square

→ Welsh: sgwâr

From Middle English square, sqware, squyre; from Old French esquarre, esquerre, (modern French équerre), from Vulgar Latin *exquadra, from Latin ex- + quadro, from quadrus (compare English quad and quadra). Doublet of squad and squadra.
Displaced Old English fēowerecge (fēower nominative + ecg accusative, as in "four-edged").

(roofing) A unit used in measuring roof area equivalent to 100 square feet (9.29 m²) of roof area. The materials for roofing jobs are often billed by the square in the United States.


rake

The origin of the verb is uncertain. The noun is probably derived from the verb.
possibly related terms
* German ragen (“to rise up out of; to jut or stick out”), from Middle High German ragen (compare Middle Dutch rāgen, Middle Low German rāgen), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁erǵʰ- (“to go up, rise”); and
* Middle Dutch rāken (“to acquire; to hit (not miss); to reach; to touch”) (modern Dutch raken (“to hit (not miss); to touch; to become”)), Middle Low German rāken, rōken (“to hit (not miss); to reach; to touch”), from Proto-Germanic *rakōną (“to take a course or direction; to run”) (see further at etymology 4).

ref

From “Grinding and Setting Lathe and Planer Cutting Tools”, in Canadian Machinery and Manufacturing News, volume XVIII, number 1, Toronto, Ont.: MacLean Publishing Company, 1917 July 5, →OCLC, page 21.

der

(roofing) The sloped edge of a roof at or adjacent to the first or last rafter.


aggregate

en-noun

aggregate (countable and uncountable, plural aggregates)

From Middle English aggregat(e) (“a sum, unit, complex, aggregate”), borrowed from New Latin aggregātum (“an aggregate”), substantivized from the nominative neuter singular of aggregātus, the perfect passive participle of aggregō (“to flock together”), from ad- (“at, to, toward”)) + gregō (“to flock or group”), from grex (“flock”, greg- in compounds) + -ō (verb-forming suffix). See also egregious and gregarious.

inh

/ˈæɡ.ɹɪ.ɡət/

(roofing) Crushed stone, crushed slag or water-worn gravel used for surfacing a built-up roof system.


course

→ Gulf Arabic: كورس (kōrs)

From Middle English cours, from Old French cours, from Latin cursus (“course of a race”), from currō (“run”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱers- (“to run”). Doublet of cursus and cour.

polku

path that something or someone moves along

the course of true love never did run smooth

(roofing) A row of material that forms the roofing, waterproofing or flashing system.

kerros

roofing: row of material that forms the roofing


broom

en-verb

broom (third-person singular simple present brooms, present participle brooming, simple past and past participle broomed)

brooms (present singular third-person)
brooming (participle present)
broomed (participle past)
broomed (past)

Inherited from Middle English brom, from Old English brōm (“brushwood”), from Proto-West Germanic *brām (“bramble”) (compare Saterland Frisian Brom, West Frisian brem, Dutch braam, German Low German Braam), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrem-, from *bʰer- ‘edge’. Related to brim, brink.
Replaced English besom (from Old English besma (“broom, rod”)), which is now restricted in meaning to a particular kind of broom.
(shotgun): So called because it is (like the cleaning utensil) long and held similarly to a besom and “cleans” what is in front.

(roofing) To improve the embedding of a membrane by using a broom or squeegee to smooth it out and ensure contact with the adhesive under the membrane.


fleece

en-noun

fleece (countable and uncountable, plural fleeces)

From Middle English flees, flese, flus, fleos, from Old English flēos, flīes, flȳs, from Proto-West Germanic *fleus.

(roofing) Mat or felts composed of fibers, sometimes used as a membrane backer.


kneecap

(roofing) A metal cover trim that fits over a panel rib after it has been cut and bent.


gusset

From Middle English gusset, gysset, from Old French gosset, gousset (“the hollow of the armpit”), diminutive of gose, gosse (“bean pod, hull, husk”).

(roofing) A large flat metal piece wider than the valley to help prevent build-up at the base of the valley, either from debris or ice dam formations.


spud

en-verb

spud (third-person singular simple present spuds, present participle spudding, simple past and past participle spudded)

spuds (present singular third-person)
spudding (participle present)
spudded (participle past)
spudded (past)

From Middle English spudde (“small knife”). Origin unknown; probably related to Danish spyd, Old Norse spjót (“spear”), German Spieß (“spear; spike; skewer”). Compare English spit (“sharp, pointed rod”). The use of the term for a potato was perhaps first used in New Zealand and Australian dialect and slang.

(roofing) To remove the roofing aggregate and most of the bituminous top coating by scraping and chipping.


recover

recover (third-person singular simple present recovers, present participle recovering, simple past and past participle recovered)

recovers (present singular third-person)
recovering (participle present)
recovered (participle past)
recovered (past)
re-cover (alternative)
recovre (alternative)

(roofing) To add a new roof membrane or steep-slope covering over an existing one.


striation

en-noun

striation (countable and uncountable, plural striations)

(roofing) a parallel series of small grooves, channels, or impressions typically within a metal roof panel used to help reduce the potential for oil-canning.


buckle

buckle (countable and uncountable, plural buckles)

Origin uncertain. Probably from Middle English bokelen (“to arch the body”), from Middle French boucler (“to bulge”, literally “to take the shape of a shield boss”), from the same ultimate origin as Etymology 1 above. In some senses, possibly from buck (“to bend, yield, buckle”) + -le (frequentative suffix).

suf

(countable) A distortion; a bend, bulge, or kink.

(roofing) An upward, elongated displacement of a roof membrane, frequently occurring over deck joints or insulation, which may indicate movement of the roof assembly.


flashing

en-noun

flashing (countable and uncountable, plural flashings)

From flash + -ing.
* (weatherproofing): From original flashing material of copper or aluminum that reflects flashes of sunlight.

(roofing) Components used to weatherproof or seal roof system edges at perimeters, penetrations, walls, expansion joints, valleys, drains and other places where the roof covering is interrupted or terminated.


blister

blister (countable and uncountable, plural blisters)

→ Polish: blister

From Middle English blister, from Old French blestre, from a Germanic source. Compare Middle Dutch blyster (“swelling”), Old Norse blastr (“a blowing”).

(roofing) An enclosed pocket of air, which may be mixed with water or solvent vapor, trapped between impermeable layers of felt or between the membrane and substrate.


cutback

cutback (countable and uncountable, plural cutbacks)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-cutback.wav

(roofing) Solvent-thinned bitumen used in cold process roofing adhesives, cements and coatings.


ice dam

(roofing) A mass of ice formed at the transition from a warm to a cold roof surface, frequently formed by refreezing meltwater at the overhang of a steep roof, causing ice and water to back up under roofing materials.

ice dam membrane
ice dam membrane#English


fly-in

(roofing) A method of application for roll materials by which the dry sheet is set into the bitumen or adhesive applied to the roof surface.


pan

→? Irish: panna

→ Japanese: パン

From Middle English panne, from Old English panne, from Proto-West Germanic *pannā, from Proto-Germanic *pannǭ, from Late Latin panna, from Latin patina (“broad, shallow dish, pan, stewpan”), from Ancient Greek πατάνη (patánē, “kind of flat dish”), which is probably from Pre-Greek.
Cognate with West Frisian panne, Saterland Frisian Ponne, Dutch pan, German Low German Panne, Pann, German Pfanne, Danish pande, Swedish panna, Icelandic panna.

der

(roofing) The bottom flat part of a roofing panel that is between the ribs of the panel.


racking

en-noun

racking (countable and uncountable, plural rackings)

(roofing) A method of asphalt shingle application, whereby shingle courses are applied vertically, up the roof rather than laterally across and up.


alligatoring

(roofing) The cracking of the surfacing bitumen on a bituminous roof or coating on a SPF roof, producing a pattern of cracks similar to an alligator's hide.


architectural panel

architectural panel (plural architectural panels)

(roofing) A metal roof panel, typically a double standing seam or batten seam; usually requires solid decking underneath and relies of slope to shed water


asphalt shingle

asphalt shingle (plural asphalt shingles)

(roofing) A shingle manufactured by coating a reinforcing material (felt or fibrous glass mat) with asphalt and having mineral granules on the side exposed to the weather.


built-up roof

(roofing) A continuous, semi-flexible roof membrane, consisting of multiple plies of saturated felts, coated felts, fabrics or mats assembled in place with alternate layers of bitumen, and surfaced with mineral aggregate, bituminous materials, a liquid-applied coating or a granule-surfaced cap sheet.


apron flashing

(roofing) A flashing located at the juncture of the top of a sloped roof and a vertical wall, chimney or steeper-sloped roof.


barrel vault

(roofing) A building profile featuring a rounded profile to the roof on the short axis, but with no angle change on a cut along the long axis.


combing ridge

(roofing) A topmost row of roofing slates that project above the line of the ridge


counter batten

counter battens (plural)
counterbatten (alternative)

(roofing) vertical wood strips installed on sloped roofs over which horizontal battens are secured. The primary roof covering is attached or secured to these horizontal battens.


cover board

(roofing) An insulation board used over closed cell plastic insulation (e.g., polyisocyanurate) to prevent blistering when used in conjunction with hot bituminous membranes.


dimensional shingle

dimensional shingle (plural dimensional shingles)

(roofing) A shingle that is textured, overlayed, or laminated and designed to produce a three-dimensional effect.


double coverage

(roofing) Application of asphalt, slate, or wood roofing such that the lapped portion is at least two inches wider than the exposed portion, resulting in two layers of roofing material over the deck.


drip edge

(roofing) A metal flashing or other overhanging component with an outward projecting lower edge, intended to control the direction of dripping water and help protect underlying building components.


fishmouth

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-fishmouth.wav

(roofing) A half-cylindrical or half-conical shaped opening or void in a lapped edge or seam, usually caused by wrinkling or shifting of ply sheets during installation.


tar boil

(roofing) A small bubble or blister in the flood coat of an aggregate-surfaced built-up membrane


aged R-value

(roofing) thermal resistance value established by using artificial conditioning procedures for a prescribed period of time.


asphalt emulsion

asphalt emulsion (countable and uncountable, plural asphalt emulsions)

(roofing) A mixture of asphalt particles and emulsifying agent, such as bentonite clay and water.


feathering strip

feathering strip (plural feathering strips)

(roofing) One of the tapered wood filler strips placed along the butt ends of old wood shingles to create a relatively smooth surface when reroofing over existing wood shingle roofs.


barrier board

(roofing) noncombustible board stock material of low thermal conductivity placed between two elements of a roof assembly.


base flashing

(roofing) Plies or strips of roof membrane material used to close-off and/or seal a roof at the horizonta-to-vertical intersections. Membrane base flashing covers the edge of the field membrane.


base sheet

(roofing) an impregnated, saturated, or coated felt placed as the first ply in some low-slope roof systems.


architectural shingle

architectural shingle (plural architectural shingles)

(roofing) An asphalt shingle that provides a three-dimensional appearance.


Bermuda seam

(roofing) a metal panel profile featuring a step-down profile that runs perpendicular to the slope of the roof.


cant strip

(roofing) a beveled strip used under flashings to modify the angle at the point where the roofing or waterproofing membrane meets any vertical element.


cap flashing

(roofing) Flashing, usually composed of metal, used to cover or shield the upper edges of the membrane base flashing; wall flashing can also be used to cover the top of various building components, such as parapets or columns.


closed-cut valley

closed-cut valley (plural closed-cut valleys)

(roofing) a method of valley application in which shingles from one side of the valley extend across the valley while shingles from the other side are trimmed back a few inches from the valley centerline.


edge venting

(roofing) The practice of providing regularly spaced or continuously protected openings along a roof edge or perimeter, used as part of a ventilation system to dissipate heat and moisture vapor.


expansion cleat

expansion cleat (plural expansion cleats)

(roofing) A cleat designed to accommodate thermal movement of metal roof panels.


flashing collar

flashing collar (plural flashing collars)

(roofing) an accessory flashing used to cover and/or seal soil pipe vents and other penetrations through a roof (sometimes referred to as roof jack or flashing boot).


gable roof

A gable roof is the basic design for residential roof construction. It can be made with trusses or traditional rafters. Even though building a gable roof is a lot of work, its design is the essence of simplicity: Two flat planes are joined together to form a simple peaked structure.

2009, Albert Jackson, David Day, Popular Mechanics Complete Home How-to, Sterling, →ISBN, pages 205–:

(roofing) A single-ridge roof that terminates at gable ends.


glass felt

glass felt (countable and uncountable, plural glass felts)

(roofing) glass fibers bonded into a sheet with resin and suitable for impregnation with asphalt in the manufacture of bituminous waterproofing, roofing membranes and shingles.


glaze coat

(roofing) a thin protective coating of bitumen applied to the lower plies or top ply of a roof membrane when application of additional felts or surfacing are delayed.


hand-tab

en-verb

hand-tab (third-person singular simple present hand-tabs, present participle hand-tabbing, simple past and past participle hand-tabbed)

hand-tabs (present singular third-person)
hand-tabbing (participle present)
hand-tabbed (participle past)
hand-tabbed (past)

(roofing) To spot-apply asphalt-based adhesive to shingles for securement and wind resistance.


interlayment

en-noun

interlayment (countable and uncountable, plural interlayments)

(roofing) a felt, metal, or membrane sheet material used between courses of steep-slope roofing to improve the weather and water-shedding characteristics of the primary roof covering during times of wind-driven precipitation.


live load

live load (usually uncountable, plural live loads)

(roofing) Temporary load that the roof structure must be designed to support, as required by governing building codes. Live loads are generally moving and/or dynamic or environmental (e.g. people, installation equipment, snow, ice or rain).


mole run

(roofing) a meandering ridge in a roof membrane not associated with insulation or deck joints.


mop-and-flop

(roofing) an application procedure in which roofing elements (insulation boards, felt plies, cap sheets, etc.) are initially placed upside down adjacent to their ultimate location; coated with adhesive or bitumen; and turned over and adhered to the substrate.


protected membrane roof

protected membrane roof (plural protected membrane roofs)

(roofing) an insulated and ballasted roofing assembly in which the insulation and ballast are applied on top of the membrane (sometimes referred to as an "inverted roof assembly").


PMR

protected membrane roof
protected membrane roof#English

(roofing) Initialism of protected membrane roof.


open valley

(roofing) a method of valley construction in which the steep-slope roofing on both sides are trimmed along each side of the valley, exposing the metal valley flashing.


nuclear hydrogen detection meter

nuclear hydrogen detection meter (plural nuclear hydrogen detection meters)

nuclear hydrogen detection meters (plural)

(roofing) A device that contains a radioactive source to emit high velocity neutrons into a roof system. Reflecting neutrons are measured by a gauge that is used to detect hydrogen; the quantity of hydrogen detected may be linked to the pressure of water.


overspray surface texture

(roofing) In SPF roofing, a condition of the foam in which the surface shows a linear course textured pattern and/or a pebbled surface. This surface is generally downwind of the sprayed polyurethane path and, if severe, unacceptable for proper coating and protection.


picture framing

picture framing (usually uncountable, plural picture framings)

/ˈpɪktʃə ˌfɹeɪmɪŋ/

From picture + framing, after picture frame.

When ridges occur along both longitudinal and transverse joints, outlining the insulation boards, the pattern formed is known as "picture framing"

1989, H.L. Simmons, Repairing And Extending Weather Barriers, page 97:

The staggered grid pattern is sometimes called "picture framing," a phenomenon generally limited to smooth-surfaced membranes with asbestos felts

1996, Charles William Griffin, R. L. Fricklas, Manual of low-slope roof systems, page 258:

When they also appear above the transverse insulation-board joints, the pattern is called picture framing

2006, C.W. Griffin, Richard Fricklas, Manual of Low-Slope Roof Systems: Fourth Edition:

(roofing) A square or rectangular pattern of ridges in a roof membrane or covering over insulation or deck joints.


ridge course

(roofing) The last or top course of roofing materials, such as tile, roll roofing, shingles, etc. that covers the ridge and overlaps the intersecting field roofing.


roof assembly

(roofing) an assembly of interacting roof components including the roof deck, vapor retarder (if needed), insulation and roof covering.


roof curb

(roofing) A raised frame used to mount mechanical units (such as air conditioning or exhaust fans), skylights, etc. on a roof.


screen wall

(roofing) a nonstructural wall erected around units or curbs on a roof. Typically the framing consists of girts with a wood or metal covering attached to the frame.


shark fin

shark fins (plural)
shark-fin (alternative)
sharkfin (alternative)

(roofing) An upward curled felt side lap or end lap.


single-ply membrane

single-ply membrane (plural single-ply membranes)

(roofing) Roofing membranes that are field applied using just one layer of membrane material (either homogeneous or composite rather than multiple layers.


single-ply roof

(roofing) A roof system in which the principal roof covering is a single layer of flexible membrane often thermoset or thermoplastic.


slip sheet

slip sheets (plural)
slipsheet (alternative)

(roofing) Sheet material, such as reinforced kraft paper, rosin-sized paper, polyester scrim or polyethylene sheeting, placed between two components of a roof assembly to ensure that no adhesion occurs between them and to prevent possible damage from chemical incompatibility, wearing or abrasion of the membrane.


snow load

Four 110-ton counterweights, one in each tower, make this feat possible by reducing the effective weight to be lifted to some 25 tons; but an additional 20 tons (a very heavy snow load) can be lifted if necessary.

1960 May, “Talking of Trains: The new Kingsferry Bridge”, in Trains Illustrated, page 265:

(roofing) The live load due to the weight of snow on a structure, such as a roof; included in the design calculations.


square tab shingle

square tab shingle (plural square tab shingles)

(roofing) Shingle with tabs that are all the same size and exposure.


standing seam

(roofing) A type of seam between adjacent sheets of metal roofing material made by turning up the edges of two adjacent panels and then folding or interlocking them in a variety of ways.


starter strip

(roofing) Roll roofing or shingle strips applied along the downslope eave line before the first course of roofing and intended to fill spaces between cut-out and joints of the first course.


step flashing

step flashing (usually uncountable, plural step flashings)

(roofing) Individual pieces of sheet metal material used to flash walls, around chimneys, dormers and such projections along the slope of a roof. Individual pieces are overlapped and stepped up the vertical wall.


oil-canning

In reference to the technique used to operate an oil can, holding it between the index and middle fingers while applying pressure to the bottom to pump out oil.

(roofing) A moderate deformation or buckling of sheet material, particularly common with flat sheet metal surfaces.


roof square

(construction, renovation, roofing) 100 square feet


nail sickness

(roofing, nautical) The degradation of the roofing nails of a house or the nails of a boat, necessitating repair.


gravel stop

(roofing) Flashing installed to prevent the gravel surfacing from being washed off a roof by heavy rain.


torch down

en-verb

torch down (third-person singular simple present torches down, present participle torching down, simple past and past participle torched down)

torches down (present singular third-person)
torching down (participle present)
torched down (participle past)
torched down (past)

(transitive, roofing) To use a propane torch to burn sheets of modified bitumen, a technique used on roofs to provide waterproofing and fire resistance.


nail sick

(roofing, nautical) Of a house, a roof, or a ship, exhibiting degraded or corroded nails, or otherwise unsound fastenings.


ridge tile

(roofing) A curved or bent tile specifically designed to cover the apex or ridge of a pitched roof, where two roof planes converge.