will o' the wisp

en-noun

will o' the wisp (plural will o' the wisps)

will o' the wisps (plural)
will-o'-the-wisp (alternative)
will-o'-wisp (alternative)
will of the wisp (alternative)
will-in-the-wisp (alternative)
Will-with-the-wisp (alternative)

/ˌwɪləðəˈwɪsp/

Will (“male given name”) + of + the + wisp (“bundle of straw or hay used as a torch”)

1988, Michael Weikath, "Keeper of the Seven Keys", Helloween, Keeper of the Seven Keys: Part II.
Will o' the wisps / Misguiding your path / You can't throw a curse / Without takin' their wrath

Any of several kinds of pale, flickering light, appearing over marshland in many parts of the world with diverse folkloric explanations and multiple possible scientific explanations including bioluminescence and chemiluminescence.

(British folklore) A flickering light or lantern, especially over bogs, swamps or marshes, held by a supernatural creature who uses it to lure travelers at night to their demise.


composition

composition (countable and uncountable, plural compositions)

→ Korean: 컴포지션 (keompojisyeon)

/ˌkɒmpəˈzɪʃən/

From Middle English composicioun, borrowed from Old French composicion, from Latin compositiō, compositiōnem.

hyvitys

agreement to pay money in order to clear a liability or obligation

(painting, photography) The arrangement and flow of elements in a picture.

構圖 /构图

painting: arrangement and flow of elements in a picture


construction

construction (countable and uncountable, plural constructions)

From Middle English construccioun, construction, from Old French construction, from Latin cōnstructiō, from cōnstruere.
Morphologically construct + -ion.

"Construction in string and clockwork" took first prize.

(art) A (usually non-representational) structure, such as a collage etc.


dorsal

From Late Middle English dorsal/dorsale, borrowing from Medieval Latin dorsālis (“of or relating to the back”), from dorsum (“the back”) + -ālis (“-al”, adjectival suffix); equivalent to dorsum + -al.

af

(art) A hanging, usually of rich stuff, at the back of a throne, altar, etc.


halo

From Latin halōs, from Ancient Greek ἅλως (hálōs, “threshing floor; disk; disk of the sun or moon; ring of light around the sun or moon”), of unknown origin. The threshing floor's circular threshold or oxen walking on it in a circle gave rise to the other meanings. Used in English since 1563; the sense of light around someone’s head since 1646.

aureole

luminous disc around head of saints in paintings

massive astronomical compact halo object

massive astrophysical compact halo object

(art, religion, iconography) a circular annulus ring, frequently luminous, often golden, floating above the head


abbozzo

We speak of a typical instance. Now what is typical? It is derived from the Greek τύπος, the name which Greek artists used of their first sketches, the abozzi of the Italians.

1886, Good Words and Sunday Magazine, volume 27, page 536:

But as regards the first six, might they not be mistaken for an abbozzo or first sketch of the Bill which was presented to Parliament in April 1886, one hundred and one years later?

1887 August 4, The Eclectic Magazine of Foreign Literature, Science, and Art, page 270:

Either way, it is far enough advanced beyond the early abbozzo stage that it would be better to designate it as "unfinished" than as an abbozzo.

1997, Richard E. Spear, The "Divine" Guido: Religion, Sex, Money, and Art in the World of Guido Reni:


shank

From Middle English schanke, from Old English sċanca (“leg”), from Proto-West Germanic *skankō, from Proto-Germanic *skankô (compare West Frisian skonk, Dutch schenkel, Low German Schanke, German Schenkel (“shank, leg”), Danish skank, Norwegian skank, Swedish skänkel), from *skankaz (compare Old Norse skakkr (“wry, crooked”)), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)keng- (compare Middle Irish scingim (“I spring”), Ancient Greek σκάζω (skázō, “to limp”).

(metalworking) A large ladle for molten metal, fitted with long bars for handling it.


frottage

en-noun

frottage (countable and uncountable, plural frottages)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-frottage.wav

From French frottage (“rubbing”), from frotter (“to rub”) + -age (suffix forming nouns).

(uncountable, art) A method of making an image by placing a piece of paper against an object and then rubbing over it, usually with a pencil or charcoal.

(countable, art) An illustration made by means of frottage.


flyer

→ Finnish: flaijeri

→ French: flyer

→ German: Flyer

→ Korean: 플라이어 (peullaieo)

→ Portuguese: flyer

From fly + -er (agent noun suffix).
With regard to the sense "female kangaroo": because of the high speed at which they move.

(acrobatics, cheerleading, synchronized swimming) A person who is lifted and/or thrown by another person or persons.


dap

en-verb

dap (third-person singular simple present daps, present participle dapping, simple past and past participle dapped)

daps (present singular third-person)
dapping (participle present)
dapped (participle past)
dapped (past)

Onomatopoeic, from the sound made when a person runs while wearing daps.

(metalworking) To create a hollow indentation.


blotto

From blot + -o. The verb sense “to be annihilated or destroyed” may be related to blot out.

The authors' most penetrating work seems to me, their contribution along the lines of the interview with the child, the use of sketches, blottoes, etc. "Draw a picture of this house. Who lives there? Show where the different members sleep" […]

1932, Public Health Reviews, Ann Arbor, Mich.: Division of Hygiene and Public Health, University of Michigan, →OCLC:

The pictures on these cards which I am going to show you are such ink-blot pictures. They do not really represent anything. They are accidental blottos. All you have to do is to look at them one by one and tell me what they might be, what they could represent for you.

1942, Bruno Klopfer, Douglas McGlashan Kelley, “Appendix to Part Three”, in The Rorschach Technique: A Manual for a Projective Method of Personality Diagnosis, Yonkers-on-Hudson, N.Y.: World Book Company, →OCLC, page 292:

The ink splattered blottoes on the wall. The door closed precipitately. Screaming, "Told those monkeys to stay out unless I said come in!" The door opened and the jet brunette with the perfect profile minced in wearing a look of critical suffering.

1946, Theodora Du Bois, Death Sails in a High Wind, London: T[homas] V[olney] Boardman & Co., →OCLC, page 134:

One can object to a few of the crafts included—paper punch pictures, blottos and metal foil sculpture—because they are more likely to lead to "tricks" than to art.

1955, Craft Horizons, volume 15, New York, N.Y.: American Craft Council, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 49:

She feels that whatever they absorb of the basic fundamentals of art will be valuable in later life. Even a knowledge of balanced colors may be a help later in decorating a home. She starts them simply with ordinary "blottos." "Then they learn perspective, and the various techniques. I try to take them through as many as possible; water color, crayons, charcoal, tempera, and india ink, casein—everything but oil."

1963, Themis of Zeta Tau Alpha, volume 62, number 1, Menasha, Wis.: Zeta Tau Alpha, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 19, column 3:

Under the topic of Color, creative writing students will create blottos, using the primary colors; will listen for "color" in a familiar song and then write their own words; and, with the help of resource people from Mesabi Community College, will attempt to show color through facial expression […]

1974, Minnesota Elementary School Principal, St. Paul, Minn.: Minnesota Elementary School Principals' Association, →OCLC, page 132, column 1:

(art) An artwork created using blots of ink or paint.


concretism

en-noun

concretism (countable and uncountable, plural concretisms)

(art) An abstractionist painting movement that evolved in the 1930s.


haul

From Middle English hālen, hailen, haulen, halien (“to drag, pull; to draw up”), from Old French haler (“to haul, pull”), from Frankish *halōn (“to drag, fetch, haul”) or Middle Dutch halen (“to drag, fetch, haul”), possibly merging with Old English *halian (“to haul, drag”); all from Proto-Germanic *halōną, *halēną, *hulōną (“to call, fetch, summon”), from Proto-Indo-European *kelh₁- (“to call, cry, summon”). The noun is derived from the verb.
Cognates
The word is cognate with Danish hale (“to haul”), Middle Dutch halen (“to draw, fetch, haul”), Dutch halen (“to fetch, bring, haul”), Old Frisian halia, Saterland Frisian halen (“to draw, haul, pull”), Low German halen (“to draw, pull”), Old High German halôn, holôn, German holen (“to fetch, get”), Norwegian hale (“to haul”), Old Saxon halôn (“to fetch, get”), Swedish hala (“to hale, haul, pull, tug”), and related to Old English ġeholian (“to get, obtain”).

cog

When the collected yarns number about 400, they are coiled up in a haul, and are ready either for tarring, or laying into white ropes. Previous to the haul being taken up for tarring, there is a slight turn put into it to keep it from getting entangled in the tar-kettle. […] 400 of such threads constituted a haul, and weighed 12 cwt. 2 qrs, and when tarred 15 cwt.

1842, B. S., “Rope-making”, in Macvey Napier, editor, The Encyclopædia Britannica, Or Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and General Literature, 7th edition, volume XIX, issue 2, Edinburgh: Adam and Charles Black, →OCLC, page 461, column 2:

(ropemaking) A bundle of many threads to be tarred.


veneer

en-verb

veneer (third-person singular simple present veneers, present participle veneering, simple past and past participle veneered)

veneers (present singular third-person)
veneering (participle present)
veneered (participle past)
veneered (past)

From German Furnier, from furnieren (“to inlay, cover with a veneer”), from French fournir (“to furnish, accomplish”), from Middle French fornir, from Old French fornir, furnir (“to furnish”), from Old Frankish frumjan (“to provide”), from Proto-Germanic *frumjaną (“to further, promote”). Cognate with Old High German frumjan, frummen (“to accomplish, execute, provide”), Old English fremian (“to promote, perform”). More at furnish.

cog

to veneer a piece of furniture with mahogany

The stateroom walls are veneered with finely figured English chestnut with the skirting and mouldings in English walnut.

1947 January and February, “South African Royal Train”, in Railway Magazine, page 36:

(transitive, woodworking) To apply veneer to.


developed

en-adj

developed (comparative more developed, superlative most developed)

more developed (comparative)
most developed (superlative)

(photography, of film) Processed and fixed; containing a visible negative (or positive for slide film) image


bugbear

bugbears (plural)
bug-bear (alternative)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-bugbear.wav

From obsolete meaning of bug (“something terrifying”) + bear. See Middle English bugge, modern bogey.

Ha, ha: alas poore wretch: a poore Chipochia, haſt not ſlept to night? would he not (a naughty man) let it ſleepe: a bug-beare take him.

c. 1602, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Troylus and Cressida”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene ii]:

“How could you lie so glaringly as to affirm I hated the ‘poor child’? and invent bugbear stories to terrify her from my door-stones?[…]”

1847 December, Ellis Bell [pseudonym; Emily Brontë], chapter XXII, in Wuthering Heights: […], volume (please specify |volume=I or II), London: Thomas Cautley Newby, […], →OCLC:

"My young friends," quietly replied Jason, "I do not wonder that you think the dragon very terrible. You have grown up from infancy in the fear of this monster, and therefore still regard him with the awe that children feel for the bugbears and hobgoblins which their nurses have talked to them about.[…]"

1853, Nathaniel Hawthorne, “The Golden Fleece”, in Tanglewood Tales:

The partisans of the Administration object to the word “imperialism,” calling it a mere bugbear having no real existence.

1900, Carl Schurz, For Truth, Justice and Liberty:

(folklore, fantasy) A generic creature, often described as a large goblin, meant to inspire fear in children.


biscuit

en-noun

biscuit (countable and uncountable, plural biscuits)

Tok Pisin: bisket

→ Bengali: বিস্কুট (biskuṭ)

→ Burmese: ဘီစကွတ် (bhica.kwat)

→ Cebuano: biskuwít, biskwit

→ Fiji Hindi: biskut

→ Gujarati: બિસ્કિટ (biskiṭ)

→ Hausa: bìskît

desc

ביסקוויט//בִּיסְקְוִיט

→ Hebrew: ביסקוויט /בִּיסְקְוִיט (bískvit)

→ Hiligaynon: biskwit

desctree

→ Hindi: बिस्कुट (biskuṭ)
→ Jarawa: biskuʈ (“biscuit”)

→ Indonesian: beskit, biskit

→ Japanese: ビスケット (bisuketto)

→ Korean: 비스켓 (biseuket)

→ Malay: biskut

→ Marshallese: petkōj

→ Punjabi: ਬਿਸਕੁਟ (biskuṭ)

→⇒ Scottish Gaelic: briosgaid

→ Spanish: bísquet, bísquete

→ Swahili: biskuti

→ Sylheti: ꠛꠤꠍꠇꠥꠐ (bisókuṭ)

→ Tagalog: biskuwit

→ Thai: บิสกิต (bís-gìt)

→ Urdu: بسکٹ (biskiṭ)
→ Ushojo: بسکٹ (biskiṭ)

→ Yoruba: bisikíìtì

→ Zulu: bhisikidi

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-biscuit.wav

PIE word
 *dwóh₁
From earlier bisket, from Middle English bisquyte, from Old French bescuit (French biscuit); doublet of biscotto.

(woodworking) A thin oval wafer of wood or other material inserted into mating slots on pieces of material to be joined to provide gluing surface and strength in shear.

lamelverbinding

woodworking: wafer to provide gluing surface


autograph

/ˈɔːtəɡɹɑːf/

From Latin autographum, in turn from Ancient Greek αὐτόγραφον (autógraphon, “a writing in one’s own hand”). Equivalent to auto- + -graph.

uder

Schiff […] believes most of the drawings are autograph.

1979, Nancy L Pressly, The Fuseli Circle in Rome, Yale Center for British Art, p. 37

Not surprisingly, he attributed to Kauffman two important works that are no longer accepted as autograph.

1992, Malise Forbes Adam, Mary Mauchline, edited by Wendy Wassyng Roworth, Angelica Kauffman, Reaktion Books, published 1992, page 116:

(art) Made by the artist himself or herself; authentic.


pickle

en-noun

pickle (countable and uncountable, plural pickles)

→ Dutch: pickles

→ French: pickles

→ Irish: picil

→ Korean: 피클 (pikeul)

→ Portuguese: picles

→ Spanish: pickles, picle

→ Welsh: picil

From Middle English pikel (“spicy sauce served with meat or fish”), borrowed from Middle Dutch, Middle Low German pekel (“brine”). Cognate with Scots pikkill (“salt liquor, brine”), Saterland Frisian Piekele (“pickle, brine”), Dutch pekel (“pickle, brine”), Low German pekel, peckel, pickel, bickel (“pickle, brine”), German Pökel (“pickle, brine”).

cog

(metalworking) A bath of dilute sulphuric or nitric acid, etc., to remove burnt sand, scale, rust, etc., from the surface of castings, or other articles of metal, or to brighten them or improve their colour.

киселинна вана

metalworking: bath of dilute sulphuric or nitric acid, etc.


actinic

From Ancient Greek ἀκτίς, ἀκτῖν- (aktís, aktîn-, “ray”) + -ic.

der

ἀκτίς, ἀκτῖν-

It should be borne in mind that the actinic power of the sun is subject to considerable variations, due to its elevation above the horizon.

1883, Abraham Cowley Malley, Micro-photography: Including a Description of the Wet Collodion and Gelatino-Bromide Processes, page 32:

I got my picture, and it turned out quite a good one, despite the rather poor light which at that time of day, 7 p.m., was lacking in actinic value.

1943 May and June, Chas. S. Lake, “Some Continental Travel Experiences (1922-1939)—III”, in Railway Magazine, page 141:

electromagnetic radiation
electromagnetic radiation

(chemistry, photography) Of or relating to actinism, the range of photochemical effects produced by exposure to electromagnetic radiation, particularly sunlight.


kasha

(folklore) A yokai that steals the corpses of those who have died as a result of accumulating evil deeds.


ethos

ethe (plural)
ethea (plural)
ethoses (plural)

From Ancient Greek ἦθος (êthos, “character; custom, habit”). Cognate to Sanskrit स्वधा (svadhā́, “habit, custom”).

cog

(art) The traits in a work of art which express the ideal or typic character, as influenced by the ethos (character or fundamental values) of a people, rather than emotional situations or individual character traits in a narrow sense; opposed to pathos.


hyper

en-verb

hyper (third-person singular simple present hypers, present participle hypering, simple past and past participle hypered)

hypers (present singular third-person)
hypering (participle present)
hypered (participle past)
hypered (past)

Shortenings, all ultimately from the prefix hyper-.

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-hyper.wav

In the last fifteen years more and more amateurs, particularly in the USA, have been hypersensitising (‘hypering’) film to improve its performance. ¶ The hypering process removes moisture from the film and lightly pre-fogs the emulsion to form sites around which grains can form.

1995, M[artin] Mobberley, “Auxiliary Equipment” (chapter 6), in Patrick Moore, editor, The Modern Amateur Astronomer, Berlin: Springer-Verlag, →ISBN, page 78:

(transitive, photography) To subject (a film or plate) to photographic hypersensitization, chiefly as a technique in astrophotography.


surrealism

en-noun

surrealism (countable and uncountable, plural surrealisms)

From French surréalisme. By surface analysis, sur- + realism or surreal + -ism.

(art) An artistic movement and an aesthetic philosophy that aims for the liberation of the mind by emphasizing the critical and imaginative powers of the subconscious.

սյուրռեալիզմ

artistic movement and aesthetic philosophy

(informal, art) Art with a surreal aesthetic or narrative, regardless of whether or not it is linked to the surrealist movement.


leprechaun

leprechauns (plural)
lepracaun (alternative)

→ German: Leprechaun

desc

→ Italian: leprecauno, leprechaun (unadapted), leprecano, lepricauno

→ Japanese: レプラコーン (repurakōn)

→ Korean: 레프러콘 (repeureokon)

→ Portuguese: leprechaun

→ Russian: лепреко́н (leprekón)

→ Spanish: leprechaun

/ˈlɛpɹəkɔːn/

/ˈlɛpɹəˌkɔn/

/ˈlɛpɹəˌkɑn/

From Irish leipreachán, luprachán, from Middle Irish luchrupán, from Old Irish luchorpán. See also Irish lucharachán.
The word's further etymology is disputed; it is traditionally explained as a compound containing lú (“small”, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁lengʷʰ-) + corp (“body”, which is from Latin corpus). However, an alternative suggestion is that it is a derivative of Latin Lupercī (“priests of Lupercus”), who were misinterpreted as an antediluvian species by medieval Irish scholars.

af

from Proto-Indo-European <i class="Latn mention" lang="ine-pro">*h₁lengʷʰ-</i>

which is from Latin <i class="Latn mention" lang="la">corpus</i>

Do you not catch the tiny clamour, / Busy click of an elfin hammer, / Voice of the leprechaun singing shrill, / As he merrily plies his trade?

1888, William Allingham, “The Lepracaun; or Fairy Shoemaker”, in William Butler Yeats, editor, Irish Fairy and Folk Tales, pages 86–87:

(Irish folklore) One of a race of elves that can reveal hidden treasure to those who catch them.

（愛爾蘭民間傳說裡的）短妖精 /（爱尔兰民间传说里的）短妖精

[Àiěrlán mínjiān chuánshuō lǐ de] duǎn yāojing


lantern

lanterns (plural)
lanthorn (alternative archaic)

→ Bengali: লন্ঠন (lonṭhon)

Hindi: लालटेन (lālṭen)

→ Irish: laindéar

→ Malay: lentera

Indonesian: lentera

→ Telugu: లాంతరు (lāntaru)

From Middle English lanterne (13th century), via Old French lanterne from Latin lanterna (“lantern”), itself a corruption of Ancient Greek λαμπτήρ (lamptḗr, “torch”) (see lamp, λάμπω (lámpō)) by influence of Latin lucerna (“lamp”). The spelling lanthorn was current during the 16th to 19th centuries and originates with a folk etymology associating the word with the use of horn as translucent cover. For the verb, compare French lanterner to hang at the lamppost. Displaced native Old English lēohtfæt (literally “light-container”).

ncog

(metalworking) A perforated barrel to form a core upon.


highlight

highlights (plural)
hilite (alternative informal)

The image blurred into the highlight, like something familiar seen beneath disturbed though clear water; he looked at the familiar image with a kind of quiet horror and despair, at a face suddenly older in sin than he would ever be, a face more blurred than sweet, at eyes more secret than soft.

1931, William Faulkner, Sanctuary, Library of America, published 1985, page 114:

(painting, photography) An area or a spot in a drawing, painting, or photograph that is strongly illuminated.

llum

strongly illuminated area in a drawing, painting, or photograph


intensifier

From intensify + -er; from the most common use of such terms, to intensify an adjective.

(photography) A chemical agent used to intensify the lights or shadows of a photograph.

vahvistin

a chemical agent used to intensify the lights or shadows of a photograph


forcing

en-noun

forcing (countable and uncountable, plural forcings)

(photography) An extension in the development time of an underexposed negative in order to bring out detail


reduction

reduction (countable and uncountable, plural reductions)

From Middle English reduccion, a borrowing from Old French reducion, from Latin reductiō, reductiōnem.

The final stage of thickness reduction (typically 90% from about 2mm to <0.2mm) is carried out by cold rolling.

2016, Gordon L. Robertson, Food Packaging Principles and Practice, 3rd edition, page 191:

(metalworking) The ratio of a material's change in thickness compared to its thickness prior to forging and/or rolling.


pastel

pastel (countable and uncountable, plural pastels)

Borrowed from French pastel, from Italian pastello (“pastel”), from Medieval Latin pastellum (“dough, paste”), from Latin pasta (“dough, paste”), ultimately from Ancient Greek πάστη (pástē, “dough, paste”). Doublet of pastegh, pastiglia, pastila, pastilla, and pastille.

doublet

(art) A drawing made with any of those colors.


initial

From Middle French initial or directly from its Latin etymon initiālis (“of the beginning, incipient, initial”), from initium (“a going in, entrance, beginning”), from inire (“to go in, enter upon, begin”), from in (“in”) + ire (“to go”).

(typography, calligraphy) A distinguished initial letter of a chapter or section of a document.

caplletra

calligraphy: distinguished initial letter


focal point

(art) A feature that attracts particular attention.


prunt

Unknown. Akin to English print, Scots prent (“a print”), Dutch prent (“a print”).

(glassblowing) A small piece of glass fused to the main body of a piece of glasswork and then shaped or pressed, for decoration


overlap

en-verb

overlap (third-person singular simple present overlaps, present participle overlapping, simple past and past participle overlapped)

overlaps (present singular third-person)
overlapping (participle present)
overlapped (participle past)
overlapped (past)

From over- + lap.
Cognate with Dutch overlap.

(art) An illusion of depth is created when one object partially covers another.


orthochromatic

(photography) Sensitive to all colours except red


MLA

MLAs (plural)
M.L.A. (alternative)
M. L. A. (alternative)

(in the US, art) Initialism of master of liberal arts.


cartoon

Punch (magazine)
Russian Bear
The Great Game
cartoon

→ Portuguese: cartune, cartum

→ Swahili: katuni

In British English first, from French carton (“sketch, cardboard, card”), from Italian cartone (“cardboard, carton, box”), augmentative of carta (“paper”), from Latin carta (“papyrus, paper”), from Ancient Greek χάρτης (khártēs) (see there for further etymology). Doublet of carton and card.

tekenprent

animated cartoon — see also animated cartoon

(art) A full-sized drawing that serves as the template for a fresco, a tapestry, etc.


cartoon

en-verb

cartoon (third-person singular simple present cartoons, present participle cartooning, simple past and past participle cartooned)

cartoons (present singular third-person)
cartooning (participle present)
cartooned (participle past)
cartooned (past)

(art, comics, animation) To draw a cartoon, a humorous drawing.


multiplex

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-multiplex.wav

From multi- + -plex or multi- + complex.

(juggling) A throwing motion where more than one ball is thrown with one hand at the same time.


multiplex

multiplex (third-person singular simple present multiplexes, present participle multiplexing, simple past and past participle multiplexed)

multiplexes (present singular third-person)
multiplexing (participle present)
multiplexed (participle past)
multiplexed (past)


opener

(metalworking) A person employed to separate sheets of hot metal that become stuck together.


zoom lens

Now I’m looking at a flashback Sunday.
Zoom lens feelings just won’t disappear.
Close-up darkroom sweet-talk in my ear.

1981 October 26, The J. Geils Band, “Freeze-Frame”, in Freeze-Frame:

(photography) A lens containing a mechanical assembly of inner lenses, allowing the focal length to be changed rapidly.

zoomlinse

lens whose focal length can be rapidly changed


glory hole

(glassblowing) A hole in the side of a furnace used to heat glass held on a metal rod.

trummeli

glassblowing: hole in the side of a furnace


knock up

knock up (third-person singular simple present knocks up, present participle knocking up, simple past and past participle knocked up)

knocks up (present singular third-person)
knocking up (participle present)
knocked up (participle past)
knocked up (past)

to knock up printed sheets

(bookbinding) To make even at the edges, or to shape into book form.


fantasia

fantasias (plural)
phantasia (alternative)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-fantasia.wav

Borrowed from Italian fantasia (“imagination, fancy, fantasy; musical composition with improvisational characteristics”), from Latin phantasia (“fancy, fantasy; imagination”), borrowed from Ancient Greek φᾰντᾰσῐ́ᾱ (phăntăsĭ́ā, “appearance, look; display, presentation; pageantry, pomp; impression, perception; image”), from φᾰ́ντᾰσῐς (phắntăsĭs) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-ĭ́ā, suffix forming feminine abstract nouns). Φᾰ́ντᾰσῐς (Phắntăsĭs) is derived from φᾰντᾰ́ζω (phăntắzō, “to make visible, show; to become visible, appear; to imagine”), from φαίνω (phaínō, “to appear; to reveal; to shine”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂- (“to shine”). The English word is a doublet of fancy, fantasy, phantasia, and phantasy.

doublet

It is, however, a ceremony of immense antiquity, and the chief civil festival of the year among the Arabs, who love nothing more dearly than a "phantasia" of this sort.

1872 October 19, “The Cutting of the Nile: From The Pall Mall Gazette”, in Littel’s Living Age, volume XXVII (Fourth Series; volume CXV overall), number 1480, Boston, Mass.: Littel & Gay, →OCLC, page 189, column 2:

When, at the head-centre, the lady demonstrator, armed with a Brobdingnagian whalebone needle, threaded with a bright red cord, executed herringboned fantasias on a canvas frame resembling a violin stand, it all looked easy enough.

1899, I[srael] Zangwill, “The Keeper of Conscience”, in “They that Walk in Darkness”: Ghetto Tragedies, Philadelphia, Pa.: The Jewish Publication Society of America, →OCLC, section VII, page 289:

Consequently 'War in the Air' means social destruction instead of victory as the end of war. It not only alters the methods of war but the consequences of war. After all that has happened since this fantasia of possibility was written, I do not think that there is much wrong with this thesis.

[1921], H[erbert] G[eorge] Wells, “Preface”, in The War in the Air (Collins’ Thin Paper Pocket Edition; 20), London, Glasgow: Collins Clear-Type Press, →OCLC; quoted in Charles E. Gannon, “Promoters of the Probable, Prophets of the Possible: Technological Innovation and Edwardian Near-future War Fiction”, in Rumors of War and Infernal Machines: Technomilitary Agenda-setting in American and British Speculative Fiction, Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2003, →ISBN, page 82:

[The Warrior's Barrow (Kjæmpehøjen)] admirably conformed to his employers' National-Romantic aims. This is equally true of the four new plays with which [Henrik] Ibsen honoured his contract: St. John's Night) (Sancthansnatten, 1853), a phantasia having a good deal in common with [William] Shakespeare's Midsummer Night's Dream [...]

1966, Brian W[esterdale] Downs, “Ibsen before 1884”, in Modern Norwegian Literature 1860–1918, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: University Press, published 2010, →ISBN, page 44:

These are the years in which she [Ellen Terry] begins to sign her letters in a phantasia of different names.

1987, Nina Auerbach, “Our Lady of the Lyceum”, in Joan DeJean, Carroll Smith-Rosenberg, Peter Stallybrass, Gary Tomlinson, editors, Ellen Terry, Player in Her Time (New Cultural Studies), Philadelphia, Pa.: University of Pennsylvania Press, published 1997, →ISBN, page 209:

Her art is always with her, clothing her from throat to toes in an indelible fantasia of color and form and myth.

2003, Ann K. Schwader, “Body of Work”, in Kevin L. O’Brien, editor, Strange Stars & Alien Shadows: The Dark Fiction of Ann K. Schwader, Aurora, Colo.: Lindisfarne Press, →ISBN, page 39:

David and my parents looked up from passing bowls of potato and chicken salad. Great, a mayonnaise fantasia.

2012, Zoe Fishman, chapter 2, in Saving Ruth, New York, N.Y.: William Morrow, →ISBN:

[T]he zippy musical numbers in which Mary Poppins (a stiff-lipped Emily Blunt) whisks cherubs Annabel, John, and Georgie (Pixie Davies, Nathanael Saleh, and Joel Dawson, respectively) away into colorful hyperreal fantasias impress.

2018 December 12, Charles Bramesco, “A Spoonful of Nostalgia Helps the Calculated Mary Poppins Returns Go Down”, in The A.V. Club, archived from the original on 2019-05-24:

But by the early 2000s, we were seeing fewer games like DOOM that dealt in the fantasia of ultraviolence and more games that tried to replicate the everyday violence of military encounters.

2021 October 29, Trevor Strunk, “How To Get Away With Making An Ultraviolent Video Game”, in Defector:

(chiefly art, by extension) Any work which is unstructured or comprises other works of different genres or styles.


croquis

(art) A quick and sketchy drawing, often of a live model. Croquis drawings are usually made in a few minutes, after which the model changes pose and another croquis is drawn.


warmth

en-noun

warmth (countable and uncountable, plural warmths)

From Middle English warmth, warmeth, wermþe, from Old English *wiermþu (“warmth”), from Proto-West Germanic *warmiþu (“warmness; warmth”), corresponding to warm + -th (abstract nominal suffix). Cognate with Saterland Frisian Waarmte (“warmth”), West Frisian waarmte (“warmth”), Dutch warmte (“warmth”), German Low German Warmte, Warmt (“warmth”).

inh

(art) The effect of using mostly red and yellow hues.


pancake

en-noun

pancake (countable and uncountable, plural pancakes)

pancakes (plural)
pan cake (alternative)

→ Cantonese: 班戟 (baan¹ gik¹)

→ Mandarin: 班戟 (bānjǐ)

→ Cebuano: pankeyk

→ French: pancake

→ German: Pancake

desc

→ Hijazi Arabic: بانكيك (bānkēk, pānkēk)

→⇒ Irish: pancóg

→ Japanese: パンケーキ (pankēki)

→⇒ Khmer: នំផេនខេក (num pheenkheek)

→ Korean: 팬케이크 (paenkeikeu)

→ Nauruan: epankeik

→ Portuguese: panqueca, (dated) panqueque, (dated) pancake

→ Russian: панкейк (pankejk)

→ Spanish: (Argentina, Chile, Ecuador, Peru, Uruguay) panqueque, (Costa Rica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto Rico) pancake, (Venezuela) panqueca

→ Thai: แพนเค้ก (pɛɛn-kéek)

→ Turkish: pankek

→ Azerbaijani: pankek

→ Yoruba: pan̄kéèkì

Inherited from Middle English pancake, panne cake, pankake, ponkake, equivalent to pan + cake.
Perhaps adapted from Middle Low German pankôke, pannekôke, from Old Saxon *pannakōko (suggested by derivatives Old Saxon pannakōkilo and pannakōkilīn), where the compound is much older; compare Old High German phankuohho (8th century), whence Middle High German phankuoche, German Pfannkuchen (“pancake”); further
Saterland Frisian Ponkouke, Ponkuuke (“pancake”), West Frisian pankoek (“pancake”), Dutch pannenkoek (“pancake”), German Low German Pannkook (“pancake”).
The juggling sense is by analogy with a pancake being tossed in a pan.

have been working on pancake throws with rings for the past few months and I have been trying to make the throws perfectly spun and as consistent as possible.

2004, Beinn Muir <bm260@nospam4me.cam.ac.uk>, “Ring juggling: pancake throws”, in rec.juggling (Usenet):

(countable, juggling) A type of throw, usually with a ring where the prop is thrown in such a way that it rotates round an axis of the diameter of the prop.


whimsy

en-noun

whimsy (usually uncountable, plural whimsies)

Probably from whims + -y. Related to whim-wham, whim.

(glassblowing, countable) The support that protects a finished piece as it is detached from a punty.


punt

Borrowed from French pointe or Spanish punto (“point”). Doublet of point, pointe, ponto, puncto, punctum, and punto.

doublet

(glassblowing) A thin glass rod which is temporarily attached to a larger piece in order to better manipulate the larger piece.


macro

en-noun

macro (countable and uncountable, plural macros)

1933, from macro-, from French, from Latin, from Ancient Greek μακρός (makrós, “long”).

Most macros are made by camera manufacturers to fit their cameras

1980, Popular Science, volume 217, number 6, page 94:

The lens was a macro, capable of everything from an “infinity shot” to a close-up in which a single fingerprint filled the entire frame.

(colloquial, photography, countable) Ellipsis of macro lens.


engraving

engraving (countable and uncountable, plural engravings)

(art) The practice of incising a design onto a hard, flat surface, by cutting grooves into it.

نَقْشْ

the practice of incising a design onto a hard, flat surface


whipping

whipping (countable and uncountable, plural whippings)

(bookbinding) The sewing of the edges of single leaves in sections by overcasting the thread.


pointing

pointing (countable and uncountable, plural pointings)

(art) The act or process of measuring, at the various distances from the surface of a block of marble, the surface of a future piece of statuary; also, a process used in cutting the statue from the artist's model.


wide-angle

en-adj

wide-angle (comparative wider-angle, superlative widest-angle)

wider-angle (comparative)
widest-angle (superlative)

(cinematography, photography) Of or pertaining to a short focal length lens that has an angle of view greater than about 70°; of or pertaining to an image produced with such a lens.


wide-angle lens

en-noun

wide-angle lens (plural wide-angle lenses)

(photography) A short focal length lens having a wide field of view.


winding

winding (countable and uncountable, plural windings)

The noun is derived from Middle English winding, windinge, wyndynge (“directional change, curve, turn; bend of the leg at the knee; meandering course of a river; act of turning and twisting; twisting of things (especially thread) together; wrapping of a cloth around something; wattling of a structure; wattle(s); ornamentation with interwoven patterns; hoisting of something”) [and other forms], and then partly:
* from winden, wynden (“to go, move; to move forcefully or suddenly; to direct, guide, lead; to go along a meandering or twisting course; to move in a circular pattern, revolve, turn; to move restlessly, toss and turn; to wriggle free; to move with a turning or twisting motion, bend, turn, twist; to form or mould (something) in one’s hands; to mix together; to cover; to clothe, dress; to wrap (a baby, a corpse, etc.); to encircle, surround; to bind; to interlace; to winch; (figurative) to conceal, disguise; to embroil, involve”) + -ing, -inge (suffix forming gerund nouns, and the present participle forms of verbs).; and
* from Old English windung (“woven object”), from windan (“to twist, wind; to circle, curl, eddy, spiral”) (from Proto-Germanic *windaną (“to wind; to wrap”), from Proto-Indo-European *wendʰ- (“to turn; to wind”)) + -ung (suffix forming nouns denoting a verbal action or something involved in a verbal action).
The adjective is derived from the verb.
The English word is analysable as wind (“to turn coils of (a cord, etc.) around something; to encircle, enfold, entwist, wrap; to travel in a way that is not straight”) + -ing (suffix forming present participial adjectives and verbs, and nouns denoting an action or the embodiment of an action).

suffix

(lutherie) Synonym of lapping (“lengths of fine silk, metal wire, or whalebone wrapped tightly around the stick of the bow of a string instrument adjacent to the leather part of the bow grip at the heel”).


windmill

From Middle English wyndmylne, wyndmylle, equivalent to wind + mill. Cognate with Scots wyndmyln, wyndmyl, Saterland Frisian Wíendmäälne, West Frisian wynmûne, Dutch windmolen, Afrikaans windmeul, Dutch Low Saxon windmölle (Achterhooks), wiendmeule (Drents, Veluws), German Low German Windmöhl, German Windmühle, Danish vindmølle, Norwegian Bokmål vindmølle, Norwegian Nynorsk vindmølle, vindmylne, Swedish vindmölla, Icelandic vindmylla.
(imaginary enemy): A reference to Don Quixote tilting at windmills.


resolution

en-noun

resolution (countable and uncountable, plural resolutions)

/ˌɹɛzəˈluːʃ(ə)n/

Recorded since 1412, as Middle English resolucioun (“dissolution”), either from Anglo-Norman resolucion or directly from Latin resolūtiō (“a loosening, solution”), from resolvō (“to loosen”), itself from the intensive prefix re- + solvō (“to loosen”).

der

Printing at higher resolution will cause a reduction in performance.

(computing, photography) The degree of fineness with which an image can be recorded or produced, often expressed as the number of pixels per unit of length (typically an inch).

دِقَّة

computing, photography: degree of fineness of image


dodge

en-verb

dodge (third-person singular simple present dodges, present participle dodging, simple past and past participle dodged)

dodges (present singular third-person)
dodging (participle present)
dodged (participle past)
dodged (past)

Likely from dialectal dodge, dod, dodd (“to jog, trudge along, totter", also "to jerk, jig”), of uncertain origin. Perhaps from unrecorded Middle English *dodden, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *dud- (“to move”), related to Old English dydrian, dyderian (“to delude, deceive”), Middle English dideren (“to tremble, quake, shiver”), English dodder, Norwegian dudra (“to tremble”).

cog

(photography, videography) To decrease the exposure for certain areas of an image in order to make them darker.

varjostaa

photography: to decrease the exposure for certain areas of a print


curvilinear

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-curvilinear.wav

From curve + -i- + linear, compare curve, linear.

In early art rectilinear decoration marks an advance on curvilinear, which, in the long ages before pottery was thought of, would naturally be associated with the fibrous baskets that served as vessels.

1907, Ronald M. Burrows, The Discoveries In Crete, page 52:


projection

en-noun

projection (countable and uncountable, plural projections)

/pɹəˈd͡ʒɛkʃən/

From either the Middle French projection or its etymon, the Classical Latin prōiectiō (stem: prōiectiōn-), from prōiciō, equivalent to project + -ion. Compare the Modern French projection, the German Projektion, and the Italian proiezione.

(photography) The image that a translucent object casts onto another object.

heijastuma

photography: image cast by a translucent object


virtualize

en-verb

virtualize (third-person singular simple present virtualizes, present participle virtualizing, simple past and past participle virtualized)

virtualizes (present singular third-person)
virtualizing (participle present)
virtualized (participle past)
virtualized (past)
virtualise (alternative)

(transitive, art) To make or conform to a virtual reality.


repose

en-noun

repose (countable and uncountable, plural reposes)

Berthe Morisot
Rhode Island School of Design Museum
Édouard Manet

The verb is derived from Middle English reposen (“to rest”), from Anglo-Norman reposer, reposir, and Middle French reposer, from Old French reposer, repauser (“to become calm; to be peaceful; to rest; to be immobile; to lie or be placed; to cease, stop; to neglect”) (modern French reposer), from Latin repausāre, the present active infinitive of repausō (“(Late Latin) to be at rest; to lie down, rest; to sleep; to calm, pacify; (Latin) to halt temporarily, pause”), from re- (prefix meaning ‘again; back, backwards’) + pausō (“to cease, halt; to pause”) (from pausa (“a halt, stop; a pause; an end”), from Ancient Greek παῦσῐς (paûsĭs, “ceasing, stopping”), from παύω (paúō, “to cease; to make to cease, stop; to bring to an end; to hinder”) (further etymology uncertain; possibly from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂w- (“few, little; smallness”)) + -σῐς (-sĭs, suffix forming abstract nouns or nouns of action, process, or result)).
The noun is derived from Late Middle English repose, from Anglo-Norman repous, repos, and Middle French repos, repose, from Old French repos (“calm; rest; period or state of sleep; state of immobility; state of inaction”) (modern French repos), from reposer, repauser (verb) (see above).
Noun sense 12.3 (“technique of including in a painting an area or areas which are dark, indistinct, or soft in tone”) is borrowed from French repos.
Cognates
Catalan reposar (verb), repòs (noun)
Italian riposare (verb), riposo (noun)
Old Occitan repausar, repauzar (verb), repaus (noun)
Portuguese repousar (verb), repouso (noun)
Spanish reposar (verb), reposo (noun)

ref

From the collection of the Rhode Island School of Design Museum, Providence, Rhode Island, U.S.A.

col

Cognates

հանգիստ

temporary cessation from activity to rest and recover, especially in the form of sleep; an instance of this — see also break, rest

lepo

of the face, a muscle, etc.: state of being relaxed and not in tension

VVe are to take occaſion as much as poſſibly vve can, […] to find the repoſe of vvhich vve ſpeak, by the Light and by the Shadovv, vvhich naturally accompany ſolid Bodies.

1695, [Roger de Piles], “Observations on the Art of Painting of Charles Alphonse du Fresnoy”, in C[harles] A[lphonse] du Fresnoy, translated by John Dryden, De Arte Graphica. The Art of Painting, […], London: […] J[ohn] Heptinstall for W. Rogers, […], →OCLC, page 162:

(uncountable, architecture, art) The arrangement of elements of an artwork, a building, etc., that is restful and soothing to a viewer; harmony.


minimal

en-adj

minimal (comparative more minimal, superlative most minimal)

more minimal (comparative)
most minimal (superlative)
min. (alternative abbreviation)

mínimu

the smallest possible amount, quantity, or degree

(art) Characterised by the use of simple form or structures.

minimalista

art: characterised by the use of simple form or structures


shojo

ja-r

猩々(しょうじょう) (shōjō)

(folklore) A creature in Japanese folklore, often depicted as a sea spirit with red hair and a fondness for alcohol.


warp

en-verb

warp (third-person singular simple present warps, present participle warping, simple past and past participle warped)

warps (present singular third-person)
warping (participle present)
warped (participle past)
warped (past)

→ Japanese: ワープ (wāpu)

From Middle English werpen, weorpen, worpen, from Old English weorpan (“to throw”), from Proto-West Germanic *werpan, from Proto-Germanic *werpaną (“to throw, turn”), from Proto-Indo-European *werb- (“to bend, turn”).
Cognate with Scots warp (“to throw, warp”), North Frisian werpen (“to throw”), Dutch werpen (“to throw, cast”), German werfen (“to throw, cast”), Icelandic verpa (“to throw”).

der

The usual method is to warp the yarn, either in whole or half hauls, […]

1830, William Burney, A New Universal Dictionary of the Marine:

The next part of the process previous to tarring, is that of warping the yarns, or stretching them all to one length.

1852, Thomas Antisell, Hand-book of the Useful Arts: Including Agriculture, page 541:

(ambitransitive, obsolete, ropemaking) To run (yarn) off the reel into hauls to be tarred.


underdeveloped

en-adj

underdeveloped (comparative more underdeveloped, superlative most underdeveloped)

more underdeveloped (comparative)
most underdeveloped (superlative)

(photography) of a film that has had insufficient development before being fixed


foxy

foxy (comparative foxier, superlative foxiest)

foxier (comparative)
foxiest (superlative)

His eye for colour was so exquisite that I do not think there is a single instance in all his works of a heated tint which is called foxy. This cannot be said of Rubens or Rembrandt […]

1844, Benjamin Robert Haydon, Lectures on Painting and Design:

Although the skies of Brydael's pictures are often broken with rather heavy masses of orange and yellow clouds, yet, taking him altogether, he was not a 'foxy' painter; on the contrary, there is a silvery coolness about some of his pictures which pleases us.

1870, Frederick Peter Seguier, A Critical and Commercial Dictionary of the Works of Painters:

(art) Using too much of the reddish-brown colors.


latitude

en-noun

latitude (countable and uncountable, plural latitudes)

Borrowed into Middle English from Old French latitude, from Latin lātitūdō (“breadth, width, latitude”), from lātus (“broad, wide”), from older stlātus.

der

en:room for error in photographic exposure

(photography) The extent to which a light-sensitive material can be over- or underexposed and still achieve an acceptable result.


scroll

From Middle English scrowle, scrolle, from earlier scrowe, scrouwe (influenced by Middle English rolle), from Old French escroe, escrowe, escrouwe (“scroll, strip of parchment”), from Frankish *skrōda (“a shred”), from Proto-Germanic *skraudō, from *skrew- (“to cut; cutting tool”), extension of *(s)ker- (“to cut”). Doublet of shred and escrow.

(lutherie) The carved end of a violin, viola, cello or other stringed instrument, most commonly scroll-shaped but occasionally in the form of a human or animal head.


hypo

en-noun

hypo (countable and uncountable, plural hypos)

Clipping of various terms beginning with hypo-, from Ancient Greek ὑπό (hupó, “under”).

Sodium thiosulfate
sodium thiosulfate#English

(photography, informal) Sodium thiosulfate (also called hyposulfite of soda), a photographic fixing agent.


jour fixe

Borrowed from French jour fixe (literally “fixed day”).

bor

(art) A series of presentations and/or performances, discussions or similar events that happen on a fixed day every month (or similar; for example "every second Sunday of a month"). Used mainly by cultural and artistic organizations.

jour fixe

series of events that happen on a fixed day every month


gathering

From Middle English gadering, from Old English gaderung (“gathering, assembly”), equivalent to gather + -ing (verbal noun ending).

inh

/ˈɡæð.ə.ɹɪŋ/

This gathering machine forms the backbone of a bookbinding operation.

(bookbinding) A section, a group of bifolios, or sheets of paper, stacked together and folded in half.


claw

From Middle English clawe, from Old English clawu, from Proto-Germanic *klawō. Compare West Frisian klau, Dutch klauw, German Klaue, Danish klo, Norwegian klo, and Swedish klo.

(juggling) The act of catching a ball overhand.


claw

en-verb

claw (third-person singular simple present claws, present participle clawing, simple past and past participle clawed)

claws (present singular third-person)
clawing (participle present)
clawed (participle past)
clawed (past)

From Middle English clawen, from Old English clawan, clāwan, *clēn, clawian, from Proto-Germanic *klawjaną.


transduction

en-noun

transduction (countable and uncountable, plural transductions)

Instead of applying a transduction method only once, we can apply different transduction methods to an initial network in sequence. In each sequence, different or identical transduction methods can be applied in different orders. This usually leads to many different final networks.

2003, Wai-Kai Chen, Logic Design, →ISBN:

(logic design) The improvement of an electronic logic network by reduction of redundant components in an initial version, using an established pruning procedure, then applying permissible functions for transformation of the network into a workable form. Thereafter the transformation and reduction may be repeated till no worthwhile further improvement results.


transparency

transparency (countable and uncountable, plural transparencies)

Borrowed from Medieval Latin trānspārentia.

bor+

According to Bray (Life of Stothard, p. 50), the silversmiths Rundell and Bridge displayed a large transparency by Thomas Stothard, painted in thin oils on canvas and lit from behind, in front of their house on Ludgate Hill in honour of the King's Jubilee in 1810.

1810, Royal Collection Trust, Design for a transparency of George III:

It soon came: as they were on their way to a transparency of their majesties, not a little larger than life—with Bellona, in a very handsome helmet, on one side, and Peace, with a cornucopia and a full blown wreath of roses, on the other—the path was interrupted by a little knot of gentlemen.

1837, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], “The Fête”, in Ethel Churchill: Or, The Two Brides. […], volume III, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 59:

(countable, art) A transparent artwork, viewable by shining light through it.

(countable, photography) A translucent film-like material with an image imprinted on it, viewable by shining light through it.


mortise

From Middle English morteys, from Old French mortaise, from Arabic مُرْتَزّ (murtazz), from اِرْتَزَّ (irtazza).

If there is much gauging for the same size mortise and tenon to be done, and if a mortise gauge is not handy, a simple improvised gauge for the purpose can easily be made with two pieces of wood and four or five steel sprigs…

2016 September 6, A Little Book of Woodworking Joints - Including Dovetailing, Mortise-and-Tenon and Mitred Joints, 2nd edition (paperback), Read Books Limited, →ISBN:

A keyed mortise-and-tenon joint is constructed the same as a doweled mortise and tenon joint except that the tenon projects far enough through the mortise to admit the insertion of a tapering key which draws the mortised piece firmly against the shoulder of the tenon.

1918, Herman Frederick Rusch, Shop Work, Joinery-cabinet-making-carpentry, Chicago, Illinois, United States: University of Chicago Press, page 56:

(woodworking) A hole that is made to receive a tenon so as to form a joint.


mortise

en-verb

mortise (third-person singular simple present mortises, present participle mortising, simple past and past participle mortised)

mortises (present singular third-person)
mortising (participle present)
mortised (participle past)
mortised (past)
mortice (alternative)

(transitive, woodworking) To cut a mortise in.

Sculptures from Mohenjodaro and Tell Asmar in 2400 B.C. show wheels consisting of three pieces of wood mortised together, and bound with leather tyres which were attached with copper nails. These wheels turned in one piece with the axle, which was secured to the body of the sledge with leather thongs.

1971, Gwen White, Antique Toys And Their Background, page 79:

(transitive, woodworking) To join by a mortise and tenon.


exposure

en-noun

exposure (countable and uncountable, plural exposures)

/ɪkˈspəʊ.ʒɚ/

(photography) An instance of taking a photograph.

(photography) The piece of film exposed to light.

(photography) Details of the time and f-number used.


texture

texture (countable and uncountable, plural textures)

/ˈtɛkʃt͡ʃə(ɹ)/

Borrowed from Middle French texture, borrowed from Latin textūra (“a weaving, web, texture, structure”), from textus, past participle of texere (“to weave”). See text. Doublet of tessitura.

der

The piece of music had a mainly homophonic texture.

(art) The quality given to a work of art by the composition and interaction of its parts.

textura

art: quality produced by interaction of elements


sprezzatura

en-noun

sprezzatura (usually uncountable, plural sprezzaturas)

Borrowed from Italian sprezzatura (“nonchalance”), which was coined in 1528 by Baldassare Castiglione; the term gained currency in English in the mid-20th century, often to describe art.

[…] I have found quite a universal rule which in this matter seems to me valid above all others, and in all human affairs whether in word or deed: and that is to avoid affectation in every way possible as though it were some very rough and dangerous reef; and (to pronounce a new word perhaps) to practice in all things a certain sprezzatura [nonchalance]^([sic]), so as to conceal all art and make whatever is done or said appear to be without effort and almost without any thought about it.

1959, Charles S. Singleton, transl., The Book of the Courtier, translation of Il libro del Cortegiano by Baldassare Castiglione, The First Book, page 43:

Cassandra Wilson's music is the essence of sprezzatura, or calculated nonchalance, that special attitude described nearly 500 years ago by Baldassare Castiglione in “The Courtier,” his primer on how to ingratiate yourself with the aristocracy.

2002 February 19, Ben Ratliff, “Seeming So Nonchalant Can Be Harder Than It Looks”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

Mr. Mork played with soulful intensity (and impeccable intonation), and the interplay between him and Mr. Repin, with nicely coordinated gestures and phrasings, was enjoyable to watch. But Mr. Repin’s technical struggles were all too evident — the very opposite of sprezzatura.

2013 August 18, Corinna da Fonseca-Wollheim, “Unloading the Weightiness of Brahms With a Few Flicks”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

In men's fashion the ultimate style move is sprezzatura, embracing intentional errors such as undone buttons and misaligned neckties. Gianni Agnelli, the head of Fiat, wore watches over his shirtsleeves.

2022, W. David Marx, chapter 4, in Status and Culture, Viking, →ISBN:

(chiefly art, music) The art of performing a difficult task so gracefully that it looks effortless; calculated nonchalance.


Hermes

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Hermes.wav

From the Ancient Greek Ἑρμῆς (Hermês), itself of disputed meaning and origin, possibly of non-Indo-European substrate origin or from Proto-Indo-European *ser- (“to bind, put together”).

der

(art) A head or bust on a square base, often double-faced.


flare

→ Italian: flare

Origin unknown, first recorded in the mid 16th century, probably related to Latin flagrō (“I burn”). Norwegian flara (“to blaze; to flaunt in gaudy attire”) has a similar meaning, but the English word predates it. Possibly related to Middle High German vlederen (“to flutter”), represented by modern German flattern.
The noun is derived from the verb.

unknown

Origin unknown

ярка светлина

source of brightly burning light or intense heat

Stulp

widening of an object with otherwise roughly constant width

разкрояване

widening of the lower legs of trousers and jeans

The defect in question is the flare which frequently arises from the use of compound lenses when there is a very bright object in front, resulting in a ghost-like image of that object being thrown upon the plate. If the image of the object thus duplicated be in focus we designate it a "ghost;" if out of focus we call it "flare."

1874 October 23, “On Certain Defects in Combination Landscape Lenses”, in The British Journal of Photography, volume XXI, number 755, London: Henry Greenwood, […], →OCLC, page 515, column 1:


workpiece

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-workpiece.wav

Make sure the workpiece is properly secured in the chuck before turning on the lathe.

It is theorized that when the surface velocity is below certain minimum values the material at the interface between workpieces WP-1 and WP-2 rolls up and extrudes from the interface in the form of long twisted cylindrical projections which are sometimes referred to as "dingle-berries."

1967, M.R. Calton, Welding of Dispersion-Strengthened Alloys, US Patent 3477117, page 6:

If the operator violates this instruction and, for example, tries to slightly move the workpiece while the robot is screwdriving it, then the execution may be interrupted […]

2019, Maurice H. ter Beek, Alessandro Fantechi, Laura Semini, From Software Engineering to Formal Methods and Tools, and Back, page 113:

(machining, woodworking) The raw material or partially finished piece that is shaped by performing various operations.

obrobek

The material or partially finished piece on which a tool operates.


gadget

Unknown. First used in print by Robert Brown in 1886 (see quote in definition section). Might come from French gâchette or gagée, or from the French family name Gaget, an industrialist who produced promotional gadgets in collaboration with the project to build the statue of Liberty.

(glassblowing) A spring clip attached to the end of a punty in order to grasp the foot of a glass without leaving a bullion while finishing the bowl.


facing

(metalworking) A powdered substance, such as charcoal or bituminous coal, applied to the face of a mould, or mixed with the sand that forms it, to give a fine smooth surface to the casting.


overhead

en-noun

overhead (countable and uncountable, plural overheads)

From Middle English owerheved, over-hed, over hede (adverb), from Old English oferhēafod (adverb), equivalent to over- + head. Compare German Low German overhoopt, överhoopt, German überhaupt.

computational overhead| digital overhead

(juggling, by ellipsis) An overhead throw.


sorcerer

sorcerers (plural)
sorceror (alternative)

/ˈsɔːsəɹə(ɹ)/

From Middle English sorcerere, from Old French sorcier, from Early Medieval Latin sortiārius, derived from Latin sortem (“fate, fortune”), from Proto-Indo-European *ser- (“to bind”).

Pope Joan, who once occupied the throne of the Vatican, was reputed to be the blackest sorcerer of them all.

1936, Rollo Ahmed, The Black Art, London: Long, page 105:

"Well, sorcerer?" growled the Norman. "Nay, not well," replied Catweazle shivering miserably, "I have the bone-ache."

1971, Richard Carpenter, Catweazle and the Magic Zodiac, Harmondsworth: Puffin Books, page 7:

(mythology, folklore, fantasy) A magician or wizard. Sometimes specifically male.

yshtës

magician/wizard drawing upon natural powers


immersion

immersion (countable and uncountable, plural immersions)

From late Middle English, borrowed from Late Latin immersiō, immersiōnem (“dipping”).

потапяне

the act of immersing or the condition of being immersed

(art) A creative relationship with one's social and ecological environment as practiced by the Brooklyn Immersionists.


constructivism

en-noun

constructivism (countable and uncountable, plural constructivisms)

(art) A Russian movement in modern art characterized by the creation of nonrepresentational geometric objects using industrial materials.


japonaiserie

japonaiserie (countable and uncountable, plural japonaiseries)

(art) Art objects made in the Japanese style.


Bloody Mary

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Bloody Mary.wav

(folklore) A ghost, witch or demonic spirit said to appear in a mirror if her name is chanted repeatedly.


ISO

Officially from Greek ίσος (ísos, “equal”). However, a participant in the initial meetings disputes this etymology, claiming that the link to ίσος was decided on after the name ISO was set.

(photography) A measure of film sensitivity or brightness, derived from the ISO standard.


Met

(New York, art) The current or historical Metropolitan Opera House or its opera company.


Virgin

From virgin, q.v. The sense of Mary, mother of Jesus, comes from the Christian belief in Jesus's virgin birth and Mary's freedom from sin. The river sense derives from the name of Thomas Virgin, a member of the first American party to see the river, led by Jedediah Smith in 1826. The town sense derives from the name of the river, along which it is located.

Of the forty-five floats presenting Virgins alone, two are preeminent and the subject of such veneration that even the most casual observer must reflect on the fact that Holy Week, which commemorates Christ's passion and death, has become in Spain a celebration in which he plays a secondary role, with his mother becoming the central figure.

1968, James A. Michener, “Sevilla”, in Iberia, New York, NY: Dial Press, published 2015, →ISBN, page 317:

(Christianity, art) A representation (picture, statue etc.) of Virgin Mary.


shuck

(European folklore) A supernatural and generally malevolent black dog in English folklore.


contact juggling

Coined by James Ernest in a book of the same name.

(juggling) The art of moving a ball or balls over one's body by rolling them, with very few throws.

jonglerie de contact

The art of moving a single ball or multiple balls, as by rolling or spinning


juggle

From Middle English jogelen, partly a back-formation of Middle English jogeler (“juggler”), and partly a borrowing from Old French jogler, jongler (“to have fun with someone”), a conflation of Latin joculāri (“to jest; joke”) and Old French jangler (“to regale; entertain; have fun; trifle with; tease; mess around; gossip; boast; meddle”), from Frankish *jangalōn (“to chit-chat with; gossip”), akin to Middle Dutch jankelen (“to murmur; whisper; mumble; grumble”), frequentative of Middle Dutch janken (“to moan; groan; complain”). Related also to Middle Low German janken (“to sigh; moan; lament”), Dutch jengelen (“to whine; whimper”) Dutch janken (“to whine; wimper”).

cog

(juggling) The act of throwing and catching each prop at least twice, as opposed to a flash.


cassette

cassettes (plural)
casette (alternative dated)

(photography) A lightproof container for photographic film.


vesica

Learned borrowing from Latin vēsīca (“bladder”).

lbor

(art) The vesica piscis or oval aureole in mediaeval painting.


lay off

en-verb

lay off (third-person singular simple present lays off, present participle laying off, simple past and past participle laid off)

lays off (present singular third-person)
laying off (participle present)
laid off (participle past)
laid off (past)

At any pro paint shop ask for laying off brushes. These are natural bristle, wide, thin brushes designed for tipping off, not for holding a paint load. (Sourced from a web forum exchange)

He shows me how to lay off the paint — and moves his paintbrush across the section he had already painted, again and again.

(ambitransitive, art) In painting, to apply gentle strokes to smooth a wet coat of paint so as to remove visible roller- or brush-marks, commonly using a dry brush; a similar technique, but using a loaded laying-off brush, may produce a smooth coat of paint when using a roller or the usual brush techniques would leave marks.

töpöttää

painting: to apply gentle strokes to smooth a wet coat


gatherer

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-gatherer.wav

From Middle English gaderere, gaderare, equivalent to gather + -er.

(glassblowing) A worker who collects molten glass on the end of a rod preparatory to blowing.


Art Deco

art deco (alternative)
Art Déco (alternative)

/ˌɑːɹt ˈdɛkəʊ/

/ˌɑɹt ˈdɛkoʊ/

Borrowed from French Art déco, first used in the catalogue of an exhibition at the Musée des Arts Decoratifs in Paris, France, in 1966. Art déco is a clipping of arts décoratifs (“decorative arts”) (from the name of an exhibition called L’Exposition Internationale des Arts Décoratifs et Industriels Modernes (The International Exhibition of Modern Decorative and Industrial Arts) held in Paris in 1925), from arts (plural of art (“art”)) + décoratifs (plural of décoratif (“decorative”)).

ref

From the collection of the Musée d’Art Moderne de Paris (Museum of Modern Art of Paris), France.

clipping

A pair of Armada flagons were bought for £1,900 and a four-piece Art Deco tea set on a matching tray was sold at £1,500.

1978 July 26, Paula Judge, “Saleroom: Jane Austen Ms [manuscript] sold for £38,000”, in Financial Times, number 27,620, London: The Financial Times Ltd., →ISSN, →OCLC, page 5, column 8:

These properties reflect the wide variety of resources that represent the American heritage. They include skyscrapers in Chicago and mining structures in Alaska; prehistoric petroglyphs in Nevada and World War II fortifications in Guam; a district of art deco buildings in Miami and a district of prominent artists' and writers' homes in Santa Fe.

1989, “Introduction”, in National Register of Historic Places 1966–1988, Washington, D.C.: National Conference of State Historic Preservation Officers; National Park Service; Nashville, Tenn.: American Association for State and Local History, →ISBN, page ix, column 1:

Always in the same district, at 61 Olive Street, is the Oviatt Building, one of [the] most important examples of Art Deco architecture found within Los Angeles city limits, and once a prestigious clothing shop boasting such clients as Rudolph Valentino and Douglas Fairbanks Jr. […] The store was replaced by today's Rex II Restaurant, decorated as an^([sic – meaning a]) 1920s ocean liner in keeping with the overall Art Deco decor.

1995, Rosanna Cirigliano, “Los Angeles”, in California, Florence: Casa Editrice Bonechi; San Francisco, Calif.: Smith Novelty Company, →ISBN, page 119:

This project has stripped away modern PVCu and aluminium shop fronts to reveal original or 1930s Art Deco work, with judicious repairs and replacements as necessary, plus stonework repairs and the restoration of traditional London Transport signage.

2021 December 15, Robin Leleux, “Awards Honour the Best Restoration Projects: The Great Western Railway Craft Skills Award: Victoria Arcade”, in Rail, number 946, Peterborough, Cambridgeshire: Bauer Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 59:

(architecture, art, also attributive) A style of decorative art (often used in household objects) and architecture originating in the 1920s and 1930s, characterized by bold geometric forms, strong contrasting colours, and simple composition.

Chrysler Building
Paul Follot
William Van Alen

Art Deco

style of decorative art and architecture


secco

Borrowed from Italian secco (“dry”). Doublet of sec.

Secco painting, or painting in secco, is painting on dry plaster, as distinguished from fresco painting, on wet or fresh plaster.


secco

The Roman frescoes are generally robust, but the Chinese and Egyptian seccos are inherently weak […]

1987, James Black, Recent Advances in the Conservation and Analysis of Artifacts, page 289:

(art) A work painted on dry plaster, as distinguished from a fresco.


squib

Possibly imitative of a small explosion.

unk

Possibly

(graphic design) A sketched concept or visual solution, usually very quick and not too detailed.


IQ

en-noun

IQ (countable and uncountable, plural IQs)

(photography) Initialism of image quality.


picture plane

(art) The imaginary plane correspondent with the physical surface of a drawing, painting or print.


MVP

MVP (countable and uncountable, plural MVPs)

(software, design) Initialism of model-view-presenter.


PAC

(software design) Initialism of presentation-abstraction-control.


LF

LF (countable and uncountable, plural LFs)

(optics, imaging, photography) Abbreviation of light field.


shadowgraph

en-verb

shadowgraph (third-person singular simple present shadowgraphs, present participle shadowgraphing, simple past and past participle shadowgraphed)

shadowgraphs (present singular third-person)
shadowgraphing (participle present)
shadowgraphed (participle past)
shadowgraphed (past)
shadow-graph (alternative)
shadow graph (alternative)

(photography) To take a picture by means of X-ray, radium, or similar source of actinic radiation.


DOF

D.O.F. (alternative)
D. O. F. (alternative)
D.O.F. (alternative)
D. O. F. (alternative)
df (alternative)
d.f. (alternative)
d. f. (alternative)
d.o.f. (alternative)
d. o. f. (alternative)
DoF (alternative)
D.o.F. (alternative)
D. o. F. (alternative)

(photography) Initialism of depth of field.


sensitivity

en-noun

sensitivity (countable and uncountable, plural sensitivities)

чуллі́васць

the ability of an organism or organ to respond to external stimuli

(photography) The degree of response of a film etc. to light of a specified wavelength.

сензибилитет

(photography) degree of response of a film etc. to light of a specified wavelength


TCA

TCA (countable and uncountable, plural TCAs)

chromatic aberration
chromatic aberration#English

(photography) Initialism of transversal chromatic aberration.


saddle

→ Japanese: サドル (sadoru)

Homer Tunnel
Milford Sound
Oxford English Dictionary

From Middle English sadel, from Old English sadol, from Proto-West Germanic *sadul, from Proto-Germanic *sadulaz (“saddle”). Further etymology uncertain, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *sod-dʰlo-, from *sed- (“to sit”) + *-dʰlom (a variant of *-trom (suffix forming nouns denoting instruments or tools)), though the Oxford English Dictionary says this “presents formal difficulties”.
Cognates
* Danish sadel
* Dutch zadel
* German Sattel
* Icelandic söðull
* Low German Sadel
* Russian седло́ (sedló)
* Saterland Frisian Soadel
* Scots sadil
* Swedish sadel
* West Frisian seal

saal

seat for a rider placed on the back of a horse or other animal

satula

something resembling a saddle in appearance or shape

satula

depression located along the axial trend of an anticline

Something resembling a saddle (sense 1) in appearance or shape.

The part of a guitar which supports the strings and, in an acoustic guitar, transfers their vibrations through the bridge to the soundboard.

satula

A small object (traditionally made of ebony) at the bottom of a string instrument such as a cello, viola, or violin below the tailpiece on which the tailgut (“cord securing the tailpiece to the instrument”) rests.

satula

small object at the bottom of a string instrument below the tailpiece on which the tailgut rests


saddle

en-verb

saddle (third-person singular simple present saddles, present participle saddling, simple past and past participle saddled)

saddles (present singular third-person)
saddling (participle present)
saddled (participle past)
saddled (past)
saddle (infinitive)
saddle (first-person present singular)
saddled (first-person past singular)
saddle (present second-person singular)
saddlest (archaic present second-person singular)
saddled (past second-person singular)
saddledst (archaic past second-person singular)
saddles (present singular third-person)
saddleth (archaic present singular third-person)
saddled (past singular third-person)
saddle (plural present)
saddled (past plural)
saddle (present subjunctive)
saddled (past subjunctive)
saddle (imperative present)
saddling (participle present)
saddled (participle past)

From Middle English sadelen (“to put a saddle on (an animal), to saddle”) [and other forms], from Old English sadolian, sadelian, sadilian (“to saddle”), from Proto-Germanic *sadulōną (“to saddle”), from *sadulaz (“a saddle”, noun) (see further at etymology 1) + *-ōną (suffix forming denominative verbs from nouns).
Cognates
* Middle Dutch sādelen (modern Dutch zadelen)
* Middle Low German sādelen
* Old Danish sathlæ (modern Danish sadle)
* Old High German satalōn, satulōn (Middle High German satelen, sateln, German satteln)
* Old Norse sǫðla
* Old Swedish saþla (modern Swedish sadla)

nb...

(Late Middle English) saddull, sadylle, (Middle English) saddil, saddull, saddyll, sadel, sadele, sadil, sadille, sadillen, sadle, sadlen, sadul, sadulle, sadyl, sadyll, (Early Middle English) sadeli (West Midlands), sadelie (West Midlands), sadelien

nshiuedz

(transitive) to put a saddle on (an animal)

kiinnittää

to put (something) on to another thing like a saddle on an animal

(woodworking) To cut a saddle-shaped notch in (a log or other piece of wood) so it can fit together with other such logs or pieces; also, to fit (logs or other pieces of wood) together with this method.

loveta

to cut a saddle-shaped notch in (a log or other piece of wood) so it can fit together with other such logs or pieces; to fit (logs or other pieces of wood) together with this method


tilt

en-noun

tilt (countable and uncountable, plural tilts)

From Middle English tilte, from Old English *tyltan, *tieltan (“to be unsteady”), related to the adjective tealt (“unsteady”), from Proto-West Germanic *talt, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *del-, *dul- (“to shake, hesitate”), see also Dutch touteren (“to tremble”), North Frisian talt, tolt (“unstable, shaky”). Cognate with Icelandic tölt (“an ambling pace”).
The nominal sense of "a joust" appears around 1510, presumably derived from the barrier which separated the combatants, which suggests connection with tilt "covering". The modern transitive meaning is from 1590; the intransitive use appears 1620.
The sense of gaming frustration is said to originate with pinball.

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-tilt.wav

(photography) The controlled vertical movement of a camera, or a device to achieve this.

függőleges svenkelés

photography: the controlled vertical movement of a camera, or a device to achieve this


emulsion

Borrowed from French émulsion, from New Latin ēmulsiō, ēmulsiōnis, based on Latin ēmulgeō (“I milk out, extract”).

(photography) The coating of photosensitive silver halide grains in a thin gelatine layer on a photographic film.

emulzió

coating of photosensitive layer on a photographic film


subminiature

Other Minolta cameras from $27 to $270, including subminiature, "snapshot," 35mm rangefinder and single lens reflex models...

1964 November, “Minolta Hi-matic 7”, in Sunset, page 136:

(photography) of photography equipment and techniques using a smaller frame than 35mm


LV

LV (countable and uncountable, plural LVs)

LVs (plural)
L.V. (alternative)
L. V. (alternative)

(photography) Initialism of light value.


pull-down

pull-down (countable and uncountable, plural pull-downs)

pull-downs (plural)
pulldown (alternative)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-pull-down.wav

Another classic trick with rings is the 'pull-down'. This can only be done with rings that fit easily over your head.

1994, Haggis McLeod, KNOW THE GAME - JUGGLING, →ISBN:

2004, Luke Holman, Hardest, most tech trick on the net, May 12 2004 via Google Groups
For example, the 11 ring pulldown didn't stick in my head because I don't really juggle rings, and I have no conception of how hard it is.

(juggling) A trick done with rings where each ring is pulled down over the head instead of being caught and held in the hand.


graphomania

graphomania (usually uncountable, plural graphomanias)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-graphomania.wav

/ˌɡɹæfəˈmeɪni.ə/

A devoted explorer of decalcomania, fumage, frottage, collage and other methods of pictorial automatism, Colquhoun invented several magic-inspired techniques of her own, including graphomania, stillomania, and parsemage.

1998, Penelope Rosemont, editor, Surrealist Women: An International Anthology, University of Texas Press, page 113:

Entoptic graphomania
w:Entoptic graphomania

(art) Used as part of the name of various surrealist techniques, e.g., a method in which dots are made at the sites of impurities in a blank sheet of paper, and lines are then made between the dots; see "Entoptic graphomania".


automatism

automatism (countable and uncountable, plural automatisms)

/ɔːˈtɒmətɪzəm/

Overcoming the gravity of representation and the figurative, automatism and acquired reflexes, she mixes brute force and translucid emotions to paint an ontological, disquieting, enigmatic human figure free from artifice, universal in its expression.

(uncountable, art) A surrealist painting technique whereby one attempts to move the brush, pen etc. without conscious control over it.


planer

(woodworking) A tool which smooths a surface or makes one surface of a workpiece parallel to the tool's bed.


cockatrice

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-cockatrice.wav

First attested 1382 as Middle English cocatrice (“basilisk”), from Old French cocatriz, from Late Latin calcātrīx (“she who treads upon something”), from Latin calcō (“tread”), from calx (“heel, hoof”).

der

For, behold, I will send serpents, cockatrices, among you, which will not be charmed, and they shall bite you, saith the Lord.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Jeremiah 8:17:

(fantasy, folklore) A snake or serpent that appears to be hatched from a rooster, or cock's, egg.


impressionism

en-noun

impressionism (countable and uncountable, plural impressionisms)

(art) An art movement characterized by visible brushstrokes, ordinary subject matter, and an emphasis on light and its changing qualities.


colorize

en-verb

colorize (third-person singular simple present colorizes, present participle colorizing, simple past and past participle colorized)

colorizes (present singular third-person)
colorizing (participle present)
colorized (participle past)
colorized (past)
colourise (alternative)
colourize (alternative British Canada English Oxford)

There is a colorized version of Casablanca.

What we see are beautiful overlapping NASA satellite photographs of the American mainland, […]taken in black and white and then luminously colorized by computer for scientific reasons.

1988 August 26, Jonathan Rosenbaum, “Looking for America”, in Chicago Reader:

(photography, cinematography) To convert black and white media to color by digital post production (as is often done in digital photography and in video special effects).

värittää

to convert a black and white media to color


seven-league boots

en-noun

seven-league boots pl (normally plural, singular seven-league boot)

The Count strode away as if he had secured seven-league boots, and in less time than it seemed possible, though it was an age to Lady Anne (...), he returned with two bank of England notes in his hand, which he put into the bailiff's, saying,—"There's your money for yourself and all. You have proper behavour, and will make no say of this littel matter."

1842, [anonymous collaborator of Letitia Elizabeth Landon], chapter XL, in Lady Anne Granard; or, Keeping up Appearances. […], volume II, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 211:

(folklore, fairy tale) A pair of boots enabling the wearer to cross seven leagues at one stride.


trophy

→ Japanese: トロフィー (torofī)

→ Korean: 트로피 (teuropi)

→ Malayalam: ട്രോഫി (ṭrōphi)

From Middle French trophée, from Latin trophaeum (“a sign of victory, a monument”), tropaeum, from Ancient Greek τρόπαιον (trópaion, “monument of an enemy's defeat”), from neuter of τροπαῖος (tropaîos, “of defeat”), from τροπή (tropḗ, “a rout, a turning of an enemy”).

трафе́й

object taken by a hunter or conqueror of their success

The souvenirs which many killers retain of their victims are often described as trophies, and Norman Bates's taxidermic interests derived from the real-life Ed Gein.

1994, Philip Jenkins, Using Murder: The Social Construction of Serial Homicide, →ISBN, page 117:

A trophy from this murder would have been of great importance.

2001, R. Michael Gordon, Alias Jack the Ripper: Beyond the Usual Whitechapel Suspects, →ISBN, page 82:

The offender is also likely to mentally relive his killings, often with the help of souvenirs or trophies, such as a bracelet or a body part taken from the victim.

2004, Ronald F. Becker, Criminal Investigation, →ISBN, page 168:

(art, architecture) A display of weaponry and other militaria, often captured from a defeated enemy, as an ornament designed for the purpose of triumphalist display by a victor or as a show of military prowess by a monarch.


columns

(juggling) pattern which involves throwing props in the air alternately.


objet trouvé

French objet (“object”) + trouvé (“found”)


found object

Over a period of years David brought me a series of found objects to use in my work. I treasure those objects too much to use them. Rick Lowe of Project Row Houses [in Houston] has evolved from a young, hard-working artist whose found art is cultural preservation.

2016, Robert Craig Bunch, The Art of Found Objects: Interviews with Texas Artists, page 76:

(art) A natural object, or one manufactured for some other purpose, considered as a work of art.


synaesthesia

en-noun

synaesthesia (countable and uncountable, plural synaesthesiae or synaesthesias)

synaesthesiae (plural)
synaesthesias (plural)
synæsthesia (alternative)
synesthesia (alternative)

/ˌsɪn.ɪsˈθiː.ʒə/

From Ancient Greek σύν (sún, “with”) + αἴσθησις (aísthēsis, “sensation”), modelled after anaesthesia. It is analysable as syn- + -aesthesia.

Linking moods with colours is one example of synaesthesia. […] As a tool for improving writing, the idea of synaesthesia is versatile and innovative. Why use only visual references to describe visual impressions? Why just describe sounds using sound-related words? Play with cross-matching the senses.

2006, Stephen Bowkett, “Descriptive Writing”, in Boys and Writing (Pocket PAL), London: Network Continuum Education, Continuum International Publishing Group, →ISBN, page 38:

[I]t may be stated that the concept of synaesthesia is instrumental for understanding music videos, since videos are based on the soundtrack's visual associations. Yet to discuss associations here may cause some problems. […] [Nicholas Cook] seems to be relying on a rather normative conception of synaesthesia, which for its part supports the idea of absolute, nonrepresentational music. The implication of his discussion is that the "true" forms of music–image synaesthesia come only in the forms of perception of color or light when hearing a certain musical sound.

2007, Antti-Ville Kärjä, “Visions of a Sound Nation: Finnish Music Videos and Secured Otherness”, in Roger Beebe, Jason Middleton, editors, Medium Cool: Music Videos from Soundies to Cellphones, Durham, N.C., London: Duke University Press, →ISBN, page 181:

(art, literature) A literary or artistic device whereby one kind of sensation is described in the terms of another.


naturalist

естественик

person who studies nature or natural history

(art) A creative artist who attempts to faithfully represent nature; an adherent of artistic naturalism.


merm

(hairdressing, informal) A permanent for a man.


cascade

From French cascade, from Italian cascata, from cascare (“to fall”), from Vulgar Latin *cāsicāre, derived from Latin cadere, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱh₂d-.

(juggling) A pattern typically performed with an odd number of props, where each prop is caught by the opposite hand.


sortie

PIE word
 *upó
The noun is borrowed from French sortie (“act of exiting; exit, way out; (military) sally, sortie”), the feminine past participle of sortir (“to exit, go out”), from Old French sortir, from Latin sortīrī, the present active infinitive of sortior (“to cast or draw lots; to choose, select; to distribute, divide; to obtain, receive; to share”), from sors (“something used to determine chances, a lot; casting or drawing of lots; decision by lot; a share”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ser- (“to bind, tie together; a thread”)), possibly influenced by surrēctus (“arisen, having been caused to arise; gotten up, having been gotten up”), the perfect passive participle of surgō (“to arise, get up, rise”), from subrigō (“to lift up; to straighten”), from sub- (prefix meaning ‘beneath, under’) + regō (“to direct, guide, steer; to govern, rule; to manage, oversee”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₃reǵ- (“to right oneself, straighten; just; right”)).
The verb is derived from the noun.

scramble

emergency defensive air force mission to intercept attacking enemy aircraft

(photography) A series of aerial photographs taken during the flight of an aircraft; (by extension) a photography session.


camera flash

(photography) A device that produces a short flash of light to help illuminate a scene, mostly for night-time or indoors photography, to make the picture brighter.


sequential art

(art, comics) A form of art where the content is presented in a series of artistic items positioned in a specific order to convey its message or effect, such as a comic strip.


stop-motion

en-noun

stop-motion (countable and uncountable, plural stop-motions)

stop-motions (plural)
stop motion (alternative)

Jan Švankmajer’s stop-motion looks angry, rough, and primal; Henry Selick’s is so polished and smooth that it resembles CGI.

2012 April 26, Tasha Robinson, “Film: Reviews: The Pirates! Band Of Misfits :”, in The Onion AV Club:

(uncountable, photography) An animation technique wherein physical objects are slightly altered and photographed one picture at a time to give an illusion of movement when displayed in sequence.

animación de fotograma/cuadro a/por fotograma/cuadro


semantic

Borrowed from Ancient Greek σημαντικός (sēmantikós). Compare French sémantique.

(software design, of code) Reflecting intended structure and meaning.


pano

It sounds hard on paper, but it's simple to do in person, and because it takes so little time, you'll wind up shooting more panos, which is a good thing.

2012, Scott Kelby, Scott Kelby's Digital Photography Boxed Set:


changeling

/ˈt͡ʃeɪnd͡ʒlɪŋ/

The noun is derived from change + -ling (suffix with the sense ‘immature; small’). Sense 6 (“idiot, simpleton”) is from the idea that foolish children had been left by magical creatures (sense 1).
The adjective is derived from the noun.

suffix

[S]he, as her attendant, hath / A louely boy ſtollen, from an Indian king: / She neuer had ſo ſweete a changeling.

[c. 1595–1596 (date written), William Shakespeare, A Midsommer Nights Dreame. […] (First Quarto), London: […] [Richard Bradock] for Thomas Fisher, […], published 1600, →OCLC, [Act II, scene i]:

Every Lover admires his miſtris, though ſhee be very deformed of her ſelfe, [...] her feet ſtinke, ſhee breed lice, a meere changeling, a very monſter, [...]: if he loue her once, he admires her for all this, he takes no notice of any ſuch errors, or imperfections of body or minde.

1638, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], “Symptomes or Signes of Love Melancholy, in Body, Minde, Good, Bad, &c.”, in The Anatomy of Melancholy. […], 5th edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] [Robert Young, Miles Flesher, and Leonard Lichfield and William Turner] for Henry Cripps, →OCLC, partition 3, section 2, member 3, subsection 1, page 515:

Juſt as a Changeling ſeems below the reſt / Of Men, or rather is a two-legg’d Beaſt, / So theſe Gigantick Souls amaz'd we find / As much above the reſt of human kind.

1709, Earl of Murlgrave [i.e., John Sheffield, 1st Duke of Buckingham and Normanby, formerly Earl of Mulgrave], An Essay on Poetry, London: […] H. Hills, […], →OCLC, page 15:

Nothing will induce parents to show any attention to a child that they suspect of being a changeling.

1828, Thomas Keightley, The Fairy Mythology, volume I, London: William Harrison Ainsworth, page 263:

It was easy enough to see that the child was a changeling, for it wasn't like other children at all it screamed and cried, as if a knife stuck in it, and it wheezed and hit about with its arms like a huldre-cat, and was as ugly as sin.

1886, Peter Christen Asbjørnsen, translated by H.L. Brækstad, Folk and Fairy Tales, page 298:

His nurse had told him all about changelings, and how the little people would always try to steal a beautiful human child out of its cradle and put in its stead one of their own ailing, puking brats [...]

1961, Muriel Saint Clare Byrne, Elizabethan Life in Town and Country, 8th edition, London: Methuen & Co., →OCLC, page 285:

(European folklore, also figurative) In pre-modern European folklore: an infant of a magical creature that was secretly exchanged for a human infant. In British, Irish and Scandinavian mythology the exchanged infants were thought to be those of fairies, sprites or trolls; in other places, they were ascribed to demons, devils, or witches.

خائن

infant of a magical creature secretly exchanged for a human infant


alfresco

From Italian al fresco. Compare Spanish al fresco.

al fresco (alternative adverb especially)
al-fresco (alternative adjective)

(art) Onto fresh plaster that is still moist.


barleycorn

(architecture, woodworking) A small groove between two moldings.


ikona

(Christianity, art) An Orthodox icon, or religious painting.


matte

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-matte.wav

The image is a perfect square of 8 cm (with white matte border the total dimensions are 14 cm tall by 11 cm wide).

(art, photography) A decorative border around a picture used to inset and center the contents of a frame.


Bruno

en-proper noun

Bruno (countable and uncountable, plural Brunos or Brunoes)

From Italian, German etc continental European Bruno, name of medieval Italian and German saints and royalty, Latinized form of Old High German brūn (“brown”), from Proto-West Germanic *brūn. The surname is mostly borrowed from Italian Bruno. Doublet of Brown.


saturation

en-noun

saturation (usually uncountable, plural saturations)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-saturation.wav

Etymology tree
Late Latin saturatiobor.
English saturation
Borrowed from Late Latin saturatio, saturationem.

etymon

(art) The intensity or vividness of a colour.


reflex

From Late Latin reflexus, past participle of reflectere (“to bend back”), equivalent to re- + flex. Photography sense is from noun sense meaning “reflection”. Compare English reflect.

A reflex camera uses a mirror to reflect the image onto a ground-glass viewfinder.

Yon gray is not the morning’s eye,
 ’Tis but the pale reflex of Cynthia's brow.

c. 1591–1595 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Romeo and Ivliet”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene v]:

On the depths of death there swims
 The reflex of a human face.

1850, [Alfred, Lord Tennyson], “(please specify |part=Prologue or Rpilogue, or |canto=I to CXXIX)”, in In Memoriam, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC:

Lucy is sleeping soundly; the reflex of the dawn is high and far over the sea[.]

1897, Bram Stoker, Dracula, published 1993, page 88:

(chiefly photography) Reflection or an image produced by reflection. The light reflected from an illuminated surface to one in shade.


appropriation

en-noun

appropriation (countable and uncountable, plural appropriations)

/əˌpɹoʊpɹiˈeɪʃən/

From Middle English appropriacion, appropriacioun, from Medieval Latin appropriātiō. By surface analysis, appropriate + -ion.

(art) The use of borrowed elements in the creation of a new work.

apropriação

(art) the use of borrowed elements in the creation of a new work


defamiliarisation

defamiliarisation (countable and uncountable, plural defamiliarisations)

defamiliarisations (plural)
defamiliarization (alternative)

From de- + familiar + -isation; possibly a calque of Russian остранение (ostranenije) as used by Russian critic Viktor Shklovsky.

calque

It therefore works via a process of ‘defamiliarisation’ (ostranenie) (Shklovsky instances defamiliarisation as an effect to be found in riddles with their play on words, and in euphemistic references to erotic subjects).

1991, Antony Easthope, Literary Into Cultural Studies:

Fourth, and finally, while postmodernist works like Lodge’s Changing Places and Small World give the impression of being satires, because of their self-conscious and rather thick use of parody as a means to defamiliarisation, along with their presentation of a humorous world, the satirical attack is actually deflected or blunted by the parody.

1991, Brian A. Connery, “Inside Jokes: Familiarity and Contempt in Academic Satire”, in David Bevan, editor, University Fiction:

The fact that defamiliarisation need not be understood solely in linguistic terms is evident in all kinds of aesthetic experience: for example, a painting or a piece of music can also be understood as ‘defamiliarising’ habitual perceptions.

1997, Andrew Bowie, From Romanticism to Critical Theory:

(art) The representation of objects anew, in a way that we do not recognize, or that changes our reading of them.


weft

From Middle English wefte, from Old English wefan (“to weave”), from Proto-West Germanic *weban, from Proto-Germanic *webaną. Equivalent to weave + -th (abstract nominal suffix).

Teaching tools include mannequins, slip-ons, hair wefts, rectangles, and profiles.

2009, Cosmetologists: 150 Great Tech Prep Careers, 2nd edition, page 135:

Then, she held up the hair as it would look on my head. She positioned it like a pro, holding wefts of human hair so that it looked like it grew from my scalp.

2011, Ryan Rayston, The Quiet Sound of Disappearing, AuthorHouse, page 289:

In the bonding method of attaching hair extensions, hair wefts or single strands are attached with an adhesive or bonding agent. The adhesive is applied to the weft with an applicator gun.

2012, Cengage Learning, Milady Standard Cosmetology, page 556:

(hairdressing) A hair extension that is glued directly to a person′s natural hair.


bricoleur

From French bricoleur; apparently a borrowing from the work of French anthropologist Claude Lévi-Strauss.

The engineer has science to guide him; the bricoleur has intuition. Significantly, while the bricoleur can only classify perceived differences, the engineer's scientific system enables him to classify things not yet seen.

2002, Sherene H. Razack, editor, Introduction: Race, Space, and the Law: Unmapping a White Settler Society, page 12:

The bricoleur’s awareness of constructivism and historicity helps her point out these omissions and their effects on the knowledge-production processes.
In this context critical hermeneutics facilitates bricoleurs’ attempts to identify socially oppressive forms of meaning-making and research processes.

2004, Joe L. Kincheloe, Kathleen S. Berry, Rigour and Complexity in Educational Research: Conceptualizing the bricolage, page 11:

Glassie was attracted to Claude Lévi-Strauss's metaphor of the artisan as bricoleur — someone who brings together materials that happen to be at hand and uses them to carry out the task of building what needs to be built.

2005, Sandra K. Dolby, Self-Help Books: Why Americans Keep Reading Them, page 85:

The bricoleur is a specialist in combinatorial logic, a craftsman who creates objects by rearranging other objects.

2007, Boris Wiseman, Levi-Strauss, Anthropology, and Aesthetics, Cambridge University Press, page 208:

Through playful exploration (rather than deductive/analytic reasoning) of what is possible, the bricoleur adjusts past solutions, reframes, or manipulates technical memories of past events and projects to make them bear upon or even redefine the problem at hand.[…]Rather than having been designed in advance with specific purposes in mind, the bricoleur’s instrumental resources are experiential leftovers that summarize his technical life journey.

2012, Jannis Kallinikos, “4: Form, Function, and Matter: Crossing the Border of Materiality”, in Paul M. Leonardi, Bonnie A. Nardi, Jannis Kallinikos, editors, Materiality and Organizing: Social Interaction in a Technological World, page 75:

We see in this picture what a potent political bricoleur he is, borrowing images and rhetoric from any source and combining them in new, lucid collages with changed meanings.

2024 July 15, Jonathan Jones, “‘Is this what a second Trump presidency will be like?’ – our art critic on the chilling shooting image”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:

(anthropology, art) A person who constructs bricolages; one who creates using whatever materials are available.


composite

en-adj

composite (comparative more composite, superlative most composite)

more composite (comparative)
most composite (superlative)

Borrowed from Middle French composite, from Latin compositus, past participle of compōnō (“put together”). Doublet of compost, compote, and kompot.

composite portraiture; a composite photograph

[B]y photographing a number of faces on the same plate, and so superimposing their images on one another, he produces a so-called "composite" photograph or image.

1920, Edward Carpenter, Pagan and Christian Creeds, New York: Harcourt, Brace and Co., page 92:

(photography, historical) Employing multiple exposures on a single plate, so as to create an average view of something, such as faces in physiognomy.


masa

Borrowed from Japanese 柾 (masa) or 政 (masa), an abbreviation of 柾紙 (masagami) or 政紙 (masagami).

(art) A strong form of paper, smooth on one side and lightly textured on the other, used for drawing and painting


busto

The Entrance to the Royal Apartment is through a Vestibule, supported by Pillars, with some antick Bustoes in the Niches […]

1719, Elias Ashmole, The Antiquities of Berkshire:

The Busto's he fix'd on were the Caracalla and the Cicero in the Gallery which I recommended as one of the best heads in the Gallery.

1753, Joshua Reynolds, edited by John Ingamells and John Edgcumbe, The Letters of Sir Joshua Reynolds, Yale, published 2000, page 13:


kobold

en-noun

kobold (plural kobolds or (rare) kobolde)

kobolds (plural)
kobolde (plural rare)
cobold (alternative)

Borrowed from German Kobold. Doublet of cobalt.

a. 1867, George MacDonald, The Shadows, 2000 [1980], The Golden Key and Other Stories, page 96,
The king had seen all kinds of gnomes, goblins, and kobolds at his coronation; […] .

Among the nonhuman creatures that peopled rural Europe in the Middle Ages — the fairies, elves, dwarfs, trolls, and kobolds — there were beneficent female spirits who patronized those households that treated them well.

1977, James Buchanan Given, Society and Homicide in Thirteenth-Century England, published 2007, page 138:

In Germany also the kobolds are rather troublesome than otherwise, to the miners, taking pleasure in frustrating their objects, and rendering their toil unfruitful.

2011, William Wirt Sikes, Varla Ventura, The Occult Powers of Goats and Other Welsh Tales of Goblins, Fairies, Gnomes, and Elves, unnumbered page:

(German folklore) A mischievous elf or goblin, or one connected (and helpful) to a family or household.


idealize

en-verb

idealize (third-person singular simple present idealizes, present participle idealizing, simple past and past participle idealized)

idealizes (present singular third-person)
idealizing (participle present)
idealized (participle past)
idealized (past)
idealise (alternative)

From ideal + -ize. Compare French idéaliser.

(transitive, art) To portray using idealization.