retail apocalypse

en-noun

retail apocalypse (plural retail apocalypses)

First appeared in print in an early 1990s essay by It's Not My Department! author Peter Glen.

Toys “R” Us is hardly the only retail operation to learn this lesson the hard way. The so-called retail apocalypse felled roughly 7,000 stores and eliminated more than 50,000 jobs in 2017.

2018 June 13, Bryce Covert, “The Demise of Toys 'R' Us Is a Warning”, in The Atlantic, →ISSN:

The threat of a retail apocalypse coming for your business depends on the specific retail category and your current operations.

2023 March 12, Jake Rheude, “Retail Apocalypse: What Is It and Should You Follow the Trend?”, in Loss Prevention Magazine:

(economics, US, urban studies, neologism) The long-term decline of brick-and-mortar retail stores, especially large chains, that sell clothing, electronics, and other consumer goods, otherwise beginning around 2010 and accelerating due to the mandatory closures during the COVID-19 pandemic.


hyperphysical retail

From Balenciaga's pink fur-clad pop-ups to Jacquemus' bag vending machines: at a time when many consumers have yet to abandon e-commerce as their preferred mode of purchase, hyperphysical retailing is catalysing the attention of younger consumers.

2022 May 5, Lucy Shaw, “The future of retail is "hyperphysical"”, in Nss magazine:

While hyperphysical retail is more about enhancing the customer experience and increasing brand recognition and accessibility, as opposed to simply selling products, sales are still at the forefront of brands’ minds.

2022 June 17, “Let’s get physical: Why Hyperphysical stores are this year’s biggest retail trend in Asia”, in Global Retail Alliance, archived from the original on 2022-07-05:

In-store analytics facilitates continuous testing and iteration of experiences within hyperphysical retail environments.

2023 June 21, Ashton Kirsten, “Understanding 'Hyperphysical' Luxury Retail”, in RetailNext:

Balenciaga is also dipping its well-manicured toes into hyperphysical retail at its pop-ups dedicated to its Le Cagole it-handbag in London and Bangkok, which feature an explosion of shaggy pink faux fur covering every imaginable surface.

2023 August 4, Lucy Shaw, “Experience Radar 28: Retail Fights Back With Hyperphysical Stores And Multiverse Storytelling Grips Tinseltown”, in WorldXO:

3. To demonstrate your understanding of retail terminology, research your own examples of fashion retailers that use/have used the following in their retail strategy and suggest their reasons for doing so: temporary retail/pop-up stores; phygital retail, hyperphysical retail, third place.

2024, Bethan Alexander, Rosemary Varley, “Managing fashion retail space and place”, in Rosemary Varley, Ana Roncha, Natascha Radclyffe-Thomas, Liz Gee, editors, Fashion Management: A Strategic Approach, London: Bloomsbury, →ISBN, page 254:

(economics, marketing, business, neologism) The activity of making a shop more visually appealing and creating interesting experiences for the people who go there.


Great Wealth Transfer

In a paper titled “Planning For The Great Wealth Transfer,” David L. Babson & Co. Inc. points out the transfer may not go as smoothly as expected unless those passing the money down prove to be as adept at unloading money as they were at making and saving it.

[1992 July 5, Dick Marlowe, “Tax Bite Threatens Americans’ Inheritance”, in Orlando Sentinel, page D1:

The Great Wealth Transfer – as it is breathlessly called by financial advisers, estate lawyers, tax collectors, philanthropy directors and assorted “wealth counselors” – will be a steady, soaking rain for decades. A 1999 report by the Social Welfare Research Institute at Boston College estimated that at least $41 trillion, and quite possibly double or triple that amount, will change hands by 2052.

2003 June 8, Stephen Dubner, “Suddenly Popular”, in New York Times Magazine, page 68:

John Havens and Paul Schervish note that over the next 55 years America will experience a “great wealth transfer” where $41 trillion will likely be passed on from one generation to the next—through bequest, philanthropy, and taxes.

2006 November, Noah Drezner, “Recessions and Tax-Cuts: Economic Cycles’ Impact on Individual Giving, Philanthropy, and Higher Education”, in International Journal of Educational Advancement, volume 6, number 4, →DOI:

Whether you are the direct recipient in the Great Wealth Transfer, or not, this shifting of assets has the potential to impact you, your business and those around you.

2023 December 5, Jennifer Wines, “How Might the Great Wealth Transfer Change Society?”, in Kiplinger:

(economics, US) The gradual movement of money from baby boomers (people born in the mid-1940s to mid-1960s) to younger generations, either given as gifts or passed on through inheritance.


time-use research

(economics) An interdisciplinary field of study dedicated to learning how people allocate their time during an average day.


time-use survey

time-use survey (plural time-use surveys)

(economics, statistics) A statistical survey which aims to report data, on average, on the manners and ways of people spending their time.


time value of money

(economics, business, finance) A widely accepted conjecture that there is greater benefit to receiving a sum of money now rather than an identical sum later.


time trade

(business, shipping) The request of a shipper to exchange a batched shipment with another shipper.


socially necessary labour time

socially necessary labour time (countable and uncountable, plural socially necessary labour times)

socially necessary labour times (plural)

(Marxism, economics) The average quantity of labour time that must be performed under currently prevailing conditions to produce a commodity.


handling time

handling time (countable and uncountable, plural handling times)

(business, shipping) The total number of business days from the moment one receives payment for an item and the moment when the package is processed or scanned at a shipping carrier.


storage time

storage time (countable and uncountable, plural storage times)

(business, shipping)The total amount of time that a product spends in materials storage, in inventory that is in-process, or in an inventory of finished goods.


immaculate disinflation

immaculate disinflation (usually uncountable, plural immaculate disinflations)

So, although the Steelers’ Immaculate Reception took mere seconds, the Fed’s attempt at an Immaculate Disinflation will take many more months to play out.

2022 September 1, Matthew Slaughter, Matthew Rees, “The Quest for the Immaculate Disinflation”, in Center for Business, Government & Society, archived from the original on 2024-05-04:

The window for a soft landing caused by “immaculate disinflation” appears to be closing rapidly, with the odds of a hard landing or recession climbing with each successive Fed rate hike. Market participants should not assume disinflation will be a straight downward line but rather a longer, slower grind toward the Fed’s preferred inflation target of 2%.

2023 February 22, Mark Hackett, Ben Ayers, “Immaculate disinflation: A long way to lower inflation”, in Nationwide Financial, archived from the original on 2024-05-04:

While some have labeled this unusual pattern “immaculate disinflation,” CEA has argued that a likely explanation is straightforward: normalization of the economy’s supply side. The rise in inflation earlier in the pandemic was driven by two primary factors: pandemic-driven supply-chain bottlenecks and strong consumer demand, which includes compositional shifts in demand from goods to services.

2023 November 30, “Disinflation Explanation: Supply, Demand, and their Interaction”, in White House, archived from the original on 2024-01-23:

He added that immaculate disinflation wrongly suggested that the trend was unexplainable, when “disinflation is primarily due to the fading economic fallout from the pandemic and Russian war in Ukraine”. That, he said, “was predictable”.

2024 March 19, Valentina Romei, “Central bankers see ‘immaculate disinflation’ within reach”, in Financial Times, archived from the original on 2024-03-20:

(economics) A situation where inflation decreases without a corresponding increase in unemployment or a slowdown in economic growth.


accelerator effect

accelerator effect (usually uncountable, plural accelerator effects)

gross domestic product
gross domestic product

(economics) The positive effect on private fixed investment of the growth of the market economy, commonly measured by a change in gross domestic product.


Averch-Johnson effect

Averch-Johnson effect (plural Averch-Johnson effects)

Named after Harvey Averch and Leland L. Johnson who proposed the idea.

(economics) The tendency of regulated companies to engage in excessive amounts of capital accumulation in order to expand the volume of their profits.


Balassa-Samuelson effect

Balassa-Samuelson effect (plural Balassa-Samuelson effects)

Named after Béla Balassa and Paul Samuelson.

(economics) The tendency for consumer prices to be systematically higher in more developed countries than in less developed countries.


Penn effect

Named after the University of Pennsylvania.

(economics) The finding that commodity prices are higher in countries with higher income.


clientele effect

clientele effect (plural clientele effects)

(economics, finance) The idea that the set of investors attracted to a particular kind of security will affect the price of the security when policies or circumstances change.


embedding effect

embedding effect (plural embedding effects)

contingent valuation
contingent valuation

(economics) The inconsistency in the value of a specific public good by using a contingent valuation or willingness-to-pay method due to the difficulty for individuals to identify the particular value that they attach to one particular thing which is embedded in a collection of similar things; these resulting problems are called the part-whole bias and sequencing and nesting.


part-whole bias

part-whole bias (plural part-whole biases)

(economics) The empirical finding that a good is perceived to have greater value when assessed individually rather than as part of a larger group, often related to contingent valuation.


contingent valuation

contingent valuation (plural contingent valuations)

(economics) A survey-based technique for the valuation of non-market resources, such as environmental preservation or the impact of externalities like pollution.


Florence Nightingale effect

Florence Nightingale effect (uncountable)

Named after English social reformer, statistician and the founder of modern nursing Florence Nightingale.

(economics) A trope where a caregiver falls in love with their patient, even if very little communication or contact takes place outside of basic care.


Epps effect

Named after T. W. Epps, who proposed the effect.

(economics) The phenomenon that the empirical correlation between the returns of two different stocks decreases with the length of the interval for which the price changes are measured.


Gerschenkron effect

Gerschenkron effect (plural Gerschenkron effects)

Named after Alexander Gerschenkron who developed the idea.

(economics, statistics) The theory that changing the base year for an index determines the growth rate of the index.


Keynes effect

Named after English economist John Maynard Keynes.

(economics) The phenomenon in which a decrease in price level leads to a decrease in interest rates, provided there's no liquidity trap or interest-unresponsive expenditure.


Peltzman effect

Peltzman effect (plural Peltzman effects)

(economics) The reduction of predicted benefit from regulations that intend to increase safety.


Pigou effect

Coined by Don Patinkin in 1948 after Arthur Cecil Pigou.

(economics) The stimulation of output and employment caused by increasing consumption due to a rise in real balances of wealth, particularly during deflation.


lead-lag

lead-lag (usually uncountable, plural lead-lags)

Some of these studies, based on behavioural finance, state that the information diffusion process is relevant in the predictability of stock prices. The rate of reaction to news plays an important role in the lead-lag effect.

2017 July 26, María Isabel Cambóna, Maria Andreea Vaduva, “Lead-lag patterns in the Spanish and other European equity markets”, in The Spanish Review of Financial Economics, volume 15, number 2, →DOI, pages 63-77:

We utilize robust lead-lag indicators to uncover the origin of price discovery and we propose an econometric model exploiting that effect with level 1 data of limit order books (LOB).

2022 September 30, Cédric Poutré, Georges Dionne, Gabriel Yergeau, “The Profitability of Lead-Lag Arbitrage at High-Frequency”, in Social Science Research Network, →DOI:

Whereas industry lead-lag effects were stronger among small, thinly traded stocks with low analyst coverage, geographic lead-lags were unrelated to these proxies for investor scrutiny.

2023 January 17, Ana Monteiro, Nuno Silva, Helder Sebastião, “Industry return lead-lag relationships between the US and other major countries”, in Financial Innovation, volume 9, number 40, →DOI:

We realize that the lead-lag relationship is a "strategy-enhancer," but not a strategy in itself.

2023 December 11, Aarush Pratik Sheth, Jonah Riley Weinbaum, Kevin Javier Zvonarek, “A Decadal Analysis of the Lead-Lag Effect in the NYSE”, in ArXiv, →DOI:

(economics, often attributive) A cross-correlation of one leading variable with the values of another lagging variable at later times.


Tanzi effect

Named after Italian economist Vito Tanzi who explained the effect in 1977.

(economics) A phenomenon in which a period of high inflation in a country which results in a decline in the volume of tax collection and a deterioration of real tax proceeds being collected by the government of that country.


Olivera-Tanzi effect

Olivera-Tanzi effect (plural Olivera-Tanzi effects)

Named after Julio H. G. Olivera and Vito Tanzi.


value in exchange

value in exchange (plural values in exchange)

Coordinate term: value in use


value in use

Coordinate term: value in exchange


human development

human development (countable and uncountable, plural human developments)

(economics) The process of enlarging the freedoms and opportunities of people and improving their well-being.


transaction cost

transaction cost (plural transaction costs)

(economics) A cost in making any economic trade when participating in a market.


VHT

VHT (countable and uncountable, plural VHTs)

*(motorsport): Genericization of a trademark. The trademark derives from an initialism of very+high+traction phrase.
*(taxation): Abbreviation; Initialism of vacation home tax, from vacation home+tax.

vacation home tax
vacation home tax#English

(taxation, abbreviation) Synonym of vacation home tax


family wage

family wage (countable and uncountable, plural family wages)

(economics) A wage that is sufficient to raise or support a family.


wage moderation

wage moderation (plural wage moderations)

(finance, economics) A method of devaluing a real exchange rate internally, as a way of regaining competitiveness when a nation's nominal exchange rate is fixed.


hourly wage

hourly wage (countable and uncountable, plural hourly wages)

(economics) The amount that an employee is paid per hour of work.


quality-adjusted

Quality-adjusted life expectancy is a preferred outcome measure because it takes into account the patient's preferences for the quality of life in each outcome state.

2007, Harold C. Sox, Medical Decision Making, page 300:

In tandem with efforts to improve governance systems and enhance participation, accountability and the rule of law, this appears the most appropriate approach for advancing quality-adjusted human development.

2021, What Drives Quality-adjusted Human Development Achievements?:

Adjusted to take into account differences in quality.

(medicine, economics) Adjusted to take into account certain negative factors affecting a person's overall well-being.


economic corridor

economic corridor (plural economic corridors)

Coined by Asian Development Bank in 1998.

coinage

An Economic Corridor is a geographically defined network connecting economic agents and activities to overcome frictions and unleash efficiencies

2020 March 31, Arianna Legovini, Alice Duhaut, Theophile Bougna, “Economic Corridors”, in thedocs.worldbank.org:

In November 2016, the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) was declared open as the first truckload of Chinese goods reached Gwadar Port for international shipment. […] In response, India and Japan have teamed up to develop an ambitious economic corridor of their own: the Asia-Africa Growth Corridor.

2018 March 27, Stephanie Petrella, “What Is an Economic Corridor?”, in reconasia.csis.org:

Economic corridors connect economic agents along a defined geography. They provide important connections between economic nodes or hubs that are usually centered in urban landscapes.

2013, Asian Development Bank, “What is Economic Corridor Development and What Can It Achieve in Asia’s Subregions?”, in adb.org:

(economics) a geographically linked area with integrated infrastructure, aiming to enhance economic development.


currency crisis

en-noun

currency crisis (plural currency crises)

(economics, finance) A type of financial crisis during which the value of foreign denominated debt will rise drastically relative to the declining value of the home currency.


European debt crisis

(economics, finance) A multiyear debt crisis that took place in the European Union from 2009 until the mid to late 2010s.


LMIC

(economics) Initialism of low- and middle-income country.


coincident indicator

coincident indicator (plural coincident indicators)

(economics) A metric showing the contemporaneous state of economic activity within a particular area.


microsubscription

(economics) A subscription costing very small amounts of money (micropayments).


reverse of trade

reverse of trade (plural reverses of trade)

In the commencement of the winter, by a sudden reverse of trade, more than 20,000 weavers in the liberty were thrown out of employment.

1830, Lancet Publications (publisher), The Lancet, page 574:

How frequently is it not the case, that private Banks in districts where capital is redundant, invest in mortgages and dead loans, and trade upon circulation? which on any reverse of trade or convulsion in credit, they are unable to redeem

1837, H. Leggatt and Company (publisher), John Horsley Palmer, Esq.'s Pamphlet on " The Causes and Consequences of the Pressure Upon the Money Market" Considered To which are Added, a Few Remarks Upon the Establishement of Joint Stock Banks ..., page 20:

whenever there comes a reverse of trade in those parishes (though very possibly there is not a single person connected with the railway residing in the parish, or who can get a settlement in the parish)

1850, Great Britain, Parliament, House of Commons, Reports from Committees, Volume 16, page 96:

(business, economics, trading) A downturn or disruption of economic conditions rendering much trade unprofitable.


trade standard

In this, the IOOC cooperated with the Joint FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius Commission to develop the Codex standard for table olives, as well as producing its own trade standard, the Unified Quality Standard Applying to Table Olives in International Trade.

1997, A. Garrido Fernandez, M.J. Fernandez-Diez, M.R. Adams, Table Olives - Production and Processing, page 47:

(business, economics, trading) A commonly agreed upon description of an expected quality of a product.


lifestyle creep

(economics) The phenomenon whereby, as more resources are spent on one's standard of living, former luxuries come to be perceived as necessities.


high-growth

en-adj

high-growth (comparative higher-growth, superlative highest-growth)

higher-growth (comparative)
highest-growth (superlative)

(business, finance, economics) That is increasing in size or value quickly.


Balassa index

Named after Hungarian economist Béla Balassa.

named-after

(economics) An index used to calculate the relative advantage or disadvantage of a country in a certain class of goods.


U-shaped recession

en-noun

U-shaped recession (countable and uncountable, plural U-shaped recessions)

(economics) An economic decline of a prolonged period of little or no growth, and one that requires a long time from which to recover.


bubble era

(economics) An unsustainable period of economic growth and rapid asset price increases that may eventually lead to a crash or a bubble burst.


housing bubble

(business, economics) A temporary period when home prices increase rapidly due to high demand and low supply.


economic indicator

economic indicator (plural economic indicators)

(economics) A statistic regarding a particular economic activity.


tax in kind

(finance, taxation) Any form of taxation that is paid in kind, i.e., with goods or services rather than money.