vault

Borrowed from Middle French volter (“to turn or spin around; to frolic”), borrowed from Italian voltare, itself from a Vulgar Latin frequentative form of Latin volvere; later assimilated to Etymology 1, above.

bor

(gymnastics) A piece of apparatus used for performing jumps.

(gymnastics) A gymnastic movement performed on this apparatus.

(equestrianism) Synonym of volte: a circular movement by the horse.

(gymnastics) An event or performance involving a vaulting horse.


condor

→ Welsh: condor

→ Korean: 콘도르 (kondoreu)

From Spanish cóndor, from Classical Quechua kuntur. The change /t/ to /d/ was charactersitic of the "coastal" variety of the language.

(golf) The completion of a hole four strokes under par (a quadruple birdie, triple eagle, or double albatross).


verge

Borrowed from Middle French verge (“rod or wand of office”), hence "scope, territory dominated", from Latin virga (“shoot, rod stick”), of unknown origin. Earliest attested sense in English is now-obsolete meaning "male member, penis" (c.1400). Modern sense is from the notion of 'within the verge' (1509, also as Anglo-Norman dedeinz la verge), i.e. "subject to the Lord High Steward's authority" (as symbolized by the rod of office), originally a 12-mile radius round the royal court, which sense shifted to "the outermost edge of an expanse or area." Doublet of virga.

(horology) The spindle of a watch balance, especially one with pallets, as in the old vertical escapement.


zone

→ Korean: 존 (jon)

→ Punjabi: ਜ਼ੋਨ (zon)

From Latin zōna, from Ancient Greek ζώνη (zṓnē, “girdle, belt”).

der

That pitch was low and away, just outside the zone.

Players are off side, if they enter the attacking zone before the puck.

(ice hockey) Every of the three parts of an ice rink, divided by two blue lines.

The defender playing at the top of the zone is nine to fourteen metres out from the goal line.

1974, Franko Blazic with Zorko Soric, Team Handball, page 31:

(handball) A semicircular area in front of each goal.

I just got in the zone late in the game: everything was going in.

(chiefly sports) A high-performance phase or period.

(basketball, American football) A defensive scheme where defenders guard a particular area of the court or field, as opposed to a particular opposing player.


pickle

en-noun

pickle (countable and uncountable, plural pickles)

→ Dutch: pickles

→ French: pickles

→ Irish: picil

→ Korean: 피클 (pikeul)

→ Portuguese: picles

→ Spanish: pickles, picle

→ Welsh: picil

From Middle English pikel (“spicy sauce served with meat or fish”), borrowed from Middle Dutch, Middle Low German pekel (“brine”). Cognate with Scots pikkill (“salt liquor, brine”), Saterland Frisian Piekele (“pickle, brine”), Dutch pekel (“pickle, brine”), Low German pekel, peckel, pickel, bickel (“pickle, brine”), German Pökel (“pickle, brine”).

cog

Jones was caught in a pickle between second and third.

(metalworking) A bath of dilute sulphuric or nitric acid, etc., to remove burnt sand, scale, rust, etc., from the surface of castings, or other articles of metal, or to brighten them or improve their colour.

киселинна вана

metalworking: bath of dilute sulphuric or nitric acid, etc.


hodad

Originally Californian surfer slang from the 1960s. Perhaps from the greeting Ho! Dad, though no evidence for this derivation is known. The suggestion that it derives from Western Hemisphere Spanish jodido (“fucked, difficult, annoying”) similarly lacks evidence; also the vowel change from -did to -dad is unexplained.

der

(surfing, slang, derogatory) Someone who comes to the beach and has a surfboard, but never surfs, or that surfs poorly and annoys the local seasoned surfers.


howitzer

Borrowed from Dutch houwitser, from German Haubitze, from Middle High German haufniz, from Czech houfnice, which was derived from houf (“flock, crowd”) + -nice. The Czech noun houf comes from Middle High German hufe (“heap”), from Old High German hūfo.

Belgium took a little while to catch Scotland with the first of the howitzer blows, but when the first one landed there was a certainty of more. Many more.

2018 September 7, Tom English, “Scotland 0-4 Belgium”, in BBC Sport:

(sports, rugby, ice hockey) A powerfully hit shot.


scrum

French: scrum

Either a back-formation from or an apocopic form of scrummage, a variant of scrimmage.

en:all the forwards joined together in an organised way

(rugby) In rugby union or rugby league, all the forwards joined together in an organised way.

uztartze

(rugby) all the forwards joined together in an organised way


scrum

en-verb

scrum (third-person singular simple present scrums, present participle scrumming, simple past and past participle scrummed)

scrums (present singular third-person)
scrumming (participle present)
scrummed (participle past)
scrummed (past)


tweaker

From tweak + -er; the drug addict sense derives from the slang term tweak for methamphetamines, in reference to the punding behavior of addicts.


career

Mid 16th century, from French carrière (“road; racecourse”), from Italian carriera, from Old Occitan carreira, from Late Latin carrāria based on Latin carrus (“wheeled vehicle”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱr̥sós, from *ḱers- (“to run”); alternatively, from Middle French carriere, from Old Occitan.


upright

From Middle English upright, uppryght, upriht, from Old English upriht (“upright; erect”), from Proto-Germanic *upprehtaz, equivalent to up- + right. Cognate with Saterland Frisian apgjucht (“upright”), West Frisian oprjocht (“upright”), Dutch oprecht (“upright”), German Low German uprecht (“upright”), German aufrecht (“upright”), Swedish upprätt (“upright”), Icelandic uppréttur (“upright”).

muntant

any vertical part of a structure, especially one of the goal posts in sports

Chelsea improved, with Salomon Kalou denied by goalkeeper Wayne Hennessey and Didier Drogba hitting the upright.

2011 January 5, Mark Ashenden, “Wolverhampton 1 - 0 Chelsea”, in BBC:

Any vertical part of a structure.
(sports) A goal post.

Any vertical part of a structure.
A goal post.

(obsolete, hunting, dialect, British) The tips of the antlers of a young deer.


kitty litter

en-noun

kitty litter (usually uncountable, plural kitty litters)

[ˈkʰɪɾi ˈlɪɾɚ]

(motor racing, informal) A gravel trap (a large area of gravel used to slow cars that leave the track)


caddie

The noun is borrowed from Scots caddie (“military cadet; young man; ragamuffin; person engaged to run errands; person hired to assist a golfer”), from French cadet (“army cadet; younger sibling”), from capdet (“captain; chief”) (Gascony, archaic), from Late Latin capitettum, from Latin caput (“head”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kap- (“head”). Doublet of cadel, cadet, capital, capitellum, caudillo, and Kadet.
The verb is derived from the noun.

doublet

As caddy I had to carry the clubs, for there are four varieties almost everyone used, and some used more. Besides doing this, the caddy has to keep score of the number of strokes used, and watch and find each ball.

1897 (date written), Paul T. B. Ward, quotee, “19th Hole: The Readers Take Over”, in Sports Illustrated, volume 19, number 4, Chicago, Ill.: Time Inc., published 22 July 1963, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 60:

Then Carter Chapman picked out his putter, stepped confidently up to the ball, sighted once along the ground, and made his stroke. The ball rolled straight as a die toward the caddy who was holding the flag, and tinkled into the cup for a birdie three!

1921 March, Octavus Roy Cohen, “Follow Through”, in Munsey’s Magazine, volume LXXII, number 2, New York, N.Y.: The Frank A[ndrew] Munsey Company, […], →OCLC, page 370, column 1:

(by extension, golf, also attributively) A person hired to assist a golfer by carrying their golf clubs and providing advice.


caddie

en-verb

caddie (third-person singular simple present caddies, present participle caddying or caddieing, simple past and past participle caddied)

caddies (present singular third-person)
caddying (participle present)
caddieing (participle present)
caddied (participle past)
caddied (past)

We took turns caddying, one caddying, two playing. We went out across the river to the teeing ground of the first hole.

The next day the thirty-two qualifying players were paired off into sixteen sets of opponents. Charlotte was matched against a girl from California. After the first few minutes, the result was never in doubt. "Take it easy, miss," said the highly gratified Mr. Ogilvie, who was caddying for Charlotte. "You hold her in the hollow of your hand."

1917 July, George Weston, chapter VI, in The Apple-tree Girl: The Story of Little Miss Moses, who Led Herself into the Promised Land, Philadelphia, Pa., London: J[oshua] B[allinger] Lippincott Company, published 1918, →OCLC, page 100:

The scheme had been, if I remember, that after lunch I should go off and caddy for Honoria on a shopping tour down Regent Street; but when she got up and started collecting me and the rest of her things, Aunt Agatha stopped her.

1923 May 17, P[elham] G[renville] Wodehouse, “Introducing Claude and Eustace”, in The Inimitable Jeeves, Harmondsworth, Middlesex [London]: Penguin Books, published 1979, →ISBN, page 63:

(intransitive, golf) Chiefly followed by for: to serve as a caddie (noun sense 2) for a golfer.


green room

First appears c. 1701 in the writings of Colley Cibber.

Never quite got covered up, but stood in the doorway to the green room with the lip feathering over my shoulders several times

1996, Surfer Bob, archived from the original on 2005-12-30:

(surfing) The inside of a tube (cylindrical wave).


outer

From Middle English outre, outer, outter, uttre, from Old English ūtre, ūtera, ūterra (“outer”), equivalent to out + -er. Compare German äußere (“outer”), Danish ydre (“outer”), Swedish yttre (“outer”), Icelandic ytri (“outer”).

(sports) An uncovered section of the seating at a stadium or sportsground.


skipper

→ German: Skipper

From Middle English skippere, skyppere, scippere, borrowed from Middle Dutch scipper, schipper, from Old Dutch *skipāri, from Proto-Germanic *skipārijaz. Piecewise doublet of shipper, from ship + -er.

But even the return of skipper Steven Gerrard from a six-week injury layoff could not inspire Liverpool

2010 December 29, Sam Sheringham, “Liverpool 0-1 Wolverhampton”, in BBC:

(sports) The captain of a sports team such as football, cricket, rugby or curling.


skipper

From Middle English skippere, skyppare, equivalent to skip + -er.


fifth slip

(cricket) The slip fielding position beyond the fourth slip.


ECB

England and Wales Cricket Board
w:England and Wales Cricket Board

(cricket) Initialism of England and Wales Cricket Board, the governing body for the sport in England and Wales.


finger spin

left arm orthodox spin
left arm orthodox spin

(cricket) A style of bowling in which the bowler imparts spin to the ball by running his fingers down its side as he releases it; off spin for a right handed bowler and left arm orthodox spin for a left-handed one.


first session

(cricket) The session of a day's play between start of play and lunch.


fine leg

(cricket) A fielding position on the leg side, behind square and near the boundary.


first slip

(cricket) The slip fielding position closest to the wicket keeper


illegal

en-adj

illegal (comparative more illegal, superlative most illegal)

more illegal (comparative)
most illegal (superlative)

Borrowed from French illégal, from Medieval Latin illegalis, from Latin legalis, by surface analysis, il- + legal. In senses relating to immigration, via clipping from illegal alien or illegal immigrant.

(philately, of an issue printed for collectors) Totally fictitious, and often issued on behalf of a non-existent territory or country.


static line

(parachuting) The cord attached from the parachute pack to the plane, used to automatically deploy the parachute.


bando

(sports) A traditional Burmese martial art.


putting

en-noun

putting (usually uncountable, plural puttings)

(golf) A variety of golf in which balls are tapped into holes over short distances using a putter.


intensifier

From intensify + -er; from the most common use of such terms, to intensify an adjective.

(photography) A chemical agent used to intensify the lights or shadows of a photograph.

vahvistin

a chemical agent used to intensify the lights or shadows of a photograph


post

Inherited from Old English post (“pillar, door-post”) and Latin postis (“a post, a door-post”) through Old French. .

inh+

But they marginally improved after the break as Didier Drogba hit the post.

2010 December 29, Chris Whyatt, “Chelsea 1 - 0 Bolton”, in BBC:


post

→ Bulgarian: пост (post) (Internet)

→ Chinese: po, PO

Cantonese: pou¹

Mandarin: pōu

Min Nan: pho͘

→ French: post

→ Irish: post

→ Italian: post

→ Malay: pos

→ Maori: pōhi

→ Polish: post

→ Portuguese: post

→ Russian: пост (post)

→ Scottish Gaelic: post

→ Spanish: post

→ Swahili: posta

→ Welsh: post

Borrowed from Middle French poste, from Italian posta (“stopping-place for coaches”), feminine of posto (“placed, situated”).

der

Two of the receivers ran post patterns.

(American football) A moderate to deep passing route in which a receiver runs 10-20 yards from the line of scrimmage straight down the field, then cuts toward the middle of the field (towards the facing goalposts) at a 45-degree angle.


session

→ Japanese: セッション (sesshon)

→ Korean: 세션 (sesyeon)

→ Scottish Gaelic: seisean

From Middle English session, from Old French session, from Latin sessiō (“a sitting”), from sedeō (“sit”).

(cricket) Any of the three scheduled two hour playing sessions, from the start of play to lunch, from lunch to tea and from tea to the close of play.


forcing

en-noun

forcing (countable and uncountable, plural forcings)

(photography) An extension in the development time of an underexposed negative in order to bring out detail


highlight

The image blurred into the highlight, like something familiar seen beneath disturbed though clear water; he looked at the familiar image with a kind of quiet horror and despair, at a face suddenly older in sin than he would ever be, a face more blurred than sweet, at eyes more secret than soft.

1931, William Faulkner, Sanctuary, Library of America, published 1985, page 114:

(painting, photography) An area or a spot in a drawing, painting, or photograph that is strongly illuminated.

llum

strongly illuminated area in a drawing, painting, or photograph


first class

(cricket) Of or relating to a first class match.

első osztályú

cricket: relating to a first class match


MLS

Coordinate term: MLB

Major League Soccer
w:Major League Soccer

(soccer, US) Initialism of Major League Soccer, the top league of men's soccer in the US.


WS

WS (countable and uncountable, plural WSs)

(baseball) Initialism of World Series, a best of seven game series played annually to determine the championship of United States professional baseball.


replay

As late as 1971 he was still chasing silverware, helping Real reach the European Cup-Winners' Cup final where they were beaten in a replay by a Peter Osgood goal for Chelsea.

2008, Jimmy Greaves, Football's Great Heroes and Entertainers:

(sports) A replayed match, often after the first game or match ended in a draw; a rematch.


five-for

(cricket) The feat of a bowler taking five wickets in one innings


full toss

(cricket) A ball that does not bounce on the pitch before reaching the batsman.


fourth slip

(cricket) A fielding position to the off side of the third slip.


promote

en-verb

promote (third-person singular simple present promotes, present participle promoting, simple past and past participle promoted)

promotes (present singular third-person)
promoting (participle present)
promoted (participle past)
promoted (past)

denigrate

antonym(s) of “advocate or urge on behalf of”

From Latin prōmōtus, perfect passive participle of prōmoveō (“move forward, advance”).

At the end of the season, three teams are promoted to the Premier League.

(sports, usually in passive form) To elevate to a higher league.


vogue

en-noun

vogue (countable and uncountable, plural vogues)

First attested in 1565. Borrowed from Middle French vogue (“wave, course of success”), from Old French vogue, from voguer (“to row, sway, set sail”), from Old Saxon wogōn (“to sway, rock”), var. of wagōn (“to float, fluctuate”), from Proto-Germanic *wagōną (“to sway, fluctuate”) and Proto-Germanic *wēgaz (“water in motion”), from Proto-Germanic *weganą (“to move, carry, weigh”), from Proto-Indo-European *weǵʰ- (“to move, go, transport”) (compare way).
Akin to Old Saxon wegan (“to move”), Old High German wegan (“to move”), Old English wegan (“to move, carry, weigh”), Old Norse vaga (“to sway, fluctuate”), Old English wagian (“to sway, totter”), German Woge (“wave”), Swedish våg (“wave”). More at wag.
The dance derives its name from Vogue magazine.

cog

(dance) A highly stylized modern dance that evolved out of the Harlem ballroom scene in the 1960s.


French cut

(cricket) A batsman's shot in which the ball deflects off the inside edge of the bat and travels fine down the leg side behind the batsman and often travels to the boundary.


Hawk-Eye

From hawk + eye, a reference to the bird of prey's noted eyesight.

(cricket, tennis) A system, using six static television cameras and sophisticated computing, to track the path of the ball in flight.


follow on

en-verb

follow on (third-person singular simple present follows on, present participle following on, simple past and past participle followed on)

follows on (present singular third-person)
following on (participle present)
followed on (participle past)
followed on (past)

(cricket, of a team) To bat their second innings immediately after their first innings.


grubber

England had an early opportunity with a line-out deep in French territory after a clever grubber from Foden only for Lionel Nallet to burgle back possession, and they then tore into France again as Alexis Palisson was smashed backwards after taking a garryowen and Manu Tuilagi thundered into Morgan Parra.

2011, Tom Fordyce, Rugby World Cup 2011: England 12-19 France:

Take that brilliant backline move off a scrum when Kolbe came off his left wing to put in a neat grubber for Arendse on the right wing to almost round the defense in the corner.

2023 October 28, Leighton Koopman, “YES!!! The Springboks beat the All Blacks to win another Rugby World Cup title”, in Independent Online:

(rugby) An attacking short-distance kick in behind the defence in which the ball is bounced along the ground, using the uneven bounce of the ball to make it difficult for the defence to retrieve.

(cricket) A ball that bounces unusually low such that it is difficult for the batsman to hit properly.


spindel

1568, William Turner quoted by Richard Mabey in "Flora Britannica", London, 1996, p244.
I haue sene this tree oft tymes in England and in moste plentye betwene Ware and Barkwaye, yet for al that I coulde neuer learne an Englishe name for it: the Duche men call it in Netherlande Spilboome that is Spindel tree, because they vse to make Spindels of it in that countrey and me thinke it may be so wel named in English.

(spinning) The rod made from the above used in the spinning of wool and other natural fibres.


reduction

en-noun

reduction (countable and uncountable, plural reductions)

From Middle English reduccion, a borrowing from Old French reducion, from Latin reductiō, reductiōnem.

The final stage of thickness reduction (typically 90% from about 2mm to <0.2mm) is carried out by cold rolling.

2016, Gordon L. Robertson, Food Packaging Principles and Practice, 3rd edition, page 191:

(metalworking) The ratio of a material's change in thickness compared to its thickness prior to forging and/or rolling.


Louis

From French Louis, from Middle French Loïs, Loïc, &c., from Old French Looïs, Luis, Lodhuvigs, Lodevis, Lodhwig, &c., from Latin Ludovicus, from Clodovicus, from Frankish *Hlūdawīg, from Proto-Germanic *hlūdaz (“loud; famous”) + *wīgą (“battle”).
Doublet of Lewis and, more remotely, Aloysius, Luis, Ludwig, Luigi, and Clovis.
Remotely related to Slav and related terms through the Proto-Indo-European *ḱlew- (“to hear, be heard; famous”) root.

der

It was a strange collection, like Billy Bones’s hoard for the diversity of coinage, but so much larger and so much more varied that I think I never had more pleasure than in sorting them. English, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Georges, and Louises, doubloons and double guineas and moidores and sequins, […]

1881–1882, Robert Louis Stevenson, Treasure Island, London; Paris: Cassell & Company, published 14 November 1883, →OCLC:

(historical numismatics) Alternative letter-case form of louis: various gold and silver coins issued by the French kings.


good length

(cricket) The area on a pitch considered to be the best place to pitch the ball in order to either get the batsman out, or restrict him from scoring; the length at which the ball bounces just too far away for it to be comfortably played either on the front foot or the back foot.


standing

en-noun

standing (countable and uncountable, plural standings)

→ German: Standing

From Middle English standyng, stonding, stondung, from Old English *standung, equivalent to stand + -ing.

After their last win, their standing went up three places.

(sports) The position of a team in a league or of a player in a list.

класиране

the position of a team in a league or of a player in a list


crank

From Dutch or Low German krank, ultimately from Proto-West Germanic *krank, from Proto-Germanic *krangaz, *krankaz (“bent; weak”). Cognate with Scots crank, krank, German krank (“sick”).

(archaic, baseball, slang, 1800s) A baseball fan.


facial

Early 17th century, borrowed from Medieval Latin faciālis (“face-to-face, direct, open”), from faciēs (“form, configuration, figure; face, visage, countenance”) + -ālis (“-al”, adjectival suffix).

af

(slang, sports) (in some contact sports) A foul play which involves one player hitting another's face.


lantern

→ Bengali: লন্ঠন (lonṭhon)

Hindi: लालटेन (lālṭen)

→ Irish: laindéar

→ Malay: lentera

Indonesian: lentera

→ Telugu: లాంతరు (lāntaru)

From Middle English lanterne (13th century), via Old French lanterne from Latin lanterna (“lantern”), itself a corruption of Ancient Greek λαμπτήρ (lamptḗr, “torch”) (see lamp, λάμπω (lámpō)) by influence of Latin lucerna (“lamp”). The spelling lanthorn was current during the 16th to 19th centuries and originates with a folk etymology associating the word with the use of horn as translucent cover. For the verb, compare French lanterner to hang at the lamppost. Displaced native Old English lēohtfæt (literally “light-container”).

ncog

(metalworking) A perforated barrel to form a core upon.


spacefiller

(philately) A stamp in poor condition used to fill a space in an album until a better quality example becomes available, or if the better example is prohibitively expensive.


Maltese cross

(gymnastics) A position on the rings where the gymnast's body is horizontal and straight, with arms to the side; a horizontal planche.


Bunsen

(cricket, informal, rhyming slang) A turner (a pitch on which the ball turns easily)


narc

en-verb

narc (third-person singular simple present narcs, present participle narcing, simple past and past participle narced)

narcs (present singular third-person)
narcing (participle present)
narced (participle past)
narced (past)

(underwater diving, slang) To suffer from impaired judgment due to nitrogen narcosis (for example, while scuba diving).


gully

→ French: gollé

→ German: Gully

Origin uncertain. Possibly from a variant of Middle English golet (“esophagus, gullet”), from Old French goulet, from Latin gula (“throat”). Shift in meaning in Middle English to "water channel, ravine" may have been influenced by Middle English gylle, gille, galle (“deep narrow valley, ravine”); see gill.
Alternatively, from a diminutive of dialectal gull (“fissue, chasm”) + -y (diminutive suffix). See gull, gullick.

unc

uncertain

inh

(cricket) A fielding position on the off side about 30 degrees behind square, between the slips and point; a fielder in such a position


conversion

en-noun

conversion (countable and uncountable, plural conversions)

From Middle English conversion, conversioun, borrowed from Anglo-Norman conversion, from Latin conversiō, from convertō.

обръщане

the act of having converted something or someone

המרת דת

to replace one religious faith with another

(rugby) A free kick, after scoring a try, worth two points.

(American football) An extra point (or two) scored by kicking a field goal or carrying the ball into the end zone after scoring a touchdown.


handled the ball

(cricket) Describing a way of getting out in which the batsman deliberately touches the ball with the hand not holding the bat.


grand slam

SWR has more than its fair share of major national events. As well as the [Queen's] funeral and the coronation in the past 12 months, annual events include racing at Ascot, grand slam tennis at Wimbledon, and rugby internationals at Twickenham.

2023 July 26, Paul Clifton, “A (safe and secure) Day at the Races...”, in RAIL, number 988, page 35:

(sports) The winning of all available, major or specified events in a given year or sports season.

grand chelem

(sports) the winning of all the major or specified events

(baseball) The hitting of a home run with the bases loaded.

gran eslam

(baseball) a home run with the bases loaded

(motor racing) The situation in which a racer starts from pole position, then wins first place while leading during the entire race, while also recording the fastest lap of the race.


Grand Slam

(British, soccer) winning in each of the three UEFA cups - UEFA Champions League, UEFA Europa League and Cup Winners' Cup (defunct).

(tennis) The four biggest competitions of the year: Wimbledon, the French Open, Australian Open and the US Open

(rugby) Victory in every game in the Six Nations competition between England, Wales, Scotland, Ireland, France and Italy

(rugby) Victory by a Southern Hemisphere national team over all of the Home Nations—England, Wales, Scotland, and Ireland—in a single tour

(golf) The four (or five) biggest competitions of the year; see Grand Slam (golf) on Wikipedia.

(Philippines, basketball) winning in each of the three Philippine Basketball Association (PBA) tournaments, each called locally a conference, in a season; see Grand Slam (PBA) on Wikipedia.


prunt

Unknown. Akin to English print, Scots prent (“a print”), Dutch prent (“a print”).

(glassblowing) A small piece of glass fused to the main body of a piece of glasswork and then shaped or pressed, for decoration


territory

territory (countable and uncountable, plural territories)

/ˈtɛɹɪˌtɔɹi/

Inherited from Middle English territorie, from Latin territōrium.

inh+

Scotland had the territory and the momentum, forcing England into almost twice as many tackles and rattling them repeatedly at set-pieces.

2011 October 1, Tom Fordyce, “Rugby World Cup 2011: England 16-12 Scotland”, in BBC Sport:

(sports and games) The part of the playing field or board over which a player or team has control.


half volley

(sports) A stroke, in ball sports, in which the ball is hit immediately after it bounces off the ground

(cricket) A delivery that bounces just short of the blockhole


quarterfinal

(sports) One of the four competitions in a knockout tournament whose winners go on to play in the two semifinals.

çerekfinale

competition in a tournament whose winners go on to play in the two semifinals


impresa

1613, John Webster, “A Monumental Column, A Funeral Elegy” in Three Elegies on the most lamented Death of Prince Henrie, London: William Welbie,
My impresa to your lordship; a swan
Flying to a laurel for shelter.

[…] or to describe Races and Games,
Or tilting Furniture, emblazon’d Shields,
Impreses quaint, Caparisons and Steeds;

1674, John Milton, Paradise Lost^(https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Paradise_Lost_(1674)/Book_IX), Book 9, lines 33-35:

(heraldry) A device on a shield or seal, or used as a bookplate etc.


heavy roller

Thommo pointed out on the radio that under normal circumstances the wicket retains moisture beneath a hard surface, and this water is brought to the surface by the heavy roller and causes problems on the first day of a game.

2003, David Mortimer, Classic Cricket Clangers, page 179:

(cricket) The heavier of the rollers used for flattening the pitch between innings.


hit wicket

(cricket) Describing a method of dismissal of a batsman (out) in which the batsman hits his own wicket either with the bat or his body, usually while attempting to play the ball.


rebus

en-noun

rebus (plural rebuses or (rare) rebusses or (hypercorrect, rare) rebi)

rebuses (plural)
rebusses (plural rare)
rebi (hypercorrect plural rare)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-rebus.wav

Gilles Ménage
Oxford English Dictionary
Prince Andrew, Duke of York
Princess Beatrice
Sarah, Duchess of York

From French rébus (“rebus (puzzle); ambiguity; word used in an oblique sense; unintelligible remark”), or directly from its probable etymon Latin rēbus, the ablative plural of rēs (“object, stuff, thing; issue, matter, subject, topic”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *reh₁ís (“goods; wealth”). The connection between the English word and its Latin etymon is unclear.
further etymology
The following possibilities have been suggested, but according to the Oxford English Dictionary are problematic:
* According to the French scholar Gilles Ménage (1613–1692) in Les origines de la langue françoise (The Origins of the French Language, 1650), it is taken from the phrase de rebus quae geruntur (“concerning the things that are taking place”) which was used in 16th-century Picardy as the name for satirical writings on contemporary subjects containing picture-riddles that were composed for an annual carnival. However, the term rebus de Picardie is first attested later than the word rébus, and so could simply refer to rebuses popular in Picardy at the time.
* Alternatively, it could be from the phrase nōn verbīs sed rēbus meaning “not by words but by things”, but this “encounters difficulties in the chronology of the senses in French”.

der

Coordinate term: cant

The prior [Will Bolton] used to come out here to hunt in summer and recreate himself, and his rebus—a barrel or tun shot through with a crossbow bolt—is set into the garden walls.

2020 March 5, Hilary Mantel, “Salvage: London, Summer 1536”, in The Mirror & the Light, London: 4th Estate, →ISBN, page 122:

(specifically, heraldry) An arrangement of pictures on a coat of arms which suggests the name of the person to whom it belongs.


console

Borrowed from French console (“bracket”, noun), from consoler (“to console, to comfort”, verb).
Sense of “bracket” either due to a bracket alleviating the load, or due to brackets being decorated with the Christian figure of a consolateur (“consoler”), itself perhaps a pun on the first sense (alleviating load).
Originally used for the bracket itself, then for wall-mounted tables (mounted with a bracket), then for free-standing tables placed against a wall. Use for control system dates at least to 1880s for an “organ console”; use for electrical or electronic control systems dates at least to 1930s in radio, television, and system control, particularly as “mixer console” or “control console”, attached to an equipment rack. This was popularized in computers by mainframes such as the IBM 704 (1954) in terms such as “operator’s console” or “console typewriter”, and then generalized to any attached equipment, particularly for user interaction. The automotive sense harks back to earlier use as “support”.

On an attractive console with two winged putti as supporters [...] is a marriage coat of arms : Dexter, the Paoli arms : Gules (base), a bend azure charged with five lilies gules, and or (chief); Sinister, the[…]

1919, Allan Marquand, Robbia Heraldry, page 60:

The only authentic reference for the tincture of the shield still in existence is the armorial console in Jacques Coeur's chapel[…]

1994, James H. Marrow, François Avril, The Hours of Simon de Varie, Getty Publications, →ISBN, page 134:

(heraldry) A decorative frame or support (in architecture, drawings, etc) around a heraldic shield.


gobble

From Middle English gobben (“to drink or swallow greedily”), of uncertain origin + -le (frequentative suffix). Middle English gobben is perhaps an alteration of Middle English globben (“to gulp down”), related to English gulpen (“to gulp”). However, compare also French gober.

(golf) A rapid straight putt so strongly played that, if the ball had not gone into the hole, it would have gone a long way past.


backhander

From backhand + -er (patient suffix) or -er (agent noun suffix).

(racquet sports) A shot played backhand, a backhand stroke.

She's a terrific backhander.

(racquet sports) A player who plays a backhand shot.

The morning brought an increased swell; long, perfect, down-the-line, 6-8' freight trains — a forehander's dream and a backhander's nightmare

(surfing) A surfer who approaches a swell with the wave behind them ("on their backhand") rather than facing the wave ("on their forehand").


fistmele

From fist + mele, variant of meal (“measure”), from Old English mæl.

(archery) A traditional unit of distance equal to the width of a clenched fist with the thumb extended (approx. 6½ inches or 16½ centimetres).


vantage

en-noun

vantage (countable and uncountable, plural vantages)

/ˈvɑːntɪd͡ʒ/

From Middle English vantage, by apheresis from advantage; see advantage.

(dated, tennis) Alternative form of advantage (score after deuce)


edition

From French édition, from Latin ēditiō, from ēdere (“to publish”).

The 2014 edition of the Tour de France started in Leeds, Yorkshire.

(sports) A particular instance of an event.


hit the ball twice

head

hit the ball twice (phrasal noun, uncountable)

34. Hit the ball twice

1992, Tony Pocock, Official Rules of Sports & Games, 1992-93, page 392:

Law 34 (Hit the ball twice) ...

2003, Marylebone Cricket Club, The official laws of cricket: Law 34 (Hit the ball twice) [online version], archived from the original on 2009-02-20:

5 Hit the ball twice - lf a striker sees that the ball, which has just been hit, is going to be caught, it would be unfair to hit the ball for a second time.

2006, Julia Hickey, Understanding Cricket:

(cricket) A rule ("law" in cricket) which when invoked results in the dismissal of a batsman (out), whereby the batsman has deliberately hit the ball with his bat a second time for a reason other than to protect his wicket.


orthochromatic

(photography) Sensitive to all colours except red


hat trick

From hat + trick (“element of a magician’s or variety entertainer’s act; entertaining and difficult physical action”, noun). Sense 2 (“achievement of a bowler taking three wickets in three consecutive balls”)—the original sporting sense—refers to the commemorative hat formerly given as a prize to the bowler by his club.

هاتريك

three achievements in a single game, competition, season, etc.

שלושער m (shloshá'ar, literally “three-gate or goal”)

གསུམ་སྦྲགས (gsum sbrags, literally “pack-of-three”)

Jones got a hat trick yesterday. Let’s see if he can do better today.

(cricket) An achievement of a bowler taking three wickets in three consecutive balls.

(by extension, sports) Three achievements in a single game, competition, season, etc., such as three consecutive wins.

(specifically, baseball, ironic) The act of striking out three times in a game.

In ice hockey, it’s customary for fans to throw their hats on to the rink after a player scores a hat trick.

(specifically, ice hockey, soccer) Three goals scored by one player in a game.

(specifically, rugby) Three tries scored by one player in a game.

Ever heard of a Gordie Howe hat trick? It comprises a goal, an assist, and a fighting major penalty.

The car salesman came home with front-row seats to the weekend game after achieving a hat trick by selling three cars that day.

And with the debut of his new series Hyperion Bay in 1998, [Joseph] Dougherty accomplished the rare "hat trick" in television: the pilot was written, executive-produced, and codirected by Dougherty.

2002, Douglas Heil, “From Office Temp to ‘Hat Trick’ Showrunner: Interview with Joseph Dougherty”, in Prime Time Authorship: Works about and by Three TV Dramatists (The Television Series), Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press, →ISBN, page 129:

Three murders in less than two weeks. That's a hat trick.

2015, Les Roberts, “Milan”, in The Ashtabula Hat Trick (A Milan Jacovich/Kevin O’Bannion Mystery), Cleveland, Oh.: Gray & Company, →ISBN, page 51:

In these modern cities, anti-infection measures had to be imposed from the top down, by a central authority. To pull this off, the authority required three things: the ability to identify cases in a timely fashion, and so determine the infection's direction of travel; an understanding of how the disease spread (by water? air? insect vector?), and hence the measures that were likely to block it; and some means of ensuring compliance with those measures. When all three of these ingredients – which we'll describe in more detail in the following sections – were in place, containment could be extremely effective, but a hat-trick was rare.

2017 May, Laura Spinney, “Chalking Doors with Crosses”, in Pale Rider: The Spanish Flu of 1918 and How It Changed the World, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: PublicAffairs, published September 2017, →ISBN, part 4 (The Survival Instinct), page 91:

(by extension, generally) Three achievements or incidents that occur together, usually within a certain period of time.

hattutemppu

three achievements or incidents that occur together, usually within a certain period of time


tanker

I swung the tanker around just in time to take off with the lip.


volley

→ Cantonese: 窩利／窝利 (wo¹ lei⁶⁻²)

→ German: Volley

→ Polish: wolej

→ Portuguese: vólei

From Middle French volée (“flight”), from Vulgar Latin volta, from Late Latin volatus.

(sports) The flight of a ball just before it bounces.

But there was nothing he could do about Villa's second when Agbonlahor crossed from the left and Bent finished with a precision volley.

2011 October 1, John Sinnott, “Aston Villa 2–0 Wigan”, in BBC Sport:

(sports) A shot in which the ball is played before it hits the ground.

воле́

(cricket) A sending of the ball full to the top of the wicket.


volley

en-verb

volley (third-person singular simple present volleys, present participle volleying, simple past and past participle volleyed)

volleys (present singular third-person)
volleying (participle present)
volleyed (participle past)
volleyed (past)

Boudewijn Zenden hit the post from 25 yards for the home side before Jody Craddock volleyed Wolves ahead from 10 yards against his former club.

2011 May 14, Peter Scrivener, “Sunderland 1–3 Wolverhampton”, in BBC Sport:

(sports, transitive) To hit the ball before it touches the ground

lyödä lentolyönti

to hit the ball before it touches the ground

lyödä ilmasta

in tennis and other racquet and club games


retrieve

retrieve (third-person singular simple present retrieves, present participle retrieving, simple past and past participle retrieved)

retrieves (present singular third-person)
retrieving (participle present)
retrieved (participle past)
retrieved (past)

Recorded in Middle English c. 1410 as retreve (altered to retrive in the 16th century; modern form is from c. 1650), from Middle French retruev-, stem of Old French retrover (“to find again”, modern retrouver), itself from re- (“again”) + trover (“to find”), probably from Vulgar Latin *tropāre (“to compose”).

der

modern <i class="Latn mention" lang="fr">retrouver</i>

(sports, transitive) To make a difficult but successful return of the ball.


bottom of the ninth

Bottom, from the home team's location below visitors on the scoreboard; ninth from the number of innings in a baseball game.

Hitting a home run with the bases loaded in the bottom of the ninth let the home team finish ahead of the visitors.

(baseball) The second part of the ninth and final inning; the end of the game.


billet

From Middle English billet, bylet, belet, billette, from Old French billette, from bille (“log, tree trunk”), from Vulgar Latin *bilia, probably of Gaulish origin (compare Old Irish bile (“tree”)).

(heraldry) A rectangle used as a charge on an escutcheon.


spindle

From Middle English spyndel, spindle, spyndylle, from Old English spindle, spindel, alteration of earlier spinel, spinil, spinl (“spindle”), from Proto-West Germanic *spinnilu (“spindle”), equivalent to spin + -le. Cognate with Scots spindil, spinnell (“spindle”), Dutch spindel ("spindle"; < Middle Dutch spille, spinle), German Spindel (“spindle”), Danish spindel (“spindle”), Swedish spindel (“spindle”).

gloss

Anna Pavlovna’s soirée was now in full swing. On all sides the spindles were humming away non-stop.

2005 [1868–9], Anthony Briggs, transl., War and Peace, Penguin Classics, translation of Война́ и миръ by Leo Tolstoy, Volume I, Part 1, Chapter 3, page 13:

(spinning) A rod used for spinning and then winding fibres (especially wool), usually consisting of a shaft and a circular whorl positioned at either the upper or lower end of the shaft when suspended vertically from the forming thread.


gravel

en-noun

gravel (usually uncountable, plural gravels)

From Middle English gravel, grauel, from Old French gravele, diminutive of grave (“gravel, seashore”), from Medieval Latin grava, ultimately from Proto-Celtic *grāwā (“gravel, pebbles”) (compare Breton groa, Cornish grow, Welsh gro), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰroh₁weh₂, from *gʰreh₁w- (“to grind”). Compare also Old English græfa (“coal”).

(uncountable, cycling) Gravel cycling, a discipline in cycling different from road cycling, mountain biking or cyclocross, for a large part on gravel roads, typically with a dedicated gravel bike.


bogus

en-adj

bogus (comparative more bogus, superlative most bogus)

more bogus (comparative)
most bogus (superlative)

First attested as an underworld term for an apparatus for creating counterfeit coins, then the coins themselves. Later, the word was applied to anything of poor quality. The newest use to mean useless is probably from the slang of computer hackers.
The origin is unknown, but there are at least two theories that try to trace its origin:
* From Hausa boko (“to fake”). Since bogus first appeared in the United States, it may be possible that its ancestor was brought there on a slave ship.
* From criminal slang as a short form of tantrabogus, a 19th-century slang term for a menacing object, making some believe that bogus might be linked to bogy or bogey (see bogeyman). In this sense, Bogus might be related to Bogle – a traditional trickster from the Scottish Borders, noted for achieving acts of household trickery; confusing, but not usually damaging.

Bogus stamps are labels made to deceive stamp collectors. Many bogus stamps were made prior to 1900 when some had names of imaginary countries.

1962, Douglas Patrick, The International Guide to Stamps and Stamp Collecting: Includes the Answers to 1200 Questions Most Often Asked about Stamps:

(philately) Of a totally fictitious issue printed for collectors, often issued on behalf of a non-existent territory or country (not to be confused with forgery, which is an illegitimate copy of a genuine stamp).


overlap

From over- + lap.
Cognate with Dutch overlap.

(rugby) a situation in the game where an attacking line has more players in it than the defensive line coming to meet it. The attacking side may exploit the overlap by using their superior numbers to break the opposition's defensive line. If attackers outnumber defenders by more than one player this is often termed a two man overlap or three man overlap, etc. If the attacking side fails to break through usually due to poor execution, they are said to waste an overlap.


Viking

Borrowed from Old Norse víkingr (“Viking”). Already in Old English as wīċing and Old Frisian wītsing, but assumed extinct in Middle English and borrowed anew in the 19th century; any survivals in dialect through the Middle Ages are unknown.
Old Norse víkingr itself is from Old Norse vík (“inlet, cove, fjord”) + -ingr (“one belonging to, one who frequents”) (the -r is the nominative desinence). Thus, “one from or who frequents the sea’s inlets”.
The Old English and Anglo-Frisian form, existing since at least the eighth century, could also have been derived from or influenced by Old English wīc (“camp”), on account of the temporary encampments which were often a prominent feature of the Vikings’ raids.
Others proposals were made, like e.g. deriving víkingr from the root related to the verb víkja or deriving both English and Old Norse words to *wīkingaz related to víkja or wīc.

أُرْدَمَانِيّ

One of the Scandinavian seafaring warriors

(American football) A player on the Minnesota Vikings NFL team.


SAS

(sports) Initialism of San Antonio Spurs, American basketball club.


off the hook

That's five three-pointers in a row! Smith is off the hook!

(idiomatic, informal, sports) Performing extraordinarily well.


pommel

From Middle English pomel, from Old French pomel and Medieval Latin pomellum, pumellum, presumedly via Vulgar Latin *pomellum (“ball, knob”), the diminutive of Late Latin pōmum (“apple”). Compare French pommeau and Spanish pomo.

The player, armed with a pommel, stands from two to three feet from the spell, places a knur in the cup which is held down by the rack.

1871, Edmund Routledge, Routledge's Every Boy's Annual:

The commonest method of playing the game, by the smaller boys of the village, was with a "sendstick," or pommel, and a wooden spell with a hole in one end to place the knur, which, when struck "tip-cat" like at the other end, threw the knur up to be struck at.

1886, William Smith, Morley: Ancient and Modern:

Next, the spring of the spell, at the end of which is a small brass cup to hold the knur, is adjusted by thumbscrews, so that when released by a touch of the pommel on the trigger, it will toss the knur a distance of six feet forward.

1911, The Encyclopaedia of sport & games, volume 3:

(sports, obsolete) The bat used in the game of knurr and spell or trap ball.


Scott

(philately, US, Canada) The Scott catalogue of postage stamps.


herald

From Middle English herald, herauld, heraud, from Anglo-Norman heraud, from Old French heraut, hiraut (modern French héraut), from Frankish *heriwald, from Proto-Germanic *harjawaldaz, a compound consisting of Proto-Indo-European *ker- (“army”) + *h₂welh₁- (“to be strong”). Compare Walter, which has these elements reversed.

Rouge Dragon is a herald at the College of Arms.

(heraldry) An official whose speciality is heraldry, especially one between the ranks of pursuivant and king-of-arms

သံတော်ဆင့်

an official whose speciality is heraldry


off-season

Alternating off-season and precontest cycles in bodybuilding over a period of years will result in the relatively quick development of a championship physique.

1983, Joe Weider, The Weider System of Bodybuilding, page 4:

That’s why virtually nothing should be off the table this offseason, including the idea of improving at quarterback.

2023 April 5, Jeff Howe, “In Belichick’s pursuit of glory, nothing is off the table, even idea of trading Mac Jones”, in The Athletic:

(sports) A period of time when regular competitions are not being held, or when an athlete is not participating in competitions.


terrace chant

(sports) A phrase or song chanted at a football match or other sports event.


baseline

The umpire missed the call. The ball hit the baseline.

(tennis) The line at the farthest ends of the court indicating the boundary of the area of play.

底线

tennis: chalk line at the farthest ends of the court


baseline

en-verb

baseline (third-person singular simple present baselines, present participle baselining, simple past and past participle baselined)

baselines (present singular third-person)
baselining (participle present)
baselined (participle past)
baselined (past)

By the time Maggie, who is eight years younger than Manuela, started playing, baselining was no longer enough to win points, so she learned to move around the court more …

2002, Susan Orlean, The Bullfighter Checks Her Makeup, →ISBN, page 260:


crotch

Of disputed origin; two possibilities seem likely:
* From Middle English croche, variant of crucche (“crutch”); compare crook.
* From Middle English croche, variant of crouche (“cross, crozier”).

could eat the crotch out of a low flying duck

(billiards) In the three-ball carom game, a small space at each corner of the table.


turner

From Middle English turner, torner, tornere, turnere, turnare, equivalent to turn + -er. Also from Middle English turnour, tornour, tournour, turnoure, from Old French tornour, tourneour, tourneur, tornëor (“one who fashions something by turning”).

(cricket) A very dry pitch on which the ball will turn with ease.


turner

(sports) An acrobat or gymnast, especially (historical) a member of the German Turnvereine, German-American gymnastic clubs that also served as nationalist political groups.


couloir

Borrowed from French couloir (literally “corridor”).

Those deep, dark slots in a mountain known as couloirs are often the most obvious routes of ascent.

1978, Yvon Chouinard, Climbing Ice, page 145:

Looking up the face I could see directly into the Japanese and Hornbein couloirs, an almost direct 9000 feet to the summit.

1987, Roger Marshall, AdventureSport: Everest and Me: Backpacker, page 42:

Ascend a long, easy snow couloir back left to the crest of Cassin Ridge at 17700 feet, where there is a campsite.

1998, R. J. Secor, Denali Climbing Guide, page 99:

2002, American Alpine Club Safety Committee, Alpine Club of Canada Safety Committee, Accidents in North American Mountaineering, Issue 55, page 58,
When they approached the couloir shortly before 0300, the snow was firm enough for them to use crampons.

(climbing, skiing) A steep gorge along a mountainside.


jog

jog (third-person singular simple present jogs, present participle jogging, simple past and past participle jogged)

jogs (present singular third-person)
jogging (participle present)
jogged (participle past)
jogged (past)

Late Middle English, of uncertain origin. Originally with the meaning of "to shake up and down".
Perhaps an early alteration of English shog (“to jolt, shake; depart, go”), from Middle English shoggen, schoggen (“to shake up and down, jog”), from Middle Dutch schocken (“to jolt, bounce”) or Middle Low German schoggen, schocken (“to shog”), ultimately from Proto-West Germanic *skokkan (“to move, shake, tremble”). More at shock.
Alternatively from Middle English joggen, a variant of jaggen (“to pierce, prod, stir up, arouse”) (see jag).

der

(I saw her jogging in the forest yesterday.)

(exercise, intransitive) To move at a pace between walking and running, to run at a leisurely pace.


closer

From Middle English closere, equivalent to close (verb) + -er.

They brought their closer in for the ninth.

(baseball) A relief pitcher who specializes in getting the last three outs of the game.


officiate

en-verb

officiate (third-person singular simple present officiates, present participle officiating, simple past and past participle officiated)

officiates (present singular third-person)
officiating (participle present)
officiated (participle past)
officiated (past)

Circa 17th century, from Latin officiātus, perfect passive participle of officiō (“conduct or perform religious services”), from Latin officium (“official duty, service”).

der

This is the second time he has officiated at a cup-final.

He's never officiated a cup-final before.

(intransitive, transitive, sports) To serve as umpire or referee.


forerunner

From Middle English forrenner, foreriner. Calque of Latin praecursor (“one who runs before, a forerunner”). Equivalent to fore- + runner and/or forerun + -er.

cal

(sports) By extension, a non-competitor who leads out the competitors on to the circuit, or who runs/rides the course prior to competitor trials, usually testing or checking the way.

(philately) A postage stamp used in the time before a region or area issues stamps of its own.


red card

→ Japanese: レッドカード (reddo kādo)

→ Korean: 레드카드 (redeukadeu)

In the 1994 FIFA World Cup, Argentine player Diego Maradona was given a red card for striking a US player Tab Ramos.

An off the ball incident led to N'Zogbia confronting Wilshere before leaning his head into the Englishman and giving referee Lee Probert no choice but to show the red card.

2010 December 29, Mark Vesty, “Wigan 2 - 2 Arsenal”, in BBC:

(sports) A card displayed by the referee when a player is sent off for a serious infringement of the rules.


send off

en-verb

send off (third-person singular simple present sends off, present participle sending off, simple past and past participle sent off)

sends off (present singular third-person)
sending off (participle present)
sent off (participle past)
sent off (past)

Down in the stands, Dean Thomas was yelling, "Send him off, ref! Red card!"

2004, Lana A. Whited, The Ivory Tower and Harry Potter: Perspectives on a Literary Phenomenon, →ISBN:

Fehily blows the whistle and Ronan's going, 'Think he has a nose bleed, Fadder,' and all the other parents are going, 'He struck him, referee! Send him off!' and Fehily's giving it, 'I didn't see the incident,' lying, of course, just like he used to lie for me.

2007, Ross O'Carroll-Kelly, Should Have Got Off at Sydney Parade, →ISBN:

England secured their place at Euro 2012 with a scrambled draw in Montenegro - but Wayne Rooney was sent off and will miss the start of the tournament.

2011, Phil McNulty, Euro 2012: Montenegro 2-2 England:

Just like he did when he reffed our clash with Chelsea when he failed to send off Eto'o for a kneehigh lunge on Henderson.

2014, Neil Collins, Make Us Dream: A Fan's View of the 2013/14 Season, →ISBN, page 271:

(sports) To show someone a red card, and dismiss them from the playing area.

wegsturen

sports, soccer: to give someone a red card


inner

outer

antonym(s) of “One who supports remaining in the EU”

From Middle English inner, ynner, ynnere, from Old English innera, comparative of inne (“within”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁en.

wicket-keeping gloves
wicket-keeping gloves

(cricket) A thin glove worn inside batting gloves or wicket-keeping gloves.


fumble

fumble (third-person singular simple present fumbles, present participle fumbling, simple past and past participle fumbled)

fumbles (present singular third-person)
fumbling (participle present)
fumbled (participle past)
fumbled (past)

Late Middle English, from Low German fummeln, fommeln, fammeln (German fummeln), or Dutch fommelen.
Or, perhaps from a Scandinavian/North Germanic source; compare related Old Norse fálma, Icelandic fálma, Danish fumle, especially Swedish fumla, famla, with variants: fumbla (“fumble”), fambla (“famble”), related to Swedish fim, fem (Danish fim, Norwegian fim, feima), with a root meaning of “cover, coating of foam or figuratively ditto”, cognate to German Feim (“surf”) and English foam. Possibly has (a more or less unconscious) connection to fathom (via Old Norse faðmr, Swedish famn) in the sense of “embrace”.
The ultimate origin for either could perhaps be imitative of fumbling. Or, from Proto-Indo-European *pal- (“to shake, swing”), see also Latin palpo (“I pat, touch softly”), and possibly Proto-West Germanic *fōlijan (“to feel”).

onomatopoeic

imitative

cog

Henderson's best strike on goal saw goalkeeper Kingson uncomfortably fumble his measured shot around the post.

2010 December 28, Owen Phillips, “Sunderland 0 - 2 Blackpool”, in BBC:

(transitive, intransitive, sports) To drop a ball or a baton etc. by accident.


fumble

onomatopoeic

imitative

(sports, American football, Canadian football) A ball etc. that has been dropped by accident.


gutter

Sranan Tongo: gotro

From Middle English gutter, guttur, goter, from Anglo-Norman guttere, from Old French goutiere (French gouttière), ultimately from Latin gutta (“drop”).

You can decide to use the bumpers to avoid the ball going down the gutter every time.

(bowling) A groove down the sides of a bowling lane.

(philately) An unprinted space between rows of stamps.

marginaali

philately: unprinted space between rows of stamps


natty

en-adj

natty (comparative more natty, superlative most natty)

more natty (comparative)
most natty (superlative)

natty gains

(slang, sports, particularly bodybuilding) Natural, as opposed to steroid enhanced.


natty

(slang, sports, particularly bodybuilding) Someone whose muscle gains are natural and not aided by the use of steroids.


on target

Everton went close late on but managed just one attempt on target all match.

2011 December 10, David Ornstein, “Arsenal 1 - 0 Everton”, in BBC Sport:


campus

en-verb

campus (third-person singular simple present campuses or campusses, present participle campusing or campussing, simple past and past participle campused or campussed)

campuses (present singular third-person)
campusses (present singular third-person)
campusing (participle present)
campussing (participle present)
campused (participle past)
campused (past)
campussed (participle past)
campussed (past)

Borrowed from Latin campus (“field”). Doublet of camp and champ.
First used in its current sense in reference to Princeton University in the 1770s.

It is climbed or "campused" with only your arms and hands.

2010, Stewart M. Green, Ian Spencer-Green, Knack Rock Climbing: A Beginner’s Guide, page 30:

Boulder campusing is a popular indoor training exercise among advanced climbers—it's also a heck of a lot of fun if you're strong enough to do it right!

2016, Eric Horst, The Rock Climber's Exercise Guide, page 159:

(climbing) To use a campus board, or to climb without feet as one would on a campus board.


twitch

en-noun

twitch (countable and uncountable, plural twitches)

From Middle English twicchen, from Old English *twiċċan, from Proto-West Germanic *twikkijan (“to nail, pin, fasten, clasp, pinch”).
Cognate with English tweak, Low German twikken, German Low German twicken (“to pinch, pinch off”), zweckōn and gizwickan (> German zwicken (“to pinch”)).

cog

THE TWITCH is a short stick of strong ash, about the size of a mopstick, with a hole pierced near the end, through which is passed a piece of strong but small cord, and tied in a loop large enough to admit the open hand freely.

1861, John Henry Walsh, The Horse in the Stable and in the Field:

(farriery) A stick with a hole in one end through which passes a loop, which can be drawn tightly over the upper lip or an ear of a horse and twisted to keep the animal quiet during minor surgery.


pavilion

From Middle English pavilloun, from Anglo-Norman pavilloun, from Latin pāpiliōnem, form of pāpiliō (“butterfly, moth”) (due to resemblance of tent to a butterfly’s wings), of unknown origin. Doublet of papillon.
Cognate to French pavillon (“pavilion”) and papillon (“butterfly”), and similar terms in other Romance languages.

(cricket) The building where the players change clothes, wait to bat, and eat their meals.

(heraldry) An ornate tent, used either as a charge or bearing, or surrounding a shield as or atop the mantling.


malparry

(fencing) A parry that insufficiently removes the incoming blade from the target area.


criterium

From French critérium (“competition”), from Latin critērium, from Ancient Greek κριτήριον (kritḗrion).

/kɹaɪˈtɪəɹiəm/

(cycling) A mass-start road-cycle race consisting of several laps around a closed circuit, the length of each lap or circuit ranging from about 1 km to 2 km (1/2 mile to just over 1 mile).

（自行車）繞圈賽

road-cycle race consisting of a closed circuit


multiplex

From multi- + -plex or multi- + complex.

(juggling) throwing motion where more than one ball is thrown with one hand at the same time.


multiplex

en-verb

multiplex (third-person singular simple present multiplexes, present participle multiplexing, simple past and past participle multiplexed)

multiplexes (present singular third-person)
multiplexing (participle present)
multiplexed (participle past)
multiplexed (past)


court fee

(philately) Adhesive stamps, attached to court papers to pay fees. Previously common in India and now popular with collectors.


quad

Shortened, via clipping or abbreviation, from various English terms. Ultimately related to Latin quattuor (“4”); compare quadri-, quadruple.
The typography senses are from the abbreviation quad. for obsolete quadrat; the keyboard command comes from the verb sense.

Something that is quadruple (four times) the usual amount, number, etc.

(skating) A quadruple, a jump with four revolutions in the air.


RAF

(motor racing) Abbreviation of Russian Automobile Federation.

The national identifier for Russians in international motorsport while Russia is under ban by the ruling of the Court of Arbitration for Sport supporting the ban enacted by the World Anti-Doping Agency.


roly-poly

en-noun

roly-poly (countable and uncountable, plural roly-polys or roly-polies)

roly-polys (plural)
roly-polies (plural)

/ˌɹəʊlɪˈpəʊli/

The noun is apparently derived from roll (“to turn over and over”) + -y (suffix forming adjectives with the sense ‘having the quality of’), reduplicated with a change of the initial consonant. Compare rolly (“having the ability to roll, rolling”, adjective), which is attested since the 19th century.
Sense 1.7 (“mischievous or worthless person”) is possibly influenced by poll (“head; (archaic) scalp; (by extension) person”).
The adjective and adverb are attested later than the noun, and so are probably derived from it.

rolly-pooly

game in which balls are rolled or bowled into holes

When you are finished with circle time, dismiss your children by helping each one do a roly-poly roll (a somersault) and roll away to their next activity.

1994, Patty Claycomb, “Roly-poly”, in Gayle Bittinger, editor, Bear Hugs for Circle Time: Positive Activities that Encourage Children to Pay Attention, Everett, Wash.: Warren Publishing House, →ISBN, page 14:

Children of this age can rarely complete a forward roll or somersault properly. […] A ‘roly poly’ roll or a tucked sideways roll will give the children just as much pleasure and also enough exercise and knowlege of turning and rolling at this stage of their development.

1997, Pauline Wetton, “Nursery Class Activities for the Primary School Hall”, in Physical Education in the Early Years (Teaching and Learning in the First Three Years at School), London, New York, N.Y.: Routledge, →ISBN, page 57:

(gymnastics) A forward roll or sideways roll.


BOB

(philately) Back-of-the-book; denoting those stamps in a catalogue that are not used for the payment of regular postage fees, and are displayed separately in the catalogue after that listing; the division between these two groups varies with the publisher.


opener

オープナー

baseball pitcher who starts the game, but is planned to have a short outing

(metalworking) A person employed to separate sheets of hot metal that become stuck together.

(cricket) A batsman who normally plays in the first two positions of an innings.

pelinavaaja

England were on the scoreboard after only one minute, Wilkinson, who missed five penalties in his side's opener against the Pumas, knocking over a three-pointer from bang in front, despite boos from the crowd.

2011 September 24, Ben Dirs, “Rugby World Cup 2011: England 67-3 Romania”, in BBC Sport:

(sports) The first game played in a competition.

The opener came from a Jarvis ball which struck Aleksandar Kolarov en route to a lively round of pinball between City players before it was poked in by Milijas.

2011 January 15, Saj Chowdhury, “Man City 4 - 3 Wolves”, in BBC:

(sports) The first goal or point scored.

(fishing) A period of time when it is legal to commercially fish.

The Rays debuted the opener—in which a reliever starts the game and throws anywhere from one to three innings, then gives way to a new pitcher, who will usually throw three to five as essentially a second starter—on May 19 against the Angels, using veteran righty Sergio Romo to pitch the first.

2018 August 23, Jon Tayler, “How the Tampa Bay Rays Reinvented the Concept of Starting Pitching”, in Sports Illustrated:

(baseball) A pitcher who specializes in getting the first outs of a game before being replaced, either by a long reliever or a pitcher who would normally start.


partial

From Middle English partiall, parcial, from Old French parcial (“biased or particular”), from Late Latin partiālis (“of or pertaining to a part”), from Latin pars (“part”).

der

Research tells us that eccentrics, heavy partials, and static exercise may require several days or weeks of recovery time.

2021, Edward L. Wallace, Omniflex: A Unified System of Strength Training:

(bodybuilding) The condition of not exhausting the amplitude during the repetition of an exercise.


spoiler

→ Catalan: espòiler

→ Czech: spoiler

→ French: spoiler

→ Georgian: სპოილერი (sṗoileri)

→ German: Spoiler

→ Italian: spoiler

→ Polish: spoiler

→ Portuguese: spoiler

→ Russian: спо́йлер (spójler)

→ Spanish: spoiler

→ Turkish: spoiler

→ Ukrainian: спо́йлер (spójler)

спо́йлер

automobiles: device to reduce lift and increase downforce

The optimism at the opening of the talks could not be dampened even by a few spoilers.

1994, Nelson Mandela, Long Walk to Freedom: The Autobiography of Nelson Mandela, London: Abacus, published 2010, page 713:

Several experts do not believe Jorgensen was a Trump “spoiler” in 2020.

2020 November 8, Victoria Bekiempis, “Was Libertarian candidate Jo Jorgensen a 'spoiler' for Trump?”, in The Guardian:

(US, chiefly politics, sports) A competitor, unable to win themselves, who spoils the chances of another’s victory.


gill

From Middle English gille, gylle (“gill”), of North Germanic origin, akin to Danish gælle, Swedish gäl, Norwegian gjelle, and further to Old Norse gjǫlnar (“lips”), which also may have had the meaning of "gills" (based on Old Danish fiskegæln (“gills”)). The Old Norse word has been suggested as deriving from Proto-Germanic *gelunō (“jaw”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰel-, which would make it root-cognate to Ancient Greek χελύνη (khelúnē, “lip, jaw”), χεῖλος (kheîlos, “lip”).
Displaced native Old English ċīe.

cog

(spinning) One of the combs of closely ranged steel pins which divide the ribbons of flax fiber or wool into fewer parallel filaments.


USS

(India, historical, philately) Initialism of United States of Saurashtra.


on foot

From Middle English on fote, from Old English on fōte (“on foot”), equivalent to on + foot.

(now rare, chiefly hunting) On the move; astir.


behind the arc

The Nimrods shot an amazingly futile 2-for-45 from behind the arc.

(basketball, informal) Outside the three-point line.


skip

en-verb

skip (third-person singular simple present skips, present participle skipping, simple past and past participle skipped)

skips (present singular third-person)
skipping (participle present)
skipped (participle past)
skipped (past)

From Middle English skippen, skyppen, of North Germanic origin, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *skupjaną, perhaps related to *skeubaną (“to drive, push”), iterative *skuppōną (“to push/move repeatedly, skip”), from Proto-Indo-European *skewbʰ- (“to push, throw, shake”).
Related to Icelandic skopa (“to take a run”), Old Swedish skuppa (“to skip”), modern dialectal Swedish skopa, skimpa (“to skip, leap”), and English shove. See also dialectal English skimp (“to mock”) (Etymology 1), considered by some to be related.

der

(knitting, crocheting) To pass by a stitch as if it were not there, continuing with the next stitch.

пропускам

knitting, crocheting: pass by a stitch as if it were not there


skip

Late Middle English skipper, borrowed from Middle Dutch and Middle Low German schipper (“captain”), earlier "seaman", from schip (“ship”).

(curling) The player who calls the shots and traditionally throws the last two rocks.


reverse layup

(basketball) A running in which the shooter dives under the basket and shoots the ball straight away from the basket.


scoop shot

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-scoop shot.wav

(basketball) A shot taken underhanded from an unusually low position (as though scooping up the ball).


double dribble

(basketball) A violation committed by dribbling for a second time without giving up possession of the ball.


macaroni

en-noun

macaroni (countable and uncountable, plural macaronis or macaronies)

→ Japanese: マカロニ (makaroni)

→ Korean: 마카로니 (makaroni)

→ Malay:

Arabic script: ماكاروني

Latin script: makaroni

→ Scottish Gaelic: macaroni

From Italian maccaroni, plural of maccarone, obsolete variant of maccheroni (“macaroni, fool”), of uncertain origin. Variously derived from late Byzantine Greek μακαρία (makaría, “food made from barley”), from Ancient Greek μακάριος (makários, “blessed, favored by the gods”), and from maccare (“to bruise, to crush”), archaic variant of ammaccare, from Latin maccāre (“to bruise, to crush”). Compare Sicilian maccarruni (“a single piece of macaroni”). As a fop, apparently from the British Macaroni Club rather than from Italian use of maccarone for fools and bumpkins. As a former form of currency, used to calque Spanish macuquino, 18th-century colonial Spanish slang for a similarly clipped coin.

cog

The silver coins are dollars (6s. 8d.), half dollars, and quarter dollars, or maccaronies as they are here popularly called.

1808, John Stewart, An Account of Jamaica..., page 59:

(countable, Caribbean, now historical, numismatics) A 19th-century quarter-silver dollar coin, typically a full 2-real coin or a quarter clipping of an 8-real coin from Central or South America.


crossover dribble

en-noun

crossover dribble (plural crossover dribbles)

(basketball) A maneuver in which a dribbling player rapidly switches the ball from one side to the other in order to move around a defender.

Coach's Clipboard Video Clips of basketball maneuvers


held ball

(basketball) A situation in which players of opposing teams both hold the ball, with neither clearly possessing it outright.


sweeper

From Middle English swepere, swepare, equivalent to sweep + -er. Cognate with Middle Low German swēpære, swēper (“broom for sweeping up debris”).

(soccer) A defender who is the last line of defence before the goalkeeper.

(curling) A person who sweeps the ice ahead of the rock in play.

(cricket) A batsman who plays sweep shots.

(cricket) A fielding position along the boundary; a fielder in this position.

(motor racing, slang) A large-radius, or high/medium speed corner in a racing circuit, named as such because of the ability of someone to trace the corner profile via "sweeping" motion of the arm.


lay-in

(basketball) A shot in which the ball is tossed directly into the basket from near the rim.


layup

(basketball) A close-range shot in which the shooter banks the ball off the backboard from a few feet away.


zoom lens

Now I’m looking at a flashback Sunday.
Zoom lens feelings just won’t disappear.
Close-up darkroom sweet-talk in my ear.

1981 October 26, The J. Geils Band (lyrics and music), “Freeze-Frame”, in Freeze-Frame:

(photography) A lens containing a mechanical assembly of inner lenses, allowing the focal length to be changed rapidly.

zoomlinse

lens whose focal length can be rapidly changed


foul out

A foul out was recorded on the scorecard.

His foul out sat poorly with the crowd.

(basketball) An instance of fouling out.


foul out

en-verb

foul out (third-person singular simple present fouls out, present participle fouling out, simple past and past participle fouled out)

fouls out (present singular third-person)
fouling out (participle present)
fouled out (participle past)
fouled out (past)

He fouled out to lead off the third.

(baseball) To become out by hitting a foul ball which is caught.

The center has fouled out with only two points.

(basketball) To be disqualified from further play for having committed too many fouls.


overt

From Middle English overt, uverte (“open, uncovered; unfastened; accessible, unobstructed; clear, manifest”), from Anglo-Norman overt, Middle French ouvert, Old French overt, ouvert, uvert (“opened”) (modern French ouvert), past participle of Anglo-Norman, Old French ovrir, ouvrir, uvrir (“to open”), from Late Latin operire, variant of Latin aperīre (“to open”), from aperiō (“to open, uncover”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó (“away; from”) + *h₂wer- (“to cover, shut”). The English word is a doublet of apert and ouvert.

der

Arg. an eagle rising wings overt inverted sa. armed or. HILTOFTE, V.

1874, John Woody Papworth, An Alphabetical Dictionary of Coats of Arms Belonging to Families in Great Britain and Ireland, page 298:


Mario

From Italian and Spanish Mario, both of which coming from Latin Marius.

(automotive, motor racing, figurative) Ellipsis of Mario Andretti (“one who drives fast or recklessly”).


cope

en-verb

cope (third-person singular simple present copes, present participle coping, simple past and past participle coped)

copes (present singular third-person)
coping (participle present)
coped (participle past)
coped (past)
cope (infinitive)

From Middle English coupen, from Old French couper (“to strike, to cut”).

the beak and talons should be closely coped

1856, John Henry Walsh, Manual of British Rural Sports:

(falconry) To clip the beak or talons of a bird.


touché

Borrowed from French touché, past participle of toucher (“to touch”). More at touch.


killer cancel

(philately) A cancellation mark that is so heavy that it defaces the postage stamp to which it is applied, devaluing it from a collector's point of view.


se-tenant

From French se tenant (“holding each other”), present participle of se tenir (“to hold each other”).

(philately) A set of postage stamps with differing values, colours, etc, but printed on the same sheet.


knockdown

en-noun

knockdown (countable and uncountable, plural knockdowns)

Pires, a three-time Cup winner with Arsenal who scored the Gunners' winner against Southampton in the 2003 final, has been a largely peripheral figure at Villa Park since joining in November - but the 37-year-old rolled back the years with a fine finish from Delfouneso's knockdown.

2011 January 29, Chris Bevan, “Aston Villa 3 - 1 Blackburn”, in BBC:

(soccer) a short pass played downwards, for example from the head onto someone's feet.


give up

en-verb

give up (third-person singular simple present gives up, present participle giving up, simple past gave up, past participle given up)

gives up (present singular third-person)
giving up (participle present)
gave up (past)
given up (participle past)

A good pitcher will give up very few home runs.

Fiers, who now pitches for the Oakland Athletics, has gone 27-12 with a no-hitter in two years since leaving the Astros. But the last time he faced them, on Sept. 9, he gave up nine runs, including five homers, and got just three outs.

2019 November 14, Tyler Kepner, “After Reports of Astros’ Cheating, M.L.B. Is Left to Restore Trust”, in The New York Times, New York, N.Y.: The New York Times Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-01-15:

(transitive, baseball) Of a pitcher: to allow a hitter to make (a certain play).


yellow card

→ Japanese: イエローカード (ierōkādo)

→ Korean: 옐로카드 (yellokadeu)

/ˈjɛl.əʊ ˌkɑːd/

association football
association football

(sports) a yellow-coloured card, shown to a player (especially in association football) as a caution that he or she has committed a flagrant foul; a further such foul would result in a red card.


traveling

(basketball) A violation committed by progressing while holding the ball instead of dribbling it.


knock up

knock up (third-person singular simple present knocks up, present participle knocking up, simple past and past participle knocked up)

knocks up (present singular third-person)
knocking up (participle present)
knocked up (participle past)
knocked up (past)

to knock up printed sheets

(bookbinding) To make even at the edges, or to shape into book form.


walkover

(sports) A bye or victory awarded to a competitor when a scheduled opponent fails to play a game.

luovutusvoitto

tennis: victory awarded when a scheduled opponent fails to play

(sports, chiefly) Someone easy to defeat.

(gymnastics) A backbend combined with a handstand.

souplesse

gymnastics: backbend combined with a handstand

(boxing) A match whose winner is declared because the other boxer does not appear in the ring within one minute of the official time.


waggle

From Middle English wagelen (attested in wagelyng), possibly a borrowing of Middle Low German wagelen; equivalent to wag + -le (“(frequentative)”). Compare continental equivalents Middle High German wacken ( > Danish vakle, German wackeln), Swedish vagla, West Frisian waggelje, Low German wackeln, Dutch waggelen.

(golf) The preliminary swinging of the club head back and forth over the ball in the line of the proposed stroke.


outright

outright (third-person singular simple present outrights, present participle outrighting, simple past and past participle outrighted)

outrights (present singular third-person)
outrighting (participle present)
outrighted (participle past)
outrighted (past)

From Middle English outright, equivalent to out + right.

Sandy Alomar Jr. cleared waivers and was outrighted to Class AA Binghamton in preparation for his promotion when rosters expand Saturday.

2007 August 30, Ben Shpigel, “Martínez to Audition for Mets’ Brain Trust”, in New York Times:

(sports) To release a player outright, without conditions.


glory hole

(glassblowing) A hole in the side of a furnace used to heat glass held on a metal rod.

(Canada, fishing) An especially good place to fish, a particularly rich fishing spot.


top shelf

* (US: best, or high quality): Possibly from the higher quality, thus more expensive, thus less often used liquors being stored on the less accessible top shelf behind a wet bar.
* (British: material with adult content): Such material is often stored on the top shelf in a newsagent's shop, where it is both less visible and harder to reach without being seen.

(Canada, ice hockey) The upper part of the goal.


kipper

en-adj

kipper (comparative more kipper, superlative most kipper)

more kipper (comparative)
most kipper (superlative)

From Old English cypera (“male salmon”), perhaps related to Old English coper (“reddish-brown metal”) (see copper), on resemblance of color. Another theory connects it to kip (“sharp, hooked lower jaw of the male salmon in breeding season”), from Middle English kippen (“to seize, snatch”), but OED doubts this.

inh

These were kipper salmon, and an acquaintance of mine living at Burton Rowbottom who was trolling for pike at Yoxall, near to King's Bromley, got a run, five years ago, and caught a beautiful salmon weighting 25 lbs.

1861, Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons, Reports from Commissioners - Volume 23, page 523:

the milner of Brignall for that he doth usually keep in the back beck a fishlock in the river called Gill Beck, below his mill and the forebeck of another fishlock [sic] above the mill, whereby he taketh and destroyeth much fish, to wit —routs, at his pleasure, and taketh, etc. divers fish when they are kipper and out of season;

1888, Great Britain. Court of Quarter Sessions of the Peace (North Riding of Yorkshire), John Christopher Atkinson, Quarter Sessions Records - Volume 6, page 43:

Walton next tells us that the he-salmon is usually bigger than the spawner; that he is more kipper and less able to endure a winter in the fresh water than she is, yet she is, at that time of looking less kipper and better, as watery and as bad meat.'

1898, Alfred Erskine Gathorne-Hardy, The Salmon, page 15:

Three weeks ago 25 per cent of the salmon running were kipper salmon.

1923, New Zealand. Parliament. House of Representatives, Journal. Appendix, page 17:

(fishing, especially of salmon) Out of season.


overture

/ˈəʊvətʃ(ʊ)ə/

/ˈoʊvəɹt͡ʃəɹ/

From Middle English overture, from Anglo-Norman, Middle French overture, from Old French overture. Doublet of aperture.

Crest : A falcon, wings overture.

1887, Edmund Farrer, The Church Heraldry of Norfolk, page 74:

It may be with wings close, i.e. closed, or it may be with its wings elevated, or it may be with wings disclosed, i.e. somewhat open, but inverted, and pointing downwards (and this is practically the same as the expression overt, written sometimes overture). [...]
Argent, an eagle recursant wings overture sable - BACK.
Argent, an eagle rising, wings overt inverted gules, standing on a baston raguly in bend vert - William PORTER.

1894, Henry Gough, James Parker, A Glossary of Terms Used in Heraldry, page 215:

[...] charged with a cross patty gules, and perched thereon a bird contourne reguardant, its wings overture, of the second; […]

1992, Donald R. Mandich, Joseph Anthony Placek, Russian Heraldry and Nobility, Dramco:

(heraldry, nonstandard) Overt, that is, disclosed.


perforate

From Latin perforō (“I bore or pierce through; I perforate”), from per- (“through, thorough”) + forō (“I bore, I pierce”).

uder

A species of remarkable appearance with mature leaf laminae often so profoundly perforate as to resemble a fragile net of tissue.

1999, Nguyen Van Dzu, Peter C. Boyce, Kew Bulletin, 54(2):379-393:


minnow

The noun is derived from Late Middle English menew, menowe (“small fish; (specifically) common minnow (Phoxinus phoxinus); or stickleback (possibly the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus)”), from Old English *mynwe, an oblique form of *mynu, a variant of myne (“minnow; small fish”), from Proto-West Germanic *muniwu (“minnow; small fish”), from Proto-Indo-European *men- (“small”). Possibly influenced by Anglo-Norman menu (“small”) and Old French menu (“small”), and English minim (“anything very minute; applied to animalcula and the like”).
The adjective and verb are derived from the noun.
cognates
* Middle Low German mone, möne (Dutch meun, West Frisian meun)
* Old High German muniwa, munuwa, munewa (modern German Münne (“minnow”))
* Latin mēna (“small sea-fish”)

cog

[…] I have (which I will show you) an artificial minnow, that will catch a trout as well as an artificial fly, and it was made by a handsome woman that had a fine hand, and a live minnow lying by her: […]

1676, Izaak Walton, “[The Compleat Angler or The Contemplative Man’s Recreation: Part I […].] More Directions How to Fish for, and How to Make for the Trout an Artificial Minnow and Flies; with Some Merriment.”, in Richard Le Gallienne, editor, The Compleat Angler, 5th edition, London; New York, N.Y.: John Lane, The Bodley Head, published 1897, →OCLC, page 107:

(fishing) An artificial bait in the form of a small fish.


keyhole

(basketball) The free-throw lane together with the circle surrounding the free-throw line; key.


DNS

(sports) Initialism of does/did not start.


wastage

en-noun

wastage (countable and uncountable, plural wastages)

(hunting, countable) The act of abandoning animal carcasses or parts, usually illegal.


slap-back

(aerial freestyle skiing) a faulty landing, whereby the skier rotates backwards around the knee-joint and hits the snow of the landing slope with their back and head, before rising off the snow back into position with their skis underneath them.


manhattan

(cricket) a bar chart representing the number of runs scored in each over (supposed to resemble a skyline of skyscrapers).


steeplechase

Compound of steeple + chase, from horse races in 18th century Ireland in which orientation of the course was by reference to a church steeple.

(chiefly British, equestrianism) A horse race, either across open country, or over an obstacle course.

(athletics) An athletics event in which the runners have to run 3000 metres round a track, jumping hurdles and a water obstacle along the way.


over one's head

He just shot a spectacularly over his head round of golf and beat all of us.

(idiomatic, sports) Performing at a level greatly superior to one's usual level of performance.


infraction

/ɪnˈfɹækʃən/

From Middle French infraction, from Latin infractio, from infractum, past participle of infringere, from in (“in”) + frangere (“to break”).

(ice hockey) A major violation of rules which leads to a penalty, if detected by the referee.


brawl

From French branle (“type of dance; an act of shaking, a shake”), from branler (“to shake”), from Old French brandeler (“to shake, wave; to agitate”); see further at etymology 2.
Alternatively, the word could be derived from brawl (“(obsolete) to move to and fro, quiver, shake”): see etymology 2.

der

(dance, obsolete) A type of dance move or step.

Boy. Maiſter, will you win your loue with a french braule? / Brag[gart]. How meaneſt thou? brawling in French. / Boy. No my complet Maiſter, but to Iigge off a tune at the tongues ende, canarie to it with your feete, humour it with turning vp your eylids, ſigh a note and ſing a note ſomtime through the throate, if you ſwallowed loue with ſinging loue [...]

c. 1595–1596 (date written), W. Shakespere [i.e., William Shakespeare], A Pleasant Conceited Comedie Called, Loues Labors Lost. […] (First Quarto), London: […] W[illiam] W[hite] for Cut[h]bert Burby, published 1598, →OCLC; republished as Shakspere’s Loves Labours Lost (Shakspere-Quarto Facsimiles; no. 5), London: W[illiam] Griggs, […], [1880], →OCLC, [Act III, scene i]:

(dance, music, historical) Alternative form of branle (“dance of French origin dating from the 16th century, performed by couples in a circle or a line; the music for this dance”)


SAC

surface air consumption
surface air consumption#English

(underwater diving) Acronym of surface air consumption.


blink

en-noun

blink (countable and uncountable, plural blinks)

From Middle English blynken, blenken, from Old English blincan (suggested by causative verb blenċan (“to deceive”); > English blench), from Proto-Germanic *blinkaną, a variant of *blīkaną (“to gleam, shine”).
Cognate with Dutch blinken (“to glitter, shine”), German blinken (“to flash, blink”), Danish blinke (“to flash, twinkle, wink, blink”), Swedish blinka (“to flash, blink, twinkle, wink, blink”). Related to blank, blick, blike, bleak.

cog

(sports, in the plural) Boughs cast where deer are to pass, in order to turn or check them.


seventh inning stretch

en-noun

seventh inning stretch (plural seventh inning stretches)

(baseball) A more extended than usual break taken between the top half and the bottom half of the seventh inning.


souped-up

en-adj

souped-up (comparative more souped-up, superlative most souped-up)

more souped-up (comparative)
most souped-up (superlative)

Uncertain; the fact that the earlier senses seem to be the horse racing cant and United States Navy slang ones suggests a derivation from soup (“liquid food item”), connoting a horse or a person being filled with a liquid.
Alternatively, it has been suggested that the term is a modified clipping of supe(r), with reference to an aeroplane or automobile engine being supercharged: see, for example, the 1925 quotation. This sense appears to post-date the horse-racing and navy slang senses.

(horse racing, cant) Of a racehorse: injected with a substance to make it run faster or to change its temperament.

napumpan

of a racehorse: injected with a substance to make it run faster


tramline

(tennis, British) Either of the two pairs of sidelines marked on a tennis court which mark the outside of the singles and doubles playing areas.


spod

(fishing) A container used to distribute a large amount of bait in a single cast.


spod

en-verb

spod (third-person singular simple present spods, present participle spodding, simple past and past participle spodded)

spods (present singular third-person)
spodding (participle present)
spodded (participle past)
spodded (past)


stumps

England still have a chance of winning tomorrow if they can get India out before stumps today.

(cricket) close of play (when the stumps are pulled out of the ground by the umpires)


infield

They covered the infield with a tarp when it started to rain.

(baseball) The region of the field roughly bounded by the home plate, first base, second base and third base.

camp interior

baseball: The region of the field roughly bounded by the home plate, first base, second base and third base.

Jones ran out an infield single.

(baseball) (as a modifier, functioning as an adjective) Of an event, happening in the infield.

etukenttä-

baseball: (as a modifier, functioning as an adjective) Of an event, happening in the infield.

(cricket) The region of the field roughly bounded by the wicket keeper, slips, gully, point, cover, mid off, mid on, midwicket and square leg.

etukenttä

cricket: The region of the field roughly bounded by the wicket keeper, slips, gully, etc.


situate

en-adj

situate (comparative more situate, superlative most situate)

more situate (comparative)
most situate (superlative)

Borrowed from Late Latin situātus, past participle of Medieval Latin situō (“to locate, place”), from Latin situs (“a site”).

der

[...] graunted unto ye sayd Arthure Herrys for his Creast on the heaulme a Stagges head losengy couppe siluer & gules horned gold situate on a wreathe gold & azure mantelled gules doubled siluer which togither w ye sayd ancient Armes viz[…] In the yere of our Lord God MCCCCClxxviij […]

1917, Miscellanea Genealogica Et Heraldica, page 218:

The arms of the College of Surgeons in Endinburgh, I fancy, afford the only instance of what is presumably a corpse, the blazon being: "Azure, a man (human body) fesswise between a dexter hand having an eye on the palm issuing out of a cloud downward and a castle situate on a rock proper, within a bordure or charged with several instruments peculiar to the art (sic); on a canton of the first a saltire argent surmounted of a thistle vert, crowned of the third."

2013, Arthur Charles Fox-Davies, A Complete Guide To Heraldry, →ISBN:


scrum-half

(rugby) player who introduces the ball into a scrum.


wayward

en-adj

wayward (comparative more wayward, superlative most wayward)

more wayward (comparative)
most wayward (superlative)

Bulgaria's only attacking weapon was the wayward shooting of Martin Petrov, whereas England's attacking options were awash with movement in the shape of Rooney, Young and Walcott.

2011 September 2, Phil McNulty, “Bulgaria 0-3 England”, in BBC:


fly-half

Fly-half Holly Aitchison has had a mixed tournament with the boot up until this match, with Mitchell saying in the week he had no concerns over her kicking and being proved correct in Bordeaux.

2024 April 27, Alastair Telfer, “England beat France to seal Grand Slam hat-trick”, in BBC Sport:

(rugby) A rugby player who is normally the first receiver of the ball from the scrum half after a scrum; a half-back.


pullover

→ Catalan: pul·lòver

→ Danish: pullover

→ Esperanto: pulovero

→ French: pull-over

→ Gulf Arabic: بلوڤر (blōvar)

→ German: Pullover

→ Hungarian: pulóver

→ Greek: πουλόβερ (poulóver)

→ Italian: pullover

→ Japanese: プルオーバー (puruōbā)

→ Georgian: პულოვერი (ṗuloveri)

→ Korean: 풀오버 (purobeo)

→ Polish: pulower

→ Portuguese: pulôver

→ Russian: пуло́вер (pulóver)

→ Sicilian: pullover

→ Spanish: pulóver

→ Swedish: pullover

(weightlifting) An exercise performed lying on the back in which the arms are extended behind the head and exertion lifts the weight above the head.

(gymnastics, horizontal bar) An exercise in which the gymnast pulls up from a hang lifting the legs up and over the bar thus rolling into a support position.


lineout

(baseball) An out produced by catching a line drive.


knock-on

It took until the 33rd minute for England to get on the scoreboard, Wilkinson finally finding his range from out left, but a knock-on from James Haskell from the re-start put his team straight back under pressure.

2011 October 1, Tom Fordyce, “Rugby World Cup 2011: England 16-12 Scotland”, in BBC Sport:

(rugby) A foul in which a player knocks the ball forward, often unintentionally


farmhand

(baseball) A player in the minor leagues.


whimsy

en-noun

whimsy (usually uncountable, plural whimsies)

Probably from whims + -y. Related to whim-wham, whim.

(glassblowing, countable) The support that protects a finished piece as it is detached from a punty.


stunt

→ Danish: stunt

→ German: Stunt

→ Norwegian Bokmål: stunt

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: stunt

Unknown. Compare Middle Low German stunt (“a shoulder grip with which you throw someone on their back”), Middle English stunt (“foolish; stupid”).

cog

(American football) A special means of rushing the quarterback done to confuse the opposing team's offensive line.


stunt

en-verb

stunt (third-person singular simple present stunts, present participle stunting, simple past and past participle stunted)

stunts (present singular third-person)
stunting (participle present)
stunted (participle past)
stunted (past)

(intransitive, cheerleading) To perform a stunt.


vigilant

en-adj

vigilant (comparative more vigilant, superlative most vigilant)

more vigilant (comparative)
most vigilant (superlative)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-vigilant.wav

From French vigilant or its source, Latin vigilans, present participle of vigilare (“stay awake”), from vigil (“awake”). Doublet of vigilante, from Spanish. Displaced Old English wacor.

von der LUTKE / Argent, a crane vigilant proper. AG. Carl von der Lutke. Arr. 1857 with the British German Crimea legion. Obtained a grant of land in the Eastern Province of the Cape Colony.

1972, C. Pama, Heraldry of South African Families: Coats of Arms/ Crests/ Ancestry:

[...] and sharing the same heraldry : argent, a crane, vigilant, or,[…]

1997, Saint Thomas More, More to Cranevelt, Leuven University Press, →ISBN, page 23:


pin down

en-verb

pin down (third-person singular simple present pins down, present participle pinning down, simple past and past participle pinned down)

pins down (present singular third-person)
pinning down (participle present)
pinned down (participle past)
pinned down (past)

(wrestling) To hold the opponent back-first so both his or her shoulders touch the mat or ground.


stance

2013 World Fencing Championships
Arianna Errigo
Carolin Golubytskyi
Edinburgh Waverley railway station

From Middle English staunce (“place to stand; battle station; position; standing in society; circumstance, situation; stanchion”), from Old French estance (“predicament; situation; sojourn, stay”) (compare modern French stance (“stanza; position one stands in when golfing”)), from Italian stanza (“room, standing place; stanza”), from Vulgar Latin *stantia, from Latin stō (“to stand; to remain, stay”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand (up)”). The word is cognate with Spanish estante (“shelf”) and a doublet of stanza.
The verb is derived from the noun.

der

In a harness belay, the stance itself is the belayer's first line of defense, reducing the load the anchor must hold. The anchor in this case serves as little more than a backup (albeit a critical one) to the stance.

2004, Mark Houston, Kathy Cosley, “Snow and Ice”, in Alpine Climbing: Techniques to Take You Higher, Seattle, Wash.: The Mountaineers Books, →ISBN, page 225, column 2:

There is always the option of clambering up slightly higher and building a new belay station (stance), take in the rope for a fellow climber, once again clamber up higher and once again build a new, higher stance … and so on until the rope reaches the stop where the upper end of the rope has become caught in the rock.

2014 July 18, Thomas Kublak, “Problems when Rappelling”, in Mountaineering Methodology: Part III: Belaying and Rappelling, [s.l.]: Tomas Kublak, MMPublishing, →ISBN, page 180, column 2:

A place to stand; a position, a site, a station.

(specifically, climbing) A foothold or ledge on which to set up a belay.


reject

en-verb

reject (third-person singular simple present rejects, present participle rejecting, simple past and past participle rejected)

rejects (present singular third-person)
rejecting (participle present)
rejected (participle past)
rejected (past)

From Late Middle English rejecten, from Latin rēiectus, past participle of reicere (“to throw back”), from re- (“back”) + iacere (“to throw”). Displaced native Old English āweorpan (literally “to throw out”).

ncog

(basketball) To block a shot, especially if it sends the ball off the court.


roto

en-noun

roto (countable and uncountable, plural rotos)

"But that's just not an exciting quote, so they put on that roto baseball guy saying disparaging things about fantasy football," Emil concedes, referring to a roto baseball expert that HBO interviewed for the piece[…]

2004, Mark St. Amant, Committed: confession of a fantasy football junkie:

Looking to find someone who has a comprehensive list of rules and regulations for Roto baseball.

1997, BGI bill, “Looking for Rules and Regulations for roto baseball league”, in pdaxs.sports.baseball (Usenet):

rotisserie baseball
rotisserie baseball#English

(US, sports, informal, uncountable) Clipping of rotisserie baseball.

rotisserie sports
rotisserie sports#English

(US, sports, informal, uncountable) Clipping of rotisserie sports.


semicircle

(soccer) An arc whose center is the penalty spot, extending from the top of the penalty area.


freestyle

freestyle (countable and uncountable, plural freestyles)

freestyle

(sports) A sports event where competitors can choose their own method of participation.

(swimming) A swimming event in which the contestants may choose any stroke.

(swimming, by extension) The swimming stroke commonly referred to as the front crawl or the Australian crawl.

cross-country skiing
cross-country skiing

(skiing) A cross-country skiing event in which the competitors may choose any style of skiing.

(skiing, by extension) The skiing style commonly referred to as skating.

(wrestling) A style of wrestling in which any non-injurious holds are permitted.


tuck

From Middle English tuken, touken (“to torment, to stretch (cloth)”), from Old English tūcian (“to torment, vex”) and Middle Dutch tucken (“to tuck”), both from Proto-Germanic *teuh-, *teug- (“to draw, pull”) (compare also *tukkōną), from Proto-Indo-European *dewk- (“to pull”). Akin to Old High German zucchen (“to snatch, tug”), zuchôn (“to jerk”), German Low German tuken (“to tug, pluck, grab and pull towards”), Old English tēon (“to draw, pull, train”). Doublet of touch.

cog

(diving) A curled position, with the shins held towards the body.


weightlifting

(sports) A sport in which competitors lift heavy weights in two events: the snatch and the clean and jerk.