awrath

From the Arabic عَوْرَة (ʕawra, “imperfection”, “nakedness”), from عَوِرَ (ʕawira, “to lose an eye”).

bor

(Islam) Those parts of one’s body which must be covered for decency, which vary according to sect and circumstance (for example, a woman covers different parts around men than around women).


Jannat

Borrowed from Arabic جَنَّةْ (jannat, literally “paradise”).

bor+

Jannah (alternative)
Zannat (alternative South-Asia)


softa

From Ottoman Turkish صوفته (“theology student”) (modern Turkish softa), from Classical Persian سوخته (sōxta).

bor

The softas, concerning whose exploits we have heard so much of late, are the theological students who wish to become ulemas, or, literally, learned men.

1896, Eliakim Littell, Robert S. Littell, Living Age, volume 208, page 330:

(Islam) A religious student, especially in Turkey


Iblis

From Arabic إِبْلِيس (ʔiblīs, “Iblis”), possibly from the trilateral root ب ل س (b l s) with the general meaning of “despair”, بَلَسَ (balasa). Alternatively, perhaps from Ancient Greek διάβολος (diábolos).

Iblees (alternative)
Eblis (alternative)

beyond these mountains, Eblis and his accursed Dives hold their infernal empire.

1786, William Beckford, Vathek; an Arabian Tale:

I do believe that Eblis hath
A snare in ev’ry human path —

1829, Edgar Allan Poe, “Tamerlane”, in Al Aaraaf, Tamerlane and Minor Poems:


jihadic

en-adj

jihadic (comparative more jihadic, superlative most jihadic)

more jihadic (comparative)
most jihadic (superlative)

Kepel, however, refuses to surrender his belief that the jihadic firestorm reached its zenith long before, with the Soviet expulsion from Afghanistan in 1989.

2005, William H. Thornton, New world empire: civil Islam, terrorism, and the making of neoglobalism, page 4:


Al Hijrah

Borrowed from Arabic الهِجْرَة (al-hijra)

(Islam) The first day of the Islamic calendar; the first day of Muharram.


imamate

From imam + -ate (forms nouns denoting rank or office).

af

The Mahometans do not agree among themselves about this imamate, or dignity of the imam. Some think it of divine right, and attached to a single family, as the pontificate of Aaron. Others hold, that it is, indeed, of divine right, but deny it to be so attached to any single family, as that it may not be transferred to another.

1819, Abraham Rees, “Imam”, in The Cyclopaedia; Or, Universal Dictionary of Arts, Sciences and Literature, volume 18:

After mentioning these facts, Shahristâni adds that "whatever befell them was prognosticated by Jaafar as-Sâdik, who said that temporal dominion was not for their family, but that the Imâmate was to be a toy in the hands of the Abbassides."

1891, Syed Ameer Ali, The Life and Teachings of Mohammed: Or, The Spirit of Islam:

The government has accused the Houthis of trying to restore the traditional Zaidi-led imamate that largely ruled Yemen until 1962.

2009 September 21, Robert F. Worth, “Yemen’s North Hit by Bloodiest Fighting in Years”, in New York Times:

(Islam) The office or jurisdiction of an imam.


Urs

(Sufism) The death anniversary of a Sufi saint, usually held at the dargah.


ziara

(Islam) A visit to a holy place; a pilgrimage.


wali

You see the shrine was founded in memory of a great Wali, seer, holy man – but apparently a Mohammedan.

1974, Lawrence Durrell, Monsieur, Faber & Faber, published 1992, page 130:


deen

2014, CHANEL, Purple Ink Presents Savage Sisters by Chanel, iUniverse →ISBN
Sterling was Muslim, and although he wasn't on his deen, Shanice and Shakira felt that he should have had a Janazah.

2016, Skepta, Shutdown, on Konnichiwa
You say you're Muslim, you say you're Rasta / Say you don't eat pork, don't eat pussy / Liar, you're just an actor / Blud, you're not on your deen

(Islam) religion; religiosity; the way of life of a pious Muslim


Zaqqum

Zakkum (alternative)
Zoacum (alternative)

(Islam) A tree that grows in Jahannam (Hell), whose dwellers are compelled to eat the bitter fruit.


taqiyya

Unadapted borrowing from Arabic تَقِيَّة (taqiyya).

ubor

taqiyah (alternative)
taqīyah (alternative)
takiyya (alternative)

(Islam) Religious dissimulation while under threat or persecution.


asr

From Arabic عَصْر (ʕaṣr, “afternoon”), in صَلَاةُ العَصْر (ṣalātu al-ʕaṣr, “afternoon prayer”).


halala

From Urdu حلالہ (halāla), the practice being called in Eastern Persian حلاله (halâla), while Iranian Persian uses محلل (mohallal), the Arabic term being تَحْلِيل (taḥlīl), scilicet نِكَاح التَحْلِيل (nikāḥ at-taḥlīl), زَوَاج التَحْلِيل (zawāj at-taḥlīl).

Since remarriage is not permitted after three divorces, they arrange Halala with some one, that is, on the condition that he divorces her, the next day after marriage.

1972, Ahmad Said, Fear of hell: translation of Dozakh ka khatka:

In the past my Mullah friend had performed halalas but now he lived according to the law of Christ which forbade him to do such an evil act.

1998, Ida Glaser, Partners Or Prisoners?: Christians Thinking about Women and Islam:

However, it is also stated that the process of halala cannot be used as a device to re-marry the former spouse. It must happen in the natural course of events.

2011, Flavia Agnes, Family Law: Volume 1: Family Laws and Constitutional Claims:

(Islam) A wedlease (temporary marriage) to a stranger undertaken prior to remarriage to an ex, that is to make the remarriage halal, or the woman halala f to marry.


metamorphist

Concerning the progeny of the transfigured sinners, Muslim scholars split into two groups, which Cook figuratively designated as "creationists" and "metamorphists.” The former held that swine and monkeys were created in the form they exist today, whereas the latter believed that their contemporary apes and swine were the progeny of the transfigured sinners.

2022, Pavel Pavlovitch, Muslim al-Naysābūrī (d. 261/875): The Sceptical Traditionalist, page 121:

On the other hand, there was the metamorphist position that some species were not created at all; instead they were brought into existence through metamorphosis in later epochs, after which they enjoyed a biological fitness no less than that of created species.

2022, Michael Cook, Studies in the Origins of Early Islamic Culture and Tradition, page 54:

(Islam, theology) One who believes that some species were not part of the original creation but arose as the transformed souls of sinners.


associationist

(Islam) a mushrik; one who ascribes partners to Allah (God) or believes in the Trinity.


tamkin

[…] concepts such as tamkin (woman's duty to submit to her husband's will) and nushuz (her refusal to submit, rebellion), which legitimate women's subordination in marriage, but instead they add two qualifiers.

1996, Mai Yamani, Feminism and Islam: Legal and Literary Perspectives, page 294:

It's a wife's lack of tamkin that causes such a thing. Why aren't you prepared to be in tamkin?

2002, Donna Lee Bowen, Evelyn A. Early, Everyday Life in the Muslim Middle East, →ISBN, page 140:

Since Islam claims to be opposed to injustice, any law that upholds injustice is anti-Islamic — and if a law is anti-Islamic, it must change. Reformist Islamist women have also proposed to modify the issue of tamkin.

2002, Hammed Shahidian, Women in Iran: Emerging voices in the women's movement, page 56:

(Islam) A woman's duty to submit to her husband's will.


Ibrahimic

en-adj

Ibrahimic (comparative more Ibrahimic, superlative most Ibrahimic)

more Ibrahimic (comparative)
most Ibrahimic (superlative)


Alawite

(Islam) A member of a mystical Shiite Islamic group that reveres Ali.


Ramadhan

(Islam) alternative spelling of Ramadan.


dargah

dargahs (plural)
durgah (alternative)
durgaw (alternative)

/ˈdɜː(ɹ)ɡɑː/

/ˈdɑː(ɹ)ɡɑː/

From Hindustani درگاہ / दरगाह (dargāh), from Classical Persian درگاه (dargāh). See also English eidgah.

If not for the fakir's dargah the village might well have melted back into the mud, its inhabitants not being the kind of people to tarry long in one place […].

2008, Amitav Ghosh, Sea of Poppies, Penguin, published 2015, page 61:

But beyond the dargah, and the medieval warren in which it sits, north India's present-day politics can be a good deal less accommodating of religious diversity.

2016, Sunil Khilnani, Incarnations, Penguin, published 2017, page 86:

(Islam, South Asia) A shrine associated with the grave of a Muslim saint or similar religious figure.


Golden Gate

Calque of Latin Porta Aurea and/or Ancient Greek Χρῡσὴ Πύλη (Khrūsḕ Púlē) (as neo-Latin Chrysopylae). Coined by American explorer John C. Frémont, who explained, “To this Gate I gave the name of ‘Chrysopylae’, or ‘Golden Gate’; for the same reasons that the harbor of Byzantium was called Chrysoceras, or Golden Horn.”

coin

Golden Gate
Golden Gate (disambiguation)

(Christianity, Islam, Judaism) The oldest of the current gates in Jerusalem's Old City Walls, through which, according to Jewish tradition, the shekinah used to appear and will appear again when the Messiah comes.


maghrib

From Arabic مَغْرِب (maḡrib, “west, sunset”), in صَلَاةُ اَلْمَغْرِب (ṣalātu l-maḡrib, “sunset prayer”).


Kutub al-Sittah

Borrowed from Arabic الكُتُب السِّتَّة (al-kutub as-sitta, “the six books”).

bor

الكُتُب السِّتَّة

(Islam) The group of six collections of hadiths (sayings or acts of Muhammad) which form part of the official canon of Sunni Islam.


sharia law

en-noun

sharia law (countable and uncountable, plural sharia laws)

(countable, Islam) Any of the laws in this system.


korban

Ultimately from Arabic قُرْبَان (qurbān), probably through Malay korban. Doublet of corban and Qurbana.

To explore alternative sources, a korban review committee was formed last December with officials from the Islamic Religious Council of Singapore[…].

2013 October 16, Melody Zaccheus, “Muslims mark Hari Raya Haji with prayer, korban”, in The Straits Times:

[…]on Hari Raya Haji, a “Korban” (sacrifice) is performed, where live sheep, lambs and other livestock are slaughtered as prayers are recited.

2020 May 15, Pinky Chng, “What's the difference between Hari Raya Puasa and Hari Raya Haji?”, in AsiaOne:

(Islam) a ritual sacrifice of a livestock animal at Eid ul-Adha


dawah

From Arabic دَعْوَة (daʕwa, “call to action; invitation”).

der

(Islam) Islamic proselytism, particularly through preaching


dhuhr

From Arabic ظُهْر (ẓuhr, “noon”), in صَلَاة اَلظُّهْر (ṣalāt aẓ-ẓuhr, “noon prayer”).

Each afternoon – immediately following the dhuhur or midday prayers – he was summoned to Fatima's tent for a question-and-answer period.

1982, TC Boyle, Water Music, Penguin, published 2006, page 55:

It is 1999 and I am told that, as an employee of the nation of Islam, one of my duties is to supervise the female students of the college while they participate in Dhuhr.

2010, Kylie Sturgess, The Lay Scientist, The Guardian (online), 10 Nov 2010


Light

English surname, from both senses of light.

(Islam) The 24th sura (chapter) of the Qur'an.


Mu'tazila

the Mu'tazila (canonical)
Mutazila (alternative)
Mutazilah (alternative)
Mu'tazilah (alternative)

Borrowed from Arabic الْمُعْتَزِلَة (al-muʕtazila).

bor

الْمُعْتَزِلَة

A denomination in Islam that valued reason over hadith interpretation.


Mu'tazila

الْمُعْتَزِلَة

Mutazila (alternative)
Mutazilah (alternative)
Mu'tazilah (alternative)


UHC

(religion, Islam) Initialism of Universal Hejric Calendar.


ICOP

(astronomy, Islam) Initialism of Islamic Crescent Observation Project.


Bukharist

1941, V. R. Bevan Jones, Lewis Bevan Jones, Woman in Islām: A Manual with Special Reference to Conditions in India, page 432:

(Islam, rare) A Sunni; one who believes in Sahih Bukhari.


Hadithist

Hadithists (plural)
hadithist (alternative)


Hadith

(uncountable, religion, Islam) The entire collection of hadiths (sayings and deeds) of Muhammad within a particular branch of Islam or Islamic jurisprudence.


takfir

en-verb

takfir (third-person singular simple present takfirs, present participle takfiring, simple past and past participle takfired)

takfirs (present singular third-person)
takfiring (participle present)
takfired (participle past)
takfired (past)

(Islam, transitive) To excommunicate, to declare someone a kafir.


Bakriyyah

Borrowed from Arabic بَكْرِيَّة (bakriyya).


Umari

From Arabic عُمَري (ʕumari). Equivalent to Umar + -i. See also Amari.

(Islam) A member of the al-Omari, a family claiming descent from Umar, the second caliph of the Islamic empire.


mut'ah

en-noun

mut'ah (usually uncountable, plural mut'ahs)

Borrowed from Arabic مُتْعَة (mutʕa). Doublet of mutat.

(Islam) Temporary marriage (wedlease) practised by certain Muslim sects, particularly Shias.


Wahhabist

(Islam) a follower of Wahhabism; a Wahhabite.


dikka

(Islam) A tribune raised upon columns from which the Qur'an is recited and prayers are intoned by the Imam of a mosque.

дикка

tribune raised upon columns from which the Koran is recited


misyar

(Islam) A temporary marriage (wedlease), especially in Sunni Islam.


harami

(Islam) A person who has done something haram; a sinner.


Sevener

(Islam) A member of a branch of Ismaili Shi'a Muslims who believe that Isma'il ibn Jafar was the seventh and last imam (hereditary leader of the Muslim community).


khatib

(Islam) A person who delivers the khutbah.


qari

Borrowed from Arabic قَارِئ (qāriʔ, “reader”).

(Islam) One who recites the Qur'an according to the tajwid, or proper rules of recitation.


Fiver

From five + -er (“supporter”) or + -er (occupational suffix).

The three major branches or sects are the Twelvers, Seveners, and Fivers.

1998, Emory C. Bogle, Islam: Origin and Belief, University of Texas Press, page 145:

Whereas the largest Shi’a branch, the ‘Twelvers’, strictly believe that there were only 12 visible imams, the ’Fivers’ have recognised many more imams throughout their history.

2007, Daniel McLaughlin, Yemen: The Bradt Travel Guide, Bradt, page 23:

(the Zaydis, or Fivers, were the first subset to break away from larger Shi’ism, and traditionally elected an imam from among the descendants of the Prophet Muhammad as their leader).

J. E. Peterson, Yemen on the precipice: Governing the ungovernable in 2013, Abbas Kadhim, Governance in the Middle East and North Africa: A Handbook, Routledge International Handbooks, page 306


Eid al-Ghadeer

From Arabic عِيد الْغَدِير (ʕīd al-ḡadīr, literally “feast of the pond”).

bor

عِيد الْغَدِير

(Islam) An Islamic festival that marks the nomination of Ali as the successor of Mohammed.


sunnah

en-noun

sunnah (countable and uncountable, plural sunnahs)

Borrowed from Arabic سُنَّة (sunna, “habit, custom”).

(Islam) (An example of) Muhammad's way of life, as recorded in the hadiths, especially when viewed as a model for Muslims to emulate.


Tijani

(Islam) A member of the Tijaniyyah, a subgroup of Sufi Muslims.


Chishti

From Classical Persian چشتی (cištī); which means "of Chisht" from Chisht, a town in Herat, Afghanistan; the location in which the order began.

(Islam) A member of a major Sunni spiritual order of Sufism.


Mevlevi

(Islam) A Sufi Muslim who styles themselves after the Sufi mystic Rumi.


iddah

(Islam) The period for which a woman must wait after the death of her spouse, or after a divorce, before she can remarry.


Five Pillars

the Five Pillars (canonical)
five pillars (alternative)

(Islam) Five fundamental devotional practices of Islam, considered to be obligatory for all Muslims to follow; namely: declaration of faith in Allah (shahada), five daily prayers (salah), almsgiving (zakat), fasting (saum), and pilgrimage to Mecca (hajj).

五功

Five fundamental devotional duties of Islam


peace be upon him

Calque of Arabic عَلَيْهِ ٱلسَّلَامُ (ʕalayhi s-salāmu, “peace be upon him”)

calque

عَلَيْهِ ٱلسَّلَامُ

Peace be upon him
Peace be upon him in Judaism

Jesus, peace be upon him, travelled to […]

(Islam) an honorific phrase used by Muslims after any mention in speech or print of holy persons

Таңара кинини алҕаатын уонна айхаллаатын

Guds frid och välsignelser vare med honom


Seal of the Prophets

Calque of Arabic خَاتَم النَّبِيِّينَ (ḵātam an-nabiyyīna).

خَاتَم النَّبِيِّينَ


mosque affiliation

en-noun

mosque affiliation (plural mosque affiliations)

(Islam) The Islamic denomination a Muslim has joined or supports.


takfirism

(Islam) The practice of excommunicating other Muslims.


Bohra

(Islam) A member of a particular Sevener Shi'ite denomination.


F.T.

(Islam) Initialism of Final Testament (Quran)


Farewell Sermon

Calque of Arabic خُطْبَة الْوَدَاع (ḵuṭba(t) al-wadāʕ)

calque

خُطْبَة الْوَدَاع

(Islam) A sermon given by Muhammad in 632 on Mount Arafat.


salaam alaikum

Borrowed from Arabic السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكُمْ (as-salāmu ʕalaykum, “peace be upon you”). Doublet of shalom aleichem.

bor+

السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكُمْ

salam alaikum (alternative)
salaam alaykum (alternative)
salam alaykum (alternative)
as-salaam alaikum (alternative)
assalamu alaikum (alternative)
assalamu alaykum (alternative)
salaamu alaikum (alternative)

(Islam) A greeting said on meeting someone.

әссәләмәғәләйкүм

əssələməğələyküm


People of the Book

Calque of Arabic أَهْل الْكِتَاب (ʔahl al-kitāb).

cal

أَهْل الْكِتَاب

(Islam) Non-Muslims who adhere to an Abrahamic religion.


dawn prayer

Calque of Arabic صَلَاةُ الْفَجْرِ (ṣalātu l-fajri)

calque

صَلَاةُ الْفَجْرِ

Ayesha relates that the Holy Prophet never omitted four raka'as before the noon prayer and two raka'as before the dawn Prayer.

1975, Nawawi, Gardens of the Righteous, Page 198

The Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) happened to pass by a person who was busy in praying while the (Fard of the) dawn prayer had commenced.

1990, Sahih Muslim, Being Traditions of the Sayings and Doings of the Prophet, book 4, number 1535

It is known with certainty that if someone prays one bowing of the dawn prayer before sunrise, and if someone prays one bowing of the afternoon prayer before sunset, then […]

2013, al-Shafii, The Epistle on Legal Theory, Page 239

(Islam) fajr, the first of the five daily prayers offered by practising Muslims.


fasiq

Unadapted borrowing from Arabic فَاسِق (fāsiq), from فِسْق (fisq).

ubor

(Islam) An evil-doer, sinner; a person who violates Islamic law.


munafiq

Unadapted borrowing from Arabic مُنَافِق (munāfiq)

(Islam) A religious hypocrite, a person who professes to believe in something (especially Islam) but actually does not.


salaf

Borrowed from Arabic سَلَف (salaf, “predecessor”).

(Islam) One of the earliest Muslims, including Muhammad's companions and followers.


murtad

Borrowed from Arabic مُرْتَدّ (murtadd).

(Islam, sometimes used derogatorily) An apostate from Islam.


mushrik

Unadapted borrowing from Arabic مُشْرِك (mušrik).

unadapted borrowing

And do not marry mushrik women until they believe, for a believing bondmaid is better than a mushrik woman, even though you may admire her.

1999, Yusuf Al-Qaradawi, quoting The Qur'an, translated by Kamal El-Helbawy, M. Moinuddin Siddiqui, Syed Shukry, and Ahmad Zaki Hammad, The Lawful and the Prohibited in Islam (Al-Halal Wal Haram Fil Islam), →ISBN:

A person can have committed shirk in their lifetime and still find forgiveness (especially by saying the Shahada and becoming a Muslim). The concept is that if one dies in this state (as a mushrik, an idolator, one who engages in and does not repent shirk), there is no forgiveness.

2013, James R. White, What Every Christian Needs to Know About the Qur'an, Baker Books, →ISBN:

(Islam) A person who rejects tawhid; an idolater, a polytheist.


iqama

iqamas (plural)
ikamet (alternative)
iqamat (alternative)
iqamah (alternative)

(Islam) The second call to prayer, made immediately before Muslims pray.


mutawatir

Borrowed from Arabic مُتَواتِر (mutawātir, “successive”).

bor

(Islam, science of hadith) A large chain of narrations in the hadiths


Farthest Mosque

the Farthest Mosque (canonical)
Furthest Mosque (alternative)

Calque of Arabic الْمَسْجِد الْأَقْصَى (al-masjid al-ʔaqṣā)

calque

الْمَسْجِد الْأَقْصَى

(Islam) the Temple Mount (Al-Aqsa compound) in Jerusalem


Noble Sanctuary

Calque of Arabic الْحَرَم الشَرِيف (al-ḥaram aš-šarīf)

الْحَرَم الشَرِيف

(Islam) The Temple Mount, when viewed as an Islamic holy site (specifically, the third holiest site).


Haram al-Sharif

Borrowed from Arabic الْحَرَم الشَّرِيف (al-ḥaram aš-šarīf, “the noble sanctuary”), a sobriquet also used for the other two holiest sites in Islam in Mecca and Medina.

bor+

الْحَرَم الشَّرِيف

This marked the first time since 2017 that an Israeli Minister has visited the site, known by Jews as Temple Mount and by Muslims as Haram al-Sharif, and which is administered by Jordan.

2023 January 5, “UN working to reduce tensions following Israel minister’s holy site visit”, in UN News, archived from the original on 2023-02-21:

(Islam) The Temple Mount; the Noble Sanctuary.


al-Amin

Borrowed from Arabic الْأَمِين (al-ʔamīn).

(Islam) a nickname of Muhammad, meaning the trusted one


Abu Qasim

Borrowed from Arabic أَبُو الْقَاسِم (ʔabū l-qāsim, “father of al-Qasim”).

أَبُو الْقَاسِم


khums

(Islam) A Shi'ite tax of one-fifth of various profits (e.g. one's surplus income, or business profits).


awrah

en-noun

awrah (countable and uncountable, plural awrahs)


mahram

(Islam) A family member who is haram to marry.


Buraq Wall

Partial calque of Arabic حَائِطُ ٱلْبُرَاق (ḥāʔiṭu l-burāq), because it is, according to Muslim tradition, the location where the prophet Mohammed tethered the legendary creature Buraq, البُرَاق (al-burāq).

partial calque

حَائِطُ ٱلْبُرَاق


tajwid

Arabic تَجْوِيد (tajwīd), literally "elocution".

(Islam, phonology) The rules governing pronunciation during recitation of the Qur'an.


hasanat

From Arabic حَسَنَات (ḥasanāt), plural of حَسَنَة (ḥasana, “good deed”).

2003, Abu Alwafa, A study of the word "love" in the Qur'an Group: alt.religion.islam
The muhasneen or those who do good deeds (hasanats).

If we see through Islamic point of view, every act we do whether big or small are counted in our good deeds (hasanat), like cooking, cleaning, bringing up kids, serving the family, visiting relatives and neighbors, helping the needy, visiting the sick, even a smile is a sadaqah to be rewarded by Allah.

2014 December 4, Maryam Hedayat, “The importance of balance”, in MuslimVillage.com:

(Islam) Credit for good deeds, which Allah weighs up against one's bad deeds at the final judgement after death.


thawab

en-noun

thawab (usually uncountable, plural thawabs)

From Arabic ثَوَاب (ṯawāb, “recompense”)


tarawih

Borrowed from Arabic تَرَاوِيح (tarāwīḥ).

bor

Arabic تَرَاوِيح (tarāwīḥ)

(Islam) An extra prayer performed by Sunni Muslims at night in the month of Ramadan.


juz

Unadapted borrowing from Arabic جُزْء (juzʔ).

ubor

(Islam) Any of thirty parts of varying length into which the Qur'an is sometimes divided.


hudud

en-noun

hudud pl (normally plural, singular hadd)

hadd (singular)
hadood (alternative)
hadud (alternative)
hudood (alternative)

From Arabic حُدُود (ḥudūd, “boundaries, penalties”).

bor

(Islam) The maximum punishments for certain crimes, including theft, fornication, adultery, false accusation of adultery, drunkenness, and apostasy.


unhalal

(somewhat informal, chiefly Islam) Not halal; haram.


Muslimdom

(Islam, sometimes informal, collective) The sphere, state or period of being a Muslim.


Muslimhood

(Islam) The state or quality of being Muslim.


Muwahhid

Unadapted borrowing from Arabic مُوَحِّد (muwaḥḥid). Doublet of Almohad.

ubor

(Islam) Who is focused on tawhid, the unity of God.


Muwahhid

Muwahhids (plural)
Muwaḥḥid (alternative)

(Islam) A Muslim who is focused on tawhid, the unity of God.


wajib

en-noun

wajib (countable and uncountable, plural wajibs)

Further, that bounties are wajib, so revealed obligations are wajib. These cannot be known except through a prophet. So the existence of prophets is wajib, for that without which a binding duty (wajib) cannot be completed is itself wajib.

2004, Norman Calder, Jawid Mojaddedi, Andrew Rippin, Classical Islam: A Sourcebook of Religious Literature, Routledge, →ISBN, page 169:

(Islam) A religious duty; something that Muslims are obliged to do.


House of Allah

Calque of Arabic بَيْت اللّٰه (bayt allāh)

calque

بَيْت اللّٰه


Allah's House

بَيْت اللّٰه

Perform circumambulation of Allah's House with feelings of great love and devotion.

2006, A. H. Qasmi, Principles of Islam, page 236:


haram police

The care of the mataf [the paved area round the Ka'ba] is the peculiar duty of a corps of fifty black eunuches, who also act as the Haram police.

1994, Francis E. Peters, Mecca, A Literary History of the Muslim Holy Land, page 275:

Consequendy, litde cultivation of artistic talent has been developed, and it almost seems that only mediocrity is accepted as squeaking past the harsh gaze of the halal/haram police

2008, Kate Zebiri, British Muslim Converts, page 126:

During one MJD presentation to explain her point, Somaya refers to the film clip 'the Haram police' on 'Ummah Films', suggesting that the others 'check out' this funny—and even attractive—guy called 'Baba Ali'.

2013, Robert Hefner, Religions in Movement, page 223:

He was the haram police

(Islam) A group or organization of hardline or fundamentalist Muslims who frequently and aggressively point out sins.


sujud

sujuds (plural)
sajdah (alternative)
sujood (alternative)

Then, the person should stand up and repeat the same process (e.g. recite the first chapter of the Quran; recite another chapter of the Quran, bow, and do the two sujuds).

2014, Sayyid Moustafa Al-Qazwini, Discovering Islam:


ruku'

(Islam) The act of bowing as part of Islamic prayer.


Laylatul Qadr

From Arabic لَيْلَةُ الْقَدْر (laylatu l-qadr), from لَيْلَة (layla, “night”) and قَدْر (qadr).

bor

لَيْلَةُ الْقَدْر

(Islam) A night during Ramadan that commemorates the initial revelation of the Qur'an, usually on the 27th of Ramadan.


Sahih Muslim

(Islam) The second most important hadith collection among Sunnis.


mujtahid

From Arabic مُجْتَهِد (mujtahid, literally “diligent”).

(Islam) A lawyer entitled to exercise ijtihad.


mashallah

From Arabic مَا شَاءَ ٱللّٰه (mā šāʔa llāh).

مَا شَاءَ ٱللّٰه

Arabic مَا شَاءَ ٱللّٰه (mā šāʔa llāh)

what hath God wrought

similar literal meaning and historically in usage

Mashallah, I hear Akhmad say. Mashallah. I ask him what it means. “Mashallah, it's to be thankful. Something wonderful.” It means, literally, “God wills it.” And yet it seems, there's a kind of joy inside the word, too. Some large, cosmic gratitude.

2019, Maggie Paxson, The Plateau, Penguin, →ISBN, page 308:

divine intervention
divine intervention#English

(Islam) Expressing the speaker's gratitude for a blessing or their recognition of divine intervention in its occurrence. God willed it.

Coordinate term: knock on wood

'Mashallah, fine set of boys you've got here, sir,' he smiled, shaking us all by the hand, and giving Jamal a mock punch on the shoulder. 'Y'all new to the masjid?' ' Yes, we are,' Dad answered him. 'It's our first time here as a family.'

2014, Na'ima B. Robert, She Wore Red Trainers: A Muslim Love Story, Kube Publishing Ltd, →ISBN:

(Islam) Expressing the speaker's wish for a fortune to be maintained, especially against the evil eye; used in congratulation.


tayammum

Borrowed from Arabic تَيَمُّم (tayammum).

(Islam) The wiping of one's face and hands against dust, sand or a clean physical object in place of wudhu for the bereft or bedridden.


Quranologist

By referring these facts we are in a position to request the scholars of Qur' an and Quranologists to study them in strict conformity, concordance and collaboration of Hadith which are parallel, congruous and interdependent.

2001 Zamir Ahmed, The Quranic Sociology of Crime - Page 63

Thus, in line with Kenneth Craig, the non-Muslim British Quranologist, there can be no dichotomization between the two: “Islam is the Quranically guided religion; the Quran is the Islamically revealed book”

2011, Okechukwu Ukaga, Who Was Muhammad? Group: USA Africa Dialogue Series:

Pretzl was the director of the Qur'an Archives of the University of Munich, where three generations of Qur'anologists had collected the biggest collection in the world on Qur'an and its allied subjects

1971, Muhammad Asad, Islamic Culture - Volume 20 - Page 218

2009, HO, hijra: of meaning and meaning of meaning of emigration Group: USA Africa Dialogue Series
hijra: of meaning and meaning of meaning of emigration by afis a. oladosu first, a short note on the title. the medieval rhetorician and quranologist, abdul qahir al-jurjani, in his important works on rhetoric asrar al-balagh (the secret of rhetoric) and dalail al-ijaz (guides to quranic

(Islam) One who studies Quran-related topics


Ibadism

From Arabic إِبَاض (ʔibāḍ, part of the name of Abd Allah b. Ibad) + -ism.

af

إِبَاض<lang:ar><pos:part of the name of Abd Allah b. Ibad>

(Islam) The doctrines associated with Ibadis, such as the acceptance of fewer hadiths, and the addition of Jami Sahih as a canonical hadith.


Eid al-Saghir

From Arabic الْعِيد الصَّغِير (al-ʕīd aṣ-ṣaḡīr, literally “the small feast”).

bor

الْعِيد الصَّغِير


Zahirism

An exception was their position regarding Zahirism, the exoteric or literalist legal doctrine that through its adoption by the eleventh-century Cordoban scholar Ibn Hazm came to represent the most dangerous challenge to Andalusi Malikism. Zahirism is close to Shafi'ism and Hanbalism in its insistence on the predominant role played by Prophetic hadith, in its restriction of the use of analogical reasoning and in its denial of any validity to the consensus arising after the early generations of Muslims.

2016, Andrew P. Roach, Heresy and the Making of European Culture:

(Islam) The Sunni Islamic movement that promotes the apparent meaning of the Quran.


Ibadist

From Arabic إِبَاض (ʔibāḍ, part of the name of Abd Allah b. Ibad) + -ist.


mawla

Transliteration of Arabic مَوْلًى (mawlan).


Malikism

(Islam) A Sunnite school of thought, founded by Malik ibn Anas, that privileges the practices of Medinan scholars.


taghut

Arabic طَاغُوت (ṭāḡūt, “to overstep boundaries or rebel”).

uder

taaghoot (alternative)
taghoot (alternative)

(Islam) idolatry; the worship of anything except Allah


ghusl

en-noun

ghusl (countable and uncountable, plural ghusls)

(Islam) A full-body wash taken by Muslims to restore the body to a state of purity.

غُسْل

full-body taken to restore the body to purity


Nusayrism

From the name of Ibn Nusayr, believed to have founded the group during the 9th century, + -ism.

(Islam) A syncretic offshoot of Shi'ism, whose adherents self-identify as Alawites.


rafida

Borrowed from Arabic رَافِضَة (rāfiḍa), plural of رَافِضِيّ (rāfiḍiyy, “rejector”) also passed as Rafidhi.

(Islam, offensive, religious slur) Shiite


i'tikaf

(Islam) The retreat into a mosque for worship, especially during the Night of Power.


Azazel

From Hebrew עֲזָאזֵל (azazél, “Azazel, cliff from which the scapegoat was sent to its death”), Arabic عَزَازِيل (ʕazāzīl).

der

Arabic عَزَازِيل (ʕazāzīl)


durood

Borrowed from Urdu دُرُود (durūd), from Classical Persian دُرُود (durūd).

(Islam, chiefly South Asia) Salawat; The uttering of specific phrases to compliment the prophet Muhammad whenever he is mentioned or encountered in a text.


Hud

(Islam) A prophet of Islam, sometimes identified with Eber in the Bible

هُود

A prophet of Islam; the name of the 11th sura

(Islam) The eleventh sura of the Qur'an.


Saleh

From Iranian Persian صالح (sâleh), from Arabic صَالِح (ṣāliḥ); the prophet's name literally means "pious."

(Islam) A prophet of Islam who prophesied to the people of Thamud.


Shuaib

Shu'aib (alternative)
Shuayb (alternative)
Shu'ayb (alternative)
Shoaib (alternative)

(Islam) A prophet of Islam who prophesied to the Midianites, sometimes identified with the Biblical Jethro.


Uthman

'Uthman (alternative)
Usman (alternative)

(Islam) Uthman bin Affan, third Islamic caliph and a companion of Muhammad.


Abu Bakr

Transliteration of Arabic أَبُو بَكْر (ʔabū bakr, literally “father of a young camel; father of a person named Bakr”).


kafala

(Islam) A form of Islamic adoption in which the child is not regarded as a true child of the adoptive parents.


siryah

(Islam) Any of the battles in which the Islamic prophet Muhammad personally did not participate but to which he sent Sahabis.


Islamness

(Islam) The state of being Muslim or Islamic.


hojatoleslam

hojatoleslams (plural)
hojatolislam (alternative)

Borrowed from Persian حُجَّتُالْاِسلام (hojjatoleslâm), from Arabic حُجَّةُ ٱلْإِسْلَامِ (ḥujjatu l-ʔislāmi, literally “authority on Islam”)

bor+

حُجَّتُالْاِسلام

der

حُجَّةُ ٱلْإِسْلَامِ

(Islam) A middle-ranking Islamic cleric.


buka puasa

Unadapted borrowing from Malay, from buka (“to open”) + puasa (“fasting”) - comparable to breakfast.

The buka puasa functions which flourish during the fasting month have become the latest addition to the Malaysian way of life.

1990 April 24, The Straits Times, page 29:

Experience Singapore’s traditional Buka Puasa favourites from the Halal Chinese, Malay and Indian show kitchens during the Muslim fasting month, Ramadan.

2005 October 7, The Business Times, page 32:

They are pulling out all the stops by offering special buka puasa menus and dishes to tantalise the tastebuds of diners.

(Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, Islam) Relating to iftar.


s.a.w.w.

An initialism formed from Arabic صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم (ṣallā llāhu ʕalayhi wasallam).

uder

صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم

صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم


tawiz

Borrowed from Hindi तावीज़ (tāvīz) / Urdu تَعْوِیذ (taʻwīẕ, taʻvīẕ), from Arabic تَعْوِيذ (taʕwīḏ)

bor

Urdu تَعْوِیذ (taʻwīẕ, taʻvīẕ)

Arabic تَعْوِيذ (taʕwīḏ)

An amulet or locket containing verses from the Qur'an or other Islamic prayers and symbols.


habous

(Islam, law) An equivalent of mortmain in Islamic law


Sherifian

sherifian (alternative)
sharifian (alternative)
Sharifian (alternative)

(Islam) Relating to a descendant of Muhammad through his daughter Fatima


zindiq

zindiqs (plural)
zandaqa (plural)
zendic (alternative)
zendik (alternative)
zendiq (alternative)
zindeeq (alternative)
zindik (alternative)

From Arabic زِنْدِيق (zindīq, “heretic”).

(Islam, historical, derogatory) In medieval times, a person whose views or practices were considered contrary to Islamic dogma; a heretic or unbeliever, or one who practised heretical magic.


sukuk

Borrowed from Arabic صُكُوك (ṣukūk), plural of صَكّ (ṣakk, “bond, deed”).

(Islam, economics) A bond that generates a return to an investor without infringing Islamic laws against interest.


jahilliya

From Arabic جَاهِلِيَّة (jāhiliyya, “ignorance”).

(Islam) A pre-Islamic period of ignorance and darkness.


Zaynab

Arabic زَيْنَب (zaynab, literally “fragrant flower”).

uder

Zainab (alternative)
Zeinab (alternative)
Zeineb (alternative)
Zenab (alternative)
Zeynab (alternative)
Zeynep (alternative)
Zinab (alternative)

(Islam) The daughter of the prophet Muhammad.

(Islam) The granddaughter of the prophet Muhammad.


marjaiya

Borrowed from Arabic مَرْجِعِيَّة (marjiʕiyya)

bor

مَرْجِعِيَّة

The role of the marjaiya is to be the protector of the rights of society.

2015 November 1, Tim Arango, “In Bid to Counter Iran, Ayatollah in Iraq May End Up Emulating It”, in New York Times:

(Islam) The supreme religious body of ayatollahs in Shi'ism.


Commander of the Faithful

Calque of Arabic أَمِير الْمُؤْمِنِينَ (ʔamīr al-muʔminīna)

calque

أَمِير الْمُؤْمِنِينَ

(Islam) Arabic title of caliphs and other independent sovereign Muslim rulers who claim legitimacy from a community of Muslims.


diyya

en-noun

diyya (countable and uncountable, plural diyat)

diyat (plural)
diya (alternative)
diyah (alternative)
diyeh (alternative)
diyyah (alternative)

(Islam) A financial compensation paid, under sharia law, to the victim or their heirs in cases of homicide, bodily harm, or property damage (in some cases the victim side must accept this payment, while in others it can insist on talion instead).


qisas

(Islam, law) Under sharia law, the principle of retaliation in kind, or retributive justice.


sehar

Food blogger and doctor, Wasim M Mohindeen adds, "I try and stay away from spices during the sehar (the meal before dawn).

2016 June 16, “Fast and feast responsibly this Ramadan!”, in The Times of India:

(India, Islam) Alternative form of suhur


walima

(Islam) The marriage banquet held as part of an Islamic wedding.

velime

(Islam) the marriage banquet held as part of an Islamic wedding


akh

Borrowed from Arabic أَخ (ʔaḵ, “brother”). Doublet of ock.

(Islam, MLE, MTE, slang) Brother; a close male friend or associate.


sahih

bor

Arabic صَحِيح (ṣaḥīḥ)

(Islam) authentic: said of a hadith that has been preserved and transmitted accurately


jariya

jariyat (plural)
jawari (plural)
cariye (alternative)


mustahabb

Borrowed from Arabic مُسْتَحَبّ (mustaḥabb, “recommended”), passive participle of اِسْتَحَبَّ (istaḥabba, “to deem recommended”).

(Islam) Of an action, in religious terms: recommended, favourable, virtuous.


wellah

He cast out the demons of possessed persons, and he bound the jân, wellah, in yonder corner.

1888, Charles Montagu Doughty, Travels in Arabia Deserta:


jann

en-noun

jann (plural janns or jinnan or jawan or jinn or jinnah)

janns (plural)
jinnan (plural)
jawan (plural)
jinn (plural)
jinnah (plural)

(Islam) The father of the jinn preceding humanity.


mushbooh

(Islam) Of food: neither obviously haram nor obviously halal, thus doubtful or suspect in terms of whether Muslims are allowed to consume it.


makruh

en-adj

makruh (comparative more makruh, superlative most makruh)

more makruh (comparative)
most makruh (superlative)
makrooh (alternative)

(Islam, fiqh) Not haram, but disliked or offensive, such that a person will be rewarded for avoiding it.


dhabihah

From Arabic ذَبِيحَة (ḏabīḥa, “slaughtered animal”).

bor

dhabiha (alternative)
zabeeha (alternative)
zabiha (alternative)
zabihah (alternative)
dhabīḥah (alternative)

(Islam) The prescribed Islamic method of ritual slaughter of animals to produce halal meat, consisting of a swift, deep incision with a sharp knife on the throat, cutting the jugular veins and carotid arteries of both sides but leaving the spinal cord intact.


Murji'ah

(Islam) An early Islamic school of divinity.


Murji'ite

(Islam) A follower of the Murji'ah school of divinity.


Mouride

(Islam) A member of a Sufi order most prominent in Senegal and the Gambia, and by whom the city of Touba in Senegal is considered holy.


sehra

(Islam) A prothalamion sung at a Muslim wedding in praise of the groom.


istinja

اِسْتِنْجَاء

Arabic اِسْتِنْجَاء (istinjāʔ)

(Islam) Ritual cleansing of the urethra or anus after using the toilet.


Salafi jihadism

Whether it be the terror of salafi jihadism or the insidious institutional racism of the British National Party, there are those who stand ready to fill the vacuum with a sanitised identity and twisted vision if the silent majority hold back from forging a new identity.

2009, John Sentamu, quoted in The Guardian, 5 April

He seeks to trace the intellectual history of Salafi-Jihadism from its origins in the mountains of the Hindu Kush to the rise of Osama bin Laden to the explosion of jihadism during and after the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq until the present day.

2016 November, David Patrikarakos, “Progression through Regression”, in Literary Review:

(Islam) An Islamist ideology calling for a struggle to reclaim what adherents see as the pure, true form of Sunni Islam as exemplified by the first three generations of Muslims.


waqfed

(Islam) Granted as a waqf, or endowment.


qurbani

Borrowed from Urdu قُرْبَانی (qurbānī), from Classical Persian قُرْبَانِی (qurbānī), ultimately from Arabic قُرْبَان (qurbān).

(Islam) The sacrifice of a livestock animal during Eid al-Adha.


surau

From Malay surau, possibly from Sanskrit सुरौकस् (suraukas, “abode of the gods”).

musalla

a room where Muslims pray, aside from a mosque

He knew the sound so well he didn't bother to turn his head. It was even more familiar than the sound of the surau’s drum that beat five times a day.

2015, Eka Kurniawan, translated by Labodalih Sembiring, Man Tiger, Verso, page 2:

(Islam) A small mosque or other Islamic assembly building in parts of Sumatra and the Malay peninsula.

The men's surau can be found at the left of the clock store.

(Islam, Malaysia) A small room in any public place where Muslims pray.


qiyam

(Islam) A form of optional prayer prayed during the night, preceding the ruku.


najis

(Islam) Ritually unclean, such that contact with it puts a Muslim in a state of impurity.


'ismah

Borrowed from Arabic عِصْمَة (ʕiṣma), literally "protection".

(Islam) The concept of incorruptible innocence, immunity from sin, or moral infallibility, ascribed to prophets, imams, and angels.


tahaarah

Transliteration of Arabic طَهَارَة (ṭahāra).


Ayoub

(Islam) Job, one of the prophets mentioned in the Qur'an


Momin

Etymology tree
Arabic آمَنَ (ʔāmana)
Arabic مُؤْمِن (muʔmin)bor.
Classical Persian مُؤْمِن (mu'min)bor.
Urdu مومِن (momin)bor.
English Momin
Borrowed from Urdu مومِن (momin), borrowed from Classical Persian مُؤْمِن (mu'min), borrowed from Arabic مُؤْمِن (muʔmin), from آمَنَ (ʔāmana). Doublet of mu'min.

etymon

(Islam) An Arabic Islamic term, frequently referenced in the Quran, meaning "believer"


Resurrection

(Islam) The 75th sura (chapter) of the Qur'an.


Dawood

From Arabic دَاوُود (dāwūd). Doublet of David.


Qutbist

en-adj

Qutbist (comparative more Qutbist, superlative most Qutbist)

more Qutbist (comparative)
most Qutbist (superlative)
Quṭbist (alternative)

(Islam, politics) Of or pertaining to Qutbism.


Qutbist

(Islam, politics) A supporter of Qutbism.


Qutbism

The ideology of Qutbism was pursued by Muhammad Abdul al-Salam Faraj, who emerged after Qutb as Egypt's most important Islamist revolutionaries.

2007, Bilveer Singh, The Talibanization of Southeast Asia: Losing the War on Terror to Islamist Extremists:

(Islam, politics) An Islamist ideology developed by Sayyid Qutb, the figurehead of the Muslim Brotherhood, involving the use of military force to propagate sharia law.


zabiba

Borrowed from Arabic زَبِيبَة (zabība), literally "raisin".


free-mix

en-verb

free-mix (third-person singular simple present free-mixes, present participle free-mixing, simple past and past participle free-mixed)

free-mixes (present singular third-person)
free-mixing (participle present)
free-mixed (participle past)
free-mixed (past)
freemix (alternative)

Free-mixing between the sexes is forbidden, men and women are advised to marry at a young age so that they can fulfill their desires lawfully, and all are told to "lower their gazes" in public so that the eye may not be used as an instrument of Satan.

1999, Abdul Ghaffar Hasan, The Rights & Duties Of Women In Islam:

“They have full 'respect' for nightclubs, nudism, alcohol, pornography, homosexuality, fornication, adultery, interest, free-mixing, music, gambling and freedom to insult the sharia under the pretext of freedom of speech,” the message continued.

2011, Yaakov Lappin, Virtual Caliphate: Exposing the Islamist State on the Internet, →ISBN:

You're not going to say it's permissible to free-mix, but this is the society in which you live, so there's bound to be a level of free-mixing— though some of it is needless.

2016, Anabel Inge, The Making of a Salafi Muslim Woman: Paths to Conversion:

However, school leaders had not taken decisive action following reports from the police in 2013/2014 about extremist views, including one posting stating that any sixth-form students who attended a 'leavers' party' and engaged in 'free-mixing' or 'listening to music' would face 'severe consequences later'.

2016, Russell Grigg, Big Ideas in Education: What Every Teacher Should Know:

(intransitive, Islam) To mingle and socialize with members of the opposite sex.


nasnas

(Islam, folklore) A monstrous creature related to the jinn, said to resemble the left or right half of a human being (with half a head, half a body, one arm and one leg).


sarkari

Borrowed from Hindi सरकारी (sarkārī). The usage of "sarkari" as a negative term originated from Khalistani supporters who condemned Sikhs who supported the government of India.

sarkari Musalman

a Muslim who favours BJP policies instead of Muslim activism

(India, Islam, slang) Supporting the government of India, pro-establishment; specifically, the BJP and Hindutva, against Indian Muslim interests.


Idris

(Islam) a prophet in Islam; traditionally identified with the biblical Enoch.


musalla

Borrowed from Arabic مُصَلًّى (muṣallan), from صَلَّى (ṣallā, “to pray”).

(Islam) A place for praying (e.g. outside a mosque); a praying room.


tassawuf

Borrowed from Arabic تَصَوُّف (taṣawwuf)


istikhara

bor

اِسْتِخَارَة

Arabic اِسْتِخَارَة (istiḵāra)

istikhaara (alternative)
istikhaarah (alternative)

(Islam) A prayer seeking guidance in making a decision.


qareen

(Islam) A jinn who acts as a person's spiritual double and may influence them to do evil.


nisab

(Islam) A minimum amount of wealth beyond which one must pay zakat (alms).


inlibration

Coined by Harry A Wolfson (1887–1974) on the model of incarnation, from in- + inflected stem of Latin liber (“book”) + -ation.

Consequently, […] the question arises in our mind whether […] there was not also in Islam a controversy over the inlibration, that is, the embookment, of the pre-existing Koran in the revealed Koran and also over the problem of whether the revealed Koran had two natures, a divine and a man-made, or only one nature, a man-made nature.

1976, Harry Austryn Wolfson, The Philosophy of the Kalam, page 146:

The Prophet had to be a vessel unstained by external knowledge for the Word's inlibration, just as Mary had to be virgin in order to be a pure vessel for the Word's incarnation.

1992, Annemarie Schimmel, Islam: An Introduction, page 75:

Inlibration works in contrast—for Muslims the Qur'an is god, a fixed point as god's creation goes on around it.

2015, Steve Aylett, Heart of the Original, Unbound, page 30:

(Islam) The fact of God's being invested in a book (the Qur'an), as opposed to in flesh as held by Christianity.


talqin

(Islam) The recitation of the shahada and other creedal information or instructions to someone who is about to die, or who has recently died and been buried.


wallahi

From Arabic وَٱللّٰه (wa-llāh, literally “by God”).


sword verse

Calque of Arabic آيَات السَّيْف (ʔāyāt as-sayf, “sword verses”).

cal

آيَات السَّيْف

(Islam, chiefly in the plural) Any of a number of verses in the Qur'an that may be interpreted as promoting violence against nonbelievers.


turbah

From Arabic تُرْبَة (turba). Doublet of turbeh.

(Islam) A small piece of soil or clay, often in the form of a tablet, used in Islamic prayer to symbolize earth.


musahharati

musahharatis (plural)
musaharati (alternative)

From Arabic مُسَحَّرَاتِيّ (musaḥḥarātiyy).

bor

مُسَحَّرَاتِيّ

(Islam) A person who beats a drum to wake Muslims for suhur.


taalim

From Arabic تَعْلِيم (taʕlīm, “education”).

Ahmadu Bamba developed a system of education for realizing his philosophy of religion and life which Babou spelt out as comprising three steps: there is taalim, the study of the Qur'an and Islamic science for feeding the brain, then there is tarbiyya, for educating the soul, and finally tarqiyya, only reachable by a small number of people and "gifted disciples" which puts them in a position of leadership.

2013, Sakah Saidu Mahmud, Sharia or Shura: Contending Approaches to Muslim Politics in Nigeria and Senegal:

There are some requirements for hosting the taalim, which moves from one house to another every month by decision of the mosques of the town, village, or neighborhood.

2017, Pauline Jones, Islam, Society, and Politics in Central Asia:


manqabat

From Hindustani منقبت / मनक़बत (manaqbat).

(Sufism) A Sufi devotional poem in praise of Ali ibn Abi Talib, the son-in-law of Muhammad, or of any Sufi saint.


nafs

(Islam) The self; the psyche, ego, or soul.


grand iftar

grand iftars (plural)
Grand Iftar (alternative)

(Islam) A street party to celebrate the end of Ramadan.


by Allah

From Arabic الله (allāh, “the deity, God”). Compare by God.

The eldest, however, having hent in hand a bannock of bread, exclaimed, “By Allah, verily this cake was baked by a woman in her ailment!”

1885, Richard F. Burton, “Story of the Sultan of Al-Yamman and his three sons”, in A Plain and Literal Translation of the Arabian Nights Entertainments, volume III, page 357:

O community of Muhammad! By Allah, if you knew what I knew, you would laugh little and weep much.

1989, Malik ibn Anas, translated by Aisha Abdurrahman Bewley, Al-Muwatta of Imam Malik ibn Anas:

(Islam) An oath to emphasize sincerity or truthfulness, by God


by Allah

“Oh!” said the King, “by Allah! but vengeance is an inspiriting pleasure!”

1878, Mariana Monteiro, Allah-Akbar. God is Great, page 101:

(Islam) An exclamation of surprise or excitement, oh my God! good Lord!


Hajjee

On his way thither he met an ancient Hajjee, who, saluting Hussun, surveyed him carefully, and then desired him to sit down beside him upon a mat which, he spread upon the ground.

1828, Asiatic Journal and Monthly Miscellany, page 298:

The Hajjee performs the prescribed rites, following the order of the farewell pilgrimage in prayers and physical movement to the various sites as performed by the Prophet Mohammed in 632 AD.

1976, Michael Huxley, The Geographical Magazine:

During the period between 1992 and 1996, five to thirty one per thousand of all deaths among Hajjees were due to diabetic coma.
This is especially true during the climax period, when all Hajjees move at the same time between holy places over five days. During these five days, Hajjees usually walk many kilometres daily, do not sleep well, and do not get proper diet or nutrition.

(Islam) One who participates in the Hajj.


Zawra'

(Islam) the cities of Tehran (capital of Iran) and Ray (near Tehran).


Muzawwara

Borrowed from Arabic مُزَوَّرَة (muzawwara).

(Islam) The city of Baghdad, the capital city of Iraq.


Qurayshite

Koreishite (alternative)
Kuraishite (alternative)
Quraishite (alternative)

A member of the Qurayshite Umayyad family wanted to claim the poet al-Farazdaq's bride al-Nawār, though the poet thought he could prove that he had a clear claim because he had paid the bride price.

1971, Ignaz Goldziher, edited by S. M. Stern, Muslim Studies, Transaction Publishers, →ISBN, page 77:

If anyone comes to Muhammad from the Qurayshite camp without the permission of his superiors, he [Muhammad] will send him back; however, if any of those who are with Muhammad comes to the Qurayshite camp, they [the Qurayshites] will not send him back.

2011, Taha Jabir Alalwani, Apostasy in Islam: A Historical and Scriptural Analysis, International Institute of Islamic Thought (IIIT), →ISBN, pages 62–63:

He sought to understand the social contexts in which Qurayshite descent was a reasonable condition and those in which it was not.

2014, Syed Farid Alatas, Applying Ibn Khaldūn: The Recovery of a Lost Tradition in Sociology, Routledge, →ISBN, page 72:

(Islam) part of, or descended from, the Quraysh tribe.


Qurayshite

Qurayshites (plural)
Koreishite (alternative)
Kuraishite (alternative)
Quraishite (alternative)

The fortuitous circumstances that the first man to be elected to this high office was a Qurayshite became, for all except the heterodox, a principle — the caliph had to be a member of the Prophet's tribe, and the Prophet was a Qurayshite.

1995, Ann Katherine Swynford Lambton, Bernard Lewis, The Cambridge History of Islam: The Indian sub-continent, South-East Asia, Africa and the Muslim west, Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 57:

At this point, having twice delivered up Abū Basīr to the Qurayshites, Muḥammad felt that he had fulfilled his obligation under the treaty.

2002, Maxime Rodinson, Muhammad: Prophet of Islam, Tauris Parke Paperbacks, →ISBN, page 257:

The Banu-Khuzaa, who had entered into an alliance with Muhammad at Mecca, were for a long time at bloody enmity with the neighboring tribe of Banu-Bakr, who were in alliance with the Qurayshites.

2007, Vladimir Sergeyevich Solovyov, translated by Vladimir Wozniuk, Enemies from the East?: V. S. Soloviev on Paganism, Asian Civilizations, and Islam, Northwestern University Press, →ISBN, page 204:


dayouth

dayouths (plural)
dayooth (alternative)
dayyuth (alternative)
dayyooth (alternative)

Unadapted borrowing from Arabic دَيُّوث (dayyūṯ).

unadapted borrowing

(rare, chiefly Islam, non-native speakers' English) A man who is apathetic or permissive with regard to unchaste behaviour by his wife or female relatives.


Lut

Borrowed from Arabic لُوط (lūṭ), ultimately from Hebrew לוֹט (lot). Doublet of Lot.

And to Lut, too, We gave Judgment and Knowledge, and We saved him from the town which practised abominations: truly they were a people given to Evil, a rebellious people.

1934, Abdullah Yusuf Ali, transl., The Holy Qur'an, 21:74:

The Prophet Lut, the Prophet Ibrahim's nephew, lived in the city of Sodom located on the western shore of the Dead Sea.

2010, Mary Saad Assel, 25 Icons of Peace in the Qur'an: Lessons of Harmony, New York: iUniverse, page 56:


Hanbali

en-adj

Hanbali (comparative more Hanbali, superlative most Hanbali)

more Hanbali (comparative)
most Hanbali (superlative)
Hanbalite (alternative)

From the surname of Arab Muslim medieval jurist Ahmad ibn Hanbal + -i.

(Islam) Pertaining to the Hanbali school of jurisprudence.


Hanbali

Hanbalis (plural)
Hanbalite (alternative)

(Islam) Someone who adheres to the Hanbali school of jurisprudence.


Daggial

(Islam, obsolete) Al-Masih ad-Dajjal, an evil figure in Islamic eschatology.


Qasim

(Islam) Qasim, the eldest son of the prophet Muhammad.


Aduwallah

Borrowed from Arabic عَدُوّ الله (ʕaduww allāh).

bor+

(Islam) Enemy of the God; Satan; nickname of Iblis.


Ansar

From Arabic أَنْصَار (ʔanṣār, “helpers”).

(Islam, historical) A group of tribespeople, living in Madinah, who gave aid and protection to the prophet Mohammad and his followers, the Muhajirun.


tasbih

(Islam) A form of dhikr that involves the repetitive utterances of short sentences in glorification of Allah in Islam by saying "Subḥānallāh" (glorified is Allah).


Nar as-samum

(Islam) a demon in Ancient Arabic lore and later Islamic beliefs; meaning fire of scorching winds.


muwaqqit

(Islam) An Islamic timekeeper who uses astronomy to determine prayer times.


Al-Shaytaan

bor

Arabic الشَيْطَان (aš-šayṭān)


Mashallah

From Arabic مَا شَاءَ ٱللَّه (mā šāʔa l-lah).

مَا شَاءَ ٱللَّه

Arabic مَا شَاءَ ٱللَّه (mā šāʔa l-lah)

At this early stage of the narrative, this manner of describing Mashallah's state of mind foreshadows a more radical loss of self, i.e., a journey that transforms him from an ordinary and insignificant bank guard to a visitor to the court of Harun...

2015, Nasrin Rahimieh, Iranian Culture: Representation and Identity, Routledge, →ISBN, page 19:

Mashallah, the cook, housekeeper and moral guardian of the family, had a different relationship with each of us. For Achim he felt deep respect, with some distance; he was jealous of Marianne, fearing for his sovereignty in the domestic sphere;...

2006, Irene Gill, Oma, Mu and Me, APS Publishing:

مَا شَاءَ ٱللَّه
ما شاء الله#Arabic

(Islam) A male given name from Arabic مَا شَاءَ ٱللَّه (mā šāʔa l-lah, “God willed it”).


Bismillah

/ˌbɪsmɪˈlɑː/

From Arabic بِاسْمِ اللّٰه (bismi llāh, “in the name of God”)

بِاسْمِ اللّٰه

‘Bismillah!’ he exclaimed. ‘I call all here to witness that Rashîd, the son of Ali, called the Fair, is free henceforth to go what way he chooses.’

1918, Marmaduke Pickthall, Oriental Encounters: Palestine and Syria, London: W. Collins Sons & Co. Ltd., page 25:

Thus recitation of Bismillah creates a sort of firm conviction in the existence of Allah, and also develops the sense of gratitude, in the mind of the servant of Allah, for all that Allah has provided for him.

1984, Syed Anwer Ali, Qurʼan, the Fundamental Law of Human Life: Surat ul-Faateha to Surat-ul-Baqarah (sections 1-21):

On the night before his execution he calls God in Arabic - "Bismillah" - and so regains his soul from Satan.

2011 June 15, “Smashed Hits: What is a Bohemian Rhapsody?”, in BBC:

(Islam) In the name of Allah! Used in belief of blessing the speaker's imminent action, especially prior to eating and drinking; sometimes used as an apotropaic.

In Bismillah, Allah has chosen to mention only two of His attributes, Rahman and Rahim, out of all His numerous attributes and the verse does not mention any other Divine attribute;...

2004, Hazrat Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, Commentary on the Holy Quran: Surah Fatiha, Islam International, →ISBN, page 44:

(Islam) The basmala; the phrase Bismillahi ar-Rahmani ar-Rahim (“in the name of God, the Merciful, the Compassionate”).


Bismillah

/ˌbɪsmɪˈlɑː/

بِاسْمِ اللّٰه

It was only at the age of six years when Bismillah was sent to Varanasi to stay with his maternal uncle, Ali Baksh, who himself was a great musician and played shehnai in the premises of the Kashi Vishwanath Temple.

2020, Ustad Bismillah Khan, Ustad Bismillah Khan, Prabhat Prakashan, →ISBN:

بِاسْمِ اللَّه
باسم الله#Arabic

(Islam) A male given name from Arabic بِاسْمِ اللَّه (bismi llāh, “in the name of God”).


basmala

en-noun

basmala (countable and uncountable, plural basmalas)

basmalas (plural)
Basmala (alternative)
basmalah (alternative)
Basmalah (alternative)

The basmala, also known as the tasmiya, is an Arabic word for the phrase bi- smillah ir-rahman ir-rahim, “In the name of God most compassionate, most merciful.” This is the first verse of the Quran; it begins all of its chapters but one (Q9)...

2009, Juan Eduardo Campo, Encyclopedia of Islam, Infobase Publishing, →ISBN, page 94:

But only Kufa and Mecca counted the basmala in al-Fatiha as verse 1, whereas the readers of Basra, Damascus and Medina did not count the basmala as a separate verse but achieved the number of seven verses by subdividing other...

2006, Oliver Leaman, The Qur'an: An Encyclopedia, Taylor & Francis, →ISBN, page 116:

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم
بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم#Arabic

(Islam, countable) The prepositional phrase بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم (bismi llāhi r-raḥmāni r-raḥīm, “In the name of Allah, the merciful, the compassionate”).

(Islam, uncountable) The act of uttering Bismillah.


ibadah

ibada (alternative)
ibadat (alternative)

(Islam) Islamic worship and the associated submission and obedience.


tafwiz

From Persian [Term?], from Arabic تَفْوِيض (tafwīḍ)

(Islam) The delegation of the power of divorce by the husband to the wife or any other party.


barzakh

(Islam) A place separating the living from the hereafter; a phase between death and resurrection.


eidgah

eidgahs (plural)
eedgah (alternative)
idgah (alternative)

From Persian عیدگاه (“place of Eid prayers”). See also English dargah.

(Islam, South Asia) An open-air enclosure used for Eid prayers on certain special occasions.


wakaf

(Singapore, Malaysia, Islam) Alternative spelling of waqf


final reckoning

final reckoning (countable and uncountable, plural final reckonings)

From final + reckoning (“act or occasion of accounting to God after death for one’s conduct in life”).

compound

judgement day

(Christianity, Islam, Judaism) Synonym of judgement day (“the final trial of all humankind, both the living and the dead, by God expected to take place at the end of the world, when each is rewarded or punished according to their merits”)


hashiya

bor

Arabic حَاشِيَة (ḥāšiya)


Hurufism

(Islam, historical) A Sufi doctrine based on the mysticism of letters.


kiswah

(Islam) The cloth that covers the Kaaba in Mecca, Saudi Arabia.


hisbah

(Islam) An Islamic doctrine that requires upholding community morals and law and order.


tazir

(Islam) Punishment for offenses at the discretion of the judge or ruler of the state; one of three major types of punishments or sanctions under sharia law.


Mu'tazili

en-adj

Mu'tazili (comparative more Mu'tazili, superlative most Mu'tazili)

more Mu'tazili (comparative)
most Mu'tazili (superlative)

borrowed

مُعْتَزِلِيّ

They rejected the Mu'tazili notion of the createdness of the Quran, affirmed the contrary – its uncreatedness – and made this a fundamental tenet of faith, as a way of asserting the superiority of the Quran to all human reasoning and knowledge.

2002, Ira M. Lapidus, A History of Islamic Societies, Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 89:

(Islam, historical) Of or relating to the Mu'tazila.


Mu'tazili

مُعْتَزِلِيّ

(Islam, historical) A follower of Mu'tazili Islam.


skybook

skybooks (plural)
sky book (alternative)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-skybook.wav

From sky + book. Also Calque of Urdu آسمانی کتاب (asmānī kitāb, “heavenly book”), a popular term used in Pakistan for the Quran.
Referring to the belief that the Quran was first revealed by an angel to Muhammad, a prophet in Islam, so it is considered as a book from Heaven.

calque

(India, Internet slang, derogatory, offensive, Islam, religious slur) the Qur'an.


Khariji

From Arabic خارجي (“abandoner, quitter”).

His keynote speech was delivered on his arrival, incognito, in al-Kufah, which at the time was a focus of Khariji dissidence.

2019, Tim Mackintosh-Smith, Arabs, Yale University Press, page 247:

(Islam, historical) A member of an early Islamic sect who initially supported Ali but then seceded from his army; a Kharijite.


namazi

From Urdu نماز (namāz), Urdu نمازی (namāzī), and their source, Persian نماز (namâz).

(India, Pakistan, Islam) A devout Muslim.

(India, Pakistan, Islam, Internet slang, derogatory) A Muslim, especially a bigot or a religious extremist.


Barelvi

From Urdu بریلوی (barelvī); which means "of Bareilly" from Bareilly, a city in Uttar Pradesh, India; the location in which the movement began.


harbi

From Arabic حَرْبِيّ (ḥarbiyy, literally “military”), a reference to the House of War.

bor

(Islam) A person who is not a Muslim and does not live under the condition of the dhimma.


imambarra

imambarras (plural)
imaumbarra (alternative)

(India, historical, Islam) A building maintained by Shi'a communities in India for the express purpose of celebrating Muharram.


Shaitan

Borrowed from Arabic شَيْطَان (šayṭān, “satan, devil”)

bor+

Beside him two Egyptian artillerymen with their throats cut were sobbing out their lives upon the ground. "Who lays the gun this time?" asked the fierce chief, glaring at the frightened gunners. "Here, thou black-browed child of Shaitan, aim, and aim for thy life."

1893, Arthur Conan Doyle, The Green Flag:

He thanks Allah for his mercy to men in sending Mohammed the Prophet, who gave the world the True Belief, and he curses Shaitan, who wages war against Allah and his children.


Ghazwa-e-Hind

Partly re-Arabized form of Urdu غزوہ ہند (ġazvā-e hind), from Classical Persian غزوهٔ هند (ġazwa-yi hind), from Arabic غزوة الهند (“battle of Hind [India]”).

der

Gajwa-e-Hind (alternative)
Gazwa-e-Hind (alternative)
Ghazwat ul Hind (alternative)

(Islam) A prophecy in some hadiths where an Islamic army invades and conquers the Indian subcontinent, as part of the events leading to the eventual apocalypse.


Dar al-Islam

Borrowed from Arabic دار الإسلام (“land of submission [to God]”).

bor

Dar ul-Islam (alternative)
Darul Islam (alternative)

(Islam) Lands that practice Islamic law; the Muslim world.

Dar al-Sulh

land of treaty; non-Muslim countries under a treaty with Islamic countries

Dar al-Harb

land of war; countries hostile against Islam, or any non-Muslim countries by extension

harbi

military; usually a non-Muslim who is not under Muslim rule


Hurufi

(Islam, historical) A follower of Hurufism.


kharaj

(Islam) A kind of individual Islamic tax on agricultural land and its produce.

(Islam, historical) A lump sum duty levied by Muslims upon the lands of conquered provinces.

(Islam, historical) A land tax levied by Muslim rulers on non-Muslim subjects or dhimmis.


Buraq

Borrowed from Arabic البُرَاق (al-burāq).

bor+

(Islam) The horse-like creature that Muhammad is said to have ridden during the Night Journey.


JAWI

w:ms:Jabatan Agama Islam Wilayah Persekutuan

(Malaysia, Islam) Acronym of Jabatan Agama Islam Wilayah Persekutuan (“Islamic Religious Department of the Federal Territory, a branch of the government organisation JAKIM”).

JAIS

Islamic law enforcement agency in Selangor


JAKIM

(Malaysia, Islam) Acronym of Jabatan Kemajuan Islam Malaysia (“Department of Islamic Development Malaysia”).


Ṭūbā

Transliteration of Arabic طُوبَى (ṭūbā).


Nizam-e-Mustafa

From Urdu نظام مصطفى, made of Arabic نظام (“law, order”) and Arabic مصطفى (“the Chosen One [by God], a title for the Prophet Muhammad”). Literally means "the order of the Chosen One".

bor

Urdu نظام مصطفى

der

the Chosen One 􂀿by God􂁀, a title for the Prophet Muhammad

(Islam, Pakistan, India) the ideal society, ethics, and social norms of the Prophet Muhammad.

Dar al-Islam

the Muslim world in general, rather than one specific society or state


Dhu'l-Qarnayn

From Arabic ذُو الْقَرْنَيْن (ḏū l-qarnayn, literally “the one with the two horns”).

bor

ذُو الْقَرْنَيْن

Dhulqarnayn (alternative)
Dhul-Qarnayn (alternative)
Dhu al-Qarnayn (alternative)
Zulqarnayn (alternative)

(Islam) The powerful ruler (traditionally believed to be a reference to Alexander the Great) who built the wall that keeps Gog and Magog from attacking mankind.


'aqida

en-noun

'aqida (countable and uncountable, plural 'aqa'id)


wazukhana

wazukhanas (plural)
vajukhana (alternative)
vazukhana (alternative)

From Hindi वज़ूख़ाना (vazūxānā) / Urdu وضو خانا (vazūxānā, “washing court”), from वज़ू (vazū) / وضو (vazū, “washing, wudu”) + ख़ाना (xānā) / خانا (xānā, “court”).

bor

Hindi वज़ूख़ाना (vazūxānā)

(India, Pakistan, Islam) a pool in a mosque where worshippers wash themselves as wudu before praying.


istighfar

اِسْتِغْفَار

Arabic اِسْتِغْفَار (istiḡfār)

(Islam) Act of asking God for forgiveness

istigfar

(Islam) act of asking God for forgiveness


takyeh

Borrowed from Iranian Persian تکیه (takye). Doublet of takya, takiyya, and tekke.

bor+

Here I was informed that the Kedkhudá (chief man of the village), apprised by the muleteer of my arrival, had assigned quarters to me in the takyé consecrated to the Muḥarram passion-plays.

1893, Edward G. Browne, A Year amongst the Persians, page 250:

Another communication centre for the Muslims and members of the community is the takyeh, of which there are hundreds in Tehran and other provinces.

1995, National Development and Security, page 116:

This Maidan and the Takyeh, once considered as the entrance portal of the old Bazar of Yazd, belong to the late part of the 9th century A.H. (15th cent. A.D.), and have been founded in 830 (1426 A.D.), when Masjid-i Mir Chakhmaq was also under construction.

1974, Nosratollah Meshkati, A List of the Historical Sites and Ancient Monuments of Iran, page 72:

(Shia Islam, Iran) Synonym of husayniyya; alternative form of takya


takya

takyas (plural)
takyé/takyeh (alternative)
tekye/tekyeh (alternative)
tekke (alternative)
takiyya (alternative)
takyah (alternative)
takia (alternative)
takiya (alternative)
takiyah (alternative)
takieh (alternative)
takié (alternative)
takiye (alternative)
takiyeh (alternative)
tekieh (alternative)
tekiye (alternative)
tekiyeh (alternative)

The presence of the Hindiler Tekkesi or the Indian takya in Istanbul since the time of Tipu's mission is another indication but it was not until the 1840s that the position of the Indian Muslims with regard to the Ottoman caliphate was fully crystallized.

1999, M. Naeem Qureshi, Pan-Islam in British Indian Politics, page 16:

The younger shaykh, Baba Musafir, turned to the task of establishing a takya or khanqah at Awrangabad

A gathering place for Sufis, especially in the Ottoman Empire and South Asia.

takyas (graveyards)

1994, A. D. Khan, Diplomatics of the Soyurghal Farman of the Great Mughals, page 6:

Takya, a pillow, a resting-place of Faqīrs

2017, Ja'far Sharif, William Crooke, Islam in India:

The cemetery or graveyard of Sufis, especially in South Asia.

The takya was often endowed with several stores, the profits from which would help to defray the cost of maintaining the takya.

2004, Robert Gleave, Religion and Society in Qajar Iran, page 388:

(Shia Islam, Iran) Synonym of husayniyya


Sunni Islam

(Islam) The largest branch of Islam, followed by around 1.7 billion people, whose adherents believe that Muhammad died without appointing a successor, leading to the election of Abu Bakr as the legitimate leader of the Muslim community.


sar tan se juda

From Urdu سر تن سے جدا (sar tan seh judā, “separate the head from the body; beheading”), سر (“head”) + تن (“body”) + سے (se, “from”) + جدا (“separate”). Shortening of Urdu گستاخ رسول کی ایک ہی سزا سر تن سے جدا (Gustākh-e-Rasūl kī ek hī sazā, sar tan sē judā, “there is only one punishment for insulting the Prophet, cut the head from the body”).

bor

سر تن سے جدا

bor

گستاخ رسول کی ایک ہی سزا سر تن سے جدا

2022, Firstpost.comhttps://www.firstpost.com/india/know-origin-of-sar-tan-se-juda-indias-anti-hindu-war-cry-after-nupur-sharmas-controversial-remark-on-prophet-muhammad-11024041.html
‘Sar tan se juda’ is not a new outcry in India. It was first used widely about 5 years ago, when Kamlesh Tiwari of Lucknow gave a statement about Pangbar Mohammad.

This came after protests led by Syed Abdahu Kashaf, an influencer and self-proclaimed social and civil rights activist, who has now defended using the "sar tan se juda" slogan.

(India, Pakistan, Islam) A slogan calling for the killing of blasphemers against Islam.


lebai

Borrowed from Malay lebai (“someone who knows a lot about religion, a religious expert”).
The extended sense of "a supporter or member of PAS" was used by opponents to mock the conservative Islamic party's obsession with religious issues, carried over from Malay-language usage.

(Malaysia, derogatory, slang, Islam, religion) A very devout person who behaves in a hypocritical manner.


Munkar

(Islam) One of two angels (the other being Nakir) said to test the faith of the dead in their graves.


Jaunpuri

en-adj

Jaunpuri (comparative more Jaunpuri, superlative most Jaunpuri)

more Jaunpuri (comparative)
most Jaunpuri (superlative)

(Islam) Belonging to a certain revivalist movement within Sunni Islam.


Jaunpuri

(Islam) A follower of the Jaunpuri tradition.


Azoara

Now let us see the Doctrine contained in this booke […] naming the Chapter or Azoara, where the Reader may finde each sentence.

1626, Samuel Purchas, Purchas His Pilgrimage; Or, Relations of the World and the Religions […] , page 251:

Lastly, as we have the joint assent of Jews and Gentiles, so of Mahomet himself, in the Azoara's of his Law, which give suffrage to the Evangelical Writings.

1693, John Edwards, A Discourse concerning the Authority, Stile and Perfection of the Old and New Testament […] , pages 408–409:

Mahomet frequently upbraids the Christians with these controversies; particularly in Azoara xxvi. xxxii.

1814, Hugo Grotius, translated by Spencer Madan, An English Translation of the Six Books of Hugo Grotius, on the Truth of Christianity […] , page 404:

(obsolete, Islam) sura (chapter of the Qurʾān)


by the Grace of Allah

By the Grace of Allah, we, Sultan Haji Hassanal Bolkiah Mu'izzaddin Waddaulah ibni Al-Marhum Sultan Haji Omar 'Ali Saifuddien Sa'adul Khairi Waddien, [suffixes of various orders and medals], the Sultan and Yang Di-Pertuan of the Sovereign State and Territory of Brunei Darussalam and all its Dependencies. To all to whom these presents shall come.

2016, Sultan of Brunei, “Proclamation and Notice under Article 52(2) (S 8/2016)”, in Brunei Durassalam Government Gazette:

By His Majesty His The Yang di-Pertuan Agong, by the Grace of Allah, Supreme Head of the States and Territories of Malaysia […]

2022, Yang di-Pertuan Agong, Malaysia, “Proclamation—Summon Parliament (P.U. (A) 371/2022)”, in Federal Government Gazette, archived from the original on 2022-12-01:


Quran Belt

Derived from Quran and Bible Belt (“a region where conservative Christian beliefs are predominant”).

lebai

slang term for strict Muslims, especially supporters of the conservative PAS party that predominates Kelantan

PAS

Islamist conservative political party that is dominant in the two Malaysian states

(Islam) A region where conservative Muslim beliefs are a predominant part of the local culture.


pirism

(Sufism, Bangladesh) The following of a Sufi spiritual leader (or pir)


Samiri

(Islam) According to the Qur'an, a rebellious follower of Moses who created the golden calf and attempted to lead the Hebrews into idolatry.


qutb

Between the two breaths is a star. This star is […] the prophets, the qutbs, the saints of God, the lights of God, […]

2008, M. R. Bawa Muhaiyaddeen, Suratur-rahmah: The Form of Compassion, page 45:

(Sufism) One of the Sufi spiritual leaders of a particular era.


Ash'arism

(Islam) A Sunni school of Islamic theology, founded by Abu Hasan al-Ash'ari in the 9th–10th century.


qingzhen

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation for 清真 (qīngzhēn).

The third key was the number of demands from different patrons or groups for their own specialized cuisines. Such patrons included the court, rich households, and scholar-gourmands. Buddhists and Muslims also elaborated their own cuisines (sucai 素菜 and qingzhen 清真).

2000, Endymion Wilkinson, “Agriculture, Food, and the Environment”, in Chinese History: A New Manual, Rev. & enl. edition, Harvard University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 636:

A qingzhen label on food for sale or a qingzhen sign in a restaurant instantly conveyed to customers that they were getting a Hui product, not a Han one. Because qingzhen was so basic to Hui entrepreneurship, the city and provincial governments promoted its use as a marker of Hui “nationality tradition.”

2000, Maris Boyd Gillette, “Traditional Food and Race”, in Between Mecca and Beijing: Modernization and Consumption Among Urban Chinese Muslims, Stanford, Cali.: Stanford University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 114:

Like many conservative northwest Hui, most Na villagers have become more conscientious about Islamic purity (qing) through attention to dietary restrictions. In order to preserve one’s qing zhen lifestyle, conservative Hui who do visit Han homes accept, at the most, sunflower seeds or fruit when offered by their host. When Han come to their homes, Hui offer them tea from a separate set of cups that the family itself does not use, lest the family qing zhen utensils become contaminated. Hui are also free to offer Han prepared dishes of lamb and beef, but the Han cannot reciprocate.

[2002, Dru C. Gladney, “Ethnoreligious Resurgence in a Northwestern Sufi Community”, in Susan D. Blum, Lionel M. Jensen, editors, China Off Center: Mapping the Margins of the Middle Kingdom, Honolulu: University of Hawaiʻi Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 109:

Since the taboos are strictly enforced, in towns and cities, the Hui people have their own qingzhen restaurants, so they would not have to dine with other non-Muslim people. Therefore, Hui qingzhen food stands unique among the numerous minority nationality food styles, and has produced many qingzhen dishes such as Triple Quick-fry, Steamed Lamb, Lamb Simmered in Yellow Sauce, and Lamb Tendons, which are all famous fares. Names such as Donglaishun, Hongbinlou and Kaorouji are all very famous qingzhen restaurants in China and even on the international scene. It is safe to say that the development of Hui qingzhen food has made great contributions to Chinese diet and culinary arts as a whole.

2004 October, 刘军茹 [Liu Junru], “Dining with the Minorities”, in William W. Wang, transl., Chinese Foods (Cultural China Series), China Intercontinental Press (五洲传播出版社), →ISBN, →OCLC, page 74:

(Islam) Synonym of halal: the Mandarin Chinese-derived name; permissible according to Muslim religious customs, especially of food preparation


fidyah

bor

Arabic الفدية

Coordinate term: kaffara

(Islam) A religious donation of money or food made to help those in need, as a forfeit by somebody who has missed a fast out of necessity.


kaffara

Coordinate term: fidyah

(Islam) A religious donation of money or food made to help those in need, as a forfeit by somebody who has missed a fast unnecessarily.


Shaykhism

(Islam) A Shi'a Islamic school founded by Shaykh Ahmad in early 19th-century Qajar Iran, diverging from the Usuli school in its interpretation of key ideas such as the nature of the end times and the day of resurrection, the source of jurisprudential authority, and the proper hermeneutic to be employed in interpreting prophecy through the mystical writings of the Twelver Imams.


ihsan

(Islam) The practice of showing one's faith in deed and action, as though watched by Allah.


Hadrat

Hadrats (plural)
Hadhrat (alternative)
Hadrah (alternative)
Hazrat (alternative)

Borrowed from Arabic حَضْرَة (ḥaḍra, “presence”).

bor+

(Islam) A title used by Muslims to honor a person.


Sunni Islamic

(Islam) Of or pertaining to Sunni Islam.


ghayrah

ghayra (alternative)
gheera (alternative)
gheerah (alternative)
ghira (alternative)

(Islam) Protective jealousy; a person's dislike or displeasure over someone else sharing a right or privilege that belongs to them.


mutakallim

en-noun

mutakallim (plural mutakallims or mutakallimun)

mutakallims (plural)
mutakallimun (plural)


Ash'arite

(Islam) A disciple of the Sunni Islamic school of Ash'arism.


jazakallah

Borrowed from Arabic جَزَاكَ ٱللّٰهُ (jazāka llāhu).

bor+

جَزَاكَ ٱللّٰهُ

JZK (alternative)
jazakallah khair (alternative)
JZKK (alternative)


JAIS

Jabatan Agama Islam Selangor
Jabatan Agama Islam Selangor#Malay

(Malaysia, Islam) Initialism of Jabatan Agama Islam Selangor (“Islamic Religious Department of Selangor, a branch of the government organisation JAKIM”).

JAWI

Islamic law enforcement agency in Kuala Lumpur


Siqatul Islam

Derived from Classical Persian ثِقَتُ الْاِسْلَام or ثِقَةُ الْاِسْلَام (siqatu l-islām), from Arabic ثِقَة (ṯiqa) + الإِسْلَام (al-ʔislām).

der

ثِقَتُ الْاِسْلَام

Classical Persian ثِقَتُ الْاِسْلَام

der+

ثِقَتُ الْاِسْلَام

(Shia Islam) a title below ayatollah, one who has explicitly been trusted to narrate fatwas.


aqiqah

'aqiqah (alternative)
aqeeqah (alternative)
aqeeqa (alternative)

(Islam) The sacrifice of an animal after childbirth.


Jabriyya

Djabriyya (alternative)
Jabriyyah (alternative)
Jabriyah (alternative)

(Islam, historical) An early Islamic philosophical school based on the belief that humans are controlled by predestination, without having choice or free will.


Jabarite

(Islam, historical) A follower of Jabriyya.


tahrif

(Islam) the belief that alterations were made to the previous revelations of God


religious police

en-noun

religious police (plural religious police)

(Islam) A police force responsible for the enforcement of religious norms and associated religious laws.


Sharia patrol

(Islam) An unsanctioned and unauthorized group of people who enforce Islamic law, by patrolling the streets and requiring Islamic behavior from its residents.


qibla compass

(Islam) A compass used to determine the direction of qibla.


sahari

Borrowed from Hindustani سَحَری (saharī) / सहरी (sahrī), ultimately from Arabic سَحَر (saḥar, “dawn”), literally "of the dawn".


muhaddith

Borrowed from Arabic مُحَدِّث (muḥaddiṯ, “relator, teller”).

bor

(Islam) a scholar specialized in the study, collection, and interpretation of hadiths.


As-Sirat

(Islam) A narrow, dangerous bridge that a person must cross to enter Jannat; sinners fall from the bridge into everlasting punishment.


make wudu

en-verb

make wudu (third-person singular simple present makes wudu, present participle making wudu, simple past and past participle made wudu)

makes wudu (present singular third-person)
making wudu (participle present)
made wudu (participle past)
made wudu (past)

(Islam) to perform wudu; to wash in line with Islamic ritual purity; to ablute.


Friday prayers

(Islam) A weekly congregational worship observed by Muslims.