foot

en-noun

foot (plural feet or (UK colloquial, unit of measure) foot)

→ Assamese: ফুট (phut)

q

from <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">feet</i>

→ Japanese: フット (futto), フート (fūto); フィート (fīto) (from feet)

→ Russian: фут (fut)

Sranan Tongo: futu

Aukan: futu

Saramaccan: fútu

→ Swahili: futi

→ Thai: ฟุต (fút)

Tok Pisin: fut, put

→ Urdu: فٹ (fuṭ)

→ Phalura: fuṭ

From Middle English fot, fote, foot, from Old English fōt, from Proto-West Germanic *fōt, from Proto-Germanic *fōts, from Proto-Indo-European *pṓds. Doublet of pes, pie (“Spanish unit of length”), and pous.

doublet

not touch something with a ten-foot pole

you cannot put the same shoe on every foot

(malacology) The muscular part of a bivalve mollusc or a gastropod by which it moves or holds its position on a surface.


mentum

Learned borrowing from Latin mentum (“the chin”). Doublet of menton.

lbor

(malacology) A chin-like projection below the mouth of certain mollusks.


heterodont

/ˈhɛtəɹəʊdɒnt/

/ˈhɛtəɹəˌdɑnt/

From hetero- (prefix meaning ‘different’) + -odont (suffix meaning ‘tooth; toothed’). Hetero- is derived from Ancient Greek ἕτερος (héteros, “one or the other of two; different”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sem- (“together; one”); while -odont is from Ancient Greek ὀδούς (odoús, “tooth; tusk”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ed- (“to bite”) + *-ónts (suffix forming nouns denoting body parts). By surface analysis, hetero- + -odont.

der

The heterodont arrangement is characteristic of the Venus clams and cockles.

In this sense all hinges are Heterodont, and the distinction drawn by [Melchior] Neumayr between Heterodont and Desmodont teeth, so far as their situation is concerned, resolves itself into a comparison between teeth originally laterals and both in one valve, with paired laminæ in the opposite valve, on the one side; and teeth originally cardinals, or, if laterals, then laterals of which one was in one valve and one in the other, with the clasping laminæ also alternated.

1895 March, William Healey Dall, “The Hinge Teeth”, in Contributions to the Tertiary Fauna of Florida, with Especial Reference to the Miocene Silex-beds of Tampa and the Pliocene Beds of the Caloosahatchie River (Transactions of the Wagner Free Institute of Science of Philadelphia; 3, part III), part III (A New Classification of the Pelecypoda), Philadelphia, Pa.: Wagner Free Institute of Science, […], →OCLC, page 491:

I wish, however, at once to say, that a satisfactory solution will only be arrived at by actual observation of the development of the hinge of heterodont bivalves.

1899, Palaeontologica Indica: Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, volume I, Calcutta, West Bengal: Geological Survey of India, →OCLC, page 7:

The palaeoheterodonts are an extant, Ordovician–Recent, group characterised by heterodont to schizodont dentition. They are freshwater to marine. Palaeoheterodonts are exemplified by the heterodont modiomorphioid Modiolopsis, the freshwater unionoid Unio, and the schizodont trigonoids Trigonia, Myophorella and Neotrigonia.

2006, Robert Wynn Jones, “Principal Fossil Groups”, in Applied Palaeontology, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 124, column 2:

(malacology) Of bivalves or their hinge teeth: having two to three wedge-shaped cardinal teeth set in the centre near the umbones, generally also with elongated lateral teeth on the anterior and posterior margins.


heterodont

/ˈhɛtəɹəʊdɒnt/

/ˈhɛtəɹəˌdɑnt/

Ordovician actinodontoids are probably ancestral to the heterodonts, unionaceans, and trigoniaceans.

1971, Robert A[llen] Cadigan, “Moenkopi Formation and Related Strata”, in Robert A. Cadigan, J. H. Stewart, Petrology of the Triassic Moenkopi Formation and Related Strata in the Colorado Plateau Region: […] (Geological Survey Professional Paper; 692), Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office, →OCLC, page 30, column 2:

Finally, Carditoidea is basal not only to all other sampled heterodonts but also to Anomalodesmata. This is unexpected; although they appear to be relatively primitive heterodonts, they are mophologically similar to other heterodonts exclusive of anomalodesmatans. More molecular data for other primitive heterodonts are needed to test this result, especially Crassatelloidea and Lucinoidea.

2000, D. C. Campbell, “Molecular Evidence on the Evolution of the Bivalvia”, in E[lizabeth] M. Harper, J[ohn] D[avid] Taylor, J. A. Crame, editors, The Evolutionary Biology of the Bivalvia (Geological Society Special Publication; no. 177), London: Geological Society of London, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 44, column 1:

(zoology) A heterodont animal.
(malacology) A heterodont bivalve.

A heterodont animal.
A heterodont bivalve.


proboscis

en-noun

proboscis (plural proboscises or proboscides or probosces)

proboscises (plural)
proboscides (plural)
probosces (plural)

From Latin proboscis, from Ancient Greek προβοσκίς (proboskís, “elephant's trunk”) literally "means for taking food," from προ- (pro-, “before”) + βόσκω (bóskō, “to nourish, feed”), from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʷeh₃- from which also comes βοτάνη (botánē, “grass, fodder”).

affix

Unlike the proboscides of Lower brachyceran lineages, which are continuous with the head capsule and tend to dangle (Matsuda 1965), the proboscides of most cyclorrhaphan species are suspended by a membranous region and divided into three functional parts: the basiproboscis (rostrum), medioproboscis (haustellum), and distiproboscis (labellum), each of which is defined by internal muscles but also shares muscles with the other regions (Graham-Smith 1930; Lall and Davies 1971).

2012, Brian Wiegmann, The Evolutionary Biology of Flies, page 225:

(anatomy) An elongated tube from the head or connected to the mouth, of an animal.

(entomology, malacology) The tubular feeding and sucking organ of certain invertebrates like insects, worms and molluscs.


mantle

From Middle English mantel, from Old English mæntel, mentel (“sleeveless cloak”), from Proto-West Germanic *mantil; later reinforced by Anglo-Norman mantel, both from Latin mantēllum (“covering, cloak”), diminutive of mantum (French manteau, Spanish manto), probably from Gaulish *mantos, *mantalos (“trodden road”), from Proto-Celtic *mantos, *mantlos, from Proto-Indo-European *menH- (“tread, press together; crumble”). Compare Icelandic möttull. Doublet of manteau.

der

He grasps the female from slightly below about the mid-mantle region and positions himself so his arms are close to the opening of her mantle.

1990, Daniel L. Gilbert, William J. Adelman, John M. Arnold (editors), Squid as Experimental Animals, page 71

Molluscan bodies are broadly divided into two parts: a muscular foot and a shell-secreting mantle.

2017, Danna Staaf, Squid Empire, ForeEdge, →ISBN, page 8:

(malacology) The body wall of a mollusc, from which the shell is secreted.


turbo

From the New Latin name of the genus Turbo.


pallium

Borrowed from Latin pallium (“a cloak”). Doublet of pall.


velum

Borrowed from Latin vēlum (“a cloth, covering, awning, curtain, veil”). Doublet of veil.

bor

a thin membrane resembling a veil or curtain, such as:

(malacology) a locomotory and feeding organ provided with cilia found in the larval stage of bivalves


tegula

Borrowed from Latin tegula (“a tile”), from tegō (“to cover”). Doublet of tile.

(malacology) Any sea snail in the genus Tegula.


columella

en-noun

columella (plural columellas or columellae)

/ˌkɒləˈmɛlə/

(malacology) In gastropods, the structure that extends down the middle of the whorls of the shell.


periostracum

Literally "surrounding shell", from peri- + ostracum.

(malacology) The proteinaceous outer sheath of many molluscan shells.


ostracum

From New Latin ostracum, from Ancient Greek ὄστρακον (óstrakon, “pottery fragment; shell”).

der

(malacology) The middle layer of a molluscan shell.


evolute

(malacology) Having or being a (mollusc) spiral shell in which the whorls touch along a surface.


paucispiral

a paucispiral operculum or shell

(biology, malacology, conchology) Having few spirals or whorls.


trochoid

From Ancient Greek τροχοειδής (trokhoeidḗs), from τροχός (trokhós, “wheel”) + εἶδος (eîdos, “form, image”).

(malacology) An organism or fossil with a trochoid shell (especially one in the gastropod family Trochidae), or the shell itself.


trochoid

en-adj

trochoid (comparative more trochoid, superlative most trochoid)

more trochoid (comparative)
most trochoid (superlative)

(malacology, of a shell or fossil) High-spired; conical.


buchiid

Back-formation from Buchiidae, from the genus name Buchia.

The buchiids were certainly the most abundant bivalve group in the oceans of British Columbia during the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous.

1997, Rolf Ludvigsen, Life in Stone: A Natural History of British Columbia's Fossils, →ISBN, page 177:

(malacology, paleontology) A bivalve mollusc of the extinct family †Buchiidae.


byssal

the byssal threads

(malacology) Of or pertaining to the byssi, filaments secreted by certain bivalves


malleate

malleate (comparative more malleate, superlative most malleate)

more malleate (comparative)
most malleate (superlative)

From Latin malleātus, perfect passive participle of *malleō (“beat with a hammer”), related to malleus (“a hammer, mallet”).

The spire has stronger rib-striæ than C. bequaerti; last whorl finely and closely malleate, with several weak spiral threads.

1919, Henry Augustus Pilsbry, “A Review of the Land Mollusks of the Belgian Congo”, in Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, number 40, page 313:

(malacology, of a shell) Having a surface with shallow round indentations, resembling copper that has been hammered.

malleātus

(malacology) having a surface with shallow round indentations


phragmocone

This ability to continuously add new buoyancy chambers to their phragmocones allowed ancient cephalopods to reach truly stupendous sizes.

2017, Danna Staaf, Squid Empire, ForeEdge, →ISBN, page 37:

(malacology) The chambered portion of the shell of certain cephalopods, divided by septa into camerae.


trochus

From New Latin Trochus, from Ancient Greek τροχός (trokhós, “wheel”).

(malacology) Any member of the genus Trochus, or more generally of the family Trochidae; in non-specialist usage, including species formerly classified in that family, particularly Tectus niloticus.


fasciculate

(malacology, of ribs on a shell) Branching, with many lines extending from one point, as in a few Choicensisphinctes ammonites.


spheroconic

(malacology, of a shell or fossil) Having a coiled shell approaching a sphere in shape.


advolute

[...] of the same whorl, measured in a line parallel to the plane of bilateral symmetry; in a gyroconic or advolute shell, the most dorsal point most [...]

2013, Neil H. Landman, Kazushige Tanabe, Richard Arnold Davis, Ammonoid Paleobiology, Springer Science & Business Media, →ISBN, page 842:

(malacology) Having or being a (mollusc) spiral shell in which the whorls touch along a line (but do not overlap).


melanian

(malacology, obsolete) One of a family of freshwater pectinibranchiate mollusks with a turret-shaped shell (Melaniidae), which is now considered a synonym for the family Thiaridae, but also containing many species since reclassified into other families.


bubble shell

Any of the headshield slugs of genus Bulla, belonging to the order Cephalaspidea of gastropods.

(malacology) A marine univalve shell of the genus Bulla (Bullidae) and certain shells of similar appearance of the now disused order Tectibranchiata of molluscs.


ark shell

(malacology) Any of the family Arcidae of saltwater clams or marine bivalve molluscs.

tūroro

any of the family Arcidae of saltwater clams


achatinid

(malacology) Any member of the Achatinidae.


acmaeid

(malacology) Any gastropod in the family Acmaeidae.


agriolimacid

(malacology) Any member of the family Agriolimacidae.


akerid

(malacology) Any sea snail in the family Akeridae.


achatinellid

(malacology) Any member of the family Achatinellidae of gastropods.


goniodoridid

(malacology) Any sea slug in the family Goniodorididae.


prorsiradiate

Ultimately from Latin prōrsus + radiate.

They are rursiradiate on the middle of the flank and become prorsiradiate towards the venter.

2016 January 14, “Paleobiology of the Latest Tithonian (Late Jurassic) Ammonite Salinites grossicostatum Inferred from Internal and External Shell Parameters”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(malacology, of the ribs of a cephalopod shell) Inclined forward.


rursiradiate

(malacology, of the ribs of a cephalopod shell) Inclined backward.


epiphallus

In mature Arion the atrium is divided into upper and lower atria, with the oviduct, spermatheca duct and epiphallus opening into the upper atrium.

2012, A. South, Terrestrial Slugs: Biology, ecology and control, page 110:

(malacology) In some gastropods, an enlargement of the vas deferens that continues beyond the apex of the penis.


orthocone

(malacology) A long straight shell of a nautiloid cephalopod.


cyrtocone

Coordinate term: cyrtoceracone

(malacology) A curved (cyrtoconic) form of the young shell that succeeds the more primitive orthocone in nautiloid cephalopods.


oxycone

The quickest and nimblest were probably the oxycones, throwing themselves through the water like discuses.

2017, Danna Staaf, Squid Empire, ForeEdge, →ISBN, page 87:

(paleontology, malacology) A type of ammonoid with a slim, disk-shaped (oxyconic) shell.


cyrtoconic

(malacology) Having or being a (mollusc) shell which is conical (wider on the open end) and curved, but not enough to complete a whorl.


gyroconic

(malacology) Having or being a (mollusc) spiral shell which is conic (wider on the open end) and in which the whorls do not touch.


orthoconic

(malacology) Having or being a (mollusc) shell which is conical and straight (not curved or spiraled).


gyrocone

(malacology) (An organism with) a gyroconic shell.


crioconic

Very open crioconic whorls, which gradually pass into a long straight shaft.

1997, Nico M. M. Janssen, Mikhail Vladimirovich Kakabadze, Ph. J. Hoedemaeker, Mediterranean Neocomian belemnites:

Hoplocriocone - crioconic early whorls. The last whorl bends away from crioconic spiral and (without becoming straight) is gradually bent like a hook.

1988, Jost Wiedmann, Jürgen Kullmann, Cephalopods Present and Past: O.H. Schindewolf Symposium, Tübingen 1985:

(malacology) Having the shape of a ram's horn.


serpenticonic

(malacology, of a shell or fossil) Having numerous linked coils, in a spiral that is larger as it grows further from the center.


criocone

From Ancient Greek κρῑός (krīós, “ram”) + cone.

Small planospiral criocones with partially coiled whorls (microconchs) or completely uncoiled (macroconchs). Whorl-section hexagonal, rounded up to round. The protoconch and the first whorl unknown, but [...]

2002, K. Histon, Albert Daurer, Cephalopods, present and past:

(malacology) An organism or fossil with a crioconic shell, or such a shell itself.


criocone

[...] disturbance to such a form might produce rapid acceleration in two ways — in shape, from serpenticone to criocone, in ornament, from tuberculate to costate, that is, costate post-tuberculate.

1927, Sydney Savory Buckman, Martin Simpson, George Young, Type Ammonites:


serpenticone

All or most were pelagic, ranging from planktic serpenticones and spherocones to mobile discocones and oxycones.

2013, Neil H. Landman, Kazushige Tanabe, Richard Arnold Davis, Ammonoid Paleobiology, Springer Science & Business Media, →ISBN, page 632:

(malacology) An organism or fossil with a serpenticonic shell, or the shell itself.


serpenticone

Coiling is serpenticone or heteromorph, sculpture is of ribbing (almost invariably simple), with external tuberculation in Choristoceratidae. Generally criocone although much of the phragmocone may be serpenticone.


oxyconic

oxyconic (comparative more oxyconic, superlative most oxyconic)

more oxyconic (comparative)
most oxyconic (superlative)

(malacology, of a shell or fossil) Having a flattened crossection, the halves joining at an acute angle.


turriconic

turriconic (comparative more turriconic, superlative most turriconic)

more turriconic (comparative)
most turriconic (superlative)

(malacology, of a shell or fossil) Having coils that spiral to a point.


baculiconic

baculiconic (comparative more baculiconic, superlative most baculiconic)

more baculiconic (comparative)
most baculiconic (superlative)

(malacology, of a shell or fossil) Having a long, relatively straight tapering shell, possibly with one or two coils at the narrow end.


baculicone

(malacology) An organism or fossil with a baculiconic shell, or the shell itself.


platyconic

platyconic (comparative more platyconic, superlative most platyconic)

more platyconic (comparative)
most platyconic (superlative)

(malacology, of a shell or fossil) Having a flattened cross-section from its side.


turricone

(malacology) An organism or fossil with a turriconic shell, or the shell itself.


discocone

(malacology) An organism or fossil with a discoconic shell, or the shell itself.


spherocone

(malacology) An organism or fossil with a spheroconic shell, or the shell itself.


toxocone

(malacology) An organism or fossil with a toxoconic shell, or the shell itself.


platycone

(malacology) An organism or fossil with a platyconic shell, or the shell itself.


discoconic

(malacology) Having an extremely narrow conch shape (between 0 and 30% of the diameter) with umbilical width index between 20 and 30%.


toxoconic

toxoconic (comparative more toxoconic, superlative most toxoconic)

more toxoconic (comparative)
most toxoconic (superlative)

(malacology, of a shell or fossil) Having a coiled shell of very open form.


breviconic

(malacology) Relating to, or composed of, brevicones.


brevicone

Coordinate term: longicone

(malacology) A short, blunt or squat, conic shell, as of some Paleozoic cephalopod fossils.


proconcave

2016, Sreepat Jain, Fundamentals of Invertebrate Palaeontology: Macrofossils, pages 66–67:

(malacology) In reference to ribs on shells, with the shape of a concave bend towards the aperture, but initially straight.


falcoid

Falcoid: The ribs form a clear wave with no or a weak wave through

(malacology) In reference to ribs on shells, in the shape of a wave but initially straight, spoon shaped.


pseudocardinal

Right valve with three pseudocardinal teeth, the front one being strongest, high and triangular, the second low and longer, the posterior one indistinctly differentiated from the hinge plate.

1922, WB Marshall, “New pearly fresh water mussels from South America”, in Proceedings of the US National Museum, volume 61, number 2437:

True clams are said to have "cardinal" teeth, so named because of their proximity to the heart (the Greek kardia means "heart"); freshwater mussel pseudocardinals are not so positioned.

1997, SM Martin, “Freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionoida) of Maine”, in Northeastern Naturalist:

(malacology) A type of tooth found on the shells of some bivalve molluscs.


lirula

From Latin lirula, from lira (“ridge of soil between furrows”) + -ulus (“diminutive suffix”).

314. Seila assimilata C. B. Adams.
Plate IV, Fig. 8
Cerithiopsis assimilata C. B. Ad., […] Shell small, thin, turreted; nuclear whorls sinistral; whorls ten, ornamented with three prominent, sharp, equal, equidistant, raised spiral lines; interspaces between ridges crossed by numerous fine lirulas; suture indistinct; […]

1903, Ralph Arnold, The Paleontology and Stratigraphy of the Marine Pliocene and Pleistocene of San Pedro, California, page 290:

(malacology) A fine raised line on a mollusk shell.


teuthology

From Ancient Greek τευθίς (teuthís, “squid”) + -λογία (-logía, “-logy”).

The region concerned is faunally a very rich one, but as its teuthology has been hitherto practically unknown, the fact that a number of its most common and characteristic species are undescribed need be in no way surprising.

1909, Pamphlets on Biology: Kofoid collection, Volume 2639, page 89:

Students of Teuthology today are fortunate to have a wealth of excellent references published in the past decade.

1992, Journal of the Malacological Society of Australia, volumes 13-14, Malacological Society of Australia, page 72:

(malacology) The branch of malacology dealing with cephalopods.

teuthologie

Branch of zoology dealing with cephalopods


sinulus

(malacology) A concave part of the outer lip of a gastropod.


subscalar

(malacology) Having some, but not all of the properties of scales.


niku-nuki

From Japanese 肉抜き (niku-nuki, literally “flesh removal”), introduced to English by Fukuda, Haga, and Tatara in 2007.

bor

(malacology) A method of preserving both the shell and the body intact, by using hot water on a live specimen to separate the two.


bobtail trophon

en-noun

bobtail trophon (plural bobtail trophons)

(malacology) Boreotrophon truncatus, a species of rocksnail.


longiconic

(malacology) Relating to, having the form of, or composed of, longicone(s).


rectiradiate

(malacology, of the ribs of a cephalopod shell) Straight (not inclined forward or backward).


nautiliconic

(malacology) Relating to, having the form of, or composed of, nautilicone(s).


torticonic

(malacology) Relating to, composed of, or having the form of a torticone; having the form of a conical corkscrew.


nautilicone

(malacology) A shell having the form of a coiled spiral (in which the whorls impress each other) like a nautilus.


torticone

(malacology) A shell (as of a snail, cephalopod, etc) having the form of a conical corkscrew, a twisted cone.


longicone

Coordinate term: brevicone

(malacology) A long, thin, conic shell, as of some Paleozoic cephalopods.


tarphyceraconic

(malacology) Relating to, composed of, or having the form of a tarphyceracone.


ellipticonic

(malacology) Relating to, composed of, or having the form of an ellipticone.


ellipticone

(malacology) A shell which has an elliptical (oval or egg-shaped, rather than e.g. spherical) shape.


orthoceraconic

(malacology) Relating to, composed of, or having the form of an orthoceracone.


cyrtoceraconic

(malacology) Relating to, composed of, or having the form of an cyrtoceracone.


orthoceracone

(malacology) A shell which has a straight cone shape.


bactriticone

(malacology) A shell which has a straight cone shape, like certain primitive Ammonoidea.


bactriticonic

(malacology) Relating to, composed of, or having the form of a bactriticone.


phragmoconic

It is entirely phragmoconic. The ribs are straight rectiradiate and branch at the ventral shoulder to give rise to two to three secondary ribs . As the venter is somewhat eroded little detail is visible there .

Occasionally triplicate ribs are also seen at the phragmoconic stage. Biplicate with intercalation can also be seen. The body chamber shows regular trifurcation. The overall ornamentation is prorsiradiate which shows appreciable[…]

2006, Dr. Surendra Prasad, Ammonite Biostragigraphy of Middle to Late Jurassic Rocks of Jaisalmer Basin, Rajasthan, India:

(malacology) Relating to, or composed of, phragmocone(s).


lituiticonic

Conch lituiticonic, with relatively large, compressed, loosely coiled adapical spiral, and a rather rapidly expanding, somewhat compressed uncoiled segment, which has a sigmoidal ventral outline in its adapical portion.

Lituiticonic uncoiling of nautiloid conchs foreshadows much more extensive development of a similar trend among some Cretaceous ammonoids. It was formerly thought that most of the foregoing stages constituted an evolutionary series[…]

1960, William Heyden Easton, Invertebrate Paleontology:

It has a rich macrofauna with Brachiopods, Gastropods, Nautiloids (orthoceraconic, cyrthoceraconic and lituiticonic) and Trilobites. The processed sample RG 68 comes from a point located on the right bank of the Guandacol River[…]

1973, Academia Nacional de Ciencias (Córdoba, Argentina), Boletin de la Academia Nacional de Ciencias:

(malacology) Relating to, having the form of, or composed of, lituiticone(s).


ectocochlear

These may be very elongate (longicone) or short and rather swollen (brevicone). It has been generally assumed that all fossil cephalopods with straight or curved shells were ectocochlear, i.e. that the shell was wholly external to the body.

2013 July 23, E. N. K. Clarkson, Invertebrate Palaeontology and Evolution, John Wiley & Sons, →ISBN:

Such markings would be apparent only if they were external; this is regarded as good evidence that in such taxa the conch was ectocochlear. Additional evidence is given by cells encrusted with oriented patterns of epizoans that attached[…]

2019 June 4, Ronald Singer, Encyclopedia of Paleontology, Routledge, →ISBN:

(malacology, rare) Having the shell external to the body.


lituiticone

From or related to the genus name Lituites.

An endogastric cyrtocone, the basal part sectioned showing the position of the siphuncle P.
A lituiticone. All side views, except M, have the shell oriented with the venter to the left a a earlier whorls.

1964, New Mexico. Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources, Memoir:

Description A nautiloid with a shell only partially coiled in a flat spiral (lituiticone) : the coiling appears in the first whorls, which may be only slightly touching, and the shell subsequently develops in a straight line[…]

1986, Paolo Arduini, Giorgio Teruzzi, Simon & Schuster's Guide to Fossils, Simon & Schuster:

[…] The shells are slender orthocones or rapidly expanding lituiticones, either weakly cyrtoconic or with the apical part spirally[…]

2020 March 10, Winston Frank Ponder, David R. Lindberg, Juliet Mary Ponder, Biology and Evolution of the Mollusca, Volume 2, CRC Press, →ISBN:

(malacology) A conch or shell which completes few whorls in the beginning, and thereafter becomes a straight cone.


tarphyceracone

For quotations using this term, see Citations:tarphyceracone.

(malacology) A shell or conch in which the whorls or volutions are in contact (but are not deeply involute).


cyrtoceracone

From cyrto- + (from κυρτός (kurtós)) + κέρας (kéras, “horn”) + cone?

Coordinate term: cyrtocone

(malacology) A shell which has a curved cone shape.


euopisthobranch

Clipping of translingual Euopisthobranchia

clipping

translingual <i class="Latn mention" lang="mul">Euopisthobranchia</i>

(malacology) Any gastropod in the clade Euopisthobranchia


philinoid

(malacology) Any member of the superfamily Philinoidea of sea slugs.


clausilid

(malacology) Any member of the Clausiliidae family of terrestrial snails.


acteonoid

(malacology) Any member of the Acteonoidea superfamily of snails.


planorboid

en-adj

planorboid (comparative more planorboid, superlative most planorboid)

more planorboid (comparative)
most planorboid (superlative)


bathyteuthoid

(malacology) Any member of the Bathyteuthoidea superfamily of squid.


phloladid

(malacology) Any member of the Pholadidae family of bivalves.


suborthochoanitic

From sub- + orthochoanitic.
Invented by R. H. Flower in 1946. "Ordovician cephalopods of the Cincinnati region". Bull. Amer. Paleontology, vol. 29, no. 116

(malacology) (of nautiloids) Slightly recurved short septal necks, between orthochoanitic and cyrtochoanitic.


actinoceroid

(malacology) Any member of the Actinoceroidea superfamily of cephalopods.


vampyromorphid

(malacology) Any member of the Vampyromorphida order of cephalopods.


pseudorthocerid

(malacology) Any member of the Pseudorthocerida order of cephalopods


argonautoid

(malacology) Any member of the Argonautoidea superfamily of cephalopods.


planorbicone

Perhaps from plano- + bicone, with an r in between. Compare Planorbis (Planorbis).

(malacology) An organism or fossil with a planorbiconic shell, or the shell itself.


planorbiconic

planorbiconic (comparative more planorbiconic, superlative most planorbiconic)

more planorbiconic (comparative)
most planorbiconic (superlative)

For quotations using this term, see Citations:planorbiconic.

(malacology, of a shell or fossil) Having a relatively flat spiral shell (intermediate between serpenticonic and spheroconic) in which the whorls touch (evolute to involute) and get larger as they get further from the center, causing the shell to have the profile of a mushroom when viewed from the side, without being so wide or involute that it is cadiconic.


ancylocone

(malacology) An organism or fossil with an ancyloconic shell, or the shell itself.


scaphitocone

(malacology) An organism or fossil with a scaphitoconic shell (especially one in the heteromorph ammonite genus Scaphites), or the shell itself.


ancyloconic

(malacology, of a shell or fossil) Having a shell which is initially a spiral, but then (like a hamitoconic shell) extends in a long straight section, curves, and extends again, as some Ancyloceratina do.


scaphitoconic

(malacology, of a shell or fossil) Having an ancyloconic shell with an involute phragmocone and a hooked body chamber, like Scaphites.


hamitoconic

Juveniles had virtually all possible types of coiling of their shells, ranging from regular planispiral and orthoconic to torticonic, hamitoconic and gyroconic.

2014, AI Arkhipkin, “Getting hooked: the role of a U-shaped body chamber in the shell of adult heteromorph ammonites”, in Journal of Molluscan Studies:

... hamitoconic, orthoconic, scaphitoconic, torticonic and vermiconic.

2015 July 22, Christian Klug, Dieter Korn, Kenneth De Baets, Isabelle Kruta, Royal H. Mapes, Ammonoid Paleobiology: From anatomy to ecology, Springer, →ISBN, page 4:

... hamitoconic heteromorphs grew shell forms that started out orthoconic but then underwent a sharp 180-degree turn such that the next growth stage of the animal was straight, but parallel to the original orthoconic section and growing in[…]

2019 October 15, George R. McGhee, Jr., Convergent Evolution on Earth: Lessons for the Search for Extraterrestrial Life, MIT Press, →ISBN, page 149:

(malacology, of a shell or fossil) Having a shell which has two or more straight shafts, like some heteromorph ammonites such as Polyptychoceras.


hamitocone

In scaphitocones, the `pendulum effect' created by this separation was not as highly pronounced as in true ancylocones and hamitocones with open whorls throughout […]

1998, CJ Tsujita, GEG Westermann, “Ammonoid habitats and habits in the Western Interior Seaway: a case study from the Upper Cretaceous Bearpaw Formation of southern Alberta, Canada”, in Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology …:

Lytoceras and certain heteromorphs (eg, ancylocones, hamitocones) are the most appropriate for modeling because they exhibit the relevant features but are not overly complicated […]

2002, MA Hassan, GEG Westermann, RA Hewitt et al., "Finite-element analysis of simulated ammonoid septa (extinct Cephalopoda): septal and sutural complexities do not reduce strength"

2005, S. Reboulet, F. Giraud, O. Proux, "Ammonoid abundance variations related to changes in trophic conditions across the Oceanic Anoxic Event 1d (Latest Albian, SE France)", Palaios
[…] the shell would be easier in orthocones and torticones, which were oriented vertically in life with an aperture towards the bottom, than for scaphitocones, ancylocones, and hamitocones, […]

This pattern suggests that hamitocones were exposed to extensive post-mortem drift. […] Contrary to the lytoceratids and kossmaticeratids, hamitocones are characterized by a more […]

2018, E. B. Olivero, M. E. Raffi, “Onshore-offshore trends in Campanian ammonite facies from the Marambio group, Antarctica: implications for ammonite habitats”, in Cretaceous Research:

(malacology) An organism or fossil with a hamitoconic shell, or the shell itself.


elliptospheroconic

(malacology, of a shell or fossil) Having a more ovular rather than spherical spheroconic shell.


elliptospherocone

(malacology) An organism or fossil with an elliptospheroconic shell, or the shell itself.


polyschizotomous

(paleontology, malacology) Furcating at many points.


dischizotomous

(paleontology, malacology) Furcating from two points.


monoschizotomous

... (one of which was inked in by Buckman and shows in his photograph, giving an erroneous impression of quadrifurcation). The furcation is monoschizotomous and very regular.

Monoschizotomous, i.e. ribs bifurcating from one point. The following are distinguished according to the differentiation of the sutural lobe : (a) Stephanoceratidae with a suspensive ('hanging') sutural lobe; (b)[…]

1983 June 2, Ulrich Lehmann, G. Hillmer, Fossil Invertebrates, Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 164:

(paleontology, malacology) Furcating from a single point.


vermiconic

([…] 'vermiconic heteromorphs) were vertical migrants in deep water, including the oceans, where some fed on mesopelagic organisms including sluggish juvenile ammonites, and others caught zooplankton in tentacles modified into umbrella-nets[…]

2013 November 21, Neil H. Landman, Kazushige Tanabe, Richard Arnold Davis, Ammonoid Paleobiology, Springer Science & Business Media, →ISBN, page 677:

Another three-dimensional heteromorphic growth form—the vermiconic—is highly asymmetrical, resembling a shell that started out torticonic, then uncoiled in a series of irregular loops and bends. The vermiconic ammonoids were drifters, and the torticonic ammonoids were mobile plankton[…]

(malacology, of a shell or fossil) Having a shell which is highly asymmetrical in three dimensions, with segments curving at irregular angles like a wriggling worm (see image).


virgatotome

[...] gyrate furcation, and often a tendency to become fasciculate or virgatotome; secondary ribs obsolescent in some [...] polygyrate ribs and intercalatory secondaries. Microconchs 100-112 mm. in diameter with following rib densities[…]

1967, J. C. W. Cope, The Palaeontology and Stratigraphy of the Lower Part of the Upper Kimmeridge Clay of Dorset:

... polygyrate or bidichotomous to fasciculate (rarely virgatotome) ribs, more loosely spaced and coarser. External whorls of macroconch forms with dichotomous to polygyrate ribs[…]

(malacology, of the ribs on a shell) Having multiple secondary ribs which branch off successively in front of each primary rib (resulting in a shape like ᚠ), like the ribs of Zaraiskites ammonites.


polygyrate

[...] polygyrate diagonally cancellated protoconch, but in that genus the adult whorls are pagodiform, strongly keeled[…] polygyrate to paucispiral and almost smooth, and the reversed L-sinus is sometimes rendered U-shaped to subtubular, when restricted above by a parietal tubercle. The Daphnellids are very numerous in both genera and species[…]

1953, Auckland Institute and Museum, Bulletin of the Auckland Institute and Museum:

(malacology) Multiply gyrate, like the protoconches of various Gemmula ammonites. ?


diversipartite

(especially malacology, of ribs on a shell) Multiply but irregularly partite: furcating multiple times but not all from the same or symmetrical points.


brevidomic

(malacology) Having body chamber lengths of approximately half a whorl.


mesodomic

(malacology) Having body chamber lengths of approximately three-fourths of a whorl.


longidomic

(malacology) Having body chamber lengths of one whorl or more.


cold-aridiphilous

(malacology) Liking cold and arid conditions.