crossandra

(botany) Any of the genus Crossandra of flowering plants in the family Acanthaceae.


zygozoospore

(botany) A spore formed by the union of several zoospores.


sobole

(botany, archaic) Alternative form of soboles


vibrogen

(botany) Active cellular tissue arranged in layers in the cortex of certain tendrils, causing circumnutation.


pseudoaerial

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-pseudoaerial.wav

(botany) aerial but with some connection to the ground


isobilateral

(botany) Having the flanks of the organ flattened surfaces.


isandrous

(botany) Having the stamens similar and equal in number to the divisions of the corolla.


ecblastesis

From Ancient Greek ἐκβλάστησις (ekblástēsis, “budding”).

der

(botany) The production of buds within flowers.


latifolious

en-adj

latifolious (comparative more latifolious, superlative most latifolious)

more latifolious (comparative)
most latifolious (superlative)


phenogam

From Ancient Greek φαίνω (phaínō, “I shine”) + γαμέω (gaméō, “to marry”).

(botany, now rare) Phanerogam; spermatophyte.


nodiferous

nodiferous (comparative more nodiferous, superlative most nodiferous)

more nodiferous (comparative)
most nodiferous (superlative)


corculum

(botany, obsolete) The central part of a seed, from which the new plant develops.


dielytra

In spring, what a place it was for wild flowers!―as Lucy Raymond and her brothers well knew, having often brought home thence great bunches of dielytras and convallarias and orchises; and at any time some bright blossoms were generally to be found gleaming through the shade.

1871, Agnes Maule Machar, Lucy Raymond Or, The Children's Watchword, page 25:

(botany) Any member of the plant genus Dielytra.


subfloral

DeCandolle (1830) divided the family into two groups based on the presence or absence of a subfloral bract or calyculus.

1961, Lake S. Gill, Frank G. Hawksworth, The Mistletoes: A Literature Review, page 3:

Gynoecial plants somewhat more robust, bracts to 1050- 1350 mu wide (leaves near gynoecia with disk often 4-5 cells high and 12 cells wide at base); bracts and subfloral leaves grading into each other, maximally variable with vigor;

1966, Candollea - Volume 21, Issue 1, page 88:

The stems in this family often bear subfloral innovations below the gametangia.

2014, Flora of North America Editorial Committee, Flora of North America North of Mexico: Bryophyta - Part 2, →ISBN, page 191:


sub-floral

In some flowers, such as Convolvulus, Anemone, &c., the exact nature of the sub-floral leaves is uncertain, 110. it is open to doubt whether the organs in question are bracts or leaves pertaining to the inflorescence, or whether they are really parts of the flower.

1869, Maxwell Tylden Masters, Vegetable Teratology:

In Malope Irifida, for example, the three parts of the epicalyx represent a sub-floral bract with its two stipules ; in Kitaibelia viti/olia, the six-parted epicalyx consists (according to Payer) of two such sub-floral leaves with their four stipules.

1882, Julius Sachs, Sydney Howard Vines, Text-book of Botany, Morphological and Physical, page 540:

Pax (1385) had considered Ascolepis as possessing a pair of sub-floral bractlets fused dorsally.

1940, Henry Weston Blaser, The Morphology of the Flowers and the Inflorescences of the Cyperaceae:

A combination of the 'agroinfection' maize streak construct and their sub-floral injection technique might enable one to take the transformation to seed.

1988, CIBA Foundation Symposium, Plant Resistance to Viruses, →ISBN, page 193:


monocotic

This phenomenon was also found in other monocotic plants, such as wheat and barley […]

2011, Parvaiz Ahmad, M.N.V. Prasad, Environmental Adaptations and Stress Tolerance of Plants in the Era of Climate Change, page 284:

(botany, rare) Of or pertaining to plants belonging to the taxonomic monocots (monocotyledons).


regmacarp

/ˈɹɛɡməkɑːp/

/ˈɹɛɡməkɑɹp/

From Ancient Greek ῥῆγμα (rhêgma, “something broken or rent asunder; a breach, cleft, fracture”) (possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰreg- (“to break”)) + English -carp (suffix meaning ‘part of a fruit or fruiting body’) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kerp- (“to harvest; to pluck”)), modelled after schizocarp. The word was probably coined by the Scottish physician and botanist William Ramsay McNab (1844–1889): see the 1871 article from the journal Nature quoted below.

coinage

Taking the word Schizocarp as a type, I venture to suggest the term Achænocarp for the group of Achænes as used by Dr. [Alexander] Dickson, thus avoiding all confusion, and allowing the term Achæne to remain in its restricted sense. Regmacarp I would apply to the group of capsules, using the term capsule for one division of the group. […] The derivation of these terms at once explains their application. […] Regmacarp from regma, a rupture, in allusion to the dehiscence. […] In using these terms I would employ them in the following manner:— […] II. Dry Dehiscent Fruits. 3. Regmacarps. A. Follicle. Simple, dehisces by one suture. […]

1871 October 12, W[illiam] R[amsay] McNab, “Remarks on the Classification of Fruits”, in Nature: A Weekly Illustrated Journal of Science, volume IV, London, New York, N.Y.: Macmillan and Co., →OCLC, page 475, column 2:

The truth is, that it is impossible to find a classification of fruits which is founded on strictly scientific principles—the forms merging into each other; […] Accordingly, in the following classification, in which we have mainly followed Dr [Maxwell Tylden] Masters, all the less easily defined forms are omitted, and the list reduced as much as possible, without at all destroying its usefulness. […] monothalmic fruits. A. Ripe pericarp uniform. […] Fruits dehiscent.—II. Pods, or Regmacarps—viz., Follicle, Legume, Siliqua, Capsule, Pyxis.

1874, Robert Brown, “The Fruit”, in A Manual of Botany: Anatomical and Physiological: For the Use of Students, Edinburgh, London: William Blackwood and Sons, →OCLC, pages 482–483:

Dr. Master's [i.e., Maxwell T. Masters'] modification of [Alexander] Dickson's and [William Ramsay] McNab's classification of simple fruits, as to primary kinds, is into 1. Nuts, or Achænocarps, dry and indehiscent; 2. Pods, or Regmacarps, dry, dehiscent; 3. Stone-fruits, or Pyrenocarps, fleshy without, indurated within, indehiscent; 4. Berries, or Sarcocarps, fleshy throughout, indehiscent.

1879, Asa Gray, “The Fruit”, in The Botanical Text-book. Part I. Structural Botany or Organography on the Basis of Morphology. […], 6th edition, London: Macmillan and Company, →OCLC, section II (The Kinds of Fruit), paragraph 555, footnote 1, page 292:

(botany, obsolete, rare) A fruit which, when mature, splits open to release its seeds; a dehiscent fruit.


mimulus

From the genus name, translingual Mimulus.

(botany) Any of the genus Mimulus of flowering plants.


tryma

From Ancient Greek τρῆμα (trêma, “hole”).

(botany) A drupe with fleshy exocarp, dehiscent.


non-shedding

The farmer wants non-shedding heads of a cereal which can be gathered without shedding their grain.

(botany) indehiscent, not shedding seeds or fruit.


thigmomorphogenesis

Some of these, such as thigmomorphogenesis, are quite well defined, but the basis of perception and response is poorly understood although some advances are being made at the molecular level.

1991, J. A. Callow, editor, Advances in Botanical Research, Volume 18, Academic Press, page vii:

This effect, called thigmomorphogenesis (see chap. 3), involves the motion-induced inhibition of growth. Thigmomorphogenesis can be expressed in plant organs either exhibiting or lacking secondary growth, as well as in organs that have indeterminate or determinate growth.

1992, Karl J. Niklas, Plant Biomechanics: An Engineering Approach to Plant Form and Function, University of Chicago Press, page 322:

Thigmomorphogenesis was first demonstrated by submitting plants to (artificial) mechanical bending.

2011, B. Moulia et al., “Integrative Mechanobiology of Growth and Architectural Development in Changing Mechanical Environments”, in Przemyslaw Wojtaszek, editor, Mechanical Integration of Plant Cells and Plants, Springer, page 272:

(botany) The response of a plant to touch or other mechanical sensation.


wideleaf

(botany) Having wide leaves; used in the names of plants.


multiovulate

(botany) Containing, or bearing, many ovules.


apopetalous

(botany) Having distinct or free petals.


leptospermum

(botany) A tea tree of the genus Leptospermum.


pelorian

en-adj

pelorian (comparative more pelorian, superlative most pelorian)

more pelorian (comparative)
most pelorian (superlative)

I am indebted to a friend for the sight of a pelorian variety of a species of Tropæolum, and have also much pleasure in showing the Society an imperfectly developed pelorian variety of the pretty Pinguicula vulgaris, which I gathered on Roydon Fen, near Diss in Norfolk, in the summer of 1835.

1840, Mr. Adam White, “Note on Peloria”, in Annals of Natural History, volume 4:

In some gamopetalous corollas with a single spur, it happens occasionally, that what are called Pelorian varieties occur in which five spurs are produced.

1852, John Hutton Balfour, Class Book of Botany:

In this note the author adverted to bo much of the normal structure of Orchids in general, and of Cypripedium in particular, as is necessary for the elucidation of his subject, and proceeded to describe a case of regular peloria in Cypripedium caudatum, which shows a reversion to the typical form of Orchids, and goes to prove that the so-called genus Uropedium was only a pelorian form of Cypripedium.

1887, Report of the Meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, volume 56:

(botany) Exhibiting peloria (abnormal regularity).


anemogamy

(botany) The dispersal of pollen by the wind.


androdynamic

(botany) Having larger than normal stamens


anisotomous

From an- + isotomous or aniso- + -tomous.

The simplest leaf, as in Diellia, has a single unbranched trace, but the more fully developed early fronds are markedly anisotomous or pinnate in venation plan, with a definite central vein giving rise to two to four or more lateral veins, which arise at a very acute angle.

1952, Warren Herbert Wagner, The Fern Genus Diellia: Its Structure, Affinities and Taxonomy:

(botany) Having unequal or irregular divisions.


arenophilic

(botany) That grows in sand (or very sandy soil)


auriculiform

(botany) obovate with rounded basal lobes

Having the form of a small ear
obovate with rounded basal lobes


anatropy

(botany) The condition of being anatropous


crassinucellate

The Latin word "crassi" means thick and "nucellate" refers to the nucellus of the ovule.

(botany, of an ovule) Having many parietal cells and a large nucellus


exotegmen

(botany) The part of the seed coat that develops from the outer surface of the inner integument


postchalazal

(botany) Beyond the chalaza (in the outer integument)


palisade cell

(botany) Any of a layer of elongated cells, near the surface of leaves, that have chloroplasts that absorb a major portion of the light energy used by the leaf


cycadophytinous

(botany) Relating to, or characteristic of the cycadophytes


isotomic

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-isotomic.wav

From iso- (“same”) + -tome (“cutting, section”) + -ic (“adjectival suffix”), ultimately from Ancient Greek τέμνω (témnō, “I cut”).

affix

(botany) Having branches of equal diameter.


woodmarch

From Middle English wodemarch, wudemerch, from Old English wudemerċe, wudumerċe, from wude, wudu (“wood”) + merċe, mereċe (a type of aquatic plant), from Proto-Germanic *marikiz (“waterplant, celery, parsley”).

inh

Let the man who hath ill humours on his neck take halswort and woodmarch and wild chervil and strawberry plants and everthroat, and garclife, and ironhard gathered without use of any iron, and stitchwort, and knee holly and broad bishopwort and brownwort, […]

1866, Thomas Oswald Cockayne, Leechdoms, Wortcunning, and Starcraft of Early England:

(botany) An umbelliferous plant, a species of sanicle (Sanicula europaea).


wood-thistle

From Middle English wodethystyll, wodþistel, from Old English wuduþistel, equivalent to wood + thistle.

Within seconds the whole lot had taken on the appearance of a woodthistle's fluffy seedhead.

2005, Paul Stewart, Chris Riddell, The Curse of the Gloamglozer, page 62:

(botany) Synonym of tall thistle (Carduus altissimus, a.k.a. Cirsium altissimus)


molendinaceous

From Latin molendīna, from molendīnum (“mill, mill-house”) + -aceous.


systylous

(botany) Having the styles united into a single body.


exmedial

(botany, geology) away from the midline of the lamina


exmedially

(botany, geology) In an exmedial direction


spurge-laurel

(botany) A flowering plant of species Daphne laureola.


acrodrome

acro- + Ancient Greek δρόμος (drómos, “course”)

(botany, of the veins of a leaf) That run parallel to the edges of the leaf and meet at the tip


aphananthy

(botany) The condition of having inconspicuous flowers


antiaxial

(botany) In the opposite direction to the axis


aposepalous

(botany) Having multiple, distinct sepals


brochidodromous

(botany, of a leaf) Having veins that form a series of arches or loops


camptodromous

(botany, of a leaf) in which the secondary veins curve toward the margins, in some cases becoming nearly parallel with them, and not reconnecting with other veins to form loops


aphlebia

(botany) An imperfect or irregular leaf ending (commonly found on ferns)


bifusiform

(botany) Having the form of two fusiform structures, end to end.


brevideciduous

(botany) briefly deciduous (that loses its leaves for just a few weeks)


aphananthous

en-adj

aphananthous (comparative more aphananthous, superlative most aphananthous)

more aphananthous (comparative)
most aphananthous (superlative)

From Ancient Greek ἀφανής (aphanḗs) + -anthous.


craspedodromous

(botany, of a leaf) Having pinnate veins in which the secondary veins terminate at the margins, often as teeth


endophloeodal

(botany) That grows within the endophloeum


cristarque

(botany, of a sclereid) Having a cup-shaped deposit of druse


exospory

(botany) The production of spores that germinate to form free-living gametophytes


epiphloedal

(botany) That grows on the surface of bark


longicidal

(botany) Describing dehiscence via longitudinal slits


polystemonous

(botany) Having the number of stamens more than double that of the petals or sepals


distyly

(botany) The condition of being distylous


halonate

(botany, of a spore) Having a transparent outer layer


semaphyllous

en-adj

semaphyllous (comparative more semaphyllous, superlative most semaphyllous)

more semaphyllous (comparative)
most semaphyllous (superlative)


isobifacial

(botany, of a leaf) Having both sides of a similar structure


ramicaul

(botany) A stem that bears a single leaf (as in some orchids)


endospory

Endospory is the complete development of, in this case, the female gametophyte within the original spore wall.

2006, Michael G. Simpson, Plant Systematics, page 99:

(botany) The production of gametophytes within a spore.


semaphyll

(botany) A sepal or similar structure which has become modified to attract pollinators


phytomelanin

(botany) A hard, black material that forms a crust on the surface of some seeds


centrospermous

(botany) Relating to plants of the order Centrospermae.


cremnophyte

From Ancient Greek κρημνός (krēmnós, “cliff”) + -phyte.

af

(botany) Any plant that is adapted to growing on cliffs, especially in crevices.


dicliny

(botany) cross-pollination in which the flowers are either staminate (male) or pistillate (female)


dillenialean

(botany) Relating to plants of the tropical plant order Dilleniales


acropleurogenous

(botany, of a fungus) Having spores that develop at the ends of the hyphae


retrofracted

en-adj

retrofracted (comparative more retrofracted, superlative most retrofracted)

more retrofracted (comparative)
most retrofracted (superlative)


apiculum

(botany) A short, slender, flexible point


eremurus

(botany) Any of the plants of the genus Eremurus.


asplenium

A genericization of translingual Asplenium (“the spleenworts”), from Linnaeus's New Latin adjustment of Latin asplenon (“spleenwort”), from Ancient Greek ἄσπληνον (ásplēnon, “spleenwort”), from ἀ- (a-, “un-”) + σπλήν (splḗn, “spleen”) + -ον (-on, “-um”), from its use to cure anthrax in livestock.

der

(botany) Synonym of spleenwort: any plant of the genus Asplenium.


brachyblast

(botany) A short shoot often bearing clusters of leaves


gmelina

The air is cool in this shade of whistling gmelina trees.

2023, Stephen Buoro, The Five Sorrowful Mysteries of Andy Africa, Bloomsbury Circus, page 63:

(botany) Any member of the genus Gmelina.


cataphyllary

(botany) describes brownish scales on the surfaces of some plants, probably derived from foliage-leaves


spore case

Some specimens appear to have spore-cases at the top of their branches, similar to those seen in younger, better-known early land plants such as Cooksonia.

2018 March 23, Susannah Lydon, The Guardian:


top-shaped

en-adj

top-shaped (comparative more top-shaped, superlative most top-shaped)

more top-shaped (comparative)
most top-shaped (superlative)


exorhiza

(botany) Any plant whose radicle is not enclosed by the cotyledons or plumule


nothosubspecies

(botany) A hybrid which is formed by direct hybridization of two subspecies, not other hybrids.


ornithochorous

(biology, botany) Spread, or having seeds (in fleshy fruits) that are dispersed, by birds.


trigenous

LXXI.—Polygonaceæ.—Herbs or shrubs. Leaves alternate, entire, stipules usually sheathing. Flowers small and usually bisexual. Perianth-segments 3-6, persistent. Stamens usually 5-8, opposite the perianth-segments. Ovary 1-celled, free, compressed or trigenous, ovule 1. Fruit a nut, enclosed in the perianth.

1927, Arthur Edward Osmaston, A Forest Flora for Kumaon, Superintendent, Government Press, United Provinces, page xxxiii

Simultaneously with the seed of the self-pollinated F₂ plants, seed of the self-pollinated F₁ plants was again sown; the trigenous segregation was here hardly to be observed. The figures of both segregations are given in the following table.

1936, Freerk Wit, Contributions to the genetics of the china aster, M. Nijhoff, page 82:

Calyx much longer than the corolla, both rose-violet or rarely white; leaves 1.5-2.5 mm long, scalelike, trigenous, sagittate at base, sessile, imbricated in 4 series ... 1108. Calluna Salisb.

1967, Flora of the U.S.S.R., Washington, D.C.: National Science Foundation, page 20:

The inner surface of the seed coat is more smooth that the outer one. The wings are papery, light green and brittle when dried. The trigenous kernel is creamish coloured when young. The embryo is small and situated at one end of the cotyledons. The average weight of a single seed (ten seeds weighed separately) is 0.12g and the range of variation is 0.07 to 0.17g.

2006, Standardisation of Single Drugs of Unani Medicine (Part 4), Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, page 210

(botany, zoology) Involving groups of three; arranged in threes.


intrafruit

intrafruit competition among developing seeds


ourisia

(botany) Any plant of the genus Ourisia.


sesbania

(botany) Any of the plants of the genus Sesbania.


astelia

(botany) Any plant of the genus Astelia.


thermoperiod

(botany) The daily period during which a plant is subjected to warmth


stemona

(botany) Any plant in the genus Stemona (formerly known as Roxburghia)


vasculation

(anatomy, botany) The formation and development of veins.


zoid

Variant form of zooid which took on a specialised botanical meaning. By surface analysis, zoo- + -id.

(botany) A reproductive cell that possesses one or more flagella, and is capable of independent movement.


myrmecochore

(botany) Any myrmecochorous plant or its seed / fruit.


porogamy

The subject of Chalazogamy in Casuarina was discussed somewhat in detail, the speaker taking exception to Nawaschin's theory that Chalazogamy is a primitive type of fecundation from which porogamy has been developed.

No statistical records are presently available about the plants showing porogamy, chalazogamy or mesogamy, in angiosperms.

1973, Parameswaran Krishnan Kutty Nair, Rajendra Kumar Grover, Thomas Meprethu Varghese, Glimpses in Plant Research - Volume 1, page 128:

The pollen tube may enter the ovule either via the chalaza (chalazogamy) (Billings 1903) or via the micropyle (porogamy) (Woodroof 1928).

1996, Jules Janick, James N. Moore, Fruit Breeding, Nuts, →ISBN, page 208:

(botany) The property of having the pollen tube in a seed plant enter the ovule by way of the micropyle.


siphono-

From the combining form of Ancient Greek σίφων (síphōn, “siphon”).

(chiefly zoology, botany) Forming compound terms pertaining to siphons or tubes.


gynoecious

(botany) That produces mostly (or only) female flowers


malacophyllous

From the Latin malacus (soft or pliable) + Latinized Greek phyllo- (pertaining to leaves).


helioxerophyllous

(botany) That thrives in sunny, dry conditions


synema

(botany, obsolete) The column of combined filaments in a monadelphous flower.


hypopodium

(botany) The basal podium of a foliage leaf.


ruptile

(botany) dehiscent by an irregular splitting of the walls


helophytic

helophytic (comparative more helophytic, superlative most helophytic)

more helophytic (comparative)
most helophytic (superlative)


bracteopetal

(botany) A petal that is derived from a modified bract


andropetal

(botany) A petal that is derived from a modified stamen


amphigynous

(botany) Completely surrounding the oogonial stalk


hyperphyll

(botany) A distal part of a sprout or a leaf.


hypophyll

About 20 per cent produce hypophylls, or rudimentary leaves, and most of these soon die without producing any ordinary leaves.

1943, Walter Reuther, The Citrus industry, volume 1, page 856:

(botany) A proximal part of a sprout or a leaf.


cryptovivipary

(botany) The growth of an embryo to break through the seed coat but not the fruit wall before it splits open


sparganium

(botany) Any of the plants of the genus Sparganium.


amental

amental (comparative more amental, superlative most amental)

more amental (comparative)
most amental (superlative)


botanogenomics

(botany, genetics, rare) The study of botanical genomes


stato-

From Ancient Greek στατός (statós, “standing”).

uder

(zoology, botany) propagules or spores in aquatic organisms.


herbogenomics

(botany, genetics) The botanogenomics of medicinal herbs


rectipetality

(botany) The natural tendency of stems to grow in a straight line.


pyrola

(botany) Any of the genus Pyrola of wintergreens.


midbasal

(anatomy, botany) In the middle of a base


gnetal

It^([the publicised book]) provides a complete coverage of the evolutionary approach to the major plant groups and discusses such special subjects as details on water ferns, gnetals, cyiads,^([sic]) the principal fungous groups, and slime molds.

1959, AIBS Bulletin, Volumes 9-12, American Institute of Biological Sciences, page 38:

(botany) Any species of the order Gnetales of relict gymnosperms.


gnetal

As we already have had occasion to remark for the gnetal and casuarinal alliances, a ½ floral symmetry is evidently an ancient one for that phylum.

1918, John Muirhead Macfarlane, The Causes and Course of Organic Evolution, page 371:

(botany) Of or pertaining to the species of the order Gnetales.


porometer

(botany) A device that measures the areas of the pores of a leaf (by measuring the amount of gas passing through it)


microepiphytic

(biology, botany) Relating to microepiphytes


microgametogenesis

(botany) The gametogenesis of microgametes


rosular

en-adj

rosular (comparative more rosular, superlative most rosular)

more rosular (comparative)
most rosular (superlative)


rhizophore

(botany) The structure bearing the true roots in certain species of Selaginella.


staminophore

(botany) A structure, around the apex of eucalypt hypanthia, that supports the stamens


autocompatibility

(botany) compatibility of a flower with its own pollen - allowing self-pollination


samariform

samariform (comparative more samariform, superlative most samariform)

more samariform (comparative)
most samariform (superlative)

(botany) Resembling a samara, or winged seed vessel.


myxospermy

(botany) The presence of mucilage in the seeds


myxocarpy

(botany) The presence of mucilage in nuts or fruit


monoembryony

(botany) The production of a single embryo (and thus seedling) from a seed


phenophase

A trend toward earlier appearance dates in spring is shown at relatively many phenophases in the Ticino and in the Engadine.

2013, Conradin A. Burga, Biomonitoring: General and Applied Aspects on Regional and Global Scales:


sociation

en-noun

sociation (countable and uncountable, plural sociations)

While the lowest units of phytocoenoses, the sociations, are founded upon a relative homogeneity in all layers, most consociations are homogeneous only in one layer, and the higher units in no layer at all, being founded mainly upon the sociological affinity of the dominants of the layer arbitrarily chosen as the base for the classification (most of the highest of the layers represented).

1930, Fifth International Botanical Congress, page 73:

In the classification, sociations are first distinguished by the dominant or constant species, or by a combination of them.

1980, Selected Water Resources Abstracts:


phyllon

From Ancient Greek φύλλον (phúllon, “leaf”). Doublet of phyllo, distantly also with foil, folio, and folium.

In this following the analogy of phyton already appropriated for the integer of the axis plus the phyllon or phylla it bears.

1868, The American Journal of Science, page 272:

Phylloceras ptychoicum is one of the most interesting species of all those found in the Kutch Jura, [...] The lobes are most characteristic, and on them the external and first lateral saddle are the most important parts. The external saddle is beautifully symmetrical, finishing in four phylla, of which the two corresponding ones are equal; the first lateral saddle is also divided into four terminating phylla, which are, however, not quite symmetrical.

Corona double; phylla of the outer row almost free, 1.8 to 2 mm. long, lanceolate, [...]

1912, Contributions from the United States National Herbarium, page 99:

(especially botany, uncommon) A leaf, or something (flat) resembling a leaf.


budbreak

budbreak (countable and uncountable, plural budbreaks)

This group of pecan arthropods can cause damage to foliage from shortly after budbreak until about the time of pollination.

1983, Thomas E. Mittler, Annual Review of Entomology, page 305:

(botany) The emergence of a bud, especially on a vine


capsulogenesis

(botany, anatomy) The generation and development of a capsule


capsulogenic

(botany, anatomy) Relating to capsulogenesis


chiropterochorous

(biology, botany) Spread, or having seeds that are dispersed, by bats, i.e. by chiropterochory.


pycnospore

(botany) Synonym of stylospore, Synonym of pycniospore


serpentinophyte

(botany) Any plant that grows on serpentine rocks


-chorous

(biology, botany) Spread, or (especially) having seeds which are dispersed, by (some specified animal, etc)


hydrochorous

(biology, botany) Spread, or having seeds that are dispersed, by water.


chloroplastidial

(botany) Relating to, or composed of chloroplastids


spergula

(botany) Any of the plants of the genus Spergula.


dracocephalum

(botany) Any plant of the genus Dracocephalum, the dragonheads.


spathilla

(botany) A secondary or diminutive spathe.


rhizanth

From Ancient Greek ῥίζα (rhíza, “root”) + ἄνθος (ánthos, “flower”).

(obsolete, botany) A parasitic flowering plant, all of which were formerly assigned to the order Rhizantheae.


selenophile

From seleno- + -phile, literally “moon-lover”.

con

Accordingly, it seemed probable that by having X in Scheme 1 as SeR, then a selenophile such as copper(1) would promote the C-C bond formation as in Scheme 2 to yield the required systems.

1991 January 1, Craig J. Hawker, Athena Philippides, Alan R. Battersby, “Selenomethylpyrroles: Their Use for Synthesis of Dipyrrylmethanes (Dipyrrins), Tripyranes and Bilanes”, in Journal of the Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions 1, →DOI:

The poisonvetches are obligate selenophiles and the selenium content accounts for their chief toxic effects.

1998 March 23, Robert Alan Lewis, Lewis' Dictionary of Toxicology, CRC-Press, →ISBN, page 127:

(botany, chemistry) Something which tends to absorb selenium.


amphistomatous

(botany) Having stomata on each side of the leaves


medullary sheath

en-noun

medullary sheath (plural medullary sheaths)

(botany) A thin layer surrounding the pith.


rhizosheath

(botany) The coating that surrounds a rhizome


eucamptodromous

(botany) Describing leaf venation composed of a central primary vein with the secondary veins curving upwards towards the leaf margin.


pubigerous

en-adj

pubigerous (comparative more pubigerous, superlative most pubigerous)

more pubigerous (comparative)
most pubigerous (superlative)


medullary ray

(botany) any of the bands of cells in various trees extending across the wood from the pith to the bark


semiepiphyte

(botany) A plant that can be an epiphyte (live on the surface of the other plant), or live independently.


epiphytism

Wet weight of the main components of the epifauna per 500 g of G. verrucosa (A) and degree of epiphytism (B) found in the algal bed at Isla Santa María.

2012, Mark A. Ragan, Carolyn J. Bird, Proceedings of the Twelfth International Seaweed Symposium:

(botany) The quality or condition of being an epiphyte.


cosexual

(botany) Producing both pollen and ovules


bodenvag

Organisms that occur across heterogeneous habitats, such as serpentine bodenvags that tolerate serpentine but occur off of it as well, and rare organisms, such as the endemic flora of many serpentine regions that are fully restricted to serpentine substrates, are likely to show markedly different patterns of genomic variation.

2011, Susan Harrison, Serpentine: The Evolution and Ecology of a Model System, page 147:

(botany) Any plant that is indifferent to the pH of the soil.


vasculiferous

(botany) Having its seeds contained in a vessel.


mesarchy

There is no doubt, however, that if endarchy is primitive in the protostelic and immediately derived types, it very rapidly gives place to mesarchy and exarchy in response to various demands, and it is not difficult to show how this may have occurred.

1908, Sir Arthur George Tansley, Lectures on the Evolution of the Filicinean Vascular System, page 16:

Fossil evidence supports neither the view that exarchy is more primitive than mesarchy, nor the view that mesarchy is more primitive than exarchy.

1952, David William Bierhorst, On the Morphology, Anatomy, and Phylogeny of the Psilotaceae:

Exarchy, endarchy, and mesarchy are all found within comparatively small groups, and the actual course of evolution seems to affect the position of the protoxylems much more freely and rapidly than in the other great groups of vascular plants.

2013, Frans Verdoorn, A.H.G. Alston, Manual of Pteridology, →ISBN, page 79:

(botany) A vascular system in which development spreads both toward and away from the axis center.


exarchy

en-noun

exarchy (countable and uncountable, plural exarchies)

(botany) A vascular system in which development starts in the regions farthest from the axis and spreads inward.


endarchy

endarchy (countable and uncountable, plural endarchies)

(botany) A vascular system in which development starts nearest the axis center and spreads outward.


saurochory

(botany) seed dispersal by lizards or snakes


symphyogenesis

(botany) The forming of an organ or part by the union of parts formerly separate.


tectate

(botany, palynology) Having a tectum (a sculptured outer layer).


synochreate

(botany) Uniting together on the opposite side of the stem from the leaf, and enclosing the stem in a sheath of stipules.


rhizological

en-adj

rhizological (comparative more rhizological, superlative most rhizological)

more rhizological (comparative)
most rhizological (superlative)


rhizology

Derived from Ancient Greek ῥίζα (rhíza, “rhizo-, root”) + -λογία (-logía, “-logy, branch of study, to speak”).

suffix

Deficiency of monographs on rhizology, with comparative anatomical studies of roots, similar to those of other plant organs.

2011, Stefano Mancuso, Measuring Roots: An Updated Approach:


glumous

(botany) Bearing or relating to a glume.


sclerocarpic

(botany, of fruits) Having a hard pericarp


laimosphere

(botany) the microbiologically enriched zone of soil that surrounds below-ground portions of plant stems.


rhizosecrete

en-verb

rhizosecrete (third-person singular simple present rhizosecretes, present participle rhizosecreting, simple past and past participle rhizosecreted)

rhizosecretes (present singular third-person)
rhizosecreting (participle present)
rhizosecreted (participle past)
rhizosecreted (past)

Recent studies have shown that the European plant Centaurea maculosa (spotted knapweed), an invasive species in North America, rhizosecretes a phytotoxin (±)-catechin (Bais et al., 2002, 2003), although the quantities of (±)-catechin produced and its potency as a phytotoxin under some conditions remains uncertain (Blair et al., 2005).

2007, B Prithiviraj, “Chemical facilitation and induced pathogen resistance mediated by a root‐secreted phytotoxin”, in New Phytologist:


abaxialization

en-noun

abaxialization (countable and uncountable, plural abaxializations)


abaxialize

en-verb

abaxialize (third-person singular simple present abaxializes, present participle abaxializing, simple past and past participle abaxialized)

abaxializes (present singular third-person)
abaxializing (participle present)
abaxialized (participle past)
abaxialized (past)


ophiopogon

(botany) Any evergreen plant of the genus Ophiopogon


primexine

(botany) The first part of the exine to be formed


semicraspedodromous

(botany) craspedodromous but with one of the branches terminating at the margin, the other joining the superadjacent secondary vein


rhizogenesis

(botany) The production and development of roots or rhizomes


split pea

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-split pea.wav

Pisum sativum
Pisum sativum#Translingual

(botany, cooking) An agricultural or culinary preparation consisting of the dried, peeled, and split seeds of Pisum sativum, the pea.

poolikud herned

dried, peeled, and split seeds of the pea


collocyte

From Ancient Greek κόλλα (kólla, “glue”) + -cyte.

(botany, zoology) Any of various cells that produce gluey substances, that bind or capture prey or objects by securing them with gluey materials and structures, or that simply have a smooth and gelatinous appearance.


peridiolum

(botany) An inner peridium inside of which the hymenium is formed.


stenospermocarpic

(botany) Relating to, or exhibiting stenospermocarpy


plagiogravitropism

(botany) The response of branches, etc. to gravity when growth is not vertical.


plant community

en-noun

plant community (plural plant communities)

(botany, ecology) a group of plants of different species which coexist in a habitat under certain conditions, and that may be mutually dependent on each other.


staminality

(botany) The condition of being staminal


subscapose

(botany) Having fewer petals or leaves than a scapose plant, or also lacking bracts


urticalean

(botany) Relating to plants of the former order Urticales


pentander

(botany, obsolete) Any plant of the former class Pentandria, having five stamens.


anacrophore

(botany) A plant that lacks an acrophore


umbellaster

From umbel + -aster or from New Latin umbella + -aster.

(botany) A group of flowers arising from one point.


retipilate

(botany, of a pollen grain) Having a reticulate pattern of pila


sporopollinic

(botany) Relating to spores and pollen grains


rattlesnake root

rattlesnake root (countable and uncountable, plural rattlesnake roots)

(botany) A plant of the genus Prenanthes.

rattlesnake master
rattlesnake master#English


biglobose

(botany) Consisting of two globular shapes at some stage of development.


macrosclereid

No cuticle is present between the macrosclereids of the funicular remnant (see Funicular Remnant, below) and those of the hilum testa.

1967, Robert Harold Miller, Crotalaria Seed Morphology, Anatomy, and Identification, page 41:

(botany) A columnar sclereid that forms an outer layer in various fruit and seeds.


crepis

From New Latin crepis, from Ancient Greek κρηπῐ́ς (krēpĭ́s, “crepida; foundation”). Doublet of crepida.

der

Most species of crepis are weeds and all have flowers like small dandelions.

1948, A.G.L. Hellyer, Amateur Gardener, page 199:

(botany) A plant of the genus Crepis in the family Compositae.


perovskia

(botany) Any of the genus Perovskia of flowering plants in the mint family, Lamiaceae.


homostyly

(botany) The condition of being homostylous


homostylous

(botany) Having all styles the same length.


lepanthiform

(botany) Having the form of a Lepanthes orchid


sporidesm

(botany, rare) A pluricellular body which becomes free like a simple spore, and in which every cell is capable of germination.


sporostegium

(botany) The so-called fruit of plants in the family Characeae of green algae, consisting of the hard brownish spirally-twisted shell or covering of the spore.


parabotanist

(botany) A botanist who collects plants for a herbarium


episcia

(botany) Any member of the flowering plant genus Episcia; a flame violet.


ectogeny

(botany) The effect of pollen on parts of the seed and fruit lying outside the embryo and endosperm.


leptose

(lichenology) Of a lichen: having a powdery appearance.


frutification

en-noun

frutification (countable and uncountable, plural frutifications)

(botany) Alternative form of fructification


homocarpic

(botany) In which all flowers produce the same type of fruit


homocarpy

(botany) The condition of being homocarpic


rhizophyte

(botany) Any vascular plant that has roots


paraheliotropism

paraheliotropism (usually uncountable, plural paraheliotropisms)

(botany) Movement of a plant's leaves in order to reduce incident sunlight damage


aeroterrestrial

(botany) That lives above ground level (typically on high walls)


wild onion

Coordinate term: wild garlic

(botany) Any of a large number of noncultivated plants that smell similar to, or otherwise resemble, onions, especially in the genus Allium.


brachysclereid

(botany) A sclereid that occurs in the stems (and some fruit) of plants


tuberosphere

(botany) The area of soil surrounding, and influenced by, a plant tuber


archegoniophore

(botany) The stalk of a prothallium that carries the archegonia


basiphilous

(botany, of a plant) That thrives in basic (alkaline) soil


asperulous

(botany) Slightly rough, due to minute small hard protrusions on the surface.


mercurialine

Mercurialis perennis
Mercurialis perennis#Translingual

(botany) A volatile oil found in Mercurialis perennis (dog's mercury), consisting mostly of methylamine.


seedfall

seedfall (countable and uncountable, plural seedfalls)

(botany) The dispersal of seeds from a tree


verticel

(botany) A circle of flowers around a node on a stem.


cladodromous

(botany, of a leaf) Having a single, central vein from which secondary veins radiate on each side


ballochory

(botany) A form of seed dispersal in which the seed is forcefully ejected by explosive dehiscence of the fruit


pleiomerous

(botany, of a flower) having a greater than normal number of parts


tricotyledon

From tri- (“three”) + cotyledon (“embryonic leaf”).

prefix

(botany) A plant whose seedling has three cotyledons


fittonia

(botany) Any of the genus Fittonia of flowering plants.


gerardia

(botany) Any of the genus Gerardia of flowering plants.


proteoid

(botany, of a root) Having a cluster of closely spaced short lateral rootlets


scorpion grass

en-noun

scorpion grass (countable and uncountable, plural scorpion grasses)

(botany) A forget-me-not or mouse-ear flower (genus Myosotis).


sectoroid

(botany, of a seed) Having the shape of a sector (e.g. of an orange)


subprolate

(botany, of a pollen grain) Slightly prolate (but approximately spherical)


tricolporate

(botany, of a pollen grain) Having three colpi and pores.


flagellichorous

(botany) whose seeds are spread via flagella


phyllogen

(botany) A protein inducer of leaf-like floral organs.


subwoody

(botany) Not completely woody (but neither properly herbaceous)


stamenoid

(botany, of a petal) Having the form (or function) of a stamen


carpopodium

carpopodium (plural carpopodiums or carpopodia)

carpopodiums (plural)
carpopodia (plural)

(botany) A receptacular elongation of the base of the gynoecium


puschkinia

(botany) Any of the genus Puschkinia of bulbous perennials in the family Asparagaceae.


endotegmen

(botany) The part of the seed coat that develops from the inner epidermis of the inner integument.


amphithallic

(botany) Both homothallic and heterothallic


plumed disseminule

(botany) A fruit or seed bearing a plume


drift seed

Coordinate term: drift fruit

Most drift seeds are produced by tropical trees, and they can be found on distant beaches after drifting thousands of miles through ocean currents.

(botany) A seed adapted for long-distance dispersal by water.


self-impotent

(botany) Incapable of self-fertilization.


archegoniate

(botany) Relating to or possessing archegonia.


ectoaperture

(botany) The softest part of a pollen grain where the layer of ectexine is thinest


tricolporoidate

(botany, of pollen grains) Having three colpi


heliophytic

(botany) That thrives in bright sunlight


ceramidium

From Ancient Greek κέραμος (kéramos, “earthen vessel”) + -idium.

af

(phycology) In macroalgae in the Rhodomelaceae family, the urn-shaped envelope surrounding the sporogenous filaments of the cystocarp


sporopollen

en-noun

sporopollen (countable and uncountable, plural sporopollen)


amphicribral

(botany) In which the phloem surrounds the xylem


amphivasal

(botany) In which the xylem surrounds the phloem


perulate

The terminal buds are perulate.


heterodiasporic

(botany) In which the seeds and fruit are dispersed separately


brachioblast

(botany) An immature piece of tissue that has arms or needles


nostocoid

The Nostocoid type consists of small rounded blue-green cells not over 5p. in diameter and arranged in chains which are often much broken up in the cephalodium, so that the concatenate arrangement is hardly apparent.

1947, Ivan Mackenzie Lamb, A monograph of the lichen genus Placopsis Nyl, page 166:

The filaments are typically somewhat twisted or nostocoid and the trichomes are very narrow, barely three micra in diameter.

1953, Natural and Applied Science Bulletin:

(botany) Resembling a member of the genus Nostoc of cyanobacterium


poikilohydry

From poikilo- + -hydry or a noun-forming modification of poikilohydric (see -y); compare homoiohydry.

Poikilohydry occurs in such organisms as lichens and bryophytes, which lack mechanisms such as waterproofing cuticles or stomata that can help resist desiccation.

Frequently, poikilohydry is coupled with the capacity to tolerate dehydration or low water content of cell tissue and to recover from it without physiological damage.

Nonvascular cryptogams, particularly the lichens and mosses, form a majority of the species and biomass exhibiting poikilohydry within desert regions of the world, including North America.

1997, S. D. Smith, R. Monson, J. E. Anderson, Physiological Ecology of North American Desert Plants, Springer, page 191:

2011, T. G. Allan Green, Leopoldo G. Sancho, Ana Pintado, Chapter 6: Ecobiology of Desiccation/Rehydration Cycles in Mosses and Lichens, Ulrich Lüttge, Erwin Beck, Dorothea Bartels (editors), Plant Desiccation Tolerance, Springer, Ecological Studies 215, page 113,
The strategy of poikilohydry was almost certainly primitive and evolved from the production of desiccation-tolerant spores (Oliver et al. 2000). Organisms employing poikilohydry are confined to a small overall size, in particular because of the limitations to water transport that relies on capillarity (Proctor and Tuba 2002).

Their small size and ability to adhere to solid substrates allows mosses to occupy habitats where poikilohydry provides a unique advantage, but these characteristics set limits on their distribution to specific types of environments where tracheophytes are unable to dominate.

2018, Mitchell B. Cruzan, Evolutionary Biology: A Plant Perspective, Oxford University Press, page 33:

(botany) The condition of being poikilohydric; the lack of structural or functional mechanisms to actively regulate the equilibrium between the concentration of water in cell tissue and that in the environment.


dendroflora

dendroflora (countable and uncountable, plural dendrofloras)


hemerochory

(botany) The dispersal of seeds or spores by the indirect action of man


hysteranthy

(botany) The condition of being hysteranthous.


root nodule

(botany) A lump found on the roots of some plants, primarily legumes, that forms a symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing bacteria known as rhizobia, allowing the plant to obtain nitrogen directly from the atmosphere, which most plants cannot do.


hulless

hulless oats

hulless barley


unipinnate

(botany) Being a pinnately compound leaf that does not branch off into further petiole axes, and consequently lacks pinnulae


bombaceous

en-adj

bombaceous (comparative more bombaceous, superlative most bombaceous)

more bombaceous (comparative)
most bombaceous (superlative)

Where several cylinders have been joined together, and squeezed into a cake or ball, the mass is usually wrapped in large leaves, which appear to belong to a malvaceous or bombaceous plant.

1896, Sir William Jackson Hooker, Companion to the Botanical Magazine:

Among the remarkable trees present the best known is the bombaceous Chorisia crispiflora, which has a barrel-like swollen trunk whose loose soft wood acts as a gigantic water-reservoir.

1925, Eugenius Warming, Isaac Bayley Balfour, Martin Vahl, Oecology of plants, page 294:

Alexander von Humboldt (1769–1859) in 1805 had already differentiated growth forms such as palms, banana form, malvaceous form, bombaceous form, mimosa form, heather, cactus form, orchids, casuarinas, conifer, arum form, lianas, aloe form, grass form, ferns, lilies, willow form, myrtle form, Melastoma form, and laurel form (see Lomolino et al., 2004).

2011, Andrew Millington, Mark Blumler, Udo Schickhoff, The SAGE Handbook of Biogeography, page 78:

A bombaceous tree here and there adorned the forest with its numerous purple flowers.

2014, Richard Spruce, Alfred Russel Wallace, Notes of a Botanist on the Amazon and Andes, page 300:

(botany, relational) Of the family Bombacoideae (a sub-family of Malvaceae)


pseudowhorl

(botany) Any arrangement of tightly-packed leaves that is not an actual whorl


pericoronal

(botany) Surrounding a corona (of a flower)


colporoidate

(botany) Having colpi (typically of a designated number or type)


hypostomium

(botany) The region immediately anterior of a stomium


macrohair

(botany) A relatively large hair, typically on a bract or leaf


podostemoid

(botany) Any plant of the subfamily Podostemoideae


phytomorph

Interpretational Criteria During the initial stages of counting, it became apparent that some of the phytomorphs observed do not conform to established classification schemes.

1995, Salvatore A. Engel-Di Mauro, A Phytolith Analysis of Buried Soils in the Young Loess Sequence of Hungary:

(rare, botany) A specific morphology of a phytolith.


heteroarthrocarpic

(botany, of a fruit) Laterally divided into two different segments


anthocyanescence

(botany) The formation of red pigments (such as anthocyanin) as a symptom of disease


cladocarpous

(botany) Having fruit at the end of branches


bistratosity

(botany) The condition of being bistratose


phyllochron

(botany) The time interval between the sequential appearance of leaves on a plant (typically on a cereal)


tristratose

(anatomy, botany) Composed of three cell layers


hyperhydricity

(botany) The result of excessive hydration


androhermaphrodite

(botany) That produces both male and bisexual flowers


ectocolpus

(botany) A groove on the surface of a pollen grain


xylopodium

(botany) A woody stem or root, typically underground.


chlorenchymatous

(botany) Relating to, or composed of chlorenchyma


perithallus

(botany) The layer of cells surrounding a thallus


deltate

From delta (a greek letter of triangular form) + -ate (adjective-forming suffix).


leafburst

(botany) The eruption of a new leaf through the underlying tissue


rhizocretion

(botany) A concretion on the roots of a plant


pseudomonomerous

From pseudo- + monomerous. By surface analysis, pseudo- + mono + -merous.

surf

(botany) Apparently monomerous, but actually composed of two fused parts.


pterochorous

(botany, of seeds) Having "wings" that are used for dispersal by the wind


lanceoloid

en-adj

lanceoloid (comparative more lanceoloid, superlative most lanceoloid)

more lanceoloid (comparative)
most lanceoloid (superlative)

Carex rosea generally has ovoid-lanceoloid perigynia with a length-width ratio of 2.0-2.5:1, and is non-rhizomatous as well.

1987 December 14, “Carex socialis (Cyperaceae): A New Record for the Atlantic Coastal Plain”, in Castanea, volume 52, number 4, page 311:

(botany) Three-dimensional, narrow at both ends with the widest part below the middle.


melittophilous

(botany, of plants) That attract insects such as ants or bees which then pollinate the flower


leafule

There are other forest ferns with golden, translucent scales, but their leaves are very different from those of Christmas fern – usually much lacier because each frond is divided into leaflets, which are further divided into separate leafules.

2013 May 20, Elizabeth Farnsworth, “Fabulous Forest Ferns”, in Northern Woodlands:

(botany) A subdivision of a leaflet (which is in turn a subdivision of a leaf).


floricane

An experiment was carried out to investigate whether detached segments of floricanes during winter pruning of erect blackberries could be used as a source of propagating material.

1997 July, HortScience, volume 32, number 4, →DOI:

(botany) A stem of some species of Rubus in its second year of growth, when it bears flowers.


polster

It is on this rocky surface that one finds many of the growth forms associated with extreme life conditions: polsters, mat plants, espaliers.

1915 April, F. J. Smiley, “The alpine and subapline vegetation of the Lake Tahoe region”, in Botanical Gazette, volume 59, page 265:

The polsters give the glacier the appearance of a cobble-strewn surface.

1972, Calvin J. Heusser, “Polsters of the moss Drepanocladus berggrenii on Gilkey Glacier, Alaska”, in Torreya, volume 99, number 1, pages 34–36:

Moss polsters were sampled using an equivalent surface cross-section area to that of the traps.

1991, P. R. Cundill, “Comparisons of moss polster and pollen trap data: a pilot study”, in Grana, volume 30, number 2, →DOI:

(botany) A clump of moss; a glacier mouse.


monocephaly

(rare, botany) The quality of being monocephalic or monocephalous.


mandevilla

From the genus name, after Henry Mandeville (1773-1861), British diplomat and gardener.

(botany) Any of the genus Mandevilla of tropical and subtropical flowering vines, native to the Americas.


bearded iris

en-noun

bearded iris (plural bearded iris or bearded irises)

bearded iris (plural)
bearded irises (plural)

(botany, horticulture) Any species or cultivar of the bearded rhizomatous irises of the section Iris subg. Iris sect. Iris, especially Iris × germanica.


irisology

(rare, botany, horticulture) The study or cultivation of irises.


spathiphyllum

Borrowed from translingual Spathiphyllum.

Two Spathiphyllums were selected for testing. One spath was used for aerobic (leaves A-C) and anoxic (leaves D-F) wounding experiments. The second Spath was used for the spectral analysis tests.

2018 June 14, Carl L. Oros, Fabio Alves, “Leaf wound induced ultraweak photon emission is suppressed under anoxic stress: Observations of Spathiphyllum under aerobic and anaerobic conditions using novel in vivo methodology”, in PloS one., →DOI, →PMID, →PMCID:

(botany) Any plant of the genus Spathiphyllum.


scabrule

Possibly a descendant of Latin scaber + -ule

Rare specimens will have one or more leaves covered adaxially with tiny scabrules, which provide a rough texture to the leaf.

2004, Arthur Haines et al., “Records for Carex rostrata (Cyperaceae) in New England”, in Rhodora, volume 106, number 927, →JSTOR:

(botany) Short, stiff projections or hairs which give a stem or leaf a rough texture, at least in one direction.


-phyllous

From Ancient Greek φύλλον (phúllon, “leaf”) and Latin Latin -ōsus.

(botany, of plants) Of having a specified number or kind of leaves.

(botany, of plants) Having a specified relationship to the leaves.


pseudospikelet

(botany) A synflorescence in bamboos, consisting of multiple spikelet-like structures that develop from buds.


platanthera

(botany) Any of the Platanthera family of fringed orchids.


magnolioid

If treated as a magnolioid it seems to be the only genus with cruciferous stomata, the anthers are neither adnate nor extrorse, the ovary syncarpous, unilocular, and with a long style, the ovules are orthotropous with cellular endosperm, […]

1970, Australian Journal of Botany, page 411:

Each follicle is provided with major vascular bundles, two ventral and one dorsal as in conduplicate carpels of other magnolioids.

1993, Wilson Nichols Stewart, Paleobotany and the Evolution of Plants, page 468:

(botany) A member of the botanical family Magnoliaceae for which the genus Magnolia is representative


brunnera

(botany) Any of the genus Brunnera of boraginaceous flowering plants.


noeud vital

(botany, obsolete) The junction between root and stem of a plant.


monostely

(botany) The property of being monostelic.


polystely

(botany) The property of being polystelic.


polystelic

(botany) Exhibiting polystely; being a polystele.


distely

(botany) The property of being distelic.


monostelic

(botany) Exhibiting monostely; being a monostele.


polystele

In a stele prior to the breaking up into a polystele, phloem strand becomes “U”-shaped.

1960, Proceedings of the National Institute of Sciences of India, page 89:

(botany) a segment of plant stem which is characterised by possession of more than a single stele.


astelic

We see, therefore, that the plants in this Order, although generally astelic, sometimes aggregate all the vascular bundles present in certain of their members into so many steles […]

1901, Transactions of the Linnean Society of London: Botany. 2d Series, page 298:

The astelic type of Van Tieghem does not result from the separation of the constituent epicotyledonary stele into its constituent bundles, for in the young so-called astelic axis there are no bundles present at all, but a collateral stelar tube […]

1999, R. J. Harvey Gibson, Outlines Of Botany, page 181:


meristele

The origin and course of the two meristeles will be traced in the following paragraphs. Other meristeles are seen scattered round the stele, some of comparable dimensions to those already indicated, others smaller, […]

1901, Botanical Pamplets, volume 45, page 49:

(botany) Each of the apparently isolated units of a dictyostele.


tetragyny

(botany) The condition of being tetragynous


tetrandry

(botany) The condition of being tetrandrous


epicotyledonary

Seedling showing median length for hypocotyl and long epicotyledonary stem without leaf rudiments […]

1904, Ceylon Journal of Science: Botany, volume 2, page 209:

The fractures in the epicotyledonary region differ somewhat in general appearance, but all produce the same result — the plumule fails to develop and finally becomes detached from the rest of the epicotyl.

1930, Journal of Agricultural Research, page 379:

A day later epicotyledonary meristem or shoot apex is initiated […]

1976, The Journal of the Indian Botanical Society, page 10:


lipoplast

(botany) A small structure in seeds in which fat is stored


flag leaf

(agricultural, cereals, botany) The last leaf to emerge in a cereal plant during its growth; the flag leaf provides majority of the leaf area of the plant and is used as one indicator of its growth stage.

agricultural; cereals; agricultural; cereals

Cereal growth staging scales on Wikipedia..


epiascidiate

(botany, of a leaf) in the form of a tube


gametangiophore

(botany) An extended thallus, in liverworts, that bears the gametes


merophyte

(botany) Any of a group of cells, typically in a leaf or stem, produced from the same initial cell


orthogravitropism

(botany) The normal tendency of a plants parts to bend downward under the effects of gravity


porogamic

(botany) Exhibiting or relating to porogamy.


stigmatophore

(botany) The structure that bears the stigmata


hyperdormancy

(botany, of a seed) The condition of being hyperdormant.


icosandrous

(botany) Having twenty or more stamens in each perigynous flower.


macrogametogenesis

(botany) The gametogenesis of macrogametes


polycotyly

(botany) The condition of being polycotyledonous


resistosome

(botany) The structure presumed to confer disease resistance to a plant


limbidium

The leaf margin, which consists of a band of uni-stratose to pluri-stratose, hyaline-yellowish, prosenchymatous, stereid cells is called limbidium. In some species, the limbidium can be well developed in all three laminae.

2020, Afroz Alam, Contemporary Research on Bryophytes, page 165:

(bryology) A differentiated margin of the leaf of a moss.


acalycal

(botany, of a stamen) Not attached to a calyx


rootstalk

All these species are climbing, briery plants, having long slender roots, which proceed in all directions from a common rootstalk or rhizome.

1868, George Bacon Wood, A Treatise on Therapeutics, and Pharmacology, Or Materia Medica, Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott & Company, page 432:

For Theophrastus insists that the scion's relation to the rootstalk is not essentially different from that of any other plant's relation to the earth. The rootstalk simply provides nourishment, just as the earth does, while the formation and growth of the scion are both due to the power of the scion itself.

2016, James Wilberding, Forms, Souls, and Embryos, Routledge, →ISBN:


anthemoid

(botany, of a pollen grain) That has basal columellae.


agrophic

(botany, of a vein) Not paired with a vein on the opposite side of the lateral vein.


agrophic

(botany) A vein that is not paired with a vein on the opposite side of the lateral vein.


bostrychoid

(botany, of buds) arranged in a helical manner on the outside of a long, tapering, conical rachis


carduoid

(botany, of a style) having a ring of sweeping hairs on the shaft below the style branches


endophloic

(botany, of lichen) having the thallus growing within (rather than upon) the bark of trees


phytomelanous

(botany) Relating to or composed of phytomelan.


obtrapeziform

(botany, of a leaf) trapeziform, but attached by the narrower trapezoidal base


brochus

(botany) The width of the lumen of a pollen grain reticulum.


homobrochate

(botany, of a pollen grain) Having lumina of all the same sizes


elephophily

(botany) Pollination via the feet of elephants.


heterobrochate

(botany, of a pollen grain) Having lumina of different sizes


pseudobasifixed

(botany, of an anther) connected to the filament of the stamen by connective tissue which extends in a tube around the filament tip


vernonioid

(botany, of a style) Having sweeping hairs borne on abaxial surfaces of style branches.


arctotoid

(botany, of a style) having a ring of sweeping hairs borne on the shaft of the style proximal to the style branches


hapter

(botany) An attachment formed when a foliose lichen thallus comes in contact with a substrate


cenanthous

(botany, of a perianth) That lacks both stamens and pistil


autoflowering

(botany) Describes a plant (typically cannabis) that automatically switches from vegetative growth to the flowering stage based on age


spruce tip

(sylviculture, arboriculuture, horitculture, agriculture, botany, cooking) The new spring growth at the ends of spruce branches. For some species of spruce, these are edible and a traditional foodstuff.


exoscopic

(botany, of an embryo) Having the apex pointed toward the neck of the archegonium


prebranch

(botany) Describing the part of a root from which a lateral root will form


aciculum

From Latin [Term?]. Compare English acicula.

(botany, zoology) A needlelike spine or bristle, specially the seta of an annelid


carpoxenia

(botany) The effect of pollen on the tissue of the carpel


chlamydeous

Probably back-formation from achlamydeous, archichlamydeous, metachlamydeous, monochlamydeous; or from Ancient Greek χλᾰμῠ́δ- (khlămŭ́d-, stem of χλᾰμῠ́ς (khlămŭ́s)) chlamys + -eous.

der

stem of <i class="Polyt mention" lang="grc">χλᾰμῠ́ς</i> (khlămŭ́s)


chrysocarpous

(botany) Having golden / yellow berries / fruit


chylocauly

(botany) The condition of being chylocaulous


chylophyllous

(botany) Having fleshy or succulent leaves.


chylophylly

(botany) The condition of being chylophyllous.


cladautoicous

(botany, of a moss) that has the male inflorescence on a special branch


cleistocarpous

(botany) Relating to, or bearing a cleistocarp


cleistogene

From Ancient Greek κλειστός (kleistós) + -gene.

af

grc:κλειστός

(botany) A cleistogamous flower or plant


garrya

(botany) Any of the genus Garrya of flowering plants.


coelogyne

(botany) Any orchid of the genus Coelogyne


coenobe

Nativized form of coenobium. By surface analysis, coen- + -obe.


mesarch

the mesarch structure of a leaf


(pathology, botany, mycology, agronomy) Initialism of tropical race 4; the pathogenic fungus Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense that causes Panama disease, which is 100% deadly to the Cavendish banana.


novemfid

From Latin novemfidus, from novem (“nine”) + -fidus, from findere (“to split”).


catasetum

(botany) Any of the genus Catasetum of showy epiphytic orchids.


ephedroid

(botany) A member of the order of Ephedrales.


sandaliform

(botany) shaped like a sandal or slipper.


kalidium

From Ancient Greek καλιά (kaliá, “hut”) + -idium.


micrandrous

(botany) That produces dwarf male plants


monohaploid

(botany) Describing a monoploid plant that is normally diploid


monosiphonic

(biology, botany) Having a single siphon (tube)


monoxylic

Coordinate term: polyxylic

Cycas initially has a single ring of vascular bundles (monoxylic); however, one or more concentric vascular bundle rings appear outside the primary ring of bundles in the older stems showing polyxylic condition (figure 4.21).

2023, Dr. Romesh Singh Bhaal, Dr. Komal, Diversity of Microbes, Algae, Fungi and Archegoniates, page 216:

(botany) Having a single ring of vascular bundles.


polycotyledony

(botany) The condition of being polycotyledonous


polygynoecial

(botany, of a fruit) Formed from the pistils of multiple flowers


polyphylly

(botany) The condition of being polyphyllous


ocreaceous

(botany) Relating to, or having the form of an ocrea


protophyll

(botany) A primitive leaf in some clubmosses


swainsona

(botany) Any of the genus Swainsona of flowering plants.


sychnocarpous

All trees and herbaceous perennials are sychnocarpous.

(botany) Able to produce fruit many times without perishing.


dicotyledony

(botany) The condition of being dicotyledonous.


monocotyledony

(botany) The condition of being monocotyledonous.


porogamous

(botany) Exhibiting or relating to porogamy.


overbloom

en-verb

overbloom (third-person singular simple present overblooms, present participle overblooming, simple past and past participle overbloomed)

overblooms (present singular third-person)
overblooming (participle present)
overbloomed (participle past)
overbloomed (past)

Coupled with sewage, the unnatural intensity of these nutrients makes the algae in the bay overbloom, and too much algae in turn blocks sunlight.

2004, Robert P. Marzec, The Mid-Atlantic Region, page 83:

(botany) To produce an excessive amount of flowers or algae.


paracladium

(botany) A branch that has the same branching structure as the main axis


paracyst

(dated, botany) The antheridium of an ascomycete


pseudoaxis

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-pseudoaxis.wav


geophyllous

(botany) geophytic; having leaves that bury themselves in response to drought


onagrad

(botany) Any plant of the family Onagraceae


zooidogamous

(botany) Describing fertilisation that involves at least one gamete that is motile (as in animals)


gymnospermism

(botany) The trait of being gymnospermous.


tetrachenium

(botany) A fruit formed by four indehiscent parts


isanthesic

an isanthesic map

(botany, cartography) Relating to a kind of isoline that joins places on the Earth where the flowers of a particular plant species bloom at the same time.


probasal

(anatomy, botany) That develops into a basal structure


autocarpous

(botany) Having fruit formed by self-pollination


tetrasporangium

(botany) A sporangium that produces tetraspores


hexander

(botany) Any plant of the class Hexandria


octastichous

(botany) Having a phyllotaxis of eight leaves in each spiral around a stem


isochar

(botany) A line on a map showing areas that contain plants with the same characteristics


decander

(dated, botany) Any plant of the Decandria class


homoiochlorophyllous

(botany) That retains its chlorophyll when deprived of water


muehlenbeckia

(botany) Any of the genus Muehlenbeckia of maidenhairs.


hypogeocarpous

(botany) Having fruit beneath the surface of the earth


elaeocarp

(botany) A tree of the Elaeocarpaceae family.


pouteria

(botany) Any plant of the genus Pouteria.


barbella

(botany) a short, stiff, straight leaf hair.


waterdock

From water + dock. Compare Old English ēa-docce (“Rumex aquaticus”, literally “water-dock”).

cog

(botany) Any of a species of perennial herbaceous plants in the genus Rumex native to fens and freshwater banks of Europe and Western Asia.


hydrophytism

(botany) The adaptation of plants to habitats where water is abundant.


stereid

(botany) A plant cell with thickened cell walls providing mechanical support.


conophytum

(botany) Any of the genus Conophytum of South African and Namibian aizoaceous succulent plants.


quinquejugate

(botany) Pinnate, with five pairs of leaflets.


fruitspike

(botany) An inflorescence of fruit in the form of a spike


phalaenopsid

(botany) Any moth orchid of the genus Phalaenopsis


ochna

The ochnas are among the most attractive trees of this section.

1922, United States. Agricultural Research Service. Plant Science Research Division, Plant Inventory (issues 61-70, page 57)

(botany) Any of the genus Ochna of evergreen trees, shrubs and shrublets.


lebetiform

(botany) Bowl-shaped; used to describe domatia.


marsupiform

(botany) Pocket-shaped; used to describe domatia.


pod vegetable

(botany) Any fruit vegetable whose pods are often eaten while they are still green.


fruit vegetable

en-noun

fruit vegetable (plural fruit vegetables)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-fruit vegetable.wav

(botany) A vegetable with a pulpy, seed-rich body which grows on a vine.


gesneraceous

(botany) Of or relating to the taxonomic family Gesneraceae (now Gesneriaceae).


noncreeping

F. rubra cultivars were classified into hexaploid noncreeping, hexaploid creeping, and octoploid creeping species.

2003, Michael D. Casler, Ronny R. Duncan, Turfgrass Biology, Genetics, and Breeding, page 138:


twinspur

From twin + spur, in reference to the two (usually downward-pointing) spurs to be found on the back of the flower.

(botany) Any of the flowering plants of genus Diascia.


phytoassociation

phytoassociation (usually uncountable, plural phytoassociations)


summer queening

summer queening (plural summer queenings)

(botany, pomology) A kind of apple that originated as a chance seedling in the eastern US during the early nineteenth century.


polyflorous

en-adj

polyflorous (comparative more polyflorous, superlative most polyflorous)

more polyflorous (comparative)
most polyflorous (superlative)


cleistogam

(botany) Any plant exhibiting cleistogamy.


sporosphere

(botany) The compartment of a plant containing spores


aperispermic

(botany) having no albumen around the embryo of the seed


leptocaulous

/ˌlɛptəʊˈkɔːləs/

(botany) Relating to a leptocaul; having a slender stem and many branches.

(phycology) Not exhibiting further enlargement of segments formed by secondary growth after their initial formation, so that filaments remain at the same diameter as the apical cell that generated them.


auxocaulous

From auxo- (“growth”) + Ancient Greek καυλός (kaulós, “stem”) + -ous.

af

(phycology) Exhibiting further enlargement of segments formed by secondary growth after their initial formation, so that filaments have a conspicuously greater diameter than the apical cell that generated them.


western prickly juniper

en-noun

western prickly juniper (plural western prickly junipers)

Juniperus oxycedrus
Juniperus oxycedrus#Translingual

(botany) A juniper (Juniperus oxycedrus), native across the Mediterranean region from Morocco and Portugal, north to southern France, east to westernmost Iran, and south to Lebanon and Israel


yellow dwarf

yellow dwarf (plural yellow dwarfs or yellow dwarves)

yellow dwarfs (plural)
yellow dwarves (plural)

(botany) Any of several diseases of plants caused by viruses, characterized by stunting and yellowing of the leaves.


anemochoria

Anemochoria may be important among seed plants for the distance reached by the diaspores.

1988, M. A. Gandolfo et al., “Akania patagonica n. sp. and additional material on Akania americana Romero & Hickey (Akaniaceae), from Paleocene sediments of Patagonia”, in Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, volume 115, number 2, page 87:

Downstream transportation[…]is common to all aquatic animals which cannot maintain their position by swimming alone. The solution to this problem in freshwater is to produce a drought resistant life-stage adapted to passive (upstream) dispersal by anemochoria or zoochoria.

1994, Henri J. Dumont, “The distribution and ecology of the fresh- and brackish-water medusae of the world”, in Hydrobiologia, volume 212, page 7:

The presence of anemochoria can be considered as an indication of environmental disturbance in already established forest formations, since wind dispersion benefits these conditions.

2019, Maureen de Moraes Stefanello et al., “How Bovine Livestock Affects Seed Rain in Subtropical Climate Forest”, in Journal of Agricultural Science, volume 11, number 10, page 246:

(botany, zoology) Alternative form of anemochory


largeflower

(botany) Applied to various plant species that have large flowers.


Siberian crab apple

Siberian crab apple (plural Siberian crab apples)

Malus baccata
Malus baccata#Translingual

(botany, pomology) Any of the species Malus baccata of apples, of Asia.


Siberian pea-tree

Siberian pea-tree (plural Siberian pea-trees)

(botany) A species of legume, Caragana arborescens native to Siberia, parts of China and neighboring Mongolia and Kazakhstan.


palinactinodromous

(botany) Having three or more primary veins originating near the base of the leaf, with additional branching above.


pachychalazal

From pachychalaza + -al or pachy- + chalazal.

(botany) Having or relating to a pachychalaza, an enlarged chalaza found in some dicots.


smutgrass

Southern United States
Southern United States

(botany) A grass, Sporobolus indicus, native to the West Indies and also common in the Southern United States.


wild mint

From Middle English wyldemynt, wilde mente, equivalent to wild + mint.

(botany) Any plant of certain species of genus Mentha

Mentha pulegium
Mentha pulegium#Translingual


coenosorus

(botany) A compound sorus consisting of multiple fused sori.


gynandrosporous

In Œdogonium, varies as are the conditions between monœcious, gynandrosporous, and diœcious, under which the essential elements concerned in the reproduction present themselves, there seems to be still less difference, on the whole, in form and size of the spermatozoid and the oogonium themselves, than in the other cases adverted to.

1865, William Archer, “Observations on the Genera Cylindrocystis (Meneghini), Mesotænium (Näg.), and Spirotænia (Breb.), (= Palmoghlœa, Kütz. pro maxima parte), mainly induced by a paper by Dr. J. Braxton Hicks, F. R. S., F. L. S., on the Lower Forms of Algæ”, in Proceedings of the Natural History Society of Dublin, for the Sessions 1862-63, 1863-64, 1864-65, (Inclusive.), volume IV, Dublin: […] M. H. Gill, page 268:

This variety differs from the type variety Oe. kozminskii Prescott. var. kozminskii (Prescott, 1944,1951) by its smaller size, gynandrosporous habit and by the strongly capitellate vegetative cells.

1965, Pakistan Journal of Biological and Agricultural Sciences, page 178:

The features of the oogonial opening and the possible existence of dwarf males point towards relationship with O. rothii N. Pringsheim ex Hirn, which, however, is gynandrosporous.

(botany) Having reproductive organs with both male and female functions.


androphorum

When all the stamina are united into two androphora; in other words, when their filaments are united into two distinct bodies, they are said to be Diadelphous (St. diadelpha);

1831, A[chille] Richard, translated by W. Macgillivray, Elements of Botany and Vegetable Physiology, Including the Characters of the Natural Families of Plants, with Illustrative Figures, Edinburgh: William Blackwood; London: T. Cadell, page 221:

Flower of a malvacea: a, the calyx; b, the corolla; c, the stamens united in a tubular androphorum (from the Greek aner, man, or in Botany, a stamen, and pherein to bear—a columnar expansion of the centre of the flower upon which the stamens seem to grow;) d, the stigmata.

1844, W[illiam] S. W. Ruschenberger, Elements of Botany. Prepared for the Use of Schools and Colleges, Philadelphia, Pa, New York, N.Y.: Turner & Fisher, page 76:

In Couroupita (Plate XXXIII. b), as in the following genera, we find a floral structure analogous in its peculiarities to that of Gustavia, but offering a different appearance, owing to a modification in the form of its singular androphorum.

1873 June 5, John Miersen, “On the Lecythidaceæ”, in The Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, volume XXX, part the second, London, published 1874, page 159:

(botany) A stalk-like extension of the center of a flower from which emerge the stamens.


Steinbach's crown cactus

Steinbach's crown cactus (plural Steinbach's crown cactuses or Steinbach's crown cacti)

Steinbach's crown cactuses (plural)
Steinbach's crown cacti (plural)

(botany) Any of species Rebutia steinbachii of flowering cactuses.


circumcapitular

(botany, anatomy) Surrounding a capitulum


frutescence

(botany) the quality of being frutescent


desert pea

(botany) an Australian plant in the genus Swainsona, distinctive for its blood red leaf-like flowers


semileafless

(botany) Having very few leaves; applied especially to a variety of pea plant.


myrtalean

(botany) Belonging to the Myrtales clade.


abietineous

(botany) Of or relating to the Abietineae.


archichlamydeous

(botany) Of or relating to the Archichlamydeae.


dombeya

(botany) Any of the flowering plants of the genus Dombeya.


epicotylar

The basipetally differentiating epicotylar vasculature and the root-hypocotyl-cotyledon vasculature are ontogenetically separate and establish connection just below the cotyledons.

1984, Journal of Plant Anatomy and Morphology, volumes 1-2, page 77:

Shoots regenerated from epicotylar end were selected on kanamycin (50 mg/L) and the shoots derived from the axillary bud primordia of cotyledonary node failed to survive on kanamycin.

2013, Pawan K. Jaiwal, Rana P. Singh, Applied Genetics of Leguminosae Biotechnology, page 78:


heterodromy

(botany) The property of being heterodromous.


August plum

(botany) A wild plum tree of eastern and central North America having red-orange fruit with yellow flesh (Prunus americana).


spurge olive

(botany) Synonym of spurge-laurel (Thymelaea passerina).


AAY

(botany) Initialism of American aster yellows.


autocolonial

This may be because the formation of autocolonies within the mother cell wall is a considerable advance over the condition of free-lying spherical cells, and because along with the development of this autocolonial habit there has gone almost necessarily an axial differentiation of the individual cells.

1914, Gilbert Morgan Smith, The Organization of the Colony in Certain Four-celled Coenobic Algae, page 1175:

Single-chambered globular forms with attachment scars, in the Late Ordovician Maysville Group of Kentucky, are most likely referrable to Sorosphaera tricella Moreman, 1930 inasmuch as such specimens occur with autocolonial specimens of S. tricella.

1981, James Elvin Conkin, Barbara M. Conkin, Early Mississippian (Kinderhookian) Smaller Foraminifera from the McCraney Limestone of Missouri and Illinois, page 12:


elaeagnus

(botany) Any plant of the genus Elaeagnus.


stylelike

en-adj

stylelike (comparative more stylelike, superlative most stylelike)

more stylelike (comparative)
most stylelike (superlative)

(botany) Resembling or characteristic of a style.


root system

(botany) The structure comprising the roots of a plant.


scleromorphy

(botany) Quality of being scleromorphic.


phyllodinous

phyllodinous (comparative more phyllodinous, superlative most phyllodinous)

more phyllodinous (comparative)
most phyllodinous (superlative)


creeping gromwell

en-noun

creeping gromwell (plural creeping gromwells)


blue creeping gromwell

blue creeping gromwell (plural blue creeping gromwells)

creeping gromwell
creeping gromwell#English


obdeltate

(botany) In the shape of an equilateral triangle with the apex at the base.


whitevein

(botany) Having white veins; applied to the perennial herb Pyrola picta.


wyrilda

(botany) Acacia confluens, found in Australia.


retypification

retypification (usually uncountable, plural retypifications)

(botany) The act of typifying again (selection of a new type specimen or type species).


lamb's cress

lamb's cress (countable and uncountable, plural lamb's cresses)

From Middle English *lambes-cresse, from Old English lambes cerse (“lamb's cress”), equivalent to lamb + -'s + cress.

inh

(botany) An annual or biennial species of plant (Cardamine hirsuta) in the family Brassicaceae that is edible as a salad green.


subamentaceous

en-adj

subamentaceous (comparative more subamentaceous, superlative most subamentaceous)

more subamentaceous (comparative)
most subamentaceous (superlative)

(botany) Somewhat or imperfectly amentaceous.


subjulaceous

subjulaceous (comparative more subjulaceous, superlative most subjulaceous)

more subjulaceous (comparative)
most subjulaceous (superlative)


netleaf

(botany) Applied to certain plants having reticulated or net-like leaves.


Texas ebony

(botany) An evergreen tree of Texas and Mexico, Ebenopsis ebano.


subumbellated

(botany) Synonym of subumbellate (“almost umbellate”)


landolphia

(botany) Any of the plants of the genus Landolphia.


lepidodendraceous

(botany) Of or relating to the family Lepidodendraceae.


hirsutidin

Catharanthus roseus
Catharanthus roseus#Translingual

(botany, organic chemistry) An O-methylated anthocyanidin, belonging to the anthocyanins, found in Catharanthus roseus petals and calluses.


pyroanthocyanin

(botany, organic chemistry) A type of anthocyanin found in Monnina obtusifolia.


selenophilic

selenophilic (comparative more selenophilic, superlative most selenophilic)

more selenophilic (comparative)
most selenophilic (superlative)

In some cases, soil concentrations are such that selenophilic plants can accumulate selenium to toxic concentrations.

1998 March 23, Robert Alan Lewis, Lewis' Dictionary of Toxicology, CRC-Press, →ISBN, page 931:

Nevertheless, the addition of a selenophilic trap is often beneficial as highlighted in a number of the examples in this section.

2015 October 26, Molecular Rearrangements in Organic Synthesis, Wiley, →ISBN, page 614:

(botany, chemistry) Tending to absorb selenium.


autocolony

This fact is of considerable interest as it shows how the autocolonies of certain of the Autosporaceæ may have arisen.

1916, George Stephen West, Algæ, page 219:

Autocolonies of 8 cells were occasional, and of 4 cells quite frequent.

1929, University of Pennsylvania. Botanical Laboratory, Contributions from the Botanical Laboratory and the Morris Arboretum, page 168:

(botany) A daughter colony formed inside a cell of a parent colony.


sinningia

(botany) Any plant of the genus Sinningia.


shortia

(botany) Any of the subshrubs and perennial herbs of the genus Shortia.


secundly

[…] stem prostrate with a terminal tuft of secundly curved linear leaves […]

1894, Joseph Dalton Hooker, Orchideae to Cyperaceae, page 268:

(botany, zoology) In a secund arrangement.


heterotypic synonym

en-noun

heterotypic synonym (plural heterotypic synonyms)

(botany) A synonym that comes into being when a taxon is reduced in status (reduced to synonymy) and becomes part of a different taxon.


calamiferous

en-adj

calamiferous (comparative more calamiferous, superlative most calamiferous)

more calamiferous (comparative)
most calamiferous (superlative)

From Latin calamus (“reed”) + -iferous. Compare New Latin calamifer, used in Botanical Latin and taxonomic names.

In the next Section our Author Discourses concerning Culmiferous or Calamiferous Plants[…]

1700, The History of the Works of the Learned, volume 2, number 8, page 509:

The thrifty farmer now puts on his rubber boots, and mows over his calamiferous grounds.

1879 August 14, Litchfield Enquirer, Litchfield, Connecticut, page 3:

It began to rain; we had lost our trail, but we plunged forward through the calamiferous swamps and dense bush, seeking a place to camp.

1899, George Clarke Musgrave, Under Three Flags in Cuba, Boston, page 202:

The watercourse in the Tarim basin is described in the following terms: "The river (Khotan-daria ?) runs northwards till it joins a confluent from the Tsung-ling (Onion range, in Sarikol), and then flows eastwards into the Pú-cháng-hai [蒲昌海] (lit. Calamiferous Lake), which is also called the Salt Marsh. This is over 300 li from the Yu gate and the Yang barrier, and is 300 li in length and breadth.

1903, Sven Hedin, Central Asia and Tibet: Towards the Holy City of Lassa, volume 2, page 146:

Scape 200–300 mm high, 1.0–1.5 mm in diameter at the base, cylindrical, calamiferous, walls about 0.2 mm thick, densely thickened internally and externally with fibrous tissue, glabrous at the base but becoming increasingly pilose in the upper half with stalked, multicellular hairs with globular terminal glands dark red, exuding a sticky mucilage.

2001, W. D. Jackson, R. J. E. Wiltshire, “Historical taxonomy and a resolution of the Stylidium graminifolium complex (Stylidiaceae) in Tasmania”, in Australian Systematic Botany, volume 14, number 6, →DOI, page 954:

(rare, botany) Having or producing reeds.


caulirosulate

caulirosulate (comparative more caulirosulate, superlative most caulirosulate)

more caulirosulate (comparative)
most caulirosulate (superlative)

From New Latin; from caulis (“stem”) + rosa (“rose”).

(botany, of leaves and bracts) Arranged in rose-like clusters at the end of the stem.


sexual method

(botany) A method of classification based mainly on the difference in the number and position of the stamens and pistils of plants.


schizostelic

(botany) Exhibiting or relating to schizostely.


schizostely

(botany) The arrangement in which the single primitive stele breaks up into as many distinct strands as it possesses vascular bundles.


calycule

(botany) Synonym of calyculus (“group of bracts resembling an outer calyx”)


semisucculent

(botany) Somewhat or partially succulent.


blister lichen

From blister + lichen, from their appearance.

(lichenology) Any lichen in the genus Toninia.


pelorized

(botany) Exhibiting the abnormality called pelorism.


perigyny

(botany) The quality of being perigynous.


axiophyte

(botany, UK) A plant of special interest to botanists.


peponium

One, a peponium, related to the cucumber, was discovered only recently.

1991, Adrian Skerrett, Judith Skerrett, The Beauty of Seychelles, page 101:

(botany) Any of the plants of the genus Peponium.


musiform

musiform (comparative more musiform, superlative most musiform)

more musiform (comparative)
most musiform (superlative)


porphyrilic acid

(lichenology, organic chemistry) A carboxylic acid derived from a lichen containing two benzofuran units with IUPAC name 4,10-dihydroxy-8-methyl-3-oxo-1H-[2]benzofuro[5,4-b][1]benzofuran-7-carboxylic acid.


interparenchymatous

(anatomy, botany) Between parenchyma cells.


aster yellows

(botany) A type of plant disease caused by phytoplasma, primarily affecting plants of the Asteraceae family.


AYP

(botany) Initialism of aster yellows phytoplasma.


melampodium

(botany) Any plant of the genus Melampodium.


metachlamydeous

(botany) Of or relating to the Metachlamydeae.


momordica

(botany) Any plant of the genus Momordica.


trophophore

(botany) The sterile part of a fern's leaf, as opposed to the sporophore.


blastesis

From Ancient Greek βλάστησις (blástēsis, “germination”). Coined by Friedrich Becke in 1903.

der

(lichenology) Reproduction of a lichen thallus using gonidia.


isoarthothelin

(lichenology) A chemical xanthone compound derived from lichens with IUPAC name 2,4,7-trichloro-3,6-dihydroxy-1-methylxanthen-9-one.


subeffigurate

(lichenology) Having a slightly definite lobed shape.


dichloronorlichexanthone

From di- + chloro- + nor- + lichexanthone.

(organic chemistry, lichenology) A two chlorine derivative of norlichexanthone, (IUPAC name n,m-dichloro-1,3,6-trihydroxy-8-methylxanthen-9-one) (chlorine atoms can be in position n and m of 2,4,5, or 7 depending on the isomer)


monotrope

(botany) Any plant belonging to the Monotropoideae.


involucrellum

(lichenology) An upper covering layer of a lichen.


paraplectenchymatous

(lichenology) Having a cellular structure superficially like parenchyma of vascular plants with hyphae going in all directions.


goniocyst

Coined by J. M. Norman in 1871 in "Fuligines lichenosae eller Moriolei". Bot. Notiser 1871: 9-20. From gonio- + cyst.

(lichenology) A lichen thallus containing clusters of algae embedded in an envelope of fungal hyphae.


scytopetalaceous

(botany) Belonging to the Scytopetalaceae.


secundiflorous

(botany) Bearing flowers only on one side of the stem.


silenaceous

(botany) Of or relating to the Silenaceae.


sisyrinchium

(botany) Any plant of the genus Sisyrinchium.


pantoporate

(botany, palynology) Having six or more round holes arranged around the surface.


paucinervate

en-adj

paucinervate (comparative more paucinervate, superlative most paucinervate)

more paucinervate (comparative)
most paucinervate (superlative)


paucifoliate

paucifoliate (comparative more paucifoliate, superlative most paucifoliate)

more paucifoliate (comparative)
most paucifoliate (superlative)


pinastric acid

(organic chemistry, lichenology) A chemical found in some lichens with IUPAC name methyl (2E)-2-[3-hydroxy-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-oxofuran-2-ylidene]-2-phenylacetate.


intectate

(botany, palynology) Having a sculptured surface but no tectum (of pollen).


apotheciate

(lichenology) Consisting of an apothecium.


lecidiene

(lichenology) Lacking a margin around the thallus, or having a margin made of the excipulum itself (of the apothecium)


orophilous

orophilous (comparative more orophilous, superlative most orophilous)

more orophilous (comparative)
most orophilous (superlative)

From oro- (“mountains”) + -philous (“love”).


sapstreak

(mycology, botany) A fungal disease of sugar maples caused by Ceratocystis coerulescens.


microphyllinic acid

(biochemistry, lichenology) A lichen-derived chemical compound with IUPAC name 2-hydroxy-4-[2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-6-(2-oxoheptyl)benzoyl]oxy-6-(2-oxoheptyl)benzoic acid.


chiodectonic acid

(biochemistry, lichenology) A red dye derived from a lichen with IUPAC name 2-acetyl-3,5,6,8-tetrahydroxy-7-methoxybenzo[f][1]benzofuran-4,9-dione.


midstyled

(botany) Having a style of medium length.


peucedanoid

From Ancient Greek πευκέδανον (peukédanon) + -oid.


aponogeton

(botany) Any plant of the genus Aponogeton.


kolkwitzia

(botany) A plant of the former genus Kolkwitzia.


koelreuteria

(botany) Any plant of the genus Koelreuteria.


subpubescent

(botany, zoology) Almost or imperfectly pubescent.


michelia

(botany) Any plant of the genus Michelia.


thigmo-

From Ancient Greek θῐ́γμᾰ (thĭ́gmă) + -o-, from the root of θῐγγᾰ́νω (thĭngắnō, “to touch”).

thigmo- + tropism (“movement, turning”) → thigmotropism (“movement of a plant because of touching”)

(biology, botany) related to touching, usually a plant.


summit disease

en-noun

summit disease (countable and uncountable, plural summit diseases)

From summit + disease, from the tendency of infected insects to climb to the upper parts of plants before dying.

Some fungus mediated behavioral changes have been recorded, such as "summit disease" where infected grasshoppers climb to the top of plants to die[…]. This may aid spore dispersal, but it has also been suggested that it is a mechanism by which the host reduces infection through increased exposure to UV.

2010, M[ark] S[tanislaw] Goettel, J[ørgen] Eilenberg, T[ravis] Glare, “Entomopathogenic Fungi and Their Role in Regulation of Insect Populations”, in Lawrence I[rwin] Gilbert, Sarjeet S[ingh] Gill, editors, Insect Control: Biological and Synthetic Agents, London; Burlington, Mass.: Academic Press, →ISBN, page 405:

Soybean looper, Thysanoplusia orichalcea, infected with Thysanoplusia orichalcea nucleopolyhedrovirus. The image illustrates what is known as treetop disease or summit disease, whereby the host climbs to an exposed position (e.g., on vegetation) before death to facilitate dispersal of the pathogen.

2012, David I[an] Shapiro-Ilan, Denny J[oseph] Bruck, Lawrence A[nthony] Lacey, “Principles of Epizootiology and Microbial Control”, in Fernando E. Vega, Harry K[azuyoshi] Kaya, editors, Insect Pathology, 2nd edition, London; Waltham, Mass.: Academic Press, →ISBN, figure 3.2 caption, page 38, column 2:

Many foliar-feeding hosts infected with bacterial and viral pathogens display classic "summit" diseases, in which the infected insects move up the foliage immediately before they die. This behavioral host response to infection results in increased transmission to uninfected hosts, as the pathogen propagules from the cadaver shower down on the foliage below, resulting in increased transmission to the rest of the population.

2014, D[enny] J[oseph] Bruck, “Entomopathogens as Insect Biocontrol Agents”, in Robert G[rant] Linderman, D[avid] Michael Benson, editors, Compendium of Rhododendron and Azalea Diseases and Pests, 2nd edition, St. Paul, Minn.: APS Press, →ISBN, page 84, column 2:

A particularly striking example of host manipulation called ‘summit disease’ occurs across a wide range of insect groups including aphids, grasshoppers, butterflies and moths, beetles and ants. The fungus grows within the host’s body, infecting various organs, but before it reaches a point when the animal can no longer move, somehow the fungus causes the host to climb to a higher point like the top of a grass stem or tree and wait there to die. This can be beneficial to the fungus as from this elevated position they can spread their spores far and wide on the breeze.

2017, Jack Ashby, “Caterpillar with Parasitoid Fungus: Dried Specimen”, in Animal Kingdom: A Natural History in 100 Objects, Stroud, Gloucestershire: The History Press, →ISBN:

In the case of Ophiocordyceps, an infected ant's behaviour can be thought of as fungal behaviour. The death grip, summit disease, these are extended characteristics of the fungus, part of its extended phenotype.

2020, Merlin Sheldrake, “Mycelial Minds”, in Entangled Life: How Fungi Make Our Worlds, Change Our Minds, and Shape Our Futures, London: The Bodley Head, →ISBN, page 124:

(phytopathology) A disease (usually fungal, caused by the species complex Entomophaga grylli) that affects various species of insect, especially grasshoppers, whereby the infected individual typically climbs to the upper parts of a plant, attaches itself there and dies, at which point the infecting agent disperses itself, usually in the form of spores.

Gipfelkrankheit

disease that affects various species of insect


nierembergia

(botany) Any plant of the genus Nierembergia.


hamelia

(botany) Any plant of the genus Hamelia.


stillingia

(botany) Any plant of the genus Stillingia.


amphimict

Coordinate term: apomict

(botany, zoology) Any amphimictic plant or organism.


autocarpy

(botany) The property of being autocarpous.


bouvardia

(botany) Any plant of the genus Bouvardia.


atragene

(botany) Any plant of the genus Atragene.


leafit

The leafits are four or five pairs, with a trifid terminal leafit.

1850, George Luxford, Edward Newman, The Phytologist: A Popular Botanical Miscellany, page 1058:


clitoria

(botany) Any plant of the genus Clitoria.


martynia

(botany) Any plant of the genus Martynia.


pycnoxylic

Coordinate term: manoxylic

The significance of pycnoxylic versus manoxylic organisation of wood is still not well understood. Pycnoxylic wood is a primitive feature of progymnosperms with regard to manoxylic wood with wide and high rays.

1991, Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth sciences, page 122:

(botany, of wood) Compact, dense with small rays of xylem, and not having much pith or cortex.


pauciennial

/(ˌ)pɔːsɪˈɛnɪəl/

From New Latin pauciennis + English -ial, after -ennial.

Experimental and Cytological Studies on Plant Species
II. Trifolium arvense and some other Pauciennial Herbs

1955, Tyge W. Böcher, Kai Larsen, Knud Rahn, Experimental and Cytological Studies on Plant Species: II. Trifolium arvense and some other Pauciennial Herbs (Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab Biologiske Skrifter; 8, № 3), Copenhagen: Ejnar Munksgaard, main title:

The Tortula-Crossidium micro-zone (Figures 5.5) is dominated by acrocarpous mosses with a colonist strategy. Characteristic taxa, mainly of the pottioid genera, have a moderately short life-span (pauciennial, i.e. 1–3 years with a resting stage as spores, to pluriennial, i.e. several years, with seasonality of the gametophyte less distinct) and build predominantly short-turfs or bulbiformous solitary plants on the clayey-sandy crusts.

1998, Harald Kürschner, Shahina A. Ghazanfar, “Bryophytes and Lichens”, in Shahina A. Ghazanfar, Martin Fisher, editors, Vegetation of the Arabian Peninsula (Geobotany; 25), Springer-Science+Business Media, B.V., →DOI, →ISBN, § 5.1.4.1, pages 110–111:

(chiefly botany) Recurring once every few years.


white ginger

(botany) Ginger rootstock which has been dried and scraped.


secondine

In the seed these membranes are called by various names, of which the most frequently used are spermoderm or testa for the primine; mesosperm, for the secondine; and endopleura for the other.

1835, John Lindley, A Key to Structural, Physiological, and Systematic Botany, Longman et al. (publishers), page 35:

(botany) Alternative form of secundine (“second coat of an ovule”)


adenostyle

(botany) Any member of the Adenostyles genus of plants.


colliculate

From colliculus + -ate (adjective-forming suffix).

af

(botany) Having a surface with small rounded bumps.


methylnorhomosekikaic acid

From methyl- + nor- + homo- + sekikaic acid.

(lichenology, organic chemistry) (normally 4'-O-methylnorhomosekikaic acid) A depside carboxylic acid with IUPAC name 3-((2,4-dihydroxy-6-propylbenzoyl)oxy)-2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-6-pentylbenzoic acid


xeroplastic

Daubenmire (1947) supported this view indicating that xeroplastic features were induced by drought and so only occurred under dry conditions […]

1955, Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia, page 44:


palmification

(botany, historical) The fertilization of date palm trees by suspending male clusters from wild dates over the females.


ornithogalum

(botany) Any plant of the genus Ornithogalum.


uvularia

(botany) Any plant of the genus Uvularia.


duplicato-

Representing Latin duplicātō (“double, twice as much”, adverb).

bor

duplicato- + dentate → duplicato-dentate

duplicato- + pinnate → duplicato-pinnate

duplicato- + serrate → duplicato-serrate

duplicato- + ternate → duplicato-ternate

(prefixed to adjectives, chiefly botany) doubly


dodecamerous

(botany) Having the floral organs in twelves.


olivetoric acid

(lichenology, biochemistry) A lichen derived organic acid with is a condensation of olivetolic acid with another similar acid. It has IUPAC name: 4-[2,4-dihydroxy-6-(2-oxoheptyl)benzoyl]oxy-2-hydroxy-6-pentylbenzoic acid


botryopterid

The botryopterids (Botryopteriaceae) include three or four genera, all based on stem anatomy, with fruiting organs known also in one genus.

1927, Frank Hall Knowlton, Plants of the Past: A Popular Account of Fossil Plants, page 75:

To date it has been assumed that most Middle and Upper Pennsylvanian botryopterids produced sporangial aggregations similar to B. globosa and that all botryopterid species of this age produced Punctatisporites-like spores.

1980, Abstracts of Papers to be Presented..., Botanical Society of America, page 44:

(botany) Any extinct primitive fern of the genus Botryopteris.


cladoxylalean

The early coenopterids had prefronds, as did the cladoxylaleans.

1991, Frank Northen Magill, Magill's Survey of Science: Muscular contraction and relaxation, page 2295:

(botany) A plant of the genus Cladoxylon.


coenopterid

Indeed, many of the coenopterids show little distinction between stem and leaf, and protostelic axes are rather common.

1962, Theodore Delevoryas, Morphology and Evolution of Fossil Plants, page 79:

The Upper Devonian Rhacophyton until recently was considered a coenopterid fern […]

1971, David W. Bierhorst, Morphology of Vascular Plants, page 123:

(botany) A fern of the Coenopteridale order, which is a taxon that is no longer used, but which used to represent ferns from the Devonian period into the Permian.


koseret

Koseret extract was also shown to possess both pain-inhibiting and pain-relieving actions, as shown by animal studies (Debella et al., 2003).

2017 December 28, P N Ravindran, The Encyclopedia of Herbs and Spices, CABI, →ISBN, page 515:

(botany) a species of flowering plant (Lippia abyssinica)