beat

→ Pennsylvania German: biede

From Middle English beten, from Old English bēatan (“to beat, pound, strike, lash, dash, thrust, hurt, injure”), from Proto-West Germanic *bautan, from Proto-Germanic *bautaną (“to push, strike”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰewd- (“to hit, strike”).
Compare Old Irish fo·botha (“he threatened”), Latin confutō (“to strike down”), fūstis (“stick, club”), Albanian bahe (“sling”), Lithuanian baudžiù, Old Armenian բութ (butʻ)).

der

march to the beat of a different drummer

(fencing) A smart tap on the adversary's blade.


beat

en-verb

beat (third-person singular simple present beats, present participle beating, simple past beat or (nonstandard) beated, past participle beaten or (colloquial) beat or (nonstandard) beated)

beats (present singular third-person)
beating (participle present)
beat (past)
beated (nonstandard past)
beaten (participle past)
beat (colloquial participle past)
beated (nonstandard participle past)
beat (infinitive)
beat (first-person present singular)
beat (first-person past singular)
beat (present second-person singular)
beatest (archaic present second-person singular)
beat (past second-person singular)
beatest (archaic past second-person singular)
beats (present singular third-person)
beateth (archaic present singular third-person)
beat (past singular third-person)
beat (plural present)
beat (past plural)
beat (present subjunctive)
beat (past subjunctive)
beat (imperative present)
beating (participle present)
beaten (participle past)

it is easy to find a stick to beat a dog

The drummers beat to call soldiers to their quarters.

(military, intransitive) To make a succession of strokes on a drum.

rummuttaa

military: to make a succession of strokes on a drum


AB

en-noun

AB (countable and uncountable, plural ABs)

(military, aviation) Initialism of airbase.


MB

MBs (plural)
mb (alternative adverb interjection)

(military, US) Initialism of marine barracks.


CH

CH (countable and uncountable, plural CHs)

cargo helicopter
cargo helicopter#English

(US, army, aviation) Initialism of cargo helicopter.


CI

CI (countable and uncountable, plural CIs)

(espionage) Initialism of counterintelligence.


CL

CL (countable and uncountable, plural CLs)

(US, navy) Initialism of light cruiser, a type of warship


CM

CM (countable and uncountable, plural CMs)

Sense "commercial" is a borrowing from Japanese CM (CM, “commercial video ad”), from English commercial + message.

(military) Initialism of cruise missile.


MC

(US military) Initialism of Marine Corps.


ML

ML (countable and uncountable, plural MLs)

(countable, military) Initialism of muzzleloader.

Wassenaar Arrangement
w:Wassenaar Arrangement

(military) Initialism of munitions list. (category of controlled goods under the Wassenaar Arrangement)


MX

LGM-118 Peacekeeper
w:LGM-118 Peacekeeper

(military, US, historical, weaponry) Initialism of Missile, Experimental (original project name of the LGM-118 Peacekeeper ICBM).


TB

TB (countable and uncountable, plural TBs)

(military, nautical) Initialism of torpedo boat.

(military, aviation) Initialism of torpedo bomber.

(military, aviation) Initialism of trainer bomber (“a bomber that also serves as a trainer aircraft”).


VC

VC (countable and uncountable, plural VCs)

→ Bengali: ভিসি (bhiśi)

(US, military, historical) Initialism of Victor Charlie (“Vietcong”).


YC

Combination of prefix C and prefix modifier Y

(US, military, aviation) prototype cargoplane (prefix)


AR

AR (countable and uncountable, plural ARs)

Coordinate term: AK

In its August 2003 issue, while the ban was still in effect, Guns & Ammo ran a feature story titled “Stoner’s ‘Black Rifle’ Marches On,” subtitled “The basic AR platform has been refined, improved, upgraded, power-boosted and accurized.”

2017 December 14, David Heath, Elise Hansen and AJ Willingham, CNN Design: Joyce Tseng, “How an ‘ugly,’ unwanted weapon became the most popular rifle in America”, in CNN:

(countable, weaponry) An AR-15 personal semi-automatic rifle, M-16 assault rifle, M-4 carbine, derivative or related gun; the Armalite AR family and derivatives.

(countable, weaponry, informal) An assault rifle or automatic rifle.


CA

CA (countable and uncountable, plural CAs)

(US, military) Initialism of civil affairs, a military occupational specialty or branch


CO

commanding officer
commanding officer#English

(military) Initialism of commanding officer.

(military) Initialism of commissioned officer.

conscientious objector
conscientious objector#English

(military) Initialism of conscientious objector.


CT

CT (countable and uncountable, plural CTs)


DE

DE (countable and uncountable, plural DEs)

destroyer escort
destroyer escort#English

(US, navy) Initialism of destroyer escort, a type of warship of the destroyer subtype, also called a frigate.


GA

(organic chemistry, military) Abbreviation of German agent A, US designation for the nerve gas tabun.


IA

Indian Army at the Encyclopedia of India

Indian Airlines at the Encyclopædia Britannica

Provided that they [the Indian Army or IA] do their duty, armed insurrection in India would not be an insoluble problem. If however the IA go the other way, the picture would be very different.
We do not have the military force to hold India against a widespread guerrilla movement or to reconquer India ... It is doubtful if we could keep the Indian troops loyal. Attlee to Chiefs of Staff, TOP, XI, p.68

2014, Daniel Marston, The Indian Army and the End of the Raj, Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 1:

(military, uncountable) Initialism of Indian Army.


IA

IA (countable and uncountable, plural IAs)

individual augmentee
individual augmentee#English

(military) Initialism of individual augmentee.


MD

MDs (plural)
M.D. (alternative)
M. D. (alternative)

(military, US) Initialism of Marine detachment.


MI

MI (countable and uncountable, plural MIs)

Three months ago, after a minor argument between a small group of students and a tea shop owner, police arrived on the scene, arrested the students, and beat them up in a nearby police station. Apparently, the tea shop was owned by an MI agent.

2009, Karen Connelly, Burmese Lessons: A Love Story, Toronto: Random House Canada, →ISBN, page 108:

(military) Initialism of military intelligence.


MO

MO (countable and uncountable, plural MOs)

(military, UK) Initialism of medical officer.


ND

NDs (plural)
N.D. (alternative)
N. D. (alternative)

(military) Initialism of negligent discharge (accidental firing of a weapon).


OH

(US, army, aviation) Initialism of observation helicopter.


OR

OR (countable and uncountable, plural ORs)


VT

(military, historical, of an artillery fuze) Initialism of variable-time (WWII cover designation for the proximity fuse).


save

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *sl̥h₂-wós
Proto-Italic *salawos
Latin salvus
Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂
Proto-Indo-European *-yéti
Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti
Proto-Italic *-āō
Latin -ō
Latin salvō
Latin salvāre
Old French sauverbor.
Middle English saven
English save
From Middle English saven, sauven, a borrowing from Old French sauver, from Late Latin salvāre (“to save”).

etymon

The giant wrestler continued to beat down his smaller opponent, until several wrestlers ran in for the save.

professional wrestling
professional wrestling

An instance of preventing (further) harm or difficulty.

(professional wrestling, slang) A point in a professional wrestling match when one or more wrestlers run to the ring to aid a fellow wrestler who is being beaten.


piece

pieces (plural)
peece (alternative obsolete)

Belizean Creole: pees

Sranan Tongo: pisi

→ Finnish: biisi

→ Irish: píosa

→ Japanese: ピース (pīsu)

→ Scottish Gaelic: pìos

From Middle English pece, peece, peice, from Old French piece, from Late Latin petia, pettia, possibly from Gaulish *pettyā, from Proto-Celtic *kʷezdis (“piece, portion, quota”); doublet of English fit, fytte, fytt (“musical piece, chapter”), Icelandic fit (“web”), German Fitze (“skein”), from Old High German *fitjâ. Compare Welsh peth, Breton pez (“thing”), Irish cuid. Compare French pièce, Portuguese peça, Spanish pieza, Italian pezza, Italian pezzo.

der

[…] all our Ammunition was spent. Those of us who had Money made Slugs of it; their next Shift was to take the middle Screws out of their Guns, and charge their Pieces with them.

1743, Robert Drury, The Pleasant, and Surprizing Adventures of Mr. Robert Drury, during his Fifteen Years Captivity on the Island of Madagascar, London, page 55:


draw

en-verb

draw (third-person singular simple present draws, present participle drawing, simple past drew, past participle drawn or (colloquial and nonstandard) drew)

draws (present singular third-person)
drawing (participle present)
drew (past)
drawn (participle past)
drew (colloquial nonstandard participle past)
draw (infinitive)
draw (first-person present singular)
drew (first-person past singular)
draw (present second-person singular)
drawest (archaic present second-person singular)
drew (past second-person singular)
drewest (archaic past second-person singular)
draws (present singular third-person)
draweth (archaic present singular third-person)
drew (past singular third-person)
draw (plural present)
drew (past plural)
draw (present subjunctive)
drew (past subjunctive)
draw (imperative present)
drawing (participle present)
drawn (participle past)

The verb is derived from Middle English drauen, drawen, draȝen, dragen (“to drag, pull; to draw (out); to attract; to entice, lure; to lead; to make a drawing; to move, travel; etc.”), from Old English dragan (“to drag, draw”), from Proto-West Germanic *dragan (“to carry; to haul”), from Proto-Germanic *draganą (“to carry; to pull, draw”); further etymology uncertain, often said to be from Proto-Indo-European *dʰregʰ- (“to pull, draw”), but possibly from a non-Indo-European substrate root which is also the source of Latin trahō (“to pull, draw; etc.”). Doublet of drag and draught.
The noun is derived from Middle English drau, draue (“action of shooting with a bow”), from drauen, drawen (verb).
cognates
* Albanian dredh (“to turn, spin”)
* Danish drage
* Dutch dragen
* German tragen (“to carry”)
* Old Armenian դառնամ (daṙnam, “to turn”)
* Sanskrit ध्रजस् (dhrájas, “gliding course or motion”)
* West Frisian drage

vyluhovávat

of drinks: to leave temporarily so as to allow the flavour to increase

изтеглям

cardgames: to take the top card of a deck into hand

every miller draws water to his own mill

one hair of a woman can draw more than a hundred pair of oxen

Senses relating to exerting force or pulling.

(transitive, archery) To pull back (an arrow or bowstring) in preparation for shooting the arrow; also, to cause (a bow) to bend by pulling back the bowstring.

(intransitive, archery) To pull back an arrow or bowstring in preparation for shooting the arrow; also, to cause a bow to bend by pulling back the bowstring.


draw

(archery) Pull back your bowstring in preparation to shoot.


draw

en-noun

draw (countable and uncountable, plural draws)

This configuration offered the capacity for an exceptionally long draw – Manchu archers drew all the way back to the point of the right shoulder[…]

2016 August 25, Mike Loades, The Composite Bow, Bloomsbury Publishing, →ISBN, page 21:

(archery) The act of pulling back the strings in preparation of firing; the distance the strings are pulled back.


cadre

Borrowed from French cadre, from Italian quadro (“framed painting, square”), from Latin quadrum, from quattuor (“four”).

der

From the original plan, thirty-four cadre battalions, with a total of 116 companies, had actually been formed, a total of about 700 officers and another 600 key enlisted men.

2002, Barry M. Stentiford, chapter 9, in The American Home Guard: the State Militia in the Twentieth Century, →ISBN, page 202:

(military) The framework or skeleton upon which a new regiment is to be formed; the officers of a regiment forming the staff.

kader

military: skeleton upon which regiment is formed; its officers


hair

en-noun

hair (countable and uncountable, plural hairs)

From Middle English her, heer, hær, from Old English hǣr, from Proto-West Germanic *hār, from Proto-Germanic *hērą (“hair”).
Cognate with Saterland Frisian Hier (“hair”), West Frisian hier (“hair”), Dutch haar (“hair”), German Low German Haar (“hair”), German Haar (“hair”), Swedish, Danish and Norwegian hår (“hair”), Icelandic hár (“hair”). Eclipsed non-native Middle English cheveler, chevelere (“hair”), borrowed from Old French chevelëure (“hair, head-hair, coiffure, wig”).
The modern spelling with ai is not a regular representation of the vowel developed from Middle English. Rather, it is from Middle English here (haircloth) influenced by Old French haire.

noncog

(countable, engineering, firearms) A locking spring or other safety device in the lock of a rifle, etc., capable of being released by a slight pressure on a hair-trigger.


leg

→ Finnish: legi

→ Hungarian: leg

From Middle English leg, legge, from Old Norse leggr (“leg, calf, bone of the arm or leg, hollow tube, stalk”), from Proto-Germanic *lagjaz, *lagwijaz (“leg, thigh”) (see it for more).
Cognate with Scots leg (“leg”), Icelandic leggur (“leg, limb”), Norwegian Bokmål legg (“leg”), Norwegian Nynorsk legg (“leg”), Swedish lägg (“leg, shank, shaft”), Danish læg (“leg”), Lombardic lagi (“thigh, shank, leg”), Latin lacertus (“limb, arm”), Persian لنگ (leng). Upon borrowing, mostly displaced the native Old English term sċanca (Modern English shank).

der

don't pee on my leg and tell me it's raining

don't piss on my leg and tell me it's raining

piss on someone's leg and tell them it's raining

Which was lower than whale shit in the eyes of any paratrooper; it would have been a disgrace to be a leg.

2019, Elliot Murphy, A Vietnam Story, page 94:

(US, slang, military) An army soldier assigned to a paratrooper unit who has not yet been qualified as a paratrooper.


foot

en-noun

foot (plural feet or (UK colloquial, unit of measure) foot)

feet (plural)
foot (plural)
foote (alternative obsolete)
feets (alternative dialectal)
foots (alternative nonstandard)

→ Assamese: ফুট (phut)

q

from <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">feet</i>

→ Japanese: フット (futto), フート (fūto); フィート (fīto) (from feet)

→ Russian: фут (fut)

Sranan Tongo: futu

Aukan: futu

Saramaccan: fútu

→ Swahili: futi

→ Thai: ฟุต (fút)

Tok Pisin: fut, put

→ Urdu: فٹ (fuṭ)

→ Phalura: fuṭ

From Middle English fot, fote, foot, from Old English fōt, from Proto-West Germanic *fōt, from Proto-Germanic *fōts, from Proto-Indo-European *pṓds. Doublet of pes, pie (“Spanish unit of length”), and pous.

doublet

not touch something with a ten-foot pole

you cannot put the same shoe on every foot

King John went to battle with ten thousand foot and one thousand horse.

His forces, after all the high discourses, amounted really but to eighteen hundred foot.

1702–1704, Edward [Hyde, 1st] Earl of Clarendon, “(please specify |book=I to XVI)”, in The History of the Rebellion and Civil Wars in England, Begun in the Year 1641. […], Oxford, Oxfordshire: Printed at the [Sheldonian] Theater, published 1707, →OCLC:

(collective, military) Foot soldiers; infantry.


neck

From Middle English nekke, nakke, from Old English hnecca, *hnæcca (“neck, nape”), from Proto-Germanic *hnakkô (“nape, neck”), from Proto-Indo-European *knog-, *kneg- (“back of the head, nape, neck”). Cognate with Scots nek (“neck”), North Frisian neek, neeke, Nak (“neck”), Saterland Frisian Näkke (“neck”), West Frisian nekke (“neck”), Dutch nek (“neck”), German Low German Nack (“neck”), German Nacken (“nape of the neck”), Danish nakke (“neck”), Swedish nacke (“nape of the neck”), Icelandic hnakki (“neck”), Tocharian A kñuk (“neck, nape”). Possibly a mutated variant of *kneug/k (compare Old English hnocc (“hook, penis”), Welsh cnwch (“joint, knob”), Latvian knaūķis (“dwarf”). Doublet of nek. More at nook. Displaced halse (“neck, throat”) and swire (“neck”).

(firearms) The small part of a gun between the chase and the swell of the muzzle.

kaula

firearms: part between the chase and the swell of the muzzle


snail

From the Middle English snaile, snayle, from the Old English sneġel, from Proto-Germanic *snagilaz. Cognate with Low German Snagel,
Snâel, Snâl (“snail”), German Schnegel (“slug”). Compare also Old Norse snigill, from Proto-Germanic *snigilaz.

(military, historical) A tortoise or testudo; a movable roof or shed to protect besiegers.


angel

angels (plural)
Angel (alternative)
angell (alternative obsolete)

Jamaican Creole: ienjel

→ Chinese: 安琪兒 /安琪儿 (ānqí'ér)

→ Hawaiian: ʻānela

→ Lingala: anjelu, anzelu

→ Malagasy: anjely

Florence Baptistery
Seven churches of Asia
en:Angel (disambiguation)
en:angel

Two Baroque angels from southern Germany, from the mid-18th century
From Middle English angel, aungel, ængel, engel, from Old English anġel, ænġel, enġel, enċġel (“angel, messenger”), from Proto-West Germanic *angil, borrowed from Latin angelus, itself from Ancient Greek ἄγγελος (ángelos, “messenger”); and also in part from Anglo-Norman angele, angle, from the same Latin source. The religious sense of the Greek word first appeared in the Septuagint as a translation of the Hebrew word מַלְאָךְ (malʾāḵ, “messenger”) or יהוה מַלְאָךְ (malʾāḵ YHWH, “messenger of YHWH”). Doublet of Angelus.
Use of the term in some churches to refer to a church official derives from interpreting the "angels" of the Seven churches of Asia in Revelation as being bishops or ministers rather than angelic beings.

𐔰𐕎𐔲𐔴𐔾𐕒𐕚

in Christian angelology, the lowest order of angels

don't drive faster than your guardian angel can fly

Climb to angels sixty.

And even now part of me flies over Dresden at angels one five; / Though they’ll never fathom it, behind my sarcasm desperate memories lie.

1983 March 21, Roger Waters, “The Hero’s Return”, in The Final Cut, performed by Pink Floyd:

(military slang, originally Royal Air Force) An altitude, measured in thousands of feet.


face

Sranan Tongo: fesi

→ Danish: fjæs

→ Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: fjes

Norwegian Nynorsk: fjes

→ Swedish: fejs, fjäs

→ Wu: 番斯 (¹fe-sy)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-?
Latin faciēs
Late Latin facia
Old French facebor.
Middle English face
English face
From Middle English face, from Old French face, from Late Latin facia, from Latin faciēs (“form, appearance”). Doublet of facies. Displaced native onlete (“face, countenance, appearance”), anleth (“face”), from Old English anwlite, andwlita, compare German Antlitz; Old English ansīen (“face”), Middle English neb (“face, nose”) (from Old English nebb), Middle English ler, leor, leer (“face, cheek, countenance”) (from Old English hlēor), and non-native Middle English vis (“face, appearance, look”) (from Old French vis) and Middle English chere (“face”) from Old French chere.
In the sense of face as in reputation, influenced by Chinese 面子 (miànzi) or 臉／脸 (liǎn), both of which mean literally the front of the head and metaphorically one's public image. See lose face.

noncog

talk to the hand 'cause the face ain't listening

The fans cheered on the face as he made his comeback.

(professional wrestling, slang) A headlining wrestler with a persona embodying heroic or virtuous traits and who is regarded as a "good guy", especially one who is handsome and well-conditioned; a baby face.

técnico

professional wrestling: headlining wrestler


unmask

en-verb

unmask (third-person singular simple present unmasks, present participle unmasking, simple past and past participle unmasked)

unmasks (present singular third-person)
unmasking (participle present)
unmasked (participle past)
unmasked (past)
unmasque (alternative)
un-mask (alternative)

He recalled his horse. This, retiring, unmasked the heavy infantry, which Hannibal called in from either flank and sent with a vigorous élan in close column across the ford against the ill-arrayed barbarians, followed by the cavalry, which had formed again in its rear.

1893, Theodore Ayrault Dodge, Hannibal: a History of the Art of War Among the Carthaginians and Romans […] , page 156:

In less than an hour the batteries were unmasked. The Confederate works were visible and at 5:08 a.m., Seymour ordered the batteries to commence firing.

2021, Stephen R. Wise, “To Capture an Island: Amphibious Operations in the Department of the South, 1861–1863”, in Theodore P. Savas, editor, Charleston: Battles and Seacoast Operations, page 10:

(transitive, military, dated) To expose something that was concealed or shielded from an enemy.


heel

From Middle English hele, from Old English hēla, from Proto-West Germanic *hą̄hilō, from Proto-Germanic *hanhilaz, diminutive of Proto-Germanic *hanhaz (“heel, hock”), equivalent to hock + -le. More at hock.
Compare North Frisian haiel, West Frisian hyl, Dutch hiel, German Low German Hiel, Danish and Norwegian hæl, Swedish häl.

couldn't pour water out of a boot with the instructions on the heel

(firearms) The back, upper part of the stock.

Freedman began his analysis by noting two important facts about professional wrestling: First, that heels triumph considerably more often than do babyfaces[…]

1992, Bruce Lincoln, Discourse and the Construction of Society, page 158:

(by extension, slang, professional wrestling) A headlining wrestler regarded as a "bad guy," whose ring persona embodies villainous or reprehensible traits and demonstrates characteristics of a braggart and a bully.


loose

loose (third-person singular simple present looses, present participle loosing, simple past and past participle loosed)

looses (present singular third-person)
loosing (participle present)
loosed (participle past)
loosed (past)

From Middle English loos, los, lous, from Old Norse lauss, from Proto-Germanic *lausaz, whence also -less, leasing; from Proto-Indo-European *lewh₁- (“to untie, set free, separate”), whence also lyo-, -lysis, via Ancient Greek.


loose

In throwing a Dart, or Iavelin, wee force back our armes, to make our loose the stronger.

1641, Ben Jonson, Discoveries Made upon Men and Matter:


loose

(archery) begin shooting; release your arrows


trail

en-verb

trail (third-person singular simple present trails, present participle trailing, simple past and past participle trailed)

trails (present singular third-person)
trailing (participle present)
trailed (participle past)
trailed (past)

From Middle English trailen, from Old French trailler (“to tow; pick up the scent of a quarry”), from Vulgar Latin *tragulāre (“to drag”), from Latin tragula (“dragnet, javelin thrown by a strap”), probably related to Latin trahere (“to pull, drag along”).

der

(military) To carry (a firearm) with the breech near the ground and the upper part inclined forward, the piece being held by the right hand near the middle.


turnpike

From Middle English turnpyke (“spiked barrier across a road”), originally used to block access to such a road until toll was paid. Equivalent to modern turn + pike (“shaft”).

inh

(military) A beam filled with spikes to obstruct passage; a cheval de frise.


chat

'Do officers have chats, then, the same as us?'
'Not the same, no. The chats they got is bigger and better, with pips on their shoulders and Sam Browne belts.'

1977, Mary Emily Pearce, Apple Tree Lean Down, page 520

May a thousand chats from Belgium crawl under their fingers as they write.

2007, How Can I Sleep when the Seagull Calls?, →ISBN, page 18:

Trench foot was a nasty and potentially fatal foot disease commonly caused by these conditions, in which chats or body lice were the bane of all.

2013, Graham Seal, The Soldiers' Press: Trench Journals in the First World War, →ISBN, page 149:

(British, Australia, New Zealand, World War I military slang) A louse (small, parasitic insect).


hard

en-adj

hard (comparative harder or more hard, superlative hardest or most hard)

harder (comparative)
more hard (comparative)
hardest (superlative)
most hard (superlative)

→ Finnish: haarti

→ Spanish: hard

From Middle English hard, from Old English heard, from Proto-West Germanic *hard(ī), from Proto-Germanic *harduz, from Proto-Indo-European *kort-ús, from *kret- (“strong, powerful”). Cognate with German hart, Swedish hård, Ancient Greek κρατύς (kratús), Sanskrit क्रतु (krátu), Avestan 𐬑𐬭𐬀𐬙𐬎 (xratu).

صَعْب

requiring a lot of effort to do or understand

a hard site

(personal or social) Having a severe property; presenting difficulty.

(military) Hardened; having unusually strong defences.


Bangalore

/ˌbæŋ.ɡəˈlɔː/

/ˌbæŋ.ɡəˈloɹ/

From Kannada ಬೆಂಗಳೂರು (beṅgaḷūru). See Bengaluru for details.

Bangalore torpedo
Bangalore torpedo#English

(military, slang) Ellipsis of Bangalore torpedo.


distance

en-noun

distance (countable and uncountable, plural distances)

distances (plural)
distaunce (alternative)

From Middle English distance, distaunce, destance (“disagreement, dispute; discrimination; armed conflict; hostility; trouble; space between two points; time interval”), from Anglo-Norman distance, distaunce, destance, Middle French distance, and Old French destance, destaunce, distaunce (“debate; difference, distinction; discord, quarrel; dispute; space between two points; time interval”) (modern French distance), and directly from their etymon Latin distantia (“difference, diversity; distance, remoteness; space between two points”) (whence also Late Latin distantia (“disagreement; discrepancy; gap, opening; time interval”)), from distāns (“being distant; standing apart”) + -ia (suffix forming feminine abstract nouns). Distāns is the present active participle of distō (“to be distant; to stand apart; to differ”), from dis- (prefix meaning ‘apart, asunder; in two’) + stō (“to stand”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand (up)”)).
The verb is derived from the noun.
Cognates
* Middle Dutch distancie, distantie (modern Dutch distantie); Dutch afstand (“distance”, literally “off-stand, off-stance”)
* German Distanz; German Abstand
* Italian distanza
* Portuguese distância
* Spanish distancia

afstand

(countable, uncountable) amount of space between points

The amount of space between points (often geographical points), usually (but not necessarily) measured along a straight line.

The maximum amount of space between a boxer and their opponent within which the boxer can punch effectively.

etäisyys

(boxing) maximum amount of space between a boxer and their opponent within which the boxer can punch effectively

Often in go the distance, last the distance, or stay the distance: the scheduled duration of a bout.

[William] Page. I haue heard the French-man hath good skill in his Rapier. / [Robert] Shal[low]. Tut ſir: I could haue told you more: In theſe times you ſtand on diſtance: your Paſſes, Stoccado's, and I knovv not vvhat: […]

c. 1597 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merry Wiues of Windsor”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene i], page 45, column 1:

(fencing) The amount of space between a fencer and their opponent, which the fencer tries to control in order to gain an advantage over the opponent.

etäisyys

(military) The amount of space between soldiers or cavalry riders marching or standing in a rank; also, the amount of space between such ranks.

väli

amount of space between soldiers or cavalry riders marching or standing in a rank; amount of space between such ranks


unit

Formerly unite, a later form of unity; see unity.

The fifth tank brigade moved in with 20 units. (i.e., 20 tanks)

(military, informal) A member of a military organization.

table of organization and equipment
table of organization and equipment

(US, military) Any military element whose structure is prescribed by competent authority, such as a table of organization and equipment; specifically, part of an organization.

поделение

military: military element with prescribed structure

(US, military) An organization title of a subdivision of a group in a task force.

(US, military) A standard or basic quantity into which an item of supply is divided, issued, or detailed. In this meaning, also called unit of issue.

(US, military) With regard to Reserve Components of the Armed Forces, denotes a Selected Reserve unit organized, equipped, and trained for mobilization to serve on active duty as a unit or to augment or be augmented by another unit. Headquarters and support functions without wartime missions are not considered units.


man-of-war

men-of-war (plural)
man of war (alternative)
man-o-war (alternative)
man o' war (alternative)
man-o'-war (alternative)

Samoan Plantation Pidgin: manua

Tok Pisin: manua

→ Dhivehi: މަނަވަރު (manavaru)

→ Swahili: manowari

Chatto & Windus
Isla Contoy
National Maritime Museum

From Late Middle English man of wer, man of werre (“fighting man, soldier”). It has been suggested that sense 2 (“powerful armed naval vessel”) derives from the fact that such vessels were manned by men-of-war (“soldiers”; sense 1).

any of a number of seabirds, especially one which attacks other seabirds for their food

not used in Finnish (no equivalent collective term; see the translation tables below)

The LORDE is the right man of warre, LORDE is his name. The charettes of Pharaor his power, hath he caſt in to the ſee.

1535 October 14 (Gregorian calendar), Myles Coverdale, transl., Biblia: The Byble, […] (Coverdale Bible), [Cologne or Marburg]: [Eucharius Cervicornus and Johannes Soter?], →OCLC, Exodus xv:[3], folio xxx, recto, column 1:

In an hour more, the whole house was awakened by a violent noise of howling, curses, and pots clattering to and fro. […] [T]he landlord was undermost, and the Ensign's arms were working up and down his face and body like the flaps of a paddle-wheel: the man of war had clearly the best of it.

1839 May – 1840 February, Ikey Solomons, Jun. [pseudonym; William Makepeace Thackeray], “Catherine: A Story. Chapter VI. The Adventures of the Ambassador, Mr. Macshane.”, in Catherine: A Story. Little Travels. The Fitz-Boodle Papers. etc. etc. (Works of William Makepeace Thackeray in Twenty-four Volumes; 22), London: Smith, Elder and Co., […], published 1869, →OCLC, page 79:

[T]he distinguished man of war, and worshipful scholar, Master Bloxham, was now promoted to take the tolls, and catch all the rebels around our part.

1869, R[ichard] D[oddridge] Blackmore, chapter XVI, in Lorna Doone: A Romance of Exmoor. […], volume III, London: Sampson Low, Son, & Marston, […], →OCLC, page 241:

(military, archaic except humorous) A man whose occupation is fighting in wars; a soldier, a warrior.

[W]e cannot be ſecure, vvhile ſuch huge Fleets of Men of VVar, both Spaniſh, French, Dutch, and Dunkirkeers, ſome of them laden vvith Ammunition, Men, Arms, and Armies, do daily ſail on our Seas, and confront the Kings Chambers; […]

1633 February 9 (Gregorian calendar), James Howell, “XI. To Sir Arthur Ingram, at York.”, in Epistolæ Ho-Elianæ. Familiar Letters Domestic and Forren. […], 3rd edition, volume I, London: […] Humphrey Mos[e]ley, […], published 1655, →OCLC, section VI, page 233:

In the lobby I spoke with Mr. George Montagu, and advised about a ship to carry my Lord Hinchingbroke and the rest of the young gentlemen to France, and they have resolved of going in a hired vessell from Rye, and not in a man of war.

1661 August 6 (date written; Gregorian calendar), Samuel Pepys, Mynors Bright, transcriber, “July 27th, 1661”, in Henry B[enjamin] Wheatley, editor, The Diary of Samuel Pepys […], volume II, London: George Bell & Sons […]; Cambridge: Deighton Bell & Co., published 1893, →OCLC, page 71:

[W]e ventured up to the mouth of the inner harbour, […] the entrance of the harbour blocked up by ſeveral old galleons and tvvo men of vvar that the enemy had ſunk in the channel.

1748, [Tobias Smollett], chapter XXXIII, in The Adventures of Roderick Random. […], volume I, London: […] [William Strahan] for J[ohn] Osborn […], →OCLC, page 292:

[N]o wonder that, although junior partner, and as modest as he was high-spirited, he trod his counting-house floor with a step vigorous and springy as the young captain of a man-of-war, for he felt that he was an emancipated slave; nay, more, a British merchant.

1838 (date written), L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter XVIII, in Lady Anne Granard; or, Keeping up Appearances. […], volume I, London: Henry Colburn, […], published 1842, →OCLC, page 229:

Well, I've not served the king for seven years for nothing, […] and I hope, sir, not heard the bullets whistling about my head like hail in a hail storm, without knowing how to take care of my ship. I like every thing man-of-war fashion, and then one's always prepared.

1840, [Frederick] Marryat, “More Cry than Wool—Bramble would Dig a Pit for Another and Tumbles in along with Him”, in Poor Jack. […], London: Longman, Orme, Brown, Green, and Longmans, […], →OCLC, page 240:

And there is kind of no ship or boat, built to swim in the sea, […] which does not lie at anchor in the Thames, somewhere between Greenwich Reach and London Bridge. […] [A]lso His Majesty's men-of-war—frigates, sloops-of-war, cutters, fire-ships, and every kind of vessel employed to beat off the enemies of the country, who would prey upon our commerce and destroy our merchantmen.

1887, Walter Besant, “How Jack Came to Deptford”, in The World Went Very Well Then […], volume I, London: Chatto & Windus, […], →OCLC, page 52:

His little man-o'-war top and unmentionables were full of sand but Cissy was a past mistress in the art of smoothing over life's tiny troubles and and^([sic]) very quickly not one speck of sand was to be seen on his smart little suit.

1922 February, James Joyce, “[Episode 13: Nausicaa]”, in Ulysses, Paris: Shakespeare and Company, […], →OCLC, part II [Odyssey], page 332:

(military, nautical, chiefly historical) A powerful armed naval vessel, primarily one armed with cannon and propelled by sails; a warship.

[H]ee is firſt broken to the Sea in the Herring mans Skiffe or Cockboate, vvhere hauing learned to brooke all vvaters, and drinke as he can out of a tarrie Canne, and eate poore Iohn out of ſvvuttie platters vvhen he may get it vvithout butter or muſtard, there is no ho vvith him but once hartned thus, hee vvill needes be a man of vvarre, or a Tobaco taker, and vveare a ſiluer VVhiſtle.

1599, [Thomas] Nashe, Nashes Lenten Stuffe, […], London: […] [Thomas Judson and Valentine Simmes] for N[icholas] L[ing] and C[uthbert] B[urby] […], →OCLC, page 27:

(obsolete, rare) In full man-of-war's-man: a sailor serving on board an armed naval vessel.


activate

en-verb

activate (third-person singular simple present activates, present participle activating, simple past and past participle activated)

activates (present singular third-person)
activating (participle present)
activated (participle past)
activated (past)

A new squadron was activated.

(transitive, military) To organize or create a military unit or station.


train

→ Irish: traein

→ Maltese: trejn

→ Scottish Gaelic: trèan

→ Welsh: trên

[t̠ɹ̠̊˔e̞ɪ̯n]

From Middle English trayne (“train”), from Old French train (“a delay, a drawing out”), from traïner (“to pull out, to draw”), from Vulgar Latin *traginō, from *tragō, from Latin trahō (“to pull, to draw”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *tregʰ- (“to pull, draw, drag”). The verb was derived from the noun in Middle English.
For the meaning to teach compare typologycally Russian ната́скивать (natáskivatʹ) (akin to тащи́ть (taščítʹ)).

m+

ната́скивать

it ain't the whistle that pulls the train

it is not the whistle that pulls the train

it isn't the whistle that pulls the train

it's not the whistle that pulls the train

(military) The men and vehicles following an army, which carry artillery and other equipment for battle or siege.


down

en-adj

down (comparative more down, superlative most down)

tlb

(chiefly predicative, but see usage notes)

more down (comparative)
most down (superlative)

From Middle English doun, doune, from Old English dūne (“down”), aphetic form of adūne (“down, downward”), from earlier ofdūne (“down”, literally “off the hill”), from of (“of, off of”) + dūn (“hill, mount, dune, down”). More at Etymology 2 below. For the development from directional phrases to prepositions, compare Middle Low German dāle (“down, downwards”, literally “(in/to the) dale/valley”), whence German Low German dal (“down”). Compare also Saterland Frisian deel (“down”, literally “to/into the dale”).

ncog

We have an officer down outside the suspect's house.

There are three soldiers down and one walking wounded.

(not comparable, military, law enforcement, slang, of a person) Wounded and unable to move normally, or killed.

We have a chopper down near the river.

(not comparable, military, aviation, slang, of an aircraft) Mechanically failed, collided, shot down, or otherwise suddenly unable to fly.


pin

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: pins

→ Polish: pin

→ Spanish: pin

→ Swahili: pini

→ Swedish: pin, pins

From Middle English pinne, from Old English pinn (“pin, peg, bolt”), from Proto-Germanic *pinnaz, *pinnō, *pint- (“protruding point, peak, peg, pin, nail”), from Proto-Indo-European *bend- (“protruding object, pointed peg, nail, edge”). Related to pen (“enclosure”).
Cognate with Dutch pin (“peg, pin”), Low German pin, pinne (“pin, point, nail, peg”), German Pinn, Pinne (“pin, tack, peg”), Bavarian Pfonzer, Pfunzer (“sharpened point”), Danish pind (“pin, pointed stick”), Norwegian pinn (“stick”), Swedish pinne (“peg, rod, stick”), Icelandic pinni (“pin”). More at pintle.
No relation to classical Latin pinna (“fin, flipper, wing-like appendage, wing, feather”), which was extended to mean "ridge, peak, point" (compare pinnacle), and often confused with Latin penna (“wing, feather”). More at feather and pen (Etymology 3).

cog

(wrestling, professional wrestling) The victory condition of holding the opponent's shoulders on the wrestling mat for a prescribed period of time.

For kings are clouts that euery man ſhoots at,
Our Crowne the pin that thouſands ſeeke to cleaue.

c. 1587–1588, [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], 2nd edition, part 1, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire, London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act II, scene iv:

the very pin of his heart cleft

c. 1591–1595 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Romeo and Ivliet”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene iv]:

(archery) The spot at the exact centre of the target, originally a literal pin that fastened the target in place.


pin

en-verb

pin (third-person singular simple present pins, present participle pinning, simple past and past participle pinned)

pins (present singular third-person)
pinning (participle present)
pinned (participle past)
pinned (past)

He pinned his opponent on the mat.


bear

bear (third-person singular simple present bears, present participle bearing, simple past bore or (archaic) bare, past participle borne or bore or (see usage notes) born)

bears (present singular third-person)
bearing (participle present)
bore (past)
bare (archaic past)
borne (participle past)
bore (participle past)
born (participle past)
bear (infinitive)
bear (first-person present singular)
bore (first-person past singular)
bare (archaic first-person past singular)
bear (present second-person singular)
bearest (archaic present second-person singular)
bore (past second-person singular)
bare (archaic past second-person singular)
borest (archaic past second-person singular)
barest (archaic past second-person singular)
bears (present singular third-person)
beareth (archaic present singular third-person)
bore (past singular third-person)
bare (archaic past singular third-person)
bear (plural present)
bore (past plural)
bare (archaic past plural)
bear (present subjunctive)
bore (past subjunctive)
bare (archaic past subjunctive)
bear (imperative present)
bearing (participle present)
borne (participle past)
bore (participle past)
born (participle past)

From Middle English beren (“carry, bring forth”), from Old English beran (“to carry, bear, bring”), from Proto-West Germanic *beran, from Proto-Germanic *beraną, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰéreti, from *bʰer- (“to bear, carry”).
Akin to Old High German beran (“carry”), Dutch baren, Norwegian Bokmål bære, Norwegian Nynorsk bera, German gebären, Gothic 𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌽 (bairan), Sanskrit भरति (bharati), Latin ferō, and Ancient Greek φέρω (phérō), Albanian bie (“to bring, to bear”), Russian брать (bratʹ, “to take”), Persian بردن (bordan, “to take, to carry”).

cog

hoz (with the objects gyümölcs and termés)

The cannons were wheeled around to bear upon the advancing troops.

2012, Ronald D. Utt, Ships of Oak, Guns of Iron
Constitution's gun crews crossed the deck to the already loaded larboard guns as Bainbridge wore the ship around on a larboard tack and recrossed his path in a rare double raking action to bring her guns to bear again on Java's damaged stern.

(intransitive, military, usually with on or upon) Of a weapon, to be aimed at an enemy or other target.


blow

en-verb

blow (third-person singular simple present blows, present participle blowing, simple past blew, past participle blown)

blows (present singular third-person)
blowing (participle present)
blew (past)
blown (participle past)

From Middle English blowen, from Old English blāwan (“to blow, breathe, inflate, sound”), from Proto-West Germanic *blāan, from Proto-Germanic *blēaną (“to blow”) (compare German blähen), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰleh₁- (“to swell, blow up”) (compare Latin flō (“to blow”) and Old Armenian բեղուն (bełun, “fertile”)).

der

(transitive, historical, military) To blow from a gun (method of executing a person).


break

en-verb

break (third-person singular simple present breaks, present participle breaking, simple past broke or (archaic) brake, past participle broken or (nonstandard) broke)

breaks (present singular third-person)
breaking (participle present)
broke (past)
brake (archaic past)
broken (participle past)
broke (nonstandard participle past)
break (infinitive)
break (first-person present singular)
broke (first-person past singular)
break (present second-person singular)
breakest (archaic present second-person singular)
broke (past second-person singular)
brokest (archaic past second-person singular)
breaks (present singular third-person)
breaketh (archaic present singular third-person)
broke (past singular third-person)
break (plural present)
broke (past plural)
break (present subjunctive)
broke (past subjunctive)
break (imperative present)
breaking (participle present)
broken (participle past)

From Middle English breken, from Old English brecan (“to break”), from Proto-West Germanic *brekan, from Proto-Germanic *brekaną (“to break”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰreg- (“to break”). Doublet of bray.
Cognates
Cognates of Germanic origin include Scots brek (“to break”), West Frisian brekke (“to break”), Dutch breken (“to break”), Low German breken (“to break”), German brechen (“to break”), French broyer (“to crush, grind”), Gothic 𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌽 (brikan, “to break, destroy”), Norwegian brek (“desire, yearning”).
Also cognate with Albanian brishtë (“fragile”), Latin frangō (“break, break up, shatter”, verb), whence English fracture and other terms – fragile, frail, fraction, and fragment.

breek

intransitive: to separate into (to end up in) two or more pieces

thyen

transitive: to separate into (to cause to end up in) two or more pieces

sındırmaq

to cause a person to lose spirit or will

խախտել

transitive: to do that which is forbidden by (something)

փչանալ

intransitive: to stop functioning properly or altogether

ջարդել

transitive: to cause to stop functioning

burst

ergative: separate into two or more pieces

contravene

transitive: do that which is forbidden by

break one's arm patting oneself on the back

you can't make an omelette without breaking eggs

Sir Reginald Wingate, High Commissioner in Egypt, was happy for the success of the work he had advocated for years. I grudged him this happiness; for McMahon, who took the actual risk of starting it, had been broken just before prosperity began.

1926, T.E. Lawrence, Seven Pillars of Wisdom, New York: Anchor, published 1991, page 167:

And he played no favorites: when his son-in-law sacked a city he had been told to spare, Genghis broke him to private.

1953 February 9, “Books: First Rulers of Asia”, in Time:

One morning after the budget had failed to balance Finanzminister von Scholz picked up Der Reichsanzeiger and found he had been broken to sergeant.

1968, William Manchester, The Arms of Krupp, Back Bay, published 2003, →ISBN, page 215:

Not long after this event, Clausen became involved in another disciplinary situation and was broken to private—the only one to win the Medal of Honor in Vietnam.

2006, Peter Collier, Medal of Honor: Portraits of Valor Beyond the Call of Duty, Second Edition, Artisan Books, →ISBN, page 42:

(transitive, military, most often in the passive tense) To demote; to reduce the military rank of.


burn

en-verb

burn (third-person singular simple present burns, present participle burning, simple past and past participle burned or (mostly Commonwealth) burnt or (obsolete) brent)

burns (present singular third-person)
burning (participle present)
burned (participle past)
burned (past)
burnt (Commonwealth participle past)
burnt (Commonwealth past)
brent (obsolete participle past)
brent (obsolete past)
burn (infinitive)
burn (first-person present singular)
burned (first-person past singular)
burnt (first-person past singular)
burn (present second-person singular)
burnest (archaic present second-person singular)
burned (past second-person singular)
burnt (past second-person singular)
burnedst (archaic past second-person singular)
burntest (archaic past second-person singular)
burns (present singular third-person)
burneth (archaic present singular third-person)
burned (past singular third-person)
burnt (past singular third-person)
burn (plural present)
burned (past plural)
burnt (past plural)
burn (present subjunctive)
burned (past subjunctive)
burnt (past subjunctive)
burn (imperative present)
burning (participle present)
burned (participle past)
burnt (participle past)

Sranan Tongo: bron

Aukan: boon

From Middle English bernen (collateral form of brennen), from Old English birnan (“to burn”), metathesis from Proto-West Germanic *brinnan, from Proto-Germanic *brinnaną (“to burn”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrenw-, present stem from *bʰrewh₁-. Doublet of brew.
See also Middle Irish brennim (“drink up”), bruinnim (“bubble up”); also Middle Irish bréo (“flame”), Albanian burth (“Cyclamen hederifolium, mouth burning”), Sanskrit भुरति (bhurati, “moves quickly, twitches, fidgets”). More at brew.

polttaa

to consume, injure, or change the condition of, as if by action of fire or heat

He had already burned his cover with Mrs. Phillips, and it was not a mistake he intended to make again.

Eventually they'd report back to Ryker, and he still didn't know if Ryker had personally burned his cover and sent assassins after him, or if the SSU had a mole. Until he knew for certain, he had to play this safe.

2013, Vanessa Kier, Vengeance: The SSU Book 1:

(transitive, espionage) To compromise (an agent's cover story).

"How does Leipzig burn him precisely?" Enderby insisted. "What's the pressure? Dirty pix—well, okay. Karla's a puritan, so's Kirov. But I mean, Christ, this isn't the fifties, is it? […]


burst

From Middle English bresten, bersten, from Old English berstan, from Proto-West Germanic *brestan, from Proto-Germanic *brestaną, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰres- (“to burst, break, crack, split, separate”), enlargement of *bʰreHi- (“to snip, split”).
See also West Frisian boarste, Dutch barsten, Swedish brista; also Irish bris (“to break”)). More at brine. Also cognate to debris.

der

a ground burst; a surface burst

(military) The explosion of a bomb or missile.


cut

en-noun

cut (countable and uncountable, plural cuts)

From Middle English cutten, kitten, kytten, ketten (“to cut”) (compare Scots kut, kit (“to cut”)), of North Germanic origin, from Old Norse *kytja, *kutta, from Proto-Germanic *kutjaną, *kuttaną (“to cut”), of uncertain origin, perhaps related to Proto-Germanic *kwetwą (“meat, flesh”) (compare Old Norse kvett (“meat”)). Akin to Middle Swedish kotta (“to cut or carve with a knife”) (compare dialectal Swedish kåta, kuta (“to cut or chip with a knife”), Swedish kuta, kytti (“a knife”)), Norwegian Bokmål kutte (“to cut”), Norwegian Nynorsk kutte (“to cut”), Icelandic kuta (“to cut with a knife”), Old Norse kuti (“small knife”), Norwegian kyttel, kytel, kjutul (“pointed slip of wood used to strip bark”). Displaced native Middle English snithen (from Old English snīþan; compare German schneiden), which still survives in some dialects as snithe or snead. See snide. Adjective sense of "drunk" (now rare and now usually used in the originally jocular derivative form of half-cut) dates from the 17th century, from cut in the leg, to have cut your leg, euphemism for being very drunk.

leikkaus

notch, passage, or channel made by cutting or digging

en:any act of cutting, literally or figuratively

en:type of attack in fencing; instance thereof

(literal, figurative) The act of cutting.

(fencing) An attack made with a chopping motion of the blade, landing with its edge or point.

coupé

fencing: attack made with a chopping motion of the blade


drive

en-noun

drive (countable and uncountable, plural drives)

[d̠ɹ̠ ̝ʷaɪv]

From Middle English driven, from Old English drīfan (“to drive, force, move”), from Proto-West Germanic *drīban, from Proto-Germanic *drībaną (“to drive”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰreybʰ- (“to drive, push”).
Cognates
Cognate with Scots drive (“to drive”), North Frisian driwe (“to drive”), Saterland Frisian drieuwe (“to drive”), West Frisian driuwe (“to chase, drive, impel”), Dutch drijven (“to drive”), Low German drieven (“to drive, drift, push”), German treiben (“to drive, push, propel”), Norwegian Bokmål drive, Danish drive (“to drive, run, force”), Norwegian Nynorsk driva, Swedish driva (“to drive, power, drift, push, force”), Icelandic drífa (“to drive, hurry, rush”).

cog

Napoleon's drive on Moscow was as determined as it was disastrous.

On the other hand, in Eritrea (once our Forces had recaptured Kassala on January 19) the drive was generally eastward towards the capital, Asmara, and the Red Sea port of Massaua.

1941 August, Charles E. Lee, “Railways of Italian East Africa—I”, in Railway Magazine, page 340:

(military) A sustained advance in the face of the enemy to take an objective.


dart

From Middle English dart, from Old French dart, dard (“dart”), from Medieval Latin dardus, from Frankish *darōþu (“dart, spear”), from Proto-Germanic *darōþuz (“dart, spear”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰerh₃- (“to leap, spring”).
Compare Old High German tart (“javelin, dart”), Old English daroþ, dearod (“javelin, spear, dart”), Swedish dart (“dart, dagger”), Icelandic darraður, darr, dör (“dart, spear”).

der

Fighter aircraft also use restricted areas for target shooting at darts towed 1500 feet behind another aircraft.

1988, Michigan Aviation, volumes 21-25, page 62:

(military) A dart-shaped target towed behind an aircraft to train shooters.


sandbox

sandboxes (plural)
sand box (alternative)
sand-box (alternative)

→ Chinese: 沙盒 (shāhé) (calque)

(US, military, slang, usually "The Sandbox") The Middle East.


hit

en-verb

hit (third-person singular simple present hits, present participle hitting, simple past hit or (dialectal, obsolete) hat or (rare, dialectal) het, past participle hit or (archaic, rare, dialectal) hitten)

hits (present singular third-person)
hitting (participle present)
hit (past)
hat (dialectal obsolete past)
het (dialectal past rare)
hit (participle past)
hitten (archaic dialectal participle past rare)

miss

antonym(s) of “manage to touch in the right place”

From Middle English hitten (“to hit, strike, make contact with”), from Old English hittan (“to meet with, come upon, fall in with”), from Old Norse hitta (“to strike, meet”), from Proto-Germanic *hittijaną (“to come upon, find”), from Proto-Indo-European *kh₂eyd- (“to fall; fall upon; hit; cut; hew”).
Cognate with Icelandic hitta (“to meet”), Danish hitte (“to find”), Latin caedō (“to kill”), Albanian qit (“to hit, throw, pull out, release”).

cog

don't let the door hit you on the way out

let the door hit you where the good Lord split you

not be able to hit the broad side of a barn

If intelligence had been what it should have been, I don't think we'd ever have hit that island.

(transitive, military) To attack, especially amphibiously.

To strike.
To attack, especially amphibiously.


hold

Derived from Middle English holden, derived from Old English healdan, derived from Proto-West Germanic *haldan, derived from Proto-Germanic *haldaną (“to tend, herd”), maybe derived from Proto-Indo-European *kel- (“to drive”).
Cognates
*West Frisian hâlde
*Low German holden, holen
*Dutch houden
*German halten
*Danish
*Norwegian Bokmål holde
*Norwegian Nynorsk halda.
Compare Latin celer (“quick”), Tocharian B käl- (“to goad, drive”), Ancient Greek κέλλω (kéllō, “to drive”), Sanskrit कलयति (kalayati, “to impel”).

der+

He got him in a tight hold and pinned him to the mat.

en:position or grip to control an opponent

(wrestling, self-defense) A position or grip used to control the opponent.


pigeon

en-noun

pigeon (countable and uncountable, plural pigeons)

pigeons (plural)
pidgeon (alternative archaic)

Inherited from Middle English pygeoun, borrowed from Old French pyjon, inherited from Late Latin pīpiōnem (“chirping bird”), derived from Latin pīpiāre (“chirp”), of imitative origin. Partly displaced native English dove.

domestic pigeon (Columba livia domestica or

Comoros green pigeon

Treron comorensis or Treron australis griveaudi

Madeiran wood pigeon †Columba palumbus maderensis

wood pigeon

Columba palumbus or Hemiphaga novaeseelandiae

(Australia, military slang) A weak or useless person.


lay

en-verb

lay (third-person singular simple present lays, present participle laying, simple past laid, past participle laid or (colloquial) lain)

lays (present singular third-person)
laying (participle present)
laid (past)
laid (participle past)
lain (colloquial participle past)
lay (infinitive)
lay (first-person present singular)
laid (first-person past singular)
lay (present second-person singular)
layest (archaic present second-person singular)
laid (past second-person singular)
laidst (archaic past second-person singular)
laidest (archaic past second-person singular)
lays (present singular third-person)
layeth (archaic present singular third-person)
laid (past singular third-person)
lay (plural present)
laid (past plural)
lay (present subjunctive)
laid (past subjunctive)
lay (imperative present)
laying (participle present)
laid (participle past)

Inherited from Middle English leyen, leggen, from Old English leċġan (“to lay”), from Proto-West Germanic *laggjan, from Proto-Germanic *lagjaną (“to lay”), causative form of Proto-Germanic *ligjaną (“to lie, recline”), from Proto-Indo-European *legʰ- (“to lie, recline”).
Cognate with West Frisian lizze (“to lay, to lie”), Dutch leggen (“to lay”), German legen (“to lay”), Norwegian Bokmål legge (“to lay”), Norwegian Nynorsk leggja (“to lay”), Swedish lägga (“to lay”), Icelandic leggja (“to lay”), Albanian lag (“troop, band, war encampment”).

cog

the best laid plans of mice and men go oft astray

the best laid plans of mice and men often go awry

to lay a gun

(transitive)
(military) To point; to aim.


light

en-adj

light (comparative lighter, superlative lightest)

lighter (comparative)
lightest (superlative)
lite (alternative)
lighte (alternative)
lyght (alternative)
lyghte (alternative)
licht (alternative Scotland)

forceful

antonym(s) of “having little force or momentum”

calorific

antonym(s) of “low in fat, calories, etc”

crucial

antonym(s) of “having little value or significance”

From Old English lēoht, līht, from Proto-West Germanic *lį̄ht, from Proto-Germanic *linhtaz or *līhtaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁lengʷʰ- (“light”).
Cognate with Dutch licht, German leicht, Swedish lätt, Norwegian lett, Albanian lehtë, Latin levis, Russian лёгкий (ljóxkij), Lithuanian lengvas, Sanskrit लघु (laghu), Persian لاغر (lāghar).

light infantry; a troop of light horse

Lacking that which burdens or makes heavy.

(military) Not heavily armed; armed with light weapons.


light

lights (plural)
lite (alternative)
lighte (alternative)
lyght (alternative)
lyghte (alternative)
licht (alternative Scotland)

(military, historical) A member of the light cavalry.


make

makes (plural)
mak (alternative Durham Wearside dialectal)
makee (alternative pronunciation-spelling)
myek (alternative Geordie dialectal)

From Middle English maken, from Old English macian (“to make, build, work”), from Proto-West Germanic *makōn (“to make, build, work”), from Proto-Indo-European *meh₂ǵ- (“to knead, mix, make”).
Related to match.
Cognates
* Scots mak (“to make”)
* Saterland Frisian moakje (“to make”)
* West Frisian meitsje (“to make”)
* Dutch maken (“to make”)
* Dutch Low Saxon maken (“to make”)
* German Low German maken (“to make”)
* German machen (“to make, do”)
* Danish mage (“to make, arrange (in a certain way)”)
* Latin mācerō, macer
* Ancient Greek μάσσω (mássō)

cog

Sent back the list of makes with only Post and Hamilton on it. (Buckner had recommended 10 staff officers and 1 combat soldier!)

2004, Joseph Stilwell, Seven Stars: The Okinawa Battle Diaries of Simon Bolivar Buckner, Jr. and Joseph Stilwell, →ISBN, page 94:


bull

en-noun

bull (countable and uncountable, plural bulls)

bear

investor who sells in anticipation of a fall in prices

From Middle English bole, bul, bule, from a conflation of Old English bula (“bull, steer”) and Old Norse boli, both from Proto-Germanic *bulô (“bull”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰl̥no-, from *bʰel- (“to blow, swell up”). Cognate with West Frisian bolle, Dutch bul, German Low German Bull, German Bulle, Swedish bulla; also Old Irish ball (“limb”), Latin follis (“bellows, leather bag”), Thracian βόλινθος (“wild bull”), Macedonian вол (vol, "ox"), Slovene vol ("ox"), Albanian buall (“buffalo”) or related bolle (“testicles”), Ancient Greek φαλλός (phallós, “penis”).

rozzer. See also Thesaurus:police officer

(military, firearms) The central portion of a target, inside the inner and magpie.


bull

en-verb

bull (third-person singular simple present bulls, present participle bulling, simple past and past participle bulled)

bulls (present singular third-person)
bulling (participle present)
bulled (participle past)
bulled (past)

From Middle English bull, bul, boule (“falsehood, deceit”), probably from Old French boul, boule, bole (“fraud, deceit, cunning”), from Old French bouler, boler (“to deceive, delude, lure, take in”), from Middle Low German bôlen (“to woo, court”), related to German buhlen (“to woo”), English bully. Often reanalyzed by surface analysis to be an expurgated clipping of bullshit.

der

We were to repeat our normal practise of me bulling his boots and him ironing my kit.

2014, Sean Connolly, British Army on the Rampage (B.A.O.R.) (page 118)

(UK, military, transitive) To polish (boots) to a high shine.


paint

en-verb

paint (third-person singular simple present paints, present participle painting, simple past and past participle painted)

paints (present singular third-person)
painting (participle present)
painted (participle past)
painted (past)

→ Kashubian: peintowac (United States)

From Middle English peynten, from Old French peintier, paincter, itself from paint, the past participle of paindre, from Latin pingō (“to paint”) (perfect passive participle pictus). Displaced native Old English tēafor (“paint”) and *tīefran (“to paint”).

"We'll paint the target for the flyboys," the JTAC said.

The Albuquerque radar “painted” just one object whenever the light was on, none when it was off.

2023, J. Allen Hynek, The UFO Experience: Evidence Behind Close Encounters, Project Blue Book, and the Search for Answers, Red Wheel/Weiser, →ISBN, page 73:

(transitive, military or aviation, slang) To detect (something) with radar.


rake

rake (third-person singular simple present rakes, present participle raking, simple past and past participle raked)

rakes (present singular third-person)
raking (participle present)
raked (participle past)
raked (past)
rake (infinitive)
rake (first-person present singular)
raked (first-person past singular)
rake (present second-person singular)
rakest (archaic present second-person singular)
raked (past second-person singular)
rakedst (archaic past second-person singular)
rakes (present singular third-person)
raketh (archaic present singular third-person)
raked (past singular third-person)
rake (plural present)
raked (past plural)
rake (present subjunctive)
raked (past subjunctive)
rake (imperative present)
raking (participle present)
raked (participle past)

The verb is partly derived from rake (“tool with a row of pointed teeth”) (see etymology 1) and from Middle English raken (“to rake; to gather by raking; to rake away (debris); to cover with something; (figurative) to conceal, hide; to destroy”) [and other forms], from Old Norse raka (“to scrape”), from Proto-Germanic *raką, probably ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₃reǵ- (“to straighten, right oneself”).
Cognates
The English word is cognate with Middle Dutch rāken (modern Dutch raken (“to rake”) (regional)), Middle Low German rāken, Old Danish raghæ, rakæ (modern Danish rage (“to shave”)), Old Swedish raka (modern Swedish raka (“to rake; to shave”)).
The noun is derived from the verb.

يجمع الحشائش

to act upon with a rake, or as if with a rake

kulkea edestakaisin

to move across (something) with a long side-to-side motion

tulittaa edestakaisin

To act upon with a rake, or as if with a rake.

(ambitransitive, also figurative) To move (a beam of light, a glance with the eyes, etc.) across (something) with a long side-to-side motion; specifically (often military) to use a weapon to fire at (something) with a side-to-side motion; to spray with gunfire.

(military, nautical) To fire upon an enemy vessel from a position in line with its bow or stern, causing one's fire to travel through the length of the enemy vessel for maximum damage.


boot

Solombala English: бучь (bučʹ)

→ Maltese: buz

→ Russian: бутса (butsa)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бу́це

Latin script: búce

→ Swahili: buti

From Middle English boote, bote (“shoe”), from Old French bote (“a high, thick shoe”). Of obscure origin, but probably related to Old French bot (“club-foot”), bot (“fat, short, blunt”), from Old Frankish *butt, from Proto-Germanic *buttaz, *butaz (“cut off, short, numb, blunt”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰewt-, *bʰewd- (“to strike, push, shock”); if so, a doublet of butt. Compare Old Norse butt (“stump”), Low German butt (“blunt, plump”), Old English bytt (“small piece of land”), buttuc (“end”). More at buttock and debut.

cog

a lie can run around the world before the truth can get its boots on

Did you even go to OCS, you complete and utter boot!?

2020 November 2, JoshScorcher, “Top Ten Hated Characters We're Supposed to Like”, in YouTube:

(US, military, law enforcement, slang) A recently arrived recruit; a rookie.

(firearms) A hard plastic case for a long firearm, typically moulded to the shape of the gun and intended for use in a vehicle.


scissors

en-noun

scissors pl (plural only, attributive scissor)

scissor (attributive)
cizars (alternative obsolete)
cizers (alternative obsolete)
scissars (alternative archaic)
sissors (alternative obsolete)

From Middle English sisours (attested since 1350–1400), from Old French cisoirs, from Late Latin cīsōria, plural of cīsōrium (“cutting tool”); from Latin word root -cīsus (compare excise) or caesus, past participle of caedō (“to cut”). Partially displaced native Old English sċēara (“scissors, shears”), whence shears. Doublet of chisel.
The current spelling, from the 16th century, is due to association with Medieval Latin scissor (“tailor”), from Latin carrying the meaning “carver, cutter”, from scindō (“to split”).

(uncountable, aviation, military, with the) A type of defensive maneuver in dogfighting, involving repeatedly turning one's aircraft towards that of the attacker in order to force them to overshoot.

(countable, aviation, military) An instance of the above dogfighting maneuver.


attention

attention (countable and uncountable, plural attentions)

From Middle English attencioun, borrowed from Latin attentio, attentionis, from attendere, past participle attentus (“to attend, give heed to”); see attend.

attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

The company will now come to attention.

(uncountable, military) A state of alertness in the standing position.

внима́ние

(in the phrase "vigyázzban áll") vigyázz


attention

(military) Used as a command to bring soldiers to the attention position.


crime

en-verb

crime (third-person singular simple present crimes, present participle criming, simple past and past participle crimed)

crimes (present singular third-person)
criming (participle present)
crimed (participle past)
crimed (past)

From Middle English cryme, crime, from Old French crime, crimne, from Latin crīmen. Displaced native Old English firen.

Nevertheless, in the course of a few days he is again intoxicated, creates disturbance in his quarters, is confined by his sergeant, crimed, and brought before the commanding officer […]

1846, John Mercier McMullen, Camp and Barrack-room, Or, The British Army as it is, page 298:

(UK, military, transitive) To subject to disciplinary punishment.


chin

From Middle English chyn, from Old English ċinn (“chin”), from Proto-West Germanic *kinnu, from Proto-Germanic *kinnuz (“chin”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵénus (“chin, jaw”).
Compare West Frisian/Dutch kin, Low German/German Kinn, Danish kind, Icelandic kinn, Welsh gen, Latin gena, Tocharian A śanweṃ, Ancient Greek γένυς (génus, “jaw”), Armenian ծնոտ (cnot), Persian چانه (čâne), Sanskrit हनु (hánu). Doublet of gena.

inh

(boxing, uncountable) The ability to withstand being punched in the chin without being knocked out.


button

→ German: Button

→ Hindi: बटन (baṭan)

→ Gujarati: બટન (baṭan)

→ Korean: 버튼 (beoteun)

→ Maori: pātene

→ Marathi: बटण (baṭaṇ)

→ Urdu: بَٹَن (baṭan)

From Middle English boton, botoun, from Old French boton (Modern French bouton), from Old French bouter, boter (“to push; thrust”), ultimately from a Germanic language. Doublet of Biden and beat. More at butt.

(fencing) The soft circular tip at the end of a foil.


chalk

en-noun

chalk (countable and uncountable, plural chalks)

chalks (plural)
chaulk (alternative dated)

→ Japanese: チャコ (chako), チョーク (chōku)

→ Nepali: चक (cak)

→ Swahili: chaki

→ Swazi: íshóki

→ Thai: ชอล์ก (chɔ́k)

→ Tsonga: choko

→ Tulu: ಚಾಕ್ (cākŭ)

→ Yoruba: ṣọ́ọ̀kì

From Middle English chalk, chalke, from Old English ċealc, from Proto-West Germanic *kalk, borrowed from Latin calx (“limestone”), again borrowed from Ancient Greek χάλιξ (khálix, “pebble”). Doublet of calx and cauk.

(US, military, countable) A platoon-sized group of airborne soldiers.


basket

basket (countable and uncountable, plural baskets)

→ Cornish: basket

→ Irish: bascaed

→ Welsh: basged

From Middle English basket, from Anglo-Norman baschet, basket, bascat, of obscure origin.
One theory is that it derives from Late Latin bascauda (“kettle, table-vessel”), from Proto-Brythonic (in Breton baskodenn), from Proto-Celtic *baskis (“bundle, load”), from purported Proto-Indo-European *bʰask- (“bundle”), but this is now widely viewed as a substrate word for phonetic reasons. Related to Latin fascis (“bundle, package, load”) (whence English fasces), Albanian bokshe (“bundle”), Breton bac'h (“bundle, load”), Ancient Greek φάκελος (phákelos) and βάσκιοι (báskioi) (“bundle (of sticks)”); see also faggot (“(originally) bundle of sticks”).

unk

obscure

buslo

a large, deep basket used especially in marketing

pangnan

a small basket used by fishermen or to hold flowers or fruit

Don't smoosh the basket.

(military, aircraft) A drogue (or para-drogue) in the probe-and-drogue refueling method


bridge

bridges (plural)
bridg (alternative obsolete)
brigge (alternative)

From Middle English brigge, from Old English brycġ (“bridge”), from Proto-Germanic *brugjō, *brugjǭ (“bridge”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerw-, *bʰrēw- (“wooden flooring, decking, bridge”).
Cognate with Scots brig, brigg, breeg (“bridge”), Saterland Frisian Brääch (“bridge”), West Frisian brêge (“bridge”), Dutch brug (“bridge”), German Brücke (“bridge”), Danish brygge (“wharf”), Icelandic brygga (“pier”), Gaulish briua (“bridge”).
The verb is from Middle English briggen, from Old English brycġian (“to bridge, make a causeway, pave”), derived from the noun. Cognate with Dutch bruggen (“to bridge”), Middle Low German bruggen (“to bridge”), Old High German bruccōn (“to bridge”) (whence Modern German brücken).
The musical connection sense is a semantic loan from German Steg, from Old High German steg.

ацҳа

construction or natural feature that spans a divide

if someone told you to jump off a bridge, would you do it

(wrestling) A defensive position in which the wrestler is supported by his feet and head, belly-up, in order to prevent touch-down of the shoulders and eventually to dislodge an opponent who has established a position on top.


bridge

en-verb

bridge (third-person singular simple present bridges, present participle bridging, simple past and past participle bridged)

bridges (present singular third-person)
bridging (participle present)
bridged (participle past)
bridged (past)
bridg (alternative obsolete)
brigge (alternative)

(wrestling) To go to the bridge position.


curtain

Inherited from Middle English curtine, from Old French cortine, from Late Latin cōrtīna (“curtain”), a calque from Ancient Greek.

Captain Rense, beleagring the Citie of Errona for us, […] caused a forcible mine to be wrought under a great curtine of the walles […].

(fortifications) The flat area of wall which connects two bastions or towers; the main area of a fortified wall.

tiāroa

in a fortification the main area of a fortified wall.


brick

en-noun

brick (countable and uncountable, plural bricks)

⇒ Welsh: brics

From Late Middle English brik, bryke, bricke, from Middle Low German and Middle Dutch bricke ("cracked or broken brick; tile-stone"; modern Dutch brik), ultimately related to Proto-West Germanic *brekan (“to break”), whence also Old French briche and French brique (“brick”). Compare also German Low German Brickje (“small board, tray”). Related to break.

gloss

"cracked or broken brick; tile-stone"; modern Dutch <i class="Latn mention" lang="nl">brik</i>

cog

I was on deck watching the firing, and looking at the direction in which our guns were pointing, it was obvious that it was not going to be Centurion who was going to receive our bricks.

2019, Daniel Knowles, HMS Hood: Pride of the Royal Navy:

(firearms) A carton of 500 rimfire cartridges, which forms the approximate size and shape of a brick.


overdraw

en-verb

overdraw (third-person singular simple present overdraws, present participle overdrawing, simple past overdrew, past participle overdrawn)

overdraws (present singular third-person)
overdrawing (participle present)
overdrew (past)
overdrawn (participle past)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-overdraw.wav

(archery) To use a device for shooting arrows shorter than the draw of the bow.


report

desc

→ Japanese: レポート (repōto), リポート (ripōto)

non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger

From Middle English reporten, from Anglo-Norman reporter, Middle French reporter, and their source, Latin reportāre (“to carry back, return, remit, refer”), from re- + portāre.

der

While their masters, the mates, seemed afraid of the sound of the hinges of their own jaws, the harpooneers chewed their food with such a relish that there was a report to it.

1851 November 14, Herman Melville, “The Cabin Table”, in Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers; London: Richard Bentley, →OCLC, page 166:

[…] a pistol-shot, flash and report, came from the hedge-side.

1881–1882, Robert Louis Stevenson, Treasure Island, London; Paris: Cassell & Company, published 14 November 1883, →OCLC:

He knelt upon one knee, cocked the weapon, placed the muzzle against the man's forehead, and turning away his eyes pulled the trigger. There was no report. He had used his last cartridge for the horse.

1889, The Coup de Grâce, Ambrose Bierce:

(firearms) The sharp, loud sound from a gun or explosion.

výbuch

ballistics: the sharp, loud sound from a gun or explosion


ring

→ French: ring
→ Romanian: ring

→ Hungarian: ring

→ Italian: ring

→ Japanese: リング

→ Polish: ring

→ Serbo-Croatian: ring

→ Spanish: ring

→ Turkish: ring

From Middle English ryng, from Old English hring (“ring, circle”), from Proto-West Germanic *hring, from Proto-Germanic *hringaz (“ring”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)krengʰ-, extended nasalized form of *(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”). Doublet of rank and rink, as well as indirectly range.
Cognates
* West Frisian ring
* Low German Ring
* Dutch ring
* German Ring
* Swedish ring
* Finnish rengas
More distantly cognate with Proto-Slavic *krǫgъ (whence Bulgarian кръг (krǎg), Polish krąg, Russian круг (krug)).

(firearms) Either of the pair of clamps used to hold a telescopic sight to a rifle.


sell

en-verb

sell (third-person singular simple present sells, present participle selling, simple past and past participle sold)

sells (present singular third-person)
selling (participle present)
sold (participle past)
sold (past)

desc

Chinese Pidgin English: sellum, 些林 (Chinese spelling)

Sranan Tongo: seri

From Middle English sellen, from Old English sellan (“give; give up for money”), from Proto-West Germanic *salljan, from Proto-Germanic *saljaną, from Proto-Indo-European *selh₁-. Compare Danish sælge, Swedish sälja, Icelandic selja.

inh

buy when it snows(,/ and) sell when it goes

don't sell the skin till you have caught the bear

sell one's birthright for a mess of pottage

(transitive, professional wrestling, slang) To pretend that an opponent's blows or maneuvers are causing legitimate injury; to act.


shoot

en-verb

shoot (third-person singular simple present shoots, present participle shooting, simple past shot, past participle shot or (rare) shotten)

shoots (present singular third-person)
shooting (participle present)
shot (past)
shot (participle past)
shotten (participle past rare)
shoot (infinitive)
shoot (first-person present singular)
shot (first-person past singular)
shooted (archaic first-person past singular)
shoot (present second-person singular)
shootest (archaic present second-person singular)
shot (past second-person singular)
shooted (archaic past second-person singular)
shootedst (archaic past second-person singular)
shoots (present singular third-person)
shooteth (archaic present singular third-person)
shot (past singular third-person)
shooted (archaic past singular third-person)
shoot (plural present)
shot (past plural)
shooted (archaic past plural)
shoot (present subjunctive)
shot (past subjunctive)
shooted (archaic past subjunctive)
shoot (imperative present)
shooting (participle present)
shot (participle past)
shooted (archaic participle past)
shotten (archaic participle past)

→ Catalan: xut

→ Greek: σουτ (sout)

→ Hijazi Arabic: شوت (šūt)

→ North Levantine Arabic: شوت (šūt)

→ Persian: شوت (šut)

desc

→ Portuguese: chuto, chute (Brazil), chutar

→ Romanian: șut

→ Vietnamese: sút

From Middle English shoten, from Old English scēotan, from Proto-West Germanic *skeutan, from Proto-Germanic *skeutaną, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kéwd-e-ti, from *(s)kewd- (“to shoot, throw”).
Cognates
Cognate with West Frisian sjitte, Low German scheten, Dutch schieten, German schießen, Danish skyde, Norwegian Bokmål skyte, Norwegian Nynorsk skyta, Swedish skjuta; and also, through Indo-European, with Russian кида́ть (kidátʹ), Albanian hedh (“to throw, toss”), Persian چست (čost, “quick, active”), Lithuanian skudrùs.

(+ partitive object when injuring or genitive object when killing) ampua

when the looting starts, the shooting starts

(sports) To act or achieve.
(wrestling) To lunge.

(professional wrestling) To deviate from kayfabe, either intentionally or accidentally; to actually connect with unchoreographed fighting blows and maneuvers, or speak one's mind (instead of an agreed script).


shoot

Catalan: xut

Portuguese: chuto

(professional wrestling, slang) An event that is unscripted or legitimate.


shot

en-noun

shot (countable and uncountable, plural shots)

→ Dutch: shot

→ French: shot

→ Macedonian: шот (šot)

→ Malay: syot

→ Polish: shot

→ Portuguese: shot

→ Russian: шот (šot)

→ Spanish: shot

→ Swedish: shot

→ Ukrainian: шот (šot)

From Old English sceot, from Proto-Germanic *skutą; compare the doublet scot.

you miss 100% of the shots you don't take

The shot for this ship's deck guns, in that day, consisted only of solid iron balls such as ten-pounders.

Accurſt be he that firſt inuented war,
They knew not, ah, they knew not ſimple men,
How thoſe were hit by pelting Cannon ſhot,
Stand ſtaggering like a quiuering Aſpen leafe,
Fearing the force of Boreas boiſtrous blaſts.

c. 1587–1588, [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], 2nd edition, part 1, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire, London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act II, scene iv:

(uncountable, military, historical) Metal or stone balls (or similar), not necessarily small, used as ammunition.


show

show (countable and uncountable, plural shows)

shows (plural)
shew (alternative archaic)
shewe (alternative obsolete)
showe (alternative obsolete)

→ Catalan: xou

→ Danish: show

→ Dutch: show

→ Finnish: show

→ French: show

→ German: Show

→ Hindi: शो (śo)

→ Hungarian: show

→ Japanese: ショー (shō)

→ Korean: 쇼 (syo)

→ Norwegian Bokmål: show

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: show

→ Portuguese: show

→ Russian: шоу (šou)

→ Spanish: show

→ Swedish: show

→ Turkish: şov

→ Urdu: شو (śo)

From Middle English schewe, from the verb (schewen).

A subaltern, wearing a glengarry, came out of a house, playing with the nose of a shell. He walked a little way with me.
“Going into the show?”

1918, Denis Garstin, The Shilling Soldiers, London: Hodder and Stoughton, page 116:

(military, slang) A battle; local conflict.


sling

→ Spanish: eslinga

From Middle English slynge (noun), slyngen (verb), probably from Old Norse slyngja, slyngva (“to hurl”), from Proto-Germanic *slingwaną (“to worm, twist”) or compare Old English slingan (“to wind, twist”), from the same source.
Compare German schlingen (“to swing, wind, twist”), Danish and Norwegian slynge), from Proto-Indo-European *slenk- (“to turn, twist”) (compare Welsh llyngyr (“worms, maggots”), Lithuanian sliñkti (“to crawl like a snake”), Latvian slìkt (“to sink”)).

cog

The Sling is also a weapon of great antiquity, formerly in high estimation among the ancients.

1786, Francis Grose, A Treatise on Ancient Armour and Weapons, page 43:

(weaponry) An instrument for throwing stones or other missiles, consisting of a short strap with two strings fastened to its ends, or with a string fastened to one end and a light stick to the other.

hobe

instrument for throwing — see also slingshot


spread

en-noun

spread (countable and uncountable, plural spreads)

From Middle English spreden, from Old English sprǣdan (“to spread, expand”), from Proto-Germanic *spraidijaną (“to spread”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)per- (“to strew, sow, sprinkle”).
Cognate with Saterland Frisian spreede (“to spread”), West Frisian spriede (“to spread”), North Frisian spriedjen (“to spread”), Dutch spreiden (“to spread”), Low German spreden (“to spread”), German spreiten (“to spread, spread out”), Norwegian spre, spreie (“to spread, disseminate”), Swedish sprida (“to spread”), Latin spernō, spargō, Ancient Greek σπείρω (speírō), Persian سپردن (sepordan, “to deposit”), English spurn.

cog

Johnston, meanwhile, has managed to get within five miles of its target, and fires a full spread of ten torpedoes. Minutes later, at least two, possibly three, tear the bow off the hapless cruiser Kumano. First blood, unbelievably, therefore, goes to the Americans.

2019 February 27, Drachinifel, 18:01 from the start, in The Battle of Samar - Odds? What are those?, archived from the original on 2022-11-03:

(military) A set of multiple torpedoes launched on side-by-side, slowly-diverging paths toward one or more enemy ships.


stick

en-noun

stick (countable and uncountable, plural sticks)

→ Catalan: estic

→ Italian: stick

→ Korean: 스틱 (seutik)

→ Portuguese: stique, estique

→ Sranan Tongo: tiki

From Middle English stikke (“stick, rod, twig”), from Old English sticca (“rod, twig”), from Proto-West Germanic *stikkō, from Proto-Germanic *stikkô, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)teyg- (“to pierce, prick, be sharp”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian Stikke (“stick”), West Flemish stik (“stick”). Related to stigma.

der

better than a poke in the eye with a burnt stick

better than a poke in the eye with a sharp stick

better than a poke in the eye with a shitty stick

it is easy to find a stick to beat a dog

Scores of transport planes streamed in to drop stick after stick of containers until the entire sky over the coast was polka-dotted with brightly coloured parachutes.

2001, Raymond Mitchell, Commando Despatch Rider, →ISBN, page 70:

A stick of bombs fell straight across Wotton; blew up half a dozen houses.

2006, Farley Mowat, Aftermath: Travels in a Post-War World, →ISBN, page 200:

James and I were in the same stick of five guys going through free fall school last September.

2006, Holly Aho, From Here to There, →ISBN, page 48:

Material or objects attached to a stick or the like.

(military) The structure to which a set of bombs in a bomber aircraft are attached and which drops the bombs when it is released. The bombs themselves and, by extension, any load of similar items dropped in quick succession such as paratroopers or containers.

A tool, control, or instrument shaped somewhat like a stick.

(US military slang, World War I) An aircraft’s propeller.

Bill Kirk, described by Robin as a "hell of a stick," didn't even attend college until after the Vietnam War.

2001, John Darrell Sherwood, Fast Movers: America's Jet Pilots and the Vietnam Experience, page 30:

(slang, dated) A person or group of people. (Perhaps, in some senses, because people are, broadly speaking, tall and thin, like pieces of wood.)

(military aviation, from joystick) A fighter pilot.

I remember when we dreaded the rain, as our stick of soldiers walked through the damp, tick-infested long grass of the Zambezi valley,[…]

2007, Bart Wolffe, Persona Non Grata, →ISBN, page 245:

(military, South Africa) A small group of (infantry) soldiers.


stiff

en-adj

stiff (comparative stiffer, superlative stiffest)

stiffer (comparative)
stiffest (superlative)

From Middle English stiff, stiffe, stif, from Old English stīf, from Proto-West Germanic *stīf, from Proto-Germanic *stīfaz, from Proto-Indo-European *steypós.
See also West Frisian stiif, Dutch stijf, Norwegian Bokmål stiv, German steif; also Latin stīpes, stīpō, from which English stevedore.
The expected Modern English form would be /staɪf/; /stɪf/ is probably originally from compounds such as stiffly, where the vowel was shortened before a consonant cluster.

থিৰ

of an object, rigid, hard to bend, inflexible

(professional wrestling, of a strike) Delivered more forcefully than needed, whether intentionally or accidentally, thus causing legitimate pain to the opponent.


strike

→ Danish: strike

→ Dutch: strike

→ French: strike

→ German: Strike

→ Italian: strike

→ Japanese: ストライク (sutoraiku)

→ Korean: 스트라이크 (seuteuraikeu)

→ Portuguese: strike

→ Russian: страйк (strajk)

→ Spanish: strike

→ Swedish: strike

→ Danish: strejke

→ Esperanto: striko

→ Hungarian: sztrájk

→ Japanese: ストライキ (sutoraiki)

desctree

→ German: Streik, Strike (obsolete, 19th c.)
→ Kashubian: sztrajk
→ Macedonian: штрајк (štrajk)
→ Serbo-Croatian: štrȁjk /штра̏јк
→ Slovak: štrajk

→ Polish: strajk
→ Belarusian: страйк (strajk)
→ Ukrainian: страйк (strajk)

→ Swedish: strejk

→ Welsh: streic

From Middle English stryken, from Old English strīcan, from Proto-West Germanic *strīkan, from Proto-Germanic *strīkaną, from Proto-Indo-European *streyg- (“to stroke, rub, press”).
Cognate with Dutch strijken, German streichen, Danish stryge, Icelandic strýkja, strýkva.

der

air strike; first strike

(military, by extension) An attack, not necessarily physical.


stricken

en-adj

stricken (comparative more stricken, superlative most stricken)

more stricken (comparative)
most stricken (superlative)
striken (alternative obsolete)

From Middle English striken, ystriken, from Old English stricen, ġestricen, from Proto-West Germanic *strikan, from Proto-Germanic *strikanaz, past participle of Proto-Germanic *strīkaną (“to strike”).
Cognate with Saterland Frisian strieken, Dutch gestreken, German Low German streken, German gestrichen.

(military, nautical, of a warship) Having its name removed from a country's naval register, e.g. the United States Naval Vessel Register.


sweep

en-verb

sweep (third-person singular simple present sweeps, present participle sweeping, simple past and past participle swept)

sweeps (present singular third-person)
sweeping (participle present)
swept (participle past)
swept (past)

From Middle English swepen, from Proto-West Germanic *swaipijan (unattested in Old English), from Proto-Germanic *swaipijaną. Cognate with Early Modern West Frisian swiepe (“whip, cleanse, sweep”), from Old Frisian swēpa, suepa (“sweep”). More distantly related to Old Norse sveipa (whence Swedish svepa). See also swoop.

cog

The channel was swept twice before the battlefleet proceeded through it.

(military) To clear (a body of water or part thereof) of mines.


sweep

(martial arts) A throw or takedown that primarily uses the legs to attack an opponent's legs.


swept

Having survived the seemingly-random attacks through the day, and now under the cover of night, the Germans seem to have a clear run to safety. However, back when the route became clear thanks to the Enigma intercepts, Bomber Command had laid more mines in the swept channel. And now, along comes Gneisenau!

2019 January 9, Drachinifel, 32:48 from the start, in The Channel Dash / Operation Cerberus - How to win through refuge in audacity, archived from the original on 2022-07-24:

(military, of a body of water or part thereof) Cleared of mines (explosive devices).


swing

en-verb

swing (third-person singular simple present swings, present participle swinging, simple past swung or (archaic or dialectal) swang, past participle swung or (archaic) swungen)

swings (present singular third-person)
swinging (participle present)
swung (past)
swang (archaic dialectal past)
swung (participle past)
swungen (archaic participle past)

From Middle English swyngen, from Old English swingan, from Proto-West Germanic *swingan, from Proto-Germanic *swinganą (compare Low German swingen, German schwingen, Dutch zwingen, Swedish svinga), from Proto-Indo-European *swenk-, *sweng- (compare Scottish Gaelic seang (“thin”)). Related to swink.

lyödä kierre

cricket: to make the ball move sideways in its trajectory

at church every time the doors swing open

(transitive and intransitive, boxing) To move one's arm in a punching motion.

замахвам

boxing: to move one's arm in a punching motion


swing

en-noun

swing (countable and uncountable, plural swings)

what you lose on the swings you gain on the roundabouts

(boxing) A type of hook with the arm more extended.


throw

en-verb

throw (third-person singular simple present throws, present participle throwing, simple past threw or (nonstandard) throwed, past participle thrown or (nonstandard) throwed or (nonstandard) threw)

throws (present singular third-person)
throwing (participle present)
threw (past)
throwed (nonstandard past)
thrown (participle past)
throwed (nonstandard participle past)
threw (nonstandard participle past)
throw (infinitive)
throw (first-person present singular)
threw (first-person past singular)
throw (present second-person singular)
throwest (archaic present second-person singular)
threw (past second-person singular)
threwst (archaic past second-person singular)
throws (present singular third-person)
throweth (archaic present singular third-person)
threw (past singular third-person)
throw (plural present)
threw (past plural)
throw (present subjunctive)
threw (past subjunctive)
throw (imperative present)
throwing (participle present)
thrown (participle past)
thrun (dialectal participle past)

From Middle English throwen, thrawen, from Old English þrāwan (“to turn, twist”), from Proto-West Germanic *þrāan, from Proto-Germanic *þrēaną (“to twist, turn”), from Proto-Indo-European *terh₁- (“to rub, rub by twisting, twist, turn”).
Cognate with Scots thraw (“to twist, turn, throw”), West Frisian triuwe (“to push”), Dutch draaien (“to turn”), Low German draien, dreien (“to turn (in a lathe)”), German drehen (“to turn”).
Displaced warp as the word for hurling and was displaced by warp as the word for twisting.

der

dip me in chocolate and throw me to the lesbians

people who live in glass houses shouldn't throw stones

throw enough mud at the wall and some of it will stick

throw enough mud at the wall, some of it will stick

throw nickels around like manhole covers

throw oneself on someone's mercy not have a pot to piss in or a window to throw it out of

throw one's hotdog down someone's hallway

throw things at the wall and see what sticks

trust someone as far as one could throw them

So they stood up, and wrastled another while in silence. Soon the King made trial once again of the fall whereby he had sought to throw him in the first bout, twisting suddenly his right side against Goldry, and catching with his leg Goldry’s leg, and therewith leaning against him with main force.

1922, E[ric] R[ücker] Eddison, The Worm Ouroboros: A Romance, London: Jonathan Cape […], →OCLC, page 25:

(martial arts) To lift or unbalance one’s opponent and then bring him back down to the ground, especially into a position behind the thrower.

heittää

martial arts: to lift the opponent off the ground and bring him back down


throw

(martial arts) A move in which one lifts or unbalances one’s opponent and then brings him down to the ground.


thrust

en-noun

thrust (countable and uncountable, plural thrusts)

From Middle English þrusten, from Old Norse þrysta, from Proto-Germanic *þrustijaną, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *trewd-.

Pierre was a master swordsman, and could parry the thrusts of lesser men with barely a thought.

(fencing) An attack made by moving the sword parallel to its length and landing with the point.


tread

rise

antonym(s) of “horizontal part of a step”

From Middle English tred, from treden (“to tread”).

(fortification) The top of the banquette, on which soldiers stand to fire over the parapet.


wind

wind (countable and uncountable, plural winds)

winds (plural)
winde (alternative obsolete)

Tok Pisin: win

Torres Strait Creole: win

From Middle English wynd, wind, from Old English wind (“wind”), from Proto-West Germanic *wind, from Proto-Germanic *windaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wéh₁n̥tos (“wind”), from earlier *h₂wéh₁n̥ts (“wind”), derived from the present participle of *h₂weh₁- (“to blow”).
Cognates
Cognate with Dutch wind, German Wind, West Frisian wyn, Norwegian and Swedish vind, Icelandic vindur, Latin ventus, Welsh gwynt, Sanskrit वात (vā́ta), Russian ве́тер (véter), perhaps Albanian bundë (“strong damp wind”). Doublet of athlete, vent, weather and nirvana.

it's an ill wind that blows nobody any good

you don't need a weatherman to know which way the wind blows

(boxing, slang) The region of the solar plexus, where a blow may paralyze the diaphragm and cause temporary loss of breath or other injury.


withdraw

en-verb

withdraw (third-person singular simple present withdraws, present participle withdrawing, simple past withdrew, past participle withdrawn)

withdraws (present singular third-person)
withdrawing (participle present)
withdrew (past)
withdrawn (participle past)
withdraw (infinitive)
withdraw (first-person present singular)
withdrew (first-person past singular)
withdraw (present second-person singular)
withdrawest (archaic present second-person singular)
withdrew (past second-person singular)
withdrewst (archaic past second-person singular)
withdraws (present singular third-person)
withdraweth (archaic present singular third-person)
withdrew (past singular third-person)
withdraw (plural present)
withdrew (past plural)
withdraw (present subjunctive)
withdrew (past subjunctive)
withdraw (imperative present)
withdrawing (participle present)
withdrawn (participle past)

PIE word
 *wí
From Middle English withdrawen, withdrauen (“to depart, leave, move away; (reflexive) to go away; (reflexive) to leave someone’s service; (often reflexive) to draw back or retreat (from a battlefield or dangerous place), withdraw; to abandon, desert; to go, go forth; to move; of the sea, water, etc.: to (cause to) ebb, recede, subside; to disappear; to slacken, wane; (often reflexive) to cease, stop; to desist, refrain; (reflexive) to go back on, recant; to avoid, eschew; to bring under control, contain, suppress; to curb, curtail; to delay, put off; to demur, refuse; to carry or take away, deprive of, remove; to contract, draw away or in, retract; to deny, refuse; to revoke; to withhold; to divert; to separate; to adopt, borrow, imitate”) [and other forms], from with- (prefix meaning ‘away; back’) + drawen, drauen (“to drag, pull, tow, tug, draw [and other senses]”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dʰregʰ- (“to drag, pull; to run”)); see further at with- and draw. The English word is analysable as with- + draw.

nb...

widdraw, witdrawe, withdrah, withdraugh, withdraughe, withdrauh, withdrauʒ, withdrawe, withdrawine, withdraʒ, withedrawe, withedrawin, wtdrau, (Northern England) widdrau, witdrau

вывадзі́ць

to draw or pull (something) aside, away, or back from its original position or situation

retiriĝi

to leave a place, someone’s presence, etc., to go to another room or place

King A horſe, a horſe, my kingdome for a horſe. / [Sir William] Cateſ[by]. VVithdravv my lord, Ile helpe you to a horſe.

c. 1593 (date written), [William Shakespeare], The Tragedy of King Richard the Third. […] (First Quarto), London: […] Valentine Sims [and Peter Short] for Andrew Wise, […], published 1597, →OCLC, [Act V, scene vii]:

I beg your Greatneſs not to give the Lavv / In others Realms, but, beaten, to vvithdravv.

1697, Virgil, “The Eleventh Book of the Æneis”, in John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC, page 554, lines 558–559:

All the forces in the field, both of the enemy and the confederates, are preparing to withdraw into winter-quarters.

1709 October 31 (Gregorian calendar), Isaac Bickerstaff [et al., pseudonyms; Richard Steele], “Thursday, October 20, 1709”, in The Tatler, number 83; republished in [Richard Steele], editor, The Tatler, […], London stereotype edition, volume II, London: I. Walker and Co.; […], 1822, →OCLC, page 68:

Chiefly followed by from: to leave a place, someone's presence, etc., to go to another room or place.

(specifically, military) Of soldiers: to leave a battle or position where they are stationed; to retreat.

تَرَاجَعَ

of soldiers: to leave a battle or position where they are stationed — see also retreat


cook

en-verb

cook (third-person singular simple present cooks, present participle cooking, simple past cooked, past participle cooked or (rare, nonstandard) cooken)

cooks (present singular third-person)
cooking (participle present)
cooked (past)
cooked (participle past)
cooken (nonstandard participle past rare)
cook (infinitive)
cook (first-person present singular)
cooked (first-person past singular)
cook (present second-person singular)
cookest (archaic present second-person singular)
cooked (past second-person singular)
cookedst (archaic past second-person singular)
cooks (present singular third-person)
cooketh (archaic present singular third-person)
cooked (past singular third-person)
cook (plural present)
cooked (past plural)
cook (present subjunctive)
cooked (past subjunctive)
cook (imperative present)
cooking (participle present)
cooked (participle past)
cooken (nonstandard participle past rare)

→? Cantonese: 焗 (guk⁶)

→ Norman: coutchi

From Middle English coken, from the noun cook. In the slang sense of "proceed with some plan", coined by American rapper from California Lil B in 2010 and popularized in viral tweets and TikToks in mid-2022.

coinage

Audio (UK) "to cook"

some speakers from Northern England and Ireland

cuck (most accents without the foot-strut split)

there's more than one way to cook an egg

I always cook my frags, in case they try to grab one and throw it back.

(transitive, military slang) To hold on to a grenade briefly after igniting the fuse, so that it explodes almost immediately after being thrown.


comb

en-verb

comb (third-person singular simple present combs, present participle combing, simple past and past participle combed)

combs (present singular third-person)
combing (participle present)
combed (participle past)
combed (past)

From Middle English comb, from Old English camb (“comb”), from Proto-West Germanic *kamb, from Proto-Germanic *kambaz (“comb”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵómbʰos (“tooth”), a doublet of cam. The verb is derived from the noun and displaced the older verb kemb.
Cognates
Compare Saterland Frisian Koum, Swedish/Dutch kam, Norwegian kam, German Kamm); also Tocharian B keme, Lithuanian žam̃bas (“sharp edge”), Old Church Slavonic зѫбъ (zǫbŭ), Albanian dhëmb, Ancient Greek γομφίος (gomphíos, “backtooth, molar”), Sanskrit जम्भ (jambha)).

cog

The aircraft split up so as to attack from different, preselected bearings, thus confusing the gunners and making it difficult for the ship to comb torpedo tracks.

2010, Jim Crossley, Bismarck: The Epic Chase:

Sixteen torpedo bombers divided their attention between the two ships. Repulse combed the torpedo wakes and knocked down two of the attackers.

2013, Steve Backer, British Battlecruisers of the Second World War, page 10:

(naval, transitive) To turn a vessel parallel to (the track of) (a torpedo) so as to reduce one's size as a target.