libellary

libellary (comparative more libellary, superlative most libellary)

more libellary (comparative)
most libellary (superlative)

From Latin libellus (“petition”) + Latin adjective suffixes -aris and -arius.

Towards the end of the formulary period, during the libellary period and especially at the time of the Justinian compilation the word condictio conveyed a purely juridical notion and was equivalent to reptitio, repetere.

1942, South African Law Journal - Volume 59, page 16:

Chancery pleading and practice, like the Roman adjective law, in its third or libellary stage, were essentially unitary in character.

1954, The Catholic University of America Law Review - Volumes 4-5, page 90:

In 1930 Steinwenter, in a study devoted to the nature of commencement of trial (litis contestatio) in the so-called libellary procedure of the later Empire, made the first reference to P. Thead. 16 and P. Lips. 41 from a procedural point of view.

1974, David Daube, Alan Watson, Daube noster: essays in legal history for David Daube, page 194:

But we do find a general similarity between the English equity system and the Roman libellary procedure in the absence of a separate body for the trial of facts and hence the absence of emphasis upon the formation of an issue.

2008, John T. Cross, Leslie W. Abramson, Ellen E. Deason, Civil procedure: cases, problems and exercises, page 269:

(law) Pertaining to the Roman form of law in which the plaintiff files a formal petition.


TRIM

(law) Acronym of trade-related investment measure.


RBP

(business, law) Initialism of restrictive business practice.


ratione temporis

(law) By reason of time (for example, referring to the temporal scope of a law or of a court's jurisdiction).


neighbouring right

en-noun

neighbouring right (plural neighbouring rights)

(copyright law) Synonym of related right


related right

(copyright law, usually in the plural) A right of a creative work not connected with the work's actual author.


transmiss

From Latin trānsmissus, past participle of Latin trānsmittere.

... was presented to the House and read the first Time, and ordered to be read a second Time to-morrow Morning. Ordered, that a Committee be appointed to compare the Transmisses of the said Bills, with the Heads of the said Bills sent ...

1782, Ireland. Parliament. House of Commons, Journals of the House of Commons of the Kingdom of Ireland, page 261:

Prerogative, when any party shall require a transmiss to be made out for the Court of Appeal, ...

1832, Great Britain Parliament House of Commons, “COURTS OF JUSTICE, IRELAND. SUGGESTIONS AND REGULATIONS”, in Accounts and Papers of the House of Commons, volume 35, page 32:

Transmisses were the Bills sent by the King in Council to the Council Board in Ireland, as having the King's sanction to be debated and passed by the Parliament in Ireland.

1920, Robert Henry Murray, Ireland, 1494-1603, page 3:

They are in court-hand, like transmisses; but they have no writs & the membranes are connected, not at bottom, like transmisses, but at the side. We refer to them by the letter D.

1941, Irish Manuscripts Commission, Analecta Hibernica, page 162:

This document, known as a transmiss, was sent to the Irish council, and further transmisses, containing additional legislation, might be sent during the lifetime of the parliament. The transmisses were usually enrolled on the patent rolls of the ...

2002, Henry Fitz-Patrick Berry, James Morrissey, Statute Rolls of the Parliament of Ireland ...: Richard III - Henry VIII, Ireland:

(law, formal) A (version of a) bill or other document sent or transmitted to a council, court, or other body; a transmission.


transmiss

en-verb

transmiss (third-person singular simple present transmisses, present participle transmissing, simple past and past participle transmissed)

transmisses (present singular third-person)
transmissing (participle present)
transmissed (participle past)
transmissed (past)

Treaties transmissed by the President to the Senate for ratification […]

1890, United States. Congress House, ...Constitution of the United States: Jefferson's Manual, the Rules of the House of Representatives...and a Digest and Manual of the Rules and Practice of the House of Representatives.., page 188:

A data processor 10 makes data communication with other data processor via a loop line with a transmissing receiving circuit 39.

1984, Patents Abstracts of Japan: Unexamined Applications:

THE MODEL OF THE MEMBRANE SENSOR AS A DELAY LINE There is a possibility of modelling of the transmissing loss line in the SPICE programme.

1998, Optoelectronic and Electronic Sensors, Society of Photo Optical

Urgency clause read and adopted, bill passed, and ordered transmissed to the Assembly.

1999, California. Legislature. Senate, Journal of the Senate, Legislature of the State of California, page 4976:

[…] a good microbiological safety record, there remains the theoretical risk of transmissing infectious agents […]

2014, P. L. Roberts, “Virus elimination during the purification of monoclonal antibodies by column chromatography and additional steps”, in Biotechnology progress:

(chiefly law, computing, medicine, formal) To transmit.


reverse palming off

(law) The act of reselling a genuine product under one's own trade name rather than that of the true manufacturer.


general warrant

en-noun

general warrant (plural general warrants)

Wilkes himself was placed in the Tower, but in two appearances in Westminster Hall at the beginning of May he denounced general warrants as illegal […].

2016, Peter Ackroyd, Revolution, Pan Macmillan, published 2017, page 200:

(law, now historical) A warrant issued without naming any specific person, which can be issued to anyone suspected of an offence.


EEE

(technology, law) Initialism of electrical and electronic equipment.


CRA

Consumer Rights Act 2015
w:en:Consumer Rights Act 2015

(UK, law) Initialism of Consumer Rights Act 2015.

Cyber Resilience Act
w:Cyber Resilience Act

(European Union, law) Initialism of Cyber Resilience Act.


arcifinious

(law, dated) Having a natural boundary, like a river, rather than an artificial dividing line.


WFH

WFH (countable and uncountable, plural WFHs)

(US copyright law) Initialism of work for hire.


furnish and supply

en-verb

furnish and supply (third-person singular simple present furnishes and supplies, present participle furnishing and supplying, simple past and past participle furnished and supplied)

furnishes and supplies (present singular third-person)
furnishing and supplying (participle present)
furnished and supplied (participle past)
furnished and supplied (past)

"For the purpose of performing said general law enforcement services, County shall furnish and supply all necessary labor, supervision, equipment, communication facilities, and supplies necessary to maintain the agreed level of service to be rendered hereunder."

2015, Larimer County, Colorado and the Town of Wellington Colorado, Municipal law enforcement services agreemnet by and between Larimer County, Colorado and the Town of Wellington Colorado:


patent trolling

/ˈpætənt ˌtɹəʊlɪŋ/

From patent troll, which is derived from patent + troll (“in folklore, a grotesque humanoid creature living in caves or hills, or under bridges”), a reference to trolls in folktales who block the path of travellers or threaten to harm them unless some payment is made.

(patent law, informal, derogatory) The practice of owning and enforcing patents in an aggressive and opportunistic manner, often with no intention of marketing or promoting the subjects of the patents


outbranch

The same contention was pressed in an earlier outbranch of the case in the supreme court.

1897, Atlantic Reporter - Volumes 37-38, page 671:

A suit on a bond given on appeal is not an original suit, but an outbranch of the suit in which the bond was given, and the jurisdiction of the original suit gives jurisdiction over the subject-matter of the suit on the bond.

1915, Peyton Boyle v, The Federal Reporter - Volume 223, page 281:

This portion of this article is therefore an outbranch of the general law of agency, and should be so understood.

The pension to the widow is an outbranch of the retirement payment to the policeman in that it is premised upon the previous service and the contributory payments, while in service, of the policeman, although it is distinguishable in that supporting contributory payments must be made by the policeman until his death, so that the enforced contributions from the pension of a policeman who desires to preserve his pension privileges to his wife in the event that she outlives him are of a kind, in so far as legislative control thereover is concerned, with those mandatorily made from his salary payments during the years of his active service.

1991, New Jersey statutes annotated, page 25:

(law) Something that results from a law, ruling, or record, but which is separate from that law, ruling, etc.


scène à faire

(law) An element of a creative work which is customary to the genre and therefore not eligible for copyright protection.


domitae naturae

From Latin domum(?) and natura, therefore meaning 'of a domestic nature'.

(law) applied to domestic animals which can be claimed as their property.


state of siege

Calque of French état de siège, first codified in a 1791 law of the Constituent Assembly during the French Revolution as an aggravated condition of war justifying the subordination of the civilian government to military authorities. Extended to apply to internal rebellion by a French law of 1797; subsequently broadened again in 1849 to denote any political state of emergency.

Several gentlemen of authority of the city of Belfast actually waited upon the Government and requested them not only to abolish the local police force but to proclaim a state of siege in the town of Belfast.

1865 May 29, Sir Robert Peel, 3rd Baronet, “Constabulary Force (Ireland) Act Amendment Bill”, in parliamentary debates (House of Commons), volume 179, column 982:

As soon as Nicaragua entered the war, Somoza declared a state of siege that remained in effect for four years.

1995, David E. Whisnant, Rascally Signs in Sacred Places: The Politics of Culture in Nicaragua, page 116:

(law) An exceptional legal condition in which constitutional limits on the powers of the government are suspended, usually owing to military necessity and implying martial law.

French Revolution
National Constituent Assembly (France)


state of exception

en-noun

state of exception (plural states of exception)

Calque of German Ausnahmezustand, primarily as used by the German jurist and philosopher Carl Schmitt; popularised in English by the Italian philosopher Giorgio Agamben in the 1990s–2000s.

Out of such rhetoric emerged an American state of exception, and with it, the disturbing outlines of inquisitorial behavior.

2006, Arthur Versluis, The New Inquisitions: Heretic-Hunting and the Intellectual Origins of Modern Totalitarianism, page 127:

Regardless of how we conceive of them, rights are just abstract entitlements that, given a state of exception, can be suspended at will by the very same states that profess a belief in the universality and inalienability of these rights!

2010, Flora Sapio, Sovereign Power and the Law in China, page 252:

The progressive normalization of the state of exception has eroded rule-bound procedures that give substance to conventional regulatory regimes.

2017, Martin J. Murray, The Urbanism of Exception: The Dynamics of Global City Building in the Twenty-First Century, page 311:

(law, philosophy) A condition in which ordinary laws or norms have been suspended by a political authority.


final and conclusive

(law, of a ruling, evidence etc) Binding, decisive.


time-barred

statute of limitations
statute of limitations

(law) That can not be brought to court because the statute of limitations has passed.


fumus boni iuris

Learned borrowing from Latin fūmus bonī iūris (“smoke of a good right”).

lbor

(law) A likelihood of success based on the merit of a case; a requirement for admission to certain benefits, such as legal aid and injunctions.


composition fee

en-noun

composition fee (plural composition fees)

Originally from an obsolete sense of composition, “payment to settle an obligation”, from Medieval Latin compositiō (“payment made in amends or settlement”), see citations; compare legal sense of compound, “settle with a smaller payment than the claim”. Later reanalysed in some cases as meaning “aggregate”.

der

The subscribers of three guineas per annum were to be called governors, and were permitted to pay a composition fee of twenty guineas to obtain the privilege of life governor.

1845, Erasmus Wilson, The History of the Middlesex Hospital during the First Century of its Existence, page 4:

The maximum composition fee for an offence was raised from six hundred to a thousand dollars.

1974, Thean Soo Lim, Sukumaran Nair, S. Mohd Razak, The Impact of Customs, Republic of Singapore, page 38:

Payment of a University Composition Fee under these regulations shall entitle a matriculated student without additional fee ¶ (a) to attend any course within the University which is listed in the table of fees attached to these regulations […]

2009, Statutes and Ordinances of the University of Cambridge, →ISBN, page 159:

(chiefly law) A payment of amends or to acquire a certain privilege, (universities) a tuition fee.


ostrich instruction

en-noun

ostrich instruction (plural ostrich instructions)

After the supposed habit of the ostrich of burying its head in the sand to avoid danger by not seeing it.

Based on this evidence, we concluded an ostrich instruction was appropriate because a jury could reasonably conclude that he had deliberately avoided the truth.

(law) An instruction to jurors telling them they may equate willful ignorance with actual knowledge.


hide the ball

en-verb

hide the ball (third-person singular simple present hides the ball, present participle hiding the ball, simple past hid the ball, past participle hidden the ball)

hides the ball (present singular third-person)
hiding the ball (participle present)
hid the ball (past)
hidden the ball (participle past)

(law, slang) To withhold evidence in a trial that may hurt one's case.


bare license

1995 Rite-Hite Corp. v. Kelley Co., Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit
If the party has not received an express or implied promise of exclusivity under the patent, i.e., the right to exclude others from making, using, or selling the patented invention, the party has a "bare license," and has received only the patentee's promise that that party will not be sued for infringement.

(law) A license to use intellectual or real property without any promise of exclusivity.


naked licensing

Because we find that TFN engaged in naked licensing and thereby abandoned its trademarks, we affirm.

2010, FreecycleSunnyvale v. The Freecycle Network, Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals:

(law) The act of granting a naked license.


naked license

We have held that the proponent of a naked license theory of trademark abandonment must meet a “stringent standard of proof.”

(law) A license of a trademark granted without quality control over the use of the trademark.


qualified immunity

It is no disparagement of the offices held by petitioners to hold that Presidential aides, like Members of the Cabinet, generally are entitled only to a qualified immunity.

Erma Aldaba sought to hold police liable for her son’s deadly encounter with police, but qualified immunity ended her lawsuit before it could even get to trial.

(law, US) A doctrine protecting some government officials from suit if no prior court decision had declared similar conduct to be actionable, or if they acted in good faith.

제한적 면책특권

a doctrine protecting some government officials from suit


hadbot

Learned borrowing from Old English hādbōt.

lbor

(Anglo-Saxon, historical, law) Recompense demanded under old English law for violence or insult to a person in holy orders.


serial rapist

(criminology) Someone who commits multiple rapes, whether with multiple victims or a single victim repeatedly over a period of time.


take to court

en-verb

take to court (third-person singular simple present takes to court, present participle taking to court, simple past took to court, past participle taken to court)

takes to court (present singular third-person)
taking to court (participle present)
took to court (past)
taken to court (participle past)

(transitive, law) To sue; to begin a legal process against; to take legal action against.


subfelony

en-adj

subfelony (comparative more subfelony, superlative most subfelony)

more subfelony (comparative)
most subfelony (superlative)

(US, law) below the level of a felony; relating to a misdemeanor


fingerprint powder

en-noun

fingerprint powder (plural fingerprint powders)

The stairs were dusted with fingerprint powder, and immediately, a clear impression of a running shoe was evident.

2001, Forensic Files, "Frozen Evidence" (season 6, episode 8)

(criminology) Any fine powder used in dusting for fingerprints by crime scene investigators and others in law enforcement.


signature authority

Officers or employees who file an FBAR to report signature authority over an employer’s foreign financial account don’t need to personally keep records on their employer’s accounts.

2019, “Understand how to report foreign bank and financial accounts”, in Internal Revenue Service:

(law) Control over a financial account with ones signature.


absolute immunity

The District Court denied the motion to dismiss on the ground that the conduct asserted amounted to “administrative,” not “prosecutorial,” conduct; hence it fell outside the scope of the prosecutor’s absolute immunity to §1983 claims.

2009, Van de Kamp et al. v. Goldstein (555 U.S. 335)

The Secretary's principal defenses in this case implicate claims of absolute immunity from suit.

2013, Goldstein v. Galvin (1st Cir. 2013 No. 12-2184)

(law) A doctrine providing immunity from suit by private parties for certain government officials and witnesses in judicial proceedings, even if the act or testimony was illegal, false, or made in bad faith.


cluster zoning

When development is appropriate, Smart Growth tools such as cluster zoning and mitigation fees should be used to minimize the impact of the development on agriculturally or environmentally sensitive land.

2003, Robert H. Freilich, “Smart Growth in Western Metro Areas”, in Natural Resources Journal, volume 43, number 3, →JSTOR:

(law) A type of zoning ordinance regulating average density rather than the size of each lot, generally requiring some amount of shared open space.


cyberlibel

The news website Rappler, Ressa, its executive editor, and former researcher and writer Reynaldo Santos Jr were accused of cyberlibel over a story that alleged links between a businessman and a top judge.

2020 June 15, Maria Ressa, “Journalist Maria Ressa found guilty of 'cyberlibel' in Philippines”, in The Guardian:

(Philippines, Internet, law) The act or crime of making a defamatory statement (libel) about someone on the Internet; such a statement.


Mann Act

Named for the law's author, Congressman James Robert Mann.

Enacted during a time of great change and "moral panic," the Mann Act was originally designed to combat forced prostitution.

2008 March 11, Eric Weiner, “The Long, Colorful History of the Mann Act”, in All Things Considered:

(US, law) A federal law passed in 1910 prohibiting transportation of women across state lines for immoral purposes.


NYCL

New York Consolidated Laws
w:New York Consolidated Laws

(law) Initialism of New York Consolidated Laws.


GVR

Normally, this situation would call for a GVR order: The court would send the case back down to the court of appeals, which could decide whether a different result is required in light of Merit Management.

2018 May 7, Dan Epps, “Quorums and conflicts of interest on the Supreme Court”, in SCOTUS blog:

(US, law, informal) An order from the Supreme Court of the United States summarily disposing of a petition for certiorari by granting the petition, vacating the judgment of the lower court, and remanding to the lower court for reconsideration.


GVR

en-verb

GVR (third-person singular simple present GVRs, present participle GVRing, simple past and past participle GRV'd)

GVRs (present singular third-person)
GVRing (participle present)
GRV'd (participle past)
GRV'd (past)

If you blinked, you'd miss the fact that the Court passed on six abortion-related petitions! First, the Court GVR'd Box v. Planned Parenthood of Indiana and Kentucky in light of June Medical.

2020 July 3, Josh Blackman, “Overtime July begins with Emanations and Penumbras from the Shadow Docket”, in The Volokh Conspiracy:

(US, law, informal) To issue a GVR order.


res integra

(law) A new point that has not previously been decided in law.


res communis

Biological examples of res communis include fish and mammals in high seas.

(law) The commons, or common heritage of mankind.


sponge tax

Following various versions of the Massachusetts estate tax in response to the changes in the Internal Revenue Code, in 2002, the Legislature amended § 2A to use a "sponge tax" calculation based upon the Federal credit for State death taxes that would have been allowable to a decedent's estate in 2000.

2020, Elspeth B. Cypher writing for the Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts in Shaffer v. Commissioner of Revenue, case number SJC 12812https://www.mass.gov/files/documents/2020/07/10/q12812.pdf

(US, law, historical) An estate tax imposed by a state that was credited against the federal estate tax, raising revenue for a state without increasing the overall tax burden.


Jordan rule

From the defendant, Barrett Richard Jordan, in the Canadian criminal court case, known as R v Jordan, whose resolution, the ruling decision, that established the rule.

(Canada, crime, law, politics, constitution, human rights) A rule about how long criminal court cases can take, and when exceeding the determined limit, is considered excessive and violating constitutional rights, and thus the criminal proceedings are summarily terminated with no recourse, and the defendant released. The limit of 18 or 30 months from placing criminal charges to trial is established in the rule.

crime; constitution; human rights; crime; constitution; human rights


UFTA

Uniform Fraudulent Transfer Act
w:Fraudulent conveyance

(US, law) Initialism of Uniform Fraudulent Transfer Act.


cestui que trust

en-noun

cestui que trust (plural cestuis que trust or (rare) cestuies que trust)

cestuis que trust (plural)
cestuies que trust (plural rare)

(law) One who has the equitable and beneficial interest in property, the legal interest in which is vested in a trustee.


routous

a routous assembly

(law) With that violation of law called a rout.


declaration of will

declaration of will (plural declarations of will)

Calque of Latin dēclārātiō voluntātis, directly and indirectly from calques of it.

(law) A private outward manifestation of intention which is directly aimed at bringing about a legal effect.

意思表示

manifestation of intent aimed at creating a legal effect


declaration of intent

declaration of intent (plural declarations of intent)

(law) A formal statement of what a person or organization intends to do, which is not binding in the way a contract is.


OIML

w:International Organization of Legal Metrology

(law, standardisation) Initialism of International Organization of Legal Metrology. (French abbreviation)


crime scientist

crime scientist (plural crime scientists)

(criminology) Someone who studies crime science, especially someone who does so professionally.


crime science

(criminology) The study of crime in order to find ways to prevent it.


criminal scientist

criminal scientist (plural criminal scientists)

(criminology) Synonym of crime scientist


pincite

(law) pinpoint citation; a type of citation in which the exact page for certain information is provided


dual resident

(law, taxation) A person who is a resident for tax purposes in two or more countries.


puttage

From put + -age, perhaps because the questions posed are often introduced with the expression “I put it to you that …”.

(law, Victoria (Australia)) The putting of questions to a witness during cross-examination in accordance with the Rule in Browne v Dunn, specifically, questions that present a version of events that contradicts the witness's own testimony in order to elicit denials or explanations.


novus actus interveniens

The fact that the bouncer’s act may have been a novus actus interveniens, or an intervening act, is part of the analysis of whether legal causation has been established and whether the appellants should be held legally accountable for the death.... The Manitoba Court of Appeal held that, in order for novus actus interveniens to apply to sever legal causation, the intervening act had to be, in some way, extraordinary or unusual.

2012 May 18, A. Karakatsanis, J., “R. v. Maybin, 2012 SCC 24”, in CanLII, retrieved 2020-09-21:

(law) A doctrine of law that, in certain circumstances, an intervening event can break the chain of causation between a person's action and its result, potentially depriving that person of legal liability for the result; such an intervening event.


coplaintiff

(law) Any of several plaintiffs bringing the same charge.


MNPI

(law, business, finance) Initialism of material non-public information: information which is relevant to a trading decision but is not publicly known, giving rise to the possibility of insider trading.


repeated bodily harm

Maguire's troubles started in August when he was given a suspended sentence of 21 months and 10 days in prison after he was found guilty of repeated bodily harm, attempted bribery, violence against public employees and insult after a trial on the Greek island of Syros.

2020 October 14, Phil McNulty, “England 0-1 Denmark: 'Harry Maguire looked devoid of confidence in Nations League loss'”, in BBC Sport:


ultima ratio

Since punishment (including death and prison in the United States) is the harshest type of public measure or burden that the state may take or impose against an individual and the state has the duty to consider the rights and interests of all people involved or affected by a situation (including those who cause harm), the ultima ratio principle requires that less harmful responses or measures, including noncriminal ones, be adopted if those responses or measures would adequately advance a legitimate goal such as addressing harmful behavior.

2020, Máximo Langer, “Penal Abolitionism and Criminal Law Minimalism: Here and There, Now and Then”, in Harvard Law Review, volume 134, number 42, page 73:

(law) legal philosophy under which penal redress to crime should only be used as a measure of last resort


case note

A discussion of this question may be found in a case note to Waller v. Ross, 12 L.R.A. (N.S.) 721

1910, Lawyers' Reports Annotated - Book 24, page 1308:

This case note analyses the High Court's approach to the corporations power in s 51(xx) of the Constitution in Williams v Commonwealth (No 2) (2014) 88 ALJR 701.

2016, Anna Olijnyk, Case Note: The Corporations Power in Williams (No 2).:

(law) A legal analysis of a case that has been tried.


licensed premises

(British, Ireland, law) a place which is licensed for the sale of alcoholic beverages to the public for consumption on the premises; a public house or bar


legal cynicism

Sampson and Bartusch measure legal cynicism using five variables designed to assess general beliefs about the legitimacy of law and social norms.

2006, James W. Burfeind, Juvenile Delinquency: An Integrated Approach, page 488:

(law) A perspective under which criminal law and law enforcement are seen as unresponsive or indifferent to public safety, and instead serve primarily to exclude disfavored communities from society.


antisubordination

(law) Legal philosophy holding that the law must address and reform structures that maintain social inequality with respect to disadvantaged groups.


harm principle

(law) A legal principle under which the state should only limit an individual's actions to the extent that they would cause harm to another.


protected term

(law) a term which legally may only be applied to products produced in a specific region


RCEP

(East Asia, trade, law, Hong Kong, Southeast Asia, Singapore, Malaysia, Philippines, Australia, New Zealand) Abbreviation of Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership.

East Asia; trade; Southeast Asia; East Asia; trade; Southeast Asia


demosprudence

Coined by Lani Guinie and Gerald Torres in 2008. Blend of demography + jurisprudence.

coin

(law, neologism) perspective that emphasizes ordinary people's agency to recognize rights and influence legal interpretation


purposivism

purposive approach
purposive approach#English


false imprisonment

en-noun

false imprisonment (countable and uncountable, plural false imprisonments)

(law) The intentional restriction of a person's movement within any area without legal authority, justification, or the restrained person's permission.


ILR

indefinite leave to remain
indefinite leave to remain#English

(UK, law) Initialism of indefinite leave to remain.


anticonstitutionality

anticonstitutionality (countable and uncountable, plural anticonstitutionalities)

Coordinate term: unconstitutionality

(law) The status of being against the constitution


SOFA

international relations
international relations

status of forces agreement
status of forces agreement#English

(international relations, military, law, politics) Acronym of status of forces agreement.


testilie

en-verb

testilie (third-person singular simple present testilies, present participle testilying, simple past and past participle testilied)

testilies (present singular third-person)
testilying (participle present)
testilied (participle past)
testilied (past)

Blend of testify + lie. Possibly a back-formation from the noun testilying, which appeared a few years earlier and is more common.

In Manhattan, grand jury prosecutors are urged to interview police officers separately if there is any possibility they may be fabricating evidence or about to testilie.

1999 January, Larry Cunningham, “Taking on Testilying”, in Criminal Justice Ethics, volume 18, →DOI, pages 26–40:

Higher rank officers in New York advocated that those officers who testilied should not be prosecuted because testilying was a police tradition.

2007, Jack R. Greene, “Courtroom testimony and ‘testilying’”, in The Encyclopedia of Police Science, volume 1, page 274:

(US, law, informal, euphemistic) To commit perjury (as a police officer).


iudex non calculat

Unadapted borrowing from Latin iūdex nōn calculat (literally “a judge does not calculate”).

ubor

(law) The principle that a judge should base their decision on the strength of the arguments rather than their quantity.


Howey test

Established as a result of the US legal case SEC v. W. J. Howey Co. (1946).

(law) A test to determine whether an instrument qualifies as an "investment contract" for the purposes of the Securities Act of 1933: it must be "a contract, transaction or scheme whereby a person invests his money in a common enterprise and is led to expect profits solely from the efforts of the promoter or a third party".


LSST

(US, military, law) Abbreviation of Legal Services Support Team.


picking quarrels and provoking trouble

en-noun

picking quarrels and provoking trouble (uncountable)

Calque of Chinese 尋釁滋事／寻衅滋事 (xúnxìn zīshì).

calque

(Mainland China, law) A collection of vague criminal offences, mainly concerning undermining public order by creating a disturbance in a public place.

picking quarrels and stirring up trouble


disorderly conduct

(law, crime) The criminal offence of misbehaving in a public place, for example, by being drunk or loitering.


form book

(US, law) A binder of loose-leaf forms, or a book containing specimens of such forms, for use by attorneys in their work.


penal populism

(law) A process in which the major political parties compete with each other to be tough on crime.


Norwich Pharmacal order

en-noun

Norwich Pharmacal order (plural Norwich Pharmacal orders)

First granted in 1974 in the case of Norwich Pharmacal Co. v Customs and Excise Commissioners.

(UK, Ireland, law) A court order granted against a third party which has been innocently mixed up in wrongdoing, forcing the disclosure of documents or information.


impaired driving

(law, automotive, chiefly Canada) A criminal offense; the act of driving while impaired (such as by alcohol or drugs).


SISEA

(law, US) Acronym of Stop Internet Sexual Exploitation Act.


H.Res.

(US politics, law) Abbreviation of House Resolution; also H. Res.


H. Res.

(US politics, law) Abbreviation of House Resolution; also H.Res.


litigation friend

litigation friend (plural litigation friends)


damnous

en-adj

damnous (comparative more damnous, superlative most damnous)

more damnous (comparative)
most damnous (superlative)


swearing contest

en-noun

swearing contest (plural swearing contests)

Dershowitz pithily illustrates the dilemma of the courts in deciding the swearing contest in his “rules” of the criminal justice system: […]

1985, Dublin University Law Journal, page 47:

Such one-on-one “swearing contests” are routinely decided in favor of law enforcement officers, but in this case the district court sided with the accused bank robber.

1999, United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Criminal Justice Oversight, The Clinton Justice Department's Refusal to Enforce the Law on Voluntary Confessions: Hearing, page 56:

(law, informal) A trial whose outcome comes down to which of two parties swearing to the truth of opposing accounts is to be believed.


inquisitorial system

inquisitorial system (plural inquisitorial systems)

(law) a trial system in which the prosecutor also acts as judge


joint and several

The debt of a general partnership is a joint and several liability of each general partner.

The full amount of the rent is the joint and several obligation of each signatory, including non-tenant co-signers, of the lease.

(law, of a legal obligation) Undertaken by or assigned to two or more parties, each having liability for the entire obligation.


in limine

Unadapted borrowing from Latin in līmine (literally “in the threshold”).

ubor

(chiefly US, law) At the beginning, as a preliminary matter; specifically, before a particular procedure or proceeding takes place.


in limine

(chiefly US, law, of a motion, hearing, ruling, etc.) Pertaining to a request made at the start of a trial that the judge rule that certain evidence may not be introduced in a trial; most common in criminal trials where evidence is subject to constitutional limitations, such as statements made without Miranda warnings.


absque dubio

From Latin absque (“without”) + dubiō (“doubt”).

(chiefly US, law) Without doubt; used in pleadings where a statement needs no proof.


overpenalization

(law) The process of administering excessive punishment, especially in response to crime.


accessaryship

(law) The condition of being an accessary.


accessoryship

(law) The condition of being an accessory.


notice and comment

(law) A process of rulemaking in which a proposed rule is published in the Federal Register and is subject to comment by members of the general public.


first impression

en-noun

first impression (plural first impressions)

Because the law was just recently passed, this is a case of first impression.

(law) (of a case, issue, etc.) The state of not having been previously raised within a particular jurisdiction. ᵂᵖ


insurance fire

The other fifty-four cases were insurance fires, that is the motive was that of burning to collect insurance.

1921, Office of the Fire Marshal of the State of Louisiana, Annual Report - Volumes 17-35, page 7:

A more likely theory is that it was an insurance fire, as the Bennett brothers were in financial trouble...

2009, Jessie Munro, The Story of Suzanne Aubert, page 419:

Most of the people thought it was an insurance fire, that Aronez or someone hired by him had set it.

2012, David Holmberg, The Tinderbox, page 87:

They're even hinting that the loss of our Ingleside printing plant was an insurance fire, for God's sake!

2016, Stephen Birmingham, The Rothman Scandal, page 619:

(law) A form of arson in which a fire is intentionally started in order to enable collection from an insurance policy that protects against accidental fires.


asked and answered

(US, law) A type of objection in which the same attorney continues to ask the same question but has already received an answer.


read into

en-verb

read into (third-person singular simple present reads into, present participle reading into, simple past and past participle read into)

reads into (present singular third-person)
reading into (participle present)
read into (participle past)
read into (past)

The Supreme Court of Canada read "sexual orientation" into section 15 of the Charter of Rights in Egan v. Canada.

(transitive, law, of a court or ruling) To establish that a legislative text should be understood to include certain words or concepts not explicitly found there, by necessary implication and/or to obey constitutional imperatives or similar.


malice in law

[…] in actions of slander, though it should appear that the defendant was not actuated by ill-will against the plaintiff, malice in law will be inferred from the fact of intentional publication, unless the defendant can show that his language was excusable as a privileged communication […]

1858, John Pitt Taylor, chapter V, in A Treatise on the Law of Evidence, As Administered in England and Ireland, 3rd edition, volume 1, London: W. Maxwell, Law Bookseller and Publisher, page 121:

The actions of the president and the government advising him on the matter of Justice Isa were stained by malice in law, says the court. The president failed to apply his independent mind to the advice given to him […]

2020 October 28, Abdul Moiz Jaferii, “Facts and malice in law”, in The News International:

Any use of discretionary power exercised for an unauthorized purpose amounted to malice in law. It is immaterial whether the authority acted in good faith or bad faith.

2021 January 5, “Any use of discretionary power exercised under Rule 86A for an unauthorized purpose amounts to malice in law – HC”, in Faceless Compliance:

(law) The state of having done something illegal without an intention of breaking the law.


battered person syndrome

A more recent, gender-neutral formulation based on battered woman syndrome.

(law) A legal defense according to which a murderer had no choice but to kill their violent partner in response to cumulative abuse rather than a single provocation.


ca. sa.

I've noted down the amount of the taxed costs and damages for which the ca-sa was issued, and we had better settle at once and lose no time.

1836 March – 1837 October, Charles Dickens, “(please specify the chapter name)”, in The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club, London: Chapman and Hall, […], published 1837, →OCLC:

capias ad satisfaciendam
capias ad satisfaciendam#English

(law) Abbreviation of capias ad satisfaciendam.


C&D

cease and desist
cease and desist#English


malice in fact

But falsehood and want of probable cause are in themselves evidence of malice in fact.

1845 January, Peter Vivian Daniel, “White v. Nicholls et al.”, in Benjamin C. Howard, editor, United States Reports, volume 44, Philadelphia: T & J. W. Johnson, page 281:

A private individual very often made a statement out of malice, but a newspaper very often published these matters not for malice in fact, but because it answered their purpose to do so […]

1888 June 6, William Vernon Harcourt, parliamentary debates (House of Commons):

(law) Provable intent to commit a crime or otherwise do harm.


heat of passion

(law) An outburst of anger that leads one to commit a criminal act, and is itself influenced by preceding events that might cause a reasonable person to lose self control.


superseding cause

(law) An unforeseeable event that occurs after a tortfeasor's initial act of negligence and causes injury to a victim, generally absolving the tortfeasor of liability for injury.


intervening cause

(law) A foreseeable event that occurs after a tortfeasor's initial act of negligence and causes injury to a victim, generally not absolving the tortfeasor of liability for injury.


officer of the court

en-noun

officer of the court (plural officers of the court)

(law) One who, as a function of their professional duties, must promote the effective operation of the judicial system.


culpable negligence

One who causes another's death by culpable negligence is guilty of second-degree manslaughter.

(law) Gross negligence subject to criminal liability.

negligenza colposa

gross negligence subject to criminal liability


collateral review

In the wake of Miller, the Mississippi Supreme Court concluded that Miller applied retroactively on state collateral review.

2021, Jones v. Mississippi (U.S. Supreme Court No. 18–1259), Justice Kavanaugh

(law) A legal avenue to upset a judgment that has otherwise become final.


invasion of privacy

invasion of privacy (plural invasions of privacy)

(also law) A transgression into one's personal or private matters.

invasione della privacy

transgression into one's private matters


before the fact

Coordinate term: after the fact

accessory before the fact


wrongful death

(law) A civil claim against a person who can be held liable for the death of another.


bar table

(law) A table in a common law courtroom at which advocates sit or stand.


at bar

(law) Before the court; under consideration by the court.


hold in contempt

en-verb

hold in contempt (third-person singular simple present holds in contempt, present participle holding in contempt, simple past and past participle held in contempt)

holds in contempt (present singular third-person)
holding in contempt (participle present)
held in contempt (participle past)
held in contempt (past)

(law) To judge someone to have been in contempt of court.


litiscontestation

(law) The situation where both parties in a case have stated their pleas and agreed to abide by the judge's decision.


name change

(law) The legal act by a person of changing their name.


turn king's evidence

turn king's evidence (third-person singular simple present turns king's evidence, present participle turning king's evidence, simple past and past participle turned king's evidence)

turns king's evidence (present singular third-person)
turning king's evidence (participle present)
turned king's evidence (participle past)
turned king's evidence (past)

turn queen's evidence
turn queen's evidence#English

(British, law) Alternative form of turn queen's evidence (used when the monarch is male)


turn queen's evidence

turn queen's evidence (third-person singular simple present turns queen's evidence, present participle turning queen's evidence, simple past and past participle turned queen's evidence)

turns queen's evidence (present singular third-person)
turning queen's evidence (participle present)
turned queen's evidence (participle past)
turned queen's evidence (past)

Coordinate term: (when the monarch is male) turn king's evidence

(British, law) Of a person accused of a crime, to give evidence against one's accomplices in the hope of receiving a lighter punishment. Used when the monarch is female.


FDAC

(law) Initialism of family drug and alcohol court.


BTAS

(law) Initialism of Bar Tribunal and Adjudication Services.


conflict out

conflict out (third-person singular simple present conflicts out, present participle conflicting out, simple past and past participle conflicted out)

conflicts out (present singular third-person)
conflicting out (participle present)
conflicted out (participle past)
conflicted out (past)

“Conflicting out” attorneys is the way a husband will make sure his wife doesn't hire any of the most aggressive lawyers in town.

conflict of interest
conflict of interest

(transitive, law) To eliminate (a legal representative) due to a conflict of interest.


VRO

The Brownlow medallist [Ben Cousins] breached the VRO in October when he visited his ex-partner's house and shouted for his children.

2016 December 13, “Ben Cousins fined for breaching AVO and drug offences”, in Nine News:

restraining order
restraining order#English

(law, Western Australia) Initialism of violence restraining order.


ayel

From Middle English ayel, aiel, from Old French aiol, aiel, from Vulgar Latin *aviolus, ultimately from Latin avus. Compare modern French aïeul.

(law, obsolete) A legal writ under which a grandchild can legally remove a stranger from land belonging to the grandchild's grandfather, which the stranger had seized upon the grandfather's death.


rest, residue and remainder

en-noun

rest, residue and remainder (uncountable)

(law) The part left over (especially of an estate).


right, title and interest

right, title and interest (plural rights, titles and interests)

(law) All of the rights a party has e.g. over a property.


rest one's case

en-verb

rest one's case (third-person singular simple present rests one's case, present participle resting one's case, simple past and past participle rested one's case)

rests one's case (present singular third-person)
resting one's case (participle present)
rested one's case (participle past)
rested one's case (past)

(law) To conclude one's presentation of the evidence during a trial.


companies register

en-noun

companies register (plural companies registers)

(law) A register of organizations in the jurisdiction they operate under.


Baker Act

en-verb

Baker Act (third-person singular simple present Baker Acts, present participle Baker Acting, simple past and past participle Baker Acted)

Baker Acts (present singular third-person)
Baker Acting (participle present)
Baker Acted (participle past)
Baker Acted (past)

The legislation was nicknamed the “Baker Act” after Florida Democratic state representative from Miami, Maxine Baker, who served from 1963 to 1972. She had a strong interest in mental health issues, served as chair of the House Committee on Mental Health, and was the sponsor of the bill.

Court records show he was previously ruled not competent for prosecution, Baker Acted 33 times and released back onto the street. The Baker Acts include the child molestation and prior indecent exposure arrests.

2018 February 27, Kent Justice, “Jacksonville man charged with masturbating in front of kids”, in News4Jax:

(US, law, transitive, intransitive) To invoke the Baker Act, i.e., the involuntary institutionalization and examination of an individual in the state of Florida, or (by extension) elsewhere in the United States.


alias summons

(law) A second summons served when the first attempt to serve a summons was unsuccessful.


crown witness

(UK law) A person implicated in a criminal case who turn against their accomplices by serving as a witness for the state and who may enter into a witness protection program afterwards.


LOAC

(law, military) Acronym of laws of armed conflict.


compulsory purchase order

en-noun

compulsory purchase order (plural compulsory purchase orders)

The plans also required several Compulsory Purchase Orders to acquire nearby land.

2021 July 28, Peter Plisner, “The race to the Games has begun”, in RAIL, number 936, page 57:

(law, UK, Ireland) An order made, usually for the purchase of land required for a construction project.


lease for lives

lease for lives (plural leases for lives)

term of years determinable
term of years determinable

(law, England and Wales, historical) A kind of lease for a term of years determinable, popular in the 17th and 18th centuries, which typically named three individuals – the "lives" – and determined upon the death of all three.


and company

(law) Used as part of the name of a company with multiple owners.


corporate death penalty

corporate death penalty (plural corporate death penalties)

(law) The revocation of a corporation's charter for significant harm caused to society.


shadow docket

(US, law) The cases resolved by the US Supreme Court that do not involve briefing, oral argument, or full judicial opinions.


IPL

IPL (countable and uncountable, plural IPLs)

international private law
international private law#English

(law) Initialism of international private law.


noxally

noxally liable


Daubert motion

(US, law) A special motion in limine raised before or during trial, to exclude the presentation of unqualified evidence to the jury.


Quistclose trust

Quistclose trust (plural Quistclose trusts)

In reference to the 1968 case of Barclays Bank Ltd v Quistclose Investments Ltd.

(law) A trust created where a creditor has lent money to a debtor for a particular purpose. If the debtor uses the money for other purposes, it is held on trust for the creditor. Any inappropriately spent money can then be traced and returned to the creditor.


balance of equities

balance of equities (plural balances of equities)

(law) A judicial analysis under which a court weighs factors like the public interest, injury to the parties, fairness, etc. in deciding on a matter.


life imprisonment

life imprisonment (usually uncountable, plural life imprisonments)

(law) The state of being imprisoned for the rest of one's life.

(Malaysia, law) a sentence of imprisonment for 30 years; reclusión perpetua


narrow construction

narrow construction (plural narrow constructions)

strict construction
strict construction#English

(law) Alternative form of strict construction


warranty of title

(law) An implied warranty implying that the seller of goods has the right to sell them.


common recovery

common recovery (plural common recoveries)

(UK, law, historical) A legal proceeding in England that enabled lawyers to convert an entailed estate into absolute ownership, fee simple, by means of a legal fiction.


in dubio pro reo

benefit of the doubt
benefit of the doubt

(law) benefit of the doubt to the accused


Nelsonian knowledge

Derived from a tale told of Admiral Horatio Nelson of the British Navy.

(law) Knowledge which is attributed to a person who has engaged in willful ignorance of that knowledge and ought to have known it.


victim impact statement

victim impact statement (plural victim impact statements)

(law, criminology) A written or oral statement by the victim, or the relatives of the victim of a crime, made as part of the judicial process to convey the impact that the crime has had upon the victim or their relatives.


totality of the circumstances

totality of the circumstances (uncountable)

The voluntariness of a confession is based on a totality of the circumstances test.

(law) A method of analysis where decisions are based on all available information rather than bright-line rules.


disprobative

en-adj

disprobative (comparative more disprobative, superlative most disprobative)

more disprobative (comparative)
most disprobative (superlative)

(law) Tending to disprove a particular proposition or to persuade someone of the falsity of an allegation.


case the joint

en-verb

case the joint (third-person singular simple present cases the joint, present participle casing the joint, simple past and past participle cased the joint)

cases the joint (present singular third-person)
casing the joint (participle present)
cased the joint (participle past)
cased the joint (past)

(idiomatic, slang, criminology) To thoroughly observe or examine a place, in order to familiarize oneself with its workings in preparation for criminal activity, often robbery.


sunrise clause

(business, law) A contract provision that extends coverage to events that occurred before the contract was signed.


stand-your-ground law

en-noun

stand-your-ground law (plural stand-your-ground laws)

(law) A legal principle that permits the use of lethal force when it is necessary to defend oneself against great bodily harm, kidnapping, rape, robbery or any other serious crime without a duty to retreat.


duty to retreat

duty to retreat (plural duties to retreat)

(law) A legal requirement in some jurisdictions that a threatened individual cannot harm another in self-defense when it is possible instead to retreat to a place of safety.


aggrieved party

aggrieved party (plural aggrieved parties)

(law) An individual or collective whose rights have been violated and who is entitled to commence a lawsuit; victim.


in witness whereof

(law) Turn of phrase used to introduce the concluding clause in deeds.


sidebar comment

sidebar comment (plural sidebar comments)

(chiefly US, law) An unnecessary, often argumentative remark made by an attorney or witness during a trial or deposition.

(chiefly US, law) Conversation in the courtroom between lawyers and the judge that jury members are not able to hear.


mental inquest warrant

mental inquest warrant (plural mental inquest warrants)

(chiefly US, law) A court order requested by a citizen to summon an individual for a psychiatric evaluation because of concerns regarding that individual's mental instability.


prior restraint

prior restraint (plural prior restraints)

(law) A restriction on expression imposed before the fact against particular speech or ideas (as opposed to restrictions against general subject matter or imposed after the fact against a particular instance of expression).


black letter law

black-letter law
black-letter law#English

(law) Alternative spelling of black-letter law


rule of the shorter term

(law) A feature of the copyright law of some countries, whereby the duration of protection granted by the country in question to a work created in a foreign country is limited to no greater than that which it would have received in its country of origin, even if it would have been eligible for a greater duration had it been created in the country in question; the rule that, when a copyrighted work passes into the public domain in its country of origin, it will also pass into the public domain in the country in question if it has not already done so.


amober

Coordinate term: merchet

(historical, law) In Wales, a maiden-fee paid to a lord on the marriage of a maiden in his manor.


nonentrenchment

(law) The principle that laws are free to be amended by future legislative majorities.


Anor

(UK, law) another, used in case citations


MPL

Mozilla Public License
w:Mozilla Public License

(computing, copyright law) Initialism of Mozilla Public License.


E+W

England and Wales
England and Wales#English

(UK, law) Abbreviation of England and Wales.


England & Wales

(UK, law) Alternative form of England and Wales.


exchange contracts

en-verb

exchange contracts (third-person singular simple present exchanges contracts, present participle exchanging contracts, simple past and past participle exchanged contracts)

exchanges contracts (present singular third-person)
exchanging contracts (participle present)
exchanged contracts (participle past)
exchanged contracts (past)

(law, England and Wales, Northern Ireland, idiomatic) To formally contract to purchase, sell or otherwise be party to a disposition of an estate in land; usually requiring the payment of a deposit by one of the parties.

legal representative
legal representative

(law, England and Wales, Northern Ireland, chiefly by legal practitioners) To create a contract for the disposition of an estate in land between negotiating parties, by a process which is immediately followed by the exchange of executed counterparts of the contract between each party's legal representative.


exchange of contracts

en-noun

exchange of contracts (plural exchanges of contracts)

(law, England and Wales, Northern Ireland) The act of exchanging contracts.

(law, England and Wales, Northern Ireland, idiomatic) The point or stage at which a conveyancing contract comes into existence between negotiating parties for the carrying out of a disposition of an estate in land; usually requiring the payment of a deposit.


mines and minerals

Near-synonym: mineral rights

(property law, England and Wales, idiomatic) The legal title to geological resources in the subsurface of a piece of land, usually by reference to being in the same or separate ownership to the surface of that land.


profit à prendre

profit à prendre (plural profits à prendre)

Learned borrowing from Law French profit à prendre (“profit to be taken”).

lbor

(property law) A nonpossessory interest in land which grants the legal right to enter onto another person's real property (real estate) for the purpose of taking from its soil, mines and minerals, natural produce or flora and fauna.


deed of appointment

en-noun

deed of appointment (plural deeds of appointment)

(law, England and Wales) A deed executed by the trustees or beneficiaries of a trust appointing one or more new trustees.

(law, England and Wales) A deed executed by the trustees of a trust appointing sums or property out of the trust to one or more beneficiaries.


deed of retirement

deed of retirement (plural deeds of retirement)

(law, England and Wales) A deed executed by the trustees of a trust under which one or more voluntarily retire from being trustees.


fee simple absolute in possession

fee simple absolute in possession (uncountable)

From fee simple + absolute + in possession.

(law, England and Wales, formal, idiomatic) The unqualified and unrestricted ownership of an estate in land; freehold tenure.


term of years

(law, formal) An estate in land held under a lease which is not perpetual or indefinite in length, though in some cases may be contingent on some guaranteed occurrence.

(law, idiomatic) The lease under which that estate in land is held.


statutory instrument

statutory instrument (plural statutory instruments)

delegated legislation
delegated legislation

(UK, Ireland, Canada, Australia, law) In some common law jurisdictions, a form of delegated legislation enacted under a power derived from an act of parliament.


legal notice

(Hong Kong, law) In some common law jurisdictions, a form of delegated legislation enacted under a power derived from an enactment.


heartbeat bill

(US, law) A form of abortion restriction legislation which makes abortion illegal as soon as the fetal heartbeat can be detected.


return fraud

(law) The act of defrauding a retail store by means of the return process.


FYLSE

(law) Initialism of First-Year Law Students' Examination.


baby bar

(law, slang) The First-Year Law Students' Examination (FYLSE), taken by certain law students in California.


color of authority

(Canada, US law) The claimed legitimization of a person's acts by his/her role as an agent of governmental power.


color of office

(US law) The appearance of authority under which a public official acts.


color of title

(US law) The situation where a claim to title in real estate appears valid but may be legally defective.


Mexican divorce

Mexican divorce (plural Mexican divorces)

(law, historical, sociology) An easier, quicker, and less expensive form of divorce than a divorce in most US states, sought by some Americans.


pro eo quod

Borrowed from Latin prō eō quod (literally “for this, that”).


unrebuildable

en-adj

unrebuildable (comparative more unrebuildable, superlative most unrebuildable)

more unrebuildable (comparative)
most unrebuildable (superlative)

A Kentucky salvage certificate of title may be issued from an out-of-state junking certificate or other ownership document bearing a designation of "junk," "unrebuildable,” or other similar classification that disqualifies the vehicle from being titled for use on the highway in that state with the following provisions:

1969, Absalom Crosem Russell, Ray Corns, Baldwin's Kentucky Revised Statutes, with Rules of Practice, page 45:

Just as far as when a vehicle is determined unrebuildable and salvage, basically it is good for parts only.

2006, United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Commerce, Trade, and Consumer Protection, Car Title Fraud, page 134:

These are the same vehicles that are not allowed on the road in the U.. but they bring the cars here and fix them back to about 85% of their original state. The U.S. calls these vehicles salvage vehicles and unrebuildable title cars and they can only be shipped out of the country or used for parts.

2011, Julian Pedican, Progress: Answers and Solutions for a More Progressive Bahamas, page 47:

(law, automotive) Unable to be made roadworthy; legally usable for parts or scrap only.


effluxion of time

[...] we often fail to make sufficient allowance for the changes in standards brought about by the effluxion of time.

1944 March and April, Cecil J. Allen, “British Locomotive Practice and Performance”, in Railway Magazine, page 89:

(law, formal, idiomatic) The determination of a term of years due to the passage of time, rather than the occurrence of a specific event.


term of years absolute

en-noun

term of years absolute (plural terms of years absolute)

(law, England and Wales, formal, misleading) An estate in land held for a term of years of either a specified length or on a periodic basis, and which is not a term of years determinable (though may be determinable for other reasons); a leasehold estate in land.

(law, England and Wales, idiomatic) The lease under which that estate in land is held.


term of years determinable

term of years determinable (plural terms of years determinable)

(law, England and Wales, formal, historical) An estate in land held for a term of years which determined on the deaths of certain individuals, or the cessation of certain life interests.

(law, England and Wales, idiomatic, historical) The lease under which that estate in land was held.


interest in land

interest in land (plural interests in land)

(law) A proprietary interest (such as ownership, a right or some other benefit) in relation to some land, which may be held in gross or appurtenant to some other interest.


UUW

(law, US) Initialism of unlawful use of weapon.


financial agreement

financial agreement (plural financial agreements)

contractual agreement
contractual agreement

(finance, law) A contractual agreement relating to finance.


legal agreement

legal agreement (plural legal agreements)

(law) An agreement that is legally binding on the parties in some way.


contractual agreement

contractual agreement (plural contractual agreements)

(law) A legal agreement containing a contract.


MOWP

making off without payment
making off without payment#English

(law, UK) Acronym of making off without payment.


make off without payment

en-verb

make off without payment (third-person singular simple present makes off without payment, present participle making off without payment, simple past and past participle made off without payment)

makes off without payment (present singular third-person)
making off without payment (participle present)
made off without payment (participle past)
made off without payment (past)

making off without payment
making off without payment

(UK, law, formal) To commit the criminal offence of making off without payment.


making off without payment

en-noun

making off without payment (uncountable)

(UK, law, formal) The criminal offence of bilking.


alter or change

en-verb

alter or change (third-person singular simple present alters or changes, present participle altering or changing, simple past and past participle altered or changed)

alters or changes (present singular third-person)
altering or changing (participle present singular third-person)
altered or changed (participle past present singular third-person)
altered or changed (past present singular third-person)

[…] or if at any time the common published council shall deem it expedient to alter or change any such grade in whole or in part, it shall be the duty of the commissioner of public works to give notice of such application or intention […]

1882, New York (State), New York City Consolidation Act of 1882: An Act to Consolidate Into One Act and to Declare the Special and Local Laws Affecting Public Interests in the City of New York, Being Chapter 410 of the Laws of 1882, page 655

[…] then any person aggrieved or desiring to alter or change said by-road may apply in writing to three of the chosen freeholders of the county nearest to the said by-road, to lay out, alter or change the said road, […]

1896, New Jersey, General Statutes of New Jersey, page 2827:

Every railroad company in this state, may, by the vote of two-thirds of all its directors, alter or change the route or any portion of the route of its railroad, […]

1919, Wisconsin Statutes, Wisconsin: Legislative Reference Bureau, page 1543:


T&Cs

terms and conditions
terms and conditions#English

(law) Abbreviation of terms and conditions.


headlease

(property law) A lease to a landlord or lessor; commonly from the perspective of a sublease to that lease.


head lease

(property law) Alternative form of headlease.


underleaser

(property law, informal) Synonym of sublessor.


head landlord

superior landlord
superior landlord#English

(property law, uncommon) Synonym of superior landlord.


superior landlord

en-noun

superior landlord (plural superior landlords)

(property law) The landlord of a headlease, from the perspective of an underlease to that lease.


head tenant

(property law) The tenant of a headlease, who in turn is landlord to subtenants.


superior tenant

superior tenant (plural superior tenants)


subsublease

(property law) Synonym of subunderlease.


subsublessee

(property law) Synonym of subundertenant.


subundertenant

(property law) A tenant of a subunderlease; someone leasing a piece of property from a tenant who is subleasing from a tenant who is in turn leasing it from a landlord.


subsublessor

(property law) Synonym of subunderlessor.


subunderlease

(property law) A lease subunderlet by a subtenant to a subundertenant; a third-order lease.


subsublet

en-verb

subsublet (third-person singular simple present subsublets, present participle subsubletting, simple past and past participle subsublet)

subsublets (present singular third-person)
subsubletting (participle present)
subsublet (participle past)
subsublet (past)


subunderlessor

(property law) A subtenant that grants a subunderlease; one who subunderlets.


subunderlet

subunderlet (third-person singular simple present subunderlets, present participle subunderletting, simple past and past participle subunderlet)

subunderlets (present singular third-person)
subunderletting (participle present)
subunderlet (participle past)
subunderlet (past)

(transitive, property law) To grant a subunderlease out of property held under a sublease.


farm business tenancy

en-noun

farm business tenancy (plural farm business tenancies)

Coined by the Parliament of the United Kingdom in 1995 in the Agricultural Tenancies Act 1995.

coinage

(property law, England and Wales) An agricultural tenancy agreed on or after 1 September 1995, made under the Agricultural Tenancies Act 1995.


full agricultural tenancy

en-noun

full agricultural tenancy (countable and uncountable, plural full agricultural tenancies)

(property law, England and Wales) An agricultural tenancy agreed before 1 September 1995, to which the Agricultural Holdings Act 1986 applies.


1986 Act tenancy

1986 Act tenancy (plural 1986 Act tenancies)

full agricultural tenancy
full agricultural tenancy#English

(property law, England and Wales) Synonym of full agricultural tenancy.


Agricultural Holdings Act tenancy

Agricultural Holdings Act tenancy (plural Agricultural Holdings Act tenancies)

Agricultural Holdings Act tenancies (plural)


sub-subunderlease

(property law) A lease sub-subunderlet by a subundertenant to a sub-subundertenant.


feu duty

feu duty (usually uncountable, plural feu duties)

(Scotland, property law, historical) Money payable by the tenant of a feu to the feudal superior.


UCTA

Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977
w:Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977

(UK, law) Acronym of Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977.


FSMA

w:Financial Services and Markets Act 2000

(UK, law) Acronym of Financial Services and Markets Act 2000.


Schedule

(law, formal) Alternative letter-case form of schedule, commonly used in legislation and legal documents.


title plan

(property law, England and Wales) A plan issued by HM Land Registry that accompanies a title register, showing the extent of the legal title described in that register, and sometimes other interests in land that affect the title.


Consolidated Fund Act

Consolidated Fund Act (plural Consolidated Fund Acts)

(UK, law) A stock short title used for an Act of Parliament that authorises HM Treasury to issue funds out of the consolidated fund.


Appropriation Act

Appropriation Act (plural Appropriation Acts)

(UK, law) A stock short title used for an Act of Parliament that authorises HM Treasury to issue funds out of the consolidated fund, and which also appropriates those funds for particular use.


collective title

collective title (plural collective titles)

(law, UK, Ireland, formerly Hong Kong) A title given to a collection of related acts (or other pieces of legislation) to facilitate citation.

Offences against the State Acts 1939–1998


long title

(law, Commonwealth, US, Philippines) The formal, official title of an act (or other piece of legislation); such titles are rarely (if ever) used in practice, and in some cases consist of hundreds of words.

Foreign Interference (Countermeasures) Act 2021


Representation of the People Act

Representation of the People Act (plural Representation of the People Acts)

Representation of the People Acts (plural)

(law, Commonwealth) A stock short title used for legislation relating to the electoral system.


Representation of the People Acts

Representation of the People Act#United Kingdom

Representation of the People Act
Representation of the People Act

(law, UK) A collective title for a particular collection of Acts of Parliament of the United Kingdom relating to the electoral system; not merely equivalent to every Representation of the People Act.


CIPA

(US, law, Internet) Acronym of Children's Internet Protection Act.


market overt

Learned borrowing from Law French market overt, a calque of Anglo-Norman marché ouvert (“open market”).

calque

(law, England and Wales, historical) A rule in English law that overrode the general rule that the purported sale of stolen goods would not transfer ownership, if the goods were openly sold at a designated market between sunrise and sunset.

Sale of Goods (Amendment) Act 1994
market overt


Companies Act

(law, Commonwealth) A stock short title used for legislation relating to companies.


letter of wishes

en-noun

letter of wishes (plural letters of wishes)

(law) A letter from a settlor to their trustees or a testator to their executors containing non-binding instructions.


airworthiness directive

airworthiness directive (plural airworthiness directives)

(aviation, law) A regulation issued by the civil aviation authority of a country or region, generally in response to the discovery of an unsafe condition affecting particular aircraft, requiring that certain actions (such as specified modifications or enhanced maintenance or inspection requirements) be performed on these aircraft in order for them to remain legally airworthy.


GDL

Graduate Diploma in Law
w:Graduate Diploma in Law

(law, England and Wales) Initialism of Graduate Diploma in Law.


LPMPA

w:Law of Property (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1989

(property law, England and Wales) Initialism of Law of Property (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1989.


nawm

NHS Redress (Wales) Measure 2008 (2008 nawm 1)

(UK, law, in citation) Measure of the National Assembly for Wales; a type of legislation passed by the (then) National Assembly for Wales - now the Senedd - between 2008 and 2011; still used despite the change of name.


ꝓchein

Abbreviation of prochein, using the orthographic borrowing from Medieval Latin ꝓ- as a substitution for pro-.

obor

(law, obsolete) Scribal abbreviation of prochein.


nobile officium

(law) The equitable jurisdiction of the Supreme Courts of Scotland.


transferred intent

(law) The situation where, when the intention to harm one party inadvertently causes a second party to be harmed instead, the perpetrator is still held responsible.


hustlement

en-noun

hustlement (countable and uncountable, plural hustlements)

From Middle English ostelment, borrowed from Old French ostillement, ultimately from Vulgar Latin *usitilium, from neuter plural *usitilia, from Latin utensilia (“utensils”).

Theye haue allso abundaunce of bed coueryngs in their houses, and of all other wollen stuffe. They haue greate store of all hustlements and implements of houshold.

1567, John Fortescue, chapter 36, in Robert Mulcaster, transl., A Learned Commendation of the Politique Lawes of Englande, London: Richard Tottel:

the minute Bodies and smallest sort of Creatures about us, which have been by them [the ancients] but sleightly and perfunctorily described, as being the disregarded pieces and huslement of the Creation

1664, Henry Power, Experimental Philosophy, London: John Martin and James Allestry, Preface:

(UK, Yorkshire, US, Virginia, law, obsolete) Miscellaneous household items; odds and ends.


aggravating circumstance

aggravating circumstance (plural aggravating circumstances)

(law, or general usage, chiefly in the plural) A factor that increases the culpability or deleterious consequences of a wrongful act.

verzwarende omstandigheid

a factor that increases the culpability or deleterious consequences of a wrongful act


professional secrecy

All medical men recognize the binding character of the obligation of professional secrecy.

1936, George W. Jacoby, Physician, Pastor and Patient: Problems in Pastoral Medicine, page 332:

All pieces of information handed over confidentially shall be covered by the professional secrecy which must be respected unless the person(s) involved explicitly authorize(s) the journalist to quote his (their) name(s) or information has been provided by a person who knew it was untrue and who, in one way or antoher, misused the good faith of the journalist.

1989, Kaarle Nordenstreng, Hifzi Topuz, Journalist: Status, Rights and Responsibilities:

Since this provision does not lift bankers' professional secrecy and does not imply an obligation to institute an inquiry it does not ensure that complete information is obtained.

1989, Paul Joan George Kapteyn, Pieter Verloren van Themaat, Laurence William Gormley, Introduction to the Law of the European Communities, page 464:

This requires that a therapist carefully maintains professional secrecy, be truly concerned for the patient, be prompt in appointments, and be reasonably available for consultation.

2006, Benedict M. Ashley, Health Care Ethics, page 151:

The minister is bound to professional secrecy, in such a case, of course, like the lawyer or physician.

2006, John Williamson Nevin, Sam Hamstra, The Reformed Pastor, page 71:

In Norway, legal professional secrecy is regarded as a fundamental guarantee of the rule of law promoting the interests of the client, respect for the administration of justice and the laws of society.

2013, Professional Secrecy of Lawyers in Europe, page 393:

(law) The legal protection of confidentiality for disclosures made to certain professionals by their clients.


legal capacity

(law) Capacity of a person to make binding amendments to their rights, duties and obligations, such as getting married or merging, entering into contracts, making gifts, or writing a valid will.


ingrossment

ingrossment (countable and uncountable, plural ingrossments)

(UK, historical, law) Prior to the abolition of inrollment in 1849, the act of preparing a parliamentary bill for royal assent by entering it onto a roll, incorporating any amendments.


bifurcated divorce

bifurcated divorce (plural bifurcated divorces)

(law) A divorce in which the issue of marital status is handled separately from any other issues such as division of property.


escheatery

/ɪsˈt͡ʃiːtəɹi/

A calque from Middle English or Anglo-Norman escheterie; equivalent to escheat + -ery.

Thomas Singleton, bailiff of the escheatery of the town of Lancaster, rendered account in 1441 of £8 4s. 7d. due from ancient rents and various burgages and plats of land which had escheated to the king as duke from various causes.

1914, “Lonsdale Hundred (North of the Sands)”, in William Farrer, J. Brownbill, editors, Victoria History of the County of Lancaster, volume 8, Constable and Company, page 39:

Most importantly, the administrative “experiments” of the Despensers—the home staple, escheatery restructuring, and the designation of “chamber lands”—were brought to an end or modified.

2008 October 27, J. S. Bothwell, “The More Things Change: Isabella and Mortimer, Edward III, and the Painful Delay of a Royal Majority (1327-1330)”, in Charles Beem, editor, The Royal Minorities of Medieval and Early Modern England, Palgrave Macmillan US, →ISBN, page 85:

In view of Clement’s advanced age and busy legal practice, the demands of the escheatery must have been onerous for him.

2014, Christopher Starr, “Escheator”, in Medieval Lawyer: Clement Spice of Essex, Essex Society for Archaeology and History, →ISBN, page 85:

(England and Wales law, historical and rare) The medieval English governmental office that recorded escheated property.


utrubi

(law, historical) In Ancient Roman law, a kind of interdict relating to disputes of possession over movable property.


expeditation

expeditation (countable and uncountable, plural expeditations)

(UK, obsolete, transitive, law, forest law) The process of expeditating.


trespass on the case

trespass on the case (countable and uncountable, plural trespasses on the case)

(law) A catch-all tort from English common law, involving trespass against anything else other than an individual which may be actionable.


legal gender

(law) Person's sex or gender which is recognized under the law.


hearsay evidence

(law) In a legal forum, testimony which is from an under-oath witness who is reciting an out-of-court statement, the content of which is being offered to prove the truth of the matter asserted.


circumstantial evidence

(law) Evidence that relies on an inference to connect it to a conclusion of fact.


specific performance

(law) A legal remedy in which the court orders a party to perform a specific act, such as fulfilling the terms of a contract.


ex testamento

And even if the legatee had purchased such bequeathed property of another, he might recover the value ex testamento.

1840, Arthur Browne, A Compendious View of the Civil Law, and of the Law of the Admiralty, page 300:

To the first ordinance was added that it should apply when the mother inherited ex testamento

1883, Ferdinand Mackeldey, Moses Aaron Dropsie, Handbook of the Roman Law - Volumes 1-2, page 441:

If in 1903 the survivor passed ownership, the children would have to pay transfer duty, because it was not ex testamento.

1916, Alexander Fraser Russell, Gerard Molyneux Swift, Reginald Craufurd Streeten, The South African Law Reports. Appellate Division, page 67:

[…] distinction between trusts inter vivos and trusts ex testamento

1976, The Law of South Africa - Volume 31:

Later putting on a gladiatorial display in memory of someone, provided it was ex testamento, was a way around the lex Tullia de ambitu ( see above on 31.6-7 ) .

1985, Quintus Asconius Pedianus, Bruce A. Marshall, A Historical Commentary on Asconius, page 301:


pregnant denial

pregnant denial (plural pregnant denials)


affirmative pregnant

affirmative pregnant (plural affirmatives pregnant)

(law) An affirmative statement which implies or does not preclude a corresponding negative statement which might favor the adverse party.


Rogers test

In reference to the legal case of Rogers v. Grimaldi.

(US, law) A legal test that is used to determine whether the use of a celebrity's name in the title of a creative work infringes on that celebrity's trademark rights.


ULC

unlimited liability corporation
unlimited liability corporation#English

(Canada, taxation, business, law) Initialism of unlimited liability corporation.


IT law

IT law (countable and uncountable, plural IT laws)

information technology
information technology

information technology law
information technology law

(law) Law as it relates to information technology, including computing and the internet, information technology law.


POCSO

It is argued that the petitioner and the victim were good friends and the petitioner who is a minor had no intention to kidnap the minor victim or commit any sexual offence envisaged under the POCSO Act. Further, it is said the POCSO act is not intended to bring within its ambit the romantic relationship between adolescents or teenagers.

2022 April 25, Mustafa Plumber, “Can POCSO Case Against Minor Be Quashed On Parties Arriving At A Mutual Settlement? Karnataka High Court To Consider”, in LiveLaw.in:

(India, law) Acronym of Protection of Children from Sexual Offences, an Act.


veredictum

From Latin veredictum. Doublet of verdict.

It was an improvement on this ancient cuſtom, that the jurators were named by the court instead of being selected by the parties. It was a further progreſs towards our preſent mode of jury, that the jurators were to hear the ſtatements of both parties before they gave their deciding veredictum, or oath of the truth.

1805, Sharon Turner, “The Trial by Jury”, in The History of the Manners, Landed Property, Government, Laws, Poetry, Literature, Religion, and Language, of the Anglo-Saxons, London: […] Longman, Hurst, Rees, and Orme, book V (The History of the Laws of the Anglo-Saxons), page 342:

The fact that the Surrey veredicta are uncancelled, and indeed their very survival, can doubtless be explained by the suspension of the eyre in June 1294, when consideration of the crown pleas had barely begun;

1982, Public Record Office Handbooks, page 35:

None of the original veredicta survive for this eyre, but one of the best surviving examples, and the only one so far to be printed, comes from the Wiltshire eyre which began in the southern eyre circuit at Wilton on the same day as the 1281 Derbyshire eyre began at Derb, and which provides a valuable insight into the nature and contents of the lost Derbyshire veredicta.

2000, Aileen Hopkinson, editor, The Rolls of the 1281 Derbyshire Eyre, Derbyshire Record Society, →ISBN, page xvi:

(historical, law) A written document in Old English law detailing the facts presented as true at a trial.


trigger law

(politics, law) A law which is not active until a particular event comes to pass, converting the inactive law into an active law on the books.

An unenforceable law which awaits conditions that allow its enforcement to come to pass and then automatically comes active on the books.


cofeoffee

From Middle English cofeffe, cofeoffe, confeoffe, equivalent to co- + feoffee.

[…] that then ſuch and ſo many of the ſaid twelue Cofeoffees aforenamed, which ſhal ſo depart away forth of the ſaid towne of C. and inhabite ⁊ dwell in any other place, ſhall not […] take, receiue, or diſpoſe, any of the rents, iſſues, or profits of the ſaid tenements ⁊ premiſſes: […]

1615, William West, The First Part of Simboleography. […], London: […] Companie of Stationers, page 249:

But where the Lands of any Cofeoffee are omitted, there ſuch Perſon, whoſe Lands are extended, muſt bring his Audita Qeurela againſt the Conuſee, and ſuch Cofeoffee; […]

a. 1726, Lord Chief Baron Gilbert [i.e., Jeffrey Gilbert], The Law of Executions. […], London: […] W. Owen […], published 1763, page 45:

The other acts of this reign that are at all of a juridical nature, are the following: one was to declare that wherever the king was co-feoffee of lands to the use of the feoffer, the land should be in the co-feoffees; which was to prevent the conclusion of law that would give, in such case, the whole to the kind: another required a certain qualification of property in jurors who served in the sherrif's tourn.

1869, [John Reeves], chapter XXIV, in W[illiam] [Francis] Finlason, editor, Reeves' History of the English Law, […], Vol. III. From the Reign of Edward IV to the Reign of Elizabeth, London: Reeves & Turner […], page 16:

He [John Broke] last appears as an attorney in 1400, though afterwards, for nearly ten years, he was frequently named as cofeoffee in Hartfield hundred.

1974, Eleanor Searle, Lordship and Community: Battle Abbey and Its Banlieu, 1066-1538, Toronto, O.N.: Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies, →ISBN, page 422:

(law, historical) A joint feoffee; one of a group of individuals jointly holding a fief.


MSJ

summary judgment
summary judgment#English

(law) Initialism of motion for summary judgment.


three-strikes law

three-strikes law (plural three-strikes laws)

See three strikes and you're out § Etymology.

(US, New Zealand, law) A criminal-sentencing structure under which the third conviction results in a mandatory life sentence.


subsidiary legislation

subsidiary legislation (usually uncountable, plural subsidiary legislations)

secondary legislation
secondary legislation#English

(law, Hong Kong, Singapore) Synonym of secondary legislation


Magic Circle

(UK, law, informal) Collectively, the five most prestigious London-headquartered multinational law firms: Allen & Overy, Clifford Chance, Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer, Linklaters, and Slaughter and May.


SCOTUK

Supreme Court of the United Kingdom
w:Supreme Court of the United Kingdom

(UK, law) Initialism of Supreme Court of the United Kingdom.


UKSC

UK Supreme Court
w:Supreme Court of the United Kingdom

(UK, law) Initialism of UK Supreme Court.


SRA

Solicitors Regulation Authority
w:Solicitors Regulation Authority

(England and Wales, law) Initialism of Solicitors Regulation Authority.


BSB

Bar Standards Board
w:Bar Standards Board

(England and Wales, law) Initialism of Bar Standards Board.


CCPA

California Consumer Privacy Act
w:California Consumer Privacy Act

(law) Initialism of California Consumer Privacy Act.


innocent passage

(law, nautical) The passage of civilian vessels through the territorial and archipelagic waters of foreign states without interference, subject to good behavior on the part of the vessels and their crews.


PQE

(UK, law) Initialism of post-qualified experience.


criminal offense

criminal offense (plural criminal offenses)

(law) (This entry is a translation hub.)

rikosnimike

criminal offense as a juridical concept; the name or title of a criminal offense as used and described in law


Obergefell

en-proper-noun

Obergefell (countable and uncountable, plural Obergefells)

/ˈoʊbərɡəˌfɛl/

(US, law, sexuality, US politics, informal, uncountable) Ellipsis of Obergefell v. Hodges. A 2015 U.S. Supreme Court ruling that legalized same-sex marriage; and reaffirmed the existence of a right to privacy under due process following the 14th Amendment.


unenumerated right

en-noun

unenumerated right (plural unenumerated rights)

Coordinate term: enumerated right

(law, politics) A legal right which is not explicitly stated, coded, written in laws or constitutions; which may be inferred to exist from other rights, or inferred from traditions that have been canonized in law court rulings.


RvW

United States Supreme Court
w:United States Supreme Court

(US, law) Initialism of Roe v. Wade; a landmark decision of the United States Supreme Court.


parent trigger

(US, education, law) A legal maneuver through which parents can change the administration of a poorly performing public school, most notably by transforming it into a charter school.


mutual combat

mutual combat (countable and uncountable, plural mutual combats)

(law) An incident of multiple assaults and batteries on all sides between involved parties which does not rise to the level of felonious assault or battery, or serious bodily harm, where parties involved are determined to have voluntarily entered into the affray and hence no criminal charges result, in relation to the assaults and batteries.


fully committed

(law) Committed to a prison for trial, as opposed to being detained for examination.


contratabular

First, the so-called 'contratabular' possession, given to children who are merely passed over in the will.

1889, John Baron Moyle, The Institutes of Justinian, page 126:

(law) Going against the terms of an instrument.


phrogging

(slang, criminology) The act of secretly living in another person’s home without authorization.


phrog

(slang, criminology) A person who secretly lives in another’s home without authorization.


boyfriend loophole

(US, law) A gap in American gun legislation that allows access to guns by physically abusive ex-boyfriends and stalkers with previous convictions or restraining orders—while individuals who have been convicted of, or are under a restraining order for, domestic violence are prohibited from owning a firearm, the prohibition only applies if the victim was the perpetrator's spouse or cohabitant, or if the perpetrator had a child with the victim.


opinion privilege

An additional First Amendment defense available to bulletin board posters is that of the opinion privilege.

2007, Brett J. Trout, Cyber Law: A Legal Arsenal for Online Business, page 77:

Yet another possible approach for those who seek a broader opinion privilege would be to encourage courts to recraft the fair comment and privilege defense for modern times.

2015, William A. Babcock, William H. Freivogel, The SAGE Guide to Key Issues in Mass Media Ethics and Law:

(US, law) The right to freely express one's opinion in public, without it being subjected to restrictions.


youthful offender

youthful offender (plural youthful offenders)

(law) A juvenile offender whose crime is sufficiently serious that they can be sentenced as an adult.


employment tribunal

employment tribunal (plural employment tribunals)

From employment + tribunal. Coined by the Parliament of the United Kingdom in 1998 in the Employment Rights (Dispute Resolution) Act 1998; replacing the former term industrial tribunal.

ref

Although the principal English and Welsh act is the Employment Tribunals Act 1996, its former name was the Industrial Tribunals Act 1996 until 1998.

court of first instance
court of first instance

(law, England and Wales) A tribunal with jurisdiction to hear disputes related to employment (such as unfair dismissal); the mandatory court of first instance in such claims.


English and Welsh

(UK, law) Of or pertaining to England and Wales (the jurisdiction covering England and Wales, which share a legal system).


English and Welsh law

(UK, law) Synonym of English law (“common law legal system of England and Wales”).


copyright troll

en-noun

copyright troll (plural copyright trolls)

(patent law, derogatory) A person or company that enforces copyrights that it holds for purposes of generating income through strategic litigation, in a manner considered unduly aggressive or opportunistic.


trademark troll

trademark troll (plural trademark trolls)

(patent law, derogatory) An entity that registers a trademark without intending to use it and who then threatens to sue others who use that mark.


preterintentional

/ˌpɹiː.təɹˌɪnˈtɛnʃənəl/

The number of intentional homicides and preterintentional homicides reported are^([sic]) available for 1900-1939 and 1946-47.

1953, Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons, Parliamentary Papers, volume 7, page 355:

(law) Of a crime: more serious than the lesser crime that the perpetrator intended to commit instead.


LBC

letter before claim
letter before claim#English

(law, England and Wales) Initialism of letter before claim.


Senior Counsel

head

Senior Counsel (plural Senior Counsel or Senior Counsels, abbreviation SC)

Senior Counsel (plural)
Senior Counsels (plural)
SC (abbreviation)

The two Senior Counsels, who were very familiar with each other, were addressing one another as ‘Mister’, while I was addressing both by their Christian names.

2013, Peter Quinn, “Becoming a Target”, in The Outsider, Lucan, Dublin: Irish Sports Publishing, →ISBN, page 187:

He’s a deputy director of public prosecutions, one of only three Senior Counsel in his division, with an office on the sixth floor of the Innes Court building on Pritchard Street in downtown Johannesburg.

2016, Alex Eliseev, chapter 28, in Cold Case Confession: Unravelling the Betty Ketani Murder, Johannesburg: Pan Macmillan South Africa, →ISBN, page 149:

(Ireland, Hong Kong, Commonwealth outside of the realm, law) An honorific status officially conferred on senior or meritorious barristers (and occasionally other kinds of lawyer).


NPJ

(Hong Kong, law) Initialism of non-permanent judge. (of the Court of Final Appeal)


Wednesbury unreasonableness

Wednesbury unreasonable
Wednesbury unreasonable

(law) The property of being Wednesbury unreasonable.


Wednesbury unreasonable

en-adj

Wednesbury unreasonable (not comparable)

From Wednesbury + unreasonable. Wednesbury refers to the case of Associated Provincial Picture Houses Ltd. v Wednesbury Corporation, in which the Court of Appeal of England and Wales refused to quash a decision by the Wednesbury Corporation to ban children under 15 from entering cinemas on Sundays, and laid down in what cases courts could quash unreasonable administrative decisions.

(law) In judicial reviews of administrative decisions: being unreasonable to the extent that no reasonable person or authority would make such a decision.

Associated Provincial Picture Houses Ltd v Wednesbury Corp


quarter session

en-noun

quarter session (plural quarter sessions)

(historical, law) A local court traditionally held at four set times each year in the Kingdom of England from 1388, and later in Wales, Scotland, Ireland, and various other dominions of the British Empire.


dischargeant

Every charge and discharge shall be verified by the affidavit of the chargeant and dischargeant respectively, unless the Court shall otherwise allow.

1904, Great Britain, Statutory Rules and Orders Other Than Those of a Local, Personal, Or Temporary Character, page 557:

(Ireland, law, possibly obsolete) The person who is called on to discharge a charge placed by the chargeant.


PoCC

prisoners of conscience
prisoner of conscience#English

(law, politics, law enforcement, incarceration) Abbreviation of prisoners of conscience committee.


nonfeasant

(law) Relating to, or committing, nonfeasance; failing to fulfil an official or legal duty.


nonfeasor

(law) A person who commits nonfeasance; one who fails to fulfil an official or legal duty.


nondemise

the nondemise charter of a boat

(law, attributive) Lack of demise; not formally transferring ownership.


quiritary

(law, historical) Belonging to the Quirites, or citizens of early Rome; applied to the right of mancipatio granted to these people.


urradhus

(law, historical) Designating minor laws in ancient Ireland which could be administered by nobles and magistrates, as opposed to those laws of universal application which could be administered only by duly qualified judges.


orfgild

Coordinate term: wergeld

(law, historical) A delivery or restitution of cattle; compensation for the loss of cattle.


on all counts

A generalization of the legal phrase for when a defendant is found guilty or innocent on every count (charge) in a court case.

“Guilty, on all counts,” the foreman of the jury read.

2013, Gary Mercer, Guilty On All Counts:

(law) Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see all, count.


IHL

(law) Initialism of international humanitarian law.


novative

[…] the extinction of the Private Agreement is the legal consequence of the novative effects of its incorporation into a different agreement having radically different subjects and objects.

1999, Cairo A. R. Robb, Daniel L. Bethlehem, James Crawford, International Environmental Law Reports, volume 1, page 465:


stayable

SUITS. When stayable by injunction

1838, Thomas Cooper, David James McCord, The Statutes at Large of South Carolina: Acts from 1716 to 1752, page 813:

Miscellaneous stayable actions

1970, United States Code Annotated, page 43:


arbitrary and capricious

en-adj

arbitrary and capricious (not comparable)

(law) Describing the action of committing a deed according to one's will or caprice and therefore implying a notion of a tendency to abuse the possession of power.


direct intent

Coordinate term: oblique intent

(law) In criminal law, an intent where someone seeks a particular consequence to occur and commits a crime in order to achieve it.


oblique intent

Coordinate term: direct intent

(law) In criminal law, an intent where the event is a natural consequence of a voluntary act and is foreseen as such.


OTSC

order to show cause
order to show cause#English

(law) Initialism of order to show cause.


unappealability

(law) The quality or state of being unappealable.


Palko test

From the 1937 case of Palko v. Connecticut.

The Palko''' test was stated and has heretofore been taken as a definition (of questionable contemporary vitality) of due process generally, not of privacy.

1994, Jules L. Coleman, Anthony James Sebok, Constitutional Law and Its Interpretation, page 231:

Moreover, the court determined that, even under a Palko''' test, the right to privacy in Montana includes consensual same-sex relations when it stated: […]

2000, Kentucky Law Journal, volume 89, page 1176:

If it did, however, then why did the 1997 Glucksberg case invoke the earlier Palko''' test from 1937, conjoined with the Moore test from 1977, instead of the Duncan test from 1968?

2009, New Mexico Law Review, volume 39, numbers 1-2, page 213:

(law, US) A judicial test as to whether a US state is bound by the United States Bill of Rights in relation to a specific right claimed by the plaintiff, hinging on whether the due process clauses of the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments to the US Constitution override the immunity which ordinarily applies to states; specifically, the right in question must be "of the very essence of a scheme of ordered liberty" and "deeply rooted in [American] history and tradition" in order to qualify.


legal sex

(law) Person's sex or gender which is recognized under the law.


legal system

(law) The process by which a governing body enforces the law and legal procedures.


conduct money

en-noun

conduct money (countable and uncountable, plural conduct moneys)

(law) Money that is paid in some legal systems to an individual under the compulsion of a summons to witness (subpoena) to pay for their expenses to attend in court.

證人酬金

money paid to an individual to attend court

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ancillary relief

(law, historical) In English law, financial relief applied for after the presentation of a petition for divorce, annulment of marriage, or legal separation.