anacrogynous

/ˌæn.əˈkɹɑ.d͡ʒɪn.əs/

From Ancient Greek ἀν- (an-, “not”) + ἄκρος (ákros, “tip”) + γυνή (gunḗ, “female”).

(botany) Producing archegonia from cells other than the apical cell of a reproductive branch.


DYC

At times, it seems as though all flowers are D. Y. C.'s, but these brash newcomers of all colors account for[…]

1981, Kent Dannen, Donna Dannen, Rocky Mountain Wildflowers, page 29:

Herbalist Michael Moore describes Arnica as a "DYC," or "damn yellow composite." For beginners studying flora, the yellow members of this family tend to cause confusion.

1989, Janice J. Schofield, Richard W. Tyler, Discovering Wild Plants: Alaska, Western Canada, the Northwest, page 131:

Hymenoxys richardsonii, like H. acaulis, covers a very wide range and could possibly come into the category of "just another D.Y.C." (Damned Yellow Composite).

2002, Graham Nicholls, Alpine Plants of North America, page 145:

The most common though sometimes difficult to tell apart yellow members of the sunflower family are arnicas, groundsels, goldenrods, and mountain-dandelions. There are so many confusing members of this family that some botanizers use the term DYC for "damn yellow composite."

2008, James Luther Davis, The Northwest Nature Guide, page 205:

(botany, humorous) Initialism of damn (or damned) yellow composite: any hard-to-identify yellow-flowered member of the sunflower family (Compositae).


archegonium

On fertilization, the archegonia form obyriform calyptrae that are distinctly narrowed at base to form a stalk or peduncle; this does not occur in other Hepaticae.

1992, Rudolf M[athias] Schuster, The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America: East of the Hundredth Meridian, volume V, Chicago, Ill.: Field Museum of Natural History, →ISBN, page 5:

(botany) A multicellular reproductive structure that contains a large, non-motile gamete (egg cell), and within which an embryo will develop.

munapesäke

multicellular reproductive structure in certain plants


cespitose

en-adj

cespitose (comparative more cespitose, superlative most cespitose)

more cespitose (comparative)
most cespitose (superlative)

A cespitose or turfy plant has many stems from the same root, usually forming a close, thick carpet of matting.

1793, Thomas Martyn, The Language of Botany:


leprose

leprose (comparative more leprose, superlative most leprose)

more leprose (comparative)
most leprose (superlative)

From New Latin leprōsus in botany especially as used by Linnaeus in his 1753 Species Plantarum and Late Latin leprōsus in medicine, from lepra (“psoriasis, leprosy”) + -ōsus, from Koine Greek λέπρᾱ (léprā, “psoriasis & similar skin diseases”), from Ancient Greek λεπρός (leprós, “scaly”), from either λεπίς (lepís, “scale”) or λέπος (lépos, “husk, scale”) + -ρος (-ros, “forming adjective”).

der

A small section of the genus, including T. Usneoides of the United States, presents a filiform and diffusely dichotomous stem with alternate and filiform leprose leaves.

1818, Thomas Nuttall, Genera of North American Plants..., volume I, page 208:

(botany) Synonym of scaly or lepidote, particularly describing lichens with a granular or powdery thallus.


pappose

en-adj

pappose (comparative more pappose, superlative most pappose)

more pappose (comparative)
most pappose (superlative)

(botany) Furnished with a pappus; downy.


papulose

papulose (comparative more papulose, superlative most papulose)

more papulose (comparative)
most papulose (superlative)

(anatomy, botany) Having papulae; papillose


pannose

pannose (comparative more pannose, superlative most pannose)

more pannose (comparative)
most pannose (superlative)

(botany) Similar in texture or appearance to felt or woollen cloth.


utricle

Borrowed from French utricule or Latin ūtriculus (“a small skin or leathern bottle”), diminutive of ūter (“a bag or bottle made of an animal's hide”). Doublet of utriculus.

bor

(biology) A small cell, sac, or bladder-like protuberance in an animal or plant:

(botany) A dry indehiscent one-seeded fruit with thin membranous pericarp, similar to an achene and found in the beet and dock plants.


prophyll

Originally coined by French botanists, from Ancient Greek πρό (pró) and φύλλον (phúllon).

(botany) The frequently specialised or reduced leaf produced at the first node of a new shoot.


foliage leaf

(botany) An unspecialized leaf, composed of a flat lamina and often a petiole, which is the primary seat of photosynthesis and transpiration in plants that have them.


eudicotyledons

(botany, uncommon, often plural only) Alternative form of eudicots


paleodicots

(botany) A group of dicotyledons that evolved prior to the divergence between the monocots and the eudicots.


palaeodicots

(botany) Alternative form of paleodicots


basal dicot

(botany) A dicotyledon that is not part of the monocots.


establishment growth

(botany) A special form of seedling growth in arboraceous monocotyledons, during which the longitudinal axis of the stem expands to reach its final girth. After achieving the definitive basal diameter, the stem elongates, maintaining a nearly cylindrical form.


lateral meristem

en-noun

lateral meristem (plural lateral meristems)

(botany) Meristem forming a cylinder within some plants' organs (primarily stems, branches and roots) and allowing them to increase in girth (lateral growth).


intercalary meristem

intercalary meristem (plural intercalary meristems)

(botany) A meristem found as a "slice" within an organ and allowing lengthening in a middle position.


phyllotactic arrangement

phyllotactic arrangement (countable and uncountable, plural phyllotactic arrangements)


galeate

From Latin galeatus, past participle of galeare (“helmet”).

[…]it has been transformed, except in a few taxa where lobules are always explanate, into a galeate water-sac, which is formed wholly from the lobule, with the external surface from the adaxial leaf surface.

1992, Rudolf M[athias] Schuster, The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America: East of the Hundredth Meridian, volume V, Chicago, Ill.: Field Museum of Natural History, →ISBN, page 4:


prefoliation

prefoliation (usually uncountable, plural prefoliations)

(botany) Vernation (arrangement within a bud) of leaves.


prefloration

prefloration (usually uncountable, plural preflorations)

(botany) The arrangement (vernation) of floral parts in a bud.


suffrutescent

en-adj

suffrutescent (comparative more suffrutescent, superlative most suffrutescent)

more suffrutescent (comparative)
most suffrutescent (superlative)

(botany) Slightly woody or shrubby at the base.


homotropous

(botany) Displaying, of, or pertaining to homotropy.


pointlet

(botany) An extension of the rachis past the last leaf pair in a paripinnate leaf that usually represent an aborted leaf.


crystalloid

(biochemistry, botany) One of the microscopic particles resembling crystals, consisting of protein matter, which occur in certain plant cells.


antitropous

(botany) Displaying, of, or pertaining to antitropy.

antítropo

displaying, of, or pertaining to antitropy


upper leaf zone

en-noun

upper leaf zone (plural upper leaf zones)

(botany) That part of a leaf and petiole that grows from an apical meristem.


lower leaf zone

lower leaf zone (plural lower leaf zones)

(botany) That part of a leaf and petiole that grows from a basal meristem.


antitropy

(botany) A disposition of opposed, asymmetric leaves where a pair of leaves displays bilateral symmetry.


heterophylly

(botany) Marked changes in leaf morphology induced by environmental conditions; the ability to display such changes.

(botany) Significant variation in leaf shape on a same plant.


homotropy

homotropy (usually uncountable, plural homotropies)

(botany) A disposition of opposed, asymmetric leaves where a pair of leaves is rotationally symmetric


precursor tip

Calque of German Vorläuferspitze, from Vorläufer (“forerunner, precursor”) + Spitze (“cusp,tip”).

(botany) The reduced upper leaf zone found on many monocotyledons that usually takes the form of a cylindrical extension at the apex of the leaf.

(botany) Any thickened or glandular leaf tip that is distinguishable from the rest of the lamina's surface.


anisophylly

(botany) The growing by a plant of leaves in pairs with a significant difference in size between the two.

anisofilia

growth of pairs of different-sized leaves


petiolule

(botany) The petiole of a pinna or pinnule.


pinnation

pinnation (countable and uncountable, plural pinnations)

(botany) The organisation of a pinnate leaf.


pseudopetiole

(botany) The petiole of some monocotyledon leaves which is not part of the lower leaf zone.

(botany) A petiole-like constriction of the lamina or similar organ (such as a phyllode or phylloclade).

(botany) The morphologically distinct proximal section of a petiole to which stipules are attached.


tobacco mosaic

As is the case with tobacco mosaic, the disease has been successfully transmitted by inoculating healthy plants with juice pressed out of diseased plants.

1920, Journal of agricultural research, volume 19, page 131:

(phytopathology) A disease of tobacco plants, characterized by mottled leaves, caused by this virus.


pulvinoid

(botany) An area of tissue that swells on a permanent basis to reorient a plant part, most often a leaf or leaflet.


stipellar

(botany) Of, relating to, or constituting a stipel.


stipella

(botany, uncommon) Alternative form of stipel


stipellate

From stipel + -ate (adjective-forming suffix).


pseudostipule

(botany, usually in the plural) An often modified basal pair of leaflets of a compound leaf appearing very close to the stem.


phyllary

(botany) An individual bract within an involucre or involucel.


hypsophyll

(botany, archaic) Any of the flower parts derived from leaves, including petals, sepals, tepals, and bracts.


bracteole

(botany) A small leaf of leaf-like structure directly subtending a flower or inflorescence whose stalk itself is subtended by a bract.

plewinka

a bract subtending an inflorescence whose stalk itself is subtended by a bract

(botany) A bract subtending an individual flower rather than an inflorescence.


stipel

The phaseoloid clade is characterised by some members of all groups having stipels, and desmodioid root nodules which export ureides […]

2000, Patrick S. Herendeen, Anne Bruneau, P. S. Pollard, Advances in Legume Systematics (part 9, page 13)

(botany) A stipule associated with a leaflet rather than a complete leaf.


leaf sheath

(botany) A structure at the base of a leaf's petiole that partly surrounds or protect the stem or another organ that it subtends.


involucel

(botany) An involucre that forms at the base of a flower cluster within a compound inflorescence.


extrapetiolar stipule

en-noun

extrapetiolar stipule (plural extrapetiolar stipules)

(botany) A stipule located 90° from the point of insertion of its corresponding petiole.


cataphyll

From cata- + -phyll; intended as translation of German Niederblatt, literally, “lower leaf”.

(botany) A leaf, sometimes abortive, sometimes persistent, that does not develop into a photosynthetic structure, but instead fulfills protective or storage functions. Examples include cotyledons, bud-scales, glochids, rhizome-scales, and bulb-scales.

catáfilo

a leaf that fulfils protective or storage functions


multiserial

(zoology, botany) Arranged in multiple rows


uniserial

(zoology, botany) Having a single row or series; unbranched; uniseriate.


deflex

en-verb

deflex (third-person singular simple present deflexes, present participle deflexing, simple past and past participle deflexed)

deflexes (present singular third-person)
deflexing (participle present)
deflexed (participle past)
deflexed (past)


stramineous

en-adj

stramineous (comparative more stramineous, superlative most stramineous)

more stramineous (comparative)
most stramineous (superlative)

From Latin strāmineus, from strāmen (“straw”).


HRV

en-noun

HRV (countable and uncountable, plural HRVs)

Holmes ribgrass virus
Holmes ribgrass virus#English

(virology, botany) Initialism of Holmes ribgrass virus., an RNA virus of plants


abjoint

en-verb

abjoint (third-person singular simple present abjoints, present participle abjointing, simple past and past participle abjointed)

abjoints (present singular third-person)
abjointing (participle present)
abjointed (participle past)
abjointed (past)

/ˈæbˌd͡ʒɔɪnt/

/æbˈd͡ʒɔɪnt/

(transitive, botany, mycology) To form by cutting off as a protrusion from a parent cell.

(intransitive, botany, mycology) To separate from the hypha of a fungus by the formation of a septum.


adversifoliate

(botany) Having leaves placed opposite each other on a stem.


arundinaceous

en-adj

arundinaceous (comparative more arundinaceous, superlative most arundinaceous)

more arundinaceous (comparative)
most arundinaceous (superlative)

From Latin arundinaceus, from arundo (“reed”).

(botany) Of, pertaining to, or resembling a reed or cane

arundináceo

of, pertaining to, or resembling a reed or cane


barbellate

barbellate (comparative more barbellate, superlative most barbellate)

more barbellate (comparative)
most barbellate (superlative)

(botany) Having a covering of fine barbs, quills, spines or thorns


biferous

(botany) Bearing flowers or fruit twice each year


bifarious

(botany) In two rows (on opposite sides of a branch etc.)


biflorous

Latin bis twice + flos, floris (“flower”) + English -ous.


bigeneric

It's a bigeneric hybrid, they don't come in nature like that.

1934, Rex Stout, Fer-de-Lance, Bantam, published 1992, →ISBN, page 93:

(botany) Describing an (infertile) cross between plants belonging to different genera.


bipalmate

(botany) Describing leaves that have a palmate structure on petioles that are themselves palmate


bracteose

bracteose (comparative more bracteose, superlative most bracteose)

more bracteose (comparative)
most bracteose (superlative)


vitta

(botany) An oil tube in the fruit of some plants.


calciphilous

calciphilous (comparative more calciphilous, superlative most calciphilous)

more calciphilous (comparative)
most calciphilous (superlative)

(botany, of a plant) Suited to a calcareous soil


calciphobous

calciphobous (comparative more calciphobous, superlative most calciphobous)

more calciphobous (comparative)
most calciphobous (superlative)

(botany, of a plant) Not suited to a calcareous soil


calceiform

calceiform (comparative more calceiform, superlative most calceiform)

more calceiform (comparative)
most calceiform (superlative)

From Latin calceus (“calceus, footwear”) + English -form (“-shaped”) after the model of French calcéiforme.

(chiefly botany) Shoe-shaped, shaped like a shoe.


capsuliferous

capsuliferous (comparative more capsuliferous, superlative most capsuliferous)

more capsuliferous (comparative)
most capsuliferous (superlative)


caulicolous

(botany) That grows parasitically on the stems of other plants


caulocarpous

caulocarpous (comparative more caulocarpous, superlative most caulocarpous)

more caulocarpous (comparative)
most caulocarpous (superlative)

(botany) Bearing flowers and fruit on the stem or branches from year to year (as ordinary shrubs and trees)


caulicle

Borrowed from Latin cauliculus (“little stalk”). Doublet of cauliculus.

bor+

(botany) A small stalk or stem, especially the rudimentary stalk of a seed embryo


cauliferous

From caulis + -ferous, or directly from New Latin caulifer, cauliferus.


cauliflorous

en-adj

cauliflorous (comparative more cauliflorous, superlative most cauliflorous)

more cauliflorous (comparative)
most cauliflorous (superlative)


catenulate

(botany, zoology) In the form of a chain of linked parts


certation

(botany) Competition in the pollination behaviour of genotypes.


chylocaulous

From German chylocaul (from chyl- + Ancient Greek καυλός (kaulós, “stem”)) + English -ous.

(botany) Having fleshy / succulent stems


circumnutate

en-verb

circumnutate (third-person singular simple present circumnutates, present participle circumnutating, simple past and past participle circumnutated)

circumnutates (present singular third-person)
circumnutating (participle present)
circumnutated (participle past)
circumnutated (past)

(botany) to bend in a direction that is continuously moving in a horizontal direction


circumscissile

(botany) Describing any seed-vessel that splits along a circumference, with the upper part coming off as a lid.


coadunate

en-adj

coadunate (comparative more coadunate, superlative most coadunate)

more coadunate (comparative)
most coadunate (superlative)

See co- and Latin adūnō (“I unite, make one”).

(botany) Closely joined (by growing together)


glome

Borrowed from Latin glomus (“a ball”). Compare globe.

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-glome.wav


rumex

(botany) Any plant of the genus Rumex; a dock or sorrel.


gamophyllous

Coordinate term: apophyllous

(botany) Composed of leaves or segments (e.g. perianth) united by their edges.


gametophore

(botany) in ferns, the bearer of sex organs


fire blight

en-noun

fire blight (countable and uncountable, plural fire blights)

Pear growers also often reported scab and fire blights as the most damaging diseases.

1949, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Information Bulletin, page xv:

This paper reports on the transformation of apple aimed on an improvement of resistance to fire blight. Fire blight is a serious disease, caused by the bacterium Erwinia amylovora, affecting apple, pear and other members of the Rosaceous family.

2003, Viola Hanke, Klaus Geider, Klaus Richter, “Transgenic Apple Plants Expressing EPS-depolymerase: Evaluation of resistance to the phytopathogenic bacterium Erwinia amylovora”, in Indra K. Vasil, editor, Plant Biotechnology 2002 and Beyond: Proceedings of the 10th IAPTC&B Congress, page 153:

A very serious bacterial disease in North America and Europe is fire blight, which can be most destructive to pears. In the past, fire blight led to big losses in the USA, destroying established pear orchards in one season.

2008, A. T. G. Elzebroek, Guide to Cultivated Plants, page 82:

(phytopathology) A bacterial plant disease, caused by Erwinia amylovora, that affects apples, pears and some other members of the Rosaceae family.


elater

From New Latin elatēr, from Ancient Greek ἐλατήρ (elatḗr, “driver, that which drives away”).

der

The closest affinities of the Jubulaceae are with the Lejeuneaceae. The two families share in common: (a) elaters usually 1-spiral, trumpet-shaped and fixed to the capsule valves, distally[…]

(botany) A long, slender cell produced among spores and having hygroscopic secondary cell wall thickenings.

(botany) Any of the long, slender hygroscopic appendages attached to the spores of horsetails (genus Equisetum).


bistratose

The capsule in both families is spherical, with a bistratose wall; the outer cell layer usually bears nodular thickenings[…]; the inner layer (of nearly equally large cells) lacks the regular semiannular or annular thickenings of most other leafy liverworts[…]

1992, Rudolf M[athias] Schuster, The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America: East of the Hundredth Meridian, volume V, Chicago, Ill.: Field Museum of Natural History, →ISBN, page 6:

(anatomy, botany) Composed of two cell layers.


obpyriform

(botany) Having a shape that is in outline like that of a pear, with the base at the narrower end.


explanate

en-adj

explanate (comparative more explanate, superlative most explanate)

more explanate (comparative)
most explanate (superlative)


calyptra

en-noun

calyptra (plural calyptras or calyptrae)

From Ancient Greek καλύπτρα (kalúptra, “covering or veiling”).

der

(b) sporophyte with foot reduced, the entire sporophyte enveloped by the calyptra, which is ± stipitate at the base.

(botany) In bryophytes, a thin, hood of tissue that forms from the archegonium and covers the developing sporophyte and is shed as it ripens.

(botany) any cap-like covering of a flower or fruit, such as the operculum over the unopened buds of Eucalyptus flowers

(botany) Any of various coverings at the tips of structures, in the terminology of various authors; for example rootcaps and the apical cells of trichomes.


lenticula

en-noun

lenticula (plural lenticulas or lenticulae)

From Latin lenticula. See lenticel. Doublet of lentil.


leaf insertion

The Chilean Amphijubula Schust. (Schuster, 1970a) which has the facies of a small Frullania and agrees with Frullania in leaf insertion and branching, has a nontiered seta with 16 epidermal cell rows surrounding 4 inner rows.

(botany) In liverworts, the angle and orientation of the plane of the leaves with respect to the axis of the stem.


menthaceous

en-adj

menthaceous (comparative more menthaceous, superlative most menthaceous)

more menthaceous (comparative)
most menthaceous (superlative)

(botany) mint-like (of genus Mentha, tribe Mentheae, or the obsolete family Menthaceae).


crenature

(botany) A rounded tooth or notch of a crenate leaf, or any part that is crenate; a crenelle.


columniferous

columniferous (comparative more columniferous, superlative most columniferous)

more columniferous (comparative)
most columniferous (superlative)


capitulescence

(botany) A compound inflorescence made of capitula instead of individual flowers.


conceptacle

(phycology) A cavity in some marine algae that contains the reproductive organs.

(botany) A pericarp of one valve; a follicle.


concolorate

(botany, zoology) Having a uniform colour


ferrugo

Borrowed from Latin ferrūgō (“iron rust”), from ferrum (“iron”).


perigonium

(botany) The sterile parts of a flower; collectively, the sepals and petals (or tepals); the perianth.

(botany) The modified leaves around the antheridia in a bryophytic plant.


sporosac

(botany) A hydrozoan reproductive zooid or simple form of gonophore which does not become medusoid in form or structure


gonophore

(botany) An elongated receptacle above the corolla to elevate the stamens and carpels.


conduplication

en-noun

conduplication (countable and uncountable, plural conduplications)

(botany) An instance of being conduplicate


conduplicate

(botany) Of leaves: folded (doubled) lengthwise.


conferruminate

en-adj

conferruminate (comparative more conferruminate, superlative most conferruminate)

more conferruminate (comparative)
most conferruminate (superlative)

The cotyledons of the live-oak acorn are conferruminate.

(botany) Closely united by the coalescence of contiguous faces.


percurrent

From Latin percurrens, present participle of percurrere (“to run or pass through”), from per (“through”) + currere (“to run”).

(botany) Running through the entire length; running through from top to bottom, as the midrib of a dicotyledonous leaf, the nerve of a moss-leas, or a grass-palet, etc.


dicentra

(botany) Any of the plant genus Dicentra.


digitation

en-noun

digitation (countable and uncountable, plural digitations)

/dɪdʒɪˈteɪʃən/

(zoology, botany) Any of various finger-like processes (outgrowths) found in plant and animal tissues.


alternifoliate

(botany) Having leaves that alternate on each side of a stem


chelone

(botany) Chelone, a genus of four species of perennial herbaceous plants that are native to eastern North America.


mycobiont

(lichenology) The fungus that is a component of a lichen


phytelephantoid

(botany) Describing palms of the subfamily Phytelephantoideae, now considered to be the tribe Phytelepheae


isohydric

(botany) Describing plants that limit transpiration in order to maintain a constant amount of water in the leaves


frustule

Borrowed from Latin frustulum, from frustum (“morsel”).

(botany) The siliceous shell of a diatom.


epithecal

The epithecal covering of the outer is annulated by low ridges and shallow grooves...Fine, close-set, concentric lines, probably representing lines of growth, are obscurely shown on a few of the better preserved portions of the epithecal surface.

1919, G.M. Ehlers, “New Species of Tetracoralla”, in The American journal of science, volume XLVIII:

(microbiology, planktology) Of or pertaining to the epitheca, the upper half of the shell of certain types of plankton.


epitheca

Ancient Greek ἐπί (epí, “upon”) + θήκη (thḗkē, “case, box, receptacle”)

Cellariiform, the orifices nearly confined to the convex frontal and lateral surfaces; the basal surface with a strong median calcareous keel, almost concealed by a flat membranous epitheca, which covers the whole zoarium […]

1957, Sidney Frederic Harmer, The Polyzoa of the Siboga Expedition, page 1106:

(microbiology, planktology) The upper half of the theca of a thecate protist such as a diatom or dinoflagellate.


basidiolichen

(lichenology) Any lichen in which the fungus is a member of the Basidiomycota


synoecious

Occasional plants of var. viridulus have a synoecious inflorescence but are otherwise typical of the variety.

1980, Anthony John Edwin Smith, Ruth Smith, The moss flora of Britain and Ireland, page 192:

(botany) With male and female organs in the same structure.


monadelphy

(botany) Presence of monadelphous stamen.


tetradelphy

(botany) Presence of tetradelphous stamen.


pentadelphy

(botany) Presence of pentadelphous stamen.


triadelphy

(botany) Presence of triadelphous stamen.


synanthery

(botany, uncommon) The property of being synantherous.


polyadelphy

(botany) Presence of polyadelphous stamen.


synandry

(botany) Characteristic of a synandrous flower, or a plant bearing such.


synantherous

(botany, uncommon) Having stamens that are fused by the anthers, usually with the filaments not being fused.


synandrous

(botany) Having stamen fused along both their filaments and anthers.

(botany, rare) Having stamens fused together in any way.


tetradelphous

From tetra- + Ancient Greek ἀδελφός (adelphós) + -ous.

(botany) Having its stamens fused together at least partly by the filaments so that they form four separate groups, some of which may contain a single stamen.


diadelphous

From di- + Ancient Greek ἀδελφός (adelphós) + -ous.

(botany) Of a flower, or the plant bearing it: having the stamens fused together at least partly by the filaments so that they form two separate bundles, or a bundle and a lone separate stamen.


triadelphous

From tri- + Ancient Greek ἀδελφός (adelphós) + -ous.

(botany) Having its stamens fused together at least partly by the filaments so that they form three separate groups, some of which may contain a lone stamen.


syngenecious

(botany, archaic or very rare) Alternative form of syngenesious


protandrous

(botany) Whose male parts (anthers) becomes mature before the female ones (stigma).

(botany) Whose male parts (antheridia) release their spermatozoids before the female parts (archegonia) mature.


pentadelphous

From penta- + Ancient Greek ἀδελφός (adelphós) + -ous.

(botany) Of a flower or plant: having its stamens fused together at least partly by the filaments so that they form five separate groups, some of which may contain a single stamen.


diadelphy

(botany) Presence of diadelphous stamen.


medifixed

(botany) Of an anther group: attached to the filament at a point somewhere along the length of its connective.


latrorse

(botany) Said of anthers dehiscing laterally, neither toward nor away from the center of the flower.


apicifixed

(botany) Said of anthers that are attached to the filament at the top and pointing back toward the filament like a hook.


dorsifixed

(botany) Said of anthers that are attached to the filament somewhere along their back.


basifixed

(botany) Of anthers: attached to the filament at the base and pointing away from the filament.


rhytidome

rhytidome (usually uncountable, plural rhytidomes)

From Ancient Greek ῥυτίδωμα (rhutídōma, “wrinkle”), from ῥυτιδόω (rhutidóō, “to wrinkle”), from ῥυτίς (rhutís, “wrinkle”).

der

(botany) The dead layers of plant bark (undergoing or having undergone secondary growth) external to that of the last formed periderm http://i.word.com/idictionary/rhytidome.


crustose

Borrowed from Latin crustōsus (“with a hard crust”).

Fruticose lichens drape and tuft; crustose and squamulose lichens creep and seep; foliose lichens layer and flake.

2020, Merlin Sheldrake, Entangled Life, page 84:

(lichenology) Of a lichen, growing tightly appressed to the substrate.


electrotropism

(biology, botany) Growth or motion in response to an electric field.


rubus

(botany) Any of the genus Rubus of flowering plants, including the raspberry and blackberry.


senecio

(botany) Any of the plants of the genus Senecio.


verticil

(chiefly botany) A whorl, a group of similar parts such as leaves radiating from a shared axis


thalline

en-adj

thalline (comparative more thalline, superlative most thalline)

more thalline (comparative)
most thalline (superlative)


gemmation

en-noun

gemmation (countable and uncountable, plural gemmations)

(botany) arrangement of buds on the stalk


rejuvenescence

rejuvenescence (countable and uncountable, plural rejuvenescences)

(botany) The escape of the protoplasm of a cell and its conversion into a cell of a different character, as in certain algae.


sclerosed

en-adj

sclerosed (comparative more sclerosed, superlative most sclerosed)

more sclerosed (comparative)
most sclerosed (superlative)

Back-formation from sclerosis. The verb sclerose was derived from sclerosed (adj). Compare also diagnose (verb).


strigose

strigose (comparative more strigose, superlative most strigose)

more strigose (comparative)
most strigose (superlative)

/ˈstɹaɪɡəʊs/

From Latin striga (“row, strip, swath”) + -ose; compare strigosus.

(botany) Having stiff hairs, pressed together.


resupinate

resupinate (comparative more resupinate, superlative most resupinate)

more resupinate (comparative)
most resupinate (superlative)

(botany) Having the appearance of being upside down


procambium

(botany) A meristem that lies just inside the protoderm and develops into primary xylem and primary phloem


Michaelmas daisy

en-noun

Michaelmas daisy (plural Michaelmas daisies)

He stood across in the other garden, beside a bush of pale Michaelmas daisies, watching the last bees crawl into the hive.

1913, D[avid] H[erbert] Lawrence, “chapter 12”, in Sons and Lovers, London: Duckworth & Co. […], →OCLC:

There was a lavatory at the end of the garden beyond a scraggy clump of Michaelmas daisies that never looked well in themselves, always sere, never blooming, the perennial ghosts of themselves, as if ill-nourished by an exhausted soil.

1976, Angela Carter, “The Mother Lode”, in Shaking a Leg, Vintage, published 2013, page 3:

(botany) Any of several species and hybrids of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae, particularly in the genera Aster or Symphyotrichum; a flower of any such plant.


melaleuca

From genus name, translingual Melaleuca.

[H]e passed on, upsetting nothing, completely unnoticed by the peewee birds and crows resting in the silent melaleuca trees and paperbark woodland […]

2006, Alexis Wright, Carpentaria, Giramondo, published 2012, page 294:

(botany) Any member of the genus Melaleuca of shrubs and trees in the myrtle family.


laciniate

From Latin lacinia (“flap or edge of a garment”) + -ate (adjective-forming suffix).

af

(botany, zoology) Cut into deep irregular usually pointed lobes.


distichous

(botany) Arranged in two rows on each side of an axis.

kaksitahoinen

arranged in two rows on each side of an axis


inflexed

en-adj

inflexed (comparative more inflexed, superlative most inflexed)

more inflexed (comparative)
most inflexed (superlative)


agrestal

agrestal (comparative more agrestal, superlative most agrestal)

more agrestal (comparative)
most agrestal (superlative)

(botany) That grows wild in cultivated fields


orthotropous

(botany, of an ovule) Growing straight and having the micropyle at the apex


echium

(botany) Any member of the genus Echium of flowering plants.


velamen

(botany) A spongy, usually pale, multiseriate epidermis (i.e. consisting of multiple layers of cells) covering the roots of some kinds of plants, especially plant species with an epiphytic or semi-epiphytic habit. Examples include various orchid and Clivia species


acrocarpous

acrocarpous (comparative more acrocarpous, superlative most acrocarpous)

more acrocarpous (comparative)
most acrocarpous (superlative)

(botany) Developing the archegonium on the summit of the primary stem; fruiting at tips, in the manner of mosses.


substem

(botany) One of several plant stems splitting off from a main stem.


unguiculate

unguiculate (comparative more unguiculate, superlative most unguiculate)

more unguiculate (comparative)
most unguiculate (superlative)

(botany) Having a claw or narrow base, like the petal in some flowers.


caryophyllaceous

(botany) Of or pertaining to the pinks (of family Caryophyllaceae), especially describing plants that have their distinctive corollas


biternate

(botany) Having ternate leaves, each division of which is itself ternate


footstalk

(botany) A stalk (such as a peduncle or pedicel) that supports another structure.


extrafloral

Bullhorn acacia ants live off extrafloral nectar [...] and protein-rich Beltian bodies [...] of the host tree.

2016, Justin O. Schmidt, The Sting of the Wild, Johns Hopkins University Press, →ISBN, page 26:

(botany) Describing a nectary that is situated on a leaf or stem rather than in a flower


ternate

(botany) Having three divisions (or leaflets)


perennate

en-verb

perennate (third-person singular simple present perennates, present participle perennating, simple past and past participle perennated)

perennates (present singular third-person)
perennating (participle present)
perennated (participle past)
perennated (past)

(botany) To survive from one growing season to the next


penicillate

en-adj

penicillate (comparative more penicillate, superlative most penicillate)

more penicillate (comparative)
most penicillate (superlative)

(botany, zoology) Having tufts of fine hairs, or in the form of a tuft of fine hairs.


pseudanthium

From pseudo- + Ancient Greek ἄνθος (ánthos) + -ium.

affix

(botany) An inflorescence that looks and functions as if it were a single flower.


carpophore

(botany) A thin stalk that raises the pistil above the stamens in some plants.


monstera

She watered the monstera plant by the window, which was uncurling a new leaf.

2022, Yara Rodrigues Fowler, there are more things, Abacus (2023), page 278:

(botany) Any of the plants of the genus Monstera, known for their holey leaves.


sorosis

From Ancient Greek σωρός (sōrós, “heap”).

The fruit of pineapple is a sorosis developing from numerous sessile flowers that are connote with their subtending bracts and with one another.

2017, Maria Gloria Lobo, Robert E. Paull, Handbook of Pineapple Technology:

(botany) Any multiple fruit, usually fleshy, that is derived from the multiple ovaries in an infructescence. Such a structure typically includes remnants of floral tissues such as the perianth. Examples include the mulberry and pineapple.


surculose

en-adj

surculose (comparative more surculose, superlative most surculose)

more surculose (comparative)
most surculose (superlative)

Compare Latin surculosus (“woody”). See surcle.

(botany) Producing suckers or sucker-like shoots.


succubous

If the apical cell is slightly antically displaced, a succubous orientation of the leaf rudiments results […]

1966 October, Rudolf M[athias] Schuster, The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America: East of the Hundredth Meridian, volume I, New York, N.Y.; London: Columbia University Press, →OCLC, page 482:

(botany) Describing an arrangement of leaves such that proximal (posterior) parts of older leaves overlap the distal (anterior) parts of younger ones.


heterostyly

(botany) The condition of having unequal styles


incubous

If the apical cell is slightly postically displaced, an incubous orientation of the leaf rudiments ensues […]

1966 October, Rudolf M[athias] Schuster, “Morphology of the Vegetative Organs”, in The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America: East of the Hundredth Meridian, volume I, New York, N.Y.; London: Columbia University Press, →OCLC, page 482:

(botany) Describing an arrangement of leaves such that distal (anterior) parts of older leaves overlap the proximal (posterior) parts of younger ones.


orthogamous

orthogamous (comparative more orthogamous, superlative most orthogamous)

more orthogamous (comparative)
most orthogamous (superlative)


orthogamy

(botany) fertilization of the ovules of a plant by pollen from the same plant


lodicule

(botany) A small scale at the base of the ovary of a flower of a grass


metaphyta

(biology, botany) All multicellular plants, of the subkingdom Embryophyta.


agamospermy

(botany) The asexual production of embryos and seeds.


fenestrate

fenestrate (comparative more fenestrate, superlative most fenestrate)

more fenestrate (comparative)
most fenestrate (superlative)

From Latin fenestrō, from fenestra (“window”).

(zoology, botany) Having transparent spots, like the wings of certain butterflies.


valvate

valvate (comparative more valvate, superlative most valvate)

more valvate (comparative)
most valvate (superlative)

From valve + -ate (adjective-forming suffix).

flowers with valvate petals

(botany) Meeting at the edges without overlapping.


obdiplostemonous

[...] the stamens, which are definite in number, normally obdiplostemonous (namely, the stamens are in two alternating whorls, those of the outer whorl opposite the petals – see Fig. 102) [...]

1978, Hsüan Keng, Ro-Siu Ling Keng, Orders and families of Malayan seed plants: synopsis of orders and families of Malayan gymnosperms, dicotyledons, and monocotyledons, NUS Press, page 173:

This arrangement led van Steenis (1932) to hypothesize an obdiplostemonous ancestor for the family.

1990, Klaus Kubitzki, Karl Ulrich Kramer, P. S. Green, Jens G. Rohwer, Volker Bittrich, The Families and genera of vascular plants, volume 6, Springer, page 435:

Diplostemonous and obdiplostemonous flowers may also occur in the same family (e.g. Rutaceae); Zygophyllaceae are obdiplostemonous, Liliaceae are diplostemonous.

1996, Peter K. Endress, Diversity and evolutionary biology of tropical flowers, Cambridge University Press, page 96:

In the genus Mitella the androecium can exceptionally be more variable, ranging from obdiplostemonous to (ob)haplostemonous arrangements.

2010, Louis P. Ronse De Craene, Floral Diagrams: An Aid to Understanding Flower Morphology and Evolution, Cambridge University Press, page 203:

(botany, of flowers) Having two sets of stamens in alternating whorls, with the outer whorl opposite the petals.


urceolus

From Latin urceolus (“a little pitcher”).

(botany) Any urn-shaped organ of a plant.


iridaceous

iridaceous (comparative more iridaceous, superlative most iridaceous)

more iridaceous (comparative)
most iridaceous (superlative)

(botany) Of or pertaining to the irises (of family Iridaceae)


heptamerous

Formed in English as hepta- + -merous, as opposed to the apparent surface analysis of heptamer + -ous; compare the Ancient Greek ἑπτᾰμερής (heptămerḗs, “having seven parts”).

cog

(botany) Comprising seven parts or members, as with seven petals on a flower.


crispate

en-adj

crispate (comparative more crispate, superlative most crispate)

more crispate (comparative)
most crispate (superlative)

(botany) Having curled, wavy or notched edges


phanerogamic

(botany) That reproduces via seeds (rather than spores)


indumentum

(botany) A surface covering of any kind of trichomes, e.g. hairs, scales.


hemiparasite

Most mistletoes are "hemiparasites." This means they don't rely on their hosts for all their needs: Instead, they harvest the sun's energy to make some sugars for themselves. Nonetheless, if you're a tree, you don't want to be festooned with them. Two or three shouldn't be a problem, but dozens of mistletoes can lead to water stress, insect infestation or even death.

2014 December 23, Olivia Judson, “The hemiparasite season [print version: Under the hemiparasite, International New York Times, 24–25 December 2014, p. 7]”, in The New York Times:

(botany) Any parasitic plant that obtains energy by photosynthesis as well as from its host


gemmule

Borrowed from French gemmule, from Latin gemmula (“small bud; small gem”), from gemma (“bud of a plant; gem, jewel; thing made of precious stones”) (further etymology uncertain; possibly from Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁- (“to beget, give birth; to produce”), but see further at that entry) + -ula (feminine form of -ulus (diminutive suffix)).

der

To what do this cavity which contains the gemmule, this thin layer which covers it, correspond? We have stated that the cotyledon is nothing else than the first leaf of the little vegetable, and the gemmule the union of the leaves which will follow it.

1849, Adrien[-Henri] de Jussieu, “Ovule and Seed”, in James Hewetson Wilson, transl., The Elements of Botany, London: John Van Voorst, […], →OCLC, § 579 (Monocotyledonous Embryo), page 442:

The embryo is composed of cells and spiral vessels; a small stem, or stalklet; a rudimentary descending portion, which becomes the root or radicle; and a rudimentary ascending axis, surrounded by a bud, or gemmule. Between the radicle and the gemmule, the first leaves developed are termed cotyledons: a plant having leaves like seed-lobes.

1867, Louis Figuier, “The Fruit”, in [anonymous], transl., The Vegetable World; being a History of Plants, with Their Botanical Descriptions and Peculiar Properties. […], London: Chapman and Hall, […], →OCLC, part I, page 169:

The incipient apical meristem (gemmule) is located between the two cotyledons of the mature embryo and consists of a pocket of approximately 200 meristematic cells[…].

1992, Michael G. Mullins, Alain Bouquet, Larry E. Williams, “The Structure of the Grapevine: Vegetative and Reproductive Anatomy”, in Biology of the Grapevine (Biology of Horticultural Crops), Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, New York, N.Y.: Cambridge University Press, published 2003, →ISBN, page 38:

(botany) Synonym of plumule (“the first bud, or growing point, of a plant embryo, situated above the cotyledons”)


phanerogam

/ˈfænəɹəɡæm/

From Ancient Greek φανερός (phanerós, “visible”) + γαμέω (gaméō, “to marry”); compare cryptogam.

Among phanerogams (seed plants), only two orders of gymnosperms, the Cycadales and the Ginkgoales, have ciliated motile sperm cells; all others (higher gymnosperms and angiosperms) have nonmotile sperm cells or sperm nuclei.

1977, Francesco D'Amato, Nuclear Cytology in Relation to Development, page 8:

The stomach contents of the Selerikanka horse contained 116 taxa: 96 phanerogams, 20 cryptogams. Among the phanerogams were 12 tree species, 14 species of shrubs and dwarf-shrubs, as well as 72 species of herbs and very small dwarf-shrubs.

2003, Burkhard Frenzel, “History of Flora and Vegetation During the Quaternary”, in Karl Esser, Ulrich Lüttge, Wolfram Beyschlag, Jin Murata, editors, Progress in Botany, volume 65, page 591:

Generally speaking, the ranges of most cryptogams are geographically broader than those of phanerogams, and many more species are widely disjunct over the world.

2005, Mark Nuttall, Encyclopedia of the Arctic, unnumbered page:

(botany) Any plant that produces seeds (rather than spores).


ceroid

en-adj

ceroid (comparative more ceroid, superlative most ceroid)

more ceroid (comparative)
most ceroid (superlative)


ceroid

(botany) A plant resembling a cereus cactus.


primulaceous

(botany) Characteristic of the primrose and other plants of the family Primulaceae.


equitant

From Latin equitans, equitantis, present participle of equitō (“I ride on horseback”), from eques (“horseman”), from equus (“horse”).


cladode

From New Latin cladodium, from Ancient Greek κλᾰ́δος (klắdos, “young slip of a tree”).

der

(botany) A flattened organ arising from the stem of a plant, often replacing the leaves in photosynthetic function, as leaves in such plants (for example asparagus, butchers broom) are typically reduced to scales.


cerastium

mouse-eared chickweed
mouse-eared chickweed

(botany) Any of several plants of the genus Cerastium, such as mouse-eared chickweed


shootless

a shootless orchid


bacteriosis

en-noun

bacteriosis (countable and uncountable, plural bacterioses)

/bækˌtɪəɹ.ɪˈəʊsɪs/

(pathology, botany) Any infection by bacteria


hypericum

Wikispecies hypericum (canonical)
hypericums (plural)

From the genus name, translingual Hypericum, itself from Latin hypericum, from Ancient Greek ὑπερικόν (huperikón), from ὑπέρ (hupér, “over”) + ἐρείκη (ereíkē, “heath”).

(botany) Any of many flowering plants of the genus Hypericum, St. John's worts.


parenchymatous

From the stem of Koine Greek παρέγχυμα (parénkhuma) + -ous. Compare parenchymal, parenchymous, parenchymatic.

The great fertility of the Cotton-plant in these fine flexile threads, whilst those from Flax, Hemp, and Nettles, or from the bark of the Mulberry-tree, require a previous putrefaction of the parenchymatous substance, and much mechanical labour, and afterwards bleaching, renders this plant of great importance to the world.

1789, Erasmus Darwin, The Loves of the Plants, J. Johnson, page 57:

(botany) Consisting of or relating to the cellular tissue making up the softer parts of leaves, pulp of fruits, bark and pith of stems, etc.


connivant

en-adj

connivant (comparative more connivant, superlative most connivant)

more connivant (comparative)
most connivant (superlative)

(botany) Having the ends inclined towards each other


xerocolous

xerocolous (comparative more xerocolous, superlative most xerocolous)

more xerocolous (comparative)
most xerocolous (superlative)

(botany) tolerant of very dry conditions


capitellum

Borrowed from Latin capitellum, diminuitive of Latin caput (“head”), from Proto-Indo-European *kauput- (English head), itself from Proto-Indo-European *kap-. Doublet of caddie, cadel, cadet, capital, caudillo, and Kadet.

doublet

(botany, anatomy, arachnology) Synonym of capitulum


isomerous

(botany) Having the same number of parts


tegmen

From New Latin, from Latin tegmen, syncopated form of tegimen.

(botany) An integument such as the inner membrane of the coat of a seed.


protologue

/ˈpɹəʊtəʊlɒɡ/

/ˈpɹəʊtəlɒɡ/

From Ancient Greek πρωτολόγος (prōtológos, “speaking first”).

bor

This is important, since the brief protologus of A. flava published in the Edinburgh Catalogus included only the first four lines from Solander’s original manuscript (our translation of Solander’s protologue: “calyx ovate, half the length of the upper petal claws, blade cordate-subrotund, stamens curved”) and therefore was incomplete and is inadequate for typification.

1987 July, Frederick Gustav Meyer, James W. Hardin, “Status of the name Aesculus flava Solander (Hippocastanaceae)” (pages 335–341), in S. A. Spongberg, E. B. Schmidt, P. S. Ashton, K. S. Bawa, P. F. Stevens, C. E. Wood, Jr., editors, Journal of the Arnold Arboretum, volume 68, number 3, Lawrence: Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University, →ISSN, →JSTOR, pages 338–339:

(botany, mycology) All the original material associated with a newly published name, comprising its description or diagnosis and any of a number of other elements such as illustrations, synonymy, etc.

protoloog

taxonomy: all the original material associated with a newly published name


sublateral

(botany) That develops from a lateral shoot or branch


emersed

en-adj

emersed (comparative more emersed, superlative most emersed)

more emersed (comparative)
most emersed (superlative)

(botany, of an aquatic plant) That rises above the surface.


dissepiment

From Latin dissepimentum (“a partition”).

(botany, zoology) partition (in an organ); septum


perigynous

From peri- + Ancient Greek γῠνή (gŭnḗ, “woman”) + -ous.

(botany) Having the stamens, petals or sepals situated around the ovary (especially, on the rim of the receptacle of a superior ovary).


anemochory

From anemo- (“wind”) + -chory (“seed dispersal”).

confix

(botany) The dispersal of seeds, spores, or fruit by wind.


parastichy

Ancient Greek παρά (pará) + στίχος (stíkhos, “row”).

As the name suggests, it is possible to trace spiral curves in the pattern. These curves are called parastichies. The parastichies winding in the same direction around the stem with the same pitch constitute one family of parastichies, and two easily perceived sets of parastichies winding in opposite direction are called a parastichy pair.

2012, Efi Fogel, CGAL Arrangements and Their Applications: A Step-by-Step Guide:

(botany) A secondary spiral of leaves or florets.


pneumatophore

(botany) An aerial root, in mangroves etc., specialized for gaseous exchange.


cotyliform

en-adj

cotyliform (comparative more cotyliform, superlative most cotyliform)

more cotyliform (comparative)
most cotyliform (superlative)


cypsela

(botany) An achene formed from an inferior bicarpellary ovary of which only one carpel develops into a seed, as in plants of the family Compositae.


barilla

en-noun

barilla (countable and uncountable, plural barillas)

(botany) Any of several not closely related saltmarsh plants that were once burnt to obtain soda ash, such as Soda inermis.


antiherbivore

We therefore propose that both the resin and the phenoloxidase of Larrea exhibit antiherbivore properties.

1977, Tom J. Mabry, Creosote bush: biology and chemistry of Larrea in New World deserts, page 155:


perennialize

en-verb

perennialize (third-person singular simple present perennializes, present participle perennializing, simple past and past participle perennialized)

perennializes (present singular third-person)
perennializing (participle present)
perennialized (participle past)
perennialized (past)

I recommend spending your bulb budget on bulbs that will perennialize in the garden, and if you need big tulips, purchase a bunch from the local florist.

2000, Tom Peace, Sunbelt Gardening: Success in Hot-Weather Climates, page 64:

(botany, intransitive) To return year after year as a perennial.

The quest here is one of several around the world, to perennialize everything from sorghum to chickpeas to sunflowers.

2007 June 5, Jim Robbins, “A Perennial Search for Perfect Wheat”, in New York Times:


pyxidium

From New Latin, from Ancient Greek πυξίδιον (puxídion), diminutive of πῠξῐ́ς (pŭxĭ́s, “box”).

Key to Species of Cariniana Inflorescence predominantly terminal and subterminal; pyxidium without teeth at line of opercular dehiscence.

1979, Organization for Flora Neotropica, New York Botanical Garden, Flora Neotropica: Issue 21, Part 1, p. 221

The pyxidium has the trigonoidly cylindrical or obconical form of that of Couratari, but it is much thicker, heavier, and more solid in substance.

1924, Samuel James Record, Clayton Dissinger Mell, Timbers of Tropical America, page 467:

The capsule of gold−beater's skin, in which the grubs of the Cione are enclosed, divides itself, at the moment of liberation, into two hemispheres "of a regularity so perfect that they recall exactly the bursting of the pyxidium when the seed is distributed".

1913, Georges Victor Legros, Fabre: Poet of Science, page 176:

A fruit of this kind is sometimes termed a pyxidium; that is, a little chest.

1836, Asa Gray, Elements of Botany, page 221:

(botany) A seed capsule in the form of a box, the seeds being released when the top splits off.


obvolve

obvolve (third-person singular simple present obvolves, present participle obvolving, simple past and past participle obvolved)

obvolves (present singular third-person)
obvolving (participle present)
obvolved (participle past)
obvolved (past)

(transitive, botany) To enfold or wrap around; to cover by wrapping.


accumbant

(botany) lying against the radicle of a seed


spicate

en-adj

spicate (comparative more spicate, superlative most spicate)

more spicate (comparative)
most spicate (superlative)

Latin spicatus, past participle of spicare (“to furnish with spikes, or ears”).

(botany) Having the form of a spike, or ear; arranged in a spike or spikes.


felicia

(botany) Any of the genus Felicia of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae.


ramentum

(botany) One of the thin brownish chaffy scales upon the leaves or young shoots of some plants, especially upon the petioles and leaves of ferns.


ovulum

From Late Latin ovulum, from Latin ovum + -ulum.


geitonogamy

From Ancient Greek γείτων (geítōn, “neighbour”, geitono-) + -gamy (“marriage”).

uder

(botany) Transfer of pollen grains from the anther of a flower to the stigma of another flower of the same plant.


sympodium

(botany) A pattern of branching, similar to dichotomous branching, where the axis or stem is morphologically made up of a series of superposed branches imitating a simple stem.

Sympodium

a pattern of branching, similar to dichotomous branching


replum

(botany) The framework of some pods, such as the cress, which remains after the valves drop off


septempartite

Latin septem (“seven”) + English partite

(botany) Exhibiting division into seven parts nearly to the base.

семичастный

botany: exhibiting division into seven parts nearly to the base


mast seeding

en-noun

mast seeding (usually uncountable, plural mast seedings)

(botany) An intermittently-occurring, synchronous production of large amounts of seed by a population of plants.


semicylindrical

en-adj

semicylindrical (comparative more semicylindrical, superlative most semicylindrical)

more semicylindrical (comparative)
most semicylindrical (superlative)

(botany) Of a leaf: elongated, flat on one side and round on the other.


eugenia

(botany) Any member of the genus Eugenia of myrtaceous plants.


ringspot

en-noun

ringspot (countable and uncountable, plural ringspots)

Disease name: Tobacco rattle Causal virus: Tobacco rattle virus Symptoms: Necrotic local lesions, necrotic or chlorotic ringspots, systemic necrosis, ringspots, line patterns, mottling are the various symptoms induced in tobacco depending on the environment and cultivars.

(phytopathology) A symptom of various viral infections in plants.


trica

Borrowed from New Latin trica, coined by Erik Acharius in his 1803 work Methodus qua omnes detectos Lichenes. Perhaps connected to Latin trīcae, although the semantic relationship is unclear.

(lichenology, obsolete, rare) An apothecium in certain lichens, having a spherical surface marked with spiral or concentric ridges and furrows.


lepal

From Ancient Greek λεπίς (lepís, “scale (of a fish); flake”); compare French lépale.

der

(botany, obsolete) A sterile transformed stamen.


sarmentum

Runner-bearing, viticulosæ. Throwing out runners, viticulæ, sarmenta, or flagella, which take root from space to space.

1821, Samuel Frederick Gray, “An Introduction to Botany”, in A Natural Arrangement of British Plants, With An Introduction to Botany, volume 1, page 42:


auxotonic

en-adj

auxotonic (comparative more auxotonic, superlative most auxotonic)

more auxotonic (comparative)
most auxotonic (superlative)

From auxo- (“increase, growth”) + tonic.

(botany) Relating to plant movement classified by growth as opposed to mature reactions to exogenous stimuli in surrounding environment.


syncarpous

(botany, of a pistil) Having carpels joined together


alabastrum

en-noun

alabastrum (plural alabastra or alabastrums)


locule

(botany) Any of the cells of a compound ovary of a plant; a loculus.


bullate

en-adj

bullate (comparative more bullate, superlative most bullate)

more bullate (comparative)
most bullate (superlative)

(botany) Having arched leaf tissue between each lateral vein, so that the veins appear depressed in the leaf surface.


synandrium

(botany) An androecium of which the anthers have been fused.


sarment

(botany) A long slender prostrate stem or runner, such as of the strawberry.


urad

Borrowed from Hindi उड़द (uṛad), ultimately from Proto-Dravidian *uẓuntu

(botany, India cooking) Vigna mungo, a South Asian bean used to make dal.


compital

(botany) Of the vein of a leaf, intersecting at a wide angle.


rotiform

rotiform (comparative more rotiform, superlative most rotiform)

more rotiform (comparative)
most rotiform (superlative)

Borrowed from Latin rota (“wheel”) + -iform.

(botany) Having a short tube and spreading limb.


stereome

(botany) A section of sclerenchyma at the base of a phyllary in some members of the Asteraceae.


-merous

From French -mère and its etymon Ancient Greek -μερής (-merḗs, “having (the specified number of) parts”, “sharing”): the combining form of μέρος (méros, “part”)) with the English suffix -ous; compare the English -mer and -mere, as well as the French -mère and the German -mer.

der

(chiefly botany and zoology, forming adjectives) Comprising the specified number of parts.


fritillaria

(botany) Any plant in the genus Fritillaria.


rubricose

en-adj

rubricose (comparative more rubricose, superlative most rubricose)

more rubricose (comparative)
most rubricose (superlative)


urticaceous

(botany) Of or pertaining to the family Urticaceae, which includes the nettles.


scyphus

Borrowed from Latin scyphus (“cup”), from Ancient Greek σκῠ́φος (skŭ́phos).

(botany) The cup of a narcissus, or a similar appendage to the corolla in other flowers.

(lichenology) A cup-shaped stem or podetium in lichens.


reptant

(chiefly botany, zoology) Creeping along the ground.


lacinia

Borrowed from Latin lacinia, the lappet or flap of a garment.

(botany) One of the narrow, jagged, irregular pieces or divisions which form a sort of fringe on the borders of the petals of some flowers.

(botany) A narrow, slender portion of the edge of a monophyllous calyx, or of any irregularly incised leaf.


angustate

angustate (comparative more angustate, superlative most angustate)

more angustate (comparative)
most angustate (superlative)

From Latin angustatus (“narrowed”), past participle of angustare (“to make narrow”).


convolutive

convolutive (comparative more convolutive, superlative most convolutive)

more convolutive (comparative)
most convolutive (superlative)


bijugate

(botany) Of a compound leaf, having two pairs of leaflets

(botany) Of leaf arrangement, having pairs of (opposite) leaves, spirally arranged, producing a double spiral


rubigo

/ɹuːˈbaɪɡəʊ/

Dr. Darwin supposes that the rubigo which shows itself in a ferruginous powder beneath the leaves of vegetables previously diseased, may be a fungus (like the eurisiphe or mildew)[…]

1804, Annals of agriculture and other useful arts:

(phytopathology, obsolete) rust (fungal disease of plants)


uredo

en-noun

uredo (countable and uncountable, plural uredos)

From Latin uredo (“a blast, blight, a burning itch”), from urere (“to burn or scorch”).

bor

(botany, countable) A summer stage in the life history of certain species of rust fungus (Uredinales), regarded at one time as a distinct genus, and preceding the teleutospore, or winter stage.


umbraculum

(botany) Any umbrella-shaped appendage, such as the cap borne on the seta of Marchantia.


paroecious

(bryology) Having the male and female reproductive organs in close proximity.


psammophilous

en-adj

psammophilous (comparative more psammophilous, superlative most psammophilous)

more psammophilous (comparative)
most psammophilous (superlative)

Psammophilous plants tend to have adaptations to resist damage from wind-blown sand.


cladoptosis

en-noun

cladoptosis (countable and uncountable, plural cladoptoses)

(botany) The regular shedding of branches by a plant, for clonal reproduction or growth management, or in response to stress.


obvolute

en-adj

obvolute (comparative more obvolute, superlative most obvolute)

more obvolute (comparative)
most obvolute (superlative)

Latin obvolutus, past participle of obvolvere to wrap around.

(botany) Having two opposite leaves, each with one edge overlapping the nearest edge of the other.

(botany) Having a circle of several leaves or petals which overlap in that manner.


decomposite

decomposite (comparative more decomposite, superlative most decomposite)

more decomposite (comparative)
most decomposite (superlative)


dissilient

dissilient (comparative more dissilient, superlative most dissilient)

more dissilient (comparative)
most dissilient (superlative)

From Latin dissiliens, dissilientis, present participle of dissilire (“to leap asunder”): dis- + salire (“to leap”).

We may, however, notice Impàtiens, merely for the purpose of alluding to the dissilient property of its capsules, which, when ripe, burst with such force as to scatter the seeds to a considerable distance around.

1835, James Main, Illustrations of Vegetable Physiology, […] , second edition, London: Orr and Smith, Paternoster-Row: Bradbury and Evans, Whitefrairs, pages 84–85:

a dissilient pericarp

(chiefly botany, but also in extended use) Forcefully breaking apart or bursting open; primed to do so; dehiscing explosively.


homoiohydric

homoiohydric (comparative more homoiohydric, superlative most homoiohydric)

more homoiohydric (comparative)
most homoiohydric (superlative)

(botany) Able to obtain water from the environment through a system of roots (or similar organs) rather than through the surface of leaves etc.


lychnis

(botany) Any of the genus Lychnis of flowering plants.


jugum

/ˈd͡ʒuː.ɡəm/

Borrowing from Latin jugum (“a yoke, collar; a pair of anything; the summit, ridge”). Doublet of yoke and yuga.

bor

(botany) One of the ridges commonly found on the fruit of umbelliferous plants.

(botany) A pair of opposite leaflets of a pinnate plant.


luticolous

en-adj

luticolous (comparative more luticolous, superlative most luticolous)

more luticolous (comparative)
most luticolous (superlative)

luticolous plants; a luticolous reptile

(botany, biology) Living on or in mud or muddy places.


euphorbiaceous

(botany) Belonging to the family Euphorbiaceae of spurges.


primocane

But Courtney Weber, a breeder at Cornell University, is working with Mr. Clark’s primocane selections to develop varieties that could be mown down before winter and fruit the next year.

2007 July 25, David Karp, “At Last, Sweet Blackberries Stay the Course”, in New York Times:

(botany, agronomy) A fruit cane in its first year of growth, especially that of a bramble.


gonidium

(lichenology, phycology) A photosynthetic algal cell in the thallus of a lichen; a similar asexual reproductive cell in some algae.


puya

From Spanish puya, from Mapudungun puüya.

The puya is a strange form of bromeliad, and the giant species grows ever so slowly for between 30 and 100 years and then sends a flower spike covered in 8000 florets about 9 metres (30 feet) up into the air, like a floral telegraph pole.

2000, Michael Bright, Wild South America, BBC Worldwide, published 2000, page 45:

(botany) A member of the genus Puya of bromeliad plants.


robinia

The remarkable feature of the woody planting at Buttes-Chaumont is the ‘profuse use’ of silver-leafed cedars, yellow-leafed robinias and copper-leafed beech trees.

2001, Alan Tate, “Parc des Buttes-Chaumont, Paris”, in Great City Parks, London, New York, N.Y.: Spon Press, published 2003, →ISBN, page 54, columns 1–2:

(botany) Any member of the genus Robinia.


gynaeceum

en-noun

gynaeceum (plural gynaeceums or gynaecea)

From Latin gynaecēum, gynaecīum, from Ancient Greek γυναικεῖον (gunaikeîon), from γυνή (gunḗ, “woman”). By surface analysis, gynaec- + -eum.

The androecium functions by providing the pollen-grains which are necessary to bring about fertilisation of the ovules in the gynaeceum.

1929, Arthur Henry Reginald Buller, Practical Botany, page 205:


lachenalia

“I have 60 different lachenalias, 10 different freesias, 25 moraeas,” Mr. Canning said, naming a few of his beauties, which, mixed in with big pots of camellias, will bloom from now through March.

2008 January 3, Anne Raver, “No Need to Fly South to See Blossoms in Winter”, in New York Times:

(botany) Any of the genus Lachenalia of bulbs.


bacopa

Decaying brains, or the fear thereof, have inspired a mini-industry of brain health products — not just supplements like coenzyme Q10, ginseng and bacopa, but computer-based fitter-brain products as well.

2008 May 3, Katie Hafner, “Exercise Your Brain, or Else You’ll ... Uh ...”, in New York Times:

(botany) Any of the genus Bacopa of aquatic plants, the water hyssops.


biotrophy

(botany, mycology) A parasitic relationship in which the parasite feeds on a living host organism without killing it


postical

antical

antonym(s) of “of side away from substrate”

From Latin postīcus (“posterior, hinder”).

(botany) Of or pertaining to the surface of a prostrate thallus that is oriented towards the substrate.


antical

The antical margin is entire, the apex is usually tipped with a single acuminate tooth, although a second smaller tooth is sometimes present at the antical base of the apical tooth, or the apex may even be subequally bispinose.

1914, Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, page 593:

(botany) Of or pertaining to the surface of a prostrate thallus that is oriented away from the substrate.


bifoliolate

(botany) Having two leaflets, as some compound leaves do.


ecostate

Borrowed from New Latin ecostatus, ecostata.

(botany, of a leaf) Having no ribs or nerves.


algological

(botany) Of or pertaining to algology (the study of algae).


amplectant

en-adj

amplectant (comparative more amplectant, superlative most amplectant)

more amplectant (comparative)
most amplectant (superlative)

(botany) That clasps a support, especially by twining around it


quinquenerved

(botany, rare) Having five nerves; said of a leaf with five nearly equal nerves or ribs rising from the end of the petiole.


quadrijugate

(botany) Pinnate, with four pairs of leaflets.


quadrivalve

a quadrivalve pericarp

(botany) dehiscent into four similar parts; four-valved


quinate

First attested in 1760. From the post-Classical Latin quīnātus, from the distributive numeral quīnī (“five each”, “five at a time”); compare binate, ternate, and quaternate, as well as the French quiné.

They are termed Binate, Ternate, or Quinate, growing two, three, or five together, according to the number of Folioles, of which the digitate Leaf consists.

1760, James Lee, An Introduction to Botany, Containing an Explanation of the Theory of That Science, and an Interpretation of Its Technical Terms, Extracted from the Works of Linnæus, book 3, chapter 6, page 183:

(botany, of a compound leaf) Featuring five leaflets growing from a single point; quinquefoliolate.


quinquefid

From Latin quinquefidus, variant of quinquifidus, from quinque (“five”) + -fidus, from findere (“to split”). Equivalent to quinque- + -fid.

a quinquefid leaf
a quinquefid corolla

(botany) Sharply cut about halfway to the middle or base into five segments.


quadrifarious

(botany) Arranged in four rows or ranks.


quinquefarious

From Latin quīnque (“five”) +ferō (“carry, bear”).

(botany, rare) Arranged in five vertical rows.


quinquefoliate

(botany) Having five leaves or leaflets.


quinquevalve

Sundew. Calyx quinquefid, five stamina, five styles, capsule unilocular, quinquevalve at the top, polyspermous.

1777, Stephen Robson, The British flora, page 105:

The quinquevalve shell with its inhabitant, hangs by a fleshy gut-like tube […]

1825, Johann Friedrich Blumenbach, Richard Thomas Gore, A manual of the elements of natural history, page 252:


polysperm

(botany) A tree whose fruit contains many seeds.


polysporangium

(botany) A sporangium that contains many spores

(botany) A sporangium that contains polyspores


polyspory

(botany) when more than 4 pollen grain are attached in a tetrad


polysporous

(botany) Having or producing many spores


quintate

First attested in verbal use in 1812, in adjectival use in 1851, and in nominal use in 1889; from the Classical Latin quīntus (“fifth”); in the verbal sense after decimate, and in the botanic senses by mistaken analogy with ternate.

Potentilla Reptans, Cinquefoil, a…European herb, with leaves which are usually quintate, and have thus given origin to the ordinary name of the plant.

1851, “The Dispensatory of the United States of America” (9th ed.), quoted in the Journal of Materia Medica XIV (1875), page 49

The radical leaves…are ternate or quintate, with lobed and dentate leaflets.

1880, Lucius Elmer Sayre, Conspectus of Organic Materia Medica and Pharmacal Botany, page 127:

The large quintate leaves constitute a luxuriant, glossy green foliage.

1882, Vick’s Monthly Magazine, V, page 167:

Leaves 1-2-pinnate or ternate- or quintate-pinnate, the ultimate divisions remote, linear, 1–5 cm long.

1952, Ray Joseph Davis, Flora of Idaho, page 515:


quintate

As to radiates, these are ternates and quintates, two in number,
From among which we “plucked the four-leaf clover.”

1889, Report of Proceedings … at the … Annual Meeting …, ? X-XVI, page 193:

(botany, rare) Misconstruction of quinate.


strig

(botany) A pedicel or footstalk, especially of a flowering or fruit-bearing plant, such as the currant.


cucullus

(botany) A hood-shaped organ, resembling a cowl or monk's hood, as of certain concave and arched sepals or petals.


matricaria

(botany) Any of the plants in the genus Matricaria.


antipetalous

(botany) Alternative form of antepetalous


crassulacean

His description of crassulacean acid metabolism, wherein cacti, yuccas, agaves and sedums open their stomata at night when it’s cooler in order to “bind carbon dioxide on special molecules much like we bind oxygen on hemoglobin in our blood” had me on edge for hours.

2009 May 31, Dominique Browning, “Gardening Books”, in New York Times:

(botany) Of or pertaining to the family Crassulaceae of dicotyledons.

crassuláceo

of or pertaining to the family Crassulaceae of dicotyledons


umbelliform

umbelliform (comparative more umbelliform, superlative most umbelliform)

more umbelliform (comparative)
most umbelliform (superlative)


osmunda

From Medieval Latin osmunda (“royal fern”). Compare osmund.

The fair Osᴍᴜɴᴅᴀ seeks the silent dell, / The ivy canopy, and dripping cell […].

1789, Erasmus Darwin, The Loves of the Plants, J. Johnson, page 11:

Osmunda regalis
Osmunda regalis#Translingual

(botany) A fern of the genus Osmunda, especially the royal fern, Osmunda regalis.


penstemon

Simpleton, life should really be a piece of Entenmann's / Relationships strengthening, flower essence: penstemon

2004, “Guinnesses”, in Mm..Food, performed by MF Doom ft. Angelika & 4-IZE:

Stalks of salvias and mint, artemisia and penstemon.

2009 June 12, Dwight Garner, “Living Off the Land, Surrounded by Asphalt”, in New York Times:

(botany) Any plant of the genus Penstemon, the beardtongues.


phylloclade

(botany) A flattened stem, a type of cladode that has unlimited extension growth and resembles a leaf.


antisepalous

(botany) Alternative form of antesepalous


eucyclic

(botany) Having a trimerous pentacyclic floral structure.


primine

In the seed these membranes are called by various names, of which the most frequently used are spermoderm or testa for the primine; mesosperm, for the secondine; and endopleura for the other.

1835, John Lindley, A Key to Structural, Physiological, and Systematic Botany, Longman et al. (publishers), page 35:

(botany) The outermost integument of an ovule (if it has two)


julaceous

julaceous (comparative more julaceous, superlative most julaceous)

more julaceous (comparative)
most julaceous (superlative)


amentaceous

amentaceous (comparative more amentaceous, superlative most amentaceous)

more amentaceous (comparative)
most amentaceous (superlative)

The chestnut has an amentaceous inflorescence.

(botany) Bearing, resembling, or consisting of an ament or aments.


graff

(botany, archaic) Alternative form of graft


graff

en-verb

graff (third-person singular simple present graffs, present participle graffing, simple past and past participle graffed)

graffs (present singular third-person)
graffing (participle present)
graffed (participle past)
graffed (past)

Truly, said Pantagruel, if I live to go home--which I hope will be speedily, God willing--I'll set off and graff some in my garden in Touraine, by the banks of the Loire, and will call them bon-Christian or good-Christian pears, for I never saw better Christians than are these good Papimans.

1653-1694, Thomas Urquhart, Peter Anthony Motteux, Gargantua and Pantagruel, translation of original by Francois Rabelais, Book IV:

For where men look for fruit they graff the tree, And study still the rising plant to train; And artist uses to refine the gold Designed by him the precious gem to hold.

1823, William Stewart Rose, Orlando Furioso, translation of original by Ludovico Ariosto:


var.

Some of these roses and other exotic spp. are the parents of our cultivated roses—tea roses, hybrid perpetuals, climbers, ramblers etc.—over 5000 vars. having been named.

1956, Arthur Harmount Graves, “Ròsa—Rose”, in Illustrated Guide to Trees and Shrubs : A Handbook of the Woody Plants of the Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada, revised edition, New York: Dover Publications, published 1992, page 146:

(botany, taxonomy) Abbreviation of variety.


homostyled

Several genera include both heterostyled (dimorphic or trimorphic forms) and homostyled species

1876, Charles Darwin, The Effects of Cross and Self Fertilisation in the Vegetable Kingdom:

(botany) Having only one form of pistils; said of the flowers of some plants.


hysterophyte

From New Latin hysterophȳtum, from Ancient Greek ὑστέρα (hustéra, “womb, figuratively the earth”) + φῡτόν (phūtón, “plant”). By surface analysis, hystero- + -phyte.

der

(botany) A plant or fungus that lives on dead or living organic matter.


rhizomatic

(botany) Resembling or related to a rhizome.


santolina

(botany) Any of the genus Santolina of evergreen shrubs in the sunflower family.


retinaculum

From Latin retināculum, from retinēre (“hold back”).

(botany) A small gland or process to which bodies are attached; as, the glandular retinacula to which the pollinia of orchids are attached, or the hooks which support the seeds in many acanthaceous plants.


crinite

en-adj

crinite (comparative more crinite, superlative most crinite)

more crinite (comparative)
most crinite (superlative)


corymbosely

en-adv

corymbosely (comparative more corymbosely, superlative most corymbosely)

more corymbosely (comparative)
most corymbosely (superlative)


frondous

en-adj

frondous (comparative more frondous, superlative most frondous)

more frondous (comparative)
most frondous (superlative)


diplostemony

(botany) The condition of being diplostemonous.


microphytal

microphytal earth

microphytal growth

(botany) Pertaining to, or of the nature of, microphytes.


multicapsular

multicapsular (comparative more multicapsular, superlative most multicapsular)

more multicapsular (comparative)
most multicapsular (superlative)

From multi- + capsular: compare French multicapsulaire.


supertuberation

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-supertuberation.wav

(botany) The production of young tubers from the old while still growing.


monosperm

(botany) A monospermous plant; a plant only having one seed.


umbraculiferous

umbraculiferous (comparative more umbraculiferous, superlative most umbraculiferous)

more umbraculiferous (comparative)
most umbraculiferous (superlative)

From Latin umbraculum (“umbrella”), diminutive of umbra (“shade”) + -ferous.

umbraculiferous crown

umbraculiferous tree

(botany) Bearing something like an open umbrella.


setigerous

setigerous (comparative more setigerous, superlative most setigerous)

more setigerous (comparative)
most setigerous (superlative)

setigerous glands

a setigerous segment of an annelid

(botany) Covered with bristles; having or bearing a seta or setae.


monopodial

(botany) Having a monopodium or a single and continuous axis, as a birch twig or a cornstalk.


nepeta

1997 October 13, New York: Interior Design ′97, page 79,
NICE DIGS: Tomato tepees, nepeta, strawberries, and herbs in raised beds billow onto the gravel walk; a neat lattice camouflages a propane tank.

2006 Spring, Early Homes, page 42,
The property is now protected by deer fencing, but Nancy spent many years experimenting with plants that are deer resistant, such as lavender, nepeta (catmint), and peonies.

2007 May-June, Old House Interiors, page 103,
TOP. Mirror-image borders in Hampshire, with purple nepeta, carmine-red geraniums, and yellow thalictrum.

(botany) Any plant of the genus Nepeta of flowering plants, including catnip.


oliganthous

oliganthous inflorescence

oliganthous raceme


amygdalaceous

From Latin amygdala (“almond tree”) + -aceous.

(botany, dated) Akin to, or derived from, the almond.


hexapetalous

From hexa- + petalous. Compare French hexapétale.


rotundifolious

rotundifolious (comparative more rotundifolious, superlative most rotundifolious)

more rotundifolious (comparative)
most rotundifolious (superlative)

From Latin rotundus (“round”) + folium (“a leaf”).


ramentaceous

ramentaceous (comparative more ramentaceous, superlative most ramentaceous)

more ramentaceous (comparative)
most ramentaceous (superlative)


muriform

muriform (comparative more muriform, superlative most muriform)

more muriform (comparative)
most muriform (superlative)

a muriform variety of cellular tissue

muriform spores

muriform cells

(botany) Resembling a wall (a brick wall, you know)


sutural

a sutural dehiscence

sutural elevation

sutural fold

(botany, surgery) Of or pertaining to a suture


monanthous

monanthous leaf

monanthous raceme


laticostate

laticostate (comparative more laticostate, superlative most laticostate)

more laticostate (comparative)
most laticostate (superlative)

However, plants from Europe have a laticostate seed surface, while those from Asia are observed to have two types of seed coats (laticostate and tenuicostate), […]

2009, S. B. Gontcharova, A. A. Gontcharov, V. V. Yakubov, K. Kondo, “Seed surface morphology in some representatives of the genus Rhodiola sect. Rhodiola (Crassulaceae) in the Russian Far East”, in Flora - Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of Plants:

Seed micromorphology:—Seed coat is laticostate. Epidermal cells are elliptical to irregularly pentagonal. Cell walls are thickened mostly at the corners, the boundaries are raised […]

2018, B Özüdoğru, “Phylogenetic position, taxonomy, distribution, and conservation status of the rare and poorly-known Noccaea rosularis, the generic type of Masmenia …”, in Phytotaxa:

Populations in Torovicë and at the Fangul-pass certainly belong to the nominate form, although a part of the specimens in Torovicë are extremely widely-spaced (laticostate), and some […]

, Zoltán Fehér, Z. Erőss, A. Varga, Contributions to the knowledge of the Albanian Cochlostoma fauna


decursively

en-adv

decursively (comparative more decursively, superlative most decursively)

more decursively (comparative)
most decursively (superlative)


ulmaceous

(botany, relational) Of or relating to the family Ulmaceae of flowering plants, including the elm and zelkova.


oppositipetalous

oppositipetalous stamens

[…] cells 5 oppositipetalous, subincomplete at apex; […]

1880, Henri Baillon, The Natural History of Plants, volume 6, page 43:


triparted

(botany) Divided nearly to the base into three segments or lobes.


opercular

opercular bone

opercular cavity

opercular flap

opercular mechanism

opercular movement

opercular plate

opercular pouch

opercular series

(anatomy, botany, zoology) relating to the operculum


monophyllous

(archaic, botany) Having a single leaf, or a leaf consisting of only one piece.


diphyllous

From Ancient Greek δίφυλλος (díphullos), from φύλλον (phúllon); compare French diphylle.


geophilous

(botany) Terrestrial; growing or rooting in the ground.


caltha

(botany) A plant of the genus Caltha; a marsh marigold.


anthotaxy

en-noun

anthotaxy (usually uncountable, plural anthotaxies)

Ancient Greek ἄνθος (ánthos, “flower”) + τάξις (táxis, “arrangement, order”)

(botany) The arrangement of flowers such as a cluster, inflorescence, or solitary flower; the relative position of flowers on a plant.


peristerion

From Late Latin peristerion, from Ancient Greek περιστέριον (peristérion).

Verbena officinalis
Verbena officinalis#Translingual

(botany) The herb vervain (Verbena officinalis).


gymnocarpous

(botany) Having fruit that is either smooth or not adherent to the perianth


loculate

(botany) Divided into loculi, cavities or compartments


umbraculiform

en-adj

umbraculiform (comparative more umbraculiform, superlative most umbraculiform)

more umbraculiform (comparative)
most umbraculiform (superlative)

From Latin umbraculum (“anything that furnishes shade, a bower, umbrella”), diminutive of umbra (“a shade”) + -form.

der

(botany) Having the form of anything that serves to shade, such as a treetop or especially an umbrella.


unilabiate

a unilabiate corolla


unifoliolate

The leaves of the orange tree are unifoliolate.


unicapsular

(archaic, botany) Having only one capsule to each flower.


graminifolious

en-adj

graminifolious (comparative more graminifolious, superlative most graminifolious)

more graminifolious (comparative)
most graminifolious (superlative)

From Latin gramen, graminis (“grass”) + folium (“leaf”).

(botany, archaic) Bearing leaves that resemble blades of grass.


carpogenic

carpogenic (comparative more carpogenic, superlative most carpogenic)

more carpogenic (comparative)
most carpogenic (superlative)

carpogenic cell

carpogenic germination

(botany) Producing fruit, or causing fruit to develop.


rotundate

rotundate (comparative more rotundate, superlative most rotundate)

more rotundate (comparative)
most rotundate (superlative)

(archaic, botany) Rounded, especially at the end or corners.


tristichous

tristichous leaves

tristichous alignment

tristichous phyllotaxis

(botany) Arranged in three vertical rows.


turioniferous

Asparagus is turioniferous.


diaheliotropic

(botany) Relating or, or manifesting, diaheliotropism; having the dorsal surface of leaves facing towards the rays of light.


myceloid

myceloid (comparative more myceloid, superlative most myceloid)

more myceloid (comparative)
most myceloid (superlative)

myceloid filament

myceloid appendages

myceloid layer

(botany) Resembling or pertaining to mycelium.


verticillaster

Latin verticillus (“a whirl”) + aster (“a star”).

(botany) A whorl of flowers apparently of one cluster, but composed of two opposite axillary cymes, as in mint.


nemathecium

(botany) A kind of fructification on certain red algae, consisting of an external mass of filaments that separate into tetraspores.


oppositifolious

an oppositifolious peduncle

(botany) Placed at the same node with a leaf, but separated from it by the whole diameter of the stem.


virgulate

(botany) Shaped like a little twig or rod.


septulate

septulate (comparative more septulate, superlative most septulate)

more septulate (comparative)
most septulate (superlative)

(botany) Having imperfect or spurious septa.


venulose

venulose (comparative more venulose, superlative most venulose)

more venulose (comparative)
most venulose (superlative)

venulose leaves


anisopetalous

(botany) Having unequal, different petals.


panphotometric

(botany, of leaves) Adjusting position to absorb diffuse light, either avoiding direct sunlight or also absorbing it


curvicostate

curvicostate (comparative more curvicostate, superlative most curvicostate)

more curvicostate (comparative)
most curvicostate (superlative)


campylospermous

From Ancient Greek καμπύλος (kampúlos, “curved”) + spermous.

der

The sweet cicely is campylospermous.

(botany, archaic) Having longitudinally curved grooves on its seeds


racemiferous

en-adj

racemiferous (comparative more racemiferous, superlative most racemiferous)

more racemiferous (comparative)
most racemiferous (superlative)

From Latin racemifer (“bearing clusters”), from racemus (“cluster”) + ferre (“to bear”). Compare French racémifère.


involucellate

involucellate (comparative more involucellate, superlative most involucellate)

more involucellate (comparative)
most involucellate (superlative)

From involucel + -ate (adjective-forming suffix).


fructescence

en-noun

fructescence (countable and uncountable, plural fructescences)

From Latin fructus (“fruit”) + -escence.

Fructescence, or the fruiting season , is the time when vegetables scatter their ripe seeds

1793, Thomas Martyn, The Language of Botany:

(botany) The maturing or ripening of fruit.


incumbently

en-adv

incumbently (comparative more incumbently, superlative most incumbently)

more incumbently (comparative)
most incumbently (superlative)

(especially botany) In an incumbent manner; so as to be incumbent.


phycochrome

en-noun

phycochrome (countable and uncountable, plural phycochromes)

The purple-red or violet phycochromaceze contain phycochrome, which is composed of chlorophyll and a purple, but generally (not apparently different) blue modification of phycocyan, which easily turns into a verdigris-coloured substance.

1867, The Transactions of the Microscopical Society of London, page 210:

It is quite possible that the writer has reckoned some of the filamentous species of the Schizomycetes under the head of Phormidium tenuissimum, since it is impossible to determine with certainty in all cases whether a filament less than one micromillimeter in thickness, contains phycochrome or not.

2012, T.D. Brock, Thermophilic Microorganisms and Life at High Temperatures, page 49:

Ohad et al. (1980) have recently shown that allophycocyanin has identical photoresponses to the phycochromes, which suggests that allophycocyanin may be the true identity of the phycochromes.

2012, O. L. Lange, Physiological Plant Ecology I, page 264:

(botany) A bluish-green pigment in certain blue-green algae.


geminiflorous

From Latin geminus (“twin”) + flos, floris (“flower”).

geminiflorous helices

(botany) Having the flowers arranged in pairs.


vernicose

en-adj

vernicose (comparative more vernicose, superlative most vernicose)

more vernicose (comparative)
most vernicose (superlative)

(botany) Having a brilliantly polished surface, like some leaves.


parasital

parasital (comparative more parasital, superlative most parasital)

more parasital (comparative)
most parasital (superlative)

parasital chemicals


vexillary

From Latin vexillarius: compare French vexillaire.

(botany) Larger than the other (leaves, petals, etc.) and rising above them.


filicoid

1846-1853, John Lindley, The Vegetable Kingdom
The manner in which the second generation arises from the first, varies much more in the Filicoids than in the Mosses


filicoid

filicoid (comparative more filicoid, superlative most filicoid)

more filicoid (comparative)
most filicoid (superlative)

(botany) Resembling a fern, either in form or in the nature of the method of reproduction.


corymbed

corymbed (comparative more corymbed, superlative most corymbed)

more corymbed (comparative)
most corymbed (superlative)

corymbed flowers


ovulary

From ovule + -ary, earliest use found in John Lindley (1799–1865), botanist and horticulturist.

(botany) The structure that contains an ovule or ovules in a flowering plant.


stomatiferous

stomatiferous (comparative more stomatiferous, superlative most stomatiferous)

more stomatiferous (comparative)
most stomatiferous (superlative)

stomatiferous band

stomatiferous surface


antidromous

(botany) Changing the direction in the spiral sequence of leaves on a stem.


monembryony

(botany) # Archaic spelling of monoembryony.


mycetoid

mycetoid (comparative more mycetoid, superlative most mycetoid)

more mycetoid (comparative)
most mycetoid (superlative)

From Ancient Greek μύκης (múkēs) + -oid.


foveolate

foveolate (comparative more foveolate, superlative most foveolate)

more foveolate (comparative)
most foveolate (superlative)

(zoology, botany) Having small pits or depressions, like the receptacle in some composite flowers.


gynantherous

(botany) Pertaining to an abnormal condition of the flower, in which the stamens are converted into pistils.


archegonial

archegonial base

archegonial branch

archegonial chamber


rhizophorous

rhizophorous (comparative more rhizophorous, superlative most rhizophorous)

more rhizophorous (comparative)
most rhizophorous (superlative)


scaphium

Borrowed from Latin scaphium, from Ancient Greek σκάφιον (skáphion).

(botany) The carina or keel of papilionaceous flowers.


unline

en-verb

unline (third-person singular simple present unlines, present participle unlining, simple past and past participle unlined)

unlines (present singular third-person)
unlining (participle present)
unlined (participle past)
unlined (past)

There is no instance of unlining which may not be as well explained by the theory of alternation.

1848, John Lindley, An Introduction to Botany:

The name dédoublement of Duval, which has been translated deduplication, literally means unlining'; the original hypothesis being, that the organs in question unline, or tend to separate into two or more layers, each having the same structure.

1870, Asa Gray, Introduction to Structural and Systematic Botany, page 243:

The carpophore unlines itself at maturity, and the vittæ are wide and solitary in each furrow.

1881, Henri Baillon, The Natural History of Plants - Volume 7, page 105:

(botany) To undergo a (now debunked) process in which the tissue of a plant separates into identical layers.


gynobasic

gynobasic pattern

gynobasic style

(botany) Pertaining to, or having, a gynobase.


monopetalous

From mono- + petalous, after New Latin monopetalus.

The food of the bee is the nectar of flowers; a drop of syrup, lodged […] down the neck of a monopetalous glove.

1802, William Paley, Natural Theology, section XIX:

(botany, now rare) Having only one petal, or the corolla in one piece, or composed of petals cohering so as to form a tube or bowl; gamopetalous.


reflorescence

en-noun

reflorescence (countable and uncountable, plural reflorescences)

From re- + florescence. Alternatively, directly from Latin reflorescens, present active participle of refloresco (“I flower anew”), from re- + floresco (“I flower”).

(botany) A new blossoming of a plant during the season.


gemmuliferous

en-adj

gemmuliferous (comparative more gemmuliferous, superlative most gemmuliferous)

more gemmuliferous (comparative)
most gemmuliferous (superlative)

gemmuliferous vesicles

(botany, archaic) Bearing or producing gemmules or buds.


heterauxesis

From hetero- + Ancient Greek αὔξησις (aúxēsis). Compare auxesis.

af

(botany) unequal growth of a cell, or of part of a plant.


antheriform

en-adj

antheriform (comparative more antheriform, superlative most antheriform)

more antheriform (comparative)
most antheriform (superlative)

antheriform cell

antheriform filament

(archaic, botany) Shaped like an anther.


cordately

en-adv

cordately (comparative more cordately, superlative most cordately)

more cordately (comparative)
most cordately (superlative)

cordately stem-clasping

cordately orbicular


lunular

en-adj

lunular (comparative more lunular, superlative most lunular)

more lunular (comparative)
most lunular (superlative)

(botany) Having a form like that of the new moon; crescent-shaped.


semination

en-noun

semination (countable and uncountable, plural seminations)

Latin seminatio: compare French sémination.

(botany) The natural dispersion of seeds.


flosculous

en-adj

flosculous (comparative more flosculous, superlative most flosculous)

more flosculous (comparative)
most flosculous (superlative)

(botany, obsolete) Consisting of florets.


wildering

(botany) A plant growing in a state of nature, especially one that has run wild or escaped from cultivation.


gemmiferous

gemmiferous (comparative more gemmiferous, superlative most gemmiferous)

more gemmiferous (comparative)
most gemmiferous (superlative)

From Latin gemma (“bud”) + -ferous. Compare French gemmifère.

gemmiferous gametophyte


peripetalous

peripetalous fasciole

(botany) Surrounding, or situated around, the petals.


trinervate

From Latin trinervatus, from tri- + nervus (“nerve”).

(botany, of a leaf) Having three ribs or nerves extending unbranched from the base to the apex.


liguliflorous

liguliflorous head


tetrapetalous

(botany) Containing four distinct petals.


racemule

(botany, probably dated) A little raceme.


receptacular

the receptacular chaff or scales in the sunflower

receptacular bract

receptacular nectary

receptacular scalesyy

(botany) Pertaining to, or growing in, the receptacle.


vaginula

en-noun

vaginula (plural vaginulas or vaginulae)

Learned borrowing from Latin vāgīnula, diminutive of vagina (“sheath”).

In Sphagnum it is shaped somewhat like a button , having a very narrow neck, which is firmly embraced by the vaginula.

1837, The transactions of the Linnean Society of London, page 468:

The plant is distinctive in the reddish brown tomentum, the longly hairy vaginula and the erect or spreading peristome teeth (normally corticolous species have reflexed teeth and normally saxicolous species a ± glabrous vaginula).

1980, Anthony John Edwin Smith, The Moss Flora of Britain and Ireland, page 483:

(botany) A little sheath, such as that about the base of the pedicel of most mosses.


hevea

Tire executives say that global demand for tires, which use as much as 70 percent of the world’s rubber supply, will expand as less developed nations industrialize, requiring roughly 21 million additional acres of hevea, the source of natural rubber, by 2024.

2015 August 18, Diane Cardwell, “Making Tires From a Desert Shrub Found in the U.S.”, in New York Times:

Hevea brasiliensis
Hevea brasiliensis#Translingual

(botany) Any of the genus Hevea of flowering plants in the spurge family, including the economically important rubber tree Hevea brasiliensis.


frondlet

(botany) A distinct portion of a compound frond.


orthospermous

But in regard to the differences both in the internal and external structure of the seeds, […] in the Umbelliferae these differences are of such apparent importance—the seeds being in some cases, according to Tausch, orthospermous in the exterior flowers and cœlospermous in the central flowers,—[…]

1859 November 24, Charles Darwin, “Laws of Variation”, in On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, […], London: John Murray, […], →OCLC, page 146:

(botany) Having the seeds straight, as in the fruits of some umbelliferous plants.


isostemony

(botany) The quality or state of being isostemonous.


anisophyllous

(botany) Having pairs of leaves different from one another, either in size or in shape.


endosporous

With the exception of three species belonging to the order Ceratiomyxales which bear spores externally and are termed exosporous, all other Myxomycetes are endosporous. The latter bear spores within sporophores.

2012, (Please provide the book title or journal name):

(botany) Bearing spores contained in a case (a sporophore); applied to fungi or eukaryotes.


diaheliotropism

(botany) A tendency of leaves or other plant organs to have their dorsal surface facing towards the rays of light.


trifarious

From Latin trifarius (“of three sorts or ways, threefold”). Compare bifarious.

der

(botany) Facing three ways; arranged in three vertical ranks, like the leaves of veratrum.


fruticulose

en-adj

fruticulose (comparative more fruticulose, superlative most fruticulose)

more fruticulose (comparative)
most fruticulose (superlative)

Diminutive from Latin fruticosus (“bushy”): compare French fruticuleux.

(botany) Like, or pertaining to, a small shrub


apheliotropism

(botany) the tendency to bend away from sunlight, as some plants do; negative phototropism


obversely

en-adv

obversely (comparative more obversely, superlative most obversely)

more obversely (comparative)
most obversely (superlative)


calcivorous

en-adj

calcivorous (comparative more calcivorous, superlative most calcivorous)

more calcivorous (comparative)
most calcivorous (superlative)

(botany) Living on, and tending to erode, limestone.


isosporic

isosporic ferns

isosporic structure

isosporic cyanobacteria

(botany) Producing only one kind of spore.


gonidial

(botany) Relating to, or containing, gonidia.


interpetiolar

interpetiolar glands

interpetiolar stipules

interpetiolar ridges


bractlet

(botany) A bract on the stalk of a single flower, which is itself on a main stalk that supports several flowers


hypogynous

(botany) Of a flower, having a superior ovary, attached directly to the receptacle like other floral parts.


notorhizal

(botany) Having the radicle of the embryo lying against the back of one of the cotyledons; incumbent.


angiosporous

Some fungi are angiosporous.

(botany) Having spores contained in cells or thecae (sporangia).


botryoid

Ancient Greek βότρυς (bótrus, “cluster of grapes”) + -oid

derived

(botany) A determinate inflorescence, similar to a raceme, taking the form of flowers arranged alongside an axis.


leaf node

intercalary meristem
intercalary meristem

(botany) One of the spots upon a stem where buds and intercalary meristems occur, usually marking the end of a season's growth.


univalvular

(botany, zoology) Having only one valve.


semiamplexicaul

(botany, of a leaf) Partially amplexicaul; embracing the stem half or partly round.


morinda

(botany) Any of the genus Morinda of rubiaceous trees and shrubs.


budlet

We have a criterion to distinguish one bud from another, or the parent bud from the numerous budlets which are its offspring.

(Can we date this quote?), Erasmus Darwin, Phytologia:

As zooid, bud and budlet development is closely coordinated, the stage of a colony during its blastogenetic cycle is univocally defined and expressed by a formula of three numbers separated by slashes

2009, Baruch Rinkevich, Valeria Matranga, Stem Cells in Marine Organisms:

(botany) A smaller or secondary bud, usually growing from a parent bud.


amphistomous

Adaxial and abaxial surfaces of three taxa of the Acutae group in the Pacific Northwest (C. aquatilis, C. lenticularis, and C. nebrascensis) are not differentiated (the amphistomous condition) .

1985, Systematic Botany Monographs, page 15:

For most amphistomous leaves, the correct value for g_(lw) is between those given by Equations 11.24 and 11.25 (Moreshet et al., 1968).

2012, Robert W. Pearcy, J.R. Ehleringer, Harold Mooney, Plant Physiological Ecology: Field methods and instrumentation:

Parkhurst et al. (1988) showed that gradients of more than 50 μbar CO₂ are common in amphistomous leaves of C₃ plants.

2012, Scaling Physiological Processes: Leaf to Globe, page 329329:

(botany) Having stomata on both surfaces of the leaf.


glumaceous

en-adj

glumaceous (comparative more glumaceous, superlative most glumaceous)

more glumaceous (comparative)
most glumaceous (superlative)

Compare French glumancé. See glume and -aceous.

glumaceous bracts

glumaceous perianth

glumaceous valves

(botany, archaic) Having or consisting of glumes.