A

* (highest rank, grade, music): From the initial position of the letter A in the English alphabet.
* (blood type): From A antigen

I was so happy to get an A on that test.

Darcy's pretty sharp. She pulls A's.

1999, W. Peter Iliff, Varsity Blues, spoken by Mox (James Van Der Beek):

(education) The highest letter grade assigned (disregarding plusses and minuses).


quiz

→ Danish: quiz

→ Dutch: quiz, kwis

→ German: Quiz

→ Indonesian: kuis

→ Japanese: クイズ (kuizu)

→ Korean: 퀴즈 (kwijeu)

→ Norman: quiz

→ Norwegian Bokmål: quiz, kviss

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: quiz, kviss

→ Polish: kwiz, quiz

→ Portuguese: quiz

→ Spanish: quiz

→ Swedish: kviss

→ Welsh: cwis

Attested since the 1780s, of unknown origin.
* The Century Dictionary suggests it was originally applied to a popular toy, from a dialectal variant of whiz.
* The Random House Dictionary suggests the original sense was "odd person" (circa 1780).
* Others suggest the meaning "hoax" was original (1796), shifting to the meaning "interrogate" (1847) under the influence of question and inquisitive.
* Some say without evidence it was invented by a late-18th-century Dublin theatre proprietor who bet he could add a new nonsense word to the English language; he had the word painted on walls all over the city, and the morning after, everyone was talking about it (The Pre-Victorian Drama in Dublin).
* Others suggest it was originally quies (1847), Latin qui es? (who are you?), traditionally the first question in oral Latin exams. They suggest that it was first used as a noun from 1867, and the spelling quiz first recorded in 1886, but this is demonstrably incorrect.
* A further derivation, assuming that the original sense is "good, ingenuous, harmless man, overly conventional, pedantic, rule-bound man, square; nerd; oddball, eccentric", is based on a column from 1785 which claims that the origin is a jocular translation of the Horace quotation vir bonus est quis as "the good man is a quiz" at Cambridge.

For many it is hard to envision a scenario where a student completes an online quiz (or test) without using their smartphone, tablet, or other device to look up the answers, or ‘share’ those answers with other students.

2015 May 18, Matt Farrell, Shannon Maheu, “Why open-book tests deserve a place in your courses”, in Faculty Focus:

(education) A school examination of less importance, or of greater brevity, than others given in the same course.


MBE

en-noun

MBE (countable and uncountable, plural MBEs)

Master of Bioscience Enterprise
w:Master of Bioscience Enterprise

(education) Initialism of Master of Bioscience Enterprise.


OCR

(education, UK) Initialism of Oxford, Cambridge & RSA (examination board)


CE

e.v.

Era Vulgaris; pseudo-Latin used by Thelemites

Common Entrance
w:Common Entrance Examination

(education) Initialism of Common Entrance.


DOS

(education) Initialism of director of studies.


open

en-adj

open (comparative more open or (phonetics) opener, superlative most open or (phonetics) openest)

more open (comparative)
opener (comparative)
most open (superlative)
openest (superlative)

closed-source

antonym(s) of “with a free license and no proprietary components”

Adjective from Middle English open, from Old English open (“open”), from Proto-West Germanic *opan, from Proto-Germanic *upanaz (“open”), from Proto-Indo-European *upo (“up from under, over”).
Cognates
* Scots apen (“open”)
* Saterland Frisian eepen (“open”)
* West Frisian iepen (“open”)
* Dutch open (“open”)
* Low German open, apen (“open”)
* German offen (“open”)
* Danish åben (“open”)
* Swedish öppen (“open”)
* Norwegian Bokmål åpen (“open”)
* Norwegian Nynorsk open (“open”)
* Icelandic opinn (“open”)
 Compare also Latin supinus (“on one's back, supine”), Albanian hap (“to open”). Related to up.
Verb from Middle English openen, from Old English openian (“to open”), from Proto-West Germanic *opanōn, from Proto-Germanic *upanōną (“to raise; lift; open”), from Proto-Germanic *upanaz (“open”, adjective). Cognate with Saterland Frisian eepenje (“to open”), West Frisian iepenje (“to open”), Dutch openen (“to open”), German öffnen (“to open”), Danish åbne (“to open”), Swedish öppna (“to open”), Norwegian Bokmål åpne (“to open”), Norwegian Nynorsk and Icelandic opna (“to open”). Related to English up.
Noun from Middle English open (“an aperture or opening”), from the verb. In the sports sense, however, a shortening of “open competition”.

inh

at church every time the doors swing open

Since the launch early last year of […] two Silicon Valley start-ups offering free education through MOOCs, massive open online courses, the ivory towers of academia have been shaken to their foundations. University brands built in some cases over centuries have been forced to contemplate the possibility that information technology will rapidly make their existing business model obsolete.

2013 July 20, “The attack of the MOOCs”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8845:

(computing, education) Made public, usable with a free licence and without proprietary components.


AM

en-noun

AM (countable and uncountable, plural AMs)

AMs (plural)
A.M. (alternative)
A. M. (alternative)
A M (alternative)

(education) Initialism of Master of Arts.


AA

AA (countable and uncountable, plural AAs)

“I’m still figuring out my plans, but going back for another year is in my plans. I would be going back and getting my AA [degree], while playing another year of softball,” Enright said.

2020 March 20, Colin Peters, “Coaches, athletes react to sports being put on pause”, in Daily Iowegian, archived from the original on 2020-04-01:

He returned to community college and earned an A.A. while working as an E.M.T. and plans to become a paramedic or a nurse. He attributes much of this to his faith.

2022 March 15, Ilana M. Horwitz, “I Followed the Lives of 3,290 Teenagers. This Is What I Learned About Religion and Education.”, in The New York Times:

Associate in Arts
Associate in Arts#English

Associate of Arts
Associate of Arts#English

(education) Initialism of Associate in Arts or Associate of Arts.


shadowing

shadowing (countable and uncountable, plural shadowings)

(education) A work experience option where students learn about a job by walking through the work day as a shadow to a competent worker.

varjostaminen

Learning about a job as a shadow to a competent worker


absolute

en-adj

absolute (comparative more absolute or absoluter, superlative most absolute or absolutest)

more absolute (comparative)
absoluter (comparative)
most absolute (superlative)
absolutest (superlative)
abs. (alternative)
absolut (alternative)

conditional

antonym(s) of “free of restrictions, limitations, qualifications or conditions”

antonym(s) of “independent of references

First attested around 1380. From Middle English absolut, from Middle French absolut, from Latin absolūtus (“unconditional; unfettered; completed”), perfect passive participle of absolvō (“loosen, set free, complete”), from ab (“away”) + solvo (“to loose”). Influenced in part by Old French absolu. Compare absolve.

независим

grammar: not immediately dependent on the other parts of the sentence

categorical

(education) Pertaining to a grading system based on the knowledge of the individual and not on the comparative knowledge of the group of students.


academy

From French académie, from Latin acadēmīa, from Ancient Greek Ἀκαδημία (Akadēmía), a grove of trees and gymnasium outside of Athens where Plato taught; from the name of the supposed former owner of that estate, the Attic hero Akademos. Doublet of academia and Akademeia; compare academe.

(UK, education) A school directly funded by central government, independent of local control.


accelerate

en-verb

accelerate (third-person singular simple present accelerates, present participle accelerating, simple past and past participle accelerated)

accelerates (present singular third-person)
accelerating (participle present)
accelerated (participle past)
accelerated (past)

First attested in the 1520s. Either from Latin accelerātus, perfect passive participle of accelerō (“to accelerate, hasten”) (see -ate (verb-forming suffix) and -ate (adjective-forming suffix)), formed from ad + celerō (“to hasten”), which is from celer (“quick”) (see celerity), or back-formation from acceleration.

(transitive, education) To enable a student to finish a course of study in less than normal time.


accreditation

en-noun

accreditation (countable and uncountable, plural accreditations)

/əˌkɹɛd.ɪˈteɪ.ʃən/

/əˌkɹɛd.ɪˈteɪ.ʃən/

[əˌkɹɛɾ.ɪˈteɪ.ʃən]

/əˌkɹɛd.əˈteɪ.ʃən/

[əˌkɹɛɾ.əˈteɪ.ʃən]

[əˌkɹeɾ.əˈtæɪ.ʃən]

First attested in 1806, from accredit + -ation.

(education) The granting of approval to an institution of higher learning by an official review board after the school has met certain requirements.

اِعْتِمادٌ

the granting of approval of achieving an official standard of some sort


accumulate

en-verb

accumulate (third-person singular simple present accumulates, present participle accumulating, simple past and past participle accumulated)

accumulates (present singular third-person)
accumulating (participle present)
accumulated (participle past)
accumulated (past)

First attested c. 1487; from Middle English accumylaten, borrowed from Latin accumulātus, perfect passive participle of accumulō (“to amass, pile up”) (see -ate (verb-forming suffix) and -ate (adjective-forming suffix)), formed from ad (“to, towards, at”) + cumulō (“to heap”), from cumulus (“a heap”) + -ō (first conjugation verb-forming suffix). Cognate with French accumuler.

(education, dated) To take a higher degree at the same time with a lower degree, or at a shorter interval than usual.


accumulation

en-noun

accumulation (countable and uncountable, plural accumulations)

From Middle English acumulacyon, from Middle French accumulation and its etymon, Latin accumulātiō, accumulātiōnis. By surface analysis, accumulate + -ion. First attested in the late 15th century. Doublet of accumulatio.

натрупване

act of accumulating, the state of being accumulated

(UK, education, historical, uncountable) The practice of taking two higher degrees simultaneously, to reduce the length of study.


accumulator

From Latin accumulātor, agent noun of accumulō (“pile up”), accumulate + -or.

1691–92, Anthony Wood (antiquary), Athenæ Oxonienses
The first of these two was a compounder, the other who was an accumulator, was lately made provost of Trin. coll. near Dublin, and on the 31st of March 1692 was nominated bish. of Kilmore.

(UK, education, historical) One who takes two higher degrees simultaneously, to reduce their length of study.


chair

→ Assamese: চেয়াৰ (sear)

desc

→ Bengali: চেয়ার (ceẏar), চ্যায়ার (cêẏar), চ্যার (cêr) — obsolete

→ Odia: ଚେଆର୍ (ceār), ଚିୟାର୍ (ciyār), ଚିଆର (ciāra)

→ Sylheti: ꠌꠤꠀꠞ (siar)

Tamil: சேர் (cēr)

Tok Pisin: sea, sia

→ Tongan: sea

From Middle English chayer, chaire, chaiere, chaere, chayre, chayere, from Old French chaiere, chaere, from Latin cathedra (“seat”), from Ancient Greek καθέδρα (kathédra), from κατά (katá, “down”) + ἕδρα (hédra, “seat”). Displaced native stool and settle, which now have more specialised senses. Doublet of cathedra and chaise.

In 1928 [Martin] Heidegger succeeded [Edmund] Husserl to take a chair at Freiburg […]

2014 April 12, Michael Inwood, “Martin Heidegger: the philosopher who fell for Hitler [print version: Hitler's philosopher]”, in The Daily Telegraph (Review), London, page R11:

(education) A distinguished professorship at a university.


worksheet

worksheets (plural)
wkst (alternative abbreviation)
wksht (alternative abbreviation)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-worksheet.wav

From work + sheet. First use appears c. 1823 in the publications of Isaac D'Israeli.

(education) A sheet of paper or computerized document on which problems are worked out or solved and the answers are recorded.


AP

en-noun

AP (countable and uncountable, plural APs)

Coordinate term: IB

(countable, US, education) An Advanced Placement program.


AP

Coordinate term: IB

Joel is AP everything and he's applied to Harvard, so I guess his dad isn't taking any chances.

2010, Jennifer Egan, “Ask Me if I Care”, in A Visit from the Goon Squad:

(US, education) Initialism of Advanced Placement.


PE

PE (countable and uncountable, plural PEs)

physical education
physical education#English

(education) Initialism of physical education.

preliminary examination
preliminary examination#English

(education) Initialism of preliminary examination.


CS

complementary studies
complementary studies#English

(education) Initialism of complementary studies.


VC

VC (countable and uncountable, plural VCs)

→ Bengali: ভিসি (bhiśi)

(education) Initialism of vice-chancellor.

voluntary controlled
voluntary controlled school#English

(UK, education) Initialism of voluntary controlled.


IA

IA (countable and uncountable, plural IAs)

(Philippines, education) Initialism of industrial arts, one of the strands under the TVL track in senior high school.


KS

(UK, education) Initialism of key stage.


VA

voluntary aided
voluntary aided school#English

(UK, education) Initialism of voluntary aided.


SAU

(US, New Hampshire, education) Initialism of school administrative unit.


break

From Middle English breken, from Old English brecan (“to break”), from Proto-West Germanic *brekan, from Proto-Germanic *brekaną (“to break”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰreg- (“to break”). The word is a doublet of bray.
Cognates
Cognates of Germanic origin include Scots brek (“to break”), West Frisian brekke (“to break”), Dutch breken (“to break”), Low German breken (“to break”), German brechen (“to break”), French broyer (“to crush, grind”), Gothic 𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌽 (brikan, “to break, destroy”), Norwegian brek (“desire, yearning”).
Also cognate with Albanian brishtë (“fragile”), Latin frangō (“break, break up, shatter”, verb), whence English fracture and other terms – fragile, frail, fraction, and fragment.

cog

(UK, education) A time for students to talk or play between lessons.


reading

en-noun

reading (countable and uncountable, plural readings)

From Middle English reding, redynge, redunge, from Old English rǣding (“reading”), equivalent to read + -ing.

(education, uncountable) The content of a reading list.


internal

en-adj

internal (comparative more internal, superlative most internal)

more internal (comparative)
most internal (superlative)
internall (alternative obsolete)

From Middle English internall, internalle, borrowing from New Latin internālis (“of or pertaining to the inner part”), from internus (“inward, internal”) + -ālis (“-al”, adjectival suffix). By surface analysis, intern + -al.

af

(British, education, of a student) Attending a university as well as taking its examinations.


rhetorical

/ɹɪˈtɒɹ.ɪ.kəl/

/ɹəˈtɒɹ.ɪ.kəl/

/ɹɪˈtɔɹɪkəl/

/ɹəˈtɔɹɪkəl/

From Middle English rethorycal, rethoricalle, rethorycall, from rethorik, rhetoric (noun) or Latin rēthoricus, rhētoricus, from Ancient Greek ῥητορικός (rhētorikós, “concerning public speaking”).

der

(education, dated) A study or exercise in rhetoric.


card

en-noun

card (countable and uncountable, plural cards)

→ Bengali: কার্ড (karḍo)

→ Burmese: ကတ် (kat)

→ Chinese: 卡 (kǎ)

→ Gujarati: કાર્ડ (kārḍ)

→ Hausa: kati

→ Hindi: कार्ड (kārḍ)

→ Italian: card

→ Japanese: カード (kādo)

→ Korean: 카드 (kadeu)

→ Malay: kad

→ Pashto: کارډ (kārḍ)

Pitcairn-Norfolk: kaad

→ Sinhalese: කාඩ් (kāḍ)

→ Swahili: kadi

→ Tagalog: kard

→ Urdu: کارڈ (kārḍ)

From Middle English carde (“playing card”), from Old French carte, from Latin charta, from Ancient Greek χάρτης (khártēs, “paper, papyrus”). Doublet of chart.

der

Where's your card? I want to see your grades.

(Philippines, education) Ellipsis of report card.


condition

en-verb

condition (third-person singular simple present conditions, present participle conditioning, simple past and past participle conditioned)

conditions (present singular third-person)
conditioning (participle present)
conditioned (participle past)
conditioned (past)

From Middle English condicioun, from Old French condicion (French condition), from Latin condicio. Unetymological change in spelling due to confusion with conditio.

to condition a student who has failed in some branch of study

(US, colleges, transitive) To put under conditions; to require to pass a new examination or to make up a specified study, as a condition of remaining in one's class or in college.


set

From Middle English set, sete, sette (“that which is set, the act of setting, seat”), from Old English set (“setting, seat, a place where people remain, habitation, camp, entrenchment, a place where animals are kept, stall, fold”) and Old English seten (“a set, shoot, slip, branch; a nursery, plantation; that which is planted or set; a cultivated place; planting, cultivation; a setting, putting; a stopping; occupied land”), related to Old English settan (“to set”). Compare Middle Low German gesette (“a set, suite”), Old English gesetl (“assembly”). According to Skeat, in senses denoting a group of things or persons, representing an alteration of sept, from Old French sette (“a religious sect”), from Medieval Latin secta (“retinue”), from Latin secta (“a faction”). See sect. It is quite possible that the modern word is more of a merger between both, however.

cog

Looking at pupil attainment, the study found that students with the same Key Stage 3 scores could have their GCSE grade raised or lowered by up to half a grade as a result of being placed in a higher or lower set.

2012 April 26, “Themes: Pupil grouping and organisation of classes”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name), Department for Education, archived from the original on 2012-06-14:

(UK, education) A class group in a subject where pupils are divided by ability.


set

en-verb

set (third-person singular simple present sets, present participle setting, simple past and past participle setted)

sets (present singular third-person)
setting (participle present)
setted (participle past)
setted (past)

In setted classes, students are brought together because they are believed to be of similar 'ability'. Yet, setted lessons are often conducted as though students are not only similar, but identical—in terms of ability, preferred learning style and pace of working.

2008, Patricia Murphy, Robert McCormick, Knowledge and Practice: Representations and Identities:

At Amber Hill, setting was a high-profile concept, and the students were frequently reminded of the set to which they belonged.

2002, Jo Boaler, Experiencing School Mathematics: Traditional and Reform Approaches and Their Impact on Student Learning:

Imagine a country where children do nothing but play until they start compulsory schooling at age seven. Then, without exception, they attend comprehensives until the age of 16. Charging school fees is illegal, and so is sorting pupils into ability groups by streaming or setting.

2013 July 19, Peter Wilby, “Finland spreads word on schools”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 6, page 30:

(UK, education) To divide a class group in a subject according to ability


outcome

The outcomes of this course are outlined in your syllabus.

(education) The anticipated or desired results or evidence of a learning experience (often used in the phrase learning outcomes).


band

band (third-person singular simple present bands, present participle banding, simple past and past participle banded)

bands (present singular third-person)
banding (participle present)
banded (participle past)
banded (past)

Derived from Middle English band, from Old French bande, from Old Occitan banda (“regiment of troops”), perhaps from Frankish *bend, from Proto-Germanic *bandiz, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰendʰ- (“to tie; bond, band”). Compare German Bande (“band”).

der

(transitive, education) To group (students) together by perceived ability; to stream.


suspension

en-noun

suspension (countable and uncountable, plural suspensions)

Borrowed from Late Latin suspensiōnem (“arching, vaulting; suspension”), from suspendēre (“to hang up, to suspend”), from sub- (“under”) + pendere (“to hang, to suspend”), from Proto-Italic *pendō (“to hang, to put in a hanging position”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)pénd-e-ti, from *(s)pend- (“to pull; to spin”)). Compare Anglo-Norman suspensiun, French suspension, Occitan suspensio.

der

suspension from school as a disciplinary measure

[…] Donna Thomas, John Tiedeman, David Jones, and Richard Williams, all students in the Granville Junior-Senior High School, conceived a plan in November 1978 to produce a satirical publication addressed to the school community. […] [Assistant Principal Frederick] Reed summoned Tiedeman and discussed with him the “dangers” of publishing material that might offend or hurt others. Specifically, he told Tiedeman that a similar publication several years before had culminated in the suspension of the students involved.

1979, Irving R[obert] Kaufman, Chief Judge, United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, “Thomas v. Board of Education”, in The Federal Reporter. Second Series. Cases Argued and Determined in the Circuit Courts of Appeals and District Courts of the United States and the Court of Appeals of the District of Columbia, with Key-number Annotations, volume 607, St. Paul, Minn.: West Publishing Company, →OCLC, page 1045; reprinted in Michael Imber; Tyll van Geel, “Student Freedom of Expression”, in Education Law, 4th edition, New York, N.Y.; Abingdon, Oxon.: Routledge, 2010, page 158

out-of-school suspension
out-of-school suspension#English

(education) The process of barring a student from school grounds as a form of punishment (particularly out-of-school suspension).

schorsing

education: process of barring a student from school grounds as a form of punishment


ABM

en-noun

ABM (countable and uncountable, plural ABMs)

(Philippines, education) Initialism of accountancy and business management, one of the strands under the academic track in senior high school.


PS

PS (countable and uncountable, plural PSes or PSs)

(education) Initialism of public school.


quest

Blend of quiz + test, to avoid using the word test.

I had a calculus quest (not a quiz or a test, but somewhere in between...) it was on limits, and l'hopital's rule...

1998 March 20, bill kao, “3rd per”, in alt.music.ash (Usenet):

However took a quest, quiz/test combination that this math progrm^([sic]) uses, and got ten out of ten on it!

2004 September 24, Kathy, “Weekly Diary Third Semester #4”, in alt.coffee.clutch (Usenet):

Quests, bigger than quizzes and smaller than tests, consist of around 10 questions worth 2 points each, designed to take about 30–40 minutes.

2015, Kathleen Gibson-Dee, “Learning Through Questing, Not Testing”, in College Teaching, volume 63, number 3, Taylor & Francis, →ISSN, page 133:

Most outcomes were assessed with 10 min, single-page, five-question quizzes/tests (“quests”) given at the beginning of class, followed immediately with a brief discussion of the correct answers; mastery could be demonstrated by the student with four of five complete, correct answers (with no partial credit). […] Students were given a finite number of “quest” retakes. Three class periods during the semester were used as quest makeup periods, during which students would be able to take new versions of EO and GO quests.

2017, Joshua Ring, “ConfChem conference on select 2016 BCCE presentations”, in Journal of Chemical Education, volume 94, number 12, ACS Publications, →ISSN, pages 2005–2006:


beta

beta (countable and uncountable, plural betas)

From Ancient Greek βῆτα (bêta). Doublet of beth.

But let me tell you happy extroverts that only Vera Telfer and H. A. C. Evans got even an alpha minus; only T. E. Hendrie got a beta plus […]

1957, R. Avery, “This Week’s Competition”, in Time & Tide, volume 38, number 1, page 184:

Mr Taylor would hardly give a beta minus to one of his history students […]

1964, Randolph Churchill, The Fight for the Tory Leadership: A Contemporary Chronicle, page 49:

The English class was for me delightful. My essays, still written under the influence of Kubla Khan, nearly always got a beta plus.

1979, Angus MacVicar, Silver in My Sporran: Confessions of a Writing Man, page 76:

(education, rare) An academic grade better than a gamma and worse than an alpha.


CBS

Christian Brothers School
w:List of Christian Brothers schools

(education) Initialism of Christian Brothers School.


class

class (countable and uncountable, plural classes)

→ Assamese: ক্লাছ (klas)

desc

→ Bengali: ক্লাস (klaś), কেলাস (kelaś) — nonstandard

q

or from French <i class="Latn mention" lang="fr">classe</i>

→ Gulf Arabic: كلاس (klās) (or from French classe)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: क्लास (klās)

Urdu: کلاس

→ Japanese: クラス (kurasu)

→ Korean: 클래스 (keullaeseu)

→ Nepali: क्लास (klās)

→ Scottish Gaelic: clas

→ Thai: คลาส (kláas)

→ Yoruba: kíláàsì

From Middle French classe, from Latin classis (“a class or division of the people, assembly of people, the whole body of citizens called to arms, the army, the fleet, later a class or division in general”), from Proto-Indo-European *kelh₁- (“to call, shout”). Doublet of clas and classis.

class action

class-action, class action lawsuit, class suit

The class was noisy, but the teacher was able to get their attention with a story.

(education, countable and uncountable) A group of students in a regularly scheduled meeting with a teacher.


fag

Akin to flag (“droop, tire”). Compare Dutch vaak (“sleepiness”).

I had the character at ſchool of being the very beſt fag that ever came into it.

1791, Richard Cumberland, The Observer, volume 4, page 67:

“He was my fag at Eton,” Warrington said. “I ought to have licked him a little more.”

1848 November – 1850 December, William Makepeace Thackeray, The History of Pendennis. […], volume (please specify |volume=I or II), London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1849–1850, →OCLC:

A gang of fags was mobbing about by the notice-boards. They fell silent as he approached. He patted one of them on the head. ‘Pretty children,’ he sighed, digging into his waistcoat pocket and pulling out a handful of change. ‘Tonight you shall eat.’ Scattering the coins at their feet, he moved on.

(UK, Ireland, education, historical, colloquial) A younger student acting as a servant for senior students.


fag

en-verb

fag (third-person singular simple present fags, present participle fagging, simple past and past participle fagged)

fags (present singular third-person)
fagging (participle present)
fagged (participle past)
fagged (past)

(intransitive, UK, Ireland, education, historical, colloquial) (of a younger student) To act as a servant for senior students in many British boarding schools.

It is everywhere observed that a liberated slave is apt to make a merciless master, and that boys who have been cruelly fagged at school are cruel faggers.

1887, Francis Bacon, Richard Whately, Essays, page 63:

(transitive, UK, Ireland, education, historical, colloquial) To have (a younger student) act as a servant in this way.


AI

en-noun

AI (countable and uncountable, plural AIs)

Audio (US)

(education) Initialism of academic integrity.


MM

(education) Initialism of Master of Music.

(education) Initialism of Master of Management.


spectrum

From Latin spectrum (“appearance, image, apparition”), from speciō (“look at, view”). Doublet of specter. See also scope.

bor

He punctuated his words with a look into my eyes that might have been read as threatening or menacing by anyone who was not on the spectrum. But I am on the spectrum, and so I stared back at him.

2022, Percival Everett, Dr. No, Influx Press (2023), page 110:

(psychology, education, usually with the) The autism spectrum.


degree

→ Burmese: ဒီဂရီ (diga.ri)

→ Juba Arabic: digrii

→ Swahili: digrii

→ Tagalog: digri

From Middle English degre, borrowed from Old French degré (French: degré), itself from Latin gradus, with the prefix de-.

Appendix:Roget MICRA thesaurus/Class I § 26. Degree

Appendix:Roget MICRA thesaurus/Class I § 31. Greatness

Appendix:Roget MICRA thesaurus/Class I § 32. Smallness

She has two bachelor's degrees and is studying towards a master's degree.

(education) A stage of proficiency or qualification in a course of study, now especially an award bestowed by a university/college, as a certification of academic achievement. (In the United States, can include secondary schools.)


crash

en-verb

crash (third-person singular simple present crashes, present participle crashing, simple past and past participle crashed)

crashes (present singular third-person)
crashing (participle present)
crashed (participle past)
crashed (past)

From Middle English crasshen, crasschen, craschen (“to break into pieces”), of uncertain origin. Perhaps from a variant of earlier *crasken, from crasen (“to break”) + -k (formative suffix); or from earlier *craskien, *craksien, a variant of craken (“to crack, break open”) (for form development compare break, brask, brash).

разбивам

to severely damage or destroy by causing to collide with something else

Joe's crashing Higher Physics, even after I told him it was a bad idea.

(transitive, Scotland, education) To take a subject at higher level without having previously studied it.

binnenvallen

slang: to turn up without having been invited


college

colleges (plural)
colledg (alternative obsolete)
colledge (alternative obsolete)

⇒ Bengali: কলেজ (kolej)

→ Finnish: college

⇒ Hindustani:

desc

Hindi: कालिज (kālij), कॉलेज (kŏlej), कालेज (kālej)

Urdu: کالِج (kālij)

→ Russian: ко́лледж (kólledž), колле́дж (kollédž)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ко̀леџ

Latin script: kòledž

→ Slovene: koledž

→ Ukrainian: ко́ле́дж (kólédž)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ḱe-?
Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm
Proto-Italic *kom
Old Latin com
Latin cum
Latin con-
Latin lēx
Latin -ō
Latin lēgō
Proto-Indo-European *-h₂
Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂
Proto-Italic *-ā
Latin -a
Latin collēga
Proto-Indo-European *-yós
Old Latin -ios
Latin -ius
Latin -ium
Latin collēgiumbor.
Old French college
Middle French collegebor.
Middle English college
English college
From Middle English college, from Middle French college, from Old French college, from Latin collēgium. Doublet of collegium.

大專 /大专

postsecondary institution that does not award bachelor's degrees

مَعْهَد

College of Engineering

(education) An academic institution.
A specialized division of a university.

She's still in college

These should be his college years, but he joined the Army.

(chiefly US) An institution of higher education teaching undergraduates.

колле́ж

somewhat dated or French/Belgian context

opiskelu

attendance at an institution of higher education

(education) An academic institution.
(Ireland, Philippines) A university.

(Canada) A postsecondary institution that offers vocational training and/or associate's degrees.

Pembroke College, Cambridge

Balliol College, Oxford

University College, London

(chiefly UK) A non-specialized, semi-autonomous division of a university, with its own faculty, departments, library, etc.

(UK) An institution of further education at an intermediate level; sixth form.

كُلِّيَّة

(UK) An institution for adult education at a basic or intermediate level (teaching those of any age).

大學 /大学

Eton College

(UK, Australia, New Zealand, Ireland, South Africa) A high school or secondary school.

An academic institution.
A high school or secondary school.

私立高中

in the formal names of private schools: secondary school

(Australia) A private (non-government) primary or high school.

(Australia) A residential hall associated with a university, possibly having its own tutors.

(Singapore) A government high school, short for junior college.

(education) An academic institution.
(in Chile) A bilingual school.

An academic institution.
A bilingual school.


MEP

(education, Singapore) Initialism of Music Elective Programme.


hamburger

en-noun

hamburger (countable and uncountable, plural hamburgers)

hamburgers (plural)
hamburgher (alternative dated)

→ Burmese: ဟမ်ဘာဂါ (hambhaga)

→ Dutch: hamburger

→ Estonian: hamburger

→ Finnish: hampurilainen

→ French: hamburger m

→ German: Hamburger m

→ Bulgarian: хамбургер (hamburger)

→ Hungarian: hamburger

→ Japanese: ハンバーガー

→ Italian: hamburger m

desc

→ Khmer: ហាំប៊ឺហ្គឺ (hambɨɨgɨɨ)

→ Khmer: ហាំប៊ឺហ្គឺ (hambɨɨgɨɨ)

→ Korean: 햄버거 (haembeogeo)

→ Macedonian: хамбургер (hamburger)

→ Mongolian: хамбургер (xamburger)

→ Persian: همبرگر

→ Polish: hamburger

→ Portuguese: hambúrguer m

→ Romanian: hamburger m

→ Russian: га́мбургер (gámburger)

→ Mongolian: гамбургер (gamburger)

→ Swahili: hambaga

แฮมเบอร์เกอร์

→ Thai: แฮมเบอร์เกอร์ (hɛm-bəə-gə̂ə)

→ Thai: แฮมเบอร์เกอร์ (hɛm-bəə-gə̂ə)

→ Turkish: hamburger

→ Ukrainian: га́мбургер (hámburher)

→ Vietnamese: hăm-bơ-gơ

/ˈhæmˌbɜː.ɡə/

/ˈhæmˌbɝ.ɡɚ/

Shortening of Hamburger sandwich, Hamburger steak, etc.; or, less likely, borrowed from German Hamburger (“native of Hamburg”), equivalent to Hamburg + -er.

Coordinate term: hot dog

(US, education, informal) Describing the shape of a rectangular piece of paper folded in half so that it forms a short rectangle.


grid

en-verb

grid (third-person singular simple present grids, present participle gridding, simple past and past participle gridded)

grids (present singular third-person)
gridding (participle present)
gridded (participle past)
gridded (past)

Back-formation or clipping of griddle or gridiron.

On the SAT, to answer a grid-in question, you grid in your answer by filling out the ovals.


reception

en-noun

reception (countable and uncountable, plural receptions)

/ɹɪˈsɛp.ʃn̩/

Borrowed from Middle French reception, from Latin recipiō(n) (“the act of receiving; reception”), from recipiō (“receive”), from re- (“back”) + capiō (“I hold”).

der

(UK, education) The school year, or part thereof, between preschool and Year 1, when children are introduced to formal education.


minor

en-adj

minor (comparative more minor, superlative most minor)

more minor (comparative)
most minor (superlative)
miner (alternative)
maner (alternative)
minore (alternative)
minour (alternative)
mynor (alternative)
mynour (alternative)
mynowr (alternative)
mi (alternative)

antonym(s) of

serious, grave, severe, dangerous, fatal, life-threatening, acute (informal)

From Middle English minor, menor, menour, etc., from Latin minor (“lesser; young; young person”) both directly and via Norman and Middle French menor, menour, etc. Doublet of minus but not mini-. Cognate with minister, minify, Minorca, Menshevik, and possibly minnow. Compare Latin minimum and minuō, Old High German minniro, Cornish minow.

der

The minor requirements only involve about 20 hours of classes.

Lesser, smaller in importance, size, degree, seriousness, or significance compared to another option, particularly:

(Canada, US, education) Of or related to a minor, a secondary area of undergraduate study.


minor

minors (plural)
miner (alternative)
maner (alternative)
minore (alternative)
minour (alternative)
mynor (alternative)
mynour (alternative)
mynowr (alternative)
mi (alternative)

I got a minor in English Lit.

(Canada, US, education) A formally recognized secondary area of undergraduate study, requiring fewer course credits than the equivalent major.

byvak

subject of secondary undergraduate study

I became an English minor.

(Canada, US, education, uncommon) A person who is completing or has completed such a course of study.


major

en-adj

major (comparative more major, superlative most major)

more major (comparative)
most major (superlative)
majour (alternative obsolete)

[ˈmeɪ̯d͡ʒɚ(ɹ)]

[ˈmeɪ̯d͡ʒə(ɹ)]

[ˈmæɪ̯d͡ʒə(ɹ)]

From Middle English major, from Latin maior, comparative of magnus (“great, large; noble, important”), from Proto-Indo-European *méǵh₂yōs (“greater”), comparative of *meǵh₂- (“great”). Compare West Frisian majoar (“major”), Dutch majoor (“major”), French majeur. Doublet of mayor.

(education) Of or relating to a subject of academic study chosen as a field of specialization.


major

majors (plural)
majour (alternative obsolete)

[ˈmeɪ̯d͡ʒɚ(ɹ)]

[ˈmeɪ̯d͡ʒə(ɹ)]

[ˈmæɪ̯d͡ʒə(ɹ)]

pääaineopiskelija

student specializing in a specified subject

Midway through his second year of college, he still hadn't chosen a major.

(education, Canada, US, Australia, New Zealand) The principal subject or course of a student working toward a degree at a college or university.

She is a math major.

A student at a college or university specializing on a given area of study.


form

en-noun

form (countable and uncountable, plural forms)

→ Korean: 폼 (pom)

→ Norwegian Bokmål: form

From Middle English forme (“shape, figure, manner, bench, frame, seat, condition, agreement, etc.”), borrowed from Old French forme, from Latin fōrma (“shape, figure, image, outline, plan, mold, frame, case, etc., manner, sort, kind, etc.”).
In sense "division grouping school students" (now dated), derived from public school nomenclature later adopted by state schools. It is sometimes said to be from the sense of "bench", where students of certain ages would sit together, though this is disputed, or alternatively from the sense of "established method of expression or practice".

der

imitation is the sincerest form of flattery

(social) To do with structure or procedure.

(UK, education) A class or year of school pupils.

To do with structure or procedure.
A class or year of school pupils.

Nathaniel: Maister, there is nobody to teach in the sixth form.
Maister: What a thing is this?
N: He is sick in bed.
M: How do you know?
N: One of the scholars in his house told me so.

1653, Corderius, Colloquia scholastica Anglo-Latina, […] 1653, page 220:

I am a very weak, insufficient scholar, sitting on the lowest form in Thy great school-house, which is the whole world, and trying to spell out the mere letters of Thy alphabet […]

1880, Charles Kingsley, Out of the Deep: Words for the Sorrowful, London: Macmillan & Co., page 190:

One other day after afternoon school, Mr. Percival came behind me and put his hand on me. "Let me see, what's your name? Which form are you in?[…]"

1928, George Bickerstaff, The mayor, and other folk:

From the sixth form will come the scholars and the administrators.

1976, Ronald King, School and college: studies of post-sixteen education:

(UK, education, dated) A numbered division grouping school students (usually every two years) in education between Years 1 and 13 (often preceded by an ordinal number to specify the form, as in sixth form).


GCSE

You need GCSEs in Maths and English to work here.

General Certificate of Secondary Education#English

(UK, education) Initialism of General Certificate of Secondary Education: a British qualification taken by secondary school students in England, Wales and Northern Ireland.


AS

(education, UK, historical) Initialism of Advanced Supplementary.

AS-level

Advanced Subsidiary
w:Advanced Subsidiary

(education, UK) Initialism of Advanced Subsidiary.


course

→ Gulf Arabic: كورس (kōrs)

From Middle English cours, from Old French cours, from Latin cursus (“course of a race”), from currō (“run”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱers- (“to run”). Doublet of cursus and cour.

polku

path that something or someone moves along

the course of true love never did run smooth

I need to take a French course.

a series of lectures or lessons in a particular subject

What's your course in university?
—Business studies. And you?

During the whole time of his abode in the university he generally spent thirteen hours of the day in study; by which assiduity besides an exact dispatch of the whole course of philosophy, he read over in a manner all classic authors that are extant[…]

1661, John Fell, The Life of the most learned, reverend and pious Dr. H. Hammond:

(UK, Ireland, Philippines) an educational programme at a college or university leading to an academic degree or vocational qualification.

Her course will be ‘Communication Studies with Theatre Studies’: God, how tedious, how pointless.

Since the launch early last year of […] two Silicon Valley start-ups offering free education through MOOCs, massive open online courses, the ivory towers of academia have been shaken to their foundations. University brands built in some cases over centuries have been forced to contemplate the possibility that information technology will rapidly make their existing business model obsolete.

2013 July 20, “The attack of the MOOCs”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8845:

A sequence of events.
(education) A learning programme

A sequence of events.
A learning programme


BBS

en-noun

BBS (countable and uncountable, plural BBSes or BBSs)

BBSes (plural)
BBSs (plural)
B.B.S. (alternative)
B. B. S. (alternative)

Business Studies
business studies#English

(education) Abbreviation of Bachelor of Business Studies.


RPG

Initialism. When applied to a "rocket-propelled grenade" it derives from Russian РПГ (RPG), initialism of ручной противотанковый гранатомёт (ručnoj protivotankovyj granatomjót, “hand-held anti-tank grenade launcher”), of which "rocket-propelled grenade" is a backronym (though an accurate description of the weapon system).

(education) Initialism of research postgraduate.


steward

From Middle English steward, stiward, from Old English stiġweard (“steward, housekeeper, one who has the superintendence of household affairs, guardian”), from stiġ (“a wooden enclosure; house, hall”) + weard (“ward, guard, guardian, keeper”), equivalent to sty + ward. Compare Icelandic stívarður (“steward”). More at sty, ward.

управител

any administrator of the property or affairs of another

(higher education) An officer who provides food for the students and superintends the kitchen; also, an officer who attends to the accounts of the students.


Oxbridge

On the previous night he had taken the manuscript out of a long neglected chest, containing old shooting jackets, old Oxbridge scribbling books, his old surplice, and battered cap and gown, and other memorials of youth, school, and home.

1848 November – 1850 December, William Makepeace Thackeray, chapter III, in The History of Pendennis. […], volume II, London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1850, →OCLC:

"Of course she is clever," said Mrs. Pope. "Or we shouldn't have sent her to Oxbridge. There she's doing quite well—quite well. Everyone says so. I don't know, of course, if Mr. Magnet will let her finish there."

1912, H[erbert] G[eorge] Wells, Marriage, London: Macmillan and Co., Limited […], →OCLC, book the first (Marjorie Marries), page 152:

In another, he says: “Why has the BBC allowed the format of this programme to treat all other universities in the UK apart from Oxbridge as second class?”

2023 March 26, Matthew Weaver, “BBC rejects charge of elitist Oxbridge bias in University Challenge”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:

(UK, education) The University of Oxford and the University of Cambridge collectively.


adviser

(Philippines, education) Short for class adviser.


intensive

The adjective is derived from Late Middle English intensive (“fervent, great, intense”), borrowed from Old French intensif, intensive (modern French intensif) + Middle English -ive (suffix meaning ‘of the nature of, relating to’ forming adjectives), equivalent to intense + -ive. Intensif is from Medieval Latin intēnsīvus, from Latin intēnsus (“attentive; eager, intent; intensive”) + -īvus (suffix forming adjectives with the sense ‘doing; related to doing’); and intēnsus is the perfect passive participle of intendō (“to stretch out, strain”), from in- (prefix meaning ‘to, towards’) + tendō (“to extend, stretch, stretch out”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *tend- (“to extend, stretch”)). Doublet of intend.
The noun is derived from the adjective.

der

Beginning in 2014, ETSI [the Emory-Tibet Science Initiative] embarked on a six-year implementation phase at three monastic universities (Sera, Ganden, and Drepung). This program is composed of summer intensives taught by faculty from Emory and other institutions, year-round study led by on-site instructors, translation and production of bilingual textbooks and instructional videos, and further curriculum refinement.

2017, “Supporting Organizations”, in Wendy Hasenkamp, Janna R. White, editors, The Monastery and the Microscope: Conversations with the Dalai Lama on Mind, Mindfulness, and the Nature of Reality, New Haven, Conn.; London: Yale University Press, →ISBN, page 372:

(education) A course taught intensively, involving much activity in a short period of time.


public

en-adj

public (comparative more public, superlative most public)

more public (comparative)
most public (superlative)
publick (alternative)
publicke (alternative)
publike (alternative)
publique (alternative)

The adjective and noun are derived from Late Middle English publik, publike (“(adjective) generally observable, public; relating to the general public or public affairs; (noun) a generally observable place or situation”), from Anglo-Norman public, publik, publique, Middle French public, publique, and Old French public (“(adjective) generally observable, public; relating to the general public; official; (noun) community or its members collectively; nation, state; audience, spectators collectively”) (modern French public, publique (obsolete)); and from their etymon Latin pūblicus (“of or belonging to the community, people, or state; general, public”), an alteration of poplicus (influenced by pūbēs (“adult men; male population”)), from poplus (“community; the people, public; nation, state”) (later populus; from Proto-Italic *poplos (“army”); further origin uncertain, possibly from Etruscan or from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₁- (“to fill”)) + -icus (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’). Doublet of people.
The Middle English word displaced native Old English ceorlfolc and folclic.
The verb is derived from the adjective.

publik

open to all members of a community, as opposed to only a segment of it

nobody ever went broke underestimating the good taste of the American public

nobody ever went broke underestimating the intelligence of the American public

nobody ever went broke underestimating the taste of the American public

no one ever went broke underestimating the intelligence of the American public

no one ever went broke underestimating the taste of the American public

I meruailled, why himſelf [Niccolò Leoniceno] did not practiſe Phiſike of whiche facultee he was a Doctour, and a publique reader: I auaile moche more, ſaieth he, in that I teach all thother Phiſiciãs [physicians].

1564 February, Erasmus, “The Saiynges of Socrates”, in Nicolas Udall [i.e., Nicholas Udall], transl., Apophthegmes, that is to Saie, Prompte, Quicke, Wittie and Sentẽcious Saiynges, […], London: […] Ihon Kingston, →OCLC, book I, folio 4, recto, paragraph 11:

(UK, education, chiefly historical) In some older universities in the United Kingdom: open or pertaining to the whole university, as opposed to a constituent college or an individual staff member or student.


SCR

en-noun

SCR (countable and uncountable, plural SCRs)

(education) Initialism of senior common room (in British universities).


PTC

(education) Principals' Training Center.


PAL

PAL (countable and uncountable, plural PALs)

(education) Acronym of peer-assisted learning.


GCE

General Certificate of Education
w:General Certificate of Education

(education) Initialism of General Certificate of Education.


GCE

Global Campaign for Education
w:Global Campaign for Education

(education) Initialism of Global Campaign for Education.


NVQ

National Vocational Qualification
w:National Vocational Qualification

(UK, education) Initialism of National Vocational Qualification.


provost

From Middle English, from late Old English prōfost, prāfost, from Late Latin prōpositus, variant of Latin praepositus (“[one] placed in command”). In some senses, via Anglo-Norman provolt; via Anglo-Norman and Old French provost (modern French prévôt). As a Central European ecclesiastical office, via German Propst, Danish provst, etc.

steward

deputy overseeing medieval estates or fees

police officer

deputy overseeing medieval law enforcement; military police

One placed in charge: a head, a chief, particularly:

(UK, higher education) The head of various colleges and universities.

The provost of the University of Massachusetts has reversed a decision by faculty personnel committees not to renew the contracts of two professors engaged in sex research.

1982 August 21, Keith Beasley, “U/Mass Professors To Keep Positions Despite Controversy”, in Gay Community News, volume 10, number 6, page 3:

The princess, already a serious and diligent child, was given lessons on constitutional matters by Sir Henry Marten, the provost of Eton, and became aware even then that she should not show emotion and must maintain a certain reserve.

2022 September 8, Stephen Bates, “Queen Elizabeth II obituary”, in The Guardian:

A senior deputy, a superintendent, particularly:

(US, higher education) A senior deputy administrator; a vice-president of academic affairs.


PRC

en-noun

PRC (countable and uncountable, plural PRCs)

(education) Initialism of Preschool Referral Committee.


para

(US, education, informal) Clipping of paraprofessional educator.


counselor

counselors (plural)
in Canada (US alternative)
counsellor (alternative British Canada)
counselour (alternative obsolete)
counsellour (alternative obsolete)
counseller (alternative archaic)

From Middle English conseillour, counseiler, from Anglo-Norman cunseiler, cunseiliour, from Old French conseillier, from Latin consiliator, agent noun from cōnsilior (“I take counsel”), from cōnsilium (“plan, council, wisdom, advice”). Compare councilor. Displaced native Middle English redere, Middle English redesman, and Middle English redyeve, from Old English rǣdġiefa (literally “advice giver”).

ncog

(education) A school counselor, often in a specialty such as careers, education, or health.


Michaelmas

Michaelmases (plural)
Mihilmas (alternative obsolete)

From Middle English Michelmasse, Myghelmesse; equivalent to Michael + -mas.

(UK, Ireland, law, education) Ellipsis of Michaelmas term.


block

→ Dutch: block

→ German: Block

→ Irish: bloc

→ Manx: block

→ Maori: poraka

→ Norwegian: blokk

→ Polish: blok

desctree

→ Russian: блок (blok)
→ Armenian: բլոկ (blok)
→ Yakut: блок (blok)

→ Spanish: block

→ Vietnamese: lốc

From Middle English blok (“log, stump, solid piece”), from Old French bloc (“log, block”), from Middle Dutch blok (“treetrunk”), from Old Dutch *blok (“log”), from Proto-West Germanic *blokk, from Proto-Germanic *blukką (“beam, log”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰelǵ- (“thick plank, beam, pile, prop”). Cognate with Old Frisian blok, Old Saxon blok, Old High German bloh, bloc (“block”), Old English bolca (“gangway of a ship, plank”), Old Norse bǫlkr (“divider, partition”). More at balk. See also bloc, bulk.

طَابُوقَة

substantial often approximately cuboid piece

թաղամաս

group of buildings demarcated by streets

A logical extent or region; a grouping or apportionment of like things treated together as a unit.

(education) A yeargroup at Eton College.


award

en-verb

award (third-person singular simple present awards, present participle awarding, simple past and past participle awarded)

awards (present singular third-person)
awarding (participle present)
awarded (participle past)
awarded (past)

From Middle English awarden, from Anglo-Norman awarder, from Medieval Latin *exwardare, from Latin ex (“out”) + Medieval Latin wardare, guardare (“to observe, regard, guard”); see ward, guard, regard.

Do not award marks for data from previous questions.

(transitive, British, education) (in an examination) To give marks for a correct answer.


section

From Middle English seccioun, from Old French section, from Latin sectiō (“cutting, cutting off, excision, amputation of diseased parts of the body, etc.”), from sectus, past participle of secāre (“to cut”). More at saw.

разрэ́з

surgery: incision or the act of making an incision

(Philippines, education) A class in a school; a group of students in a regularly scheduled meeting with a teacher in a certain school year or semester or school quarter year.


normal

en-adj

normal (comparative normaler or more normal, superlative normalest or most normal)

normaler (comparative)
more normal (comparative)
normalest (superlative)
most normal (superlative)

From Latin normālis (“made according to a carpenter's square; later: according to a rule”), from nōrma (“carpenter's square”), of uncertain origin; doublet of normale. The earliest meaning of the word in English was "perpendicular; forming a right angle" like something normālis (“made according to a carpenter's square”), but by Late Latin normālis had also come to mean "according to a rule", from which modern English senses of the word derive: in the 1800s, as people began to quantitatively study things like height, weight and blood pressure, the usual or most common values came to be called "normal", and by extension values regarded as healthy or desirable came to be called "normal" regardless of their usuality.

der

My grandmother attended Mankato State Normal School; my grandfather attended Illinois State Normal University.

PURPOSE AND SCOPE[:] The State Normal College prepares teachers for the public schools of Montana. It accomplishes its work through professional courses, directed observation of expert teaching, and […]

1928, Western Montana College, Western Montana College of Education, Catalogue of the Montana State Normal College, page 10:

(education, of a school) Teaching teachers how to teach; teaching teachers the norms of education.

師範 /师范

pertaining to a school to teach teachers how to teach


strand

Origin uncertain. Cognate with Scots stran, strawn, strand (“strand”). Perhaps the same as strand ("rivulet, stream, gutter"; see Etymology 1 above); or from Middle English *stran, from Old French estran (“a rope, cord”), from Middle High German stren, strene (“skein, strand”), from Old High German streno, from Proto-West Germanic *strenō, from Proto-Germanic *strinô (“strip, strand”), from Proto-Indo-European *strēy-, *ster- (“strip, line, streak, ray, stripe, row”); related to Dutch streng (“skein, hank of thread, strand, string”), German Strähne (“skein, hank of thread, strand of hair”). Compare also Old High German stranga (“strand of hair”), modern German Strang (“strand, thread, cord”).

cog

(formal) A specialization of a senior high school track.

(Philippines, education)
(informal) Synonym of track.


EI

en-noun

EI (countable and uncountable, plural EIs)

(education) Initialism of extra instruction.


level

level (countable and uncountable, plural levels)

→ German: Level

→ Irish: leibhéal

desctree

→ Japanese: レベル (reberu)
→ Korean: 레벨 (rebel)

→ Welsh: lefel

From Middle English level, from Old French livel, liveau m, later nivel, niveau, from Latin libella f (“a balance, a level”), diminutive of libra f (“a balance, a level”); see libra, librate. Doublet of libella and niveau.
The verb is from Middle English levelen, from the noun.

(Singapore, education) A school grade or year.


letter grade

Do you give letter grades for class participation, or just for homework and exams?

(education) A letter of the alphabet assigned as an evaluation of schoolwork.


KERA

(US, education) Acronym of Kentucky Education Reform Act (1990).


examination

en-noun

examination (countable and uncountable, plural examinations)

/ɪɡˌzæmɪˈneɪʃən/

/ɪɡˌzæməˈneɪʃən/

[ɪɡˌzɛəm.əˈneɪ.ʃn̩]

/ɪɡˌzæməˈnæɪʃən/

From Middle English examinacioun, from Old French examinacion, from Latin exāminātiō.
Morphologically examine + -ation

(education) A formal test involving answering written or oral questions under a time constraint and usually without access to textbooks; typically, a large, written test administered to high school and college students covering course material studied in a semester.


comp

In mid-April I took my comp test at the Mather AFB education office. Two weeks later I got a letter telling me I had passed my comp test on the first try.

2019, Kelly D. Harrison, Air Force Cop: An Autobiography, Dorrance Publishing, →ISBN, page 389:

(education) Clipping of comprehensive examination.

Although she got expelled from Pennington after three months and ended up at Broadmead, which is like this totally tough comp where they have to check you for weapons at the door.

2011, Joanna Nadin, Buttercup Mash, OUP Oxford, →ISBN:

comprehensive school
comprehensive school#English

(British, education) Clipping of comprehensive school.


cosh

There is no need here to digress on the advantages or otherwise of using a 'cosh' in schools […]

1959, Iona Opie, Peter Opie, The lore and language of schoolchildren, page 374:

Often, he walked around the room with the cosh in his hand, taking slashes at legs that happened to stray sideways […]

2019, John Loveday, The Boy from Rod Alley, page 115:


higher

(Scotland, education) A national school-leaving examination and university entrance qualification.

àrd-ìre

a non-compulsory examination taken in the final two years in Scottish high schools


culmination

culmination (countable and uncountable, plural culminations)

Borrowed from French culmination, from culminer, or from Medieval Latin culminatus + -tion.
Morphologically culminate + -ion.

Coordinate term: (high school) graduation

(US, education) A ceremony marking the completion of studies at an elementary school, middle school or junior high school.


extension

extension (countable and uncountable, plural extensions)

From Middle English extensioun, from Old French estension, from Latin extensiō, extensiōnem.

(education) University programs that are targeted at the broader (usually adults) community whose participants are not full-time enrolled students.


inarticulation

inarticulation (countable and uncountable, plural inarticulations)

"Another traditional source of inarticulation is the requirement of an eighth-grade diploma for entrance to high school."

1937, Fred Engelhardt, Alfred Victor Overn, Secondary Education: Principles and Practices, page 124:

(education, US) Any point in the educational system in which the development of the individual is hindered.


secondary

en-adj

secondary (not generally comparable, comparative more secondary, superlative most secondary)

more secondary (comparative)
most secondary (superlative)

From Middle English secundarie, from Latin secundārius (“of the second class or quality”), from secundus (whence the English second) + -ārius (whence the English suffix -ary), equivalent to second + -ary; compare the French secondaire, the Italian secondario, the Occitan secundari, the Portuguese secundario, and the Spanish secundario.

der

English numerals#Ordinal numbers
secondary

(education) Related to secondary education, i.e. schooling between the ages of (approximately) 11 and 18.


secondary

There are four secondaries in this district, each with several thousand pupils.


shell

From Middle English schelle, from Old English sċiell, from Proto-West Germanic *skallju, from Proto-Germanic *skaljō, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kelH- (“to split, cleave”).
Compare West Frisian skyl (“peel, rind”), Dutch schil (“peel, skin, rink”), Low German Schell (“shell, scale”), Irish scelec (“pebble”), Old Church Slavonic сколика (skolika, “shell”). More at shale.
Doublet of sheal.
* (computing): From being viewed as an outer layer of interface between the user and the operating-system internals.

cog

Chinese (Mandarin) is taught at Westminster from the Lower Shell as an optional subject.

2013, “Chinese (Mandarin)”, in Westminster School, retrieved 2023-12-04:

(British, education) One or more school grades within secondary education, at certain public schools.


track

→ Kashubian: trak (Canada)

From Middle English trak, tracke, from Old French trac (“track of horses, trail, trace”), of uncertain origin. Likely from a Germanic source, either Old Norse traðk ("a track; path; trodden spot"; > Icelandic traðk (“a track; path; tread”), Faroese traðk (“track; tracks”), Norwegian tråkke (“to trample”)) or from Middle Dutch trec, *trac, treck ("line, row, series"; > Dutch trek (“a draft; feature; trait; groove; expedition”)), German Low German Treck (“a draught; movement; passage; flow”). See tread, trek.

gloss

"line, row, series"; > Dutch <i class="Latn mention" lang="nl">trek</i> (“a draft; feature; trait; groove; expedition”)

cog

(Philippines, education) A specialization in senior high school. Some tracks consist of strands.


transcript

[ˈtʃɹʷænskɹʷɪp̚t]

From Latin transcriptum, from transcribere.

The grading policy now specifies that all students enrolled before the spring 1982 semester in classes of less than 40 students will receive written evaluations, with either a nonletter grade (honors, pass or no credit) or a letter grade on their transcripts. Under the old system, the no-credit notation did not appear on the transcript.

1982 April 11, Timothy McDarrah, “THE LETTER-GRADE CONTROVERSY”, in The New York Times:

(education) An inventory of the courses taken and grades earned of a student alleged throughout a course.


GC

(education) Initialism of Google Classroom.


DFA

(education) Initialism of doctor of fine arts.


cloze

The clozes, at least those used in the examinations, have the distinct advantage that they expose the students to continuous and reasonably authentic text[…]

1994, Joseph Boyle, Peter Falvey, English Language Testing in Hong Kong, page 8:

this time the cloze is about the declination of adjectives

2013 March 13, “Lückentext - cloze”, in German Language Blog, retrieved 2013-03-15:

(education) A form of written examination in which candidates are required to provide words that have been omitted from sentences, thereby demonstrating their knowledge and comprehension of the text.


progressive

en-adj

progressive (comparative more progressive, superlative most progressive)

more progressive (comparative)
most progressive (superlative)
prog. (alternative abbreviation)
prog (alternative clipping)

/pɹəˈɡɹɛsɪv/

/pɹəˈɡɹɛsɪv/

/pɹəˈɡɹesɪv/

From the Middle French progressif, from the Latin prōgressīvus, from prōgredior (perfect participial stem: prōgress-) + -īvus. Displaced native Old English forþgenġe. By surface analysis, progress + -ive.

af

perfect participial stem: <i class="Latn mention" lang="la">prōgress-</i>

a progressive school

progressive education
progressive education

(education) Of or relating to progressive education.


PPG

en-noun

PPG (countable and uncountable, plural PPGs)

(UK, education) Initialism of pupil premium grant.


conference

en-verb

conference (third-person singular simple present conferences, present participle conferencing, simple past and past participle conferenced)

conferences (present singular third-person)
conferencing (participle present)
conferenced (participle past)
conferenced (past)

From Middle French conférence, from Medieval Latin cōnferentia, from Latin cōnferēns, several steps omitting from con- + ferō.
Compare parallel Russian собра́ние (sobránije), Russian сбо́рище (sbórišče), akin to с- (s-), со- (so-) + брать (bratʹ), ultimately from the same Indo-European prefix and root. Also compare congress, convention.

University of Hong Kong Faculty of Law
conference

The students who were conferenced on paper 1 will get a written response to paper 2, and those who received a written response to paper 1 will be conferenced on paper 2.

2009, Jennifer Berne, The Writing-Rich High School Classroom:

(ambitransitive, education) To assess (a student) by one-on-one conversation, rather than an examination.


GNVQ

w:General National Vocational Qualification

(UK, education) Initialism of General National Vocational Qualification.


stream

→ Finnish: striimi (live stream)

From Middle English streem, strem, from Old English strēam, from Proto-West Germanic *straum, from Proto-Germanic *straumaz (“stream”), from Proto-Indo-European *srowmos (“river”), from Proto-Indo-European *srew- (“to flow”). Doublet of rheum.
Cognate with Scots strem, streme, streym (“stream, river”), North Frisian strum (“stream”), West Frisian stream (“stream”), Low German Stroom (“stream”), Dutch stroom (“current, flow, stream”), German Strom (“current, stream”), Danish and Norwegian Bokmål strøm (“current, stream, flow”), Norwegian Nynorsk straum (“current, stream, flow”), Swedish ström (“current, stream, flow”), Icelandic straumur (“current, stream, torrent, flood”), Ancient Greek ῥεῦμα (rheûma, “stream, flow”), Lithuanian srovė (“current, stream”) Polish strumień (“stream”), Welsh ffrwd (“stream, current”), Scottish Gaelic sruth (“stream”).

cog

All of the bright kids went into the A stream, but I was in the B stream.

(UK, education) A division of a school year by perceived ability.


grade

→ Japanese: グレード (gurēdo)

→ Swahili: gredi

Borrowed from Middle French grade (“a grade, degree”), from Latin gradus (“a step, pace, degree”), from Proto-Italic *graðus, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰradʰ-, *gʰredʰ- (“to walk, go”). Doublet of gradus.
Cognate with Gothic 𐌲𐍂𐌹𐌸𐍃 (griþs, “step, grade”), Bavarian Gritt (“step, stride”), Lithuanian gri̇̀diju (“to go, wander”).

Clancy is entering the fifth grade this year.

Clancy starts grade five this year.

(Canada, US, Philippines, education) A level of primary and secondary education.

The grade fives are on a field trip.

(Canada, education) A student of a particular grade (used with the grade level).


transition

en-noun

transition (countable and uncountable, plural transitions)

/tɹɑːnˈzɪ.ʃən/

Etymology tree
Middle French transitionbor.
English transition
From Middle French transition, from Latin transitio. By surface analysis, transit + -ion.

etymon

filtered-popping recursive transition network

(education) Professional special education assistance for children or adults in the process of leaving one educational environment or support program for another to relatively more independent living.


upper

en-adj

upper (comparative uppermore, superlative uppermost)

uppermore (comparative)
uppermost (superlative)

(education) Of or pertaining to a secondary school.


chunk

Variant of chuck; or alternatively a diminutive of chump (“chunk; block”) + *-k (diminutive suffix) (compare hunk from hump, etc.).

examples of chunks would include "in accordance with", "the results of", and "so far"

(linguistics, education) A sequence of two or more words that occur in language with high frequency but are not idiomatic; a bundle or cluster.


refer

en-verb

refer (third-person singular simple present refers, present participle referring, simple past and past participle referred)

refers (present singular third-person)
referring (participle present)
referred (participle past)
referred (past)

From Middle English referren, from Old French referer, from Latin referre. The noun (used in journalism) is from the verb. Doublet of relate. See also infer, collate and confer, delate and defer, as well as prelate and prefer among others.

refer someone to the reply given in Arkell v Pressdram

Smith's marks in the finals were unsatisfactory and he was referred.

(transitive, education) To require to resit an examination.


external

en-adj

external (comparative more external, superlative most external)

more external (comparative)
most external (superlative)
externall (alternative)

From Late Middle English, from Medieval Latin externus (“outward, external”), from exter/exterus (“on the outside, outward”).

der

external degrees

(education) For or concerning students registered with and taking the examinations of a university but not resident there.


makeup

Makeup
Merriam-Webster
Oxford English Dictionary

en-noun

makeup (usually uncountable, plural makeups)

makeups (plural)
make-up (alternative)
make up (alternative)

⇒ Portuguese: make

→ Japanese: メイクアップ

“Will I get a chance to take a makeup? My mother paid for the exam.”

2020, Tayari Jones, Silver Sparrow, Oneworld Publications, page 117:

(education) A test given to students allowing them to repeat failed material.

pótteszt

education: test given to students allowing them to repeat failed material


clearing

clearing (countable and uncountable, plural clearings)

(British, education) The period in which remaining university places are allocated to remaining students.


version

version (countable and uncountable, plural versions)

From Middle French version, from Medieval Latin versiō, from Latin vertō (“I turn”). Used in English since 16th century.

(education, archaic) A school exercise, generally of composition in a foreign language.


bundle

From Middle English bundel, from Middle Dutch bondel or Old English byndele, byndelle (“a binding; tying; fastening with bands”); both from Proto-Germanic *bundil-, derivative of *bundą (“bundle”). Compare also bindle, Dutch bundel, German Bündel.

(linguistics, education) A sequence of two or more words that occur in language with high frequency but are not idiomatic; a chunk, cluster, or lexical bundle.

ryväs

linguistics: unidiomatic sequence of words that occurs with high frequency


session

→ Japanese: セッション (sesshon)

→ Korean: 세션 (sesyeon)

→ Scottish Gaelic: seisean

From Middle English session, from Old French session, from Latin sessiō (“a sitting”), from sedeō (“sit”).


lines

If you don't behave I'll give you lines

I had to write out 200 lines

(education) A school punishment in which a student must repeatedly write out a line of text related to the offence (e.g. "I must be quiet in class") a specified number of times; the lines of text so written out.


CP

CP (countable and uncountable, plural CPs)

(education) Initialism of college prep; college preparatory.


Easter

Easter (countable and uncountable, plural Easters)

→ Chickasaw: Iista'

The noun is derived from Middle English Ester, from Old English ēastre, seemingly from Ēastre, a proposed Anglo-Saxon goddess of the dawn whose festival is thought to have been celebrated around the vernal equinox. Further from Proto-West Germanic *Austrā, from Proto-Germanic *Austrǭ, derived from either Proto-Indo-European *h₂ews- (“dawn; east”) or, more semantically plausible, from *austrą, *auzrą, a metathesized form of *wazrą (“spring (season)”), *-ǭ, from Proto-Indo-European *wósr̥ (“spring”).
The English word is cognate with German Low German Oostern (“Easter”), Old High German ōstarūn (modern German Ostern) and is possibly a doublet of east. Despite a modern folk etymology, not related to Ishtar.
The verb is derived from the noun.

der

(UK, Ireland, law, education) Ellipsis of Easter term.


TEFL

Acronym of teaching (of) English as a foreign language.

acronym

(education) Teaching of English as a foreign language.


NAT

National Achievement Test
w:National Achievement Test

(Philippines, education) Initialism of National Achievement Test.


SAS

special assistance school
special assistance school#English

(Australia, education) Initialism of special assistance school.


orientation

en-noun

orientation (countable and uncountable, plural orientations)

→ Japanese: オリエンテーション (orientēshon)

→ Korean: 오리엔테이션 (orienteisyeon)

/ˌɔɹiɛnˈteɪʃən/

From French orientation. By surface analysis, orient + -ation.

(countable) An introduction to a (new) environment.

(education) Events to orient new students at a school; events to help new students become familiar with a school.


yearbook

yearbook (countable and uncountable, plural yearbooks)

yearbooks (plural)
year-book (alternative)

From year + book. Compare West Frisian jierboek (“yearbook”), Dutch jaarboek (“yearbook”), German Jahrbuch (“yearbook”), Swedish årsbok (“yearbook”), Faroese árbók (“annal, record”).

(countable, US, education) A publication compiled by the graduating class of a high school or college, recording the year's events and containing photographs of students and faculty.

ročenka

(uncountable, US, education) A school subject in which students learn journalistic skills by compiling a yearbook.


syllabus

Borrowed from Medieval Latin syllabus (“list”), which arose as a misprint, its accusative plural syllabos appearing in place of sittybas in a 1470s edition of Cicero's “Ad Atticum” IV.5 and 8. The corrupt form was influenced by the stem of Ancient Greek συλλαμβάνω (sullambánō, “put together”), the source of σῠλλᾰβή (sŭllăbḗ, “syllable”); the true etymon is σιττύβα (sittúba, “parchment label, table of contents”) [or σιττύβας (sittúbas)] of unknown origin.

der

In the first half of the year, teachers attended the training workshop for the new K-10 Chinese syllabus. In July, almost all the teachers attended the teacher training courses provided by OCAC.

2019 November 23, A Falun Dafa practitioner in Australia, “Eliminating Attachments While Helping Coordinate a Minghui School”, in Minghui:

‘I checked online for a beginner syllabus,’ she say. ‘A syllabus is a plan for how we would work, what I can teach you.’

2020, Abi Daré, The Girl With The Louding Voice, Sceptre, page 183:

(education) A summary of topics which will be covered during an academic course, or a text or lecture.


comprehension

en-noun

comprehension (countable and uncountable, plural comprehensions)

/ˌkɒmpɹɪˈhɛnʃn̩/

/ˌkɑmpɹɪˈhɛnʃn̩/

Borrowed from Middle French compréhension, from Latin comprehensiō (“taking together”), from com- (“with, together”) + prehendō (“take”).

af

Reading comprehension
reading comprehension


certificate

→ Punjabi: ਸਰਟੀਫਿਕੇਟ (sarṭīphikeṭ)

→ Welsh: stifficet

(education) A document serving as evidence that a person has completed an educational course, issued either by an institution not authorised to grant diplomas, or to a student not qualifying for a diploma.


extracurricular

extracurriculars (plural)
extra-curricular (alternative)

/ˌɛkstɹəkəˈɹɪkjʊlə(ɹ)/

(education) An activity outside the normal academic curriculum.

különóra

an activity outside the normal academic curriculum


ERC

early career researcher
w:early career researcher

(education) Initialism of early career researcher.


mainstream

en-verb

mainstream (third-person singular simple present mainstreams, present participle mainstreaming, simple past and past participle mainstreamed)

mainstreams (present singular third-person)
mainstreaming (participle present)
mainstreamed (participle past)
mainstreamed (past)

From main + stream. Cognate with Icelandic meginstraumur (“a main current, mainstream”).

cog

Despite these beliefs, the decision to send my son to a regular school was not made easily. I didn't know of any child as disabled as he who had been mainstreamed.

1985 April 14, Barbara Gerbasi, “Mainstreaming My Son”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

(transitive, education, chiefly US) To educate (a disabled student) together with non-disabled students.


remedial

From Latin remediālis. By surface analysis, remedy + -al.

(education) A pupil enrolled in special classes to improve deficient skills.


endorsement

en-noun

endorsement (countable and uncountable, plural endorsements)

endorsements (plural)
endorsation (alternative)
indorsation (alternative Scotland)
indorsement (alternative)

Wanted: Accredited teacher with Grade 12 mathematics endorsement.

To transport gasoline, truckers must have a valid licence and the hazardous materials endorsement.

(education, certification) Permission to carry out a specific skill or application in a field in which the practitioner already has a general licence.

Zusatzqualifikation

permission to carry out a specific skill or application in a field in which the practitioner already has a general licence


censor

The noun is borrowed from Latin cēnsor (“magistrate; critic”), from cēnseō (“to give an opinion, judge; to assess, reckon; to decree, determine”) + -sor (variant of -tor (suffix forming masculine agent nouns)). Cēnseō is derived from Proto-Italic *kensēō, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱens- (“to announce, proclaim; to put in order”). The English word is cognate with Late Middle English sensour, Proto-Iranian *cánhati (“to declare; to explain”), Sanskrit शंसति (śaṃsati, “to declare”).
The verb is derived from the noun.

cog

During his [Theophilus Higgons's] reſidence in the ſaid houſe [Christ Church, Oxford], he was eſteemed a Perſon to be much ſtained with Puritaniſme, and to be violent againſt all ſuch that were ſuſpected to favour the Romiſh See. When he was Cenſor alſo, he was ſo zealous as to ſaw down a harmleſs maypole ſtanding within the precincts of the ſaid houſe, becauſe forſooth he thought it came out of a Romiſh Foreſt.

1691, [Anthony Wood], “THEOPHILUS HIGGONS”, in Athenæ Oxonienses. An Exact History of All the Writers and Bishops who have had Their Education in the Most Ancient and Famous University of Oxford from the Fifteenth Year of King Henry the Seventh, Dom. 1500, to the End of the Year 1690. […], volume II (Completing the Whole Work), London: […] Tho[mas] Bennet […], →OCLC, column 154:

(education) A college or university official whose duties vary depending on the institution.


ditto

First attested in 1625. From regional Italian ditto, variant of detto, past participle of dire (“to say”), from Latin dīcō (“I say, I speak”). Not related to English dittography or Italian dito (“finger”).
The specific meaning of making copies of paper comes from ditto machine, the brand name of a spirit duplicator.

(education, uncommon) Synonym of worksheet (“a sheet of paper or computerized document”)


wrangler

During all this excursion, she condescended to say civil things to him: she quoted Italian and French poetry to the poor bewildered lad, and persisted that he was a fine scholar, and was perfectly sure he would gain a gold medal, and be a Senior Wrangler.

1847 January – 1848 July, William Makepeace Thackeray, chapter XXXIV, in Vanity Fair […], London: Bradbury and Evans […], published 1848, →OCLC:

(UK, education, Cambridge University) A student who has completed the third year of the mathematical tripos with first-class honours.

(US, education, New England, derogatory) A special education teacher.


retain

en-verb

retain (third-person singular simple present retains, present participle retaining, simple past and past participle retained)

retains (present singular third-person)
retaining (participle present)
retained (participle past)
retained (past)
retain (infinitive)
retain (first-person present singular)
retained (first-person past singular)
retain (present second-person singular)
retainest (archaic present second-person singular)
retained (past second-person singular)
retainedst (archaic past second-person singular)
retains (present singular third-person)
retaineth (archaic present singular third-person)
retained (past singular third-person)
retain (plural present)
retained (past plural)
retain (present subjunctive)
retained (past subjunctive)
retain (imperative present)
retaining (participle present)
retained (participle past)

From Late Middle English reteinen, retein (“to continue to keep, retain; to continue to possess; to possess; to contain; to draw back, retire; to hold back, restrain; to keep in mind, remember; to take back, repossess; to appoint; to engage in one’s service, employ, hire”) [and other forms], from Anglo-Norman reteiner, retenir [and other forms], Middle French retenir, and Old French retenir (“to keep back, retain; to keep, maintain, preserve; to possess; to engage in one’s service, employ; to detain; to hold back, restrain; to remember”) (modern French retenir), from Vulgar Latin *retinīre, from Latin retinēre, the present active infinitive of retineō (“to keep or hold back, detain, retain; to hold in check, stop; to hold fast, maintain; to keep in mind, remember”) (compare Late Latin retineō (“to keep engaged in one’s service”)), from re- (prefix meaning ‘again’) + teneō (“to grasp, hold; to hold fast, restrain; to possess; to keep in mind, remember”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ten- (“to extend, stretch”)).
Sense 1.10 (“to declare (a sin) not forgiven”) is derived from John 20:23 in the Bible, in Late Latin quorum retinueritis, retenta sunt, and in Koine Greek ἄν τινων κρατῆτε, κεκράτηνται: see the 1526 quotation.
Cognates
* Catalan retenir
* Italian retenere (obsolete), ritenere
* Portuguese reter
* Spanish retener

nb...

retainen, retayne, reteign, reteigne, reteine, retene, retenne, reteyene, reteygn, reteygne, reteyign, reteyn, reteyne, retine

restenir, reteigner, reteingner, retener, retenier, retiner

lang

ἄν τινων κρατῆτε, κεκράτηνται

ἄν τινων κρατῆτε, κεκράτηνται

أَبْقَى

to keep (something) in control or possession; to continue having (something)

pidättää

of a body or body organ: to hold back tissue or a substance

Often followed by from: to hold back (someone or something); to check, to prevent, to restrain, to stop.

(education) To hold back (a pupil) instead of allowing them to advance to the next class or year; to keep back.


recess

en-noun

recess (countable and uncountable, plural recesses)

The noun is borrowed from Latin recessus (“act of going back, departure, receding, retiring; (figuratively) retreat, withdrawal; (metonymically) distant, secluded, or secret spot, corner, nook, retreat; recessed part, indentation”) (also Late Latin recessus (“decree or resolution of the Diet of the Holy Roman Empire”)), from recēdō (“to go back, recede, retire, withdraw; to go away, depart; (by extension) to disappear, vanish; to separate; to stand back, be distant; to yield”) (from re- (prefix meaning ‘back, backwards’) + cēdō (“to go, move, proceed”)) + -tus (suffix forming action nouns from verbs); influenced by Middle French recès, French recès (“a break, pause; break between classes in school; school vacation; ebbing of tide; reduction”) (also Anglo-Norman recès and Old French recès (“hiding place; hollow”).
Sense 5 (“decree or resolution of the diet of the Holy Roman Empire, etc.”) is possibly influenced by Italian recesso and refers to a decree or resolution made just before a meeting ends.
The adjective and verb are derived from the noun.
Cognates
* Catalan recés
* Italian recesso
* Middle French recès (modern French recès)
* Portuguese recesso
* Spanish receso

дебри

hidden, innermost, or inaccessible place or part of a place

فُسْحة

temporary stoppage of an activity — see also break, pause

Students who do not listen in class will not play outside during recess.

(countable) A temporary stoppage of an activity; a break, a pause.

(Australia, British, Canada, US, Philippines, education) A time away from studying during the school day for a meal or recreation.


lector

lectors (plural)
lectour (alternative obsolete)

From Middle English lector, lectoure, lectour, from Late Latin lēctor, from legō (“I read”). “Voice-over” sense probably adapted from Polish lektor.

(education) A public lecturer or reader at some universities.


DCL

en-noun

DCL (countable and uncountable, plural DCLs)

Doctor of Civil Law
w:Doctor of Civil Law

(British, education) Initialism of Doctor of Civil Law.

Doctor of Canon Law
Doctor of Canon Law#English

(Catholicism, education) Initialism of Doctor of Canon Law and alternative form of JCD (“Juris Canonici Doctor”).


tandem

tandem (countable and uncountable, plural tandems)

PIE word
 *téh₂m
The noun is borrowed from Latin tandem (“of time: at last, at length, finally”), applied humorously in English to two horses harnessed “at length” (that is, in a single line) instead of side-by-side. Tandem is derived from tam (“so, to such an extent”) + -dem (demonstrative suffix).
The adjective, adverb, and verb are derived from the noun.

tandem

carriage pulled by two or more draught animals harnessed one behind the other; two draught animals harnessed one behind the other

tandem-

thing with two components arranged one behind the other

Spanish and English tandem learners discuss the meaning of a given word in a semi-structured conversation. […] Tandem learning is the term used to describe the learning which takes place when native speakers and learners of each other's language learn from each other and help each other learn. […] Tandem learners are responsible for identifying their own needs, setting their own coals and finding means to achieve them.

2007, Jane Woodin, “Intercultural Positioning: Tandem Conversations about Word Meaning”, in Regina Weinert, editor, Spoken Language Pragmatics: An Analysis of Form-Function Relations, London; New York, N.Y.: Continuum, →ISBN, page 208:

(uncountable, education) A method of language learning based on mutual exchange, where ideally each learner is a native speaker in the language the other person wants to learn.


backbencher

backbenchers (plural)
back-bencher (alternative)

Classmates naturally turn to look at the backbencher, who must acknowledge his presence, with some embarrassment.

1978, Ralph Canada, Charles Cheatham, Tony Licata, Surviving the first year of law school, page 37:

The teacher also gets an idea of the "backbenchers" or the slow students since he can see which desk is still to send an answer.

2000 March, Renu Sahni, Nandita Satsangee, Vishal Sahni, Soami P. Satangee, “Intelligent Class Rooms of the Future”, in Proceedings of the National Seminar on Applied Systems Engineering and Soft Computing, →ISBN, page 630:

When I was in a primary school, I was a backbencher student.

2014, Jill Brown, Navigating International Academia: Research Student Narratives, →ISBN, page 630:

(education) A student who does not perform well, especially one who sits at the back of the classroom.


loop

en-verb

loop (third-person singular simple present loops, present participle looping, simple past and past participle looped)

loops (present singular third-person)
looping (participle present)
looped (participle past)
looped (past)

From Middle English loupe (“noose, loop”), earlier lowp-knot (“loop-knot”), of North Germanic origin, from Old Norse hlaup (“a run”), used in the sense of a "running knot", from hlaupa (“to leap”), ultimately from Proto-Germanic *hlaupaną (“to leap, run”). Compare Swedish löp-knut (“loop-knot”), Danish løb-knude (“a running knot”), Danish løb (“a course”). More at leap. The verb is derived from the noun.

der

Tolland Middle School in Connecticut where close to four hundred middle school students participated in looping, students from looped classroom structures scored much higher than students from prior years without the looped structure on standardized tests in mathematics and writing.

2003, Lisa Lynn Snyder, An Investigation of Elementary Looping Practices and Outcomes in a Rural School District, page 54:

(education, ambitransitive) To have the teacher progress through multiple school years with the same students.


hot dog

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-hot dog.wav

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-hot dog!.wav

From hot + dog, in reference to the supposed source of the meat, both in the senses of the food item (sense 1, sense 2) and of a show-off (sense 3). First attested in 1884 in the Evansville (Indiana) Daily Courier.

Coordinate term: hamburger

(US, education, informal) Describing the shape of a rectangular piece of paper folded in half so that it forms a long rectangle.


major in

en-verb

major in (third-person singular simple present majors in, present participle majoring in, simple past and past participle majored in)

majors in (present singular third-person)
majoring in (participle present)
majored in (participle past)
majored in (past)

John majored in Computer Science, while Jane majored in Art.

(US, Canada, education) To take (something) as one's major field of study in an institute of tertiary education (such as a college or university).


TOR

(Philippines, education) Initialism of transcript of records, an official record of a student's or graduate's academic achievements at the college or university level, including all courses taken, grades earned, and credits.


legacy

From Middle English legacie, from Old French legacie and Medieval Latin lēgātia, from Latin lēgātum.

Because she was a legacy, her mother's sorority rushed her.

(education) The descendant of an alumnus, given preference in academic admissions.


ADT

en-noun

ADT (countable and uncountable, plural ADTs)

(astronomy education) Initialism of astronomy diagnostic test.


tutorial

/t͡ʃʉˈtoːɹɪ.əl/

The adjective is from tutor (noun) + -ial, ultimately from Latin tūtor (“watcher, protector, defender”). The noun is transferred from the adjective.

der

(education) A self-paced learning exercise; a lesson prepared so that a student can learn at their own speed or convenience.

(education) An interactive class taught by a tutor to students at university or college, individually or in small groups.


chancellor

chancellors (plural)
chanceler (alternative)
chanceller (alternative)
chancellour (alternative)
chancelor (alternative)
chancelour (alternative)
chaunceler (alternative)
chaunceller (alternative)
chauncellor (alternative)
chauncellour (alternative)
chauncelor (alternative)
chauncelour (alternative)

/ˈtʃɑːnsələ/

/ˈt͡ʃænsələ/

Angela Merkel
Frick Collection
Hans Holbein the Younger
Thomas More

From Anglo-Norman or Middle English chaunceler, chanceler, canceler (“chief administrative or executive officer of a ruler; chancellor, secretary; private secretary, scribe; Lord Chancellor of England; officer of the ruler's exchequer; a high administrative or executive officer (for example, a deputy or representative of a bishop; the head of a university)”), from Old French cancelier, chancelier (“chancellor”), from Late Latin cancellārius (“secretary; doorkeeper, porter; usher of a court of law stationed at the bars separating the public from the judges”), from Latin cancellī (plural of cancellus (“grate; bars, barrier; railings”), diminutive of cancer (“grid; barrier”), from Proto-Italic *karkros (“enclosure”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to bend, turn”)) + -ārius (suffix forming nouns denoting an agent of use).
The word was present as Late Old English canceler, cancheler, from Norman cancheler, but was displaced in the 13th century by the Old French and Anglo-Norman forms mentioned above.

refn

From the Frick Collection in New York City, New York, USA.

مُسْتَشَار

senior secretary or official with administrative or legal duties, sometimes in charge of some area of government

When the extremely arduous duties of the Prime Minister’s [Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury’s] political life are considered, it will be understood that, if the Chancellorship of the University entailed any serious amount of work, it would have been impossible for him to continue in the office. As a matter of fact, this is not the case. There are Chancellor’s Prizes which he gives, but he does not present them in person. There is a Chancellor’s Court to which University men may be summoned, but it is invariably presided over by the Vice-Chancellor, who is, in fact, the one really executive authority. Sometimes the Chancellor heads deputations to Court, and sometimes (but rarely) he comes to [the University of] Oxford to preside over some special function, when his weighty words are greatly valued.

1902, Frederick Douglas How, “The Marquis of Salisbury”, in Donald Macleod, editor, Good Words, London: Isbister and Company Limited […], →OCLC, section II (Oxford Days), pages 141–142:

(education) The head of a university, sometimes purely ceremonial.


open house

(US, education) A casual school event where the school invites parents or guardians to tour their child's school and meet the teachers.

vanhempaintilaisuus

(US) casual school event to which the school invites parents or guardians


articulation

en-noun

articulation (countable and uncountable, plural articulations)

From Middle English articulacioun, from Old French articulacion, from Medieval Latin articulatio. Equivalent to articulate + -ion.

The latter reason ranked first in Item 1 as the reason for liking high school this year, giving emphasis to the fact that differences in the new school level may be either a factor of articulation, depending somewhat on how well informed the student is about his new level.

1949, Wilfred Mason Landrus, Articulation Between the Elementary and Secondary School Levels, page 47:

A survey of college provisions for high school-college articulation cannot alone serve to describe the total effort that is being made or should be made in this direction.

1950, Committee on High School-College Relationships, High School-college Curriculum Articulation in Minnesota, page 18:

(education) The induction of a pupil into a new school or college.


immersion

immersion (countable and uncountable, plural immersions)

From late Middle English, borrowed from Late Latin immersiō, immersiōnem (“dipping”).

потапяне

the act of immersing or the condition of being immersed

Although numerous studies have reported the effectiveness of immersion programmes in developing relatively high levels of second language proficiency without any tradeoff of first language development or subject matter mastery, little is known of immersion education in Japan.

2001, Mary Goebel Noguchi, Sandra Fotos, Studies in Japanese Bilingualism, Multilingual Matters, →ISBN, page 272:

(education) A form of foreign-language teaching where the language is used intensively to teach other subjects to a student.


C

Dr. Cohen himself got a C in his first formal course in geography, during a summer program at Harvard after he graduated from high school. But he went on to earn three degrees and become the executive director of the Association of American Geographers and a leading expert in political and human geography — a specialty field that explores the impact of natural and arbitrary borders, territory, resources and populations on a nation’s cultural, social and economic development, as well as its relations with other countries.

2021 June 18, Sam Roberts, “Saul B. Cohen, Who Helped Raise CUNY Standards, Dies at 95”, in The New York Times, archived from the original on 2021-06-18:

(education) An academic grade better than a D and worse than a B.


D

From the position (4) of the letter D in the English alphabet.

(education, chiefly Canada, US) A grade awarded for a class, better than outright failure (which can be F or E depending on the institution) and worse than a C.


DSL

(UK, education) Initialism of designated safeguarding lead.


G

en-noun

G (countable and uncountable, plural Gs)

(UK, education) The academic grade that comes next below F.


K

Abbreviations.
# (Stenoscript) Abbreviation of counter, prefix counter-, sequence contr.

ng

prefix <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">counter-</i>, sequence contr.

"K-8" is Kindergarten through eighth grade.

(education, US) Abbreviation of kindergarten.


Lent

Shortened form of Lenten, from Old English lencten, from Proto-West Germanic *langatīn (“spring”), as in a season into which days lengthen as it progresses. Related to German Lenz and Dutch lente (“springtime”).

الصَّوْم الْأَرْبَعِينِيّ

Christian period of penitence before Easter


Trinity

(UK, Ireland, law, education) Ellipsis of Trinity term.


U

en-adj

U (not generally comparable, comparative Uer, superlative Uest)

An abbreviation of a word or term beginning with the letter U. Adjective sense 1 (“characteristic of the upper classes”) was coined by British linguist Alan S. C. Ross (1907–1980) in a 1954 article, and popularized by the English journalist and writer Nancy Mitford (1904–1973).

(not comparable, education, espionage) Usually in parentheses: abbreviation of unclassified.


CDT

en-noun

CDT (countable and uncountable, plural CDTs)

(UK, education, historical) Initialism of craft, design, and technology.


PETA

performance task
performance task#English

(Philippines, education) Initialism of performance task.


GED

He’d had the thought of getting his GED in the back of his mind for a while.

2019, Colson Whitehead, The Nickel Boys, Fleet, page 138:

General Educational Development
w:General Educational Development

(US, education) Initialism of General Educational Development.

(US, education) Initialism of general education degree/diploma.


FD

foundation degree
foundation degree#English

(education) Initialism of foundation degree.


SIS

information system
information system#English

(education) Initialism of student information system.


MCR

(education) Initialism of middle common room.


return demonstration

return demonstration (plural return demonstrations)

(education) An educational technique in which someone demonstrates what they have just been taught, or had demonstrated to them.


singleton

From single + -ton, probably following the model of simpleton.

(education) A class offered only once within a school year.


singleton

en-adj

singleton (comparative more singleton, superlative most singleton)

more singleton (comparative)
most singleton (superlative)

a singleton class

(education) Of a class offered only once within a school year.


LOTE

(education) Initialism of language(s) other than English.


diagnostic

diagnostic (comparative more diagnostic, superlative most diagnostic)

more diagnostic (comparative)
most diagnostic (superlative)
diagnostick (alternative)

From Ancient Greek διαγνωστικός (diagnōstikós), adjective from διαγιγνώσκειν (diagignṓskein, “to distinguish, diagnose”).

bor

διαγνωστικός

A diagnostic assessment

(education) Intended to assess a student's preexisting knowledge on the material being taught.


acroamatic

en-adj

acroamatic (comparative more acroamatic, superlative most acroamatic)

more acroamatic (comparative)
most acroamatic (superlative)
acroamatick (alternative obsolete)

Borrowed from Latin acroamaticus, acroaticus (“esoteric”), at first chiefly in reference to the “esoteric” and originally oral teachings of Aristotle, from Ancient Greek ἀκροαματικός (akroamatikós, “for hearing only; esoteric”), from ἀκροάομαι (akroáomai, “to listen”).

der

ἀκροαματικός

Coordinate term: erotematic

Up to that time the “acroamatic” method had been used in which the catechist gave a lecture, and the children were only listeners (ἀκροᾶσθαι).

1959, Josef Andreas Jungmann, Handing on the Faith: A Manual of Catechetics, page 28:

[Questions’] employment here does not mark a shift from the acroamatic (lecture-based) to the erotematic (interrogatory) method, for the answers are not known.

2015, Nils F. Schott, "A Mother to All" in Love and Forgiveness for a More Just World, p. 108, n. 45

(education) Based on lectures or exposition by monologue.


ACE

American Council on Education
w:en:American Council on Education

(US, education) Initialism of American Council on Education.


ESP

en-noun

ESP (countable and uncountable, plural ESPs)

(linguistics, education) Initialism of English for specific or special purposes.


CBA

CBA (countable and uncountable, plural CBAs)

classroom-based assessment
classroom-based assessment#English

(Ireland, education) Initialism of classroom-based assessment.


ISS

ISS (countable and uncountable, plural ISSes)

in-school suspension
in-school suspension#English

(education) Initialism of in-school suspension.


SBA

(education) Initialism of single best answer.


CMS

CMS (countable and uncountable, plural CMSes or CMSs)

(education) Initialism of career management skills.


MEd

(education) Initialism of Master of Education.