Iran

From Iranian Persian ایران (irân), from Classical Persian ایران (ērān), from Middle Persian 𐭠𐭩𐭥𐭠𐭭 (ʾērān, “of the Aryans”). See 𐭠𐭩𐭥𐭠𐭭 (ʾērān) for word formation, further etymology and cognates. The name of the political entity is a 3rd-century development that derives from the indigenous ethnolinguistic name of the Iranian peoples, i.e. the great variety of Iranian tribes that spoke an Iranian language.

der

"Kavi means a king, but it is particularly used of the kings belonging to the second and most celebrated of the two mythical dynasties of Iran."
"One certain fact is the occurrence of geographical names [Bactria, Sogdiana, etc] in Vendidad I, which are obviously intended to describe the earliest homes of the Iranian races whose lore was the Avesta."

1882, James Darmesteter, The Zend-Avesta, volume 1 (SBE, volume 31), Oxford UP, page 7, xxviii

"Zoroaster of Iran. — Zoroaster, it is believed, sprang up in the seventh century before the Christian era, somewhere in the land between the Indus and the Tigris."

1898, A. V. W. Jackson, Zoroaster: The Prophet of Ancient Iran, Macmillan, page 10:

"Iran. in early times, the name applied to the great Asiatic plateau which comprised the entire region from the Caucasus, the Caspian Sea, and Russian Turkestan on the north to the Tigris, the Persian Gulf, and the Arabian Sea on the west and south, and extending to the Indus on the east, likewise comprising the modern Afghanistan and the territory to the north of it as far as the Jaxartes River."

1909, “Iran”, in John Huston Finley, editor, Nelson's Perpetual Loose-leaf Encyclopaedia, volume 6, page 479:

"[W]e may surmise that there was a strong sense of Iranian unity lending solidarity to the eastern half of the empire. It is only in the generations after Alexander, in Eudemus and in Eratosthenes (ap. Strabo), that we find mention of the concept of a greater nation of Iran (Arianē) stretching from the Zagros to the Indus; but the sense of unity must have been there, for Herodotus tells us that the Medes were formerly called Arioi, and Darius I (followed by Xerxes) in his inscriptions proclaims himself an Iranian (Ariya) by race - he speaks of himself in ascending order as an Achaemenid, a Persian and an Iranian (Naqsh-i Rustam)."

1985, J. M. Cooke, “The Rise of the Achaemenids”, in Cambridge Historiy of Iran, volume 2, page 290:

"[The] Cambridge History of Iran [is] a survey of the history and historical geography of the land which is present-day Iran, as well as other territories inhabited by peoples of Iranian descent."

1990, Hubert Darke, “Cambridge History of Iran”, in Encyclopedia Iranica, volume 4, page 724:

(literary, technical) regions inhabited by the Iranian peoples.


language

en-verb

language (third-person singular simple present languages, present participle languaging, simple past and past participle languaged)

languages (present singular third-person)
languaging (participle present)
languaged (participle past)
languaged (past)

From Middle English langage, language, from Old French language, from Vulgar Latin *linguāticum, from Latin lingua (“tongue, speech, language”), from Old Latin dingua (“tongue”), from Proto-Indo-European *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s (“tongue, speech, language”). Doublet of langaj. Displaced native Old English ġeþēode.

der

/ˈlæŋɡwɪd͡ʒ/

[ˈleɪŋɡwɪd͡ʒ]

Others were languaged in such doubtful expressions that they have a double sense.

1655, Thomas Fuller, The Church-history of Britain; […], London: […] Iohn Williams […], →OCLC, (please specify |book=I to XI):

(rare, now nonstandard or technical) To communicate by language; to express in language.


simple

en-adj

simple (comparative simpler or more simple, superlative simplest or most simple)

simpler (comparative)
more simple (comparative)
simplest (superlative)
most simple (superlative)

Inherited from Middle English symple, simple, from Old French and French simple, from Latin simplex (“simple”, literally “onefold”) (as opposed to duplex (“double”, literally “twofold”)), from semel (“the same”) + plicō (“I fold”). See same and fold. Compare single, singular, simultaneous, etc.
Partially displaced native English onefold.

der

(heading, technical) Structurally uncomplicated.

(chemistry, pharmacology) Consisting of one single substance; uncompounded.

(mathematics, algebra, of an algebraic structure) Indecomposable (via direct sums): such that the kernel of any homomorphism (with domain the object in question) either contains only a single element or contains the whole structure. Thus a group is simple if it has no nontrivial proper normal subgroups; a ring is simple if it contains no nontrivial two-sided ideals; a module is simple if it contains no nontrivial proper submodules; etc.

(algebra, of a semigroup) Having no nontrivial ideals.

Structurally uncomplicated.
Having no nontrivial ideals.

(mathematics, real analysis, measure theory, of a real-valued function) Equal to a finite linear combination of indicator functions on measurable sets.

(botany) Not compound, but possibly lobed.

Structurally uncomplicated.
Not compound, but possibly lobed.

Chesapeake & Ohio turned to simple articulateds, for instance, simply because its Alleghany tunnels would not accommodate the low-pressure forward cylinders of larger compounds.

1959, David P. Morgan, editor, Steam's Finest Hour, Kalmbach Publishing Co., page 6:

Using steam only once in its cylinders, in contrast to a compound engine, where steam is used more than once in high-pressure and low-pressure cylinders. (of a steam engine)

a simple ascidian

(zoology) Consisting of a single individual or zooid; not compound.


flat

From Middle English flat, a borrowing from Old Norse flatr (compare Norwegian and Swedish flat, Danish flad), from Proto-Germanic *flataz, from Proto-Indo-European *pleth₂- (“flat”); akin to Saterland Frisian flot (“smooth”), German Flöz (“a geological layer”), Ancient Greek πλατύς (platús), Latvian plats, Sanskrit प्रथस् (prathas, “extension”). Doublet of plat and pleyt.
The noun is from Middle English flat (“level piece of ground, flat edge of a weapon”), from the adjective.
The algebraic sense was coined by Serre in a 1956 paper, originally as French plat.

inh

(technical, theatre, stagecraft) A rectangular wooden structure covered with masonite, lauan, or muslin, often produced in standard modules, that is used to build wall surfaces on stage. Flats can be painted and outfitted with doors and/or windows to depict a building or other part of a scene, and are a hard-surfaced alternative to a backcloth or backdrop.


Palestine

→ Korean: 팔레스타인 (Palleseutain)

→ Malay: Palestin

Medinet Habu
Padiiset's Statue
Palestine

From Middle English Palestyne, from Old English Palestina, from Latin Palaestīna (“Roman province of Palestine”), from Ancient Greek Παλαιστίνη (Palaistínē, “Philistia and the surrounding region”), from Hebrew פְּלֶשֶׁת (p'léshet, “Philistia, land of the Philistines”). The term P-l-s-t or P-r-s-t, found in five Ancient Egyptian inscriptions (beginning with one at Medinet Habu from circa 1170 BCE and ending with Padiiset's Statue inscription from circa 900-850 BCE) as the name of a people near Egypt, is traditionally taken to be cognate. Seven Assyrian inscriptions contain the word "Palas(h)tu" or "Pilistu", which is usually also taken to be cognate.

der

(historical, technical) A British colonial entity administering approximately the lands mentioned in definition 1.

(historical, technical, rare) The British League of Nations Mandate for Palestine, of which this region was a part (the remainder being Transjordan, which covered approximately the lands of the modern Kingdom (originally Emirate) of Jordan).


fag

Probably from fag end (“remnant”), from Middle English fagge (“flap”).

(US, technical) In textile inspections, a rough or coarse defect in the woven fabric.


trap

en-noun

trap (countable and uncountable, plural traps)

From Middle English trappe, from Old English træppe, treppe (“trap, snare”) (also in betræppan (“to trap”)) from Proto-West Germanic *trappjā (“trap, snare”), from Proto-West Germanic *trappjan (“to step”), from Proto-Germanic *trapjaną (“to tread, stamp”), from Proto-Indo-European *drebʰ- (“to step, trip, trample”).
Cognate with Dutch trap (“trap, snare”), German Low German Trapp (“trap”). Akin also to West Frisian traap (“stepping, treading, stairway”), German Treppe (“step, stair”), Old English træppan (“to step, tread”). Connection to "step" is "that upon which one steps". French trappe and Spanish trampa are ultimately borrowings from Germanic.

vēuháutsīe

a type of trap to catch birds using bait with adjustable loop

trap street

(by extension, cartography, law, technical) A (usually fictional) location or feature originally added to a map to detect plagiarism and copyright violations by other map makers or map services.


elective

en-adj

elective (comparative more elective, superlative most elective)

more elective (comparative)
most elective (superlative)

It was very confusing hearing my cancer surgery being classified as "elective surgery". Am I "electing" to live rather than die?

The vast majority of surgical procedures are considered elective, which means they can be scheduled in advance. […] doctors warned that thousands of patients were suffering as a result of delayed elective procedures such as hernia repair and spinal fusion. […] Nitin Yerram, director of urological oncology at Hackensack University Medical Center in New Jersey, said most cancer surgeries are considered elective, a term that's often misunderstood. "We tend to think more of tummy tucks and cosmetic surgery," Yerram said. "However, all ‘elective’ means is it's a scheduled surgery with work-up done before that. The opposite of elective is emergent or trauma situation, such as a car crash, where it's not a scheduled procedure."

2024 January 9, Dan Lamothe, Matt Viser, Fenit Nirappil, Missy Ryan, “Austin treated for prostate cancer before emergency, Pentagon reveals”, in Washington Post, retrieved 2024-01-09:

(US health care system, technical) Scheduled and nonemergent (regardless of whether necessary or unnecessary and whether minor or serious).


waterfall

/ˈwɔːtəfɔːl/

From Middle English waterfal, waterfalle, from Old English wæterġefeall (“waterfall”), equivalent to water + fall. Cognate with West Frisian wetterfal (“waterfall”), Dutch waterval (“waterfall”), German Wasserfall (“waterfall”), Swedish vattenfall (“waterfall”).

വെള്ളച്ചാട്ടം

veḷḷaccāṭṭaṁ

A very long duration project […] had taken a whole group of people through a painful waterfall development process.

(technical, computing, slang) Waterfall model


prime

prime (comparative primer, superlative primest)

primer (comparative)
primest (superlative)

From Middle English prime, from Old French prime and its etymon, Latin prīmus (“first”), from earlier prīsmos < *prīsemos < Proto-Italic *priisemos, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *per- (“beyond, before”). Doublet of primo and primus.
The noun sense "apostrophe-like symbol" originates from the fact that the symbol ′ was originally a superscript Roman numeral one.

der

(mathematics, technical) Such that if it divides a product, it divides one of the multiplicands.


gall

en-noun

gall (countable and uncountable, plural galls)

From Middle English galle, from Old English gealla (“a fretted spot on the skin”), from Proto-West Germanic *gallō, from Proto-Germanic *gallô (“infirmity, swelling, lesion”).

inh

(countable, technical) A pit on a surface being cut caused by the friction between the two surfaces exceeding the bond of the material at a point.

hankauma

pit caused on a surface caused by friction between the surfaces


gall

en-verb

gall (third-person singular simple present galls, present participle galling, simple past and past participle galled)

galls (present singular third-person)
galling (participle present)
galled (participle past)
galled (past)

Improper cooling and a dull milling cutter on titanium can gall the surface.

(transitive, technical) To cause pitting on a surface being cut from the friction between the two surfaces exceeding the bond of the material at a point.


flake

flake (third-person singular simple present flakes, present participle flaking, simple past and past participle flaked)

flakes (present singular third-person)
flaking (participle present)
flaked (participle past)
flaked (past)

From Middle English flake (“a flake of snow”), from Old English flacca and/or Old Norse flak (“loose or torn piece”) (compare Old Norse flakna (“to flake or chip”)), from Proto-Germanic *flaką (“something flat”), from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₂- (“flat, broad, plain”). Cognate with Norwegian flak (“slice, sliver”, literally “piece torn off”), Swedish flak (“a thin slice”), Danish flage (“flake”), German Flocke (“flake”), Dutch vlak (“smooth surface, plain”) and vlok (“flake”), as well as with Latin plaga (“flat surface, district, region”) and Welsh llech (“slate, tablet”). Doublet of plage.

cog

The line is flaked into the container for easy attachment and deployment.

(technical) To store an item such as rope or sail in layers


noisy

en-adj

noisy (comparative noisier, superlative noisiest)

noisier (comparative)
noisiest (superlative)

Looked at more carefully, and over a longer time period, the relationship between the economy and the incumbent’s performance is positive, but noisy. “The incumbent wins when the economy is good” is a useful, weak prior, but not an iron law, and one that historically has had many exceptions.

2024 March 28, Nate Silver, “How culture trumps economic class as the new political fault line”, in Silver Bulletin:

(technical) Accompanied by or introducing random fluctuations that obscure the real signal or data


node

→ Irish: nód

From Middle English node, borrowed from Latin nōdus. Doublet of knot, knout, and nodus.

(technical) A hole in the gnomon of a sundial, through which passes the ray of light which marks the hour of the day, the parallels of the Sun's declination, his place in the ecliptic, etc.

reikä

technical: hole in the gnomon of a sundial


foul

foul (comparative fouler, superlative foulest)

fouler (comparative)
foulest (superlative)

Inherited from Middle English foul, from Old English fūl (“foul, dirty, unclean, impure, vile, corrupt, rotten, stinking, guilty”), from Proto-West Germanic *fūl, from Proto-Germanic *fūlaz (“foul, rotten”), from Proto-Indo-European *puH- (“to rot”).
Cognate with Dutch vuil (“foul, dirty, filthy, obscene, lewd”), German faul (“foul, rotten, putrid, lazy”), German Low German fuul (“foul, rotten, putrid”), Faroese fúlur (“foul”), Icelandic fúll (“foul, rotten, sullen”), Danish ful (“nasty, ugly”), Norwegian Bokmål ful (“clever, sly”), Norwegian Bokmål ful (“clever, sly”) and Swedish ful (“ugly, dirty, bad”), and through Indo-European, with Albanian fëlliq (“to make dirty”), Latin puter (“rotten”). More at putrid.
Ancient Greek φαῦλος (phaûlos, “bad”) is a false cognate inasmuch as it is not from the same etymon, instead being cognate to few.

cog

The bus had stopped just foul of the north track at the Erindale Station Road public railway crossing […] With the bus stationary, but still foul of the north track, the train struck one of its front mirrors.

2015, Transportation Safety Board of Canada, Railway Investigation Report R13T0192

(technical) (with "of") Positioned on, in, or near enough to (a specified area) so as to obstruct it.


unseat

en-verb

unseat (third-person singular simple present unseats, present participle unseating, simple past and past participle unseated)

unseats (present singular third-person)
unseating (participle present)
unseated (participle past)
unseated (past)

From un- (suffix meaning ‘not’) + seat (“to provide with a place to sit”).

prefix

We replaced the screws, since the old ones unseated too easily.

When the feed-valve unseats, air begins to enter the train line and the black hand moves up; […]

1907, Straight Air Brakes; […], Scranton, P.A.: International Textbook Company, pages 50–51:

When the pump plunger is moved upward, the flat on top of the cup unseats from the flat on the plunger head and allows free movement of fuel through the inside of the cup into the bottom of the pump well.

1969, Guy F. Wetzel, Automotive Diagnosis and Tune-Up, 5th edition, Bloomington, I.L.: McKnight Publishing Company, →ISBN, page 399:

Pull the trigger and the end or needle portion of a spring-loaded shaft unseats from an opening to allow liquid or air to pass through.

1987, William McElroy, Painter's Handbook, Carlsbad, C.A.: Craftsman Book Company, →ISBN, →LCCN, page 250:

Using a screwdriver from the trunk of the Camaro, he opened the housing. The short screws unseated quickly and he set aside the lid.

2008, T. Jefferson Parker, L.A. Outlaws: A Novel, New York: Dutton, →ISBN, page 232:

(intransitive, technical) To come off or out of a seat.


cultural

en-adj

cultural (comparative more cultural, superlative most cultural)

more cultural (comparative)
most cultural (superlative)

/ˈkʌlt͡ʃ(ʊ)əɹəl/

cultural lighting


minimal

minimal (comparative more minimal, superlative most minimal)

more minimal (comparative)
most minimal (superlative)

mínimu

the smallest possible amount, quantity, or degree

With respect to the ordering induced by set-theoretic inclusion, the power set of the set of natural numbers has a unique minimal element: the empty set.

The smallest possible amount, quantity, or degree.

(mathematics, technical) Among elements of some collection, such that no other element is greater (with respect to some given partial order).


incendiary

incendiary (comparative more incendiary, superlative most incendiary)

more incendiary (comparative)
most incendiary (superlative)

ĭnsĕn´dĭĕ'rē

From Middle English incendiarie, from Old French incendiaire, from Latin incendiārius (“setting alight”), from incendium (“destructive fire”), from incendō (“I set on fire, kindle”), from in- (“into, in, on, upon”) + candeō (“I am hot”).

The Crown must prove beyond a reasonable doubt that the fire was incendiary in origin; that is, it was not accidental and that it was either intentionally or recklessly set by the accused.

2003 December 18, Adams, j., Newfoundland and Labrador Supreme Court, Trial Division, “R. v. Leite (F.), 2003 NLSCTD 181”, in CanLII, retrieved 2021-10-03:

(technical) Of a damaging fire, intentionally caused rather than accidental.


modulo

/ˈmɒd͡ʒələʊ/

/ˈmɑd͡ʒəloʊ/

From Latin modulō, ablative of modulus (“a measure”).

"A is the same as B modulo C" means A is the same as B except for differences accounted for by C.

Thus, the underlying structure which I would assign to Navajo will be identical, modulo word order, to the one that we found to be projected in all of the languages studied in chapter 3.

1990, Margaret Speas, Phrase Structure in Natural Language, page 281:

Moreover, in the role of consumer, each individual (modulo his location) faces the same array of goods and services on sale to anyone who can pay the purchase price[.]

2002, Richard Arneson, “Egalitarianism”, in The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy:

(technical) Except for differences accounted for by.


internode

(technical) Whatever lies between two nodes.


broken arrow

A broken arrow A - - -> B indicates that an occasional result of Section A is used in Section B, but that Section B is essentially independent of Section A.

2003, Thomas W. Hungerford, Algebra, →ISBN, page 371:

Longitudinal scan of focal thickening and disruption of the median nerve (broken arrow), at the level volar to the distal radius, in keeping with scarring from prior trauma. (F) Sagittal proton density MR image of nonspecific thickening of the 2. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 3. 4. median nerve (broken arrow), with a similar configuration.

2012, Diana Gaitini, Musculoskeletal Ultrasound, An Issue of Ultrasound Clinics, →ISBN:

Note that the uptake of pertechnetate (i.e., darkness) is comparable between the two thyroid lobes (solid arrow) and the salivary glands (broken arrow).

2014, Richard W. Nelson, C. Guillermo Couto, Small Animal Internal Medicine, →ISBN, page 761:

(technical) A callout marker that consists of a dashed line with an arrowhead.


prae-

(archaic, technical, or pedantic) Alternative form of pre-


nervy

nervy (comparative nervier, superlative nerviest)

nervier (comparative)
nerviest (superlative)

(technical) jittery; having unwanted signal characteristics.


hairiness

en-noun

hairiness (countable and uncountable, plural hairinesses)

There was a reduction in hairiness of yarn after warping by about 17% in comparison to the hairiness of the wound yarn.

1978, Ahmedabad Textile Industry's Research Association, Proceedings of the Technological Conference, page 91:

(technical) A characteristic of yarn: the proportion of fibre ends that stick out and are not embedded in the yarn body.


orling

(chiefly technical, usually as plural) A tooth of a comb.


water meadow

(technical) An area of grassland subject to controlled irrigation or flooding in order to increase agricultural productivity.


retardate

(technical) A retarded person; a person with retardation.


undeformable

en-adj

undeformable (comparative more undeformable, superlative most undeformable)

more undeformable (comparative)
most undeformable (superlative)

(technical) Not capable of being deformed under the given conditions


noncompliant

noncompliant (comparative more noncompliant, superlative most noncompliant)

more noncompliant (comparative)
most noncompliant (superlative)

We just need to finish up a couple of things on the project, to make sure nothing's left noncompliant.

(technical) Not complying with certain rules or regulations.


low-slope roof

(technical, construction, US) According to ASTM standard E 1918-97, a roof whose uppermost part is installed at a slope of 2/12 or 1:6 (9.5 degrees) or less.


steep-slope roof

en-noun

steep-slope roof (plural steep-slope roofs)

(technical, construction, US) According to ASTM standard E 1918-97, a roof whose uppermost part is installed at a slope of 2:12 (9.5 degrees) or more.


microgenesis

The term microgenesis has been proposed for the continuous formative activity which underlies cognition.

1975, American Handbook of Psychiatry: Organic Disorder and Psychosomatic Medicine, page 272:

Goldberg (1985) has proposed that the SMA is part of a medial system which is crucial in the programming and fluent execution of movements on the basis of internal models of reality. He hypothesized that there are two stages in the microgenesis of movement, each stage being a loop consisting of a number of cortical and subcortical structures. The first stage involves the selection of a context-appropriate behavioral strategy, and the second involves the specification of the details required to execute the action.

1990, G. Jason, Geoffrey Hammond, Cerebral Control of Speech and Limb Movements, page 154:

[...] the gesture is highly conventionalized, a formal linguistic sign in and of itself requiring no verbal representation to be understood (for example, when a young child is told to 'wave bye bye'). McNeill (1992) believes that there are different qualities that accompany this continuum in relation to the microgenesis of an utterance, stating that at the beginning there is a 'spontaneous' use of gestures which is connected with the germination of a thought, while the use of conventionalized gestures corresponds to the final stages of the thought process.

1995, Cornell Working Papers in Linguistics: Volumes 13-15, page 104:

Like in action where one should execute the movements or responses one at a time (and it is physically impossible to do it otherwise, circus practices notwithstanding), microgenesis tends to solve one or another subtask at different stages of its unfolding. In high-level activity, particular efferent operations often unfold as more or less arbitrary segments in a continuous flow of actions. [...] Can you tell the exact moment when a ball-toss ends and the strike for the serve begins in tennis? Not so easily. Similarly, in microgensis, stages unfold as somewhat arbitrarily isolable epochs in a continuous flow of percept genesis.

2000, Talis Bachmann, Microgenetic Approach to the Conscious Mind, page 200:

The intention of this paper is to open up a dialogue on the wider implications of microgenesis, particularly as it applies to the process-relational view of intersubjectivity.

2008, Mark Germine, The microgenesis of antisociality: a process-relational perspective, which is chapter 6 of Neuropsychology and Philosophy of Mind in Process: Essays in Honor of Jason Brown, beginning on page 144 of that book

(social sciences technical jargon) The development, in discrete but generally imperceptible (seemingly continuous) increments, by the human body or brain, of thoughts, motions, or actions.


hypothenar

/haɪˈpɒθɪnə/

From Ancient Greek ὑπο- (hupo-, “under”) + θέναρ (thénar, “palm of the hand”).

(technical) The ulnar fleshy side of the palm, formed by the underlying three muscles of the little finger; the hypothenar eminence.


circumposition

circumposition (countable and uncountable, plural circumpositions)

From circum- + position. From Latin circumpositio, from circumpōno (“I put round”).

Ho and Boothroyd (1979) studied the intraposition of a peg into a hole and the circumposition of a part with a hole onto a peg.

2007, T. Lim et al., “Factors affecting user performance in haptic assembly”, in Virtual Reality, volume 11, number 4:

(chiefly technical) The act of positioning something around something else; or the state of being so positioned


suber

In many trees the suber is very slightly developed. But this is not the case with the Cork-oak (Quercus suber).

1869, Louis Figuier, The Vegetable World, page 39:

(dated, technical) Cork, or the corresponding layer of woody tissue below the epidermis of a plant.


demin

It's usually not safe to drink demin.

There are many applications, for example it would be useful to fit it in series with ion exchange cartridges used in the laboratory or on 'demin' plants in industry.

1973 March, “Miniature conductivity meter”, in Control & Instrumentation, volume 5, number 3 (advertisement), London: Morgan-Grampian Ltd., →ISSN, →OCLC, page 63:

For this reason, a demin line normally consists of a cation and an anion filter. If the water quality is not according to specifications after leaving these two filters, a mixed bed (anion and cation resins in one tank) is used.

2015, L. Daal, F. de Vos, J. Soons, T. de Vries, “Membrane technologies for water treatment and reuse in the power industries”, in Angelo Basile, Alfredo Cassano, Navin K. Rastog, editors, Advances in Membrane Technologies for Water Treatment: Materials, Processes and Applications (Woodhead Publishing Series in Energy; 75), Sawston, Cambridgeshire: Woodhead Publishing, →DOI, →ISBN, page 610:

(technical, usually attributively) Demineralized water.


seacoal

(historical, technical, chiefly US) coal to be used at sea: a certain class of mineral coal, especially suitable for the steam engines of ships at sea and locomotives.

Such coal used in foundry practice, intermixed with foundry sand or applied in a layer on its face, to modify the behavior of the molten metal.


greyline

(strictly, technical) A transition line, coinciding with a twilight zone (terminator), where a change in the propagation of radio waves is observed.


bittiness

‘Bittiness’ occurs when dirt is incorporated into the surface from the atmosphere or dirty tools, or if the paint is not properly strained.

1994, John Hinks, Geoff Cook, The Technology of Building Defects, Spon Press, published 2003, Section 6.5, p. 121:

(technical) The inclusion of material in paint or varnish films which disturbs the smooth uniformity of the coating.


tremulate

en-verb

tremulate (third-person singular simple present tremulates, present participle tremulating, simple past and past participle tremulated)

tremulates (present singular third-person)
tremulating (participle present)
tremulated (participle past)
tremulated (past)

(transitive) To cause to tremble, quiver


croupon

Borrowed from German Croupon, from French croupon, from Middle French crepon, from Old French crepon, from crope (“buttocks”) + -on.

The hot air is shut off and 2 pailfuls cold water added with ½ liter benzin per croupon[…]

1913 January 20, Pierre Geurten, “Chrome Belting”, in The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association, volume 8, number 1, American Leather Chemists Association, page 118:

Monfort Butt Branded Steer Croupon, Mostly Beef Type, Range 32/40 lbs, av. 35/38 lb

1963 March 6, “Republic of China: Item 2”, in AID Small Business Circular, Washington, D.C.: Department of State, page 2:

One-piece, Grade AA Gallusser croupon, flesh-out leather (3.5-3.7mm thick) with a very high (25%) grease content.

1975 September 20, “Raichle: Now More than Ever”, in Backpacker, volume 3, number 3, New York: Backpacker Inc., →ISSN, page 72:

(leatherworking, technical) A cowhide with the belly and neck removed.


come-along

The kayak was tied to the roof of her car with two come alongs.

A chain-type come-along is not as popular as a wire rope come-along, because the chain type is usually heavier and is designed primarily to be rigged for straight pulls.

1993, Robert Worsing, Rural Rescue and Emergency Care, →ISBN, page 64:

For heavy fences that are seriously out of alignment, it really helps to use a come-along — so long as you've got something solid to hitch it to and enough cable to pull with.

1999, George Nash, Wooden Fences, →ISBN, page 221:

The come-along's construction is based on the same principles as that of the hackamore in Figure B, but it is more effective.

2013, Fay E. Ward, The Cowboy at Work, →ISBN:

(technical) A type of hand-operated winch used, for example, to tighten straps, chains, or ropes.


helium unscrambler

en-noun

helium unscrambler (plural helium unscramblers)

helium descrambler
helium descrambler#English

(technical diving, saturation diving, underwater diving) Synonym of helium descrambler


helium descrambler

helium descrambler (plural helium descramblers)

(technical diving, saturation diving, underwater diving) An electronic device that lowers the pitch of speech, to compensate for the high-pitched speech of someone breathing in a helium atmosphere mixture (e.g. heliox or heliair), so as to be understandable to other people.


soap film

(technical, by extension) Any thin layer of liquid (usually water-based) surrounded by air, such as that formed when two soap bubbles come into contact; networks of such films (archetypally, soapy foams) have physical properties that are often mathematically predictable and serve as models.


comealong

(technical) Alternative form of come-along


denest

en-verb

denest (third-person singular simple present denests, present participle denesting, simple past and past participle denested)

denests (present singular third-person)
denesting (participle present)
denested (participle past)
denested (past)

The cups are nested, sealed in polyethylene bags, and sterilized using ethylene oxide methods. After sterilization, the nested cups are transported to the aseptic packaging area, where they are aseptically removed from their polyethylene shroud and placed in the shrouded clean environment. Sterilized food is filled through the equipment into cups that have been denested into holders.

1999, M. Shafiur Rahman, editor, Handbook of Food Preservation, New York, N.Y., Basel: Marcel Dekker, Inc., →ISBN, page 142:

To save space, sub-subentries—where unavoidable—are generally run-on even in otherwise set-out indexes. However, they can most effectively be bypassed by denesting the subentry into a separate main entry of its own, cross-referring to it as necessary.

2002, R. M. Ritter, editor, The Oxford Manual of Style, London […]: BCA, page 593:

But called words don't get denested either at compile time or runtime. But could compile portable tokens and then on some systems denest then as just in time compiling and running or you could have a coprocessor that denests higher level nested code.

2005 July 18, Jeff Fox, “Denesting”, in comp.lang.forth (Usenet):

In the first step we use a little-known theorem that, for a particular situation, "denests" a square root that occurs as a term within another square root.

2007, Gerald R. Rising, Inside Your Calculator: From Simple Programs to Significant Insights, Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley-Interscience, →ISBN, pages 273–274:

(transitive, intransitive, technical) To undo the process of nesting (in various senses); to separate out of a nested structure.


lagometer

The lagometer has been designed by Siemens Bros. and Co. for measuring time constants of relays.

1940, “The Lagometer”, in Journal of the Royal Aeronautical Society, volume 44, number 2, page 12:

The temperature of the solution in the padder and of the water in washing boxes is controlled by means of a lagometer.

1978, Fedor Ivanovich Sadov, Mikhail Vladimirovich Korchagin, A. Matetsky, Chemical Technology of Fibrous Materials, Mir Publishers, page 538:

(technical) A device that measures any other sort of lag.


camout

Phillips screw heads are known to be prone to camouts.

All tests proved positive: camouts (run outs) were reduced, panel damage was cut by at least 50 percent, stick fit was achieved, productivity increased, and service people reported they preferred the new screws[.]

1998 August, “Fastener Reduces Panel Damage by 50%”, in Appliance Manufacturer, volume 46, number 8, Troy, M.I.: Business News Publishing Co., →ISSN, →OCLC, page 90, column 3:

(technical) An instance in which a screwdriver slips out of the head of a screw due to excessive torque being applied; an instance of camming out.