cataphract

The adjective is derived from Ancient Greek κατάφρακτος (katáphraktos, “covered, enclosed, shut up; completely suited in armour”), from καταφράσσειν (kataphrássein, “to suit in armour”) (see further at etymology 1) + -τος (-tos, “suffix forming adjectives”).
The noun is derived from Latin cataphractus (“wearing armour, mailed”), from Ancient Greek κατάφρακτος (katáphraktos, “covered, enclosed, shut up; completely suited in armour”); see above.

der

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-cataphract.wav

And first we must call attention to the fact that two classes of vessels appear to have been employed, distinguished by the name of "Aphract," unfenced, or "Cataphract," fenced, according as the rowers of the upper tier were protected or exposed. Both classes were decked and floored, but the "Aphract" class carried their decks and flooring lower than the "Cataphract," so that in them the rowers of the upper tier were visible above the side of the vessel; [...] [F]rom the time of the invention by the Thasians of this system, all the larger vessels of war used by both Greeks and Romans were Cataphract. In the Cataphract trireme, the space allowed for each oarsman was, according to [B.] Graser, eight square feet per man, and this proportion was observed in the larger vessels up to the octireme.

1876 April 7, Edmond Warre, “Ancient Naval Tactics. Part I.”, in Journal of the Royal United Service Institution, Whitehall Yard, volume XX, number LXXXVIII, London: W. Mitchell and Co., […], published 1877, →OCLC, pages 597–598:

The ancients either called these ships by their class name (a number plus the -eres root) or by a descriptive term "cataphract" (kataphraktos) which means something like "armored" or "fenced" in the sense of having reinforced decks and sides to protect the oarcrew from missiles and deck-fighting. Because "The Age of Titans" involved galleys whose signature feature was their larger than normal size, and because cataphract galleys could comprise small ships that were protected by extra planking, I frequently employ another term to describe these ships, namely, "big" or "large," from the Greek megala skaphe and its variants megalai nees (big ships) and megista skaphe (biggest ships).

2012, William M. Murray, “Introduction: Understanding the Big Ship Phenomenon”, in The Age of Titans: The Rise and Fall of the Great Hellenistic Navies (Onassis Series in Hellenic Culture), Oxford, Oxfordshire, New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, →ISBN:

(nautical, historical) Of a galley such as a trireme: with the upper tier of rowers shielded rather than exposed.


bale

en-verb

bale (third-person singular simple present bales, present participle baling, simple past and past participle baled)

bales (present singular third-person)
baling (participle present)
baled (participle past)
baled (past)

(British, nautical) To remove water from a boat with buckets etc.


deck

From Middle English dekke, borrowed from Middle Dutch dec (“roof, covering”), from Middle Dutch decken, from Old Dutch thecken, from Proto-West Germanic *þakkjan, from Proto-Germanic *þakjaną. Formed the same: German Decke (“covering, blanket”). Doublet of thatch and thack.

rearrange the deck chairs on the Titanic

shuffle the chairs on the deck of the Titanic

to swab the deck

Carried somehow, somewhither, for some reason, on these surging floods, were these travelers,[…]. Even such a boat as the Mount Vernon offered a total deck space so cramped as to leave secrecy or privacy well out of the question, even had the motley and democratic assemblage of passengers been disposed to accord either.

1910, Emerson Hough, chapter II, in The Purchase Price: Or The Cause of Compromise, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:

(nautical) The floorlike covering of the horizontal sections, or compartments, of a ship. Small vessels have only one deck; larger ships have two or three decks.


gauge

en-noun

gauge (countable and uncountable, plural gauges)

From Middle English gauge, gaugen, from Anglo-Norman, Old Northern French gauger (compare Modern French jauger from Old French jaugier), from gauge (“gauging rod”), from Frankish *galga (“measuring rod, pole”), from Proto-Germanic *galgô (“pole, stake, cross”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰalgʰ-, *ǵʰalg- (“perch, long switch”). Cognate with Old High German galgo, Old Frisian galga, Old English ġealga (“cross-beam, gallows”), Old Norse galgi (“cross-beam, gallows”), Old Norse gelgja (“pole, perch”). Doublet of gallows.

cog

It was Locke who concisely won the argument for a standardised gauge of 4ft 8½ inches over Brunel's 7ft 0 ¼in preference. […] Today, over 60% of the world's railways use that gauge.

2023 August 23, David E Norris, “Joseph Locke: a railway injustice...”, in RAIL, number 990, page 57:

(rail transport) Ellipsis of track gauge.

(rail transport) Ellipsis of loading gauge.

A vessel has the weather gauge of another when on the windward side of it, and the lee gauge when on the lee side of it.

(nautical) Relative positions of two or more vessels with reference to the wind.

(nautical) The depth to which a vessel sinks in the water.


cape

en-verb

cape (third-person singular simple present capes, present participle caping, simple past and past participle caped)

capes (present singular third-person)
caping (participle present)
caped (participle past)
caped (past)

From French cape, from Old Occitan capa, from Late Latin cappa (“cape”). The second sense ("superhero") is metonymic from the fact that many superheroes wear capes. Likewise, the verb sense "defend, praise" alludes to the stereotypical depiction of superheroes wearing capes when they come to people's defense. (Compare caped crusader.) Doublet of capa and cappa.

The ship capes southwest by south.

(nautical) To head or point; to keep a course.


kedge

...and throw them into the boat, which, as there are no wharves, we usually kept anchored by a small kedge, or keelek, just outside of the surf.

1840, w:Richard Henry Dana Jr., w:Two Years Before the Mast:

The chaps who had gone off in the cutter had been equally spry with their job, bending on a stout hemp hawser through the ring of the kedge anchor, which they dropped some half a cable's length from the brig, bringing back the other end aboard, where it was put round the capstan on the forecastle.

1896, J.C. Hutcheson, Young Tom Bowling:

(nautical) A small anchor used for warping a vessel.


heave

heave (third-person singular simple present heaves, present participle heaving, simple past heaved or hove, past participle heaved or hove or hoven or heft)

heaves (present singular third-person)
heaving (participle present)
heaved (past)
hove (past)
heaved (participle past)
hove (participle past)
hoven (participle past)
heft (participle past)

→ Danish: hive

→ Faroese: hiva

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: hiva

→ Norwegian Bokmål: hive

→ Scanian: hyva

Hallandian: hiva

→ Swedish: hiva

Sudermannian: hyva

.
From Middle English heven, hebben, from Old English hebban, from Proto-West Germanic *habbjan, from Proto-Germanic *habjaną (“to take up, lift”), from Proto-Indo-European *kh₂pyéti, from the root *keh₂p-. See also have.
Cognates
Cognate with West Frisian heffe, Dutch heffen ("to raise", "to lift"), German heben ("to raise", "to lift"), Danish hæve ("to raise", "to lift"), Albanian kap (“I grasp, seize”), Old Irish cáin (“law, tribute”), cacht (“prisoner”), Latin capiō (“to take”), Latvian kàmpt (“to seize”), Ancient Greek κάπτω (káptō, “to gulp down”), κώπη (kṓpē, “handle”)).

cog

Heave up the anchor there, boys!

(transitive, nautical) To pull up with a rope or cable.

to heave the ship ahead

Pausing there I waited until the foremost Sagoth hove into sight.

1914 April 4–25, Edgar Rice Burroughs, “The Sly One”, in At the Earth’s Core, Chicago, Ill.: A[lexander] C[aldwell] McClurg & Co., published 1922, →OCLC, page 209:

(transitive, intransitive, nautical) To move in a certain direction or into a certain position or situation.


heave

(nautical) The measure of extent to which a nautical vessel goes up and down in a short period of time. Compare pitch.


beam

From Middle English beem, from Old English bēam (“tree, cross, gallows, column, pillar, wood, beam, splint, post, stock, rafter, piece of wood”), from Proto-West Germanic *baum, from Proto-Germanic *baumaz (“tree, beam, balk”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰew- (“to grow, swell”). Cognate with West Frisian beam (“tree”), Saterland Frisian Boom (“tree”), Dutch boom (“tree”), German Low German Boom (“tree”), German Baum (“tree”), Luxembourgish Bam (“tree”), Albanian bimë (“a plant”). Doublet of boom.
The original English meaning of beam ("tree") is preserved in some compound words such as quickbeam.
The verb is from Middle English bemen, from Old English bēamian (“to shine, to cast forth rays or beams of light”), from the noun.

inh

Capt. King, from Demarara, was invaded by the gale on the evening of the 6th, in lat. 21° 51', and his vessel was thrown on her beam ends. He was forced to cut away her main-mast. Lost a man, who was washed overboard.
. . .
Capt. Mood, on a voyage from Alexandria (Virginia), to St. Mary's (Georgia), was, on the night of the 7th, in the Gulf Stream, to the eastward of Charlston: the wind there was east-north-east, and so hard as to throw his vessel on her beam ends. She lay several hours in this situation. Several of his crew were washed overboard.

1805 Alexander Tilloch. Account of a terrible Hurricane in the West Indies 1804. Philosophical Magazine. Vol. XXI. P. 14

1808 Richard Hall Gower. On the Theory and Practice of Seamanship.
It often happens that by a sudden squall of wind a vessel is thrown over upon her beam ends, without a prospect of recovering her erect while she remains upon the same tack, therefore attempts are made to veer her; but as the rudder lies along the surface of the water it becomes useless, and as the sails are either blown from the yards, or become unmanageable, recourse is had to cutting away the main-mast and mizen-mast, that the ship may veer under the fore-mast:-a most desperate expedient, particularly if the ship is far distant from port!

(nautical) One of the transverse members of a ship's frame on which the decks are laid, and acting as part of the support for keeping the sides of the vessel in shape — supported at the sides by knees in wooden ships and by stringers in steel ones; cf. abeam, beam-ends.

This ship has more beam than that one.

Being only 280 ft. long, with a beam of 66 ft, their speed is moderate, and for a long time difficulty was experienced in steering them.

1892, Sydney Marow Eardley-Wilmot, The Development of Navies During the Last Half-Century, Chapter 7:

(nautical) The maximum width of a vessel (note that a vessel with a beam of 15 foot can also be said to be 15 foot abeam).

As the vessel passes a landmark, the landmark is said to be abeam. Once the vessel has passed the landmark, it falls abaft the beam, then it gradually falls astern.

(nautical) The direction across a vessel, perpendicular to fore-and-aft.

(nautical) The straight part or shank of an anchor.


bail

en-verb

bail (third-person singular simple present bails, present participle bailing, simple past and past participle bailed)

bails (present singular third-person)
bailing (participle present)
bailed (participle past)
bailed (past)

From Middle English baille, from the Old French verb bailler (“to deliver or hand over”) and noun bail (“lease”), from Latin bāiulāre, present active infinitive of bāiulō (“carry or bear”), from baiulus (“porter; steward”) (English: bailiff).

to bail water out of a boat

we had hard work to reach our haven, having to bail out the water with my straw hat.

November 4, 1857, Henry William Harper, letter to St. John

‘Bail out! bail out!’ yelled Job, ‘or we shall founder.’ I seized a large tin bowl with a handle to it, which was fixed under one of the seats, and the three of us bailed away for dear life.

1886 October – 1887 January, H[enry] Rider Haggard, She: A History of Adventure, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., published 1887, →OCLC:

(nautical, transitive, intransitive) To remove (water) from a boat by scooping it out.

to bail a boat

By the help of a small bucket and our hats we bailed her out.

1840, Richard Henry Dana Jr., Two Years Before the Mast, Chapter XVIII:

(nautical, transitive) To remove water from (a boat) by scooping it out.


drift

en-noun

drift (countable and uncountable, plural drifts)

From Middle English drift, dryft (“act of driving, drove, shower of rain or snow, impulse”), from Old English *drift (“drift”), from Proto-Germanic *driftiz (“drift”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰreybʰ- (“to drive, push”). Equivalent to drive + -t; cognate with North Frisian drift (“drift”), Saterland Frisian Drift (“current, flow, stream, drift”), Dutch drift (“drift, passion, urge”), German Drift (“drift”) and Trift (“drove, pasture”), Danish drift (“impulse, instinct”), Swedish drift (“impulse, instinct”), Icelandic drift (“drift, snow-drift”).

cog

The angle which the line of a ship's motion makes with the meridian, in drifting.

дрейф

The distance a vessel is carried off from her desired course by the wind, currents, or other causes.

дрейф

distance to which a vessel is carried off from her desired course by the wind, currents, or other causes

The place in a deep-waisted vessel where the sheer is raised and the rail is cut off, and usually terminated with a scroll, or driftpiece.

kupu

The distance between the two blocks of a tackle.

väkipyörien etäisyys

The difference between the size of a bolt and the hole into which it is driven, or between the circumference of a hoop and that of the mast on which it is to be driven.


drift

en-verb

drift (third-person singular simple present drifts, present participle drifting, simple past and past participle drifted)

drifts (present singular third-person)
drifting (participle present)
drifted (participle past)
drifted (past)

(automotive) To oversteer a vehicle, causing loss of traction, while maintaining control from entry to exit of a corner. See Drifting (motorsport).

driftata

to oversteer a vehicle, causing loss of traction


leach

From Middle English leche (“leachate; sluggish stream”), from Old English *lǣċ, *lǣċe (“muddy stream”), from Proto-Germanic *lēkijō (“a leak, drain, flow”)
(compare Proto-Germanic *lekaną (“to leak, drain”)), from Proto-Indo-European *leǵ- (“to leak”).
Cognate with Old English leċċan (“to water, moisten”), Old English lacu (“stream, pool, pond”). More at leak, lake.

cog

(nautical) Alternative spelling of leech.


pug

Origin unknown, possibly related to West Flemish pugge (“(adjective) small; (noun) short person; pet name derived from the first name Pugge”); though it is uncertain whether sense 1 (“senses relating to someone or something small”) and sense 2 (“senses relating to people”) are derived from the same source.
Sense 1.8 (“small demon”) was probably influenced by, though not a variant of, puck.

pentu

any of various animals, such as a ferret, hare, squirrel, or young salmon

Senses relating to someone or something small.

(rail transport) In full pug engine: a small locomotive chiefly used for shunting (“moving trains from one track to another, or carriages from one train to another”).

Dares […] [W]ilt thou neuer trauell? / Epi[ton]. Yes in a VVeſterne barge, vvhen vvith a good vvinde and luſtie pugges, one may goe ten miles in tvvo daies.

c. 1588 (date written; published 1591), [John Lyly], Endimion, the Man in the Moone. […], London: […] I[ohn] Charlewood, for the widdowe Broome, →OCLC, Act IV, scene ii, signature G, verso:

[E]uen the Weſterne Pugs receiuing mony here, haue tyed it in a bag at the end of their barge, and ſo trailed it through the Thames, leaſt pleague ſores ſticking vpon ſhillings, […]

1603, [Thomas Dekker], The Wonderfull Yeare. […], London: […] by [J. Browne, Nicholas Ling, and John Smethwick for?] Thomas Creede, […], →OCLC, signature F3, verso:

Puſh^([sic – meaning pish]); your VVeſterne pug [misprinted as png].

c. 1607–1610 (date written), Thomas Middleton; Thomas Dekker, The Roaring Girle. Or Moll Cut-purse. […], London: […] [Nicholas Okes] for Thomas Archer, […], published 1611, →OCLC, [Act IV], signature I3, recto:

Senses relating to people.
(obsolete)
(nautical) A bargeman.

[Ulysses] ty'd his deafen'd Sailors (vvhile he paſs'd / The dreadful Lady's Lodgings) to the Maſt, / And rather venture drovvning, than to vvrong / The Sea-pugs chaſte Ears vvith a bavvdy Song: […]

a. 1681 (date written), Samuel Butler, “Satyr”, in R[obert] Thyer, editor, The Genuine Remains in Verse and Prose of Mr. Samuel Butler, […], volume I, London: […] J[acob] and R[ichard] Tonson, […], published 1759, →OCLC, page 77, lines 143–146:

(nautical) A cabin boy, a shipboy or ship's boy.

Senses relating to people.
A cabin boy, a shipboy or ship's boy.


protect

en-verb

protect (third-person singular simple present protects, present participle protecting, simple past and past participle protected)

protects (present singular third-person)
protecting (participle present)
protected (participle past)
protected (past)

Attested in English since 1530, from Latin prōtēctus (“covered, protected”), past participle of prōtegere (“to cover the front, protect”) from prō, prō- (“before, in front of”) + tegere (“to cover”), see tegument. Displaced native Middle English shelden, from Old English sċildan (“to protect,” literally “to shield”).

affix

(travel, aviation) To book a passenger on a later flight if there is a chance they will not be able to board their earlier reserved flight.


fleet

From Middle English flete, flet (“fleet”), from Old English flēot (“ship”), likely related to Proto-West Germanic *flotōn, from Proto-Germanic *flutōną (“to float”).

List of collective nouns on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Appendix:Glossary of collective nouns by collective term

Despite the line proving to be a useful strategic route for men and supplies to the British naval fleets stationed at Scapa Flow in both world wars, the Duke's legacy looked to have passed into history when it was listed for closure in the infamous Beeching report.

2021 October 20, Paul Stephen, “Leisure and pleasure on the Far North Line”, in RAIL, number 942, page 48:

(nautical) A number of vessels in company, especially war vessels; also, the collective naval force of a country, etc.

(nautical, British Royal Navy) Any command of vessels exceeding a squadron in size, or a rear admiral's command, composed of five sail-of-the-line, with any number of smaller vessels.


fleet

From Middle English flete, flete (“bay, gulf”), from Old English flēot (“a bay, gulf, an arm of the sea, estuary, the mouth of a river”), from Proto-West Germanic *fleut, from Proto-Germanic *fleutą.
Cognate with Dutch vliet (“stream, river, creek, inlet”), German Fleet (“watercourse, canal”).

cog

(nautical) A location, as on a navigable river, where barges are secured.


fleet

en-verb

fleet (third-person singular simple present fleets, present participle fleeting, simple past and past participle fleeted)

fleets (present singular third-person)
fleeting (participle present)
fleeted (participle past)
fleeted (past)

From Middle English fleten (“float”), from Old English flēotan (“float”), from Proto-West Germanic *fleutan, from Proto-Germanic *fleutaną.

To fleet tackle when pennant block is used, the keeper, with a strap and heaver, racks both parts of hawser together near pennant block, and the tackle is then overhauled and hooked by the men assigned to those duties.

1899, Regulations for the Government of the Life-Saving Service of the United States:

(nautical) To move up a rope, so as to haul to more advantage; especially to draw apart the blocks of a tackle.

We got the long "stick" [...] down and "fleeted" aft, where it was secured.

1898, Frank T. Bullen, The Cruise of the "Cachalot":

(nautical, intransitive, of people) To move or change in position.

(nautical, obsolete) To shift the position of dead-eyes when the shrouds are become too long.


arrest

en-noun

arrest (countable and uncountable, plural arrests)

From Middle English arest (noun) and aresten (verb), from Old French areste (noun) and arester (“to stay, stop”, verb), from Vulgar Latin *arrestō, from Latin ad- (“to”) + restō (“to stop, remain behind, stay back”), from re- (“back”) + stō (“to stand”), from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand”), equivalent to ad- + rest. Compare French arrêter (“to stop”).

der

(nautical) The judicial detention of a ship to secure a financial claim against its operators.


reeve

en-verb

reeve (third-person singular simple present reeves, present participle reeving, simple past and past participle reeved or rove)

reeves (present singular third-person)
reeving (participle present)
reeved (participle past)
reeved (past)
rove (participle past)
rove (past)

Apparent alternative form of reef (“to pull or yank strongly”, verb) or from Dutch reven (“to take in, insert”).

"Let the rope go," he says. With his other hand he reaches down and reeves the two turns from the stanchion.

1930, William Faulkner, As I Lay Dying, Library of America, published 1985, page 98:

(nautical, dialect) To pass (a rope) through a hole or opening, especially so as to fasten it.


foul

en-adj

foul (comparative fouler, superlative foulest)

fouler (comparative)
foulest (superlative)

Inherited from Middle English foul, from Old English fūl (“foul, dirty, unclean, impure, vile, corrupt, rotten, stinking, guilty”), from Proto-West Germanic *fūl, from Proto-Germanic *fūlaz (“foul, rotten”), from Proto-Indo-European *puH- (“to rot”).
Cognate with Dutch vuil (“foul, dirty, filthy, obscene, lewd”), German faul (“foul, rotten, putrid, lazy”), German Low German fuul (“foul, rotten, putrid”), Faroese fúlur (“foul”), Icelandic fúll (“foul, rotten, sullen”), Danish ful (“nasty, ugly”), Norwegian Bokmål ful (“clever, sly”), Norwegian Bokmål ful (“clever, sly”) and Swedish ful (“ugly, dirty, bad”), and through Indo-European, with Albanian fëlliq (“to make dirty”), Latin puter (“rotten”). More at putrid.
Ancient Greek φαῦλος (phaûlos, “bad”) is a false cognate inasmuch as it is not from the same etymon, instead being cognate to few.

cog

We've got a foul anchor.

A rope could get foul while it is being paid out.

(nautical) Entangled and therefore restricting free movement, not clear.


foul

en-verb

foul (third-person singular simple present fouls, present participle fouling, simple past and past participle fouled)

fouls (present singular third-person)
fouling (participle present)
fouled (participle past)
fouled (past)

Inherited from Middle English foulen, fulen, from Old English fūlian (“to become foul; rot; decay”), from Proto-West Germanic *fūlēn, from Proto-Germanic *fūlāną (“to rot; decay”).

der

The kelp has fouled the prop.

The Indian's heart was sore for his boat; it looked as if nothing could save her. She was drifting more slowly now, her propeller fouled in kelp.

1941, Emily Carr, chapter 18, in Klee Wyck:


priority

en-noun

priority (countable and uncountable, plural priorities)

/pɹaɪˈɒɹɪti/

/pɹaɪˈɔɹɪti/

From Old French priorite, from Latin priōritās.
Surface analysis: prior + -ity.

(transport) Right of way; The right to pass (an intersection) before other road users.


overreach

en-verb

overreach (third-person singular simple present overreaches, present participle overreaching, simple past and past participle overreached or (obsolete) overraught)

overreaches (present singular third-person)
overreaching (participle present)
overreached (participle past)
overreached (past)
overraught (obsolete participle past)
overraught (obsolete past)

/ˌəʊvəˈɹiːt͡ʃ/

/ˌoʊvə(ɹ)ˈɹit͡ʃ/

The verb is from Middle English overrechen (“to rise above; to extend beyond or over; to encroach; to catch, overtake; to reach; to obtain wrongfully (?); to take up (a book) to revise it”) [and other forms], equivalent to over- + reach; the noun is derived from the verb or from the phrase to reach over.

nb...

overreche, overreiche, (Northern England) overreke

أَنَافَ

to reach above or beyond, especially to an excessive degree

Where a sail vessel close hauled and a steam vessel approach so as to involve risk of collision, the rule requiring the sail vessel to keep her course requires her to beat out her tack. [...] She is not required to tack short on signal from the steam vessel when there is danger in so doing, nor need she remain in stays or overreach longer than usual when such measures are not apparently necessary to avoid a collision.

1903, “Ships and Shipping”, in David S. Garland and Lucius P. McGehee, under the supervision of James Cockcroft, editors, The American and English Encyclopædia of Law, 2nd edition, volume XXV, Northport, Long Island, N.Y.: Edward Thompson Company; London: C. D. Cazenove and Son, […], →OCLC, paragraph 5 (Duty of Sail Vessel to Beat Out Her Tack), page 922:

(intransitive, nautical) To sail on one tack farther than is necessary.


yoke

From Middle English yok, yoke, ȝok from Old English ġeoc (“yoke”), from Proto-Germanic *juką (“yoke”), from Proto-Indo-European *yugóm (“yoke”), from *yewg- (“to join; to tie together, yoke”). Doublet of yuga, jugum, yoga and possibly yogh.
Senses 3.1 (“area of arable land”) and 3.2 (“amount of work done with draught animals”) probably referred to the area of land that could generally be ploughed by yoked draught animals within a given time.

poikkipuu

linking or supporting object that resembles a yoke

sauva

device with crosspieces used to control an aircraft

iugum

unit of land area notionally equivalent to the area a team of yoked draft animals can work in a day

A light whale-boat, handsomely painted, and fitted out with stern seats, yoke, tiller-ropes, &c. hung on the starboard quarter, and was used as the gig. […] The bow-man had charge of the boat-hook and painter, and the coxswain of the rudder, yoke, and stern-sheets.

1840, R[ichard] H[enry] D[ana], Jr., chapter XXIII, in Two Years before the Mast. […] (Harper’s Family Library; no. CVI), New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers […], →OCLC, page 237:

Senses relating to a frame around the neck.

Any of various linking or supporting objects that resembles a yoke (sense 1.1); a crosspiece, a curved bar, etc.

(nautical) A fitting placed across the head of the rudder with a line attached at each end by which a boat may be steered; in modern use it is primarily found in sailing canoes and kayaks.


reefer

Her reefer cap was all on one side and on her cheek there was the print of an anchor button she had pressed on while sleeping.

1922, Katherine Mansfield, “Prelude”, in Selected Stories, Oxford, published 2002, page 85:

The mess table, at which the reefers and mates made merry, was fixed in the middle of the berth.

1905, John Masefield, Sea Life in Nelson's Times, page 27:

(nautical) Someone who reefs sails, especially a midshipman.


reefer

(rail transport, US) a refrigerator car (type of boxcar).


gather

en-verb

gather (third-person singular simple present gathers, present participle gathering, simple past and past participle gathered)

gathers (present singular third-person)
gathering (participle present)
gathered (participle past)
gathered (past)

From Middle English gaderen, from Old English gaderian (“to gather, assemble”), from Proto-West Germanic *gadurōn (“to bring together, unite, gather”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰedʰ- (“to unite, assemble, keep”).

der

to gather the slack of a rope

To bring parts of a whole closer.
(nautical) To haul in; to take up.

To bring parts of a whole closer.
To haul in; to take up.


core

non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger

(automotive, machinery, aviation, marine) A deposit paid by the purchaser of a rebuilt part, to be refunded on return of a used, rebuildable part, or the returned rebuildable part itself.


cradle

From Middle English cradel, credel, from Old English cradol, from Proto-West Germanic *kradul, from Proto-Germanic *kradulaz, from Proto-Germanic *kradô (“(wicker) basket”). Related to cart.

the hand that rocks the cradle rules the world

The cradle was ill-made. One victim fell into the sea and was lost and the ensuing delay cost three more lives.

(nautical) A basket or apparatus in which, when a line has been made fast to a wrecked ship from the shore, the people are brought off from the wreck.

pelastustuoli

basket or apparatus in which people are brought off from a wreck


spectacle

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Mélange a trois-spectacle.wav

From Middle English spectacle, from Middle French spectacle, from Latin spectāculum (“a show, spectacle”), from spectō (“to see, behold”), frequentative of speciō (“to see”). See species. Doublet of spectaculum.

(rail transport) A frame with different coloured lenses on a semaphore signal through which light from a lamp shines at night, often a part of the signal arm.


fake

From Middle English faken (“to coil a rope”).

(nautical) One of the circles or windings of a cable or hawser, as it lies in a coil; a single turn or coil.


fake

en-verb

fake (third-person singular simple present fakes, present participle faking, simple past and past participle faked)

fakes (present singular third-person)
faking (participle present)
faked (participle past)
faked (past)

(nautical) To coil (a rope, line, or hawser), by winding alternately in opposite directions, in layers usually of zigzag or figure of eight form, to prevent twisting when running out.


superstructure

en-noun

superstructure (countable and uncountable, plural superstructures)

(nautical) Any structure built above the top full deck (FM 55-501).


unlay

en-verb

unlay (third-person singular simple present unlays, present participle unlaying, simple past and past participle unlaid)

unlays (present singular third-person)
unlaying (participle present)
unlaid (participle past)
unlaid (past)

to unlay a rope


splice

Circa 1525, borrowed from Middle Dutch splissen (Modern Dutch splitsen); akin to Middle Dutch splitten (“to split”), German spleißen (“to split, splice”), Spliss (“split ends, hair breakage”), French épisser (also from Dutch). The Dutch word originally referred only to the fraying of the ropes' ends but was then also used for the entire process of fraying and retying; hence the peculiar semantic development from “split” to “join”. The same development occurred in German.

(nautical) A junction or joining of ropes made by splicing them together.


unbend

unbend (third-person singular simple present unbends, present participle unbending, simple past and past participle unbent or (archaic) unbended)

unbends (present singular third-person)
unbending (participle present)
unbent (participle past)
unbent (past)
unbended (archaic participle past)
unbended (archaic past)

From Middle English unbenden, equivalent to un- + bend.

(nautical) To unfasten sails from the spars or stays to which are attached for use.


reef

From Middle English reef, from Old Norse rif, Middle Dutch rif, rēve, and/or Middle Low German ref. Possibly a figurative use of the word for “rib” in etymology 1 above, in which case all forms must, again, be borrowings from Old Norse. Alternatively it may be a different word related to Old English rift (“curtain, veil”), ārāfian (“to uncoil, wind off”).

They sailed as if they were stark mad; they never took in a reef in the sail, and when the seas filled the boat, they sailed her up on the back of a wave till she stood nearly on end, the water rushing out over her stern as out of a spout.

1886, Peter Christen Asbjørnsen, translated by H.L. Brækstad, Folk and Fairy Tales, page 49:

(nautical) A portion of a sail rolled and tied down to lessen the area exposed in a high wind.

риф

arrangement to reduce the area of a sail


reef

reef (third-person singular simple present reefs, present participle reefing, simple past and past participle reefed)

reefs (present singular third-person)
reefing (participle present)
reefed (participle past)
reefed (past)

"When the day arrived that the boy was to be skipper, the weather was calm and fine, but he called all men to reef sails, so the ship had scarcely any sail on her."

1886, Peter Christen Asbjørnsen, translated by H.L. Brækstad, Folk and Fairy Tales, page 188:

1970 July–December, Margaret Quilty, Roller Reefing Made Easy, Boating, page 63,
Be sure the blocks are securely mounted—they carry a fairish load when the sail is reefed.
If both reefing line and main halyard are led to the cockpit, even singlehanded reefing is a breeze.

Mains are made smaller by reefing. This can be done by rolling up the sail around the boom, or by the more traditional method of tying down a panel along the foot.

1995, David Seidman, The Complete Sailor: Learning the Art of Sailing, page 104:

The reefing system for a mainsail must be designed to operate efficiently under adverse conditions and to provide proper sail shape when reefed.

2004, Charlie Wing, How Boat Things Work, page 108:

(nautical) To take in part of a sail in order to adapt the size of the sail to the force of the wind.

Reef the paddles.

(nautical, of paddles) To move the floats of a paddle wheel toward its center so that they will not dip so deeply.


shroud

From Middle English shroud, from Old English sċrūd, from Proto-Germanic *skrūdą. Cognate with Old Norse skrúð (“the shrouds of a ship”) ( > Danish, Norwegian skrud (“splendid attire”)).

cog

Then - a shock of water, a wild rush of boiling foam, and I was clinging for my life to the shroud, ay, swept straight out from it like a flag in a gale.

1886 October – 1887 January, H[enry] Rider Haggard, She: A History of Adventure, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., published 1887, →OCLC:

(nautical) One of a set of ropes or cables (rigging) attaching a mast to the sides of a vessel or to another anchor point, serving to support the mast sideways; such rigging collectively.


prize

From Middle English prise, from Old French prise (“a taking, capture, a seizure, a thing seized, a prize, booty, also hold, purchase”), past participle of prendre (“to take, to capture”), from Latin prēndere (“to take, seize”); see prehend. Compare prison, apprise, comprise, enterprise, purprise, reprisal, surprise, etc.

der

Having taken all the Treasure on Board their own Ships, and plundered their Prize of every Thing elſe they either wanted or liked, they let her go; ſhe not being able to continue her Voyage, returned back: […]

1724, Charles Johnson [pseudonym], “Of Captain Avery, and His Crew”, in A General History of the Pyrates, […], 2nd edition, London: Printed for, and sold by T. Warner, […], →OCLC, page 51:

(military, nautical) Anything captured by a belligerent using the rights of war; especially, property captured at sea in virtue of the rights of war, as a vessel.

غَنِيمَة

anything captured using the rights of war


tally

en-verb

tally (third-person singular simple present tallies, present participle tallying, simple past and past participle tallied)

tallies (present singular third-person)
tallying (participle present)
tallied (participle past)
tallied (past)

(US)

From Middle English talien, from the noun (see above). Also from Medieval Latin taliare.

I loaded a cargo of potatoes in Dublin, for Bangor and Caernarvon, all in bags, for three different parties—viz. 13 tons delivered at Bangor, which was tallied in and out; remainder to Caernarvon, and was not tallied in, but tallied out.

1873 August, William Mitchell, “Shipping and mercantile gazette correspondence”, in The Nautical Magazine, page 697:

(nautical) To check off, as parcels of freight going inboard or outboard.


splay

PIE word
 *dwís
The verb is derived from Middle English splaien, splayen (“to display; to spread out, unfurl (a flag, etc.); (cooking) to cut open (a fish) lengthwise and lay it open; (figurative) to appear; to spread”), an aphetic form of Middle English displaien, displayen (“to display”): see display.
The adjective and adverb are derived from the verb, or from splayfoot (noun) or splayfooted (adjective). The noun is derived from the verb.

visibility splay

A widening of a minor road where it forms a junction with a major road to ensure that the view of traffic on the major road by drivers on the minor road is not obstructed.

levenemä

The view to the left or right which a driver on a minor road has of traffic on the major road; also, a plan showing this.

sivuttainen näkyvyys

view to the left or right which a driver on a minor road has of traffic on the major road; plan showing this


swipe

swipe (third-person singular simple present swipes, present participle swiping, simple past and past participle swiped)

swipes (present singular third-person)
swiping (participle present)
swiped (participle past)
swiped (past)

From earlier swip (with a short vowel), from Middle English swippen, swipen (“to move violently”), from Old English swipian, sweopian, swippan (“to scourge, strike, beat, lash”), from Proto-West Germanic *swippjan, *swipōn, *swipēn, from Proto-Germanic *swipōną, *swipjaną, *swipāną (“to move”), from Proto-Indo-European *sweyb- (“to bend, turn, swerve, sway, swing, sweep”). Cognate with German schwippen (“to whip”), Danish svippe (“to smack; crack a whip”), Icelandic svipa (“to whip; move swiftly”). Related to sweep, swoop.


release

en-noun

release (countable and uncountable, plural releases)

From Middle English relesen, relessen, from Old French relaisser (variant of relascher).

отцепване

a device adapted to hold or release a device or mechanism as required

(railways, historical) In the block system, a printed card conveying information and instructions to be used at intermediate sidings without telegraphic stations.


peak

→ Russian: пик (pik) (in час пик (čas pik))

From earlier peake, peek, peke, from Middle English pek (in place names), itself an alteration of pike, pyke, pyk (“a sharp point, pike”), from Old English pīc, piic (“a pike, needle, pin, peak, pinnacle”), from Proto-Germanic *pīkaz (“peak”). Cognate with Dutch piek (“pike, point, summit, peak”), Danish pik (“pike, peak”), Swedish pik (“pike, lance, point, peak”), Norwegian pik (“peak, summit”). More at pike.

cog

peak-halyards

peak-brails

(nautical) The upper aftermost corner of a fore-and-aft sail.

(nautical) The narrow part of a vessel's bow, or the hold within it.

(nautical) The extremity of an anchor fluke; the bill.


peak

en-verb

peak (third-person singular simple present peaks, present participle peaking, simple past and past participle peaked)

peaks (present singular third-person)
peaking (participle present)
peaked (participle past)
peaked (past)

(transitive, nautical) To raise the point of (a gaff) closer to perpendicular.


whaler

without the wine–whine merger, non-rhotic

Composed of whale + -er. In sense 1, displaced Old English hwælhunta (literally “whale hunter”).

ncog

But o' Thursday t' Resolution, first whaler back this season, came in port.

1863, Elizabeth Cleghorn Gaskell, Sylvia's Lovers, section V:

Making myself at home with him, I desired to know what brought him so far from the "big smoke," and on board a whaler of all places in the world.

1898, Frank Thomas Bullen, The Cruise of the Cachalot:

The log of the Emily Morgan, an American whaler that visited Guam many times, described Spanish control:[…].

1995, Robert F. Rogers, Destiny's Landfall: A History of Guam, page 98:

But the Golden Lion was ambushed by a Naval frigate thinking that a whaler's crew would be useful pressed men. The whaler 's crew didn't agree, and there was a bloody skirmish on shore between the press gang and the crew of the Golden Lion which caused such a scandal that from then on whalers ' men were exempt from conscription.

2001, Arabella McIntyre-Brown, Liverpool: The First 1,000 years, page 79:

(nautical) A seagoing vessel used for hunting whales.


vignette

First attested in 1751. From French vignette, diminutive of vigne (“vine”), from Latin vīnea, from vīnum (“wine”). Replaced earlier Middle English vynet.

In order to drive on Bulgarian roads outside Sofia you'll need to purchase a vignette which must be displayed in the windscreen.

2008, Sofia In Your Pocket, In Your Pocket, →ISBN, page 7:

(automotive) A small sticker affixed to a vehicle windscreen to indicate that tolls have been paid.


tend

en-verb

tend (third-person singular simple present tends, present participle tending, simple past and past participle tended)

tends (present singular third-person)
tending (participle present)
tended (participle past)
tended (past)

From Middle English tenden, by apheresis of attenden (“to attend”). More at attend.

(transitive, nautical) To manage (an anchored vessel) when the tide turns, to prevent it from entangling the cable when swinging.


tint

Alteration of earlier tinct, influenced by French teinte (“tint”), from Latin tinctus (“dyed”), past participle of verb tingō (“tinge”). Doublet of tent (“kind of red wine”). Cognate with Dutch tint, Estonian tint, French teinte, German Tinte, Hungarian tinta, Italian tinta, Luxembourgish Tintin, Portuguese tinta, and Spanish tinta.

About an hour later, she noticed an all black Phantom with tints and chrome rims riding slowly through the car lot.

2010, Rochelle Magee, No Witnesses: A Perilous Journey, page 36:

I'd watch as cars marched by like a line of ants. Cars with those cool hydraulics. Cars with tints so dark, you couldn't see anything inside.

2021, Carol Park, Memoir of a Cashier: Korean Americans, Racism, and Riots:

(automotive, informal) A vehicle window that has been darkened to conceal the occupant.


sunflower

From sun + flower. Compare English sunbloom.

(UK, rail transport) An Automatic Warning System (AWS) indicator in the driver's cab that is displayed after a driver has acknowledged an audible warning, which consists of a yellow circle enclosing a white circle, with black spokes overlaid.


sheer

Perhaps from Dutch scheren (“to move aside, skim”); see also shear.

unk

Perhaps

(nautical) The curve of the main deck or gunwale from bow to stern.

(nautical) An abrupt swerve from the course of a ship.


sheer

en-verb

sheer (third-person singular simple present sheers, present participle sheering, simple past and past participle sheered)

sheers (present singular third-person)
sheering (participle present)
sheered (participle past)
sheered (past)

unk

Perhaps

I sheered her well inshore—the water being deepest near the bank, as the sounding–pole informed me.

1899 March, Joseph Conrad, “The Heart of Darkness”, in Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine, volume CLXV, number MI, New York, N.Y.: The Leonard Scott Publishing Company, […], →OCLC, part II:

Seydlitz correctly identifies the larger shell splashes as coming from the two "large light cruisers" at the rear, and takes aim. Moments later, Courageous sheers out of line, smoke and steam venting through a massive hole in her side, the shells having blasted right through whatever excuse for armor was present and detonated amidst the boiler rooms. She is doomed.

2018 October 17, Drachinifel, 15:10 from the start, in Last Ride of the High Seas Fleet - Battle of Texel 1918, archived from the original on 2022-08-04:

(chiefly nautical) To swerve from a course.


reach

en-verb

reach (third-person singular simple present reaches, present participle reaching, simple past and past participle reached or (obsolete) raught)

reaches (present singular third-person)
reaching (participle present)
reached (participle past)
reached (past)
raught (obsolete participle past)
raught (obsolete past)
reach (infinitive)

From Middle English rechen, from Old English rǣċan (“to reach”), from Proto-West Germanic *raikijan, from Proto-Germanic *raikijaną, from the Proto-Indo-European *Hreyǵ- (“to bind, reach”).

der

when I hear the word culture, I reach for my gun

(nautical) To sail on the wind, as from one point of tacking to another, or with the wind nearly abeam.

purjehtia avotuuleen

nautical: to sail with the wind from abeam or from the side


reach

(nautical) Any point of sail in which the wind comes from the side of a vessel, excluding close-hauled.

(nautical) The distance traversed between tacks.

the gulfe Iasius, and all the coast thereof is very full of creekes and reaches.

1601, C[aius] Plinius Secundus [i.e., Pliny the Elder], “(please specify |book=I to XXXVII)”, in Philemon Holland, transl., The Historie of the World. Commonly Called, The Naturall Historie of C. Plinius Secundus. […], (please specify |tome=1 or 2), London: […] Adam Islip, →OCLC:

The river's wooded reach.

1850, [Alfred, Lord Tennyson], In Memoriam, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, (please specify |part=Prologue or Rpilogue, or |canto=I to CXXIX):

The reaches opened before us and closed behind, as if the forest had stepped leisurely across the water to bar the way for our return.

1899 March, Joseph Conrad, “The Heart of Darkness”, in Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine, volume CLXV, number MI, New York, N.Y.: The Leonard Scott Publishing Company, […], →OCLC, part II, page 483:

December 2011, Dan Houston, Sailing a classic yacht on the Thames, Classic Boat Magazine
Close-hauled past flats at Island Gardens opposite the old Royal Naval College at Greenwich we’d been making more than seven knots over the ground and we came close enough to touch the wall. It had felt like roller-blading – long lee-bowed boards down the reaches of this historic river. They have such great names: Bugsby’s Reach, Gallions [Reach], Fiddler’s [Reach] or the evocative Lower Hope [Reach].

(nautical) A stretch of a watercourse which can be sailed in one reach (in the previous sense). An extended portion of water; a stretch; a straightish portion of a stream, river, or arm of the sea extending up into the land, as from one turn to another. By extension, the adjacent land.

галс

A straightish stretch of a watercourse which can be sailed in one reach


marl

en-verb

marl (third-person singular simple present marls, present participle marling, simple past and past participle marled)

marls (present singular third-person)
marling (participle present)
marled (participle past)
marled (past)

(nautical) To cover, as part of a rope, with marline, marking a peculiar hitch at each turn to prevent unwinding.


waif

Possibly from Old Norse veif (“flag; waving thing”); see further at etymology 1.

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-waif.wav

[page 440] The allusion to waifs and waif-poles in the last chapter but one, necessitates some account of the laws and regulations of the whale fishery, of which the waif may be deemed the grand symbol and badge. […] [page 441] [A] fish is technically fast when it bears a waif, or any other recognised symbol of possession; so long as the party waifing it plainly evince their ability at any time to take it alongside, as well as their intention to do so.

1851 November 14, Herman Melville, “Fast-fish and Loose-fish”, in Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers; London: Richard Bentley, →OCLC, pages 440–441:

(nautical, chiefly whaling, historical) A small flag used as a signal.


slack

Either from the adjective in Etymology 1 or the verb in Etymology 2.

This pitfall, beginning in February and finishing in May, resulted in a drop of about 3 ft. in the platform level; during this period it was necessary to level the track three times weekly, and impose a service slack of 15 m.p.h. The subsidence appears now to have finished, and normal speed is once again permitted.

1939 June, “Pertinent Paragraphs: Pitfalls”, in Railway Magazine, page 456:

The train runs slowly with frequent slacks for bridge and culvert repairs. At one point occurs the changeover from left- to right-hand running.

1949 September and October, “The "Nord Express"”, in Railway Magazine, page 336:

A 40 m.p.h. slack at West Ruislip, quickly followed by a 30 m.p.h. slack at Gerrards Cross, increased our lateness to four minutes at High Wycombe.

1960 February, R. C. Riley, “The London-Birmingham services - Past, Present and Future”, in Trains Illustrated, page 103:

(rail transport) A temporary speed restriction where track maintenance or engineering work is being carried out at a particular place.


Chunnel

Blend of Channel (“the English Channel”) + tunnel; the term had been coined by 1960 (see quotation).

blend

Sir Brian Robertson, Chairman of the B.T.C., told a London audience in January that he would not be surprised if a Channel tunnel for rail traffic, equipped with special wagons to carry road vehicles, were recommended by the study group which has been re-assessing the feasibility of the "Chunnel".

1960 March, “Talking of Trains: London-Paris in four hours”, in Trains Illustrated, page 134:

Rumors, carefully and cleverly circulated by Mascodagama’s friends, diverted speculations toward his being a mysterious visitor from beyond the Golden Curtain, particularly since at least half-a-dozen members of a large Good-will Circus Company that had come from Tartary just then […] had already defected between France and England, somewhere in the newly constructed ‘Chunnel.’

1969, Vladimir Nabokov, chapter 30, in Ada, or, Ardor: A Family Chronicle, Harmondsworth, London: Penguin Books, published 1970, →ISBN, part 1, page 144:

She knows a café here, a French place. Remembering breakfast there with Damien. […]Here it is: faux-French with real French waiting tables. Chunnel kids, guest workers.

2003, William Gibson, Pattern Recognition (Bigend cycle; book 1), New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, →ISBN, page 79:

(rail transport, informal) Short for Channel Tunnel.

Csalagút

Channel Tunnel — see also Channel Tunnel


Channel Tunnel

From Channel (English Channel) + tunnel.

(rail transport) The man-made tunnel under the English Channel joining England and France.


chugger

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-chugger.wav


leech

From Middle English lek, leche, lyche, from Old Norse lík (“leechline”), from Proto-West Germanic *līk, from Proto-Germanic *līką (compare West Frisian lyk (“band”), Dutch lijk (“boltrope”), Middle High German geleich (“joint, limb”)), from Proto-Indo-European *leyǵ- ‘to bind’ (compare Latin ligō (“tie, bind”), Ukrainian нали́гати (nalýhaty, “to bridle, fetter”), Albanian lidh (“to bind”), Hittite link- (caus. linganu-) ‘to swear’ (with -n- infix).

cog

To help combat these problems, almost all sailmakers trim the leeches of their headsails to a hollow or concave profile and enclose a LEECHLINE within the leech tabling.

1984, Sven Donaldson, A Sailor's Guide to Sails, page 130:

(nautical) The vertical edge of a square sail.

Trim the leech of the jib parallel to the main by watching the slot between the mainsail and the jib.

2004, Gary Jobson, Gary Jobson's Championship Sailing, page 176:

(nautical) The aft edge of a triangular sail.


sway

en-verb

sway (third-person singular simple present sways, present participle swaying, simple past and past participle swayed)

sways (present singular third-person)
swaying (participle present)
swayed (participle past)
swayed (past)

From earlier swey (“to fall, swoon”), from Middle English sweyen, from Old Norse sveigja (“to bend, bow”), from Proto-Germanic *swaigijaną (compare Saterland Frisian swooie (“to swing, wave, wobble”), Dutch zwaaien, Dutch Low Saxon sweuen (“to sway in the wind”), from Proto-Indo-European *sweh₁- (compare Lithuanian svaĩgti (“to become giddy or dizzy”), the second element of Avestan 𐬞𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌-𐬱𐬑𐬎𐬀𐬑𐬙𐬀 (paⁱri-šxuaxta, “to surround”), Sanskrit स्वजते (svájate, “he embraces, enfolds”).
The noun derived from the verb.

cog

𐬞𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌𐬱𐬑𐬎𐬀𐬑𐬙𐬀

𐬞𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌-𐬱𐬑𐬎𐬀𐬑𐬙𐬀

to sway up the yards

(nautical, transitive) To hoist (a mast or yard) into position.


span

From Middle English spanne, from Old English spann, from Proto-Germanic *spannō (“span, handbreadth”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)pend- (“to stretch”).
Cognate with Dutch span, spanne, German Spanne. The sense “pair of horses” is probably from Old English ġespan, ġespann (“a joining; a fastening together; clasp; yoke”), from Proto-West Germanic [Term?]. Cognate with Dutch gespan, German Gespann.

der

(nautical) A rope having its ends made fast so that a purchase can be hooked to the bight; also, a rope made fast in the center so that both ends can be used.


aerophobia

Many first-time flyers suffer from aerophobia, though some hide it better than others.


U-boat

(military, nautical, historical) Any German submarine of the First or Second World War, or any Austro-Hungarian submarine of the First World War.

U-Boot

any German submarine of the First or Second World War, or any Austro-Hungarian submarine of the First World War

(shipping) A narrow utility cart with tall handles on both ends that is used to carry loads of retail products to be sold, so named because its shape is roughly that of a capital U.

(rail transport, slang) Nickname given to the General Electric Universal Series diesel-electric locomotives.


making-iron

(nautical) A tool somewhat like a chisel with a groove in it, used by caulkers of ships to finish the seams after the oakum has been driven in.


HMS

(military, nautical) Initialism of His/Her Majesty's Ship (prefix for ships in the navy of a monarchy, such as the British Royal Navy).


flathead

(plural only "flatheads", automotive) A type of engine that has the valves placed in the engine block beside the piston, instead of in the cylinder head, as in an overhead valve engine.


caisson

Borrowed from French caisson. Doublet of cassone and cajón.

(nautical) A floating tank that can be submerged, attached to an underwater object and then pumped out to lift the object by buoyancy; a camel.


trend

From Middle English trenden (“to roll about, turn, revolve”), from Old English trendan (“to roll about, turn, revolve”), from Proto-West Germanic *trandijan (“to turn, roll, revolve”), apparently derived from a strong verb Proto-West Germanic *trindan. Cognate with Dutch trent (“circumference”). Akin to Old English trinde (“ball”), Old English tryndel (“circle, ring”). More at trindle, trundle.

inh

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-trend.wav

(nautical) The lower end of the shank of an anchor, being the same distance on the shank from the throat that the arm measures from the throat to the bill.

(nautical) The angle made by the line of a vessel's keel and the direction of the anchor cable, when she is swinging at anchor.


skate

Back-formation from Dutch schaats, from Middle Dutch schāetse, from Old Northern French escache (“a stilt, trestle”) (compare French échasse and English scatch), from a Germanic language, perhaps Frankish *skakkjā (“stilt”, literally “thing that moves”), related to *skakan (“to shake, swing”).

der

(rail transport, Philippines, chiefly Bicol) makeshift handcar


serve

en-verb

serve (third-person singular simple present serves, present participle serving, simple past and past participle served)

serves (present singular third-person)
serving (participle present)
served (participle past)
served (past)

desc

→ Thai: เสิร์ฟ (sə̀əp)

→ Thai: เสิร์ฟ (sə̀əp)

From Middle English serven, from Old French servir, from Latin serviō (“be a slave; serve”), from Latin servus (“slave; servant”), which perhaps derives from Etruscan (compare Etruscan proper names 𐌔𐌄𐌓𐌅𐌉 (servi), 𐌔𐌄𐌓𐌅𐌄 (serve)), or from Proto-Indo-European *ser- (“watch over, protect”).

(nautical) To wind spun yarn etc. tightly around (a rope or cable, etc.) so as to protect it from chafing or from the weather.


shell

From Middle English schelle, from Old English sċiell, from Proto-West Germanic *skallju, from Proto-Germanic *skaljō, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kelH- (“to split, cleave”).
Compare West Frisian skyl (“peel, rind”), Dutch schil (“peel, skin, rink”), Low German Schell (“shell, scale”), Irish scelec (“pebble”), Latin silex (“pebble, flint”), siliqua (“pod”), Old Church Slavonic сколика (skolika, “shell”). More at shale.
Doublet of sheal.
* (computing): From being viewed as an outer layer of interface between the user and the operating-system internals.

cog

(nautical) The watertight outer covering of the hull of a vessel, often made with planking or metal plating.

(nautical, rigging) The outer frame or case of a block within which the sheaves revolve.

pesä

nautical, rigging: outer frame or case of a block within which the sheaves revolve

(nautical) A light boat whose frame is covered with thin wood, impermeable fabric, or water-proofed paper; a racing shell or dragon boat.


rag

→ Kashubian: reksa (United States)

From Middle English ragge, from Old English ragg (suggested by derivative raggiġ (“shaggy; bristly; ragged”)), from Old Norse rǫgg (“tuft; shagginess”), from Proto-Germanic *rawwa-, probably related to *rūhaz. Cognate with Swedish ragg. Related to rug.

Our ship was a clipper, with every rag set, stunsails, sky-scrapers, and all.

1864, James Russell Lowell, My Garden Acquaintance; A Good Word for Winter; A Moosehead Journal, page 83:

"'Oh yes, that's all very well, but we haven't done with it yet,' said the lad, 'we shall have it worse directly,' and he ordered them to furl every rag but the mizen."

1886, Peter Christen Asbjørnsen, translated by H.L. Brækstad, Folk and Fairy Tales, page 191:

(nautical, slang) A sail, or any piece of canvas.


track

→ Kashubian: trak (Canada)

From Middle English trak, tracke, from Old French trac (“track of horses, trail, trace”), of uncertain origin. Likely from a Germanic source, either Old Norse traðk ("a track; path; trodden spot"; > Icelandic traðk (“a track; path; tread”), Faroese traðk (“track; tracks”), Norwegian tråkke (“to trample”)) or from Middle Dutch trec, *trac, treck ("line, row, series"; > Dutch trek (“a draft; feature; trait; groove; expedition”)), German Low German Treck (“a draught; movement; passage; flow”). See tread, trek.

gloss

"line, row, series"; > Dutch <i class="Latn mention" lang="nl">trek</i> (“a draft; feature; trait; groove; expedition”)

cog

They briefly closed the railway to remove debris found on the track.

(railways) The way or rails along which a train moves.

(automotive) The distance between two opposite wheels on a same axletree.

caterpillar track
caterpillar track#English

(automotive) Short for caterpillar track.


crunch

en-verb

crunch (third-person singular simple present crunches, present participle crunching, simple past and past participle crunched)

crunches (present singular third-person)
crunching (participle present)
crunched (participle past)
crunched (past)

From earlier craunch, cranch, of imitative origin.

جَرَشَ

to crush something with a noisy crackling sound

(automotive, transitive) To cause the gears to emit a crunching sound by releasing the clutch before the gears are properly synchronised.


In a letter to the author he says that when he went to King's Cross in 1936 the A4s were, and had been for some time, at a low ebb in performance.

1990, H.C.B. Rogers, Express Steam Locomotive Development in Great Britain and France, Crecy Publishing, →ISBN, page 89:

(UK, rail transport) A4 class, a class of steam locomotive used on the London and North Eastern Railway.


banger

→ Estonian: bänger

→ Finnish: bängeri

From bang + -er. The sausages were so called because of their excess water content and impervious skin, leading to the risk of explosion if not punctured before cooking.

A thing or person which bangs, in any sense.

(automotive, slang) An old, worn-out car. From a stereotypical one backfiring, making banging noises.

He drives a little four-banger to work.

(US, automotive, slang) A car or an engine; referring to the cylinders of an engine in a car. From the explosive bangs on every cylinder firing.


tarpaulin

en-noun

tarpaulin (countable and uncountable, plural tarpaulins)

/ˈtɑːɹpəlɪn/

From tar + pall (“heavy canvas”) + -ing.

(uncountable, nautical, obsolete) Canvas waterproofed with tar, used as a cover.

мушама́

canvas waterproofed with tar, used as a cover


battleship

From battle + ship; shortened from line-of-battle ship, attested 1794.

Schlachtschiff n. Schlachtschiff is used for dreadnought battleships

Linienschiff is used for pre-dreadnought battleships.

(military, nautical) A large capital warship displacing thousands to tens of thousands of tons, heavily armoured and armed with large-caliber guns; now obsolescent and replaced by smaller vessels with guided missiles.

(science fiction, by extension) A starship of comparable role

(military, nautical, archaic) A ship of the line.


limited

(rail transport) An express train that only halts at a limited number of stops.


flying

From Middle English fleynge, fleeʒinge, flihinde, vlyinde, vleoinde, flyand,
ffleghand, flighand (also fleoninde, fleonninde, etc.), from Old English flēogende, from Proto-Germanic *fleugandz (“flying”), present participle of Proto-Germanic *fleuganą (“to fly”), equivalent to fly + -ing. Cognate with Saterland Frisian fljoogend (“flying”), West Frisian fleanend (“flying”), Dutch vliegend (“flying”), German Low German flegend (“flying”), German fliegend (“flying”), Danish flyvende (“flying”), Swedish flygande (“flying”), Icelandic fljúgandi (“flying”).

(nautical, of a sail) Not secured by yards.

Flying ferries are the watercraft of the future!

(nautical, of a vessel) Capable of foiling.


flying

flying (countable and uncountable, plural flyings)

From Middle English flyinge, fleyng, fleyinge, fleynge, fleghyng, fleiʒeyng, flyeghynge, equivalent to fly + -ing. Cognate with Danish flyvning (“flying”), Swedish flygning (“flying”), Norwegian flyvning, flygning, flyging, flying (“flying”).

(uncountable, nautical) The action of sustained hydrodynamic lift on hydrofoils lifting the vessel hull lifted out of the water, for sustained motion across water.


chine

From Middle English chyne, from Old French eschine, from Frankish *skinu, from Proto-Germanic *skinō. Doublet of shin.

(nautical) A sharp angle in the cross section of a hull.

(nautical) A hollowed or bevelled channel in the waterway of a ship's deck.


APT

(UK, rail transport) Initialism of advanced passenger train.


dunnage

dunnage (usually uncountable, plural dunnages)

When you have got your junks wormed and laid up, take each two pieces, and stop them together; double the middle pieces, and stop them also, and clap a good stop on, to form the eye: then bring them all together upon some dunnage, to keep them up from the deck, to enable you to pass your round-about lashings:

1833, “Directions For Making A Rope-rudder, as proposed by Mr. Thomas Unwin, Boatswain in the Royal Navy”, in The Nautical magazine: a journal of papers on subjects connected with maritime affairs, volume 3:

consortium of companies dedicated to finding a faster and less expensive way to produce dunnages. Dunnages are material handling parts used to hold bumpers and fenders in place when they are shipped or used in Ford's production

2003, Chee Kai Chua with Kah Fai Leong and Chu Sing Lim, Rapid prototyping: principles and applications, page 133:

The robot cameras and software direct the robots to unload the 40-pound parts from pallets (called "dunnage") and place them on brackets fixed to a conveyor.

2005 August, “Eyes on the Line”, in Mechanical Engineering:

(chiefly transport) Scrap material, often wood, used to fill spaces to prevent the shifting of more valuable items during transport, or underneath large or heavy items to raise them slightly above the ground, in order to protect from chafing and wet.

Garnier

material, often wood, most commonly used to fill spaces to prevent items from shifting during shipment


variation

variation (usually uncountable, plural variations)

/ˌvɛəɹɪˈeɪʃn̩/

/ˌvɛəɹiˈeɪʃn̩/

/ˌvæɹiˈeɪʃn̩/

/ˌvɛɹiˈeɪʃn̩/

From Middle French variation, from Old French variacion, from Latin variātiō.

(nautical) The angular difference at the vessel between the direction of true north and magnetic north.

отклонение

difference between true and magnetic (compass) north

вариа́ция

a musical technique based on an altered repetition of a theme


Clio

Fred loved to take his Clio for a spin.

(automotive) A model of car manufactured by Renault.


pinch

en-verb

pinch (third-person singular simple present pinches, present participle pinching, simple past and past participle pinched)

pinches (present singular third-person)
pinching (participle present)
pinched (participle past)
pinched (past)

From Middle English pinchen, from Old Northern French *pinchier (compare Old French pincier, pincer (“to pinch”)), a word of uncertain origin, possibly from Vulgar Latin *pinciāre (“to puncture, pinch”), from a merger of *punctiāre (“to puncture, sting”), from Latin punctiō (“a puncture, prick”) and *piccāre (“to strike, sting”), from Frankish *pikkōn, from Proto-Germanic *pikkōną (“to pick, peck, prick”). More at point, pick and pitch.

der

(nautical) To sail so close-hauled that the sails begin to flutter.


MGM

(rail transport) The station code for the Metheringham railway station in England.


huzzah

Likely originally a hoisting cry, possibly related to hoise. Compare possibly cognate Swedish hissa (“to hoist; huzzah”), Spanish izar (“to hoist”) and French Ho, hisse! (“Hey, hoist!”). First attested in the 1570s.

(nautical, dated) Used as a call for coordinated physical effort, as in hoisting.


RSA

en-noun

RSA (countable and uncountable, plural RSAs)

(transport) Initialism of road safety authority.


trip

From Middle English trippen (“tread or step lightly and nimbly, skip, dance”), perhaps from Old French triper (“to hop or dance around, strike with the feet”), from a Frankish source; or alternatively from Middle Dutch trippen (“to skip, trip, hop, stamp, trample”) (> Modern Dutch trippelen (“to toddle, patter, trip”)). Akin to Middle Low German trippen ( > Danish trippe (“to trip”), Swedish trippa (“to mince, trip”)), West Frisian tripje (“to toddle, trip”), German trippeln (“to scurry”), Old English treppan (“to trample, tread”). Related also to trap, tramp.

cog

(nautical) A single board, or tack, in plying, or beating, to windward.


trip

en-verb

trip (third-person singular simple present trips, present participle tripping, simple past and past participle tripped)

trips (present singular third-person)
tripping (participle present)
tripped (participle past)
tripped (past)

(nautical) To raise (an anchor) from the bottom, by its cable or buoy rope, so that it hangs free.

(nautical) To pull (a yard) into a perpendicular position for lowering it.


NEC

(US, rail transport) Initialism of Northeast Corridor.


channel

(nautical) The wale of a sailing ship which projects beyond the gunwale and to which the shrouds attach via the chains. One of the flat ledges of heavy plank bolted edgewise to the outside of a vessel, to increase the spread of the shrouds and carry them clear of the bulwarks.


pedestal

From Middle French piédestal from Italian piedistallo (literally “foot stand”).

uder

(rail transport) A casting secured to the frame of a truck of a railcar and forming a jaw for holding a journal box.


hike

en-verb

hike (third-person singular simple present hikes, present participle hiking, simple past and past participle hiked)

hikes (present singular third-person)
hiking (participle present)
hiked (participle past)
hiked (past)

From English dialectal hyke (“to walk vigorously”), probably a Northern form of hitch, from Middle English hytchen, hichen, icchen (“to move, jerk, stir”). Cognate with Scots hyke (“to move with a jerk”), dialectal German hicken (“to hobble, walk with a limp”), Danish hinke (“to hop”). More at hick.

cog

(nautical) To lean out to the windward side of a sailboat in order to counterbalance the effects of the wind on the sails.


partner

→ Albanian: partner

→ Czech: partner

→ Danish: partner

→ Dutch: partner

→ French: partenaire

→ German: Partner

→ Hungarian: partner

→ Irish: páirtnéir

→ Italian: partner

→ Japanese: パートナー (pātonā)

→ Norwegian Bokmål: partner

→ Polish: partner

→ Portuguese: partner

→ Serbo-Croatian: pȁrtner, па̏ртнер

→ Swedish: partner

→ West Frisian: partner

From Middle English partener, partiner, alteration (due to Middle English part) of Middle English parcener, from Old French parçonier, parçonneour (“joint heir”) from parçon (“partition”), from Latin partītiōnem, singular accusative of partītiō (“portion”). The word may also represent Old French part tenour (“part holder”). Compare also Middle English partifere (“partner”), partifelewe (“partner”). Doublet of parcener.

partner

someone who is associated with another in a common activity or interest

партньо́р

either member of a pair in a card game or sports team (1.4)

(nautical) One of the pieces of wood comprising the framework which strengthens the deck of a wooden ship around the holes through which the mast and other fittings pass.


jury

Early 1600s, of uncertain origin. Perhaps ultimately from Old French ajurie, from Latin adiūtō.
Alternatively, perhaps ultimately from Frankish *garu (“ready, prepared”), related to Middle English yore, ȝare, from Old English ġeoro, ġearu (“ready, prompt, prepared, quick”).

jury mast

jury rudder

(nautical) For temporary use; applied to a temporary contrivance.


aftermost

All the after-most part of the ship, is called the sterne (by a generall appellation) but most exactly considered, only the very outwardmost part abaft is the sterne;

1644, Henry Manwayring, The Sea-mans Dictionary, London: John Bellamy, page 101:

My station during the engagement was on the middle-deck, where I was quartered with another boy, to bring powder to the aftermost gun;

1789, Olaudah Equiano, chapter 4, in The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, volume 1, London, page 148:

[…] at night I slept on a blanket thrown on the deck boards at the aftermost end of the round-house, and right in the draught of the two doors.

1886 May 1 – July 31, Robert Louis Stevenson, “'”, in Kidnapped, being Memoirs of the Adventures of David Balfour in the Year 1751: […], London; Paris: Cassell & Company, published 1886, →OCLC, page 68:

(nautical) Nearest the stern of a vessel.


come about

en-verb

come about (third-person singular simple present comes about, present participle coming about, simple past came about, past participle come about)

comes about (present singular third-person)
coming about (participle present)
came about (past)
come about (participle past)

(intransitive, nautical) To tack; to change tack; to maneuver the bow of a sailing vessel across the wind so that the wind changes from one side of the vessel to the other; to position a boat with respect to the wind after tacking. See also come to.


render

render (third-person singular simple present renders, present participle rendering, simple past and past participle rendered)

renders (present singular third-person)
rendering (participle present)
rendered (participle past)
rendered (past)

→ Dutch: renderen

→ Portuguese: renderizar

From Middle English renderen, rendren, from Old French rendre (“render, give back”), from Late Latin rendere, from Latin reddere (“make, give back”).

uitsmelten

convert animal fat into liquid form or into a usable byproduct

A rope renders well, that is, passes freely.

(nautical) To pass; to run; said of the passage of a rope through a block, eyelet, etc.

procházet (lano otvorem)

to pass; to run; said of the passage of a rope through a block, eyelet, etc.

The rope of a laniard or tackle is said to render when, by pulling upon one part, each other part takes its share of the strain.


gallant

17th-century borrowing from French galant. See above.


warrant

en-noun

warrant (countable and uncountable, plural warrants)

→ Cantonese: 窩輪／窝轮 (wo¹ leon⁴⁻²), 花令

→ Italian: warrant

The noun is derived from Middle English warant (“protector; guard, shield, protection”), from Anglo-Norman warrant, Old Northern French warant, warand, a variant of Old French guarant, garant, garand (“assurance, guarantee; authorization, permission; protector; protection, safety”) (modern French garant), from Frankish *warand, present participle of *warjan (“to fend off; to stop, thwart”). The word is cognate with Old High German werento (“guarantor”).
The verb is derived from Middle English warrant, waranten (“to give protection; to protect, shield; to assure, pledge, promise; to guarantee”), from Anglo-Norman warantir, warandir, warentir, and Old Northern French warandir, warantir, variant forms of Old French guarantir (“to protect”) (modern French garantir), a Romance formation from the noun guarant: see above.

inh

Some years ago he had bought a motor vehicle with a warrant issued the same day only to find that the hand brake was not functioning properly and only one brake drum had any lining on it. He had recently heard of a similar case of a vehicle which had been issued with a warrant by the Christchurch City Council testing station, and the purchaser had to pay $60 to have the hand brake and hydraulic brake equipment fixed and the brakes relined.

1968 October 22, Norman Eric Kirk, “Appropriation Bill—Estimates”, in Parliamentary Debates (Hansard): Second Session, Thirty-fifth Parliament: House of Representatives, volume 357, Wellington: A. R. Shearer, government printer, published 1969, →OCLC, page 2502:

She had inherited from Rufus a 1994 Nissan Vanette that routinely failed its warrant and was always breaking down;

2023, Eleanor Catton, Birnam Wood, page 55:

(New Zealand, road transport, countable) A document certifying that a motor vehicle meets certain standards of mechanical soundness and safety; a warrant of fitness.


carpenter

From Middle English carpenter, from Anglo-Norman carpenter (compare Old French charpentier), from Late Latin carpentārius (“a carpenter”), from Latin carpentārius (“a wagon-maker, carriage-maker”), from Latin carpentum (“a two-wheeled carriage, coach, or chariot, a cart”), from Gaulish carbantos, from Proto-Celtic *karbantos (“chariot, war chariot”), probably related to Proto-Celtic *karros (“wagon”). Doublet of carpintero. More at car.
Displaced native Old English trēowwyrhta (literally “tree worker”).

ncog

(nautical) A senior rating in ships responsible for all the woodwork onboard; in the days of sail, a warrant officer responsible for the hull, masts, spars and boats of a ship, and whose responsibility was to sound the well to see if the ship was making water.

船匠

nautical: person responsible for all the woodwork onboard


fore

(nautical) In or towards the bows of a ship.


lade

en-verb

lade (third-person singular simple present lades, present participle lading, simple past laded or (dated) lode, past participle laden or laded)

lades (present singular third-person)
lading (participle present)
laded (past)
lode (dated past)
laden (participle past)
laded (participle past)

From Middle English laden, from Old English hladan and Old English hleadan, from Proto-West Germanic *hlaþan, from Proto-Germanic *hlaþaną (“to load”), from Proto-Indo-European *kleh₂- (“to put, lay out”).


hood

From Middle English hood, hod, from Old English hōd, from Proto-Germanic *hōdaz (cognate with Saterland Frisian Houd, West Frisian/Dutch hoed, German Low German Hood, German Hut). Cognate with Proto-Iranian *xawdaH (“hat”) (compare Avestan 𐬑𐬂𐬛𐬀 (xåda), Old Persian 𐎧𐎢𐎭 (x-u-d /xaudā/)), from Proto-Indo-European *kadʰ- (“to cover”). More at hat.

kapuç

covering for the head attached to a larger garment such as a jacket or cloak

(automotive, chiefly UK) A soft top of a convertible car or carriage.

гюрук

(automotive, chiefly US, Canada) The hinged cover over the engine of a motor vehicle, known as a bonnet in other countries.

Care must also be taken to place the tenons on the main post so that a stop-water can be driven between it and the fore tenon and the rabbet of the hoods at the keel. The post being dressed to its proper dimensions, the tenons cut, and their ...

1830, A Treatise on Marine Architecture, page 260:

The fore hoods end at a rabbet cut in the wood stem (see Plate CXVIII.), and the after hoods end at a rabbet prepared in the yellow metal body post. The fore hoods are fastened to the bottom plating as elsewhere; but in the stem they have ...

1874, Samuel James P. Thearle, Naval architecture: a treatise on laying off and building wood, iron, and composite ships. [With] Plates, page 360:

But for deep and narrow vessels you must line your hooden-ends wider to get up faster, and consequently the lower ends of the after-hoods will come round, […]

1940, Lauchlan McKay, Richard Cornelius McKay, The Practical hip-builder, page 62:

(nautical) One of the endmost planks (or, one of the ends of the planks) in a ship’s bottom at bow or stern, that fits into the rabbet. (These, when fit into the rabbet, resemble a hood (covering).)


flasher

(automotive) An indicator or turn signal.


hump

en-verb

hump (third-person singular simple present humps, present participle humping, simple past and past participle humped)

humps (present singular third-person)
humping (participle present)
humped (participle past)
humped (past)

Probably borrowed from Dutch homp (“hump, lump”) or Middle Low German hump (“heap, hill, stump”), from Old Saxon *hump (“hill, heap, thick piece”), from Proto-Germanic *humpaz (“hip, height”), from Proto-Indo-European *kumb- (“curved”).
Cognates
Cognate with West Frisian hompe (“lump, chunk”), Icelandic huppur (“flank”), Welsh cwm (“a hollow”), Latin incumbō (“to lie down”), Albanian sumbull (“round button, bud”), Ancient Greek κύμβη (kúmbē, “bowl”), Avestan 𐬑𐬎𐬨𐬠𐬀 (xumba, “pot”), Sanskrit कुम्ब (kúmba, “thick end of bone”)). Replaced, and perhaps influenced by, Old English crump (“crooked, bent”). More at cramp.

cog

In the first phase of the new yard's operation, from March 6 last, it was wisely decided to restrict the yard's use to allow for any "teething" ailments with complex electronic gadgets, so when I visited Margam early in May it was working well below its capacity, humping about 1,000 wagons a day; [...].

1960 July, G. Freeman Allen, “Margam yard - the most modern in Europe”, in Trains Illustrated, pages 405, 407:

(rail transport) To shunt wagons / freight cars over the hump in a hump yard.


tide gate

(nautical) A place where the tide runs with great velocity, as through a gate.


bulge

From Middle English bulge (“leather bag; hump”), from Old Northern French boulge (“leather bag”), from Late Latin bulga (“leather sack”), from Gaulish *bulga, *bulgos, from Proto-Celtic *bolgos (“sack, bag, stomach”). Cognate with bilge, belly, bellows, budget, French bouge, German Balg, etc. Doublet of budge, and from the same root as belly and bellows. See also budget.


go down

en-verb

go down (third-person singular simple present goes down, present participle going down, simple past went down, past participle gone down)

goes down (present singular third-person)
going down (participle present)
went down (past)
gone down (participle past)

suhtautua (receiving person or party as subject, received thing in illative)

SMS Pommern went down with all hands at Jutland.

Courageous went down about an hour ago. Glorious also went down toward the end of the battle, cause unknown. Lion is grounded in the shadows of Terschelling, and will not be recoverable. All of the other battlecruisers have medium to heavy damage of one degree or another, with the exception of Renown, which avoided shell damage but took a torpedo at the last moment and is heading home under tow, and, of course, New Zealand, whose sole casualty is a stoker overcome with heat exhaustion.

2018 October 17, Drachinifel, 27:01 from the start, in Last Ride of the High Seas Fleet - Battle of Texel 1918, archived from the original on 2022-08-04:

[…]meanwhile, Biloxi and Vincennes are both in the process of going down and being abandoned, whilst Miami is right on the knife-edge of being recoverable, with three destroyers clustering around offering pumping and additional damage-control crews to try and keep the light cruiser afloat.

2021 May 5, Drachinifel, 43:40 from the start, in Battle of Samar - What if TF34 was there?, archived from the original on 2022-08-19:

To descend; to move from a higher place to a lower one.


rudder

From Middle English rodder, rother, ruder, from Old English rōþor (“oar, rudder”), from Proto-West Germanic *rōþr, from Proto-Germanic *rōþrą (“oar, rudder”) (compare Dutch and West Frisian roer, German Ruder), from Proto-Germanic *rōaną, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁reh₁- (“to row”) + Proto-Germanic *-þrą, *-þraz, instrumental suffix. Akin to Old English rōwan (“to row”). More at rōwan, -þor.

(nautical) An underwater vane used to steer a vessel. The rudder is controlled by means of a wheel, tiller or other apparatus (modern vessels can be controlled even with a joystick or an autopilot).


torpedo

* Borrowed from Latin torpēdō (“a torpedo fish; numbness, torpidity, electric ray”), from torpeō (“I am stiff, numb, torpid; I am astounded; I am inactive”) + -ēdō (noun suffix), from Proto-Indo-European *ster- (“stiff”). In the military sense coined by Robert Fulton in 1805. Cognate with Old English steorfan (“to die”), Ancient Greek στερεός (stereós, “solid”), Lithuanian tirpstu (“to become rigid”), Old Church Slavonic трупети (trupeti).
* (type of car): From 1908, after "the Torpedo", a car designed by Captain Theo Masui.

cog

(rail transport, US) A small explosive device attached to the top of the rail to provide an audible warning when a train passes over it.


winch

Tok Pisin: winis

→ Arabic: وِنْش (winš)

→ Japanese: ウインチ

→ Norwegian Bokmål: vinsj

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: vinsj

→ Serbo-Croatian: vȉnč

→ Swahili: winchi

→ Swedish: vinsch

→ Ottoman Turkish: وینچ (vinç)

Turkish: vinç

From Middle English wynche, from Old English winċe, from Proto-Germanic *winkijǭ, ultimately from the Proto-Indo-European *weng- (“to bow, bend, arch, curve”), whence also wink.

der

It runs on clattering steel tracks; the driver sits in a cab over the tracks, operating the controls that rotate the arm and turn the winch.

2013, J. M. Coetzee, chapter 27, in The Childhood of Jesus, Melbourne, Australia: The Text Publishing Company, page 267:

(nautical) A hoisting machine used for loading or discharging cargo, or for hauling in lines.


shiver

en-verb

shiver (third-person singular simple present shivers, present participle shivering, simple past and past participle shivered)

shivers (present singular third-person)
shivering (participle present)
shivered (participle past)
shivered (past)

Origin uncertain, perhaps an alteration of chavel, or a frequentive of sheaf.

(nautical, transitive) To cause to shake or tremble, as a sail, by steering close to the wind.


shiver

From a Germanic word, probably present in Old English though unattested, cognate with Old High German scivaro (German Schiefer (“slate”)).

(nautical) A sheave or small wheel in a pulley.


goods

(UK, transport) Freight, as opposed to passengers.

An unusual visitor to Leeds on September 26 was Class 4 4-6-0 No. 75042 (17A), on a Class H goods from York; it soon returned on the 6.30 p.m. Leeds-York parcels.

1962 December, “Motive Power Miscellany: North Eastern Region”, in Modern Railways, page 425:

(rail transport, UK) Short for goods train.


pram

From Dutch praam (“a flat-bottomed boat”), from Middle Dutch praem, from Middle Low German prām, from Old Czech *prám, from Proto-Slavic *pormъ.

(nautical, historical) A flat-bottomed barge used on shallow shores to convey cargo to and from ships that cannot enter the harbour.

(nautical, historical) A similar barge used as platform for cannons in shallow waters which seagoing warships cannot enter.


garland

From Middle English garland, garlaunde, gerland, from Old French garlande, garlaunde, gerlande, guerlande (compare French guirlande), from Frankish *wierlōn, *wieralōn, a frequentative form of Frankish *wierōn (“to adorn, bedeck”), from *wiera (“a gold thread”), from or related to Proto-Germanic *wīraz.
Akin to Old High German wieren (“to adorn”), Old High German wiara (“gold thread”). More at wire.

(nautical) A sort of netted bag used by sailors to keep provisions in.

(nautical) A grommet or ring of rope lashed to a spar for convenience in handling.


capsize

capsize (third-person singular simple present capsizes, present participle capsizing, simple past and past participle capsized)

capsizes (present singular third-person)
capsizing (participle present)
capsized (participle past)
capsized (past)

→ Dutch: kapseizen

>? Swedish: kapsejsa

Attested since 1788. Origin unknown. Possibly related to Spanish chapuzar (“to sink by the head”).

cog

Baby, I think I'm capsizing / The waves are rising and rising

1982, “Sexual Healing”, performed by Marvin Gaye:

But what if carrying sail capsize the boat?

1819–1824, [Lord Byron], Don Juan, London, (please specify |canto=I to XVII):

(transitive, nautical) To cause (a ship) to overturn.


Atlantic

From Middle English Atlantyke, from Latin Ā̆tlanticus, from Ancient Greek Ἀτλαντικός (Atlantikós, “Atlantean, of Atlas”), from Ancient Greek Ἄτλᾱς (Átlās), either from ἁ- (ha-, copulative prefix) + Proto-Indo-European *telh₂- (“bear, undergo, endure”) or of Pre-Greek origin.

der

It is equally curious that whereas the first Swindon-built Atlantic began its career as a 4-6-0, the first Great Western 4-cylinder 4-6-0 began its career as an Atlantic.

1944 January and February, 'Voyageur', “Atlantic Locomotives on the G.W.R.”, in Railway Magazine, page 26:

Where these Atlantics fell from acoustic grace, however, was in their feeble screechy little whistle, so different from the N.B.R. mellow standard pattern.

1952 December, R. S. McNaught, “The Voice of the Locomotive”, in Railway Magazine, page 839:

(rail transport) A steam locomotive of the 4-4-2 wheel arrangement.


casket

Probably from Norman cassette. Possibly reformed by analogy with cask, thus analyzable as cask + -et. Doublet of cassette.


overhaul

en-verb

overhaul (third-person singular simple present overhauls, present participle overhauling, simple past and past participle overhauled)

overhauls (present singular third-person)
overhauling (participle present)
overhauled (participle past)
overhauled (past)

/ˈəʊvəˌhɔːl/

/ˌəʊvəˈhɔːl/

(nautical) To keep (running rigging) clear, and see that no hitch occurs.


shipshape and Bristol fashion

en-adj

shipshape and Bristol fashion (comparative more shipshape and Bristol fashion, superlative most shipshape and Bristol fashion)

more shipshape and Bristol fashion (comparative)
most shipshape and Bristol fashion (superlative)

/ˈʃɪpˌʃeɪp ən ˈbɹɪstəl ˈfæʃən/

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-shipshape and Bristol fashion.wav

The saying in today's form has been recorded as early as 1827 (see the quotation; shipshape alone being about 200 years older).
Bristol was the most prosperous port of west-coast Britain, and its ship chandlery was of the highest quality.
The term may have developed in view of the port of Bristol which had (before the floating harbour was constructed) a very high tidal range of 13 metres (43 ft), the second highest in the world. Ships moored in this area would be aground at low tide and, because of their keels, would fall to one side. If everything was not stowed away tidily or tied down, the results were chaotic and cargo could be spoiled.

When we set out on the jolly voyage of life, what a brave fleet there is around us, as stretching our fresh canvas to the breeze, all "shipshape and Bristol fashion," pennons flying, music playing, cheering each other as we pass, we are rather amused than alarmed when some awkward comrade goes right ashore for want of pilotage!

1827, [Walter Scott], chapter VII, in Chronicles of the Canongate; […], volume I, Edinburgh: […] [Ballantyne and Co.] for Cadell and Co.; London: Simpkin and Marshall, →OCLC, page 111:

(nautical, traditional) Tidily tied down and secure.


pony

→ Belarusian: по́ні (póni)

→ Danish: pony

→ Dutch: pony
→ Indonesian: poni

→ Finnish: poni

→ French: poney
→ Romanian: ponei

→ Georgian: პონი (ṗoni)

→ German: Pony
→ Estonian: poni

→ Hungarian: póni

→ Irish: pónaí

→ Italian: pony

→ Japanese: ポニー (ponī)

→ Lithuanian: ponis

→ Maltese: poni

→ Norwegian: ponni

→ Portuguese: pónei

→ Russian: пони (poni)

→ Spanish: poni

→ Swedish: ponny

→ Ukrainian: по́ні (póni)

1659 from Scots powny, apparently from Middle French poulenet (“little foal”), ultimately from Late Latin pullanus (“young of an animal”), from pullus (cognate to English foal). Sense “small serving of alcohol” from 19th century, both for small sizes generally and for a quarter pint specifically, from the small size.

uder

How many ponies are under the hood?


bond

en-noun

bond (countable and uncountable, plural bonds)

From Middle English bond, a variant of band, from Old English beand, bænd, bend (“bond, chain, fetter, band, ribbon, ornament, chaplet, crown”), from Proto-Germanic *bandaz, *bandiz (“band, fetter”). Cognate with Dutch band, German Band, Swedish band. Doublet of Bund. Related to bind.

(railways) A heavy copper wire or rod connecting adjacent rails of an electric railway track when used as a part of the electric circuit.


gondola

Borrowed from Italian gondola, from Venetian góndoƚa, from Byzantine Greek κοντούρα (kontoúra, “cutter, kind of ship”).

der

Coordinate term: hopper car

(rail transport, US) A type of open railway car with low sides, used to carry heavy freight such as crushed rock or steel.


helm

The noun is derived from Middle English helm, helme (“tiller of a ship”), from Old English helma (“helm, tiller”), from Proto-Germanic *helmô (“handle; helm, tiller”), either from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to cover”) or from the same source as haulm and helm (“bentgrass, straw”) (see below), Proto-Indo-European *ḱélh₂-m(on)- (“reed, hollow stalk”), one form of which then developed a specialized meaning “handle” in Germanic.
The verb is derived from the noun.
cognates
* German Holm (“beam”)
* Old Norse hjálm

m+

Ye this is both helme & stern of al together: & that which they contended right sore to impugn, but loue of the truth, wherwith in this poynte I reckened me wel fēsed, wold not suffer me to apply & yeld to their wil, thinking, quod sanctū erat veritatē preferre amicitiæ, that the truth ought to be preferred before al frendship & amitye, & also, Si dextra manus scandalizet deberet prescidi & abijci.

1563 March 30 (Gregorian calendar), John Lambert, “The History of Master Ihon Lābert otherwise Called Nycolson, wyth the Actes and Processe of King Henrye the VIII. and the Byshops agaynst Hym, by whome He was Condempned and Burned at London. Anno. 1538.”, in John Foxe, Actes and Monuments of These Latter and Perillous Dayes, […], London: […] Iohn Day, […], →OCLC, book III, page [599]:

Nor is this vveather rare about the Æquinoctiall; by Mariners termed the Tornadoes: and tis ſo vncertaine, that novv you ſhall haue a quiet breath and gale, and ſuddenly an vnexpected violent guſt, and ſtorme, ſo fierce, that many times the ſhips vvill feele no helme.

1634, T[homas] H[erbert], “An Itinerarie of Some Yeares Trauaile, through Diuers Parts of Asia and Afrike, with the Description of the Orientall Indies, and Some Iles Adjacent. Especially the Territories of the Now Persian Monarchie: Included betwixt Mesopotamia, Indus, and the Caspian Sea”, in A Relation of Some Yeares Trauaile, Begunne Anno 1626. into Afrique and the Greater Asia, […], London: […] William Stansby, and Jacob Bloome, →OCLC, page 5:

Fair laughs the Morn, and ſoft the Zephyr blovvs, / VVhile proudly riding o'er the azure realm / In gallant trim the gilded Veſſel goes; / Youth on the provv, and Pleaſure at the helm; […]

1755–1757 (date written), [Thomas] Gray, “Ode VI. The Bard. Pindaric.”, in The Poems of Mr. Gray. […], York, Yorkshire: […] A[nn] Ward; and sold by J[ames] Dodsley, […]; and J[ohn] Todd, […], published 1775, →OCLC, stanza II.2, page 31:

(nautical) The tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; also, the entire steering apparatus of a vessel.

دَفَّة

tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel

(nautical) The use of a helm (sense 1); also, the amount of space through which a helm is turned.

ruorin käyttö

use of a helm; amount of space through which a helm is turned

(nautical) The member of a vessel's crew in charge of steering the vessel; a helmsman or helmswoman.

рулявы́

member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman


helm

en-verb

helm (third-person singular simple present helms, present participle helming, simple past and past participle helmed)

helms (present singular third-person)
helming (participle present)
helmed (participle past)
helmed (past)
helm (infinitive)

[A] wild wave in the wild North-sea, / […] overbears the bark, / And him that helms it, […]

1859, Alfred Tennyson, “Elaine”, in Idylls of the King, London: Edward Moxon & Co., […], →OCLC, page 172:

For this light he steered, and soon he saw two tall pillars of flame blazing beside each other, with a narrow space of night between them. He helmed the ship towards these, and when he came near them they were like two mighty mountains of wood burning far into heaven, […]

1890, H[enry] Rider Haggard, Andrew Lang, “The Blood-red Sea”, in The World’s Desire, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., →OCLC, book I, page 41:

(nautical) To control the helm (noun sense 1) of (a marine vessel); to be in charge of steering (a vessel).

kormidlovat

to control the helm of (a marine vessel); to be in charge of steering (a vessel)


girt

(nautical) Bound by a cable; used of a vessel so moored by two anchors that she swings against one of the cables by force of the current or tide.


girt

girt (third-person singular simple present girts, present participle girting, simple past and past participle girted)

girts (present singular third-person)
girting (participle present)
girted (participle past)
girted (past)

(nautical) to capsize because of forces in the cable attaching it to another vessel.


sundowner

Arrogant, aloof, and suspicious, a “sundowner,” or strict disciplinarian, King inspired respect in many but affection in few.

1985, Ronald H. Spector, Eagle Against the Sun:

(nautical) A sea captain who shows harsh discipline by requiring all hands to be on board by sundown.


fam trip

(UK, aviation, travel) A free (or low cost) trip for travel agents or consultants, provided by a travel operator or airline as a means of promoting their service.


ARNK

Short for arrival unknown: it is a four-letter computer code that shows on the reservation in place of a flight segment.

(travel industry) An unknown or empty sector of an itinerary.


minimum connecting time

en-noun

minimum connecting time (plural minimum connecting times)

(aviation, travel) The amount of time, agreed in advance between airlines and airport authorities, that is considered sufficient for a passenger to make a connection between an arriving flight and a departing flight on the same ticket.


interline

American Airlines and British Airways have an interline agreement to handle each other's baggage and to accept each other's tickets.

I had an interline connection from Delta to AA in Dallas/Ft. Worth.

(transport) Between (or with) two airlines.


boomer

Distant contact, probably submerged. It's a wild guess, but I'd say we hit a boomer coming out of the barn. Could be a missile boat out of Polijarny.

(US, nautical, military, slang) A nuclear ballistic missile submarine, SSBN.


standby

standby (countable and uncountable, plural standbys)

(travel) Waiting at the airport in the hope of getting a seat on a flight that is already booked out.

waiting at the airport in the hope of getting a seat on a flight that is already booked out

lefoglalt, de üres/betöltetlen helyre várakozás repülőtéren


premium

→ German: premium

→ Spanish: premium

(automotive) High-end; belonging to the market segment between mid-market and luxury.


yarn

yarn (countable and uncountable, plural yarns)

From Middle English yarne, ȝern, yarn, from the Old English ġearn (“yarn, spun wool”), from Proto-West Germanic *garn, from Proto-Germanic *garną (“yarn”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰorn-, *ǵʰer- (“tharm, guts, intestines”).
Cognates
Akin to West Frisian jern, Dutch garen (“yarn”), German Garn (“yarn”), Danish garn, Swedish garn (“yarn, thread”), Icelandic garn (“yarn”), Latin hernia (“rupture”), Ancient Greek χορδή (khordḗ, “string”), Sanskrit हिर (hira, “band”). Compare also the obsolete doublet garn.

(nautical) Bundles of fibers twisted together, and which in turn are twisted in bundles to form strands, which in their turn are twisted or plaited to form rope.


hovercraft

hovercraft (plural hovercrafts or hovercraft)

hovercrafts (plural)
hovercraft (plural)

From hover + -craft. Originally a trademark by Saunders-Roe Limited, a British aero- and marine-engineering company.

The snapshot shows the whale parallel above the water almost as if it’s competing in belly-flop contest, doing a midair plank or floating across the bay like a hovercraft.

2022 July 24, Morgan Krakow, “It began as a typical ferry ride in Kachemak Bay. Then a minke whale went airborne.”, in Anchorage Daily News:

genericized trademark
genericized trademark

(vehicles, genericized trademark) A vehicle supported on a cushion of air, able to traverse many different types of terrain and travel over water, used for transport.


lorry

→ Hausa: lori

→ Iban: lori

→ Juba Arabic: lori

→ Malay: lori (“heavy truck”)

→ Chinese: 羅里 (luólǐ), 羅厘／罗厘 (luólí)

→ Farefare: loore

→ German: Lore

→ Irish: leoraí

→ Malay: lori

→ Moore: lore

→ Scottish Gaelic: làraidh

→ Swahili: lori

→ Telugu: లారీ (lārī)

→ Welsh: lorri, lori

→ Zulu: iloli

Uncertain; perhaps from dialectal English lurry (“to lug or pull about, drag”), or from the forename Laurie. First attested in early to middle 19th century.

cog

(road transport, Singapore, Malaysia) a truck with an open carriage, sometimes used for transporting construction workers.


screen

From Middle English scren, screne (“windscreen, firescreen”), from Anglo-Norman escren (“firescreen, the tester of a bed”), Old French escren, escrein, escran (modern French écran (“screen”)), from Middle Dutch scherm, from Old Dutch *skirm, from Proto-West Germanic *skirmi, from Proto-Germanic *skirmiz (“fur, shelter, covering, screen”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to cut, divide”).
Cognate with Dutch scherm (“screen”), German Schirm (“screen”). Doublet of scherm.
An alternative etymology derives Old French escren, escran from Old Dutch *scranc (“barrier”) (compare Middle Dutch schranc, schranke (“palisade, trellis, grid”), German Schrank (“cupboard, cabinet”), German Schranke (“fence”)), from Proto-West Germanic *skrank, from Proto-Germanic *skrankaz.

der

(nautical) A collection of less-valuable vessels that travel with a more valuable one for the latter's protection.