shock

en-noun

shock (countable and uncountable, plural shocks)

→ Bulgarian: шок (šok)

→ Chinese: 休克 (xiūkè)

→ Czech: šok

→ Italian: shock

→ Japanese: ショック (shokku)

→ Korean: 쇼크 (syokeu)

→ Macedonian: шок (šok)

→ Polish: szok

→ Russian: шок (šok)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic: шо̏к

Latin: šȍk

→ Slovak: šok

→ Spanish: shock

From Middle Dutch schokken (“to push, jolt, shake, jerk”) or Middle French choquer (“to collide with, clash”), from Old Dutch *skokkan (“to shake up and down, shog”), from Proto-Germanic *skukkaną (“to move, shake, tremble”). Of uncertain origin. Perhaps related to Proto-Germanic *skakaną (“to shake, stir”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kek-, *(s)keg- (“to shake, stir”); see shake.
Cognate with Middle Low German schocken (“collide with, deliver a blow to, move back and forth”), Old High German scoc (“a jolt, swing”), Middle High German schocken (“to swing”) (German schaukeln), Old Norse skykkr (“vibration, surging motion”), Icelandic skykkjun (“tremulously”), Middle English schiggen (“to shake”). Doublet of shog.

cog

shark (non-rhotic, father-bother merger)

If your truck's been riding rough, it might need new shocks.

We're bonin' on the dark blocks / Wearin' out the shocks, wettin' up the dashboard clock

1993, “Back Seat (of My Jeep)”, in 14 Shots to the Dome, performed by LL Cool J:

At the rear, you'll find a single, centrally mounted shock, the now-familiar single-sided swingarm and BMW's Paralever shaft-drive system, which does away with most of a shafty's chassis-jacking bugaboos.

1994, Cycle World Magazine, volume 33, number 1, page 49:

mechanical engineering
mechanical engineering

(automotive, mechanical engineering) A shock absorber (typically in the suspension of a vehicle).


seam

From Middle English seem, seme, from Old English sēam (“seam”), from Proto-West Germanic *saum, from Proto-Germanic *saumaz (“that which is sewn”).

inh

Seams can be made or sealed in a variety of ways, including adhesive bonding, hot-air welding, solvent welding, using adhesive tapes, sealant, etc.

(construction, nautical) A joint formed by mating two separate sections of materials.

сглобка

a joint formed by mating two separate sections of a material


heavy

en-adj

heavy (comparative heavier, superlative heaviest)

heavier (comparative)
heaviest (superlative)

Sranan Tongo: hebi

From Middle English hevy, heviȝ, from Old English hefiġ, hefeġ, hæfiġ (“heavy; important, grave, severe, serious; oppressive, grievous; slow, dull”), from Proto-West Germanic *habīg (“heavy, hefty, weighty”), from Proto-Germanic *habīgaz (“heavy, hefty, weighty”), from Proto-Indo-European *keh₂p- (“to take, grasp, hold”).
Cognates:
Cognate with Scots hevy, havy, heavy (“heavy”), Dutch hevig (“violent, severe, intense, acute”), Middle Low German hēvich (“violent, fierce, intense”), German hebig (compare heftig (“fierce, severe, intense, violent, heavy”)), Icelandic höfugur (“heavy, weighty, important”), Latin capāx (“large, wide, roomy, spacious, capacious, capable, apt”).


light

en-adj

light (comparative lighter, superlative lightest)

lighter (comparative)
lightest (superlative)

forceful

antonym(s) of “having little force or momentum”

calorific

antonym(s) of “low in fat, calories, etc”

crucial

antonym(s) of “having little value or significance”

From Old English lēoht, līht, from Proto-West Germanic *lį̄ht, from Proto-Germanic *linhtaz or *līhtaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁lengʷʰ- (“light”).
Cognate with Dutch licht, German leicht, Swedish lätt, Norwegian lett, Albanian lehtë, Latin levis, Russian лёгкий (ljóxkij), Lithuanian lengvas, Sanskrit लघु (laghu), Persian لاغر (lāghar).

if a ship is light or partially loaded ; the light draft of a vessel, or its light displacement

Lacking that which burdens or makes heavy.

(nautical, of a ship) Riding high because of no cargo; by extension, pertaining to a ship which is light.

the light locomotives ; a locomotive may be moved light

On that August Thursday afternoon, there was little freight traffic; a large "K3" Mogul went down with a short, fast goods, and a W.D. 2-8-0 proceeded northward light.

1951 January, R. A. H. Weight, “A Railway Recorder in Essex and Hertfordshire”, in Railway Magazine, page 44:

(rail transport, of a locomotive or consist of locomotives) Without any piece of equipment attached or attached only to a caboose.


light

en-verb

light (third-person singular simple present lights, present participle lighting, simple past and past participle lighted)

lights (present singular third-person)
lighting (participle present)
lighted (participle past)
lighted (past)

(nautical) To unload a ship, or to jettison material to make it lighter


cylinder

→ Japanese: シリンダー (shirindā)

→ Korean: 실린더 (sillindeo)

From Middle French chilindre, cylindre, from Latin cylindrus, from Ancient Greek κύλινδρος (kúlindros), from κυλίνδω (kulíndō) "I roll or wallow" (intransitive). Doublet of calander and calender.

reciprocating engine
reciprocating engine

(automotive) The space in which a piston travels inside a reciprocating engine or pump.


wind

wind (third-person singular simple present winds, present participle winding, simple past and past participle wound or winded)

winds (present singular third-person)
winding (participle present)
wound (participle past)
wound (past)
winded (participle past)
winded (past)

→ Esperanto: vindi

From Middle English wynden, from Old English windan, from Proto-Germanic *windaną. Compare West Frisian wine, Low German winden, Dutch winden, German winden, Danish vinde, Walloon windea. See also the related term wend.

(transitive, nautical) To turn (a ship) around, end for end.


metal

en-noun

metal (countable and uncountable, plural metals)

nonmetal

antonym(s) of “any of a number of chemical elements in the periodic table that form a metallic bond with other metal atoms”

From Middle English metal, a borrowing from Old French metal, from Latin metallum (“metal, mine, quarry, mineral”), itself a borrowing from Ancient Greek μέταλλον (métallon, “mine, quarry, metal”).

аметалл

atomic element or material made of such atoms

We have American Airlines tickets, but it's on British Airways metal.

(informal, travel, aviation) The actual airline operating a flight, rather than any of the codeshare operators.


governor

Bahamian Creole: governor

Belizean Creole: govna

Gullah: gobna

Krio: governor

Pichinglis: gɔvna, gɔbna

Pijin: gavna

Tobagonian Creole English: governor

Tok Pisin: gavana

→ Hausa: gwamna

→ Irish: gobharnóir

→ Maori: kāwana

→ Samoan: kavana

→ Swahili: gavana

→ Malay: gabenor

/ˈɡʌvənə(ɹ)/

From Middle English governour, from Old French gouvreneur, from Latin gubernator, from Ancient Greek κυβερνήτης (kubernḗtēs, “steersman, pilot, guide”), from κυβερνάω (kubernáō, “to steer, to drive, to guide, to act as a pilot”), of disputed origin. By surface analysis, govern + -or. Doublet of gubernator. Doublet of cybernetics and Kubernetes.

viceroy

of large divisions of a kingdom or empire


waffle

en-verb

waffle (third-person singular simple present waffles, present participle waffling, simple past and past participle waffled)

waffles (present singular third-person)
waffling (participle present)
waffled (participle past)
waffled (past)

The verb is borrowed from Scots waffle (“to waver, flap, flutter”), from waff (“to wag, wave; to flap, flutter”) + -le (diminutive or frequentative suffix). Waff is derived from Early Scots waff (“signal; gust of wind; glimpse; a flapping, waving”), from Northern Middle English wafe, waffe, a variant of waven (“to move to and fro, sway; to stray, wander; (figuratively) to follow a weaving course; (figuratively) to vacillate, waver; to move something to and fro, wave”) (whence wave), from Old English wafian (“to wave”), from Proto-Germanic *wabōną, *wabjaną (“to sway; to wander”), from Proto-Indo-European *webʰ- (“to braid, weave”).
Regarding sense 5 (“to speak or write (something) at length without any clear aim or point”), compare Old English wæflian (“to talk foolishly”), possibly ultimately from Proto-Germanic *babalōną (“to babble, chatter”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰā- (“to say”) and/or Proto-Indo-European *baba- (“to talk vaguely; to mumble”). The Oxford English Dictionary does not derive the English word waffle from this Old English word. Compare also Dutch wauwelen (“to linger, waffle, jabber, gab, chat”).
The noun is derived from the verb.

cog

(intransitive, aviation, road transport, colloquial) Of an aircraft or motor vehicle: to travel in a slow and unhurried manner.

gemächlich dahingleiten

of an aircraft or motor vehicle: to travel in a slow and unhurried manner


suspension

en-noun

suspension (countable and uncountable, plural suspensions)

Borrowed from Late Latin suspensiōnem (“arching, vaulting; suspension”), from suspendēre (“to hang up, to suspend”), from sub- (“under”) + pendere (“to hang, to suspend”), from Proto-Italic *pendō (“to hang, to put in a hanging position”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)pénd-e-ti, from *(s)pend- (“to pull; to spin”)). Compare Anglo-Norman suspensiun, French suspension, Occitan suspensio.

der

If you drive over a speed bump, the left and right tires push the suspension upward at the same time.

2011, Chuck Edmondson, “Steering and Suspension”, in Fast Car Physics, Baltimore, Md.: The Johns Hopkins University Press, →ISBN, page 151:

(vehicles) The system of springs and shock absorbers connected to the wheels in an automobile, which allows the vehicle to move smoothly with reduced shock to its occupants.

окачване

vehicle: system of springs and shock absorbers connected to the wheels in an automobile


mole

From French môle or Latin mōles (“mass, heap, rock”).

[Alexander the Great] then conceived the stupendous idea of constructing a mole, which should at once connect [Tyre] with the main land; and this was actually accomplished by driving piles and pouring in incalculable quantities of soil and fragments of rock; and it is generally believed, partly on the authority of ancient authors, that the whole ruins of Old Tyre were absorbed in this vast enterprize, and buried in the depths of the sea [...]

1847, George A. Fisk, A pastor's memorial of the holy land:

Its extreme downtown is the battery, where that noble mole is washed by waves, and cooled by breezes, which a few hours previous were out of sight of land.

1851, Herman Melville, Moby Dick, Chapter 1:

[about Saint-Tropez] Yachts and fishing boats fill the little square of water, which is surrounded on two sides by quays, on the third by a small ship-repairing yard and on the fourth by the mole where the fishing boats moor and the nets are spread out to dry.

1983, Archibald Lyall, Arthur Norman Brangham, The companion guide to the south of France:

(nautical) A massive structure, usually of stone, used as a pier, breakwater or junction between places separated by water.

вълнолом

massive structure used as a pier or breakwater


tail

Sranan Tongo: tere

From Middle English tail, tayl, teil, from Old English tæġl (“tail”), from Proto-West Germanic *tagl, from Proto-Germanic *taglą (“hair, fiber; hair of a tail”), from Proto-Indo-European *doḱ- (“hair of the tail”), from Proto-Indo-European *deḱ- (“to tear, fray, shred”). Cognate with Scots tail (“tail”), Saterland Frisian Tail (“tail, end”), West Frisian teil (“tail”), Dutch teil (“tail, haulm, blade”), Low German Tagel (“twisted scourge, whip of thongs and ropes; end of a rope”), German Zagel (“tail”), dialectal Danish tavl (“hair of the tail”), Swedish tagel (“hair of the tail, horsehair”), Norwegian tagl (“tail”), Icelandic tagl (“tail, horsetail, ponytail”), Gothic 𐍄𐌰𐌲𐌻 (tagl, “hair”). In some senses, apparently by a generalization of the usual opposition between head and tail.

cog

have the world by the tail on a downhill pull

mackerel sky and mare's-tails make lofty ships carry low sails

mackerel sky and mare's-tails make tall ships carry low sails

the cow knows not the worth of its tail till it loses it

trust someone as far as one could fling a bull by the tail

(nautical) A rope spliced to the strap of a block, by which it may be lashed to anything.


tail

en-verb

tail (third-person singular simple present tails, present participle tailing, simple past and past participle tailed)

tails (present singular third-person)
tailing (participle present)
tailed (participle past)
tailed (past)

This vessel tails downstream.

(nautical) To swing with the stern in a certain direction; said of a vessel at anchor.


colt

From Middle English colt, from Old English colt, from Proto-Germanic *kultaz (“plump; stump; thick shape, bulb”), from Proto-Indo-European *gelt- (“something round, pregnant belly, child in the womb”), from *gel- (“to ball up, amass”). Cognate with Faroese koltur (“colt, foal”) Norwegian kult (“treestump”), Swedish kult (“young boar, boy, lad”). Related to child.

der

(nautical, historical) A short piece of rope once used by petty officers as an instrument of punishment.


crowd

en-verb

crowd (third-person singular simple present crowds, present participle crowding, simple past and past participle crowded)

crowds (present singular third-person)
crowding (participle present)
crowded (participle past)
crowded (past)

From Middle English crouden, from Old English crūdan, from Proto-West Germanic *krūdan, from Proto-Germanic *krūdaną, *kreudaną, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *grewt- (“to push; press”). Cognate with German Low German kroden (“to push, shove”), Dutch kruien (“to push, shove”).

cog

(nautical) To approach another ship too closely when it has right of way.

With all her might she crowds all sail off shore; in so doing, fights ’gainst the very winds that fain would blow her homeward; seeks all the lashed sea’s landlessness again; for refuge’s sake forlornly rushing into peril; her only friend her bitterest foe!

1851 November 14, Herman Melville, “The Lee Shore”, in Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers; London: Richard Bentley, →OCLC, page 118:

(nautical, of a square-rigged ship, transitive) To carry excessive sail in the hope of moving faster.


count

From Middle English counten, borrowed from Anglo-Norman conter, from Old French conter (“add up; tell a story”), from Latin computō (“I compute”). In this sense, displaced native Old English tellan, whence Modern English tell. Doublet of compute.

der

(shipping, marketing) Used to show the amount of like items in a package.


skyscraper

desc

→ Belarusian: небаскроб (njebaskrób), хмарачос (xmaračós) (calque)

zh-l

摩天樓／摩天楼 (mótiānlóu)

→ Chinese: (calque) 摩天樓／摩天楼 (mótiānlóu)

→ Czech: mrakodrap (calque)

→ French: gratte-ciel (calque)

desc

ουρανοξύστης

→ Greek: ουρανοξύστης (ouranoxýstis) (calque)

desctree

→ German: Wolkenkratzer (calque)
→ Dutch: wolkenkrabber (calque)
→ Afrikaans: wolkekrabber
→ West Frisian: wolkekrabber
→ Yiddish: וואָלקן־קראַצער (volkn-kratser)

→ Hungarian: felhőkarcoló (calque)

→ Indonesian: pencakar langit (calque)
→ Malay: pencakar langit

→ Italian: grattacielo (calque)

→ Japanese: 摩天楼 (matenrō) (calque)

→ Korean: 마천루 (macheollu) (calque)

→ Latin: caeliscalpium (calque)

→ Polish: drapacz chmur (calque)

→ Portuguese: arranha-céus (calque)

→ Romanian: zgârie-nori (calque)

desc

→ Russian: небоскрёб (neboskrjób) (calque)

nȅbodēr/не̏боде̄р

→ Serbo-Croatian: nȅbodēr/не̏боде̄р (calque)

→ Slovene: nebotičnik (calque)

→ Spanish: rascacielos (calque)

→ Turkish: gökdelen (calque)

→ Swedish: skyskrapa (calque)

→ Ukrainian: хмарочос (xmaročos) (calque)

(nautical, archaic) A small sail atop a mast of a ship; a triangular skysail.


high

en-adj

high (comparative higher, superlative highest)

higher (comparative)
highest (superlative)

Sranan Tongo: hei

From Middle English high, heigh, heih, from Old English hēah (“high, tall, lofty, high-class, exalted, sublime, illustrious, important, proud, haughty, deep, right”), from Proto-West Germanic *hauh (“high”), from Proto-Germanic *hauhaz (“high”), from Proto-Indo-European *kewk- (“to elevate, height”). Cognate with Scots heich (“high”), Saterland Frisian hooch (“high”), West Frisian heech (“high”), Dutch hoog (“high”), Low German hoog (“high”), German hoch (“high”), Swedish hög (“high”), Norwegian høy (“high”), Icelandic hár (“high”), Lithuanian kaukas (“bump, boil, sore”).

der

NO NEARER! (arrive! Fr.) the command given by the pilot of quarter-master, to the helmsman, to steer the ship no higher to the direction of the wind than the sails will operate to advance the ship in her course.

1784, William Falconer, An Universal Dictionary of the Marine: Or, A Copious Explanation:

(nautical, of a sailing ship) Near, in its direction of travel, to the (direction of the) wind.


locator

(travel industry) The unique alphanumeric reference given to each travel booking.


leader

→ Catalan: líder

→ Czech: lídr

→ Galician: líder

→ Japanese: リーダー (rīdā)

→ Korean: 리더 (rideo)

→ Polish: lider

→ Portuguese: líder

→ Romanian: lider

→ Russian: ли́дер (líder)

→ Spanish: líder

→ Turkish: lider

→ Ukrainian: лі́дер (líder)

From Middle English leder, ledere, from Old English lǣdere (“leader”), from Proto-West Germanic *laidijārī (“leader”), equivalent to lead + -er. Cognate with Scots ledar, leidar (“leader”), West Frisian lieder (“leader”), Dutch leider (“leader”), German Leiter (“leader, conductor, manager”), Danish leder (“leader, manager”), Swedish ledare (“leader, conductor, director”), Icelandic leiðari (“leader, conductor”).

cog

Someone or something that leads or conducts.

(nautical) A block of hard wood pierced with suitable holes for leading ropes in their proper places.


vessel

From Middle English vessel, vessell, from Old French vaissel (compare modern French vaisseau and Catalan vaixell), from Late Latin vāscellum, diminutive of vāsculum, diminutive of vās (“vase, vessel”).

But my hope was, that if I stood along this coast till I came to that part where the English traded, I should find some of their vessels upon their usual design of trade, that would relieve and take us in.

1719 May 6 (Gregorian calendar), [Daniel Defoe], The Life and Strange Surprizing Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, […], London: […] W[illiam] Taylor […], →OCLC:

Merchants, common sailors, captains of vessels, skippers, […] naval officers of all countries, and the Governments of several states on the two continents, were deeply interested in the matter.

1873, Jules Verne, chapter I, in [anonymous], transl., Twenty Thousand Leagues under the Seas; […], James R. Osgood edition, Boston, Mass.: Geo[rge] M[urray] Smith & Co., →OCLC, part I, page 3:

He saw now clearly that the sole crew of the vessel was these two dead men, and though he could not see their faces, he saw by their outstretched hands, which were all of ragged flesh, that they had been subjected to some strange exceptional process of decay.

1905, H. G. Wells, The Empire of the Ants:

Conditions were horrendous aboard most British naval vessels at the time. Scurvy and other diseases ran rampant, killing more seamen each year than all other causes combined, including combat.

2012 March 12, William E. Carter, Merri Sue Carter, “The British Longitude Act Reconsidered”, in American Scientist, volume 100, number 2, page 87:

(nautical) Any craft designed for transportation on water, such as a ship or boat.


box

en-noun

box (plural boxes or (nonstandard, computing, humorous) boxen)

boxes (plural)
boxen (humorous nonstandard plural)

Tok Pisin: bokis

→ Afrikaans: boks

→ Bengali: বাক্স (bakśo)

→ Bulgarian: бокс (boks)

→ Crimean Tatar: boks

→ Danish: boks

→ Dutch: box m

→ Faroese: boks

→ French: box m

→ German: Box f

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: बकस m (bakas), बक्सा m (baksā)

Urdu: بکس m (baks, bakas)

→ Icelandic: box n

→ Indonesian: boks

→ Irish: bosca m

→ Italian: box m

→ Japanese: ボックス (bokkusu)

→ Korean: 박스 (bakseu)

→ Maori: pāka

→ Marwari: बकस (baks, bakas)

→ Nepali: बाकस (bākas)

→ Norman: bosc m

→ Norwegian: boks m

→ Pashto: بکس (baks)

→ Persian: باکس (bâks)

→ Polish: boks m

→ Portuguese: box m

→ Russian: бокс m (boks)

→ Scottish Gaelic: bogsa m, bocsa

→ Spanish: box m

→ Swedish: box c

→ Welsh: bocs

From Middle English box (“container, box, cup”), from Old English box (“box, case”), from Proto-West Germanic *buhsā (“box”) from Late Latin buxis (“box”), Latin pyxis (“small box for medicines or toiletries”), of uncertain origin; compare Ancient Greek πύξος (púxos, “box or tablet made of boxwood; box; cylinder”) and Ancient Greek πυξίς (puxís, “box or tablet made of boxwood; box; cylinder”). Doublet of piseog, pyx, and pyxis.
Cognate with Middle Dutch bosse, busse (“jar; tin; round box”) (modern Dutch bos (“wood, forest”), bus (“container, box; bushing of a wheel”)), Old High German buhsa (Middle High German buhse, bühse, modern German Büchse (“box; can”)), Swedish hjulbössa (“wheel-box”).
The humorous plural form boxen is from box + -en, by analogy with oxen.

rasia

compartment or receptacle for receiving items

ramme

rectangular border around an image, text, etc.

ruutu

small area on a document for a tick mark

tofu

empty box displayed by some computer systems in place of a character not supported by available fonts

They were capable of climbing most hills in second low but for this exercise we decided to go for the bottom of the box, just to be sure.

2000, Bob Foster, Birdum or Bust!, Henley Beach, SA: Seaview Press, page 181:

Senses relating to a three-dimensional object or space.

Thinkin' like Roddy, got a stick in the box (Roddy)
Hide in another car, we just blickin' the opps (Bah)

2023 May 24, “Bounce”, PGF Nuk (lyrics):

Sparks from the derailed bogie of the train were first noticed by the signalman at Slough West box, who immediately sent to Slough Middle box the "Stop and Examine" signal, followed at once by "Obstruction Danger" when he realised that the coach was derailed.

1960 March, “Talking of Trains: The Slough derailment”, in Trains Illustrated, page 132:


lift

en-noun

lift (countable and uncountable, plural lifts)

→ Cantonese: 𨋢／䢂 (lip¹)

→ Dutch: lift
→ Papiamentu: left

→ Malay: lif

desctree

→ Russian: лифт (lift)
→ Armenian: լիֆտ (lift)
→ Georgian: ლიფტი (lipṭi)
→ Kazakh: лифт (lift)
→ Mongolian: лифт (lift)
→ Uyghur: لىفت (lift)
→ Uzbek: lift
→ Yakut: лифт (lift)

→ Swahili: lifti

→ Swedish: lift

From Middle English liften, lyften, from Old Norse lypta (“to lift, air”, literally “to raise in the air”), from Proto-Germanic *luftijaną (“to raise in the air”), related to *luftuz (“roof, air”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *lewp- (“to peel, break off, damage”) or from a root meaning roof (see *luftuz). Cognate with Danish and Norwegian Bokmål løfte (“to lift”), Norwegian Nynorsk and Swedish lyfta (“to lift”), German lüften (“to air, lift”), Old English lyft (“air”). See above. 1851 for the noun sense "a mechanical device for vertical transport".
(To steal): For this sense Cleasby suggests perhaps a relation to the root of Gothic 𐌷𐌻𐌹𐍆𐍄𐌿𐍃 (hliftus) "thief", cognate with Latin cleptus and Greek κλέπτω (kléptō)).

der

(nautical) A rope leading from the masthead to the extremity of a yard below, and used for raising or supporting the end of the yard.

nostin

nautical: rope leading from the masthead to the extremity of a yard below


rate

From Middle English rate, from Old French rate, from Medieval Latin rata, from Latin prō ratā parte (“according to a fixed part”), from ratus (“fixed”), from rērī (“think, deem, judge, estimate", originally "reckon, calculate”).

This textbook is first-rate.

(nautical) A class into which ships were assigned based on condition, size etc.; by extension, rank.


nut

→ Japanese: ナット (natto)

From Middle English nute, note, from Old English hnutu, from Proto-West Germanic *hnut, from Proto-Germanic *hnuts (“nut”), from a root *knu- possibly shared with Proto-Celtic *knūs and Latin nux (“nut”). Based on the form of the nouns and the restriction of the root to Germanic, Celtic and Italic, it has been argued to be of non-Indo-European (substrate) origin.
See also West Frisian nút, Dutch noot, German Nuss, Danish nød, Swedish nöt, Norwegian nøtt.

dió

walnut in particular and an element in the name of some other nuts

dióféle

literally: ’walnut-like’, the family of this fruit

walnuts, hazelnuts/peanuts, chestnuts, and related fruits

even a blind squirrel can find a nut once in a while

(nautical) A projection on each side of the shank of an anchor, to secure the stock in place.


Dutchman

From Middle English Ducheman; equivalent to Dutch + -man.

(nautical) Ellipsis of Flying Dutchman.: a ghost ship


swallow

en-noun

swallow (countable and uncountable, plural swallows)

From Middle English swolowen, swolwen, swolȝen, swelwen, swelȝen, from Old English swelgan, from Proto-West Germanic *swelgan, from Proto-Germanic *swelganą (“to swallow, revel, devour”), from Proto-Indo-European *swelk- (“to gulp”). Cognate with Dutch zwelgen (“to revel, carouse, guzzle”), German schwelgen (“to delight, indulge”), Swedish svälja (“to swallow, gulp”), Icelandic svelgja (“to swallow”), Old English swillan, swilian (“to swill, wash out, gargle”). See also swill.
The noun is from Middle English swelwe, swolwe, from Old English swelh, swelg (“gulf, chasm”) and ġeswelge (“gulf, chasm, abyss, whirlpool”), both from Proto-West Germanic *swelg, *swalgi, from Proto-Germanic *swelgaz, *swalgiz. Cognate with Old English swiliġe (“pit”), Scots swelch, swellie, swallie (“an abyss in the sea, whirpool”), Middle Low German swelch (“whirlpool, eddy”), Dutch zwelg (“gorge, chasm, gullet, throat”), Old Norse svelgr (“whirlpool, current, stream”).

cog

In addition, j-lock shackles can pass through the swallow of a modern genoa track even with a sheet in tension already there, and this is very useful when preparing a sail change on the same tack.

2008, Danilo Fabbroni, Rigging: Rig Your Boat Right for Racing or Cruising:

Blocks are made in a great variety of patterns. All are designed to be used one way. The rope goes through the swallow.

2012, Percy W. Blandford, Practical Knots and Ropework, page 350:

When specifying blocks, excessive friction is avoided by ensuring (a) that the diameter of the sheave is at least twice the circumference of the rope or six times its diameter (preferably more), and (b) that the 'swallow' of the block is substantially wider than the diameter of the rope, to avoid rubbing against the inside of the cheeks.

2012, H.G. Hasler, J.K. McLeod, Practical Junk Rig, page 171:

(nautical) The opening in a pulley block between the sheave and shell through which the rope passes.


platform

From Middle French plateforme (“a flat form”), from plate (“flat”) (from Old French plat, from Ancient Greek πλατύς (platús, “flat”)) + forme (“form”) (from Latin fōrma (“shape; figure; form”)); compare flatscape.

der

We expressed our readiness, and in ten minutes were in the station wagon, rolling rapidly down the long drive, for it was then after nine.[…]As we reached the lodge we heard the whistle, and we backed up against one side of the platform as the train pulled up at the other.

1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter V, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:

People on the platforms / Waiting for the trains / I can hear their hearts a-beatin’ / Like pendulums swinging on chains

1997, Bob Dylan (lyrics and music), “Tryin' to Get to Heaven”, in Time Out of Mind:

“Well, there you are, boy. Platform nine — platform ten. Your platform should be somewhere in the middle, but they don’t seem to have built it yet, do they?”

1997 June 26, J. K. Rowling [pseudonym; Joanne Rowling], Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone (Harry Potter; 1), London: Bloomsbury Publishing, →ISBN:

A “moving platform” scheme[…]is more technologically ambitious than maglev trains even though it relies on conventional rails. […] Stopping high-speed trains wastes energy and time, so why not simply slow them down enough for a moving platform to pull alongside?

2013 June 1, “Ideas coming down the track”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8838, page 13 (Technology Quarterly):

(transport) A raised structure or other area alongside rails or a driveway alongside which vehicles stop to take in and discharge passengers.

月台

goa̍t-tâi, goe̍h-tâi, ge̍h-tâi, ge̍rh-tâi

A car platform consists of the underbody, suspension, and axles, plus components such as the steering mechanism, engine, and powertrain. Using such a platform, a car company can design several distinct car models to suit different customer groups[…]

2017, Vinod K. Jain, Global Strategy: Competing in the Connected Economy, Routledge, →ISBN, page 131:

(automotive) Ellipsis of car platform: a set of components shared by several vehicle models.

pohjalevy

automotive: set of components shared by several vehicle models

(nautical) A light deck, usually placed in a section of the hold or over the floor of the magazine.


platform

en-verb

platform (third-person singular simple present platforms, present participle platforming, simple past and past participle platformed)

platforms (present singular third-person)
platforming (participle present)
platformed (participle past)
platformed (past)

There he was welcomed onboard Vivarail's new three-car battery-powered train and Porterbrook's HydroFLEX hydrogen-powered train, which had been platformed side-by-side to showcase the potential of these low-carbon alternative technologies.

2021 December 1, Paul Stephen, “Network News: Battery and hydrogen trains showcased to PM at COP26”, in RAIL, number 945, page 14:

(rail transport) To place a train alongside a station platform.


crown

→ Japanese: クラウン (kuraun)

→ Korean: 크라운 (keuraun)

→ Maori: karauna

From Middle English coroune, from Anglo-Norman corone, from Latin corōna (“crown, wreath”), from Ancient Greek κορώνη (korṓnē). Doublet of corona, korona, koruna, krona, króna, and krone. Displaced native Old English corenbēag (“crown”); and Middle English kinehelm, kynehelm, from Old English cynehelm (“crown”).
* (paper size): So called because originally watermarked with a crown.

doublet

(nautical) A knot formed in the end of a rope by tucking in the strands to prevent them from unravelling.

pujos

nautical: knot formed in the end of a rope

The honest, rough piece of iron, so simple in appearance, has more parts than the human body has limbs: the ring, the stock, the crown, the flukes, the palms, the shank. All this, according to the journalist, is “cast” when a ship arriving at an anchorage is brought up.

1904–1906, Joseph Conrad, chapter IV, in The Mirror of the Sea, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y., London: Harper & Brothers, published October 1906, →OCLC:

(nautical) The part of an anchor where the arms and the shank meet.

(nautical) The rounding, or rounded part, of the deck from a level line.


crown

en-verb

crown (third-person singular simple present crowns, present participle crowning, simple past and past participle crowned)

crowns (present singular third-person)
crowning (participle present)
crowned (participle past)
crowned (past)

(nautical) To lay the ends of the strands of (a knot) over and under each other.

päätellä

nautical: to lay the ends of the strands over and under each other


fox

en-noun

fox (plural foxes or (nonstandard, dialectal) foxen)

foxes (plural)
foxen (dialectal nonstandard plural)

→ Cheyenne: vóhkéso

→ Japanese: フォックス (fokkusu)

→ Maori: pōkiha

From Middle English fox, from Old English fox (“fox”), from Proto-West Germanic *fuhs, from Proto-Germanic *fuhsaz (“fox”), from Proto-Indo-European *púḱsos (“the tailed one”), possibly from *puḱ- (“tail”).
Cognate with Scots fox (“fox”), West Frisian foks (“fox”), Fering-Öömrang North Frisian foos and Sölring and Heligoland fos, Dutch vos (“fox”), Low German vos (“fox”), German Fuchs (“fox”), Icelandic fóa (“fox”), Tocharian B päkā (“tail, chowrie”), Russian пух (pux, “down, fluff”), Sanskrit पुच्छ (púccha) (whence Torwali پوش (pūš, “fox”), Hindi पूंछ (pūñch, “tail”)).

inh

the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog

(nautical) A small strand of rope made by twisting several rope-yarns together. Used for seizings, mats, sennits, and gaskets.


run

en-verb

run (third-person singular simple present runs, present participle running, simple past ran, past participle run)

runs (present singular third-person)
running (participle present)
ran (past)
run (participle past)
run (infinitive)

From Middle English runnen, rennen (“to run”), alteration (due to the past participle runne, runnen,
yronne) of Middle English rinnen (“to run”), from Old English rinnan, iernan (“to run”) and Old Norse rinna (“to run”), both from Proto-Germanic *rinnaną (“to run”) (compare also *rannijaną (“to make run”)), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃reyH- (“to boil, churn”).
Cognate with Scots rin (“to run”), West Frisian rinne (“to walk, march”), Dutch rennen (“to run, race”), Alemannic German ränne (“to run”), German rennen (“to run, race”), rinnen (“to flow”), Rhein, Danish rende (“to run”), Swedish ränna (“to run”), Swedish rinna (“to flow”), Icelandic renna (“to flow”). Non-Germanic cognates include Albanian rend (“to run, run after”). See random.

purjehtia myötätuuleen

to sail a boat with the wind coming from behind

hold with the hare and run with the hounds

run around like a chicken with its head cut off

the course of true love never did run smooth

you can't run with the hare and hunt with the hounds

you don't miss the water till the well runs dry

you never miss the water till the well runs dry

you never miss the water until the well runs dry

(nautical, of a vessel) To sail before the wind, in distinction from reaching or sailing close-hauled.


run

rise

antonym(s) of “horizontal part of a step”

rise

antonym(s) of “horizontal distance of a set of stairs”

juoksu

point scored in baseball, cricket or similar games

(nautical) The stern of the underwater body of a ship from where it begins to curve upward and inward.


snow

From Low German Snaue, or Dutch snauw, from Low German Snau (“a snout, a beak”). See snout.

A Snow of 120 Tons, and 48 Men,[…]Mounting 12 Carriage Guns, besides Swivels.

1763, Sir Stephen Janssen, 4th Baronet, Smuggling Laid Open:

(nautical, historical) A two-masted, square-rigged vessel, trysail-mast stepped immediately abaft the main mast.


house

en-verb

house (third-person singular simple present houses, present participle housing, simple past and past participle housed)

houses (present singular third-person)
housing (participle present)
housed (participle past)
housed (past)

From Middle English housen, from Old English hūsian, from Proto-Germanic *hūsōną (“to house, live, dwell”), from the noun (see above). Compare Dutch huizen (“to live, dwell, reside”), German Low German husen (“to live, dwell, reside”), German hausen (“to live, dwell, reside”), Norwegian Nynorsk husa (“to house”), Faroese húsa (“to house”), Icelandic húsa (“to shelter, house”).

cog

to house the upper spars

(nautical) To stow in a safe place; to take down and make safe.


floor

non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger

non-rhotic, dough–door merger, African-American Vernacular

From Middle English flor, flore, from Old English flōr (“floor, pavement, ground, bottom”), from Proto-West Germanic *flōr, from Proto-Germanic *flōraz (“flat surface, floor, plain”), from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₂ros (“floor”), from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₂- (“flat”).
Cognate with Scots flure, fluir (“floor”), Saterland Frisian Floor (“floor”), West Frisian flier (“floor”), Dutch vloer (“floor”), German Low German Floor (“entry hall”), German Flur (“field, floor, entrance hall”), Swedish flor (“floor of a cow stall”), Irish urlár (“floor”), Scottish Gaelic làr (“floor, ground, earth”), Welsh llawr (“floor, ground”), Latin plānus (“level, flat”).

cog

(nautical) That part of the bottom of a vessel on each side of the keelson which is most nearly horizontal.

pohja

nautical: near-horizontal part of the bottom of a vessel


pass

en-verb

pass (third-person singular simple present passes, present participle passing, simple past and past participle passed)

passes (present singular third-person)
passing (participle present)
passed (participle past)
passed (past)

From Middle English passen, from Old French passer (“to step, walk, pass”), from Vulgar Latin *passāre (“step, walk, pass”), derived from Latin passus (“a step”), from pandere (“spread, unfold, stretch”), from Proto-Italic *patnō, from Proto-Indo-European *pth₂noh₂, from Proto-Indo-European *peth₂- (“to spread, stretch out”). Cognate with Old English fæþm (“armful, fathom”). More at fathom.
Displaced native Old English gengan.

اِجْتَازَ

to go through any inspection or test successfully

hyväksyttää

to cause to advance by stages of process

(transitive, nautical) To take a turn with (a line, gasket, etc.), as around a sail in furling, and make secure.


pass

→ Tibetan: སྤ་སེ (spa se)

From Middle English pas, pase, pace, from passen (“to pass”).

pyyhkäisy

movement of a tool over something, or something over a tool

(rail transport) A passing of two trains in the same direction on a single track, when one is put into a siding to let the other overtake it.


list

From Middle English lī̆st, lī̆ste (“band, stripe; hem, selvage; border, edge, rim; list, specification; barriers enclosing area for jousting, etc.”), from Old English līste (“hem, edge, strip”), or Old French liste, listre (“border; band; strip of paper; list”), or Medieval Latin lista, all from Proto-West Germanic *līstā, from Proto-Germanic *līstǭ (“band, strip; hem, selvage; border, edge”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *leys- (“to trace, track”).
cognates
* Saterland Frisian Lieste (“margin, strip, list”)
*Dutch lijst (“picture frame, list”)
* German Low German Liest (“edging, border”)
* German Leiste (“strip, rail, ledge; (heraldry) bar”)
* Swedish lista (“list”)
* Icelandic lista listi (“list”)
* Italian lista (“list; strip”)
* Portuguese lista (“list”)
* Spanish lista (“list, roll; stripe”)
* Galician lista (“band, strip; list”)
* Finnish lista (“(informal) list; batten”).

cog

(ropemaking) A piece of woollen cloth with which the yarns are grasped by a worker.


list

Uncertain; possibly from tilting on lists in jousts, or from Etymology 4 in the sense of inclining towards what one desires.

(nautical) A careening or tilting to one side, usually not intentionally or under a vessel's own power.

накреняване

nautical: tilting or careening to one side


list

en-verb

list (third-person singular simple present lists, present participle listing, simple past and past participle listed)

lists (present singular third-person)
listing (participle present)
listed (participle past)
listed (past)

the steady wind listed the ship

(transitive, nautical) To cause (something) to tilt to one side.

накренявам

to cause (something) to tilt to one side

the ship listed to port

Even a small camber one way caused the whole outfit to list alarmingly.

2000, Bob Foster, Birdum or Bust!, Henley Beach, SA: Seaview Press, page 173:

(intransitive, nautical) To tilt to one side.


salt

salt (third-person singular simple present salts, present participle salting, simple past and past participle salted)

salts (present singular third-person)
salting (participle present)
salted (participle past)
salted (past)

PIE word
 *séh₂ls
From Middle English salt, from Old English sealt, from Proto-West Germanic *salt, from Proto-Germanic *saltą, from Proto-Indo-European *séh₂ls (“salt”). Doublet of sal, ultimately from Latin sāl (“salt”), which it superseded as the general term for "salt".

(nautical, of a ship) To fill with salt between the timbers and planks for the preservation of the timber.


key

From Middle English keye, kaye, keiȝe, from Old English cǣġ (“key, solution, experiment”) (whence also Scots key and kay (“key”)), of uncertain origin. The only sure cognates are Saterland Frisian Koai (“key”), West Frisian kaai (“key”), and North Frisian kay (“key”). Possibly from Proto-Germanic *kēgaz, *kēguz (“stake, post, pole”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵogʰ-, *ǵegʰ-, *ǵegʰn- (“branch, stake, bush”), which would make it cognate with Middle Low German kāk (“whipping post, pillory”), and perhaps to Middle Dutch keige (“javelin, spear”) and Middle Low German keie, keige (“spear”). For the semantic development, note that medieval keys were simply long poles (ending in a hook) with which a crossbar obstructing a door from the inside could be removed from the outside, by lifting it through a hole in the door. Liberman has noted, however, "The original meaning of *kaig-jo- was presumably '*pin with a twisted end.' Words with the root *kai- followed by a consonant meaning 'crooked, bent; twisted' are common only in the North Germanic languages."

шпи́лка

object used to maintain the orientation between two others

Key in the Encyclopædia Britannica (11th edition, 1911)

(rail transport) A wooden support for a rail on the bullhead rail system.


stop

en-verb

stop (third-person singular simple present stops, present participle stopping, simple past and past participle stopped)

stops (present singular third-person)
stopping (participle present)
stopped (participle past)
stopped (past)
stop (infinitive)

continue

antonym(s) of “to cause to cease moving”

continue

antonym(s) of “to cause to come to an end”

→ Finnish: stop

→ French: stop

→ Greek: στοπ (stop)

→ Hungarian: stop

→ Irish: stop

→ Italian: stop

→ Latvian: stop

→ Ottoman Turkish: استوپ (istop)

→ Polish: stop

→ Portuguese: stop

→ Russian: стоп (stop)

→ Spanish: stop

→ Welsh: stopio

→ Tok Pisin: stap

From Middle English stoppen, stoppien, from Old English stoppian (“to stop, close”), from Proto-West Germanic *stoppōn, from Proto-Germanic *stuppōną (“to stop, close”), *stuppijaną (“to push, pierce, prick”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewp-, *(s)tewb- (“to push; stick”), from *(s)tew- (“to bump; impact; butt; push; beat; strike; hit”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian stopje (“to stop, block”), West Frisian stopje (“to stop”), Dutch stoppen (“to stop”), Low German stoppen (“to stop”), German stopfen (“to be filling, stuff”), German stoppen (“to stop”), Danish stoppe (“to stop”), Swedish stoppa (“to stop”), Icelandic stoppa (“to stop”), Middle High German stupfen, stüpfen (“to pierce”). More at stuff, stump.
Alternative etymology derives Proto-West Germanic *stoppōn from an assumed Vulgar Latin *stūpāre, *stuppāre (“to stop up with tow”), from stūpa, stīpa, stuppa (“tow, flax, oakum”), from Ancient Greek στύπη (stúpē), στύππη (stúppē, “tow, flax, oakum”). This derivation, however, is doubtful, as the earliest instances of the Germanic verb do not carry the meaning of "stuff, stop with tow". Rather, these senses developed later in response to influence from similar sounding words in Latin and Romance.

megakadályoz

to cause to cease progressing, to prevent

if you find yourself in a hole, the first thing to do is stop digging


start

en-verb

start (third-person singular simple present starts, present participle starting, simple past and past participle started)

starts (present singular third-person)
starting (participle present)
started (participle past)
started (past)

→ Cantonese: 撻／挞 (taat¹)

→ Dutch: starten

→ German: starten

→ Norman: stèrter

→ French: starter

→ Icelandic: starta

→ Faroese: starta

→ Norwegian Bokmål: starte

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: starta

→ Swedish: starta

→ Danish: starte

→ Slovak: štartovať

From Middle English sterten (“to leap up suddenly, rush out”), from Old English styrtan (“to leap up, start”), from Proto-West Germanic *sturtijan (“to startle, move, set in motion”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ter- (“to be stiff”). Cognate with Old Frisian stirta (“to fall down, tumble”), Middle Dutch sterten (“to rush, fall, collapse”) (Dutch storten), Old High German sturzen (“to hurl, plunge, turn upside down”) (German stürzen), Old High German sterzan (“to be stiff, protrude”). More at stare.

cog

when the looting starts, the shooting starts

to start a water cask

(transitive, nautical) To pour out; to empty; to tap and begin drawing from.


pipe

en-verb

pipe (third-person singular simple present pipes, present participle piping, simple past and past participle piped)

pipes (present singular third-person)
piping (participle present)
piped (participle past)
piped (past)

From Middle English pīpe, pype (“hollow cylinder or tube used as a conduit or container; duct or vessel of the body; musical instrument; financial records maintained by the English Exchequer, pipe roll”), from Old English pīpe (“pipe (musical instrument); the channel of a small stream”), from Proto-West Germanic *pīpā. Reinforced by Vulgar Latin *pīpa, from Latin pipire, pipiare, pipare, from pīpiō (“to chirp, peep”), of imitative origin. Doublet of fife.
The “storage container” and “liquid measure” senses are derived from Middle English pīpe (“large storage receptacle, particularly for wine; cask, vat; measure of volume”), from pīpe (above) and Old French pipe (“liquid measure”). In specific contexts, calques similar units of measure such as Portuguese pipa.
The verb is from Middle English pīpen, pypyn (“to play a pipe; to make a shrill sound; to speak with a high-pitched tone”), from Old English pīpian (“to pipe”).

onomatopoeic

imitative

inh

Pipe down the starboard watch, boatswain, and see that they go.

1888–1891, Herman Melville, “[Billy Budd, Foretopman.] Chapter XXIII.”, in Billy Budd and Other Stories, London: John Lehmann, published 1951, →OCLC, page 298:

(transitive, nautical) To order or signal by a note pattern on a boatswain's pipe.


translavation

(obsolete, nautical) A laving or lading from one vessel to another.


mark

→ Bengali: মার্কা (marka)

→ Cantonese: 嘜／唛 (mak¹, maak¹)

→ Japanese: マーク (māku)

→ Korean: 마크 (makeu)

From Middle English mark, merk, merke, from Old English mearc (“mark, sign, line of division; standard; boundary, limit, term, border; defined area, district, province”), from Proto-West Germanic *marku, from Proto-Germanic *markō (“boundary; boundary marker”), from Proto-Indo-European *marǵ- (“edge, boundary, border”).
Compare march.
cognates
* Dutch mark, merk (“mark, brand”)
* German Mark (“mark; borderland”), Marke (“brand”)
* Swedish mark (“mark, land, territory”)
* Icelandic mark (“mark, sign”)
* Latin margo (“edge, margin”)
* Persian مرز (marz, “limit, boundary”)
* Sanskrit मर्या (maryā, “limit, mark, boundary”), मार्ग (mārga, “mark, section”).

cog

(heading) Indicator of position, objective etc.

(nautical) One of the bits of leather or coloured bunting placed upon a sounding line at intervals of from two to five fathoms. (The unmarked fathoms are called "deeps".)


drag

en-noun

drag (countable and uncountable, plural drags)

From Middle English draggen (“to drag”), early Middle English dragen (“to draw, carry”), confluence of Old English dragan (“to drag, draw, draw oneself, go, protract”) and Old Norse draga (“to draw, attract”); both from Proto-Germanic *draganą (“to draw, drag”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰregʰ- (“to draw, drag”).
Verb sense influenced due to association with the noun drag (“that which is hauled or dragged”), related to Low German dragge (“a drag-anchor, grapnel”). Cognate with Danish drægge (“to dredge”), Danish drage (“to draw, attract”), Swedish dragga (“to drag, drag anchor, sweep”), Swedish draga (“to draw, go”), Icelandic draga (“to drag, pull”). Doublet of draw.

cog

(nautical) The difference between the speed of a screw steamer under sail and that of the screw when the ship outruns the screw; or between the propulsive effects of the different floats of a paddle wheel.

luisto

nautical: difference between the true speed of a vessel and theoretical speed attainable by the propeller


home

From Middle English hōm, from Old English hām, from Proto-West Germanic *haim, from Proto-Germanic *haimaz (“home, village”), from Proto-Indo-European *tḱóymos (“village, home”), from the root *tḱey-. Doublet of heyem.
cognates
Germanic cognates: see *haimaz.
Cognate with Irish caoimh (“dear”), Lithuanian kaimas (“village”), šeima (“family”), Albanian komb (“nation, people”), Old Church Slavonic сѣмь (sěmĭ, “seed”), Ancient Greek κώμη (kṓmē, “village”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱey- (“to lie”) (compare Hittite [script needed] (kittari, “it lies”), Ancient Greek κεῖμαι (keîmai, “to lie down”), Latin civis (“citizen”), Avestan 𐬯𐬀𐬉𐬙𐬈 (saēte, “he lies, rests”), Sanskrit शये (śáye, “he lies”)).

cog

sails sheeted home

(nautical) into the right, proper or stowed position


handsomely

en-adv

handsomely (comparative more handsomely, superlative most handsomely)

more handsomely (comparative)
most handsomely (superlative)

(nautical) Carefully; in shipshape style; without undue haste.


churn

en-verb

churn (third-person singular simple present churns, present participle churning, simple past and past participle churned)

churns (present singular third-person)
churning (participle present)
churned (participle past)
churned (past)

Noun from Middle English chyrne, cherne, kyrne ( > Scots kirn), from Old English ċyrn, ċyrin, ċirin (“churn”), from Proto-Germanic *kirnijǭ (“churn”); verb from Middle English chyrnen from Old English ċernan, from Proto-Germanic *kirnijaną (“to churn, stir”), of unknown origin. Cognate with West Frisian tsjerne, Dutch karn, Walloon serene, German Karn, Kirne, Norwegian Bokmål kjerne, Danish kærne, Swedish kärna, Icelandic kirna.

der

(informal, travel, aviation) To repeatedly cancel and rebook a reservation in order to refresh ticket time limits or other fare rule restrictions.

(US, informal, finance, travel) To continually sign up for new credit cards in order to earn signup bonuses, airline miles, and other benefits.


stealth

From Middle English stelthe, from Old English stǣlþ, from Proto-Germanic *stēliþō, equivalent to steal + -th. Compare Old English stalu (“theft, stealth”), Old High German stāla (“theft”), German Diebstahl (“theft”).

(military, aviation, vehicles, technology) Having properties that diminish radar signatures.


cardinal

en-adj

cardinal (comparative more cardinal, superlative most cardinal)

more cardinal (comparative)
most cardinal (superlative)

From Middle French cardinal, from Latin cardinālis (“pertaining to a hinge, hence applied to that on which something turns or depends, important, principal, chief”), from cardin-, cardō (“hinge”) + -ālis, adjectival suffix.

der

a cardinal mark

(nautical) Of or relating to the cardinal directions (north, south, east and west).

главен

of or relating to the cardinal directions


TOC

train operating company
train operating company#English

(UK, rail transport) Initialism of train operating company.


passage

Borrowed into Middle English from Old French passage, from passer (“to pass”).

the Northwest Passage

(nautical) A strait or other narrow waterway.


labour

en-noun

labour (countable and uncountable, plural labours)

labours (plural)
spelling (Australian Canada)
spelling (Canada New-Zealand)

From Middle English labor, labour, labur, from Old French labor (modern labeur) and its etymon, Latin labor.

(nautical) The pitching or tossing of a vessel which results in the straining of timbers and rigging.


labour

en-verb

labour (third-person singular simple present labours, present participle labouring, simple past and past participle laboured)

labours (present singular third-person)
labouring (participle present)
laboured (participle past)
laboured (past)
spelling (Australian Canada)
spelling (Canada New-Zealand)

From Middle English labouren, from Old French laborer, from Latin laborare (“(intransitive) to labor, strive, exert oneself, suffer, be in distress, (transitive) to work out, elaborate”), from labor (“labor, toil, work, exertion”); perhaps remotely akin to robur (“strength”). Displaced native English swink (“toil, labor”).

der

the ship laboured so much, and took in so much water in her upper works, that we could neither eat, nor sleep dry

1808, William Gilpin, Memoirs of Josias Rogers, Esq:

(nautical) To pitch or roll heavily, as a ship in a turbulent sea.


IMO

(UN, nautical) Initialism of International Maritime Organization.


PS

en-noun

PS (countable and uncountable, plural PSes or PSs)

(nautical) Initialism of paddle steamer.


put in

en-verb

put in (third-person singular simple present puts in, present participle putting in, simple past and past participle put in)

puts in (present singular third-person)
putting in (participle present)
put in (participle past)
put in (past)

We put in at Brixham, a most excellent fishing Town, but very dirty and disagreeable.

1773, Frances Burney, Journals & Letters, Penguin, published 2001, page 18:

“They were bound for Quebec—hadn’t any notion of coming to P. E. I. They had a long rough voyage and water got scarce, so the captain of the New Moon put in here to get some.

1923, Lucy Maud Montgomery, “Chapter 7”, in Emily of New Moon:

(intransitive, nautical, dated) To call at (a place or port), especially as a deviation from an intended journey.


ordinal

Borrowed from Latin ōrdinālis, adjective formed from noun ōrdō (“order”), + adjective suffix -ālis.


splash

splash (third-person singular simple present splashes, present participle splashing, simple past and past participle splashed)

splashes (present singular third-person)
splashing (participle present)
splashed (participle past)
splashed (past)

Probably an alteration of plash (compare spatter, spill for the initial s-).

In the two years following Midway, Japanese shipyards managed to splash only six additional fleet carriers. The United States in the same period added seventeen, along with ten medium carriers and eighty-six escort carriers.

1999 March, David M. Kennedy, "Victory at Sea": Atlantic Monthly:

(transitive, nautical) To launch a ship.


ABC

en-noun

ABC (countable and uncountable, plural ABCs or ABC's)

From Middle English abece, ABC, from the first three letters of the Latin alphabet, standing for the whole alphabet.

For this reason his heart sank when, emerging from his study into the great hall at quarter to eleven, he met Beaver already dressed and prepared to be entertained; it was only a momentary vexation, however, for while he wished him good morning he noticed that his guest had an A.B.C. in his hands and was clearly looking out a train.

1934, Evelyn Waugh, A Handful of Dust, Chapman & Hall:

(UK, rail transport) A British alphabetized guidebook listing trains and their stations.


ABC

ABC (countable and uncountable, plural ABCs)

active body control
active body control#English

(automotive) Initialism of active body control.


ABC

w:Atlanta, Birmingham and Coast Railroad

(US, rail transport) Initialism of Atlanta, Birmingham and Coast Railroad.


ABC

(electronics, electric vehicles, automotive) Initialism of always be charging; a recommendation to remember to charge or be left without use by a low battery at an inopportune time.


DOJ

(travel, aviation) Initialism of double open jaw.


seize

en-verb

seize (third-person singular simple present seizes, present participle seizing, simple past and past participle seized)

seizes (present singular third-person)
seizing (participle present)
seized (participle past)
seized (past)

Earlier seise, from Middle English seisen, sesen, saisen, from Old French seisir (“to take possession of; invest (person, court)”), from Early Medieval Latin sacīre (“to lay claim to, appropriate”) (8th century) in the phrase ad propriam sacire, from Old Low Frankish *sakjan (“to sue, bring legal action”), from Proto-Germanic *sakjaną, *sakōną (compare Old English sacian (“to strive, brawl”)), from Proto-Germanic *sakaną (compare Old Saxon sakan (“to accuse”), Old High German sahhan (“to bicker, quarrel, rebuke”), Old English sacan (“to quarrel, claim by law, accuse”). Cognate to sake and Latin sagio (“to perceive acutely”).

cog

to seize two fish-hooks back to back

to seize or stop one rope on to another

(transitive, nautical) To bind, lash or make fast, with several turns of small rope, cord, or small line.

rihmata

nautical: to bind, lash or make fast with several turns of small rope


STS

en-noun

STS (countable and uncountable, plural STSs)

special treatment steel
w:special treatment steel

(metallurgy, military, nautical, historical) Initialism of special treatment steel (a type of homogenous armor plate).


tack

tack (countable and uncountable, plural tacks)

From Middle English tak, takke (“hook; staple; nail”), from Old Northern French taque (“nail, pin, peg”), from Frankish *takkō, from Proto-Germanic *takkô (“tip; point; protrusion; prong; tine; jag; spike; twig”), of unknown origin, but possibly from Proto-Indo-European *dHgʰ-n-, from the root *déHgʰ- (“to pinch; to tear, rip, fray”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian Takke (“bough; branch; twig”), West Frisian takke (“branch”), tûk (“branch, smart, sharp”), Dutch tak (“twig; branch; limb”), German Zacke (“jag; prong; spike; tooth; peak”).

cog

(nautical) The lower corner on the leading edge of a sail relative to the direction of the wind.

halso

nautical: lower corner of the leading edge of a sail

(nautical) A course or heading that enables a sailing vessel to head upwind.

(nautical) The maneuver by which a sailing vessel turns its bow through the wind so that the wind changes from one side to the other.

(nautical) The distance a sailing vessel runs between these maneuvers when working to windward; a board.

(nautical) A rope used to hold in place the foremost lower corners of the courses when the vessel is close-hauled; also, a rope employed to pull the lower corner of a studding sail to the boom.

halssi

nautical: rope used to hold in place the foremost lower corner of the sail


tack

en-verb

tack (third-person singular simple present tacks, present participle tacking, simple past and past participle tacked)

tacks (present singular third-person)
tacking (participle present)
tacked (participle past)
tacked (past)

From Middle English takken (“to attach; nail”), from the noun (see above).

inh

Coordinate term: sail close to the wind

(nautical) To maneuver a sailing vessel so that its bow turns through the wind, i.e. the wind changes from one side of the vessel to the other.

сменям галса

nautical: to turn the bow through the wind

en:sail to windward using alternating turns

(intransitive, nautical) To sail to windward using a series of alternate tacks across the wind.


pitch

From Middle English picchen, pycchen (“to thrust in, fasten, settle”), from Old English *piċċan, from Proto-West Germanic *pikkijan, a variant of Proto-West Germanic *pikkōn (“to pick, peck”), whence Middle English pikken, picken (“to pick, pierce”), modern English pick.

килово клатене

nautical: measure of extent to which a vessel's bow and stern go up and down

the pitch of an aircraft

The rotation angle about the transverse axis.

(nautical, aviation) The degree to which a vehicle, especially a ship or aircraft, rotates on such an axis, tilting its bow or nose up or down. Compare with roll, yaw, and heave.

nyökkääminen

aviation: measure of the degree to which an aircraft's nose tilts up or down


pitch

en-verb

pitch (third-person singular simple present pitches, present participle pitching, simple past and past participle pitched or (obsolete) pight)

pitches (present singular third-person)
pitching (participle present)
pitched (participle past)
pitched (past)
pight (obsolete participle past)
pight (obsolete past)

Spanish: pichar

uhrata

card games: discard a card for some gain

The typhoon pitched the deck of the ship.

The airplane pitched.

His bone leg steadied in that hole ; one arm elevated, and holding by a shroud ; Captain Ahab stood erect, looking straight out beyond the ship's ever-pitching prow.

1851 November 14, Herman Melville, chapter 28, in Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers; London: Richard Bentley, →OCLC, page 136:

Half a dozen deserted boats pitched aimlessly upon the confusion of the waves.

1898, H.G. Wells, The War of the Worlds, London: William Heinemann, page 103:

(transitive, intransitive, aviation or nautical) To move so that the front of an aircraft or boat goes alternatively up and down.

jyskiä

move so that the front of the craft goes alternatively up and down


CD

en-noun

CD (countable and uncountable, plural CDs)

Abbreviation of various terms and phrases.


fast

From Middle English fast, fest, from Old English fæst (“firm, secure”), from Proto-West Germanic *fast, from Proto-Germanic *fastuz; see it for cognates and further etymology.
The development of “rapid” from an original sense of “secure” apparently happened first in the adverb and then transferred to the adjective; compare hard in expressions like “to run hard”. The original sense of “secure, firm” is now slightly archaic, but retained in the related fasten (“make secure”). Also compare close meaning change from Latin rapiō (“to snatch”) to Latin rapidus (“rapid, quick”), from Irish sciob (“to snatch”) to Irish sciobtha (“quick”).

(British, rail transport) A train that calls at only some stations it passes between its origin and destination, typically just the principal stations


SRC

Short Range Certificate
Short Range Certificate#English

(nautical) Initialism of Short Range Certificate (certificate that entitles the holder to operate a maritime VHF radio).


HBO

/ˌeɪtʃ ˌbiː ˈoʊ/

(aviation, travel) Initialism of hand baggage only. (fare type)


FF

(automotive) The Ferrari FF (Ferrari Four), an all-wheel drive grand tourer by Ferrari.


coke

en-verb

coke (third-person singular simple present cokes, present participle coking, simple past and past participle coked)

cokes (present singular third-person)
coking (participle present)
coked (participle past)
coked (past)

Perhaps from Middle English coke, colk (“core”), from Old English *colc (“hole, well”), from Proto-West Germanic *kolk, from Proto-Germanic *kulukaz (“a hollow, depression”), from Proto-Indo-European *g(ʷ)el- (“to swallow, devour; gullet”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian Kolk (“maelstrom, depression, whirlpool”), West Frisian kolk (“maelstrom, whirlpool”), Dutch kolk (“maelstrom, vortex, whirlpool”), German Kolk (“pothole”).

cog

In kerolox engines, some of the fuel flow cokes in the engine's cooling passages over time, requiring thorough cleaning prior to reuse.

(especially automotive, astronautics) To add deleterious carbon deposits as a byproduct of combustion.


call

en-noun

call (countable and uncountable, plural calls)

→ Armenian: քոլ (kʻol)

→ Georgian: ქოლი (koli)

From Middle English callen, from Old English ceallian (“to call, shout”) and Old Norse kalla (“to call; shout; refer to as; name”); both from Proto-Germanic *kalzōną (“to call, shout”), from Proto-Indo-European *golH-so- (“voice, cry”), from *gel(H)- (“to vocalize, call, shout”).
cognates
* Scots call
* caw, ca (“to call, cry, shout”)
* Dutch kallen (“to chat, talk”),
* German kallen (“to call”) obsolete
* Swedish kalla (“to call, refer to, beckon”)
* Norwegian kalle (“to call, name”)
* Danish kalde (“to call, name”)
* Icelandic kalla (“to call, shout, name”)
* Welsh galw (“to call, demand”)
* Polish głos (“voice”)
* Lithuanian gal̃sas (“echo”)
* Russian голос (golos, “voice”)
* Albanian gjuhë (“language, tongue”).

cog

the call is coming from inside the house

The ship made a call at Southampton.

(nautical) A visit by a ship or boat to a port.

käynti

nautical: visit by a ship or boat to a port

(nautical) A whistle or pipe, used by the boatswain and his mate to summon the sailors to duty.

puosunpilli

nautical: whistle or pipe used to summon the sailors to duty


tank

→ Afrikaans: tenk

→ Albanian: tank

→ Assamese: টেংকি (teṅki)

→ Asturian: tanque

→ Azerbaijani: tank

→ Bashkir: танк (tank)

→ Belarusian: танк (tank)

→ Bengali: ট্যাংক (ṭêṅko)

→ Burmese: တင့်ကား (tang.ka:)

→ Buryat: танк (tank)

→ Catalan: tanc

→ Chechen: танк (tank)

→ Chinese:

Mandarin: 坦克 (tǎnkè)

→ Chuvash: танк (tank)

→ Czech: tank

→ Danish: tank

→ Dutch: tank

→ Dzongkha: ཏེངཀ (tengk)

→ Eastern Mari: танк (tank)

→ Estonian: tank

→ Fiji Hindi: tanki

→ Finnish: tankki

→ French: tank

→ Galician: tanque

→ Georgian: ტანკი (ṭanḳi)

→ German: Tank

→ Greek: τανκ (tank)

→ Greenlandic: tanki

→ Hebrew: טנק (tank)

desctree

→ Hindi: टंकी (ṭaṅkī)
→ Burmese: တိုင်ကီ (tuingki)

→ Indonesian: tank

→ Italian: tank, tanca

→ Japanese: タンク (tanku)

→ Kazakh: танк (tank)

→ Korean: 탱크 (taengkeu)

→ Kumyk: танк (tank)

→ Kyrgyz: танк (tank)

→ Latvian: tanks

→ Lezgi: танк (tank)

→ Lithuanian: tankas

→ Macedonian: тенк (tenk)

→ Malay: tank

→ Maori: taika

→ Norwegian: tank, tanks

→ Ossetian: танк (tank)

→ Persian: تانک (tânk)

desc

→ Portuguese: tanque (“armored vehicle”)

→ Quechua: tanki

→ Romanian: tanc

→ Romansch: tanc

desctree

→ Russian: танк (tank)
→ Armenian: տանկ (tank)
→ Kazakh: танк (tank)
→ Mongolian: танк (tank)

→ Carpathian Rusyn: танк (tank)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: тенк

Latin script: tenk

→ Sidamo: tanke

→ Slovak: tank

→ Slovene: tank

→ Swahili: tangi

→ Tajik: танк (tank), тонк (tonk)

→ Tamil: தாங்கி (tāṅki)

→ Tatar: танк (tank)

→ Tokelauan: tane

→ Turkish: tank

→ Turkmen: tank

→ Ukrainian: танк (tank)

→ Upper Sorbian: tank

→ Urdu: ٹینک (ṭaink)

→ Uzbek: tank

→ Vietnamese: xe tăng

→ Walloon: tank

→ Welsh: tanc

→ Yakut: тааҥка (taañka)

→ Yiddish: טאַנק (tank)

From Portuguese tanque (“tank, liquid container”), originally from Indian vernacular for a large artificial water reservoir, cistern, pool, etc., for example, Gujarati ટાંકી (ṭā̃kī) or Marathi टाकी (ṭākī). Compare the Arabic verb اِسْتَنْقَعَ (istanqaʕa, “to become stagnant, to stagnate”).
In the sense of armoured vehicle, first attested in 1915, prototypes were described as tanks for carrying water to disguise their nature as well as due to physical resemblance.

der

Before their conversion to 4-6-0 tender locomotives, the L.B. & S.C.R. Baltic tank engines Nos. 330 to 334 measured 50 ft. 5 in. over buffers; the nearest present approach to this figure is the 49 ft. 10½ in. of the remaining ex-Lancashire & Yorkshire Hughes type 4-cylinder 4-6-4 tanks of the L.M.S.R. The Furness and G. & S.W.R. 4-6-4 tanks of the same company, all now scrapped, were, respectively, 49 ft. 1½ in. and 47 ft. 8 in. long.

1941 September, “The Why and the Wherefore: The Longest Tank Locomotives”, in Railway Magazine, pages 431–432:

Representing the older types now are some Stroudley 0-6-0 tanks, while a Drummond "C14" 0-4-0 tank might still be pottering about on the Town Quays as of yore.

1952 February, R. A. H. Weight, “A Railway Recorder in Wessex”, in Railway Magazine, page 133:

(rail transport) Short for tank engine and tank locomotive.


AAA

Ahead of one of the busiest travel periods of the year, the American Automobile Association (AAA) said more than 112 million people planned to travel 50 miles (80 km) or more from home between 23 December and 2 January.

2022 December 23, Jon Henley, Edward Helmore, Maya Yang, “Gigantic US winter storm leaves millions without power and cancels holiday plans”, in The Guardian:

American Automobile Association
w:American Automobile Association

(US, automotive) Initialism of American Automobile Association.

(Australia, automotive) Initialism of Australian Automobile Association.


lunar

From Middle English lunar (“shaped like the crescent moon”), from Latin lūnāris (“of or pertaining to the moon, lunar”) (possibly through Middle French lunaire (modern French lunaire (“lunar”)), from lūna (“the Moon; crescent shape”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *lewk- (“bright; to shine”)) + -is (suffix forming adjectives).

der

[Y]oung beginners cannot be too often cautioned that a single lunar is of little or no value until the observer knows the usual difference between his lunars taken on opposite sides of the moon; and these should be taken with the same instrument, using the same screens and telescope, for he must remember that they may be expected to differ. My star lunars differ from three to four minutes, or say fifty miles of longitude; my sun lunars from one to two minutes, or say twenty minutes of longitude.

1859 October, Henry Toynbee, “A Few More Words on Lunars”, in The Nautical Magazine and Naval Chronicle: A Journal of Papers on Subjects Connected with Maritime Affairs, volume XXVIII, number 10, London: Simpkin, Marshall and Co. […]; and J. D. Potter, […], →OCLC, page 511:

With cheap quartz watches (several, for reliability) we can do all the modern celestial navigation we could want. But learning and practicing lunars gives us deeper insight into celestial navigation; an appreciation for their historical importance and difficulty; and perhaps most significant of all, after conquering lunars we can appreciate the great convenience of St. Hilaire sights and modern quartz watches. Moreover, in the rare event of losing UT, with lunars and only a poor watch we can still be confident of finding our longitude at sea (well, OK, to within 30′).

2007, John Karl, “Lunar Distance Sights”, in Celestial Navigation in the GPS Age, Arcata, Calif.: Paradise Cay Publications; Wichita, Kan.: Celestaire, →ISBN, pages 96–97:

(nautical, navigation) An observation of a lunar distance (“the angle between the Moon and another celestial body”), especially for establishing the longitude of a ship at sea.


tort

en-adj

tort (comparative torter, superlative tortest)

torter (comparative)
tortest (superlative)


mile

en-noun

mile (plural miles or (UK colloquial) mile)

miles (plural)
mile (UK colloquial plural)

From Middle English myle, mile, from Old English mīl, from Proto-West Germanic *mīliju, a borrowing of Latin mīlia, mīllia, plural of mīle, mīlle (“mile”) (literally ‘thousand’ but used as a short form of mīlle passūs (“a thousand paces”)).

a journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step

give someone an inch and someone will take a mile

give them an inch and they'll take a mile

(travel) An airline mile in a frequent flyer program.


premier

Borrowed from Middle French premier (adjective), from Latin prīmārius. Doublet of primary.

prime minister

parliamentary leader of government and leader of cabinet in a national parliament

prime minister

head of government in a non-Westminster system

(nautical, slang) The first lieutenant or other second-in-command officer of a ship.

втори офицер

nautical slang: the second-in-command officer of a ship


sonar

sonar (countable and uncountable, plural sonars)

→ Catalan: sonar

→ Dutch: sonar

desctree

→ French: sonar
→ Romanian: sonar
→ Turkish: sonar

→ German: Sonar

→ Italian: sonar

→ Polish: sonar

→ Portuguese: sonar

→ Serbo-Croatian: sonar

→ Spanish: sonar

From SONAR, acronym of sound navigation and ranging. Coined by American scientist Frederick Vinton Hunt in the 1940s.

coin

(nautical) A device that uses hydrophones (in the same manner as radar) to locate objects underwater.


line

→ Scottish Gaelic: loidhne

From Middle English line, lyne, from Old English līne (“line, cable, rope, hawser, series, row, rule, direction”), from Proto-West Germanic *līnā, from Proto-Germanic *līnǭ (“line, rope, flaxen cord, thread”), from Proto-Germanic *līną (“flax, linen”), from Proto-Indo-European *līno- (“flax”).
Influenced in Middle English by Middle French ligne (“line”), from Latin linea. More at linen.
The oldest sense of the word is “rope, cord, thread”; from this the senses “path”, “continuous mark” were derived.

lyn

path through two or more points, threadlike mark

lyn

single horizontal row of text on a screen, printed paper, etc.

linja

measure of length, the main division of an inch or its local equivalent

"I guess it's like race cars - if you get the right line you can come out at top speed."

2021 February 12, The Road Ahead, Brisbane, page 10, column 3:

A path through two or more points (compare ‘segment’); a continuous mark, including as made by a pen; any path, curved or straight.

(automotive) A particular path taken by a vehicle when driving a bend or corner in the road.

A more-or-less straight sequence of people, objects, etc., either arranged as a queue or column and often waiting to be processed or dealt with, or arranged abreast of one another in a row (and contrasted with a column), as in a military formation.

(military, nautical) Ellipsis of line of battle.


line

en-verb

line (third-person singular simple present lines, present participle lining, simple past and past participle lined)

lines (present singular third-person)
lining (participle present)
lined (participle past)
lined (past)

The dispatcher lined the switches at Pickle interlocking for the freight turnout to clear the train into the passing track before the express arrived.

(rail transport) To align (one or more switches) to direct a train onto a particular track.


feather

From Middle English feþer, from Old English feþer, from Proto-West Germanic *feþru, from Proto-Germanic *feþrō, from Proto-Indo-European *péth₂r̥ (“feather, wing”), from *peth₂- (“to fly”).
See also West Frisian fear, German Low German Fedder, Dutch veder, veer, German Feder, Yiddish פֿעדער (feder), Danish fjer, Swedish fjäder, Icelandic fjöður, Faroese fjøður, Norwegian Bokmål fjær, fjør, Norwegian Nynorsk fjør. Also Ancient Greek πέτομαι (pétomai), Albanian shpend (“bird”), Latin penna, Old Armenian թիռ (tʻiṙ).

inh

Signal M123 is a conventional 3-aspect colour light with three Junction Indicators - commonly known as 'feathers'.

2020 December 30, David Allen, “Unusual signals...: Morpeth Signal M123”, in Rail, page 64:

(rail transport) A junction indicator attached to a colour-light signal at an angle, which lights up, typically with four white lights in a row, when a diverging route is set up.


daily

From Middle English dayly, from Old English dæġlīċ, from Proto-West Germanic *dagalīk, from Proto-Germanic *dagalīkaz (“daily”), equivalent to day + -ly. Cognate with Scots dayly, daly (“daily”), German Low German dagelk, dagelik (“daily”), Dutch dagelijks (“daily”), German täglich (“daily”), Danish daglig (“daily”), Swedish daglig (“daily”), Icelandic daglegur (“daily”).

Something that is produced, consumed, used, or done every day.

(US, automotive, colloquial) A daily driver.


daily

(US, automotive, colloquial) To drive an automobile frequently, on a daily basis, for regular and mundane tasks.


XL

en-noun

XL (countable and uncountable, plural XLs)

(automotive) A designation for a trim level within a model of trucks; it denotes midrange features.


roadster

(nautical) A clumsy vessel that works its way from one anchorage to another by means of the tides.


FX

(Philippines, road transport) a public transport service typically using a Tamaraw FX vehicle


jaunty

Formerly spelt janty, from French gentil. See gentle, and compare genty. Doublet of genteel, gentile, and gentle.

(nautical) A master-at-arms onboard a Royal Navy ship.


MM

Mahim Junction railway station
w:Mahim Junction railway station

(rail transport) The station code of Mahim Junction railway station in India.


fire engine

A fire aboard TfW 175007, working a Holyhead-Cardiff Central service on February 8, closed the A483 road while five fire engines from Wrexham, Deeside, and Cheshire attended the scene.

2023 March 22, “Network News: Class 175s withdrawn for safety checks after fires”, in RAIL, number 979, page 13:

(firefighting, vehicles) A vehicle used by firefighters to pump water to fight a fire. Typically, a fire engine carries a supply of water and has the ability to connect to an external water supply.


porthole

Alteration of portal, as is from port + hole.

(nautical) A circular window set in the hull of a ship.


luff

From Old French lof. Collins English Dictionary states that this word is ultimately derived from Middle Dutch loef. Ellert Ekwall's Shakspere's Vocabulary: its etymological elements (1903) related this verb and loof instead to the East Frisian verb lofen, lufen, which would make it cognate to the French term lover.

By easing the halyard, the luff of the sail was made to sag to leeward.

"The man at the helm was watching the luff of the sail and whistling away gently to himself."

1883, Robert Louis Stevenson, Treasure Island:

(nautical) The vertical edge of a sail that is closest to the direction of the wind.

(nautical) The act of sailing a ship close to the wind.

(nautical) The roundest part of a ship's bow.

(nautical) The forward or weather leech of a sail, especially of the jib, spanker, and other fore-and-aft sails.


luff

en-verb

luff (third-person singular simple present luffs, present participle luffing, simple past and past participle luffed)

luffs (present singular third-person)
luffing (participle present)
luffed (participle past)
luffed (past)

I thought how my life is like a little boat and I must hold the tiller steady against the buffeting of wind and waves, and how sometimes, like this morning, I lose my hold somehow and the sail luffs helplessly and the little vessel wallows, turning this way and that in the swell.

(nautical, of a sail, intransitive) To shake due to being trimmed improperly.

"Helm there! Luff, luff a point! So; steady, man, steady!"

(nautical, of sailing vessels, intransitive) To bring the ship's head up closer to the wind. (Alternatively luff up)

(nautical, transitive) to let out (a sail) so that it luffs.


launch

→ Irish: lainse

From Portuguese lancha (“barge, launch”), apparently from Malay lancar (“quick, agile”). Spelling influenced by the verb above.

(nautical) The boat of the largest size and/or of most importance belonging to a ship of war, and often called the "captain's boat" or "captain's launch".

(nautical) A boat used to convey guests to and from a yacht.

(nautical) An open boat of any size powered by steam, petrol, electricity, etc.


sloop

→ Bengali: সুলুপ (śulup)

→ Catalan: sloop

→ Czech: šalupa

→ Danish: slup

→ Estonian: luup

→ Faroese: slupp

→ Finnish: sluuppi

→ French: sloop

→ German: Sloop, Slup, Schlup

→ Icelandic: slúppa

→ Italian: sloop

→ Norwegian: slupp

→ Polish: slup

→ Serbo-Croatian: слуп (slup)

→ Slovene: šalupa

→ Swedish: slup

→ Thai: สลุบ (sà-lùp)

Borrowed from Dutch sloep. Doublet of chalupa and shallop.

1789, Olaudah Equiano (Gustavus Vassa), The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano,
I stayed in this island for a few days; I believe it could not be above a fortnight; when I and some few more slaves, that were not saleable amongst the rest, from very much fretting, were shipped off in a sloop for North America.

And where but from Nantucket, too, did that first adventurous little sloop put forth, partly laden with imported cobblestones—so goes the story—to throw at the whales, in order to discover when they were nigh enough to risk a harpoon from the bowsprit?

1851 November 14, Herman Melville, chapter 2, in Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers; London: Richard Bentley, →OCLC, page 8:

Mr. Cooke had had a sloop yacht built at Far Harbor, the completion of which had been delayed, and which was but just delivered.

1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter X, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:

(nautical) A single-masted sailboat with only one headsail.


fireball

/ˈfaɪəɹˌbɔl/

Chelyabinsk meteor
Nevada Test Site
Operation Upshot–Knothole

The noun is derived from fire (noun) + ball (noun). The adjective and verb are derived from the noun.

tulipallo

bag or ball filled with combustible material; (heraldry) charge depicting a disc-shaped bombshell

(sailing) A class of sailing dinghy with a single trapeze and a symmetrical spinnaker, sailed by a crew of two.


bus

→ Arabic: بَاص (bāṣ)

⇒ Burmese: ဘတ်စ်ကား (bhatcka:)

→ Cantonese: 巴士

→ Mandarin: 巴士 (bāshì)

→ German: Bus m

→ Hindi: बस (bas)

→ Irish: bus

desctree

→ Japanese: バス (basu)
→ Hakka: 巴士 (pa-sṳ́)
→ Hokkien: 巴士 (bá-suh)
→ Kavalan: basu
→ Sakizaya: basu

→ Korean: 버스 (beoseu)

→ Kurtöp: བས (bas)

→ Malay: bas

→ Pashto: بس

⇒ Sanskrit: बसयान (basayāna)

→ Scottish Gaelic: bus

→ Thai: บัส (bát)

→ Tibetan: འབའ་སེ ('ba' se)

→ Urdu: بس

→ Welsh: bws

Clipping of omnibus. Formerly often spelt 'bus. The electrical sense is derived from figurative application of the automotive sense.

(automotive) A motor vehicle for transporting large numbers of people along roads; by extension, the driver of said vehicle

(chiefly US, Canada) A coach, a bus used for long travels.


bus

en-verb

bus (third-person singular simple present busses or buses, present participle bussing or busing, simple past and past participle bussed or bused)

busses (present singular third-person)
buses (present singular third-person)
bussing (participle present)
busing (participle present)
bussed (participle past)
bussed (past)
bused (participle past)
bused (past)

Machine guns are the most effective form of ‘election campaigning’, but the occupiers appear to also be bussing in ‘voters’ from the Russian Federation, and ‘registering total strangers in the homes of people forced to flee after the Russian invasion.

2024 March 13, Halya Coynash, “Russians with machine guns ensure occupied Ukraine ‘votes’ for Putin”, in Human Rights in Ukraine. The Information Portal of the Kharkiv Human Rights Protection Group:

The ANC has accused the IFP of bussing in voters from other wards to vote during the recent Newcastle Municipality by-election won by the IFP.

2024 March 14, Clive Ndou, “ANC set to open case against ‘ghost IFP voters’”, in The Witness:

(transitive, automotive, transport) To transport via a motor bus.

But if you ask me to bus my children / I hope the cops take down your name

1966, Phil Ochs, “Love Me, I'm a Liberal”, in Phils Ochs in Concert:

...to strike down Detroit's federal court order to bus students across school district lines for the purpose of desegregation and therefore nullify many busing programs throughout the country.

2008, Ashley R. Holm, Racial Differences in Student Engagement and Attainment: A Study of Topeka High School, 1939--1984, ProQuest, →ISBN, page 23:

(transitive, automotive, transport, chiefly US) To transport students to school, often to a more distant school for the purposes of achieving racial integration.

(intransitive, automotive, transport) To travel by bus.


ply

ply (third-person singular simple present plies, present participle plying, simple past and past participle plied)

plies (present singular third-person)
plying (participle present)
plied (participle past)
plied (past)

From apply; compare Middle English plīen, pli, plie, pleie (“to place (something) around, on, or over, to cover; to apply, use; to strive”), short for aplīen, applīen (“to combine, join; to attach; to assemble; to use, be of use; to allot; to apply; to inflict; to go; to ply, steer; to comply, submit”), from Old French applier, aplier, aploier (“to bend; to apply”), from Latin applicāre, present active infinitive of applicō (“to apply; to attach, join; to add”), from ad- (“to, towards”) + plicō (“to bend, fold, roll up”); see further at etymology 1.

to ply the seven seas

The steamer plies between several ports on the coast.

[T]he ſaid corporation ſhall and may be authorized and required to licenſe all ſuch perſon or perſons as ſhall keep or drive any cars, drays or carts, plying for hire within the ſaid town of Wexford,

1794, “Chap. XXVI. An Act for the Improvement of the Town and Harbour of Wexford, and for Building a Bridge or Bridges over the River Slaney, at or near said Town.”, in Statutes Passed in the Parliaments Held in Ireland, volume X, Dublin: Printed by George Grierson, […], published 1799, →OCLC, section LXXIII, page 56:

An act of parliament, empowering the plaintiffs, a company, to ply on Sundays from certain points on the south bank of the Thames, but imposing no obligation to provide means of transport or to maintain their plying-places, does not confer an exclusive right against the rest of the world, such as the Court of Chancery will interfere to protect; […]

1866 March 21, “Letton v. Goodden”, in Montagu Chambers, Francis Towers Streeten, Frederick Hoare Colt, editors, The Law Journal Reports for the Year 1866: […], volumes XXXV (New Series; volume XLIV overall), part I (Chancery and Bankruptcy), London: Printed by James Holmes, […]; [p]ublished by Edward Bret Ince, […], →OCLC, headnote, page 427, column 1:

Steam navigation is in its infancy: four small 600-ton steamers ply between Hankow, Changsha, and Siangtan; and there are also perhaps a score of launches plying in and out of the province.

1907, Mark Tennien, edited by Marshall Broomhall, The Chinese Empire: A General & Missionary Survey, London: Morgan & Scott, page 169:

Before the bridging of the Forth, the train ferry which plied across the estuary from Granton to Burntisland was inconvenient, slow, and uncomfortable, and although an alternative route was available, it meant a detour by rail of 70 miles via Stirling [...].

1941 January, the late John Phillimore, “The Forth Bridge 1890-1940”, in Railway Magazine, page 5:

(transitive, intransitive, transport) To travel over (a route) regularly.

Weighed anchor about five morn, and plied till about noon, and then anchored. This day, at morn, went about the general to council: the result was, the fleet should ply near, as with convenience, to the Texel, to prevent a conjunction of those ships there with Admiral [Maarten] Tromp; […]

1653 July 21, William Penn, Granville Penn, “A Journal on the Vanguard”, in Memorial of the Professional Life and Times of Sir William Penn, Knt. Admiral and General of the Fleet, during the Interregnum; Admiral and Commissioner of the Admiralty and Navy, after the Restoration. From 1644 to 1670. … In Two Volumes, volume I, London: James Duncan, […], published 1833, →OCLC, page 535:

(intransitive, nautical, obsolete) To manoeuvre a sailing vessel so that the direction of the wind changes from one side of the vessel to the other; to work to windward, to beat, to tack.


jib

Attested since the 1660s, of uncertain origin. Perhaps related to jib (“shift or swing around”) (see below).

(nautical) A triangular staysail set forward of the foremast. In a sloop (see image) the basic jib reaches back roughly to the level of the mast.

(nautical, usually with a modifier) Any of a variety of specialty triangular staysails set forward of the foremast.


jib

jib (third-person singular simple present jibs, present participle jibbing, simple past and past participle jibbed)

jibs (present singular third-person)
jibbing (participle present)
jibbed (participle past)
jibbed (past)

Attested since the 1680s (also spelled jibe and gybe), perhaps from Dutch gijben (a variant of gijpen (“to turn sails suddenly”), whence certainly the form jibe) or else from Danish gibbe (“jib, jibe”), related to Swedish gippa (“jib, jibe, jerk, make jump”). Compare also Middle High German gempeln (“to spring”), Swedish guppa (“to move up and down”), Swedish gumpa (“to jump, spring”). See jump.

cog

(chiefly nautical) To shift, or swing around, as a sail, boom, yard, etc., as in tacking.


jibe

(nautical, now chiefly US) Alternative spelling of gybe


jibe

en-verb

jibe (third-person singular simple present jibes, present participle jibing, simple past and past participle jibed)

jibes (present singular third-person)
jibing (participle present)
jibed (participle past)
jibed (past)


topsail

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-topsail.wav

From Middle English topsail, topsayl, topseyle, topsaill, equivalent to top + sail.

(nautical) A sail or either of the two sails rigged just above the course sail and supported by the topmast on a square-rigged sailing ship.

(nautical) In a fore-and-aft-rigged sailing boat, the sail that is set above the gaff at the top part of the mast.


hook

sometimes in Northern England and Ireland, otherwise obsolete

From Middle English hoke, from Old English hōc, from Proto-West Germanic *hōk, from Proto-Germanic *hōkaz, variant of *hakô (“hook”), probably ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kog-, *keg-, *keng- (“peg, hook, claw”).
Cognates
Compare West Frisian heak, Dutch haak (“hook”)) (compare West Frisian/Dutch hoek (“hook, angle, corner”), Low German Hook, Huuk); also related to hake.

(nautical, chiefly historical) A knee-shaped wooden join connecting the keel to the stem (post forming the frontmost part of the bow) or the sternpost in cog-like vessels or similar vessels.

stevenhaak

knee-shaped wooden join connecting the keel to the stem or the sternpost


ho

From Middle English ho, hoo (interjection), probably from Old Norse hó! (interjection, also, a shepherd's call). Compare Dutch ho, German ho, Old French ho! (“hold!, halt!”).

der

Sail ho! ― Another boat is visible!

Land ho! ― Land is visible!

Man ho! ― A town is visible!

(nautical) Used to attract attention to something sighted, usually by lookouts.


staff

en-noun

staff (countable and uncountable, plural staffs or staves or staff)

staffs (plural)
staves (plural)
staff (plural)

Token (railway signalling)#Staff and ticket

→ French: staff

→ Italian: staff

→ Japanese: スタッフ (sutaffu)

→ Korean: 스태프 (seutaepeu)

→ Malay: staf

→ Portuguese: stafe

→ Spanish: staff

From Middle English staf, from Old English stæf (“letter of the alphabet”), from Proto-West Germanic *stab, from Proto-Germanic *stabaz. Cognate with Dutch staf, German Stab, Swedish stav.
Sense of "group of military officers that assists a commander" and similar meanings, attested from 1702, is influenced by or is even from German Stab.

inh

The train-staff and ticket system was used widely at one time, until superseded by electrical token systems, the first of which, the tablet system, appeared in 1878, […].

1946 July and August, “Wise's Train Staff”, in Railway Magazine, page 214:

The first up train was the morning semi-fast ex Buncrana, which sped through with No. 8 at its head, adroitly exchanging staffs at about 15 m.p.h. […] The next train through Tooban was our opposite number, and we duly received the vital staff.

1949 November and December, K. Longbottom, “By Goods Train to Gweedore”, in Railway Magazine, page 355:

The unusual rolling stock, the fare collection methods, and the exchange of train staffs make it quite clear that here is something out of the ordinary run of suburban electric lines.

1951 November, R. K. Kirkland, “The Wimbledon and West Croydon Line of the Southern Region”, in Railway Magazine, page 726:

(rail transport, archaic) A form of token once used, in combination with a ticket, for safe train movements between two points on a single line.


screw

From Middle English screw, scrue (“screw”); apparently, despite the difference in meaning, from Old French escroue (“nut, cylindrical socket, screwhole”), from Latin scrōfa (“female pig”) through comparison with the corkscrew shape of a pig's penis. There is also the Old French escruve (“screw”), from Old Dutch *scrūva ("screw"; whence Middle Dutch schruyve (“screw”)), which probably influenced or conflated with the aforementioned, resulting in the Middle English word.
more on the etymology of screw
Old French escroue (whence Medieval Latin scrofa (“nut, screwhole”)), is believed to be an adaptation of Latin scrōfa (“sow, female pig”); but this development is not found in other Romance languages. (For change in meaning, compare also Spanish puerca, Portuguese porca, both ‘sow; screw nut’, and is based on the fact that a boar's penis has a screw-like tip, making the sow's vulva equivalent to a screw nut by analogy).
Old Dutch *scrūva possibly derives from Proto-Germanic *skrūbō (“screw”), from *skru- (“to cut”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)keru-, *(s)ker- (“to cut”), and is related to German Schraube (“screw”), Low German schruve, schruwe (“screw”), Dutch schroef (“screw”), West Frisian skroef (“screw”), Danish skrue (“screw”), Swedish skruv (“screw, peg”), Icelandic skrúfa (“screw”).
Compare also Occitan escrofa (“screw nut”), Calabrese scrufina (“screw nut”), which may be borrowings of the Old French word, or parallel developments.

gloss

"screw"; whence Middle Dutch <i class="Latn mention" lang="dum">schruyve</i> (“screw”)

шрүп

predominant in Mongolia, unstandardised spelling

the first turn of the screw pays all debts

It is never possible to settle down to the ordinary routine of life at sea until the screw begins to revolve. There is an hour or two, after the passengers have embarked, which is disquieting and fussy.

1915, G[eorge] A. Birmingham [pseudonym; James Owen Hannay], chapter I, in Gossamer, New York, N.Y.: George H. Doran Company, →OCLC, page 01:

A device that has a helical function.
(nautical) A ship's propeller.

A device that has a helical function.
A ship's propeller.


bolt

→ Irish: bolta

→ Japanese: ボルト (boruto)

→ Maltese: bolt

desctree

→ Russian: болт (bolt)
→ Azerbaijani: bolt
→ Ingrian: boltta

→ Scottish Gaelic: bolta

From Middle English bolt, from Old English bolt, from Proto-West Germanic *bolt, from Proto-Germanic *bultaz, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeld- (“to knock, strike”). Compare Lithuanian beldu (“I knock”), baldas (“pole for striking”). Akin to Dutch and West Frisian bout, German Bolz or Bolzen, Danish bolt, Swedish bult, Icelandic bolti.

der

A large roll of fabric or similar material, as a bolt of cloth.

(nautical) The standard linear measurement of canvas for use at sea: 39 yards.


waist

→ Japanese: ウエスト (uesuto)

Inherited from Middle English wast (“waist”), probably from Old English *wæst, *wǣst, *weaxt, *wæhst, from Proto-West Germanic *wahstu, from Proto-Germanic *wahstuz (“growth, development, stature, build”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂weg-s- (“to multiply, increase”). Cognate with Middle English wacste (“growth, increase, might, power”), Middle High German wahst (“growth”), Danish vækst (“growth”), Swedish växt (“growth, development, size”), Icelandic vöxtur (“growth”), Gothic 𐍅𐌰𐌷𐍃𐍄𐌿𐍃 (wahstus, “growth”). Related to Old English weaxan (“to grow, increase”). More at wax.

cog

There he stood, very quietly overlooking some sailmakers who were mending a top-sail in the waist.

1851 November 14, Herman Melville, “chapter 18”, in Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers; London: Richard Bentley, →OCLC:

(nautical) That part of the upper deck of a ship between the quarterdeck and the forecastle.


characteristic

/ˌkæɹəktəˈɹɪstɪk/

[ˌkʰæɹəktəˈɹɪstɪk]

General American, Mary–marry–merry merger

/ˌkɛɹəktəˈɹɪstɪk/

From Ancient Greek χαρακτηριστικός (kharaktēristikós), from χαρακτηρίζω (kharaktērízō, “to designate by a characteristic mark”), from χαρακτήρ (kharaktḗr, “a mark, character”).

der

χαρακτηριστικός

(nautical) The distinguishing features of a navigational light on a lighthouse etc by which it can be identified (colour, pattern of flashes etc.).


operator

en-noun

operator (countable and uncountable, plural operators)

/ˈɒpəˌɹeɪtə/

/ˈɑpəˌɹeɪtɚ/

Borrowed from Latin operatōr, from operor (“work, labour”). Equivalent to operate + -or.


sole

→ Hebrew: סוֹל (sol)

From Middle English sole, soole, from Old English sole, solu. Reinforced by Anglo-Norman sole, Old French sole, from Vulgar Latin *sola (“bottom of the shoe”, also “flatfish”), from Latin solea (“sandal, bottom of the shoe”), from Proto-Indo-European *swol- (“sole”). Cognate with Dutch zool (“sole, tread”), German Sohle (“sole, insole, bottom, floor”), Danish sål (“sole”), Icelandic sóli (“sole, outsole”), Gothic 𐍃𐌿𐌻𐌾𐌰 (sulja, “sandal”). Related to Latin solum (“bottom, ground, soil”). More at soil.

cog

The rudder remains to be repaired, and is unshipped for the purpose; the sole of it is entirely gone

The bottom or lower part of anything, or that on which anything rests in standing.

(nautical) A piece of timber attached to the lower part of the rudder, to make it even with the false keel.

(nautical) The floor inside the cabin of a yacht or boat


poppet

After passing through the poppet valve, the impulse air and water flows through a poppet discharge stop valve and then through a discharge pipe to the poppet drain tank or bilge

(nautical) One of certain upright timbers on the bilge ways, used to support a vessel in launching.


tangent

Borrowed from Latin tangentem, the accusative of tangēns (“touching”) (in the phrase līnea tangēns (“a touching line”)), the present participle of the verb tangō (“touch”, verb), from Proto-Italic *tangō, from Proto-Indo-European *teh₂g- (“to touch”).
Cognate with Old English þaccian (“to touch lightly, pat, stroke”). More at thack, thwack.

cog

The collision occurred on a two-mile stretch of tangent track.

(rail transport, of track) Straight; not horizontally curved.


pot

From Middle English pot, potte, from Old English pott (“pot”) and Old French pot (“pot”) (probably from Frankish *pott); both Old English and Frankish from Proto-Germanic *puttaz (“pot”), from Proto-Indo-European *budnós (“a type of vessel”).
Cognate with Saterland Frisian Pot (“pot”), Dutch pot (“pot”), German Low German Pott (“pot”), German Pott (“pot”), Swedish potta (“chamber pot”), Icelandic pottur (“tub, pot”), Old Armenian պոյտն (poytn, “pot, earthen pot”). Also, Old Norse pottr (“pot, tub, basin”).
The sense of ruin or deterioration was originally a general allusion to "being chopped up and tossed in a (normally fiery) pot, like a piece of meat" (i.e. to get wasted or done with (by someone)). The 'clean' slang term which was used in reference to toilet rooms and lavatories apparently derives from English chamberpots, although now usually encountered as potty in the context of children's toilet training.

pussitus

cue sports: act of causing a ball to fall into a pocket

not have a pot to piss in or a window to throw it out of

(rail transport) A pot-shaped non-conducting (usually ceramic) stand that supports an electrified rail while insulating it from the ground.

eriste

rail transport: non-conducting stand that supports the third rail


mast

From Middle English mast, from Old English mæst (“mast”), from Proto-West Germanic *mast, from Proto-Germanic *mastaz (“mast, sail-pole”), from Proto-Indo-European *mazdos (“pole, mast”). Cognate with Dutch mast, German Mast, and via Indo-European with Latin mālus, Russian мо́ст (móst, “bridge”), Irish adhmad.

der

(nautical, communication, aviation) A tall, slim post or tower, usually tapering upward, used to support, for example, sails or observation platforms on a ship, the main rotor of a helicopter, flags, floodlights, meteorological instruments, or communications equipment, such as an aerial, usually supported by guy-wires (except in the case of a helicopter).


chop

en-verb

chop (third-person singular simple present chops, present participle chopping, simple past and past participle chopped)

chops (present singular third-person)
chopping (participle present)
chopped (participle past)
chopped (past)

Uncertain, perhaps a variant of chap (“cheap”). Compare Middle English copen (“to buy”), Dutch kopen (“to buy”).

The wind chops about.