precariat

precariat (countable and uncountable, plural precariats)

Blend of precarious + proletariat, popularized by economist Guy Standing in his book The Precariat (2011).

The global precariat is not yet a class in the Marxian sense, being internally divided and only united in fears and insecurities. But it is a class in the making, approaching a consciousness of common vulnerability.

2011 June 1, Guy Standing, “Who will be a voice for the emerging precariat?”, in The Guardian:

Professor [Stephanie] Luce characterized the protesters who had problems finding full-time work as part of an emerging demographic that some commentators call the “precariat” — educated people forced into unsteady or insecure jobs because little else is available.

[2013 January 28, Colin Moynihan, “In 'Occupy,' Well-Educated Professionals Far Outnumbered Jobless, Study Finds”, in New York Times City Room:

The American Precariat seems more hunkered down, insecure, risk averse, relying on friends and family but without faith in American possibilities. This fatalism is historically uncharacteristic of America.

2014 February 11, David Brooks, “The American Precariat”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

My first encounter with one group of the new nomads came in 2013, at the Desert Rose RV park in Fernley, Nevada. It was populated by members of the “precariat”: temporary laborers doing short-term jobs in exchange for low wages.

2017 December 2, Jessica Bruder, “Living in cars, working for Amazon: meet America's new nomads”, in The Guardian:

Second, there is the precariat. These are the young and educated voters caught in the gig economy, who see no career security ahead.

2019 December 13, David Brooks, “The Politics of Exhaustion”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

(sociology, collective) People suffering from precarity, especially as a social class; people living a precarious existence, without security or predictability, especially job security.


foldback

en-noun

foldback (countable and uncountable, plural foldbacks)

(social sciences) A multimethod research approach that includes open-ended interviewing, nominal group dialogue, survey and attitude scaling techniques, and multidimensional and cluster analyses.


community language

community language (plural community languages)

Commonly spoken community languages in Australia include Cantonese, Mandarin, Vietnamese, Arabic, Greek, Italian, indigenous languages, and so on.

(sociology, linguistics) An unofficial language spoken by a minority of people.

1985 UNESCO Regional Office for Education in Africa. 1985. African community languages and their use in literacy and education : a regional survey. Dakar : UNESCO.
Such languages, which serve the purposes of general communication over fairly wide areas within countries, are what are referred to as the community languages of Africa.

(sociology, linguistics) An unofficial language spoken as a local lingua franca among people of diverse ethno-linguistic backgrounds.


sexuo-economic

In Gilman's evolutionary theory of gender inequality, sexuo-economic relations occur when sex relations and economic relations overlap fundamentally.

2009, Kenneth Allan, Explorations in Classical Sociological Theory: Seeing the Social World, Pine Forge Press, →ISBN, page 311:

(sociology) Concerning the economics of human sexuality.


egression

Experience and the will of one person were becoming an increasingly more determining moment in the practice of the entire collective: a stable egression was developing.

1980, Aleksandr Bogdanov, Essays in Tektology, page 169:

The most obvious example of egression was the relationship of the brain to the sensory organs and other nerve centres of the body.

2018, James White, Red Hamlet, page 305:

In machine production a new link of egression –a mechanism –is introduced between the hand of man and the working tool. Thus, a new broadening of egression is also achieved, and quite a significant one at that: the mechanism is free from the biological limitation of organs of the body and can control at the same time an indefinitely large number of instruments.

2022, Boris Groys, Philosophy of Care, page 93:

(sociology, systems theory) A centralized or top-down organization.


Arnoldian

en-adj

Arnoldian (comparative more Arnoldian, superlative most Arnoldian)

more Arnoldian (comparative)
most Arnoldian (superlative)

In the end, as Seabrook sees it, the law of Nobrow is simple: the Arnoldian criterion of ‘the best that is known and thought’ is long gone, and what rules is the Buzz principle of whatever is hot.

2000 September 21, Hal Foster, “Slumming with Rappers at the Roxy”, in London Review of Books, volume 22, number 18, →ISSN:

(sociology) Of or relating to Matthew Arnold (1822–1888), British poet and cultural critic.


antiethnic

antiethnic (comparative more antiethnic, superlative most antiethnic)

more antiethnic (comparative)
most antiethnic (superlative)

antiethnic crimes

(sociology) Opposing those of a particular ethnicity.

antiétnico

opposing those of a particular ethnicity


microaggression

en-noun

microaggression (countable and uncountable, plural microaggressions)

From micro- + aggression, coined by American psychiatrist Chester M. Pierce in 1970.

coin

At McGill, someone has established a McGill Microaggressions website inviting students and staff to report instances of “sexism, heteropatriarchy, transphobia, classism, racism [and] ableism.”

2014 February 18, Graeme Hamilton, “McGill student forced to apologize for racial ‘microaggression’ after emailing joke Obama clip”, in National Post, retrieved 2014-02-19:

Two terms have risen quickly from obscurity into common campus parlance. Microaggressions are small actions or word choices that seem on their face to have no malicious intent but that are thought of as a kind of violence nonetheless.

2015 September, Greg Lukianoff, Jonathan Haidt, “The Coddling of the American Mind”, in The Atlantic:

For many of us, microaggressions are so commonplace that it seems impossible to tackle them one at a time. Psychologists often compare them to death by a thousand cuts.

2020 March 3, Hahna Yoon, “How to Respond to Microaggressions”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

Ask whether microaggressions merit the same response as physical assault and the Elect do not receive this as a challenging query.

2021, John H. McWhorter, chapter 6, in Woke Racism, New York: Forum, →ISBN:

(sociology, chiefly US) Any small-scale verbal or physical interaction between those of different races, cultures, beliefs, or genders that may have no malicious intent, but that can be interpreted as an aggression.

microagressió

everyday interaction interpreted as aggression


microassault

(sociology) A form or instance of microaggression involving purposeful discriminatory action, such as a verbal attack or avoidant behaviour.


microinsult

In contrast to microassaults, microinsults and microinvalidations function as unconscious expressions of sexist ideals, making them more difficult to detect. Microinsults are characterized by covert expressions of ethnocentrism and patriarchy. Gender-based microinsults convey hidden offensive messages, while the perpetrators may remain unaware of the negative connotations reflected by their words and actions.

2017, Kevin L. Nadal, The SAGE Encyclopedia of Psychology and Gender, SAGE Publications, →ISBN, page 1182:

(sociology) A form or instance of microaggression that demeans a person's racial heritage or identity.


microinvalidation

(sociology) A form of microaggression that excludes or negates a person's experience, thoughts or feelings.


positionality

en-noun

positionality (countable and uncountable, plural positionalities)

In the post-civil rights era, some white men have adopted a marginalized positionality in an effort to reclaim the tacit social privileges of being white, heterosexual and male.

2007, Sean Brayton, “MTV's Jackass: Transgression, Abjection and the Economy of White Masculinity”, in Journal of Gender Studies, volume 16, page 58:

Many of my liberal friends and acquaintances now seem to believe that being a good person means constantly reminding Black people that you are aware of their Blackness. Difference, no longer to be politely ignored, is insisted upon at all times under the guise of acknowledging “positionality.”

2023 August 14, Tyler Austin Harper, “I’m a Black Professor. You Don’t Need to Bring That Up.”, in The Atlantic:

(sociology) The social context one inhabits that shapes and defines a person's identity and perspective.


alloparent

And Hrdy further suggests that the immersion of human babies in a pool of alloparents would have honed the mind-reading skills and empathy that are so important to our species, faster than anything else.

2011, Chris Stringer, The Origin of Our Species, Penguin, published 2012, page 142:

In non-humans, alloparents include relatives who have kin-based incentives to help and nonrelatives who are under coercive threat or have no better option for survival.

2016, Joseph Henrich, chapter 16, in The Secret of Our Success […] , Princeton: Princeton University Press, →ISBN:

Maybe my kids should spend more time with my sister and her kids. Maybe my colleague who has kids around the same age as mine, we should do more sleepovers. So there are all sorts of ways in which could imagine just bringing other alloparents into a relationship.

2023 June 9, Ezra Klein, quoting Kristen Ghodsee, “The Ezra Klein Show: What Communes and Other Radical Experiments in Living Together Reveal”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

(biology, sociology) An adult animal or person involved in parent-like behaviour towards an individual that is not his or her offspring.


sociofunctional

(sociology) relating to social (or structural) functionalism


sociopolitics

(sociology) The sociological aspects of politics


sociosexuality

(sociology) The sociological aspects of sexuality.

(social sciences) Personal predisposition to engage in sexual activity outside of a committed relationship.


persistor

(sociology) A person who persists in unsocial behaviour


T-V distinction

T-V distinction (plural T-V distinctions)

From Latin tū (“thou, singular you”) and vōs (“ye, plural you”).

(sociolinguistics) The distinction between a formal and an informal second-person pronoun in some languages.


counterdiscursive

en-adj

counterdiscursive (comparative more counterdiscursive, superlative most counterdiscursive)

more counterdiscursive (comparative)
most counterdiscursive (superlative)

All of their texts, which were written during the 1980s and 1990s, share an oppositional and counterdiscursive impulse through which they express the possibility of a community different from that offered by the dominant culture.

2001, Petra Fachinger, Rewriting Germany from the Margins, page 5:

Postcolonial analyses of cultural production study counterdiscursive practices in cultures affected by the imperial enterprise, such as the legacy of subjugation and resistance of the black populations of the Americas.

2003, Dorothy E. Mosby, Place, Language, and Identity in Afro-Costa Rican Literature, page 27:

Overcompensating for anti-fat rhetorics by emphasizing the relative health and beauty of fatness, is I guess, a rather inevitable step in fighting for the rights of oppressed groups by performing counterdiscursive fat perfection.

2008, Lesleigh J. Owen, Living large in a size medium world, page 134:

(social sciences) Opposing or countering a discourse, or institutionalized way of thinking.


antidiscursive

antidiscursive (comparative more antidiscursive, superlative most antidiscursive)

more antidiscursive (comparative)
most antidiscursive (superlative)

(social sciences) Opposing a discourse, or institutionalized way of thinking.

antidiscursivo

opposing an institutionalized way of thinking


situatedness

en-noun

situatedness (countable and uncountable, plural situatednesses)


ideologeme

So we will show in what follows that Frye's entire discussion of romance turns on a presupposition—the ethical axis of good and evil—which needs to be historically problematized in its turn, and which will prove to be an ideologeme that articulates a social and historical contradiction.

1981, Fredric Jameson, The Political Unconscious: Narrative as a Socially Symbolic Act:

It is not sufficient, however, only to identify ideologemes as a special category of language units. We must also analyze and systematize relationships between ideologemes in order to discover a model that gives rise to varied ideological uses of language.

1995, Mikhail Epstein, After the Future: The Paradoxes of Postmodernism and Contemporary Russian Culture:

(sociology) A fundamental unit of ideology.


anticlass

en-adj

anticlass (comparative more anticlass, superlative most anticlass)

more anticlass (comparative)
most anticlass (superlative)

He called for an anticlass posture in intrahuman affairs[…]

2003, Frederic L. Bender, The culture of extinction: toward a philosophy of deep ecology:

(sociology) Opposed to a class system in society.


antipositivism

(social sciences) The view that the social realm may not be subject to the same methods of investigation as the natural world.

antipositivismo

the view that the social realm may not be subject to the same methods of investigation as the natural world


antipositivistic

antipositivistic (comparative more antipositivistic, superlative most antipositivistic)

more antipositivistic (comparative)
most antipositivistic (superlative)

(social sciences) Relating to antipositivism.


antipositivist

antipositivist (comparative more antipositivist, superlative most antipositivist)

more antipositivist (comparative)
most antipositivist (superlative)


antipositivist

(social sciences) An advocate of antipositivism.


responsibilization

en-noun

responsibilization (usually uncountable, plural responsibilizations)

responsibilizations (plural)
responsibilisation (alternative)

Responsibilization strategies involve a series of new techniques and methods "whereby the state seeks to bring about action on the part of private agencies and individuals - either by stimulating new forms of behaviour or by stopping established habits" (emphasis in the original).

2001, Kelly Hannah-Moffat, Punishment in Disguise, →ISBN:

While responsibilization has become closely associated with neo-liberalism, with its inducement that individuals become entrepreneurs, it should be noted that responsibilization played a significant role in other historical periods.

2003, Richard Victor Ericson, Aaron Doyle, Risk and Morality, →ISBN, page 189:

Responsibilization is not an inherent entailment of devolution; there are decidedly more empowering and more democratic potentials for devolved decision making.

2015, Wendy Brown, Undoing the Demos: Neoliberalism's Stealth Revolution, →ISBN, page 134:

(sociology) The transfer of responsibility from higher authorities to communities or individuals who are then called on to take an active role in resolving their own problems.


parentification

(sociology, psychology) A process of role reversal whereby a child is obliged to act as a parent to its own parent or sibling.

親職化 /亲职化

a process of role reversal whereby a child is obliged to act as parent to its own parent


chronolect

From chrono- (“time”) + -lect (“[language] variety”).

confix

Koine and Byzantine are chronolects of Greek.

Taking lect in the sense of ‘variety’ (and not ‘social variety’), I have coined spatiolect ‘spatial variety’, chronolect ‘chronological variety’, communolect ‘variety of a community (however defined)’, ecolect ‘variety of an economic class’, ethnolect ‘variety of an ethnic group’, religiolect ‘variety of a religious group’, sexlect ‘variety of one of the sexes or of people with a certain sexual orientation’, urbolect ‘urban variety’, and rurolect ‘rural variety’.

1981, Leuvense Bĳdragen, volume LXX, Martinus Nĳhoff Publishers, page 52:

(linguistics, sociolinguistics) A specific variety of a language at a given time in its history of development.


antistructuralism

(sociology) Opposition to structuralism.


antistructuralist

(sociology) One who opposes structuralism.


antistructural

en-adj

antistructural (comparative more antistructural, superlative most antistructural)

more antistructural (comparative)
most antistructural (superlative)

(sociology) Of or relating to antistructure.

(sociology) Of or relating to antistructuralism.


counterdiscourse

Counterdiscourses such as postcolonial and resistance literatures struggle with their hybrid nature. They generally find it necessary to appropriate the language and techniques of the center which they oppose.

1999, Greg Carey, Elusive Apocalypse: Reading Authority in the Revelation to John:

(social sciences) A way of thinking that opposes an institutionalized discourse.


antitradition

antitradition (comparative more antitradition, superlative most antitradition)

more antitradition (comparative)
most antitradition (superlative)


antiprison

antiprison (comparative more antiprison, superlative most antiprison)

more antiprison (comparative)
most antiprison (superlative)

During my own career as an antiprison activist I have seen the population of U.S. prisons increase with such rapidity that many people in black, Latino, and Native American communities now have a far greater chance of going to prison than of getting a decent education. When many young people decide to join the military service in order to avoid the inevitability of a stint in prison, it should cause us to wonder whether we should not try to introduce better alternatives.

2003, Angela Y. Davis, chapter 1, in Are Prisons Obsolete?, archived from the original on 2023-05-19, page 10:


antipatriarchy

antipatriarchy (comparative more antipatriarchy, superlative most antipatriarchy)

more antipatriarchy (comparative)
most antipatriarchy (superlative)


antipatriarchal

antipatriarchal (comparative more antipatriarchal, superlative most antipatriarchal)

more antipatriarchal (comparative)
most antipatriarchal (superlative)

[…] a new mode of masculine dominance in which men can demonstrate their confidence and power by suggesting that they are “man enough” to ridicule dominant norms of manhood. It is through these contradictions that Dickhouse Productions carries on skateboarding culture’s process of criticizing masculinity without being antipatriarchal.

2009, Emily Chivers Yochim, Skate Life, page 115:


sociospatial

(sociology) Relating to sociological aspects of (mostly urban) spaces.


desublimate

en-verb

desublimate (third-person singular simple present desublimates, present participle desublimating, simple past and past participle desublimated)

desublimates (present singular third-person)
desublimating (participle present)
desublimated (participle past)
desublimated (past)

However, the question remains as to why the text does not desublimate the hard-boiled genre's investments around gender, sexuality, race, and nation with the same sort of scrupulous rigor that it demystifies the economic and social ideology of the form.

2005, Christopher Breu, Hard-boiled Masculinities, →ISBN, page 81:

The practice of pornography teaches its subjects to desublimate the sensuous apprehension.

2000, Allison Pease, Modernism, Mass Culture, and the Aesthetics of Obscenity, →ISBN, page 85:

When we desublimate the things we have repressed, we create a space in which we feel liberated to be as monstrous as we wish.

2012, Luke Howie, Witnesses to Terror, →ISBN, page 121:

(transitive, sociology) Make explicit that which has been sublimated or obscured because it is not socially acceptable.


afterburn

en-noun

afterburn (countable and uncountable, plural afterburns)

(sociology) The practice of criticizing a person after they have left, or stopped contributing to the conversation.


postmaterialism

Someone's placing higher importance on nonmaterialist values such as autonomy and self-expression, as opposed to materialist values such as economic and physical wellbeing.

(sociology) The theory that a positive correlation exists between one's level of affluence during childhood and such values, and that these persist throughout adulthood irrespective of any changes to one's personal economic circumstances.


adultoid

Greenberger and Steinberg coined the term “adultoid” to describe adolescents who engage in activities, often “risky” activities, that symbolize adult status (e.g., smoking, drinking, staying out late, having sex).

2005, Francis J. Turner, Social Work Diagnosis in Contemporary Practice, page 29:

This link between an older subjective age and engagement in problem behaviors supports the existence of adultoid or pseudomature adolescents who have been described in theoretical literature, but until recently, remained unidentified empirically.

2011, Margaret Kerr, Understanding Girls' Problem Behavior:

Personal conversations I had with teachers/counsellors in different high schools responsible for overseeing RAP certainly indicated that, at least initially, students' confidence about their newly discovered sense of maturity was closer to pseudomaturity or adultoid behaviour.

2014, Wolfgana Lehmann, Choosing to Labour?: School-Work Transitions and Social Class:

(sociology) An adolescent who engages in activities that symbolize adult status.


antisociety

(sociology) A usually underground or marginalized social group formed in opposition to mainstream society.


invisiblize

en-verb

invisiblize (third-person singular simple present invisiblizes, present participle invisiblizing, simple past and past participle invisiblized)

invisiblizes (present singular third-person)
invisiblizing (participle present)
invisiblized (participle past)
invisiblized (past)
invisibilize (alternative)
invisiblise (alternative)

[…] there is also the danger […] that such a critique recuperates gender in terms that quite literally invisiblize the very issues of race and ethnicity which, as Rolling Stone demonstrates, are crucial to an understanding […] of rock as a musical/cultural practice.

2002, Roger Beebe, Denise Fulbrook, Ben Saunders, Rock Over the Edge: Transformations in Popular Music Culture:

Furthermore, I claim this subordinate place to traditional medical systems tends to create a perception that holistic health practices are only now emerging, which can invisiblize their long history of development and utilization[…]

2008, Donna A. Dragon, Toward Embodied Education, 1850s-2007, page 338:

(transitive, chiefly sociology) To make invisible; to marginalize so as to erase the presence or contributions of.


antiassimilationist

en-adj

antiassimilationist (comparative more antiassimilationist, superlative most antiassimilationist)

more antiassimilationist (comparative)
most antiassimilationist (superlative)


antistructure

en-noun

antistructure (countable and uncountable, plural antistructures)

From anti- + structure, introduced by Victor Turner.

(sociology) A sociocultural structure that intentionally counteracts the mainstream.

antiestrutura

a sociocultural structure that intentionally counteracts the mainstream


antipastoral

en-adj

antipastoral (comparative more antipastoral, superlative most antipastoral)

more antipastoral (comparative)
most antipastoral (superlative)

(literature, sociology) Eschewing pastoral literary themes and conventions.


male gaze

(sociology) The implicit assumption or presentation of the viewpoint of a heterosexual man in films and other visual media, often manifesting in lingering, eroticized shots of women's bodies.


demosophy

Elaboration of demosophy as a special doctrine assumes a new sociology of knowledge.

1931, Social Science Abstracts, volume 3, part 2, page 1332:

The central concept of Kohn is “demosophy,” a sort of sociology, which is not only observing, but creative and rejuvenating.

1937, Antonín Obrdlík, Bruno Zwicker, Survey of Recent Sociological Production in Czechoslovakia in American Sociological Review, volume 2, number 3, American Sociological Association, page 426

As democracy is a system to manage power, balancing individual interests through collective rule, so demosophy would be a system to manage knowledge, balancing individual experiences through collective wisdom.

2006, Peter Broks, Understanding Popular Science, Open University Press, page 154:

(folkloristics, sociology, rare) the wisdom of the people; collective wisdom


overaccommodation

(sociolinguistics) excessive convergence; the situation where a speaker is overaccommodative


overaccommodative

overaccommodative (comparative more overaccommodative, superlative most overaccommodative)

more overaccommodative (comparative)
most overaccommodative (superlative)


intentional community

en-noun

intentional community (plural intentional communities)

(sociology, urban studies) A voluntary residential community which is designed to have a high degree of social cohesion and teamwork.


cool pose

cool pose (countable and uncountable, plural cool poses)

Coined in the 1990s by Richard Majors and Janet Mancini Billson in Cool Pose: The Dilemmas of Black Manhood in America.

(sociology) A tough, fearless, aloof attitude said to be adopted by black men as a coping mechanism to deal with racial oppression.


action research

Coined by Kurt Lewin, then a professor at MIT, in 1944.

(sociology) Research where the researcher themselves is an agent of social action.


heterosociality

Gagnon (1990; Gagnon & Simon, 1973) proposed important and relevant differences in sexual scripts stemming from women's socialisation into heterosociality before heterosexuality, in contrast to men's socialisation into masturbation and heterosexuality before heterosociality.

2002, Barrie Gunter, Media Sex: What are the Issues?, →ISBN, page 67:

Potkay is noticing much the same thing, I suspect, when he opposes the polite heterosociality of eighteenth-century conversation, […]

2013, Chris Mounsey, Developments in the Histories of Sexualities, →ISBN, page 245:

(sociology, psychology) Social interaction between men and women.

hétérosocialité

sociality with members of the opposite sex


underaccommodation

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-underaccommodation.wav

Friendships with members of a younger cohort may also be marked by underaccomodation, a linguistic phenomenon in which older adults engage in egocentric topic selection during conversation.

2003, Charles M Dorn, John O. Greene, Brant Raney Burleson, Handbook of Communication and Social Interaction Skills, →ISBN, page 665:

(sociolinguistics) Insufficient convergence; the situation where a speaker is underaccommodative.


underaccommodative

en-adj

underaccommodative (comparative more underaccommodative, superlative most underaccommodative)

more underaccommodative (comparative)
most underaccommodative (superlative)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-underaccommodative.wav


allosexual

From allo- (“other”) + sexual. "Directed at or involving another rather than one's self" and "involving the other sex; heterosexual" are the most etymologically literal senses (regarding the latter sense, compare the structure of heterosexual), structural and semantic opposites of autosexual and isosexual. The sense "non-heterosexual" was influenced by (and had influence on) Canadian French allosexuel.

Allosexual behavior peaked during the follicular phase for both heterosexual women and lesbians.

2002, Mary H Burleson et al., “Sexual behavior in lesbian and heterosexual women: relations with menstrual cycle phase and partner availability”, in Psychoneuroendocrinology, volume 27, number 4, pages 489–503:

Allosexual behavior was positively related to libido, and negatively related to positive and "premenstrual" emotional factors. Autosexual behavior was predicted by libido and an energetic / creative emotional factor.

2011 August, Susan G. Brown, Marites J. Calibuso, Amanda L. Roedl, “Women’s Sexuality, Well-Being, and the Menstrual Cycle: Methodological issues and their interrelationships”, in Archives of Sexual Behavior, volume 40, number 4, pages 755–765:

There are intense debates in the psychoanalytic literature as to whether the primary form of infantile desire is allosexual (directed toward the other — in this case, the mother, the source of nourishment, her breast, her milk) or auto-erotic.

2012, Lauren Berlant, Desire/Love, →ISBN, page 26:

(chiefly social sciences, of sexual desire or activity) Directed toward or involving another person rather than (only) oneself.

Dr. Conigliaro contended that the sharing of the same bedroom by a single parent and child of the opposite sex "could contribute to, or cause, an excessive degree of ‘allosexual identifications’, [where a child identifies with the parent of the opposite sex] […]"

1980, Federal supplement, series 1, volume 476, page 1330:

[…] We performed 45 experimental confrontations with heterospecific pairs. Confrontations (C. talarum vs C. australis) included allosexual and isosexual encounters.

1992 February, Aldo I Vassallo, Christina Busch, “Interspecific agonism between two sympatric species of Ctenomys (Rodentia: Octodontidae) in captivity”, in Behaviour, volume 120, number 1/2, pages 40-50:

(chiefly biology, sociology, psychology) Involving or directed at the other biological sex; heterosexual; not isosexual.


counterstorytelling

In the following sections, we offer a detailed discussion and example of the role of storytelling – and more specifically counterstorytelling – in understanding the campus racial culture at PWIs.

2012, Samuel D. Museus, Uma M. Jayakumar, Creating Campus Cultures:

(social sciences) The dissemination of a story or narrative that goes against the prevailing view.


aracial

(sociology, philosophy) Without race or race distinctions.


Matthew effect

Coined by sociologist Robert K. Merton in 1968, in reference to Matthew 25:29.

coin

When we click on the top search results or watch the FrontPage videos on YouTube or read established blogs, we are jumping on invisible bandwagons, causing the Matthew effect to kick in.

2014, Astra Taylor, chapter 4, in The People's Platform: Taking Back Power and Culture in the Digital Age, Henry Holt and Company, →ISBN:

(sociology) The phenomenon by which the rich get richer and the poor get poorer, either in terms of literal wealth or in terms of fame, status, etc.


positive eugenics

(biology, sociology) A social philosophy which advocates for human enhancement by selecting for positive or desirable traits in a species.


aunting

I found that aunting, or the care and nurture of children by aunts and great-aunts, is gendered and invisible work that, at the most basic level, salvages children’s lives.

2006, Regina Louise Davis-Sowers, “Salvaging Children's Lives: Understanding the Experiences of Black Aunts Who Serve as Kinship Care Providers within Black Families.”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name):

Many of the strong connections with aunts exist because this role is more negotiable, flexible, and adaptable than parenting, Sotirin says. And aunts don’t necessarily have to be related, either, hence the new verb, aunting, a set of practices that supports personal, familial and community bonds through material, emotional, and symbolic means.

2010, Laura Ellingson, Patty Sotirin, Aunting: Cultural Practices that Sustain Family and Community Life:

Aunting speaks to the ways in which women can influence the children in their lives – and I don’t believe it is limited to biological aunties.

2015, Lavonne Kroeker, “The Importance of Aunts”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name):

(sociology) The interactions arising from an aunt or aunt-like relationship


macroaggression

en-noun

macroaggression (countable and uncountable, plural macroaggressions)

People of color, particularly African-American men, have been caught up in a twister of macroaggressions and micro ones. No amount of ignoring can alleviate it; no amount of achieving can ameliorate it.

2015 January 5, Charles M. Blow, “Privilege of ‘Arrest Without Incident’”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

They meet microaggression with macroaggression, bullying kids and adults who, say, refer to the transgender reality star Caitlyn Jenner as anything less than “stunning and brave.”

2015 December 8, James Poniewozik, “How ‘South Park’ Perfectly Captures Our Era of Outrage”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

These are juxtaposed with brutal news footage and Isis YouTube propaganda. Here are the alienations and macroaggressions of the contemporary world.

2018 May 11, Peter Bradshaw, “The Image Book review – Godard's eyeball-frazzling video essay bewilders and delights”, in The Guardian:

(sociology) Large-scale or overt aggression toward those of a certain race, culture, gender, etc.; contrasted with microaggression.


collective memory

collective memory (plural collective memories)

Is it important, or even possible, for people to remember the events of Sept. 11 as they happened? Or is it more important for a society to concentrate on collective memory?

2001 October 27, Sarah Boxer, “A Memorial Is Itself A Shaper Of Memory”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

At the same time it vividly evokes the almost preposterous horror of war itself, which Mr. [Walid] Raad experiences both first hand and from a distance, and has evoked as semifictional collective memory.

2006 March 5, Holland Cotter, “The Collective Conscious”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

The shift in the collective memory is also taking place in local schools, where some teachers still refuse to teach lessons on 1921.

2020 February 11, Russell Cobb, “Shifting Collective Memory in Tulsa”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

(sociology) A shared pool of information held in the memories of multiple members of a group.


metroethnicity

metroethnicity (countable and uncountable, plural metroethnicities)

From metro- + ethnicity, coined by John C. Maher.

(sociology) A hybrid ethnicity associated with a modern multicultural urban lifestyle.


sociography

sociography (countable and uncountable, plural sociographies)

(sociology) The branch of sociology that concentrates on the descriptive analysis of social phenomena.

sociographie

the branch of sociology that concentrates on the descriptive analysis of social phenomena


Appaduraian

en-adj

Appaduraian (comparative more Appaduraian, superlative most Appaduraian)

more Appaduraian (comparative)
most Appaduraian (superlative)

(sociology) Of or relating to Arjun Appadurai (born 1949), social-cultural anthropologist known for his work on globalization.


imagology

en-noun

imagology (countable and uncountable, plural imagologies)

Applied to American Studies, imagology—the term derives from Latin “imago”/image—asks not how Americans themselves see America, but how other cultures view the United States. In other words, what is the image of the United States as seen in literatures from outside the United States?

2016, Reingard M. Nischik, “On Imagology, Canadian-US Relations, and Popular Culture: National Images and Border Crossings in Margaret Atwood’s Works”, in Comparative North American Studies, page 93:

(social sciences) The study of cultural stereotypes as presented in literature etc.


divortiality

Comparing the southern and the nordic countries he found that Spain, Italy, Portugal and Greece were low in fertility, divortiality, cohabitation and births out of marriage, while in Denmark and Sweden fertility was relatively high, divortiality and cohabitation were high and births out of marriage strong or medium.

1998, Koen Matthijs, The Family: Contemporary Perspectives and Challenges, →ISBN, page 52:

(sociology) The likelihood, in a specific population, that marriages end in divorce.


antinaturalism

Nature's waters are subverted to turn against its guests, complementing a xenofeminist commitment to an anti-naturalism that also entails dismantling nuclear domestic spaces.

2020, Jennifer Cooke, “Feminist Manuals and Manifestos in the Twenty-first Century”, in Jennifer Cooke, editor, The New Feminist Literary Studies, page 196:

(sociology) The view that the natural world and the social world are different, related to antipositivism.

antynaturalizm

the view that the natural world and the social world are different


antimyth

On a deeper level, Stivers believes, there is "an underlying commonality" to myth and ritual of traditional societies and the antimyth of modern, technological society.

1996, John R. Maier, Desert Songs, page 86:

Indeed, one way of reading this is not as a myth, but as an antimyth, intended to limit further mythic development.

2004, Howard Schwartz, Tree of Souls: The Mythology of Judaism:

(sociology) A belief or system that opposes a myth or myths.

antimito

a belief or system that opposes a myth or myths


antinaturalistic

en-adj

antinaturalistic (comparative more antinaturalistic, superlative most antinaturalistic)

more antinaturalistic (comparative)
most antinaturalistic (superlative)

(philosophy, sociology) Of or relating to antinaturalism; opposing naturalism.


transformationalism

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"That's why you need Transformationalism," he said. "Your mind has to evolve to match this permanent situation of permanent change. You've got to get rid of that instantaneous personality that was frozen in a previous cultural matrix that no longer exists...."

1980, Norman Spinrad, The Mind Game, page 64:

According to Mezirow (2000), transformationalism helps adults make sense of their environment so they can act upon it. This is a complex process in which the personalities of the teachers and learners interact with the educational setting and the political environment. Learners examine themselves and the beliefs they bring to the learning experience.

2007, Edith Valladares McElroy, The Effects of the College Student Success Course on the Retention and Academic Performance of English as a Second Language Students Enrolled in Developmental Reading and English at Central Piedmont Community College, →ISBN, page 5:

For me, this is part of transformationalism. A transformationalist does not just favour change: they foment it.

2010, Anne Boran, Poverty: Malaise of Development, →ISBN, page 57:

At the next level, we must practice transformationalism, which goes hand in hand with unlearning.

2012, Kurt April, Nick D Milton, Performance Through Learning, →ISBN, page v:

(sociology, education) A sociological and educational theory that focuses on the process of learned concepts and skills to reframe and transform unthinking culturally-generated assumptions and cognitive categories.


minority language

en-noun

minority language (plural minority languages)

(sociolinguistics) A language spoken by a minority of the population of a territory.


factual relativism

factual relativism ... attempts to argue that the world itself, or the “facts,” are different for different individuals (groups, cultures). Hence truth, too, is relative.

2013, Henrik Rydenfelt, Constructivist Problems, Realist Solutions, in J. Kegley and K. Skowronski, eds. Persuasion and Compulsion in Democracy. Lanham: Lexington Books, p. 164

Factual relativism, according to which the facts ... may differ across perspectives — that is, different facts obtain relative to different perspectives.

2005, Iris Einheuser, “Varieties of Relativism: Indexical, Propositional and Factual”, in Varieties of Relativism: Indexical, Propositional and Factual:

Whereas moral relativism deals with matters of value, cognitive relativism deals with matters of fact (although sharp distinctions may at times be difficult to make) (Hollis and Lukes 1982, p. 2).

2001, Jean Bricmont, Alan Sokal, “Chapter 3: Science and Sociology of Science: Beyond War and Peace”, in Jay A. Labinger, Harry M. Collins, editors, One Culture?: A Conversation about Science, page 38:

(philosophy, sociology) The claim that the world itself, or the facts about the world, are different for different individuals, or groups, or cultures.


digital native

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-digital native.wav

Coined by education consultant Marc Prensky in 2001.

coin

This may potentially have a negative impact on the ultimate utility of this feedback method with present-day students who perceive themselves as ‘digital natives’.

2017, Di Zou, James Lambert, “Feedback methods for student voice in the digital age”, in British Journal of Educational Technology, volume 48, number 5, page 1085:

(technology, sociology) A person who has grown up in an environment replete with digital interactions and ways of communicating, thought to increase difficulty with traditional nondigital teaching methods, work practices, etc.


sociometer

(psychology, sociology) A theoretical gauge of interpersonal relationships, typically realised as self-esteem.


interdiscursive

en-adj

interdiscursive (comparative more interdiscursive, superlative most interdiscursive)

more interdiscursive (comparative)
most interdiscursive (superlative)


walkalong

The method of walkalongs, first described by Margarethe Kusenbach (2003), combines interview and observation.

2014, Garth Lean, Russell Staff, editors, Stories of Cosmopolitan Belonging: Emotion and Location, →ISBN:

This chapter draws on our ethnographic analysis of the diaries, walkalongs and followup conversations with Janet, who had recently resigned from a managerial position to look after her first child.

2016, Garth Lean, Emma Watson, “Travel and Imagination: An Invitation”, in Garth Lean, Russell Staff, editors, Travel and Imagination, →ISBN:

(sociology) A type of interview in which the interviewer and subject walk together while talking.


ruling class

From ruling + class. First use appears c. 1653.

One thing that has always shown that the English ruling class are morally fairly sound, is that in time of war they are ready enough to get themselves killed... What is to be expected of them is not treachery or physical cowardice, but stupidity, unconscious sabotage, an infallible instinct for doing the wrong thing. They are not wicked, or not altogether wicked; they are merely unteachable... Few if any of these people are consciously treacherous, some of them are not even fools, but as a class they are quite incapable of leading us to victory... Inevitably, because of their position and upbringing, the ruling class are fighting for their own privileges, which cannot possibly be reconciled with the public interest.

1941, George Orwell, The Lion and the Unicorn, Pt. I & II:

The ideas of the ruling class are in every epoch the ruling ideas, i.e. the class which is the ruling material force of society, is at the same time its ruling intellectual force.

1947, Anonymous translation of Karl Marx & al. as "Feuerbach" in The German Ideology, International Publishers Co., §I.B

...until our own time America's upper crust was a mixture of people who had gained prominence in a variety of ways, who drew their money and status from different sources and were not predictably of one mind on any given matter. The Boston Brahmins, the New York financiers, the land barons of California, Texas, and Florida, the industrialists of Pittsburgh, the Southern aristocracy, and the hardscrabble politicians who made it big in Chicago or Memphis had little contact with one another... All that has changed. Today's ruling class, from Boston to San Diego, was formed by an educational system that exposed them to the same ideas and gave them remarkably uniform guidance, as well as tastes and habits... whether formally in government, out of it, or halfway, America's ruling class speaks the language and has the tastes, habits, and tools of bureaucrats.

2010 July 16, Angelo Codevilla, "America's Ruling Class", The Spectator

For our ruling class, identity always trumps. Much less does membership... depend on high academic achievement. To see something closer to an academic meritocracy consider France, where elected officials have little power, a vast bureaucracy explicitly controls details from how babies are raised to how to make cheese, and people get into and advance in that bureaucracy strictly by competitive exams... for good or ill, France's ruling class are bright people—certifiably. Not ours... while getting into the Ecole Nationale d'Administration or the Ecole Polytechnique... requires outperfoming others in blindly graded exams, and graduating from such places requires passing exams that many fail, getting into America's "top schools" is less a matter of passing exams than of showing up with acceptable grades and an attractive social profile.

We once had a coherent ruling class, the White Anglo-Saxon Protestants (WASPs), who more or less owned and ran the United States from its founding through the 1970s.

2021 Apr., Doug Henwood, "Take Me to Your Leader: The Rot of the American Ruling Class", Jacobin

The C.C.P. is colossal, highly hierarchical and regimented. From its inception in 1921 with only 12 members, it has expanded to over 90 million, averaging almost 20 percent growth a year for 100 years... The C.C.P., like any of the more effective ancient Chinese ruling classes, diligently reads historical events for lessons. That has helped it navigate crises and, often, emerge stronger.

2021 July 1, Lian Yizheng, "The Chinese Communist Party Is 100. It's Not Going Anywhere.", New York Times

(sociology, politics) The social class of a given society that controls that society's political agenda, whether as a formal aristocracy or a party leadership or as an informal unit within democracies.


racenicity

Blend of race + ethnicity, coined by Pepi Leistyna in a paper published in 1999.

(sociology, rare, neologism) A social construct combining race and ethnicity.


chumship

en-noun

chumship (countable and uncountable, plural chumships)

(social sciences) preadolescent friendship between two people of the same sex


poststratification

poststratification (countable and uncountable, plural poststratifications)

(sociology) Stratification performed after another process.


antimulticultural

en-adj

antimulticultural (comparative more antimulticultural, superlative most antimulticultural)

more antimulticultural (comparative)
most antimulticultural (superlative)


safe space

Lesbians at this conference often referred to the search for the sacred "safe space" where we are all the same. This is an avoidance of confrontation in our communities, in society. Separation is a retreat which only a privileged few can enjoy. Real safety will come by uniting with all our allies to defeat the right wing, capitalism and the patriarchy.

1983 December 24, Nancy Reiko, Midge Ward, Nellie Wong, Merle Woo, Emily Woo Yamasaki, “Lesbians Of Color”, in Gay Community News, volume 11, number 23, page 4:

This confirms the claim that the internet is not an entirely safe space, and while blogs offer LGBTQs the opportunity to express their views freely and anonymously, they grant this possibility to haters and homophobes, too […]

2016, Alexander Dhoest, Lukasz Szulc, Bart Eeckhout, LGBTQs, Media and Culture in Europe, page 166:

Ideally, these safe spaces would also be environments in which students would find support, develop coping skills, and hone effective techniques for communicating with one another in a way that honors tolerance, avoids stereotypes, and cuts down on hate on campuses.

2017, John Palfrey, Safe Spaces, Brave Spaces: Diversity and Free Expression in Education, MIT Press, →ISBN, page 21:

Even Fox News, once Trump’s safe space, the TV network where he would often just call in for a chat, seems to have officially moved on.

2022 November 10, Adam Gabbatt, “Has ‘Trumpty Dumpty’ taken a great fall from Rupert Murdoch’s grace?”, in The Guardian:

The plot picks up where the last film left off. The High Table, the organisation that controls crime around the world, has a multi-million-dollar contract out on Wick, who killed a High Table member. In more familiar Mafia terms, it's as if he murdered a made man. And he violated another rule by doing it on the grounds of a Continental hotel, the supposed safe spaces for assassins around the world.

2023 March 14, Caryn James, “John Wick: Chapter 4: 'Soars above most action films'”, in BBC:

(sociology) A place or domain serving as a tolerant environment for people (especially a marginalized group) where they do not face harassment, criticism, scrutiny, etc.; especially one in which participants are understood to share a given political or social viewpoint.


sociosymbolic

(social sciences) Relating to society and symbols.


araciality

Such symbols were of no minor importance for a show such as Cosby, roundly and repeatedly criticized for its "araciality."

1994, Kristal Brent Zook, "How I Became Prince of a Town Called Bel Air: Nationalist Desire in Black Television", dissertation submitted to the University of California, Santa Cruz, page 72

I think we don’t pay enough attention to the fact that Michael Jackson, for much of his career, was asexual. And it’s almost as if he was trying to get to some sort of araciality in terms of his presentation, when you think about, you know, someone wearing a mask, someone trying to morph — I mean, Madonna has done it very well without necessarily having to have cosmetic surgery, but this kind of figure that morphs into something else as time goes on.

2009 June 30, “Michael Jackson 1958-2009: The Life and Legacy of the King of Pop”, in Democracy Now:

Though Maouyo and Spencer’s lives have parallels, Maouyo’s journey to araciality was not so much a tireless social justice mission than a process of finding an identity that felt like a good fit.

2011 October 13, Zoe A. Y. Weinberg, “Raceless Like Me”, in The Harvard Crimson:

(sociology, philosophy) The state of being aracial.


racelessness

She says she can finally breathe now. She feels freed by the privilege of relative racelessness.

2022, Jonathan Escoffery, If I Survive You, 4th Estate (2023), page 137:

(sociology, philosophy) The condition of having no perceived race.


anti-racialize

en-verb

anti-racialize (third-person singular simple present anti-racalizes, present participle anti-racializing, simple past and past participle anti-racialized)

anti-racalizes (present singular third-person)
anti-racializing (participle present)
anti-racialized (participle past)
anti-racialized (past)
antiracialize (alternative)

Interpellating the crystal in the midst of an anti-racializing dialog, Sun Ra intimates emphasizes his power to move race from its historical determinants to rest in mystic powers.

2007, Sue-Ellen Case, Performing Science and the Virtual, Routledge, →ISBN, page 192:

The racializing epistemology that these plays help to codify serves to empower the white/right gaze, which implicitly normalizes and, as I will argue, anti-racializes the English gaze.

2008, Ayanna Thompson, Performing Race and Torture on the Early Modern Stage, Routledge, →ISBN, page 20:

At the same time, the prompt increase in resources and tools made available to Arab and Muslim American organizations, the intensification of anti-racializing work within civil society organizations, and the American public's increased interest in learning more about Arabs and Muslims provided a majority of the Arab Muslims interviewed in this study with a degree of optimism for the future, even though many remained concerned because of the connection they saw between social constructions of Arabs/Muslims and American foreign policy.

2009, Louise A. Cainkar, Homeland Insecurity: The Arab American and Muslim American Experience After 9/11: The Arab American and Muslim American Experience After 9/11, Russell Sage Foundation, →ISBN, page 72:

(sociology, philosophy) To act against racial identity or racism.


VAW

(sociology) Initialism of violence against women.


cultural appropriation

en-noun

cultural appropriation (countable and uncountable, plural cultural appropriations)

/ˈkʌlt͡ʃ(ə)ɹəl əˌpɹoʊpɹiˈeɪʃən/

White Americans engaged in cultural appropriation when they performed dances involving blackface and mock Native American regalia.

What are the implications for our understanding of the ethics of cultural appropriation when the sound of a Pacific island women's choir becomes the hook of a club hit in Europe, without reward, recompense, or credit for that choir?

2000, David Hesmondhalgh, in Born/Hesmondhalgh, Western Music and Its Others, p. 280

Are yoga classes just bad cultural appropriation?

2015, The Guardian, headline, 23 November:

Where, then, is the line that divides the simple pleasure of cultural fusion from cultural appropriation? One answer is that it becomes appropriation when one group's sense of "normal" inexplicably and unfairly dominates over another.

2015 April 2, Navneet Alang, “Must We Forfeit Our Ghee?”, in Hazlitt, retrieved 2023-05-14:

The party guests were subsequently investigated by the college for ‘ethnic stereotyping’ and placed on ‘social probation’, while the students' general assembly denounced the event as an act of ‘cultural appropriation’.

2016 November, Frances Wilson, “Whose Life Is It Anyway?”, in Literary Review:

(sociology) The (often financially) exploitative, oppressive and/or inaccurate cooption of elements of one culture by members of a different culture.


social constructionism

(sociology) A theory of knowledge according to which human beings rationalize their experience by creating a model of the social world and how it functions, and language is the most essential system through which humans construct reality.


stereotype tax

stereotype tax (plural stereotype taxes)

Such taxes may result from stereotyping, conditioning, or imposed social roles. Merchants' discrimination on the basis of skin colour is a stereotype tax on Black Nova Scotians.

2002, Elena Hannah, Swani Vethamany-Globus, Linda Paul, Women in the Canadian Academic Tundra: Challenging the Chill:

(sociology) A disadvantage that affects a person due to a stereotype about them held and acted upon by others.


street gang

(law, criminology, sociology) An organized group of lower-class criminals; an urban gang.


metaconsumption

In metaconsumption, the objectification, rather than the object itself, is shared, circulated, and consumed. This objectification can impart status to and shape identity for those who are able to lay claim to it through language.

2008, Shalini Shankar, Desi Land: Teen Culture, Class, and Success in Silicon Valley:

(social sciences) The consumption of a process of consumption, rather than of an actual work or product.


saviorism

I show how white men attempted to save brown women from brown men in colonial India. […] Spivak notes the efforts to build discourses of saviorism in thinking about Muslim women and Muslim men.

2016, Heather Ashley Hayes, Violent Subjects and Rhetorical Cartography in the Age of the Terror Wars:

(sociology) A worldview according to which some people are saviors and others need to be saved by them.


superdiversity

superdiversity (usually uncountable, plural superdiversities)

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(sociology) A high level of diversity within and between the ethnic groups in a population.


coolitude

From coolie + -itude; coined by Mauritian poet Khal Torabully.

(social sciences) An international cultural identity of the Indian or Chinese "coolie" diaspora, and by extension also similar migrations.


ultrapoor

en-adj

ultrapoor (comparative more ultrapoor, superlative most ultrapoor)

more ultrapoor (comparative)
most ultrapoor (superlative)

The authors' research -- which included data analysis and interviews with ultrapoor families in four regions -- found that many families weren't even aware of TANF.

2015 January 9, Aimee Picchi, “The surging ranks of America's ultrapoor”, in CBS News:

(sociology) Exceptionally poor; in a state of dire poverty.


precarization

en-noun

precarization (usually uncountable, plural precarizations)

(sociology) The process by which the number of people who live in precarity increases.


countertext

Alice Randall's novel "The Wind Done Gone" is a countertext to Margaret Mitchell's novel "Gone with the Wind".

(literature, social sciences) A text that opposes another, often by presenting similar events from a different perspective.


omniracial

(sociology, philosophy) Concerning or including every race.


antipluralism

(sociology) Opposition to sociological pluralism.


nomadology

nomadology (countable and uncountable, plural nomadologies)

(social sciences) The study of personal identities that are not rooted in one place or limited to a single fixed worldview.


heterosex

en-verb

heterosex (third-person singular simple present heterosexes, present participle heterosexing, simple past and past participle heterosexed)

heterosexes (present singular third-person)
heterosexing (participle present)
heterosexed (participle past)
heterosexed (past)

From hetero- + sex. Attested since the 20th century.

For example, the heterosexing of public space means that while heterosexual couples can hold hands or kiss goodbye in the street, the same behaviour from same-sex couples is likely to attract attention and sometimes verbal or physical sanctions against them.

2013, Paul Cloke, Philip Crang, Mark Goodwin, Introducing Human Geographies, page 651:

Although each society defines its own norms, most of them assign a higher status to men over women, to heterosexual persons over non-heterosexual ones, and to heterosexed bodies over non-heterosexed ones.

2014, MariaCaterina La Barbera, Identity and Migration in Europe: Multidisciplinary Perspectives:

(sociology, transitive) To make heterosexual.


reverse sexism

Others look to dismiss the female cast as some sort of reverse-sexism, a “marketing gimmick” that diminishes the stars by turning them into tokens.

2016 May 18, David Sims, “The Outcry Against the All-Female ‘Ghostbusters’ Remake Gets Louder”, in The Atlantic:

(sociology) Sexism against the dominant sex.


patriology

From Ancient Greek πατέρας (patéras, “father”) + -logy.

uder

(sociology) A complex of male-dominated or male-centered aspects of cultural and social life; patriarchy.


abstand

(linguistics, sociolinguistics) Of a language or dialect (a lect), being different from another lect in its intrinsic linguistic features (as opposed to extrinsic features such as social, political or legal status)


covert prestige

(sociolinguistics) Prestige acquired in a community by using a non-standard language variety, such as a working-class dialect.


whitestream

en-verb

whitestream (third-person singular simple present whitestreams, present participle whitestreaming, simple past and past participle whitestreamed)

whitestreams (present singular third-person)
whitestreaming (participle present)
whitestreamed (participle past)
whitestreamed (past)

In addition to manipulating the curriculum, Native American children were whitestreamed by severely controlling their actions and very closely monitoring their behavior.

(transitive, social sciences) To bias toward white people and their history.


cooperative principle

(sociolinguistics) The idea that listeners and speakers need to cooperate in order to communicate effectively.


cultural appropriator

en-noun

cultural appropriator (plural cultural appropriators)

Though Ms. Mnouchkine is more of a blithe cultural appropriator than a purveyor of stereotypes, the sex-crazed sheikhs seem to go too far. “A Room in India” also tries, with mixed success, to see if terrorists can be made funny, in the manner of the Keystone Kops. And yet, for all of the company’s catholic tastes, there are lines of relativism it will not cross.

2017 December 6, Jesse Green, “Review: ‘A Room in India’ Overflows With Astonishing Visions”, in The New York Times:

cultural appropriation
cultural appropriation

(sociology) One who engages in cultural appropriation.

kulttuurinen omija

one who engages in cultural appropriation


culturally appropriative

en-adj

culturally appropriative (comparative more culturally appropriative, superlative most culturally appropriative)

more culturally appropriative (comparative)
most culturally appropriative (superlative)

(sociology) Characteristic of cultural appropriation.


culturally appropriate

en-verb

culturally appropriate (third-person singular simple present culturally appropriates, present participle culturally appropriating, simple past and past participle culturally appropriated)

culturally appropriates (present singular third-person)
culturally appropriating (participle present)
culturally appropriated (participle past)
culturally appropriated (past)

(sociology, transitive) To engage in cultural appropriation.


ausbau

Thus the Hindi/Urdu situation was created by an ausbau process, not unlike the process which created Norwegian as distinct from Danish, and Afrikaans as distinct from Dutch.

1988, “Religion and language varieties: the case of Hindi-Urdu”, in Mohammad Ali Jazayery, Werner Winter, editors, Languages and Cultures, Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 745:

(linguistics, sociolinguistics, of a language or dialect) Constituting a standard; being deliberately shaped and standardized; having the social, political, or legal status of a standard language.


isograph

From iso- (“same, self”) + -graph (“writing”).

confix

(sociolinguistics) A line indicating the geographical boundaries within which a particular feature of a written script is used.


mimeticism

en-noun

mimeticism (usually uncountable, plural mimeticisms)

(sociology) The adoption of the habits or attitudes of a colonizing group by the colonized people.


women are wonderful effect

the women are wonderful effect (canonical)

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(psychology, sociology) The phenomenon in psychological and sociological research that people seem to associate more positive attributes with women in general than with men in general, reflecting an emotional bias.


negative eugenics

(biology, sociology) A social philosophy which advocates for human enhancement by discouraging those with inferior genetics from reproducing.


precarized

en-adj

precarized (comparative more precarized, superlative most precarized)

more precarized (comparative)
most precarized (superlative)

(sociology) Placed in a position of precarity.


cultural identity

en-noun

cultural identity (plural cultural identities)

(sociology) An identity or feeling of belonging to a group.


superexploit

en-verb

superexploit (third-person singular simple present superexploits, present participle superexploiting, simple past and past participle superexploited)

superexploits (present singular third-person)
superexploiting (participle present)
superexploited (participle past)
superexploited (past)

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The difference between a superexploited black man in the US, or a superexploited Spaniard in Switzerland and a superexploited colonial worker in pre-independence Nigeria is instructive.

1991, Hillel Ticktin, The Politics of Race: Discrimination in South Africa, page 76:

(transitive, sociology) To exploit (a worker) to a particularly severe degree.


hyperghetto

en-noun

hyperghetto (plural hyperghettos or hyperghettoes)

hyperghettos (plural)
hyperghettoes (plural)

Coined by Loïc Wacquant. From hyper- + ghetto.

(sociology) a severely impoverished and anomic ghetto whose inhabitants are mostly working-class people of a specific ethnic minority, without any significant presence of wealthier strata


longue durée

Borrowed from French longue durée (“long duration”). Attested since the 1960s.

lange linjer

historiographical term, "long lines of history"

The "Annales" school draws attention to the virtually unchanging geography of a region, the rising and ebbing movements of the economy, or the rhythmic repetitions in social relations — i.e., to the "longue duree" — rather than to those fleeting events we call political.

1978, Lynn Avery Hunt, Revolution and Urban Politics in Provincial France: Troyes and Reims, 1786-1790, Stanford University Press, →ISBN, page 1:

(historiography, social sciences) A long period of time during which social processes develop or social structures evolve.


toxic masculinity

Coined by psychologist Shepherd Bliss of the mythopoetic men's movement around 1986 and first attested in 1990 (see quote below). Compare hegemonic masculinity, which was coined in 1982.

For example, I speak of toxic masculinity as that which damages men, women, children and the earth through neglect, abuse and violence.

1990 January 18, Shepherd Bliss, “Letters (Gay Supportive)”, in Bay Area Reporter, volume XX, number 3, San Fransisco: Benro Enterprises, page 8:

In addition, many male feminists seek to rid themselves of what they regard as toxic masculinity promoted in men by socialization and to develop in themselves sensitivities and tenderness more typically socialized into women.

2005, Eli Sagan, Gendered Lives: Communication, Gender & and Culture, Wadsworth, →ISBN, page 302:

The facts of toxic masculinity are rarely discussed after mass shootings, as we beat the usual drums of gun control and mental health.

2016 June 27, Stephen T. Asma, “The weaponised loser”, in Aeon:

(social sciences, media criticism) The aspects of traditional masculinity perceived to reinforce aggression, emotionlessness and other negative qualities.


translocal

In the following account of ethnographic research carried out in the context of a textual community, I demonstrate how 'translocal phenomena,' which I understand to include diasporic communities and communities that emerge in relation to the mass media and electronic communications, do not entirely evade classical methods of participant observation as some ethnographers have assumed.

2001, “Sites Unseen: Ethnographic Research in a Textual Community”, in Qualitative Studies in Education, 14.4, p. 568:

First, I attempt to conceptualize the ethnic restaurant as a translocal space that is characterized by intercultural transfers of foods, technologies, and information, and that functions as a nodal point in transnational networks.

2007, German Historical Institute, Bulletin, numbers 40-43, page 80:

(sociology) Involving a sense of identity split between or blended from multiple locations, especially in multiple ethnic regions.


social policy

(politics, sociology) The sociopolitical guidelines that deal with communal issues.


information society

information society (plural information societies)

(sociology) A society where the creation, distribution, use, integration and manipulation of information is a significant economic, political, and cultural activity.

информацио́нно общество́

society where information is a significant activity


superexploitation

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(sociology) Particularly extreme and dehumanizing exploitation of workers.


intersectionalist

en-adj

intersectionalist (comparative more intersectionalist, superlative most intersectionalist)

more intersectionalist (comparative)
most intersectionalist (superlative)

Aside from these general challenges, I address issues of self-hate, shame, anger, and frustration by bringing in the intersectionalist perspective of domination.

2008, Lisa Guerrero, Teaching Race in the 21st Century, page 79:

(sociology, social sciences) Based on or informed by theories of intersectionality.


intersectionalist

What feminists, especially intersectionalists, have been imagining as identities needs to be exchanged for descriptions of social circumstances.

2005, Naomi Zack, Inclusive Feminism: A Third Wave Theory of Women's Commonality, page 75:

(sociology, social sciences) A proponent of intersectionality.


class warrior

(sociology) A participant in class warfare.


parasociality

The two commonalities of parasociality are the exhibition of parental investment and socialisation in a single cooperative dwelling (i.e., a nest).^([Wikipedia])

(sociobiology) The exhibition of behaviour that is communal, quasisocial or semisocial.


white fragility

Coined by Robin DiAngelo, lecturer at the University of Washington.

(sociology) A range of defensive behaviors supposedly exhibited by white people in response to challenges to the unstable racial situation that gives them social privileges.


metagender

en-noun

metagender (countable and uncountable, plural metagenders)

metagenders (plural)
meta-gender (alternative)

The realities of "being or doing" the "differences of being either female, feminine, woman or male, masculine, man" (Coates 1998, 295-296), the socially assigned sequestered private spaces and public roles we encounter in our daily lives, are not to be confounded with metagender. There should, therefore, be concurrent dialogues, one on gender and the other on metagender, particularly in view of the “after gender” issue.

2007, Catherine M. Cole, Takyiwaa Manuh, Stephan Miescher, Africa After Gender?, →ISBN, page 292:

When I write of someone being a Woman or a Man, I mean to indicate the metagender assumption that they have, so to speak, all their gender building blocks incontestably in one metagender box, i.e. if you are l-, f-, p-, and j-female, then (and only then) are you a Woman. Deviation from the standards set for any of the four genders will cause your metagender to be questioned. Patriarchal metagender does not allow for any ambiguity -- Woman and Man are the only available divisions.

2009, Clare Beckett, Owen Heathcote, Marie Macey, Negotiating Boundaries? Identities, Sexualities, Diversities, →ISBN, page 48:

Gender mainstreaming is a metagender equality strategy (Krook and True forthcoming; True 2009b).

2010, Brooke Ackerly, Jacqui True, Doing Feminist Research in Political and Social Science, →ISBN, page 11:

A number of critics see Shakespeare endorsing cross-gendering. Shakespeare is, what might be called, a skillful exponent of metagender beliefs.

2017, Philip C Kolin, Routledge Revivals: Shakespeare and Feminist Criticism (1991), →ISBN:

(sociology) The use of categories to conceive of gender; the possible ways in which gender can manifest itself.


medium of instruction

medium of instruction (plural mediums of instruction)

English and Cantonese are the mediums of instruction in most Hong Kong schools at the primary and secondary level.

(education, sociolinguistics) A language used in teaching.


reverse integration

(sociology) A form of social integration where the dominant group integrates with the minority or marginalized, rather than the other way round, e.g. where able-bodied people take part in parasports.


Eurowestern

(social sciences) Of or relating to the Western world and European culture.


pilot wave

Coined by Louis de Broglie from the idea that the waveform pilots (guides) particles.

Pilot waves and projections from the implicate order to the explicate order of sense-perceptible phenomena are inscrutable to our everyday consiousness, at least directly.

1998, Michael Knapik, Developing Intelligent Agents for Distributed Systems, →ISBN, page 18:

Speaking in general terms, my hypothesis is that the pilot wave of my consciousness directs my consciousness through configuration space in the sense of actualizing these possibilities; e.g. a possible hue becomes an actual content of my visual awareness by virtue of being actualized by a mental wave-form, in particular, an intentional act. More exactly, as we shall see below, it is the more complex wave-form produced by the entaglement of my brain's pilot wave with the pilot wave of my consciousness that simultaneously actualizes the sensory quale and a set of nerve cell firings.

2003, Quentin Smith, Aleksandar Jokic, Consciousness: New Philosophical Perspectives, →ISBN, page 430:

The quadratic function varies essentially more strongly than the linear function, and, as a result, such a financial pilot wave induces a nontrivial financial force.

2010, Andrei Y. Khrennikov, Ubiquitous Quantum Structure: From Psychology to Finance, →ISBN, page 163:

(social sciences, by extension) A wavefunction on some measurement of information that guides the consciousness or behavior of individual people.


go viral

en-verb

go viral (third-person singular simple present goes viral, present participle going viral, simple past went viral, past participle gone viral)

goes viral (present singular third-person)
going viral (participle present)
went viral (past)
gone viral (participle past)

→ Dutch: viral gaan (calque)

→ German: viral gehen (calque)

The sociologic phenomenon was named thus because it is analogous to the way in which viruses propagate, with exponential potential. This phrasal verb developed in the late 20th or early 21st century as a name for a phenomenon that has existed since humans became capable of exposing one another to ideas in highly contagious ways; thus, gossip and rumor in close-quartered populations, print circulation, and broadcasting were all enough to produce it, but the advent of the internet, and more specifically the web era and smartphone era, provided many new instances and the occasion to bestow a name on the theme. See also meme, a word coined in 1976 for a phenomenon as old as human interaction.

Hundreds of long-forgotten texts that went viral in the 19th century are being discovered by a new collaboration of humanities scholars and computer scientists.

2013 November 4, Greg Miller, “Here's How Memes Went Viral — In the 1800s ”, in Wired, retrieved 2022-02-16:

After watching hours of these videos, I realized there’s no use trying to make sense of any one of them, but taken as a body of work, they tell a story: the struggles of a person trying to go viral again.

2020 January 29, Dan Brooks, “Comedy Written for the Machines”, in New York Times Magazine:

Li Lina, a resident in the Hanyang district, beat a gong and shrieked from her high-rise balcony this weekend to beg for help for herself and her stricken mother holed up at home. A neighbor filmed her cries and uploaded it to the Internet, where it went viral.

2020 February 9, Gerry Shih, “Coronavirus deaths climb as China corrals sick in quarantine facilities in outbreak epicenter”, in The Washington Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2020-02-09, Asia & Pacific:

A group of girls from Norway asked me why their videos weren’t going viral like the ones from their American peers.

2020 May 8, Louise Matsakis, “The Year the Internet Thought I Was MacKenzie Bezos”, in Wired:

“Once you know how to make a video go viral, it’s just about how to get as many out as possible,” he told Bloomberg in December. “You can practically make unlimited money.”

2021 May 4, Taylor Lorenz, quoting Mr. Beast, “Mr. Beast, YouTube Star, Wants to Take Over the Business World”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

(sociology) To be rapidly and frequently shared, especially through social media, but (with retroactive application to pre-internet occurrences) also via gossip or as a collective response to broadcasting or widespread print circulation.


deborder

deborder (third-person singular simple present deborders, present participle debordering, simple past and past participle debordered)

deborders (present singular third-person)
debordering (participle present)
debordered (participle past)
debordered (past)

(transitive, social sciences) to remove the borders from

(transitive, social sciences) to free from the restrictions of a border


whitewishing

(sociology) The regarding of white people's norms as neutral and objective.


communicative competence

en-noun

communicative competence (countable and uncountable, plural communicative competences)

(sociolinguistics) A language user's grammatical knowledge of syntax, morphology, phonology and the like, as well as social knowledge about how and when to use utterances appropriately.


ideal-typical

Here also the specifically logical function of ideal-typical concepts is apparent.

2004, Max Weber, Sam Whimster, The Essential Weber: A Reader:

(sociology) Of or relating to an ideal type.


playlore

A particular challenge in twentieth-century Australia concerns the need to protect children's traditional playlore, to defend its value, and the time and space children need to practice their own culture.

2015, Jaipaul L. Roopnarine, Michael M. Patte, James E. Johnson, David Kuschner, International Perspectives on Children's Play, page 169:

(sociology) The lore associated with games played by children.


storylore

[…] these include a host of dirty stories, and the tall tales and traveling jokes which form so much American floating storylore.

2008, Richard Mercer Dorson, James P. Leary, Bloodstoppers & Bearwalkers: Folk Traditions of Michigan's Upper Peninsula:

(sociology) The lore associated with stories told within a culture.


deathmaking

(social sciences) The process of causing individuals to die, as by withdrawing health care, carrying out abortions, etc.


Townsend deprivation index

First described by sociologist Peter Townsend in 1988.

(sociology) A measure of material deprivation within a population, based on four variables: unemployment, non-car ownership, non-home ownership, and household overcrowding.


social standing

(sociology) Synonym of social status: one's position within a social hierarchy, one's value relative to society.


side bet

It is assumed in these studies, for instance , that : (1) age "is" a side bet because the longer an employee is in an organization the more benefits he has "built up" and that (2) the nature or the correlation between age and desire to stay in the organization is used as confirming or disconfirming evidence of the side bet stature of the age variable.

1987, International Review for the Sociology of Sport - Volume 22, page 256:

Side bets aren't always explicit, nor do they necessarily involve money. A side bet occurs anytime you do something that increases the consequences, or losses, of not staying with it.

There is little, if any, literature on the concept of a side-bet reemergence on the occasion of an employee relinking with a previous supervisor.

2016, Deborah Blackman, Michael O’Donnell, Stephen Teo, Human Capital Management Research:

Any decision about the new job involves a financial side bet the pension fund has placed for him by its rules.

2017, Fanny Ginor, Sociological Work: Method and Substance:

(sociology) An investment of time, money, or resources that reinforces one's commitment to a course of action.


stochastic terrorism

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-stochastic terrorism.wav

Coined by Gordon Woo. stochastic + terrorism

All of this fits with what the anonymous blogger G2G had to say in his expanded definition of stochastic terrorism: “you heat up the waters and stir the pot, knowing full well that sooner or later a lone wolf will pop up and do the deed. The fact that it will happen is as predictable as the fact that a heated pot of water will eventually boil. But the exact time and place of each incident will remain as random as the appearance of the first bubbles in the boiling pot."

2017, Clayton Delery, Out for Queer Blood:

How does stochastic terrorism unfold in the course of real-world events? We propose a practical description of stochastic terrorism as an interactive process between the originator of a message, its amplifiers, and one of more ultimate receivers.

2021 October, Molly Amman, J. Reid Meloy, “Stochastic Terrorism: A Linguistic and Psychological Analysis”, in Perspectives on Terrorism, →ISSN, page 3:

Trump is playing a dangerous game, and there is a name for it: Stochastic terrorism. The cries for vengeance and violent retribution from the leader of the MAGA movement aren’t a message to anyone in specific but rather a bat signal to everyone who can hear his voice, whether it’s armed and troubled young men like Martinez or the Jacksonville gunman, or the angry mob that responded on Jan. 6, 2021, after Trump tweeted, “Will be wild!”

2023, Will Bunch, “A MAGA gunman in New Mexico and ‘the end of politics’ in America”, in The Philadelphia Inquirer:

(neologism, sociology, social media) The use of mass public communication, usually against a particular individual or group, which

Incites or inspires acts of terrorism which are statistically probable but happen seemingly at random,

The joining of the two words, stochastic and terrorism, is originally attributable to machematician and catastrophist Gordon Woo, who used the term to suggest a quantifiable relationship between seemingly random acts of terrorism and the goal of perpetuating fear through mass media's coverage of the violence.

Perpetuates fear through coverage of seemingly random acts of terrorism.


power distance

(sociology, politics) A measure of the willingness of individuals to accept the unequal distribution of power within a society or organization.


boundary term

'Sustainability' is a boundary term, signifying complex interactions between science, politics, policy making and development (Scoones, 2010: 153-4).

2013, Frances Fahy, Henrike Rau, Methods of Sustainability Research in the Social Sciences, →ISBN, page 91:

'Poor white trash' is likely the most enduring and degrading in a long line of 'stigmatypes'– 'stigmatizing boundary terms that simultaneously denote and enact cultural and cognitive divides between ingroups and outgroups' –such as 'redneck,' 'cracker,' and 'hillbilly.'

2014, Michael Raiber, David Teachout, The Journey from Music Student to Teacher: A Professional Approach, →ISBN:

A term which could be seen as a high boundary term ('the enemy' as opposed to 'the friend') is used, but Paul tells them, as it were, to dismantle such a boundary from the inside, by undertaking acts of love and compassion.

2017, Paul Raymond Trebilco, Outsider Designations and Boundary Construction in the New Testament, →ISBN, page 227:

(sociology) A word or phrase that is used for othering; a term that serves to identify someone or something as other than the speaker.


window of discourse

window of discourse (plural windows of discourse)


orienate

en-verb

orienate (third-person singular simple present orienates, present participle orienating, simple past and past participle orienated)

orienates (present singular third-person)
orienating (participle present)
orienated (participle past)
orienated (past)

/ˈɔɹiɛnˌeɪt/

Probably from an incorrectly relatinized form of orientate, from Latin oriēns (“orient”, oriēnt- in compounds) + -ate (verb-forming suffix), or, from a misspelling of the same (see Citations page). Compare oriency and orience as well as eventerate.

af

We may also discern that Mary picks up something of a possible rebuke as, in her final turn, she orienate directly to this contrast between *then' and ' now' by identifying Jean and Mary as "you' - [...]

2005, David Middleton, Steve D Brown, The Social Psychology of Experience:

"...a militant party, a revolutionary party, bold enongh to lead the proletarians to the struggle for power, with sufficient experience to be able to orienate itself in the complicated problems that arise in a revolutionary situation [...]

And one must also be able to orienate himself quickly, to catch up the direction of the approaching fashions.

From March 11 to March 18 the condition grew progressively worse; the patient became restless; he developed stertorous breathing, became stuporous, and failed to recognize his wife, but on March 20 became orienated, complaining of numbness in the side of the face; [...]

1930, United States Veterans' Bureau Medical report, volume VI:

(transitive, reflexive or intransitive, social sciences, religion, dated) To change (or make something change) for or get accustomed (or make something get accustomed) to a new situation, adapt.


income group

(economics, sociology) A group in a given population having an income within a specified range.


parentify

en-verb

parentify (third-person singular simple present parentifies, present participle parentifying, simple past and past participle parentified)

parentifies (present singular third-person)
parentifying (participle present)
parentified (participle past)
parentified (past)

(intransitive, sociology, psychology) To cause (a child) to act as a parent to its own parent or sibling.


horizontal hostility

(sociology) disrespectful or bullying behaviour among peers working on the same level in an organization


ethnostatistics

(sociology) The study of the social forces that influence the production of statistics.


microinteraction

microinteractions (plural)
micro-interaction (alternative)

If our brisk urban life is no longer broken up by chats at the cash register or banter with the barman[…], if we lose the benefits of all those micro-interactions that we know make us feel more connected, is it not inevitable that isolation and disconnection will be greater?

2020, Noreena Hertz, The Lonely Century, Hodder & Stoughton, →ISBN:

(social sciences) A short social interaction.


reworld

reworld (third-person singular simple present reworlds, present participle reworlding, simple past and past participle reworlded)

reworlds (present singular third-person)
reworlding (participle present)
reworlded (participle past)
reworlded (past)

(sociology) To reconstruct the world, or attempt to view it differently.


racemaking

(sociology) The formation of sociocultural ideas about races of people.


sociation

en-noun

sociation (countable and uncountable, plural sociations)

Risk cultures lie in non-institutional and anti-institutional sociations.

2000, Barbara Adam, Ulrich Beck, Joost Van Loon, The Risk Society and Beyond: Critical Issues for Social Theory, →ISBN, page 47:

Sociation is neither the cause nor the consequence of society; it is society.

2010, Alex Law -, Key Concepts in Classical Social Theory, →ISBN:

Basically, this entailed the formal study of human interaction, including the ways in which this interaction generates institutions, hierarchies, and structures of subjectivity, in a word, various forms of sociation.

2013, Stefan Jonsson, Crowds and Democracy, →ISBN:

However, all of them – from the simplest to the most meticulously regulated forms of social interaction – can be assessed as modalities of sociation.

2018, Gregor Fitzi, The Challenge of Modernity: Simmel’s Sociological Theory, →ISBN:

(sociology) Interactions and relationships among people.


polyscopic

en-adj

polyscopic (comparative more polyscopic, superlative most polyscopic)

more polyscopic (comparative)
most polyscopic (superlative)

(social sciences) Involving various methods and perspectives.


cognitariat

en-noun

cognitariat (countable and uncountable, plural cognitariats)

(sociology) A social group formed by people with high academic training, who receive a low salary not in accordance with their educational level.


periphractic

From Ancient Greek περιφρακτικός (periphraktikós), from φράσσω (phrássō).

der

περιφρακτικός

periphractic space

(sociology) Marginalizing; making a group peripheral and thereby denying them access to something.


fat acceptance

(sociology) The body positivity attitude that accepts and appreciates fatness or obesity in humans.


schoolscape

Studies have narrowed the territorial focus to signage used in specific cities, townships, suburbs, precincts, etc., in the grounds of schools, called ‘schoolscapes’, in shopping centres, and other localised areas.

2019, Li Huang, James Lambert, “Another Arrow for the Quiver: A New Methodology for Multilingual Researchers”, in Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, →DOI, page 2:

(linguistics, sociology) The linguistic setting of a school or education institution, especially the visual language in terms of signage.


standard dialect

en-noun

standard dialect (plural standard dialects)

standard language
standard language#English

(sociolinguistics) Synonym of standard language

standaarddialek

a variety of language regarded as most "correct", widely accepted, or neutral — see also standard language


standard variety

standard variety (plural standard varieties)

Finally, many children speak a nonstandard variety of their native language even though they understand the standard variety, which is the language of wider communication.

1975, United States Commission on Civil Rights, A Better Chance to Learn - Bilingual Bicultural Education, Volume 51, page 112:

standaardvariëteit

variety of language regarded as most "correct", widely accepted, or neutral — see also standard language


historical sociology

(sociology) A branch of sociology that focuses on how societies develop through history.


risk society

(sociology) A modern human society focused on possible future outcomes and what could go wrong.


queerity

queerity (countable and uncountable, plural queerities)

(social sciences) Queerness, in the sense of not conforming to sexual or gender norms.


interwhite

(sociology) Between (groups of) white people.


interblack

(sociology) Between (groups of) black people.


socioevaluative

(sociology) Relating to the evaluation of a person's place in, and worth to, society


ghawa syndrome

Named after the resyllabification of dialectal Arabic قَهْوَة (gahwa, “coffee”) as قْهَوَة (ghawa), which is the prototypical example of the phenomenon.

(sociolinguistics) Imitation of such resyllabification due to perceived prestige or correctness.


sociotropy

(sociology) A personality trait characterized by excessive investment in interpersonal relationships.


cispatriarchy

(sociology) The assumed dominance of cisgender men.


infrahumanisation

(sociology) The belief that one's ingroup is inherently more human than other groups


sociofamilial

(sociology) Relating to society and the family


technesis

Coined by Mark B. N. Hansen in 1998, from techno- + -esis, based on Alice Jardin's gynesis and ultimately Edmund Husserl's noesis.

quote-journal

1997, Mark Hansen, “"Not Thus, after All, Would Life Be Given": "Technesis", Technology and the Parody of Romantic Poetics in "Frankenstein"”, in Studies in Romanticism, volume 36, number 4, page 7:

(sociology) The putting of technology into discourse.


postconsumerism

(sociology) A value system that follows, and rejects or moves beyond, consumerism.


MTM

(sociolinguistics, language planning) Acronym of mother tongue medium, a medium in which the native language of the population is used, such as in education or in writing.


social contagion

en-noun

social contagion (countable and uncountable, plural social contagions)

A Peter leads a John, a John goes after a Peter, both of them unconscious of any influence exercised or received. And thus our life and conduct are ever propagating themselves, by a law of social contagion, throughout the circles […]

1852, Horace Bushnell, Unconscious Influence: A Sermon, page 4:

(pathology, sociology, psychology) The spontaneous spread of behaviour when it is unconsciously copied from one individual by another; a behavior that spreads in this manner.


behavioral contagion

social contagion
social contagion#English

(pathology, psychology, sociology) Synonym of social contagion.


negatively privileged

en-adj

negatively privileged (comparative more negatively privileged, superlative most negatively privileged)

more negatively privileged (comparative)
most negatively privileged (superlative)

Second, one might misunderstand Weber, as well as what follows, as an attempt at a complete explanation of the failures of negatively privileged groups to act politically in their own interests.

2016, Jason Stanley, How Propaganda Works, page 233:

When a negatively privileged challenger faces a positively privileged target, exchange and persuasion are not likely, because the challenger has no positive inducements for the target. The initiative therefore rests with the challenger.

1993, Anthony Oberschall, Social Movements: Ideologies, Interests, and Identities, page 98:

(sociology) Lacking benefits or advantages in society.


biocolonization

The term "biocolonization" is used to describe the combined control of genetic and agricultural resources by a few multinational firms, which holds a powerful weapon for the invasion of cultures. Biocolonization is regarded as a real threat facing large sectors worldwide, particularly when it affects human food.

2016, Salah E. O. Mahgoub, Genetically Modified Foods: Basics, Applications, and Controversy, CRC Press, →ISBN, page 276:

(social sciences) Colonization (and taking control) of populations or states by taking control of their agricultural resources and making them reliant on the colonizer's (bio)medical or agricultural (especially genetically-modified) supplies.


reverse bigotry

While the majority should not impose its religious views on the minority, the minority should respect the views of the majority. Reverse bigotry by the minority is just as reprehensible as bigotry by the majority.

1990, Richard Nixon, “Religion”, in In the Arena: A Memoir of Victory, Defeat, and Renewal, Simon and Schuster, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 91:

I think the worst thing they did was to instill a form of reverse bigotry in them. They now think their black side is the best part of them and have made remarks against whites.

2001, Marie Davis, Pearls of Wisdom: Surviving Against All Odds (book 2, page 327)

Of late, reverse bigotry has been making front page news. The pernicious 'special needs' doctrine of the 1976 Race Relations Act has turned the minds of many Asian Indian parents.

2005, Terry Tan, Culture Shock! Britain, page 135:

(sociology) Bigotry toward a dominant or privileged group of people by a group that has historically been the target of discrimination.


endocolonization

All of these practices by which the body is voluntarily tortured, disciplined, denied and de(p)leted are part of a larger tendency Paul Virilio calls "endocolonization": "It's no longer exo-colonization (the age of extending world conquest) but the age of intensiveness and endocolonization. One now colonizes only one's own population […]" In the age of endocolonization, then, bodies are disappearng from themselves and (dis)integrating into technology.

1990, Cincinnati Romance Review, pages 62–63:

Does that dominance produce its own endocolonizations? Is there thus a dominant culture, then, or is all culture and subculture — from the American middle class to cadres of Queer theorists — dominant and dominating to those who live within it?

2002, Anthony Kubiak, Agitated States: Performance in the American Theater of Cruelty, University of Michigan Press, →ISBN, page 31:

But Maslowska's text obeys a different, post-cold war imperative: to mirror a cultural and socioeconomic situation that is precisely not that of the colonial epoch during which Poland was the site of various European endocolonizations, devoured amongst Russian (later Soviet) and Austo-Hungarian empires.

Western national economies were beginning to turn inward, and endocolonization was launched at home. At that point, Western high art could indeed identify its subjects with colonial peoples, as the Westerners were now being subjected […]

2009, Enda Duffy, The speed handbook: velocity, pleasure, modernism, Duke University Press Books, page 45:

As stated above, no longer is this a situation of partial endocolonization, but instead one of total endocolonization, a situation also referred to by Virilio as total war.

2013, J. Adams, Occupy Time: Technoculture, Immediacy, and Resistance after Occupy Wall Street, Springer, →ISBN:

(social sciences) Colonization by a state or society of (part of) its own population, especially by taking control of their bodies or bodily integrity.


stylized fact

(social sciences, especially economics) A simplified presentation of an empirical finding.


social distance

en-noun

social distance (plural social distances)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-social distance.wav

(sociology) The distance between different social groups, e.g. in terms of class, ethnicity, gender-identity, sexual-identity, etc.


social construct

social construct (plural social constructs)

(sociology) A social convention or perception, such as class or gender, used by a particular society to describe human behavior.


Bourdieusian

(sociology) Of or pertaining to Pierre Bourdieu.


sociogenomic

(sociology, genetics) Relating to sociogenomics


subalternism

(social sciences, literary theory) The condition of being a subaltern.


HQC

HQC (countable and uncountable, plural HQCs)

high quality connection
high quality connection#English

(sociology) Abbreviation of high quality connection.


microdiscourse

microdiscourse (countable and uncountable, plural microdiscourses)

(sociology) small-scale discourse, for example between individuals


macrodiscourse

macrodiscourse (countable and uncountable, plural macrodiscourses)


positive action

(sociology) A form of affirmative action that attempts to assist members of an underrepresented group without prejudicing the criteria of selection by merit.


overt prestige

(sociolinguistics) Prestige acquired in a community by using a standard or formal language variety associated with power and status.


diversity fatigue

We're now told that much of the media industry has come down with "diversity fatigue." Before this malady, the story goes, the American Society of Newspaper Editors was committed to racial diversity.

1998, Z Magazine, volume 11, numbers 1–6, page 8:

Many companies have also developed "diversity fatigue," says Watson. "Some one at the senior executive level thinks diversity is a great idea. There's this push — events, posters — that lasts for a year or two and then it goes by the wayside.

2006, Black Enterprise, volume 36, numbers 6–12, page 98:

Finally someone said, “Our organization is facing diversity fatigue.”

2013, Trevor Wilson, The Human Equity Advantage:

(sociology) The situation where a person or organization loses interest in diversity initiatives through repeated exposure or a lack of results.


cultural capital

Calque of French capital culturel, coined by French sociologists Pierre Bourdieu and Jean-Claude Passeron (1970).

If you like: if economic capital is what you have, cultural capital is what you know, social capital is whom you know. […] Unless educational resources make some attempt to reverse the flow of cultural capital transmitted in the home then the end result will be enhanced forms of cultural inequality.

2007, Tim Edwards, Cultural Theory, SAGE, →ISBN, page 265:

[…]I had an excess of cultural capital and a lack of actual capital; […]

2020, Emily Segal, Mercury Retrograde, New York: Deluge Books, →ISBN:

(sociology) The social assets of a person, such as education, intellect, style of speech or dress, etc. that promote social mobility.