low-key

en-adj

low-key (comparative more low-key, superlative most low-key)

more low-key (comparative)
most low-key (superlative)
lowkey (alternative)
low key (alternative)
lowk (alternative)
LWK (alternative)
lwk (alternative)

Coordinate term: mid-key

The classic example of low key photography is a black cat in a coal cellar. […] The most popular use of low-key photography is in making portraits of celebrities or theatrical personalities. These people demand either dignity or drama, and this type of lightning is appropriate for both.

1942 November, Victor Keppler, “Key to Good Pictures”, in Popular Photography, →ISSN, page 98:

(art, photography) Dark; characterized by dark tones and muted colors.

gedämpft

characterised by dark tones and muted colours


cross out

en-verb

cross out (third-person singular simple present crosses out, present participle crossing out, simple past and past participle crossed out)

crosses out (present singular third-person)
crossing out (participle present)
crossed out (participle past)
crossed out (past)

(idiomatic, transitive, African-American Vernacular, graffiti) To disrespect (someone) by covering up or painting over their graffiti, especially their name.


encaustic

From Ancient Greek ἐγκαυστικός (enkaustikós).

(art) Prepared by means of heat; burned in.


realist

(art, literature) An adherent of the realism movement; an artist who seeks to portray real everyday life accurately.


piña

en-noun

piña (countable and uncountable, plural piñas)

(metalworking) A cone of silver amalgam prepared for retorting.

(metalworking) The residual cone of spongy silver left after the retorting.


Mrs. Claus

Mrs. Clauses (plural)
Mistress Santa Claus (alternative)
Mrs Claus (alternative)
Mrs Santa Claus (alternative)
Mrs. Santa Claus (alternative)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Mrs. Claus.wav

A relatively new gala, the Celebrate Santa Convention boasts a sea of Santas, Mrs. Clauses, elves, and reindeers, […]

2011, Kristin Luna, Tennessee Curiosities: Quirky Characters, Roadside Oddities & Other Offbeat Stuff, Guilford, Conn.: Globe Pequot Press, →ISBN, page 167:

In normal years, he runs a roving school for Santas and Mmes. Claus and supplies a workforce of bearded men to malls and corporate events around the country. […] He led a neighborhood tree-lighting in a blue surgical mask with a Mrs. Claus friend near his apartment in Upper Manhattan, and a few buddies volunteered for a socially distanced Christmas parade.

2020 December 25, Emma Green, “The Christmas Crisis”, in The Atlantic, archived from the original on 2020-12-25:

“Why do I get the feeling that ‘we’ includes me?” I said warily. “Of course it includes you. You’re Mrs. Claus.” She reconsidered. “One of the Mrs. Clauses, at any rate. I signed you up for two shifts and some cookies. Surely that’s not too much to ask?”

2021, Liz Ireland, Mrs. Claus and the Halloween Homicide, Kensington Books, →ISBN:

In 1937, a Michigan school was established in Midland, and it has been training Santas and Mrs. Clauses for eighty-five years.

2022, Bill Loomis, Christmas in Detroit, Charleston, S.C.: The History Press, →ISBN, page 67:


complementary colour

complementary colour (plural complementary colours)

complementary colours (plural)
complementary color (alternative)

(art) A colour which is regarded as the opposite of another, so that the two colours together form a pleasing contrast.

komplementtiväri

arts: one of two colours, which form a pleasing contrast


darkroom

darkrooms (plural)
dark room (alternative)

(photography) A dark room, where photographs are developed.

暗房

dark room where photographs are developed


fixer

The fixer removes the undeveloped silver salts from the film, rendering it no longer sensitive to light. Pour the fixer — at a temperature within plus or minus 5° F of the developer's — into the tank, using the amount specified by the tank directions. Agitate with ten inversions initially and then for 10 seconds out of every minute for the remainder of the fixing time. The fixing time is not as critical as the developing lime, but stay within the time range suggested in the fixer directions.

2003, Bruce Warren, Photography: The Concise Guide, Cengage Learning, →ISBN, page 69:

(photography) A chemical (sodium thiosulfate) used in photographic development that fixes the image in place, preventing further chemical reactions.

фиксаж

chemical used in photographic development


coucher

From Middle English coucher, from Anglo-Norman; equivalent to couch + -er.


feyness

feyness (countable and uncountable, plural feynesses)

(Shetland, folklore, countable) A ghost resembling a living person, seeing which is an omen of that person's death.


puffer

From puff + -er.
The cellular automata definition is a clipping of puffer train.


erlking

erlkings (plural)
Erlking (alternative)
erl-king (alternative)

Partial calque of German Erlkönig (literally “alder-king”), a mistranslation of Danish ellerkonge (“king of the elves”).

pcal

This line, and indeed the whole passage (lines 653-664), allude to the well-known poem by Goethe about the erlking, hoary enchanter of the elf-haunted alderwood, who falls in love with the delicate little boy of a belated traveler.

1962, Charles Kinbote [pseudonym; Vladimir Nabokov], Pale Fire, New York, N.Y.: Berkley Books, published November 1985, →ISBN:

So easy for one young son to be swallowed up in a world teeming with Erlkings, real and imagined.

2010, Rachel Billington, The Missing Boy, Hachette, →ISBN:

He was in the forest looking to see the trees / But none were there / He found a girl / She found the erlking

2012, ミラクルミュージカル (lyrics and music), “Murders”, in Hawaii: Part II:

By now, he seems less a cartoon character than some contemporary Erlking, the malicious spirit made famous by Goethe (and Schubert) but found originally in a Danish ballad.

2018 October 22, Carol Rumens, “Poem of the week: Three Poetesses by Kristín Ómarsdóttir”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:

(European folklore) In German literature and modern folklore, a malicious elf or spirit who preys on children.


shive

From Middle English schyfe, schyffe, from Proto-Germanic *skibō-; cognate with German Schäbe, Dutch scheef, and Low German Schääv, all ‘fragment of the woody core of flax or hemp’. The expected pronunciation would be /ʃɪv/; the pronunciation /ʃaɪv/ is probably due to the combined influence of Etymology 1 and the spelling.

(papermaking) A dark particle or impurity in finished paper resulting from a bundle of incompletely cooked wood fibres in the pulp.


interlace

en-noun

interlace (countable and uncountable, plural interlaces)

From Middle English entrelacen, from Anglo-Norman entrelacer, from Old French inter- + lacer (“weave”).

Hiberno-Saxon interlace patterns

(visual arts) A decorative element found especially in early medieval art

entrelazado

decorative element found in medieval art


tagged

en-adj

tagged (comparative more tagged, superlative most tagged)

more tagged (comparative)
most tagged (superlative)

(graffiti) Having been marked with the signature graffiti of an individual.


ukiyo-e

ukiyo-e (plural)
ukiyoe (alternative)
ukiyoé (alternative)
ukiyoye (alternative)

/uːˌkiːjəʊˈeɪ/

Borrowed from Japanese 浮世絵 (ukiyoe), from 浮 (uki, “floating, fleeting”) + 世 (yo, “world; era”) + 絵 (e, “image, picture”).

Like many Ukiyo-e artists, Jacoulet hires woodcarvers and printers to convert his ideas into prints.

1946 January 20, “Approved by the Air Force”, in Time:

The masters of Ukiyo-e, the woodblock print, like Utamaro, immortalized its great courtesans and its famous houses of prostitution.

Starling looked past Carter, to an ukiyo-e woodcut of a Kabuki player.

2001, Glen David Gold, Carter Beats the Devil:

(art) A Japanese painting or woodblock print depicting everyday life.


plumming

(photography) A plum-colored distortion of prints.


interaction design

(software design) The structure and definition of the behavior of a system, the surrounding environment, corresponding artifacts, and the elements that communicate the aforementioned behavior.


bullion

en-noun

bullion (countable and uncountable, plural bullions)

From Middle English bulloin, bullioun, from Anglo-Norman bullion, of obscure origin, perhaps from French bouillon, extending the sense to that of ‘melting’. Middle Dutch boelioen (“base metal”) seems to have come from the unrelated French billon.

(glassblowing) The mark left on a glass piece from its attachment to a punty.


blowpipe

(glassblowing) A long narrow pipe, rotated in the hands, upon which glassware is blown.


skiving

Coordinate term: hobbing

(metalworking) A type of machining that skives metal, with various applications including gear cutting.


muller

The noun is derived from Late Middle English molour, moler; further origin uncertain, possibly:
* from mull (“(Northern England) something reduced to fine particles”, noun) or mull (“(chiefly Northern England) to grind to powder, crumble, powder, pulverize”, verb) + -er (suffix forming agent nouns) (see etymology 2); or
* from an unattested Anglo-Norman or Middle French noun, from Old French moldre, moudre (“to grind”) (modern French moudre), from Latin molere, the present active infinitive of molō (“to grind, to mill”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *melh₂- (“to crush, grind”); or
* a variant of mullet (“(obsolete) stone for grinding”) + -er; mullet is derived from French molette (“pestle”).
The verb is derived from the noun.

affix

The muller provides, in addition, a useful means of comparing the important property of the rate of strength development of pigments.

1994, John Wilder Tukey, David R. Brillinger, The collected works of John W. Tukey, →ISBN, page 607:

(chiefly art, pharmacy) A stone with a flat grinding surface, which is held in the hand and rubbed on a slab to grind paint pigments, medicinal powders, etc.


contorno

[…] the parts within the contorno are drawn by the incisions of the graver […]

1798, James Barry, Observations on different works of art in France and Italy:


preraphaelism

(art) The doctrine or practice of a school of modern painters who profess to be followers of the painters before Raphael. Its adherents advocate careful study from nature, delicacy and minuteness of workmanship, and an exalted and delicate conception of the subject.


lowbrow

en-noun

lowbrow (countable and uncountable, plural lowbrows)

lowbrows (plural)
low-brow (alternative)

A bahuvrihi compound of low + brow. An Americanism whose first use appears c. 1902. Refers to the (by that time discredited) pseudoscience of phrenology, which suggested that a person of low intelligence and sophistication would possess a lower brow-line than someone of greater intelligence and sophistication.

(uncountable, art) An underground populist visual art movement that arose in the Los Angeles area in the late 1960s, inspired by comics, punk music, graffiti, etc.


HDR

HDR (countable and uncountable, plural HDRs)

(photography) Initialism of high dynamic range.


fade away

Phillips became known for the "fade away, in which the main figures' clothing is the same color as the background, allowing the elements to partially blend.

2009, Alison A. Nieder, Jim Heimann, 100 Ans de Pubs de Mode, page 1879:

Hirschfeld captured many scenes in line and employed Coles Phillips's "fade away" technique in his painting on the left.

2015, David Leopold, The Hirschfeld Century:

In Phillip's "Fade Away" style, he is literally editing out elements (by making them the same flat color as the background), but those elements are still there.

2019, Coles Phillips, Fadeaway: The Remarkable Imagery of Coles Phillips:

(art) A painting technique in which young women's clothes fade into the background.


mara

Borrowed from Old Norse mara, from Proto-Germanic *marǭ, cognate with Old English mare or mære. Doublet of mare. See nightmare.

The corpus of related texts tells us that within rural society it was not improbable for your neighbour's envy of your fine cattle to take the form of a mara.

1996, Catharina Raudvere, “Now you see her, now you don't: some notes on the conception of female shape-shifters in Scandinavian traditions”, in Sandra Billington, Miranda Green, editors, The Concept of the Goddess, pages 41–55:

(European folklore) A nightmare; a spectre or wraith-like creature in Germanic and particularly Scandinavian folklore; a female demon who torments people in sleep by crouching on their chests or stomachs, or by causing terrifying visions.

խիպիլիկ

(folklore) a nightmare; spectre or wraith-like creature


pointillism

pointillism (usually uncountable, plural pointillisms)

From French pointillisme, from pointiller (“to dot, to mark with points”), from point (“dot, point”).

(art) The use of many small areas of color to construct an image.


divisionism

divisionism (usually uncountable, plural divisionisms)

(art) The use of small areas of color to construct an image.


grisaille

grisaille (countable and uncountable, plural grisailles)

Unadapted borrowing from French grisaille.

ubor

Very pertinent relationships between these grisailles of the vegetal type and Islamic transennas have been established by Eva Frodl-Kraft, between that of Obazine with palmettes enchâssées, and a transenna from the Umayyad castle of Qasr-el Heir al Gharbi (about 727-750), today reconstructed at the National Museum in Damascus, and with a plaque, probably of Syrian origin, reused over a tomb in San Marco in Venice.

1982, Meredith P. Lillich, Studies in Cistercian art and architecture, page 134:

(art) In painting, a method of working which employs only varying values of gray to create form. Often a preliminary step in a fully colored painting.


ambrotype

From Ancient Greek ἀμβροτός (ambrotós, “immortal”) and τύπος (túpos, “impression”).

der

(photography, historical) An early type of photograph in which a glass negative appears positive when displayed on a black background.


frill

(photography) A wrinkled edge to a film.


boule

From French boule. Doublet of bull (etymologies 2 and 4) and bulla, or of bowl and pulla, depending on the etymology of the French word.

doublet

Behind him is lumber 'sawn in the boule.' Wood is more commonly sawn in this manner in Europe and is stacked in the order it comes from the log.

1986, Fine woodworking on wood and how to dry it, page 42:

Specialty lumber dealers can cut and sticker a log "in the boule," so that boards hold the same relative position they had before milling

1995 August, American Woodworker, number 46, page 41:

A live-sawn log kept as a unit is known as a boule

1991 August, American Woodworker, number 21, page 47:

IN THE BOULE. If you work with whole logs, allocate enough space for storing flitch-cut planks in the order they were sawn. Their sheer bulk helps keep them flat, and stacking in order makes sequential matching for color and grain much easier

2005, Andy Rae, Workshop Idea Book, page 94:

(woodworking) A through-sawn log with the slices restacked in the order and orientation they originally had in the log, usually with waney edges.


boule

en-noun

boule (usually uncountable, plural boules)


duende

duende (countable and uncountable, plural duendes)

Borrowed from Spanish duende and (especially in reference to Portuguese or Brazilian folklore) Portuguese duende. Doublet of duwende.

The duende is a momentary burst of inspiration, the blush of all that is truly alive, all that the performer is creating at a certain moment.

1998, Federico García Lorca, Norman Thomas Di Giovanni, In Search of Duende, New Directions, →ISBN, page VIII, →ISBN:

(art) Heightened inspiration or passion, especially in flamenco.


blanking

blanking (countable and uncountable, plural blankings)

(metalworking) A metalworking process to form the rough shape of a sheet-metal workpiece.


sfumato

sfumato (usually uncountable, plural sfumatos)

From Italian sfumato (“shaded, toned down”).

Another quality which was adopted from Leonardo, and of which the Florentines were especially enamoured, was the ‘sfumato’ system—the imperceptible softening of the transitions in half-tints and shadows.

1869, Charles Lock Eastlake, Materials for a History of Oil Painting, Volume II, Longmans, Green & Co., page 206:

1960, Helmut Ruhemann, Leonardo's Use of Sfumato, in The British Journal of Aesthetics, Volume 1, British Society of Aesthetics, page 233,
The interpretation of ‘sfumato’ is equally wrong. In ‘sfumato’ there is no blurring of the outlines which delineate the contours of figures and there is no blending or diminution of the definition of forms or for that matter any mellowing of colours.

It could be said that sfumato is less exact than line and that its forms are less precisely defined, but with these apparent omissions comes a sense of atmosphere. By casting its shadow over concrete form, sfumato dissolves it.

1991, Philip Sohm, Pittoresco, Cambridge University Press, page 4:

In baroque painting, sfumato is the blurring of outlines and colors amongst objects, as clouds and mountains, or the sea and the sky. Sfumato allows baroque subjectivity to create the near and the familiar among different intelligibilities, thus making cross-cultural dialogues possible and desirable.

2002, Scott Lash, Mike Featherstone, editors, Recognition and Difference, SAGE Publications, page 200:

2018, Lena Redman, Knowing with New Media, Palgrave Macmillan, Springer Nature, page 234,
No smeared sfumatos—blurred lines and borders—or anaemic chewing of emotions, just forcefully chopped slabs of substance.

2022, Ellen Jones, Robin Myers (translators), Ave Barrera, The Forgery, Charco Press, unnumbered page,
As I was saying, I was worried because my sfumatos didn't look anything like they did in the original.

(art, painting) A painting technique, prominent during the Italian Renaissance, involving the application of subtle layers of translucent paint, blurring the transition between colors, tones and often objects and creating the illusion of depth.


sgraffito

sgraffito (countable and uncountable, plural sgraffiti or sgraffitoes or sgraffitos)

sgraffiti (plural)
sgraffitoes (plural)
sgraffitos (plural)

/sɡɹəˈfiːtəʊ/

Borrowed from Italian sgraffito, from s- (“out”) + graffito (past participle of graffire), ultimately from Ancient Greek γράφειν (gráphein, “to write or scratch”).

uder

Ciudad Real
Devon
Rattery
sgraffito
tree of life

Through color and tone Byzantine potters gave to sgraffito pottery qualities that go beyond the contrasts possible in metalwork. And the history of the colors in their use on Byzantine sgraffito ware again takes us back to Tang China.

1992, Dēmētra Papanikola-Bakirtzē, Eunice Dauterman Maguire, Henry Maguire, Ceramic Art from Byzantine Serres (Illinois Byzantine Studies; III), Urbana and Chicago, Ill.: University of Illinois Press, →ISBN, page 17:

Sgraffito is a valuable design technique for working with slips[…], but did you know that this technique has other applications? With leather-hard clay you can incise (cut into) the clay surface. […] To make smooth lines in a raw-glazed surface, first cover the area with liquid wax. Then, using any sharp-edged tool, scratch through the wax and into the glaze, pressing deeply enough to reveal the clay body underneath[…]. When the piece is fired, the wax will burn off and the glaze will pull back from the sgraffito scratches to reveal the underlying clay.

2008, Maureen [Elizabeth] Mills, Surface Design for Ceramics, New York, N.Y.: Lark Books, →ISBN, page 100:

Sgraffito is not only weather resistant but also requires less artistic skill than alfresco painting. Although scratch work was used in Germany from the 13th century (e.g. Magdeburg Cathedral, cloisters), true sgraffito developed in Italy and spread from there. Decoration of a plastered façade with simulated regular stonework existed in Florence from the late 13th century, two-tone decorations from the 15th century. The early sgraffito decorations follow on from the medieval practice of using overlay and ornamentation on buildings and reflect the way in which stone is worked.

2012, Colum P. Hourihane, editor, The Grove Encyclopedia of Medieval Art and Architecture, volume I (Aachen to Cecco di Pietro), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 498:

(art, uncountable) A technique in ceramics, art and wall design, where the top layer of pigment or slip is scratched through to reveal an underlying layer.

esgrafiat

technique where the top layer is scratched through to reveal an underlying layer

[I]n the corner room a sitting platform, 3 ft. broad, as well as a large fireplace, were brought to light, while in the hall (E. iii.), open towards the south, the rough plaster surface of the partly well-preserved east wall proved to be covered with sgraffiti both Tibetan and Chinese.

1907, [Marc] Aurel Stein, Ancient Khotan: Detailed Report of Archaeological Explorations in Chinese Turkestan Carried out and Described under the Orders of H. M. Indian Government, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 432:

The few surviving examples of early sgraffiti are thought to be late 14th century and have a mediaeval quality about them. Ugo Procacci points out that the technique of two contrasting colours was seldom used and most of them are pure and simple sgraffiti.

1985, Leonardo Ginori Lisci, The Florentine Palazzi: Their History and Art, volume I, Florence: Giunti Barbera, →OCLC, page 53:

I did murals there as well, designs for windows, bas relief and otherwise, sgraffitoes – a very special technique cut in stucco.

1994, Hilda Kirkwood, Between the Lines, Ottawa: Oberon Press, →ISBN, page 71:

[Josep] Puig [i Cadafalch] wanted to emphasize the ornamentation of the stone window frames of the facade by contrasting it against the white stucco sgraffitos.

2001, Raúl García i Aranzueque, Barcelona and Gaudí: Examples of Modernist Architecture, Spain: Kliczkowski Publications, →ISBN, page 61:

SGRAFFITI. Artwork painted on the exterior of private homes, sgraffiti emerged at the end of the 19th century, when city officials encouraged urban beautification by organizing competitions for decorating house fronts. Several techniques developed; the most common one involves applying a light-colored base to the surface, after which portions of the base are scratched away while still wet, leaving the support medium to show through in displaying a drawing.

2015, Paul F. State, Historical Dictionary of Brussels, 2nd edition, Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield, →ISBN, page 389:

(art, countable) An instance or sample of sgraffito.


sgraffito

en-verb

sgraffito (third-person singular simple present sgraffitos or sgraffitoes, present participle sgraffitoing, simple past and past participle sgraffitoed)

sgraffitos (present singular third-person)
sgraffitoes (present singular third-person)
sgraffitoing (participle present)
sgraffitoed (participle past)
sgraffitoed (past)

/sɡɹəˈfiːtəʊ/

Use a ceramic tool or any pointer to sgraffito the lines in the enamel powder.

1972, Ceramics Monthly, volume 20, Columbus, Oh.: Professional Publications, →OCLC, page 31:

A West African woman sgraffitoes a traditional pattern […]

1983, Ceramics Monthly, volume 31, →OCLC, page 5:

The last gasp of the British inscribed-pottery tradition is represented by the "motto wares" that became a specialty of South Devon potteries such as Aller Vale in the late 1800s. Homey and comical sayings, sometimes poetic or in stereotyped West Country dialect, were sgraffitoed on wares for tourists on holiday in the coastal town of Torquay.

1998, John A. Burrison, “Talking Jars: Dave and Larger Traditions of Pot-Poetry”, in Jill Beute Koverman, editor, I Made this Jar ... The Life and Works of the Enslaved African-American Potter, Dave, [Columbia, S.C.]: McKissick Museum, University of South Carolina, →ISBN, page 65:

I paint or pour onto the piece, […] and then use the spaces to play with either trailing, using the slip trailers to flick, or thickly spurt the colours onto the piece, sgraffitoing and painting and using slip trailers in a more restrained fashion to draw with. I think I am guided by intuition or my own response to each piece as I decorate it, rather than by any conscious outside influence.

1999, Michael Eden, Victoria Eden, Slipware: Contemporary Approaches, London: A & C Black; Philadelphia, Pa.: University of Pennsylvania Press, →ISBN, page 53:

I use a calligraphy pen with a rounded scratch nib and a stylus for my sgraffito work. Deciding when to sgraffito the piece depends on how wet you like the slip. I prefer a leather-hard surface but some potters prefer to sgraffito right after the slip has been applied and others like to sgraffito when the slip is bone dry.

2008, Denise Wilz, “Pennsylvania Redware”, in Anderson Turner, editor, Electric Firing: Creative Techniques (Ceramic Arts Handbook Series), Westerville, Oh.: American Ceramic Society, →ISBN, pages 41–42:

(art) To produce a design using this technique.

esgrafiar

to produce a design using this technique


concrescence

en-noun

concrescence (countable and uncountable, plural concrescences)

(art) The juxtaposing of dissimilar forms or devices that are harmonized at their point of intersection into hybrid transitional shapes or designs.


carbon print

It was a small, stuffy, defunct room, of mahogany, and deathly enlargements of photographs of departed people done in carbon.

1913, D[avid] H[erbert] Lawrence, “chapter 10”, in Sons and Lovers, London: Duckworth & Co. […], →OCLC:

potassium bichromate
potassium bichromate

(photography) an early photographic print made by soaking a carbon tissue in potassium bichromate


surcharge

/ˈsɜː(ɹ)t͡ʃɑː(ɹ)d͡ʒ/

From Middle French surcharge, from Old French. By surface analysis, sur- + charge. Doublet of supercharge.

(art) A painting in lighter enamel over a darker one that serves as the ground.


naturalism

naturalism (countable and uncountable, plural naturalisms)

From natural + -ism. Compare French naturalisme.

More perfect than all in design and technique is a relief of a goat suckling her young, characterised, as it is, not only by naturalism, but also, as Mr. Evans claims, "by a certain ideal dignity and balance."

1907, Ronald M. Burrows, The Discoveries In Crete, page 21:

(art) A movement in theatre, film, and literature that seeks to replicate a believable everyday reality, as opposed to such movements as romanticism, surrealism, or abstract art, in which subjects may receive highly symbolic or idealistic treatment.


bullseye

bullseyes (plural)
bull's-eye (alternative)
bull's eye (alternative)

→ German: Bullauge (calque)

→ Esperanto: bovokulo (calque)

From bull's + eye. May have come from the practice of English archers shooting an arrow through the eye socket of a bull's skull as a test of skill. The connection to philately comes from the shape of the key plate or vignette.

(glassblowing) The mark left on a glass piece from its attachment to a punty.


ripsaw

ripsaw (countable and uncountable, plural ripsaws)

A ripsaw will slice smoothly along the grain, but chew up the wood if it goes against the grain.

2001, Percival Everett, Erasure, Faber & Faber Limited (2021), pages 4-5:

(woodworking) A saw that is designed to cut wood along its grain, i.e. to rip, to execute a rip cut.


SSS

subsurface scattering
w:subsurface scattering

(computer graphics, art) Initialism of subsurface scattering.


algraphy

From aluminium + -graphy by analogy with lithography or zincography.

"Process" is well to the fore, a design in colours from line blocks adorns the front cover, there are no less than seven examples of trichromotypography, various samples of half-tone with additional workings, three fine specimens of photogravure, a multi-colour subject, a collotype, a chromolithograph, examples respectively of algraphy, "granotype," Sprague's ink photo process, some twelve specimens of Johnstonia steel engraving and Johnston die press work, a very practical series of Linotype work—newspaper setting, book, magazine and jobbing work—an exeedingly interesting set, one or two type displays of little note, and some O.S. type specimens.

1901, The British Printer, volume 14, page 193:

(photography) An early photographic technique, similar to zincography or lithography, using paper impregnated with an aluminium salt.


dovetail

dovetails (plural)
dove-tail (alternative)
dufftail (alternative)

The noun is derived from dove + tail. The verb is derived from the noun.

[T]heſe muſt be joined at Bottom to the Piles by a ſtrong Dove-tail, and the Piles joined vvith Braces; […]

1733, Philip Miller, “WINE-PRESS”, in The Gardeners Dictionary: […], 2nd edition, volume I, London: […] C[harles] Rivington, […], →OCLC, column 1:

With a warding file cut a dovetail on each of the ends to be joined, as shown by Fig. 1.

1900, “Brazing Keys”, in Paul N[ooncree] Hasluck, editor, Cassell’s Cyclopædia of Mechanics […] (First Series), London, Paris: Cassell and Company, […], →OCLC, page 311, column 1:

After marking out the pins on the drawer sides, we proceed with the next operation, that is, sawing the dovetails ready for chopping out the waste material.

[1921], [William Fairham], “The Dovetail Joint”, in Woodwork Joints: How They are Set Out, How Made and Where Used; […], Philadelphia, Pa., London: J[oshua] B[allinger] Lippincott Company, →OCLC, page 123:

DOVETAIL joints, well known for their strength, have long been used in fine cabinet work. Nowadays they are frequently displaced by other types of joints that are easier to make with power tools, but where a self-locking joint is needed for use without glue, the dovetail is unsurpassed.

1944 April, Edwin M. Love, “Handmade Dovetails”, in Charles McLendon, editor, The Popular Science Monthly, volume 144, number 4, New York, N.Y.: Popular Science Publishing Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 151, column 1:

(chiefly woodworking, often attributively)

In full dovetail joint: a type of joint where adjoining components are fastened by multiple tenons cut into wedge shapes resembling a dove's tail, which interlock with mortises having corresponding shapes.

تَعْشِيقَة

type of joint where adjoining components are fastened by multiple tenons cut into wedge shapes resembling a dove’s tail, which interlock with mortises having corresponding shapes

A tenon cut into a wedge shape resembling a dove's tail so that it interlocks with a mortise having a corresponding shape in a dovetail joint.


dovetail

en-verb

dovetail (third-person singular simple present dovetails, present participle dovetailing, simple past and past participle dovetailed)

dovetails (present singular third-person)
dovetailing (participle present)
dovetailed (participle past)
dovetailed (past)
dove-tail (alternative)

[T]heſe Piles ought to be placed contrary to the Stillings, vvhich ſurround or croſs them every three Feet, and Dove-tail'd into the ſquare Supporters; […]

1733, Philip Miller, “WINE-PRESS”, in The Gardeners Dictionary: […], 2nd edition, volume I, London: […] C[harles] Rivington, […], →OCLC, column 2:

In house-building it is further forbidden [by Sultan Muhammed Shah] to dovetail or make the ends of the timbers (e.g. of the roof) fit accurately together, and also to build two verandahs, one on each side of the house, with their floors on a level with the floor of the main building; if two verandahs are used, the floor of one must be lower than that of the main building (kelek anak).

1900, Walter William Skeat, “Man and His Place in the Universe”, in Malay Magic: Being an Introduction to the Folklore and Popular Religion of the Malay Peninsula, London: Macmillan and Co.; New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company, →OCLC, footnote 1, page 33:

(chiefly woodworking) To unite (components) with a dovetail (noun sense 2.1) or similar joint.

عَشَّقَ

to unite (components) with a dovetail or similar joint


cauchemar

(folklore) A demon or witch in French folklore that drains a sleeping person's energy by night.


hot shoe

(photography) A fixture on a camera to which a separate flash unit may be attached, equipped with an electrical connection which transmits the firing signal from the camera to the flash.


phylactery

phylacteries (plural)
philactery (alternative)
philactory (alternative)

Recorded since circa 1380, Middle English philaterie, either from Old French filatiere (12th c), or via Medieval Latin philaterium, an alteration of Late Latin phylacterium (“reliquary”), from Ancient Greek φυλακτήριον (phulaktḗrion, “safeguard, amulet”), via adjective φυλακτήριος (phulaktḗrios, “serving as a protection”), from φυλακτήρ (phulaktḗr, “watcher, guard”), itself from φυλάσσω (phulássō, “guard or ward off”), from φύλαξ (phúlax, “a guard”).

klaf

parchment used in Jewish ritual contexts

mezuzah

parchment scroll of Torah verses in a decorative container

Just as phylacteries became more commonplace in prints in the 17th century, there was a growing aversion for the use of phylacteries in paintings.

2011, Robert S. Petersen, Comics, Manga, and Graphic Novels: A History of Graphic Narratives, ABC-CLIO (Praeger), page 28:

That the inscribed rolls (also referred to as phylacteries, ribbons, banderoles, or scrolls) depicted in, for example, manuscript illuminations are signs of a residual orality that would work much like a speech balloon is an interpretation challenged not only by codicolgical and diplomatic evidence, however scant, but further by the use of hands in the iconography of the period.

2013, Ana M. Gómez-Bravo, Textual Agency: Writing Culture and Social Networks in Fifteenth-Century Spain, University of Toronto Press, page 80:

On the other hand, the pseudo-dialogues inside the phylacteries introduce an ironic tone in narrative strips like Barlow's, but they are not a means of dramatization; it is as if the characters, instead of talking to each other, were talking to the reader in order to state their intentions, make witty comments, or explain the situation.

2015, Roberto Bartual Moreno, “The Origins of Graphic Narrative in Popular Culture”, in Esther Claudio, Julio Cañero, editors, On the Edge of the Panel: Essays on Comics Criticism, Cambridge Scholars Publishing, page 38:

(art, historical) A speech scroll, an illustrative device depicting speech, song or other sound as if written on a scroll.


amorino

(art) A cupid (a putto, commonly with bow and arrow, representing love).


redcap

redcaps (plural)
red cap (alternative)
red-cap (alternative)

From red + cap.
In sense of "porter", 1890s US; compare contemporary Japanese 赤帽 (akabou), Chinese 小紅帽 /小红帽 (Xiǎo Hóng Mào). On Labor Day, 1890, John Williams, an African-American railway porter, tied a red ribbon to his black uniform cap to stand out from the crowd at Grand Central Terminal. The strategy was so successful that it was soon adopted by others in the profession, leading to the synecdochic use of redcap as a term for all railway porters.

1876: Porter & Coates (pub.), Reliques of Ancient English Poetry
Lord Soulis he sat in Hermitage Castle,
And beside him Old Redcap sly; —
"Now, tell me, thou sprite, who are meikle of might,
The death that I must die?"

"What's a Brownie?" you say. Oh, it's a kind of a sort of a Bogle, but it isn't so cruel as a Redcap! What! you don't know what's a Bogle or a Redcap!

1890, Joseph Jacobs, English Fairy Tales:

[…] the goblin had aroused the mercenary's ire. This seemed to bring out a formidable and hitherto unrecognized talent in the taciturn young man.
"Why cam' ye by my door?" The redcap brandished his pikestaff menacingly.
Redcap - A malevolent goblin easily distinguishable by their namesake red cap, fiery red eyes, claws and iron boots. They often appear as little old men, but can run very fast despite the boots. They reside in castles and watchtowers along the English-Scottish border, but will move their residence to avoid detection. They have sharp eagle’s talons which they use for weapons, but can easily be repelled simply by reading holy verse. http://www.vf11.com/legendsofvalhal/legendsofvalhal-post-814.html

2002, Cecilia Dart-Thornton, The Ill-Made Mute: The Bitterbynde:

After boggarts, they studied Red Caps, nasty little goblinlike creatures that lurked where there had been bloodshed […]

1999 July 8, J. K. Rowling [pseudonym; Joanne Rowling], Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (Harry Potter; 3), London: Bloomsbury Publishing, →ISBN:

(British, folklore) A type of evil goblin or imp.


putto

en-noun

putto (plural putti or (rare) puttos or (rare) puttoes)

putti (plural)
puttos (plural rare)
puttoes (plural rare)

Borrowed from Italian putto (“cupid, putto; boy”), from Latin putus (“boy”), a variant of pūsus (“(little) boy”), from puer (“boy, lad; child”), from Proto-Italic *puweros, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂w- (“few, little; smallness”).
The plural form putti is also borrowed from Italian putti.

der

There is in the porch of the present church a tablet to Luke Flood (died 1818) which has much the appearance of having been made up of portions of earlier monuments. It is surmounted by a bas-relief of a winged boy holding an inverted torch. But not only is he a baby putto, not a youth, and without an urn, but the style and execution scarcely seem worthy of [Thomas] Banks even when not at his best.

1938, “1788: Piety Weeping at the Tomb of Benevolence, a Model of a Monument to be Erected in Whitechapel Church, to the Memory of Dr [Robert] Markham the Late Rector, at the Expence of His Parishioners”, in C[harles] F[rancis] Bell, editor, Annals of Thomas Banks, Sculptor, Royal Academician: […], Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: At the University Press, →OCLC, page 72:

The Carmelite scapulars held by the putto and young male saint on the right indicate that the altarpiece was intended for a church of the Carmelite order.

1971, Jacob Bean, Felice Stampfle, “Oil Sketches by 18th Century Italian Artists from New York Collections [GIOVANNI BATTISTA PITTONI [...] 22. The Crucifixion.]”, in The Eighteenth Century in Italy (Drawings from New York Collections; III), New York, N.Y.: Metropolitan Museum of Art; Pierpont Morgan Library, →ISBN, page 333:

A second putto with a gallows in its hand cries at the judge's feet.

1973, “Analysis of Beauty: Etched and Engraved from Drawings, March 1753 [84: Plate I: Third State]”, in Sean Shesgreen, editor, Engravings by Hogarth: 101 Prints, New York, N.Y.: Dover Publications, →ISBN, column 1:

In The Youth of Bacchus (illus. 51) [by Nicolas Poussin], a painting produced before 1630, the figures are arranged in a triangle. The young Bacchus is at the top, the putti lying on the ground and the feet of the sitting figures mark the base-line and the lower corner, while the sides are designated by the nymphs and satyrs.

1990, Oskar Bätschmann, “Deliverance – Destruction”, in Nicolas Poussin: Dialectics of Painting, London: Reaktion Books, →ISBN, part I, page 62:

The picture shows a putto who has just blown bubbles through a clay tube. He holds a scallop shell of soapy water and leans against a skull. [...] In picture and verse the imagery echoes classical and biblical metaphors for the brevity of a man's life. The fresh flower is in contrast to the dying tree like the putto as childhood innocence is opposed by the death's head.

1990, Kristine Koozin, “The Vanitas Still Life”, in The Vanitas Still Lifes of Harmen Steenwyck: Metaphoric Realism (Renaissance Studies; 1), Lewiston, N.Y., Queenston, Ont.: Edwin Mellen Press, →ISBN, page 25:

The walls [of Naples Cathedral] have ranks of white marble niches capped by huge marble scallops, and flanked by urns and flowers, drapes and putti.

2004, Richard [Alan] Fortey, “Up and Down”, in The Earth: An Intimate History, London: HarperCollins, →ISBN; Earth: An Intimate Portrait, 1st Vintage Books edition, New York, N.Y.: Vintage Books, November 2005, →ISBN, page 15:

Whatever the case, the evangelical animals are appreciably larger than the puttos of the painting. The animals gaze upward, their mouths gaping. They are cawing, bellowing, roaring out the Gospel. [...] Only the attendant puttos seem to be taking the divine afflatus or descent in stride.

2005, David Farrell Krell, “God’s Footstool”, in The Tragic Absolute: German Idealism and the Languishing of God, Indianapolis, Ind.: Indiana University Press, →ISBN, page 160:

A Galatea with Triton, 5 puttoes and 5 other figures, painted frame in fake marble and gilded, 12 palmi in height, copy of Raphael made by Caracci.

2018, Claudia La Malfa, “Copies of Raphael’s Mythological Paintings in the Collection of Cardinal Ludovisi”, in Maddalena Bellavitis, editor, Making Copies in European Art 1400–1600: Shifting Tastes, Modes of Transmission, and Changing Contexts (Brill’s Studies in Intellectual History; 286; Brill’s Studies on Art, Art History, and Intellectual History; 30), Leiden, Boston, Mass.: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 347:

(art) A representation, especially in Renaissance or Baroque art, of a small, naked, often winged (usually male) child; a cherub.

пу́та

representation of a small, naked, often winged child


volute

From French volute, from Italian voluta, from Latin volūta, from the feminine of volūtus, perfect passive participle of volvō. Doublet of vault.


neorealist

en-adj

neorealist (comparative more neorealist, superlative most neorealist)

more neorealist (comparative)
most neorealist (superlative)

(art) Of or pertaining to the neorealism movement in art, which emerged in Britain around 1914


Berlin green

en-noun

Berlin green (countable and uncountable, plural Berlin greens)

(art) A color of oil paint thought to resemble the color of the chemical.


middle ground

middle ground (countable and uncountable, plural middle grounds)

middle grounds (plural)
middle-ground (alternative)


assemblage

assemblage (countable and uncountable, plural assemblages)

Borrowed from French assemblage. By surface analysis, assemble + -age.

(art) A visual art form similar to collage, which combines two-dimensional and three-dimensional, often found, elements into works of art.


grayscale

grayscale (countable and uncountable, plural grayscales)

grayscales (plural)
greyscale (alternative)
gray-scale (alternative)
grey-scale (alternative)
gray scale (alternative)
grey scale (alternative)

(photography) A printed strip of graduated tones used to check exposure and development times.


glazing

glazing (countable and uncountable, plural glazings)

Inherited from Middle English glasynge; equivalent to glaze + -ing.

(art) Semi-transparent colours painted thinly over others to modify the effect.


hatching

hatching (countable and uncountable, plural hatchings)

(art, drawing, drafting) A method of shading areas of a drawing or diagram with fine parallel lines.


lapping

lapping (countable and uncountable, plural lappings)

From Middle English lapping, lappyng, lappinge, equivalent to lap + -ing.

(lutherie) Lengths of fine silk, metal wire, or whalebone wrapped tightly around the stick of the bow of a string instrument adjacent to the leather part of the bow grip at the heel.


amoretto

An Italian diminutive of Amore, the god of love.

1622, Henry Peacham, The Compleat Gentleman, London: Francis Constable, Chapter 12, “Andreas Orgagna,” p. 131,
One of his best peeces he wrought in Pisa, which was all sorts of worldly and sensuall Epicures, rioting and banquetting vnder the shaddow of an Orenge tree, within the branches and bowes whereof, sly little Amorettos or Cupids, shooting at sundry Ladies lasciuiously dancing and dallying amongst them […]

[…] a golden Eden of Joy, of bliss and marital raptures surrounded by choiring throngs of rosy amoretti […]

1936, Jeffery Farnol, chapter 8, in A Pageant of Victory, London: Sampson Low, Marston:

He was enchanted by the architecture of the city. Merry amoretti wove garlands above windows.

1969, Kurt Vonnegut, chapter 6, in Slaughterhouse-Five, New York: Dial, published 2005, page 192:

(art) A cupid or putto (representation of a naked baby or small child, often with wings).


photo finishing

(photography) All commercial aspects of the processing of photographs apart from simple developing and printing.


piling

[ˈpʰaɪ̯ɫlɪŋ]

(ironworking) The process of building up, heating, and working fagots or piles to form bars, etc.


adoptable

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-adoptable.wav

Alternative form: (informal) adopt

(art) A character designed by an artist that one can claim ownership of.


enlarger

(photography) An optical device used to make enlarged prints from a photographic negative


photofinishing

Berkey, a competitor in photofinishing, alleged violations of §2 arising from Kodak's failure to predisclose the nature of the new film, which would have given it time to adapt to the new requirements.

2021, Phillip E. Areeda, Louis Kaplow, Aaron S. Edlin, Antitrust Analysis: Problems, Text, and Cases, page 412:

(photography) The commercial developing and printing of photographs


photoflash

(photography) A lamp that emits a brief flash of bright light; used to take photographs in a dark environment


photoflood

(photography) A lamp that produces a broad beam of continuous bright light; used to illuminate a photographic subject


photofluorogram

(photography) A photograph made by photofluorography


photofluorography

(medicine, photography) The photographic recording of fluoroscope images


photomacrography

(photography) The photography of small objects, at close range, using a macro lens.

photomacrographie

photography of small objects at close range


macro lens

(photography) A lens that allows a camera to focus at very close range to photograph small objects.


photomicrograph

Coordinate term: electron micrograph

(photography) A photograph taken using a microscope.


photomicrography

(photography) Photography using a microscope.


photomontage

photomontage (countable and uncountable, plural photomontages)

(photography) A composite image combining two or more photographs.

(photography) The art of constructing such images.


photomosaic

(photography) A composite image made of individual photographs, normally of the same shape and size, placed together in order to show a panoramic view etc.

fótamósáic

composite image made of individual photographs placed together


photoreconnaissance

(photography) The making of aerial photographs as a means of military reconnaissance, especially of potential targets.


animator

animators (plural)
animater (alternative)

From Latin animātor. By surface analysis, animate + -or. Piecewise doublet of animateur.

In recent years, animators using computer rendering have largely superseded artists working by hand.

(art) One who creates an animation or cartoon; a cartoonist.


exposure meter

(photography) An instrument that measures the intensity of the light reflected from or falling on a subject, and calculates the optimum exposure depending on the film speed.


film speed

(photography) A measure of a film's sensitivity to light; faster films needing shorter exposures


sensitometer

(photography) An instrument used to measure the sensitivity of photographic film to light.


relational

en-adj

relational (comparative more relational, superlative most relational)

more relational (comparative)
most relational (superlative)

From relation + -al. The database sense is from the definition of relation as a set of ordered tuples.

relational art

(art) Dealing with the whole of human relations and their social context, rather than an independent and private space.


literalist

(art) One who works in the style of literalism.


mashup

mashups (plural)
mash-up (alternative)
mash-up (alternative)

From mash (“to convert into a mash; to mix thoroughly”) + up.

What’s tiresome about Anna, though, is that it's such an obvious mashup of other movies, moving from homage right into ripoff.

2018 November 27, April Wolfe, “Anna And The Apocalypse is a Holiday-horror Cocktail of Singing, Maiming, and Clichés”, in The A.V. Club, archived from the original on 2019-11-04:

(informal) Something consisting of two or more elements combined together.

(art, slang) An artistic work that consists primarily of parts borrowed from other works, or features a mixture of genres.


metol

From a trade name, presumably a shortened form of the chemical name.

(chemistry, photography) The sulphate of 4-methylaminophenol, used as a photographic developer


webcam

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-webcam.wav

And while the Webcams focused on street scenes and other public gathering spots do seem to occupy an uncertain status as a new medium, they perhaps raise an ethical question: Is this the cinéma vérité of cyberspace or is it private surveillance?

1996 April 29, Steve Lohr, “Dining Out in Manhattan: How to See and Be Seen”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, page D24:

As Covid-19 lockdowns took effect around the world, millions turned to remote working and organising virtual hangouts with friends. Overnight, webcams went from mundane computer accessories to gold dust.

2020 July 25, Chris Baraniuk, “No end to Covid-19 webcam shortage”, in BBC News:

(computing, photography) A video camera whose output may be viewed in real time over a computer network, originally the World Wide Web.


Cubist

(art) An artist who works in the style of cubism.


little green man

en-noun

little green man (plural little green men)

[ˌlɪ.ɾɫ̩ ˈɡɹɪ̃i̯m ˌmɛ̃ə̯n̆]

[ˌlɪ.t͡ʔɫ̩ ˈɡɹɪ̃i̯m ˌmãn̆]

[ˌlɘ.ɾɯ ˈɡɹɘ̯ĩm ˌmɛ̞̃n̆]

It was the pantomime of "Jack and the Bean Stalk," and as the Hallicots entered a large number of little green men were hammering on anvils in a gloomy and spacious cave.

1866 May 5, The Maitland Mercury and Hunter River General Advertiser, page 4, column 1:

How funny to see the little green men, and the fairies in gossamer and dewdrops.

1883 March 17, The Brisbane Courier, page 3, column 3:

In an uncautions moment, once upon a time, I had informed Sweetheart that on the branches of that tree in years long past, when I used to trudge past it on foot, there used to be seen little green men, moping and mowing. So every time we pass that way Sweetheart requires the story with out variations. Not a single fairy must be added or subtracted.

1896 January 25, The Australasian, page 41, column 3:

Still the Green Isle is supposed to specialise in fairies - the little green men and fairy sprites have in spired many poems and stories of that distressful country[.]

1921 January 23, The Truth, page 8, column 4:

"Sure...the Little Green Men can't be as spiteful as some people say!"

1932 March 5, The Daily Mercury, page 14, column 2:

(folklore) A type of diminutive sprite or fairy that wears green clothing.


intermezzo

intermezzo (plural intermezzos or intermezzi)

intermezzos (plural)
intermezzi (plural)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-intermezzo.wav

She had ample time, too, to change for the next scene, which started with a longish intermezzo staged by a ballet company whose services Scotty had engaged [...].

1969, Vladimir Nabokov, Ada or Ardor, Penguin, published 2011, page 8:

(music, art) A short piece of music or act in the interval of the main spectacle; a theatrical interlude.


tooled

en-adj

tooled (comparative more tooled, superlative most tooled)

more tooled (comparative)
most tooled (superlative)

A few sets of tooled leather bindings were set out on narrow polished tables, between book ends.

1939, Raymond Chandler, The Big Sleep, Penguin, published 2011, page 22:

(bookbinding) Impressed with an ornamental design.


f-number

(photography) The ratio of the focal length of a lens to its diameter; a measure of the light-gathering ability of the lens.


eclecticism

en-noun

eclecticism (countable and uncountable, plural eclecticisms)

(art) Any form of art that borrows from multiple other styles


sandman

E.T.A. Hoffmann
The Sandman (short story)
sandman

From sand + -man. The mythological sense may be from German Sandmann, Sandmännchen, as it is apparently first attested in English in the context of E.T.A. Hoffmann’s novella The Sandman (1816). The German is attested in the relevant sense since at least the mid-18th century.

This then was the Sandman; but what was his occupation, and what was his purpose ? The nursery-maid being applied to, gave a nursery-maid's explanation, that the Sandman was a bad man, who flung sand in the eyes of little children who did not go to bed.

1827, “On the Supernatural in Composition; and particularly on the Works of Ernest Theodore William Hoffman”, in Museum of Foreign Literature and Science, volume 11, page 458:

(folklore) A figure that brings sleep and dreams by sprinkling magical sand into people's eyes.


polyptych

From Ancient Greek πολύπτυχος (polúptukhos, “with many folds”), from πολύς (polús, “many”) + πτυχή (ptukhḗ, “a fold”).

uder

[...], a polyptych is a painting with more than one section – a diptych is a painting in two parts or sections, a triptych in three, and so on. Perhaps the most famous polyptych is the Ghent Altarpiece by the early Flemish painters Hubert and Jan van Eyck.

2021 September 7, Reginald Wiebe, Polyptych: Adaptation, Television, and Comics, Vernon Press, →ISBN:

(art) A work consisting of multiple painted or carved panels joined together, often with hinges.

liestaolenn

a work consisting of multiple painted or carved panels joined together


ripping

en-noun

ripping (countable and uncountable, plural rippings)

The action of one who rips (in any sense).

(woodworking) Wood that has been ripped (cut parallel to the grain).


capitalist realism

Possibly coined in 1963 when it was used as the title of an art exhibition/performance in Düsseldorf, alluding to socialist realism. The term was later reused in a political philosophy context by cultural theorist Mark Fisher.

Back in West Berlin, Rene Block thought the term 'Capitalist Realism' resonated strongly with other kinds of 'new realism' taking place there, in the shadow of the GDR. In 1971 he used the term again for a show of prints, but disappointedly […]

2008, Claudia Mesch, Modern Art at the Berlin Wall: Demarcating Culture in the Cold War Germanys, Tauris Academic Studies:

Richter's concept of 'capitalist realism' alluded to the doctrines of socialist realism east of the border. These approaches were taken further in the actions of Happening and Fluxus artists in the wake of the student movement.

2013, John Sandford, editor, Encyclopedia of Contemporary German Culture, Routledge, →ISBN:

Following two earlier major Sigmar Polke shows, at Tate Liverpool in 1996 and Tate Modern in 2005, this extensive retrospective aims to show the German painter, film-maker and sculptor in full. A founder, with Gerhard Richter, of capitalist realism (a rejoinder to British and American pop art) in the 1960s), Polke went on to make an enormous variety of hallucinatory, poisonous, gorgeous and unsettling works that still reverberate with a strange, dark humour.

2014 September 8, Oliver Wainwright, Jonathan Jones, Adrian Searle, “Art, design and architecture: what to see in autumn 2014”, in The Guardian:

(art) A short-lived German pop art movement of the 1960s.


aedicula

(art) A painted framed niche giving the appearance of depth.


applique

applique (countable and uncountable, plural appliques)

appliques (plural)
appliqué (alternative)

Has anybody seen a dog dyed dark green / […] / And designer jeans with appliques on it?

1980, “Quiche Lorraine”, in Wild Planet, performed by The B-52's:

(art) A decorative design made by cutting pieces of material and applying them to the surface of another for decoration.


applique

en-verb

applique (third-person singular simple present appliques, present participle appliqueing, simple past and past participle appliqued)

appliques (present singular third-person)
appliqueing (participle present)
appliqued (participle past)
appliqued (past)
appliqué (alternative)

(transitive, art) To decorate something in this way.


volet

Painted on panel, and possibly the central volet of a triptych, it showed an enthroned Madonna rescuing from Satan a young man whom she clutches by the wrist.

2009, Mario Buhagiar, Essays on the Knights and Art and Architecture in Malta, 1500–1798, →ISBN, page 85:


Raphael

en-proper noun

Raphael (countable and uncountable, plural Raphaels)

/ˈɹæf.eɪˌɛl/

/ˌɹæf.aɪˈɛl/

/ˌɹɑ.faɪˈɛl/

/ˌɹæf.aɪˈɛl/

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-Raphael.wav

Latin Raphael. From Koine Greek Ῥᾱφᾱήλ (Rhāphāḗl), from Hebrew רָפָאֵל (Rāfāʾēl, literally “God cures/has healed”).

der

(art) Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino, an Italian Renaissance painter (1483–1520).


halftone

halftones (plural)
half-tone (alternative)

(art) An intermediate or middle tone in a painting, engraving, photograph, etc.; a middle tint, neither very dark nor very light.


sunlamp

(film, photography) A high-intensity lamp, used to produce an illusion of daylight.


pellicle

From Latin pellicula, from pellis (“skin”). Doublet of pellicule.

(photography) The photosensitive emulsion of photographic film.


boned

(art) Of computer-generated animations: based on models with simulated bones or joints.


futurist

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-futurist.wav

The distinction, however, seems to be that the warriors of the past went in for tournaments, which were at least dangerous for themselves, while the Futurists go in for motor-cars, which are mainly alarming for other people.

1910, Gilbert Keith Chesterton, “The Futurists”, in Alarms and Discursions:

‘A passion for destruction is also a creative passion.’ This statement by the Russian revolutionary Mikhail Bakunin in 1842 could have been the rallying cry of the Italian Futurists around 1910.

2005, Alan Bartram, Futurist Typography and the Liberated Text, Yale University Press, →ISBN, page 20:

(art) An adherent to the principles of the artistic movement of futurism.


panchromatic

(photography, of black and white film) sensitive to all visible colours


triplex

en-noun

triplex (countable and uncountable, plural triplexes)

From Latin triplex. Analyzable as tri- + -plex.

(juggling) A throwing motion where three balls are thrown with one hand at the same time.


nahualism

From nahual + -ism. The first element is from Nahuatl nahualli (“sorcerer, spirit, animal form a person may take”).

uder

(folklore, mythology) The Mesoamerican belief that certain human beings can transform into animals.


tabletop

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-tabletop.wav

Photographic greeting cards are usually tabletops.

1946, U.S. Camera, volume 9, numbers 6-11, page 72:

(photography, advertising) A photograph of an object or product placed on a table.


fingerboard

(music, lutherie) A flat or roughly flat strip on the neck of a stringed instrument, against which the strings are pressed to shorten the vibrating length and produce notes of higher pitches.


multivalent

en-adj

multivalent (comparative more multivalent, superlative most multivalent)

more multivalent (comparative)
most multivalent (superlative)


black letter

en-noun

black letter (countable and uncountable, plural black letters)

black letters (plural)
blackletter (alternative)
black-letter (alternative)

Also we discovered what is still more curious, an English version of the black-letter Latin.

1886 October – 1887 January, H[enry] Rider Haggard, She: A History of Adventure, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., published 1887, →OCLC:

The original boldface printing types are the blackletters used by Gutenberg in the 1440s. For the next two centuries, blackletter fonts were widely used not only in Germany but in France, Spain, the Netherlands and Engand.

2002, Robert Bringhurst, The Elements of Typographic Style (version 2.5), Vancouver: Hartley & Marks, →ISBN, page 103:

(calligraphy) A highly calligraphic Western European script style used from approximately 1150.

(typography) A Northern European style of type based on the script, with contrasting thick-and-thin, angular strokes forming upright letterforms, and usually set with a dark typographic colour on the page.


illumine

en-verb

illumine (third-person singular simple present illumines, present participle illumining, simple past and past participle illumined)

illumines (present singular third-person)
illumining (participle present)
illumined (participle past)
illumined (past)

From Middle English illuminen (“to light, light up; to shine; (figuratively) to enlighten spiritually; to make illustrious”) [and other forms], from Old French illuminer (“to light up, illuminate; (figuratively) to enlighten”) (modern French illuminer), from Latin illūmināre, the present active infinitive of illūminō (“to light up, illuminate; to brighten; to adorn; to make conspicuous”), from il- (variant of in- (prefix meaning ‘in, within’; intensifying prefix)) + lūminō (“to illuminate; to brighten; (figuratively) to reveal”) (from lūmen (“light; light source; (poetic) brightness; daylight”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *lewk- (“to shine; to see; bright”)) + -ō (suffix forming regular first-conjugation verbs)).

der

To Cato, Virgil pay'd one honeſt line; / O let my Country's Friends illumin mine!

1738, [Alexander] Pope, One Thousand Seven Hundred and Thirty Eight. Dialogue II, London: […] R[obert] Dodsley […], →OCLC, page 9:

(art) To decorate (a page of a manuscript book) with ornamental designs.


literalism

en-noun

literalism (usually uncountable, plural literalisms)

The two main forms of literalism are ergism and orthodoxy.

2015, Søren Kierkegaard, Bruce H. Kirmmse, K. Brian Söderquist, Kierkegaard's Journals and Notebooks, Volume 2: Journals EE-KK, →ISBN:

(art) The style of art portraying a subject as literally and accurately as possible.


pull quote

pull quotes (plural)
pull-quote (alternative)

Experts are often reduced to sound bites or "pull quotes," if they are consulted at all.

2017, Tom Nichols, The Death of Expertise, page 10:

Really, though, in between the pull quotes and the killer lines, Infantino’s performance was something far more disturbing.

2022 November 19, Barney Ronay, “Gianni Infantino does his Football Jesus act during bizarre monologue on Qatar”, in The Guardian:

(graphic design) A brief excerpt drawn from a document and set separately from the main text—often in larger type and/or in a frame—in order to draw the eye.


rilievo

From Italian rilievo. Doublet of relief.

One of the rilievos on the outer wall of the church seems to belong to an early period of the Longobard dominion in Italy, when that nation was still Arian: […]

1840, The Penny Cyclopædia of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge:


stop up

en-verb

stop up (third-person singular simple present stops up, present participle stopping up, simple past and past participle stopped up)

stops up (present singular third-person)
stopping up (participle present)
stopped up (participle past)
stopped up (past)

stop down

antonym(s) of “increase the aperture of a photographic lens”

To stop down means to narrow the aperture; to stop up or open up means to expand it.

2002, Kathleen Tracy, The Complete Idiot's Guide to Portrait Photography, →ISBN, page 18:

(photography) To increase the aperture of a photographic lens, moving from an f/stop represented by a higher number to an f/stop represented by a lower number and causing more light to pass into the camera.


slicker

From slick (“to smooth or make slick”) + -er.

(metalworking) A curved tool for smoothing the surfaces of a mould after the withdrawal of the pattern.


Netherlandish

From Netherland(s) + -ish. Compare Netherlandic, which is used mainly in linguistics.

It has been said that Old English is Dutch, and to no other nation is the study of the Netherlandish more interesting than to the English.

Low Dutch means both Low Frankish (or Netherlandish) and Low Saxon (or “Low German”).

1991, Sarah Grey Thomason, Terrence Kaufman, Language Contact, Creolization, and Genetic Linguistics, Berkeley, Los Angeles, Oxford: University of California Press, page 321:

(chiefly art, linguistics, history) The Dutch language.


Netherlandish

Even more strikingly assumptive of a Low Countries context is Article 12's prescription that any guild brother who maimed another 'shall compownde with' and 'recompense and satisfy' the person whom he hurt. Composition or settlement of interpersonal wrongs by money compensation, rather than state prosecution, was common in much of Europe, including in Netherlandish cities.

2023, Shannon McSheffrey, Ad Putter, “The Formation of the Hatmakers' Fraternity”, in The Dutch Hatmakers of Late Medieval and Tudor London: with an edition of their bilinguial Guild Ordinances, Boydell & Brewer, →JSTOR, page 48:

(chiefly art, linguistics, history) Of or pertaining to the Netherlands.


bentwood

en-noun

bentwood (countable and uncountable, plural bentwoods)

About this time [Michael] Thonet received his first major public commission from the famous Cafe Daum in Vienna. From this point on, the bentwood chair would be known by many as the Cafe Chair[…]. The back is made of four layers of twisted mahogany laminates, while the front legs appear to be bent from solid stock with turned capitals, which act as shoulders for the tenon of the leg into the seat. The seat frames are made of five layers of mahogany, as they were in the Schwarzenburg chairs. Because of its lightness, durability and accommodating design, the bentwood chair was perfectly suited for public places.

1985, “Michael Thonet”, in Fine Woodworking on Bending Wood: 35 Articles Selected by the Editors of Fine Woodworking Magazine, Newtown, Ct.: Taunton Press, →ISBN, page 56:

Bentwood furniture is made by bending and nailing long, straight, fresh branches or suckers of trees around a frame. Unlike most stick work, bentwood furniture is carefully planned before it is made.

1992, Daniel Mack, “Contemporary Styles of Rustic Furniture”, in Making Rustic Furniture, New York, N.Y.: Lark Books, →ISBN, page 42:

(woodworking, countable and uncountable, sometimes attributive) Lengths of wood that have been made pliable by heating with steam and then bent into the appropriate shape (to make furniture, ships' hulls, etc.).

Bugholz

wood that has been made pliable and bent


pan

en-verb

pan (third-person singular simple present pans, present participle panning, simple past and past participle panned)

pans (present singular third-person)
panning (participle present)
panned (participle past)
panned (past)

(intransitive, photography) To move the camera lens angle while continuing to expose the film, enabling a contiguous view and enrichment of context. In still-photography large-group portraits the film usually remains on a horizontal fixed plane as the lens and/or the film holder moves to expose the film laterally. The resulting image may extend a short distance laterally or as great as 360 degrees from the point where the film first began to be exposed.


minimalism

en-noun

minimalism (countable and uncountable, plural minimalisms)

(art) A style of art that emphasises extreme simplicity of form.


contre-jour

(art) A similar effect achieved in painting.


caulker

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-caulker.wav


grist

grist (countable and uncountable, plural grists)

From Middle English grist, gryst, from Old English grist, gyrst (“the action of grinding, corn for grinding, gnashing”), of obscure origin: possibly from a pre-Germanic substrate language, or from a derivative of Proto-Germanic *gredaną (“to crunch”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *gʰer- (“to rub, grind”). Cognate with Old Saxon gristgrimmo (“gnashing of the teeth”), German Griesgram (“a grumbler, a grouch, peevishness, misery”), Old English gristel (“gristle”).

cog

(ropemaking) A given size of rope, common grist being a rope three inches in circumference, with twenty yarns in each of the three strands.


historicism

en-noun

historicism (countable and uncountable, plural historicisms)

Calque of German Historismus, historic + -ism.

(art) The use of historical styles in contemporary art.


monotype

monotype (countable and uncountable, plural monotypes)

From mono- + type or mono- + -type. The printing technique is so called because it allows only one impression to be taken.

(art, printing) A print made by creating the design using oil paint or printer's ink on metal or glass, then transferring the image directly to paper.

monotype

a print of some design created on metal or glass

(art, printing, uncountable) The technique of making such prints.


loper

(ropemaking) A swivel placed at one end of the ropewalk, with the whirl being at the opposite end.


snoot

From Scots snoot, snout (“snout”), from Middle English snowte, from Middle Dutch snute; ultimately from Proto-West Germanic *snūt, from Proto-Germanic *snūtaz. Doublet of snout.

Snoots have traditionally been round in shape when attached to studio strobes, but with flash photography, they have taken on a more rectangular shape because the flash heads are rectangular.

2014 December 26, Alyn Stafford, Flash Techniques for Location Portraiture: Single and Multiple-Flash Lighting Techniques, Amherst Media, →ISBN, page 36:

(theater, photography) A cylindrical or conical attachment used on a spotlight to restrict spill light.

veitsi

theater: cylindrical or conical attachment on a spotlight


snoot

en-verb

snoot (third-person singular simple present snoots, present participle snooting, simple past and past participle snooted)

snoots (present singular third-person)
snooting (participle present)
snooted (participle past)
snooted (past)

Which might mean shaping it, gelling it, snooting it, barn dooring it, and putting it on a stand or a clamp. Maybe taking the dome diffuser off. Perhaps zooming it. Oh my. And you thought you were just taking a picture.

(transitive, theater, photography) To apply a snoot attachment to (a light).


linear perspective

en-noun

linear perspective (countable and uncountable, plural linear perspectives)

(art) A form of geometric perspective in which parallel lines are represented as converging in order to give the illusion of depth and distance.


giornata

(art) The amount of painting that can be done in a day, important in producing frescos.


repoussoir

(art) The use of an object such as a curtain extremely close up to the picture plane in a painting. This originates from Baroque paintings and is used to create depth


scherenschnitte

/ˈʃɛəɹənˌʃnɪtə/

From German Scherenschnitte, plural of Scherenschnitt (literally “scissor cut”).

(art) An art of papercutting, cutting continuous paper designs, which began in Switzerland and Germany in the 1500s and was brought to Colonial America in the 1700s by immigrants who settled primarily in Pennsylvania.


quodlibet

From Latin quod libet (“that which is pleasing”).

(art) A form of trompe l'oeil which realistically renders domestic items (paper-knives, playing-cards, ribbons, etc).


boscage

boscage (countable and uncountable, plural boscages)

From the Middle English boskage, from the Old French boscage, from Vulgar Latin *boscāticum, from Late Latin boscus, from Frankish *busk (compare Middle Dutch busch), from Proto-Germanic *buskaz (“forest, woods”).

der

(art) Among painters, a picture depicting a wooded scene.


reducer

(photography) A liquid used in the process of developing a negative to reduce its darkness.


pop art

From op art and abbreviation of popular, attributed to English art critic Lawrence Alloway (1926–1990).

Before pop art, there was such a thing as bad taste. Now there’s kitsch, schlock, camp and porn.

1978, Don DeLillo, Running Dog, New York: Knopf, page 148:

(art) A genre of art that uses elements of popular culture, often using techniques from commercial art and advertising.


op art

(art) A genre of abstract art that uses geometric shapes and vivid colours to create optical illusions, such as an illusion of movement.


zoomorphism

zoomorphisms (plural)
zoömorphism (alternative)

(art, literature) The use of animal figures in art and design or of animal symbols in literature.

zoomorfizm

the use of animal figures in art and design or of animal symbols in literature


crosshatching

en-noun

crosshatching (countable and uncountable, plural crosshatchings)

(art) A method of showing shading by means of multiple small lines that intersect.

kauruku whakahāngai

a method of showing shading by means of multiple small intersecting lines


vertu

Borrowed from Italian virtù, †vertù (“moral worth, virtue (13th century); determination, perseverance, military valour (14th century); study of the liberal or fine arts; appreciation of, taste for, or expertise in the fine arts; objets d'art collectively (16th century)”); or from French vertu (“virtue”), ultimately from Latin virtūt-, virtus (“virtue”). Doublet of virtue; compare also virtuoso.

bor

To give them their Due, they ſoar a Step higher than their Predeceſſors, and may be called Men of Wiſdom and Vertù (take heed you do not read Virtue).

1750, Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, A Foundling, volume III, London: Printed for A[ndrew] Millar, →OCLC, pages 238–239:

He engaged a certain Abbé of distinguished taste in virtù to attend them as their Ciceroné, and explain the antiquities brought from Herculaneum and Pompeia […].

1789, John Moore, Zeluco, Valancourt, published 2008, page 233:

(art, now historical) The fine arts as a subject of study or expertise; understanding of arts and antiquities.

A Catalogue of a Truly Valuable Assemblage of Articles of Virtu of William Chinnery, Esq. Brought from Gillwell, Essex[…].

1812, William Chinnery, A Catalogue of a Truly Valuable Assemblage of Articles of Virtu of William Chinnery …, London: [s.n.], →OCLC, title page:

Now, when with royal Tranquo I visited this wondrous whale, and saw the skull an altar, and the artificial smoke ascending from where the real jet had issued, I marvelled that the king should regard a chapel as an object of vertù.

1851, Herman Melville, “Moby-Dick or The White Whale”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name), Boston: The St. Botolph Society, published 1922, →OCLC, page 423:

The more drawers and closets there were, the more hiding-holes could Charlotte make for the accommodation of old rags, hair-combs, old shoes, ribbons, cast-off artificial flowers, and other articles of vertù, wherein her soul delighted.

1852, Harriet Beecher Stowe, Uncle Tom's Cabin, London: John Cassell, →OCLC, page 178:

(art, now historical) Objets d'art collectively.


jointer

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-jointer.wav

Any of various tools used to construct or finish joints, especially:

(woodworking) The largest kind of plane used by a joiner.


boulle

en-noun

boulle (usually uncountable, plural boulles)

The boulle clock ticked, with mindless vigilance.

2004, Alan Hollinghurst, The Line of Beauty […], London: Picador, →ISBN:


marquetry

marquetry (countable and uncountable, plural marquetries)

marquetries (plural)
marqueterie (alternative)
marquetery (alternative)

strawen marquetry

Wearing a dress in Labour's ruby red, the shadow chancellor joins me at a circular table amid the art deco glamour of Bettys' subterranean Spindler room, which is adorned with numerous stained-wood “marquetry pictures”.

2023 October 7, Jim Pickard, “It's not government that creates jobs”, in FT Weekend, Life & Arts, page 3:

(uncountable, woodworking) A decorative technique in which veneers of wood, ivory, metal etc. are inlaid into a wooden surface to form intricate designs.


close-up

(photography) A photographic (or other) image in which the subject is shown at a relatively large scale, and occupies most or all of the frame.


computerism

(art) A painting style that developed from the cubist movement.


memorate

memorates (plural)
memorat (alternative)

From Latin memorātus, past participle of memorāre (“to bring to remembrance, mention, recount”), from memor (“remembering”); see memory.

An undemonstrable legend is no legend at all. One must postulate that every fabulate is based on a memorate.

1974, Linda Dégh, Andrew Vázsonyi, “The memorate and the proto-memorate”, in The Journal of American Folklore, volume 87, →DOI, page 232:

(folklore) an oral narrative from memory relating a personal experience, especially the precursor of a legend.


edge banding

(woodworking) Alternative spelling of edgebanding


hieratic

From Latin hieraticus, from Ancient Greek ἱερατικός (hieratikós), from ἱερατεία (hierateía, “priesthood”), from ἱερατεύω (hierateúō, “be a priest”), from ἱερεύς (hiereús, “priest”), from ἱερός (hierós, “sacred”).
Use pertaining to the Egyptian writing system originates with the Greek phrase γράμματα ἱερατικά (grámmata hieratiká, literally “priestly writing”), which was first used by Saint Clement of Alexandria in the 2nd century AD, as at that time hieratic was used only for religious texts, as had been the case for the previous thousand years.

Some of the more hieratic sculptures leave the viewer curiously unmoved.

They came in among earth-moving machines, a total absence of trees, the usual hieratic geometry, and eventually, shimmying for the sand roads, down in a helix to a sculptured body of water named Lake Inverarity.

1966 March, Thomas Pynchon, chapter 3, in The Crying of Lot 49, New York, N.Y.: Bantam Books, published November 1976, →ISBN, page 37:

(art) Extremely stylized, restrained or formal; adhering to fixed types or methods; severe in emotional import.

hiératique

extremely stylized, restrained or formal


soucouyant

soucouyants (plural)
soucriant (alternative)

1986, Kenneth Ramchand, “Wayne Vincent Brown”, in Daryl Cumber Dance (ed.), Fifty Caribbean Writers: A Bio-Bibliographical Critical Sourcebook, Greenwood Press, →ISBN, page 90,
We can notice, for example, that “Vampire” combines the folkloric soucouyant (blood-sucking old woman in the shape of a ball of fire), a science fiction creature (“clammy, from its bed of hairs / And thirsty” [p. 24]), the moon again (Brown’s poems are obsessed by the moon); …

2002, David E. Jones, Evil in Our Midst: A Chilling Glimpse of the World's Most Feared and Frightening Demons, Square One Publishers, Inc., →ISBN, page 133,
The Soucouyant is an evil fire, a kind of witch, that robes itself entirely in the skin of an old woman to hide its true identity from neighbors.

“The soucouyant is an old woman that sheds her skin,” Beth said. “She flies out of her house and looks for human blood. When she finds it, she changes into an animal of some kind and sucks the blood away.”

2003, Ken Douglas, Jack Stewart, Diamond Sky, Bootleg Press, →ISBN, page 110:

(Caribbean, folklore) A night witch who sucks people's blood, sheds her skin, and can transform into a fireball and fly.


flashbulb

flashbulbs (plural)
flash bulb (alternative)

When Christine Jorgensen's plane touched down carrying her home from Denmark […] 300 reporters surged forwards, shouting questions as flash bulbs popped.

2005 March 2, Leslie Feinberg, “Even McCarthy was gay baited”, in Workers World:

(historical, photography) A glass bulb that made a single bright flash for illumination during a photograph.


flashgun

flashguns (plural)
flash gun (alternative)

(photography) An electrically powered device used to trigger a flashbulb.

(photography) Any similar unit used to generate repeatable flashes of light for photography.

閃光燈 /闪光灯

a unit used to generate repeatable flashes of light for photography


Mannerist

en-adj

Mannerist (comparative more Mannerist, superlative most Mannerist)

more Mannerist (comparative)
most Mannerist (superlative)


Mannerist

(art) An artist who works in the style of Mannerism.

maneirista

an artist who works in the style of Mannerism


Mannerism

(art) A style of art developed at the end of the High Renaissance, characterized by the deliberate distortion and exaggeration of perspective and especially the elongation of figures.


low key

(photography) A dark area of a photograph with little contrast.


spray

en-noun

spray (countable and uncountable, plural sprays)

→ Esperanto: spraji

→ Turkish: sprey

From Middle Dutch sprāien, sprayen, spraeyen (“to spray, sprinkle, spread”), ultimately from Proto-Germanic *sprēwijaną (“to spray, sprinkle”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)per- (“to sow, scatter”).
Cognate with Middle High German spræjen, spræwen (“to squirt, spray, dust, splash, straw”), Danish dialectal språe (“to open up, burst forth”), Swedish dialectal språ (“to sprout, shoot forth, burst”), Norwegian dialectal spra, spræ (“to splash, splatter, spout, burst forth”), Dutch sproeien (“to spray, sprinkle”), German sprühen (“to spray, sparkle”).

der

(metalworking, countable) A side channel or branch of the runner of a flask, made to distribute the metal to all parts of the mold.

побе́г

дерева или кустарника

Edward H[enry] Knight
w:Edward H. Knight

(metalworking, countable) A group of castings made in the same mold and connected by sprues formed in the runner and its branches.


affetti

(art) Human passion and feelings expressed through gesture.


spalting

en-noun

spalting (countable and uncountable, plural spaltings)

(woodworking) Any coloration of wood, either living or dead, by fungi, which is considered visually or texturally appealing. Biochemical responses by the tree are not included within the scope of spalting.


full-length

Coordinate term: half-length

(art, of a painting, a sculpture or a photograph) Representing the full height of the body.

kokovartalo-

(arts) representing the full height of the body


full-length

Below was a full-length of James II., at whose feet was a sort of throne, on which the duchess was placed.

1837, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], “An Interview”, in Ethel Churchill: Or, The Two Brides. […], volume II, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 212:


full-size

As well as demonstrating operating facilities, full-size car body models are used for experimenting with new types of interior finish, systems of lighting, positioning of route diagrams and advertisements, and the best form of windscreens at doorways, and the height and location of handgrips and handrails.

1951 October, “Models Assist Rolling Stock Design”, in Railway Magazine, page 647:

(art) (of a representational artwork or model) Being the same size as the original.


stacking

stacking (countable and uncountable, plural stackings)

(photography) An image processing technique to reduce noise or add special effects.


morbidezza

(art) A naturalistic delicacy in flesh tones.


ignis fatuus

From New Latin ignis fatuus (literally “foolish fire”).

bor

Fiery spirits or devils are such as commonly work by blazing stars, fire-drakes, or ignes fatui; which lead men often in flumina aut præcipitia, saith Bodine[…]

1624, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], The Anatomy of Melancholy: […], 2nd edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC:

An Ignis Fatuus, that bewitches, / And leads Men into Pools and Ditches

1662 (indicated as 1663), [Samuel Butler], “[The First Part of Hudibras]. Canto I.”, in Hudibras. The First and Second Parts. […], London: […] John Martyn and Henry Herringman, […], published 1678, →OCLC; republished in A[lfred] R[ayney] Waller, editor, Hudibras: Written in the Time of the Late Wars, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: University Press, 1905, →OCLC, page 16:


Saxe

Seemingly a combination of influences: Middle English Saxe (“the Saxons”) (from Old English Seaxe), Middle French Saxe (“Saxony”), and German Sachsen (“Saxony”) and Sachse (“a Saxon”) itself, rewritten with x (compare regional German Saxen). The form Saxẽ (i.e., Saxen) is found in some Early Modern sources.
The surname is also partly from German Sachs, itself a variant of Sachse; a variant of Dutch Sas (literally “Saxon”), a cognate; and Middle English Saxe, a personal name from Old Norse Saxi, from sax (“one-edged sword”). All of these ultimately lead back to Proto-Germanic *sahsą (“dagger, knife”). Doublet of Sachs, Sax, Sas, and Sachse.

(photography, historical) A German albumenized paper used in photography.


process art

(art) A style of art, especially sculpture, which emphasises the process by which it was made, rather than its form.


kakemono

/ˌkækeɪˈməʊnəʊ/

Borrowed from Japanese 掛け物 (kakemono, literally “hanging thing”).

(art) A vertical Japanese scroll painting.


pola

a pola filter


overexposure

en-noun

overexposure (countable and uncountable, plural overexposures)

(photography) Exposure of film to light during the development process for a longer time than is required to accurately produce the image.

overbelichting

exposure of film to light for a longer time than is required


overexpose

en-verb

overexpose (third-person singular simple present overexposes, present participle overexposing, simple past and past participle overexposed)

overexposes (present singular third-person)
overexposing (participle present)
overexposed (participle past)
overexposed (past)

(photography) To expose (film) to light during the development process for a longer time than is required to accurately produce the image.


overdevelop

overdevelop (third-person singular simple present overdevelops, present participle overdeveloping, simple past and past participle overdeveloped)

overdevelops (present singular third-person)
overdeveloping (participle present)
overdeveloped (participle past)
overdeveloped (past)

(photography) To develop a photographic film for too long

túlhív

to develop a photographic film for too long


telephotography

(photography) Photography of distant subjects using a telephoto lens.


knop

From Middle English knop, from Middle Low German and Middle Dutch knoppe, from Proto-Germanic *knuppô, *knuppaz, *knappô, which is perhaps related to *knappō (“knob, boy”).

On these shawl borders the knop and flower are often also combined, the knop becoming the cone or Cypress-like trunk of a tree, the branches of which fam out like the fronds of the Hom. [Plate III., fig. 6]. In some Indian and Persian carpets the knop or cone throws out graceful Hom fronds, one on either side, from the ends of which hangs a large flower, presenting the alternation of a branching cone and flower.

1878, Sir George Christopher Molesworth Birdwood, Paris Universal Exhibition of 1878: Handbook to the British Indian Section, Offices of the Royal Commission, page 106:

(botany, art) A closed bud or bud-like, swelling protuberance of a plant, or the representation thereof in the decorative arts


spolvero

(art, historical) Synonym of pouncing (“type of reproduction by means of powder”)


redevelop

redevelop (third-person singular simple present redevelops, present participle redeveloping, simple past and past participle redeveloped)

redevelops (present singular third-person)
redeveloping (participle present)
redeveloped (participle past)
redeveloped (past)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-redevelop.wav

(transitive) To develop again or differently.

(transitive, photography) To intensify by a second process.

To develop again or differently.
To intensify by a second process.


waned

en-adj

waned (comparative more waned, superlative most waned)

more waned (comparative)
most waned (superlative)

(woodworking) Having wanes, i.e. rounded corners caused by lack of wood, often showing bark.


form factor

Shugart Associates first introduced the 5.25-inch form factor along with the first 5.25-inch floppy drive back in 1976.

2004, Scott Mueller, Upgrading and Repairing Laptops, page 311:

2007, March, Erin McKean, “Redefining the dictionary”, Technology Entertainment Design
I want him to barely remember that this is the form factor that dictionaries used to come in.

(engineering, design, commerce) The geometry of an object, especially in engineering design; configuration.

kokoluokka

The geometry of an object in engineering design


Samikshavad

(art) An indigenous modern art movement in India.


modern art

(art) Any of very many genres of art from the late 19th to the mid 20th centuries, especially those forms that move away from a traditional narrative towards experimentation and conceptual art.


performance art

en-noun

performance art (usually uncountable, plural performance arts)

(art) A form of art in which the artist creates a live performance, often using a variety of media.


photorealism

(art) An extremely realistic style distinguished by paintings, drawings, etc. that are nearly indistinguishable from photographs, frequently produced by tracing and emulating an original photograph.


postimpressionism

(art) A genre of painting that rejected the naturalism of impressionism, using colour and form in more expressive manners.


action painting

action painting (countable and uncountable, plural action paintings)

(art, uncountable) A genre of modern art in which the paint is dribbled, splashed or poured onto the canvas to obtain a spontaneous and totally abstract image.

toimintamaalaus

(art, countable) A painting produced in this style.


danse macabre

(art) A conventional subject in art, literature and drama, or a particular work in that style, in which death (in the form of a putrid corpse, skeleton, the Grim Reaper, etc) is shown leading people to the grave.

dañs bekabe

a conventional subject of artistic painting or drawing


lacing

(bookbinding) The cords by which the boards of a book are fastened to the back.


purfling

The purfling on this violin is exceptionally beautiful.

(music, chiefly lutherie) Two or more very narrow strips of black wood enclosing a lighter-coloured strip of wood set close to the edge of the top and back of a string instrument such as a violin, cello or a guitar, following its outline, or this effect simulated with paint.


videomicrography

High speed videomicrography has been used to simultaneously assess both the motility and morphology of sperm from fertile and infertile men.

1984. United States Congress. House. Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, Education, and Related Agencies, page 482

Another early video work, Crystal (1982), features videomicrography of actual crystal growth mapped to the changing melodic and harmonic motion of the layered and continuously playing electroacoustic soundtrack.

2006. Elizabeth Hinkle-Turner. Women Composers and Music Technology in the United States: Crossing the Line, page 239

(art, sciences) The art and science of making videos of microscopic objects, by the use of a microscope.


maulstick

maulsticks (plural)
mahlstick (alternative)
mahlstock (alternative)
malstick (alternative)

Here the lamps blazed as a dozen or so of the brethren were seated at their desks with maulsticks to rest their wrists on as they used their quills to copy texts on to vellum from the skins of goats or sheep.

2012, Peter Tremayne, Behold a Pale Horse: A Mystery of Ancient Ireland, page 292:

(art) A short stick with a pad on one end, used by a painter to steady their hand, and to prevent it from accidentally touching the painting.


characters per inch

Please use a type that is 10 characters per inch.

(design, typography) A unit of measurement of the number of typographic characters that fit on a one inch line of printed type. This unit is mainly used to specify font sizes that have the same width for each character (monospaced), however it may also be used to give an average for fonts with characters of varying widths.


certosina

(art) A decorative technique, similar to marquetry, much used in the Italian Renaissance period.


lumia

Coined by the musician and inventor Thomas Wilfred (1889-1968), presumably from Latin lumen (“light”).

(art) The use of light patterns as an expressive art form, unaccompanied by sound.


velatura

velatura (countable and uncountable, plural velaturas or velature)

(art) A translucent whitish glaze in painting.


red-eye

red-eye (countable and uncountable, plural red-eyes)

red-eyes (plural)
red eye (alternative)
redeye (alternative)

The noun is derived from red + eye; sense 2.3 (“strong but poor-quality whiskey”) and sense 3 (“overnight airplane flight”) are probably so named because they may cause people to develop bloodshot eyes.
The verb is derived from the noun.

Use red-eye reduction when photographing people. It won't eliminate red-eye in every photo, but it's worth trying. When the D60 attempts to reduce red-eye it lights up the autofocus assist lamp on the front of the camera for about one second before taking the picture.

2009, Corey Hilz, “Making Pictures”, in Nikon D60 (Focal Digital Camera Guides), Burlington, Mass., Oxford, Oxfordshire: Focal Press, →ISBN, part 1 (The Camera), page 65:

If you spot a red-eye problem, however, give the Red-Eye Correction filter a try: [...] If the camera detects red-eye, it applies the removal filter and displays the results in the monitor. If the camera can't find any red-eye, it displays a message telling you so.

2009, Julie Adair King, with Doug Sahlin, “Ten (or so) Fun and Practical Retouch Menu Features”, in Nikon D5000 for Dummies (For Dummies), Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley Publishing, →ISBN, part IV (The Parts of Tens), page 282:

Red eyes in flash photos are not as much of a problem as it used to be thanks to cameras and software that better capture images in low light, but some apps like Adobe Photoshop Express still include a dedicated tool for neutralizing the demonic retinal reflection.

2023 May 3, J. D. Biersdorfer, “How to Automatically Edit and Enhance Your Smartphone Photos”, in The New York Times:

(countable, uncountable, photography) Redness in the eye(s) of someone in a colour photograph, as an unwanted consequence of light from a flash reflecting off blood vessels in the retina.

punasilmäisyys

redness in the eye(s) of someone in a colour photograph


reenter

en-verb

reenter (third-person singular simple present reenters, present participle reentering, simple past and past participle reentered)

reenters (present singular third-person)
reentering (participle present)
reentered (participle past)
reentered (past)
re-enter (alternative)
re-entre (alternative)
reentre (alternative)
reënter (alternative)

(ambitransitive, engraving) To cut deeper where the aqua fortis has not bitten sufficiently.


nettling

en-noun

nettling (countable and uncountable, plural nettlings)

(ropemaking) A process, resembling splicing, by which two ropes are joined so as to form one rope.


colorway

colorways (plural)
colourway (alternative)

Each colorway has a variety of tones (light, medium, and dark) and print styles (floral, dots, stripes, abstract, and geometric).

2011, Emily Cier, Quilt Remix: Spin Traditional Favorites into 10 Fresh Projects, C&T Publishing, →ISBN, page 33:

(art) Any of the schemes of two or more colors in which a design is available.


photorealistic

en-adj

photorealistic (comparative more photorealistic, superlative most photorealistic)

more photorealistic (comparative)
most photorealistic (superlative)


zoopraxiscope

zoopraxiscopes (plural)
zoöpraxiscope (alternative)
zoopraxinoscope (alternative)

A few years before, he bought his youngest girl a zoopraxiscope for her birthday, though he alone kept playing with it, after she grew bored. Now those squadrons of flapping geese and parades of bucking broncos that come alive when the glass drum spins animate his brain.

2018, Richard Powers, The Overstory, Vintage (2019), page 12:

(photography, historical) An instrument developed by Eadweard Muybridge in the 1870's, similar to the phenakistoscope. The instrument involves a disc that includes serial pictures being rotated in front of a light source, projecting them upon a screen, to exhibit the natural movements of animals and the like.


mudra

The king of creation would not have curved his palm into the likeness of a Hindu mudra in an attempt to protect the tiny launching pad on his thumbnail from the dank wind.

1996 [1994], Andrew Bromfield, Crystal World, translation of original by Victor Pelevin:

For the next few minutes, the audience had sat mesmerized as the sisters performed, fingertips joining and parting in mudras, eyebrows quivering.

2023, Santanu Bhattacharya, One Small Voice, Fig Tree, page 109:

(dance, art) Any of several formal symbolic hand postures used in classical dance of India and in Hindu and Buddhist iconography.


resitting

Some photographers offer resittings to clients who are not satisfied with the original photograph.

(photography) A second or subsequent sitting.


rectilinear

rectilinear (comparative more rectilinear, superlative most rectilinear)

more rectilinear (comparative)
most rectilinear (superlative)

/ˌɹɛktɪˈlɪniɚ/

/ˌɹɛktɪˈlɪnɪə/

From post-Classical Latin; either from rectilīneāris or from rectilīneus (whence rectiline) + -ar, in both cases ultimately deriving from rectus (“straight”) + līnea (“line”).

(geometry, art) Formed from straight lines.


nonrepresentational

(art) That does not represent a physical object realistically.

non-figuratif

that does not represent a physical object realistically


autotelic

autotelic (comparative more autotelic, superlative most autotelic)

more autotelic (comparative)
most autotelic (superlative)

non-autotelic

antonym(s) of “containing its own meaning or purpose”

/ˈɔːtəˌtɛlɪk/

/ˌɔːtəˈtɛlɪk/

From Ancient Greek αὐτός (autós, “self”) + τέλος (télos, “result; end”); compare auto- and telic. From early 20th century.

affix

“Running Water Music II” represents a contemporary version of the autotelic poem, freer than its modernist predecessors to assert connections, celebrate openly, declare connections between self and world, but bound by semantic and imagistic frames that derive from a single source.

1989, Michael Davidson, The San Francisco Renaissance: Poetics and Community at Mid-century, Cambridge University Press, published 1991, →ISBN, page 112:

(art, of a work of art or literature) Not motivated by anything beyond itself; thematically self-contained.


pasticcio

en-noun

pasticcio (plural pasticcios or pasticci)

Borrowed from Italian pasticcio. Doublet of pastiche.

(art) An artwork that directly imitates the work of another artist or artists.

(art) A falsified work of art, such as a vase or statue made up of parts of original works, with missing parts supplied.


buhl

buhl (usually uncountable, plural buhls)

buhls (plural)
boulle (alternative)
boule (alternative)

A pronunciation spelling of Boulle, a French woodcarver.

In preparation for a client of his type, she had brought into the shop a buhl cabinet, selected from Jabez Rintle's hoard, and that piece, with its elaborate craftsmanship in brass, inlay, tortoiseshell and carving, arrested Mr Jacobson's flair for a bargain in financial values at least.

1950, Norman Lindsay, Dust or Polish?, Sydney: Angus and Robertson, page 158:

(woodworking, often attributive) A particularly decorative piece of brass or other material, used as inlay in furniture or other works.


DSLR

Initialism of digital single-lens reflex.

initialism

Still images are captured at 14-megapixel resolution, which matches some high-end D.S.L.R. cameras, and the unit seems to do a good job of coping with a variety of lighting conditions.

2014 January 1, Kit Eaton, “Civilian Photography, Now Rising to New Level”, in The New York Times:

(photography) A digital single-lens reflex camera.