abeam

en-adv

abeam (comparative more abeam, superlative most abeam)

more abeam (comparative)
most abeam (superlative)

From a- (“in the direction of”) + beam (“keel”).

prefix

We were heading S.S.W., and had a steady breeze abeam and a quiet sea.

1881–1882, Robert Louis Stevenson, “'”, in Treasure Island, London; Paris: Cassell & Company, published 14 November 1883, →OCLC, part II (The Sea Cook), page 83:

[…] waves striking the ship abeam pushed her always south of their new course, and rolled her, and filled her with water so that bailing must be ceaseless […]

1968, Ursula K. LeGuin, chapter 2, in A Wizard of Earthsea, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, published 2012, page 36:

The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles

Oxford University Press
w:Oxford University Press

(nautical, aircraft) On the beam; at a right angle to the centerline or keel of a vessel or aircraft; being at a bearing approximately 090 Degrees or 270 Degrees relative.

otstrani, perpendikuljarno na kila na koraba

отстрани, перпендикулярно на кила на кораба

(nautical, aircraft) Alongside or abreast; opposite the center of the side of the ship or aircraft.


abeam

The island was directly abeam of us.

The sound shifted its place markedly, but without coming nearer. It even grew a little more distant right abeam of the lighter, and then ceased again.

1904, Joseph Conrad, chapter 8, in Nostromo, New York: Harper, page 311:

The attack on the abeam ship, Louisville, killed Commander Cruiser Division Four […]

2005, William Thomas Generous, Sweet Pea at War: A History of USS Portland, →ISBN, page 178:


abeam

She came abeam the crippled ship.


able-bodied

en-adj

able-bodied (comparative more able-bodied, superlative most able-bodied)

more able-bodied (comparative)
most able-bodied (superlative)

(nautical) Capable of performing all requisite duties as a seaman, specifically in the Royal Navy, a rating between leading and ordinary.


ablative

From Middle English ablative, ablatife, ablatyf, ablatif, from Old French ablatif (“the ablative case”), from Latin ablātīvus (“expressing removal”), from ablātus (“taken away”), from auferō (“I take away”). The engineering/nautical sense originates from ablate + -ive.

der

The inner layer of warship protection consists of ablative armor plate designed to "boil away" when heated. The vaporized armor material scatters a DEW beam, rendering it ineffectual.

2008, BioWare, Mass Effect, Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →ISBN, →OCLC, PC, scene: Weapons: Ablative Armor Codex entry:

(engineering, nautical, astronautics) Sacrificial, wearing away or being destroyed in order to protect the underlying material, as in ablative paints used for antifouling, or ablative heat shields used to protect spacecraft during reentry. .


abovedeck

en-adv

abovedeck (comparative more abovedeck, superlative most abovedeck)

more abovedeck (comparative)
most abovedeck (superlative)

Dress warmly so that you can stay abovedeck in the fresh air.

1983, Steven K. Katona, Valerie Rough, David T. Richardson, A Field Guide to the Whales, Porpoises, and Seals of the Gulf of Maine and Eastern Canada, page 20:

Abovedeck the air had been black with wind.

2004, Courtney Angela Brkic, Stillness: And Other Stories:

I wondered, sir, if you might like to accompany me abovedeck for some fresh air.

2010, Cheryl Cooper, Come Looking for Me:


abovedeck

These heating elements allow the gun mount to continue to operate when the abovedeck temperature is as low as 40° C.

1997, Jim Bomar, Gunner's Mate, page 5-44:

The ship's rocking seemed less noticeable below the water's surface, so the first mate recommended that everyone come out of the abovedeck cabins and staterooms to weather the storm in the lower ballrooms.

2016, Nessi Monstrata, Lagoona Blue and the Big Sea Scarecation:

She was easily two hundred fifty feet long, with her dark, forbidding abovedeck casement taking up some two-thirds of that length.


aboard

From Middle English abord, from a- (“on”) + bord (“board, side of a ship”); equivalent to a- + board.

The ships came close aboard to pass messages.

The captain laid his ship aboard the enemy's ship.


abreast

From Middle English abrest. By surface analysis, a- (“on, at”) + breast, meaning “breasts (chests) in line, side-by-side and exactly equally advanced”; roughly “breast-by-breast”.

surf

(nautical) Side by side; also, opposite; on a line with the vessel's beam.

kyljittäin

nautical: side by side; also, opposite; over against; on a line with the vessel's beam


abreast

(nautical) Side by side; also, opposite; over against; on a line with the vessel's beam.


abaft

From Middle English obaft, baft, baften, from Old English beæftan; be (“by”) (modern English by) + æftan (“behind”) (modern English after). See also aft.

The captain stood abaft the wheelhouse.

[…] two drunken Turkes, that were in the Frigot with twelue others, discharged two Calieuers, with which they killed two Souldiours, that stood abaft our Gally.

1620, Miguel de Cervantes, chapter 63, in Thomas Shelton, transl., The Second Part of the History of the Valorous and Witty Knight-Errant, Don Quixote of the Mancha, London: Edward Blount, page 432:

1773, James Cook, An Account of a Voyage Around the World, Book 3, Chapter 5, in John Hawkesworth (ed.), An Account of the Voyages Undertaken by the Order of His Present Majesty: for Making Discoveries in the Southern Hemisphere, London: W. Strahan and T. Cadell, Volume 3, p. 558,
[…] we could hear the water rush in a little abaft the foremast, about three feet from the keel: this determined me to clear the hold intirely.

“[…] Read the sign up there—NO SMOKING ABAFT THE WHEEL!”

1869, Mark Twain, chapter 3, in The Innocents Abroad, Hartford: The American Publishing Company, page 35:

The bulkhead that separates ladies’ country from the rough characters who shave is not necessarily No. 30 but, by tradition, it is called “bulkhead thirty” in any mixed ship. […] Male officers had a lounge called the cardroom just abaft thirty.

1959, Robert A. Heinlein, chapter 13, in Starship Troopers, New York: Ace, published 2010, page 260:

(nautical) Behind; toward the stern relative to some other object or position; aft of.

خَلْف

(nautical) behind; toward the stern relative to some other object or position; aft of


abaft

en-adv

abaft (comparative more abaft, superlative most abaft)

more abaft (comparative)
most abaft (superlative)

We drifted with the wind abaft.

The mate sleeps abaft.

The Exchange also being farther from the fire, afterward was more easily cleared, and fell off from abaft.

1599, Nicholas Downton, “The firing and sinking of the stout and warrelike Carack called Las Cinque Llaguas”, in Richard Hakluyt, editor, The Principal Navigations, Voyages, Traffiques and Discoveries of the English Nation, London, Volume 2, Part 2, p. 200:

By clapping the sails to the mast, and lightening the ship abaft, we swayed her off with little damage.

1785, John Rickman, Journal of Captain Cook’s Last Voyage, London: E. Newbery, Part 1, p. 103:

Stubb was struck by a shower of outcries and anathemas proceeding from the Captain’s round-house abaft;

1851 November 14, Herman Melville, “'”, in Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers; London: Richard Bentley, →OCLC, page 452:

We cover our anterior nakedness with some philosophy—Christian, Marxian, Freudo-Physicalist—but abaft we remain uncovered, at the mercy of the winds of circumstance.

1954, Aldous Huxley, The Doors of Perception, New York: Perennial, published 1970, page 72:

(nautical) On the aft side; in the stern.


LDP

(US, automotive) Initialism of limited driving privilege.


aback

From Middle English abak, from Old English onbæc, equivalent to a- (“towards”) + back. Compare West Frisian tebek (“aback”, adverb, literally “to/at back”), Swedish tillbaka (idem.).

cog

Q. Was not the Trident at that time aback with one or more Top-sails? A. To the best of my Knowledge she had both Top-sails aback.

1757, Charles Fearne, The Trial of the Honourable Admiral John Byng, at a Court Martial, London: Manby, et al, page 89:

As the anchor fetches her up, she will swing head to wind, bringing the head sails aback.

1841, Benjamin J. Totten, Naval Text-book, Boston: Little & Brown, page 144:

Then the sails on the mainmast were backing and we started getting stern way. Eagle was caught aback.

2001, Russell Drumm, The Barque of Saviors, Houghton Mifflin, page 91:

(nautical) Backward against the mast; said of the sails when pressed by the wind from the "wrong" (forward) side, or of a ship when its sails are set that way.


pseudo

From Middle English, derived from prefix pseudo-, itself derived from Ancient Greek ψευδής (pseudḗs, “false, lying”).

der

(travel industry, informal) pseudo-city code


able

en-adj

able (comparative abler, superlative ablest)

abler (comparative)
ablest (superlative)

From Middle English able, from Old Northern French able, variant of Old French abile, habile, from Latin habilis (“easily managed, held, or handled; apt; skillful”), from habeō (“have, possess”) + -ibilis.
Broadly ousted the native Old English magan.

der

(nautical) Capable of performing all the requisite duties; as an able seaman.


DOD

(automotive) Initialism of displacement-on-demand (a type of engine that can shut down cylinders when not needed).


craft

en-noun

craft (countable and uncountable, plural craft or crafts)

From Middle English craft (“strength, skill”), from Old English cræft (“strength, skill”), from Proto-West Germanic *kraftu, from Proto-Germanic *kraftuz (“strength, power”); further origin obscure.
Cognate with German Kraft (“strength, power, force, energy, employee”).

johtamistaito

skill in making plans and carrying them into execution

Quite near could also be seen several ancient wooden warships, and always a variety of craft slipping up and down the tideway.

1951 October, R. S. McNaught, “Lines of Approach”, in Railway Magazine, page 705:

(countable, plural craft) A vehicle designed for navigation in or on water or air or through outer space .

(nautical) Boats, especially of smaller size than ships. Historically primarily applied to vessels engaged in loading or unloading of other vessels, as lighters, hoys, and barges.

veneet

nautical: boats, especially of smaller size than ships

(nautical, British Royal Navy) Those vessels attendant on a fleet, such as cutters, schooners, and gun-boats, generally commanded by lieutenants.


hamper

From Middle English hamperen, hampren (“to hamper, oppress”), probably of the same origin as English hamble (“to limp”), Scots hamp (“to halt in walking, stutter”), Dutch haperen (“to falter, hesitate”), German hemmen (“to stop, hinder, check”). More at hamble.

top-hamper

unnecessary spars and rigging kept aloft

One afternoon there was a mighty queer noise aloft, which set the men running in every direction. It was the main-t'-gallant-mast. Crash! it broke off just above the cap, and held there by the rigging, dashed with every roll from side to side, with all the hamper that belonged to it.

1847 March 30, Herman Melville, Omoo: A Narrative of Adventures in the South Seas; […], London: John Murray, […], →OCLC:

(nautical) Articles ordinarily indispensable, but in the way at certain times.

waarloos

articles ordinarily indispensable, but in the way at certain times


SMS

/ˌɛs ɛm ˈɛs/

Seiner Majestät Schiff
Seiner Majestät Schiff

(military, nautical, initialism) SMS — Seiner Majestät Schiff – literally, "His Majesty's Ship" in German;

A ship prefix for a ship in the navy of the Empire of Germany (usually for the period leading to WWI and WWI)


AA

en:Alcoholics Anonymous
en:Anna's Archive
en:The AA

As we have said before, never accept an AA increase – if you phone up and threaten to leave they will, in our experience, drop it back to the previous price. Or better still, just keep switching provider each year. LV’s cover is a good alternative.

2020 January 1, Miles Brignall, “Sit back, do nothing and the AA will double your bill”, in The Guardian:

(UK, automotive) Initialism of The Automobile Association: a British motoring association founded in 1905.

The Automobile Association

(US, rail transport) Initialism of Ann Arbor Railroad.


quarter

en-noun

quarter (countable and uncountable, plural quarters)

From Middle English quarter, from Anglo-Norman quarter, from Latin quartarius, from quartus. Compare Spanish cuarto (“room, quarters; quarter”). Doublet of quartier.

cog

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-quarter.wav

çerek

one of four equal parts — see also one-fourth

I was one morning walking the deck, when Rogers, whose watch it was, sitting upon the quarter, called to me in his usual style, ‘Come here, Bill.’

1808–10, William Hickey, Memoirs of a Georgian Rake, Folio Society 1995, p. 80

“My men, the schooner coming up on our weather quarter is a Portuguese pirate.”

(nautical) The aftmost part of a vessel's side, roughly from the last mast to the stern.


stock

en-noun

stock (countable and uncountable, plural stocks or (obsolete) stocken)

stocks (plural)
stocken (obsolete plural)

→ Dutch: stock

desctree

→ French: stock
→ Romanian: stoc
→ Turkish: stok

→ Italian: stock

→ Portuguese: estoque

→ Spanish: stock

From Middle English stok, from Old English stocc, from Proto-West Germanic *stokk, from Proto-Germanic *stukkaz (“tree-trunk”), with modern senses mostly referring either to the trunk from which the tree grows (figuratively, its origin and/or support/foundation), or to a piece of wood, stick, or rod. The senses of "supply" and "raw material" arose from a probable conflation with steck (“an item of goods, merchandise”) or the use of split tally sticks consisting of foil or counterfoil and stock to capture paid taxes, debts or exchanges. Doublet of chock.

stark (non-rhotic, father-bother merger)

The honest, rough piece of iron, so simple in appearance, has more parts than the human body has limbs: the ring, the stock, the crown, the flukes, the palms, the shank. All this, according to the journalist, is “cast” when a ship arriving at an anchorage is brought up.

1904–1906, Joseph Conrad, chapter IV, in The Mirror of the Sea, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y., London: Harper & Brothers, published October 1906, →OCLC:

(nautical) A bar going through an anchor, perpendicular to the flukes.

(nautical) The axle attached to the rudder, which transfers the movement of the helm to the rudder.


stock

en-verb

stock (third-person singular simple present stocks, present participle stocking, simple past and past participle stocked)

stocks (present singular third-person)
stocking (participle present)
stocked (participle past)
stocked (past)

(nautical) To fit (an anchor) with a stock, or to fasten the stock firmly in place.


company

en-noun

company (countable and uncountable, plural companies)

→ Hindi: कंपनी (kampnī)

desc

→ Hokkien: 公班衙 (kong-pan-gêe / kong-pan-gê)

→ Malay: kompeni

→ Scottish Gaelic: companaidh

→ Swahili: kampuni

From Middle English companye (“a team; companionship”), from Old French compaignie (“companionship”) (Modern French: compagnie), possibly from Late Latin *compania, but this word is not attested. Old French compaignie is equivalent to Old French compaignon (Modern French: compagnon) + -ie. More at companion.
Displaced native Old English werod, gefer, getæl, and hired.

inh

who keeps company with the wolf will learn to howl

you don't dip your pen in company ink

don't fish off the company dock, you don't dip your pen in the company inkwell, you don't fish off the company pier

A team; a group of people who work together professionally.


about

Etymology tree
Proto-Germanic *ana-
Proto-West Germanic *ana-
Old English on-?
Proto-West Germanic *biūtan
Old English būtan?
Old English onbūtan
Middle English aboute
English about
Preposition and adverb from Middle English aboute, abouten, from Old English abūtan, onbūtan, from on (“in, on”) + būtan (“outside of”), itself from be (“by”) + ūtan (“outside”). Cognate with Old Frisian abûta (“outside; except”).
Adjective from Middle English about (adverb).

omkring

to a reversed order, or opposite direction

We went about and headed offshore.

To a reversed order; half round; facing in the opposite direction; from a contrary point of view.

(nautical) To the opposite tack: see go about.


point

→ Cantonese: point

→ Indonesian: poin

→ Japanese: ポイント (pointo)

→ Korean: 포인트 (pointeu)

From Middle English poynt, from Old French point m (“dot; minute amount”), from Latin pūnctum (“a hole punched in; a point, puncture”), substantive use of pūnctus m, perfect passive participle of pungō (“I prick, punch”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *pewǵ- (“prick, punch”)); alternatively, from Old French pointe f (“sharp tip”), from Latin pūncta f (past participle). Displaced native Middle English ord (“point”), from Old English ord (“point”). Doublet of pointe, punctum, punt, and punto.

kärki

position at the front or vanguard of an advancing force

decimal point

not used when reading decimal fractions aloud

Ship ahoy, three points off the starboard bow!

A small discrete division or individual feature of something.

(navigation, nautical) A unit of bearing equal to one thirty-second of a circle, i.e. 11.25°.

(automotive, chiefly in the plural) Either of the two metal surfaces in a distributor which close or open to allow or prevent the flow of current through the ignition coil. There is usually a moving point, pushed by the distributor cam, and a fixed point, and they are built together as a unit.

to fall off a point

(nautical) The difference between two points of the compass.

(rail transport, UK, in the plural) A railroad switch.

(nautical) A short piece of cordage used in reefing sails.


point

en-verb

point (third-person singular simple present points, present participle pointing, simple past and past participle pointed)

points (present singular third-person)
pointing (participle present)
pointed (participle past)
pointed (past)

From Middle English pointen, poynten, from Old French pointier, pointer, poynter, from point from Latin pūnctum.

Bear off a little, we're pointing.

(intransitive, nautical) To sail close to the wind.


accelerator

* First attested in 1611.
* (motor vehicle): First attested in 1900.
* accelerate + -or

a pedal used to control a vehicle's speed

a device that speeds up computer processing

a key which a user can press to activate a menu

As soon as you get onto the slipway, push the accelerator.

(vehicles) A pedal causing the vehicle to accelerate when it is pressed.


send

send (third-person singular simple present sends, present participle sending, simple past sent, past participle sent or (nonstandard) sended)

sends (present singular third-person)
sending (participle present)
sent (past)
sent (participle past)
sended (nonstandard participle past)
send (infinitive)

From Middle English senden, from Old English sendan (“to send, cause to go”), from Proto-West Germanic *sandijan, from Proto-Germanic *sandijaną, from Proto-Indo-European *sont-eye- (“to cause to go”), causative of *sent- (“to walk, travel”). The noun is from the verb.
Cognates
Cognate with Saterland Frisian seende (“to send”), Dutch zenden (“to send”), German senden (“to send”), Danish and Norwegian sende (“to send”), Swedish sända (“to send”), Icelandic senda (“to send”). Related also to Old English sand, sond (“a sending, mission, message”). See also sith.

inh

send it up the flagpole and see who salutes


send

thus we drifted, steadily trending with the send of each giant surge further and deeper into the icy regions of the south-west

1877, William Clark Russell, The Frozen Pirate:

the send of the sea

1858 October 16, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, “The Courtship of Miles Standish”, in The Courtship of Miles Standish, and Other Poems, Boston, Mass.: Ticknor and Fields, →OCLC:

The send of the sea was driving the boat's head round to starboard.

1886 October – 1887 January, H[enry] Rider Haggard, She: A History of Adventure, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., published 1887, →OCLC:


lost with all hands

On the other hand, HMS Colossus takes multiple hits from several battleships at once, having drifted closer to the German fleet than the rest of her squadron. She explodes as multiple magazine detonations rip the ship apart, and is lost with all hands.

2018 October 17, Drachinifel, 21:33 from the start, in Last Ride of the High Seas Fleet - Battle of Texel 1918, archived from the original on 2022-08-04:

(nautical, of a ship, boat, or other vessel) Destroyed or sunk, with all passengers and crew having died in the process.

boat; or other vessel; boat; or other vessel

met man en muis vergaan

destroyed or sunk, while all passengers and crew died

menetetty matkustajineen ja miehistöineen

taki, który utonął ze wszystkimi na pokładzie


port

en-noun

port (countable and uncountable, plural ports)

From Old English port, borrowed from Latin portus (“port, harbour”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *pértus (“crossing”) (and thus a distant doublet of ford). The directional sense, attested since at least the 1500s, derives from ancient vessels with the steering oar on the right (see etymology of starboard), which therefore had to moor with their left sides facing the dock or wharf. doublet of fjord, ford, fjard, and firth

doublet

non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger

(nautical, aviation, uncountable) The left-hand side of a vessel, including aircraft, when one is facing the front. Used to unambiguously refer to directions relative to the vessel structure, rather than to a person or object on board.


port

on the port side

(nautical) Of or relating to port, the left-hand side of a vessel when facing the bow.

ляв

of or relating to port, the left-hand side of a vessel


port

en-verb

port (third-person singular simple present ports, present participle porting, simple past and past participle ported)

ports (present singular third-person)
porting (participle present)
ported (participle past)
ported (past)

Port your helm!

(nautical, transitive, chiefly imperative) To turn or put to the left or larboard side of a ship; said of the helm.

завивам наляво

to turn or put to the left or larboard side of a ship


bunk

Sense of sleeping berth possibly from Scottish English bunker (“seat, bench”), origin is uncertain but possibly Scandinavian.
Compare Old Swedish bunke (“boards used to protect the cargo of a ship”).
See also boarding, flooring and compare bunch.

(nautical) A built-in bed on board ship, often erected in tiers one above the other.


board

en-noun

board (countable and uncountable, plural boards)

→ Japanese: ボード (bōdo)

From Middle English bord, from Old English bord, from Proto-West Germanic *bord, from Proto-Germanic *burdą (“board; plank; table”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerdʰ- (“to cut”). The senses "food" and "council" are by metonymy from the sense "table."

inh

Now board to board the rival vessels row.

1697, Virgil, “The Fifth Book of the Æneis”, in John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC:

en:distance between tacks in sailing windward

(nautical) The distance a sailing vessel runs between tacks when working to windward.


board

en-verb

board (third-person singular simple present boards, present participle boarding, simple past and past participle boarded)

boards (present singular third-person)
boarding (participle present)
boarded (participle past)
boarded (past)

(transitive, nautical) To (at least attempt to) capture an enemy ship by going alongside and grappling her, then invading her with a boarding party.


pulpit

From Middle English pulpit, from Old French pulpite and Latin pulpitum (“platform”). Doublet of pulpitum.

(nautical) The railing at the bow of a boat, which sometimes extends past the deck. It is sometimes referred to as bow pulpit. The railing at the stern of the boat is sometimes referred to as a stern pulpit; other texts use the term pushpit.


cat

en-noun

cat (countable and uncountable, plural cats)

Etymological Dictionary of the German Language

de:Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache

From Middle English cat, catte, from Old English catt (“male cat”), catte (“female cat”), from Proto-West Germanic *kattu, from Proto-Germanic *kattuz. Further etymology is unclear.
Further etymology and cognates.
The Germanic word is generally thought to be from Late Latin cattus (“domestic cat”) (c. 350, Palladius), from Latin catta (c. 75 A.D., Martial), from an Afroasiatic language. This would roughly match how domestic cats themselves spread, as genetic studies suggest they began to spread out of the Near East / Fertile Crescent during the Neolithic (being in Cyprus by 9500 years ago, and Greece and Italy by 2500 years ago), especially after they became popular in Egypt. However, every proposed source word has presented problems. Adolphe Pictet and many subsequent sources refer to Barabra (Nubian) [script needed] (kaddîska) and "Nouba" (Nobiin) ⲕⲁⲇⲓ̄ⲥ (kadīs, “kadīs”) as possible sources or cognates, but M. Lionel Bender says the Nubian word is a loan from Arabic قِطَّة (qiṭṭa). Jean-Paul Savignac suggests the Latin word is from an Egyptian precursor of Coptic ϣⲁⲩ (šau, “tomcat”) suffixed with feminine -t, but John Huehnergard says "the source … was clearly not Egyptian itself, where no analogous form is attested."
It may be a Wanderwort. Kroonen says the word must have existed in Germanic from a very early date, as it shows morphological alternations, and suggests that it might have been borrowed from Uralic, compare Northern Sami gađfe (“female stoat”) and Hungarian hölgy (“stoat; lady, bride”) from Proto-Uralic *käďwä (“female (of a fur animal)”).
Related to Scots cat, West Frisian kat, North Frisian kåt and kaat, Dutch kat, Danish kat, Norwegian katt, Swedish katt, German Low German Katt and Katte, German Katze, Alemannic German Chatz, Icelandic köttur, Afrikaans kat, Latin cattus, French chat, Norman cat, Occitan cat, Portuguese gato, Spanish gato, Aromanian cãtush, Scottish Gaelic cat, Irish cat, Breton kazh, Welsh cath, Cornish kath, as well as Ancient Greek κάττα (kátta), Greek γάτα (gáta), Turkish kedi, and from the same ultimate source Russian кот (kot), Ukrainian кіт (kit), Belarusian кот (kot), Polish kot, Kashubian kòt, Lithuanian katė, and more distantly Armenian կատու (katu), Basque katu, Arabic قِطَّة (qiṭṭa) alongside dialectal Maghrebi Arabic قَطُّوس (qaṭṭūs) (from Berber, probably from Latin).

pilppu

game of "trap and ball" (or "cat and dog")

nervous as a long-tailed cat in a room full of rocking chairs

the cat would eat fish but would not wet her feet

Overhaul down & hook the cat, haul taut. Walk away the cat. When up, pass the cat head stopper. Hook the fish in & fish the anchor.

2009, Olof A. Eriksen, Constitution - All Sails Up and Flying, Outskirts Press, page 134:

(nautical) A strong tackle used to hoist an anchor to the cathead of a ship.

kat

[…]he whipped a black man for disobedience of his orders fifty lashes; and again whipped him with a cat, which he wound with wire, about the same number of stripes;[…]he used this cat on one other man, and then destroyed the cat wound with wire.

1839, Documents of the Assembly of the State of New York, testimony by Henry L. Pinckney (Assembly No. 335), page 44:

(chiefly nautical) Short for cat-o'-nine-tails.


cat

en-verb

cat (third-person singular simple present cats, present participle catting, simple past and past participle catted)

cats (present singular third-person)
catting (participle present)
catted (participle past)
catted (past)

The anchors were catted at the bows of the yacht …

1922, Francis Lynde, Pirates' Hope, New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, page 226:

(nautical, transitive) To hoist (the anchor) by its ring so that it hangs at the cathead.

(nautical, transitive) To flog with a cat-o'-nine-tails.


wall

(nautical) A kind of knot often used at the end of a rope; a wall knot or wale.


wall

wall (third-person singular simple present walls, present participle walling, simple past and past participle walled)

walls (present singular third-person)
walling (participle present)
walled (participle past)
walled (past)

(transitive, nautical) To make a wall knot on the end of (a rope).


triangle

/ˈtɹaɪəŋɡəl/

/ˈtɹaɪˌæŋɡəl/

/ˈtɹaɪˌæŋɡəl/

PIE word
 *tréyes
From Middle English triangle, from Old French triangle, from Latin triangulum, noun use of adjective triangulus (“three-cornered, having three angles”), from trēs (“three”) + angulus (“corner, angle”), equivalent to tri- + angle.

After turning on the triangle at Jeumont, we set off light engine back to Aulnoye.

1961 March, ""Balmore"", “Driving and firing modern French steam locomotives”, in Trains Illustrated, page 147:

(rail transport) A triangular formation of railway tracks, with a curve on at least one side.


in

en-adj

in (comparative more in, superlative most in)

more in (comparative)
most in (superlative)

→ Portuguese: in

PIE word
 *h₁en
Preposition and verb from Middle English in, from Old English in, from Proto-Germanic *in.
Adverb, noun and adjective from Middle English in, from Old English inn and inne, from Proto-Germanic *innai.
Sense 1/2 "in"/"into" are from the original PIE prefix, with locative/accusative case respectively. Sense 3/4 "qualification"/"means" are from the PIE metaphor of all infinitives coming from locatives.

בְּ־

written together with the following word

e

before masculine noun, without article; before feminine noun, with article "l'"

(nautical, of the sails of a vessel) Furled or stowed.


carcass

Dated from the late 13th Century C.E.; from Anglo-Norman carcois, possibly related to Old French charcois. Cognate with French carcasse. But cf. also Avestan 𐬐𐬀𐬵𐬭𐬐𐬁𐬯𐬀 (kahrkās, “vulture”), and Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (klkʾs /kargās/, “vulture”), whence Persian کرکس (karkas, “vulture”).

cog

(nautical) An early incendiary ship-to-ship projectile consisting of an iron shell filled with saltpetre, sulphur, resin, turpentine, antimony and tallow with vents for flame.


take

en-verb

take (third-person singular simple present takes, present participle taking, simple past took, past participle taken or (archaic or Scotland) tane)

takes (present singular third-person)
taking (participle present)
took (past)
taken (participle past)
tane (Scotland archaic participle past)
take (infinitive)

Brill Publishers
Helmut Rix
Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben

From Middle English taken (“to take, lay hold of, grasp, strike”), from Old English tacan (“to grasp, touch”), of North Germanic origin, from Old Norse taka (“to touch, take”), from Proto-Germanic *tēkaną (“to touch”), from pre-Germanic *deh₁g- (“to touch”), possibly a phonetically altered form of Proto-Indo-European *te-th₂g- (“to touch, take”) (see there for details).
Cognate with Scots tak, Icelandic and Norwegian Nynorsk taka (“to take”), Norwegian Bokmål ta (“to take”), Swedish ta (“to take”), Danish tage (“to take, seize”), Middle Dutch taken (“to grasp”), Dutch taken (“to take; grasp”), Middle Low German tacken (“to grasp”). English thack may be from the same root. Compare tackle. Unrelated to Lithuanian tèkti (“to receive, be granted”), which is instead cognate with English thig.
Gradually displaced Middle English nimen (“to take”; see nim), from Old English niman (“to take”).

unést

to support or carry without failing or breaking

These stairs take you down to the basement.

Stone Street took us right past the store.

Our old wooden Battersea bridge takes me over the river; in ten minutes' swift trotting I am fairly away from the monster and its bricks.

1884, James Anthony Froude, Thomas Carlyle: A History of His Life in London, 1834–1881 […], volume I, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., →OCLC, page 188:

(transitive) To carry or lead (something or someone).

(transitive, of a path, road, etc.) To lead (to a place); to serve as a means of reaching.


can

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-can.wav

From Middle English canne, from Old English canne (“glass, container, cup, can”), from Proto-Germanic *kannǭ (“can, tankard, mug, cup”).

inh

(nautical) A cylindrical buoy or marker used to denote a port-side lateral mark


bank

From Middle English bank, from Old English hōbanca (“couch”) and Old English banc (“bank, hillock, embankment”), from Proto-Germanic *bankô. Akin to Old Norse bakki (“elevation, hill”), Norwegian bakke (“slope, hill”).

der

the banks of Newfoundland

(nautical, hydrology) An elevation, or rising ground, under the sea; a shallow area of shifting sand, gravel, mud, and so forth (for example, a sandbank or mudbank).

плитчина

an underwater area of higher elevation, a sandbank

This is the hardest duty on the railway, for the trains are heavy and there are some long 1 in 40 banks.

1940 December, O. S. M. Raw, “The Rhodesia Railways—II”, in Railway Magazine, page 640:


bank

en-verb

bank (third-person singular simple present banks, present participle banking, simple past and past participle banked)

banks (present singular third-person)
banking (participle present)
banked (participle past)
banked (past)

Some interesting facts have recently been made known by the L.N.E.R. concerning the 178-ton Garratt 2-8-0 + 0-8-2 engine No. 2395, which since construction in 1925 has spent the whole of its working life banking coal trains up the 3 miles of 1 in 40 between Wentworth junction and West Silkstone, on the Worsborough branch, near Barnsley.

1942 March, “Notes and News: Locomotive Notes”, in Railway Magazine, page 93:

[...] the 4-4-0 unhappily stalled after a stop on Reading Old Bank with its eight-coach load and the Reading Up Line pilot, a "Hall", had to bank the train into Reading General.

1960 July, “Motive Power Miscellany: Western Region”, in Trains Illustrated, page 443:

Soon after leaving Bebra the line rises, mostly at 1 in 74, for 7 miles to Cornberg and all trains of over 400 tons are banked.

1960 September, P. Ransome-Wallis, “Modern motive power of the German Federal Railway: Part One”, in Trains Ilustrated, page 558:

(rail transport, UK) To provide additional power for a train ascending a bank (incline) by attaching another locomotive.


eight

From Middle English eighte, aught, eahte, ahte, from Old English eahta, from Proto-West Germanic *ahtō, from Proto-Germanic *ahtōu, from Proto-Indo-European *oḱtṓw.
Cognate with Scots aucht (“eight”), West Frisian acht (“eight”), Dutch acht (“eight”), Low German acht (“eight”), German acht (“eight”), Norwegian åtte (“eight”), Swedish åtta (“eight”), Icelandic átta (“eight”), Latin octo (“eight”), Ancient Greek ὀκτώ (oktṓ), Irish ocht (“eight”).

(nautical) A light, narrow rowing boat, especially one used in competitive rowing, steered by a cox, in which eight rowers each have two oars.


prick

prick (third-person singular simple present pricks, present participle pricking, simple past and past participle pricked)

pricks (present singular third-person)
pricking (participle present)
pricked (participle past)
pricked (past)

From Middle English prikken, from Old English prician, priccan (“to prick”), from Proto-Germanic *prikōną, *prikjaną (“to pierce, prick”), of uncertain origin; perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *breyǵ- (“to scrape, scratch, rub, prickle, chap”). Cognate with dialectal English pritch, Dutch prikken (“to prick, sting”), Middle High German pfrecken (“to prick”), Swedish pricka (“to dot, prick”), and possibly to Lithuanian įbrėžti (“to scrape, scratch, carve, inscribe, strike”).

cog

(transitive, chiefly nautical) To mark the surface of (something) with pricks or dots; especially, to trace a ship’s course on (a chart).

(nautical, obsolete) To run a middle seam through the cloth of a sail.


spring

en-verb

spring (third-person singular simple present springs, present participle springing, simple past sprang or sprung, past participle sprung)

springs (present singular third-person)
springing (participle present)
sprang (past)
sprung (past)
sprung (participle past)
spring (infinitive)

From Middle English springen, from Old English springan (“to spring, leap, bounce, sprout forth, emerge, spread out”), from Proto-West Germanic *springan, from Proto-Germanic *springaną (“to burst forth”), from Proto-Indo-European *spre(n)ǵʰ- (“to move, race, spring”), from *sper- (“to jerk, twitch, snap, shove”).
cognates
* Saterland Frisian springe
* West Frisian springe
* Dutch springen
* German Low German springen
* German springen
* Danish springe
* Swedish springa
* Norwegian springe
* Faroese springa
* Icelandic springa (“to burst, explode”).
Other possible cognates include Lithuanian spreñgti (“to push (in)”), Old Church Slavonic прѧсти (“to spin, to stretch”), Latin spargere (“to sprinkle, to scatter”), Ancient Greek σπέρχω (spérkhō, “to hasten”), Sanskrit स्पृहयति (spṛháyati, “to be eager”). Some newer senses derived from the noun.

cog

The Edward sprang hir foremast.

(intransitive, nautical, usually perfective) To crack.

(transitive, nautical) To turn a vessel using a spring attached to its anchor cable.


spring

en-noun

spring (countable and uncountable, plural springs)

From Middle English spryng (“a wellspring, tide, branch, sunrise, kind of dance or blow, ulcer, snare, flock”); partly from Old English spring (“wellspring, ulcer”), from Proto-West Germanic *spring, from Proto-Germanic *springaz (“a wellspring, fount”); and partly from Old English spryng (“a jump”), from Proto-West Germanic *sprungi, from Proto-Germanic *sprungiz (“a jump”). Further senses derived from the verb and from clippings of day-spring, springtime, spring tide, etc. Its sense as the season, first attested in a work predating 1325, gradually replaced Middle English lente, lentin, from Old English lencten (“spring, Lent”) as that word became more specifically liturgical. Compare fall.

ааԥын

season between winter and summer in temperate climates

He had warped round with the springs on his cable, and had recommenced his fire upon the Aurora.

1836, Frederick Marryat, Mr. Midshipman Easy, volume III, page 72:

(countable) Something which springs, springs forth, springs up, or springs back, particularly

(nautical) A line from a vessel's end or side to its anchor cable used to diminish or control its movement.

springi

nautical: line from an end or side to the anchor cable

You should put a couple of springs onto the jetty to stop the boat moving so much.

Spring is likewise a rope reaching diagonally from the stern of a ship to the head of another which lies along-side or a-breast of her.

1769, William Falconer, An Universal Dictionary of the Marine, s.v:

‘Springs’ are the ropes used on a ship that is alongside a berth to prevent fore and aft movements.

(nautical) A line laid out from a vessel's end to the opposite end of an adjacent vessel or mooring to diminish or control its movement.

spring

nautical: line from an end to another vessel or mooring to limit surging

A spar is said to be sprung, when it is cracked or split,... and the crack is called a spring.

1846, Arthur Young, Nautical Dictionary, page 292:

(countable, nautical, obsolete) A crack which has sprung up in a mast, spar, or (rare) a plank or seam.

halkeama

nautical: crack or fissure in a mast or yard


cast

en-verb

cast (third-person singular simple present casts, present participle casting, simple past and past participle cast or (nonstandard) casted)

casts (present singular third-person)
casting (participle present)
cast (participle past)
cast (past)
casted (nonstandard participle past)
casted (nonstandard past)
cast (infinitive)

Etymology tree
Proto-Germanic *kas-
Proto-Germanic *kastōną
Old Norse kastabor.
Middle English casten
English cast
From Middle English casten, from Old Norse kasta (“to throw, cast, overturn”), from Proto-Germanic *kastōną (“to throw, cast”), of unknown origin.
Cognate with Scots cast (“to cast, throw”), Danish kaste (“to throw”), Swedish kasta (“to throw, cast, fling, toss, discard”), Icelandic kasta (“to pitch, toss”). In the sense of "flinging", displaced native warp.
The senses relating to broadcasting are based on that same term; compare -cast.

cog

let he who is without sin cast the first stone

let him that is without sin cast the first stone

let him who is without sin cast the first stone

(nautical) To heave the lead and line in order to ascertain the depth of water.

peilen

to heave a lead and line in order to ascertain the depth of water

(nautical) To bring the bows of a sailing ship on to the required tack just as the anchor is weighed by use of the headsail; to bring (a ship) round.


quadrant

From Middle English quadrant, from Old French cadran, quadrant and its etymon Latin quadrāns, -antis (“fourth part of something, quarter”). Doublet of quadrans.

(nautical) A measuring device with a graduated arc of 90° used in locating an altitude.


jack

→ Brazilian Portuguese: jegue

→ European Portuguese: jaque

Transferative use of the personal name Jack.

náłbiil bijaadbee dahnádidlohí

device for raising and supporting a heavy object

jekker

military: coarse medieval coat of defense

(nautical) A small ship's flag used as a signal or identifying device; a small flag flown at the bow of the vessel.

(nautical, now rare, historical) A jack crosstree.

A non-tool object or thing.
A jack crosstree.


head

en-noun

head (countable and uncountable, plural heads or head)

base

antonym(s) of “topmost part of anything”

→ Japanese: ヘッド (heddo)

Sranan Tongo: ede

Aukan: ede

Saramaccan: hédi

From Middle English hed, heed, heved, heaved, from Old English hēafd-, hēafod (“head; top; source, origin; chief, leader; capital”), from Proto-West Germanic *haubud, from Proto-Germanic *haubudą (“head”), from Proto-Indo-European *káput-. The modern word comes from Old English oblique stem hēafd-, the expected Modern English outcome for hēafod would be *heaved (similar to the Middle English word). Doublet of cape, capo, caput, chef, chief, and Howth.
cognates
Cognate with Scots heid, hede, hevid, heved (“head”), Old English hafola (“head”), North Frisian hood (“head”), Dutch hoofd (“head”), German Haupt (“head”), Swedish huvud (“head”), Danish hoved (“head”), Icelandic höfuð (“head”), Latin caput (“head”), Sanskrit कपाल (kapāla, “skull”), Hindi कपाल (kapāl, “skull”).

頭

つぶり, tsuburi, つぃぶる, tsiburu, つぃぶるぃ, tsiburi

pää

have one's head screwed on the right way

know one's head from a hole in the ground

run around like a chicken with its head cut off

would lose one's head if it wasn't attached

would lose one's head if it wasn't bolted on

would lose one's head if it wasn't glued on

would lose one's head if it wasn't screwed on

would lose one's head if it wasn't stuck on

would lose one's head if it wasn't tied on

would lose one's head if it weren't attached

you can't put an old head on young shoulders

you can't put a wise head on young shoulders

en:topmost, foremost, or leading part of any of various things

internal combustion engine
internal combustion engine

(countable) The topmost, foremost, or leading part.

(countable) The principal operative part of a machine or tool.

(automotive) The cylinder head, a platform above the cylinders in an internal combustion engine, containing the valves and spark plugs.

The topmost, foremost, or leading part.
A leading component.
The top edge of a sail.

The topmost, foremost, or leading part.
A leading component.
The bow of a vessel.

I've got to go to the head.

A significant or important part.
A beginning or end, a protuberance.
(nautical) The toilet of a ship.

A significant or important part.
A beginning or end, a protuberance.
The toilet of a ship.


stock car

(rail transport) A railway car for carrying livestock.


close

From Middle English closen (“to close, enclose”), partly continuing (in altered form) earlier Middle English clusen (“to close”) (from Old English clȳsan (“to close, shut”); compare beclose, foreclose, etc.), and partly derived from Middle English clos (“close, shut up, confined, secret”, adjective), from Old French clos (“close, confined”, adjective), from Latin clausus (“shut up”, past participle), from claudere (“to bar, block, close, enclose, bring an end to, confine”), from Proto-Indo-European *klāw- (“key, hook, nail”), related to Latin clāvis (“key, deadbolt, bar”), clāvus (“nail, peg”), claustrum (“bar, bolt, barrier”), claustra (“dam, wall, barricade, stronghold”). Cognate with Ancient Greek κλείς (kleís, “bar, bolt, key”), German schließen (“to close, conclude, lock”), Dutch sluiten (“to close, conclude, lock”). Partially replaced Old English lūcan (“to close, lock, enclose”), (whence English lock). Doublet of clause.

cog

(aviation, travel) The time when checkin staff will no longer accept passengers for a flight.


general

en-noun

general (countable and uncountable, plural generals)

From Middle English general, in turn from Anglo-Norman general, generall, Middle French general, and their source, Latin generālis, from genus (“class, kind”) + -ālis (“-al”); thus morphologically parallel with, and a doublet of, generic.

(nautical) A commander of naval forces; an admiral.


quadruple

en-verb

quadruple (third-person singular simple present quadruples, present participle quadrupling, simple past and past participle quadrupled)

quadruples (present singular third-person)
quadrupling (participle present)
quadrupled (participle past)
quadrupled (past)

From Middle English quadruple, from Latin quadruplus. Can be analyzed as quadri- + -ple.

On June 8, 1872, the London & North Western Railway obtained powers to quadruple its main line, and a new tunnel was bored for the up and down slow lines.

1950 September, “Network News: Watford Tunnel, L.M.R.”, in Railway Magazine, page 641:

Quadrupling the short remaining stretch of three-track railway north of Rugby, left over by the turn of the century modernisation, is a possibility that could be pursued.

2019 October, “Railtalk: HS2 delay - time for lateral thinking”, in Modern Railways, page 7:

A long-term aspiration is to quadruple the cross-country route between Peterborough and Werrington Junction, removing any conflict between trains on the Spalding and Leicester lines.

2020 April 22, Paul Shannon, “Felixstowe: Is 47 trains a day achievable?”, in Rail, page 52:

(rail transport) To provide four parallel running lines on a given stretch of railway.


toe

en-noun

toe (countable and uncountable, plural toes)

heel

antonym(s) of “each of the five digits on the end of the foot”

From Middle English to, from Old English tā, (Mercian) tāhe, from Proto-Germanic *taihwǭ (compare Dutch teen, German Zehe, Danish tå, Swedish tå), from *tīhwaną (“to show, announce”) (compare Old English teōn (“to accuse”), German zeihen (“to accuse, blame”)), from Proto-Indo-European *deyḱ- (“to show”) (compare Hittite [script needed] (tekkuššāi), Latin dīcere (“to say”), digitus (“finger”), Ancient Greek δείκνυμι (deíknumi, “to point out, show”), Sanskrit दिदेष्टि (dídeṣṭi), दिशति (diśáti)).

cog

(automotive) An alignment of the wheels of a road vehicle, either positive (toe in), meaning the wheels are closer together at the front than at the back, or negative (toe out), the other way round.


stem

From Middle English stem, stemme, stempne, stevin, from Old English stemn, from Proto-West Germanic *stamni, from Proto-Germanic *stamniz, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand, stay”).

der

the apple does not fall far from the stem

Both we will walke vpon the loftie cliffes,
And Chriſtian Merchants that with Ruſſian ſtems
Plow vp huge furrowes in the Caſpian ſea,
Shall vaile to vs, as Lords of al the Lake.

c. 1587–1588, [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], 2nd edition, part 1, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire, London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act I, scene ii:

(nautical) The vertical or nearly vertical forward extension of the keel, to which the forward ends of the planks or strakes are attached.

форщевен

nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel


boom

Borrowed from Dutch boom (“tree; pole”). Doublet of beam.

(sailing) A spar extending the foot of a sail; a spar rigged outboard from a ship's side to which boats are secured in harbour.


accident

en-noun

accident (countable and uncountable, plural accidents)

First attested in the late 14th century. From Middle English accident, from Old French accident, from Latin accidēns, present active participle of accidō (“happen”); from ad (“to”) + cadō (“fall”). See cadence, case. In the sense “unintended pregnancy”, first attested in 1932.

qawwalayla

unexpected event with negative consequences

accident

logic: quality or attribute in distinction from substance

befalling

unexpected event that takes place without foresight or expectation

There was a huge accident on I5 involving 15 automobiles.

My insurance went up after the second accident in three months.

Surprisingly, this analysis revealed that acute exposure to solvent vapors at concentrations below those associated with long-term effects appears to increase the risk of a fatal automobile accident. Furthermore, this increase in risk is comparable to the risk of death from leukemia after long-term exposure to benzene, another solvent, which has the well-known property of causing this type of cancer.

2013 July-August, Philip J. Bushnell, “Solvents, Ethanol, Car Crashes & Tolerance”, in American Scientist:

(transport) A collision or crash of a vehicle, aircraft, or other form of transportation that causes damage to the transportation involved; and sometimes injury or death to the transportation's occupants or bystanders in close proximity. (but see Usage notes)

transport: unintended event that causes damage

инциде́нт

military: unplanned event resulting in injury


accident

The NTSB report revealed that the accident airplane was a Cessna 172.

(transport) Designating any form of transportation involved in an accident.


crew

From Middle English crue, from Old French creue (“an increase, recruit, military reinforcement”), the feminine past participle of creistre (“grow”), from Latin crescere (“to arise, grow”). Doublet of creature, crescent, croissant, recreation, and recruit.

doublet

The officers and crew assembled on the deck.

There are quarters for three officers and five crew.

(nautical, plural: crew) A member of a ship's company who is not an officer.


crew

en-verb

crew (third-person singular simple present crews, present participle crewing, simple past and past participle crewed)

crews (present singular third-person)
crewing (participle present)
crewed (participle past)
crewed (past)

The crewing of the vessel before the crash was deficient.

(nautical) To do the proper work of a sailor

kuulua miehistöön

nautical: to do the proper work of a sailor

The two ships will be crewing in the latter half of September.

1967 January, “Tampa”, in The Pilot, page 30:

(nautical) To take on, recruit (new) crew


tide

tide (third-person singular simple present tides, present participle tiding, simple past and past participle tided)

tides (present singular third-person)
tiding (participle present)
tided (participle past)
tided (past)

From Middle English tyde, tide, tyd, tid, from Old English tīd (“time”), from Proto-Germanic *tīdiz (“time”), from Proto-Indo-European *déh₂itis (“time”), from Proto-Indo-European *deh₂y- (“to divide”). Related to time.
Cognates:
Cognate with Scots tide, tyde (“moment, time, occasion, period, tide”), North Frisian tid (“time”), West Frisian tiid (“time, while”), Dutch tijd (“time”), Dutch tij, getij (“tide of the sea”), Afrikaans tyd (“time”), Low German Tied, Tiet (“time”), Low German Tide (“tide of the sea”), German Zeit (“time”), Danish tid (“time”), Swedish tid (“time”), Icelandic tíð (“time”), Albanian ditë (“day”), Old Armenian տի (ti, “age”), Northern Kurdish dem (“time”).

der

Southern US, African-American Vernacular

(intransitive, nautical) To work into or out of a river or harbor by drifting with the tide and anchoring when it becomes adverse.


stand

en-verb

stand (third-person singular simple present stands, present participle standing, simple past stood, past participle stood or (obsolete) standen or (nonstandard) stand)

stands (present singular third-person)
standing (participle present)
stood (past)
stood (participle past)
standen (obsolete participle past)
stand (nonstandard participle past)
stand (infinitive)

→ Ido: standar

→ Norman: stanner, sténer

Sranan Tongo: tan

From Middle English standen, stonden (verb) and stand, stond (noun, from the verb), from Old English standan (“to stand, occupy a place”), from Proto-West Germanic *standan, from Proto-Germanic *standaną (“to stand”), from Pre-Germanic *sth₂-n-t-´, an innovative extended n-infixed form of Proto-Indo-European *steh₂-.
cognates
Cognate with Scots stand (“to stand”), Saterland Frisian stounde (“to stand”), West Frisian stean (“to stand”), dialectal German standen (“to stand”), Danish stande (“to stand”), Swedish stånda (“to stand”), Norwegian standa (“to stand”), Faroese standa (“to stand”), Icelandic standa (“to stand”), Gothic 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽 (standan), Russian стоя́ть (stojátʹ, “to stand”). Also from *steh₂-: Irish seas, Latin stare, Lithuanian stóti, Old Church Slavonic стояти (stojati), Albanian shtoj (“to increase”), Ancient Greek ἵστημι (hístēmi, “to put”), Avestan 𐬵𐬌𐬱𐬙𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (hištaⁱti), Sanskrit तिष्ठति (tiṣṭhati). From the related Proto-Germanic *stāną (“to stand”): West Frisian stean, Dutch staan, German stehen, Danish stå.

cog

a house divided against itself cannot stand

behind every successful man there stands a woman

dwarf standing on the shoulders of giants

where you stand depends on where you sit

To repaire his defects, hee stood for the coast of Calabria, but hearing there was six or seven Galleyes at Mesina hee departed thence for Malta[…].

1630, John Smith, True Travels, Kupperman, published 1988, page 40:

(intransitive, nautical) Of a ship or its captain, to steer, sail (in a specified direction, for a specified destination etc.).

suunnata

to steer in a specified direction or destination


maroon

Unknown. Possibly related to the sense “castaway” (etymology 1), or owing to the fact that the color of a fired flare was commonly red (etymology 2).

On Sunday afternoon a serious firework explosion occurred in Lambeth, whereby three persons were seriously injured. Two lads […] purchased a firework called a “maroon”, which is a bomb consisting of a small ball of string covered with a red composition. It is loaded with gunpowder, and there is also a fuse attached.

1887 November 5, “Metropolitan Reports”, in The Chemist and Druggist, page 564:

As the evening falls, colored lamps and Chinese lanterns are lighted around the venerable oak which stands in the middle of the fairground and boys climb about among its topmost branches with maroons and Bengal lights.

1891, Alexander Kielland, “At the Fair”, in William Archer, transl., Tales of Two Countries, New York: Harper, page 73:

Many a seaman’s life may have depended on equine speed and strength. Some of these ‘Lifeboat Horses’ used to recognise the maroon which was fired to summon the Lifeboat crew. Long after its retirement one of the horses which regularly helped to haul the Hoylake Lifeboat heard a maroon fired one day when it was working in the neighbouring fields. It immediately became very excited and made for the boathouse.

1900, Alan C. Jenkins, Introducing Horses, London: Spring Books:

tallboys […] And now I am off to inspect stores. There is a shortage of maroons that I don't understand. / the countess. What a pity! I love maroons. They have such nice ones at that confectioner's near the Place Vendôme. / tallboys. Oh, youre thinking of marrons glacés. No: maroons are fireworks: things that go off with a bang. For signalling.

1931 (date written), [George] Bernard Shaw, “Too True to Be Good: A Political Extravaganza”, in Too True to Be Good, Village Wooing & On the Rocks. Three Plays, London: Constable and Company, published 1934, →OCLC, Act II, page 58:

The big air raids […] were much more dreadful than the air raids of the World War. They began with a nightmare of warning maroons, sirens, hooters and the shrill whistles of cyclist scouts, then swarms of frantic people running to and fro, […]

1933 September, H[erbert] G[eorge] Wells, “The Last War Cyclone, 1940–50”, in The Shape of Things to Come, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company, →OCLC, 2nd book (The Days after Tomorrow: The Age of Frustration), page 203:

(nautical) A rocket-propelled firework or skyrocket, often one used as a signal (for example, to summon the crew of a lifeboat or warn of an air raid).


mouse

en-noun

mouse (plural mice or (computing) mouses)

→ Bengali: মাউস (maus)

→ Brazilian Portuguese: mouse

→ French: souris (semantic loan)

→ Georgian: მაუსი (mausi)

→ Italian: mouse

→ Japanese: マウス (mausu)

→ Korean: 마우스 (mauseu)

→ Romanian: mouse

→ Spanish: mouse

desc

→ Thai: เมาส์ (máo), เม้าส์ (máo)

→ Thai: เมาส์ (máo), เม้าส์ (máo)

→ Vietnamese: chuột (semantic loan)

From Middle English mous, from Old English mūs, from Proto-West Germanic *mūs, from Proto-Germanic *mūs, from Proto-Indo-European *muh₂s.
cognates
Germanic cognates include Old Frisian mūs, Old Saxon mūs (German Low German Muus), Dutch muis, Old High German mūs (German Maus), Old Norse mús (Swedish mus, Danish mus, Norwegian mus, Icelandic mús, Faroese mús).
Indo-European cognates include Ancient Greek μῦς (mûs), Latin mūs, Spanish mur, Armenian մուկ (muk), Old Church Slavonic мꙑшь (myšĭ) (Russian мышь (myšʹ)), Albanian mi, Persian موش (muš),Northern Kurdish mişk,Sanskrit मूष् (mūṣ).
The computing sense was coined by American engineer Bill English in 1965 and first used publicly in a publication titled "Computer-Aided Display Control", in reference to the similarity with the animal.

coin

the best laid plans of mice and men go oft astray

the best laid plans of mice and men often go awry

(nautical) A turn or lashing of spun yarn or small stuff, or a metallic clasp or fastening, uniting the point and shank of a hook to prevent its unhooking or straightening out.


mouse

en-verb

mouse (third-person singular simple present mouses, present participle mousing, simple past and past participle moused)

mouses (present singular third-person)
mousing (participle present)
moused (participle past)
moused (past)

Captain Higgins moused the hook with a bit of marline to prevent the block beckets from falling out under slack.

(transitive, nautical) To close the mouth of a hook by a careful binding of marline or wire.


square

en-adj

square (comparative squarer, superlative squarest)

squarer (comparative)
squarest (superlative)

From Middle English square, sqware, squyre; from Old French esquarre, esquerre, (modern French équerre), from Vulgar Latin *exquadra, from Latin ex- + quadro, from quadrus (compare English quad and quadra). Doublet of squad and squadra.
Displaced fēowerecge (fēower nominative + ecg accusative, as in "four-edged").

en:ninety degree angle
en:nautical orthogonality

(nautical) Forming right angles with the mast or the keel, and parallel to the horizon; said of the yards of a square-rigged vessel when they are so braced.

(automotive) Of an internal combustion engine design, in which the diameter of the piston is similar, roughly, approximately, equal to its stroke distance.


square

en-verb

square (third-person singular simple present squares, present participle squaring, simple past and past participle squared)

squares (present singular third-person)
squaring (participle present)
squared (participle past)
squared (past)

подравнявам

to adjust so as to align with or place at a right angle

jalustaa poikittain

nautical: to place at right angles with the keel

to square the yards

(transitive) To adjust so as to align with or place at a right angle to something else; in particular:

(nautical) To place at a right angle to the mast or keel.


finger

Sranan Tongo: finga

PIE word
 *pénkʷe
From Middle English fynger, finger, from Old English finger (“finger”), from Proto-West Germanic *fingr, from Proto-Germanic *fingraz (“finger”), from Proto-Indo-European *penkʷrós, from *pénkʷe (“five”). Compare West Frisian finger, Low German/German Finger, Dutch vinger, Danish, Norwegian, and Swedish finger; also Old Armenian հինգեր-որդ (hinger-ord, “fifth”). More at five.

sormi

something similar in function to a finger

Something similarly extending, (especially) from a larger body, particularly:

(nautical) Clipping of finger pier: a shorter, narrower pier projecting from a larger dock.


guinea pig

Sranan Tongo: dyinipi

The origin of "guinea" in "guinea pig" is uncertain. One theory is that the animals, which are originally from South America, were brought to Europe by way of Guinea, leading people to think they had originated there. "Guinea" was also frequently used in English to refer generally to any far-off, unknown country, and so the name may simply be a colorful reference to the animal's foreignness. Others believe "guinea" may be an alteration of the word coney (“rabbit”); guinea pigs were referred to as "pig coneys" in Edward Topsell's 1607 treatise on quadrupeds.

A good seaman he is... none of your guinea-pigs.

1748, Tobias Smollett, The Adventures of Roderick Random, page 183:

I promise you, to me it was no slight penance to be exposed during the whole voyage to the half sneering, satirical looks of the mates and guinea-pigs.

1779, Macintosh, Travels, quoted in Carey, Old Days, i. 73

(nautical, obsolete) A midshipman in the East India service; (by extension) a low-skilled or non-proficient seaman.


thumb

en-verb

thumb (third-person singular simple present thumbs, present participle thumbing, simple past and past participle thumbed)

thumbs (present singular third-person)
thumbing (participle present)
thumbed (participle past)
thumbed (past)

From Middle English thombe, thoume, thoumbe, from Old English þūma, from Proto-West Germanic *þūmō, from Proto-Germanic *þūmô from Proto-Indo-European *tūm- (“to grow”).
See also West Frisian tomme, Dutch duim, Low German Duum, German Daumen, Danish tomme, Swedish tumme; also
Welsh tyfu (“to grow”), Latin tumēre (“to swell”), Lithuanian tumėti (“to thicken, clot”), Ancient Greek τύμβος (túmbos, “burial mound”), Avestan 𐬀𐬨𐬏𐬙 (amūt, “strong”), Sanskrit तुम्र (túmra, “strong, thick”). The parasitic ‐b has existed since the late 13th century.

EtymOnLine

Douglas Harper (2001–2024) “thumb”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.

So I started thumbin' back east, toward my hometown.

Bobby thumbed a diesel down, just before it rained.

1969, Kris Kristofferson, Fred Foster, Me and Bobby McGee:

Thumbed a diesel down, outside a cafe.

1980, Kye Fleming, Dennis Morgan, Smoky Mountain Rain:


PI

en-noun

PI (countable and uncountable, plural PIs)

(automotive) Initialism of port injection. (fuel injection)


fall

fall (countable and uncountable, plural falls)

ascent

antonym(s) of “act of moving to a lower position under the effect of gravity”

ascent

antonym(s) of “loss of greatness or status”

Fall Classic
Fall of Baghdad
Fall of Constantinople
Fall of Rome
Fall of Saigon
Falls-to-Falls Corridor
fall
the Fall of France
the Fall of the Roman Empire

Verb from Middle English fallen, from Old English feallan (“to fall, fail, decay, die, attack”), from Proto-West Germanic *fallan (“to fall”), from Proto-Germanic *fallaną (“to fall”).
Cognate with West Frisian falle (“to fall”), Low German fallen (“to fall”), Dutch vallen (“to fall”), German fallen (“to fall”), Danish falde (“to fall”), Norwegian Bokmål falle (“to fall”), Norwegian Nynorsk falla (“to fall”), Icelandic falla (“to fall”), Albanian fal (“forgive, pray, salute, greet”), Lithuanian pùlti (“to attack, rush”).
Noun from Middle English fal, fall, falle, from Old English feall, ġefeall (“a falling, fall”) and Old English fealle (“trap, snare”), from Proto-Germanic *fallą, *fallaz (“a fall, trap”). Cognate with Dutch val, German Fall (“fall”) and German Falle (“trap, snare”), Danish fald, Swedish fall, Icelandic fall.
Sense of "autumn" is attested by the 1660s in England as a shortening of fall of the leaf (1540s), from the falling of leaves during this season. Along with autumn, it mostly replaced the older name harvest as that name began to be associated strictly with the act of harvesting. Compare spring, which began as a shortening of “spring of the leaf”.

cog

"[...] with one overhauled fall flying and an iron-bound block capering in the air."

Have the goodness to secure the falls of the mizzen halyards.

(nautical) The part of the rope of a tackle to which the power is applied in hoisting (usu. plural).


fall

Perhaps from the north-eastern Scottish pronunciation of whale.

(nautical) The cry given when a whale is sighted, or harpooned.


fall

(nautical) The chasing of a hunted whale.


RN

(UK, military, nautical) Initialism of Royal Navy.


MS

en-noun

MS (countable and uncountable, plural MSes)

(nautical) M/S: Initialism of motor ship.


RS

(nautical) Alternative form of R/S (“research ship”)


RR

(aviation, travel, dated) (from the status code used in the GDS) reconfirm / reconfirmed.


GR

(automotive, marketing, motor racing) Initialism of Gazoo Racing.: A performance brand, automotive label, and, racing division, of Toyota.


CS

(nautical, telecommunications) Initialism of cable ship.


buff

buff (countable and uncountable, plural buffs)

From buffe (“leather”), from Middle French buffle (“buffalo”).

(rail transport) Compressive coupler force that occurs during a slack bunched condition.


diesel

en-verb

diesel (third-person singular simple present diesels, present participle dieseling or dieselling, simple past and past participle dieseled or dieselled)

diesels (present singular third-person)
dieseling (participle present)
dieselling (participle present)
dieseled (participle past)
dieseled (past)
dieselled (participle past)
dieselled (past)

From German Diesel, named after inventor Rudolf Diesel, who developed a heavy-duty engine in Germany (1892–1897) and perfected it throughout his life.

The only reason the VW bug has a solenoid is to prevent it from dieseling.

(automotive) For a spark-ignition internal combustion engine to continue running after the electrical current to the spark plugs has been turned off. This occurs when there's enough heat in the combustion chamber to ignite the air and fuel mixture without a spark, the same way that heat and pressure cause ignition in a diesel engine.


BS

(automotive) Bridgestone, a tire company.


overweight

en-adj

overweight (comparative more overweight, superlative most overweight)

more overweight (comparative)
most overweight (superlative)

/ˌəʊvəˈweɪt/

All States allow oversized vehicles if a special permit is obtained, although most States will grant overweight permits only for non-divisible loads.

1988, U.S. Congress, Office of Technology Assessment, Gearing Up for Safety: Motor Carrier Safety in a Competitive Environment, →ISBN, page 38:

He got as far as the first weigh station, where troopers found his truck to be overweight and threatened to pull him off the road.

1993, Legacy in the Sand: Chemical Command in Operations Desert Shield & Desert Storm, →ISBN, page 74:

The records did not reveal any previous encounters with severe turbulence. The three major alterations/repairs involving the wing were either far outboard of the strut wing station, or were performed on the right wing. Two overweight landings had been recorded since the aircraft was put into service with Evergreen. In both cases, an inspection of the airplane was accomplished in accordance with the Boeing Maintenance Manual.

1993 October 13, National Transportation Safety Board, “1.17.1 Maintenance Records”, in Aircraft Accident Report: In-Flight Engine Separation, Japan Airlines, Inc., Flight 46E, Boeing 747-121, N473EV, Anchorage, Alaska, March 31, 1993, archived from the original on 2022-06-17, page 26:

Postaccident examination of the vehicle indicated, for example, that the driver had not adequately maintained his logbook and that his vehicle had been overweight for travel in Indiana.

1999 July 26, National Transportation Safety Board, “Operator Actions”, in Railroad Accident Report: Collision of Northern Indiana Commuter Transportation District Train 102 With a Tractor-Trailer, Portage, Indiana, June 18, 1998, →ISBN, archived from the original on 2022-06-17, page 48:

(transport, law, of a vehicle) Weighing more than what is allowed for safety or legal commerce.

претоварен

of a vehicle, weighing more than is allowed


overweight

en-noun

overweight (countable and uncountable, plural overweights)

/ˌəʊvəˈweɪt/

[…] and shall pay not only the amount of the permit fee for overlength, overheight, overwidth or overweight as might be due, but an additional civil penalty of fifty dollars for the first offense, one hundred dollars for the second offense and one hundred fifty dollars for each additional offense; […]

1976, Acts of the Legislature, volume 1, Louisiana, page 445:

It is clear that a bird would certainly be grounded by overweight if it retained eggs in the body and discharged them in large numbers at one time, like a turtle[.]

1985, J.D. McDonald, Australian Birds: A Popular Guide to Bird Life, Sydney: Reed Books, page 66:

(uncountable, chiefly transport, law) An excess of weight.


SL

SL (countable and uncountable, plural SLs)

Coordinate term: (launch) ML

(nautical, maritime) Initialism of steam launch.


TB

TB (countable and uncountable, plural TBs)

(military, nautical) Initialism of torpedo boat.


NS

(rail transport) Norfolk Southern (Railroad)

(rail transport) Initialism of Nederlandse Spoorwegen. (Dutch Railways)


chain

From Middle English cheyne, chaine, from Old French chaine, chaene (“chain”), from Latin catēna (“chain”), from Proto-Indo-European *kat- (“to braid, twist; hut, shed”). Doublet of catena.

der

a chain is only as strong as its weakest link

(nautical, in the plural) Iron links bolted to the side of a vessel to bold the dead-eyes connected with the shrouds; also, the channels.


CA

en-noun

CA (countable and uncountable, plural CAs)

(US, nautical) Initialism of armored cruiser, a type of warship

(US, nautical) Initialism of heavy cruiser, a variant of the cruiser type of warship


car

→ French: car

→ Russian: кар (kar)

⇒ Sanskrit: कारयान (kārayāna)

→ Japanese: カー

Inherited from Middle English carre, borrowed from Anglo-Norman carre, from Old Northern French (compare Old French char), from Latin carrus (“two-wheeled baggage wagon”), from Gaulish *karros, from Proto-Celtic *karros (“wagon”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱr̥sós (“vehicle”). Doublet of horse.

der

The conductor coupled the cars to the locomotive.

(rail transport, chiefly Canada, US) An unpowered unit in a railroad train, used to hold either passengers or cargo.

The 11:10 to London was operated by a 4-car diesel multiple unit.

(rail transport) an individual vehicle, powered or unpowered, in a multiple unit.

From the frontmost car of the subway, he filmed the progress through the tunnel.

(rail transport) A passenger-carrying unit in a subway or elevated train, whether powered or not.

en:passenger-carrying unit in a subway or elevated train, whether powered or not

On boats 25 feet or more, it is best to mount a mast car and track on the front of the mast so you can adjust the height of the pole above the deck

1995, Ken Textor, The New Book of Sail Trim, →ISBN, page 201:

(sailing) A sliding fitting that runs along a track.


hole

→ Japanese: ホール (hōru)

→ Korean: 홀 (hol)

Sranan Tongo: olo

Inherited from Middle English hole, hol, from Old English hol (“orifice, hollow place, cavity”), from Proto-West Germanic *hol, from Proto-Germanic *hulą (“hollow space, cavity”), noun derivative of Proto-Germanic *hulaz (“hollow”), which is of uncertain ultimate origin. Related to hollow.

отвор

orifice (see anus etc. for specific body cavities)

know one's ass from a hole in the ground

know one's head from a hole in the ground

know the difference between one's ass and a hole in the ground

We’re supposed to take the hole at Cronk and wait for the Limited to pass.

(slang, rail transport) A passing loop; a siding provided for trains traveling in opposite directions on a single-track line to pass each other.


gripe

en-verb

gripe (third-person singular simple present gripes, present participle griping, simple past griped or (obsolete) grope, past participle griped or (obsolete) gripen)

gripes (present singular third-person)
griping (participle present)
griped (past)
grope (obsolete past)
griped (participle past)
gripen (obsolete participle past)

From Middle English gripen, from Old English grīpan, from Proto-Germanic *grīpaną, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰreyb- (“to grab, grasp”). Cognate with West Frisian gripe, Low German griepen, Dutch grijpen, German greifen, Danish gribe, Swedish gripa. See also grip, grope.

der

(nautical) To tend to come up into the wind, as a ship which, when sailing close-hauled, requires constant labour at the helm.


gripe

(nautical) A wire rope, often used on davits and other life raft launching systems.

(nautical) The piece of timber that terminates the keel at the fore end; the forefoot.

(nautical) The compass or sharpness of a ship's stern under the water, having a tendency to make her keep a good wind.

(nautical) An assemblage of ropes, dead-eyes, and hocks, fastened to ringbolts in the deck, to secure the boats when hoisted.


jump

Brill Publishers
hydraulic jump
jump cut
jump discontinuity
jump instruction

From Middle English jumpen (“to walk quickly, run, jump”), probably of Middle Low German or North Germanic origin, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *gumpōną ~ *gumbōną (“to hop, skip, jump”), an iterative verb. The OED suggests an imitative origin. Others have connected it to Ancient Greek ἀθεμβούσα (athemboúsa, “uninhibited”), which is unlikely. Related to jumble. In the sense “to propel oneself” it displaced leap partially and spring largely.
Cognates
Cognate with Middle Dutch gumpen (“to jump”), Low German jumpen (“to jump”), Middle High German gumpen, gampen (“to jump, hop”) (dialectal German gampen, Alemannic German gumpe, Walser dialect kumpu), Old Norse goppa (“to jump”) Danish gumpe (“to jolt”), Swedish gumpa (“to jump”), Danish gimpe (“to move up and down”), Middle English jumpren, jumbren (“to mix, jumble”).

onomatopoeic

imitative

قَفْزَة

instance of propelling oneself into the air — see also leap

My car won't start. Could you give me a jump?

(US, informal, automotive) Short for jump-start.


hand

en-verb

hand (third-person singular simple present hands, present participle handing, simple past and past participle handed)

hands (present singular third-person)
handing (participle present)
handed (participle past)
handed (past)

From Middle English handen, honden, from the noun (see above); and also from henden (> English hend), from Old English *hendan, ġehendan (“to seize by hand, grasp, hold”), from Proto-West Germanic *handijan, from Proto-Germanic *handijaną (“to take by hand, grasp”), from the noun (see above). Cognate with Old Frisian handa, henda (“to grasp, seize”), Middle Low German handen, henden (in derivatives), Dutch handen, henden (“to arrange, dispose, be handy”), Dutch overhandigen (“to hand, hand over”), Middle High German handen (“to cut, hew”), Middle High German henden (“to give hands to; take hold of, seize”), Old Norse henda (“to grasp, seize, take by hand”).

cog

send the people up to hand the sail, and when up, before they goon the yard, I'll clap the rolling tackle on to steady it

1814, John Hamilton Moore, “Examination of a Young Sea Officer”, in The new practical navigator, nineteenth edition:

In the very long run from the west side of America to Guam, among the Philippine Islands, ships seldom have occasion to hand their sails, so equal and steady is the gale, and yet they make it in about 60 days, which could not be if the wind blew only in the afternoon.

1834 [1756 November 4], Benjamin Franklin, “Observations in answer to the foregoing.”, in Memoirs of Benjamin Franklin, volume II, Philadelphia: McCarty & Davis, →OCLC, page 344, column 1:

(transitive, nautical) To furl (a sail).


room

en-noun

room (countable and uncountable, plural rooms)

→ Japanese: ルーム (rūmu)

→ Kikuyu: rumu

→ Maori: rūma

Etymology tree
Proto-West Germanic *rūm
Old English rūm
Middle English roum
English room
From Middle English roum, from Old English rūm (“room, space”), from Proto-West Germanic *rūm (“room”), from Proto-Germanic *rūmą (“room”), from Proto-Indo-European *rewh₁- (“free space”).
Cognate with Low German Ruum, Dutch ruimte (“space”) and Dutch ruim (“cargo load”), German Raum (“space, interior space”), Danish rum (“space, locality”), Norwegian rom (“space”), Swedish rum (“space, location”), and also with Latin rūs (“country, field, farm”) through Indo-European. More at rural.
In the standard language, it is ostensibly an exception to the Great Vowel Shift, which otherwise would have produced the pronunciation /ɹaʊm/, but /aʊ/ does not occur before noncoronal consonants in standard Modern English native vocabulary. The pronunciation /ɹaʊm/ does occur in, for example, Lancashire.

inh

rum (/ɹʊm/) (without the foot-strut split)

nervous as a long-tailed cat in a room full of rocking chairs

(nautical) A space between the timbers of a ship's frame.


room

en-adv

room (comparative more room, superlative most room)

more room (comparative)
most room (superlative)

From Middle English rome, from Old English rūme (“widely, spaciously, roomily, far and wide, so as to extend over a wide space, liberally, extensively, amply, abundantly, in a high degree, without restriction or encumbrance, without the pressure of care, light-heartedly, without obstruction, plainly, clearly, in detail”). Cognate with Dutch ruim (“amply”, adverb).


rat

From Middle English ratten, further etymology unknown. Compare Middle Low German retten (“to tear, tear up”), Middle High German ratzen (“to scratch; rasp; tear”). Could be related to write. See also rit.

cog

(nautical, regional) A place in the sea with rapid currents and crags where a ship is likely to be torn apart in stormy weather.


mother

Australian Kriol: motha

→ Japanese: マザー (mazā)

→ Korean: 마더 (madeo)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *méh₂tēr
Proto-Germanic *mōdēr
Proto-West Germanic *mōder
Old English mōdor
Middle English moder
English mother
From Middle English moder, from Old English mōdor, from Proto-West Germanic *mōder, from Proto-Germanic *mōdēr, from Proto-Indo-European *méh₂tēr. Doublet of Madeira, mata, mater, matrix, and matter.
Some have proposed that the "dregs" sense is from Middle Dutch modder (“filth”), from Proto-Germanic *muþraz (“sediment”), but modder is not known in this meaning. On the other hand, words for "mother" have developed the secondary sense of "dregs" in several Romance and Germanic languages; compare Dutch moer, French mère de vinaigre, German Essigmutter, Italian madre, Medieval Latin māter, and Spanish madre.

ан

female (human) who parents a child, gives birth to a baby, or is pregnant

metro-

of or pertaining to the mother, such as metropolis

my very educated mother just served us nachos

my very educated mother just served us nine pizzas

my very educated mother just served us nine pumpkins

my very educated mother just served us noodles

my very excellent mother just served us nine pizzas

(rail transport) A locomotive which provides electrical power for a slug.


clause

en-verb

clause (third-person singular simple present clauses, present participle clausing, simple past and past participle claused)

clauses (present singular third-person)
clausing (participle present)
claused (participle past)
claused (past)

From Middle English clause, claus, borrowed from Old French clause, from Medieval Latin clausa (Latin diminutive clausula (“close, end; a clause, close of a period”)), from Latin clausus, past participle of claudere (“to shut, close”). See close, its doublet.

The question of clausing the bills of lading, so as to avoid "dirtying", which impairs its negotiability, may also be looked into

1970, Asian-African Legal Consultative Committee, Report of the session, number 11:

Any attempt to clause a Bill of Lading will be strenuously resisted by shippers, and they will obtain clean bills in the usual ways

1978, Samir Mankabady, The Hamburg rules on the carriage of goods by sea, page 215:

It was held that the bills of lading presented were in this case 'clean' as they contained no reservations by way of endorsement, clausing or otherwise to suggest that the goods were defective

1990, Alan Mitchelhill, Bills of lading: law and practice:

There is little authority in English law dealing with the liability of a carrier who unnecessarily clauses a bill of lading.

2004, Martin Dockra with Katherine Reece Thomas, Cases & materials on the carriage of goods by sea, page 104:

(transitive, shipping) To amend (a bill of lading or similar document).


gun

Sranan Tongo: gon

From Middle English gunne, gonne, possibly from Gunnhild, a female given name formerly used as a nickname for engines of war. The name is composed of the Norse elements gunnr and hildr, both meaning "battle".

is that a gun in your pocket or are you just pleased to see me

you get more with a kind word and a gun than you do with a kind word alone

(nautical, in the plural) Violent blasts of wind.


wing

From Middle English winge, wenge, from Old Norse vængr ("wing of a flying animal, wing of a building"; compare vængi (“ship's cabin”)), from Proto-Germanic *wēingijaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂weh₁- (“to blow”), thus related to wind. Cognate with Danish vinge (“wing”), Swedish vinge (“wing”), Icelandic vængur (“wing”).
Replaced native Middle English fither (from Old English fiþre, from Proto-Germanic *fiþriją), which merged with Middle English fether (from Old English feþer, from Proto-Germanic *feþrō). More at feather.

gl

"wing of a flying animal, wing of a building"; compare <i class="Latn mention" lang="non">vængi</i> (“ship's cabin”)

der

(nautical) A platform on either side of the bridge of a vessel, normally found in pairs.

their ends may rest a little below the orlop-wing gratings

1864, William M. Brady, The Kedge-anchor:

(nautical) That part of the hold or orlop of a vessel which is nearest the sides. In a fleet, one of the extremities when the ships are drawn up in line, or when forming the two sides of a triangle.


roach

Apparently from extended or figurative use of roach (“Cyprinidae”), above. Compare the adjective roached (“styled so that the mane stands up from the neck”).

(nautical) Sail material that forms a concave curve rather than straight leech (aft edge) of a sail to increase the sail area over that of a simple triangular sail.

allunamento

nautical: curve in the aft edge of a sail


grafting

(nautical) The act or method of weaving a cover for a ring, rope end, etc.


UTC

(travel, GDS) Initialism of unable to contact.


graft

en-verb

graft (third-person singular simple present grafts, present participle grafting, simple past and past participle grafted)

grafts (present singular third-person)
grafting (participle present)
grafted (participle past)
grafted (past)

From Middle English graffe, from Old French greffe (“stylus”), from Latin graphium (“stylus”), from Ancient Greek γραφείον (grapheíon), from γράφειν (gráphein, “to write”); probably akin to English carve. So named from the resemblance of a scion or shoot to a pointed pencil. Doublet of graphium. Compare graphic, grammar.

(transitive, nautical) To cover, as a ring bolt, block strap, splicing, etc., with a weaving of small cord or rope yarns.


chair

→ Assamese: চেয়াৰ (sear)

→ Bengali: চেয়ার (ceẏar)

desc

→ Odia: ଚେଆର୍ (ceār), ଚିୟାର୍ (ciyār), ଚିଆର (ciāra)

Tok Pisin: sea, sia

→ Tongan: sea

From Middle English chayer, chaire, chaiere, chaere, chayre, chayere, from Old French chaiere, chaere, from Latin cathedra (“seat”), from Ancient Greek καθέδρα (kathédra), from κατά (katá, “down”) + ἕδρα (hédra, “seat”). Displaced native stool and settle, which now have more specialised senses. Doublet of cathedra and chaise.

The wooden or steel keys used to secure bull-head rails in their chairs are usually driven in the direction of the traffic, so that the effects of rail-creep may be made use of to wedge the keys more firmly, rather than to encourage them to drop out.

1934 February, “The Why and The Wherefore: Chair-keys”, in Railway Magazine, page 139:

(rail transport) An iron block used on railways to support the rails and secure them to the sleepers, and similar devices.


slug

Nicoline van der Sijs
Slug (disambiguation)

Originally referred to a slow, lazy person, from Middle English slugge (“lazy person", also "slowth, slothfulness”), probably of either Old English or Old Norse origin; compare Norn slug (“lazy, slothful, sluggish”), dialectal Norwegian slugg (“a large, heavy body”), sluggje (“heavy, slow person”), Danish slog (“rascal, rogue”); perhaps ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sliǵ-ōn, from *sley- (“smooth; slick; sticky; slimy”) or otherwise from the root of Old Norse slókr (“lazy person, oaf”), whence Icelandic slókur (“laziness”). Compare also Dutch slak (“snail, slug”). Doublet of slotch.

inh

(rail transport) An accessory to a diesel-electric locomotive, used to increase adhesive weight and allow full power to be applied at a lower speed. It has trucks with traction motors, but lacks a prime mover, being powered by electricity from the mother locomotive, and may or may not have a control cab.


loco

A locomotive is, next to a marine engine, the most sensitive thing man ever made; and No. .007, besides being sensitive, was new. The red paint was hardly dry on his spotless bumper-bar, his headlight shone like a fireman’s helmet, and his cab might have been a hard-wood-finish parlour. They had run him into the round-house after his trial—he had said good-bye to his best friend in the shops, the overhead travelling-crane—the big world was just outside; and the other locos were taking stock of him.

1898, Rudyard Kipling, chapter .007, in The Day's Work, New York: Doubleday & McClure Co., page 243:

Small boys in 1963 could have traction engines with real steam coming out of the funnel, and Old Western locos had flashing lights, hooters and cow-pushers.

1971, Gwen White, Antique Toys And Their Background, page 94:

(rail transport, informal) A locomotive.


bee

Probably from Old English bēah (“ring”). Compare bow.

(nautical, usually in the plural) Any of the pieces of hard wood bolted to the sides of the bowsprit, to reeve the fore-topmast stays through.


to

From Middle English to, from Old English tō, from Proto-Germanic *tō ~ *ta, from Proto-Indo-European *de ~ *do (“to”). Cognate with Scots tae, to (“to”), North Frisian to, tö, tu (“to”), Saterland Frisian tou (“to”), Low German to (“to”), Dutch toe (“to”), German zu (“to”), West Frisian ta (“to”). Non-Germanic cognates include Albanian ndaj (“towards”), Irish do (“to, for”), Breton da (“to, for”), Welsh i (“to, for”), Russian до (do, “to”). Doublet of too.


fish

en-noun

fish (countable and uncountable, plural fish or fishes)

Sranan Tongo: fisi

→ Chinook Jargon: pish

→ Finnish: fisu

→ Zulu: ufishi

From Middle English fisch, from Old English fisċ (“fish”), from Proto-West Germanic *fisk, from Proto-Germanic *fiskaz (“fish”) (compare West Frisian fisk, Dutch vis, German Fisch, Danish fisk, Norwegian fisk, Swedish fisk, Icelandic fiskur), from Proto-Indo-European *peysk- (“fish”) (compare Irish iasc, Latin piscis).

a woman needs a man like a fish needs a bicycle

a woman without a man is like a fish without a bicycle

give a man a fish and you feed him for a day

teach a man to fish and you feed him for a lifetime

neither fish, flesh, nor good red herring

neither fish nor flesh, nor good red herring

the cat would eat fish but would not wet her feet

what does that have to do with the price of fish

(countable, nautical) A makeshift overlapping longitudinal brace, originally shaped roughly like a fish, used to temporarily repair or extend a spar or mast of a ship.

(nautical) A purchase used to fish the anchor.

The second and third fish went to the middle of her long superstructure and under her forward deck.

1977, Richard O'Kane, Clear the Bridge: The War Patrols of the U.S.S. Tang, Ballantine Books, published 2003, page 344:

As we came off patrol we had some torpedoes fired at us by an enemy submarine but we dived out of the way. About April 10 we fired our fish in two salvoes at a convoy.

1999, John Winton, The Submariners: Life in British Submarines 1901-1999, page 114:

(countable, nautical, military, slang) A torpedo (self-propelled explosive device).


fish

en-verb

fish (third-person singular simple present fishes, present participle fishing, simple past and past participle fished)

fishes (present singular third-person)
fishing (participle present)
fished (participle past)
fished (past)

From Old English fiscian, from Proto-West Germanic *fiskōn, from Proto-Germanic *fiskōną.

snoeken

when fishing for this particular kind of fish

[…] the crew were set to replacing and splicing the rigging and fishing the spars.

1970, James Henderson, The Frigates, an account of the lesser warships of the wars from 1793 to 1815, Wordsworth, published 1998, page 143:

(nautical, transitive) To repair (a spar or mast) by fastening a beam or other long object (often called a fish) over the damaged part (see Noun above).

Found that the cause of the ship's having drifted on the night of the 19th, was from the bight of the chain span (used to fish the anchor,) having slipped between the shank and upper fluke, thereby preventing the lower fluke from opening […]

1860, Accounts and Papers of the House of Commons, page 214:

(nautical, transitive) To hoist the flukes of.


entrance

en-noun

entrance (countable and uncountable, plural entrances)

From Middle French entrance (“entry”). Replaced native Middle English ingang (“entrance, admission”), from Old English ingang (“ingress, entry, entrance”).

cog

A coarse-lined ship, fig. 4, has an angle of entrance of about 40 deg., measured at the load-water line; while a fine-lined ship has only about half that angle.

1899, Practical Engineer - Volumes 19-20, page 197:

At low , say 9 knots for a 400-ft. ship, 60 deg. entrance angle (side to side) can be accepted.

1919, Shipbuilding and Shipping Record - Volume 13, page 667:

This bulb therefore creates a greater wave but has a higher form resistance as the waterlines have larger entrance angles.

2018, A. Marinò, V. Bucci, Technology and Science for the Ships of the Future, page 788:

(nautical) The angle which the bow of a vessel makes with the water at the water line.

She [the Albemarle] has a bold entrance, and clean run.

(nautical) The bow, or entire wedgelike forepart of a vessel, below the water line.


gangway

From Middle English gangway, from Old English gangweġ (“passageway; thoroughfare”), equivalent to gang + way. Related to Dutch gang (“hallway”) and Norwegian gang (“hallway”).

jet bridge

enclosed corridor between an airport and plane

(nautical) A passage along either side of a ship's upper deck.

(nautical) A passage through the side of a ship or an opening in the railing through which the ship may be boarded.

трап

nautical: passage through the side of a ship


beat

en-verb

beat (third-person singular simple present beats, present participle beating, simple past beat or (nonstandard) beated, past participle beaten or (colloquial) beat or (nonstandard) beated)

beats (present singular third-person)
beating (participle present)
beat (past)
beated (nonstandard past)
beaten (participle past)
beat (colloquial participle past)
beated (nonstandard participle past)
beat (infinitive)

From Middle English beten, from Old English bēatan (“to beat, pound, strike, lash, dash, thrust, hurt, injure”), from Proto-West Germanic *bautan, from Proto-Germanic *bautaną (“to push, strike”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰewd- (“to hit, strike”).
Compare Old Irish fo·botha (“he threatened”), Latin confutō (“I strike down”), fūstis (“stick, club”), Albanian bahe (“sling”), Lithuanian baudžiù, Old Armenian բութ (butʻ)).

der

it is easy to find a stick to beat a dog

(intransitive, nautical) To sail to windward using a series of alternate tacks across the wind.


touch

en-verb

touch (third-person singular simple present touches, present participle touching, simple past and past participle touched)

touches (present singular third-person)
touching (participle present)
touched (participle past)
touched (past)
touch (infinitive)

From Middle English touchen, tochen, from Old French tochier (“to touch”) (whence Modern French toucher; compare French doublet toquer (“to offend, bother, harass”)), from Vulgar Latin *tuccō (“to knock, strike, offend”), from Frankish *tukkōn (“to knock, strike, touch”), from Proto-Germanic *tukkōną (“to tug, grab, grasp”), from Proto-Indo-European *dewk- (“to draw, pull, lead”). Displaced native Middle English rinen, from Old English hrīnan (whence Modern English rine).
cognates
Cognate with Old High German zochhōn, zuhhōn (“to grasp, take, seize, snatch”) (whence German zucken (“to jerk, flinch”)), German Low German tucken, tocken (“to fidget, twitch, pull up, entice, throb, knock, repeatedly tap”), Middle Dutch tocken, tucken (“to touch, entice”) (whence Dutch tokkelen (“to strum, pluck”)), Old English tucian, tūcian (“to disturb, mistreat”) (whence Modern English tuck). Compare also Old High German tokkōn, tockōn (“to abut, collide”). Outside Germanic, cognate to Albanian cek (“to touch”), Old Church Slavonic тъкнѫти (tŭknǫti). More at tuck, take.

der

not touch something with a ten-foot pole

(nautical) To bring (a sail) so close to the wind that its weather leech shakes.

(intransitive, nautical) To be brought, as a sail, so close to the wind that its weather leech shakes.

to touch the wind

(nautical) To keep the ship as near (the wind) as possible.


highway

From Middle English heiȝwai, heiȝwei, from Old English hēahweġ (“main road, highway”), corresponding to high + way. Compare highgate, high street, high road.
Cognate with Scots heaway, heway, hieway, hichway, heichway (“highway”).

inh

(law, rail transport) Any public road for vehicular traffic.


snake

en-verb

snake (third-person singular simple present snakes, present participle snaking, simple past and past participle snaked)

snakes (present singular third-person)
snaking (participle present)
snaked (participle past)
snaked (past)

From Middle English snake, from Old English snaca (“snake, serpent, reptile”), from Proto-West Germanic *snakō (“snake”) (compare German Low German Snake, Snaak (“snake”), dialectal German Schnake (“adder”), Swedish snok (“grass snake”), Icelandic snákur (“snake”)), derived via Proto-Germanic *snakô from Proto-Germanic *snakaną (“to crawl”) (compare Old High German snahhan), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)neg- (“to crawl; a creeping thing”). Cognate with Sanskrit नाग (nāgá, “snake”)). Doublet of nāga.

der

(nautical) To wind round spirally, as a large rope with a smaller, or with cord, the small rope lying in the spaces between the strands of the large one; to worm.


blown

From Middle English blawen, from Old English blāƿen, blāwen, past participle of Old English blāwan.
Morphologically blow + -n.

Coordinate term: turbocharged