and

Inherited from Middle English and, an, from Old English and, ond, end, from Proto-West Germanic *andi, from Proto-Germanic *andi, *anþi, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂énti (“facing opposite, near, in front of, before”). Cognate with Scots an (“and”), North Frisian en (“and”), West Frisian en, in (“and”), Yiddish און (un, “and”), Low German un (“and”), Dutch en (“and”), German und (“and”), Danish end (“but”), Swedish än (“yet, but”), Icelandic and Norwegian enn (“still, yet”), Albanian edhe (“and”) (dialectal ênde, ênne), ende (“still, yet, therefore”), Latin ante (“opposite, in front of”), and Ancient Greek ἀντί (antí, “opposite, facing”). Doublet of an ("if").

cog

an' (alternative)
'n' (alternative)
n (alternative)

(unstressed form, also for some speakers stressed form) end

-и

used to connect two similar words, phrases, et cetera

-kä (in a negative clause; prefixed with a negation verb)

en

used to string together sentences or sentence fragments in chronological order

as well as

used to connect two similar words or phrases

South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands

"Where ys Sir Launcelot?" seyde King Arthure. "And he were here, he wolde nat grucche to do batayle for you."

1485, Sir Thomas Malory, Le Morte Darthur, Book VII:

Peter answered, and sayde: master, and thou be he, bidde me come unto the on the water.

1526, [William Tyndale, transl.], The Newe Testamẽt […] (Tyndale Bible), [Worms, Germany: Peter Schöffer], →OCLC, Matthew:

"And he went slower," Mike said softly, "he go better."

1958, Shirley Ann Grau, The Hard Blue Sky:

(heading) Expressing a condition.
(now US dialect) If; provided that.

Expressing a condition.
If; provided that.

I will roare you, and 'twere any Nightingale.

c. 1595–1596 (date written), William Shakespeare, “A Midsommer Nights Dreame”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii]:

As they will set an house on fire, and it were but to roast their eggs.

1625, Francis [Bacon], “Of Innovations”, in The Essayes […], 3rd edition, London: […] Iohn Haviland for Hanna Barret, →OCLC:

(heading) Expressing a condition.
(obsolete) As if, as though.

Expressing a condition.
As if, as though.


fall

en-verb

fall (third-person singular simple present falls, present participle falling, simple past fell, past participle fallen)

falls (present singular third-person)
falling (participle present)
fell (past)
fallen (participle past)

get up

antonym(s) of “come to the ground deliberately”

Verb from Middle English fallen, from Old English feallan (“to fall, fail, decay, die, attack”), from Proto-West Germanic *fallan (“to fall”), from Proto-Germanic *fallaną (“to fall”).
Cognate with West Frisian falle (“to fall”), Low German fallen (“to fall”), Dutch vallen (“to fall”), German fallen (“to fall”), Danish falde (“to fall”), Norwegian Bokmål falle (“to fall”), Norwegian Nynorsk falla (“to fall”), Icelandic falla (“to fall”), Lithuanian pùlti (“to attack, rush”).
Noun from Middle English fal, fall, falle, from Old English feall, ġefeall (“a falling, fall”) and Old English fealle (“trap, snare”), from Proto-Germanic *fallą, *fallaz (“a fall, trap”). Cognate with Dutch val, German Fall (“fall”) and German Falle (“trap, snare”), Danish fald, Swedish fall, Icelandic fall.
Sense of "autumn" is attested by the 1660s in England as a shortening of fall of the leaf (1540s), from the falling of leaves during this season. Along with autumn, it mostly replaced the older name harvest as that name began to be associated strictly with the act of harvesting. Compare spring, which began as a shortening of “spring of the leaf”.

fell

to fell a tree; to fell an opponent; as in

he who digs a pit for others falls in himself

the apple does not fall far from the stem

the apple does not fall far from the tree

the apple doesn't fall far from the tree

the apple does not fall far from the trunk

the bigger they are, the harder they fall

the bigger they come, the harder they fall

the rain in Spain falls mainly in the plain

Thrown from a cliff, the stone fell 100 feet before hitting the ground.

There was a neat hat-and-umbrella stand, and the stranger's weary feet fell soft on a good, serviceable dark-red drugget, which matched in colour the flock-paper on the walls.

1913, Mrs. [Marie] Belloc Lowndes, chapter II, in The Lodger, London: Methuen, →OCLC; republished in Novels of Mystery: The Lodger; The Story of Ivy; What Really Happened, New York, N.Y.: Longmans, Green and Co., […], [1933], →OCLC, page 0091:

(heading, intransitive) To be moved downwards.

To move to a lower position under the effect of gravity.

rade

The rain fell at dawn.

Her eyes fell on the table, and she advanced into the room wiping her hands on her apron.

1920, Herman Cyril McNeile, chapter 1, in Bulldog Drummond:

To be moved downwards.
To come down, to drop or descend.

cut down

cause (something) to descend to the ground

Once or twice a noise fell upon his quick ear, and we halted, he standing revolver in hand in an attitude of defense. Each time, however, we ascertained that we had no occasion for alarm, the noise being made by some animal or bird ...

1898, William Le Queux, Whoso Findeth a Wife, page 256:

And then a sudden calm fell on us like a cloud of fear. There! on the table, lay the Jewel of Seven Stars, shining and sparkling with lurid light, as though each of the seven points of each of the seven stars gleamed through blood!

1904, Bram Stoker, The Jewel of Seven Stars, page 248:

Shortly afterwards a breeze came up from the N […] dark clouds closing in over everything. At 3 in the afternoon the breeze came up from the S with a thick drizzle. Thus night fell, and thus we passed the rest of it.

1971, Henry Raup Wagner, Spanish Explorations in the Strait of Juan de Fuca

The horse wrangler, a tall, bronzed-face man, waved to the wagon driver. The driver laughed. […] The canvas cover rolled up suddenly and a terrible noise fell over the desert.

1981, Dan Kirby, Schreiber's Choice, Ace Books, →ISBN:

To be moved downwards.
To come as if by dropping down.

He fell to the floor and begged for mercy.

To come to the ground deliberately, to prostrate oneself.

To be moved downwards.
To be brought to the ground.


hole

→ Japanese: ホール (hōru)

→ Korean: 홀 (hol)

Sranan Tongo: olo

Inherited from Middle English hole, hol, from Old English hol (“orifice, hollow place, cavity”), from Proto-West Germanic *hol, from Proto-Germanic *hulą (“hollow space, cavity”), noun derivative of Proto-Germanic *hulaz (“hollow”), which is of uncertain ultimate origin. Related to hollow.

отвор

orifice (see anus etc. for specific body cavities)

know one's ass from a hole in the ground

know one's head from a hole in the ground

know the difference between one's ass and a hole in the ground

(golf) A subsurface standard-size hole, also called cup, hitting the ball into which is the object of play. Each hole, of which there are usually eighteen as the standard on a full course, is located on a prepared surface, called the green, of a particular type grass.

I played 18 holes yesterday.  The second hole today cost me three strokes over par.

(golf) The part of a game in which a player attempts to hit the ball into one of the holes.

The shortstop ranged deep into the hole to make the stop.

(baseball) The rear portion of the defensive team between the shortstop and the third baseman.

(chess) A square on the board, with some positional significance, that a player does not, and cannot in the future, control with a friendly pawn.

(stud poker) A card (also called a hole card) dealt face down thus unknown to all but its holder; the status in which such a card is.

In the game of fives, part of the floor of the court between the step and the pepperbox.


dub

en-verb

dub (third-person singular simple present dubs, present participle dubbing, simple past and past participle dubbed)

dubs (present singular third-person)
dubbing (participle present)
dubbed (participle past)
dubbed (past)

From Middle English dubben, from Old English dubbian (“to knight by striking with a sword, dub”) from Old French adober (“to equip with arms; adorn”) (also 11th century, Modern French adouber), both from Proto-West Germanic *dubbōn, from Proto-Germanic *dub- (“to hit, strike”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ- (“plug, peg, wedge”).
Cognate with Icelandic dubba (in dubba til riddara). Compare also drub for an English reflex of the Germanic word.

der

to dub a stick of timber smooth

(heading) To strike, rub, or dress smooth; to dab.

For dressing or dubbing cloths, either wet or dry, otherwise than by green cards and pickards

To strike cloth with teasels to raise a nap.

1852-1866, Charles Tomlinson, Cyclopaedia of Useful Arts and Manufactures
When the skin is thoroughly cleansed, and while yet in its wet and distended state, the process of stuffing, or dubbing (probably a corruption of daubing), is performed. Both sides of the skin, but chiefly the flesh side, are smeared or daubed with a mixture of cod-oil and tallow

To rub or dress with grease, as leather in the process of currying it.

if you can dub a Fly of the exact colour of the Natural Fly, Fish at that instant take, it's sufficient

1689, James Chetham, The Anglers Vade Mecum:


bed

en-noun

bed (countable and uncountable, plural beds)

→ Chichewa: bedi

→ Chuukese: pet

→ Esperanto: bedo

→ Japanese: ベッド (beddo)

African-American Vernacular, some speakers

Inherited from Middle English bed, bedde, from Old English bedd, from Proto-West Germanic *badi, from Proto-Germanic *badją (“resting-place, plot of ground”).
Cognates
Cognate with North Frisian baad, beed, Saterland Frisian Bääd, West Frisian bêd, Low German Bedd, Dutch bed, German Bett, Swedish bädd, Icelandic beður, all meaning “bed”.
further possible etymology and cognates
The Proto-Germanic term may in turn be from Proto-Indo-European *bʰedʰ- (“to dig”) with various theories explaining the development in meaning. If it is, the term is also cognate with Ancient Greek βοθυρος (bothuros, “pit”), Latin fossa (“ditch”), Latvian bedre (“hole”), Welsh bedd (“grave”), Breton bez (“grave”); and probably also Russian бодать (bodatʹ, “to butt, gore”).

bed

flat surface or layer on which something else is to be placed

(heading) A horizontal layer or surface.

A horizontal layer or surface.
A deposit of ore, coal, etc.

(countable, geology) The smallest division of a geologic formation or stratigraphic rock series marked by well-defined divisional planes (bedding planes) separating it from layers above and below.

བྲག་གི་ཆགས་རིམ

geology: the smallest division of a geologic formation or stratigraphic rock series

the upper and lower beds

(masonry) The horizontal surface of a building stone.

Edward H[enry] Knight
w:Edward H. Knight

(masonry) The lower surface of a brick, slate, or tile.

(masonry) A course of stone or brick in a wall.

A horizontal layer or surface.
A course of stone or brick in a wall.


lead

en-verb

lead (third-person singular simple present leads, present participle leading, simple past and past participle led)

leads (present singular third-person)
leading (participle present)
led (participle past)
led (past)
lede (alternative obsolete)
leed (alternative obsolete)

From Middle English leden, from Old English lǣdan (“to lead”), from Proto-West Germanic *laidijan, from Proto-Germanic *laidijaną (“to cause one to go, lead”), causative of Proto-Germanic *līþaną (“to go”), from Proto-Indo-European *leyt- (“to leave, die”).
Cognate with West Frisian liede (“to lead”), Dutch leiden (“to lead”), German leiten (“to lead”), Danish and Norwegian Bokmål lede (“to lead”), Norwegian Nynorsk leia (“to lead”), Swedish leda (“to lead”). Related to Old English līþan (“to go, travel”).

der

a father leads a child    a jockey leads a horse with a halter    a dog leads a blind man

If a blind man lead a blind man, both fall down in the ditch.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Matthew 15:14:

They thrust him out of the city, and led him unto the brow of the hill.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Luke 4:29:

In thy right hand lead with thee / The mountain nymph, sweet Liberty.

a. 1645, John Milton, “L’Allegro”, in Poems of Mr. John Milton, […], London: […] Ruth Raworth for Humphrey Mosely, […], published 1646, →OCLC:

As he was going home to the palace, he met an old woman leading a golden goose.

1881, P. Chr. Asbjörnsen [i.e., Peter Christen Asbjørnsen], translated by H. L. Brækstad, Round the Yule Log. Norwegian Folk and Fairy Tales, London: Sampson Low, Marston, Searle, & Rivington, →OCLC, page 271:

(heading, transitive) To guide or conduct.

To guide or conduct with the hand, or by means of some physical contact connection.

𐔰𐕀𐔰𐔺𐔱𐕒𐕄𐔴𐕚𐕒𐕡𐕎

The guide was able to lead the tourists through the jungle safely.

The Lord went before them by day in a pillar of a cloud, to lead them the way.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Exodus 13:21:

He leadeth me beside the still waters.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Psalms 23:2:

This thought might lead me through the world’s vain mask. Content, though blind, had I no better guide.

1673, John Milton, “[Sonnet] [Sonnet] XXI”, in Poems, &c. upon Several Occasions, London: […] Tho[mas] Dring […], →OCLC:

I stumbled along through the young pines and huckleberry bushes. Pretty soon I struck into a sort of path that, I cal'lated, might lead to the road I was hunting for. It twisted and turned, and, the first thing I knew, made a sudden bend around a bunch of bayberry scrub and opened out into a big clear space like a lawn.

1913, Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter I, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y., London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC:

To guide or conduct in a certain course, or to a certain place or end, by making the way known; to show the way, especially by going with or going in advance of, to lead a pupil; to guide somebody somewhere or to bring somebody somewhere by means of instructions.

A good teacher should lead their students to the right answer.

(figuratively): To direct; to counsel; to instruct

To guide or conduct.
To direct; to counsel; to instruct

to lead a political party

to lead the search team

Christ took not upon him flesh and blood that he might conquer and rule nations, lead armies, or possess places.

1664, Robert South, “(please specify the sermon number)A Sermon Preached Before the University at Christ-Church, Oxon”, in Sermons Preached upon Several Occasions. […], new edition, volume (please specify |volume=I to IV), London: […] Thomas Tegg, […], published 1843, →OCLC:

To conduct or direct with authority; to have direction or charge of; to command, especially a military or business unit.

The evidence leads me to believe he is guilty.

That we may lead a quiet and peaceable life.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 1 Timothy 2:2:

Nor thou with shadow'd hint confuse / A life that leads melodious days.

1850, [Alfred, Lord Tennyson], “Canto XXXIII”, in In Memoriam, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC:

You remember[…]the life he used to lead his wife and daughter.

1849 May – 1850 November, Charles Dickens, chapter 61, in The Personal History of David Copperfield, London: Bradbury & Evans, […], published 1850, →OCLC:

To guide or conduct oneself in, through, or along (a certain course); hence, to proceed in the way of; to follow the path or course of; to pass; to spend. Also, to cause (one) to proceed or follow in (a certain course).

the big sloop led the fleet of yachts;  the Guards led the attack;  Demosthenes leads the orators of all ages

1600, Edward Fairfax, The Jerusalem Delivered of Tasso
As Hesperus, that leads the sun his way.

And lo! Ben Adhem's name led all the rest.

“Well,” I answered, at first with uncertainty, then with inspiration, “he would do splendidly to lead your cotillon, if you think of having one.” ¶ “So you do not dance, Mr. Crocker?” ¶ I was somewhat set back by her perspicuity.

1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter IV, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:

(transitive) To go or to be in advance of; to precede; hence, to be foremost or chief among.

The standard-bearers led and the rest of the marchers followed.

(intransitive) To proceed in front of others; to go first.

To proceed in front of others; to go first.

It leads in the information technology sector.

(intransitive) To be more advanced in technology or business than others.

to lead trumps

He led the ace of spades.

(transitive, card games, dominoes) To begin a game, round, or trick, with

To begin, to be ahead.
To begin a game, round, or trick, with

(intransitive) To be ahead of others, e.g., in a race.

To begin, to be ahead.
To be ahead of others, e.g., in a race.

(intransitive) To have the highest interim score in a game.

To have the highest interim score in a game.

водя

intransitive: have the highest interim score in a game

The batter always leads off base.

(baseball) To step off base and move towards the next base.

(shooting) To aim in front of a moving target, in order that the shot may hit the target as it passes.

(heading) To begin, to be ahead.
(heading, sports)
(transitive, climbing) Lead climb.


catch

en-verb

catch (third-person singular simple present catches, present participle catching, simple past and past participle caught)

catches (present singular third-person)
catching (participle present)
caught (participle past)
caught (past)
catch (infinitive)
catch (first-person present singular)
caught (first-person past singular)
catched (first-person nonstandard past singular)
catch (present second-person singular)
catchest (archaic present second-person singular)
caught (past second-person singular)
catched (nonstandard past second-person singular)
caughtest (archaic past second-person singular)
catchedst (archaic past second-person singular)
catches (present singular third-person)
catcheth (archaic present singular third-person)
caught (past singular third-person)
catched (nonstandard past singular third-person)
catch (plural present)
caught (past plural)
catched (nonstandard past plural)
catch (present subjunctive)
caught (past subjunctive)
catched (nonstandard past subjunctive)
catch (imperative present)
catching (participle present)
caught (participle past)
catched (nonstandard participle past)

→ French: catch

→ Kabuverdianu:

→ Portuguese: cachir

→ Spanish: cachar

From Middle English cacchen, from Anglo-Norman cachier, variant of Old French chacier, from Late Latin captiāre, from Latin captāre, frequentative of capere. Akin to Modern French chasser (from Old French chacier) and Spanish cazar, and thus a doublet of chase. Compare ketch. Displaced Middle English fangen ("to catch"; > Modern English fang (verb)), from Old English fōn (“to seize, take”); Middle English lacchen ("to catch" and heavily displaced Modern English latch), from Old English læċċan.
The verb became irregular, possibly under the influence of the semantically similar latch (from Old English læċċan), whose past tense was lahte, lauhte, laught (Old English læhte), until becoming regularised in Modern English.

gloss

"to catch"; > Modern English fang (verb)

("to catch"; > Modern English fang (verb))

"to catch" and heavily displaced Modern English latch

("to catch" and heavily displaced Modern English latch)

caught with one's fingers in the cookie jar

don't sell the skin till you have caught the bear

you can catch more flies with honey than vinegar

you can catch more flies with honey than with vinegar

you catch more flies with honey than vinegar

you catch more flies with honey than with vinegar

I hope I catch a fish.

He ran but we caught him at the exit.

The police caught the robber at a nearby casino.

(transitive) To capture or snare (someone or something which would rather escape).

And they send unto him certain of the Pharisees and of the Herodians, to catch him in his words.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Mark 12:13:

(transitive) To entrap or trip up a person; to deceive.

To entrap or trip up a person; to deceive.

The public[…]said that Miss Bogardus was a suffragist because she had never caught a man; that she wanted something, but it wasn't the vote.

1933, Sinclair Lewis, Ann Vickers, page 108:

"She caught this blanquito guy from El Condado," and you immediately know "My god, all that money."

1990 February 4, Vanessa Nemeth, Stephanie Poggi, “Bumps And All”, in Gay Community News, volume 17, number 29, page 12:

As for Aspasia, concubinage with Pericles brought her as much honor as she could hope to claim in Athens.[…]from the moment she caught her man, this influential, unconventional woman became a lightning rod[…].

2006, Michael Collier, Georgia Machemer, Medea, page 23:

(transitive, figuratively, dated) To marry or enter into a similar relationship with.

To marry or enter into a similar relationship with.

If he catches you on the chin, you'll be on the mat.

The visitors started brightly and had an early chance when Valencia's experienced captain David Albeda gifted the ball to Fernando Torres, but the striker was caught by defender Adil Rami as he threatened to shoot.

2011 September 28, Jon Smith, “Valencia 1-1 Chelsea”, in BBC Sport:

(transitive) To reach (someone) with a strike, blow, weapon etc.

To reach (someone) with a strike, blow, weapon etc.

If you leave now you might catch him.

I would love to have dinner but I have to catch a plane.

Allen Gregory DeLongpre: Did anyone catch the Charlie Rose the evening before last. Did you catch it? No, nothing?

2011 Allen Gregory, "Pilot" (season 1, episode 1)

For reasons I shan’t bore you with, I got them to induce me at 39 weeks, at 10am, with the epidural going in first, and it was all a dream. […] But it was all over in time for my daughter to catch the Nigeria v Argentina World Cup game that evening, during which she seemed to reckon everything was miles offside.

2014 December 5, Marina Hyde, “Childbirth is as awful as it is magical, thanks to our postnatal ‘care’”, in The Guardian:

(transitive) To overtake or catch up to; to be in time for.

To overtake or catch up to; to be in time for.

He was caught on video robbing the bank.

He was caught in the act of stealing a biscuit.

Once he caught me gazing lingeringly and eagerly at him. He turned round with that mocking air he assumed when he wanted to hide his feelings.

1952, Nikos Kazantzakis, chapter 1, in Carl Wildman, transl., Zorba the Greek, New York, N.Y.: Simon & Schuster, translation of Βίος και πολιτεία του Αλέξη Ζορμπά [Víos kai politeía tou Aléxi Zormpá], →ISBN, page 5:

(transitive) To unpleasantly discover unexpectedly; to unpleasantly surprise (someone doing something).

ampayar

(transitive) to unpleasantly discover unexpectedly; to unpleasantly surprise (someone doing something)

catch the bus

The glare, the flies, while they waited, and he and the stationmaster put their heads together over the time-table, trying to find this other train, which, of course, they wouldn't catch.

1920, Katherine Mansfield [pseudonym; Kathleen Mansfield Murry], “The Escape”, in Bliss and Other Stories, London: Constable & Company, published 1920, →OCLC, page 273:

After about a kilometer I caught a taxi to Santa Croce.

1987, A.J. Quinnell, In the Name of the Father, page 111:

(heading) To capture, overtake.
(transitive) To travel by means of.

To capture, overtake.
To travel by means of.

Had Nancy got caught with a child? If so she would destroy her parent's dreams for her.

2002, Orpha Caton, Shadow on the Creek, pages 102–103:

(transitive, rare) To become pregnant. (Only in past tense or as participle.)

To become pregnant. (Only in past tense or as participle.)

I caught her by the arm and turned her to face me.

Her aged Nourse, whose name was Glaucè hight, / Feeling her leape out of her loathed nest, / Betwixt her feeble armes her quickly keight […]

1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book III, Canto II”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:

(transitive, dated) To grab, seize, take hold of.

To seize hold of.
To grab, seize, take hold of.

I have to stop for a moment and catch my breath

I caught some Z's on the train.

(transitive) To take or replenish something necessary, such as breath or sleep.

To take or replenish something necessary, such as breath or sleep.

My leg was caught in a tree-root.

(heading) To seize hold of.
(transitive) To grip or entangle.

Be careful your dress doesn't catch on that knob.

His voice caught when he came to his father's name.

Orion hit a rabbit once; but though sore wounded it got to the bury, and, struggling in, the arrow caught the side of the hole and was drawn out. Indeed, a nail filed sharp is not of much avail as an arrowhead; you must have it barbed, and that was a little beyond our skill.

1879, R[ichard] J[efferies], chapter II, in The Amateur Poacher, London: Smith, Elder, & Co., […], →OCLC:

(intransitive) To be held back or impeded.

To seize hold of.
To be held back or impeded.

Push it in until it catches.

The engine finally caught and roared to life.

(intransitive) To engage with some mechanism; to stick, to succeed in interacting with something or initiating some process.

I caught my heel on the threshold.

(transitive) To have something be held back or impeded.

To have something be held back or impeded.

He caught at the railing as he fell.

(intransitive) To make a grasping or snatching motion (at).

To make a grasping or snatching motion (at).

The fire spread slowly until it caught the eaves of the barn.

(transitive, of fire) To spread or be conveyed to.

To seize hold of.
To spread or be conveyed to.

Stop gathering, in that gradual fashion, and catch the water sharply and decisively.

1906, Arthur W. Stevens, Practical Rowing with Scull and Sweep, page 63:

(transitive, rowing) To grip (the water) with one's oars at the beginning of the stroke.

To grip (the water) with one's oars at the beginning of the stroke.

The seeds caught and grew.

(intransitive, agriculture) To germinate and set down roots.

To seize hold of.
To germinate and set down roots.

If you are surfing a wave through the rocks, make sure you have a clear route before catching the wave.

2001, John Lull, Sea Kayaking Safety & Rescue, page 203:

(transitive, surfing) To contact a wave in such a way that one can ride it back to shore.

To contact a wave in such a way that one can ride it back to shore.

When the program catches an exception, this is recorded in the log file.

(transitive, computing) To handle an exception.

To seize hold of.
To handle an exception.

siepata

to handle a computer error, especially an exception

I will throw you the ball, and you catch it.

Watch me catch this raisin in my mouth.

(transitive) To seize or intercept an object moving through the air (or, sometimes, some other medium).

she internally resolved henceforward to catch every opportunity of eyeing the hair and of satisfying herself,[…].

1811, [Jane Austen], “18”, in Sense and Sensibility […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), London: […] C[harles] Roworth, […], and published by T[homas] Egerton, […], →OCLC:

(transitive, now rare) To seize (an opportunity) when it occurs.

To seize (an opportunity) when it occurs.

Townsend hit 29 before he was caught by Wilson.

(transitive, cricket) To end a player's innings by catching a hit ball before the first bounce.

He caught the last three innings.

(transitive, intransitive, baseball) To play (a specific period of time) as the catcher.

To play (a specific period of time) as the catcher.

You're going to catch a beating if they find out.

(heading) To receive (by being in the way).

(transitive) To be the victim of (something unpleasant, painful etc.).

To be the victim of (something unpleasant, painful etc.).

The sunlight caught the leaves and the trees turned to gold.

Her hair was caught by the light breeze.

(transitive) To be touched or affected by (something) through exposure.

To be touched or affected by (something) through exposure.

Everyone seems to be catching the flu this week.

(transitive) To become infected by (an illness).

To receive (by being in the way).
To become infected by (an illness).

Does the sedition catch from man to man?

1712 (date written), [Joseph] Addison, Cato, a Tragedy. […], London: […] J[acob] Tonson, […], published 1713, →OCLC, Act I, scene ii, page 5:

He accosted Mrs. Browne very civilly, told her his wife was very ill, and said he was sadly troubled to get a white woman to nurse her: "For," said he, "Mrs. Simpson has set it abroad that her fever is catching."

1817, Mary Martha Sherwood, Stories Explanatory of the Church Catechism:

(intransitive) To spread by infection or similar means.

To spread by infection or similar means.

The bucket catches water from the downspout.

The trees caught quickly in the dry wind.

the sails caught and filled, and the boat jumped to life beneath us.

2003, Jerry Dennis, The Living Great Lakes, page 63:

(transitive, intransitive) To receive or be affected by (wind, water, fire etc.).

To receive or be affected by (wind, water, fire etc.).

She finally caught the mood of the occasion.

And the next thing I knew, I had caught feelings for her.

(transitive) To acquire, as though by infection; to take on through sympathy or infection.

He caught a bullet in the back of the head last year.

To receive (by being in the way).
To be hit by something.

The nets caught well, and Mr. Deeley reported it the best fishing ground he ever tried.

1877, Annual Report of the Ohio State Board of Agriculture, page 135:

(intransitive) To serve well or poorly for catching, especially for catching fish.

To serve well or poorly for catching, especially for catching fish.

Well, if you didn't catch this time, we'll have more fun trying again until you do.

To receive (by being in the way).
To get pregnant.

It catches an American athleticism and energetic team spirit that still seem to smash European notions of ballet classicism, as does its dancers’ selfless manner and their practicelike costumes.

2008 June 9, Alastair Macaulay, “In Student Steps and Leaps, a Survey of National Styles”, in The New York Times:

Did you catch his name?

Did you catch the way she looked at him?

“A tight little craft,” was Austin’s invariable comment on the matron;[…]. ¶ Near her wandered her husband, orientally bland, invariably affable, and from time to time squinting sideways, as usual, in the ever-renewed expectation that he might catch a glimpse of his stiff, retroussé moustache.

1907 August, Robert W[illiam] Chambers, chapter IX, in The Younger Set, New York, N.Y.: D. Appleton & Company, →OCLC:

(heading) To take in with one's senses or intellect.

(transitive) To grasp mentally: perceive and understand.

To take in with one's senses or intellect.

To grasp mentally: perceive and understand.

I have some free time tonight so I think I'll catch a movie.

(transitive, informal) To take in; to watch or listen to (an entertainment).

To take in; to watch or listen to (an entertainment).

You've really caught his determination in this sketch.

(transitive) To reproduce or echo a spirit or idea faithfully.

To reproduce or echo a spirit or idea faithfully.

No, a far more natural beauty caught him.

2004, Catherine Asaro, The Moon's Shadow, page 40:

(heading) To seize attention, interest.
(transitive) To charm or entrance.

To seize attention, interest.
To charm or entrance.

He managed to catch her attention.

The enormous scarf did catch my eye.

(transitive) To attract and hold (a faculty or organ of sense).

To attract and hold (a faculty or organ of sense).


feel

en-verb

feel (third-person singular simple present feels, present participle feeling, simple past and past participle felt)

feels (present singular third-person)
feeling (participle present)
felt (participle past)
felt (past)
feel (infinitive)
feel (first-person present singular)
felt (first-person past singular)
feel (present second-person singular)
feelest (archaic present second-person singular)
felt (past second-person singular)
feltst (archaic past second-person singular)
feltest (archaic past second-person singular)
feels (present singular third-person)
feeleth (archaic present singular third-person)
felt (past singular third-person)
feel (plural present)
felt (past plural)
feel (present subjunctive)
felt (past subjunctive)
feel (imperative present)
feeling (participle present)
felt (participle past)

→ Kashubian: filowac (United States)

From Middle English felen, from Old English fēlan, from Proto-West Germanic *fōlijan.

You can feel a heartbeat if you put your fingers on your breast.

I felt cold and miserable all night.

I did feel a fool after stumbling on the same rock again.

(heading) To use or experience the sense of touch.

(transitive, copulative) To become aware of through the skin; to use the sense of touch on.

I felt my way through the darkened room.

I felt my way cautiously through the dangerous business maneuver.

(transitive) To find one's way (literally or figuratively) by touching or using cautious movements.

(intransitive) To receive information by touch or by any neurons other than those responsible for sight, smell, taste, or hearing.

He felt (about) for the light switch in the dark.

(intransitive) To search by sense of touch.

I can feel the sadness in his poems.

Teach me to feel another's VVoe; / To hide the Fault I ſee; / That Mercy I to others ſhovv, / That Mercy ſhow to me.

1738, [Alexander Pope], “Stanza X”, in The Universal Prayer. […], London [actually Edinburgh]: […] [Thomas Ruddiman] for R[obert] Dodsley, […], →OCLC, page 6:

Captain Edward Carlisle, soldier as he was, martinet as he was, felt a curious sensation of helplessness seize upon him as he met her steady gaze, her alluring smile ; he could not tell what this prisoner might do.

1910, Emerson Hough, chapter I, in The Purchase Price: Or The Cause of Compromise, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:

British journalists shun complete respectability, feeling a duty to be ready to savage the mighty, or rummage through their bins. Elsewhere in Europe, government contracts and subsidies ensure that press barons will only defy the mighty so far.

2013 August 10, Lexington, “Keeping the mighty honest”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8848:

(heading) To sense or think emotionally or judgmentally.

(transitive) To experience an emotion or other mental state about.

voel

transitive: to experience an emotion or other mental state about

I feel that we need to try harder.

They promised me eternal happiness; And brought me garlands, Griffith, which I feel I am not worthy yet to wear.

1613 (date written), William Shakespeare, [John Fletcher], “The Famous History of the Life of King Henry the Eight”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene ii]:

When Timothy and Julia hurried up the staircase to the bedroom floor, where a considerable commotion was taking place, Tim took Barry Leach with him. He had him gripped firmly by the arm, since he felt it was not safe to let him loose, and he had no immediate idea what to do with him.

1963, Margery Allingham, chapter XIX, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC:

(transitive) To think, believe, or have an impression concerning.

He obviously feels strongly about it.

She felt even more upset when she heard the details.

Then we relapsed into a discomfited silence, and wished we were anywhere else. But Miss Thorn relieved the situation by laughing aloud, and with such a hearty enjoyment that instead of getting angry and more mortified we began to laugh ourselves, and instantly felt better.

1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter V, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:

(intransitive, copulative) To experience an emotion or other mental state.

شَعَرَ بِ

intransitive: to experience an emotion or other mental state

I feel for you and your plight.

[She] feels with the dignity of a Roman matron.

1790 November, Edmund Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in France, and on the Proceedings in Certain Societies in London Relative to that Event. […], London: […] J[ames] Dodsley, […], →OCLC:

who feel for all mankind

1738, Alexander Pope, Epilogue to the Satires:

(intransitive) To sympathise; to have the sensibilities moved or affected.


hit

hit (third-person singular simple present hits, present participle hitting, simple past hit or (dialectal, obsolete) hat or (rare, dialectal) het, past participle hit or (archaic, rare, dialectal) hitten)

hits (present singular third-person)
hitting (participle present)
hit (past)
hat (dialectal obsolete past)
het (dialectal past rare)
hit (participle past)
hitten (archaic dialectal participle past rare)

miss

antonym(s) of “manage to touch in the right place”

From Middle English hitten (“to hit, strike, make contact with”), from Old English hittan (“to meet with, come upon, fall in with”), from Old Norse hitta (“to strike, meet”), from Proto-Germanic *hittijaną (“to come upon, find”), from Proto-Indo-European *kh₂eyd- (“to fall; fall upon; hit; cut; hew”).
Cognate with Icelandic hitta (“to meet”), Danish hitte (“to find”), Latin caedō (“to kill”), Albanian qit (“to hit, throw, pull out, release”).

cog

don't let the door hit you on the way out

let the door hit you where the good Lord split you

not be able to hit the broad side of a barn

One boy hit the other.

Orion hit a rabbit once; but though sore wounded it got to the bury, and, struggling in, the arrow caught the side of the hole and was drawn out. Indeed, a nail filed sharp is not of much avail as an arrowhead; you must have it barbed, and that was a little beyond our skill.

1879, R[ichard] J[efferies], chapter II, in The Amateur Poacher, London: Smith, Elder, & Co., […], →OCLC:

He tried to hit me but I dodged the blow and went out to plot revenge.

1922-1927, Frank Harris, My Life and Loves:

Bello: (Shouts) Good, by the rumping jumping general! That's the best bit of news I heard these six weeks. Here, don't keep me waiting, damn you! (He slaps her face)
Bello: (Whimpers) You're after hitting me. I'll tell[…]

1922 February, James Joyce, “[[Episode 15]]”, in Ulysses, Paris: Shakespeare and Company, […], →OCLC:

I hunted him for half a hour, aiming to learn him to hit a man with a table-leg and then run, but I didn't find him.

1934, Robert E. Howard, The Slugger's Game:

(transitive) To administer a blow to, directly or with a weapon or missile.

The ball hit the fence.

a dozen apples, each of them near as large as a Bristol barrel, came tumbling about my ears; one of them hit me on the back as I chanced to stoop, and knocked me down flat on my face.

1726 October 28, [Jonathan Swift], Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World. […] [Gulliver’s Travels], volume I, London: […] Benj[amin] Motte, […], →OCLC, part II (A Voyage to Brobdingnag):

Meanwhile the street boys kept up a shower of mud balls, many of which hit the Doctor, while the rest were distributed upon his assailants.

1882, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Doctor Grimshawe's Secret: A romance:

(transitive) To come into contact with forcefully and suddenly.

у́дрям

to come into contact with forcefully and suddenly

If bodies be extension alone, […]how can they move and hit one against another?

a. 1705, John Locke, “An Examination of P[ère] Malebranche’s Opinion of Seeing All Things in God”, in Posthumous Works of Mr. John Locke: […], London: […] A[wnsham] and J[ohn] Churchill, […], published 1706, →OCLC:

(intransitive) To strike against something.

Hit the Enter key to continue.

(transitive) To activate a button or key by pressing and releasing it.

Hit him tonight and throw the body in the river.

FREDO: Mikey, why would they ever hit poor old Frankie Five-Angels? I loved that ole sonuvabitch.

1973, Mario Puzo, Francis Ford Coppola, The Godfather Part II (screenplay, second draft)

(transitive, slang) To kill a person, usually on the instructions of a third party.

murhata

to kill a person on the instructions of a third party

If intelligence had been what it should have been, I don't think we'd ever have hit that island.

(transitive, military) To attack, especially amphibiously.

To strike.
To attack, especially amphibiously.

Their coffee really hits the spot.

I used to listen to that song all the time, but it hits different(ly) now.

(figurative, ambitransitive) To affect someone, as if dealing a blow to that person.

The movie hits theaters in December.

The temperature could hit 110°F tomorrow.

We hit Detroit at one in the morning but kept driving through the night.

As soon as we hit Jazzafrazz Town, we were overcome by the glitz and the glamour.

2004, Intelligent Systems, translated by Nintendo of America, Paper Mario: The Thousand-Year Door, Nintendo, GameCube, level/area: Rogueport:

And her success with Glover, a product of the National Lottery-funded Sporting Giants talent identification programme, will also spark relief among British officials who were starting to fret a little about hitting their target of equalling fourth in the medal table from Beijing.

2012 August 1, Owen Gibson, “London 2012: rowers Glover and Stanning win Team GB's first gold medal”, in Guardian Unlimited:

(transitive, informal) To reach or achieve.

To attain, to achieve.
To reach or achieve.

And oft it hits / Where hope is coldest and despair most fits.

c. 1604–1605 (date written), William Shakespeare, “All’s Well, that Ends Well”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene i]:

All Human Race wou’d fain be Wits, / And Millions miſs, for one that hits.

1733, [Jonathan Swift], On Poetry: A Rapsody, Dublin, London: […] [R. Fleming] [a]nd sold by J. Huggonson, […], →OCLC, page 3, lines 1–2:

(intransitive) To meet or reach what was aimed at or desired; to succeed, often by luck.

Thou hast hit it.

c. 1590–1592 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Taming of the Shrew”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene i]:

And we shall sit at endless feast,
Enjoying each the other’s good;
What vaster dream can hit the mood
Of Love on earth?

1850, [Alfred, Lord Tennyson], “Canto XLVI”, in In Memoriam, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, page 69:

(heading) To attain, to achieve.
To guess; to light upon or discover.

Hit me.

(transitive, card games) In blackjack, to deal a card to.

To make a play.
In blackjack, to deal a card to.

Jones hit for the pitcher.

(intransitive, baseball) To come up to bat.

(backgammon) To take up, or replace by a piece belonging to the opposing player; said of a single unprotected piece on a point.


hold

en-verb

hold (third-person singular simple present holds, present participle holding, simple past held, past participle held or (archaic) holden)

holds (present singular third-person)
holding (participle present)
held (past)
held (participle past)
holden (archaic participle past)

Derived from Middle English holden, derived from Old English healdan, derived from Proto-West Germanic *haldan, derived from Proto-Germanic *haldaną (“to tend, herd”), maybe derived from Proto-Indo-European *kel- (“to drive”).
Cognates
*West Frisian hâlde
*Low German holden, holen
*Dutch houden
*German halten
*Danish
*Norwegian Bokmål holde
*Norwegian Nynorsk halda.
Compare Latin celer (“quick”), Tocharian B käl- (“to goad, drive”), Ancient Greek κέλλω (kéllō, “to drive”), Sanskrit कलयति (kalayati, “to impel”).

der+

derived from Proto-West Germanic *haldan

der

Proto-Germanic *haldaną (“to tend, herd”)

der+

hold with the hare and run with the hounds

one can't hold two watermelons in one hand

Hold my coat for me.

The general ordered the colonel to hold his position at all costs.

She was Nicolas Sarkozy's pin-up for diversity, the first Muslim woman with north African parents to hold a major French government post. But Rachida Dati has now turned on her own party elite with such ferocity that some have suggested she should be expelled from the president's ruling party.

2011 December 14, Angelique Chrisafis, “Rachida Dati accuses French PM of sexism and elitism”, in Guardian:

(heading) To maintain or keep to a position or state.

(transitive) To have and keep possession of something.

To maintain or keep to a position or state.

To have and keep possession of something.

Hold a table for us at 7:00.

Hold the elevator.

Hold the suspect in this cell.

to hold true

The proposition holds.

I remember, before the Dwarf left the Queen, he followed us one day into thoſe gardens, and my Nurſe having ſet me down, he and I being cloſe together, near ſome Dwarf Apple trees, I muſt need ſhew my Wit, by a ſilly Alluſion between him and the Trees, which happens to hold in their Language as it doth in ours.

1726 October 28, [Jonathan Swift], Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World. […] [Gulliver’s Travels], volume I, London: […] Benj[amin] Motte, […], →OCLC, part I (A Voyage to Lilliput), pages 226–227:

The rule holds in land as well as all other commodities.

1691, [John Locke], Some Considerations of the Consequences of the Lowering of Interest, and Raising the Value of Money. […], London: […] Awnsham and John Churchill, […], published 1692, →OCLC:

Free speech is a basic human right that holds even during a state of emergency.

2021 July 20, Masayuki Yuda, “Foodpanda faces backlash after calling Thai protest 'terrorism'”, in Nikkei Asia, Nikkei Inc, retrieved 2021-07-20:

(intransitive, copulative) To be or remain valid; to apply (usually in the third person).

to hold firm

Mother[…]considered that the exclusiveness of Peter's circle was due not to its distinction, but to the fact that it was an inner Babylon of prodigality and whoredom, from which every Kensingtonian held aloof, except on the conventional tip-and-run excursions in pursuit of shopping, tea and theatres.

1921, Ben Travers, chapter 2, in A Cuckoo in the Nest, Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Page & Company, published 1925, →OCLC:

(intransitive, copulative) To keep oneself in a particular state.

We cannot hold mortality's strong hand.

1623, William Shakespeare, The Life and Death of King John (Act iv, scene 2):

Death! what do'st? O, hold thy blow.

1646, Richard Crashaw, Vpon the Death of Mr. Herrys:

He hath not sufficient judgment and self-command to hold his tongue.

1856 February, [Thomas Babington] Macaulay, “Oliver Goldsmith”, in T[homas] F[lower] E[llis], editor, The Miscellaneous Writings and Speeches of Lord Macaulay, new edition, London: Longman, Green, Reader, & Dyer, published 1871, →OCLC:

(transitive) To impose restraint upon; to limit in motion or action; to bind legally or morally; to confine; to restrain.

He holds himself proudly erect.

Hold your head high.

Let him hold his fingers thus, and through that cranny shall Pyramus and Thisby whisper .

1595, William Shakespeare, A Midsummer Night's Dream:

Lay on, Macduff, and damned him that first cries hold, enough!

1606, William Shakespeare, The Tragedy of Macbeth:

(intransitive, chiefly imperative) Not to move; to halt; to stop.

Our force by land hath nobly held.

1623, William Shakespeare, Antony and Cleopatra:

(intransitive) Not to give way; not to part or become separated; to remain unbroken or unsubdued.

to hold one's bladder

to hold one's breath

To remain continent; to control an excretory bodily function.

She holds that passive index funds beat actively managed ones: she says that "set it and forget it," when done right, beats playing the market as a gambler.

He neuer hild but gracious thoughts of vvomen, yeat, I vvinne, / The fayreſt She he euer ſavv might quit his thoughts of ſinne.

1602, William Warner, “The Seventh Booke. Chapter XXXVI.”, in Albions England. A Continued Historie of the Same Kingdome, from the Originals of the First Inhabitants thereof: […], 5th edition, London: […] Edm[und] Bollifant for George Potter, […], →OCLC, page 173:

We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.

1776, Thomas Jefferson et al., United States Declaration of Independence:

In the old days, to my commonplace and unobserving mind, he gave no evidences of genius whatsoever. He never read me any of his manuscripts, […], and therefore my lack of detection of his promise may in some degree be pardoned. But he had then none of the oddities and mannerisms which I hold to be inseparable from genius, and which struck my attention in after days when I came in contact with the Celebrity.

1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter I, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:

It's a terrible thought / To have and hold

2023, Sufjan Stevens, “Javelin (To Have and To Hold)”, in Javelin:

(heading) To maintain or keep to particular opinions, promises, actions.

(transitive) To maintain, to consider, to opine.

He was held responsible for the actions of those under his command.

I'll hold him to that promise.

(transitive) To bind (someone) to a consequence of his or her actions.

pitää

to bind to a consequence of one's actions

Hold not thy peace, and be not still.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Psalms 83:1:

Seedtime and harvest, heat and hoary frost, / Shall hold their course.

1667, John Milton, Paradise Lost, Book II:

To maintain in being or action; to carry on; to prosecute, as a course of conduct or an argument; to continue; to sustain.

Stand fast and hold the traditions which ye have been taught.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 2 Thessalonians 2:15:

These reasons mov'd her starlike husband's heart, But still he held his purpose to depart:

1700, Ovid (John Dryden), Ceyx and Alcyone:

To accept, as an opinion; to be the adherent of, openly or privately; to persist in, as a purpose; to maintain; to sustain.

His dauntless heart would fain have held / From weeping, but his eyes rebelled.

1685, John Dryden, Threnodia Augustalis: A Funeral Pindaric Poem:

(archaic) To restrain oneself; to refrain; to hold back.


simple

en-adj

simple (comparative simpler or more simple, superlative simplest or most simple)

simpler (comparative)
more simple (comparative)
simplest (superlative)
most simple (superlative)

Inherited from Middle English symple, simple, from Old French and French simple, from Latin simplex (“simple”, literally “onefold”) (as opposed to duplex (“double”, literally “twofold”)), from semel (“the same”) + plicō (“I fold”). See same and fold. Compare single, singular, simultaneous, etc.
Partially displaced native English onefold.

der

(heading, technical) Structurally uncomplicated.

(chemistry, pharmacology) Consisting of one single substance; uncompounded.

(algebra, loosely, of an algebraic structure) Being non-trivial, and admitting no proper non-trivial quotients.

(group theory, of a group) Being non-trivial, and having no proper non-trivial normal subgroups (equivalently, no proper non-trivial quotient groups).

(module theory, of a module) Being non-trivial, and having no proper non-trivial submodules (equivalently, no proper non-trivial quotient modules).

(ring theory, of a ring) Being non-zero, and having no proper non-zero two-sided ideals (equivalently, no proper non-trivial quotient rings). For commutative rings, this definition coincides with that of a field.

equivalence relation
equivalence relation

(universal algebra, of an algebraic structure) Containing more than one element, and such that the only congruences on the structure are the diagonal relation (the equivalence relation a≡b⟺a=b) and the universal relation (the equivalence relation such that a≡b for all a,b). Equivalently, containing more than one element and having no proper non-trivial quotient algebras.

(category theory, of an object in a category with a terminal object) Being non-isomorphic to the terminal object, and such that its only quotient objects (up to isomorphism) are the terminal object and itself.

(algebra, of a Lie algebra) Being non-abelian and having no proper non-zero ideals. (Note that this is non-equivalent to the usual algebra sense; in particular, the abelian Lie algebra of dimension 1 over any given field is non-trivial and has no proper non-zero ideals, but is by convention not considered simple.)

(mathematics, real analysis, measure theory, of a real-valued function) Equal to a finite linear combination of indicator functions on measurable sets.

(botany) Not compound, but possibly lobed.

Structurally uncomplicated.
Not compound, but possibly lobed.

Chesapeake & Ohio turned to simple articulateds, for instance, simply because its Alleghany tunnels would not accommodate the low-pressure forward cylinders of larger compounds.

1959, David P. Morgan, editor, Steam's Finest Hour, Kalmbach Publishing Co., page 6:

Using steam only once in its cylinders, in contrast to a compound engine, where steam is used more than once in high-pressure and low-pressure cylinders. (of a steam engine)

a simple ascidian

(zoology) Consisting of a single individual or zooid; not compound.


metal

en-noun

metal (countable and uncountable, plural metals)

nonmetal

antonym(s) of “any of a number of chemical elements in the periodic table that form a metallic bond with other metal atoms”

From Middle English metal, a borrowing from Old French metal, from Latin metallum (“metal, mine, quarry, mineral”), itself a borrowing from Ancient Greek μέταλλον (métallon, “mine, quarry, metal”).

аметалл

atomic element or material made of such atoms

Manganism has been known about since the 19th century, when miners exposed to ores containing manganese, a silvery metal, began to totter, slur their speech and behave like someone inebriated.

2014 April 21, “Subtle effects”, in The Economist, volume 411, number 8884:

(heading) Chemical elements or alloys, and the mines where their ores come from.

Any of a number of chemical elements in the periodic table that form a metallic bond with other metal atoms; generally shiny, somewhat malleable and hard, often a conductor of heat and electricity.

But then I had the flintlock by me for protection. ¶ There were giants in the days when that gun was made; for surely no modern mortal could have held that mass of metal steady to his shoulder. The linen-press and a chest on the top of it formed, however, a very good gun-carriage; and, thus mounted, aim could be taken out of the window[…].

1879, R[ichard] J[efferies], chapter 1, in The Amateur Poacher, London: Smith, Elder, & Co., […], →OCLC:

Any material with similar physical properties, such as an alloy.

Most of the matter in stars is hydrogen and helium, and the metals (including carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and so on) were cooked up inside stars.

2003, Michael A. Seeds, Astronomy: The Solar System and Beyond, Thomson Brooks/Cole, →ISBN:

2008, Lunar and Planetary Institute, Geochemical Society, Oxygen in the solar system, Mineralogical Society of Amer →ISBN
Thus, for the remaining elements, including oxygen, the solid phase appears to be important. In fact, at a metallicity of Z=0.02, and with a gas-to-dust ratio of 100, about half of the metals — including oxygen — are contained in the solid phase.

Metals include oxygen and carbon which means that water and organic molecules would have been abundant in the early universe, perhaps paving the way for the emergence of life within a couple of billion years of the Big Bang.

2015, Alan Longstaff, Astrobiology: An Introduction, CRC Press, →ISBN, page 350:

(astronomy) An element which was not directly created after the Big Bang but instead formed through nuclear reactions; any element other than hydrogen and helium.

One of the most important tasks was the metalling of the roads, and the dumping of metal beside them in parts where it was impossible to lay it, in order that work might commence with the assault. The surface of the roads was good, but only because the Division had been holding a front so wide, which made the traffic upon them relatively light.

1922, Falls Cyril, The History of the 36th (Ulster) Division, M'Caw, Stevenson and Orr, Ltd:

Crushed rock, stones etc. used to make a road.

(mining) The ore from which a metal is derived.

Rossiter W[orthington] Raymond
w:Rossiter W. Raymond

slaves[…]and persons condemned to metals

1660, Jeremy Taylor, Ductor Dubitantium, or the Rule of Conscience in All Her General Measures; […], volume (please specify |volume=I or II), London: […] James Flesher, for Richard Royston […], →OCLC:

(obsolete) A mine from which ores are taken.


old

en-adj

old (comparative older or elder, superlative oldest or eldest or (US, dialectal) oldermost)

older (comparative)
elder (comparative)
oldest (superlative)
eldest (superlative)
oldermost (US dialectal superlative)
ol' (alternative)
ol (alternative)
ole (alternative)
olde (alternative archaic)

brand new

antonym(s) of “having existed for a long period of time”

young

antonym(s) of “having lived for many years”

Inherited from Middle English old, oold, from Old English ald, eald (“old, aged, ancient, antique, primeval”), from Proto-West Germanic *ald, from Proto-Germanic *aldaz (“grown-up”), originally a participle form, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eltós (“grown, tall, big”). Cognate with Scots auld (“old”), North Frisian ool, ual, uul (“old”), Saterland Frisian oold (“old”), West Frisian âld (“old”), Dutch oud (“old”), Low German old (“old”), German alt (“old”), Swedish äldre (“older, elder”), Icelandic eldri (“older, elder”), Latin altus (“high, tall, grown big, lofty”). Related to eld.

ажә

of an object, concept, etc: having existed for a relatively long period of time

жъы

of a living being: having lived for relatively many years

ancient

as demure as an old whore at a christening

Some Old Hippie Caught Another Hippie Tripping On Acid

there's many a good tune played on an old fiddle

you can't put an old head on young shoulders

My new car is not as good as my old one.  a school reunion for Old Etonians

The humor of my proposition appealed more strongly to Miss Trevor than I had looked for, and from that time forward she became her old self again; for, even after she had conquered her love for the Celebrity, the mortification of having been jilted by him remained.

1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter VIII, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:

But over my old life, a new life had formed.

(heading) Of an earlier time.
Former, previous.

The footpath follows the route of an old railway line.

(heading) Of an earlier time.
That is no longer in existence.

That is the old way of doing things; now we do it this way.

(heading) Of an earlier time.
Obsolete; out-of-date.

When he got drunk and quarrelsome they just gave him the old heave-ho.

Adrian thought it worth while to try out his new slang. ‘I say, you fellows, here's a rum go. Old Biffo was jolly odd this morning. He gave me a lot of pi-jaw about slacking and then invited me to tea. No rotting! He did really.’

1991, Stephen Fry, chapter III, in The Liar, London: William Heinemann, →ISBN, page 26:

(UK) Being a graduate or alumnus of a school, especially a public school.


space

en-noun

space (countable and uncountable, plural spaces)

From Middle English space, from Anglo-Norman space, variant of espace, espas et al., and spaze, variant of espace, from Latin spatium, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)peh₂- (“to stretch, to pull”).

der

Proto-Indo-European *(s)peh₂- (“to stretch, to pull”)

مَسَافَة

gap between written characters, lines etc.

Fully Automated Luxury Queer Space Communism

But neere him, thy Angell / Becomes a feare: as being o're-powr'd, therefore / Make ſpace enough betweene you.

c. 1606–1607 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Anthonie and Cleopatra”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene iii], page 347, column 2:

Which means that for every car there was 10 years ago, there are now 40. Which means - and this is my own, not totally scientific, calculation - that the space between cars on the roads in 1991 was roughly 39 car lengths, because today there is no space at all.

2001 November 3, Sam Wollaston, “Russian around”, in The Guardian:

(heading) Unlimited or generalized extent, physical or otherwise.

Unlimited or generalized extent, physical or otherwise.

O God, I could be bounded in a nutſhell, and / count my ſelfe a King of infinite ſpace; were it not that / I haue bad dreames.

c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene iii], page 364, column 1:

They also wanted a larger garden and more space for home working.

2007 May 12, Dominic Bradbury, “Lost and found - an artist's voyage from city to country”, in The Guardian:

A physical extent across two or three dimensions (sometimes for or to do something).

ndërkohë

physical extent in two or three dimensions

Space is the Phantasme of a Thing existing without the Mind simply.

1656, Thomas Hobbes, Elements of Philosophy, section II:

These are not questions which can be decided by reference to our space intuitions, for our intuitions are confined to Euclidean space, and even there are insufficient, approximative.

The early results from Gravity Probe B, one of Nasa's most complicated satellites, confirmed yesterday 'to a precision of better than 1 per cent' the assertion Einstein made 90 years ago - that an object such as the Earth does indeed distort the fabric of space and time.

2007 April 15, Anushka Asthana, David Smith, The Observer:

A physical extent in all directions, seen as an attribute of the universe (now usually considered as a part of space-time), or a mathematical model of this.

the first man in space

How firſt began this Heav'n which we behold / Diſtant ſo high, with moving Fires adornd / Innumerable, and this which yeelds or fills / All ſpace, the ambient Aire wide interfus'd / Imbracing round this florid Earth, […]

1667, John Milton, “Book VII”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC, lines 86–90:

After all, to go into outer space is not so much worse, if at all, than a polar expedition.

1900 December – 1901 August, H[erbert] G[eorge] Wells, The First Men in the Moon, London: George Newnes, […], published 1901, →OCLC:

The human race must colonise space within the next two centuries or it will become extinct, Stephen Hawking warned today.

2010 August 9, Stephen Hawking, quotee, “Stephen Hawking: mankind must colonise space or die out”, in The Guardian:

The near-vacuum in which planets, stars and other celestial objects are situated; the universe beyond the earth's atmosphere.

Around the time of my parents' divorce, I learned that reading could also give me space.

1996, Linda Brodkey, Writing Permitted in Designated Areas Only:

"I care about you Billy, whether you believe it or not; but right now I need my space."

The physical and psychological area one needs within which to live or operate; personal freedom.

Come on, thou are granted ſpace.

c. 1604–1605 (date written), William Shakespeare, “All’s Well, that Ends Well”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene i], page 245, column 2:

In two days hence / The Judge of life and death aſcends his ſeat. / —This will afford him ſpace to reach the camp[…].

1793, Henry Boyd, “The Royal Message”, in Poems, Dublin: Graisberry and Campbell, page 408:

(now rare, archaic) Free time; leisure, opportunity.

Of time.
Free time; leisure, opportunity.

I pray you, sirs, to take some cheers the while I go for a moment's space to my poor afflicted child.

1893, Mary Eleanor Wilkins Freeman, Giles Corey:

The match was lost, though, in the space of just twenty minutes or so.

2007 October 20, Andy Bull, “We wozn't robbed!”, in The Guardian:

But their lead lasted just 10 minutes before Roman Pavlyuchenko and Jermain Defoe both headed home in the space of two minutes to wrestle back control.

2011 September 29, Jon Smith, “Tottenham 3-1 Shamrock Rovers”, in BBC Sport:

(heading) Of time.
A specific (specified) period of time.

Of time.
A specific (specified) period of time.

Even Comrade Butt cast off his gloom for a space and immersed his whole being in scrambled eggs.

1923 May 17, P[elham] G[renville] Wodehouse, “(please specify the page)”, in The Inimitable Jeeves, Harmondsworth, Middlesex [London]: Penguin Books, published 1979, →ISBN:

An undefined period of time (without qualifier, especially a short period); a while.

An undefined period of time (without qualifier, especially a short period); a while.

Carried somehow, somewhither, for some reason, on these surging floods, were these travelers,[…]. Even such a boat as the Mount Vernon offered a total deck space so cramped as to leave secrecy or privacy well out of the question, even had the motley and democratic assemblage of passengers been disposed to accord either.

1910, Emerson Hough, chapter II, in The Purchase Price: Or The Cause of Compromise, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:

The street door was open, and we entered a narrow space with washing facilities, curtained off from the courtyard.

2000, Ziba Mir-Hosseini, Islam and Gender:

Converted from vast chambers beneath the old Bankside Power Station which once held a million gallons of oil, the new public areas consist of two large circular spaces for performances and film installations, plus a warren of smaller rooms.

2012 July 16, Charlotte Higgins, “Tate Modern unlocks Tanks – and introduces live art into mainstream”, in The Guardian:

(heading) A bounded or specific extent, physical or otherwise.

A (chiefly empty) area or volume with set limits or boundaries.

A bounded or specific extent, physical or otherwise.

A (chiefly empty) area or volume with set limits or boundaries.

The note next above Sol is La; La, therefore, stands in the 2nd space; Si, on the 3rd line, &c.

1849, Guillaume Louis Bocquillon-Wilhem, translated by John Pyke Hullah, Wilhelm's Method of Teaching Singing:

The lines and spaces of the staff are named according to the first seven letters of the alphabet, that is, A B C D E F G.

(music) A position on the staff or stave bounded by lines.

A position on the staff or stave bounded by lines.

According to experts, a single line of text should rarely exceed about 50 characters (including letters and all the spaces between words).

1992, Sam H Ham, Environmental Interpretation:

It should be typed a space below the salutation : Dear Sir, Subject : Replacement of defective items.

2005, Dr BR Kishore, Dynamic Business Letter Writing:

A gap in text between words, lines etc., or a digital character used to create such a gap.

If it be only a Single Letter or two that drops, he thruſts the end of his Bodkin between every Letter of that Word, till he comes to a Space: and then perhaps by forcing thoſe Letters closer, he may have room to put in another Space or a Thin Space; which if he cannot do, and he finds the Space ſtand Looſe in the Form; he with the Point of his Bodkin picks the Space up and bows it a little; which bowing makes the Letters on each ſide of the Space keep their parallel diſtance; for by its Spring it thruſts the Letters that were cloſed with the end of the Bodkin to their adjunct Letters, that needed no cloſing.

1683, Joseph Moxon, Mechanick Exercises: Or, the Doctrine of Handy-Works. Applied to the art of Printing., volume 2, pages 240–1:

Horizontal spacing is further divided into multiples and fractions of the em. The multiples are called quads. The fractions are called spaces.

1979, Marshall Lee, Bookmaking, page 110:

Other larger spaces – known as quads – were used to space out lines.

2005, Phil Baines, Andrew Haslam, Type & Typography, 2nd edition, page 91:

(letterpress typography) A piece of metal type used to separate words, cast lower than other type so as not to take ink, especially one that is narrower than one en (compare quad).

Mainstream Hollywood would not cater to the taste for sexual sensation, which left a space for B-movies, including noir.

2004, Harry M Benshoff, editor, Queer Cinéma:

A horizontal scar filled the space on her chest where her right breast used to be.

2009, Barbara L. Lev, From Pink to Green:

(geometry) A set of points, each of which is uniquely specified by a number (the dimensionality) of coordinates.

Functional analysis is best approached through a sound knowledge of Hilbert space theory.

(countable, mathematics) A generalized construct or set whose members have some property in common; typically there will be a geometric metaphor allowing these members to be viewed as "points". Often used with a restricting modifier describing the members (e.g. vector space), or indicating the inventor of the construct (e.g. Hilbert space).

espai

mathematics: generalized construct or set

innovation in the browser space

CNBC has shown a greater commitment to the crypto space than most other mainstream outlets, providing daily updates on bitcoin or other very large cryptocurrencies.

2019, Ryan Derousseau, The Everything Guide to Investing in Cryptocurrency […] , Simon and Schuster, →ISBN, page 269:

[T]hey became responsible for managing aspects of civilian labour in the medical space, and their roles were contrasted with those of the female physiotherapists in the hospital.

2020, Alexia Moncrieff, Expertise, Authority and Control, Cambridge University Press, page 187:

(countable, figuratively) A field, area, or sphere of activity or endeavour.

A field, area, or sphere of activity or endeavour.

ala

figuratively: field, area, or sphere of activity or endeavour — see also area, domain, field, sector, sphere

Communication in Internet chat spaces allows participants to communicate so freely in the relative safety of anonymity that they forget their privacy.

2007, Jacob van Kokswijk, Digital Ego: Social and Legal Aspects of Virtual Identity, page 88:

Anything analogous to a physical space in which one can interact, such as an online chat room.


mark

marks (plural)
marke (alternative obsolete)
merk (alternative obsolete)
marc (alternative obsolete)

→ Bengali: মার্কা (marka)

→ Cantonese: 嘜 /唛 (mak¹, maak¹)

desc

→ Shanghainese: 麥克麥克 /麦克麦克 (⁸maq-kheq₇-maq₈-kheq₇)

→ Shanghainese: 麥克麥克 /麦克麦克 (⁸maq-kheq₇-maq₈-kheq₇)

→ Japanese: マーク (māku)

→ Korean: 마크 (makeu)

From Middle English mark, merk, merke, from Old English mearc (“mark, sign, line of division; standard; boundary, limit, term, border; defined area, district, province”), from Proto-West Germanic *marku, from Proto-Germanic *markō (“boundary; boundary marker”), from Proto-Indo-European *mórǵs (“edge, boundary, border”).
Compare march.
Cognates
* Dutch mark, merk (“mark, brand”)
* German Mark (“mark; borderland”), Marke (“mark, brand”)
* Swedish mark (“mark, land, territory”)
* Icelandic mark (“mark, sign”)
* Latin margo (“edge, margin”)
* Persian مرز (marz, “limit, boundary”)
* Sanskrit मर्या (maryā, “limit, mark, boundary”), मार्ग (mārga, “mark, section”).

der

Proto-Germanic *markō (“boundary; boundary marker”)

Proto-Indo-European *mórǵs (“edge, boundary, border”)

cog

Sanskrit मर्या (maryā, “limit, mark, boundary”)

(heading) Boundary, land within a boundary.

(obsolete) A boundary; a border or frontier.

Boundary, land within a boundary.
A boundary; a border or frontier.

Boundary, land within a boundary.
A boundary-post or fence.

I do remember a great thron in Yatton field near Bristow-way, against which Sir William Waller's men made a great fire and killed it. I think the stump remains, and was a mark for travellers.

1859, Henry Bull, A history, military and municipal, of the ancient borough of the Devizes:

A stone or post used to indicate position and guide travellers.

A stone or post used to indicate position and guide travellers.

There dwells Théoden son of Thengel, King of the Mark of Rohan.

(archaic) A type of small region or principality.

Boundary, land within a boundary.
A type of small region or principality.

(historical) A common, or area of common land, especially among early Germanic peoples.

depend upon it, you will speedily receive from me a letter of thanks for this as well as for every other mark of your regard during my stay in Hertfordshire.

1813 January 27, [Jane Austen], Pride and Prejudice: […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), London: […] [George Sidney] for T[homas] Egerton, […], →OCLC:

(heading) Characteristic, sign, visible impression.

An omen; a symptomatic indicator of something.

Characteristic, sign, visible impression.

An omen; a symptomatic indicator of something.

A good sense of manners is the mark of a true gentleman.

there is surely a physiognomy, which those experienced and master mendicants observe, whereby they instantly discover a merciful aspect, and will single out a face, wherein they spy the signatures and marks of mercy.

1642, [Thomas Browne], “(please specify the page)”, in Religio Medici, London: […] Andrew Crooke, →OCLC:

Then she put before her face her poor crushed hands, which bore on their whiteness the red mark of the Count's terrible grip[…].

1897, Bram Stoker, Dracula, New York, N.Y.: Modern Library, →OCLC:

A visible impression or sign; a blemish, scratch, or stain, whether accidental or intentional.

Doubt not of thine election, it is an immutable decree; a mark never to be defaced: you have been otherwise, you may and shall be.

1624, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], “III.iv.2.6”, in The Anatomy of Melancholy: […], 2nd edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC:

The font wasn't able to render all the diacritical marks properly.

With eggs, you need to check for the quality mark before you buy.

But vvhat a vvretched, and diſconſolate Hermitage is that Houſe, vvhich is not viſited by thee [God], and vvhat a VVayue, and Stray is that Man, that hath not thy Markes vpon him?

1624, John Donne, “13. Prayer”, in Deuotions upon Emergent Occasions, and Seuerall Steps in My Sicknes: […], London: […] A[ugustine] M[atthews] for Thomas Iones, →OCLC, page 329:

The mark of the artisan is found upon the most ancient fabrics that have come to light.

1876, Edward H. Knight, American Mechanical Dictionary:

A stamp or other indication of provenance, quality etc.

A stamp or other indication of provenance, quality etc.

(obsolete) Resemblance, likeness, image.

I am proud to present my patented travelator, mark two.

A particular design or make of an item (now usually with following numeral).

What mark did you get in your history test?

A score for finding the correct answer, or other academic achievement; the sum of such points gained as out of a possible total.

A skilfull archer ought first to know the marke he aimeth at, and then apply his hand, his bow, his string, his arrow and his motion accordingly.

To give them an accurate eye and strength of arm, none under twenty-four years of age might shoot at any standing mark, except it was for a rover, and then he was to change his mark at every shot; and no person above that age might shoot at any mark whose distance was less than eleven score yards.

1786, Francis Grose, A Treatise on Ancient Armour and Weapons, page 37:

(heading) Indicator of position, objective etc.

A target for shooting at with a projectile.

A target for shooting at with a projectile.

I filled the bottle up to the 500ml mark.

An indication or sign used for reference or measurement.

An indication or sign used for reference or measurement.

Another common form of short con is the shell game. This scam has the advantage of giving the criminal the ability to rip off many marks all at one location.

2009, Michael Benson, Cons and Frauds, Infobase, →ISBN, page 21:

[Xi Jinping] asked for Trump's personal attention to the issue, probably figuring he had identified his mark and wasn't going to let him get away.

2020 June 23, John Bolton, The Room Where It Happened: A White House Memoir, New York, N.Y.: Simon & Schuster, →ISBN, page 313:

Dominic Di Grasso (Michael Imperioli): How are you gonna make it in life if you're this big a mark?
Albie Di Grasso (Adam DiMarco): I'm not a mark.

2022 December 11, Mike White, “Arrivederci”, in Mike White, director, The White Lotus, season 2, episode 7, via HBO:

(informal) The target or intended victim of a swindle, fixed game or con game; a gullible person.

A mark saies my Lady. Let the mark haue a prick in't, to meate at, if it may be.

c. 1595–1596 (date written), William Shakespeare, “Loues Labour’s Lost”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iv]:

her thighs were still spread, and the mark lay fair for him, who, now kneeling between them, displayed to us a side-view of that fierce erect machine of his[…].

1749, [John Cleland], “(Please specify the letter or volume)”, in Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure [Fanny Hill], London: […] [Thomas Parker] for G. Fenton [i.e., Fenton and Ralph Griffiths] […], →OCLC:

Indicator of position, objective etc.
The female genitals.

(Rugby football, Australian rules football) A catch of the ball directly from a kick of 10 metres or more without having been touched in transit, resulting in a free kick.

Rugby football; Australian rules football; Rugby football; Australian rules football

hopu taureke

catching a ball on the full to earn a free kick in such games as Rugby, Australian Rules, etc.)

(sports) The line indicating an athlete's starting-point.

The line indicating an athlete's starting-point.

Indicator of position, objective etc.
A score for a sporting achievement.

A mark for tardiness or for absence is considered by most pupils a disgrace, and strenuous efforts are made to avoid such a mark.

1871, Chicago Board of Education, Annual Report, volume 17, page 102:

An official note that is added to a record kept about someone's behavior or performance.

Now put the pastry in at 450 degrees, or mark 8.

(cooking) A specified level on a scale denoting gas-powered oven temperatures.

The Mark I system had poor radar, and the Mark II was too expensive; regardless, most antiaircraft direction remained the responsibility of the Mark I Eyeball (as the jocular phrase calls it): that is, the operator's eye.

(product design/engineering) The model number of a device; a device model.

The model number of a device; a device model.

to be within the mark

to come up to the mark

Indicator of position, objective etc.
Limit or standard of action or fact.

In the official marks invested, you / Anon do meet the Senate.

1605, William Shakespeare, The Tragedy of Coriolanus:

Badge or sign of honour, rank, or official station.

Badge or sign of honour, rank, or official station.

patricians of mark

a fellow of no mark

Indicator of position, objective etc.
Preeminence; high position.

(logic) A characteristic or essential attribute; a differential.

A characteristic or essential attribute; a differential.

(nautical) One of the bits of leather or coloured bunting placed upon a sounding line at intervals of from two to five fathoms. (The unmarked fathoms are called "deeps".)

His last comment is particularly worthy of mark.

(heading) Attention.
(archaic) Attention, notice.

in the short story of western flavor he was a pioneer of mark, the founder of a genre: probably no other writer is so significant in his field.

1909, Richard Burton, Masters of the English Novel:

Importance, noteworthiness. (Generally in postmodifier “of mark”.)

(heading) Attention.
(obsolete) Regard; respect.

But faults so countenanced, that the strong statutes Stand like the forfeits in a barber's shop, as much in mock as mark

1604, William Shakespeare, Measure for Measure:


call

en-verb

call (third-person singular simple present calls, present participle calling, simple past and past participle called or (archaic) call'd)

calls (present singular third-person)
calling (participle present)
called (participle past)
called (past)
call'd (archaic participle past)
call'd (archaic past)
call (infinitive)
call (first-person present singular)
called (first-person past singular)
callest (archaic present second-person singular)
called (past second-person singular)
calledst (archaic past second-person singular)
calls (present singular third-person)
calleth (archaic present singular third-person)
called (past singular third-person)
call (plural present)
called (past plural)
call (present subjunctive)
called (past subjunctive)
call (imperative present)
calling (participle present)
called (participle past)
call'd (archaic participle past)

→ Kashubian: kolowac (United States)

From Middle English callen, from Old English ċeallian (“to call, shout”) and Old Norse kalla (“to call; shout; refer to as; name”); both from Proto-Germanic *kalzōną (“to call, shout”), from Proto-Indo-European *golH-so- (“voice, cry”), from *gel(H)- (“to vocalize, call, shout”).
Cognates
* Scots call, caw, ca (“to call, cry, shout”)
* Dutch kallen (“to chat, talk”),
* German kallen (“to call”)
* Swedish kalla (“to call, refer to, beckon”)
* Norwegian kalle (“to call, name”)
* Danish kalde (“to call, name”)
* Icelandic kalla (“to call, shout, name”)
* Welsh galw (“to call, demand”)
* Polish głos (“voice”)
* Lithuanian gal̃sas (“echo”)
* Russian голос (golos, “voice”)
* Albanian gjuhë (“language, tongue”).

der

Old Norse kalla (“to call; shout; refer to as; name”)

inh

Proto-Germanic *kalzōną (“to call, shout”)

der

Proto-Indo-European *golH-so- (“voice, cry”)

cog

Swedish kalla (“to call, refer to, beckon”)

Icelandic kalla (“to call, shout, name”)

call a spade a spade and a shovel a shovel

call someone everything but a child of God

desperate times call for desperate measures

is that what the kids are calling it these days

That person is hurt; call for help!

So they called for Rooms; and he ſhewed them one for Christiana and her Children and Mercy, and another for Mr. Great-heart and the old Gentleman.

1684, John Bunyan, The Pilgrim’s Progress. From This World to That which is to Come: The Second Part. […], London: […] Nathaniel Ponder […], →OCLC; reprinted in The Pilgrim’s Progress as Originally Published by John Bunyan: Being a Fac-simile Reproduction of the First Edition, London: Elliot Stock […], 1875, →OCLC, page 128:

(heading) To reach out with one's voice.

(intransitive) To request, summon, or beckon.

To reach out with one's voice.
To request, summon, or beckon.

If you heare a child crie in the night you must call to the nurſe and bid her ſtil it.

1598–1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, Much Adoe about Nothing. […], quarto edition, London: […] V[alentine] S[immes] for Andrew Wise, and William Aspley, published 1600, →OCLC, [Act III, scene iii]:

For far—oh, very far behind, / So far she cannot call to him, / Comes Tegumai alone to find / The daughter that was all to him!

1902, Rudyard Kipling, “How the Alphabet was Made”, in Just So Stories: For Little Children, New York, N.Y.: Doubleday, Page & Company, →OCLC, stanza 5, page 169:

To reach out with one's voice.
To cry or shout.

to call the roll of a military company

Not ballad-ſinger plac'd above the croud, / Sings with a note ſo ſhrilling ſweet and loud, / Nor pariſh clerk who calls the pſalm ſo clear, / Like Bowzybeus ſooths th' attentive ear.

1714, J[ohn] Gay, “Saturday; or, The Flights”, in The Shepherd’s Week. In Six Pastorals, London: […] R. Burleigh […], →OCLC, page 56, lines 47–50:

(transitive) To utter in a loud or distinct voice.

To reach out with one's voice.
To utter in a loud or distinct voice.

Why don’t you call me in the morning?

Why don’t you call tomorrow?

(ambitransitive) To contact by telephone.

To reach out with one's voice.
To contact by telephone.

anläuten

Germany regional (esp. southern Germany), Austria regional (esp. western Austria: Vorarlberg), otherwise dialectal or dated; Switzerland; South Tyrol dialectal; South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal)

Take not away the Taper, leaue it burning: / And if thou canſt awake by foure o’th’clock, / I prythee call me: Sleepe hath ceiz’d me wholly.

1611 April (first recorded performance), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Cymbeline”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene ii], page 376, column 2:

(transitive) To rouse from sleep; to awaken.

To reach out with one's voice.
To rouse from sleep; to awaken.

They called I Got Rhythm, and turned to me again for a solo, and I said what?

Jeff Castleman and Rufus Jones were in position when they went out, and he immediately called Satin Doll.

I thought he forgot all about it, but late in the set he called St. Louis Blues.

2015, Clyde E. B. Bernhardt, I Remember: Eighty Years of Black Entertainment, Big Bands, and the Blues, University of Pennsylvania Press, →ISBN, page 98:

(transitive, jazz) To request that one's band play (a particular tune).

To request that one's band play (a particular tune).

CALL 1 scold

1865, William Stott Banks, Wakefield Words, page 11:

To reach out with one's voice.
To scold.

We could always call on a friend.

The engineer called round whilst you were away.

[...] He ordered Her to call at His Houſe once a Week, which She did for ſome Time; after which He heard no more of Her.

a. 1700 (date written), William Temple, “Of Health and Long-life”, in Miscellanea. The Third Part. […], London: […] Jonathan Swift, […] Benjamin Tooke, […], published 1701, →OCLC, page 127:

The Celebrity, by arts unknown, induced Mrs. Judge Short and two other ladies to call at Mohair on a certain afternoon when Mr. Cooke was trying a trotter on the track.

1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter IV, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC, page 58:

To pay a (social) visit (often used with "on", "round", or "at"; used by salespeople with "again" to invite customers to come again).

This train calls at Reading, Slough and London Paddington.

Our cruise ship called at Bristol Harbour.

(heading, intransitive) To visit.
To stop at a station or port.

They say your love will surely fade, girl, / When things go wrong and trouble calls.

1968 December 8, Henry Cosby, Sylvia Moy, Stevie Wonder, “I’d Be a Fool Right Now”, in For Once in My Life, performed by Stevie Wonder:

(heading, intransitive) To visit.
To come to pass; to afflict.

Why don’t we dispense with the formalities? Please call me Al.

I don't know how you and the 'head,' as you call him, will get on, but I do know that if you call my duds a 'livery' again there'll be trouble. It's bad enough to go around togged out like a life saver on a drill day, but I can stand that 'cause I'm paid for it. What I won't stand is to have them togs called a livery.

1913, Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter VII, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y., London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC:

The Bat—they called him the Bat. Like a bat he chose the night hours for his work of rapine; like a bat he struck and vanished, pouncingly, noiselessly; like a bat he never showed himself to the face of the day.

1920, Mary Roberts Rinehart, Avery Hopwood, “The Shadow of the Bat”, in The Bat: A Novel from the Play (Dell Book; 241), New York, N.Y.: Dell Publishing Company, →OCLC, page 6:

But the scandals kept coming, and so we entered stage three–what therapists call "bargaining". A broad section of the political class now recognises the need for change but remains unable to see the necessity of a fundamental overhaul. Instead it offers fixes and patches.

2013 June 28, Joris Luyendijk, “Our banks are out of control”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 3, page 21:

(heading) To name, identify, or describe.

To name, identify, or describe.
To name or refer to.

I’m called John.

A very tall building is called a skyscraper.

The ability of a segment of a glass sphere to magnify whatever is placed before it was known around the year 1000, when the spherical segment was called a reading stone, essentially what today we might term a frameless magnifying glass or plain glass paperweight.

2013 September-October, Henry Petroski, “The Evolution of Eyeglasses”, in American Scientist:

(in passive) Of a person, to have as one's name; of a thing, to have as its name.

Of a person, to have as one's name; of a thing, to have as its name.

They call the distance ten miles.

That’s enough work. Let's call it a day and go home.

The whole army is called 700,000 men

1842, Henry Brougham, Political Philosophy:

To state, or estimate, approximately or loosely; to characterize without strict regard to fact.

I call bullshit.

She called foul on their scheme.

Having been around the block a few times, I immediately called "shenanigans” on it, but even so, I was taken aback.

(transitive) To claim the existence of some malfeasance; to denounce as.

To claim the existence of some malfeasance; to denounce as.

This ſpeech calls him Spaniard, being nothing but / A large inventory of his own commendations.

c. 1608–1610, Francis Beaumont, John Fletcher, “Philaster: Or, Love Lies a Bleeding”, in Fifty Comedies and Tragedies. […], [part 1], London: […] J[ohn] Macock [and H. Hills], for John Martyn, Henry Herringman, and Richard Marriot, published 1679, →OCLC, Act I, scene i, page 22, column 2:

(obsolete) To disclose the class or character of; to identify.

To disclose the class or character of; to identify.

The captains call the coin toss.

(heading) To declare, or declare in favor of, a predicted or actual result.

To declare, or declare in favor of, a predicted or actual result.

He called twelve of the last three recessions.

“Let’s call it. Time of death, 08:45.” The respiratory therapist stopped bagging. The doctor stopped CPR. There was no heartbeat on the monitor. Michael was dead.

1997, Joanni Nelson Horchler, Robin Rice Morris, The SIDS Survival Guide: Information and Comfort for Grieving Family and Friends and Professionals who Seek to Help Them, page 33:

EXAMPLES: Time of death was called at 16:34(Incorrect). Time of death was called at 1634 p.m.(Incorrect). Time of death was called at 1634 hours(Correct). NOTE: Military (or 24-hour) time is not used with a.m, p.m, or o’clock. It is frequently used to state birth and death times, as well as time of day in autopsy protocols. It is customary to write the word hours after the figures.

2012, Marcy O. Diehl, Medical Transcription: Techniques and Procedures (Seventh Edition), page 127:

If you are staring your dream in the face and seeing that it is time to quit, I urge you to call the time of death right now. You can sit here with this book in your hand and do it, or climb to a mountaintop and shout it, or write it on a message in a bottle and throw it out to sea. However you do it, do it. I can guarantee that there is life on the other side of the impossible. And naming the time of death is an important process in moving on, letting go, and getting to the other side.

2015, Tracey Cleantis, The Next Happy: Let Go of the Life You Planned and Find a New Way Forward:

(transitive) To formally recognise a death: especially to announce and record the time, place and fact of a person’s death.

After the third massive failure, John called the whole initiative.

To declare (an effort or project) to be a failure.

To declare (an effort or project) to be a failure.

The goal was called offside.

(sports) To make a decision as a referee or umpire.

To make a decision as a referee or umpire.

pitar

sports: to make a decision as a referee or umpire

(heading, sports) Direct or indirect use of the voice.

(cricket) (of a batsman): To shout directions to the other batsman on whether or not they should take a run.

huutaa merkki

to shout directions to the other batsman on whether or not they should take a run

näyttää merkkiä (in pesäpallo with visual cues)

(baseball, cricket) (of a fielder): To shout to other fielders that he intends to take a catch (thus avoiding collisions).

cridar

to shout to other fielders that he intends to take a catch thus avoiding collisions

Every shot must be called.

(cue sports) To tell in advance which shot one is attempting.

To tell in advance which shot one is attempting.

I bet $800 and Jane raised to $1600. My options: call (match her $1600 bet), reraise, or fold.

(intransitive, poker) To equal the same amount that other players are currently betting.

To equal the same amount that other players are currently betting.

I’ll call your 300, and raise to 600!

(intransitive, poker, proscribed) To match the current bet amount, in preparation for a raise in the same turn. (Usually, players are forbidden to announce one's play this way.)

meegaan

to match or equal the amount of poker chips in the pot as the player that bet

My partner called two spades.

(transitive) To state, or invoke a rule, in many games such as bridge, craps, jacks, and so on.

анонси́рам

to state, or invoke a rule, in many games such as bridge, craps, jacks, and so on


way

ways (plural)
waye (alternative obsolete)
waie (alternative obsolete)

From Middle English way, wey, from Old English weġ, from Proto-West Germanic *weg, from Proto-Germanic *wegaz, from Proto-Indo-European *weǵʰ-. Doublet of voe and possibly via.

have one's head screwed on the right way

his driveway doesn't go all the way to the road

one's elevator doesn't go all the way to the top

someone's driveway doesn't go all the way to the road

the real treasure is the friends we made along the way

there's more than one way to cook an egg

there's more than one way to crack an egg

there's more than one way to peel an orange

the way to a man's heart is through his stomach

you don't need a weatherman to know which way the wind blows

Do you know the way to the airport?  Come this way and I'll show you a shortcut.  It's a long way from here.

Twen miles is a long way to walk.

The way seems difficult, and steep to scale.

1667, John Milton, “Book II”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:

the season and ways very improper for his Majesty's forces to march so great a distance

1688 November 15 (Gregorian calendar), John Evelyn, “[Diary entry for 5 November 1688]”, in William Bray, editor, Memoirs, Illustrative of the Life and Writings of John Evelyn, […], 2nd edition, volume I, London: Henry Colburn, […]; and sold by John and Arthur Arch, […], published 1819, →OCLC:

Judge Short had gone to town, and Farrar was off for a three days' cruise up the lake. I was bitterly regretting I had not gone with him when the distant notes of a coach horn reached my ear, and I descried a four-in-hand winding its way up the inn road from the direction of Mohair.

1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter IV, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:

I was on my way to the door, but all at once, through the fog in my head, I began to sight one reef that I hadn't paid any attention to afore.

1913, Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter IV, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y., London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC:

"It's a long way to Tipperary, / it's a long way to go." [It’s a Long Way to Tipperary, a marching and music hall song by Jack Judge and Henry "Harry" James Williams, popularized especially by British troops in World War One]

"Do you know the way to San Jose?" [song title and lyrics, Bacharach and David]

Risk is everywhere.[…]For each one there is a frighteningly precise measurement of just how likely it is to jump from the shadows and get you. “The Norm Chronicles”[…]aims to help data-phobes find their way through this blizzard of risks.

2013 June 22, “Snakes and ladders”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8841, page 76:

A road, a direction, a (physical or conceptual) path from one place to another.

We got into the cinema through the back way.

Just under the ceiling there were three lunette windows, heavily barred and blacked out in the normal way by centuries of grime. Their bases were on a level with the pavement outside, a narrow way which was several feet lower than the road behind the house.

1963, Margery Allingham, chapter 14, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC:

(heading) To do with a place or places.
A means to enter or leave a place.

If you're ever 'round this way, come over and visit me.

(heading) To do with a place or places.
A roughly-defined geographical area.

There's no way I'm going to clean up after you.

Possibility (usually in the phrases 'any way' and 'no way').

My little sister always whines until she gets her way.

Determined course; resolved mode of action or conduct.