no-fault divorce

no-fault divorce (countable and uncountable, plural no-fault divorces)

(law, countable) A divorce requested simply because of the breakdown of the marriage, without the requirement to prove a fault on the part of one of the spouses.

無過錯離婚

divorce requested because of marriage breakdown

(law, uncountable) Law permitting this type of divorce.


mort d'ancestor

From Anglo-Norman mordauncestre, from Old French mort d'ancestre (“death of ancestor”).

der

If the abatement happened upon the death of the demandant’s father or mother, brother or sister, uncle or aunt, nephew or niece, the remedy is by an assize of mort d’ancestor, or the death of one’s ancestor.

1768, William Blackstone, chapter 10, in Commentaries on the Laws of England, book III (Of Private Wrongs), Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 185:

(law, obsolete) A case or writ relating to the recovery of an inherited estate that has been taken or occupied by another party following the death of a relative.


mortdancester

By the Statute of Gloucester, made 6 Edw. 1. whereas before Damages were not awarded in a Mortdancester, (k) (unless upon a Recovery against the chief Lord) (l) they shall be awarded in all Cases where a Man recovers in a Mortdancester: (m) So in Cosinage, Ayel, and Besaiel.

1713, Knightley D'Anvers, A General Abridgment of the Common Law […] , volume 2, page 457:

(law, obsolete) Alternative form of mort d'ancestor


on the merits

(chiefly US, law) Referring to a judgment, decision, or ruling of a court whose decision rests upon the law as it applies to the particular evidence and facts presented in the case.


Chapter 7

(US, finance, law) A type of bankruptcy code that governs the process of liquidation under the bankruptcy laws of the United States, conferring protection from creditors.


bankruptcy order

en-noun

bankruptcy order (plural bankruptcy orders)

(finance, law) An order issued by a court which confirms that an individual is officially declared bankrupt.


equiparation

equiparation (countable and uncountable, plural equiparations)

Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin aequiparātiō, from aequiparō (“put on a level with, compare”) + -tiō (noun suffix), from aequus (“equal”) + parō (“place”). Equivalent to equiparate + -ion.

af

Lucas de Penna, by his quid pro quo method, thus arrived at an equiparation not only of Prince and bishop as the grooms of realm and diocese, but also of Prince and Christ.

1965, Ernst Kantorowicz, The King’s Two Bodies: A Study in Medieval Political Theology, page 216:

One wonders whether such equiparations are sound. […] Essence and end cannot be identified, and one has to be careful how one connects them.

1998, Cormac Burke, “Married Personalism and the ‘Good of the Spouses’”, in Angelicum, →JSTOR, page 256:

(chiefly historical, law, philosophy) The transfer or imputation of attributes from one object or concept to another; the drawing of an equivalence between them.


no one should be judge in his own cause

Calque of Latin nēmō dēbet esse jūdex in propriā causā.

calque

(law) One ought not be permitted to decide a case in which one has an interest.


footgeld

(law, historical) An amercement imposed for failure to expeditate a dog.


postglossator

It would seem uncontroversial in an age of humanist philology to claim that the Corpus Juris Civilis in its pristine form and with its historical sense restored to it would be more authoritative than first the gloss, second the postglossators’ additions to the gloss, and finally the elucubrations of subsequent generations of jurists on the postglossators’ additions.

1992, Ian Maclean, Interpretation and Meaning in the Renaissance: The Case of Law, →ISBN, page 94:

(historical, law) A legal scholar of the late Middle Ages, in the period after the glossators; a commentator.


contra proferentem

(law) A doctrine of contractual interpretation providing that, where a term is ambiguous, the preferred meaning should be the one that works against the interests of the party who provided the wording.


threshold of originality

en-noun

threshold of originality (plural thresholds of originality)

(copyright law) A threshold of creativity and originality that has to be met in order for a work to be considered a work of art and thus copyrightable.


child abuser

(criminology) A person guilty of child abuse; someone who has abused a minor.


hold harmless

a hold harmless clause

The first is a hold harmless agreement—a legal contract that limits or transfers liabilities between two parties. Like insurance, you usually have to make a hold harmless agreement before a liability occurs.

2001, It's All Your Fault!, Silver Lake Pub., →ISBN, page 253:

An authority tow law described under Virginia Statute Section 46.2-1212.1, entitled "Authority to provide for removal and disposition of vehicles and cargos of vehicles involved in accidents," contains a hold harmless provision under Part B of the law.

2003, Walter M. Dunn, Steven P. Latoski, National Cooperative Highway Research Program, Safe and Quick Clearance of Traffic Incidents, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, →ISBN, page 3-:

The indemnify language is the "indemnity clause" (covering liabilities to third parties) and the hold harmless is the "exculpatory clause" (releasing first-party liability—this is, so that the hold harmless phrase releases a wrongdoing indemnitee where indemnify would not have this effect).

2011, Bryan A. Garner, Garner's Dictionary of Legal Usage, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 445:

(law) Describing an agreement or contract where one party assumes all liability resulting from it, thus making the agreement "harmless" for the other party.


student driver

(law, automotive) A person who has not yet earned a driver's licence, and until then is permitted to drive only a marked car with a licensed driving instructor in the passenger seat.


JWROS

The vast majority of banks set up all of their joint accounts as "Joint with Rights of Survivorship" (JWROS).

2018 December 5, The Trouble with Joint Bank Accounts 'Just in Case', kiplinger.com (retrieved 24 Nov 2022)

You can own assets jointly with rights of survivorship (JWROS). At the death of one joint owner, the assets go to the survivor.

2019 February 7, What is Probate and Should You Avoid It? Part I, Downs Law Firm (retrieved 24 Nov 2022)

(law) Initialism of Joint with Rights of Survivorship. Indicating that a property is owned by two or more individuals, usually in equal portions, and that, on the death of one individual, the property will continue to be owned by the surviving individual(s).


GLO

(law) Initialism of group litigation order.


lord paramount

(law, historical) A lord holding land under allodial title and owing no rent or feudal obligations to another.

(law, historical, inexact) Synonym of overlord: any superior lord.


chief lord

Forinsec, or Extrinsec, or Regal Service, was a Service which did not belong to the chief Lord, but to the King.

1728, E. Chambers, Cyclopaedia, Service:

Chief lord, the feudal lord, or lord of an honour on whom others depend.

1771, Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1st ed., Vol. II, p. 183

land-male, a reserved rent charged upon a piece of land by the chief lord of the fee, or a subsequent mesne owner.

1857, Thomas Wright, Dictionary of Obsolete and Provincial English:

Most feudal obligations were owed to the chief lord of the estate, but others were owed only and directly to the king of the realm.

(law, historical) Synonym of overlord: the lord of a fee immediately owed personal service or rent by a tenant, a tenant's liege lord.


lord mesne

(law, historical) Alternative form of mesne lord


gersum

From Middle English gersom, gersum, from Old English gærsum, gersum, gærsuma, from Old Norse gersemi, gørsemi (“treasure”), from gerr, gǫrr (“ready”) + -semi (“-ness”), with the ending assimilated to native -sum. Compare garrison.

[…]but now it paieth ſeauentie pounds by weight to the King, and an hundred ſhillings for a *Gerſume to the Queene;

1610, William Camden, “Northfolke”, in Philémon Holland, transl., Britain, or A Chorographicall Description of the Most Flourishing Kingdomes, England, Scotland, and Ireland, […], London: […] [Eliot’s Court Press for] Georgii Bishop & Ioannis Norton, →OCLC, page 474:

Otherwise, the gersum was in ready money, and the bulk of the rent in uncoined silver.

1858, James A. Morgan, “III: Money, Rent, and Agricultural Affairs”, in England under the Norman Occupation, London: Williams & Norgate, →OCLC, page 47:

In the latter sample, there are two joint grants, plus one made with the wife's consent. In two more , a gersum rendered to the wife is sole evidence of her participation.

1996, Emma Mason, “Donors of Westminster Abbey Charters”, in Westminster Abbey and its people, c.1050-c.1216, Woodbridge, Suffolk: Boydell Press, →ISBN, page 315:

(law, historical) A lump sum paid by individuals who take a lease of landed property in England.


drugged driving

Drugged driving deaths in Wisconsin have increased nearly 200 percent over the past ten years.[…]Help prevent drugged driving and let's achieve zero preventable deaths on Wisconsin roadways.

2016, Wisconsin Dept of Justice, “Drugged Driving”, in YouTube:

driving under the influence
driving under the influence

(law, automotive) The act of driving under the influence of mind-altering drugs (excluding alcohol).


fair comment

(law) A common law defense in defamation cases, allowing the expression of robust or outrageous opinions about public figures and public officials, if the statements are not made with spite or intent to harm.


license laundering

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-license laundering.wav

(Wikimedia jargon, copyright law) The replacement of the license of a copyrighted creative work with a different license, for which the copyright holder has not given their permission.


incommunicate

8.22 Incommunicate principal : the solution . Draft section 163G would apply to a power of attorney if the principal became incommunicate. The difficulty is that the defect which prevents him from controlling his attorney also prevents him from applying to the Court, yet does not, or at least may not, amount to mental illness […]

Under the Conveyancing Act 1919 ( NSW ) the term "incommunicate" is defined as follows:
 "incommunicate", in relation to a person, means under such a handicap of body or mind, by way of coma or paralysis or otherwise, whether or not induced by any drug [...], that he is unable to receive communications respecting his property or affairs, or to express his will [...].
[...] Judicial control in New South Wales over the operation of a power of attorney executed by a donor who subsequently becomes incommunicate, is the same as that exercisable over a protected power of attorney [...]

1992, Berna Collier, Shannon Lindsay, Powers of Attorney in Australia and New Zealand, Federation Press, →ISBN, page 229:

(law, uncommon) Incapable of communicating or being communicated with.


deeder

From deed + -er. Compare Saterland Frisian Däider (“perpetrator”), West Frisian dieder (“perpetrator”), Dutch dader (“doer, perpetrator”), German Täter (“perpetrator, culprit”).

cog

At the same time appellee rescinded the sale of the land and surrendered the notes to Skains and leased the land to him for the benefit of the joint deeders.

1892, Reports of Cases Argued and Decided in the Supreme Court of Texas:

It would give the deeders and their heirs an opportunity to reclaim and recover the property, should they desire to do so, and as Crescent Park is an exceptionally valuable piece of property to the City at this time, […]

1912, Proceedings of the Common Council of the City of Schenectady:

(law) One who establishes or executes a legal deed.


in executivis

en-adv

in executivis (comparative more in executivis, superlative most in executivis)

more in executivis (comparative)
most in executivis (superlative)

The President has the power to veto legislation in executivis.

(law, rare) Of or relating to the actions made by those in positions of authority; in the exercise of executive power.


pie crust lease

en-noun

pie crust lease (plural pie crust leases)

From pie crust + lease, in reference to the lease only including the topmost layer of the land. Coined due to the fact that estates in land include the subsurface by default.

(England and Wales, law) A lease for the surface of some land or structure (such as a bridge), which excludes the subsurface or land beneath.


conusance

conusance (countable and uncountable, plural conusances)


false arrest

false arrest (countable and uncountable, plural false arrests)

(law) The act of holding someone in custody without reasonable grounds.


spider in the web doctrine

(patent law) A doctrine in Dutch patent law governing cross-border injunctions in patent infringement cases, according to which the Dutch courts assume jurisdiction only in cases where the main defendant (the "spider") is located in the Netherlands and where the other defendants are part of a group of companies and act based on a common business policy of this group (the "web"), regardless of the nation in which the disputed patent was issued.


law of majestas

law of majestas (plural laws of majestas)

(law, historical) Any of several Ancient Roman laws of the Republican and Imperial periods that dealt with crimes against the Roman people, state, or emperor.


Texas two-step

This is called the “Texas two-step.” In its extreme form it sounds like very bad cheating: You can’t really put all the liabilities and none of the money in the box; that is just a way to defraud victims, and surely they’d find a way to do something about it. But a milder form of the Texas Two-Step is that you put the liabilities in the box, put the box in bankruptcy, but have the parent company guarantee its product liabilities.

Levin, Matt (2023 February 1) “Johnson & Johnson’s Bankruptcy Didn’t Work”, in Money Stuff, Bloomberg

(law, business) A two-step bankruptcy strategy under US bankruptcy law in which a solvent parent company spins-off liabilities into a new company, and then has that new company declare bankruptcy.


SOLAS

(nautical, law) Acronym of Safety of Life at Sea.. An international convention on maritime safety standards.


metaright

(philosophy, law) A right regarding the creation, assertion or enforcement of another right.


legitimate interest

legitimate interest (plural legitimate interests)

(law) A type of legal right protected under Italian law in addition to subjective rights that confers legitimacy to certain administrative powers.

The legitimate interest, also know as the 'balance of interest clause' allows a relatively mroe flexible area (when compared with the other bases of legitimation) within which data controllers can process data lawfully.

2022, Noah Vardi, Creditworthiness and 'Responsible Credit':, page 122:

(law) A type of clause included in some contracts to allow access to private data.


voluntary jurisdiction

(law) Legal authority granted without the need for litigation, such as the receiving of probate from a will.


extreme risk law

extreme risk law (plural extreme risk laws)

Extreme risk laws allow a family member, law enforcement, or other key individuals as allowed by each state to present evidence to a civil court judge that an individual is a risk to themselves or others.

2022 April 23, “What Are Extreme Risk Laws?”, in Brady:

(law, politics, neologism) Synonym of red flag law


extreme risk protection order

extreme risk protection order (plural extreme risk protection orders)

Extreme risk protection order (ERPO) laws, sometimes known as gun violence restraining order or "red-flag" laws, are risk-based, temporary, and preemptive protective orders that authorize the removal of firearms from individuals determined to be at risk for committing gun violence against others or themselves. With ERPO laws in place, law enforcement, family members, or medical professionals can petition a court to temporarily restrict a person's access to firearms if they believe that person is at risk of hurting him or herself or others.

2023 January 10, “The Effects of Extreme Risk Protection Orders”, in RAND Corporation:

(law, government, politics, neologism) A court order issued upon petition of a law enforcement officer, family member, or household member that temporarily removes access to firearms from a person shown to be a danger to himself or herself or to others.


signaletics

(criminology, historical) The Bertillon system of anthropometry.


juridification

(law) Increase in legislation and legal controls replacing practices and norms.


Gladue factor

From R v Gladue (1999), a Supreme Court of Canada case concerning the sentencing of Indigenous offenders.

(Canada, law) A factor relating to the impact of colonialism and other forms of racist disadvantage upon an Indigenous offender, taken into consideration when passing sentence.


Gladue report

(Canada, law) A report prepared prior to the sentencing of an Indigenous person convicted of a crime, which provides background as to how the person and their community have been affected by colonialism and the relationship between this and the person's offending.


nonsecurities

Hence, the demand schedule for loanable funds to invest in nonsecurities is inelastic.

1950, Edward Stone Shaw, Money, Income, and Monetary Policy, page 321:

Over time, extensive narrative information on disciplinary actions for violations of securities and nonsecurities-related laws has been added to the system.

1997, United States Senate Committee on Governmental Affairs, Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations, Fraud in the Micro-capital Markets Including Penny Stock Fraud, page 304:

Affiliates of securities, futures, and insurance firms that market nonsecurities or nonfutures OTC derivatives are not directly regulated by SEC or CFTC.

1998, Cecile O. Trop, Thomas J. McCool, OTC Derivatives: Additional Oversight Could Reduce Costly Sales Practice Disputes, page 54:

The securities laws and nonsecurities laws of the states are established and amended by each state's law-making body and governor.

2011, Patrick S. Collins, Regulation of Securities, Markets, and Transactions: A Guide to the New Environment, page 228:

(law) Not being or pertaining to securities, as a financial instrument.


natural life sentence

natural life sentence (plural natural life sentences)

Justice Kennedy's opinion toyed with the notion that for adolescents, a natural life sentence is on the same proportionality plane as a death sentence.

2016, Peter Hodgkinson, The International Library of Essays on Capital Punishment, volume 1, Routledge, →ISBN:

(law) A life sentence without the possibility of parole, commutation, etc.


SOIA

Security of Information Act
w:Security of Information Act

(Canadian politics, law) Initialism of Security of Information Act.


blasphemous libel

blasphemous libel (countable and uncountable, plural blasphemous libels)

(law, chiefly historical) The legal offence of publishing material that exposes the Christian religion to scurrility, vilification, ridicule, and contempt.


ac etiam

Borrowed from Latin ac etiam (“and also”). First attested in 1717.

bor+

(law) Used to introduce the statement of the real cause of action, in those cases where it was necessary to allege a fictitious one.


on the stand

(law) testifying at a trial; speaking as a witness during a court case


compulsory acquisition

(law, Australia, New Zealand) The power of a state to expropriate private land within its jurisdiction for public use.

onteigening

government's right to expropriate private land

expropriation pour cause d’utilité publique


conusee

But where the Lands of any Cofeoffee are omitted, there ſuch Perſon, whoſe Lands are extended, muſt bring his Audita Qeurela againſt the Conuſee, and ſuch Cofeoffee; […]

a. 1726, Lord Chief Baron Gilbert [i.e., Jeffrey Gilbert], The Law of Executions. […], London: […] W. Owen […], published 1763, page 45:

(law, archaic) Synonym of cognizee (“one to whom a fine of land was acknowledged”).


alternate juror

en-noun

alternate juror (plural alternate jurors)

(law) A backup juror, who listens to proceedings but does not participate in deliberations unless another juror is unable to do so.


NYSD

w:en:United States District Court for the Southern District of New York

(US, law) Initialism of New York Southern District.; the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York.


trans panic defense

trans panic defense (plural trans panic defenses)

The “trans panic defense” is an outgrowth of the “gay panic defense” that was first articulated by Edward J. Kempf, a clinical psychiatrist who wished to identify a particular mental disorder related to homosexuality.

2022, Loren Cannon, The Politicization of Trans Identity, page 99:

(informal, law) A claim of self-defense against an unwanted transgender sexual advance.


freedom of establishment

(EU law) The right accorded to all EU citizens and organizations to set up and pursue economic activity in any member country of the EU without any limitations that do not apply to citizens of that country.


mootie

As a former Mootie in the 8th moot and an avid supporter, coach and arbitrator since, I am honoured to contribute to this celebration of Professor Bergsten and hope that the entirety of this Liber Amicorum underscores the utmost admiration and tremendous respect […]

2011, Mariel Dimsey, “Consequences of Avoidance under the CISG”, in S. Kröll, L.A. Mistelis, P. Perales Viscasillas, V. Rogers, editors, International Arbitration and International Commercial Law: Synergy, Convergence and Evolution [Liber Amicorum Eric Bergsten], Alphen aan den Rijn: Wolters Kluwer, →ISBN, page 525:

(informal, law) A participant in a moot court competition.


Bangemann wave

Suggested by Martin Bangemann (1934–2022), German politician and Commissioner for the Internal Market and Industrial Affairs in the European Commission (1989–1995), in 1992.

Thanks to one of the European Union's more risible compromises, all we need do when crossing into most Continental countries is to effect the Bangemann Wave, which consists of placing one hand in a pocket, pulling out a passport and wiggling it momentarily before striding on towards the next airport exit. The Bangemann Wave was named after Martin Bangemann, […]

1997 December 28, Quentin Letts, “Bring back border controls!”, in The Sunday Telegraph, page 19:

The idea, widely reported in the press as the ‘Bangemann wave’, entailed that EC nationals entering the UK would not be subject to thorough checks, but walk-through passport control holding up their passports or national identity cards and showing it to the British authorities.

2007 April, Ruben Zaiotti, “Revisiting Schengen: Europe and the Emergence of a New Culture of Border Control”, in Perspectives on European Politics and Society, volume 8, number 1, →DOI, pages 47–48:

(law, historical) A former method of simplified border control for citizens of the European Communities (and the European Union) at the external frontiers of the Schengen Area (i.e. the borders of the United Kingdom and Ireland), implemented in 1993, which consists of passengers presenting, or waving, their unopened passports or national identity cards to authorities.


equality money

(UK, property law) Money paid as part of an exchange of real estate to compensate for any difference in value.


marriage value

(UK, property law) The difference in value between a leasehold interest in land and the hypothetical value of its reversionary interest were the leasehold to be determined, which typically increases as the leasehold draws towards its end; frequently considered the market value chargeable to the tenant for a long extension of the leasehold, or for the purchase of the reversionary interest.


DDJ

deputy district judge
deputy district judge#English

(law, Hong Kong, England, Wales) Abbreviation of deputy district judge.


grievor

(Canada, law, human resources) One who submits a grievance.


estatification

It would solve many difficulties of legal theory, including that of the corporation sole and the one-man company, if in some circumstances thought were directed more to the estatification of interests and less to the incorporation[…]

1921, Frederick Pollock, The Law Quarterly Review, page 167:

[see title]

1930, Harold Chaloner Dowdall, Estatification: The Legal and Polit. Problem of Corporate Unity Psychologically Regarded:

The structural result of this process will be an "estatification." The concrete interests of many persons, thus integrated, is an “estate." It will be seen that applied to the corporation this view regards the shareholders as[…]

(law, uncommon) The integration of separate properties into one estate.


full faith and credit

(law) An obligation under the United States Constitution for each state to recognize the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of other states.


indict a ham sandwich

en-verb

indict a ham sandwich (third-person singular simple present indicts a ham sandwich, present participle indicting a ham sandwich, simple past and past participle indicted a ham sandwich)

indicts a ham sandwich (present singular third-person)
indicting a ham sandwich (participle present)
indicted a ham sandwich (participle past)
indicted a ham sandwich (past)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-indict a ham sandwich.wav

That one-sided arrangement often leads defense lawyers to minimize indictments and argue that prosecutors could persuade jurors to “indict a ham sandwich,” a proverbial phrase that former Vice President Mike Pence used on CNN Thursday night.

2023 March 31, Maria Cramer, “Here’s how indictments work in the United States’ legal system”, in The New York Times:

When asked in an interview Thursday with ABC13 if she was worried about being indicted herself, Hidalgo responded "I don't know how far this is going to go and it's very easy if you present one-sided facts to a grand jury. Everybody knows that a grand jury can indict a ham sandwich if that's all they see."

2022 April 14, Ariana Garcia, “Harris Co. Judge Lina Hidalgo on staff indictments: 'A grand jury can indict a ham sandwich”, in Chron:

(chiefly US, law, hyperbolic) To charge (someone) with a crime with ease, despite the innocence of the accused party, a lack of evidence to secure an indictment, etc.


conveyee

Now, I hold that the devolvee is an heir of entail, and that he is not a direct conveyee of the entailer.

1847, Scotland. Court of Session, Second Series. Cases Decided in the Court of Session..., page 1183:

(law) One to whom a title is transferred by conveyance.


devolvee

(law) One to whom a right is transferred by devolution.


furthcoming

en-noun

furthcoming (countable and uncountable, plural furthcomings)

(law) In Scots law, an action initiated by a creditor in order to release funds owed by the debtor in a case of arrestment.


SGO

(law) Initialism of Special Guardianship Order.


quare impedit

From Latin [Term?] (literally “why he hinders”), from the words of the ancient writ that started the proceeding until the 19th century.

bor

(law, historical) A writ in English law commencing a common-law action for deciding a disputed right of presentation to a benefice, a right known as an advowson.


trespass to chattels

Relying on the allegations detailed above, Glacier claimed that the Union intentionally destroyed the company’s concrete and that this conduct amounted to common law conversion and trespass to chattels.

2023, Glacier Northwest, Inc. v. Teamsters (U.S. Supreme Court No. 21–1449), Majority opinion

(law) The tort of intentionally interfering with another person's lawful possession of a chattel (movable personal property).


ingress, egress, and regress

It had ever been the custom of the family, and by length of time was almost become a matter of common right, that the eldest son of it should have free ingress, egress, and regress into foreign parts before marriage—not only for the sake of bettering his own private parts, by the benefit of exercise and change of so much air—but simply for the mere delectation of his fancy, by the feather put into his cap, of having been abroad—tantum valet, my father would say, quantum sonat.

1759–1767, [Laurence Sterne], The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman, volume (please specify |volume=I to IX), London: […] T. Becket and P. A. Dehondt, […]:

(property law, of a property or land) The right to enter, leave, and reenter.


single justice procedure

en-noun

single justice procedure (plural single justice procedures)

(UK, law) The situation where a magistrate decides a minor criminal case (such as driving without insurance, or TV licence evasion) without taking it to court.


e.o.h.p.

(law) Abbreviation of except as otherwise herein provided.


trademark infringement

trademark infringement (plural trademark infringements)

copyright infringement
copyright infringement#English

(copyright law) Alternative form of copyright infringement


trademark dilution

trademark dilution (plural trademark dilutions)

(copyright law) The use of an image, sign, expression, etc. sufficiently close to one that is trademarked that it causes confusion ("blurs") about or brings disrepute ("tarnishes") to the trademarked item.


hekesh

One SCJ commentator said how he felt that the custom of kissing the mezzuzah was something that should be banned as being too close to avodah zarah. (and he made a hekesh to the nachash nechoshet)

1992 September 8, Yechezkal Shimon Gutfreund, “Not a Charm?”, in soc.culture.jewish (Usenet):

He regarded the hekesh as the equivalent of an explicitly written teaching.

1995 June 6, Avi Sion, Judaic Logic: A Formal Analysis of Biblical, Talmudic and Rabbinic Logic, Avi Sion, →ISBN, page 150:

Talmudic tradition (Shabbat 92a) connects them with a hekesh, teaching that both reached full stature: “Just as the mishkan was ten cubits tall, so too the altar was ten cubits tall.”

2006, Abraham Isaac Kook, Gold from the Land of Israel, Chanan Morrison, →ISBN, page 150:

(Jewish law) Application of a stated law to an unstated but analogous case.


misreturn

The certiorari for bringing the trial into the superior court of criminal jurisprudence, it was contended had not been directed to the person who had the prisoner in custody – it was also argued, that there had been a misreturn, and a discontinuance of the prosecution, which rendered the procedure on it by the Judges illegal.

1788, Walker's Hibernian Magazine, page 109:

If a venire is awarded to the coroners, and returned by two of them only, whereas at the time of the award and return thereof there were two more, this is only a misreturn, and aided.

1807, Matthew Bacon, Sir Henry Gwillim ·, New Abridgment of the Law - Volume 3, page 774:

We can not, therefore, avoid the conclusion that a return was made of the service of the writ, and from this it results that this was an insufficient or misreturn, which is amendable.

1881, The American Decisions, Containing All the Cases of General Value and Authority Decided in the Courts of the Several States:

In Goodwin v. Montenaigh (1601), the Court held that where tales were awarded in a case to be tried per medietatem linguae, aliens and denizens should be returned and identified, to maintain the quality of the original panel. Since such identification had not occurred, the judgment was stayed at the defendant's request, and a misreturn declared. Upon presentation of an affidavit that six aliens and six denizens were sworn, however, the plaintiff had judgment without a new trial (for the Court had declared a misreturn and not an arrested judgment).

1994, Marianne Constable, The Law of the Other, page 139:

(law) The return of a process or other document that was done improperly.


hush clause

(law) A legal clause that prevents somebody from saying something about a certain topic, person, or organization.


EEO

equal employment opportunity
w:equal employment opportunity

(business, law) Initialism of equal employment opportunity.


suretor

Judgments obtained in the Provincial Courts, like judgments of the other Courts of the Province, were subject to a stay of execution for six months, provided the debtor furnished two sufficient suretors, who confessed judgment for the debt and costs.

1913, James Walter Thomas, Chronicles of Colonial Maryland: With Illustrations, The Eddy Press Corporation, page 142:

If the court will not allow a bond signed by the defendant, suggest relatives as suretors.

1995, Stephen Hrones, Catherine C. Czar, Criminal Practice Handbook, The Michie Company, →ISBN, page 25:

The plaintiff suing on his own behalf is ordered to provide a suretor who should remain until the end of the trial, as in C 23 q.5 c. 19.

2016, Bruce C. Brasington, “The Ordo Bambergensis”, in Order in the Court: Medieval Procedural Treatises in Translation, Leiden, Boston, Mass.: Brill, →ISBN, section “Concerning Sureties (Cap. x)”, page 228:

(law) Synonym of surety (“one who undertakes to pay money or perform other acts in the event that his principal fails therein”).


circuit split

The existence of a circuit split is one of the factors that the Supreme Court considers when deciding whether to grant review of a case.

(law) In United States federal courts, the situation where two or more circuit courts provide conflicting rulings on the same legal issue.


eidut

The reasons for women's exclusion from eidut have expired now that women occupy secular positions of great responsibility and are no longer influenced by their husbands in public matters in the way they once were.

1999 October 22, j e rosenbaum, “Orthodox Institute Holds Graduation Ceremony for Female Rabbis”, in soc.culture.jewish (Usenet):

A person may not give eidut against themselves in a beit din.

2000 October 3, Lisa Beth, “Lieberman and Chillul Hashem”, in soc.culture.jewish (Usenet):

(Jewish law) testimony attesting to having witnessed the commission of the offense.


laesio enormis

(law) A legal doctrine that gives a contracting party the ability to rescind an agreement if the price of exchange is less than a certain proportion of its actual value.


extraordinary session

extraordinary session (plural extraordinary sessions)


special session

special session (plural special sessions)

(law) A session in which lawmakers are convened outside of the normal legislative session, usually for the purpose of addressing an emergency or to complete a pressing task that was left unfinished during the normal session.


death by misadventure

death by misadventure (countable and uncountable, plural deaths by misadventure)

(UK law) An accidental death not caused by any violation of law or criminal negligence, but by a risk taken voluntarily.

riskikäyttäytymisen aiheuttama tapaturmainen kuolema

śmierć na skutek nieszczęśliwego wypadku


consensus ad idem

Borrowed from New Latin consensus ad idem (“agreement to the same thing”). In English, first attested in 1864.

bor

From my reading, the courts originally decided in Lynn's favour because the two parties did not have "consensus ad idem." That is that there wasn't a common understanding.

2006 September 8, Mike Taylor, “Letter to Rotary Club”, in The Globe and Mail, Toronto, O.N.: The Woodbridge Company, published 2006, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-07-19:

(law) Agreement about the terms and subject matter of a contract between all involved parties.


NPE

Therefore, arguably, the existence of NPEs helps facilitate and regulate supply and demand.

2019, Ben Depoorter, Peter Menell, David Schwartz, editors, Research Handbook on the Economics of Intellectual Property Law, Edward Elgar Publishing, →ISBN, page 454:

(copyright law) Initialism of non-practicing entity.


trust law

(law) A body of law regulating the legal instrument for holding wealth known as a trust.


felony murder rule

en-noun

felony murder rule (plural felony murder rules)

(law) A legal doctrine according to which when someone is killed (regardless of intent) in the commission of a felony, the offender (as well as his accomplices or co-conspirators) are guilty of murder.


hindering impediment

hindering impediment (plural hindering impediments)

(Christianity, law) An impediment to marriage that is impedient, i.e. serves to make the marriage illicit but valid.


SSPL

Server Side Public License
w:Server Side Public License

(computing, copyright law) Initialism of Server Side Public License.


OPCA

Term and abbreviation coined by Justice John D. Rooke of the Court of Queen's Bench of Alberta in Meads v. Meads 2012 ABQB 571 (2012).

(law) Acronym of Organized Pseudolegal Commercial Arguments. - legal classification of widespread pseudolegal arguments and practices, pseudolaw.


defined term

If I have correctly interpreted the intention underlying this Amendment, I do not think that it is necessary. The only thing it appears to add to the Bill as drafted is to put an outright ban on terms closely resembling a defined term, if they are introduced into common use after the definition order has been made.

1966 February 24, Lord Rhodes, “Protection of Consumers (Trade Descriptions) Bill”, in parliamentary debates (House of Lords), volume 273 (5th series), column 416:

(law) A term in a legal document that has been given a specific definition, which overrides the general meaning of the term in the context of that document.


service media

(law) Equipment, structures or machinery used for the supply of a service (“utility provided on a continuous basis, such as water supply”).


sub modo

(law) Subject to a modification or qualification.


several fishery

several fishery (plural several fisheries)

(law) A site where a person has an exclusive right of fishery, whether on his/her own property or another person's.


attachment of earnings

attachment of earnings (countable and uncountable, plural attachments of earnings)

Attachment of earnings is administered by the county courts; the procedure can be used for High Court judgments, but they must be transferred to the county court for the purpose.

1989, J. R. Spencer, editor, Jackson’s Machinery of Justice, →ISBN, page 88:

(law) A legal process by which a creditor may take funds directly from the debtor’s wages.


testamenti factio

From Latin testāmentī factiō (“right of participating in a will”).

bor

(Roman law) The legal capacity to participate in a testamentum (will), be it as a testator, a heres (heir), or a signator (witness).

(more fully “active testamenti factio”) The legal capacity to compose a testamentum as a testator, available to any Roman citizen sui juris who had attained puberty (i.e. males of fourteen years or older and females of twelve years or older).

It is clear as has been said above, that the primary purpose of fideicommissa was the making of gifts by will to persons who had not testamenti factio with the testator.

1912, William Warwick Buckland, Elementary Principles of the Roman Private Law, Cambridge: at the University Press, § 81: “Fideicommissa”, page 174:

(more fully “passive testamenti factio”) The legal capacity to receive a legatum (bequest) as a heres, unavailable to unenlisted peregrini (foreigners and Roman free provincial subjects) or, following the Lex Junia Norbana of AD 19, to Latini Juniani (freedmen whose manumissions had failed to satisfy the conditions of the Lex Aelia Sentia of AD 4).

The legal capacity to witness a testamentum as a signator, unavailable to women.


ad vitam aut culpam

(law) For life or fault: a kind of appointment or tenure in Scotland.


identity restoration

(law) The restoration of an individual's previous identity, credit score, etc. after harm done by identity theft.


Jordan's Principle

It was established in response to the death of Jordan River Anderson, a child from Norway House Cree Nation who suffered from Carey Fineman Ziter syndrome.

(Canada, law) The principle that the government or department that first receives a request to pay for a service must pay for the service and resolve jurisdictional issues only thereafter.


EUPL

European Union Public License
w:European Union Public License

(computing, copyright law) Initialism of European Union Public License.


parajudicial

Finally, the court has found it possible to allocate numerous semi-judicial functions to parajudicial personnel for preliminary performance without diminishing quality of final product.

1977, Thomas G. Gee, “The Imminent Destruction of the Fifth Circuit; or, How Not to Deal with a Blossoming Docket”, in Texas Tech Law Review, volume 9, Texas Tech University School of Law, page 799:

Providing parajudicial assistance to lighten judges' administrative workloads also would be inconsistent with increased judicial compensation.

1974 December, James G. France, “The Williamsburg Consensus Revisited”, in William & Mary Law Review, volume 16, number 2, William & Mary Law School, page 238:

(law) Of or relating to non-judicial personnel who assist judges in carrying out their function, such as law clerks.


aforerehearsed

(law) Rehearsed (spoken out loud) previously.


aforerecited

(law) Recited (spoken out loud) previously.


aforegranted

He held up his hand for silence. Carefully unfolded a piece of yellowed parchment, motes of dust filtering into the air. "Listen, my friends, to the proof: […] To have and to hold the aforegranted and bargained premises, with all the privileges and appurtenances thereof, to the said Demosthenes Kalandropolis' heirs and assigns forever.

1986, Gladys Swan, Carnival for the Gods, New York, N.Y.: Vintage Books, →ISBN, page 173:

(law) Granted previously (in the document).


compound larceny

Coordinate term: simple larceny

(law) The stealing of something directly from a person or from their house.


mechanic's lien

en-noun

mechanic's lien (plural mechanic's liens)

(law) A security interest in the title to property for the benefit of those who have supplied labor or materials that improve the property.


vag-lewd

Plead guilty—that was the standard advice from police and lawyers to defendants who were arrested on "vag-lewd" charges, even though the vice police enticed the advances, or even participated fully in the sex that resulted.

2005 July 18, Leslie Feinberg, “1952: Mattachine battles police harassment”, in Workers World:

(law, informal, now historical) Vagrancy and lewdness; loitering for the purpose of publicly soliciting sex.


disgorgeable

There is no suggestion that the defendant has necessarily acted wrongfully, nor that he should be compensated for the total amount of his loss. Rather we are looking at a judicial solution to problems where loss must be distributed, and no disgorgeable benefit is being conferred.

2007, Andrew Burrows, Ewan McKendrick, James Edelman, editors, Cases and Materials on the Law of Restitution, second edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire, New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 106:

The mere fact the third party is allowed to prove that point, and so reduce or eliminate the disgorgeable profit, is generous enough.

2017, Simone Degeling, Jason NE Varuhas, editors, Equitable Compensation and Disgorgement of Profit, London: Hart Publishing, →ISBN, unnumbered page:

(law) Able to be disgorged (surrendered or given up).


maternity test

(law, genetics) A test designed to determine the biological relationship between an alleged mother and a child.


agreement as to succession

agreement as to succession (plural agreements as to succession)

(law) An agreement about which government's succession regulation applies when a party dies.


sakin-deh

Borrowed from Hindi साकिन देह (sākin deh).

bor+

(India, law, revenue) inhabitant of the village (in discussion or formerly mentioned)


sakin mauza

Borrowed from Hindi साकिन मौज़ा (sākin mauzā).

(India, law, revenue) resident of the village (in discussion or formerly mentioned)


A&S

Gay men are arrested on sex charges much more often than gay women are. The usual charge is A.&S.

1974 April 6, Satya, “Gays In Prisons”, in Gay Community News, page 5:

(law) Initialism of accosting and soliciting.


emptio venditio

(law) A contract of sale in Roman law, deriving its force from the consent of the parties.


mental cruelty

(law) Behavior over an extended period of time that causes emotional suffering, distinct from physical abuse.


makewhole

a makewhole remedy

(law) Serving to make whole; providing compensation for a loss.


swollen assets theory

en-noun

swollen assets theory (plural swollen assets theories)

(law) The legal theory that it is possible to trace a claimant's money to the defendant's general assets without identifying a specific asset which is the claimant's property.


writ of attachment

writ of attachment (plural writs of attachment)

Writ of attachment of contempt against an attorney, with note

1799, John Wentworth, A Complete System of Pleading, J. Moore, page 126:

Such knowledge was evidenced by the affidavit attached to the complaint to be delivered to the Marshal's office with the writ of attachment.

2006, Robert Force, Y. N. Yiannopoulos, Martin Davies, Admiralty and Maritime Law, volume 2, Beard Books, →ISBN, page 235:


Shine the Light Law

(law) A Californian privacy law that requires companies to disclose upon request what personal information they have shared about an individual, and with which third parties.


mistrade

mistrade (countable and uncountable, plural mistrades)

The proposed rule change would also add language that would make it clear that the party responsible for a mistrade would be required to report to the OOM Help Desk the details of any transactions conducted pursuant to Part A or B of the Error Trade Policy that occurred outside of the OneChicago system.

2007, “Security Exchange Act of 1934: Release No. 34-5964; File No. SR-OC-2007001; June 26, 2007, Self-Regulatory Organizations; OneChicago, LLC; Notice of Filing and Immediate Effectiveness of a Proposed Rule Change Relating to Nullification Policy for Error Trades and Mistrades”, in SEC Docket, volume 90, number 3, page 2600:

With the rise of electronic trading, such 'error trades' or 'mistrades' have turned out to be a major regulatory challenge, even long before the 'flash crash' (2010). In Germany, the handling of mistrades belongs to the few trading details that retail investors care about and that, as a consequence, marketplaces use to differentiate their trading systems from the competition.

2015, Niamh Moloney, Eilís Ferran, Jennifer Payne, The Oxford Handbook of Financial Regulation, page 612:

The difference between a mistrade and an erroneous trade confirmation is that with a mistrade, the trader agreed to trade at an off-market price.

2021, Alexander During, Fixed Income Trading and Risk Management, page 98:

(law) A trade that is made at an obviously incorrect price; or the act of making such trades.


economic substance

(US, economics, law) A substantial purpose (aside from reduction of tax liability) and an economic effect (aside from the tax effect), which a transaction must have in order to qualify for any tax benefits.


rent review

(property law) A reevaluation and adjustment of the rent to be paid under a lease.


certworthiness

On August 7, 2023 — 17 days after Ms. Vitagliano filed her petition for certiorari—the County of Westchester repealed the eight-foot floating-bubble zone in section 425.31(i), apparently in an attempt to moot the case or create a vehicle problem that would counsel against certiorari.... But none of the County’s post-filing maneuvering affects the certworthiness of the petition or the jurisdiction of this Court to review the constitutionality of section 425.31(i).

2023, Vitagliano v. County of Westchester, Brief of Texas Right to Life and America First Legal Foundation as amici curiae

(law) The quality of being worthy of being granted a writ of certiorari.


turn square corners

en-verb

turn square corners (third-person singular simple present turns square corners, present participle turning square corners, simple past and past participle turned square corners)

turns square corners (present singular third-person)
turning square corners (participle present)
turned square corners (participle past)
turned square corners (past)

In this case, the law’s terms ensure that, when the federal government seeks a procedural advantage against an individual, it will at least supply him with a single and reasonably comprehensive statement of the nature of the proceedings against him. If men must turn square corners when they deal with the government, it cannot be too much to expect the government to turn square corners when it deals with them.

2020, Niz-Chavez v. Garland (U.S. Supreme Court No. 19–863), Justice Gorsuch majority opinion

(law) To navigate through difficult regulatory or procedural requirements; to jump through hoops.


family reunification

en-noun

family reunification (plural family reunifications)

(law) The bringing together of family members so that they can live in the same country.


wolf's head

“Bonny times,” he said, “I have lived to see, when a lad of Earl Oslac’s blood is sent out of the land, a beggar and a wolf’s head, for playing a boy’s trick or two, and upsetting a shaveling priest.”.

1866, Charles Kingsley, Hereward the Wake, London: Nelson, page 48:

(UK, obsolete, law) In mediaeval times, an outlaw; one who may be slain without judicial enquiry.


foundational witness

foundational witness (plural foundational witnesses)

(law) A witness who testifies to the relevance and accuracy of a piece of evidence.


Durham rule

After the case of Durham v. United States (1954).

(law) A rule in a criminal case by which a jury may determine a defendant not guilty by reason of insanity because a criminal act was the product of a mental disease.


string citation

string citation (plural string citations)

(law) A long list of multiple legal authorities (typically precedential cases) that are cited together to support a single legal proposition.


cestui que use

(law) A person for whose use land, etc., is granted to another.


felony murder

felony murder (countable and uncountable, plural felony murders)

(law) The act of committing or abetting a crime that results in the killing of a person, regardless of intent, and even if the committer or abettor is not the one who killed the person.


follow-home

(law, criminology) Referring to a crime in which the perpetrator follows the victim to their place of residence.


builder's remedy

(law, construction) A legal mechanism in the United States where, if a municipality fails to comply with state laws regarding the development of new housing, a developer can bypass or ignore certain zoning laws and begin construction in an expedited manner, or can use other legal remedies.


NCRMD

Another myth about NCRMD is that the defence is most commonly used in cases of homicide or other serious violent offences. But comprehensive research across Canada has shown that less than 10 per cent of NCRMD cases involve serious violence, and in many of those assaults and homicides, the victim was a relative or close associate of the patient, with strangers being only very rarely the targets of such serious violence. And living with the knowledge of what one has done is, for many people found NCRMD, a strong motivation to continue to participate in treatment, thus reducing the risk of future harms.

2019 July 19, Patrick Baillie, “Not criminally responsible, and mental illness: The myths around both put everyone at risk”, in The Globe and Mail, Toronto, ON: The Woodbridge Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-08-10:

If a person is found NCRMD, they are referred to a provincial review board which oversees their psychiatric care in order to make a determination on if and when they can be released into the community.

2020 November 10, Jason Proctor, “Man convicted of stabbing B.C. teen to death claims 'demon' voices told him to 'kill, kill, kill'”, in CBC News, archived from the original on 2023-06-01:

(Canada, law) Initialism of not criminally responsible on account of mental disorder.


neutral citation

neutral citation (plural neutral citations)

(law, common law jurisdictions) a citation of a case that is independent of any case reporters.


oath-helping

The rule against oath-helping prohibits a party from presenting evidence solely for the purpose of bolstering a witness' credibility before that witness' credibility is attacked. This type of evidence is of the sort that would tend to prove the truthfulness of the witness, rather than the truth of the witness' statements.

2018 June 1, Frank Iacobucci, J., “R. v. B. (F.F.), 1 SCR 697”, in CanLII, retrieved 1993-02-25:

(law) Testimony introduced for the purpose of bolstering the credibility of a witness and their testimony, rather than proving or disproving a fact in issue; it is often inadmissible.


et conjunx

From Latin et (and) and conjunx (husband).

Coordinate term: et uxor

(law) "And the husband" or "and her husband".


legal instrument

legal instrument (plural legal instruments)

(law) Any formal written document that records and expresses a legally enforceable act, process, or contractual duty, obligation, or right, and therefore evidences that act, process, or agreement.


secrecy jurisdiction

secrecy jurisdiction (countable and uncountable, plural secrecy jurisdictions)

(law, business, taxation) A facility or physical location which enables individuals or entities to escape or undermine the laws, rules, and regulations of jurisdictions elsewhere, using secrecy as a primary tool.


Marchman Act

en-verb

Marchman Act (third-person singular simple present Marchman Acts, present participle Marchman Acting, simple past and past participle Marchman Acted)

Marchman Acts (present singular third-person)
Marchman Acting (participle present)
Marchman Acted (participle past)
Marchman Acted (past)

The act (1993) was named after former pastor Hal Strickland Marchman, Jr., (1919–2009), who advocated for services for substance abusers.

(US, law, transitive, intransitive) To invoke the Marchman Act, i.e., a means of voluntary or involuntary assessment and stabilization and treatment of a person allegedly abusing alcohol or drugs.


original jurisdiction

(law) In common law legal systems, the power of a court to hear a case for the first time, as opposed to appellate jurisdiction.


subpartnership

en-noun

subpartnership (countable and uncountable, plural subpartnerships)

As shown elsewhere herein, the subpartnership is no part of, and is not included within, the primary partnership.

1930, Scott Rowley, “Risk Evasion Through Subpartnership”, in Columbia Law Review, volume 30, number 5, Columbia Law Review Association, Inc., page 674:

(law) An arrangement whereby a partner of a partnership agrees to share profits and losses with a nonpartner without thereby forming a partnership.


book oath

(law, religion, dated) An oath sworn on the Bible.


subpartner

The court taxed the husband on all the income, as the wife was merely a "subpartner" receiving part of the partnership income derivatively from her husband.

1947, Charles E. Works, “Taxation of Family Partnerships and Family Corporations”, in The Rocky Mountain Law Review, volume 19, number 3, University of Colorado, page 209:


submortgage

submortgage (countable and uncountable, plural submortgages)

The amount secured by the submortgage can never exceed the amount secured by the original mortgage.

2016, David Osborne, Graeme Bowtle & Charles Buss, chapter 3, in The Law of Ship Mortgages, page 61:

(law) A secured loan whereby a mortgagee uses his interest in a mortgage as collateral on a loan with a third party, in effect transferring or assigning the mortgage thereto.


submortgagee

submortgagee (countable and uncountable, plural submortgagees)

Accordingly, the submortgagee can take no action against the ship or owner unless and until the underlying mortgage becomes enforceable.

2016, David Osborne, Graeme Bowtle & Charles Buss, chapter 3, in The Law of Ship Mortgages, page 62:

(law) One who provides a loan secured by a mortgagee's interest in a mortgage and in effect becomes the assignee of that mortgage.


rule of decision

rule of decision (plural rule of decisions)

We have made efforts to think through a fair number of the issues, and we have written about two of the most likely issues that the Court will address and which may resolve the case: (i) that Griffin's Case (1869) provides the rule of decision, that is, Section 3 necessitates federal enforcement legislation; and (ii) that the President is not an "Officer of the United States."

2024 January 11, Josh Blackman, Seth Barrett Tillman, “We're In The Section 3 Endgame Now”, in The Volokh Conspiracy:

(law) A legal authority (e.g., a statute or judicial precedent) that governs the resolution of a particular case.


photo pack

(law, criminology) A collection of photographs to be shown sequentially to a witness, conducted by a police officer or detective who does not know the identity of the suspect.


set over

en-verb

set over (third-person singular simple present sets over, present participle setting over, simple past and past participle set over)

sets over (present singular third-person)
setting over (participle present)
set over (participle past)
set over (past)

(transitive, law) To assign; transfer ownership of something


a year and a day

(law) The period defined as the legal limit of time for an act or event, to ensure a full year by any method of reckoning.


pièce de conviction

Borrowed from French pièce de conviction; first use appeared c. 1840.

(law, dated) An incriminating exhibit shown as evidence in a criminal case.


by blood

(law) Sharing a relationship that connects two individuals through their biological parents.


administrative court

en-noun

administrative court (plural administrative courts)

(law) In many civil law jurisdictions, a specialized court separate from the ordinary court system in charge of reviewing decisions made by public authorities under administrative law.

England and Wales High Court
King's Bench Division


outside employment

(law, business) Any form of employment or business relationship involving the provision of paid or unpaid personal services.


outside job

From outside + job, by analogy with inside job.

The resource officer suspected the rape incident at our high school coffee shop was an outside job.

(idiomatic, criminology, humorous, sarcastic) A crime or other illicit action committed by an individual not connected or associated with the premises or organization in which it took place.


Aquilian

(law, historical) Of or relating to the lex Aquilia, an ancient Roman law that provided compensation to the owners of property injured by someone's fault.


odometer fraud

(law, criminology, automotive) The illegal practice of rolling back an odometer to make it appear that a vehicle has lower mileage than it actually does.


lighting-up time

lighting-up time (countable and uncountable, plural lighting-up times)

(UK, law, automotive) A time period during which all motor vehicles on unlit public roads must have their headlights switched on.


cumulative error

cumulative error (plural cumulative errors)

In addition to confessing error relating to the Napue violation, the State confessed to cumulative error in response to multiple issues raised in Glossip’s Post-Conviction Relief Application that, when taken together with the incorrect testimony of the State’s key witness, the State believes establishes that Glossip’s trial was unfair and unreliable.

2024, Glossip v. Oklahoma (U.S. Supreme Court No. 22-7466), Brief of respondent in support of petition for a writ of certiorari

(law) Legal errors that, when taken alone may be immaterial, but taken together substantially prejudice the result of a trial.


liege lord

(law, archaic, historical) Synonym of overlord: The epithet of individuals in the relationship between a feudal superior and vassal.


tameh

(Jewish law) Ritually impure or tainted.


clean money

(informal, idiomatic, business, law, uncommon) Money that is legally or honestly gained or earned.

(informal, idiomatic, business, law, uncommon) Money or assets that have been converted from money laundering or other illicit means into a form that can be used legitimately without drawing the attention of the authorities.


time of death

(law) The exact moment of death, denoting the precise date and time of which is established in the location of the residence of a decedent, as a matter of record.


certified copy

certified copy (plural certified copies)

(law, finance) A copy, often a photocopy, of a primary document containing an endorsement or certificate confirming it is a true copy of the primary document.


conformed copy

conformed copy (plural conformed copies)

(law) An exact copy of a document filed with a court.


time, place or manner restriction

time, place or manner restriction (countable and uncountable, plural time, place or manner restrictions)

time, place or manner restrictions (plural)

(law, US) A content-neutral limitation imposed by the government or other institution on expressive activity.


flat time

flat time (countable and uncountable, plural flat times)

(law) A term of incarceration that is to be served by a prisoner without the benefit of any credits of time or earned deductions.


idle time

idle time (countable and uncountable, plural idle times)

(law, business, human resources) A period of time in which an employee or a machine is ready and available, but is not carrying out any productive work.


time element

(law, business) An indirect loss resulting from damage or a direct loss due to an insured peril.


exigent circumstance

exigent circumstance (plural exigent circumstances)

(law) A circumstance, such as imminent danger or imminent escape of a suspect, that allows law enforcement to enter a structure without a search warrant, or if they have a knock-and-announce warrant, to enter without knocking and waiting for the owner's permission to enter.


knock-and-announce

knock-and-announce rule

knock-and-announce warrant

(law) A common law principle that requires law enforcement officers to announce their presence and provide residents with an opportunity to open the door prior to a search.


prison sentence

prison sentence (plural prison sentences)

(law) Confinement in prison as punishment for a crime.


traffic stop

(law, automotive) A temporary detention of a driver of a vehicle and its occupants by police to investigate a possible crime or a minor violation of the law.


quitclaim deed

(law) A document by which an individual, the grantor, disclaims any interest the grantor might have in a piece of real property, and passes that claim to another individual, the grantee.


ECCHR

(human rights, law) Initialism of European Center for Constitutional Human Rights.


paraphernals

From Middle French parapharnelz. Attested since the early 1500s, whereas the adjective paraphernal since the late 1700s.

[…] the said John Lindsay became obliged to restore all things he got with his wife or she brought with her to the said Allexander Cochrane, her father, and the other pursuers, her brethren, and to put everything in the same condition as it was before the marriage, and she haven taken with her the goods and gear following, viz., her Paraphernals and body cloathes, linens, and others, to the value of three hundredth merks Scots: […]

1724 June, “Outfit and Tocher of a Farmer’s Daughter, 1724”, in William Hector, compiler, Selections from the Judicial Records of Renfrewshire. Illustrative of the Administration of the Laws in the County, and Manners and Condition of the Inhabitants, in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries. […], Paisley, Renfrewshire: J. & J. Cook, […], published 1878, page 185:

“[…] Get ready thy marriage gear, love, and lay aside thy maiden blushes, which can aid thee as little in capturing a husband as Bruce’s backwardness in the taking of Perth.” / “The Governor hath not claimed me, father,” replied Anne, hesitatingly. “He hath not called here since the money was paid to him.” / “More still of thy doubtful questionings, wench!” cried Peter, rising in his anger. “What is his remissness to thee, if I adhere to my condition, and demand my bond? He is bound by his honour; to-morrow he is to be here, and thou must show thy fairest qualities in his presence. Go and assign thee thy appurtenances and paraphernals.”

1839, “The Siege of Perth”, in Wilson’s Historical, Traditionary, and Imaginative Tales of the Borders, and of Scotland: […], volume V, number 209, London: E. T. Brain & Co., […]; New York, N.Y.: R. T. Shannon, →OCLC, page 5, column 2:

ASSENT. / of husband to wife’s acts as agent or trustee, § 32. / of husband not necessary to wife’s contracts, when, §§ 45, 49. / to wife’s alienation of her paraphernals, § 94.

1901, Ocie Speer, “Index”, in A Treatise on the Law of Married Women in Texas, Including Marriage, Divorce, Homestead, and Administration, Rochester, N.Y.: The Lawyers’ Co-operative Publishing Company, →OCLC, page 499:

(law, rare) Synonym of paraphernalia (“married woman’s property besides her dowry”).


Revlon duty

(business, law) A legal principle stating that an action that promotes the value of an auction process is allowable, whereas one that thwarts its value is unallowable.


speaking objection

speaking objection (plural speaking objections)

(law) An objection that is argumentative in nature and volunteers more information than necessary for a judge to evaluate it.


demand letter

(law) A letter stating a legal claim, usually drafted by a lawyer, issuing a demand for restitution or performance of some obligation.

vaatimuskirjelmä

Letter usually by a lawyer to liquidate a claim


man on the Shau Kei Wan tram

This [the adjudication system established under the Control of Obscene and Indecent Articles Ordinance] is a system fraught with problems. It may lead to a panel that is dominated by those who feel strongly about obscenity and indecency; not those who represent the “standards of morality generally accepted by reasonable members of the community.” In other words, the man on the Shau Kei Wan tram is not represented.

2009 January 16, “HKJA’S SUBMISSION ON THE REVIEW OF THE CONTROL OF OBSCENE AND INDECENT ARTICLES ORDINANCE”, in Hong Kong Journalists Association:

(Hong Kong, law) Any hypothetical reasonable person used by the Courts when considering questions of reasonableness.


original package doctrine

the original package doctrine (canonical)

(law) A doctrine in United States law, stating that imported goods do not lose their character as imports until they have passed out of the importer's control or been broken up from their original packages.


pretium affectionis

The greater number of injuries are those which concern property. A pecuniary value can generally be set upon injuries of this sort; though it is not very easy to determine the pretium affectionis, a matter of considerable importance, which the English law, so much made up of clumsiness in one part, and false refinement in another, wholly overlooks.

Sentimental value
sentimental value#English


constructive malice

(UK, law, historical) The doctrine that malice aforethought could be attributed to the defendant if death was caused during the commission of another felony (such as robbery or burglary) — abolished in most cases by the Homicide Act 1957.


tender years doctrine

tender years doctrine (plural tender years doctrines)

(law) A principle in family law, stating that a child's youngest years (generally regarded as four years and under) should be spent in the custody of the mother.


afteracquired

afteracquired evidence


irreconcilable differences

irreconcilable differences pl (normally plural, singular irreconcilable difference)

According to the website TMZ.com, which first reported the story, the actor and director cited irreconcilable differences as the cause for the split. The couple have been together since 2005 and married in 2014.

2016 September 21, Benjamin Lee, “Angelina Jolie files for divorce from Brad Pitt citing irreconcilable differences”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:

(law, chiefly US) Grounds for a no-fault divorce comprising a difference between the two parties that cannot or will not be changed.


nonsummons

(law) The mode in which a tenant or defendant in a real action pleaded, when the summons which followed the original was not served within the proper time.


white-collar criminal

white-collar criminal (plural white-collar criminals)

(business, law, criminology) An individual who partakes in, or has been convicted of, a white-collar crime.


drug cartel

(criminology) A criminal organization consisting of independent druglords who collude with each other in order to improve their profits and dominate the illegal drug trade.


creeping freehold

creeping freehold (plural creeping freeholds)

(law, UK) The freehold of property, such as a basement or cellar, that is located underneath a different freehold; the converse of flying freehold.


personal time

Coordinate term: company time

(business, law, human resources) The time allotted to an employee, such as a break or a lunch, during a regular scheduled workday.


servient estate

servient estate (plural servient estates)

(property law) A parcel of land that is subject to an easement.


nonaggravated

In making this determination, we look to the evidence pertaining only to the element of aggravated robbery that distinguishes it from nonaggravated robbery.

1997, West's South Eastern Reporter, page 680:

Making nonaggravated sexual assault a strict liability crime means, in effect, that even if it would be completely impossible and unreasonable for the man to believe that the woman was engaging in the sexual act against her will (or, perhaps, that she thought the sex was insufficiently "communicative"), he would still be convicted.

2010, Leslie Francis, Date Rape: Feminism, Philosophy, and the Law, page 120:

However, repeated nonaggravated assault against a family member was considered a criminal offense and punishable by up to 360 hours of community service, a maximum of one year of forced labor, or a maximum of two years in prison.

2019, Kathleen Nadeau, Sangita Rayamajhi, Women and Violence: Global Lives in Focus, page 76:

(criminology) Not aggravated; not including factors such as violence, deadly weapons, drugs, including additional offenses, etc. that make the criminal offense more heinous or offensive.


Zapple doctrine

Named after U.S. Senate Commerce Committee counselor Nicholas Zapple.

(US, law, historical) An extension of the fairness doctrine to political candidates' spokespeople and supporters, mandating that, if one candidate's supporters were allowed to buy airtime, then supporters of opposing candidates should have the opportunity to buy a comparable amount of airtime for their candidates.


jury tampering

From jury + tampering. First use appears c. 1871 in the New York Herald.

(law, criminology) The crime of unduly attempting to influence the composition or decisions of a jury during the course of a trial.


time check

(law, business, human resources) A note provided by a contractor indicating the number of hours for which a worker is due to be paid.


cooling time

cooling time (countable and uncountable, plural cooling times)

(law, criminology) The amount of time required for an individual to calm down and think clearly after being seriously provoked, allowing the individual to consider the consequences of their actions in order to make a rational decision.


engaged time

engaged time (countable and uncountable, plural engaged times)

(education, law, human resources) The total or actual amount of time a person, often a student or worker, is engaged in a purposeful or productive required task.


civilian time

civilian time (countable and uncountable, plural civilian times)

(law) The start or beginning of the day at midnight.


time of memory

time of memory (usually uncountable, plural times of memory)

(law) A reference to a point in time that is so distant that no living individual has knowledge or proof that would contradict a right or a custom purported to have existed since that time.


grandfather in

en-verb

grandfather in (third-person singular simple present grandfathers in, present participle grandfathering in, simple past and past participle grandfathered in)

grandfathers in (present singular third-person)
grandfathering in (participle present)
grandfathered in (participle past)
grandfathered in (past)

(transitive, chiefly US, law) Synonym of grandfather


maximum holding time

en-noun

maximum holding time (countable and uncountable, plural maximum holding times)

(law, criminology) The greatest amount of time in which a sample may be stored between sampling and the commencement of analysis and still be considered a valid sample for compliance testing.


constitutional right

constitutional right (plural constitutional rights)

(law) A prerogative or a duty, a power or a restraint of power, recognized and established by a sovereign state or union of states.


enumerated right

enumerated right (plural enumerated rights)

Coordinate term: unenumerated right

(law) A legal right which is explicitly stated, coded, or written in laws or constitutions.


physical person

physical person (plural physical persons or physical people)

physical persons (plural)
physical people (plural)

физи́ческо лице́

natural person — see also natural person


negiah

Borrowed from Hebrew נְגִיעָה (“touch”).

(Jewish law) Physical contact between the sexes outside of marriage or familial relations.

If I see a young man and woman out on a date in the US, would I not assume that even if they were makpid on kashrut, they might not be as makpid on negia? Or even on pre-marital sex? After all, that is exceedingly common in the US today, and it's even made inroads among ostensibly Orthodox Jews.

2006 June 9, Lisa, “LESBIAN & GAY SHABBAT DINNER - 5 JUNE -- RODEPH SHOLOM (NYC)”, in soc.culture.jewish.moderated (Usenet):

(Jewish law) The prohibition against this.


laudemium

(law) Payment made to the lessor of an emphyteusis when the property is sold or gifted to a new lessee.


traditional right

traditional right (plural traditional rights)

(law) A subsistence privilege or right, which is owned legally or by custom by an indigenous community or village.

Having paved the way for viewing the state provision of welfare in terms of providing for people's basic needs, Raymond Plant still faced one difficult opponent: Maurice Cranston, who maintained that there is a crucial difference of nature between traditional rights and social ones.

2016, João Carlos Espada, The Anglo-American Tradition of Liberty: A view from Europe, page 43:

(law) A right that is established by custom or tradition, as opposed to one established by law or a sense of social justice.


time clause

(business, law) A clause expressing or indicating information regarding time.


priorable

To be priorable, the reckless driving conviction must result from an arrest occurring after January 1, 1982, and within five years of the new offense.

1982, Los Angeles Lawyer, volume 5, page 34:

(law) Of a prior offense: eligible to affect sentencing for a subsequent offense.


time constraint

time constraint (plural time constraints)

(law) A limit or control placed on certain actions and filings in the interest of speedy justice, and additionally to prevent the evasion of the ends of justice by waiting until a matter is moot.


time agreement

(business, law) An agreement allowing one of the parties in a contract a certain amount of discretion to determine the exact scope or extent of their obligations under it, or for allowing an agreement for an indefinite period.


time of occurrence

time of occurrence (countable and uncountable, plural times of occurrence)

(law, criminology, forensic science) An event, such as the time of death or the time of incident, that is crucial to a death investigation.


disentailment

(law, historical) The act of disentailing.


vacation time

vacation time (countable and uncountable, plural vacation times)

(dated, law) A time period when the normal operation of a court is suspended.

(dated, obsolete, property law) A time period when land or property is vacant or out of commission.


buddy punching

(business, law, human resources) The act or practice of an employee requesting another employee to clock in on their behalf.


time-bound program

(law, labor law) An approach constituting one of the means put in place by the International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour to assist countries in fulfilling their obligations under the convention.


time rate

(business, law, human resources) A form of compensation in which an employee is paid for the amount of time spent at work, usually as a weekly wage or a monthly salary.


reasonable time

reasonable time (countable and uncountable, plural reasonable times)

(US, law) The amount of time which is fairly necessary, conveniently, to perform an action that is required to be completed, as soon as circumstances permit.


gain time

gain time (countable and uncountable, plural gain times)

(law, criminology) A reduction of a prisoner’s sentence due to exemplary behavior or participation in a rehabilitation program during incarceration.


shortening time

shortening time (countable and uncountable, plural shortening times)

(law) A court order in response to the motion of a party to a lawsuit, allowing a motion or other legal matter to be set at a time shorter than provided by law or court rules.


contract time

contract time (countable and uncountable, plural contract times)

(law, business) The total number of working days specified in a contract for completion of all work.


join issue

en-verb

join issue (third-person singular simple present joins issue, present participle joining issue, simple past and past participle joined issue)

joins issue (present singular third-person)
joining issue (participle present)
joined issue (participle past)
joined issue (past)

[W]ith Rejoinders and Replies, / Long Bills, and Anſvvers, ſtuft vvith Lies, / Demurr, Imparlance, and Eſſoign, / The Parties ne'er could Iſſue join: / For Sixteen Years the Cauſe vvas ſpun, / And then ſtood vvhere it firſt begun.

1726, [Jonathan Swift], Cadenus and Vanessa. A Poem, London: […] J. Roberts […], →OCLC, page 9:

In one sense, the Court’s decision to pass over this complication may be understandable. After all, none of the parties before us questioned the application of a discovery rule in proceedings below, but joined issue only over how it should work.

2021, Warner Chappell Music, Inc. v. Nealy (U.S. Supreme Court No. 19-292), Justice Gorsuch dissenting

(law) (of two parties to a legal proceeding) To agree to argue about a particular legal claim.


without cause

(law, business, human resources) Wihtout any reason or justification.


just cause

en-noun

just cause (countable and uncountable, plural just causes)

(law, business, human resources) A common standard in employment law, as a form of job security, indicating that a terminated employee has been dismissed from the job for misconduct, or another sufficient reason.


good cause

good cause (countable and uncountable, plural good causes)

(law, uncountable) Adequate or substantial grounds or reason to take a certain action, or to fail to take an action prescribed by law.


objects clause

(business, law) A provision in a company's constitution stating the purpose and range of activities for which the company is carried on.


offer of proof

(law) An attorney's explanation to a judge during trial to show why a question which has been objected to as immaterial or irrelevant will lead to evidence of value to proving the case of the lawyer's client.


advance fee fraud

(criminology) Any type of fraud involving an advance fee scam.


mature minor

(Canada, US, law) An unemancipated patient who has not attained the age of majority but should be permitted to choose or reject a particular health care treatment, sometimes without the knowledge or agreement of parents.


rape alarm

From rape + alarm. First use appears c. 1977 in the Los Angeles Times.

(informal, criminology) A portable alarm which, when activated, emits a shrill sound, alerting others that the user is in danger of rape or assault.


hand up

en-verb

hand up (third-person singular simple present hands up, present participle handing up, simple past and past participle handed up)

hands up (present singular third-person)
handing up (participle present)
handed up (participle past)
handed up (past)

(transitive, of a jury, law) To deliver an indictment (e.g. to a judge).


deliver up

deliver up (third-person singular simple present delivers up, present participle delivering up, simple past and past participle delivered up)

delivers up (present singular third-person)
delivering up (participle present)
delivered up (participle past)
delivered up (past)

(law) To produce (something) by delivery as expected under a contract.


identity broker

en-noun

identity broker (plural identity brokers)

(law, criminology, uncommon) A service or other intermediary that provides a client with a means of forming or constructing a new identity, usually a false one.


sexually-oriented

(law) Of or pertaining to any material depicting sexually explicit content or conduct.


plead out

en-verb

plead out (third-person singular simple present pleads out, present participle pleading out, simple past and past participle pleaded out)

pleads out (present singular third-person)
pleading out (participle present)
pleaded out (participle past)
pleaded out (past)

(law) To plead guilty in a plea bargain, usually in exchange for a lighter sentence.


plead down

plead down (third-person singular simple present pleads down, present participle pleading down, simple past and past participle pleaded down or (informal, US) pled down)

pleads down (present singular third-person)
pleading down (participle present)
pleaded down (participle past)
pleaded down (past)
pled down (US informal participle past)
pled down (US informal past)

(law) To plead guilty in a plea bargain, usually in exchange for lighter charges.

(law) To negotiate charges down in a plea bargain.


plead over

plead over (third-person singular simple present pleads over, present participle pleading over, simple past and past participle pleaded over or (informal, US) pled over)

pleads over (present singular third-person)
pleading over (participle present)
pleaded over (participle past)
pleaded over (past)
pled over (US informal participle past)
pled over (US informal past)

(law, intransitive) To abandon the right to pursue a legal issue by not spotting it in time or not objecting to it in court.


plead up

plead up (third-person singular simple present pleads up, present participle pleading up, simple past and past participle pleaded up or (informal, US) pled up)

pleads up (present singular third-person)
pleading up (participle present)
pleaded up (participle past)
pleaded up (past)
pled up (US informal participle past)
pled up (US informal past)

(law) To plead guilty, especially to elevated charges in a plea bargain, such as to avoid a trial or to avoid immigration proceedings.


stolen goods

(law, criminology) Any goods or other property that have been obtained, carried off, or abstracted by means of a crime.


right to silence

en-noun

right to silence (plural rights to silence)

(law, criminology) A legal principle guaranteeing any individual the right to refuse to answer questions from law enforcement officers or court officials.


collection agency

collection agency (plural collection agencies)

(law, business) A company used by creditors or lenders to recover funds that are past due or from accounts that have defaulted.


TOLATA

w:Trusts of Land and Appointment of Trustees Act 1996

(UK, law) Acronym of Trusts of Land and Appointment of Trustees Act 1996.


re-serve

en-verb

re-serve (third-person singular simple present re-serves, present participle re-serving, simple past and past participle re-served)

re-serves (present singular third-person)
re-serving (participle present)
re-served (participle past)
re-served (past)

Where the Department of Homeland Security seeks to re-serve a respondent to effect proper service of a notice to appear that was defective under the regulatory requirements for serving minors under the age of 14, a continuance should be granted for that purpose.

2016 December 16, Anne J. Greer, Matter of W-A-F-C-, Respondent, Board of Immigration Appeals, 26 I&N Dec. 880 (BIA 2016), archived from the original on 2021-06-24, page 880:

(transitive, law) To deliver a document again.


business law

intellectual property
intellectual property

(law) All the law that governs commercial infrastructure and interactions, including contracts, intellectual property, employment law, and corporate law.


elder abuse

Coordinate term: child abuse

(criminology) Physical, sexual or emotional mistreatment of an elderly person.


fiscal office

(Philippines, law) A public prosecutor’s office.


descend into the arena

descend into the arena (third-person singular simple present descends into the arena, present participle descending into the arena, simple past and past participle descended into the arena)

descends into the arena (present singular third-person)
descending into the arena (participle present)
descended into the arena (participle past)
descended into the arena (past)

(law) In relation to a judge in an adversarial system, to excessively interfere with debates between the parties.


framework law

(law) Law that establishes general principles but leaves to governing authorities the task of enacting the further legislation and specific measures to achieve the law's objectives.


human life

en-noun

human life (countable and uncountable, plural human lives)

Coordinate term: human death

devoid of human life

The disaster took a terrible toll in human life.

Many animals died, but, thankfully, human lives were spared.

These all go to constitute the atoms of the mighty tide of human life;

1882, Joseph A. Dacus, Illustrated Lives and Adventures of Frank and Jesse James and the Younger Brothers, the Noted Western Outlaws, page 362:


human death

human death (countable and uncountable, plural human deaths)

Coordinate term: human life

Into the world entered death, human''' death, which is quite distinct from the death that reigns in the animal world, despite all external similarities.

2023, Sergius Bulgakov, The Sophiology of Death = Essays on Eschatology: Personal, Political, Universal, page 43:

(law, philosophy) The irreversible loss of functioning of a human life as a whole.


antipledging

(law, business) The practice of prohibiting directors and executives from using company shares as collateral for personal loans.


Solgen

solicitor general
solicitor general#English

(Philippines, law) Abbreviation of solicitor general.


check washing

(law, criminology) The process of erasing details from a check to allow it to be rewritten, usually for criminal purposes such as fraudulent withdrawal from the victim's bank account.


collarable

The Ninth Circuit discussed the ramifications of the IFP statute, 28 U.S.C. section 1915(e)(2), and held that the district court abused its discretion by dismissing without leave to amend the complaint, in which collarable claims were made but the wrong defendants were named.

2000, American Federal Tax Reports, pages 2000-1755:

(law) Able to be rectified or brought into compliance with existing law.


summary jurisdiction

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-summary jurisdiction.wav

[…] I would (so far as regards children under fourteen years) take from magistrates their present power of summary jurisdiction, and substitute very extensive powers of a different nature ; […]

1849, John Adams, Summary Jurisdiction: A Charge to the Grand Jury of the Quarter Sessions of the County of Middlesex, page 17:

(law) The authority of a court of law to summarily issue a conviction, typically for a petty crime, without requiring a trial by jury.


forcible entry

forcible entry (plural forcible entries)

(law, criminology) The unlawful seizure of the possession of real property by force or threats of force or an unlawful entry into or onto another's property, especially when accompanied by force.


forced sale

forced sale (countable and uncountable, plural forced sales)

(law, business) An involuntary transaction in which the sale is based upon legal and not economic factors, such as a decree or execution, other than the mere inability to maintain the property.


tickle the wire

en-verb

tickle the wire (third-person singular simple present tickles the wire, present participle tickling the wire, simple past and past participle tickled the wire)

tickles the wire (present singular third-person)
tickling the wire (participle present)
tickled the wire (participle past)
tickled the wire (past)

(criminology, law enforcement, idiomatic) To create a situation that will encourage the target of a criminal probe to speak and divulge information on a wiretapped telephone.


frolic of his own

en-noun

frolic of his own (plural frolics of his own)

(law) An action performed by an employee which was done completely out of the scope of his instructions and as such for which his employer cannot be held liable.


line drawing

line + drawing. First use appears c. 1891. The figurative sense is a deverbal form of the expression draw the line. The exact date of its first appearance is uncertain.

Line drawing in these matters of competitive behavior is preeminently a judicial function.

1958, United States, Congress, Senate, Committee on the Judiciary, Joseph W. Burns, A Study of the Antitrust Laws, Their Administration, Interpretation, and Effect, page 36:

Line-drawing is the ordinary business of moralists and lawmakers.

1965, University of Notre Dame, Law School, Natural Law Forum - Volume 10, page 124:

the line-drawing that necessarily takes place is informed by an inquiry into what posture best effectuates the dual purposes of the treble damage remedy

1979, United States Congress, House, Committee on the Judiciary, Subcommittee on Monopolies and Commercial Law, Restoring Effective Enforcement of the Anti-trust Laws Hearings Before the Subcommittee on Monopolies and Commercial Law of the Committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives, Ninety-sixth Congress, First Session, on H.R. 2060 and H.R 2204 and Other Proposals ... February 27, March 7, and April 10, 1979, page 403:

In such line drawing, perhaps more clearly than anywhere else, the law has revealed its hidden image of a person: A person is a rational being, a being who acts for intelligible ends in light of rational beliefs.

1984, Michael S. Moore, Law and Psychiatry - Rethinking the Relationship, page 66:

This process is frequently described as a "line drawing" or a "balancing" process.

1990, Jeremy Cohen, Timothy Gleason, Social Research in Communication and Law, page 30:

Everywhere there developed a critique that sought to transform differences of kind into differences of degree and to see the world not as a series of mutually exclusive black-white bright-line boundaries requiring intellectual on-off switches but rather as a series of continua involving shades of gray requiring line drawing.

1994, Morton J. Horwitz, The Transformation of American Law, 1870-1960 - The Crisis of Legal Orthodoxy:

Some lawyers describe the application of law to facts by using the metaphor of line drawing: by adopting a rule, the lawyer draws a line between two categories of factual situations.

1996, Kenneth J. Vandevelde, Thinking Like a Lawyer - An Introduction to Legal Reasoning:

Experience in both France and England certainly provides good reason to avoid the sort of fruitless jurisdictional line-drawing that accompanies the existence of separate public law adjudicatory bodies and procedures.

2003, Nicholas Bamforth, Peter Leyland (editors), Public Law in a Multi-Layered Constitution:

Similar pressure for such clear line drawing exists in every case where an offender has violated the criminal law's rules of conduct but is blameless for doing so because he is entitled to an excuse defense.

2006, Paul H. Robinson, Michael T. Cahill, Law Without Justice - Why Criminal Law Doesn't Give People What They Deserve, page 109:

But what is crucial here is the very physicality to the act of line drawing, not as an abstract concept that frames imaginations of inside and outside, but rather as a material process that embeds normative ideals of law and justice.

2019, Alex Jeffrey, The Edge of Law - Legal Geographies of a War Crimes Court, pages 60-61:

By now enacting national legislation designed to encourage judicial decision-making, Congress would support the judiciary in performing its constitutionally assigned task of line drawing.

2024, Harold Hongju Koh, The National Security Constitution in the Twenty-First Century:

(US, law, figurative) A specific boundary or limit in regard to prescribing the best legal rule.


paper tripping

The information of the European Common Market has created a paper-tripping paradise.

At one time, false documents were commonly referred to as simply fake IDs, and the act of passing oneself off as another character was known as paper tripping.

2012, Hank Prunckun, Henry W. Prunckun, Counterintelligence Theory and Practice, page 114:

Garnet explains in fine detail to Candice that, back in the day, it was possible to change your identification successfully but it was illegal. They called it paper tripping and it is still illegal today.

2013, Kirby Edwards, Carry Your Name - Drive Your Purpose, page 63:

Paper tripping, also known as ghosting, is a form of identity theft in a person stealing the identity of a specific deceased person.

2022, Antonio Brown, How To Disappear For Beginners, page 85:

(criminology, dated, uncommon) A form of identity theft in which a person illicitly obtains a new identity, usually by assuming the identity of a deceased person.


run someone's file

en-verb

run someone's file (third-person singular simple present runs someone's file, present participle running someone's file, simple past ran someone's file, past participle run someone's file)

runs someone's file (present singular third-person)
running someone's file (participle present)
ran someone's file (past)
run someone's file (participle past)

(informal, idiomatic, criminology) To search through someone's criminal record.


evidence-gathering

(computing, criminology) The collection of potential evidence, which may be present in computer or network logs, on deprecated websites, or the collection of data that is forensically extracted from a computer hard drive.


examining justice

en-noun

examining justice (plural examining justices)

(British, Wales, law) A judge deciding whether there is enough evidence for a case to be brought before the Crown Court.


examining magistrate

examining magistrate (plural examining magistrates)

inquisitorial system
inquisitorial system

(law) A judge in an inquisitorial system of law who carries out pre-trial investigations into allegations of crime and in some cases makes a recommendation for prosecution.

onderzoeksrechter

judge who carries out pre-trial investigations


inquest of office

inquest of office (plural inquests of office)

(UK, law, historical) An inquest undertaken on occasions when the Crown claimed the right of possession to land or property.


no fixed abode

(law) Not having a fixed geographical location as a residence.


sleeping power

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-sleeping power.wav

(politics, law, chiefly in the plural) A power which is unused, or which has not been exercised for a long time; especially one which is extensive, but little-known.


compelled speech

Coordinate term: free speech

(law) A transmission of expression required by law.


sex trafficking

(law, crime, sociology) Human trafficking for the purpose of sexual exploitation.


culpa levis

From Latin culpa (“blame”) + levis (“light”).


culpa lata

From Latin culpa (“blame”) + lata, feminine form of latus (“extensive”).


life-sentenced

(law) Of a person, having received a life sentence.


police report

(law, law enforcement) A formal documentation of an incident that occurs and is recorded by a police officer.


Sewel Convention

Named after British politician John Sewel, Baron Sewel.

named-after

(Scotland, law) The British policy that the Parliament of the United Kingdom will generally not legislate for Scotland in respect of devolved matters without the consent of Scottish Parliament.


friend of the court

en-noun

friend of the court (plural friends of the court)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-friend of the court.wav

He did not know whether Mr. Henry appeared as the friend of the Court, or in behalf of the State.

1867 December 15, “Contempt. Proceedings of the Criminal Court Yesterday”, in The Daily Memphis Avalanche, page 2:

Finally, the two Third Circuit cases cited by the friends of the Court have, as they themselves say, been legislatively overruled.

1948, United States Court of Appeals For the Ninth Circuit, No. 12027 Estate of Frank K. Sullivan […] v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue, page 12:

the Union and its affiliates across the nation intervened — through test suits and friend of the court briefs, through educational programs, and through public statements of policy and protest.

1958 January 2, American Civil Liberties Union, News Release, New York:

Thus far, these pronuclear public interest law firms have usually contributed friend-of-the-court briefs to existing litigation, rather than filing suits themselves.

1980, Constance Ewing Cook, Nuclear Power and Legal Advocacy, page 23:

(law, US, Canada) Amicus curiae, a person or organization allowed to argue in court who is not a party to the legal action.


kill kit

(crime, criminology) A collection of items, often including duct tape, rope, handcuffs, knives, and guns, usually kept out of sight, and used by criminals to commit a murder, or other violent act.


police record

(law, criminology) A file held by the police, containing a record of the past crimes of which someone has been suspected of or convicted.


written record

(law) A written document containing a piece of information or a description of an event that is recorded on paper.


attorney record

attorney record (plural attorney records)

A new attorney file is created by adding the corresponding case record to every attorney record. The attorney records for which there is no case record are dropped.

1970, Mitre Corporation, Automobile Accident Litigation - A Report of the Federal Judicial Center to the Department of Transportation, page 335:

(law) The documentation or information that an attorney maintains about a case or client, such as case files, correspondence, evidence, notes, etc.