temple

From Middle English temple, from Old French temple, from Vulgar Latin *temp(u)la, from Latin tempora (“the temples”), plural of tempus (“temple, head, face”). See temporal bone.

(ophthalmology) Either of the sidepieces on a set of spectacles, extending backwards from the hinge toward the ears and, usually, turning down around them.


snowflake

snowflakes (plural)
snow-flake (alternative)

From snow + flake. Compare Saterland Frisian Sneeflokke (“snowflake”), Dutch sneeuwvlok, Luxembourgish Schnéiflack, German Schneeflocke.

cog

Robertson and colleagues reported 10 patients in four families with lesions similar to those of stage I and stage II snowflake generation.

2007, Kenneth W. Wright, Peter H. Spiegel, Lisa Thompson, Handbook of Pediatric Retinal Disease, →ISBN, page 195:

The authors have recently analyzed a PMMA lens explanted because of snowflake degeneration in the dry and hydrated states.

2010, Roger F. Steinert, Cataract Surgery, →ISBN, page 525:

These defects may be more pronounced in the superior visual field, perhaps corresponding to the inferior predilection for the snowflake lesions.

2011, Elias I. Traboulsi, Genetic Diseases of the Eye, →ISBN, page 520:

(ophthalmology) A type of lesion that appears as scattered white-brown spots under high magnification light microscopy.


couch

en-verb

couch (third-person singular simple present couches, present participle couching, simple past and past participle couched)

couches (present singular third-person)
couching (participle present)
couched (participle past)
couched (past)
cowch (alternative)
cowch (alternative)

From Middle English couchen, from Old French (se) couchier, (se) colchier (“go to bed, lay down”), from Latin collocāre (“set in place”), from com- (“together, with”) + locāre. Doublet of collocate.

[…] A Man having a Cataract in both Eyes, which intirely deprived him of Sight, committed himſelf to an Oculiſt, who finding them ripe, performed the Operation, and couched the Cataracts with all the Succeſs could be deſired; but after they were couched, he could not ſee objects diſtinctly, even at an ordinary Diſtance, without the Help of a very convex Lens; which is what every body has obſerved to be neceſſary to all thoſe who have had a Cataract couched: […].

1759, William Porterfield, A Treatise on the Eye, the Manner and Phænomena of Vision. In Two Volumes, volume I, Edinburgh: Printed for A. Miller at London, and for G. Hamilton and J. Balfour at Edinburgh, →OCLC, page 433:

(ophthalmology, transitive) In the treatment of a cataract in the eye, to displace the opaque lens with a sharp object such as a needle. The technique is regarded as largely obsolete.


cataract

From Late Middle English cataract, cataracta, cateract, cateracte (“(medicine) clouding of the lens in the eye”), from Old French cataracte (“clouding of the lens in the eye”), and then either:
* from its etymon Latin cataracta (“portcullis”) (in the sense of something blocking vision as a portcullis blocks a gateway), from Ancient Greek καταρ(ρ)άκτης (katar(rh)áktēs, “act of rushing down; portcullis”) (see further at etymology 1); or
* from clāthrāta (in fenestra clāthrāta (“window grating”)), an inflected form of clāthrātus (“grated, latticed, clathrate”), from clāthrī (“grate, lattic”) + -ātus (suffix denoting possession of something, forming adjectives from nouns). Clāthrī is derived from Doric Greek κλᾳ̃θρα (klãithra), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kleh₂w- (“crook, hook; peg; to close something”).

der

καταρ(ρ)άκτης

[T]her is a Caratact which doth light vpon the eyes of a Hawke, whome we may tearme a ſuffuſion, a miſchiefe not ſafely remoued, and diuers times impoſſible to be recured, as namely whẽ [when] it is growen too thicke, and ouerlong hath bin ſuffered in the eye, without ſeeking remedie for it: […]

1575, George Turberuile [i.e.. George Turberville], “Of the Cataract in the Eyes of a Hawke”, in The Booke of Faulconrie or Hauking, for the Onely Delight and Plerasure of All Noblemen and Gentlemen: […], London: […] [Henry Bynneman] for Christopher Barker, […], →OCLC, page 235:

Rarely, a dense, swollen neglected cataract precipitates an angle-closure glaucoma.

1999, Cynthia Mattox, Helen K. Wu, Joel S. Schuman, “Ocular Disorders of Aging”, in Joseph J. Gallo, Jan Busby-Whitehead, Peter V. Rabins, Rebecca A. Silliman, John B. Murphy, William Reichel, editors, Reichel’s Care of the Elderly: Clinical Aspects of Aging, 5th edition, Philadelphia, Pa.; Baltimore, Md.: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, →ISBN, section I (Care of the Elderly Patient: Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Management), page 563, column 2:

Shallow, this is what I created / Splayed out skeletons in the cracks in the pavement / And now, can you feel the injection back behind those cloudy eyes? / In-between every cataract, a projection of my life

2022 June 22, “Rotoscope”, in Rotoscope (Rise 510-1), performed by Spiritbox, Beaverton, Or.: Rise Records:

(ophthalmology, pathology) A clouding of the lens in the eye leading to a decrease in vision.

Thoſe filmes vvhich darkened the eye of the mindes, are remoued, thoſe thicke Cataracts of earthly vanities are diſperſed and diſpelled, and a nevv light into a nevv heart infuſed.

1631, Richard Brathwait, “Decency”, in The English Gentlewoman, Drawne out to the Full Body: […], London: […] B. Alsop and T. Fawcet, for Michaell Sparke, […], →OCLC, page 86:


arcus senilis

(ophthalmology) A faint whitish ring around the iris in elderly people; discoloration of the iris with age.

arco senil

a faint whitish ring around the iris in elderly people; discoloration of the iris with age


xerophthalmia

en-noun

xerophthalmia (countable and uncountable, plural xerophthalmias)

(ophthalmology) A condition due to a deficiency of vitamin A where the conjunctiva and cornea become dry. The condition starts with conjunctival xerosis and night blindness and progresses to corneal xerosis and, later, a severe condition called keratomalacia.


fixation

fixation (countable and uncountable, plural fixations)

From Old French fixation. By surface analysis, fix + -ation.

fixació

a state of mind involving obsession with a particular person, idea or thing

(ophthalmology) maintaining of the gaze on a single location.


grade

→ Japanese: グレード (gurēdo)

→ Swahili: gredi

Borrowed from Middle French grade (“a grade, degree”), from Latin gradus (“a step, pace, degree”), from Proto-Italic *graðus, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰradʰ-, *gʰredʰ- (“to walk, go”). Doublet of gradus.
Cognate with Gothic 𐌲𐍂𐌹𐌸𐍃 (griþs, “step, grade”), Bavarian Gritt (“step, stride”), Lithuanian gri̇̀diju (“to go, wander”).

(Philippines, ophthalmology) An eyeglass prescription.


version

version (countable and uncountable, plural versions)

From Middle French version, from Medieval Latin versiō, from Latin vertō (“I turn”). Used in English since 16th century.

(ophthalmology) An eye movement involving both eyes moving synchronously and symmetrically in the same direction.


retina

retina (plural retinas or retinae or (archaic) retinæ)

retinas (plural)
retinae (plural)
retinæ (archaic plural)

From Middle English rethina, borrowing from Medieval Latin rētīna (“retina”, feminine noun), ellipsis of tunica rētīna (“net-like tunic”), used to describe the blood vessel system at the back of the eye. The phrase is attested in the 12th century in Guillelmus the abbot and Gerard of Cremona—the latter may have created this phrase as a translation for Arabic طَبَقَة شَبَكِيَّة (ṭabaqa šabakiyya) "net-like layer", which translates Ancient Greek ἀμφιβληστροειδής χῐτών (amphiblēstroeidḗs khĭtṓn, “retina”), which is attested in the ancient medical writer Galen.

m+

طَبَقَة شَبَكِيَّة

ἀμφιβληστροειδής χῐτών

(ophthalmology) The thin layer of cells at the back of the eyeball that contains rods and cones sensitive to light, which trigger nerve impulses that pass via the optic nerve to the brain, where a visual image is formed.


heteronymous

en-adj

heteronymous (comparative more heteronymous, superlative most heteronymous)

more heteronymous (comparative)
most heteronymous (superlative)

(ophthalmology) Heteronymous hemianopsia (blindness in the left side of one eye and the right side of the other eye)


color blindness

en-noun

color blindness (countable and uncountable, plural color blindnesses)

color blindnesses (plural)
color-blindness (alternative)
colorblindness (alternative)
colour blindness (alternative)
colour-blindness (alternative)
colourblindness (alternative)

color blind + -ness or color + blindness

(medicine, ophthalmology) Any of several medical conditions in which the physical ability to see colors is impaired, especially achromatopsia, Daltonism.

عمى الألوان

condition in which the ability to see colors is impaired


PD

PD (countable and uncountable, plural PDs)

(ophthalmology) Initialism of pupillary distance.


eye socket

eye sockets (plural)
eye-socket (alternative)
eyesocket (alternative)

(anatomy, ophthalmology) The bony cavity which contains the eyeball and its associated muscles, vessels, and nerves. In humans, seven bones make up each bony orbit.


extort

en-verb

extort (third-person singular simple present extorts, present participle extorting, simple past and past participle extorted)

extorts (present singular third-person)
extorting (participle present)
extorted (participle past)
extorted (past)

Borrowed from Latin extortus, past participle of extorquere (“to twist or wrench out, to extort”); from ex (“out”) + -tort, from torqueō (“twist, turn”).

(transitive and intransitive, medicine, ophthalmology) To twist outwards.


floater

From float + -er (suffix forming agent nouns).

kelluja

person who physically floats in a gas or liquid

paikanvaihtaja

person without a fixed or lasting affiliation, position, or role

leijuri

thing which moves from place to place, as if floating

A thing which physically floats in a gas or liquid.

(ophthalmology) A threadlike speck in the visual field which seems to move, possibly caused by degeneration of the vitreous humour of the eye.


vitreous humour

en-noun

vitreous humour (plural vitreous humours)

vitreous humours (plural)
vitreous humor (alternative)

(ophthalmology, British, Canada) The clear gel that fills the eyeball between the lens and the retina.


refract

en-verb

refract (third-person singular simple present refracts, present participle refracting, simple past and past participle refracted)

refracts (present singular third-person)
refracting (participle present)
refracted (participle past)
refracted (past)

From Latin refrāctum, neuter form of refrāctus, the past participle of refringō, itself from re- (“again”) + frangō (“I break”).

A prism can refract light.

(transitive, ophthalmology) To measure, and often also to correct with lenses, the refractive error of (an eye) or the eyes of (a person).


ophthalmoscope

(ophthalmology) An instrument for examining the interior of the eye (that is, for ophthalmoscopy).


CNV

en-noun

CNV (countable and uncountable, plural CNVs)

choroidal neovascularization
choroidal neovascularization#English

(ophthalmology) Initialism of choroidal neovascularization.


aqueous humour

(ophthalmology) The clear, watery fluid that fills the front of the eye between the cornea and the crystalline lens.

humor aquós

the fluid that fills the front of the eye


CDR

CDR (countable and uncountable, plural CDRs)

(ophthalmology) Initialism of cup-to-disc ratio.


asthenopia

From astheno- (“loss of strength”) + -opia (“relating to the eyes”).

af

(medicine, ophthalmology) An eye condition that manifests itself through nonspecific symptoms such as fatigue, red eyes, eyestrain, pain in or around the eyes, blurred vision, headache and occasional double vision.


eyestrain

en-noun

eyestrain (countable and uncountable, plural eyestrains)

(medicine, ophthalmology) Tiredness or pain in the eyes, sometimes accompanied by headache, caused by excessive or improper use of the eyes, or by uncorrected defects of vision.


heterochromia

heterochromia (countable and uncountable, plural heterochromias)

(medicine, ophthalmology) An anatomical condition in which multiple pigmentations or colorings occur in the eyes, skin or hair.


homonymous

Adapted borrowing of Latin homōnymus (“having the same name”) + -ous, from Ancient Greek ὁμώνυμος (homṓnumos). By surface analysis, homonym + -ous.

affix

(ophthalmology) Having homonymous hemianopsia (blindness in the same side of both eyes)


vitreous humor

vitreous humors (plural)
vitreous humour (alternative)

(ophthalmology, US) The clear gel that fills the eyeball between the lens and the retina.


retinal

From retina + -al (“of or pertaining to”).

(ophthalmology, relational) Of or pertaining to the retina.

intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cell

melanopsin-containing retinal ganglion cell


tritanopia

en-noun

tritanopia (countable and uncountable, plural tritanopias)

From trito- (“third (color)”) + an- (“without”) + -opia (“vision”).

Tritanopia is an extremely rare hereditary condition corresponding to a loss in function of the short wavelength sensitive cones. To produce transient tritanopia, the eye of the normal observer is first strongly adapted to a yellow light that maximally adapts the pigment of the long and middle wavelength cones, but has relatively less influence on the short wavelength sensitive cones.

1990, T. E. Frumkes, “7: Classical and Modern Psychological Studies of Dark and Light Adaptation”, in K. Nicholas Leibovic, editor, Science of Vision, page 203:

1997, M. Alpern, K. Kitahara, D. H. Krantz, 9: Perception of Colour in Unilateral Tritanopia, Alex Byrne, David R. Hilbert (editors), Readings on Color, Volume 2: The Science of Color, page 231,
M. Alpern et. al 1983 gives results of colour matching and colour discrimination for each eye separately of a subject who acquired tritanopia in his left eye while remaining a normal trichromat with his right one.

People with an inborn blue-green blindness (tritanopia) may completely lack the function of these receptor cells.[…]The inheritance of inborn tritanopia is not sex-linked; the gene for the S-cone opsin is localized to chromosome 7.

2016, Daniel Kernell, Colours and Colour Vision: An Introductory Survey, page 167:

(ophthalmology) A form of color blindness in which the retina is deficient in or lacks cone cells containing opsins that respond to the color blue, resulting in an inability to distinguish blue from green.


-opia

Attested classically as -ωπία in a few words, such as ἀμβλυωπία (ambluōpía). Apparently equivalent to -οψία (-opsía).

(medicine, ophthalmology) vision (used to form names of visual defects)


ametropia

ametropia (countable and uncountable, plural ametropias)

From a- + Ancient Greek μέτρον (métron, “measure”) + -opia.

af

(medicine, ophthalmology) Any of several disorders of the eye (spherical or cylindrical) resulting from faulty refractive ability.

ametropia

any of several disorders of the eye resulting from faulty refractive ability


anisometropia

From an- + iso- + metr- (“measure”) + -opia.

(ophthalmology) A condition in which the two eyes of an individual have different refractive power.

anisometropia

condition in which the eyes have different refractive power


hemianopia

en-noun

hemianopia (usually uncountable, plural hemianopias)

(ophthalmology) Alternative form of hemianopsia


hemianopsia

hemianopsia (countable and uncountable, plural hemianopsias)

hemianopsias (plural)
hemianopia (alternative)
hemiopia (alternative)
hemiopsia (alternative)
hemiopsy (alternative)

(ophthalmology) Blindness in one half of the field of vision of either or both eyes.


quadrantanopia

quadrantanopia (countable and uncountable, plural quadrantanopias)

(ophthalmology) The loss of vision in one or more quadrants of the field of view.


LASIK

In LASIK surgery, a computer-controlled laser is used to reshape the cornea.

After LASIK, most patients see well enough to pass a driver's license exam without glasses or contact lenses.

(ophthalmology) Abbreviation of laser in situ keratomileusis: corrective eye surgery for various refractive disorders in which an excimer laser reshapes the cornea.


electroretinography

electroretinography (usually uncountable, plural electroretinographies)

(ophthalmology) A diagnostic test to used to measure the electrical responses of various cell types in the retina.


couching

From Middle English couchynge; equivalent to couch + -ing.

[C]ataract surgery has been employed for more than 20 centuries. The primary surgical technique for the large majority of this time was a procedure called couching. The first written description of couching is from an Indian surgeon, Susruta, circa 600 BC, involving the insertion of a needle into the eye and displacement of the lens out of the visual axis through either inferior or superior dislocation.

2006, Sanduk Ruit, Geoffrey C. Tabin, Charles C. Wykoff, “Cataract Surgery”, in Fighting Global Blindness: Improving World Vision through Cataract Elimination, Washington, D.C.: American Public Health Association, →ISBN, page 21:

(ophthalmology) An early, largely obsolete, method of treating a cataract by using a sharp object to displace the opaque lens in the eye.


hypotonia

hypotonia (countable and uncountable, plural hypotonias)

/ˌhaɪpəʊˈtəʊnɪə/

(ophthalmology) A state of reduced pressure of the intraocular fluid.


AION

anterior isch(a)emic optic neuropathy
w:anterior ischemic optic neuropathy

(ophthalmology) Initialism of anterior isch(a)emic optic neuropathy.


intraocular

(ophthalmology) Inside or within the eye.


NAION

(ophthalmology) Initialism of non-arteritic AION.


AAION

(ophthalmology) Initialism of arteritic AION, Arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy (UK), Arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (US).


aphakia

aphakia (countable and uncountable, plural aphakias)

From New Latin, from Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-, privative prefix) + φᾰκός (phăkós, “lentil”) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-ĭ́ā, noun suffix). Equivalent to a- + phakia.

af

(ophthalmology) The absence of the lens of the eye, causing hypermetropia and a loss of accommodation.


dacryocystitis

(pathology, ophthalmology) inflammation of the lacrimal sac


lacrimal sac

lacrimal canaliculi
lacrimal canaliculus

(anatomy, ophthalmology) The upper dilated end of the nasolacrimal duct that is situated in a groove formed by the lacrimal bone and the frontal process of the maxilla and receives the lacrimal canaliculi.

淚囊 /泪囊

dilated upper end of the nasolacrimal duct


druse

Borrowed via French from German Druse (“crystallized piece of ore”); compare dross.

der

(ophthalmology) A tiny yellow or white accumulation of extracellular material that builds up in Bruch's membrane of the eye.

drusa

a tiny yellow or white accumulation of extracellular material that builds up in Bruch's membrane of the eye


aniseikonia

en-noun

aniseikonia (countable and uncountable, plural aniseikonias)

(pathology, ophthalmology) An ophthalmological condition where there is a significant difference in the perceived size of images.


monovision

a monovision effect

Until recently, there wasn't much more one could do than to succumb to a pair of reading glasses, or try to correct the problem with either monovision contact lenses (one eye is corrected for distance, one for up close) or laser surgery .

2009 January 1, Camille Sweeney, “To Squint or to See the Light”, in New York Times:

(ophthalmology) A treatment for presbyopia in which one eye is treated to improve distance vision and the other eye is treated to improve close-up vision


lacrimal gland

(anatomy, ophthalmology) Either of a pair of almond-shaped glands, one for each eye, that secrete the aqueous layer of the tear film.


chalazion

chalazion (plural chalazions or chalazia)

From Late Latin chalazion, from Ancient Greek χαλάζιον (khalázion), diminutive of χάλαζα (khálaza, “hail”).

(ophthalmology, optometry) A cyst in the eyelid, caused by inflammation of a blocked meibomian gland.


esophoria

esophoria (countable and uncountable, plural esophorias)

(ophthalmology) Inward deviation of the eye usually due to extra-ocular muscle imbalance.

esoforie

inward deviation of the eye usually due to extra-ocular muscle imbalance


proptose

en-verb

proptose (third-person singular simple present proptoses, present participle proptosing, simple past and past participle proptosed)

proptoses (present singular third-person)
proptosing (participle present)
proptosed (participle past)
proptosed (past)

Because of the usual dorsal approach, the lateral and medial rectus muscles are secured by sutures, and with traction, can proptose the globe forward.

2011, Kirk N. Gelatt, Janice P. Gelatt, Caryn Plummer, Veterinary Ophthalmic Surgery, →ISBN, page 378:

When performing forced ductions for possible rectus muscle restriction, proptose the eye to stretch the rectus muscles.

2013, Kenneth W. Wright, Peter H. Spiegel, Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, →ISBN, page 252:

Davies had worn a diaphragm in it for years, which had caused irritation and produced bad nose bleeds; his right eyeball was proptosed (displaced in its socket).

2018, Anna Rogers, With Them Through Hell, →ISBN, page 217:

(ophthalmology) To displace (an eye) in its socket; to cause exophthalmus.


anopsia

(ophthalmology) A defect in the visual field


exophoria

en-noun

exophoria (countable and uncountable, plural exophorias)

(ophthalmology) A form of heterophoria in which there is a tendency of the eyes to deviate outward.


comitant

(ophthalmology) Describing the degree of eye misalignment when looking at objects that does not depend on direction of gaze


dacryostenosis

(ophthalmology) Obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct.


nasolacrimal duct

nasolacrimal duct (plural nasolacrimal ducts)

(anatomy, ophthalmology) a duct that transmits tears from the lacrimal sac to the inferior meatus of the nose


overaccommodate

en-verb

overaccommodate (third-person singular simple present overaccommodates, present participle overaccommodating, simple past and past participle overaccommodated)

overaccommodates (present singular third-person)
overaccommodating (participle present)
overaccommodated (participle past)
overaccommodated (past)
over-accommodate (alternative)

(ophthalmology) To adjust the focus of the eye so that the image resolves at a point behind the retina.


lacrimal apparatus

en-noun

lacrimal apparatus (plural lacrimal apparatuses)

(anatomy, physiology, ophthalmology) The system containing the orbital structures for the production and drainage of tear.


aphakial

aphakial eyes

(ophthalmology, dated) Pertaining to or exhibiting aphakia; aphakic.


echometry

From echo + -metry, compare French échométrie.

The acoustics system design for echometry is significantly different from that of tissue-structure mapping in that diffuse backscatter is essential.

1992, Robert John Weber, David N. Perkins, Inventive Minds: Creativity in Technology, page 139:

Manufacturers of IOLs are of course aware of this fact and determine the A- or ACD constants of their lenses in such a way that optimum results are achieved with contact echometry.

2004, H. John Shammas, Intraocular Lens Power Calculations, page 148:

In order to apply echometry to the diagnosis and follow-up of congenital glaucoma, we carried out the following study with normal children with the aim of finding out the values of axial lengths in developing normal eyes and in congenital glaucomas.

2008, Roberto Sampaolesi, Jorge Zarate, Juan Roberto Sampaolesi, The Glaucomas: Volume I - Pediatric Glaucomas, page 42:

Considered as the father of medical ultrasound, John Wilde was the first one to describe echometry, which enabled him to distinguish healthy cells from cancerous ones.

2017, Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu, Design of Nanostructures for Theranostics Applications, page 499:

The scientific measurement of sounds or echoes.

(medicine, ophthalmology) The use of ultrasound echos to make biometric measurements (as opposed to making images, which is called medical ultrasound).


intort

en-verb

intort (third-person singular simple present intorts, present participle intorting, simple past and past participle intorted)

intorts (present singular third-person)
intorting (participle present)
intorted (participle past)
intorted (past)

Latin intortus, past participle of intoquere (“to twist”) equivalent to in- (“in-”) + torquereto (“twist”).

2002, Sunita Agarwal, Athiya Agarwal, David J. Apple, Textbook of Ophthalmology, Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers, India, psge 338,
If we tilt the head to the right, the right eye will intort and the left eye will extort. […] So, if the right eye intorts, it means the superiors in that eye (RSR and RSO) work and if the left eye extorts it means the inferiors of that eye (LIO and LIR) work.

For the right labyrinth, however, both vertical semicircular canals produce clockwise slow phases (ipsilateral eye intorts, contralateral eye extorts).

2003, Thomas Brandt, Vertigo: Its Multisensory Syndromes, page 194:

Figure 18.12. The needles are withdrawn from the sclera, and the sutures are pulled to advance the anterior tendon laterally, while the eye is intorted by rotating it with the large hook.

2007, Kenneth Weston Wright, Color Atlas of Strabismus Surgery: Strategies and Techniques, page 185:

These conditions are reversed after every hemicycle, i.e. the previously higher intorted eye is then lowered and extorted, and the previously lowered extorted eye becomes higher and intorted (Fig. 3.7).

2011, Peter Urban, Louis R. Caplan, Brainstem Disorders, page 124:

(medicine, ophthalmology) To twist inwards.


anterior chamber

en-noun

anterior chamber (plural anterior chambers)

(anatomy, ophthalmology) A space inside the eye between the cornea and the iris, filled with aqueous humour.


posterior chamber

posterior chamber (plural posterior chambers)

(anatomy, ophthalmology) A narrow space inside the eye between the iris and the lens, filled with aqueous humour.


ROP

ROP (countable and uncountable, plural ROPs)

(ophthalmology) Initialism of retinopathy of prematurity.


quadrantanopsia

quadrantanopsia (countable and uncountable, plural quadrantanopsias)


applanation

applanation (countable and uncountable, plural applanations)

(pathology, ophthalmology) The flattening of the cornea, especially by the application of pressure.

aplanação

the flattening of the cornea by the application of pressure


keratoscope

(ophthalmology) An ophthalmic instrument for assessing the shape of the anterior surface of the cornea.


keratoscopy

(ophthalmology) The measurement of the shape of the anterior surface of the cornea.


keratoscleritis

(ophthalmology) Inflammation of the cornea and the sclera of the eye.


scleritis

(ophthalmology) Inflammation of the sclera of the eye.


keratocele

(ophthalmology) A herniation of Descemet's membrane in the eye.


hypometria

From ὑπο- (hupo-, corresponding to hypo-) + μέτρον (métron) + -ία (-ía)

af

corresponding to <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">hypo-</i>

Cerebellar dysfunction is characterized by truncal ataxia, a broad-based stance, dysmetria in which the limbs either overstep (hypermetria) or understep (hypometria), and tremor that is most pronounced when the animal attempts a goal-orientated movement (intention tremor).

2004, Johnny D. Hoskins, Geriatrics and Gerontology of the Dog and Cat, →ISBN, page 358:

(ophthalmology) Dysmetria in which the patient tends to undershoot the intended target.


hypermetria

From ὑπέρ (hupér, corresponding to hyper-) + μέτρον (métron) + -ία (-ía)

corresponding to <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">hyper-</i>

(ophthalmology) Dysmetria in which the patient tends to overshoot the intended target.


aphakic

Aphakic people are reported to be able to see ultraviolet wavelengths that are normally excluded by the lens.

(ophthalmology) Exhibiting aphakia; lacking the lens of the eye.


anomaloscope

/əˈnɒmələʊskəʊp/

From German Anomaloskop, from Ancient Greek ἀνώμαλος (anṓmalos, “irregular, uneven”) (from Ancient Greek ᾰ̓- (ă-, “a-, prefix meaning ‘not’”) + ὁμᾰλός (homălós, “even, level”)) + σκοπέω (skopéō, “to look, to look at; to examine, to inspect”) (from Proto-Indo-European *sḱop, ultimately from *speḱ- (“to see; to look, to observe”)).

der

The anomaloscope contains a red-green scale from which may be read a number that is proportional to the amount of red in the mixture field, and a Y scale from which is read a number proportional to the luminance of the test color. In testing an observer, the examiner notes the scale values, which then are available for further transformation as noted for the Nagel anomaloscope.

1981, Committee on Vision, National Research Council, “Color Vision Tests”, in Procedures for Testing Color Vision: Report of Working Group 41, Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press, →OCLC, page 38:

For the differentiation between color vision defects of retinal origin and color defects as a result of optic nerve disease the determination of the neutral zone and anomaloscope examination are important.

1982, A. Pinckers, “Minimal Requirements for Color Vision Examination”, in G[uy] Verriest, editor, Colour Vision Deficiencies VI: Proceedings of the Sixth Symposium of the International Research Group on Colour Vision Deficiencies Held at the Klinikum der Freien Universität, (West) Berlin-Steglitz, 17–19 September 1981 (Documenta Ophthalmologia, Proceedings Series; 33), The Hague: Dr W. Junk Publishers, →ISBN, abstract, page 169:

Anomaloscopes are instruments that assess the ability to make metametric matches. The results are used for definitive diagnosis and quantitative assessment of color vision status. Anomoloscopes are much more difficult to administer than pseudoisochromatic plates and arrangement tests. The first anomaloscope was designed by Nagel and is based on the color match known as the Rayleigh equation, that is, R + G = Y.

2014, Harinder Singh Sethi, “Color Vision and Color Blindness”, in H. V. Nema, Nitin Nema, editors, Diagnostic Procedures in Ophthalmology, 3rd edition, New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers, →ISBN, page 22:

(ophthalmology) An instrument used to test for color blindness by measuring quantitative and qualitative anomalies in color perception.


antimetropia

en-noun

antimetropia (usually uncountable, plural antimetropias)

(ophthalmology) An extreme form of anisometropia in which one eye is myopic and the other hyperopic.


phaco

(surgery, ophthalmology, informal) Clipping of phacoemulsification.


polycoria

(medicine, ophthalmology) A pathological condition of the eye, characterized by more than one pupillary opening in the iris.


dacryolith

(ophthalmology) A concretion of material in a lacrymal or nasal duct.


-opsia

From Koine Greek -οψία (-opsía), related to ὀπτικός (optikós, “optic, pertaining to sight”).

(ophthalmology) Forming compound nouns denoting specific deficiencies of sight.


homochromia

(medicine, ophthalmology) The anatomical state in which the same pigmentation or coloring occurs in the eyes, skin or hair.


dacryocystorhinostomy

dacryocystorhinostomies (plural)
dacryocystorhinotomy (alternative)

From dacryo- + cysto- + rhino- + -stomy or dacryocyst + -o- + rhino- + -stomy.

(ophthalmology) A surgical procedure to restore the flow of tears into the nose from the lacrimal sac when the nasolacrimal duct does not function.


dacryoadenectomy

dacryoadenectomy (countable and uncountable, plural dacryoadenectomies)

(surgery, ophthalmology) The surgical removal of a lacrimal gland.


dacryocystostomy

dacryocystostomy (countable and uncountable, plural dacryocystostomies)

(surgery, ophthalmology) A surgical incision into the lacrimal sac, usually to promote drainage.


dacryocystotomy

From dacryocyst + -otomy or dacryo- + cysto- + -tomy.

(surgery, ophthalmology) A surgical incision into the lacrimal sac.


MEM

monocular estimate method
w:monocular estimate method

(ophthalmology) Initialism of monocular estimate method.


meibomian gland

meibomian gland (plural meibomian glands)

meibomian glands (plural)
Meibomian gland (alternative)

(ophthalmology, anatomy) A sebaceous gland at the rim of the eyelids, responsible for the production of meibum.


overaccommodation

(ophthalmology) The improper adjustment of the eye muscles so that the focal point of a target image falls behind the retina.


Argyll Robertson pupil

Argyll Robertson pupil (plural Argyll Robertson pupils)

Named after Douglas Argyll Robertson (1837–1909), a Scottish ophthalmologist and surgeon, who described the condition in the mid-1860s.

(ophthalmology, pathology) A bilateral small pupil of the eye that reduces in size when the patient focuses on a near object but does not constrict when exposed to bright light. It is a sign of neurosyphilis.

segno di Argyll Robertson

a bilateral small pupil of the eye that reduces in size when the patient focuses on a near object but does not constrict when exposed to bright light. It is a sign of neurosyphilis


deuteranomaly

deuteranomaly (countable and uncountable, plural deuteranomalies)

(ophthalmology) A form of anomalous trichromacy involving a reduction in sensitivity to the green area of the spectrum.


dacryocystocele

From dacryocyst + -o- + -cele or dacryo- + cysto- + -cele.

(embryology, ophthalmology) A benign, bluish-gray mass in the inferomedial canthus that forms as a result of a narrowing or obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct, usually during prenatal development.


cyclotropia

cyclotropia (countable and uncountable, plural cyclotropias)

(medicine, ophthalmology) A form of strabismus in which, compared to the correct positioning of the eyes, there is a torsion of one eye (or both) about the eye's visual axis. Consequently, the visual fields of the two eyes appear tilted relative to each other.


ophthalmopathy

ophthalmopathy (countable and uncountable, plural ophthalmopathies)


underaccommodation

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-underaccommodation.wav

...attributed to the fact that infantile astigmatism can disrupt emmetropization by reducing an infant sensitivity to focusing signals, thus leading to underaccomodation or alignment impairment with a physiological fix of elongated eye ball [18].

2016, Moheem Masumali Halari, Chidambra Dhariwal Halari, Otohinoyi David Adeiza, D'Souza Ryan Alex Francis, Igberi Ugochi Calista, Akanbi Hameed Ayotunde, “Prevalence of Eye Defects Among Medical Students in Dominica”, in erican Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences, volume 18, number 1:

(ophthalmology) The improper adjustment of the eye muscles so that the focal point of a target image falls short of the retina.


ametropic

en-adj

ametropic (comparative more ametropic, superlative most ametropic)

more ametropic (comparative)
most ametropic (superlative)

(ophthalmology) Relating to or suffering from ametropia


nasolacrimal sac

en-noun

nasolacrimal sac (plural nasolacrimal sacs)

(anatomy, ophthalmology) Synonym of lacrimal sac.


rhexis

rhexis (countable and uncountable, plural rhexes)

Many times if the rhexis is incomplete, one might have to convert to an extracapsular cataract extraction to prevent a posterior capsular rupture or nucleus drop.

2006, Mastering the Techniques of Presbyopia Surgery:

(medicine, especially ophthalmology) The rupture of an organ.


ERG

(ophthalmology) Initialism of electroretinogram.


merangiotic

Due to the merangiotic nature of rabbit retina, most of the blood supply of the inner retina is derived from the choriocapillaris [47 ], which would likely lead to rapid retinal damage, if blocked by a non-permeable implant.

2015 November 26, “Ultrathin Polyimide Membrane as Cell Carrier for Subretinal Transplantation of Human Embryonic Stem Cell Derived Retinal Pigment Epithelium”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(ophthalmology) Having blood vessels localized to a specific region of the retina.


keratic

He also told me that he could see, on the cornea of my right eye, two keratic precipitates.

2005, Hugh Cook, Cancer Patient, →ISBN, page 50:

The patient then developed an allograft reaction; keratic deposits were present on the posterior surface of the graft, and the aqueous humour in the pocket between the membrane and the graft showed a positive ray with cells.

2009, CIBA Foundation Symposium, Corneal Graft Failure, →ISBN, page 11:

Oedema may be so extensive that the keratic precipitates are not appreciated.

2012, A.K. Gupta, Clinical Ophthalmology, →ISBN:

(ophthalmology) Arising from the cornea.


keratotorus

In contrast to keratoconus, which can be regarded as an irregular deformity, there is keratotorus in which there is regular increase in curvature over a limited area of the cornea.

1972, Arnold Sorsby, Modern ophthalmology: Topical aspects, →ISBN, page 246:

The effect of such a peripheral ectasia may be the development of irregular astigmatism, although in this case it would result from keratotorus which is an inverse form of keratoconus.

1980, Ronald A. Schachar, Norman S. Levy, Les Schachar, Radial Keratotomy, page 159:

There is some consensus that keratoconus, keratotorus, keratoglobus, and pellucid zone degeneration are related because these different conditions have been found to coexist in families.

2000, Daniel M. Albert, Frederick A. Jakobiec, Principles and Practice of Ophthalmology, →ISBN, page 735:

(ophthalmology) A corneal herniation accompanied by severe regular myopic astigmatism.


transcaruncularly

(ophthalmology) In a transcaruncular manner.


EOG

A ground electrode located between Fpz and Fz. The electro-oculogram (EOG) was recorded bipolarly from two electrodes placed at the outer canthi of the right eye and below the left eye.

2015 August 26, “Effects of Relaxing Music on Mental Fatigue Induced by a Continuous Performance Task: Behavioral and ERPs Evidence”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(ophthalmology) Abbreviation of electrooculogram or electrooculography.


funduscope

funduscopes (plural)
fundoscope (alternative)

(ophthalmology) An instrument for examining the interior of the eye (that is, for funduscopy).


punctal plug

The punctal plug has been found useful in treating keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eye) and is believed to be suitable for treating other ophthalmic ailments where retention of lacrimal fluid on the surface of the eye and in the lacrimal lake is desired or where sustained release of an ophthalmic medication to the eye by using the plug as a medication carrier is desired.

1976 April 13, Jerre M. Freeman, Punctum plug and method for treating keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eye) and other ophthalmic aliments using same, US Patent 3949750 (PDF version):

(ophthalmology) A small device that is inserted into the tear duct of an eye to block the duct, preventing the drainage of liquid from the eye.


autorefractometry

The subjective verification of refraction is a must even after autorefractometry.

2003, Khurana, Ophthalmology, →ISBN, page 69:

Refraction was measured three times using autorefractometry (ARK-900, NIDEK, Gamagori, Aichi, Japan) and an average value was calculated.

2005, Steve M. Reece, Focus on Glaucoma Research, →ISBN, page 51:

Nevertheless, in expert hands, it is a very useful method and very close to reality; it does not allow the level of precision necessary for refractive surgery whereby, like autorefractometry, it may be used as an indication to be verified using other instruments.

2007, Paolo Vinciguerra, Fabrizio I. Camesasca, Refractive Surface Ablation, →ISBN, page 49:

(ophthalmology) The use of an autorefractometer


autorefractometer

The computerised, autorefractometer quickly gives information about the refractive error of the patient in terms of sphere, cylinder with axis and interpupillary distance.

2003 -, Khurana, Ophthalmology, →ISBN, page 69:

The autorefractometer is now routinely used as the first approach.

2007, Paolo Vinciguerra, Fabrizio I. Camesasca, Refractive Surface Ablation, →ISBN, page 48:

The advent of autorefractometer has changed the scenario of eye examination procedure. Today many practitioners have started relying more on autorefractometer for the simple reason of its speed and accuracy.

2014, Ajay Kumar Bhootra, Clinical Refraction Guide, →ISBN, page 85:

(ophthalmology) A device that uses infrared light to measure the refractive status of the eye.


dacryocyst

(anatomy, ophthalmology) The lacrimal sac.


ophthalmopathic

(ophthalmology) Relating to eye disease.


dacryocele

(embryology, ophthalmology) Synonym of dacryocystocele


dacryocystogram

From dacryo- + cystogram or dacryocyst + -o- + -gram.

(ophthalmology) A radiograph of the lacrimal apparatus.


dacryolithiasis

From dacryo- + lithiasis or dacryolith + -iasis.

(ophthalmology) The formation, or the presence of dacryoliths.


under-accommodate

en-verb

under-accommodate (third-person singular simple present under-accommodates, present participle under-accommodating, simple past and past participle under-accommodated)

under-accommodates (present singular third-person)
under-accommodating (participle present)
under-accommodated (participle past)
under-accommodated (past)
underaccommodate (alternative)

The mean refractive error at six metres for the subjects was !-0.14D. and so the average total accommodation exerted was (0.14 + 2.51) 2.65D. for a dioptric distance of 3.0D. Thus, all of the observers under-accommodated for the near fixation distance when white light was used.

1963, British journal of physiological optics:

When Cegalis measured accommodative responses to changes in convergence distance caused by ophthalmic prisms, he found that although subjects initially under-accommodated the target, they quickly adapted for near target distances, with no significant after-effects.

1996, Mark T. Bolas, Scott S. Fisher, John O. Merritt -, Stereoscopic Displays and Virtual Reality Systems, →ISBN:

We have reported that defective accommodation is common in children with Down syndrome" even at 3 months of age;" that is, the children under-accommodate for near targets.

2000, Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science:

(ophthalmology) To adjust the focal point of the eye so that the image of the target falls short of the retina.


under-accommodated

en-adj

under-accommodated (comparative more under-accommodated, superlative most under-accommodated)

more under-accommodated (comparative)
most under-accommodated (superlative)

The eye is under-accommodated for near objects but over-accommodated for distant ones.

1975, Frederick M. Toates, Control theory in biology and experimental psychology, page 129:

Assume that the receptors are aligned with a point on the nasal side of the pupil, (a) For an under-accommodated image, light rays on the nasal side are better aligned with receptors than those on the temporal side, (b) For an over-accommodated image, temporal light rays are better aligned with receptors than nasal rays.

2002, Ian P. Howard, Brian J. Rogers, Seeing in Depth - Volume 1, →ISBN, page 363:

If the eye is over-accommodated the derivative of the changes in lens power and the derivative of the changes in contrast will have the opposite signs as these two signals will be out of phase; and vice versa for an under-accommodated eye.

2008, Christopher Dainty, Adaptive Optics for Industry and Medicine, →ISBN:

(ophthalmology) Involving a focal point that falls short of the retina.


over-accommodated

over-accommodated (comparative more over-accommodated, superlative most over-accommodated)

more over-accommodated (comparative)
most over-accommodated (superlative)

(ophthalmology) Involving a focal point that falls behind the retina.


boxcarring

(ophthalmology) Synonym of cattle trucking (“diagnostic feature of retinal artery occlusion caused by the segmentation of the blood column within the retinal vessels”).


transcaruncular

(ophthalmology) Of an ophthalmological operation: between the lacrimal caruncle and the adjacent scleral tissue, usually to treat caruncular inflammation and/or intumescence.


aberroscope

(ophthalmology) An instrument used to observe aberration of the eye


orbital apex syndrome

en-noun

orbital apex syndrome (usually uncountable, plural orbital apex syndromes)

(ophthalmology, neurology) A collection of cranial nerve deficits associated with a mass lesion near the apex of the orbit, often leading to ophthalmoplegia.


dacryocystography

From dacryo- + cystography or dacryocyst + -o- + -graphy.

(ophthalmology) A radiography of the lacrimal apparatus.


incomitant

(ophthalmology) Describing the eye tracking misalignment that is not dependent on direction of gaze; often used to describe strabismus


paurangiotic

en-adj

paurangiotic (comparative more paurangiotic, superlative most paurangiotic)

more paurangiotic (comparative)
most paurangiotic (superlative)

(ophthalmology) Of or pertaining to a very sparsely vascularized retina, such as that found in the horse.


ICL

implantable collamer lens
w:implantable collamer lens

(ophthalmology) Initialism of implantable collamer lens.


LPS

levator palpebrae superioris
levator palpebrae superioris#English

(anatomy, ophthalmology) Initialism of levator palpebrae superioris.


normometric

(ophthalmology, rare) Referring to a saccade which has no undershoot (hypometria) or overshoot (hypermetria) and has an amplitude of thirty degrees.


CRVO

(ophthalmology) Initialism of central retinal vein occlusion.


CRAO

(ophthalmology) Initialism of central retinal artery occlusion.


BRVO

(ophthalmology) Initialism of branch retinal vein occlusion.


BRAO

(ophthalmology) Initialism of branch retinal artery occlusion.


POAG

(ophthalmology) Initialism of primary open-angle glaucoma.


AACG

(ophthalmology) Initialism of acute angle-closure glaucoma.


bimicroscope

(ophthalmology) A low magnification twin-eyepiece microscope used to examine eyes, often with a slitlamp.


sensation time

en-noun

sensation time (countable and uncountable, plural sensation times)

(medicine, ophthalmology) The minimal amount of time in which a visual image must be exposed in order to be perceived.


fading time

fading time (countable and uncountable, plural fading times)

(medicine, ophthalmology) The amount of time required for a constant stimulus that is applied to a fixed area of the peripheral visual field to dissipate.


eyelash forceps

(cosmetics, ophthalmology) An implement used to apply eyelash extensions and to remove eyelashes during an ophthalmologic procedure.


cattle trucking

Angiographic findings associated with CRAO and BRAO include delayed filling of the affected vessels, reduced arterial calibre and “cattle-trucking” of the blood column in the branch arteries.

2000, S Beatty, K G Au Eong, “Acute occlusion of the retinal arteries: current concepts and recent advances in diagnosis and management”, in Journal of Accident and Emergency Medicine, volume 17, number 5, →DOI, page 326:

(ophthalmology) A diagnostic feature of retinal artery occlusion caused by the segmentation of the blood column within the retinal vessels, as seen on fundoscopy, fundus photography, or fluorescein angiography.


cyclitic

The retina, together with cyclitic bands, encloses completely the posterior section of the eye.

1899, Louis Stricker, The Crystalline Lens System:

The frequency distributions of cell areas in the cyclitic eyes and the normal ones skewed similarly to the right (Fig. 4).

1986, Anja Ihalainen, Acta Ophthalmologica - Volume 64, page 627:

One patient presented with cyclitic glaucoma which was found to be due to toxoplasmic chorioretinitis and was therefore excluded from the series.

1989, Anne M. V. Brooks, “Cyclitic glaucoma”, in Australian and New Zealand Journal of Ophthalmology, page 161:

This operation has already been repeatedly performed with favorable results (Ed. Meyer, Laurence, Secondi), but iis unreliable (Critchett, Mooren), leads in half the cases to phthisis bulbe (Ed. Meyer), and succeeds only in those cases in which one or the other bundle of ciliary nerves is manifestly irritated, and the second eye is becoming involved; it must, however, necessarily fail where the ciliary body is completely involved in the cyclitic process , and where this is indicated by the sensitiveness to palpation at every single point of the anterior scleral zone.

2023, Carl Stellwag, Treatise on the Diseases of the Eye, page 302:

(ophthalmology) Pertaining to inflammation of the ciliary body of the eye; Related to or involving cyclitis.


Graves' ophthalmopathy

(medicine, ophthalmology) An autoimmune inflammatory disorder of the orbit and periorbital tissues.


snowball opacity

snowball opacity (countable and uncountable, plural snowball opacities)

(medicine, ophthalmology) Small, round, white or yellow-white deposits in the vitreous humor, associated with inflammation.