range

Japanese: レンジ (renji)

Korean: 레인지 (reinji)

From Middle English rengen, from Old French rengier (“to range, to rank, to order,”), from the noun renc, reng, ranc, rang (“a rank, row”), from Frankish *hring, from Proto-Germanic *hringaz (“ring, circle, curve”).

der

Jones has good range for a big man.

(sports, baseball) The defensive area that a player can cover.

防守領域

baseball: defensive area covered by a player


range

en-verb

range (third-person singular simple present ranges, present participle ranging, simple past and past participle ranged)

ranges (present singular third-person)
ranging (participle present)
ranged (participle past)
ranged (past)

Willie, playing in left-center, raced toward a ball no human had any business getting a glove to. Mays ranged to his left, searching, digging in, pouring on the speed, as the crowd screamed its anticipation of a triple.

2009, Jason Aronoff, Going, Going ... Caught!: Baseball's Great Outfield Catches as Described by Those Who Saw Them, 1887-1964, →ISBN, page 250:

(baseball) Of a player, to travel a significant distance for a defensive play.


Cinderella

/ˌsɪndəˈɹɛlə/

From cinder + -ella, as in little cinder girl. Compare French Cendrillon.

(philately) A stamp or stamp-like label issued for purposes other than postal administration, not issued by a central government, or not listed in most general catalogues.


amphibious

From Ancient Greek ἀμφίβιος (amphíbios). From ἀμφί (amphí) + βίος (bíos, “life”).


snorkel

Borrowed from German Schnorchel (“(submarine) snorkel”), related to schnarchen (“to snore”). Thus named because of the submarine snorkel's functional similarity to a nose and because of its noise when in use. The anglicized spelling was first recorded in 1945. See, for example, Mark S. Watson, "New Epoch in Sea War", The Baltimore Sun, December 31, 1945, p. 8: "The Germans' earlier quest of the last important objective, it will be remembered, had produced the Snorkel, a long exhaust tube whose vent reached above water and permitted a submerged vessel to discharge its Diesel fumes in open air."

bor

(underwater diving) A hollow tube, held in the mouth, or mounted on and opening into a diving mask, used by swimmers for breathing underwater.

шнорхел

hollow tube used for breathing underwater


swish

en-noun

swish (countable and uncountable, plural swishes)

(basketball) A successful basketball shot that does not touch the rim or backboard.


swish

en-verb

swish (third-person singular simple present swishes, present participle swishing, simple past and past participle swished)

swishes (present singular third-person)
swishing (participle present)
swished (participle past)
swished (past)

(basketball) To make a successful basketball shot that does not touch the rim or backboard.


chase

en-noun

chase (countable and uncountable, plural chases)

From Middle English chacen, from Anglo-Norman chacer, Old French chacier, from Late Latin captiāre, from Latin captāre, frequentative of capere. Compare French chasser (“to hunt”, “to chase”), Spanish cazar (“to hunt”), Portuguese caçar (“to hunt”)
, see Norwegian skysse (“to hunt”).
Doublet of catch and related to capture.
Displaced native Old English ōht, ēhtnes, and wāþ. Broadly overtook Old English huntaþ.

(cycling) One or more riders who are ahead of the peloton and trying to join the race or stage leaders.


chase

en-verb

chase (third-person singular simple present chases, present participle chasing, simple past and past participle chased)

chases (present singular third-person)
chasing (participle present)
chased (participle past)
chased (past)

Australia will be chasing 217 for victory on the final day.

(transitive, cricket) To attempt to win by scoring the required number of runs in the final innings.

tavoitella

cricket: to attempt to score required number of runs

Jones chases one out of the zone for strike two.

(transitive, baseball) To swing at a pitch outside of the strike zone, typically an outside pitch.

The rally chased the starter.

(transitive, baseball) To produce enough offense to cause the pitcher to be removed.


boxing glove

(boxing, clothing) A padded mitten, designed to protect the hand while punching, and worn in boxing.


venue

From Middle English venu, from Old French venue, the feminine singular past participle of the verb venir (to come). Doublet of veny.

With such focus from within the footballing community this week on Remembrance Sunday, there was something appropriate about Colchester being the venue for last night’s game. Troops from the garrison town formed a guard of honour for both sets of players, who emerged for the national anthem with poppies proudly stitched into their tracksuit jackets.

2011 November 10, Jeremy Wilson, “England Under 21 5 Iceland Under 21 0: match report”, in Telegraph:

(sports) A stadium or similar building in which a sporting competition is held.


messenger

From Middle English messengere, messingere, messangere, from Old French messanger, a variant of Old French messagier (French messager), equivalent to message + -er. Doublet of messager.
Displaced native Old English boda (“messenger, envoy”) and ǣrendraca (“messenger, ambassador”).
For the replacement of -ager with -enger, -inger, -anger, compare passenger, harbinger, scavenger, porringer. This development may have been merely the addition of n, or it may have resulted due to contamination from other suffixes such as Middle English -ing and the rare Old French -ange, -enc, -inge, -inghe (“-ing”) for Old French -age (“-age”).

(bowling) A pin which travels across the pin deck to knock over another pin, usually for a strike.


Muay Thai

(martial arts) A sport practiced in Thailand which is similar to boxing but also allows strikes with the shins, feet, elbows, and knees.


touchdown

en-noun

touchdown (countable and uncountable, plural touchdowns)

Today I scored my first touchdown.

(American football, Canadian football) A six-point score occurring when the ball enters possession of a team's player in the opponent's end zone.

(rugby) A defensive action of grounding the ball in the team's own in-goal to stop the play.

A first Test try by Fergus McFadden and a Tomas O'Leary touchdown helped Ireland to a 15-12 half-time lead.

2011 February 13, Lyle Jackson, “Ireland 22-25 France”, in BBC:

(rugby) A try (scoring play of grounding the ball in the opposing team's in-goal).


kickboxing

Possibly borrowed from Japanese キックボクシング (kikkubokushingu), coined by Osamu Noguchi in 1964 from English kick + boxing.

bor+

The Japanese kickboxing gym, recently opened in the Thai capital, had been a great success (Black Belt Magazine, March 1973, p. 13)

(martial arts) A hybrid martial art derived from Muay Thai, karate and especially boxing during the 1960s to 1970s; more generally, any stand-up combat sport that combines kicks and punches.


camp

en-verb

camp (third-person singular simple present camps, present participle camping, simple past and past participle camped)

camps (present singular third-person)
camping (participle present)
camped (participle past)
camped (past)

From Middle English kampe (“battlefield, open space”), from Old English camp (“battle, contest, battlefield, open space”), from Proto-West Germanic *kamp (“open field where military exercises are held, level plain”), from Latin campus (“open field, level plain”), from Proto-Indo-European *kh₂emp- (“to bend; crooked”). Reinforced circa 1520 by Middle French can, camp (“place where an army lodges temporarily”), from Old Northern French camp, from the same Latin (whence also French champ from Old French). Cognate with Old High German champf (“battle, struggle”) (German Kampf), Old Norse kapp (“battle”), Old High German hamf (“paralysed, maimed, mutilated”). Doublet of campus and champ.
The verb is from Middle English campen, from Old English campian, compian (“to fight, war against”), from Proto-West Germanic *kampōn (“to fight, do battle”), from *kamp (“field, battlefield, battle”), see above. Cognate with Dutch kampen, German kämpfen (“to struggle”), Danish kæmpe, Swedish kämpa.

inh

Some players like to camp next to a power-up's spawning point.

Yet, even without the three second rule, where your big man could camp underneath and take those delightful “garbage” shots, there was little or no pivot offense, no cutting off the bucket.

(intransitive, sports, video games) To stay in an advantageous location.

דָּגַר

to stay in an advantageous location in a video game


sack

→ Japanese: サック (sakku)

From Middle English sak (“bag, sackcloth”), from Old English sacc (“sack, bag”) and sæcc (“sackcloth, sacking”); both from Proto-West Germanic *sakku, from late Proto-Germanic *sakkuz (“sack”), borrowed from Latin saccus (“large bag”), from Ancient Greek σάκκος (sákkos, “bag of coarse cloth”), from Semitic, possibly Phoenician or Hebrew.
Cognate with Dutch zak, German Sack, Swedish säck, Danish sæk, Hebrew שַׂק (śaq, “sack, sackcloth”), Aramaic סַקָּא, Classical Syriac ܣܩܐ, Ge'ez ሠቅ (śäḳ), Akkadian 𒆭𒊓 (saqqu), Egyptian sꜣgꜣ. Doublet of sac, saccus, saco, and sakkos.
Černý and Forbes suggest the word was originally Egyptian, a nominal derivative of sꜣq (“to gather or put together”) that also yielded Coptic ⲥⲟⲕ (sok, “sackcloth”) and was borrowed into Greek perhaps by way of a Semitic intermediary. However, Vycichl and Hoch reject this idea, noting that such an originally Egyptian word would be expected to yield Hebrew *סַק rather than שַׂק. Instead, they posit that the Coptic and Greek words are both borrowed from Semitic, with the Coptic word perhaps developing via Egyptian sꜣgꜣ.
Sense evolution
* “Pillage” senses from the use of sacks in carrying off plunder. From Middle French sac, shortened from the phrase mettre à sac (“put it in a bag”), a military command to pillage; also parallel meaning with Italian sacco (“plunder”), from Medieval Latin saccō (“pillage”). From Vulgar Latin saccare (“to plunder”), from saccus (“sack”). See also ransack. American football “tackle” sense from this “plunder, conquer” root.
* “Removal from employment” senses attested since 1825; the original formula was “to give (someone) the sack”, likely from the notion of a worker going off with his tools in a sack, or being given such a sack for his personal belongings as part of an expedient severance. Idiom exists earlier in French (on luy a donné son sac, 17c.) and Middle Dutch (iemand den zak geven). English verb in this sense recorded from 1841. Current verb, to sack (“to fire”) carries influence from the forceful nature of “plunder, tackle” verb senses.
* Slang meaning “bunk, bed” is attested since 1825, originally nautical, likely in reference to sleeping bags. The verb meaning “go to bed” is recorded from 1946.
* Slang meaning "scrotum" is an ellipsis of ballsack.

doublet

(American football) A successful tackle of the quarterback behind the line of scrimmage.

He twisted his ankle sliding into the sack at second.

(baseball) One of the square bases anchored at first base, second base, or third base.


sack

en-verb

sack (third-person singular simple present sacks, present participle sacking, simple past and past participle sacked)

sacks (present singular third-person)
sacking (participle present)
sacked (participle past)
sacked (past)

уволнявам

informal: to remove from a job or position — see also fire

1995, John Crumpacker and Gwen Knapp, "Sack-happy defensive line stuns Dolphins", SFGate.com, November 21,
On third down, the rejuvenated Rickey Jackson stormed in over All-Pro left tackle Richmond Webb to sack Marino yet again for a 2-yard loss.

(American football) To tackle the quarterback behind the line of scrimmage, especially before he is able to throw a pass.


flapper

Small fish, and frog and fish spawn are also eaten, and the ducklings feed upon many species of animalculæ, flies, pollywogs and worms, etc., disturbed by heavy rains which wash the banks, while the young ducks are passing to the "flapper" stage.

1904, F. Henry Yorke, "Our American Game Birds: Their Life History and Mode of Hunting Them," Field and Stream, Vol. 9, no. 3 (July 1904), pp. 255—56

(hunting) A young game bird just able to fly, particularly a wild duck.


flapper

(climbing) Any injury that results in a loose flap of skin on the fingers, making gripping difficult.


fine

en-adj

fine (comparative finer, superlative finest)

finer (comparative)
finest (superlative)

From Middle English fin, fyn, from Old French fin (“fine, minute, exact”), of obscure origin, but probably derived from Latin fīnīre (“to finish”) and/or fīnis (“boundary, limit, end”), with an abstract sense of "fine" or "thin" also arising in many Romance languages (compare Spanish, Portuguese, and Italian fino). Doublet of fino.

[…]to nudge it through the covers (or tickle it down to fine leg) for a four[…]

(cricket) Behind the batsman and at a small angle to the line between the wickets.


fine

en-adv

fine (comparative more fine, superlative most fine)

more fine (comparative)
most fine (superlative)

(pool, billiards) In a manner so that the driven ball strikes the object ball so far to one side as to be barely deflected, the object ball being driven to one side.


dot

From Middle English *dot, dotte, from Old English dott (“a dot, point”), from Proto-West Germanic *dott, from Proto-Germanic *duttaz (“wisp”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian Dot, Dotte (“a clump”), Dutch dot (“lump, knot, clod”), Low German Dutte (“a plug”), dialectal Swedish dott (“a little heap, bunch, clump”).

cog

That left 15 needed from Boult's final set. Two dots were followed by a heave over deep mid-wicket, then came the outrageous moment of fortune.

2019 July 14, Stephan Shemilt, “England win Cricket World Cup: Ben Stokes stars in dramatic finale against New Zealand”, in BBC Sport, London:


creator

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-creator.wav

From Middle English creatour, from Old French creator, creatur, creatour, from Latin creātor, agent noun from perfect passive participle creātus (“created”), from verb creō (“I create”) + agent suffix -or. Mostly displaced native Old English wyrhta (modern English wright).

Hernández is not a creator and suffered from a lack of service in previous seasons.

2019 July 3, Andrea Canales, Jonathan Tannenwald, “Pulisic, McKennie show plenty of promise for U.S. in Gold Cup”, in The Philadelphia Inquirer:

There have been times this season when it seemed Liverpool were trying to reinvent Salah, the scorer supreme, as a creator and this was a sudden reminder of his greatest strength.

2022 October 13, Richard Jolly, “Record-breaker Mohamed Salah delivers timely reminder of his greatest strength ahead of clash with champions”, in Independent.ie:

As such, when Doncic was on the court, Brunson was a secondary facilitator and more of a finisher than a creator.

2022 October 19, Andre Snellings, “Fantasy basketball: Why Jalen Brunson can be even better in New York”, in ESPN:

(sports) A player who creates opportunities for their team to score goals; a playmaker.


foil

en-noun

foil (countable and uncountable, plural foils)

From Middle English foyle, from Middle French fueille, from Old French fueille (“plant leaf”), from Late Latin folia, the plural of folium, mistaken as a singular feminine.
The literary sense is from the practice of backing a gem with metal foil to make it shine more brilliantly.
Doublet of folio and folium, distantly also with phyllo and phyllon.

Blunt as the fencer's foils, which hit, but hurt not.

1598–1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, “Much Adoe about Nothing”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene ii]:

1784-1810, William Mitford, History of Greece
Socrates contended with a foil against Demosthenes with a sword.

(fencing) A very thin sword with a blunted (or foiled) tip


foil

[…]but after giving her a dodge, here's another b— follows me upon the foil.

1749, Henry Fielding, chapter IV, in The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, volume (please specify |volume=I to VI), London: A[ndrew] Millar, […], →OCLC, book VII:


rebate

From Old French rabatre < batre. See also abate.

(photography) The edge of a roll of film, from which no image can be developed.


rebate

en-verb

rebate (third-person singular simple present rebates, present participle rebating, simple past and past participle rebated)

rebates (present singular third-person)
rebating (participle present)
rebated (participle past)
rebated (past)

The ſecunde is rebate youre hawke: to yowre fyſt, ⁊ thatt is whan yowre hawke batith, the leeſt meuyng that ye can make with yowre fyſt ſhe will rebate ayen vppon yowre fyſt[.]

1486, Juliana Berners, Book of Saint Albans:

(intransitive, falconry) Of a falcon: to return to the hand after bating; see bate².


formation

en-noun

formation (countable and uncountable, plural formations)

/fɔːˈmeɪʃən/

/fɔɹˈmeɪʃən/

/foːˈmæɪʃən/

From Middle English formacioun, formation, borrowed from Old French formacion, from Latin fōrmātiō, from fōrmō (“form”, verb); see form as verb.
Morphologically form + -ation

N'Golo Kanté embodies both sides of this, a player whose early scratchiness was soothed with glorious results in the new 3-4-3 formation, allowed simply to be his best, most wonderfully mobile, diligent, destructive self.

2017 May 13, Barney Ronay, “Antonio Conte’s brilliance has turned Chelsea’s pop-up team into champions”, in the Guardian:

(sports) An arrangement of players designed to facilitate certain plays.


grapevine

grapevine (plural grapevine or grapevines)

(skating) A move in which the feet are alternately placed in front of each other, while both remaining on the ice or ground, incorporating half-turns.


grapevine

en-verb

grapevine (third-person singular simple present grapevines, present participle grapevining, simple past and past participle grapevined)

grapevines (present singular third-person)
grapevining (participle present)
grapevined (participle past)
grapevined (past)

From the top he grapevined his leg around Tibbits' leg and planted his elbow in his opponent's opposite side.

2007, Steve Wolfe, Call Us Champions: More Alaska Wrestling Stories:

The Low Mount is the position where your hips are tight to your opponent's and your legs are usually grapevined or locked underneath his.

2008, Saulo Ribeiro, Jiu-Jitsu University:

So now she's grapevined me, I can't straighten my legs, which means I can't generate the momentum I need to bridge.

2022, David Young, Sean Black, The Ground Is My Ocean:

(transitive, wrestling) To restrain in a leglock.


hanging

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

nonlemma

hanging breaking ball

hanging slider

(baseball, slang, of an off-speed pitch) Hittable; poorly executed by the pitcher, hence relatively easy to hit.


dolphin

From Middle English delphyn, from Latin delphīnus, from Ancient Greek δελφίς (delphís), from δελφύς (delphús, “womb”); the modern form in -ol- is probably influenced by the pronunciation of Middle French dauphin. Compare Swedish delfin. Doublet of dauphin. Displaced native Old English mereswīn (literally “sea pig”).

ncog

(heraldry) A depiction of a fish, with a broad indented fin, usually embowed.


proof

en-noun

proof (countable and uncountable, plural proofs)

→ Russian: пруф (pruf), пру́фы (prúfy)

desc

⇒ Russian: пруфли́нк (pruflínk, literally “proof + link”)

From Middle English proof, from Old French prove, from Late Latin proba (“a proof”), from Latin probō (“to prove”); see prove; compare also the doublet probe.

the proof of the pudding is in the eating

(numismatics) A limited-run high-quality strike of a particular coin, originally as a test run, although nowadays mostly for collectors' sets.


riband

en-noun

riband (countable and uncountable, plural ribands)

(heraldry) A narrow diminutive of the bend, thinner than a bendlet.


frame

en-verb

frame (third-person singular simple present frames, present participle framing, simple past and past participle framed)

frames (present singular third-person)
framing (participle present)
framed (participle past)
framed (past)

→ Dutch: frame

→ German: framen

From Middle English framen, fremen, fremmen (“to construct, build, strengthen, refresh, perform, execute, profit, avail”), from Old English framian, fremian, fremman (“to profit, avail, advance”), from Proto-West Germanic *frammjan, from Proto-Germanic *framjaną (“to further, promote, perform”), from Proto-Indo-European *promo- (“front, forward”).
Cognate with Low German framen (“to commit, effect”), Danish fremme (“to promote, further, perform”), Swedish främja (“to promote, encourage, foster”), Icelandic fremja (“to commit”). More at from.

cog

(tennis) To hit (the ball) with the frame of the racquet rather than the strings (normally a mishit).


frame

→ Korean: 프레임 (peureim)

→ Swahili: fremu

From Middle English frame (“profit, benefit, advantage; a structure composed according to a plan”), from the verb (above) and also from Old Norse frami (“advantage, fame, bravery, efficiency, privilege, honor”); and frame (“a framework or structure of any kind”) which is of uncertain origin. The latter is usually regarded as a derivative of former; however, compare the rare Anglo-Norman and Old French frame, fraine (“frame, framework”), itself of uncertain origin, which might be a borrowing from the English, from the Norse, or even possibly ultimately from Frankish *hramu (“frame”) related to Dutch raam (“window frame”).

der

(snooker) A complete game of snooker, from break-off until all the balls (or as many as necessary to win) have been potted.

(bowling) A set of balls whose results are added together for scoring purposes. Usually two balls, but only one ball in the case of a strike, and three balls in the case of a strike or a spare in the last frame of a game.

In knockemdowns and bowls ten pins are used, the centre one being called the king, and the ball has to be grounded before it reaches the frame.

1878, John Henry Walsh, British Rural Sports, page 712:

(bowling) The complete set of pins to be knocked down in their starting configuration.

(philately) The outer decorated portion of a stamp's image, often repeated on several issues although the inner picture may change.

(philately) The outer circle of a cancellation mark.


slot

From Middle English slot, from Old French esclot, likely from Old Norse slóð (“track”). As a gambling machine, via clipping of slot machine. Compare sleuth. The scheduling (calendar) sense is by a metaphor whereby the time span is equated with the segment of a page or part of a device that represents it.

(slang, surfing) The barrel or tube of a wave.

(American football) The area between the last offensive lineman on either side of the center and the wide receiver on that side.


slot

en-verb

slot (third-person singular simple present slots, present participle slotting, simple past and past participle slotted)

slots (present singular third-person)
slotting (participle present)
slotted (participle past)
slotted (past)

Australian rules football
Australian rules football

(Australian rules football, rugby, informal) To kick the ball between the posts for a goal; to score a goal by doing this.


tierce

From Old French tierce, from Latin tertia.

[W]e behold two men with lion-look, with alert attitude, side foremost, right foot advanced; flourishing and thrusting, stoccado and passado, in tierce and quart; intent to skewer one another.

1837, Thomas Carlyle, The French Revolution: A History […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), London: Chapman and Hall, →OCLC, (please specify the book or page number):

(fencing) The third defensive position, with the sword hand held at waist height, and the tip of the sword at head height.

(heraldry) An ordinary that covers the left or right third of the field of a shield or flag.


place

en-noun

place (countable and uncountable, plural places)

Pijin: ples

Tok Pisin: ples

From Middle English place, conflation of Old English plæċe (“place, an open space, street”) and Old French place (“place, an open space”), both from Latin platea (“plaza, wide street”), from Ancient Greek πλατεῖα (plateîa), shortening of πλατεῖα ὁδός (plateîa hodós, “broad way”), from Proto-Indo-European *pleth₂- (“to spread”), extended form of *pleh₂- (“flat”). Displaced native Old English stōw, stede, and -ern. Compare also English pleck (“plot of ground”), West Frisian plak (“place, spot, location”), Dutch plek (“place, spot, patch”). Doublet of piatza, piazza, and plaza.

pleace

some English dialects: 18th–19th centuries; Scots: until the 17th century

all over the place like a mad woman's custard

lightning does not strike twice in the same place

lightning doesn't strike twice in the same place

lightning never strikes twice in the same place

there is a place and time for everything

there is a time and place for everything

there's a time and a place for everything

to win a bet on a horse for place

(social) A responsibility or position in an organization.

(horse racing) The position of first, second, or third at the finish, especially the second position.


place

en-verb

place (third-person singular simple present places, present participle placing, simple past and past participle placed)

places (present singular third-person)
placing (participle present)
placed (participle past)
placed (past)
place (infinitive)

From Middle English placen, from the noun (see above).

classificar-se

passive: to rank at (a certain position)

In the third race: Aces Up won, paying eight dollars; Blarney Stone placed, paying three dollars; and Cinnamon showed, paying five dollars.

(ergative) To earn a given spot in a competition; to rank at a certain position ((often followed by an ordinal)).

(intransitive, motor racing) To finish second, especially of horses or dogs.

(sports, transitive) To place-kick (a goal).


boxing

(sports) A sport where two opponents punch each other with gloved fists to head and torso; the object being to score more points by the end of the match or by knockout, or technical knockout.


bean

bean (third-person singular simple present beans, present participle beaning, simple past and past participle beaned)

beans (present singular third-person)
beaning (participle present)
beaned (participle past)
beaned (past)

From Middle English bene, from Old English bēan, from Proto-West Germanic *baunu, from Proto-Germanic *baunō (“bean”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰabʰ- (“bean”). Cognate with Scots bene, bein (“bean”), West Frisian bean (“bean”), Dutch boon (“bean”), German Bohne (“bean”),
Swedish böna (“bean”),
Danish bønne (“bean”), Norwegian bønne (“bean”), Icelandic baun (“bean”), Latin faba (“bean”), Russian боб (bob, “bean”), Serbo-Croatian бо̏б/bȍb. Doublet of fava.

The pitcher beaned the batter, rather than letting him hit another home run.

Though I shall have to exercise an iron self-restraint to keep me from beaning that pie-faced little hornswoggler Mrs Bertram Wooster, nee Wickham, with the shaker.
[...]
 dudgeon might easily lead her to reach for the ginger ale bottle and bean me with it.

1960, P. G. Wodehouse, Jeeves in the Offing, chapter IX and XI:

(chiefly baseball) To hit deliberately with a projectile, especially in the head.


finery

en-noun

finery (countable and uncountable, plural fineries)

In front of the finery hearth in which the sow is melted down again, the finer is working with a long iron bar called a ringer (from French 'ringard') with which he keeps the molten iron in motion by stirring, an essential stage in the process of refining.

1957, H.R. Schubert, History of the British Iron and Steel Industry, page 160:

(ironworking) A charcoal hearth or furnace for the conversion of cast iron into wrought iron, or into iron suitable for puddling.


ultimate

ultimate (countable and uncountable, plural ultimates)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-ultimate.wav

* From Medieval Latin ultimātus (“furthest, last”), past participle of Latin ultimō, ultimāre (“to come to an end”), from ultimus (“last, final”). See ultra-.
* (ultimate frisbee): The sport was renamed to avoid the use of the Frisbee trademark.

der

ultimate frisbee
ultimate frisbee#English

(uncountable, sports) Ellipsis of ultimate frisbee/ultimate disc.


flop

en-verb

flop (third-person singular simple present flops, present participle flopping, simple past and past participle flopped)

flops (present singular third-person)
flopping (participle present)
flopped (participle past)
flopped (past)

Recorded since 1602, probably a variant of flap with a duller, heavier sound

It starts with Chris Paul, because Blake didn't really used to flop like that, you know, last year.

While Stern chastised Vogel for on Thursday calling the Heat "the biggest flopping team in the NBA," he did intimate that he sees merit in the sentiment.

(sports, intransitive) To pretend to be fouled in sports, such as basketball, hockey (the same as to dive in soccer)


crab

en-noun

crab (countable and uncountable, plural crabs)

From Middle English crabbe, from Old English crabba (“crab; crayfish; cancer”), from Proto-West Germanic *krabbō, from Proto-Germanic *krabbô, from *krabbōną (“to creep, crawl”), from Proto-Indo-European *grobʰeh₂yéti (“scratch, claw at”), a metathesised o-grade of *gerbʰ-. More at carve.
Cognates
See also Dutch krab, Low German Krabb, Danish krabbe, Swedish krabba.
Further cognates with frequentative-infix are Saterland Frisian krabbelje (“to creep, crawl”), Dutch krabbelen (“to scratch”) and German krabbeln (“to crawl”). Possibly related to English creep and Swedish krypa (“to creep, crawl”) etc.

cog

(rowing) A position in rowing where the oar is pushed under the rigger by the force of the water.


golf

The word is first known in English from the 17th century as a borrowing from Middle Scots golf, gouff. Although the etymology is uncertain, the most likely origin is that it comes from the Middle Dutch colve, colf (“club”), ultimately from Proto-Germanic *kulbaz (“club”), related to German Kolben (“piston, rod”), Swedish kolv (“piston, rod”), Old English clopp (“rock; cliff”).

In January, China’s state planner said it had ordered the closure of more than 100 golf courses in a multi-year campaign launched in 2011 to tackle illegal development in the sector.
Golf has also been added to a list of Communist Party disciplinary violations, and is often cited in cases of graft.

2017 October 16, Adam Jourdan, Matt Miller, “In the rough - China closes Wanda golf courses in chilly northeast”, in Himani Sarkar, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2023-03-18, Business News:

(sports) A ball game played by individuals competing against one another in which the object is to hit a ball into each of a series of (usually 18 or nine) holes in the minimum number of strokes.


garb

From French gerbe; akin to German Garbe. Doublet of gerbe.


glove

From Middle English glove, glofe, from Old English glōf, *glōfe, *glōfa, ("glove"; weak forms attested only in plural form glōfan (“gloves”)), from Proto-Germanic *galōfô (“glove”), from Proto-Germanic *ga- (“collective and associative prefix”) + Proto-Germanic *lōfô (“flat of the hand, palm”), from Proto-Indo-European *lāp-, *lēp-, *lep- (“flat”). Cognate with Scots gluve, gluive (“glove”), Icelandic glófi (“glove”). Related to Middle English lofe, lufe (“palm of the hand”). More at loof.

gloss

"glove"; weak forms attested only in plural form <i class="Latn mention" lang="ang">glōfan</i> (“gloves”)

der

Frederico had a great glove, but he couldn't hit a curveball, so he never broke into the pros.

(baseball, figuratively) The ability to catch a hit ball.


glove

en-verb

glove (third-person singular simple present gloves, present participle gloving, simple past and past participle gloved)

gloves (present singular third-person)
gloving (participle present)
gloved (participle past)
gloved (past)

He gloved the line drive for the third out.

(baseball, transitive) To catch the ball in a baseball mitt.

(cricket) To touch a delivery with one's glove while the gloved hand is on the bat. Under the rules of cricket, the batsman is deemed to have hit the ball.


knock out of the box

knock out of the box (third-person singular simple present knocks out of the box, present participle knocking out of the box, simple past and past participle knocked out of the box)

knocks out of the box (present singular third-person)
knocking out of the box (participle present)
knocked out of the box (participle past)
knocked out of the box (past)

(baseball) To cause a pitcher to be replaced by heavy hitting.


shade

shade (third-person singular simple present shades, present participle shading, simple past and past participle shaded)

shades (present singular third-person)
shading (participle present)
shaded (participle past)
shaded (past)

Noun from Middle English schade, from Old English sċeadu, sċadu (“shadow; shade”), from Proto-West Germanic *skadu, from Proto-Germanic *skadwaz (“shadow; shade”). More at shadow.
Verb from Old English sceadwian, derived from sċeadu, above.

inh

Jones will shade a little to the right on this pitch count.

(intransitive, baseball, of a defensive player) To move slightly from one's normal fielding position.


load

en-verb

load (third-person singular simple present loads, present participle loading, simple past loaded, past participle loaded or (archaic) loaden)

loads (present singular third-person)
loading (participle present)
loaded (past)
loaded (participle past)
loaden (archaic participle past)

The sense of “burden” first arose in the 13th century as a secondary meaning of Middle English lode, loade, which had the main significance of “way, course, journey”, from Old English lād (“course, journey; way, street, waterway; leading, carrying; maintenance, support”) (ultimately from Proto-Germanic *laidō (“leading, way”), Proto-Indo-European *leyt- (“to go, go forth, die”).
Cognate with Middle Low German leide (“entourage, escort”), German Leite (“line, course, load”), Swedish led (“way, trail, line”), Icelandic leið (“way, course, route”)). As such, load is a doublet of lode, which has preserved the older meaning.
Most likely, the semantic extension of the Middle English substantive arose by conflation with the (etymologically unrelated) verb lade; however, Middle English lode occurs only as a substantive; the transitive verb load (“to charge with a load”) is recorded only in the 16th century (frequently in Shakespeare),
and (except for the participle laden) has largely supplanted lade in modern English.

cog

He walks to load the bases.

(transitive, baseball) To put runners on first, second and third bases


support

en-noun

support (countable and uncountable, plural supports)

From Middle English support, from Anglo-Norman and Middle French support. Displaced Old English wraþu.

non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger

Dip down as far as you are able, aiming to descend to the bottom of your sternum. Press back up to a support.

2008, Christopher Sommer, Building the Gymnastic Body, the Science of Gymnastic Strength Training, page 88:

support position
support position#English

(gymnastics) Clipping of support position.


diaphragm

/ˈdaɪəˌfɹæm/

From Ancient Greek διάφραγμα (diáphragma, “partition”), from διά (diá, “across”) and φράγμα (phrágma, “barrier”), from the verb φράσσω (phrássō).

мембра́на

anatomy: separating membrane or sheet of muscle

(optics, photography) A thin opaque structure with a central aperture, used to limit the passage of light into a camera or similar device.

диафра́гма

optics: structure with a central aperture used to limit the passage of light


diaphragm

en-verb

diaphragm (third-person singular simple present diaphragms, present participle diaphragming, simple past and past participle diaphragmed)

diaphragms (present singular third-person)
diaphragming (participle present)
diaphragmed (participle past)
diaphragmed (past)

/ˈdaɪəˌfɹæm/

He employs an equatorial with an object-glass having a focal length of five metres, and which was diaphragmed down to eight centimetres.

1870, D. Appleton & Co., Appletons' Annual Cyclopædia and Register of Important Events of the Year 1869, page 43:

(optics, photography) To reduce lens aperture using an optical diaphragm.


cave

From Middle English cave, borrowed from Old French cave, from Latin cava (“cavity”), from cavus (“hollow”). Cognate with Tocharian B kor (“throat”), Albanian cup (“odd, uneven”), Ancient Greek κύαρ (kúar, “eye of needle, earhole”), Old Armenian սոր (sor, “hole”), Sanskrit शून्य (śūnya, “empty, barren, zero”). Displaced native Old English sċræf. More at cavum, cavus and cage.

cog

It was not strictly a cave, but a narrow fissure in the rock.

(caving) A naturally-occurring cavity in bedrock which is large enough to be entered by an adult.

luola

caving: naturally-occurring cavity large enough to be entered by an adult


smash

en-noun

smash (countable and uncountable, plural smashes)

→ Czech: smeč

→ Serbo-Croatian: smeč

→ Turkish: smaç

From a blend of smack + mash. Compare Swedish smask (“to smack with the lips”), dialectal Swedish smaska (“to smack, kiss”), Danish smaske (“to smack with the lips”), Low German smaksen (“to smack with the lips, kiss”).

cog

A smash may not be as pretty as a good half volley, but it can still win points.

A Nadal forehand into the net gave Djokovic the set and the Spaniard appeared rattled, firing a smash over the baseline in a rare moment of promise at 30-30 at the start of the third.

2011 July 3, Piers Newbury, “Wimbledon 2011: Novak Djokovic beats Rafael Nadal in final”, in BBC Sport:

(tennis) A very hard overhead shot hit sharply downward.


blast

→ Irish: bleaist

From Middle English blast, blest, from Old English blǣst (“blowing, blast”), from Proto-West Germanic *blāstu, from Proto-Germanic *blēstuz (“blowing, blast”).
Cognate with West Frisian blast (“blast”), dialectal Dutch blast (“stubborn intent, drumming”), obsolete German Blast (“wind, blowing”), German blasen (“to blow”), Dutch blazen (“to blow”), Danish blæst (“wind”), French blaser (“to blunt, dull”). More at blow.

cog

Coordinate term: cruise

blast and cruise

(bodybuilding, slang) A period of full dosage of PEDs as opposed to a period of reduced intake.


blast

en-verb

blast (third-person singular simple present blasts, present participle blasting, simple past and past participle blasted)

blasts (present singular third-person)
blasting (participle present)
blasted (participle past)
blasted (past)

⇒ Italian: blastare

From Middle English blasten, blesten, from Old English blǣstan (“to blow, blast”), from Proto-West Germanic *blēstijan, from Proto-Germanic *blēstijaną. Possibly related to Middle High German blesten (“to stand out, plop, splash”).

noncog

A Ricketts and Stuart Holden one-two around the box then created a decent chance for an almost instant equaliser - but Welsh full-back Ricketts blasted over when a calmer finish could have been rewarded.

2010 December 29, Chris Whyatt, “Chelsea 1 - 0 Bolton”, in BBC:

(soccer) To shoot; kick the ball in hope of scoring a goal.

Coordinate term: cruise

blast and cruise

(bodybuilding, slang) To have a period of full dosage of PEDs as opposed to reducing them during a cruise period.


mat

Tok Pisin: mat

→ Japanese: マット (matto)

→ Russian: мат (mat)

→ Spanish: mat

From Middle English matte, from Old English meatte, from Late Latin matta, from Punic or Phoenician (compare Hebrew מיטה \ מִטָּה (mitá, “bed, couch”)).

cog

מיטה \ מִטָּה

The high jumper cleared the bar and landed safely on the mat.

(athletics) A floor pad to protect athletes.


gimme

Don't count two strokes for that — it was a gimme: if I wasn't holding the flag with my other hand for the next players waiting for the hole, it would have gone in.

(colloquial) That which is easy to perform or obtain, especially in sports.

(golf) A tap-in putt, usually a couple inches from the cup.


postage stamp

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-postage stamp.wav

[…] got in on the act himself, firing in an unstoppable shot that arced into the postage stamp top corner of Andy Goram's goal.

2011, Alistair Aird, Ally McCoist - Rangers Legend:

(soccer, slang) The upper left- or right-hand corner of the goal.


garbage

From late Middle English garbage (“the offal of a fowl, giblets, kitchen waste”, originally “refuse, what is purged away”), from Anglo-Norman, from Old French garber (“to refine, make neat or clean”), of Germanic origin, from Frankish *garwijan (“to make ready”).
Akin to Old High German garawan (“to prepare, make ready”), Old English ġearwian (“to make ready, adorn”). More at garb, yare, gear

cog

Yet, even without the three second rule, where your big man could camp underneath and take those delightful “garbage” shots, there was little or no pivot offense, no cutting off the bucket.

[…] the aging pro, in a much-heralded "boys against the girls" tennis match, annihilated Margaret Court with an array of "garbage shots and cotton balls."

1981, Update 1981: The Great Contemporary Issues, New York Times Company, page 78:

(sports, slang, Canada, US, attributive) An easy shot.


clout

en-noun

clout (countable and uncountable, plural clouts)

From Middle English clout, from Old English clūt, from Proto-Germanic *klūtaz, from Proto-Indo-European *gelewdos, from Proto-Indo-European *gel- (“to ball up, amass”). The sense “influence, especially political” originated in the dialect of Chicago, but has become widespread.
cognates and related terms
Cognate with Old Norse klútr (“kerchief”), Swedish klut, Danish klud, Middle High German klōz (“lump”), whence German Kloß, and dialect Russian глуда (gluda). See also cleat.

der

'... allowed Boston to score all of its runs on homers, including a pair of clouts by Jacoby Ellsbury ...'

2011 August 17, Michael Vega, “Triple double”, in The Boston Globe, page C1:

For kings are clouts that euery man ſhoots at,
Our Crowne the pin that thouſands ſeeke to cleaue.

c. 1587–1588, [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], 2nd edition, part 1, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire, London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act II, scene iv:

A’ must shoot nearer or he’ll ne’er hit the clout.

c. 1595–1596 (date written), William Shakespeare, “Loues Labour’s Lost”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene i]:

(archery) The center of the butt at which archers shoot; probably once a piece of white cloth or a nail head.


forward

en-verb

forward (third-person singular simple present forwards, present participle forwarding, simple past and past participle forwarded)

forwards (present singular third-person)
forwarding (participle present)
forwarded (participle past)
forwarded (past)

Dutch: forwarden

From Middle English foreward, from Old English foreweard (“forward, inclined to the front, fore, early, former”), from Proto-Germanic *fura- (“fore-”), *warþaz (“turned”), equivalent to fore + -ward. Cognate with Dutch voorwaarts (“forward”), German vorwärts (“forward”).

der

(transitive, bookbinding) To assemble (a book) by sewing sections, attaching cover boards, and so on.


forward

(rugby) One of the eight players (comprising two props, one hooker, two locks, two flankers and one number eight, collectively known as the pack) whose primary task is to gain and maintain possession of the ball (compare back).

(soccer) A player on a team in football (soccer) in the row nearest to the opposing team's goal, who are therefore principally responsible for scoring goals.

rojník

players nearest to the opposing rugby team

مُهَاجِم

player nearest to the opposing soccer team

(ice hockey) An umbrella term for a centre or winger in ice hockey.

(basketball) The small forward or power forward position; two frontcourt positions that are taller than guards but shorter than centers.


wrist

en-verb

wrist (third-person singular simple present wrists, present participle wristing, simple past and past participle wristed)

wrists (present singular third-person)
wristing (participle present)
wristed (participle past)
wristed (past)

From Middle English wrist, from Old English wrist, from Proto-West Germanic *wristu, from Proto-Germanic *wristuz (compare Old Frisian wrist, Low German Wrist, German Rist (“back of hand, instep, withers”), Swedish vrist), from Proto-Germanic *wrīþaną (“to twist, turn”). More at writhe.


v.

Brown v. Board of Education


ninja

Enter the Ninja
Eric Van Lustbader
Hokusai Manga
Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles
ninja

A romanized borrowing of Japanese 忍者 (ninja), popularized within Japanese by manga after World War II and in English by Eric Van Lustbader's 1980 novel The Ninja and the 1981 movie Enter the Ninja, of uncertain derivation but with an underlying sense of secret or hidden person.
The “Mongolian miner” sense arose from the supposed resemblance of the bowls used to wash ore with mercury to the shells of the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles.
The Juggalo slang sense arose via influence from AAVE nigga.

The men... are now learning to be ninja or ‘stealers-in’.

1964, Ian Fleming, You Only Live Twice, page 126:

Spies prowled Japan from the seventh century, but the secretive ninja left few written records.

(martial arts) A person trained in ninjutsu, especially (historical) one used for espionage, assassination, and other tasks requiring stealth during Japan's shogunate period.


hurdle

→ Japanese: ハードル (hādoru)

From Middle English hurdel, hirdel, herdel, hyrdel, from Old English hyrdel (“frame of intertwined twigs used as a temporary barrier”), diminutive of *hyrd, from Proto-Germanic *hurdiz, from Pre-Germanic *kr̥h₂tis, from Proto-Indo-European *kreh₂-. Cognate with Dutch horde, German Hürde.

inh

He ran in the 100 metres hurdles.

(athletics, equestrianism) An artificial barrier, variously constructed, over which athletes or horses jump in a race.

حَاجِز

artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race


cleaver

From Middle English clevere, equivalent to cleave + -er.

(rowing) A type of oar blade with an asymmetric, mostly rectangular shape that resembles a cleaving knife.


rest

en-noun

rest (countable and uncountable, plural rests)

From Middle English rest, reste, from Old English ræst, from Proto-West Germanic *rastu, from Proto-Germanic *rastō, from Proto-Indo-European *ros-, *res-, *erH- (“rest”). Cognate with West Frisian rêst (“rest”), Dutch rust (“rest”), German Rast (“rest”), Swedish rast (“rest”), Norwegian rest (“rest”), Icelandic röst (“rest”), Old Irish árus (“dwelling”), German Ruhe (“calm”), Albanian resht (“to stop, pause”), Welsh araf (“quiet, calm, gentle”), Lithuanian rovà (“calm”), Ancient Greek ἐρωή (erōḗ, “rest, respite”), Avestan 𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌𐬨𐬈 (aⁱrime, “calm, peaceful”), Sanskrit रमते (rámate, “he stays still, calms down”), Gothic 𐍂𐌹𐌼𐌹𐍃 (rimis, “tranquility”). Related to roo.

rest

stick used to support the cue in snooker

Higgins can't quite reach the white with his cue, so he'll be using the rest.

(snooker, countable) A stick with a U-, V- or X-shaped head used to support the tip of a cue when the cue ball is otherwise out of reach.


hip

en-verb

hip (third-person singular simple present hips, present participle hipping, simple past and past participle hipped)

hips (present singular third-person)
hipping (participle present)
hipped (participle past)
hipped (past)

From Middle English hipe, hupe, from Old English hype, from Proto-Germanic *hupiz (compare Dutch heup, Low German Huop, German Hüfte), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱewb- (compare Welsh cysgu (“to sleep”), Latin cubāre (“to lie”), Ancient Greek κύβος (kúbos, “hollow in the hips”), Albanian sup (“shoulder”), Sanskrit शुप्ति (śúpti, “shoulder”)), from *ḱew- (“to bend”). More at high. The sense "drug addict" derives from addicts lying on their hips while using certain drugs such as opium.

cog

(chiefly sports) To use one's hips to bump into someone.

(wrestling) To throw (one's adversary) over one's hip ("cross-buttock").


roundel

From Middle English roundel, rundel, rondel, from Old French rondel (“something round and flat”), a diminutive of rond (“round”). More at round.

der

(heraldry) A circular spot; a charge in the form of a small coloured circle.

koek

heraldry: a circular spot; a charge in the form of a small coloured circle


meteor

From Middle French météore, from Old French, from Latin meteorum, from Ancient Greek μετέωρον (metéōron), from μετέωρος (metéōros, “raised from the ground, hanging, lofty”), from μετά (metá, “in the midst of, among, between”) (English meta) + ἀείρω (aeírō, “to lift, to heave, to raise up”).
The original sense of “atmospheric phenomenon” gave rise to meteorology, but the meaning of "meteor" is now restricted to extraterrestrial objects burning up as they enter the atmosphere.

(juggling) A prop similar to poi balls, in that it is twirled at the end of a cord or cable.

(martial arts) A striking weapon resembling a track and field hammer consisting of a weight swung at the end of a cable or chain.


dogleg

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-dogleg.wav

The noun is derived from dog + leg, referring to the shape of the hind leg of a dog. The verb is derived from the noun.

colzada

something with a sharp bend or turn in it

(also attributively) Something (such as a canyon or road) with a sharp bend or turn in it.

(golf, disc golf) A sharp bend in the fairway before reaching a hole.

colze

(golf, disc golf) sharp bend in a fairway before reaching a hole


bracer

From Middle English bracer, from Old French braceure; equivalent to brace + -er.

To prevent the bow string from hanging on the left arm, it is covered with a piece of smooth leather, fastened on the outside of the arm, this is called a bracer.

1786, Francis Grose, A Treatise on Ancient Armour and Weapons, page 34:

(archery) A covering to protect the arm of the bowman from the vibration of the string.


kite

The noun is from Middle English kyte, kīte, kete (“a kite endemic to Europe, especially the red kite (Milvus milvus)”), from Old English cȳta (“kite; bittern”), from Proto-West Germanic *kūtijō, diminutive of Proto-Germanic *kūts (“bird of prey”), from Proto-Indo-European *gewH-d- (“to cry, screech”). The English word is cognate with Scots kyt, kyte (“kite; bird of prey”), Middle High German kiuzelīn, kützlīn (“owling”) (modern German Kauz (“owl”)). Possibly a doublet of coot.
Sense 3 (“lightweight toy”) is from the fact that it hovers in the air like the bird.
The verb is derived from the noun.

leko

military aviation, slang: aircraft — see also aircraft

leija

sailing, slang: spinnaker — see also spinnaker

(cycling, slang) A rider who is good at climbs but less good at descents.

катера́ч

cycling, slang: rider who is good at climbs


scatback

(American football) A small lightweight running back valued for speed rather than power.


stripe

From Middle English stripe, strype, from Middle Dutch or Middle Low German strîpe, from Proto-West Germanic *strīpā, *strīpō, from Proto-Germanic *strīpô. Cognate with Saterland Frisian Striepe (“stripe, strip”), West Frisian stripe (“stripe”), Dutch streep (“stripe”), German Low German Striepe, Striep, Streep (“stripe”), German Streifen (“stripe, strip, band”).

cog

(motor racing, slang) The start/finish line.


Tim

(slang, soccer) A supporter of the Scottish football team Celtic F.C..


gusset

From Middle English gusset, gysset, from Old French gosset, gousset (“the hollow of the armpit”).

(heraldry) An ordinary on a coat of arms, resembling a gusset (see usage notes).

gousset

heraldry: an abatement or mark of dishonor in a coat of arms


silk

en-noun

silk (countable and uncountable, plural silks)

From Middle English silk, sylk, selk, selc, from Old English sioloc, seoloc, seolc (“silk”). The immediate source is uncertain; it probably reached English via the Baltic trade routes (cognates in Old Norse silki (> Danish silke, Swedish silke (“silk”)), Russian шёлк (šolk), obsolete Lithuanian zilkaĩ), all ultimately from Late Latin sēricus, from Ancient Greek σηρικός (sērikós), ultimately from an Oriental language (represented now by e.g. Chinese 絲／丝 (sī, “silk”)). Compare Seres. Doublet of seric and serge.

you can't make a silk purse of a sow's ear

(circus arts, in the plural) A pair of long silk sheets suspended in the air on which a performer performs tricks.

(horse racing, usually in the plural) The garments worn by a jockey displaying the colors of the horse's owner.


bounce

en-verb

bounce (third-person singular simple present bounces, present participle bouncing, simple past and past participle bounced)

bounces (present singular third-person)
bouncing (participle present)
bounced (participle past)
bounced (past)

From Middle English bounsen, bunsen (“to beat, thump”), cognate with Scots bunce, bonce (“to bounce”). Of uncertain origin. Perhaps imitative, related to bump, or related to Middle English bonchen (“to pound, beat”) and Dutch bonken (“to bump”).
Compare Saterland Frisian bumzje (“to pound, bang, bounce”), West Frisian bûnzje (“to throb, bounce, pulsate”), Dutch bonzen (“to thump, knock, throb, bounce”), German Low German bunsen, bumsen (“to beat, bounce”), German bumsen (“to thud, bang, pound”).

unc

uncertain

onomatopoeic

imitative

cog

After the mid-air collision, his rig failed and he bounced.

(intransitive, skydiving) To land hard at unsurvivable velocity with fatal results.


cannonball

From cannon + ball from being a round ball that is fired from a cannon.

The New Yorker, 30 August 2004, p.40

The cannonball could be called the S.U.V. of the pool — oversized, brash, hormonally hardwired.

(diving) The act of jumping (typically into a swimming pool) with the legs bent and the arms wrapped around the knees to create a large splash, mimicking the flight and shape of a cannonball.

bommetje

jumping with the legs bent and the arms wrapped around the knees

(tennis) A served ball that travels with great speed and describes little or no arc in flight.


naissant

From French naissant (“being born”). Doublet of nascent.

(heraldry) Having only its forepart shown, especially if because it is issuing from an ordinary or division of the field. (Compare issuant.)


porter

en-noun

porter (countable and uncountable, plural porters)

From Middle English porter, portere, portare, borrowed from Anglo-Norman portour and Old French portier, from Late Latin portarius (“gatekeeper”), from Latin porta (“gate”).

(countable, bowling) An employee who clears and cleans tables and puts bowling balls away.


barrel

From Middle English barel, from Anglo-Norman baril, Old French baril, bareil (“barrel”), of uncertain origin. An attempt to link baril to Old French barre (“bar, bolt”) (compare Medieval Latin barra (“bar, rod”)) via assumed Vulgar Latin *barrīculum meets the phonological requirement, but fails to connect the word semantically. The alternate connection to Frankish *baril, *beril or Gothic 𐌱𐌴𐍂𐌹𐌻𐍃 (bērils, “container for transport”), from Proto-Germanic *barilaz, *bērilaz (“barrel, jug, container”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer- (“to carry, transport”), is more plausible as it connects not only the form of the word but also the sense; equivalent to bear + -le. Compare also Old High German biril (“jug, large pot”), Luxembourgish Bärel, Bierel (“jug, pot”), Old Norse berill (“barrel for liquids”), Old English byrla (“barrel of a horse, trunk, body”). More at bear.

vat

round vessel made from staves bound with a hoop

(surfing) A wave that breaks with a hollow compartment.

tynnyri

surfing: wave that breaks with a hollow compartment

For quotations using this term, see Citations:barrel.

(baseball) A statistic derived from launch angle and exit velocity of a ball hit in play.


AQ

automatic qualifier
automatic qualifier#English

(American football) Initialism of automatic qualifier. Refers to the NCAA Division I FBS conferences whose champions receive automatic bids to the Bowl Championship Series.


rack

From Middle English rakke, rekke, from Middle Dutch rac, recke, rec (Dutch rek), see rekken.

(billiards, snooker) A hollow triangle used for aligning the balls at the start of a game.

rappel rack

abseil rack

(climbing, caving) A friction device for abseiling, consisting of a frame with five or more metal bars, around which the rope is threaded.

I used almost a full rack on the second pitch.

(climbing, slang) A climber's set of equipment for setting up protection and belays, consisting of runners, slings, carabiners, nuts, Friends, etc.


rack

en-verb

rack (third-person singular simple present racks, present participle racking, simple past and past participle racked)

racks (present singular third-person)
racking (participle present)
racked (participle past)
racked (past)
rack (infinitive)

From Old English reċċan (“to stretch out, extend”).

inh

(billiards, snooker, pool) To put the balls into the triangular rack and set them in place on the table.


pine

en-noun

pine (countable and uncountable, plural pines)

From Middle English pyne, from Latin pīnus, from Proto-Indo-European *peyH- (“sap, juice”). Cognate with Sanskrit पितु (pitu, “sap, juice, resin”). Doublet of pinus. Related to fat.

cog

[…] rather than languish on the pine in Miami.

2013, Sam Zygner, The Forgotten Marlins, page 287:

Take off your gear and hit the pine. And don't take your time. You understand me, boy?

2019, Martin Copeland, The Boys from Dogtown:

(sports, uncountable, colloquial) The bench, where players sit when not playing.


knuckle

From Middle English knokel (“finger joint”), from Old English cnucel (“the juncture of two bones; knuckle; joint”), from Proto-West Germanic *knukil, from Proto-Germanic *knukilaz (“knuckle, knot, bump”), as *knukô (“bone, joint”) + *-ilaz (diminutive suffix). Cognate with Dutch knokkel (“knuckle”), Low German Knökel (“knuckle”), German Knöchel (“ankle, knuckle”), Old Norse knykill.

affix

(sports, billiards, snooker, pool) The curved part of the cushion at the entrance to the pockets on a cue sports table.

(skiing, snowboarding) The rounded point where a flat changes to a slope on a piste.


knuckle

en-verb

knuckle (third-person singular simple present knuckles, present participle knuckling, simple past and past participle knuckled)

knuckles (present singular third-person)
knuckling (participle present)
knuckled (participle past)
knuckled (past)

(snowboarding, skiing) To land on the knuckle (sense 9) of a curve of a slope, after a jump off a ramp that precedes the slope.


mallet

From Middle English malet, maylet, from Old French mallet, maillet (“a wooden hammer, mallet”), diminutive of mal, mail (“a hammer”), from Latin malleus (“a hammer, mall, mallet”).

der

I regularly have cause to recall a scene from a novel called Madder Music, by Peter de Vries, in which the main character, a writer who specialises in polo, hears a match announcer telling newcomers to the ground that, contrary to popular belief, the ball is struck with the side of the mallet, rather than the end.

2016 September 13, Tim Dowling, “Order force: the old grammar rule we all obey without realising”, in The Guardian:

(sports) The stick used to strike the ball in the sport of polo.


jail

en-noun

jail (countable and uncountable, plural jails)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: जेल (jel)

Urdu: جیل (jel)

→ Punjabi: ਜੇਲ੍ਹ (jelh)

→ Welsh: jêl, jael

From Middle English gayole, gaylle, gaille, gayle, gaile, via Old French gaiole, gayolle, gaole, from Medieval Latin gabiola, for Late Latin caveola, a diminutive of Latin cavea (“cavity, coop, cage”). Doublet of caveola and related to cage. More at cajole.

(horse racing, uncountable) The condition created by the requirement that a horse claimed in a claiming race not be run at another track for some period of time (usually 30 days).

horse racing: condition of not being able to run at another track for some period of time

väliaikainen kilpailurajoitus myynnin jälkeen


stretch

Esperanto: streĉi

From Middle English strecchen, from Old English streċċan (“to stretch, hold out, extend, spread out, prostrate”), from Proto-West Germanic *strakkjan (“to stretch, make taut or tight”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)treg-, *streg-, *treg- (“stiff, rigid”). Cognate with West Frisian strekke, Dutch strekken (“to stretch, straighten”), German strecken (“to stretch, straighten, elongate”), Danish strække (“to stretch”), Swedish sträcka (“to stretch”), Dutch strak (“taut, tight”), Albanian shtriqem (“to stretch”). More at stark.

cog

time stretch analog-to-digital converter

(baseball) A quick pitching delivery used when runners are on base where the pitcher slides his leg instead of lifting it.

(baseball) A long reach in the direction of the ball with a foot remaining on the base by a first baseman in order to catch the ball sooner.

(horse racing) The homestretch, the final straight section of the track leading to the finish.

The '42 Cardinals are best known for their amazing stretch run. St. Louis won 43 of their last 51 games and came back from a double-digit deficit in games in early August to edge out the Dodgers for the N.L. flag.

2000, Rob Neyer, Eddie Epstein, GBaseball Dynasties: The Greatet Teams of All Time, page 179:

(sports) The period of the season between the trade deadline and the beginning of the playoffs.


through

From Middle English thrugh, thruch, thruh, metathetic variants of thurgh, thurh, from Old English þurh, from Proto-Germanic *þurhw (“through”), from Proto-Indo-European *tr̥h₂kʷe, suffixed zero-grade from *terh₂- (“to pass through”) + *-kʷe (“and”). Cognate with Scots throch (“through”), West Frisian troch (“through”), German durch (“through”), Dutch door (“through”), Gothic 𐌸𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌷 (þairh, “through”), Latin trans (“across, over, through”), Albanian tërthor (“through, around”), Welsh tra (“through”). See also thorough.

thorough

except in compounds such as thoroughfare

With the Swifts calling for offside the striker was through and only a great save from McIlravey prevented the opener.

2015, Steve Grossi, SWFL1: Missed Chances See Swifts Relinquish Top Spot:

(soccer) In possession of the ball beyond the last line of defence but not necessarily the goalkeeper; through on goal.


sacker

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-sacker.wav

The ball crossed the base before he did, but it bounded between the third sacker’s feet, and score two was marked up for Hollis Creek, with nobody out!

1910, George Randolph Chester, chapter 15, in The Early Bird, Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill:

1952, Bernard Malamud, The Natural, New York: Time Reading Program, 1966, “Batter Up!” p. 56,
About forty years ago Pop was the third sacker for the old Sox when they got into their first World Series after twenty years.

2009, John H. Ritter, New York: Philomel, Chapter 35, p. 226,
Reinspired, he sprang from the dugout and ran out to second base so quickly, the Chicago second sacker, Cal McVey, was still walking in from shallow right field.

(baseball, softball, in combination) A baseman (player positioned at or near a base).

The loss of last year’s leading sacker, Kerry Hyder Jr., for the season with an Achilles injury is still problematic.

2017 August 26, Bob Wojnowski, “Wojo: Patriots hand Lions cold glimpse of reality”, in The Detroit News:

line of scrimmage
line of scrimmage#English

(American football) A player who sacks (tackles the offensive quarterback behind the line of scrimmage before he is able to throw a pass).


kamikaze

[ˌkʰɑmɪˈkʰɑːzɪi̯]

Borrowed from Japanese 神風(かみかぜ) (kamikaze, “divine wind”).


chimney

en-verb

chimney (third-person singular simple present chimneys, present participle chimneying, simple past and past participle chimneyed)

chimneys (present singular third-person)
chimneying (participle present)
chimneyed (participle past)
chimneyed (past)

From Middle English chymeney, chymney, chymne, from Old French cheminee, from Late Latin camīnāta, from Latin camīnus, from Ancient Greek κάμῑνος (kámīnos, “furnace”). Doublet of chimenea.

der

(climbing) To negotiate a chimney (narrow vertical cave passage) by pushing against the sides with back, feet, hands, etc.


pylon

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek πυλών (pulṓn, “gateway”).

стълб

a tower like structure used to support high voltage electricity cables

(American football) An orange marker designating one of the four corners of the end zone in American football.


tag

From Middle English tagge (“small piece hanging from a garment”), probably of North Germanic origin. Compare Norwegian tagg (“point; prong; barb; tag”), Swedish tagg (“thorn; prickle; tine”), Icelandic tág (“a willow-twig”). Compare also tack.

cog

The tag was applied at second for the final out.

(heading) Involving being tagged physically.

(baseball) An instance of touching the baserunner with the ball or the ball in a gloved hand to rule him "out."

polttaminen

baseball: instance of touching the baserunner with the ball to rule him "out"


tag

en-verb

tag (third-person singular simple present tags, present participle tagging, simple past and past participle tagged)

tags (present singular third-person)
tagging (participle present)
tagged (participle past)
tagged (past)

He really tagged that ball.

(transitive, baseball, colloquial) To hit the ball hard.

He tagged the runner for the out.

(transitive, baseball) To put a runner out by touching them with the ball or the ball in a gloved hand.


structure

en-noun

structure (countable and uncountable, plural structures)

/ˈstɹʌkt͡ʃɚ/

[ˈstʃɹɐktʃə]

From Middle French structure, from Latin structūra (“a fitting together, adjustment, building, erection, a building, edifice, structure”), from struere, past participle structus (“pile up, arrange, assemble, build”). Compare construct, instruct, destroy, etc.

der

There's lots of structure to be fished along the west shore of the lake; the impoundment submerged a town there when it was built.

(fishing, uncountable) Underwater terrain or objects (such as a dead tree or a submerged car) that tend to attract fish


roll

en-verb

roll (third-person singular simple present rolls, present participle rolling, simple past and past participle rolled)

rolls (present singular third-person)
rolling (participle present)
rolled (participle past)
rolled (past)

From Middle English rollen, partly from Old French roller, roler, röeler, röoler, from Medieval Latin rotulāre (“to roll; to revolve”), from Latin rotula (“a little wheel”), diminutive of rota (“a wheel”); partly from Anglo-Latin rollāre, from the same ultimate source.

rol

to cause something to revolve by turning over and over

rol

to move, or cause to be moved, upon rollers or small wheels

So it was against the run of play that their London rivals took the lead two minutes before the interval through Drogba. He rolled William Gallas inside the area before flashing a stunning finish high past keeper Carlo Cudicini.

2012 April 15, Phil McNulty, “Tottenham 1-5 Chelsea”, in BBC:

Rolled far too easily by Marc-Antoine Fortuné, Demichelis compounded his error by standing on the striker's foot. In the absence of the injured Watson, Gómez converted the penalty.

2014 March 9, Jacob Steinberg, “Wigan shock Manchester City in FA Cup again to reach semi-finals”, in The Guardian:

(transitive, soccer) To slip past (a defender) with the ball.

(transitive, martial arts) To engage in sparring in the context of jujitsu or other grappling disciplines.


organization

en-noun

organization (countable and uncountable, plural organizations)

/ˌɔːɡənaɪˈzeɪʃən/

/ˌɔɹɡənɪˈzeɪʃən/

/ˌɔɹɡnɪˈzeɪʃən/

/ˌɔɹɡənaɪˈzeɪʃən/

/ˌɔɹˈɡænɪzeɪʃən/

Borrowed from Middle French organisation, from Medieval Latin organizātiō; by surface analysis, organize + -ation.

bor+

Appendix:Roget MICRA thesaurus/Class V § 712. Party

Appendix:Roget MICRA thesaurus/Class V § 709. Cooperation

Appendix:Roget MICRA thesaurus/Class VI § 968. Lawyer

He's been in the Dodgers' organization since 2003.

(baseball) A major league club and all its farm teams.


fusil

From Middle English fusill, from Old French fusel, fuisel, from a late Latin diminutive of Latin fūsus (“spindle”).

(heraldry) A bearing of a rhomboidal figure, originally representing a spindle in shape, longer than a heraldic lozenge.


soft

en-adj

soft (comparative softer, superlative softest)

softer (comparative)
softest (superlative)

hard

antonym(s) of “giving way under pressure”

firm

antonym(s) of “lacking strength or resolve”

From Middle English softe, from Old English sōfte, alteration of earlier sēfte (“soft”), from Proto-West Germanic *samft(ī) (“level, even, smooth, soft, gentle”) (compare *sōmiz (“agreeable, fitting”)), from Proto-Indo-European *semptio-, *semtio-, from *sem- (“one, whole”). Cognate with West Frisian sêft (“gentle; soft”), Dutch zacht (“soft”), German Low German sacht (“soft”), German sanft (“soft, yielding”), Old Norse sœmr (“agreeable, fitting”), samr (“same”). More at seem, same.

inh

(photography, of light) Made up of nonparallel rays, tending to wrap around a subject and produce diffuse shadows.


soft

(motor racing) Ellipsis of soft tyre. (A tyre whose compound is softer than mediums, and harder than supersofts.)


tight

en-adj

tight (comparative tighter, superlative tightest)

tighter (comparative)
tightest (superlative)

baggy

firmly held together; of clothing or other material

slack

antonym(s) of “well-rehearsed and accurate”

From Middle English tight, tyght, tyȝt, tiht, variants of thight, thiht, from Old English *þiht, *þīht (attested in meteþiht), from Proto-West Germanic *þį̄ht(ī), from Proto-Germanic *þinhtaz, from Proto-Indo-European *tenkt- (“dense, thick, tight”), from Proto-Indo-European *ten- (“to stretch, pull”).
Cognate with Scots ticht, West Frisian ticht, Danish tæt, Icelandic þéttur (“dense”), Norwegian tett, Swedish tät, Dutch dicht (“dense”), German dicht (“dense”).
The current form with t- /t/ rather than etymologically-expected th- /θ/ arose in Middle English under the influence of the etymologically-unrelated verbs tighten and tight.

der

The odd thing was that Sunderland made the better start and showed early signs that they might pose serious problems to the Premier League’s tightest defence.

2014 October 18, Paul Doyle, “Southampton hammer eight past hapless Sunderland in barmy encounter”, in The Guardian:

Well-rehearsed and accurate in execution.

(US, slang, motor racing) A car with understeer, primarily used to describe NASCAR stock cars.


transfer

en-noun

transfer (countable and uncountable, plural transfers)

/tɹɑːnsˈfɜː/

(sports) A person who transfers or is transferred from one club or team to another.


target

→ Japanese: ターゲット (tāgetto)

From Middle French targette, targuete, diminutive of targe (“light shield”), from Old French, from Frankish *targa (“buckler”), akin to Old Norse targa (“small round shield”) (whence also Old English targe, targa (“shield”)) from Proto-Germanic *targǭ (“edge”), from Proto-Indo-European *derǵʰ- (“fenced lot”). Akin to Old High German zarga (“side wall, rim”) (German Zarge (“frame”)), Spanish tarjeta (“card”).

cog

The fourth field is also party per pale, and for the dutchy of Genevois, contains chequered Or and azure: The sinister for the dutchy of Montserat, a target, gules. The point Or is a black eagle of the county of Maurienne.

1762, Anton Friedrich Büsching, A New System of Geography: In which is Given, a General Account of the Situation and Limits, the Manners, History, and Constitution, of the Several Kingdoms and States of the Known World, page 12:

(heraldry) A bearing representing a buckler.

A kind of shield:
A bearing representing a buckler.

He made a good target.

(sports) The pattern or arrangement of a series of hits made by a marksman on a butt or mark.

(cricket) the number of runs that the side batting last needs to score in the final innings in order to win


charge

en-noun

charge (countable and uncountable, plural charges)

From Middle English chargen, from Old French chargier, from Late Latin carricō (“to load”), from Latin carrus (“a car, wagon”); see car. Doublet of cargo.

(basketball) An offensive foul in which the player with the ball moves into a stationary defender.

(heraldry) An image displayed on an escutcheon.

紋章

heraldry: image displayed on an escutcheon

(farriery) A sort of plaster or ointment.


charge

en-verb

charge (third-person singular simple present charges, present participle charging, simple past and past participle charged)

charges (present singular third-person)
charging (participle present)
charged (participle past)
charged (past)

desc

→ Cantonese: 叉廚／叉厨 (caa¹ cyu⁴), 叉 (caa¹)

→ Kashubian: czardżowac (United States)

→ Malay: caj, cas

→ Swahili: chaji

yükləmək

to place a burden upon, to assign a duty

yükləmək

to load equipment with material required for its use

He charges three roses.

(transitive) To place a burden, load or responsibility on or in.

He charges his shield with three roses or.

(intransitive) To move forward quickly and forcefully, particularly in combat and/or on horseback.

(cricket, of a batsman) To take a few steps down the pitch towards the bowler as they deliver the ball, either to disrupt the length of the delivery, or to get into a better position to hit the ball.

charger

cricket: to take a few steps down the pitch towards the bowler as he delivers the ball


flavor

en-noun

flavor (countable and uncountable, plural flavors)

From Middle English flavour meaning “smell, odour”, usually pleasing, borrowed from Old French flaour (“smell, odour”), from Vulgar Latin *flātor (“odour, that which blows”), from Latin flātor (“blower”), from flō, flāre (“to blow, puff”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰleh₁- (“to blow”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰel- (“to make a loud noise”). Doublet of blow and bleat.

smaak

the quality produced by the sensation of taste

Who brings the flavor? / That's me, that's me / Who brings the flavor? / That's me. I got it

1993, “Bring The Flavor”, in Black Reign, performed by Queen Latifah:


musket

First attested around 1210 as a surname, and later in the 1400s as a word for the sparrowhawk (Middle English forms: musket, muskett, muskete (“sparrow hawk”)), from Middle French mousquet, from Old Italian moschetto (a diminutive of mosca (“fly”), from Latin musca) used to refer initially to a sparrowhawk (given its small size or speckled appearance) and then a crossbow arrow. The name was subsequently adopted for a heavier, shoulder-fired version of an arquebus, adhering to a pattern of naming firearms and cannons after birds of prey and similar creatures (compare falcon, falconet), a sense which was also borrowed into French and then (around 1580) into English. Cognate to Spanish mosquete, Portuguese mosquete. Smoothbore firearms continued to be called muskets even as they switched from using matchlocks to flintlocks to percussion locks, but with the advent of rifled muskets, the word was finally displaced by rifle.

Eurasian sparrowhawk
Eurasian sparrowhawk

Accipiter nisus
Accipiter nisus#Translingual

(falconry) A male Eurasian sparrowhawk (Accipiter nisus).


simulation

en-noun

simulation (countable and uncountable, plural simulations)

→ Japanese: シミュレーション (shimyurēshon)

First attested in 1340 as Middle English symulacioun, from Middle French simulation, from Old French simulation/simulacion, from Latin simulātiōnem, from simulō (“imitate”).
Morphologically simulate + -ion.

"Players are very good at simulation," said Premier League referee Graham Poll. "I'm not saying they do practice, but I find it hard to believe they are so good at something without practicing. We have to issue more cards because it is the only way we can stop simulation spoiling the game. It is a cancer."

2004 April 19, Ravi Ubha, “Inside Soccer: FIFA gives Cameroon short(s) shrift”, in Seattle Post-Intelligencer:

In the build-up to the second spot-kick, André Villas-Boas felt United striker Danny Welbeck had deliberately tripped over the leg of Branislav Ivanovic rather than an intentional foul being committed. "Referees have pretty clear orders on simulation, but it is difficult for them to assess the difference between simulation and fouls in those situations," he said.

2012 February 11, “AVB wants action on simulation”, in Belfast Telegraph:

(soccer) The act of falling over in order to be awarded a foul, when no foul has been committed.


pocket

From Middle English pocket (“bag, sack”), from Anglo-Norman poket, Old Northern French poquet, poquete, diminutive of poque, poke (“bag, sack”) (compare modern Norman pouquette and modern French pochette from Old French pochete, from puche), from Frankish *pokā (“pouch”), from Proto-Germanic *pukkô, *pukô (“bag; pouch”), from Proto-Indo-European *bew- (“to blow, swell”). Doublet of pochette. Cognate with Middle Dutch poke, Alemannic German Pfoch (“purse, bag”), Old English pocca, pohha (“poke, pouch, pocket, bag”), Old Norse poki (“bag, pocket”). Compare the related poke (“sack or bag”). See also Modern French pochette and Latin bucca.

der

is that a gun in your pocket or are you just pleased to see me

(sports, billiards, pool, snooker) An indention and cavity with a net sack or similar structure (into which the balls are to be struck) at each corner and one centered on each side of a pool or snooker table.

գնդապարկ

billiards: net into which balls are struck

For many years, the popular belief among NFL analysts was that the success of an NFL team comes with a quarterback who can stand tall in the pocket and deliver the ball downfield. Members of the elite group of active quarterbacks, Peyton Manning, Tom Brady and Drew Brees, for instance, also earned their reputation by making plays almost exclusively from the pocket.

2014 June 20, Gregor Bozic, "Ramblings: Classic Pocket Passers versus Mobile Quarterbacks", Football Outsiders

With some notable exceptions, NFL teams that are successful on dropbacks outside the pocket have tended to win more games

2019 Dec. 6, Josh Hermsmeyer, "Teams Are Excelling when Their QBs Leave the Pocket. Can that Continue?", FiveThirtyEight

The Pocket Area is the area between the outside edges of the normal tackle positions on each side of the center extending backward to the offensive team's end line. After the ball leaves the pocket area, this area no longer exists.

2021, Official Playing Rules of the National Football League, §26: Pocket Area

intentional grounding
intentional grounding

(American football) The area behind the line of scrimmage subject to certain rules regarding intentional grounding, illegal contact, etc., formally extending to the end zone but more usually understood as the central area around the quarterback directly protected by the offensive line.

Matt Stevens was crumpled by Euan Murray in another scrum, allowing Parks to kick for the corner, and when Richie Gray's clean take from the subsequent line-out set up a series of drives under the posts, Parks was back in the pocket to belt over a drop-goal to make it 9-3 at the interval.

2011 October 1, Tom Fordyce, “Rugby World Cup 2011: England 16-12 Scotland”, in BBC Sport:

(rugby) The position held by a second defensive middle, where an advanced middle must retreat after making a touch on the attacking middle.

(surfing) The unbroken part of a wave that offers the surfer the most power.

(bowling) The ideal point where the pins are hit by the bowling ball.


pocket

en-verb

pocket (third-person singular simple present pockets, present participle pocketing, simple past and past participle pocketed)

pockets (present singular third-person)
pocketing (participle present)
pocketed (participle past)
pocketed (past)

(billiards, snooker, pool) To cause a ball to go into one of the pockets of the table; to complete a shot.

вкарвам

to cause a ball to go into a pocket of a billiard table


plough

plough (third-person singular simple present ploughs, present participle ploughing, simple past and past participle ploughed)

ploughs (present singular third-person)
ploughing (participle present)
ploughed (participle past)
ploughed (past)

From Middle English plouh, plow, plugh(e), plough(e), plouw, from Old English plōh (“hide of land, ploughland”) and Old Norse plógr (“plough (the implement)”), both from Proto-Germanic *plōgaz, *plōguz (“plough”). Cognate with Scots pleuch, plou, North Frisian plog, West Frisian ploech, Low German Ploog, Dutch ploeg, Russian плуг (plug), German Pflug, Danish plov, Swedish and Norwegian plog, Icelandic plógur. Replaced Old English sulh (“plough, furrow”); see sullow.

der

(bookbinding) To trim, or shave off the edges of, as a book or paper, with a plough.


strand

en-verb

strand (third-person singular simple present strands, present participle stranding, simple past and past participle stranded)

strands (present singular third-person)
stranding (participle present)
stranded (participle past)
stranded (past)

* From Middle English strand, strond, from Old English strand (“strand, sea-shore, shore”), from Proto-West Germanic *strand, from Proto-Germanic *strandō (“edge, rim, shore”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)trAnt- (“strand, border, field”), from Proto-Indo-European *ster- (“to broaden, spread out”). Cognate with West Frisian strân, Dutch strand, German Strand, Danish strand, Swedish strand, Norwegian Bokmål strand, Icelandic strönd.
* (street): Perhaps from the similarity of shape.

der

Jones pops up; that's going to strand a pair.

(transitive, baseball) To cause the third out of an inning to be made, leaving a runner on base.


salient

en-adj

salient (comparative more salient, superlative most salient)

more salient (comparative)
most salient (superlative)

The heraldic sense “leaping” and the sense “projecting outward” are borrowed from Latin salientem, the accusative form of saliēns (“springing, leaping”), present participle of saliō (“leap, spring”, verb). The senses “prominent” and “pertinent” are relatively recent, and derive from the phrase salient point, which is a calque of the Latin punctum saliēns, a translation of Aristotle's term for the embryonal heart visible in (opened) eggs, which he thought seemed to move already. Compare also the German calque der springende Punkt.

a lion salient

(heraldry, usually of a quadruped) Depicted in a leaping posture.


speedball

en-noun

speedball (countable and uncountable, plural speedballs)

(uncountable, sports) A competitive variant of paintball with an equal playing field, contrasted with woodsball.

(uncountable, sports) An Egyptian racquet sport.


pump

From Middle English pumpe, possibly from Middle Dutch pompe (“pipe, water conduit”) or Middle Low German pumpe (“pump”), probably ultimately imitative.
Compare Dutch pompen, German pumpen, and Danish pompe; also Spanish bomba (“pump”).

onomatopoeic

imitative

Want a skin-stretching pump? Up the volume by using high-rep sets.
A great pump is better than coming. (Arnold Schwarzenegger)

2010, Eric Velazquez, “Power Pairings”, in Reps!, 17:83:

(bodybuilding, climbing) A swelling of the muscles caused by increased blood flow following high intensity weightlifting.


pump

en-verb

pump (third-person singular simple present pumps, present participle pumping, simple past and past participle pumped)

pumps (present singular third-person)
pumping (participle present)
pumped (participle past)
pumped (past)

⇒ Czech: pumpovat

→ Thai: ปั๊ม (bpám)

onomatopoeic

imitative

(bodybuilding) To enlarge the body by means of weightlifting or steroid use.

Blackburn pumped long balls towards Diouf as they became increasingly desperate to salvage a point, but Wigan held on for a win that may prove crucial in their quest for Premier League survival.

2011 February 5, Michael Da Silva, “Wigan 4 - 3 Blackburn”, in BBC:

(sports) To kick, throw, or hit the ball far and high.

tykittää

sports: to kick, throw or hit the ball far and high


left field

en-noun

left field (countable and uncountable, plural left fields)

The double, by pinch-hitter Ruben Sierra, curved sharply toward foul ground in deep left field but then changed its mind and hit the line instead—a big hit, and a smile at last from the great and enigmatically difficult game.

(baseball) The part of a baseball field which is beyond the infield and to the left of a person standing on home plate and facing the pitcher.

(baseball) The defensive position in the outfield to the left.


presentation

presentation (countable and uncountable, plural presentations)

/ˌpɹɛzənˈteɪʃən/

From Old French presentation (French présentation), from Latin praesentātiōnem, accusative singular of praesentātiō (“representation, exhibition”).
Morphologically present + -ation

(fencing) Offering one's blade for engagement by the opponent.


stemming

stemming (countable and uncountable, plural stemmings)

(climbing) The technique of bridging between two holds with hands and/or feet, applying forces to each in opposing directions in order to brace oneself in position.


trick

From Middle English trikke, from Old Northern French trique (related to Old French trichier (“to defraud, act dishonestly, conceal, deceive, cheat”); > modern French tricher), itself possibly from Middle High German trechen (“to launch a shot at, play a trick on”), or one of its derivatives (e.g. Middle High German ūftrechen (“to do something to someone, hurt someone”), vertrechen (“to conceal, get over on someone”), zuotrechen (“to obtain falsely or deceitfully, wangle, finagle”), etc.); yet the Old French verb is equally likely to be derived from Vulgar Latin *triccāre, from Late Latin tricāre, from Latin trīcor, trīcārī (“dodge, search for detours; haggle, quibble”).
The term has been connected to Middle Dutch treck, trec (“draw, line, desire, game move, cord, stratagem, ruse, trick”), from Middle Dutch trekken, trēken (“to pull, place, put, move”), from Old Dutch *trekken, *trekan (“to move, drag”), from Proto-Germanic *trakjaną, *trekaną (“to drag, scrape, pull”), from Proto-Indo-European *dreg- (“to drag, scrape”). If they are related, trick would be cognate with Low German trekken, Middle High German trecken, trechen, Danish trække, and Old Frisian trekka, Romanian truc and other Romance languages.
Compare track, treachery, trig, and trigger.

der

Heraldic Collections of various Heralds and others, containing Arms blazoned and in trick, grants of arms, pedigrees, etc.

1892, George Gatfield, Guide to Printed Books and Manuscripts Relating to English and Foreign Heraldry, page 12:

The trick […] might be meant for a lion passant or for one rampant embelif […]

2009, Thomas Daniel Tremlett, Hugh Stanford London, Rolls of Arms, Henry III., page 132:

(heraldry) A representation of arms that is drawn as an outline with labels to indicate colors.


trick

en-verb

trick (third-person singular simple present tricks, present participle tricking, simple past and past participle tricked)

tricks (present singular third-person)
tricking (participle present)
tricked (participle past)
tricked (past)

The rugged Pyrrhus, he whose sable arms, / Black as his purpose, did the night resemble / When he lay couched in the ominous horse, / Hath now this dread and black complexion smear'd / With heraldry more dismal; head to foot / Now is he total gules; horridly trick'd / With blood of fathers, mothers, daughters, sons […]

c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene ii]:

They forget that they are in the statutes: […] there they are trick'd, they and their pedigrees.

1601, Ben Jonson, Poetaster or The Arraignment: […], London: […] [R. Bradock] for M[atthew] L[ownes] […], published 1602, →OCLC, Act I:

(heraldry) To draw (as contrasted with to blazon, which is to describe in words).


goofy

From the way the Disney character Goofy was first depicted surfing, with right foot forward.

(surfing, snowboarding) Riding with the right foot forward.


goofy

(surfing, snowboarding) One who rides with the right foot forward.


octave

From Latin octavus (“eighth”). Doublet of octavo, ochava, and oitava.

Octave in the Encyclopædia Britannica (11th edition, 1911)

If they always do a lateral parry quarte, and never a semicircular octave, that gives you an opening.

2009, Ray Finkleman, (Please provide the book title or journal name):

(fencing) The eighth defensive position, with the sword hand held at waist height, and the tip of the sword out straight at knee level.


ill

en-adj

ill (comparative worse or iller or more ill, superlative worst or illest or most)

worse (comparative)
iller (comparative)
more ill (comparative)
worst (superlative)
illest (superlative)
most (superlative)

fine

antonym(s) of “suffering from a disease”

From Middle English ille (“evil; wicked”), from Old Norse illr (adj), illa (adverb), ilt (noun) (whence Icelandic illur, Norwegian ille, Danish ilde), from Proto-Germanic *ilhilaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁elḱ- (whence Latin ulcus (“sore”), Ancient Greek ἕλκος (hélkos, “wound, ulcer”), Sanskrit अर्शस् (árśas, “hemorrhoids”).

cog

it's an ill bird that fouls its own nest

it's an ill wind that blows nobody any good

it's an ill wind that blows no one any good

Biggie Smalls is the illest / Your style is played out, like Arnold wonderin "Whatchu talkin bout, Willis?"

1994, Biggie Smalls (lyrics and music), “The What”:

(slang, chiefly hip-hop) Sublime, with the connotation of being so in a singularly creative way.


click

From Middle English cleken, a variant of clechen (“to grab”), perhaps from Old English *clēċan, *clǣċan, a byform of clyċċan (“to clutch”). More at clutch.

inside click; outside click; cross click


defend

en-verb

defend (third-person singular simple present defends, present participle defending, simple past and past participle defended)

defends (present singular third-person)
defending (participle present)
defended (participle past)
defended (past)

From Middle English defenden, from Old French defendre, deffendre (Modern French défendre), from Latin dēfendō (“to ward off”), from Proto-Italic *fendō, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰen-. Displaced native Old English bewerian.

(sports) To focus one's energies and talents on preventing opponents from scoring, as opposed to focusing on scoring.

(sports) To attempt to retain a title, or attempt to reach the same stage in a competition as one did in the previous instance of that competition.


delivery

en-noun

delivery (countable and uncountable, plural deliveries)

From Middle English deliveri et al., from Anglo-Norman, from Old French delivrer.

His delivery has a catch in it.

Here is the delivery; ... strike three!

(curling) The process of throwing a stone.

The win was secured with another moment of significance four minutes from time when captain Harry Kane, who had once again struggled to influence the game, headed in from substitute Jack Grealish's perfect delivery for his first goal of Euro 2020.

2021 June 29, Phil McNulty, “England 2-0 Germany”, in BBC Sport:


rap

en-verb

rap (third-person singular simple present raps, present participle rapping, simple past and past participle rapped)

raps (present singular third-person)
rapping (participle present)
rapped (participle past)
rapped (past)

From Middle English rappen, of North Germanic origin, related to Swedish rappa (“to strike, beat, rap”), German rappeln (“to rattle”).

(metalworking) To free (a pattern) in a mould by light blows on the pattern, so as to facilitate its removal.


blitz

en-noun

blitz (countable and uncountable, plural blitzes)

Clipping of blitzkrieg, from German Blitzkrieg (literally “lightning war”).

der

(countable, American football) A play in which additional defenders beyond the defensive linemen rush the passer.

(fishing) An occurrence in which large numbers of fish, typically striped bass or bluefish, feed on a school of baitfish, typically one in which the occurrence can be seen from the surface.


blitz

en-verb

blitz (third-person singular simple present blitzes, present participle blitzing, simple past and past participle blitzed)

blitzes (present singular third-person)
blitzing (participle present)
blitzed (participle past)
blitzed (past)

The Washington High defense almost always blitzes on third down.

(intransitive, American football) To perform a blitz.


lance

From Middle English launce, from Old French lance, from Latin lancea.

(fishing) A spear or harpoon used by whalers and fishermen.


butt

From Middle English but, butte (“goal, mark, butt of land”), from Old English byt, bytt (“small piece of land”) and *butt (attested in diminutive Old English buttuc (“end, small piece of land”) > English buttock), from Proto-West Germanic *butt, from Proto-Germanic *buttaz (“end, piece”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰudʰnós (“bottom”), later thematic variant of Proto-Indo-European *bʰudʰmḗn ~ *bʰudʰn-, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ- (“deep”). Cognate with Norwegian butt (“stump, block”), Icelandic bútur (“piece, fragment”), Low German butt (“blunt, clumsy”). Influenced by Old French but, butte (“but, mark”), ultimately from the same Germanic source. Compare also Albanian bythë (“buttocks”), Ancient Greek πυθμήν (puthmḗn, “bottom of vessel”), Latin fundus (“bottom”) and Sanskrit बुध्न (budhná, “bottom”), from the same Proto-Indo-European root. Related to bottom, boot.
 PIE word
 *bʰudʰmḗn.

приклад

larger or thicker end of anything; blunt end

perä

end of something, often distinguished from other end

(countable, generally) An end of something, often distinguished in some way from the other end.

(lacrosse) The plastic or rubber cap used to cover the open end of a lacrosse stick's shaft in order to reduce injury.


limit

German: Limit

From Middle English limit, from Old French limit, from Latin līmes (“a cross-path or balk between fields, hence a boundary, boundary line or wall, any path or road, border, limit”). Displaced native Old English ġemǣre. Doublet of limes.

der

(cycling) The first group of riders to depart in a handicap race.


possession

en-noun

possession (countable and uncountable, plural possessions)

absence

antonym(s) of “taking, holding, keeping something as one's own”

مَسّ

the state of being possessed by a spirit or demon

The scoreboard shows a little football symbol next to the name of the team that has possession.

Their first half was marred by the entire side playing too deep, completely unable to build up any form of decent possession once the ball left their bewildered defence.

2010 December 29, Chris Whyatt, “Chelsea 1 - 0 Bolton”, in BBC:

(sports) Control of the ball; the opportunity to be on the offensive.

اِسْتِحْوَاذ

control of the ball in a disputed sports game


shield

From Middle English scheld, shelde, from Old English scield (“shield”), from Proto-West Germanic *skeldu, from Proto-Germanic *skelduz (“shield”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kelH- (“cut, split”). Cognate with West Frisian skyld, Dutch schild (“shield”), German Schild (“shield”), Danish skjold (“shield”), Icelandic skjöldur (“shield”) and Faroese skjøldur (“shield”).
Compare Latin scūtum (“shield”), Irish sciath (“shield”), Latgalian škīda (“shield”), Lithuanian skydas (“shield”), Russian щит (ščit, “shield”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewH- (“to cover, protect”), *skey- (“to cut, split”).

noncog

The second and third quarters of the shield are indecipherable on the stone but clearer in two other representations of the arms, a painted wooden funeral hatchment for Mary Davie[…]

2012 October 8, Daniel W. Patterson, The True Image: Gravestone Art and the Culture of Scotch Irish Settlers in the Pennsylvania and Carolina Backcountry, UNC Press Books, →ISBN, page 141:

A shape like that of a shield; usually, an inverted triangle with sides that curve inward to form a pointed bottom, commonly used for police identifications and company logos.

(heraldry) The escutcheon or field on which are placed the bearings in coats of arms.


kung fu

en-noun

kung fu (countable and uncountable, plural kung fu)

From the Wade–Giles romanization of Mandarin 功夫 (gōngfu, “skill, accomplishment, martial art”): kung¹-fu⁵.

bor

(martial arts) The Chinese martial arts collectively.


rampant

en-adj

rampant (comparative more rampant, superlative most rampant)

more rampant (comparative)
most rampant (superlative)

From Middle English rampand, rampend, present participle of rampen (“to rise by climbing, shoot up, sprout, sty, ascend”), from Old French ramper (“to creep, climb”) (see below), equivalent to ramp + -and or ramp + -ant. Recorded since 1382, "standing on the hind legs" (as in heraldry), later, "fierce, ravenous" (1387). Compare Scots rampand (“rampant”).
Alternatively from Middle English *rampant, from Old French rampant, the present participle of ramper (“to creep, climb”), equivalent to ramp + -ant. Old French ramper derives from Frankish *rampōn, *hrampōn (“to hook, grapple, climb”), from *rampa, *hrampa (“hook, claw, talon”), from Proto-Germanic *hrempaną (“to curve, shrivel, shrink, wrinkle”).

der

‘I forget your coat of arms.’
‘A human foot d’or, in a field azure; the foot crushes a serpent rampant whose fangs are imbedded in the heel.’

1846, Edgar Allan Poe, The Cask of Amontillado:

little pieces of moustache on his upper lip, like a pair of minnows rampant

(heraldry) Rearing up, especially on its hind leg(s), with a foreleg raised and in profile.


offy

From off (“first element of noun”) + -y (“diminutive suffix”).

suffix

(Australia, cricket, slang) An off break.

(Australia, cricket, slang) An off spinner.


helmet

→ Korean: 헬멧 (helmet)

→ Palauan: hermet

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਹੈਲਮਟ (hailmaṭ)

Shahmukhi script: ہیلمٹ (hailmaṭ)

→ Swahili: helmeti

→ Welsh: helmed

From Middle English helmet, helmett, a borrowing from Old French helmet, heaumet, a diminutive of helme (Modern French heaume), equivalent to helm + -et. The Old French is itself of Germanic origin (whence Old English helm). Used in English since the 15th century, it has largely displaced helm as the general word.

(clothing) A hard, protective head covering, typically part of armour.

(heraldry) Such a helm when placed above a shield on a coat of arms.


armed

From arm (“the upper limb of the body”) + -ed.

(heraldry, of animals) Having horns, claws, teeth, a beak, etc. in a particular tincture, as contrasted with that of the animal as a whole.