cazorla to supply a low cross from the left for Giroud to sweep home first time, despite Gallas and Vertonghen being in close attendance.

2012 November 17, “Arsenal 5-2 Tottenham”, in BBC Sport:

(soccer) The continuation of the game after a foul against the attacking team, because the attacking team are in an advantageous position.


tape

tape (countable and uncountable, plural tapes)

→ Danish: tape

→ Dutch: tape

→ Hausa: têf

→ Hindi: टेप (ṭep)

→ Irish: téip

→ Japanese: テープ (tēpu)

→ Korean: 테이프 (teipeu)

→ Norwegian:

Bokmål: tape, teip

Nynorsk: tape, teip

→ Swahili: tepe, tepu

→ Swedish: tape, tejp

→ Thai: เทป (téep)

→ Tibetan: ཊེབ (ṭeb)

→ Turkish: teyp

→ Urdu:

→ Phalura: ṭeép

→ Welsh: tâp

From Middle English tape, tappe, from Old English tæppa, tæppe (“ribbon, tape”). Probably akin to Old Frisian tapia (“to pull, rip, tear”), Middle Low German tappen, tāpen (“to grab, pull, rip, tear, snatch”), Middle High German zāfen, zāven (“to pull, tear”).

cog

His pass was right on the tape.

(ice hockey) The wrapping of the primary puck-handling surface of a hockey stick


interval

From Middle English interval, intervalle, from Old French intervalle, entreval, from Latin intervallum (“space between, interval, distance, interval of time, pause, difference; literally, space between two palisades or walls”), from inter (“between”) + vallum (“palisade, wall”).

com

Spain made three substitutions at the interval, sending on former Arsenal captain Fabregas, Chelsea's Juan Mata and Liverpool keeper Pepe Reina for Xavi, David Silva and Casillas.

2011 November 12, “International friendly: England 1-0 Spain”, in BBC Sport:

(sports) half time, a scheduled intermission between the periods of play

(cricket) Either of the two breaks, at lunch and tea, between the three sessions of a day's play


tender

From tend + -er. Compare attender (“one who attends”).

tenderman

smaller boat used for transportation, naval ship that functions as a mobile base

Now, with scallop populations under pressure, Mr. Sewell is one of only about 30 active scallop divers left in his state. He and his tender, Jason Simmons, have harvested scallops together each winter and early spring for the past seven years. The rest of the year he catches bluefin tuna and dives for sea urchins.

2015 August 18, Christoph Gelfand, “’Diving for Scallops’”, in The New York Times, New York, N.Y.: The New York Times Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-12-25:

The first of two willful violations OSHA found were the diver and dive tender "performing dredging operations in a canal with zero-visibility, did not have the experience and training in the use of tools, equipment, systems, techniques, and emergency procedures which are required to perform these underwater tasks in a safe manner."

2022 October 19, David J. Neal, “Broward company 'ignored safety standards and a young worker has died,' OSHA says”, in Miami Herald, Miami, F.L.: McClatchy, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-06-22:

(diving) A member of a diving team who assists a diver during a dive but does not themselves go underwater.


table

→ Assamese: টেবুল (tebul)

→ Bengali: টেবিল (ṭebil)

→ Gujarati: ટેબલ (ṭebal)

→ Japanese: テーブル (tēburu)

→ Korean: 테이블 (teibeul)

→ Maori: tēpu

→ Nepali: टेबुल (ṭebul)

→ Odia: ଟେବଲ୍ (ṭebal)

→ Telugu: టేబులు (ṭēbulu)

From Middle English table, tabel, tabil, tabul, from Old English tabele, tabul, tablu, tabule, tabula (“board”); also as tæfl, tæfel, an early Germanic borrowing of Latin tabula (“tablet, board, plank, chart”). The sense of “piece of furniture” is from Old French table, of same Latin origin; Old English used bēod or bord instead for this meaning: see board. Doublet of tabula and tavla.

der

On this evidence they will certainly face tougher tests, as a depleted Newcastle side seemed to bask in the relative security of being ninth in the table.

2011 April 10, Alistair Magowan, “Aston Villa 1-0 Newcastle”, in BBC Sport:

(sports) A visual representation of a classification of teams or individuals based on their success over a predetermined period.


diamond

en-noun

diamond (countable and uncountable, plural diamonds)

From Middle English dyamaunt, from Old French diamant, from Late Latin diamas, from Latin adamas, from Ancient Greek ἀδάμας (adámas, “diamond”). Doublet of adamant. The printing sense is a calque of Dutch diamant, used by Dirck Voskens who first cut it around 1700; compare pearl, ruby (“size of type between pearl and nonpareil”).

der

Elphingston. Pearl a Chevron Diamond between three Boars Heads Eraz'd Ruby, arm'd of the first. / Eymouth. Diamond a Lyon Rampant Pearl, on a Canton of the 2d, a Cross Ruby.

1720, Francis Nichols, Rudiments of Honour, page 296:

The Field is Ruby, on a Bend Topaz, three Martlets Diamond. The Armes of the most Noble and Puissant Lord, Edward Brabazon, Earl of Meath, and Baron of Atherdee in the Kingdom of Ireland. His Lordship's Atchievements are Quarterly of sixteen Coats. 1. Brabazon, as above. 2. Diamond, on a Chevron between three Pickaxes Pearl, as many Mullets Ruby, by the Name of Mosley. 3. Saphire, ten Bezants, 4, 3, 2, 1, by the Bisset.

1726, John Guillim, The Banner Display'd; Or, an Abridgment of Guillim, page 504:

Pearl, an Eagle, Diamond, between three Crosses Patee, Ruby, for Morrys.

1754, John Lodge, The Peerage of Ireland; Or, a Genealogical History of the ..., page 71:

(heraldry) Sable, when blazoning by precious stones.

(baseball) The entire field of play used in the game.

The teams met on the diamond.

(baseball) The infield of a baseball field.


panoramic

/ˌpænəˈɹæmɪk/

Scenic panoramics were not the best sellers. All commercial panoramic photographers specialized in pictures of large groups.

2003, Robert Bogdan, Henry M. Beach, Adirondack vernacular: the photography of Henry M. Beach, page 35:


aid

en-noun

aid (countable and uncountable, plural aids)

From Middle English aide, eide, ayde, from Old French eide, aide, from aidier, from Latin adiūtō, adiūtāre (“to assist, help”). Cognates include Spanish ayuda, Portuguese ajuda and Italian aiuto.

aide

aide-de-camp; obsolete except in sense of

(countable, chiefly in the plural, horse racing) The rider's use of hands, legs, voice, etc. to control the horse.


aid

en-verb

aid (third-person singular simple present aids, present participle aiding, simple past and past participle aided)

aids (present singular third-person)
aiding (participle present)
aided (participle past)
aided (past)

From Middle English aiden, from Old French eider, aider, aidier, from Latin adiuto, frequentative of adiuvō (“assist”, verb).

Rather than climb into a bottomless off-width crack, we aided an 80-foot A2 to A3 crack to the top of a pedestal. By very tenuous face climbing, we gained entry to the crack, which we followed to a tree beneath the big chimney.

1979, American Alpine Journal, page 193:

(climbing) To climb with the use of aids such as pitons.


width

en-noun

width (countable and uncountable, plural widths)

→ Scots: width, wyth

PIE word
 *dwóh₁
From wide + -th, possibly by analogy with Old Norse vídd (“width”), though this is unlikely, as the word is not attested before the end of the 16th century and was historically unknown in Scots and the traditional dialect of Northern England, where one would expect Old Norse influence to be the strongest (these varieties traditionally employed wideness instead). Replaced Middle English wide, wyde (“width”).

(cricket) The horizontal distance between a batsman and the ball as it passes him.

Manchester United like to play with width.

England looked to put width on the ball after the restart, Armitage very nearly going over in the corner only for the video referee to decide his foot was in touch. But Armitage did get on the score-sheet five minutes later, Ben Foden straightening and putting the London Irish man in.

2011 September 18, Ben Dirs, “Rugby World Cup 2011: England 41-10 Georgia”, in BBC Sport:

(sports) The use of all the width of the pitch, from one side to the other.


alternate

From Latin alternō (“take turns”), from alternus (“one after another, by turns”), from alter (“other”) + -rnus. See altern, alter.

Goldschmidt (Austria; creation July 27, 1862): [...] party, argent and gules, an eagle of alternate colors, [...]

1925, The Jewish Encyclopedia: Chazars-Dreyfus Case, page 128:

Happening by turns; one following the other in succession of time or place; first one and then the other (repeatedly).

(heraldry) Alternating; (of e.g. a pair of tinctures which a charge is coloured) succeeding in turns, or (relative to the field) counterchanged.


frog

→ Esperanto: frogo

→ Hawaiian: poloka

→ Irish: frog

From Middle English frogge, from Old English frogga, from Proto-West Germanic *froggō (“frog”). Cognate with Norwegian Nynorsk fraug (“frog”), Old Norse frauki. Related also to English frosk (“frog”), frosh (“frog”), and frock (“frog”).
Possibly related to Saterland Frisian Poage (“frog”), German Low German Pogg, Pogge (“frog”).

`What you need are frogs,' said the veteran. `Fish them at night. There's nothing like them on big cork floats.'

1983, The Fisherman Who Laughed, page 40:

(fishing) A type of fishing lure that resembles a frog.


seed

seed (countable and uncountable, plural seeds)

From Middle English seed, sede, side, from Old English sēd, sǣd (“seed, that which is sown”), from Proto-West Germanic *sād, from Proto-Germanic *sēdą, from Proto-Indo-European *seh₁- (“to sow, throw”).
Cognate with West Frisian sied (“seed”), Dutch zaad (“seed”), Low German Saad (“seed”), German Saat (“sowing; seed”), Icelandic sæði (“seed”), Danish sæd (“seed”), Swedish säd (“seed”), Latin satiō (“seeding, time of sowing, season”). More at sow.

alkutilanne

initial state, condition or position of a process

The team with the best regular season record receives the top seed in the conference tournament.

(countable) The initial state, condition or position of a changing, growing or developing process; the ultimate precursor in a defined chain of precursors.

(sports) The initial position of a competitor or team in a tournament. (seed position)

tête de série

initial position of a competitor in a tournament


seed

en-verb

seed (third-person singular simple present seeds, present participle seeding, simple past and past participle seeded)

seeds (present singular third-person)
seeding (participle present)
seeded (participle past)
seeded (past)

Everybody likes to second‐guess computers, including who seed the pros. Nothing could have better exposed the vulnerability of the computer seeding than the spectacle of clay‐court experts looking like weekend hackers on grass.

1979 July 2, “Reflection on the Seedings Fills Pause at Wimbledon”, in The New York Times:

(sports, gaming) To allocate a seeding to a competitor.


pointer

From point + -er (agent noun suffix) or + -er (measurement suffix) (sense 10).

Most of the early wirehaired pointers represented a combination of Griffon, Stichelhaar, Pudelpointer, and German Shorthair. The Pudelpointer was a cross between a Poodle dog and an English Pointer bitch; the Griffon and the Stichelhaar were composed of Pointer, Foxhound, Pudelpointer, and a Polish water dog.

2007, American Kennel Club, The Complete Dog Book, Ballantine Books, →ISBN, page 30:

(hunting) A breed of hunting dog, trained to point out game.


spot

→ Catalan: espot

From Middle English spot, spotte, partially from Middle Dutch spotte (“spot, speck”), and partially merging with Middle English splot, from Old English splott (“spot, plot of land”), from Proto-West Germanic *splott, from Proto-Germanic *spluttaz (“segment”), from Proto-Indo-European *splt-no- (“an off-split, segment”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)pel- (“to split”). Cognate with North Frisian spot (“speck, piece of ground”), Low German spot (“speck”), Old Norse spotti (“small piece”). See also splot, splotch.

cog

The fans were very unhappy with the referee's spot of the ball.

(sports) An official determination of placement.

(gymnastics, dance, weightlifting) One who spots (supports or assists a maneuver, or is prepared to assist if safety dictates); a spotter.

The Gunners dominated for long periods but, against the run of play, Denilson fouled Max Gradel and Robert Snodgrass put Leeds ahead from the spot.

2011 January 8, Chris Bevan, “Arsenal 1 - 1 Leeds”, in BBC:


spot

en-verb

spot (third-person singular simple present spots, present participle spotting, simple past and past participle spotted)

spots (present singular third-person)
spotting (participle present)
spotted (participle past)
spotted (past)

I can’t do a back handspring unless somebody spots me.

There had not been time to build handrails, so lines of women spotted the sides of the ramp.

1989 April 15, Angela Bowen, “Towards a National Lesbian Conference”, in Gay Community News, page 2:

(transitive, gymnastics, dance, weightlifting, climbing) To support or assist a maneuver, or to be prepared to assist if safety dictates.

Most figure skaters do not spot their turns like dancers do.

(transitive, dance) To keep the head and eyes pointing in a single direction while turning.

The referee had to spot the pink on the blue spot.

(transitive, chiefly snooker and billiards) To place an object at a location indicated by a spot.


worm

From Middle English worm, werm, wurm, wirm, from Old English wyrm (“worm, snake”), from Proto-Germanic *wurmiz, from Proto-Indo-European *wr̥mis, possibly from *wer- (“to turn”). Doublet of vermin and wyrm, the latter of which is a fairly recent borrowing directly from the Old English.
(computing): First computer usage by John Brunner in his 1975 book The Shockwave Rider.
cognates
Germanic cognates include Dutch worm, West Frisian wjirm, German Wurm, Swedish orm (“snake”), Norwegian Nynorsk orm (“earthworm or snake”), Danish orm and Yiddish וואָרעם (vorem).
Indo-European cognates include Latin vermis (“worm”), Lithuanian var̃mas (“insect, midge”), Albanian rrime (“rainworm”), Ancient Greek ῥόμος (rhómos, “woodworm”).

шнек

something helical, especially the thread of a screw

(cricket) A graphical representation of the total runs scored across a number of overs.


trap

(slang, bodybuilding, anatomy) The trapezius muscle.


leaf

en-noun

leaf (countable and uncountable, plural leaves)

Tok Pisin: lip

From Middle English leef, from Old English lēaf, from Proto-West Germanic *laub, from Proto-Germanic *laubą (“leaf”), from Proto-Indo-European *lowbʰ-o-m, from *lewbʰ- (“leaf, rind”)
See also West Frisian leaf, Low German Loov, Dutch loof, German Laub, Danish løv, Swedish löv, Norwegian Nynorsk lauv, Icelandic lauf; also Irish luibh (“herb”), Latin liber (“bast; book”), Lithuanian lúoba (“bark”), Albanian labë (“rind”), Latvian luba (“plank, board”), Russian луб (lub, “bast”).
(Internet slang: Canadian): In reference to the maple leaf as national symbol.

flat-leaf parsley

Petroselinum crispum neapolitanum group; syn. Petroselinum crispum var. neapolitanum

Heretofore advertisers have had to buy and pay for a leaf — two pages.

1900, Profitable Advertising, volume 10, number 2, page 893:

(publishing, bookbinding, advertising) A sheet of a book, magazine, etc (consisting of two pages, one on each face of the leaf).


treble

PIE word
 *tréyes
From Middle English treble, from Old French treble, from Latin triplus. Doublet of triple.

As for City, a domestic treble is off the cards and they must haul themselves off the floor quickly with the second leg of their last-16 Champions League tie against Barcelona on Wednesday.

2014 March 9, Jacob Steinberg, “Wigan shock Manchester City in FA Cup again to reach semi-finals”, in The Guardian:

(sports) Three goals, victories, awards etc. in a given match or season.

(soccer) A win in the top league, top national cup and top continental cup in the same season.


stale

From Middle English stale (“bird used as a decoy”), probably from uncommon Anglo-Norman estale (“pigeon used to lure hawks”), ultimately from Proto-Germanic, probably *standaną (“to stand”). Compare Old English stælhran (“decoy reindeer”) and Northumbrian stællo (“catching fish”).

der

Like vnto the fowlers, that by their stales draw other birdes into their nets.

1579, Thomas North, “Sylla”, in Lives of the Noble Grecians and Romans, section 515:

A wife thats more then faire is like a stale, Or chanting whistle which brings birds to thrall.

1608, Ludovico Ariosto, translated by R. Tofte, Satyres, IV 56:

(falconry, hunting, obsolete) A live bird to lure birds of prey or others of its kind into a trap.

'Tis the living bird that makes the best stale to draw others into the net.

1681, J. Flavell, Method of Grace, XXXV 588:

If my live birds aren't all drownded and my stales spoiled.

1888, G. M. Fenn, Dick o' the Fens, section 53:

(hunting, obsolete) Any decoy, either stuffed or manufactured.


ambassador

/æmˈbæs.əˌdɔɹ/

From Middle English ambassadore, from Anglo-Norman ambassadeur, from Old Italian ambassadore, from Old Occitan ambaisador (“ambassador”), derivative of ambaissa (“service, mission, errand”), from Medieval Latin ambasiator, from Gothic 𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌱𐌰𐌷𐍄𐌹 (andbahti, “service, function”), from Proto-Germanic *ambahtiją (“service, office”), derivative of Proto-Germanic *ambahtaz (“servant”), from Gaulish ambaxtos, from Proto-Celtic *ambaxtos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂m̥bʰi-h₂eǵ- (“drive around”), from *h₂m̥bʰi- (“around”) + *h₂eǵ- (“to drive”).
Displaced native Old English ǣrendraca.

(sports) A player who is an excellent role-model and who upholds the integrity of the game and thereby contributes to the sport's popularity and growth.


walk

en-verb

walk (third-person singular simple present walks, present participle walking, simple past and past participle walked)

walks (present singular third-person)
walking (participle present)
walked (participle past)
walked (past)
walk (infinitive)

Chinese Pidgin English: walkee

From Middle English walken (“to move, walk, roll, turn, revolve, toss”), a conflation of Old English wealcan (“to move round, revolve, roll, turn, toss”) (ġewealcan (“to go, traverse”)) and Old English wealcian (“to curl, roll up”); both from Proto-West Germanic *walkan, from Proto-Germanic *walkaną, *walkōną (“to twist, turn, roll about, full”), from Proto-Indo-European *walg- (“to twist, turn, move”).
Cognate with Scots walk (“to walk”), Saterland Frisian walkje (“to full; drum; flex; mill”), West Frisian swalkje (“to wander, roam”), Dutch walken (“to full, work hair or felt”), Dutch zwalken (“to wander about”), German walken (“to flex, full, mill, drum”), Danish valke (“to waulk, full”), Latin valgus (“bandy-legged, bow-legged”), Sanskrit वल्गति (valgati, “amble, bound, leap, dance”). More at vagrant and whelk. Doublet of waulk.

cog

(intransitive, cricket, of a batsman) To walk off the field, as if given out, after the fielding side appeals and before the umpire has ruled; done as a matter of sportsmanship when the batsman believes he is out.

(transitive, baseball) To allow a batter to reach base by pitching four balls.

aya

baseball: to allow to advance after four balls

(intransitive, baseball, of a batter) To reach base by being pitched four balls.


walk

From Middle English walk, walke, walc, from Old English *wealc (as in Old English wealcspinl) and ġewealc (“a rolling motion, attack”), from Proto-Germanic *walką. Cognate with Icelandic válk (“a rolling around, a tossing to and fro, trouble, distress”).

(sports) An Olympic Games track event requiring that the heel of the leading foot touch the ground before the toe of the trailing foot leaves the ground.

The pitcher now has two walks in this inning alone.

(baseball) An award of first base to a batter following four balls being thrown by the pitcher; known in the rules as a "base on balls".


bab

The worms were threaded onto the yarn until we had 4 or 5 feet of big juicy worms threaded through. We would coil it all up and put an old rusty nut at the centre and tie it on a bit of string on an old ash pole — this was the bab.

2006 February 1, John Meiklejohn, “Babbing for eels”, in BBC - WW2 People's War:

(fishing, East Anglia) A bait for eels, consisting of a bundle of live worms.


bab

en-verb

bab (third-person singular simple present babs, present participle babbing, simple past and past participle babbed)

babs (present singular third-person)
babbing (participle present)
babbed (participle past)
babbed (past)

The babbers follow the eels, and you may see fifteen boats as close together as possible, babbing away, and catching as much as four stone-weight of eels per boat of a night.

1884, George Christopher Davies, Norfolk Broads and Rivers, W. Blackwood and sons, page 244:

Sometimes we trolled or set liggers for pike, we seldom babbed for eels, it was such a slimy job.

1948, William Guy, Mostly Memories: Some Digressions, C. J. Cousland, page 24:

Another classic example was babbing for eels; he would come along and say — ‘Goodnight for babbing, make you some babs’.

(intransitive, fishing, East Anglia) To fish for eels using a bab.


barn

From Middle English barn, bern, bærn, from Old English bearn, bern, contracted forms of Old English berern, bereærn (“barn, granary”), compound of bere (“barley”) and ærn, ræn (“dwelling, barn”), from Proto-West Germanic *raʀn, from Proto-Germanic *razną (compare Old Norse rann), from pre-Germanic *h₁rh̥₁-s-nó-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁erh₁- (“to rest”).
More at rest and barley.
For the use as a unit of surface area, see w:Barn (unit) § Etymology.

der

close the barn door after the horse has bolted

not be able to hit the broad side of a barn

Maple Leaf Gardens was a grand old barn.

(informal, basketball, ice hockey) An arena.


carte

en-noun

carte (countable and uncountable, plural cartes)


top

top (countable and uncountable, plural tops)

From Middle English top, toppe, from Old English top (“top, highest part; summit; crest; tassel, tuft; (spinning) top, ball; a tuft or ball at the highest point of anything”), from Proto-West Germanic *topp, from Proto-Germanic *tuppaz (“braid, pigtail, end”), of unknown ultimate origin.
Cognate with Scots tap (“top”), North Frisian top, tap, tup (“top”), Saterland Frisian Top (“top”), West Frisian top (“top”), Dutch top (“top, summit, peak”), Low German Topp (“top”), German Zopf (“braid, pigtail, plait, top”), Swedish topp (“top, peak, summit, tip”), Icelandic toppur (“top”).
The sense of a spinning toy is separated from this, obscurely related to Dutch top and dop in this sense, against Standard Dutch tol, and French toupie having this sense.

頂上

chōjō, ちょうじょう

suprulo

BDSM: dominant partner in a BDSM relationship or roleplay

主動

gay sexual slang: gay man who likes to penetrate in sex

one's elevator doesn't go all the way to the top

The highest or uppermost part of something.

(baseball) The first half of an inning, during which the home team fields and the visiting team bats.

(ropemaking) A plug or conical block of wood with longitudinal grooves on its surface, in which the strands of the rope slide in the process of twisting.

(golf, cue sports, racquet sports) A stroke on the top of the ball.

What is wanted is just the reverse - i.e top or overspin, which causes the ball to revolve in the direction in which it is going.

1886, E.T.Sachs, The Boys Own Annual: Lawn-Tennis of the Present, volume 9, page 778:

(golf, cue sports, racquet sports) A forward spin given to the ball by hitting it on or near the top; topspin.


top

en-verb

top (third-person singular simple present tops, present participle topping, simple past and past participle topped)

tops (present singular third-person)
topping (participle present)
topped (participle past)
topped (past)

(golf) To strike (the ball) above the centre; also, to make (a stroke, etc.) by hitting the ball in this way.


hurry

en-noun

hurry (countable and uncountable, plural hurries)

From Middle English horien (“to rush, impel”), probably a variation of hurren (“to vibrate rapidly, buzz”), from Proto-Germanic *hurzaną (“to rush”) (compare Middle High German hurren (“to hasten”), Norwegian hurre (“to whirl around”)), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱers- (“to run”) (compare Latin currō (“I run”), Tocharian A kursär/Tocharian B kwarsär (“league; course”)). Related to hurr, horse, rush.
Alternative etymology derives hurry as a variant of harry, which see.

inh

At Alabama, Jedrick Wills Jr. anchored the right side of the offensive line for two years, allowing only one sack and three-and-a-half quarterback hurries on 714 snaps last season.

2020 April 24, Ken Belson, Ben Shpigel, “Full Round 1 2020 N.F.L. Picks and Analysis”, in New York Time:

(American football) an incidence of a defensive player forcing the quarterback to act faster than the quarterback was prepared to, resulting in a failed offensive play.

press

American football: incidence of a defensive player forcing the quarterback to act faster than the quarterback was prepared to


rip

en-verb

rip (third-person singular simple present rips, present participle ripping, simple past and past participle ripped)

rips (present singular third-person)
ripping (participle present)
ripped (participle past)
ripped (past)

From Middle English rippen, from earlier ryppen (“to pluck”), ultimately from Proto-Germanic *rupjaną, *ruppōną (compare West Frisian rippe, ripje, roppe, ropje (“to rip”), Dutch dialectal rippen, Low German ruppen, German Low German röpen, German rupfen), intensive of *raupijaną (compare Old English rīpan, rīepan (“to plunder”), West Frisian rippe (“to rip, tear”), German raufen (“to rip”)), causative of Proto-Indo-European *roub- ~ *reub- (compare Albanian rrabe ‘maquis’, possibly Latin rubus (“bramble”)), variant of *Hrewp- (“to break”). More at reave, rob.

Coordinate term: crosscut

(woodworking) To cut wood along (parallel to) the grain.

halkaista

woodworking: to cut wood along the grain

(intransitive, surfing, slang) To surf extremely well.


goalkeeper

Krohn-Dehli took advantage of a lucky bounce of the ball after a battling run on the left flank by Simon Poulsen, dummied two defenders and shot low through goalkeeper Maarten Stekelenburg's legs after 24 minutes.

2012 June 9, Owen Phillips, “Euro 2012: Netherlands 0-1 Denmark”, in BBC Sport:

Handball is a team sport in which two teams of seven players each (six outcourt players and a goalkeeper) pass a ball using their hands with the aim of throwing it into the goal of the other team.

2018, Ace Banking And Static Awareness, page 273:

(sports) A designated player that attempts to prevent the opposing team from scoring by protecting a goal.

guardameta

journalistic and sports commentators usage


chip

→ Catalan: xip

→ Greek: τσιπ (tsip)

→ Italian: chip

→ Korean: 칩 (chip)

desc

→ Hebrew: צִ׳יפְּס, צִ׳יפּ

→ Hebrew: צִ׳יפְּס, צִ׳יפּ (chips, chip)

→ Hungarian: csip, csipsz

→ Turkish: cips, çip

→ Yiddish: טשיפּל (tshipl)

→ Welsh: tsip

Noun from Middle English chip, chippe, from Old English ċipp (“chip; small piece of wood, shaving”), from Old English *ċippian (“to cut; hew”) – attested in Old English forċippian (“to cut off”) –, from Proto-West Germanic *kippōn (“to cut; carve; hack; chop”), from Proto-Germanic *kippōną (“to chip, chop”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵeyb- (“to split; divide; germinate; sprout”). Related to Dutch kip, keep (“notch; nick; score”), Dutch kippen (“to hatch”), German Low German kippen (“to cut; clip; trim; shorten”), German kipfen (“to chop off the tip; snip”), Old Swedish kippa (“to chop”). Compare also chop.
The formally similar Old English ċipp, ċypp, ċyp (“a beam; log; stock; post”), from Proto-Germanic *kippaz (“log; beam”) (whence Old Saxon kip (“post”), Old High German kipfa, chipfa (“axle, stave”), Old Norse keppr (“cudgel, club”)) is a different, unrelated word either borrowed from Latin cippus (“stake; pale; post”) or borrowed from the same source language as the Latin.
Verb from Middle English chippen, from Old English *ċippian (“to cut; hew”) – attested in Old English forċippian (“to cut off”) – see above.

cog

(tennis) A light shot with a downward slice, usually played from close to the net.

(golf) A low shot, usually played at short range around and onto a green, intended to travel a short distance through the air and roll the remainder of the way towards the hole.

(curling) A takeout that hits a rock at an angle.

A type of shot in various sports.
A takeout that hits a rock at an angle.


chip

en-verb

chip (third-person singular simple present chips, present participle chipping, simple past and past participle chipped)

chips (present singular third-person)
chipping (participle present)
chipped (participle past)
chipped (past)

chipata

to play a shot hitting the ball predominantly upwards

Koeman identified Southampton’s third as their finest goal of the game. Jack Cork, the most underrated player at a much-lauded club, swept the ball out wide to Tadic, who waited for Cork to run to the back post before chipping the ball across to him to slam in a deserved goal from close range, despite an attempted block by Vito Mannone.

2014 October 18, Paul Doyle, “Southampton hammer eight past hapless Sunderland in barmy encounter”, in The Guardian:

(transitive, sports) To strike or play (the ball or other implement) as a chip shot.


escape

From Middle English escapen, from Anglo-Norman and Old Northern French escaper ( = Old French eschaper, modern French échapper), from Vulgar Latin *excappāre, literally "get out of one's cape, leave a pursuer with just one's cape," from Latin ex- (“out”) + Late Latin cappa (“cape, cloak”). Cognate with escapade.

(snooker) A successful shot from a snooker position.


cup

→ Farefare: kɔpɩ

→ Hebrew: קאפ (kap)

→ Japanese: カップ (kappu)

desc

→ Kashubian: kopsa (Canada, United States)

→ Korean: 컵 (keop)

→ Maori: kapu

From Middle English cuppe, coppe, from the merger of Old English cuppe (“cup”) and Old English copp (“cup, vessel”).
Old English cuppe is a borrowing from Late Latin cuppa, itself of obscure origin, but probably from earlier Latin cūpa (“tub, cask”), from Proto-Indo-European *kewp- (“a hollow”). Old English copp, however, is from Proto-West Germanic *kopp (“round object, bowl, vessel, knoll, summit, crown of the head”), from Proto-Germanic *kuppaz, from Proto-Indo-European *gew- (“to bend, curve, arch”) (whence also obsolete English cop (“top, summit, crown of the head”), German Kopf (“top, head”)).
The Middle English word was further reinforced by Anglo-Norman cupe and Old French cope, coupe, from Latin cuppa. Compare also Saterland Frisian Kop (“cup”), West Frisian kop (“cup”), Dutch kop (“cup”), German Low German Koppke, Köppke (“cup”), Danish kop (“cup”), Swedish kopp (“cup”). Doublet of coupe, hive, and keeve.

unk

obscure

cog

that and a dollar will get you a cup of coffee

that and a nickel will buy you a cup of coffee

that and twenty-five cents will get you a cup of coffee

there's many a slip between the cup and the lip

there's many a slip twixt the cup and the lip

Until it was disbanded in 1999, the European Cup-Winners Cup was contested annually by the winners of Europe's national cups.

2002, Rob Dimery, Peter Watts, Guinness world records, Gullane Children's Books, →ISBN:

Wallace had the unique distinction of being the only player ever to play in the English, Welsh and Scottish Cups in the same season.

2011, Michael Grant, Rob Robertson, The Management: Scotland's Great Football Bosses, Birlinn, →ISBN:

One week earlier, they had lost 5-2 to Borussia Dortmund in the DFB-Pokal [the German cup] final in Berlin.

2014, Martí Perarnau, Pep Confidential: Inside Pep Guardiola's First Season at Bayern Munich, Birlinn, →ISBN:

(soccer) The main knockout tournament in a country, organised alongside the league.

The ball just misses the cup.

(golf) A cup-shaped object placed in the target hole.

cassoleta

golf: cup-shaped object placed in the target hole


aperture

/ˈæp.ɚˌt͡ʃʊɹ/

/ˈæp.ɚ.t͡ʃɚ/

/ˈæp.ɚˌtjʊɹ/

-æpə(ɹ)tʃʊə(ɹ)

From late Middle English, from Latin apertūra (“an opening”), from aperiō (“to uncover, make or lay bare”) + -tūra (“-ure”, action noun suffix). Doublet of overture.

stralingsvlak

hole restricting the diameter of the lightpath through one plane

апертура

refers to the opening itself, not to the device

This telescope has a 100 cm aperture.

(optics) A hole which restricts the diameter of the lightpath through one plane in an optical system.

(astronomy, photography) The diameter of such a hole which restricts the width of the lightpath through the whole system. For a telescope, this is the diameter of the objective lens.


wallpaper

en-noun

wallpaper (countable and uncountable, plural wallpapers)

(philately, informal) Gaudy mass-produced stamps, typically of little or no value and only produced for sale to collectors.


skinny

en-adj

skinny (comparative skinnier, superlative skinniest)

skinnier (comparative)
skinniest (superlative)

From Middle English skinny (“resembling skin”), equivalent to skin + -y. The meaning associated with lack of fat or muscle possibly derives from the phrase skin and bones; the meaning associated with nudity refers to the exposed skin.

inh

(golf) Synonym of thin (“type of shot where the ball is struck by the bottom part of the club head”)


CCD

en-noun

CCD (countable and uncountable, plural CCDs)

Charge-coupled device
Colony Collapse Disorder


AFC

American Football Conference
w:American Football Conference

(American football) Initialism of American Football Conference.

Asian Football Confederation
w:Asian Football Confederation

(soccer) Initialism of Asian Football Confederation.

Arsenal Football Club
w:Arsenal Football Club

(soccer) Initialism of Arsenal Football Club.


AFC

AFC (countable and uncountable, plural AFCs)

Association Football Club
w:Association Football Club

(soccer) Initialism of Association Football Club.


RF

RF (countable and uncountable, plural RFs)

(photography) Initialism of range finder.

(baseball) Initialism of right field or right fielder.

(optics, imaging, photography) Abbreviation of radiance field.


inning

→ Japanese: イニング (iningu)

Back-formation from innings, mistaken to be plural of the time period, not the entries of the batters/batsmen.

It is a baseball tradition to sing "Take Me Out To the Ball Game" during the seventh inning stretch.

(baseball) A period of play in which members of a visiting baseball team attempt to hit a baseball pitched by the opposing home team until three players are called out, followed by a similar attempt by members of the home baseball team against the visiting team's pitching. There are nine or more innings in a regulation baseball game.

We batted around in our half of the inning.

(billiards) A player (or team)'s turn at the table to make shots until ended by a miss or a foul.


candlestick

Sranan Tongo: kandratiki

From Middle English candelstik, candelstikke, from Old English candelsticca (“candlestick”), equivalent to candle + stick. Cognate with Scots candilsteke, candilstik (“candlestick”). Compare Old Norse kertastika, kertistika (“candlestick”).

inh

(gymnastics) A gymnastics move in which the legs are pointed vertically upward.


piste

They were skiing on the piste.

(fencing) The field of play of a fencing match.

planš

(fencing) the field of play of a fencing match


spear

From Middle English spere, sperre, spear, from Old English spere, from Proto-West Germanic *speru, from Proto-Germanic *speru, from Proto-Indo-European *sperH-.
Cognates
See also West Frisian spear, Dutch speer, German Speer, Old Norse spjǫr, *sparrô, Middle Dutch sparre (“rafter”), Old Norse sparri (“spar, rafter”), sperra (“rafter, beam”); also Latin sparus (“short spear”), Albanian ferrë (“thorn, thornbush”).

(ice hockey) An illegal maneuver using the end of a hockey stick to strike into another hockey player.

professional wrestling
professional wrestling

(wrestling) In professional wrestling, a running tackle in which the wrestler's shoulder is driven into the opponent's midsection.


rubber

en-noun

rubber (usually uncountable, plural rubbers)

desc

→ Kashubian: roberk (Canada, United State)

→ Sikaiana: lapa

From rub + -er.
The sense of the substance comes from its ability to function as an eraser, displacing earlier caoutchouc. The senses not having to do with rubbing or erasing are secondarily derived from the name of the substance.

Jones toes the rubber and then fires to the plate.

(countable, baseball) The rectangular pad on the pitcher's mound from which the pitcher must pitch.


rubber

They played, and Creed and his young partner won the first rubber, winning the two first games running.

1828, Robert Huish, The Red Barn: A Tale, Founded on Fact, page 83:

[…] an old lady's innocent rubber.

1907 May 25, in The Publishers' Weekly, number 1843, page 1608 http://books.google.com/books?id=ZCADAAAAYAAJ&dq=%22her%20grand-aunt%22&pg=PA1608#v=onepage&q=%22her%20grand-aunt%22&f=false

(sports) In relation to a series of games or matches between two competitors where the overall winner of the series is the competitor which wins a majority of the individual games or matches:

The entire series, of an odd number of games or matches in which ties are impossible (especially a series of three games in bridge or whist).

Ladies matches shall consist of 6 rubbers. Each rubber shall consist of best of 3 games to 21 points.

2013 Cradley Heath Badminton League Rules as at 2013/2014

Montreal’s Francoise Abanda lost the first rubber of the tie 6-2, 6-4 to Karolina Pliskova on Saturday

2015 February 7, “Canada trails Czech Republic 2-0 in Fed Cup tie after singles losses”, in The Globe and Mail, Toronto:

An individual match within the series (especially in racquet sports).

(sports, Canada, US) A rubber match; a game or match played to break a tie.


softball

en-noun

softball (countable and uncountable, plural softballs)

→ Finnish: softball

desc

French: → softball, → balle molle (calque)

→ Portuguese: softball

→ Spanish: softball

This will give you someone with whom you can trade softball complaints, which any veteran game-goer will tell you is the key to a good time.

1996, Andrew Heller, Come Heller High Water, →ISBN, page 55:

(sports) A game similar to baseball but played with a larger and softer ball which can be thrown overhand or underhand.

(sports) The ball used to play the sport.


strap

en-noun

strap (countable and uncountable, plural straps)

→ Japanese: ストラップ (sutorappu)

From a variant of earlier strope (“loop on a harness”), from Middle English strope, stropp, from Late Old English strop, stropp (“a band, thong, strap; oar-thong”) and Old French estrope (“strap, loop on a harness”), both from Latin stroppus, struppus (“strap”), from Ancient Greek στρόφος (stróphos, “rope”) (compare strophe), from στρέφω (stréphō, “to twist”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *strebʰ- (compare Proto-West Germanic *stroppōn (“to twist, writhe”)). Cognate with Scots strap, strop (“strap, band, thong”), Dutch strop (“noose, strop, loop”), Low German Strop (“strap”), German Struppe, Strüppe, Strippe (“string, cord”), Danish strop (“strap”), Swedish stropp (“strap, loop”).

ремък

a long, narrow, pliable strip of leather, cloth, or the like

ивица

a narrow strip of anything, as of iron or brass

David Arquette was given the belt because he's a celebrity. Period. I wasn't that upset about it because even the on-air product treated it as laughable. It was a "fluke" that Arquette managed to grab the strap, and he held it for less than a week. But there was no point in it....that I do agree with.

2001 January 31, Greg Stinson, “WWF fans actually know the WWF sucks”, in rec.sport.pro-wrestling (Usenet), message-ID <KTUd6.209692$iy3.50200104@news1.rdc1.tn.home.com>:

During 2002, Triple H began this run of title defences of the Big Gold Belt. He'd basically been given the strap earlier in the month and there was a feeling he didn't deserve it.

2015, Arnold Furious, “Unforgiven 2002”, in The Complete WWE Guide Volume #6, →ISBN, page 60:

When people like me were deserting the WWE during the championship reign of JBL, "The Wrestling God", Vince didn't take the strap off of him. He's certainly not going to do anything because of this little piffle.

2017 April 11, Jason Todd!!!, “if multiple people are coming forth saying jbl harassed them, why doesn't vince fire his ass?”, in rec.sport.pro-wrestling (Usenet), message-ID <5ad20526-36c9-4dac-89ba-df011e3d48f9@googlegroups.com>:

(slang, professional wrestling, with "the") A championship belt, or by extension, the title.


pepper

en-noun

pepper (countable and uncountable, plural peppers)

Tok Pisin: pepa

→ Hawaiian: pepa

→ Marshallese: pepa

From Middle English peper, piper, from Old English piper, from Proto-West Germanic *pipar, from Latin piper, from an Indo-Aryan source; compare Sanskrit पिप्पलि (pippali, “long pepper”). The name was given to the capsicum fruit because of its unusual spicy taste, not unlike the Old World spice. Cognate with Scots pepar, Saterland Frisian Pieper, West Frisian piper, Dutch peper, German Low German Peper, German Pfeffer, Danish peber, Swedish peppar, Icelandic pipar. Doublet of falafel and peepul.

cog

Some ballparks have signs saying "No pepper games".

(baseball) A game used by baseball players to warm up where fielders standing close to a batter rapidly return the batted ball to be hit again

He means to snatch the laurels from his brow, / At all his boasted pluck and prowess smile, / And give him pepper in superior style.

1906, Henry Downes Miles, Pugilistica, page 61:

[T]he Chicken had been tapped, and bunged, and had received pepper, and had been made groggy, and had come up piping, and had endured a complication of similar strange inconveniences, until he had been gone into and finished.

1846 October 1 – 1848 April 1, Charles Dickens, Dombey and Son, London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1848, →OCLC:


tow

en-verb

tow (third-person singular simple present tows, present participle towing, simple past and past participle towed)

tows (present singular third-person)
towing (participle present)
towed (participle past)
towed (past)

→ Welsh: towio

From Middle English towen, from Old English togian, from Proto-West Germanic *togōn, from Proto-Germanic *tugōną, from Proto-Indo-European *dewk-.
See also Middle High German zogen, German ziehen, Dutch tijgen, Old Norse toga.

(running, cycling, motor racing, etc.) To aid someone behind by shielding them from wind resistance.


tow

On Saturday, Vettel was very unhappy with Leclerc's failure to work out a way through the traffic and give him a tow for the second runs in qualifying, as had been agreed.

2019 September 8, Andrew Benson, BBC Sport:

(motor racing) A speed increase given by driving in front of another car on a straight, which causes a slipstream for the car behind.


bubble position

en-noun

bubble position (plural bubble positions)

Smith is in the bubble position, having barely beaten out Jones for the last spot.

(motor racing) The bottom qualifying position in a race, on the outside of the last row at the starting line.


bubble team

The Knights are everybody's favorite bubble team this year.

(sports) A team on the bubble for an upcoming tournament.


qualifying position

qualifying position (plural qualifying positions)

(motor racing) The position given at the start of a race, ranked from most favorable to least favorable, awarded according to the times achieved during qualification.

poziție de calificare

in auto racing: the position given at the start of a race


WC

→ Czech: WC

→ Dutch: wc

→ Estonian: veetsee, vets

→ Finnish: WC, vessa

→ French: WC

→ German: WC

→ Hungarian: WC

→ Polish: WC, wuce

→ Portuguese: WC

→ Romanian: WC, veceu

→ Serbo-Croatian: WC, vece

(sports) Abbreviation of world championship.


on the bubble

US, late 20th century, from Indiana motor racing.

Smith was on the bubble but lost out when Jones was faster by a tenth of a second.

(motor racing) Holding the last qualifying position with qualification still in progress, and thus liable to lose that position.

The Knights had been on the bubble for the tournament, but played their way in by winning their last five games.

Most players play pretty loose on the bubble, much looser than they theoretically should, and even if I saw an opponent sitting out a few hands, it's more likely that he just hit a run of low cards than that he turned into a locksmith at this stage.

2006, Dan Harrington, Bill Robertie, Harrington on Hold 'Em::

Lewis and Marc Luttrell are on the bubble because they have yet to make the timed run in Third Phase, but they make this one.

2009, Dick Couch, The Warrior Elite: The Forging of SEAL Class, page 228:

(sports) Having qualification for an event depend on the upcoming performances of other competitors; hence, at risk of being eliminated, and reversely, being close to qualification; on the verge.


pole position

pole position (countable and uncountable, plural pole positions)

See pole position § Origin on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

pedia

Smith once again enjoys the pole position.

(motor racing) The top qualifying position for a race, on the inside of the front row at the starting line.


centurion

Borrowed from Latin centuriō, centuriōnis, from centum (“a hundred”).

(cricket) A player who scores a century.


ancient

[…] diſcarded, vniuſt ſeruingmen, yonger ſonnes to yonger brothers, reuolted tapſters, and Oſtlers, tradefalne, the cankers of a calme world, and a long peace, ten times more diſhonourable ragged then an olde fazd ancient, […]

c. 1597 (date written), [William Shakespeare], The History of Henrie the Fourth; […], quarto edition, London: […] P[eter] S[hort] for Andrew Wise, […], published 1598, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene ii]:

I got all things ready as he had directed, and waited the next morning with the boat washed clean, her ancient and pendants out, and everything to accommodate his guests..

1719 May 6 (Gregorian calendar), [Daniel Defoe], The Life and Strange Surprizing Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, […], London: […] W[illiam] Taylor […], →OCLC:

(heraldry, archaic) A flag, banner, standard or ensign.


nerf

en-verb

nerf (third-person singular simple present nerfs, present participle nerfing, simple past and past participle nerfed)

nerfs (present singular third-person)
nerfing (participle present)
nerfed (participle past)
nerfed (past)

A racer will often nerf another as a psychological tactic.

"The crazy fool!" Ricky exclaimed. "Nerfing me!"

1953, Henry Gregor Felsen, Street Rod, Random House, page 129:

(motor racing, transitive) To bump lightly, whether accidentally or purposefully.


shark

From German Schurke (“scoundrel”); compare Dutch schurk.

shock (non-rhotic, father-bother merger)

(sports and games) A person who feigns ineptitude to win money from others.

hustler

player who feigns ineptitude to win money


major league

en-adj

major league (comparative more major league, superlative most major league)

more major league (comparative)
most major league (superlative)

(sports) Of or pertaining to a major sports league; belonging to the professional level of a sport, such as US baseball.


manage

From Early Modern English manage, menage, from Middle English *manage, *menage, from Old French manege (“the handling or training of a horse, horsemanship, riding, maneuvers, proceedings”), probably from Old Italian maneggiare (“to handle, manage, touch, treat”), ultimately from Latin manus (“the hand”); see manual.

der

You must draw [the horse] in his career with his manage, and turn, doing the corvetto, leaping &c..

1622, Henry Peacham (Jr.), The Compleat Gentleman:


driving

en-noun

driving (countable and uncountable, plural drivings)

From Middle English driving, drivinge, equivalent to drive + -ing. Compare Dutch drijving, German Treibung.

Heigh-ho! Sing heigh-ho! my Golf is most shocking; My driving is topping, my caddie's still mocking.

1899, L.P., “Blow, Blow, Thou Winter Wind”, in Golf Illustrated, volume 2, page 233:

Ever since I started talking to myself with this new attitude toward my driving and my performance on the first tee and the first few holes, I have experienced consistently better performance with my driver.

2003, Daniel Stewart Acuff, Golf Talk, page 57:

There is no such being as a golfer uninterested in his driving.

2012, Jeff Silverman, Classic Golf Stories: 26 Incredible Tales from the Links:

(golf) The act of driving the ball; hitting the ball a long distance, especially from the tee to the putting green.


pennant

From Middle English penon, penoun, pynoun, Old French penon, French pennon, from Latin penna (“feather”). See pen (“a feather”), and compare pennon, pinion.

вимпел

flag on ship to represent special condition

The New York Yankees have won the American League pennant far more often than any other team.

(sports) The winning of a competition, represented by a flag.


crucify

en-verb

crucify (third-person singular simple present crucifies, present participle crucifying, simple past and past participle crucified)

crucifies (present singular third-person)
crucifying (participle present)
crucified (participle past)
crucified (past)

From Middle English crucifien, from Old French crucefier, from Late Latin crucificō, from Latin crucifigō.

West Ham beat Manchester City five nil–they crucified them!

(hyperbolic, informal, sports) To thoroughly beat at a sport or game.


ensign

ensign (third-person singular simple present ensigns, present participle ensigning, simple past and past participle ensigned)

ensigns (present singular third-person)
ensigning (participle present)
ensigned (participle past)
ensigned (past)

From Middle English ensigne, from Old French enseigne, from Latin īnsignia, nominative plural of īnsigne, meaning marked, distinguished. Doublet of insignia.

Any charge which has a crown immediately above or upon it, is said to be ensigned.

(heraldry) To distinguish by an ornament, especially by a crown.


out

From Middle English out, oute, from a combination of Old English ūt (“out”, preposition & adverb), from Proto-West Germanic *ūt, from Proto-Germanic *ūt (“out”); and Old English ūte (“outside; without”, adverb), from Proto-Germanic *ūtai (“out; outside”); both from Proto-Indo-European *úd (“upwards, away”).
Cognate with Scots oot, out (“out”), Saterland Frisian uut, uute (“out”), West Frisian út (“out”), Dutch uit (“out”), German Low German ut (“out”), German aus (“out”), Norwegian/Swedish ut, ute (“out; outside”), Danish ud, ude (“out; outside”).

inh

There are numerous individual phrasal verbs

The football caught the edge of the line but then bounced out.

(sports) Of the ball or other playing implement, so as to pass or be situated beyond the bounds of the playing area.

Wilson was bowled out for five runs.

First ball hit me on the 'and, second 'ad me on the knee, the third was in my eye, the fourth bowled me out.

1876, The School newspaper Vol. [2 issues of vols. 31 and 32]., page 66:

Hayes batted for Reed and grounded out, Murray unassisted.

1984, Official Baseball Guide, page 211:

So, first guy, Larry strikes him out, good fastball in on his hands.

2007, Philip R. Craig, William G. Tapply, Third Strike: A Brady Coyne/J. W. Jackson Mystery, page 27:

The striking batter is bowled out when the wicket is broken with the bowler's delivery. A batter is bowled out whether or not the ball is touched or deflected into the stumps by the batter.

2010, Mark Butcher, Paul Abraham, Learn to Play Cricket: Teach Yourself, page A-65:

(cricket, baseball) Of a player, so as to be disqualified from playing further by some action of a member of the opposing team (such as being stumped in cricket).


out

→ Greek: άουτ (áout)

→ Japanese: アウト (auto)

→ Korean: 아웃 (aut)

→ Spanish: out

The first time I saw Amity we were in front of her house playing work-up, a baseball variation where you move from position to position by outs until you get to bat.

2014, Tom Bentley, Flowering: And Other Stories:

(baseball) A state in which a member of the batting team is removed from play due to the application of various rules of the game such as striking out, hitting a fly ball which is caught by the fielding team before bouncing, etc.

(cricket) A dismissal; a state in which a member of the batting team finishes his turn at bat, due to the application of various rules of the game, such as the bowler knocking over the batsman's wicket with the ball.


out

in

antonym(s) of “disqualified from playing”

closeted

antonym(s) of “openly acknowledging that one is LGBT+”

vyautovaný

cricket, baseball: disqualified from playing further in an inning

I thought the ball hit the line, but the umpire said it was out.

Not inside a place one might otherwise be expected to be, especially a place one was formerly or is customarily inside:

(sports) Of the ball or other playing implement, falling or passing or being situated beyond the bounds of the playing area.


manager

→ Albanian: menaxher

→ Burmese: မန်နေဂျာ (mannegya)

→ Catalan: mànager

→ Dutch: manager

→ French: manager
→ Turkish: menajer

→ German: Manager

→ Greek: μάνατζερ (mánatzer)

→ Hungarian: menedzser

→ Italian: manager

→ Japanese: マネージャー (manējā)

→ Korean: 매니저 (maenijeo)

→ Polish: menedżer

→ Romanian: manager

→ Russian: ме́неджер (ménedžer)

→ Scottish Gaelic: manaidsear

→ Spanish: mánager

→ Swahili: meneja

→ Ukrainian: ме́неджер (ménedžer)


torch

en-verb

torch (third-person singular simple present torches, present participle torching, simple past and past participle torched)

torches (present singular third-person)
torching (participle present)
torched (participle past)
torched (past)

The noun is derived from Middle English torch, torche (“large candle; lighted stick; (figurative) sunbeam”), from Old French torche, torque (“torch; bundle of (twisted) straw”) (modern French torche); further etymology uncertain, probably from Vulgar Latin *torca (“coiled object”) (referring to a torch made from twisted plant fibres dipped in a flammable substance such as pitch), from Latin torqua, a variant of torquis (“collar of twisted metal, torque; wreath”), from torqueō (“to twist, wind”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *terkʷ- (“to spin; to turn”).
Sense 2.3 (Verbascum thapsus) is either due to the plant’s spike of yellow flowers, or because its leaves and stalks were used to make torches (noun sense 1). Sense 3.2 (“precious cause, etc., which needs to be protected and transmitted to others”) is derived from Latin lampada trādere, from Ancient Greek λᾰμπᾰ́δᾰ πᾰρᾰδιδόναι (lampáda paradidónai, “to hand over the torch”), a reference to the torch race held at various festivals such as the Panathenaic Games in Ancient Greece, which involved a relay where a torch was passed from one runner to another.
The verb is derived from the noun.

cog

λᾰμπᾰ́δᾰ πᾰρᾰδιδόναι

(US, fishing) To catch fish or other aquatic animals by torchlight; to go torch-fishing.

kalastaa soihdunvalossa

to catch fish or other aquatic animals by torchlight


snatch

From Middle English snacchen, snecchen, from Old English *snæċċan, *sneċċan, from Proto-West Germanic *snakkijan, from Proto-Germanic *snakkijaną, *snakkōną (“to nibble, snort, chatter”); see *snūtaz (“snout”).
Cognate with Dutch snakken (“to sob, pant, long for”), Low German snacken (“to chatter”), German schnacken (“to chat”), Norwegian snakke (“to chat”). Related to snack.

(weightlifting) A competitive weightlifting event in which a barbell is lifted from the platform to locked arms overhead in a smooth continuous movement.


crucifix

From Middle English crucifix, from Old French crocefis (French crucifix), from Latin crucifixus.

(gymnastics) The iron cross, a position on the rings where the gymnast holds the rings straight out on either side of the body.


root

en-verb

root (third-person singular simple present roots, present participle rooting, simple past and past participle rooted)

roots (present singular third-person)
rooting (participle present)
rooted (participle past)
rooted (past)

From Middle English wrōten (“to dig with the snout”), from Old English wrōtan, from Proto-Germanic *wrōtaną (“to dig out, to root”). Related to Old English wrōt (“snout; trunk”). Loss of initial w- probably due to influence from the related noun (Etymology 1).

furgar

coarse slang: to have sexual intercourse

(equestrianism, of a horse) To tug or pull at the reins aggressively by driving the head downwards while wearing a bit.

搶口

of a horse: to tug or pull at the reins aggressively by driving the head downwards


ankle

en-verb

ankle (third-person singular simple present ankles, present participle ankling, simple past and past participle ankled)

ankles (present singular third-person)
ankling (participle present)
ankled (participle past)
ankled (past)

From Middle English ankel, ancle, ankyll, from Old English ancol (compare anclēow (“ankle”) > Modern English anclef, ancliff, ancley), from Proto-West Germanic *ankul, from Proto-Germanic *ankulaz (“ankle”); akin to Icelandic ökkla, ökli, Danish and Swedish ankel, Dutch enklaauw, enkel, German Enkel, Old Norse akka, Old Frisian anckel, and perhaps Old High German encha, ancha (“thigh, shin”), from the Proto-Germanic *ankijǭ (“ankle, joint”).
Compare with Sanskrit अङ्ग (aṅga, “limb”), अङ्गुरि (aṅguri, “finger”), Latin angulus. Compare haunch and Greek prefix ἀγκυλο- (ankulo-, “joint, crooked, bent”). Doublet of angulus and angle.

(cycling) To cyclically angle the foot at the ankle while pedaling, to maximize the amount of work applied to the pedal during each revolution.


drain

drain (third-person singular simple present drains, present participle draining, simple past and past participle drained)

drains (present singular third-person)
draining (participle present)
drained (participle past)
drained (past)

→ French: drainer (see there for further descendants)

From Middle English dreinen, from Old English drēahnian (“to drain, strain, filter”), from Proto-Germanic *drauhnōną (“to strain, sieve”), from Proto-Germanic *draugiz (“dry, parched”). Akin to Old English drūgian (“to dry up”), Old English drūgaþ (“dryness, drought”), Old English drȳġe (“dry”). More at dry.

der

(transitive, basketball, slang) To make a shot.


propeller

→ Dutch: propeller

→ German: Propeller

→ Swedish: propeller


pit stop

Alonso and Ferrari may well privately regret the decision to delay their second pit stop until two laps after Maldonado made his on the 24th of 66 laps.

2012 May 13, Andrew Benson, “Williams's Pastor Maldonado takes landmark Spanish Grand Prix win”, in BBC Sport:

(motor racing) A stop made during an automobile race at the pit to refuel and perform other periodic maintenance on the vehicle.


appeal

en-noun

appeal (countable and uncountable, plural appeals)

From Middle English apel, appel (“formal accusation brought in court; a challenge to trial by combat; an appeal to a higher court or authority; plea (for mercy, protection, etc.); pealing (of bells)”) [and other forms], from Old French apel (“a call”) (modern French appel (“a call; an appeal”)), from apeler (“to call; to call out”), from Latin appellāre (“to address as, call by name; to drive, move to; to land or put ashore”), alternative form adpellāre, from ad- (prefix meaning ‘to; towards’) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd (“at; to”)) + pellere (“to drive, impel, push; to hurl, propel; to banish, expel; to eject, thrust out”) + -āre, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *pelh₂- (“to approach”), from *pel- (“to beat; to drive; to push”). Doublet of appel.

çağırış

call to a person or an authority for a decision, help, or proof — see also entreaty

A call to a person or an authority for a decision, help, or proof; an entreaty, an invocation.

(cricket) The act, by the fielding side, of asking an umpire for a decision on whether a batsman is out or not.


appeal

en-verb

appeal (third-person singular simple present appeals, present participle appealing, simple past and past participle appealed)

appeals (present singular third-person)
appealing (participle present)
appealed (participle past)
appealed (past)

From Middle English apelen, appelen (“to accuse; to make a formal charge before a court, etc., impeach; to challenge to trial by combat; to apply to a higher court or authority for review of a decision; to call upon for a decision, favour, help, etc.; to call by a name”) [and other forms], from Old French apeler (“to call; to call out”); see further at etymology 1.

nb...

apeal, apeale, apeele, apele, appel, appele

اِسْتَأْنَفَ

(intransitive) to apply to a superior court or judge for a decision or order by an inferior court or judge to be reviewed and overturned

apelovat

to call upon a person or an authority to corroborate a statement, to decide a controverted question, or to vindicate one’s rights — see also entreat, invoke

appeal from Philip drunk to Philip sober

(intransitive) To call upon a person or an authority to corroborate a statement, to decide a controverted question, or to vindicate one's rights; to entreat, to invoke.

(intransitive, cricket) Of a fielding side; to ask an umpire for a decision on whether a batsman is out or not, usually by saying "How's that?" or "Howzat?".

appeleren

(cricket) of a fielding side: to ask an umpire for a decision on whether a batsman is out or not


edge

From Middle English egge, from Old English eċġ, from Proto-West Germanic *aggju, from Proto-Germanic *agjō, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ- (“sharp”).
See also Dutch egge, German Ecke, Swedish egg, Norwegian egg; also Welsh hogi (“to sharpen, hone”), Latin aciēs (“sharp”), acus (“needle”), Latvian ašs, ass (“sharp”), Ancient Greek ἀκίς (akís, “needle”), ἀκμή (akmḗ, “point”), and Persian آس (âs, “grinding stone”)).

2004 March 29, R. Bharat Rao Short report: Ind-Pak T1D2 Session 1 in rec.sports.cricket, Usenet
Finally another edge for 4, this time dropped by the keeper

(cricket) A shot where the ball comes off the edge of the bat, often unintentionally.


edge

en-verb

edge (third-person singular simple present edges, present participle edging, simple past and past participle edged)

edges (present singular third-person)
edging (participle present)
edged (participle past)
edged (past)

(cricket, transitive) To hit the ball with an edge of the bat, causing a fine deflection.


up

down

antonym(s) of “away from the centre of the Earth”

down

antonym(s) of “towards the principal terminus”

From Middle English up, from Old English upp, from Proto-Germanic *upp, see more there.

The bowler pitched the ball up.

(cricket) Relatively close to the batsman.


up

down

antonym(s) of “traveling towards a major terminus”

(horse-racing) Riding the horse; mounted.


tee

First attested in the 17th century as teaz, later reanalyzed as a plural.

(golf) A flat area of ground from which players hit their first shots on a golf hole.

Pollard, who went into the semifinals with an unsatisfactory 63% return from the kicking tee, turned it around splendidly against Wales and he continued that form despite missing his first attempt in the final.

2019 November 3, Liam de Carme, “Boks, you beauties”, in Sunday Times:

(sports) A usually wooden or plastic peg from which a ball is kicked or hit.

(curling) The target area of a curling rink.


tee

tee (third-person singular simple present tees, present participle teeing, simple past and past participle teed)

tees (present singular third-person)
teeing (participle present)
teed (participle past)
teed (past)

If at any hole a competitor play his first stroke from outside the limits of the teeing-ground, he shall count that stroke, tee a ball, and play his second stroke from within these limits.


roof

From Middle English rof, from Old English hrōf (“roof, ceiling; top, summit; heaven, sky”), from Proto-Germanic *hrōfą (“roof”).


crescent

From Middle English cressaunt, from Anglo-Norman cressaunt and Old French creissant (“crescent of the moon”) (French croissant), from Latin crēscēns, present active participle of crēscō (“arise, thrive”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱreh₁- (“to grow”). See Old Armenian սերիմ (serim, “be born”) and սերեմ (serem, “bring forth”), Ancient Greek κόρη (kórē, “girl”) and κούρος (koúros, “boy”), Latin creāre (“produce, create, bring forth”) and Ceres (“goddess of agriculture”). Doublet of croissant, creature, crew, recreation, and recruit.
The pronunciation with /z/ is a comparatively recent innovation due to the influence of words such as pheasant and present.

doublet

Something shaped like a crescent, especially:

(heraldry) The emblem of the waxing moon with horns directed upward, when used in a coat of arms; often used as a mark of cadency to distinguish a second son and his descendants.

makaava kuu

heraldry: waxing Moon with horns directed upward


film

en-noun

film (countable and uncountable, plural films)

→ Amharic: ፊልም (film)

→ Bulgarian: филм (film)

→ Catalan: film

→ Chinese: 菲林 (fēilín)

→ Crimean Tatar: film

→ Czech: film

→ Danish: film

desctree

→ Dutch: film
→ Caribbean Hindustani: felam
→ Caribbean Javanese: film
→ Indonesian: film
→ Javanese: film, filem

→ French: film
→ Albanian: film
→ Arabic: فِيلْم (fīlm), فِلْم (film)
→ Khmer: ហ្វីល (fiil)
→ Persian: فیلم (film)
→ Romanian: film
→ Turkish: film
→ Vietnamese: phim

→ Galician: filme

→ German: Film
→ Estonian: film
→ Silesian: film

→ Greek: φιλμ (film)

→ Haitian Creole: fim

→ Hebrew: פילם (film)

→ Hindi: फ़िल्म (film)

→ Hungarian: film

→ Italian: film

→ Japanese: フィルム (firumu)

→ Korean: 필름 (pilleum)

→ Lao: ຟີມ (fīm)

→ Latvian: filma

→ Lithuanian: filmas

→ Macedonian: филм (film)

→ Malay: filem

→ Malayalam: ഫിലിം (philiṁ)

→ Norman: film

→ Pashto: پلم (pilm)

→ Polish: film
→ Kashubian: film

→ Portuguese: filme

→ Punjabi: ਫ਼ਿਲਮ (filam)

→ Russian: фильм (filʹm)
→ Armenian: ֆիլմ (film)
→ Azerbaijani: film
→ Belarusian: фільм (filʹm)
→ Georgian: ფილმი (pilmi)
→ Kazakh:
Arabic script: فيلم
Cyrillic script: фильм (film)
→ Kyrgyz: фильм (film)
→ Mongolian:
Cyrillic script: фильм (filʹm)
Mongolian script: ᠹᠢᠯᠢᠮ (filim)
→ Ukrainian: фільм (filʹm)
→ Uyghur: فىلىم (filim)
→ Uzbek: film

→ Scottish Gaelic: film

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: фи̏лм

Latin script: fȉlm

→ Sinhalese: ෆිල්ම් (film)

→ Slovak: film

→ Spanish: filme

→ Swahili: filamu

→ Tigrinya: ፊልም (film)

→ Thai: ฟิล์ม (fim)

→ Urdu: فلم (film)

→ Welsh: ffilm

→ Yiddish: פֿילם (film)

From Middle English filme, from Old English filmen (“film, membrane, thin skin, foreskin”), from Proto-West Germanic *filmīn-, from Proto-Germanic *filmīn- (“thin skin, membrane”) (compare Proto-Germanic *felma- (“skin, hide”)), from Proto-Indo-European *pél-mo- (“membrane”), from *pel- (“to cover, skin”). Cognate with Old Frisian filmene (“thin skin, human skin”), Middle Dutch velm, vilm (“fleece, film, membrane”), Old High German felm (“peel, skin, wrap”), Old English *felma (in ǣġerfelma (“egg membrane”)). Related also to Dutch vel (“sheet, skin”), German Fell (“skin, hide, fur”), Swedish fjäll (“fur blanket, cloth, scale”), Norwegian fille (“rag, cloth”), Lithuanian plėvē (“membrane, scab”), Russian плева́ (plevá, “membrane”), Ancient Greek πέλμα (pélma, “sole of the foot”). More at fell. Sense of a thin coat of something is 1577, extended by 1845 to the coating of chemical gel on photographic plates. By 1895 this also meant the coating plus the paper or celluloid.

cog

(photography) A medium used to capture images in a camera.


average

/ˈæv(ə)ɹɪd͡ʒ/

From Middle French avarie, from Old French avarie, from Old Italian avaria (which is possibly from Arabic عَوَارِيَّة (ʕawāriyya, “damaged goods”), from عَوَار (ʕawār, “fault, blemish, defect, flaw”), from عَوِرَ (ʕawira, “to lose an eye”)) + English suffix -age.

der

batting average

(sports) An indication of a player's ability calculated from his scoring record, etc.


essay

Since late 16th century, borrowed from Middle French essay, essai (“essay”), meaning coined by Montaigne in the same time, from the same words in earlier meanings 'experiment; assay; attempt', from Old French essay, essai, assay, assai, from Latin exagium (“weight; weighing, testing on the balance”), from exigere + -ium.

(philately, finance) A proposed design for a postage stamp or a banknote.


coat of arms

From Middle English cote of armes, from Old French cote a armer, cote d'armes, originally a tunic embroidered with heraldic arms.

(heraldry) Hereditary designs and symbols depicted on an escutcheon, sometimes accompanied by other elements of a heraldic achievement, such as a helm, crest, crest coronet, torse, mantling and supporters; described by a blazon.

агерб

hereditary design depicted on an escutcheon

våbenmærke

the heraldic symbol shown without the shield

វរលញ្ឆករ

vĕəʼrĕəʼlañchaʼkɑɑ


shithouse

en-verb

shithouse (third-person singular simple present shithouses, present participle shithousing, simple past and past participle shithoused)

shithouses (present singular third-person)
shithousing (participle present)
shithoused (participle past)
shithoused (past)

From shit + house. Compare Middle Low German schîthûs, German Scheißhaus, Swedish skithus, Icelandic skíthús.

2021, Harry Diamond, “Five times El Cholo’s Atleti sh*thoused their way to famous Champions League wins”, in The Football Faithful:

(UK, Ireland, sports, slang) To engage in persistent unsporting behaviour or gamesmanship; to play in a cynical, ugly manner; to cheat without being punished.


punto

From Latin punctum (“point”) via Italian and Spanish punto, from pungō (“to prick, to puncture”). Doublet of point, punctum, and ponto.

To see thee fight, to see thee foin, to see thee traverse, to see thee here, to see thee there, to see thee pass thy puncto, thy stock, thy reverse, thy distance, thy montant.

c. 1597 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merry Wiues of Windsor”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii]:


silverware

en-noun

silverware (countable and uncountable, plural silverwares)

February 2008, BBC Sport - Ramos takes centre stage
How different it was at Wembley as Ramos confirmed his reputation as a relentless pursuer of silverware by giving Spurs their first trophy in nine years.

The performance was a sign of real intent for Arsenal as they continue their pursuit for silverware on four fronts - and with Van Persie firing on all cylinders, the odds look good on them winning a first trophy since 2005.

2011 January 22, Ian Hughes, “Arsenal 3 - 0 Wigan”, in BBC:

(sports) Trophies, success in a competition.


combination

combination (countable and uncountable, plural combinations)

PIE word
 *dwóh₁
From Middle English combinacioun, combynacyoun, from Old French combination, from Late Latin combīnātiō.
Morphologically combine + -ation

(billiards) A combination shot; a billiard; a shot where the cue ball hits a ball that strikes another ball on the table.


AU

almost uncirculated
almost uncirculated#English

(numismatics) Initialism of almost uncirculated.


hooker

Hooker Dylan Hartley was sent to the sin-bin after yet another infringement at the breakdown and, on the stroke of half-time, Georgia's territorial advantage finally told when number eight Basilaia surged over from the base of the scrum for a try next to the posts.

2011 September 18, Ben Dirs, “Rugby World Cup 2011: England 41-10 Georgia”, in BBC Sport:

(rugby) A player who hooks the ball out of the scrum with his foot.

I once saw Hassett drop England opening batsman and compulsive hooker, Cyril Washbrook, twice in succession at deep fine leg.

1990, Ashes: Battles and Bellylaughs, Byron Bay: Swan Publishing, page 32:

(cricket) A batsman or batswoman adept at or fond of playing hook shots.


home plate

→ Japanese: ホームベース (hōmu bēsu)

(baseball) A flat, pentagonal, rubber object placed at the center of the batter's box, which is used as a basis for judging pitched strikes and balls, and the touching of which by a runner advancing from or past third base scores a run.


step

From Middle English steppen, from Old English steppan (“to step, go, proceed, advance”), stepe (“step”), from Proto-West Germanic *stappjan, from Proto-Germanic *stapjaną (“to step”), *stapiz (“step”), from Proto-Indo-European *stebʰ- (“to support, stomp, curse, be amazed”).
Cognate with West Frisian stappe (“to step”), North Frisian stape (“to walk, trudge”), Dutch stappen (“to step, walk”), Walloon steper (“to walk away, leave”), German stapfen (“to trudge, stomp, plod”) and further to Slavic Polish stąpać (“to stomp, stamp, step, tread”), Russian ступать (stupatʹ) and Polish stopień (“step, stair, rung, degree”), Russian степень (stepenʹ). Related to stamp, stomp.

cog

a journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step

one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind

(glassblowing) The button joining a glass's stem to its foot.


provost

From Middle English, from late Old English prōfost, prāfost, from Late Latin prōpositus, variant of Latin praepositus (“[one] placed in command”). In some senses, via Anglo-Norman provolt; via Anglo-Norman and Old French provost (modern French prévôt). As a Central European ecclesiastical office, via German Propst, Danish provst, etc.

steward

deputy overseeing medieval estates or fees

police officer

deputy overseeing medieval law enforcement; military police

A senior deputy, a superintendent, particularly:

(fencing, historical) An assistant fencing master.

A senior deputy, a superintendent
An assistant fencing master.


pedestrian

en-adj

pedestrian (comparative more pedestrian, superlative most pedestrian)

more pedestrian (comparative)
most pedestrian (superlative)

Borrowed from Latin pedester, root pedestri- (from pedes) + -an (suffix forming adjectives).

The choreographer prefers pedestrian movements.

(dance) Pertaining to ordinary, everyday movements incorporated in postmodern dance.


trainer

→ Cebuano: trainor
→ English: trainor

He served Nelson wholeheartedly as a player, coach and trainer in a lengthy association, the highlights being his involvement in two championship-winning sides.

2009, Garth Dykes, Nelson FC in the Football League, page 22:

(sports) A person responsible for treating injuries sustained by players during matches; a physiotherapist.

(cycling) A piece of indoor equipment allowing a bicycle to be ridden while stationary.


canton

1530s, from Middle French canton, from Old French canton (“corner”); heraldic sense from the 1570s, geographic sense from c. 1600.

The king gave us the arms of England to be borne in a canton in our arms.

1662 August 31 (Gregorian calendar), John Evelyn, “[Diary entry for 21 August 1662]”, in William Bray, editor, Memoirs, Illustrative of the Life and Writings of John Evelyn, […], 2nd edition, volume I, London: Henry Colburn, […]; and sold by John and Arthur Arch, […], published 1819, →OCLC:

(heraldry) A division of a shield occupying one third of the chief, usually on the dexter side, formed by a perpendicular line from the top meeting a horizontal line from the side.


combine

PIE word
 *dwóh₁
From Middle French combiner, from Late Latin combīnāre, present active infinitive of combīnō (“unite, yoke together”), from Latin con- (“together”) + bīnī (“two by two”).

If you purchased this book chances are that you are planning on participating in a football combine or pro-day test.

2008, Scott Shetler, Optimal Performance Techniques for the Football Combine, page 5:

In 2008, a study was published that examined the ability of the NFL combine to predict football playing performance in the NFL (Kuzmits and Adams, 2008).

2020, Jay R. Hoffman, The Science of American Football:

At the combine, Reagor compared himself to the 49ers’ Deebo Samuel or Chiefs’ Tyreek Hill — whom he said he watched “every day”

2020 April 24, Ken Belson, Ben Shpigel, “Full Round 1 2020 N.F.L. Picks and Analysis”, in New York Time:

(American football) A Test match in which applicants play in the hope of earning a position on a professional football team.


queue

From Middle English queue, quew, qwew, couwe, from Anglo-Norman queue, keu and Old French cöe, cue, coe (“tail”), from Vulgar Latin cōda, from Latin cauda. See also Middle French queu, cueue. Doublet of coda.

HESSE: Az., a lion, queue fourchée, rampt., barry of ten, arg. and gu., crowned, or, and holding in his dexter paw a sword, ppr., hilt and pommel, gold.

1863, Charles Boutell, A Manual of Heraldry, page 369:


runner

From Middle English rennere, rynner, urnare, equivalent to run + -er. Cognate with Old Norse rennari (“runner; messenger”). Displaced earlier Middle English runel (“runner”), from Old English rynel (“runner”; also “messenger, courier”).

махови́к

mechanical part intended to guide or aid something else to move

(cricket) A player who runs for a batsman who is too injured to run; he is dressed exactly as the injured batsman, and carries a bat.

The runner was out at second.

Agent noun of run; one who runs.
(baseball, softball) A baserunner.

Agent noun of run; one who runs.
A baserunner.

This week hundreds of NFL agents gathered to hear an honorable man talk about a noble pipedream. It was a discussion about a significant step to end one of the cornerstones of corruption in college football: runners. Not the backs getting their 40 times tested at the scouting combine but the slimeball trolls who work on behalf of agents to help recruit — a generous word — football prospects by illegally giving them cash (or cars or money for family members or rent for a nice house) so the player then signs with the agent upon turning pro.

Freeman, Mike (2012 February 25) “Runners' world: Union boss Smith's noble idea likely stuck at the start”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name), CBSSports.com, retrieved 2014-03-19

(sports slang) An employee of a sports agent who tries to recruit possible player clients for the agent.

(climbing) A short sling with a carabiner on either end, used to link the climbing rope to a bolt or other protection such as a nut or friend.


inside

From Middle English ynneside; equivalent to in- + side.
Compare German Innenseite (“inside”), Danish inderside (“inside”), Swedish insida (“inside”), Dutch binnenzijde (“inside”), German Low German Binnensied, Binnersied (“inside”), Saterland Frisian Binnersiede (“inside”).

cog

The first pitch is ... just a bit inside.

(baseball, of a pitch) Toward the batter as it crosses home plate.


Yankee

First attested in 1683, as a name applied disparagingly by Dutch settlers in Nieuw Amsterdam (New York) to English colonists in neighboring Connecticut. It may be from Dutch Janke (“Little John”), the old diminutive form of the common personal name Jan, or it may be from Jan Kees, the familiar form of "Johan Cornelius", or a variant of Jan Kaas, literally "John Cheese", the generic nickname the Flemings used for Dutchmen. It originally seems to have been applied insultingly to the Dutch, especially freebooters, before they turned around and applied it to the English. In English it was a term of contempt (1750s) before it came to be used as a general term for "a native of New England" (1765). The shortened form Yank was first recorded in reference to "an American" in 1778. James Fenimore Cooper suggested that it was a corruption of "English" via the intermediate form "Yengeese."

(baseball) A player for the New York Yankees.

洋基

(baseball) player that plays for the New York Yankees


submarine

When Peterson saw the unusual pitching motion of Kent Tekulve—the submarine pitcher who threw baseballs as though they were coming right out of the rubber slab on the mound—he was the first of many who tried to change Tekulve's delivery.

2005, John McCollister, Tales from the 1979 Pittsburgh Pirates: Remembering "The Fam-A-Lee", →ISBN, page 109:

(baseball) Of a pitch, thrown with the hand lower than the elbow.


submarine

(baseball) A pitch delivered with an underhand motion.


und

From Middle English unde (“a wave”), from either the Old French unde or Latin unda (“wave”). Doublet of water, ultimately from the same Indo-European root.

My Noble Lord, / AFter a long inquiry about the Arms of your Lordships antient House, and the turning of sundry Books of Impresaes and Herauldry, I found your UNDES famous and very honourable. / In our neighbour Countrey of England they are born, but inversed upside down, and diversified. Torquato Tasso in his Rinaldo maketh mention of a Knight who had a Rock placed in the Waves with the Word Rompe ch'il percote. And other hath the Seas waves with a Syren rising out of them, the word Bella Maria, which is the name of some Courtezan.

, William Drummond, letter "To the Right Honourable the Earl of Perth" in The history of Scotland, from the year 1423 until the year 1542 containing the lives and reigns of James the I, the II, the III, the IV, the V : with several memorials of state, during the reigns of James VI & Charls I

The house of Chedle yet after this diuiding it selfe into two branches, John Basset of new place (being of the yoonger house) left the Labell, and charged the blacke vnds with manie besants dispersed all ouer them.

1592, William Wyrley, The true vse of armorie, page 12:

A Devise may also be handsomely framed from two different Coats of Armes, as of the Husband and his Wife, of two friends, of two Kings, of two States united and confederate. Will you have an example of it, taken out of our Author Bargagli? A Husband bearing Vnde in his armes, and his Wife Roses, gave occasion to joyne them together in one Blazon, with these words, IRRIGATÆ VIVATIORES, i.e. they are more lively when they are watered.

1650, Henry Estienne, Thomas Blount, The art of making devises […] :

(heraldry) A billow- or wave-like marking.


tattoo

en-verb

tattoo (third-person singular simple present tattoos, present participle tattooing, simple past and past participle tattooed)

tattoos (present singular third-person)
tattooing (participle present)
tattooed (participle past)
tattooed (past)

From earlier tattaow, tattow, a borrowing from a Polynesian language, e.g. Samoan tatau (“tattoo; to tap, to strike”).

cog

Jones tattoos one into the gap in left; that will clear the bases.

(baseball) To hit the ball hard, as if to figuratively leave a tattoo on the ball.


quart

From Middle English quart, quarte, from Old French quarte, carte, from Latin quartus (“one-fourth”). Cognate with Spanish cuarto (“quarter; room, quarters”).

[W]e behold two men with lion-look, with alert attitude, side foremost, right foot advanced; flourishing and thrusting, stoccado and passado, in tierce and quart; intent to skewer one another.

1837, Thomas Carlyle, The French Revolution: A History […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), London: Chapman and Hall, →OCLC, (please specify the book or page number):

(fencing) The fourth defensive position; quarte.


soup

en-noun

soup (countable and uncountable, plural soups)

→ Tamil: சூப் (cūp)

→ Thai: ซุป (súp)

Wikiquote
The noun is from Middle English soupe, sowpe, from Old French soupe, souppe, sope, from Late Latin suppa (“sopped bread”), from Proto-Germanic *supô (compare Middle Dutch sope (“broth”)). Doublet of zuppa. See also sop and supper.
The verb is from the noun.

(figuratively) Any mixture or substance suggestive of soup consistency.

(photography) Processing chemicals into which film is dipped, such as developer.


soup

en-verb

soup (third-person singular simple present soups, present participle souping, simple past and past participle souped)

soups (present singular third-person)
souping (participle present)
souped (participle past)
souped (past)

That girl Vivienne, by the way, once worked as a secretary in the workshop of The Rotarian, began "souping" her own snapshots at home, went from there to top rank as a New York color photographer specializing in small children […]

1970 December, The Rotarian, volume 117, number 6, page 31:

"Then perhaps it won't surprise you to learn Annie's taking over the Sunday social column," Roz said. "You photo-guys'll be souping her film."

And her camera position had been completely out of his sight. Satisfied that she'd gotten everything she'd needed - much more, in fact - she went back inside and got to work. Jill had souped her first photographs while she'd been on […]

1998, Edward Gorman, Cold Blue Midnight:

By 6 pm Beau and I are back at the paper, souping the film, when Woody rushes into the room.

2005, Jock Lauterer, Community Journalism: A Personal Approach, page 242:

(photography) To develop (film) in a (chemical) developing solution.


bum

1864, back-formation from bummer, from German Bummler (“loafer”), from bummeln (“to loaf”).

Trade him to another team, he’s a bum!

Seabiscuit, wrote another reporter, “was a hero in California and a pretty fair sort of horse in the midwest. In the east, however, he was just a ‘bumʼ”

2001, Laura Hillenbrand, Seabiscuit: An American Legend:

(colloquial, sports) A player or racer who often performs poorly.


drop

From Late Middle English droppe, Middle English drope (“small quantity of liquid; small or least amount of something; pendant jewel; dripping of a liquid; a shower; nasal flow, catarrh; speck, spot; blemish; disease causing spots on the skin”) [and other forms], from Old English dropa (“a drop”), from Proto-West Germanic *dropō (“drop (of liquid)”), from Proto-Germanic *drupô (“drop (of liquid)”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰrewb- (“to crumble, grind”).

nb...

dropan, droupe, (Northern England) droipe

afval

small quantity of liquid, just large enough to hold its own round shape through surface tension

pisara

very small quantity of liquid, or of anything

pisara

that which hangs or resembles a liquid globule

pudotettu esine

(online gaming, video games) item dropped by a defeated enemy

aleneminen

decline in degree, quality, quantity, or rate

afgrond

distance through which something drops, or falls below a certain level

Yet another drop for the Tiger tight end.

A thing which drops or hangs down.
(American football) A dropped pass.

A thing which drops or hangs down.
A dropped pass.

An act or instance of dropping (in all senses).

Usually preceded by the: relegation from one division to a lower one.

putoaminen

(sports) relegation from one division to a lower one

The Tiger quarterback took a one-step drop, expecting his tight end to be open.

(American football) Short for drop-back.


drop

en-verb

drop (third-person singular simple present drops, present participle dropping, simple past and past participle dropped or (archaic) dropt)

drops (present singular third-person)
dropping (participle present)
dropped (participle past)
dropped (past)
dropt (archaic participle past)
dropt (archaic past)

From Middle English droppen, dropen (“to fall in drops, drip or trickle down; to scatter, sprinkle; to be covered with a liquid; to give off moisture; of an object: to drop, fall; of a living being: to fall to the ground”) [and other forms], from Old English dropian, droppian (“to drop”), from dropa (“a drop”) (see further at etymology 1) + -ian (suffix forming verbs from adjectives and nouns).

спадам

to decrease, diminish, or lessen in condition, degree, value, etc.

laskea

to move to a lower position; to allow to hang downwards — see also lower

laskea

to lower (a sound, a voice, etc.) in pitch or volume

(originally US) To (unexpectedly) lose (a competition, game, etc.).

kokea yllätystappio

to (unexpectedly) lose (a competition, game, etc.)

Warne dropped Tendulkar on 99. Tendulkar went on to get a century next ball.

(cricket) Of a fielder: to fail to dismiss (a batsman) by accidentally dropping a batted ball that had initially been caught.

pudottaa

(cricket) of a fielder: to fail to dismiss (a batsman) by accidentally dropping a batted ball that had initially been caught

(rugby) To score (a goal) by means of a drop kick.

tehdä pudotuspotkumaali

(rugby) to score (a goal) by means of a drop kick


mechanical

From Middle English mechanical, mechanicalle, mechanycalle, equivalent to mechanic + -al.

The pack are suffering mechanicals and pull up under a lamp post marking a right turn.

2010, Andy Allsopp, Barring Mechanicals - from London to Edinburgh and Back, on a Recumbent Bicycle, →ISBN, page 96:

Equipment back then was less capable than it is today, and we often had to deal with mechanical failures, also called mechanicals and the odd injury which we called 'bio-mechanicals'.

2012, Clive Forth, The Pocket Mountain Bike Trail Guide: Your slope saviour, →ISBN, page 11:

The support can be there when you need it for major mechanicals, other emergencies and to transport all your gear to the next overnight stop.

2014, Vince Major, The Smoke Ring - An Orbital Route Around London, →ISBN, page 12:

(cycling) An instance of equipment failure.


prop

From Middle English proppe (“a prop, support, support for a vine or plant”), from Middle Dutch proppe (“support, support for a vine, stopper for a bottle”). Compare Middle Low German proppe (“plug, stopper”), German Pfropfen (“plug”), Danish prop (“plug, stopper”).

cog

(rugby) The player on either side of the hooker in a scrum.

stut

rugby: player next to the hooker in a scrum


prop

(bodybuilding slang) Testosterone propionate.


carnage

en-noun

carnage (usually uncountable, plural carnages)

/ˈkɑɹ.nɪd͡ʒ/

Borrowed from Middle French carnage, from a Norman or Picard variant Old Northern French) of Old French charnage, from char (“flesh”), or from Vulgar Latin *carnaticum (“slaughter of animals”), itself from Latin carnem, accusative of caro (“flesh”).

der

(figurative, sports) Any great loss by a team; a game in which one team wins overwhelmingly.


outside

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Nattes à chat-outside.wav

When a wave mounds on the outside and takes its shape, a surfer quickly paddles to the peak, positions himself in its evolving momentum, swings his board around, aligns with the peak, and thrusts himself into its cascading shape.

2011, Rick Hansen, Leadership and The Art of Surfing, page xi:

(surfing) The outer part of the sea, away from the peak of a wave.


outside

en-adj

outside (comparative more outside, superlative most outside)

more outside (comparative)
most outside (superlative)

արտաքին

pertaining to the outer surface or boundary

The first pitch is ... just a bit outside.

(baseball, of a pitch) Away (far) from the batter as it crosses home plate.


hero

en-noun

hero (plural heroes or (sandwich sense) heros)

→ Hindi: हीरो (hīro)

→ Japanese: ヒーロー (hīrō)

→ Korean: 히어로 (hieoro)

→ Thai: ฮีโร่ (hii-rôo)

[ˈhɪə.ɹəʊ~ˈçɪə.ɹəʊ]

From Middle English heroes, from Old French heroes, from Latin hērōs (“hero”), from Ancient Greek ἥρως (hḗrōs, “demi-god, hero”), from Proto-Indo-European *ser- (“to watch over, protect”). Related to Latin servo (“protect”). Displaced Middle English heleð, haleð, from Old English hæleþ, hæle.

der

The preparation of the hero food involves any number of specialized techniques food stylists have developed to deal with the demands of photographing food.

2003, Solomon H. Katz, William Woys Weaver, Encyclopedia of Food and Culture:

Protect the hero food. Whether the hero items are on a table in the studio or in the refrigerator, freezer, etc., be sure they are identified as hero items and not for consumption.

2008, Linda Bellingham, Jean Ann Bybee, Brad G. Rogers, Food Styling for Photographers, page 8:

The food stylists this day had spent inordinate amounts of time preparing the hero product for a close-up scene.

2008, David Random, Defying Gravity, page 24:

(film, photography, chiefly attributive) The product chosen from several candidates to be photographed, as in food advertising, or with props used in a movie.


fireman

(baseball) A relief pitcher (reflecting the figurative analogy of rescuing the situation).


period

frequency

antonym(s) of “length of time of recurrence of a periodic phenomenon”

/ˈpɪə.ɹɪ.əd/

From Middle English periode, from Middle French periode, from Medieval Latin periodus, from Ancient Greek περίοδος (períodos, “circuit, an interval of time, path around”), from περί- (perí-, “around”) + ὁδός (hodós, “way”). Displaced native Middle English tide (“interval, period, season”), from Old English tīd (“time, period, season”), as well as Middle English elde (“age, period”), from Old English ieldu (“age, period of time”).

periudhë

history: period of time seen as coherent entity

periodike

length of time during which something repeats

Gretzky scored in the last minute of the second period.

(sports, chiefly ice hockey) Each of the intervals, typically three, of which a game is divided.

They won in the first overtime period.

(sports, chiefly ice hockey) One or more additional intervals to decide a tied game, an overtime period.


cyclops

en-noun

cyclops (plural cyclops or cyclopes or cyclopses)

cyclops (plural)
cyclopes (plural)
cyclopses (plural)

Borrowed from Latin cyclōps, from Ancient Greek Κύκλωψ (Kúklōps, “Cyclops”), q.v.

der

(horology) A small magnifying lens in the crystal of a watch to ease reading the date.


starter

Someone who starts, or who starts something.

(golf) A person employed to take new players to the first tee at suitable intervals, and to provide them with caddies and equipment.


single

→ Dutch: single

→ Finnish: sinkku

→ German: Single

→ Indonesian: singel

→ Japanese: シングル (shinguru)

→ Polish: singiel

From Middle English single, sengle, from Old French sengle, saingle, sangle, from Latin singulus, a diminutive derived from Proto-Indo-European *sem- (“one”). Akin to Latin simplex (“simple”). See simple, and compare singular.

(baseball) A hit in baseball where the batter advances to first base.

(Canadian football) A score of one point, awarded when a kicked ball is dead within the non-kicking team's end zone or has exited that end zone.

(tennis, chiefly in the plural) A game with one player on each side, as in tennis.


single

en-verb

single (third-person singular simple present singles, present participle singling, simple past and past participle singled)

singles (present singular third-person)
singling (participle present)
singled (participle past)
singled (past)

Pedro singled in the bottom of the eighth inning, which, if converted to a run, would put the team back into contention.

(baseball) To get a hit that advances the batter exactly one base.


bogie

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-bogie.wav

(golf) A score of one over par on a hole.

Alternative spelling of bogey
A score of one over par on a hole.