trover

trover (countable and uncountable, plural trovers)

Nominal use of Old French trover (“to find”).

How did he like it when the live creatures
Tickled and toused and browsed him all over,
And worm, slug, eft, with serious features
Came in, each one, for his right of trover?

1844, Robert Browning, "Garden Fancies," II. Sibrandus Schafnaburgennis

(law) Taking possession of personal property which has been found.

The pocket-book was a late present from Mrs Western […]. A prudent person […] would not have offered more than a shilling, or perhaps sixpence, for it; nay, some perhaps would have given nothing, and left the fellow to his action of trover, which some learned serjeants may doubt whether he could, under these circumstances, have maintained.

1749, Henry Fielding, Tom Jones, Folio Society, published 1973, page 431:

By a fiction of law, actions of trover are now permittedto be brought against any person who hath got into his possession by any means whatsoever the goods of another, and sold them or used them without the consent of the owner, or refused to deliver them when demanded.

1792, Richard Burns, John Burns, “Trover”, in A New Law Dictionary, volume II:

(law) A legal action brought to recover such property by its original owner.


unappealable

en-adj

unappealable (comparative more unappealable, superlative most unappealable)

more unappealable (comparative)
most unappealable (superlative)

(law, of a verdict etc) Not appealable; that may not be appealed, or sent to a higher court for a second judgement.

неподлежащ на обжалване

not appealable; that may not be appealed


legal recourse

(law) An action that can be taken by an individual or a corporation to attempt to remedy a legal difficulty.


copyfraud

A compound of copy + fraud. Coined in an August 2005 article, "Copyfraud" http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=787244 by Jason Mazzone, an Associate Professor of Law at Brooklyn Law School.

Copyfraud is falsely claiming copyright ownership of works in the public domain. […] Mazzone's article describes copyfraud within the context of US copyright law, but he points out that: ‘As a result of the Berne Convention, there are some basic similarities throughout much of the world.[’]

2006, Mark Jordan, Putting Content Online: A Practical Guide for Libraries, →ISBN, pages 47, 48:

The GPL and GPL FAQ don't say that applying a copyright and license (GPL) to Public Domain works after a trivial modification is copyfraud either, but it is.

2008 January 25, Rod Pemberton, “Re: modernization of FORTH, Age Results”, in comp.lang.forth (Usenet):

Made possible because people trust in the veracity of something that at times is nothing more than a chimera, copyfraud is a particularly acute problem when exacerbated by public institutions like museums.

2008, Eva Hemmungs Wirtén, “‘I am Two Mowglis’: Kipling, Disney, and a Lesson in How to Use (and Abuse) the Public Domain”, in Terms of Use: Negotiating the Jungle of the Intellectual Commons, →ISBN, page 105:

(law) False claims of copyright, such as a claim of copyright ownership of public domain material.


filiation

en-noun

filiation (countable and uncountable, plural filiations)

First attested in c. 1520. From French filiation

(countable, law) The determination of paternity.

The filiations are from a common stock.

(countable, law) One that is derived from a parent or source; an offshoot.


clinically dead

Twelve dogs have been brought back to life with no signs of permanent damage after being clinically dead for two hours.

1974, “Natural Sciences: Supercooling dogs,”, in Science News, volume 106, number 23, page 360:

(medicine, law) In a state in which usual medically observable vital signs—such as respiration, heartbeat, and corneal reflex—are not present, but from which patients are sometimes revived.


clinical death

clinical death (countable and uncountable, plural clinical deaths)

The body dies in stages, beginning at clinical death, then brain death, biological death, and finally, cellular death.

1988, Andrea K. Scott, “Death Unto Life: Anencephalic Infants as Organ Donors,”, in Virginia Law Review, volume 74, number 8, page 1533:

(medicine, law) A state in which usual medically observable vital signs—such as respiration, heartbeat, and corneal reflex—are not present, but from which patients are sometimes revived.

vdekja klinike

state in which usual vital signs are not present


substantive law

(law) The statutory or written law that governs rights and obligations of those who are subject to it.


procedural law

(law) The law that comprises the rule by which a court hears and determines what happens in civil or criminal proceedings.


nonfeasance

nonfeasance (countable and uncountable, plural nonfeasances)

(law) The intentional failure to perform an official duty or legal requirement.

(law) The lack of liability associated with the failure to act.


toto caelo

/ˈtəʊtəʊˈsiːləʊ/

From Latin tōto (“whole, all”) + caelō (“heaven”), literally “by the whole [extent] of heaven”.

All which three, viz. Things as they are in themselves knowable; Actions as they depend on us, in order to Happiness; and the right use of Signs in order to Knowledge, being toto cælo different, they seemed to me to be the three great Provinces of the intellectual World, wholly separate and distinct one from another.

1689, John Locke, An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, London: Thomas Basset, Book 4, Chapter 20, p. 362:

The Ingævones, according to Pliny’s own account, were the Chauci, &c. who were all on the west, not the east, so that he errs toto cælo.

1789, John Pinkerton, An Enquiry into the History of Scotland Preceding the Reign of Malcolm III. or the Year 1056, London: George Nicol, Volume 2, Appendix, p. 204:

[…] where local agents differed toto cælo in capacity and character, where the personnel was continually changing, the outcome was necessarily varied.

1903, W. E. B. Du Bois, chapter 2, in The Souls of Black Folk, Chicago: McClurg, page 31:

(law) By diametrical opposition, as far apart as possible.


actual malice

(law) In United States defamation law, the level of knowledge that must be demonstrated for a public figure to prevail as a plaintiff in a lawsuit for defamation; the defendant must have either known that information published about the plaintiff was false, or must have shown reckless disregard for the truth by not a making simple inquiry or investigation which would have disclosed it.


intestableness

(law) The state or characteristic of being legally disqualified from making a will, as by reason of being under the age of majority or mentally incompetent.


intestable

1838, S. Toller and F. Whitmarsh, The Law of Executors and Administrators, 7th ed., Saunders & Benning (London), ch. 1: Of Wills and Codicils, p. 11,
Outlaws also, though merely in civil cases, are intestable, in respect to their personal property, while their outlawry subsists.

(law) Not legally permitted to make a will, as by reason of being under the age of majority or mentally incompetent.


mobilia sequuntur personam

Latin mōbilia (“chattels”) + sequuntur (“they follow”) + persōnam (“person”) = “chattels follow the person”.

(law, archaic) Common law doctrine holding that personal property held by a person is governed by the same law that governs that person, so that if a person who is legally domiciled in one jurisdiction dies with property in a second jurisdiction, that property is legally treated as though it were in the first jurisdiction.


verbatim et literatim

Latin verbātim (“word-for-word”) + et (“and”) + līterātim (“letter-for-letter”).

This fact is not otherwise important than as it tends to prove, that no verbatim et literatim copy of the original has as yet been published.

1825, Sir Nicholas Harris Nicolas, A Synopsis of the Peerage of England: Exhibiting, under Alphabetical Arrangement, The Date of Creation, Descent, and Present State of Every Title of Peerage Which has Existed in this Country since the Conquest. In Two Volumes, page 807:

It is true the pardon was granted with so many precautions and conclusions, especially as regarded the poor bridegroom, that, if delivered as it was received, verbatim et liberatim, Mrs. Palmer could not fail to be assured it would be rejected, not only by the gentleman, but the fond wife, who honoured not less than she loved him.

1838 (date written), L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter XVI, in Lady Anne Granard; or, Keeping up Appearances. […], volume I, London: Henry Colburn, […], published 1842, →OCLC, page 210:

The only liberty which has been taken in reprinting this Dedication, is in reference to the supplying of modern punctuation, and the division of it into paragraphs; but in other respects it is given verbatim et literatim.

Following is a copy of a letter received last week from a man in Texas by a bran company here, given verbatim et literatim: […]

1902 October 13, R. E. Sterling, “Kansas Department”, in The Northwestern Miller, volume 54, number 16, Minneapolis, Minn.: The Miller Publishing Co., published 1902 October 15, page 795, column 4:

But the meaning is in all cases clearly conveyed, and, in justice both to the author and the reader, they have been printed verbatim et literatim, as in the original manuscripts.

2004, Peter Esprit Radisson, Voyages of Peter Esprit Radisson, page 2:


obligor

(law, finance) The party bearing a legal obligation to another party (the obligee).


in court

See you in court!

(law) Inside of a courthouse, for a legal trial.


cop a plea

en-verb

cop a plea (third-person singular simple present cops a plea, present participle copping a plea, simple past and past participle copped a plea)

cops a plea (present singular third-person)
copping a plea (participle present)
copped a plea (participle past)
copped a plea (past)

But blow wise to this, buddy, blow wise to this: Never play cards with a man called Doc. Never eat at a place called Mom's. Never sleep with a woman whose troubles are worse than your own. Never let nobody talk you into shaking another man's jolt. And never you cop another man's plea. I've tried 'em all and I know. They don't work.

1958, Nelson Algren, A Walk on the Wild Side, page 312:

(slang, law) To plead guilty to a lesser criminal charge than one had been charged with.


plea bargaining

(law) The process of negotiating a verdict and sentence without a complete trial.

認罪協商

negotiating a verdict and sentence without a trial


restitutor

(chiefly law) One who (or that which) restores or makes restitution.


servient

en-adj

servient (comparative more servient, superlative most servient)

more servient (comparative)
most servient (superlative)

Borrowed from Latin serviēns, servientis. Doublet of servant and sergeant.

servient youth, and magisterial eld


fugitive from justice

en-noun

fugitive from justice (plural fugitives from justice)

(US, law) A person who is convicted or accused of a crime and who then flees from law enforcement and runs across state lines to evade arrest.


trust fund

(law) Property held by a trustee in a trust established by a grantor for a beneficiary.

Treuhandfonds

property held by a trustee for a beneficiary


ejusdem generis

From Latin ejusdem generis ("of the same kind").

I would submit to the court that in order to determine the legislature's intent of the final phrase we need to apply the interpretive maxim of ejusdem generis to the sentence that contains the sequence.

Or what relation has debating \ Of church-affairs with bear-baiting? \ A just comparison still is \ Of things ejusdem generis: \ And then what genus rightly doth \ Include, and comprehend them both?

1663, Samuel Butler, Hudibras (poem), London, →OCLC, →OL, Part 1, canto 1, lines 853–858:

Ejusdem Generis: Where general words follow specific words in a statutory enumeration, the general words are construed to embrace only objects similar in nature to those objects enumerated by the preceding specific words. Where the opposite sequence is found, i.e., specific words following general ones, the doctrine is equally applicable, and restricts application of the general term to things that are similar to those enumerated.

1984 [1891], N. J. Singer, C. D. Sands, J. G. Sutherland, Statutes and statutory construction, 4th edition (reference; hardcover), Chicago: Callaghan, revision of Statutes and Statutory Construction by Sutherland, →OCLC, §47.17:

The wording of §1 calls for the application of the maxim ejusdem generis, the statutory canon that "[w]here general words follow specific words in a statutory enumeration, the general words are construed to embrace only objects similar in nature to those objects enumerated by the preceding specific words."

2001 March 21, Anthony M Kennedy, Supreme Court of the United States, Circuit City Stores, Inc. v. Adams, 532 U.S. 105 (United States Reports; 532) (judicial opinion), Washington, DC: Supreme Court, →ISBN, Court's majority opinion, page 114:

(law) A canon of construction holding that when a general term follows a list of particular terms, the general term only applies to things similar to the particular terms. For example, in the list "sun, moon, and other large objects", the phrase "other large objects" only includes celestial bodies, not houses and elephants.


tivoization

/ˈtiːvəʊ.ɪˌzeɪʃən/

From TiVo + -ization. Coined by Richard Stallman in 2007, in reference to TiVo's use of GNU GPL-licensed software on the TiVo brand digital video recorders.

(computing, copyright law) The creation of a system that incorporates software under the terms of a copyleft software license, but uses hardware to prevent users from running modified versions of the software on that hardware.


safe harbor

(business, law) A statutory, regulatory, or contractual provision that provides protection, usually from a penalty or liability.


promisor

Each of two or more joint promisors may compel every other joint promisor to contribute equally with himself to the performance of the promise, unless a contrary intention appears from the contract.

1873, Andrew Lyon, Law of India, Volume 1: The Codes, page 15:

[…]the creditor may request the promisor to perform his obligation to a third party.

2018, Adrian Briggs, Andrew Burrows, “Chapter 22: Formation and Third Party Rights in the Myanmar Law of Contract”, in Mindy Chen-Wishart, Alexander Loke, Stefan Vogenauer, editors, Formation and Third Party Beneficiaries, Oxford University Press, page 476:

This may be attributable to a personal mistake of the promisor or negligence of her estate planner.

2022, Alexandra Braun, Claiming a Promised Inheritance: A Comparative Study, Oxford University Press, page 105:

w:Webster's Dictionary#Webster's New International Dictionary 1909

(law, finance) One who engages or undertakes; a promiser.


parol

from Middle French parole, from Latin parabola, from Ancient Greek παραβολή (parabolḗ). Doublet of parable.

Parol, or extrinsic evidence should only be used where it may clarify ambiguous terms of a contract.


parol

Leases , like other conveyances , were good at common law If by deed , by parol

1765–1769, William Blackstone, Commentaries on the Laws of England, (please specify |book=I to IV), Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] Clarendon Press, →OCLC:


extrajudicial

An extrajudicial conveyance is effected by the act of the parties and does not involve, as in the fine and recovery, judicial proceedings.

(law) Out of or beyond the power or authority of a court or judge; beyond jurisdiction.

(law, of a punishment) Carried out without legal authority.


porrect

en-verb

porrect (third-person singular simple present porrects, present participle porrecting, simple past and past participle porrected)

porrects (present singular third-person)
porrecting (participle present)
porrected (participle past)
porrected (past)

From Latin porrectus, past participle of porrigō (“stretch out”).

The Court said, it was a general rule, that the Wife's Proctor, at this stage of the cause, was at liberty to porrect his Bill of Costs, as against the Husband.

1824, Thomas Poynter, A Concise View of the Doctrine and Practice of the Ecclesiastical Courts in Doctors' Commons:

(law) To proffer (a document) for inspection.


obligator

It should here be explained that in this form of natural-law theory, there is a distinction between the "obligator" who puts us under the obligation to do our duty, and the beneficiary of this duty.

1993, Michael J. Lacey, Knud Haakonssen, A culture of rights: the Bill of Rights in philosophy, politics, and law, page 29:

(law) One who establishes an obligation under law


headborough

(historical, law) Synonym of tithingman: the head of a tithing.

(historical, law) Synonym of tithingman: a peace officer or underconstable.


insider trading

Wall Street wants repeal of the provisions for penalizing executives (and large stockholders) who trade in their company's securities. It claims that publicity on such "insider" trading is enough.

1942 February 9, “Back to Philadelphia”, in Time:

The aim of insider trading law is simple: prohibit people from profiting from advance knowledge of a stock-moving event—be it a merger, an earnings warning or a soon-to-be-published news story.

2003 June 5, Jake Ulick, “Insider trading: A primer”, in CNNMoney.com, retrieved 2008-10-25:

(business, finance, law) The illegal trading of a public company's stock or other securities based on material, nonpublic information about the company.

內線交易

trading of securities by a person who has privileged access to information

insájdɛrskije torgóvyje operácii s cénnymi bumágami

инса́йдерские торго́вые опера́ции с це́нными бума́гами


forfeitability

The forfeitability of the claimant’s vehicle was likely due to the fact that she, the claimant, had sold illegal narcotics from the vehicle on three separate occasions.


deodand

From Anglo-Norman deodande, from Latin deodandum, from Deo dandum (“to be given to God”).

Really, it’s hard not to wonder whether some current civil forfeiture practices represent much less than a revival of the archaic common-law deodand.

2024 May 9, Neil Gorsuch, “CULLEY ET AL. v. MARSHALL, ATTORNEY GENERAL OF ALABAMA, ET AL.”, in Opinions, Supreme Court of the United States:

(historical, law) An object forfeited to the state (and supposedly to God) because it had caused the death of a person.

pay the deodand

(historical, law) A fine equal to the value of this object, paid by the owner of the object.


preponderance of evidence

preponderance of the evidence
preponderance of the evidence#English

(law) Alternative spelling of preponderance of the evidence


extradotal

(obsolete, law) Describing the part of a wife's property that does not form part of her dowry and is administered by her husband


de minimis non curat lex

(law) The law does not concern itself with trifles; expression of the rule that the law will not remedy an injury that is minimal.


collateralized

en-adj

collateralized (comparative more collateralized, superlative most collateralized)

more collateralized (comparative)
most collateralized (superlative)

(law) Secured by a pledge of collateral.


prior art

The significance of this language in section 102(e)(2) is that a PCT application can serve as prior art even though the applicant never files in the United States.

2022, Craig Allen Nard, The Law of Patents, Aspen Publishing, →ISBN:

(patent law) In most systems of patent law, all information that has been made available to the public in any form before a given date that might be relevant to a patent's claims of originality, and to which the patent application is compared to determine if it in fact describes a new invention.

tekniikan taso

information that has been made available to the public — see also state of the art

the level of knowledge that was public prior to the patent


FRAND

(law) Abbreviation of fair, reasonable and nondiscriminatory: a standard used with respect to licensing.


hypothecary

Their only real advantage now is that the hypothecary can obtain an order of attachment, […]

1983, Brian Reginald Bamford, The Law of Shipping and Carriage in South Africa, page 24:

(law) The holder of a hypothec, or pledge


constructive notice

(law) A notice of a fact which is created by an operation of law, despite a lack of an actual notice.


ground game

en-noun

ground game (countable and uncountable, plural ground games)

1. Every occupier of land shall have, as incident to and inseparable from his occupation of the land, the right to kill and take ground game thereon, concurrently with any other person who may be entitled to kill and take ground game on the same land.

(British, law, uncountable) Rabbits and hares


E.D.

(law) Initialism of Eastern District, used in case citations to identify courts, particularly United States Federal courts designated to cover the eastern part of a multi-district state.


W.D.

(law) Initialism of Western District, used in case citations to identify courts, particularly United States Federal courts designated to cover the western part of a multi-district state.


attorney of record

attorney of record (plural attorneys of record)

(law) In a legal proceeding, an attorney who has submitted his name to the court or tribunal as the person responsible for representation of the client, irrespective of which attorneys perform work for that client.


N.D.

(law) Northern District, used in case citations to identify courts, particularly United States federal courts designated to cover the northern part of a multi-district state


C.D.

(law) Central District, used in case citations to identify courts, particularly United States Federal courts designated to cover the central part of a multi-district state.


S.D.

United States Federal courts
w:United States Federal court

(law) Abbreviation of Southern District. Used in case citations to identify courts, particularly United States Federal courts designated to cover the southern part of a multi-district state.


Fed. Cir.

w:United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit

(law) Abbreviation of United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit.


Ct. of App.

court of appeals
court of appeals#English


1st Cir.

w:United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit

(law) Abbreviation of United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit.


7th Cir.

w:United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit

(law) Abbreviation of United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit.


5th Cir.

w:United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit

(law) Abbreviation of United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit.


10th Cir.

w:United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit

(law) Abbreviation of United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit.


2d Cir.

w:United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit

(law) Abbreviation of United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit.


4th Cir.

w:United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit

(law) Abbreviation of United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit.


3d Cir.

w:United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit

(law) Abbreviation of United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit.


D.C. Cir.

w:United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit

(law) Abbreviation of United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit.


9th Cir.

w:United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit

(law) Abbreviation of United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit.


6th Cir.

w:United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit

(law) Abbreviation of United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit.


8th Cir.

w:United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit

(law) Abbreviation of United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit.


11th Cir.

w:United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit

(law) Abbreviation of United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit.


litogen

(US, informal, law) Any drug or similar substance, administered during pregnancy, that though probably harmless can lead to lawsuits


bailment

(law) The handing over of control over, or possession of, personal property by one person, the bailor, to another, the bailee, for a specific purpose upon which the parties have agreed.


graymail

From gray + mail: in the threat sense, by analogy with blackmail.

(US, law) The threatened exposure of state secrets in order to manipulate legal proceedings.


graymail

en-verb

graymail (third-person singular simple present graymails, present participle graymailing, simple past and past participle graymailed)

graymails (present singular third-person)
graymailing (participle present)
graymailed (participle past)
graymailed (past)

(US, law) To threaten exposure of state secrets in order to manipulate legal proceedings.


obligee

(law, finance) The party owed an obligation by another party, the obligor.


issuable

(law) Leading to, producing, or relating to, an issue; capable of being made an issue at law.

a writ issuable on these grounds


citator

From Latin citator, agent noun of citare (“to cite”).

A citator will tell you the history and treatment of a case or of a statute or constitutional provision.

1980, Robert Stuart Lorch, Democratic Process and Administrative Law, →ISBN, page 70:

(law) An index of citations of legal cases and other sources


shop right

(US, law) In United States patent law, an implied license under which a firm may use a patented invention, invented by an employee who was working within the scope of their employment, using the firms' equipment, or inventing at the firms' expense.


Fed. Cl.

(law) United States Court of Federal Claims, as used in case citation.


case reporter

(law) A bound volume containing printed legal opinions from a specific jurisdiction.


person of ordinary skill in the art

en-noun

person of ordinary skill in the art (plural persons of ordinary skill in the art or people of ordinary skill in the art)

persons of ordinary skill in the art (plural)
people of ordinary skill in the art (plural)

(US, law) In United States patent law, the hypothetical individual whose likely knowledge determines whether an improvement on existing technology would be obvious, and therefore not patentable.


BPAI

w:Board of Patent Appeals and Interferences

(law) Abbreviation of Board of Patent Appeals and Interferences.


prosecution history

prosecution history (plural prosecution histories)

(US, law) The record of the examination of a patent application, including the original application, responses made by the examiner, and amendments made by the applicant to address objections raised by the examiner.


derivative work

derivative work (plural derivative works)

(law) In copyright law, a work that is a variation of an original work sufficiently similar to contain protected elements of the original work, but sufficiently different to qualify for copyright protection independent of the original work.


S.D. Ala.

(law) United States District Court for the Southern District of Alabama, as used in case citations.


N.D. Ala.

(law) United States District Court for the Northern District of Alabama, as used in case citations.


S.D.N.Y.

United States District Court
United States District Court#English

(US, law) Abbreviation of Southern District of New York. (The federal jurisdiction (district) containing the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York)

United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, as used in case citations.

Various law enforcement bodies associated with the district, such as the prosecutor's office (U.S. Attorney)

“I have heard from a good number of people in the S.D.N.Y. who have said, ‘Why the heck would Todd do this — why would he ever take this case?’” said Elie Honig, the CNN senior legal analyst, who worked with Mr. Blanche at the Southern District and speaks highly of him.

2024 April 4, Maggie Haberman, Ben Protess, Alan Feuer, “Trump’s Trial Lawyer Gambled a Gilded Manhattan Career to Represent Him”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:


M.D. Ala.

(law) United States District Court for the Middle District of Alabama, as used in case citations.


debt instrument

debt instrument (plural debt instruments)

In this case, Entity A would be required to separate the equity conversion option (the embedded derivative) from the host debt instrument

2005, Abbas Ali Mirza, Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) Workbook, page 235:

The creditworthiness of a publicly traded debt instrument is often judged in terms of the credit ratings assigned to it by investment rating

2005, James C. Van Horne with John Martin Wachowicz, Fundamentals of Financial Management, page 525:

(finance, law) A document evidencing a debt; the debt so evidenced.


NDA

‘Thereʼs a fairly ferocious NDA involved.’

2020, Ben Aaronovitch, False Value, Gollancz, page 82:

And how is her love life these days? “People bring up NDAs,” she said. “It’s come up. At least as a joke.”

2024 February 16, Minju Pak, quoting Young Kim, “Ode to a Punk Rock ‘Sex God’”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

For me, the craziest parties I've been to I should’ve signed NDAs for. So out of respect for those involved, I'm not gonna clock their tea. So let me keep some of those memories in my memory bank.

2024 May 10, Justin Moran, quoting Isaac Dunbar, “Isaac Dunbar and Kerri Colby Were Built for This”, in Paper:

non-disclosure agreement
non-disclosure agreement#English

(law, business) Initialism of non-disclosure agreement.


NDA

In general, there are two major types of prescription drug applications to obtain agency product approval, which are NDA and ANDA.

2021, Julia Huang, “What Is A CBE 30 Filing? What Is A PAS? What's The Difference Between ANDA And NDA?”, in Pharmaceutical Online:

New Drug Application
w:New Drug Application

(US, law) Initialism of New Drug Application, an application for approval by the Food and Drug Administration of a new pharmaceutical compound for introduction to the market.


rulemaking

Having conducted 15 negotiated rulemakings for five federal agencies, I expected OSHA to publish the rule in 2006.

2008 June 12, Susan Podziba, “Safety Starts at the Top”, in New York Times:

(law) The act or process of creating rules, especially regulations (as opposed to statutes).


non-disclosure agreement

non-disclosure agreement (plural non-disclosure agreements)

Shepard: What sort of work do you do here?
Dr. Palon: I can't say. I signed a non-disclosure agreement. If we survive, I'd like to keep my job.
Dr. Palon: The location is terrible, but the pay is better than any other commercial lab.

2008, BioWare, Mass Effect (Science Fiction), Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →ISBN, →OCLC, PC, scene: Rift Station, Noveria:

Due to Non-Disclosure Agreements, he was unable to confirm too much regarding the work on the '92s', […].

2021 January 27, “Network News: Hydro-treated Vegetable Oil performs well in DBC tests”, in RAIL, issue 923, page 11:

(law, business) A contract that enjoins a party not to disclose certain information.

اِتِّفَاقِيَّة عَدَم الإِفْصَاح

contract not to disclose certain information

all also with -erklärung f and rarely -abrede


solicitee

(law) The recipient of a solicitation; one who is solicited


CDS

CDS (countable and uncountable, plural CDSs or CDSes or CDS)

CDSs (plural)
CDSes (plural)
CDS (plural)

Controlled Dangerous Substances
Controlled Dangerous Substances#English

(law, US, Maryland) Initialism of Controlled Dangerous Substances.


best efforts

best efforts pl (normally plural, singular best effort)

(law) An assurance of good-faith effort to achieve best results under prevailing circumstances.


nonpatentable

(law) Not patentable; not subject to patent protection.


implead

en-verb

implead (third-person singular simple present impleads, present participle impleading, simple past and past participle impleaded or impled)

impleads (present singular third-person)
impleading (participle present)
impleaded (participle past)
impleaded (past)
impled (participle past)
impled (past)

(law) to sue in court, raise an action against a defendant


patentable

en-adj

patentable (comparative more patentable, superlative most patentable)

more patentable (comparative)
most patentable (superlative)

The funding gap is not the sole, or primary reason so few drugs are approved. Whether a product is patentable, and therefore profitable for a pharmaceutical company, is a major determinant in the rate at which it will proceed along the NIH process.

1988 August 13, Miranda Kolbe, “A PWA Movement of Guerrilla Clinics”, in Gay Community News, volume 16, number 5, page 8:

(law) Able to be protected by a patent; for which a patent can be granted.


affeerment

(obsolete, law) The act of affeering or assessing an amercement, according to the circumstances of the case.


shareholders' derivative action

en-noun

shareholders' derivative action (plural shareholders' derivative actions)

shareholders' derivative actions (plural)

(US, law) A lawsuit brought on behalf of a corporation by a shareholder in that corporation, against a third party usually an insider of the corporation, such as an executive officer or director.


affeer

en-verb

affeer (third-person singular simple present affeers, present participle affeering, simple past and past participle affeered)

affeers (present singular third-person)
affeering (participle present)
affeered (participle past)
affeered (past)

From Middle English afferen, aferen, from Old French aferer, afuerer, afeurer, aforer, from Medieval Latin afforāre.

(transitive, obsolete, law) To assess or reduce an arbitrary penalty or amercement to a precise sum; to fix the market value of.


anticircumvention

The anticircumvention and rights-management provisions have been the focus of nearly all opposition to Title I and of much of the opposition to the DMCA as a whole.

2006, Aaron Schwabach, Internet and the Law: Technology, Society, and Compromises, page 91:

(law) In opposition to circumvention of a prohibition, or of a means to carry out a prohibition.


preponderance of the evidence

en-noun

preponderance of the evidence (uncountable)

(law) A legal standard, applied in many jurisdictions for deciding the outcome of civil disputes, which requires that evidence be sufficient to determine that a claim is more likely to be true than not.


clear and convincing evidence

clear and convincing evidence (uncountable)

(law) A legal standard for deciding the outcome of a dispute: evidence that clearly indicates that a claim is more likely to be true than not, without needing to eliminate all doubt.

(no exact equivalent exists; literal translation given) 清晰而有說服力的證據


beyond a reasonable doubt

(law) A legal standard for deciding the outcome of a criminal charge, requiring evidence that is sufficient to eliminate any doubts that a reasonable person might entertain about whether a claim is true or false.


crime against nature

crime against nature (plural crimes against nature)

(law) Any of various sexual deviations that, at one time or another, have been considered to be so unnatural as to be illegal.


legal person

(law) An aggregate of people, legal entity, or body corporate who have (some of) the legal rights and responsibilities of a natural person under the law.


harborage

harborage (countable and uncountable, plural harborages)

A. The exterior of the premises and all structures thereon shall be kept free of all nuisances, unsanitary conditions and fire or safety hazards in the public areas and any of the foregoing shall be removed and abated promptly by the owner or manager.
B. Without limiting the generality of Subsection A, the maintenance includes: . . . (3) Keeping the premises free of conditions conducive to infestation by vermin or insects, such as rodent harborages or stagnant water, and other known sources of infestation.

2016, Jersey City, N.J. Code of Ordinances § 254-43. - Maintenance of exterior of premises:

Even with little notice of the meeting at which Waste Management's application was approved, Appellants' attorney appeared and presented documents describing problems with the proposed plan, including concerns relating to traffic, pollution and flooding, and problems with potential insect, rodent, and bird harborage and attraction to the site.

1997, Eastern Consolidation & Distribution Servs., Inc. v. Bd. of Comm'rs of Hampden Twp., 701 A.2d 621, 624 (Pa. Commw. Ct. 1997) (Jiuliante, J., writing for a unanimous court)

(US, law) A condition on land favorable to infestation by animals considered pests.


LPC

Legal Practice Course
w:Legal Practice Course

(law, England and Wales) Initialism of Legal Practice Course.


periculum

(law) accident or casus, as distinguished from dolus and culpa, and hence relieving one from the duty of performing an obligation


debond

en-verb

debond (third-person singular simple present debonds, present participle debonding, simple past and past participle debonded)

debonds (present singular third-person)
debonding (participle present)
debonded (participle past)
debonded (past)

The Company shall give three months' prior notice to the Customs Collector in case they decide to debond the shipyard.

1962, India Central Board of Revenue, Indian Sea Customs Manual, page 301:


de bonis non administratis

en-adj

de bonis non administratis (not comparable)

From Latin, literally meaning "of goods not administered."

(law) concerning assets remaining in an estate after the death or removal of the estate administrator; remaining assets as distributed by the second administrator (administrator bonis non)


precedented

precedented (comparative more precedented, superlative most precedented)

more precedented (comparative)
most precedented (superlative)

c. 1650 precedent + -ed, possibly a back-formation from unprecedented.

We have a right to take any method that is legal and is precedented.

1905, George Pierce Baker, Henry Barrett Huntington, The Principles of Argumentation, page 660:

(rare, chiefly law) Having a precedent; not novel


invariant section

en-noun

invariant section (plural invariant sections)

* (law): Coined by Free Software Foundation in free software copyright licenses.

I had to include the GNU Manifesto, as it was part of an invariant section.

(law) Something that must not be removed or modified during redistribution.


patentability

(law) The state or condition of being patentable.


antiretaliation

Whistleblowers are protected by the antiretaliation statute.

(law, of a law) Disallowing or preventing retaliation


antidiscrimination

The antidiscrimination laws prohibit hiring based on race.

(law) Opposing or disallowing discrimination


appealability

This exception relates to the appealability of the case. Often the very first issue before the appellate court is whether the court should hear the appeal.

1995, William P. Statsky, R. John Wernet, Case Analysis and Fundamentals of Legal Writing, →ISBN, page 109:

(law) The quality of being entitled to review in an appellate court.

apelabilidade

the quality of being entitled to review in an appellate court


W.D.N.Y.

(law) United States District Court for the Western District of New York, as used in case citations.


N.D.N.Y.

(law) United States District Court for the Northern District of New York, as used in case citations.


E.D.N.Y.

(law) United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York, as used in case citations.


designee

The commissioner of the Texas Department of Public Health is proposing that the commissioner of health, or the designee of the commissioner of health, be able to institute quarantine measures for people with AIDS.

1985 December 28, Kim Westheimer, “Boston Quarantine Proposal Withdrawn”, in Gay Community News, volume 13, number 24, page 11:

The bill authorizes the President's designee, to access funds that the Congress has already appropriated for the auto industries.

2008 December 11, “Automakers to remain under pressure for months yet”, in Birmingham Star:


trade dress

trade dress (usually uncountable, plural trade dresses)

(law) Those characteristics of the visual appearance of a product or its packaging that may be registered and protected from use by competitors in the manner of a trademark.


doctrine of equivalents

(law, US) A legal rule in most patent systems that allows a court to hold a party liable for patent infringement when the infringing device or process does not fall within the literal scope of a patent claim, but nevertheless is equivalent to the claimed invention.


S.D. Fla.

w:United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida

(law) Abbreviation of United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida, as used in case citations.


N.D. Fla.

w:United States District Court for the Northern District of Florida

(law) Abbreviation of United States District Court for the Northern District of Florida, as used in case citations.


M.D. Fla.

w:United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida

(law) Abbreviation of United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida, as used in case citations.


hostage negotiator

hostage negotiator (plural hostage negotiators)

Modern hostage negotiation principles began in 1972 when, then New York Police Detective Harvey Schlossberg, a police officer with a PHD in psychology, recognized the need for trained personnel in the intervention of hostage situations.

(politics, law) A person who negotiates with a person, or groups of persons, for the release of a person, or groups of persons.

túsztárgyaló

a person who negotiates with a person, or groups of persons, for the release of a person, or groups of persons


future interest

future interest (plural future interests)

(law) In property law and real estate, a legal right to property ownership which will vest in the future, but which does not include the right to present possession or enjoyment of the property.


smart money

September 30 1893, Charles Vane-Tempest-Stewart, 6th Marquess of Londonderry, "Empolyers' Liability Bill", quoted in The Parliamentary Debates
it made was paid by employers to workmen employers liable for injuries resulting as smart money

(law) Vindictive or exemplary damages; damages beyond a full compensation for the actual injury done.


LPA

Coordinate term: EPA

lasting power of attorney
lasting power of attorney#English

(countable, law, England and Wales) Initialism of lasting power of attorney.


jeofail

From Old French j'ai failli (“I have failed”).

uder

(law) An oversight in pleading, or the acknowledgment of a mistake or oversight.


antibribery

The antibribery laws in this country are very strict.

(law) Opposing or prohibiting bribery, especially of public officials


talesman

(law) Someone summoned to a jury when a tales is awarded, to make up numbers.


servicer

The servicer is responsible for the collection of interest and principal, which is passed along to the trustee.

2002, Frank J. Fabozzi, The Handbook of Financial Instruments, page 373:

(law, finance) One who services a loan or other obligation, by collecting receivables and carrying out related actions such as enforcement


pseudonymously

(computing, law) Pertaining to pseudonymization.


traversable

en-adj

traversable (comparative more traversable, superlative most traversable)

more traversable (comparative)
most traversable (superlative)

Presentment of a felo de se before justices of peace, or oyer and terminer, traversable by the executor.

1736, Sir Matthew Hale, Historia Placitorum Coronæ:

(law) Deniable; liable to legal objection.


cramdown

(law) A requirement that certain creditors accept a plan of reorganization in a Chapter 11 bankruptcy restructuring.


preclearance

en-noun

preclearance (countable and uncountable, plural preclearances)

The great state of Alabama believes that preclearance is a relic of the past.

(US, law) Advance approval by a federal court or the Department of Justice for changes to voting regulations in certain states under the 1965 Voting Rights Act.


assaultive

This man is not only very very sick, but I believe he is definitely a Potential Assaultive.

1962, Ken Kesey, One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest, New York: Signet, page 134:

Extreme assaultives were operationally defined as those who were convicted of murder, manslaughter, or attempted murder. Moderate assaultives included persons convicted of wounding with intent to cause serious bodily harm, malicious or unlawful wounding, and assault.

1980, Curt R. Bartol, chapter 8, in Criminal Behavior: A Psychosocial Approach,, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, page 223:

(psychiatry, criminology) A person who assaults others.


nullius in bonis

From Latin nūllīus (“of no one”) (genitive of nūllus) + in + bonīs (“goods, property”) (ablative of bōna).

...but being the case of a singing bird, though reclaimed, as it is a thing of base nature, it must be considered as nullius in bonis.

1749, Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, volume IV, London: A[ndrew] Millar, […], →OCLC, book iv:


E.D.N.C.

w:United States District Court for the Eastern District of North Carolina

(law) Initialism of United States District Court for the Eastern District of North Carolina, as used in case citations.


M.D.N.C.

w:United States District Court for the Middle District of North Carolina

(law) Initialism of United States District Court for the Middle District of North Carolina, as used in case citations.


W.D.N.C.

w:United States District Court for the Western District of North Carolina

(law) Initialism of United States District Court for the Western District of North Carolina, as used in case citations.


aubaine

From French aubain (“an alien”) (as in droit d’aubaine), from Old French aubene, of uncertain origin. Perhaps from Latin alibi (“elsewhere”) or from Frankish *alibanus (“of or belonging to another ban”).

der

(historical, law) The inheritance of goods from a foreigner who died in a country where he was not naturalised.


sublessor

The sublessor insisted on being there.

2009 January 18, Joyce Cohen, “Run Away and Join the City”, in New York Times:

(property law) A tenant (or lessee) that grants a sublease; one who sublets.


appellee

From Anglo-Norman, from Old French apelé.

After winning in the lower court, the appellee hoped she would win again in the appeals court.


posttrial

Baker notes only that Robert "saw his mother only once" after their posttrial estrangement[…].

1988 January 8, James Krohe Jr., “Reading: Last Among First Ladies”, in Chicago Reader:


borstal training

The court could sentence them to 'Borstal training', which meant that they were detained in a Borstal institution for an indeterminate period of between six months and two years.

1989, Richard Meredith Jackson, J. R. Spencer, Jackson's Machinery of Justice, page 277:

(British, law, historical) The sentencing of young offenders to a special prison.


M.D. La.

w:United States District Court for the Middle District of Louisiana

(law) Abbreviation of United States District Court for the Middle District of Louisiana, as used in case citations.


W.D. La.

w:United States District Court for the Western District of Louisiana

(law) Abbreviation of United States District Court for the Western District of Louisiana, as used in case citations.


E.D. La.

w:United States District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana

(law) Abbreviation of United States District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana, as used in case citations.


company time

Since I suffered the injury on company time, why shouldn't I also be able to get surgery and do recovery on company time?

2003, Shaquille O'Neal, quoted in Tim Brown, "Shaq's Not Back in Time", Los Angeles Times, February 11, 2003, Sports, Part 4, page 7

What employers find is that if workers are allowed to schedule in that time, many will do those errands on personal rather than company time.

2000, Joan Williams, Unbending Gender: Why Family and Work Conflict and what to Do about it, page 91:

Coordinate term: personal time

(business, law, human resources) A time in which an employee is being compensated by their employer, and for which the employer is therefore responsible for the welfare of the employee, and also in which the employee is expected to refrain from engaging in personal interests.


ameliorative waste

(law) An improvement to an estate that changes its character such that a holder of a future interest in the estate can recover damages against the owner who permitted the improvement to be be made, even if the change actually increases the value of the estate.


supervoting

The Ochs-Sulzberger family owns about a 19 per cent equity stake in the company and controls it through a special class of supervoting shares.

2009 January 21, “New York Times gets Mexican bailout”, in Toronto Star:

(law, finance) Having greater than normal voting rights.


hometowned

en-adj

hometowned (comparative more hometowned, superlative most hometowned)

more hometowned (comparative)
most hometowned (superlative)

(law, US) discriminated against by a local judge


curatorship

(law) legal and financial guardianship under which the ward is an adult


transfer agent

(law) An entity designated by a publicly-traded corporation to keep track of the ownership of the corporation's stocks and bonds

명의개서 대리인

entity that keeps track of stock and bond ownership


preemptive right

en-noun

preemptive right (plural preemptive rights)

(law) The right of shareholders to maintain a constant percentage of a company's shares by receiving a proportionate fraction of any new shares issued, thus preempting any dilution

Vorkaufsrecht

right of shareholders to preempt dilution


countersuit

Stanford, which filed a countersuit against the two men seeking repayment of certain loans, denied the men’s accusations.

2009 February 13, Julie Creswell, “U.S. Agents Scrutinize Texas Firm”, in New York Times:

(law) A lawsuit filed against a party that has filed a suit against one.


counterevidence

counterevidence (countable and uncountable, plural counterevidences)

Having been strongly pressed to do so, I gave counter-evidence, and I believe, in the opinion of the Commission, demolished the Doctor a second time.

1838, David King, “Two lectures, in reply to the speeches of Dr. Chalmers on church extension”, in Hume Tracts, Glasgow: David Robertson, page 21:

As the alternative norms and counterevidences are uncovered, it is the evaluator's task to determine inconsistency, contradiction, and subterfuge, and then to render his own verdict.

1975, Edward Kelly, “Curriculum Evaluation and Literary Criticism: Comments on the Analogy”, in Curriculum Theory Network, volume 5, number 2, page 102:

People persevere in asserting all sorts of things in the face of apparent counterevidence.

2007, Daniel A. Weiskopf, “Patrolling the Mind’s Boundaries”, in Erkenntnis, volume 68, number 2, page 273:

(philosophy, law, sciences) Evidence which tends to disprove a claim or hypothesis.


resentence

en-verb

resentence (third-person singular simple present resentences, present participle resentencing, simple past and past participle resentenced)

resentences (present singular third-person)
resentencing (participle present)
resentenced (participle past)
resentenced (past)

Also on Tuesday, the founder of Adelphia Communications, John J. Rigas, left, and his son Timothy, are expected to be resentenced in the accounting scandal that led to the company’s collapse.

2007 June 25, “Looking Ahead”, in New York Times:

(law, transitive) To issue a new sentence for certain crimes


unexercised

Shelby W. Bonnie, the former chief executive, agreed to reprice 700,000 unexercised shares, the company said yesterday in a statement.

2007 January 30, Bloomberg News, “CNet Restatement Goes Back to 1996”, in New York Times:

(finance, law) Not having been exercised


impermissibly

en-adv

impermissibly (comparative more impermissibly, superlative most impermissibly)

more impermissibly (comparative)
most impermissibly (superlative)

The laws have been resisted and challenged by Democrats who argue that they exaggerate the dangers and incidence of voter fraud while impermissibly sacrificing voter access.

2007 September 26, Linda Greenhouse, “Justices Agree to Hear Case About Voter ID Laws”, in New York Times:

(chiefly law) In a way or to an extent that is not permissible.


imprisonable

an imprisonable offence

(law, of an offence) Carrying a sentence of imprisonment.


nonparty

(law) Not a party (involved person or entity), or unrelated to a party.


nonparty

Juries may not, however, use punitive damages to punish a defendant directly for harms that the defendant visited on nonparties.

2007, Brian H. Bornstein, Richard L. Wiener, Robert Schopp, Civil Juries and Civil Justice: Psychological and Legal Perspectives:


unpatentable

(law) Not patentable; that cannot be patented.


GRAE

(law, US) Initialism of generally recognized as effective.


GRAS

(US, law) Acronym of generally recognized as safe: a designation by the FDA that a chemical or substance added to food is considered safe by experts.


ANDA

In general, there are two major types of prescription drug applications to obtain agency product approval, which are NDA and ANDA.

2021, Julia Huang, “What Is A CBE 30 Filing? What Is A PAS? What's The Difference Between ANDA And NDA?”, in Pharmaceutical Online:

(law) Initialism of Abbreviated New Drug Application.


sub nom.

From Latin sub nomine, literally "under the name".

(law) Used in case citations to designate a case that has a different name before one court than it did before a previous court.


subletter

(property law, real estate) Synonym of sublessor.


illegal number

(law) a number that represents information which is illegal to possess, utter or propagate. Any information that can be represented in binary format is, ipso facto, representable as a number, and therefore if the information itself is illegal in some way, the pure number itself may be called illegal.


antiobscenity

Some said that the antiobscenity laws were an infringement of free speech.


mainpernor

From Middle English meynpernour, from Anglo-Norman mainprenour, from mainprendre + -our. See modern French main, preneur.

(law, historical) In England in the Middle Ages, a surety (kind of guarantor), under the old writ of mainprise, for a prisoner's appearance in court at a day.


subpoena ad testificandum

en-noun

subpoena ad testificandum (plural subpoenas ad testificandum)

(law) A writ issued by court authority to compel the attendance of a witness at a judicial proceeding; disobedience may be punishable as a contempt of court.


regnal year

(law) A year in the reign of a monarch, beginning on the day of accession, the set of which are numbered ordinally. Formerly laws in the United Kingdom were identified in part by the regnal year of the monarch, and this practice is still followed in some Commonwealth countries.


debtor in possession

debtor in possession (plural debtors in possession)

(finance, law, US) A natural person or corporation that has filed a bankruptcy petition, but remains in possession of property upon which a creditor has a lien or similar security interest. Such a business may continue to operate its business under Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection.


present sense impression

present sense impression (plural present sense impressions)

(law) A statement made by a person (the declarant) that conveys his or her sense of the state of an event or the condition of something, made spontaneously while the person was perceiving (i.e. contemporaneous with) the event or condition, or immediately thereafter.


depone

en-verb

depone (third-person singular simple present depones, present participle deponing, simple past and past participle deponed)

depones (present singular third-person)
deponing (participle present)
deponed (participle past)
deponed (past)

From Latin depono (“lay down, deposit, entrust”).

uder

These two females did afterwards depone that Mr. Willet in his consternation uttered but one word

1841, Charles Dickens, chapter LIV, in Barnaby Rudge:

The said William Aitken, being of new solemnly sworn, &c., depones he is a Burgess of Hawick, and had the property of a house which he now liferents, the fee being disponed to his son-in-law, Bailie Robert Scot, for the use of his son William, his daughter, Bailie Scot's wife, having paid the price of the house; depones sixty years ago Gilbert Elliot was tenant in Nether Southfield, who broke Hawick Common by plowing a part of it, which the Deponent saw at the Common-Riding when the Magistrates and other persons at the Common-Riding potched the ground he had plowed, and was then sown that he might not reap the crop of this.

1898, R. S. Craig, Adam Laing, The Hawick Tradition of 1514: The Town's Common Flag and Seal, page 240:

(intransitive, law) To testify, especially in the form of a deposition.

(transitive, law) To take the deposition of; to depose.


capital crime

(law) Any crime that is punishable by death.


eruv

eruvs (plural)
eruvim (plural)
eruvin (plural)

From Hebrew עירוב / עֵרוּב (eirúv, “mixture”).

Sam is sad that people don't visit him at home on Shabbos because he lives outside the eruv.

“We live in a day and age,” he continued, “where if you don’t have an eruv, you’re taking yourself off of many people’s lists.”

2007 August 12, Jake Mooney, “A Slender Thread to Knit a Neighborhood”, in New York Times:

‘Fat’ is the word you hear shouted in the playground, or on the street – it's never allowed over the threshold of the house. My mum won't have that filth in her house. At home, together, we are safe. It's like an eruv for the slow and soft.

(Jewish law, most commonly) An eruv chatzerot; ritual aggregation of properties that allows Jews observing traditional Shabbat rules to carry burdens across property lines.

érouv

eruv chatzerot, ritual aggregation of domains

(Jewish law) One of the other types of eruv; an eruv tavshilin or eruv techumin.


arrest warrant

(law) An official document that authorizes law-enforcement officials to arrest a named person and to bring that individual before a court of law or other authority.


disappropriate

/dɪsəˈpɹəʊpɹɪeɪt/

The appropriation may be severed, and the church become disappropriate, two ways.

1765–1769, William Blackstone, Commentaries on the Laws of England, (please specify |book=I to IV), Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] Clarendon Press, →OCLC:

(law) Severed from the appropriation or possession of a spiritual corporation.


horning

en-noun

horning (countable and uncountable, plural hornings)

From Middle English hornynge; equivalent to horn + -ing.

(law, Scotland) The issuing of letters of horning.


pareve

/ˈpɑː.ɹə.və/

Borrowed from Yiddish פּאַרעוו, פּאַרעווע (parev, pareve), of uncertain origin. Suggestions include:
* Perhaps from Middle High German bar (“bare, naked”), from Proto-Germanic *bazaz (“bare, naked”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰosós, from *bʰos- (“bare, barefoot”), and thus cognate with English bare.
* Perhaps from a West Slavic source such as Czech párový (“occurring in pairs”), because according to Jewish dietary laws, meat and milk cannot be combined, but as pareve food contains neither, it can be paired with either meat dishes or milk dishes.

bor

פּאַרעוו, פּאַרעווע

My mom made a pareve casserole with soy hot dogs.

"Parev ice" includes Kosher ice and means the substance intended for sale for human consumption which resembles ice-cream and which— / (a) is usually known as Parev ice or Kosher ice, and / (b) contains no milk or milk derivatives, […]

1970, Statutory Instruments, London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office, →OCLC, page 4249:

There are on the market many items which resemble such dairy products as coffee cream, sour cream and whipped cream both in taste and appearance but actually are pareve. These are customarily served in the original container to show that the product is pareve despite the dairy appearance.

1990, Bonne Rae London, “Introduction to Kashruth: Why Keep Kosher?”, in Hi-tech Jewish Cooking: Recipes for the Microwave, Processor, Blender and Crock Pot, New York, N.Y.: Shapolsky Publishers, →ISBN, page 4:

A food product containing neither meat nor milk, or derived from either is neutral. The Yiddish word parev (parve) or the Hebrew word stam is used to describe this third category. The neutral (parev) category includes (1) everything which grows from the soil: vegetables, fruits, nuts, coffee, spices, sugar, salt, (2) all kosher fish, (3) eggs, and (4) items manufactured from chemicals. Parev foods may be eaten or cooked with either dairy or meat products.

1991, Hayim Halevy Donin, “The Dietary Laws: A Diet for the Soul”, in To Be a Jew: A Guide to Jewish Observance in Contemporary Life: Selected and Compiled from the Shulhan Arukh and Responsa Literature, and Providing a Rationale for the Laws and the Traditions, New York, N.Y.: Basic Books, →ISBN, page 113:

After eating parve food cooked in a meat pot or cut with a meat knife, does one need to wait six hours to eat dairy? Parve food that was cooked in a meat pot [but without any meat in the pot, such as fish cooked in a meat pot] does not require a wait of six hours before dairy may be eaten. […] [Note that our discussion here applies only to dairy food eaten after parve food, not together with it.]

2002 July, Doniel Yehuda Neustadt, דיוני הלכה [Diyune Halakhah]: The Weekly Halachah Discussion: A Review of Practical Halachic Topics Related to the Parashah of the Week, 2nd rev. edition, Jerusalem, Nanuet, N.Y.: Feldheim Publishers, →ISBN, page 205:

From the marketing perspective, most manufacturers would prefer that products not inherently dairy (such as cheese snacks) enjoy a Pareve status. In many situations, however, considerations other than the status of ingredients may make it necessary to confer a Dairy (or Dairy Equipment) status to otherwise potentially Pareve products. Examples of such situations may include: / The equipment used to cook or heat the inherently Pareve items is also used to process dairy products. In such situations, the equipment may require a Kosherization from dairy to Pareve productions, a process which may prove impractical.

2009, Zushe Yosef Blech, Kosher Food Production, 2nd edition, Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley-Blackwell, →ISBN, page 201:

In true kosher cooking, meat and dairy should never be combined. Pareve margarine is made up of 100 percent vegetable oil. Dairy margarine has milk as one of the ingredients plus perhaps added vegetable oil. This is why when cooking a meat or dairy meal, if the recipe requires butter or margarine, I substitute it with pareve margarine.

2011, Avrom Honig, “Bubbe” [pseudonym], “Quick Notes on Keeping Kosher”, in Feed Me Bubbe: Recipes and Wisdom from America's Favorite Online Grandmother, Philadelphia, Pa.: Running Press, →ISBN:

(Jewish law) Of food: that has no meat or milk in any form as an ingredient.


recess appointment

en-noun

recess appointment (plural recess appointments)

(US, law) The appointment by the President of the United States of a person to an office that normally requires approval of the United States Senate, but who is appointed without such approval because the Senate is in recess.


E.D. Cal.

w:United States District Court for the Eastern District of California

(law) Abbreviation of United States District Court for the Eastern District of California, as used in case citations.


N.D. Cal.

w:United States District Court for the Northern District of California

(law) Abbreviation of United States District Court for the Northern District of California, as used in case citations.


Cal.

(law) Abbreviation of California, as used in case citations.


S.D. Cal.

w:United States District Court for the Southern District of California

(law) Abbreviation of United States District Court for the Southern District of California, as used in case citations.


C.D. Cal.

w:United States District Court for the Central District of California

(law) Abbreviation of United States District Court for the Central District of California, as used in case citations.


nonprosecution

It has been the Justice Department’s preference in the Bush administration to resolve criminal investigations of large corporations with so-called nonprosecution or deferred prosecution agreements.

2008 March 11, Philip Shenon, “New Guidelines Ahead of Ashcroft Testimony”, in New York Times:

(law) Of or pertaining to a decision not to prosecute


senior status

(US, law) In the United States federal court system, a form of semi-retirement in which a judge continues to engage in judicial activities including the disposition of cases on a limited basis.


unsworn

In her court documents, Prince said […] that his diagnosis was derived from comments made by 10 skaters in unsworn affidavits.

2007 December 27, Richard Sandomir, “Garden Settles a Lawsuit Filed by a Former Rangers Cheerleader”, in New York Times:


ordalian

From Middle English ordal (“ordeal”) + -ian (compare Medieval Latin ordalium), equivalent to ordeal + -ian.

(law, obsolete) Of or relating to trial by ordeal.


ICMP

For 10 years, the International Commission on Missing Persons (ICMP) has been assembling data on the 40,000 civilians who disappeared in the wars that followed the break-up of the former Yugoslavia.

2006, Sally Lehrman, “Missing No Longer”, in Scientific American, 295 (3): 18:

(law) Initialism of International Commission on Missing Persons.


Greenacre

(law) A fictitious or hypothetical estate in land, commonly used to discuss the rights of various parties to a piece of real property.


Whiteacre

(law) A placeholder name of a fictitious or hypothetical estate in land commonly used to discuss the rights of various parties to a piece of real property.


alveus

Borrowed from Latin alveus (“a hollow, cavity; the channel or bed of a river”).

bor

(construction, law) The bed or channel of a river, specifically that followed by the river flowing in its natural or ordinary course.


Ga.

(law) Abbreviation of Georgia, as used in case citations.


N.D. Ga.

w:United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia

(law) Abbreviation of United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia, as used in case citations.


S.D. Ill.

w:United States District Court for the Southern District of Illinois

(law) Abbreviation of United States District Court for the Southern District of Illinois, as used in case citations.


N.D. Ill.

w:United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois

(law) Abbreviation of United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois, as used in case citations.


C.D. Ill.

w:United States District Court for the Central District of Illinois

(law) Abbreviation of United States District Court for the Central District of Illinois, as used in case citations.


M.D. Ga.

w:United States District Court for the Middle District of Georgia

(law) Abbreviation of United States District Court for the Middle District of Georgia, as used in case citations.


blocking patent

en-noun

blocking patent (plural blocking patents)

(law) A patent relating to a particular area of technology which prevents another patent from being used because the other patent relies on technology covered by the first.

障礙專利

patent which prevents another patent from being used


patent pool

A patent pool is an arrangement in which patents of different firms that are relevant to a certain standard or technology are licensed as a package, and the resulting royalties are distributed among those firms (called the licensors).

2001, Rudi Bekkers, Mobile Telecommunications Standards: GSM, UMTS, TETRA, and ERMES, Artech House, →ISBN, page 250:

A patent pool can be an effective way of resolving conflicting rights.

2002, Mark A. Glick, Lara A. Reymann, Richard Hoffman, Intellectual Property Damages, John Wiley & Sons, →ISBN, page 213:

(law) A consortium of companies which agree to crosslicense patents relating to a particular technology, often to avoid the problem of blocking patents.


S.D. Ga.

w:United States District Court for the Southern District of Georgia

(law) Abbreviation of United States District Court for the Southern District of Georgia, as used in case citations.


habendum

From Latin, neuter singular gerundive of habeo (“have", "own", "possess”): "that which must or should be possessed".

(law, dated) The part of a deed that formally defines the extent of ownership or tenancy granted.


detainer

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman detener, from Old French detenir. By surface analysis, detain + -er (action noun suffix). First attested in the 17th century.

surf

On Monday, the federal Immigration and Customs Enforcement agency placed a similar detainer on Melvin Jovel, 18, who on Sunday was the sixth person to be arrested in the case.

2007 August 21, Kareem Fahim, “Presidential Candidate Blames Killings on Newark Sanctuary Policy”, in New York Times:

Scott Weber, the field office director for the enforcement office in Newark, said that in roughly a third of the cases, his agency would file a detainer or immigration charges; another third involved individuals who could be deported after their court cases; and the rest might be United States citizens or legal residents.

2008 March 23, Kareem Fahim, “Immigration Referrals by Police Draw Scrutiny”, in New York Times:

Officer Torres’s lawyer, Paul S. Missan, said on Saturday that he had been told by a prison official in Pennsylvania that a detainer was lodged against his client, meaning he was likely to face federal charges.

2008 April 13, Christine Hauser, “U.S. Officials Are Expected to Charge Police Officer”, in New York Times:

(law) The right to keep a person, or a person's goods or property, against his will. A type of custody.


reasonable doubt

en-noun

reasonable doubt (countable and uncountable, plural reasonable doubts)

“[Michael Cohen]’s the human embodiment of reasonable doubt,” said [Todd] Blanche when capping off his list of 10 reasons why the jury should not convict his client.

2024, Story Hinckley, The Trump trial heads to the jury – and a historic decision, in: The Christian Science Monitor, 2024-05-29

(law) A degree of uncertainty to which a reason can be assigned; in those jurisdictions influenced by English common law, the minimum degree of uncertainty required to acquit a defendant.


codefendant

(law) Any of several defendants answering the same charge.


USCA

United States Code Annotated
w:United States Code Annotated

(law) Initialism of United States Code Annotated, a commonly used annotated version of the United States Code.


United States Code

(law) A compilation of the statutes of the United States federal government, with sections arranged by topic rather than by date of enactment, and with superseded and expired sections removed.


registerable

(law) That can be registered (as of a trademark).


disclosable

en-adj

disclosable (comparative more disclosable, superlative most disclosable)

more disclosable (comparative)
most disclosable (superlative)


case report

(law) An account of a legal action which has been tried and decided, usually including the judgment(s) verbatim, together with a headnote explaining the legal issues determined, intended for the information of legal professionals.


D.W.I.

The only time he got into trouble with the law was when he was cited for D.W.I. in college.

(law) Initialism of driving while intoxicated.


TPO

en-noun

TPO (countable and uncountable, plural TPOs)

(medicine, law) Acronym of treatment, payment, and (healthcare) operations.


superficies

Borrowing from Latin superficiēs (“top, surface”), from super- (“above, over”) + faciēs (“form, configuration, shape”). Doublet of surface.

af

(law) A building intimately associated with the land on which it is built.


tippee

If tippees trade on the information, knowing it was given improperly, they, too, can be found guilty of insider trading, says attorney Jared Kopel

2002 October 17, “Tips on insider trading How an investor can avoid the problems”, in San Francisco Chronicle:

(US, law, finance) A recipient of inside information.


inside information

Must a corporation issue a news release if it becomes aware that material inside information has leaked out? "It should make an immediate announcement,"

1968 September 12, “SEC Calls 'Insider' Cases Beneficial to Public”, in New York Times:

Recently, the hedge-fund industry has been shaken by allegations that it exploits inside information.

2011 July 18, John Cassidy, “Mastering the Machine”, in The New Yorker, →ISSN:

(US, law, finance) Information obtained by or from a person in a position of trust (a director, an employee, a consultant) that affects the price of publicly traded securities.

內幕信息

information obtained by or from a person in a trusted position


COP

en-noun

COP (countable and uncountable, plural COPs)

COP stands for conference of the parties under the UNFCCC, and the annual meetings have swung between fractious and soporific, interspersed with moments of high drama and the occasional triumph (the Paris agreement in 2015) and disaster (Copenhagen in 2009).

2019 December 2, Fiona Harvey, “Climate crisis: what is COP and can it save the world?”, in The Guardian:

conference of the parties
conference of the parties#English

(law, politics) Initialism of conference of the parties; also CoP or Cop.


extenuating circumstance

extenuating circumstance (plural extenuating circumstances)

(law, or general usage, chiefly in the plural) Any fact that mitigates or lessens a crime.


pseudonymization

pseudonymization (usually uncountable, plural pseudonymizations)

(computing, law) The replacement of all data (in a database etc) that identifies a person with an artificial identifier or pseudonym.

pseudonymisation

replacement of all data that identifies a person with an artificial identifier or pseudonym


sub judice

The logic of phrases such as "knows that" is still very much sub judice in logic.

2000, Graham Priest, Logic: A Very Short Introduction:

(law, of a case or matter before a court) Under consideration; being presently considered, litigated, or adjudicated.


grease payment

Critics say there is no distinction between extortion and bribery, and that the distinction between a payoff (illegal) and a "grease" payment made to speed along normal duties (legal under the act) is unclear.

1981 July 28, Peter Grier, “US curb on overseas bribes: too prim, or simply proper?”, in Christian Science Monitor, retrieved 2009-04-09:

An important legal distinction is the difference between bribery and “grease payments,” which are paid in these countries not to affect someone’s decision-making but to speed the process of dealing with government.

2007 October 30, Mike Rast, “Webinar Prepares Local Companies for Cultural Gaps with India, China”, in globalatlanta.com, retrieved 2009-04-09:

(chiefly US, idiomatic, business, law, ethics) A bribe or extorted money, usually relatively small in amount, provided to a low-level government official or business person, in order to expedite a business decision, shipment, or other transaction, especially in a country where such payments are not unusual.


patent troll

From patent + troll (“in folklore, a grotesque humanoid creature living in caves or hills, or under bridges”), a reference to trolls in folktales who block the path of travellers or threaten to harm them unless some payment is made.

On one hand, the new law may intend to enhance the application of new technologies and discourage patent trolls. On the other hand, the new law attempts to further bring the Patent Law in line with the international treaties and laws in other areas (e.g., antimonopoly law).

1990, William P. Streng, Allen D. Wilcox, editors, Doing Business in China: (People’s Republic of China), volume 2, New York, N.Y.: Matthew Bender, →ISBN, page 278:

So favorable was the Federal Circuit's treatment of patents, in fact, that reinventing, nonmanufacturing speculators who would acquire one or more patents with a view toward using their leverage to reap large damages awards, leading to the sobriquet, patent "trolls," began to emerge as plaintiffs who would often put entire industries in patent peril. Thus was born (or became more common) the "patentee" who neither invented nor practiced the subject matter of its invention, but rather, sought to profit by licensing its patent under the threat of litigation, injunctive relief and substantial damages in the propatent climate that the Federal Circuit's views had created.

1992, Roger M. Milgrim, Milgrim on Trade Secrets, volume 2, Newark, N.J.: LexisNexis, →ISBN:

Most companies are reluctant to get the best return on their most valuable assets. [...] Being publicly branded a patent "troll" adds to the turmoil. Patent trolls are controversial not because of the destruction attributed to them, but because they strike at the heart of the complex relationship between innovation and commerce. The term has become synonymous with the unfair assertion of IP rights and extortion of damage payments.

2006, Bruce [M.] Berman, “Roadblocks or Building Blocks?”, in Bruce Berman, editor, Making Innovation Pay: People Who Turn IP into Shareholder Value, Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley & Sons, →ISBN, page 3:

Recently, firms that specialize in acquiring patents purely for litigation—often derided as ‘patent trolls’ by the targets of their lawsuits—have emerged as significant players in some technology markets.

2006, Timothy S. Simcoe, “Open Standards and Intellectual Property Rights”, in Henry Chesbrough, Wim Vanhaverbeke, Joel West, editors, Open Innovation: Researching a New Paradigm, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, part II (Institutions Governing Open Innovation), page 175:

During the early 21st century, a number of patent and licensing enforcement companies (PLECs), more commonly referred to as "patent trolls," emerged. Their only business is to acquire patents and then sue infringers.

2008, Lindsay Moore, Lesley Craig, “The Law in Flux”, in Intellectual Capital in Enterprise Success: Strategy Revisited, Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley & Sons, →ISBN, part II (The Changing Rules), page 54:

The solitary, lumbering trolls of Scandinavian mythology would sometimes be turned to stone by exposure to sunlight. Barack Obama is hoping that several measures announced on June 4th will have a similarly paralysing effect on their modern incarnation, the patent troll.

2013 June 8, “Obama goes troll-hunting”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8839, London: Economist Group, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2019-03-26, page 55:

Because software patents can cover vast areas of territory, they are the weapon of choice for "patent trolls": people or companies that hold patents but make no products, and bring patent-infringement lawsuits against companies that do make products, offering to settle for less than the cost of fighting the suit.

2014 March 28, Robin Feldman, “Slowing the patent trolls”, in The New York Times, New York, N.Y.: The New York Times Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2014-03-29:

(patent law, informal, derogatory) A company, person, etc., that owns and enforces patents in an aggressive and opportunistic manner, often with no intention of producing, marketing, or promoting the subjects of the patents.


time served

The defendant was not innocent, but he was let go with time served.

(law) Time spent in remand awaiting trial, when credited after a guilty verdict usually by subtracting from the sentence.


commutative justice

commutative justice (usually uncountable, plural commutative justices)

(law) The state resulting from fair and free exchange.


several

en-adj

several (comparative more several, superlative most several)

more several (comparative)
most several (superlative)

From Anglo-Norman several, from Medieval Latin sēparālis, from Latin sēpar (“separate”). By surface analysis, sever + -al.

(law) Separable, capable of being treated separately.


advance fee scam

en-noun

advance fee scam (plural advance fee scams)

(criminology) A consumer fraud that involves obtaining a relatively small amount of money from the victim in advance of some large deferred benefit, such as a job, a high rate of return, or a share of embezzled money.


marital rape

marital rape (countable and uncountable, plural marital rapes)


releasee

(law) The party that is given a release.


subrogee

(law) The party acting on behalf of the subrogor in a subrogation.


subrogor

(law) The party on whose behalf another party (the subrogee) acts in a subrogation.


retrocession

retrocession (countable and uncountable, plural retrocessions)

Compare French rétrocession. See retrocede.

(law) The return of land, rights, etc. previously ceded.


suretyship

/ˈʃʊəɹɪtiːʃɪp/

/ˈʃɔːɹətiːʃɪp/

as a man desperately swimming drowns him that comes to help him, by suretyship and borrowing they will willingly undo all their associates and allies […].

, vol.1, New York Review of Books, 2001, p.290

(law) An accessory agreement through which one binds oneself for another already bound, either in whole or in part, as for one's debt, default or miscarriage; the assumption of liability for the obligations of another.


escheator

Inherited from Middle English eschetour, itself borrowed from Anglo-Norman eschetour; equivalent to escheat + -or.

(England and Wales law) A royal officer in medieval and early modern England, responsible for taking escheats from deceased subjects.


unserved

(law) yet to be served (prison sentence)


emphyteutic

2002, https://web.archive.org/web/20130514055900/http://www.cra-arc.gc.ca/E/pub/gl/p-174/p-174-e.html
An emphyteutic lease agreement dated November 30, 1992, is for a term of 99 years.

(law) Of, pertaining to, or subject to emphyteusis


partial-birth abortion

partial-birth abortion (plural partial-birth abortions)

Intact dilation and extraction
intact dilation and extraction

(US, law, colloquial) Intact dilation and extraction.


emphyteusis

From Latin emphyteusis, from Ancient Greek ἐμφύτευσις (emphúteusis, “tenure of a type of leasehold”).

der

The term “emphyteusis” first appeared late in the twelfth century. It remained a rather artificial term, appearing in official documents but rare in leases themselves until the later thirteenth century. It clearly meant a long-term lease but lawyers expended a certain amount of energy trying to relate emphyteusis to other categories of usufruct (ius in re aliena). Opinion divided, broadly speaking, between those who regarded emphyteusis as resembling normal establishments of peasants by lease, and those who saw an emphyteutic tenure as a sort of fief.

1991, Paul Freedman, The Origins of Peasant Servitude in Medieval Catalonia, Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 147:

(law) A right to enjoyment of property with a given stipulation that the property will be improved or maintained in an agreed upon manner; long leasehold

emfiteusi

qualified right to enjoyment of property


presentative

en-adj

presentative (comparative more presentative, superlative most presentative)

more presentative (comparative)
most presentative (superlative)

The adjective is derived from Late Latin praesentativus (“that presents for consideration”) + English -ive (suffix signifying belonging or relating to, of the nature of, serving to, or tending to, forming adjectives). Praesentativus is from Latin praesentātus (“presented, exhibited, or shown”) + -īvus (suffix forming adjectives); while praesentātus is the perfect passive participle of praesentō (“to present, exhibit, or show”), from praesēns (“at hand, present; existing; immediate; prompt; propitious; (grammar) present”) (the present active participle of praesum (“to be before something; to be in charge of; to command, lead; to preside or rule over”), from prae- (prefix meaning ‘before, in front; in charge’) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *preh₂- (“before; in front”)) + sum (“to be, exist, have”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁es- (“to be”))) + -tō (frequentative suffix). The English word is analysable as present + -ative.
The noun sense (“construct that serves to present something, or draw it to the attention of the interlocutor”) is derived from adjective sense 3 (“serving to present something, or draw it to the attention of the interlocutor”).

der

Mrs. Ellen Gulſton, Relict of Theodore Gulſton, Doctor of Phyſick, a very Learned Man, being poſſeſſed of the Impropriate Parſonage of Bardvvell in Suffolk, did firſt procure from the King leave to annex the ſame to the Vicarage, and to make it Preſentative; and having formerly the Donation of the Vicarage, ſhe gave them both thus annexed freely to St. John’s College in Oxon: Expreſſing many Godly Reaſons in a pious Letter of her Grant, to advance the Glory of God to her Povver, &c.

1704, Henry Spelman, “An Account of the Worth of This Treatise, Taken Out of the Epistle to Sir Henry Spelman’s History of Tythes”, in De Non Temerandis Ecclesiis, Churches Not to Be Violated. A Tract of the Rights and Respects Due unto Churches. […], 6th edition, London: […] Awnsham and John Churchill, […]; republished in Two Tracts […], London: […] Awnsham and John Churchill, […], 1704, →OCLC:

Advowsons are also either preſentative, collative, or donative. An advowſon preſentative is where the patron hath a right of preſentation to the biſhop or ordinary, and moreover to demand of him to inſtitute his clerk, if he finds him canonically qualified: and this is the moſt uſual advowſon.

1766, William Blackstone, “Of Incorporeal Hereditaments”, in Commentaries on the Laws of England, book II (Of the Rights of Things), Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 22:

(ecclesiastical law) Of a benefice, or the advowsons, tithes, etc., associated with a benefice: that a patron has the right to present.


extra-statutory

(law) Over and above that covered by statute


Germanist

en-adjective

Germanist (comparative more Germanist, superlative most Germanist)

more Germanist (comparative)
most Germanist (superlative)

Borrowed from German Germanist, along the model of earlier English Romanist (“scholar of Romance languages”). By surface analysis, German + -ist, doublet of Germanicist.

m+

The Germanist view also led to the description of post-Roman lawcodes as Germanic law, and, in archeology, to the new types of rural settlement which replaced the old Roman villas being called 'Germanic', and to the new burial forms, like furnished inhumation (with grave-goods), similarly being ascribed to Germanic influence.

2005 [1995], “The Barbarian invasions”, in The New Cambridge Medieval History (The New Cambridge Medieval History), volume 1, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →DOI, →ISBN, page 36:

(historiography, law) Pertaining to the school of thought which downplays or denies the continuity of legal and cultural institutions between Rome and later medieval Europe, highlighting the role of external influences and innovation in the decline of the Roman Empire.


nonfrivolous

In a Dec. 29 meeting with the parties in the case, Chancellor Chandler said that while he was certain Caremark would argue forcefully that its directors exercised their duties of care and loyalty to the company’s owners, he also concluded that “there is a tenable argument on the other side, and nonfrivolous claims here on the other side, that at least need to be tested against a fuller record.”

2007 January 11, Gretchen Morgenson, “A Public Pension Fund Sues Directors of Caremark Rx”, in New York Times:


seise

en-verb

seise (third-person singular simple present seises, present participle seising, simple past and past participle seised)

seises (present singular third-person)
seising (participle present)
seised (participle past)
seised (past)

From Middle English seisen, from Old French seisir (“to put in possession of", "to take possession of”), from Early Medieval Latin sacīre, from Frankish *sakjan (“to sue, bring a legal charge against”), from Proto-Germanic *sakōną (“to charge, seek legal action against”), from Proto-Indo-European *seh₂g- (“to track”). Cognate with Old High German sahhan (“to argue, scold”), Old English sacian (“to strive, contend”). More at sake.

cog

There a baron was created and seised by the king in a single act. His tenure was a function of his personal relationship with his lord king.

1997, Nigel Saul, The Oxford illustrated history of medieval England, page 74:

(transitive, law) To vest ownership of an estate in land (to someone).

He then died intestate; and I observed that his heir-at-law was not actually seised of Whiteacre, the possession of which became vacant on his ancestor's death

1878, Joshua Williams, The Seisin of the Freehold, page 55:

Where the appeal committee is seised, it shall meet at the earliest 14 days, except in duly justified cases, and at the latest 6 weeks, after the date of referral.

2011, Article 3 section 7, Regulation (EU) No 182/2011 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 February 2011, Official Journal of the European Union L 55/15

(transitive, law, with of) To put in possession.


counterappeal

Republican senators said that slow roll calls were not allowed, leading to a flurry of appeals and counterappeals that left the house in a standoff lasting into the evening, just as some Republican lawmakers were eager to get away to fund-raisers that they were holding.

2007 January 17, Michael Cooper, “Budget Reform Pact Augurs a More Transparent Albany”, in New York Times:

(law) An appeal lodged in response to an earlier appeal.


derain

en-verb

derain (third-person singular simple present derains, present participle deraining, simple past and past participle derained)

derains (present singular third-person)
deraining (participle present)
derained (participle past)
derained (past)

(law, transitive) Obsolete spelling of deraign.


deraign

deraign (third-person singular simple present deraigns, present participle deraigning, simple past and past participle deraigned)

deraigns (present singular third-person)
deraigning (participle present)
deraigned (participle past)
deraigned (past)

From Middle English dereinen, from Old French deraisnier (“to explain, defend, to maintain in legal action by proof and reasonings”), from Late Latin derationare (“to discourse, contend in law”).

der

(law, obsolete, transitive) To prove or to refute by proof, especially on threat of combat.


counterplea

(law) A plea made in opposition to another.


legal positivism

en-noun

legal positivism (countable and uncountable, plural legal positivisms)

(law) A school of thought in jurisprudence in which the law is seen as separated from moral values, i.e. the law is posited by lawmakers (humans).

法律實證主義

legal school of thought in jurisprudence


precharge

(law) The period of time before the person is charged with a crime.


lex dubia non obligat

A Latin sentence; from lēx (“law”) + dubia (“doubtful”) + nōn (“not”) + obligat (“is binding”).


bar review

/ˈbɑɹ ɹɪˌvju/

/ˈbɑː ɹɪˌvjuː/

(US, law) A course of study designed to prepare someone to take a bar examination.


measurage

measurage (usually uncountable, plural measurages)

(law, economics) A toll or duty based on the volume of a material; or, the right to collect such a toll or duty.


adjunction

adjunction (countable and uncountable, plural adjunctions)

From Latin adjunctio, from adjungere: compare French adjonction, and see adjunct.

(law) The joining of personal property owned by one to that owned by another.


delictual

en-adj

delictual (comparative more delictual, superlative most delictual)

more delictual (comparative)
most delictual (superlative)

(law) Derived from a delict (analogous to a tort).


cessor

If there be lord and tenant, and the tenant take a wife, and afterwards cesseth, upon which the lord bringeth a cessavit, and recovers, and enters into the tenancy, and the tenant dies: it seems clear, that the wife shall have dower; for no laches or default can be deemed in the wife as to the cessor. But some say, the wife shall not have dower in this case, because the cessor does not lie in any act done by the husband; but it is his not doing...

1827, John Perkins, A Profitable Book, Treating of the Laws of England:

(law) In English law, one who is dilatory, negligent, and delinquent in his duty or service, and who thereby incurred the danger of the law, and was liable to have the writ of cessavit brought against him.


obstruction of justice

en-noun

obstruction of justice (countable and uncountable, plural obstructions of justice)

(law) Interference with the administration of law and justice, as by ignorance of a justification, fraud of evidential validity, or not disclosing discovery of facts, or by doing damage to a witness, officer, juror.


unfair competition

(law) In commercial law and specifically competition law, any of various distinct violations or criminal offenses that may give rise to civil causes of action (being taken to court), usually including antitrust violations such as restraint of trade and predatory pricing, trademark infringement, passing off or palming off, and misappropriation of trade secrets.


restraint of trade

restraint of trade (countable and uncountable, plural restraints of trade)

(law) An agreement that prevents fair competition on the open market, such as an agreement by one party to hire a second party to work within a profession on the condition that the second party will not compete against the first.


palming off

It is sufficient that the complainant is entitled to the custom—the good-will—of a business and that this good-will is injured or is about to be injured, by the palming off of the goods of another as his.

1917, Harry Dwight Nims, The Law of Unfair Competition and Trade-Marks, page 27:

(law) The act of misrepresenting a counterfeit product as the genuine article.


foreseeability

foreseeability (usually uncountable, plural foreseeabilities)

Probably the most powerful and most uniform social policy crystallized in the various rules and doctrines of tort law is to be found in the concept of foreseeability or expectability of certain harms from certain types of conduct.

1932 May 1, Fowler Vincent Harper, “Foreseeability Factor in the Law of Torts”, in Notre Dame Law Review, volume 7, number 4, Notre Dame, I.N.: Notre Dame Law School, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 468:

"If you foresee the event and you go forward, then you are criminally negligent," she said, adding, "This was a boat that navigated on the waters of Lake George since 1979. In terms of criminal negligence, there clearly wasn't the foreseeability that there may be in civil negligence."

2007 February 6, Danny Hakim, quoting Kathleen B. Hogan, “Two Misdemeanor Charges in Lake George Capsizing”, in The New York Times, New York, N.Y.: The New York Times Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-11-26:

The foreseeability of that outcome is precisely why the Chinese government has preemptively been pooh-poohing the court and its legitimacy over the past few weeks, and lining up a ragtag set of allies to support its cause. This group includes none of the countries most affected by China's expanded maritime activities, and it features those reliant on Chinese aid or trade.

2016 July 12, James Fallows, “David vs. Goliath in the South China Sea: David Wins, at Least This Round”, in The Atlantic, Washington, D.C.: The Atlantic Monthly Group, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-08-10:

While examining a boy's eyes the optometrist failed to spot symptoms of a brain condition. The court overturned the conviction for gross negligence manslaughter on the grounds that it undermined the legal test of "foreseeability", which requires proof of a "serious and obvious risk of death" at the time of the error.

2017 August 11, Richard Vize, “Will the healthcare data revolution spell the end for doctors' autonomy?”, in Katharine Viner, editor, The Guardian, London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-08-18:

(especially law) The quality of being foreseeable; predictability.


passing off

(law) The act of misrepresenting the origin of a product.


canonist

(law) An expert in canon law; canon lawyer


laughing heir

(law) In the law of inheritance, an heir who is legally entitled to inherit the property of a person who has died, even though that heir is only distantly related to the deceased, and therefore has no reason to feel bereaved over the death.


laughing heir statute

laughing heir statute (plural laughing heir statutes)

(law) A statute that prohibits inheritance from passing to an heir who is too distantly removed from the deceased.


prudent man rule

prudent man rule (plural prudent man rules)

Prudent man rules also require that greater financial and legal responsibility be attached to any imprudent action by corporate officers.

2005, World Bank with International Monetary Fund, Financial sector assessment: a handbook, page 455:

(law, investment) A standard for the duty of a fiduciary with responsibility over investments.


standard of identity

standard of identity (plural standards of identity)

(US, Canada, law) A government regulation establishing the criteria which must be met before a product may be labeled as being a certain food.

Canadian Food Inspection Agency
Food and Drug Administration
standard of identity