transept

From French transept, from New Latin transeptum, from Latin trans- (“across”) + saeptum (“fence, partition, enclosure”).

Here, in the transept and choir, where the service was being held, one was conscious every moment of an increasing brightness; colours glowing vividly beneath the circular chandeliers, and the rows of small lights on the choristers' desks flashed and sparkled in front of the boys' faces, deep linen collars, and red neckbands.

1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter V, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:

(architecture) The transversal part of a church, which crosses at right angles to the greatest length, and between the nave and choir. In the basilicas, this had often no projection at its two ends. In Gothic churches these project greatly, and should be called the arms of the transept. It is common, however, to speak of the arms themselves as the transepts.


caulis

Learned borrowing from Latin caulis. Doublet of cole, gobi, and kale.

(architecture) Each of the main stalks which support the volutes and helices of a Corinthian capital.


perp

a perp window

(architecture) Clipping of perpendicular.


quire

From Middle English quer, quere, from Old French quer, from Latin chorus, from Ancient Greek χορός (khorós, “company of dancers or singers”). Doublet of choir, chorus, and hora.

der

Alternative form: (uncommon) choir

(architecture) One quarter of a cruciform church, or the architectural area of a church, generally used by the choir; often near the apse.


broach

From Middle English broche, from Old French broche, from Vulgar Latin *brocca, originally a feminine form of Latin broccus, perhaps ultimately of Gaulish origin (see Scottish Gaelic bròg; cognate to brochure).

(architecture, UK, dialect) A spire rising from a tower.


skeleton

skeletons (plural)
skeleta (plural)
sceleton (alternative)

From New Latin sceleton, from Ancient Greek σκελετόν (skeletón), the neuter of σκελετός (skeletós, “dried up, withered, dried body, parched, mummy”), from σκέλλω (skéllō, “dry, dry up, make dry, parch”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kelh₁- (“to parch, wither”); compare Ancient Greek σκληρός (sklērós, “hard”).

(architecture) A frame that provides support to a building or other construction.


column

From Middle English columne, columpne, columpe, borrowed from Old French columne, from Latin columna (“a column, pillar, post”), originally a collateral form of columen, contraction culmen (“a pillar, top, crown, summit”). Akin to Latin collis (“a hill”), celsus (“high”), probably to Ancient Greek κολοφών (kolophṓn, “top, summit”).

cog

a little from column A and a little from column B

(architecture) A solid upright structure designed usually to support a larger structure above it, such as a roof or horizontal beam, but sometimes for decoration.


beak

en-noun

beak (countable and uncountable, plural beaks)

From Middle English bec, borrowed from Anglo-Norman bec, Old French bec, from Latin beccus, from Gaulish *bekkos, from Proto-Celtic *bekkos (“beak, snout”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bak-, *baḱ- (“pointed stick, peg”). Cognate with Breton beg (“beak”). Compare Saterland Frisian Bäk (“mouth; muzzle; beak”); Dutch bek (“beak; bill; neb”).

cog

(architecture) A continuous slight projection ending in an arris or narrow fillet; that part of a drip from which the water is thrown off.


chase

Possibly from obsolete French chas (“groove”, “enclosure”), from Old French, from Latin capsa (“box”). Or perhaps a shortening or derivative of enchase. Doublet of case, cash, and chasse.

(architecture) A trench or channel or other encasement structure for encasing (archaically spelled enchasing) drainpipes or wiring; a hollow space in the wall of a building encasing ventilation ducts, chimney flues, wires, cables or plumbing.

канал

A trench or channel for drainpipes or wiring


foil

(architecture) A small arc in the tracery of a window, etc.


pocket

→ Japanese: ポケット

→ Welsh: poced

From Middle English pocket (“bag, sack”), from Anglo-Norman poket, Old Northern French poquet, poquete, diminutive of poque, poke (“bag, sack”) (compare modern Norman pouquette and modern French pochette from Old French pochete, from puche), from Frankish *pokā (“pouch”), from Proto-Germanic *pukkô, *pukô (“bag; pouch”), from Proto-Indo-European *bew- (“to blow, swell”). Doublet of pochette. Cognate with Middle Dutch poke, Alemannic German Pfoch (“purse, bag”), Old English pocca, pohha (“poke, pouch, pocket, bag”), Old Norse poki (“bag, pocket”). Compare the related poke (“sack or bag”). See also Modern French pochette and Latin bucca. Equivalent to pouch + -et.

der

is that a gun in your pocket or are you just pleased to see me

(architecture) A hole or space covered by a movable piece of board, as in a floor, boxing, partitions, etc.


spur

From Middle English spure, spore, from Old English spora, spura, from Proto-West Germanic *spurō, from Proto-Germanic *spurô, from Proto-Indo-European *sperH- (“to kick”).

(architecture) The short wooden buttress of a post.

(architecture) A projection from the round base of a column, occupying the angle of a square plinth upon which the base rests, or bringing the bottom bed of the base to a nearly square form. It is generally carved in leafage.

Eckblatt

architecture: projection from the round base of a column


cruck

Perhaps from a dialectal variant of crutch or crook.

1952: To construct such a house, it is necessary to select an oak with a branch growing out at an angle of about 45°; the upper part of the tree, above the fork, having been cut off, the trunk and branch are roughly squared and divided in half . If the two halves are then placed opposite one another, with the branch ends pegged together, they constitute what was usually known as a 'cruck' or, more correctly, 'a pair of crucks'. — L.F. Salzman, Building in England, p. 195.

Historic England explained the listing: "The station's unique design employs a high level of sophistication and innovation through its use of conoid shells supported on a cruck-like frame, which not only create a dramatic aesthetic form, but endow the building with a light and spacious interior."

2023 March 22, Philip Haigh, “Five configuration stages to boost Manchester rail capacity”, in RAIL, number 979, page 31:

(architecture) A sturdy timber with a curve or angle used for primary framing of a timber house, usually used in pairs.


dogleg

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-dogleg.wav

The noun is derived from dog + leg, referring to the shape of the hind leg of a dog. The verb is derived from the noun.

colzada

something with a sharp bend or turn in it

(also attributively) Something (such as a canyon or road) with a sharp bend or turn in it.

(architecture) A configuration of stairs where a flight ascends to a half-landing before turning 180 degrees and continuing upwards.


banderole

banderoles (plural)
bandrol (alternative)
bannerall (alternative)
bannerol (alternative)
bannerole (alternative)

(architecture) A flat band with an inscription, common in Renaissance buildings.


pylon

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek πυλών (pulṓn, “gateway”).

стълб

a towerlike structure used to support high-voltage electricity cables

(architecture) A tall steel or concrete tower from which cables are strung.


model

desc

→ Cantonese: 模特兒 /模特儿 (mou⁴ dak⁶ ji⁴), 摩度

→ Cebuano: model

→ German: Model

→ Japanese: モデル

→ Korean: 모델 (model)

→ Mandarin: 模特兒 /模特儿, 麻豆 (neologism)

→ Swahili: modeli

→ Welsh: model

From Middle French modelle, from Old Italian modello, from Vulgar Latin *modellus, diminutive form of modulus (“measure, standard”), diminutive of modus (“measure”); see mode, and compare module, modulus, mould, mold.

عارض أزياء

ʕāriḍ ʔazyāʔ

software architecture
software architecture

(software architecture) In software applications using the model-view-controller design pattern, the part or parts of the application that manage the data.


principal

en-noun

principal (countable and uncountable, plural principals)

principals (plural)
principall (alternative)

From Middle English principal, from Old French principal, from Latin prīncipālis.

Principal (education)
Principal value
principal

(architecture, engineering) The construction that gives shape and strength to a roof, generally a truss of timber or iron; or, loosely, the most important member of a piece of framing.

kurkihirsi

architecture: construction that gives shape and strength to a roof


return

return (countable and uncountable, plural returns)

returns (plural)
returne (alternative)
retvrn (alternative)

From Middle English returnen, retornen, from Anglo-Norman returner, from Old French retourner, retorner, from Medieval Latin retornare (“to turn back”), from re- + tornare (“to turn”). Compare beturn.

der

A facade of sixty feet east and west has a return of twenty feet north and south.

(architecture) The continuation in a different direction, most often at a right angle, of a building, face of a building, or any member, such as a moulding; applied to the shorter in contradistinction to the longer.


panel

From Middle English panel (“piece of cloth, saddle pad, pane of glass, piece of ice, part, division, jury list, jury members”), from Anglo-Norman panel, panelle (“piece of cloth, saddle cushion”), from Vulgar Latin *pannellus, diminutive of Latin pannus (“cloth, rag, garment”), from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂n- (“fabric”). Cognate with Old English fana (“a piece of cloth, patch, banner, flag, vane”). Doublet of vane.

cog

A (usually) rectangular section of a surface, or of a covering or of a wall, fence etc.

(architecture) A sunken compartment with raised margins, moulded or otherwise, as in ceilings, wainscotings, etc.


rampant

en-adj

rampant (comparative more rampant, superlative most rampant)

more rampant (comparative)
most rampant (superlative)
rampaunt (alternative)

From Middle English rampand, rampend, present participle of rampen (“to rise by climbing, shoot up, sprout, sty, ascend”), from Old French ramper (“to creep, climb”) (see below), equivalent to ramp + -and or ramp + -ant. Recorded since 1382, "standing on the hind legs" (as in heraldry), later, "fierce, ravenous" (1387). Compare Scots rampand (“rampant”).
Alternatively from Middle English *rampant, from Old French rampant, the present participle of ramper (“to creep, climb”), equivalent to ramp + -ant. Old French ramper derives from Frankish *rampōn, *hrampōn (“to hook, grapple, climb”), from *rampa, *hrampa (“hook, claw, talon”), from Proto-Germanic *hrempaną (“to curve, shrivel, shrink, wrinkle”).

der

(architecture) Tilted, said of an arch with one side higher than the other, or a vault whose two abutments are located on an inclined plane.


balloon

→ Assamese: বেলুন (belun)

→ Bengali: বেলুন (belun)

→ Japanese: バルーン (barūn)

→ Maori: parūnu

→ Welsh: balŵn

→ Zulu: ibhaloni

1570, "a game played with a large, inflated leather ball" (possibly via Middle French ballon) from Italian pallone (“large ball”) from palla (“ball”), from Lombardic *palla. The Northern Italian form, balla (“ball-shaped bundle”), today a doublet, likely derived from Old French balle, from Frankish *balla (“ball”), and may have influenced the spelling of this word. Both Germanic words are from Proto-Germanic *ballô (“ball”), *balluz, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰoln- (“bubble”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰel- (“to blow, swell, inflate”). Akin to Old High German ballo, bal (“ball”), (German Ballen (“bale”); Ball "ball"). Doublet of ballon. More at ball.

the balloon of St. Paul’s Cathedral in London

(architecture) A ball or globe on the top of a pillar, church, etc.

pallo

architecture: ball or globe on the top of a pillar etc.


gorge

From Middle English gorge (“esophagus, gullet; throat; bird's crop; food in a hawk's crop; food or drink that has been eaten”), a borrowing from Old French gorge (“throat”) (modern French gorge (“throat; breast”)), from Vulgar Latin *gorga, *gurga, from Latin gurges (“eddy, whirlpool; gulf; sea”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *gʷerh₃- (“to devour, swallow; to eat”). The English word is cognate with Galician gorxa (“throat”), Italian gorga, gorgia (“gorge, ravine; (obsolete) throat”), Occitan gorga, gorja, Portuguese gorja (“gullet, throat; gorge”), Spanish gorja (“gullet, throat; gorge”). Doublet of gour.

cog

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-gorge.wav

GORGE, Gula, in architecture, the narroweſt part of Tuſcan and Doric capitals, lying between the aſtragal, above the ſhaft of the pillar and the annulets. […] It is alſo uſed for a concave moulding, larger, but not ſo deep as a ſcotia, which ſerves for compartments, &c.

[1764, Temple Henry Croker, Thomas Williams, Samuel Clark [et al.], “GORGE”, in The Complete Dictionary of Arts and Sciences. …, volume I, London: Printed for the authors, and sold by J. Wilson & J. Fell, […]; J. Fletcher & Co., […]; J. Coote, […]; Cambridge: Mess. Fletcher & Hodson; Dublin: W. Smith & Co., →OCLC, column 1:

(architecture) A concave moulding; a cavetto.

Half Moon. An Outwork conſiſting of two Faces, which makes an Angle Salient, the Gorge whereof bends in like a Bow, or Creſcent, and were formerly us'd to cover the Point of a Baſtion, which diſtinguiſhes them from Ravelins, always plac'd before the Curtin; […]

1745, “Half Moon”, in An Introduction to the Art of Fortification. […], London: Printed for and sold by John Brindley, […], →OCLC, column 1:

Ramps lead from the gorges of the bastions down to these outlets into the main ditch. […] To keep open the communication between the bastions, a gallery between their gorges is made along the curtain wall.

1874, D[ennis] H[art] Mahan, “Modifications Proposed in the Bastioned System”, in J. B. Wheeler, editor, An Elementary Course of Permanent Fortification, for the Use of the Cadets of the U.S. Military Academy, revised edition, New York, N.Y.: John Wiley & Son, […], →OCLC, paragraph 236, page 127:

Construction on this massive fort was never completed. […] Only the foundations and a few tiers of stone were completed on the two gorge walls and the gorge bastion. At this point, a significant modification in design was made. […] In this way, the gorge of the fort was closed at minimum expense.

2018 June, John R. Weaver II, “New York City”, in A Legacy in Brick and Stone: American Coastal Defense Forts of the Third System, 1816–1867, 2nd edition, McLean, Va.: Redoubt Press, McGovern Publishing, →ISBN, page 164, column 1:

(architecture, military, fortification) The rearward side of an outwork, a bastion, or a fort, often open, or not protected against artillery; a narrow entry passage into the outwork of an enclosed fortification.


lysis

From Latin lysis, from Ancient Greek λύσις (lúsis, “a loosening”). Compare -lysis.

der

(architecture) A plinth or step above the cornice of the podium in an ancient temple.


invert

(architecture) An inverted arch (as in a sewer).


apse

From Latin apsis, hapsis, from Ancient Greek ἁψίς (hapsís, “arch, vault”), from ἅπτω (háptō, “I bind, join”).

The draughtsman could not have held the sheet with the apse at the tip, for then, instead of shading away from the edge, most of his hatched lines would begin in the uncharted middle ground of a shadeable area, to strike against the contour; […]

1960, Leo Steinberg, San Carlo Alle Quattro Fontane: A Study in Multiple Form and Architectural Symbolism:

(architecture) A semicircular projection from a building, especially the rounded east end of a church that contains the altar.


atrium

From Latin ātrium (“entry hall”), from Etruscan.

(architecture) A central room or space in ancient Roman homes, open to the sky in the middle; a similar space in other buildings.

(architecture) A square hall lit by daylight from above, into which rooms open at one or more levels.


camber

From Old French cambre (“bent”), from Latin camurum, from camur (“arched”).

(architecture) An upward concavity in the underside of a beam, girder, or lintel; also, a slight upward concavity in a straight arch.


corona

en-noun

corona (plural coronas or coronae or (obsolete) coronæ)

coronas (plural)
coronae (plural)
coronæ (obsolete plural)

→ Japanese: コロナ (korona)

The noun is borrowed from Latin corōna (“crown; garland, wreath”), from Ancient Greek κορώνη (korṓnē, “type of crown; curved object (door handle, tip of a bow, stern of a ship, etc.)”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”). The English word is a doublet of crown, korona, koruna, krona, króna, and krone.
The plural form coronae is borrowed from Latin corōnae.
The verb is derived from the noun.

laki

upper or crownlike portion of certain parts of the body

kruunu

appendage of an organism that resembles a crown or corona

Though somewhat verbose, the author is specific in his instruction that the S-shaped crown molding, the cymarecta, caps the top of the pediment and is not returned on the horizontal corona.

2018, John Milnes Baker, “Georgian 1715–1780”, in American House Styles: A Concise Guide, The Countryman Press, W[illiam] W[arder] Norton & Company, →ISBN, page 39:

(architecture) The large, flat, projecting member of a cornice which crowns the entablature, situated above the bed moulding and below the cymatium.


cove

From Middle English cove, from Old English cofa (“chamber; den”), from Proto-West Germanic *kobō, from Proto-Germanic *kubô. Cognate with German Koben, Swedish kova. This word has probably survived as long as it has due to its coincidental phonetic resemblance to the unrelated word English cave. Also unrelated to Spanish cueva, which itself is a cognate of cave.

(architecture) A concave vault or archway, especially the arch of a ceiling.


cove

en-verb

cove (third-person singular simple present coves, present participle coving, simple past and past participle coved)

coves (present singular third-person)
coving (participle present)
coved (participle past)
coved (past)

The mosques and other buildings of the Arabians are rounded into domes and coved roofs.

1779, Henry Swinburne, Travels through Spain:

(architecture) To arch over; to build in a hollow concave form; to make in the form of a cove.


cusp

From Latin cuspis (“a point, spear, pointed end”); first used in astrology. Doublet of cuspid and cuspis.

bor

(architecture) A point made by the intersection of two curved lines or curved structures, a common motif in Gothic architecture.


finial

From Late Middle English finial (“(adjective) final; (noun) ornament at the upper extremity of a pinnacle, spire, etc.”) [and other forms], a variant of final (“pertaining to the close or end of something, last, final”), from Old French final (“last, final; definitive”) (modern French final), from Latin fīnālis (“of or pertaining to the end of something, final; of or pertaining to boundaries”), from fīnis (“a border; an end”) (possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeyd- (“to split”) or *dʰeygʷ- (“to set up; to stick”)) + -ālis (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining’ to forming adjectives).

nb...

finiall, fynial, fyniall, fynyal, fynyall

der

His [Butades'] invention it vvas to ſet up Gargils or Antiques at the top of a Gavill end, as a finiall to the creſt tiles, vvhich in the beginning he called Protypa.

1601, C[aius] Plinius Secundus [i.e., Pliny the Elder], “[Book XXXV.] The First Devisers of the Art of Potterie, and in Working in Cley. Of Images Made of Earth. Of Earthen Vessels, and Their Value in Old Time.”, in Philemon Holland, transl., The Historie of the World. Commonly Called, The Naturall Historie of C. Plinius Secundus. […], 2nd tome, London: […] Adam Islip, →OCLC, page 552:

From this fair Palace then he takes his Front, / From that his Finials; […] / And ſo, ſelecting euery vvhere the beſt, / Doth thirty Models in one Houſe digeſt.

1608, [Guillaume de Salluste] Du Bartas, “[Du Bartas His First VVeek, or Birth of the VVorld: […].] The First Daie of the First VVeek.”, in Josuah Sylvester, transl., Du Bartas His Deuine Weekes and Workes […], 3rd edition, London: […] Humfrey Lownes [and are to be sold by Arthur Iohnson […]], published 1611, →OCLC, page 7:

[O]f that money vvhich aroſe of their amercements, vvere certain gilded ſhields made, vvhich vvere ſet up on the finial or lantern of Jupiters Temple.

1659, T[itus] Livius [i.e., Livy], “[Book XXXV]”, in Philemon Holland, transl., The Romane Historie […], London: […] W. Hunt, for George Sawbridge, […], →OCLC, page 716:

Truth uncompromisingly told will always have its ragged edges; hence the conclusion of such a narration is apt to be less finished than an architectural finial.

1888–1891, Herman Melville, “[Billy Budd, Foretopman.] Chapter XXIV.”, in Billy Budd and Other Stories, London: John Lehmann, published 1951, →OCLC, page 300:

The steep slate roofs were topped with bronze finials so tall and fanciful they looked like drops of liquid sliding down a thread.

2004, Alan Hollinghurst, chapter 3, in The Line of Beauty […], London: Picador, →ISBN, page 54:

(architecture) Especially in Gothic architecture: an ornament, often in the form of a bunch or knot of foliage, on the peak of the gable of a roof, a pediment, a pinnacle, etc.

фія́л

ornament, often in the form of a bunch or knot of foliage, on the peak of the gable of a roof, etc.


joggle

From jog (noun) + -le (diminutive ending).

(architecture) A notch or tooth in the joining surface of any piece of building material to prevent slipping.


joggle

en-verb

joggle (third-person singular simple present joggles, present participle joggling, simple past and past participle joggled)

joggles (present singular third-person)
joggling (participle present)
joggled (participle past)
joggled (past)

The struts of a roof are joggled into the truss posts.

1842, Joseph Gwilt, Encyclopaedia of Architecture:

(architecture, transitive) To join by means of joggles, so as to prevent sliding apart; sometimes, loosely, to dowel.


lavabo

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-lavabo.wav

From the Christian ritual, which was traditionally accompanied in Catholicism by a recitation of Psalm 25:6 (Psalm 26:6, in the Hebrew and in most modern translations) which in Latin begins with the word lavābō (“I will wash”). The sense of "room with a toilet" developed under the influence of lavatory and lav.

(architecture) A trough used for washing at some medieval monasteries.


nave

Ultimately from Latin nāvem, singular accusative of nāvis, possibly via a Romance source. Doublet of nef and nau.

Then everybody once more knelt, and soon the blessing was pronounced. The choir and the clergy trooped out slowly, […], down the nave to the western door. […] At a seemingly immense distance the surpliced group stopped to say the last prayer.

(architecture) The middle or body of a church, extending from the transepts to the principal entrances.

(architecture) The ground-level middle cavity of a barn.


newel

From Anglo-Norman nuel, Middle French nuel, of uncertain origin.

(architecture) A central pillar around which a staircase spirals.

We went along the hall to the end and up a flight of stairs with a carved handrail and newel post.

1943, Raymond Chandler, The High Window, Penguin, published 2005, page 238:

(architecture) A sturdy pillar at the top or bottom of a flight of stairs, supporting the handrail.


sima

From the Ancient Greek σιμός (simós, “bent upwards”).

der

(architecture) The upturned edge of a roof which acts as a gutter; a cyma.


soffit

From French soffite, from Italian soffitto, from Vulgar Latin *suffīctus, perfect passive participle of Latin suffīgō (“to fasten or fix onto”).

From 1945 onwards, deterioration in the condition of the brickwork in the arch soffits was kept under close observation, and in 1951 it was decided that strengthening must be undertaken.

1954 January, “Strengthening of Coquet Viaduct”, in Railway Magazine, page 18:

If the soffit is to be sloping, simply attach the soffit board(s) to the underside of the rafters, butting the edges tight against the fascia board in front and the barn siding in the back.

1983, Monte Burch, Building Small Barns, Sheds & Shelters, page 110:

A soffit is the underside of any part of a building's structure. Most people know about the soffit boards below their fascia boards (which cap off the ends of a roof's rafters). But if you walk through a brick-built tunnel and glance upwards, for example, you will be looking at the soffit of the arch.

2014 September 11, Jeff Howell, “Home improvements: The dangers of abestos roofs [print version: Where can I find help – at the double?, 6 September 2014, p. P13]”, in The Daily Telegraph (Property):

(architecture) The visible underside of an arch, balcony, beam, cornice, staircase, vault or any other architectural element.


talus

(architecture) The slope of an embankment wall, which is thicker at the bottom than at the top.


withe

From Middle English withe, withthe, from Old English wiþe, wiþþe (“cord, band, thong, fetter”), from Proto-Germanic *wiþiz, *wiþjǭ (“cord, rope”), from Proto-Indo-European *wéh₁itis (“that which twines”), from *weyt- (“that which winds or bends, branch, switch”), from Proto-Indo-European *wey- (“to turn, wind, bend”). Cognate with Danish vidje (“wicker”), Swedish vidja (“withe, wicker, osier”), Icelandic við, viðja (“a withe”), Latin vītis (“vine”), Russian ветвь (vetvʹ, “branch, bough, limb”). Doublet of vice (“a type of tool, etc.”). The brickwork and chimney architecture senses may have a different etymology, see wythe.

doublet

... chimney space, and the joints of any two adjoining sets of flue linings shall be offset at least 7 inches. When there are more than two flues in a chimney, each third flue shall be separated from the others by a withe or division[…]

1920, National Board of Fire Underwriters. Committee on Construction of Buildings, An ordinance for construction of chimneys suitable for use in cities and towns of any size or as a state law, page 5:

... flue intended for a heating furnace or boiler connection, or for a fireplace, shall be separated from other flues by such a withe. In hollow tile chimneys the withe may be of tile.

1922, Heating, Ventilating, Air Conditioning Guide, page 40:

... flues should be separated by a 4-inch-wide brick spacer (withe) between them (fig. 170, A). The greater the difference in temperature between chimney gases and outside atmosphere, the better the draft.

2002, L. O. Anderson, Wood - Frame House Construction, The Minerva Group, Inc., →ISBN, page 182:

(architecture) Alternative spelling of wythe (“partition between flues in a chimney”)


oblique arch

(architecture) An arch whose span is not at right angles to the face.


cavalier

First appears c. 1562 in a translation by Peter Whitehorne. Borrowed from Middle French cavalier (“horseman”), itself borrowed from Old Italian cavaliere (“mounted soldier, knight”), borrowed from Old Occitan cavalier, from Late Latin caballārius (“horseman”), from Latin caballus (“horse”), probably from Gaulish caballos 'nag', variant of cabillos (compare Welsh ceffyl, Breton kefel, Irish capall), akin to German (Swabish) Kōb 'nag' and Old Church Slavonic кобꙑла (kobyla) 'mare'. Previous English forms include cavalero and cavaliero. Doublet of caballero and chevalier.

der

(architecture) A defensive work rising from a bastion, etc., and overlooking the surrounding area.


champ

Borrowed from French champ m (“field”). Doublet of campus and camp.

(architecture, obsolete or rare) The field or ground on which carving appears in relief.


chimera

chimeras (plural)
chimaera (alternative)
chimæra (alternative)
chimere (alternative)
chymera (alternative)
chemera (alternative)
chymæra (alternative)

monolith

antonym(s) of “anything composed of very disparate parts”

Variant of Middle English chimere, chymere, & chymera under renewed Latin influence from the 16th century, from French chimère, from Latin Chimaera, from Ancient Greek Χίμαιρα (Khímaira, “fire-breathing mythological monster, fire-spewing Lycian or Cilician mountain”), from χίμαιρα (khímaira, “she-goat”, from χίμαρος (khímaros, “male goat”) + -α (-a)), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰey-. In reference to the fish, directly from Latin Chimaera, used by Linnaeus. In reference to organisms with distinct areas of different genetic makeups, a calque of German Chimäre, used by Hans Winkler in 1907.

af

A chimera is essentially a hybrid animal made up of various animal parts. The famous parapet chimeras on the north tower of Notre Dame in Paris, especially the brooding double-horned fellow with protruding tongue on the west parapet originally assumed to relate to a thirteenth-century model, are classic examples.

2016, Thomas A. Fudgé, “Gargoyles and Glimpses of Forgotten Worlds”, in Medieval Religion and Its Anxieties: History and Mystery in the Other Middle Ages (The New Middle Ages), New York, N.Y.: Palgrave Macmillan, →DOI, →ISBN, page 91:

(architecture) A grotesque like a gargoyle, but without a spout for rainwater.


drift

en-noun

drift (countable and uncountable, plural drifts)

From Middle English drift, dryft (“act of driving, drove, shower of rain or snow, impulse”), from Old English *drift (“drift”), from Proto-Germanic *driftiz (“drift”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰreybʰ- (“to drive, push”). Equivalent to drive + -t; cognate with North Frisian drift (“drift”), Saterland Frisian Drift (“current, flow, stream, drift”), Dutch drift (“drift, passion, urge”), German Drift (“drift”) and Trift (“drove, pasture”), Danish drift (“impulse, instinct”), Swedish drift (“impulse, instinct”), Icelandic drift (“drift, snow-drift”).

cog

(architecture) The horizontal thrust or pressure of an arch or vault upon the abutments.


elevation

en-noun

elevation (countable and uncountable, plural elevations)

/ˌɛlɪˈveɪʃən/

From Old French elevation, from Latin elevatio, equal to elevate + -ion.

(architecture) A geometrical projection of a building, or other object, on a plane perpendicular to the horizon; orthographic projection on a vertical plane; called by the ancients the orthography.


fascia

Borrowed from Latin fascia (“a band, bandage, swathe”). Related to fascēs (“bundle of rods containing an axe with the blade projecting”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰask- (“bundle, band”). Cognate with fajita, fess, and fascism.

der

(architecture) A wide band of material covering the ends of roof rafters, sometimes supporting a gutter in steep-slope roofing, but typically it is a border or trim in low-slope roofing.

корниз

(architecture) A flat band or broad fillet; especially, one of the three bands that make up the architrave, in the Ionic order.

palkki

architecture: one of the three bands which make up the architrave


foundation

en-noun

foundation (countable and uncountable, plural foundations)

From Middle English foundacioun, fundacioun, from Old French fondacion, from Latin fundātiō (“founding, foundation”).

The foundations of this construction have been laid out.

“Marge Gets A Job” opens with the foundation of the Simpson house tilting perilously to one side, making the family homestead look like the suburban equivalent of the Leaning Tower Of Pisa.

2012 May 20, Nathan Rabin, “TV: Review: THE SIMPSONS (CLASSIC): “Marge Gets A Job” (season 4, episode 7; originally aired 11/05/1992)”, in The Onion AV Club:

(architecture) The lowest and supporting part or member of a wall, including the base course and footing courses; in a frame house, the whole substructure of masonry.


frieze

From French and Middle French frise f, derived from an Upper Italian fris f, Medieval Latin frisum, frisium, frigium, frixum, frigium, of controversial origin, possibly from multiple sources, Arabic إِفْرِيز (ʔifrīz, “king beam, cornice”) and Latin opus Phrygium (“a kind of embroidery”, literally “work of Phrygia”), the demonym Frisian and terms related to the textile term above in a transferred sense.

der

work of <i class="Latn mention" lang="la">Phrygia</i>

(architecture) That part of the entablature of an order which is between the architrave and cornice. It is a flat member or face, either uniform or broken by triglyphs, and often enriched with figures and other ornaments of sculpture.

frizë

architecture: space between architrave and cornice


frieze

en-verb

frieze (third-person singular simple present friezes, present participle friezing, simple past and past participle friezed)

friezes (present singular third-person)
friezing (participle present)
friezed (participle past)
friezed (past)

(transitive, architecture) To put a frieze on.


gather

gather (third-person singular simple present gathers, present participle gathering, simple past and past participle gathered)

gathers (present singular third-person)
gathering (participle present)
gathered (participle past)
gathered (past)
gether (alternative)

From Middle English gaderen, from Old English gaderian (“to gather, assemble”), from Proto-West Germanic *gadurōn (“to bring together, unite, gather”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰedʰ- (“to unite, assemble, keep”).

der

(architecture) To bring together, or nearer together, in masonry, as for example where the width of a fireplace is rapidly diminished to the width of the flue.

assemble

(to bring together): aggroup, togetherize; see also Thesaurus:round up; —to congregate


couple

From Middle English couple, from Old French couple, from Latin cōpula. Doublet of copula.


folly

en-noun

folly (countable and uncountable, plural follies)

Derived from Old French folie (“madness”), from the adjective fol (“mad, insane”).

der+

A luncheonette in the shape of a coffee cup is particularly conspicuous, as is intended of an architectural duck or folly.

“The Villa Straylight,” said a jeweled thing on the pedestal, in a voice like music, “is a body grown in upon itself, a Gothic folly. […]”

1984, William Gibson, chapter 14, in Neuromancer (Sprawl; book 1), New York, N.Y.: Ace Books, →ISBN, page 172:

It has been a long time since new follies were springing up across the great estates of Britain. But the owners of Doddington Hall, in Lincolnshire, have brought the folly into the 21st century, by building a 30ft pyramid in the grounds of the Elizabethan manor.

2014 September 7, “Doddington's garden pyramid is a folly good show”, in The Daily Telegraph, London:

A great deal of eccentricity was expressed through the trend for ruin follies. But it wasn’t only the madness of paranoid earls and fashionable landowners that was encoded in them.

2018 April 18, Paul Cooper, “Europe Was Once Obsessed With Fake Dilapidated Buildings”, in The Atlantic:

(architecture) A fanciful building built for purely ornamental reasons.


ledge

From Middle English legge; usually considered to be from Middle English leggen, a variant of leyen (“to put, lay (down, waste to)”).

(architecture) A (door or window) lintel.


meander

From Latin Maeander, from Ancient Greek Μαίανδρος (Maíandros) – a river in Asia Minor (present day Turkey) known for its winding course (modern Turkish Menderes).

(architecture) A decorative border consisting of a repeated linear motif, particularly of intersecting perpendicular lines.


motive

From Middle English motif, from Anglo-Norman motif, Middle French motif, and their source, Late Latin motivum (“motive, moving cause”), neuter of motivus.

der

If you listen carefully, you can hear the flutes mimicking the cello motive.

(architecture, fine arts, music) Alternative form of motif


porch

non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger

From Middle English porche, from Old French, from Latin porticus (“portico”). Doublet of portego, portico, and porticus.

doublet

He sat on his porch, waiting for his friend to come over.

But Miss Thorn relieved the situation by laughing aloud,[…]. We began to tell her about Mohair and the cotillon, and of our point of observation from the Florentine galleried porch, and she insisted she would join us there.

1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter V, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:

(architecture) A covered entrance to a building, whether taken from the interior, and forming a sort of vestibule within the main wall, or projecting without and with a separate roof. A porch often has chair(s), table(s) and swings.

verandë

a covered and enclosed entrance to a building


rosette

Etymology tree
Proto-Iranian *wardahder.?
Ancient Greek ῥόδον (rhódon)bor.?
Latin rosalbor.
Old French rose
Latin -ittus
Old French -ete
Old French rosete
Middle French rosettebor.
Middle French rosette
French rosetteinflu.
English rosette
Borrowed from Middle French rosette (in sense 15) and (modern) French rosette.

etymon

(architecture) A rose-shaped design or ornament, mostly decorative.


setback

Setbacks were initially used for structural reasons, but now are often mandated by land use codes.

(architecture) A step-like recession in a wall.


shell

From Middle English schelle, from Old English sċiell, from Proto-West Germanic *skallju, from Proto-Germanic *skaljō, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kelH- (“to split, cleave”).
Compare West Frisian skyl (“peel, rind”), Dutch schil (“peel, skin, rink”), Low German Schell (“shell, scale”), Irish scelec (“pebble”), Old Church Slavonic сколика (skolika, “shell”). More at shale.
Doublet of sheal.
* (computing): From being viewed as an outer layer of interface between the user and the operating-system internals.

cog

(architecture) Any slight hollow structure; a framework, or exterior structure, regarded as not complete or filled in, as the shell of a house.

buc

any hollow structure; framework, or exterior structure


span

From Middle English spanne, from Old English spann, from Proto-Germanic *spannō (“span, handbreadth”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)pend- (“to stretch”).
Cognate with Dutch span, spanne, German Spanne. The sense “pair of horses” is probably from Old English ġespan, ġespann (“a joining; a fastening together; clasp; yoke”), from Proto-West Germanic [Term?]. Cognate with Dutch gespan, German Gespann.

der

The force of the explosion demolished one pair of piers and two spans of the bridge crashed down into the river on top of the barges.

1961 January, “Talking of Trains: The Severn Bridge disaster”, in Trains Illustrated, page 5:

(architecture, construction) The spread or extent of an arch or between its abutments, or of a beam, girder, truss, roof, bridge, or the like, between supports.

(architecture, construction) The length of a cable, wire, rope, chain between two consecutive supports.


spandrel

spandrels (plural)
spandril (alternative)

From a diminutive in -el of Anglo-Norman spaundre, of uncertain origin, perhaps from Old French espandre (“to expand, extend, spread”). More at spawn, expand.
In the field of biology first used by Stephen Jay Gould and Richard Lewontin.

Usual practice then builds a wall above each curved end of the arch, known as a spandrel, which directly joins the bridge's sidewalls. […] With sidewalls and spandrels in place, you can fill the space between them with material up to the height of the bridge deck, and then place the road or railway on top.

2023 May 3, Philip Haigh, “The art and science of building bridges”, in RAIL, number 982, page 40:

Coordinate term: pendentive

(architecture) The space (often more or less triangular) between the outer curve of an arch (the extrados) and a straight-sided figure that bounds it; the space between two contiguous arches and a straight feature above them.

zwik

space between an arch and another object

2002, Kerstin Lang, Seismic Vulnerability of Existing Buildings, vdf Hochschulverlag AG, page 25,
Due to the fact that the walls are joined by floors and spandrels, a coupling effect is produced. Depending on the extent of the spandrels, this coupling effect will be bigger or smaller.

(architecture) Horizontal member between the windows of successive storeys of a tall building.

(architecture) The triangular space under a stair; the material that fills the space.

(Philippines, construction, architecture) soffit (usually used to describe metal or corrugated plastic types of roof soffit)


spire

From Middle English spire, spyre, spier, spir, from Old English spīr, from Proto-Germanic *spīrō, *spīrǭ (“peak; point; tip; stalk”). Cognate with Dutch spier, German Low German Spier, German Spier, Spiere, Danish spir, Norwegian spir and spire, Swedish spira, Icelandic spíra.

The spire of the church rose high above the town.

(architecture) A tapering structure built on a roof or tower, especially as one of the central architectural features of a church or cathedral roof.


splay

en-verb

splay (third-person singular simple present splays, present participle splaying, simple past and past participle splayed)

splays (present singular third-person)
splaying (participle present)
splayed (participle past)
splayed (past)

PIE word
 *dwís
The verb is derived from Middle English splaien, splayen (“to display; to spread out, unfurl (a flag, etc.); (cooking) to cut open (a fish) lengthwise and lay it open; (figurative) to appear; to spread”), an aphetic form of Middle English displaien, displayen (“to display”): see display.
The adjective and adverb are derived from the verb, or from splayfoot (noun) or splayfooted (adjective). The noun is derived from the verb.

When entrance and egress [through a door] are constant, it may be supposed that the valves will be absent or unfastened,—that people will be passing more quickly than when the entrance and egress are unfrequent, and that the square angles of the wall will be inconvenient to such quick passers through. […] [T]hese angles, which would be worn away by friction, should at once be bevelled off, or, as it is called, splayed, and the most contracted part of the aperture made as short as possible, […]

1851, John Ruskin, “Form of Aperture”, in The Stones of Venice, volume I (The Foundations), London: Smith, Elder, and Co., […], →OCLC, § IV, page 170:

(chiefly architecture) To construct a bevel or slope on (something, such as the frame or jamb of a door or window); to bevel, to slant, to slope.


splay

The daylight was so lowered by the impervious roof of cloud overhead that it scarcely reached further into Lord Mountclere's entrance-hall than to the splays of the windows, even but an hour or two after midday; […]

1876, Thomas Hardy, “Lychworth Court”, in The Hand of Ethelberta: A Comedy in Chapters […], volume II, London: Smith, Elder, & Co., […], →OCLC, page 141:

A bevel, slant, or slope, especially of the frame or jamb of a door or window, by which an opening is made larger at one face of the wall than at the other, or larger at each of the faces than it is between them.

отко́с

bevel, slant, or slope, especially of the frame or jamb of a door or window; The amount of such a bevel, slant, or slope — see also bevel, slant, slope

The amount of such a bevel, slant, or slope.


vignette

First attested in 1751. From French vignette, diminutive of vigne (“vine”), from Latin vīnea, from vīnum (“wine”). Replaced earlier Middle English vynet.

(architecture) A running ornament consisting of leaves and tendrils, used in Gothic architecture.

винетка

running ornament used in Gothic architecture


jalousie

/ˈd͡ʒæləsiː/

Borrowed from French jalousie. Doublet of jealousy.

(naval architecture) A component in a ventilation system.


caisson

Borrowed from French caisson. Doublet of cassone and cajón.


supercilium

Borrowed from Latin supercilium (“eyebrow; brow, ridge; pride, arrogance”).

bor

(architecture, classical) The narrow fillet above the cymatium of a cornice.

A fillet above and below the scotia of an Attic base.

The lintel or transverse part of a door frame.


saddlebag

saddlebags (plural)
saddle bag (alternative)
saddle-bag (alternative)

/ˈsædəlˌbæɡ/

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-saddlebag.wav

(architecture) A style of house with two rooms separated by a small hall and open space.


pedestal

From Middle French piédestal from Italian piedistallo (literally “foot stand”).

uder

(architecture) The base or foot of a column, statue, vase, lamp.

voetstuk

the base or foot of a column, statue, vase, lamp, or the like


module

Borrowed from French module, from Latin modulus (“a small measure, a measure, mode, meter”), diminutive of modus (“measure”) (whence mode). Doublet of modulus and mold.

der

(architecture) A standard unit of measure used for determining the proportions of a building.

moduulimitta

architecture: standard unit of measure for determining the proportions of a building


fillet

From Middle English filet, vylette, felet, filette, flette, from Old French filet, diminutive of fil (“thread”), from Latin fīlum (“thread”).

(architecture) A thin featureless moulding/molding used as separation between broader decorative mouldings.

(architecture) The space between two flutings in a shaft.

harjanne

architecture: space between two flutings


dome

Borrowed from Middle French dome, domme (modern French dôme), from Italian duomo, from Latin domus (ecclesiae) (literally “house (of the church)”), a calque of Ancient Greek οἶκος τῆς ἐκκλησίας (oîkos tês ekklēsías). Doublet of domus and duomo.

cal

οἶκος τῆς ἐκκλησίας

geodesic dome

(architecture) A structural element resembling the hollow upper half of a sphere.


tidewater

en-noun

tidewater (countable and uncountable, plural tidewaters)

tidewaters (plural)
tide water (alternative)

(attributive, uncommon, architecture) A structure or house with large wraparound porches and hip roofs designed for wet and hot climates.


enfilade

(architecture) A series of doors that provide a vista when open.


enfilade

en-verb

enfilade (third-person singular simple present enfilades, present participle enfilading, simple past and past participle enfiladed)

enfilades (present singular third-person)
enfilading (participle present)
enfiladed (participle past)
enfiladed (past)

[…] the house had been boldly planned with a ball-room, so that, instead of squeezing through a narrow passage to get to it (as at the Chiverses’) one marched solemnly down a vista of enfiladed drawing-rooms (the sea-green, the crimson and the bouton d’or), seeing from afar the many-candled lustres reflected in the polished parquetry […]

1920, Edith Wharton, The Age of Innocence, Book 1, Chapter 3:

(architecture, transitive) To arrange (rooms or other structures) in a row.


screen

From Middle English scren, screne (“windscreen, firescreen”), from Anglo-Norman escren (“firescreen, the tester of a bed”), Old French escren, escrein, escran (modern French écran (“screen”)), from Middle Dutch scherm, from Old Dutch *skirm, from Proto-West Germanic *skirmi, from Proto-Germanic *skirmiz (“fur, shelter, covering, screen”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to cut, divide”).
Cognate with Dutch scherm (“screen”), German Schirm (“screen”). Doublet of scherm.
An alternative etymology derives Old French escren, escran from Old Dutch *scranc (“barrier”) (compare Middle Dutch schranc, schranke (“palisade, trellis, grid”), German Schrank (“cupboard, cabinet”), German Schranke (“fence”)), from Proto-West Germanic *skrank, from Proto-Germanic *skrankaz.

der

(architecture) A dwarf wall or partition carried up to a certain height for separation and protection, as in a church, to separate the aisle from the choir, etc.


zoccolo

Borrowed from Italian zoccolo. Doublet of socle.


blueprint

blueprints (plural)
blue print (alternative)
blue-print (alternative)

From blue + print. Introduced by Sir John Herschel in 1842.

(architecture, engineering, by extension) A detailed technical drawing (now often in some electronically storable and transmissible form).


basilica

en-noun

basilica (plural basilicas or basilicae)

Borrowed from Latin basilica, from Ancient Greek βᾰσῐλῐκή (băsĭlĭkḗ), from βᾰσῐλῐκὴ στοά (băsĭlĭkḕ stoá, “royal hall”), ultimately from βασιλικός (basilikós, “royal”), from βασιλεύς (basileús, “king, chief”). Doublet of basoche.

(architecture) A Christian church building having a nave with a semicircular apse, side aisles, a narthex and a clerestory.


frontal

From Middle English frountel, from Old French frontel, from Latin frontāle (“a frontlet, metal band for the forehead”).

der

(architecture) The façade of a building.


crenelated molding

en-noun

crenelated molding (plural crenelated moldings)

crenelated moldings (plural)
crenellated moulding (alternative)

(architecture) A kind of indented molding used in Norman buildings.


crenellated moulding

crenellated moulding (plural crenellated mouldings)

crenellated mouldings (plural)
crenelated molding (alternative)

(architecture) A kind of indented moulding used in Norman buildings.


drum

Perhaps back-formation of drumslade (“drummer”), from Middle Dutch trommelslach (“drumbeat”), from trommel (“drum”) + slach (“beat”) (Dutch slag).
Or perhaps borrowed directly from a continental Germanic language; compare Middle Dutch tromme (“drum”), Middle Low German trumme (“drum”) et al. Compare also Middle High German trumme, trumbe (“drum”), Old High German trumba (“trumpet”).

(architecture) The encircling wall that supports a dome or cupola.

(architecture) Any of the cylindrical blocks that make up the shaft of a pillar.


mold

mold (countable and uncountable, plural molds)

From Middle English molde (“mold, cast”), from Old French modle, mole, from Latin modulus, from Latin modus. Doublet of module, modulus, and model.

the arch mold of a porch or doorway;  the pier mold of a Gothic pier, meaning the whole profile, section, or combination of parts


helix

From Latin helix, from Ancient Greek ἕλιξ (hélix, “something twisted or spiral”).

der

(architecture) A small volute under the abacus of a Corinthian capital.


tectonics

Ancient Greek τέκτων (téktōn, “builder”).

(architecture) The science and art of assembling, shaping, or ornamenting materials in construction.


shank

From Middle English schanke, from Old English sċanca (“leg”), from Proto-West Germanic *skankō, from Proto-Germanic *skankô (compare West Frisian skonk, Low German Schanke, German Schenkel (“shank, leg”), Danish skank, Norwegian skank, Swedish skänkel), from *skankaz (compare Old Norse skakkr (“wry, crooked”)), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)keng- (compare Middle Irish scingim (“I spring”), Ancient Greek σκάζω (skázō, “to limp”).

(architecture) The space between two channels of the Doric triglyph.


housing

en-noun

housing (countable and uncountable, plural housings)

From Middle English housynge, housinge, from housen (“to house, shelter; receive into one's house”), equivalent to house + -ing. Cognate with Scots housing (“housing”); compare Dutch huizing, behuizing (“housing”), Low German husing, hüsing (“housing”), German Behausung (“housing”).

(architecture) The space taken out of one solid to admit the insertion of part of another, such as the end of one timber in the side of another.


lintel

From Middle English lyntel, from Old French lintel, from Vulgar Latin *līntellus, for *līmitellus, diminutive noun from līmes. Equivalent to limit + -el.

Athelny had told him that he lived in a house built by Inigo Jones; he had raved, as he raved over everything, over the balustrade of old oak; and when he came down to open the door for Philip he made him at once admire the elegant carving of the lintel.

(architecture) A horizontal structural beam spanning an opening, such as between the uprights of a door or a window, and which supports the wall above.


gula

Learned borrowing from Latin gula (“throat, gullet”).

lbor

(architecture) A capping moulding; a cymatium.


bearing

From Middle English bering, beringe, berynge, equivalent to bear + -ing.

A lintel or beam may have four inches of bearing upon the wall.

(architecture) That part of any member of a building which rests upon its supports.

(architecture) The portion of a support on which anything rests.

The beam has twenty feet of bearing between its supports.

(architecture, proscribed) The unsupported span.


dado

From Italian dado, first attested in 1664.

(architecture) The section of a pedestal above the base.

Like a dado round the room was the jutting line of splendid heavy game-heads, the best of their sort from every quarter of the world, with the rare white rhinoceros of the Lado Enclave drooping its supercilious lip above them all.

1912, Arthur Conan Doyle, The Lost World […], London; New York, N.Y.: Hodder and Stoughton, →OCLC:

Hangings of tapestry were behind the high seats, worked with flowers, snake’s-head, snapdragon, dragon-mouth, and their kind; and on the dado below the windows were sculptures of birds and beasts and creeping things.

1922, E[ric] R[ücker] Eddison, The Worm Ouroboros, London: Jonathan Cape, page 3:

(architecture) The lower portion of an interior wall decorated differently from the upper portion.


dado

en-verb

dado (third-person singular simple present dadoes, present participle dadoing, simple past and past participle dadoed)

dadoes (present singular third-person)
dadoing (participle present)
dadoed (participle past)
dadoed (past)

(transitive, architecture) To furnish with a dado.


flyer

→ Finnish: flaijeri

→ French: flyer

→ German: Flyer

→ Korean: 플라이어 (peullaieo)

→ Portuguese: flyer

From fly + -er (agent noun suffix).
With regard to the sense "female kangaroo": because of the high speed at which they move.

طَيَّار

someone who pilots or rides in an airplane

(architecture) An arch that connects a flying buttress into the structure it supports.


verge

Borrowed from Middle French verge (“rod or wand of office”), hence "scope, territory dominated", from Latin virga (“shoot, rod stick”), of unknown origin. Earliest attested sense in English is now-obsolete meaning "male member, penis" (c.1400). Modern sense is from the notion of 'within the verge' (1509, also as Anglo-Norman dedeinz la verge), i.e. "subject to the Lord High Steward's authority" (as symbolized by the rod of office), originally a 12-mile radius round the royal court, which sense shifted to "the outermost edge of an expanse or area." Doublet of virga.

bor

(architecture) The shaft of a column, or a small ornamental shaft.

The smaller ribs of tiles that run down to the eaves, along the ridges in a hip-roof, or border the verge in a gable-roof , often terminate in some ornamental tile in high-relief .

1885, Edward S. Morse, Japanese Homes and Their Surroundings:

(architecture) The eaves or edge of the roof that projects over the gable of a roof.


folk

From Middle English folk, from Old English folc, from Proto-West Germanic *folk, from Proto-Germanic *fulką, from Proto-Indo-European *pl̥h₁-gós, from *pleh₁- (“to fill”).
Cognate with German Volk, Dutch volk, Swedish folk and Danish folk. Doublet of volk.

vok (alternative)
volk (alternative)
volge (alternative)
volke (alternative)

(architecture) Of or related to local building materials and styles.

شَعْبِيّ

of or related to local building materials and styles; not imported — see also vernacular


orthography

en-noun

orthography (countable and uncountable, plural orthographies)

/ɔːˈθɒɡɹəfi/

/ɔɹˈθɑɡɹəfi/

The noun is derived from Late Middle English ortografie, ortographie (“spelling”) [and other forms], and then either:
* from Anglo-Norman ortografie, Middle French orthographie, ortografie, ortographie (“correct spelling; orthographic projection”) (compare Old French ortografie; modern French orthographe (“spelling, orthography”), orthographie (“orthographic project, orthography”)); or
* from their etymon Latin orthographia (“correct spelling; building elevation”), from Koine Greek ὀρθογραφία (orthographía, “correct spelling”), from Ancient Greek ορθο- (ortho-, prefix meaning ‘right, proper; upright’) (from ὀρθός (orthós, “straight; erect, upright; correct, true”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₃erdʰ- (“to grow, increase; high; upright”)) + -γραφίᾱ (-graphíā, suffix meaning ‘drawing; writing’) (from γρᾰ́φω (grắphō, “to cut into, scratch; to write”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gerbʰ- (“to carve”)).
The English word is analyzable as ortho- (prefix meaning ‘proper, right; straight’) + -graphy (suffix denoting something written or otherwise represented in a specified manner, or about a specified subject). The verb is derived from the noun. First use appears before c. 1460.
Cognates
* Catalan ortografia
* Italian ortografia
* Portuguese ortografia, orthografia (obsolete)
* Spanish ortografía

affix

Ichnography, by vvhich vve are to underſtand the very firſt Deſign and Ordinance of a VVork or Edifice, […] To this ſucceeds Orthography, or the erect elevation of the ſame in face or front deſcrib'd in meaſure upon the former Idea […]

1664, John Evelyn, “An Account of Architects & Architecture, together with an Historical, and Etymological Explanation of Certain Tearms Particularly Affected by Architects”, in Roland Freart [i.e., Roland Fréart de Chambray], translated by John Evelyn, A Parallel of the Antient Architecture with the Modern, […], London: […] Tho[mas] Roycroft, for John Place, […], →OCLC, part, page 122:

(countable, architecture) A form of projection used to represent three-dimensional objects in two dimensions, in which all the projection lines are orthogonal or perpendicular to the projection plane; an orthographic projection, especially when used to draw an elevation, vertical projection, etc., of a building; also (obsolete) a drawing made in this way.


lantern

lanterns (plural)
lanthorn (alternative)

→ Bengali: লন্ঠন (lonṭhon)

Hindi: लालटेन (lālṭen)

→ Irish: laindéar

→ Malay: lentera

Indonesian: lentera

→ Telugu: లాంతరు (lāntaru)

From Middle English lanterne (13th century), via Old French lanterne from Latin lanterna (“lantern”), itself a corruption of Ancient Greek λαμπτήρ (lamptḗr, “torch”) (see lamp, λάμπω (lámpō)) by influence of Latin lucerna (“lamp”). The spelling lanthorn was current during the 16th to 19th centuries and originates with a folk etymology associating the word with the use of horn as translucent cover. For the verb, compare French lanterner to hang at the lamppost. Displaced native Old English lēohtfæt (literally “light-container”).

ncog

On such an afternoon, if ever, the Lord High Chancellor ought to be sitting here—as here he is—with a foggy glory round his head, softly fenced in with crimson cloth and curtains, addressed by a large advocate with great whiskers, a little voice, and an interminable brief, and outwardly directing his contemplation to the lantern in the roof, where he can see nothing but fog.

1852 March – 1853 September, Charles Dickens, chapter 1, in Bleak House, London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1853, →OCLC:

The station also boasts a large semi-domed French pavilion roof with fish-scale tiles and iron cresting, plus a rectangular hall with arcaded upper storey and wooden lantern.

2022 January 12, Paul Bigland, “Fab Four: the nation's finest stations: Eastbourne”, in RAIL, number 948, page 27:

(architecture) An open structure of light material set upon a roof, to give light and air to the interior.

Dachfenster

(architecture) A cage or open chamber of rich architecture, open below into the building or tower which it crowns.

the lantern of the cupola of the Capitol at Washington, or that of the Florence cathedral

(architecture) A smaller and secondary cupola crowning a larger one, for ornament, or to admit light.

lanterne

a smaller and secondary cupola crowning a larger one


ciborium

/sɪˈbɔəɹɪəm/

From Medieval Latin cibōrium (“drinking-cup”), from Ancient Greek κιβώριον (kibṓrion, “the Egyptian water-lily’s cupulate seed pod”, or “a drinking-cup fashioned therefrom”).

der

(architecture) A fixed vaulted canopy over a Christian altar, supported on four columns.


console

Borrowed from French console (“bracket”, noun), from consoler (“to console, to comfort”, verb).
Sense of “bracket” either due to a bracket alleviating the load, or due to brackets being decorated with the Christian figure of a consolateur (“consoler”), itself perhaps a pun on the first sense (alleviating load).
Originally used for the bracket itself, then for wall-mounted tables (mounted with a bracket), then for free-standing tables placed against a wall. Use for control system dates at least to 1880s for an “organ console”; use for electrical or electronic control systems dates at least to 1930s in radio, television, and system control, particularly as “mixer console” or “control console”, attached to an equipment rack. This was popularized in computers by mainframes such as the IBM 704 (1954) in terms such as “operator’s console” or “console typewriter”, and then generalized to any attached equipment, particularly for user interaction. The automotive sense harks back to earlier use as “support”.

Coordinate term: corbel

(architecture) An ornamental member jutting out of a wall to carry a superincumbent weight, often S-shaped.

конзола

architecture: ornamental member jutting out of a wall


oriel

From Middle English oriel, from Old French oriol (“gallery, corridor”), Late Latin oriolum (“portico, hall”), probably from Latin aureolus (“gilded”), applied to an apartment decorated with gilding. See oriole. Or a diminutive of Latin os (“mouth”).

The middle window of the oriel before her, just caught and reflected back the crimson light and colour. The ground below looked bright and warm compared with the shade around.

1831, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter XIV, in Romance and Reality. […], volume II, London: Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley, […], →OCLC, page 202:

The beams that thro' the Oriel shine / Make prisms in every carven glass, / And beaker brimm'd with noble wine.

1842, Alfred Tennyson, “The Day-Dream. The Sleeping Palace.”, in Poems. […], volume II, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, page 151:

(architecture) A large polygonal recess in a building, such as a bay window, forming a protrusion on the outer wall.

еркер

recess in a building, protruding on the outer wall


facade

Borrowed from French façade, from Italian facciata, a derivation of faccia (“front”), from Latin faciēs (“face”); compare face.

In Egypt the façades of their rock-cut tombs were[…]ornamented so simply and unobtrusively as rather to belie than to announce their internal magnificence.

1865, James Fergusson, A History of Architecture in All Countries:

Like so many of the finest churches, [the cathedral of Siena] was furnished with a plain substantial front wall, intended to serve as the backing and support of an ornamental façade.

1880, Charles Eliot Norton, Historical Studies of Church-Building in the Middle Ages:

The house of Ruthven was a small but ultra-modern limestone affair, between Madison and Fifth ;[…]. As a matter of fact its narrow ornate façade presented not a single quiet space that the eyes might rest on after a tiring attempt to follow and codify the arabesques, foliations, and intricate vermiculations of what some disrespectfully dubbed as “near-aissance.”

1907 August, Robert W[illiam] Chambers, chapter V, in The Younger Set, New York, N.Y.: D. Appleton & Company, →OCLC:

Eight or so gunmen stood shoulder to shoulder in the gray-white trail before the barn, firing into the saloon's burning, bullet-pocked facade.

2005, Peter Brandvold, “Ghost Colts”, in Robert J. Randisi, editor, Lone Star Law, Simon and Schuster, →ISBN, page 179:

(architecture) The face of a building, especially the front view or elevation.


weathering

en-noun

weathering (countable and uncountable, plural weatherings)

From Middle English wederyng, equivalent to weather + -ing.

(architecture) A slight inclination given to an approximately horizontal surface to enable it to throw off water.


squinch

Alteration of earlier scunch (“back part of the side of an opening”), short for scuncheon.

(architecture) A structure constructed between two adjacent walls to aid in the transition from a polygonal to a circular structure, as when a dome is constructed on top of a square room.

trompa

structure between walls to transition to circular


squint

Derived from asquint (“obliquely, with a sidelong glance”).

(architecture) An opening, often arched, through an internal wall of a church, providing an oblique view of the altar.


hagioscope

From hagio- (“saint”) + -scope (“viewing instrument”).

confix

It appears that Drs. Jones and Freeman account for the arch over the hagioscope at St. David's by saying, though without citing authorities, that there was a door there originally.

1886, Miss M. A. R. Tucker, “St. David's”, in Walford's Antiquarian: A Magazine & Bibliographical Review:

(architecture) A small opening in an interior wall of a church, enabling those in the transept to view the high altar.


scupper

Uncertain. Perhaps from Middle English scope (“scoop”) or Dutch schop (“shovel”) + -er; or from Dutch scheppen (“to draw off”).

I have said that our roof was decidedly Biblical in style; but to make it a dry one, something of a nautical character was added to its architecture, for on either side were scuppers, and it was slightly arched in the centre[.]

1887, Harriet W. Daly, Digging, Squatting, and Pioneering Life in the Northern Territory of South Australia, page 111:

(architecture) A similar opening in a wall or parapet that allows water to drain from a roof.

valumisaukko

architecture: drainage hole in a wall or parapet


billet

From Middle English billet, bylet, belet, billette, from Old French billette, from bille (“log, tree trunk”), from Vulgar Latin *bilia, probably of Gaulish origin (compare Old Irish bile (“tree”)).

(architecture) An ornament in Norman work, resembling a billet of wood, either square or round.


MLA

MLAs (plural)
M.L.A. (alternative)
M. L. A. (alternative)

(architecture) Initialism of master of landscape architecture.


stria

(architecture) One of the fillets between the flutes of columns, etc.


obelisk

Hippodrome of Constantinople
Obelisk of Theodosius
Theodosius I
Thutmose III

From Middle French obelisque, from Latin obeliscus (“obelisk”), from Ancient Greek ὀβελίσκος (obelískos), diminutive of ὀβελός (obelós, “needle”). Compare obelus.

The Washington Monument is often described as an obelisk, and sometimes even as a "true obelisk," even though it is not. A true obelisk is a monolith, a pylon formed out of a single piece of stone.

2012 January, Henry Petroski, “The Washington Monument”, in American Scientist, volume 100, number 1, page 16:

(architecture) A tall, square, tapered, stone monolith topped with a pyramidal point, frequently used as a monument.


flourish

flourishes (plural)
florysh (alternative)
floryshe (alternative)

From Middle English floryschen, from Old French florir (via the arrhizotonic stem floriss-), from Late Latin flōrīre, from Latin flōrēre, from Latin flōrem (“flower”, noun). Corresponds to flower + -ish.

(architecture) A decorative embellishment on a building.


ogee

From Middle English *ogeve, egeve, egeove, from Old French œgive, ogive, augive, from Late Latin augiva, of uncertain origin; compare Late Latin ogis (“a support, prop”), Latin augeō (“to increase, strengthen”), Spanish auge (“highest point of power or fortune, apogee”). Doublet of ogive.

cog

At the centre of this façade of one story is a porch of two stories with a tall attic and a gable of ogee outline flanked by finials.

1905, Charles Herbert Moore, “Chapter 13”, in Character of Renaissance Architecture:

There is no pronounced ogee arch anywhere, though there is a suspicion of one where the open trefoils of the gables rest upon the containing arches. The tracery too of all the circles is geometrical, i.e., composed of simple curves; there is no flowing or ogee tracery with compound curves.

1910, Francis Bond, “Chapter 3”, in Wood Carvings in English Churches:

In front of the leading splasher the frame was given what is called an ogee bend outwards, [...].

1959 June, A. G. Dunbar, “The "Cardeans" of the Caledonian”, in Trains Illustrated, page 309:

(architecture) A double curve in the shape of an elongated S; an object of that shape.

(architecture) A pointed arch made from two ogees.


meta-

From Ancient Greek μετα- (meta-), from μετά (metá), from Mycenaean Greek 𐀕𐀲 (me-ta), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *meth₂ (“in the middle”).

noncog

(obsolete, architecture and zoology) Situated between two segments.


tassel

From Middle English tassel, from Old French tassel, from Latin taxillus (“small cube”), from tālus (“ankle”).

(architecture) A piece of board that is laid upon a wall as a sort of plate, to give a level surface to the ends of floor timbers.


hexastyle

From Ancient Greek ἑξάστυλος (hexástulos), from ἕξ (héx) + στῦλος (stûlos). hexa- + -style.

(architecture) having six columns at the front on the portico


hexastyle

(architecture) A temple or portico with six columns in front.


settlement

en-noun

settlement (countable and uncountable, plural settlements)

(architecture) The gradual sinking of a building. Fractures or dislocations caused by settlement.

слягане

(architecture) gradual sinking of a building


bolster

bolsters (plural)
boulster (alternative)
bowster (alternative)
bouster (alternative)
boster (alternative)

From Middle English bolster, bolstre, from Old English bolster (“pillow”), from Proto-West Germanic *bolstr, from Proto-Germanic *bulstraz (“pillow, cushion”). Cognate with Scots bowster (“bolster”), West Frisian bulster (“mattress”), Dutch bolster (“husk, shell”), German Polster (“bolster, pillow, pad”), Swedish bolster (“soft mattress, bolster”), Icelandic bólstur (“pillow”).

cog

Its [the Ionic's column's] ancient capital is generally formed of two parallel bolsters

1826, Francesco Milizia, The Lives of Celebrated Architects Ancient and Modern:

(architecture) The rolls forming the ends or sides of the Ionic capital.

volutas

(architecture) the rolls forming the ends or sides of the Ionic capital


engaged

/ɪnˈɡeɪd͡ʒd/

/ɛnˈɡeɪd͡ʒd/

(architecture, of a column) attached to a wall or sunk into it halfway


narthex

From Ancient Greek νάρθηξ (nárthēx, “giant fennel”), later ‘casket’ (modern Greek νάρθηκας (nárthikas)), a Pre-Greek word, as suggested by the suffix. See also νάρδος (nárdos, “nard”).

bor

we were in the antechamber, called the narthex, which runs across the front of any Byzantine church [...].

1942, Rebecca West, Black Lamb and Grey Falcon, Canongate, published 2006, page 637:

One of these was Cardinal Jacopo Stefaneschi, [...] who had now conceived ambitious plans for paintings to decorate the entire narthex, or entrance porch, of Avignon's ancient cathedral.

2007, Edwin Mullins, The Popes of Avignon, Blue Bridge, published 2008, page 87:

“Cinco,” Marco bellowed now, hurrying across the narthex to give him a hearty handshake, which Cinco returned without enthusiasm.

2012, Melissa F. Miller, chapter 42, in Irretrievably Broken (The Sasha McCandless Series), e-book edition, volume 1, Brown Street Books, →ISBN, page 11642:

(architecture) A western vestibule leading to the nave in some Christian churches.


vestibule

Early 17th century, borrowed from French vestibule (“entrance court”), from Latin vestibulum (“forecourt, entrance court; entrance”), from vestiō (“to dress, clothe, vest”) + -bulum (“place, location”, nominal suffix). Doublet of vestibulum.

նախասրահ

small entrance hall before main hall or lobby

(architecture) A small entrance hall, antechamber, passage, or room between the outer door and the main hall, lobby, or interior of a building.

(architecture) A large entrance hall in a temple or palace.

The exit side of the front vestibule contains a sliding door.

1912, Electric Railway Journal, volume XL, number 14, page 556:

The units have transverse seats, two and three astride the passageway with single or double longitudinal seats alongside the two entrance vestibules in each car.

1960 November, “New electric multiple-units for British Railways: Glasgow Suburban”, in Trains Illustrated, page 660:

(rail transport) An enclosed entrance at the end of a railway passenger car.

eteinen

enclosed entrance of a railway passenger car

Lydia's voice was heard in the vestibule; the door was thrown open, and she ran into the room.

1813, Jane Austen, chapter 19, in Pride and Prejudice, volume 2:

The purpose of the vestibule, at least in western Europe, was not to provide a resting-place for penitents, but to deaden the noise outside.

1913, Beda Julius Kleinschmidt, “Vestibule”, in Catholic Encyclopedia:

Some instinct warned Armitage that what was taking place was not a thing for unfortified eyes to see, so he brushed back the crowd with authority as he unlocked the vestibule door.

1929 April, H. P. Lovecraft, “The Dunwich Horror/Chapter VI”, in Weird Tales:


stretcher

(architecture) A piece of timber used in building.


rafter

From Old English ræfter, of Germanic origin, related to the origin of raft.

/ˈɹɑːftə(ɹ)/

[…] the pigeons fluttered up to the rafters

1943 November – 1944 February (date written; published 1945 August 17), George Orwell [pseudonym; Eric Arthur Blair], Animal Farm […], London: Secker & Warburg, published May 1962, →OCLC:

(architecture) One of a series of sloped beams that extend from the ridge or hip to the downslope perimeter or eave, designed to support the roof deck and its associated loads.


ha-ha

From French haha, supposedly from ha! as an expression of surprise.

A few steps farther brought them out at the bottom of the very walk they had been talking of; and standing back, well shaded and sheltered, and looking over a ha-ha into the park, was a comfortable-sized bench, on which they all sat down.

1814 May 9, [Jane Austen], chapter IX, in Mansfield Park: […], volume I, London: […] [George Sidney] for T[homas] Egerton, […], →OCLC, page 197:

This pathway ran up hill, across another open space covered with white incrustation, and plunged into a canebrake again. Then suddenly it turned parallel with the edge of a steep-walled gap, which came without warning, like the ha-ha of an English park,—turned with an unexpected abruptness. I was still running with all my might, and I never saw this drop until I was flying headlong through the air.

1896, H[erbert] G[eorge] Wells, “The Sayers of the Law”, in The Island of Doctor Moreau (Heinemann’s Colonial Library of Popular Fiction; 52), London: William Heinemann, →OCLC; republished as The Island of Doctor Moreau: A Possibility, New York, N.Y.: Stone & Kimball, 1896, →OCLC, pages 115–116:

A moody stroll through the oaks and bracken beyond the ha-ha didn't help.

(architecture) A ditch with one vertical side, acting as a sunken fence, designed to block the entry of animals into lawns and parks without breaking sightlines.


lunette

Unadapted borrowing from French lunette, diminutive of lune (“moon”).

Nanny Broome was looking up at the outer wall. Just under the ceiling there were three lunette windows, heavily barred and blacked out in the normal way by centuries of grime.

1963, Margery Allingham, chapter 14, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC:

Next came the semi-landing with the lunette window, and here the door opened under the pressure of a single finger, and with a sigh and creak.

1982, Lawrence Durrell, Constance (Avignon Quintet), Faber & Faber, published 2004, page 820:

(architecture) A small opening in a vaulted roof of a circular or crescent shape.

lunetti

The decoration of a lunette discovered in the Duomo of Pistoia in the 1950s, which represents Christ blessing and Saints James and John, all bust-length, constitutes a more remarkable and stylistically more advanced approach to painting.

1930, Offner, Steinweg et al., A Critical and Historical Corpus of Florentine Painting, p. 49

(architecture) A crescent-shaped recess or void in the space above a window or door.


windowsill

windowsills (plural)
window sill (alternative)

An upscale version of this tried and true method of providing windowsill humidity is the use of plastic 'egg crating' instead of gravel.

1991, Bob Gordon, Orchid Seedling Care: With Special Emphasis on Water Quality:

You could tell summer was coming because people were drinking on the street, searching for spaces on the windowsills of the pub to balance their beerglasses.

2001, Christopher Fowler, The Devil in Me, page 12:

north-facing rooms: These rooms receive the least light if you live up north, so choose plants that can endure low-light conditions and keep them directly on the windowsill. Some suggestions include pothos, philodendrons, arrowheads, Chinese evergreens, peace lilies and zamioculcas (or “ZZ”).

2015, Nathan Williams, The Kinfolk Home: Interiors for Slow Living, Artisan Books, →ISBN, page 277:

The most unreliable joints are in connections between the wall with ceilings and roofing, esconson of windows, places under the windowsills, exits to the balcony or veranda...

2017, Irina Maltseva, Aleksandr Elokhov, Konstantin Tkachuk, Kseniia Maltceva, “Design without thermal bridges”, in 9th International Scientific Conference Building Defects:

(architecture) The horizontal member protruding from the base of a window frame.

պատուհանագոգ

the horizontal member protruding from the base of a window frame


shaft

From Middle English schaft, from Old English sċeaft, from Proto-West Germanic *skaft, from Proto-Germanic *skaftaz. Cognate with Dutch schacht, German German Schaft, Swedish skaft.

Bid time and nature gently spare / The shaft we raise to thee.

(architecture) Any column or pillar, particularly the body of a column between its capital and pedestal.


inglenook

inglenooks (plural)
ingle nook (alternative)
ingle-nook (alternative)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-inglenook.wav

/ˈɪŋɡəlˌnʊk/

I ſat me in the ingle nook, / And joked wi my luver, / But a' the jokes that I cou'd crack, / The deel a ane could muve her.

1797 May, E. S. J., “A Song”, in Sylvanus Urban [pseudonym; Edward Cave], editor, The Gentleman’s Magazine, and Historical Chronicle, volume LXVII, part I, number V, London: […] John Nichols, […], →OCLC, page 423, column 2:

The ingle-nook ſupplies the ſimmer-fields, / An' aft as mony gleefu' maments yields.

1799, Robert Fergusson, “An Eclogue. […]”, in The Poetical Works of R. Fergusson, Paisley, Renfrewshire: R. Smith, […], →OCLC, page 80:

Could we find a Hamilton to write a tale in Gaelic, for the ingle-nooks of our cottagers, we might expect a speedy reform. The Highlanders are fond of tales, and there does not seem to be a better method of pointing out to them the advantages of activity and cleanliness, than dispersing among them a few stories drawn up with ability.

1813, George Steuart Mackenzie, “Political Economy”, in General View of the Agriculture of the Counties of Ross and Cromarty. […], London: […] Sherwood, Neely, and Jones, […], →OCLC, section 8 (Healthiness of the Country, Mode of Living, &c.), pages 326–327:

May the Forest still flourish, both Borough and Landward, / From the hall of the Peer to the herd's ingle-nook; / And huzza! my brave hearts, for Buccleuch and his standard, / For the King and the Country, the Clan and the Duke.

1815 December 1, [Walter Scott; James Hogg], “The Lifting of the Banner”, in The Ettricke Garland; being Two Excellent New Songs on the Lifting of the Banner of the House of Buccleuch, at the Great Foot-ball Match on Carterhaugh, Dec. 4, 1815, Edinburgh: […] James Ballantyne and Co., →OCLC, page 5:

[O]ne [chair], distinguished by capacious arms, a high stuffed back, and red cushions, was placed close to the ingle nook, the accustomed seat of the father of the family.

1822 May 1, “The Smuggler”, in The Atheneum; or, Spirit of the English Magazines, volume 11, Boston, Mass.: Munroe and Francis, […], →OCLC, page 103, column 1:

Alice was removed to the residence of the older Noland, where she was welcomed with a rough but honest kindness, and old Margaret was installed in the ingle nook.

1838 December 22, “the Old Sailor” [pseudonym], “Robin Hood’s Bay”, in William, Robert Chambers, editors, Chambers’s Edinburgh Journal, volume VII, number 360, Edinburgh: […] W[illiam] S[omerville] Orr and Co., […], published 1839, →OCLC, page 378, column 2:

It was remembered but too well how the dragoons had stalked into the peasant's cottage, cursing and damning him, themselves, and each other at every second word, pushing from the ingle nook his grandmother of eighty, and thrusting their hands into the bosom of his daughter of sixteen; [...]

1851, Thomas Babington Macaulay, chapter XIII, in The History of England from the Accession of James the Second, volume III, London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, →OCLC, page 343:

The Cavalier was supported by the assiduous host into a large, comfortable-looking house-place, with a wood fire blazing upon the hearth—deep inglenooks on either side of the chimney—and a couple of cozy benches with high backs calculated to keep off all draught advancing far into the room, with a long and strong oak table between them.

1860, W[illiam] Harrison Ainsworth, “Ovingdean Grange. A Tale of the South Downs.”, in Bentley’s Miscellany, volume XLVII, London: Richard Bentley, […], →OCLC, 6th part (The Devil’s Dyke), chapter III (Of the Guests at the Poynings’ Arms), page 350:

It is in this old chimney corner, the quaint inglenook of our ancestors—just there in the far angle, where His little stool was placed, and where, I dare say, if we could look close enough, we should find the hearthstone scraped with His little feet—that we see the inconceivable child gazing into the blaze of the old oaken logs and making out there pictures and stories, see Him conning, with curly bent head, His well-worn hornbook, or poring over some scrap of an ancient ballad, some page of some such rudely bound volume of chronicles as lay, we may be sure, in His father's window-seat.

1903 February 26, Henry James, “The Birthplace”, in The Better Sort, New York, N.Y.: Charles Scribner’s Sons, →OCLC, chapter VII, page 296:

The chimneys are most striking, with the upper part in brickwork, and with fine bold bases of stone, forming inside comfortable ingle nooks.

1914, Philip B. Chatwin, “Kyre Wyard”, in Transactions, Excursions and Report, for the Year 1913, volume XXXIX, Birmingham, Warwickshire: […] Hudson & Son [for the Birmingham Archaeological Society, Birmingham and Midland Institute], […], →OCLC, page 60:

Seated in my barber's chair in the ingle-nook, with a book and a cup of coffee on the table in front of me, I would hear coming down the chimney, as though the village was situated on an island in the sky, a succession of slow, somnolent sounds: [...]

1957, Gerald Brenan, “The High Mountains and Guadix”, in South from Granada, 1st paperback edition, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: Cambridge University Press, published 1980, →ISBN, page 153:

Opposite the old church is a Tudor black-and-white cottage, flanked at one end by the Brocket Arms, a splendid 400-year-old pub with stone-flagged floors, a vast inglenook fireplace and a garden full of oak tables and benches for summer evening meditation.

1980, AA Book of British Villages, Drive Publications Ltd, page 45:

In its purest form, the inglenook is distinctly set off, a sort of room within a room. [...] The twin benches of many inglenooks face each other at right angles to the hearth. This arrangement gives the best view of the fire, but space considerations may dictate building seating along the fireplace wall instead.

2000, Judith Knuth, edited by Paula Marshall, Fireplace Decorating & Planning Ideas, Des Moines, Iowa: Better Homes and Gardens Books, →ISBN, page 47:

He [a dog] wants the warmth of our home, to curl up in our inglenook and lap from his water bowl.

2014, Eric Freeze, “Dead Weight”, in Hemingway on a Bike, Lincoln, Neb., London: University of Nebraska Press, →ISBN, page 80:

(originally Scotland, architecture, chiefly historical) A nook or corner beside an open fireplace; a chimney corner.

爐邊 /炉边

nook or corner beside an open fireplace; chimney corner


impost

From Italian imposta, from Latin imposta.

The outer circle [of Stonehenge] has been formed by a combination of two uprights and an impost; yet each combination of these three stones is detached, and without any connection with the rest, except that of coinciding in the form of a circle.

1798, William Gilpin, Observations on the Western Parts of England, London: T. Cadell jun. and W. Davies, Section 7, p. 79:

(architecture) The top part of a column, pillar, pier, wall, etc. that supports an arch.


groin

From earlier grine, from Middle English grinde, grynde, from Old English grynde (“abyss”) (perhaps also "depression, hollow"), probably related to Proto-Germanic *grunduz; see ground. Later altered under the influence of loin.

(architecture) The projecting solid angle formed by the meeting of two vaults


groin

en-verb

groin (third-person singular simple present groins, present participle groining, simple past and past participle groined)

groins (present singular third-person)
groining (participle present)
groined (participle past)
groined (past)


dormer

From Middle French dormoir (“sleeping room”), from dormir (“to sleep”).

Then we came to a high white wall that surrounded a large garden, and within it was a long, massive building of some beauty and pretension, with a high, latticed belfry and heavy walls and with arched dormers in the sloping roof.

1904 May, Winston Churchill, “The Strange City”, in The Crossing, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC, book II (Flotsam and Jetsam), page 371:

(architecture) A room-like, roofed projection from a sloping roof.

(architecture) Ellipsis of dormer-window..


Churrigueresque

Named for José Benito Churriguera (1665-1725), a Spanish architect and sculptor. See -esque.

(architecture) Relating to a Spanish baroque architectural style that started in the late 17th century to the early 18th century; characterized by flamboyant ornamentation

churrigueresque

relating to Spanish baroque architectural style


flamboyant

en-adj

flamboyant (comparative more flamboyant, superlative most flamboyant)

more flamboyant (comparative)
most flamboyant (superlative)
Flamboyant (alternative)

Borrowed from French flamboyant (“flaming, wavy”), participle of flamboyer (“to flame”), from Old French flamboier, from flambe (“flame”). The architectural style derives its name from the flame-like shapes in the tracery.

S. Pierre is a flamboyant church, the details passing into Renaissance.

1891, Sabine Baring-Gould, chapter XIX, in In Troubadour-Land: A Ramble in Provence and Languedoc, Avignon:

The second is a chapel of two storeys, the lower dating from 1150, while the upper was rebuilt in the 15th century, and there is a rich Flamboyant entrance with a stairway (1533).

1911, “Bruges”, in Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition:

The nave and central tower, more flamboyant in design, were finished early in the sixteenth century after the original plan.

1913, “Abbey of Saint-Ouen”, in Catholic Encyclopedia:

(architecture) Referring to the final stage of French Gothic architecture from the 14th to the 16th centuries.

炫耀

referring to the final stage of French Gothic architecture from the 14th to the 16th centuries


Victorian

Victorian (comparative more Victorian, superlative most Victorian)

more Victorian (comparative)
most Victorian (superlative)

From Victoria + -an (suffix forming adjectives and agent nouns), from the name of Queen Victoria (1819–1901), monarch of the United Kingdom.

Viktorina

of or relating to the culture or social conditions of that period

Unhappily, however, all that remains of Cherhill's claim to an old manor house is a rather cold ungabled building, blue-slated in hard ruled lines, and a porch which might have been transplanted from a late Victorian house.

1941, J[ames] H[erbert] Blackford, The Manor and Village of Cherhill, a Wiltshire Village from Early Times to the Present Day, Frome, Somerset, London: […] Butler & Tanner, →OCLC, page 188:

Of or relating to the culture or social conditions of that period.

(architecture) Of the style of architecture or furnishings of that period.

فيكتوري

of the style of architecture or furnishings of that period


Victorian

The commercial resurgence brought about by the area's changing tastes is reflected in midtown's conglomeration of refurbished Victorians, apartments, specialty shops, offices, corner groceries, restaurants, single-family homes, and bed and breakfast inns.

1987, Faren Maree Bachelis, “Downtown Sacramento”, in The Pelican Guide to Sacramento and the Gold Country (A Firebird Press Book), Gretna, New Orleans, La.: Pelican Publishing Company, →ISBN, page 86:

(chiefly US, architecture) A house built in the Victorian architectural style.


campana

(obsolete, architecture) The body of a capital of the Corinthian order.

(obsolete, architecture) A drop of a Doric architrave.


repose

en-noun

repose (countable and uncountable, plural reposes)

Berthe Morisot
Rhode Island School of Design Museum
Édouard Manet

The verb is derived from Middle English reposen (“to rest”), from Anglo-Norman reposer, reposir, and Middle French reposer, from Old French reposer, repauser (“to become calm; to be peaceful; to rest; to be immobile; to lie or be placed; to cease, stop; to neglect”) (modern French reposer), from Latin repausāre, the present active infinitive of repausō (“(Late Latin) to be at rest; to lie down, rest; to sleep; to calm, pacify; (Latin) to halt temporarily, pause”), from re- (prefix meaning ‘again; back, backwards’) + pausō (“to cease, halt; to pause”) (from pausa (“a halt, stop; a pause; an end”), from Ancient Greek παῦσῐς (paûsĭs, “ceasing, stopping”), from παύω (paúō, “to cease; to make to cease, stop; to bring to an end; to hinder”) (further etymology uncertain; possibly from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂w- (“few, little; smallness”)) + -σῐς (-sĭs, suffix forming abstract nouns or nouns of action, process, or result)).
The noun is derived from Late Middle English repose, from Anglo-Norman repous, repos, and Middle French repos, repose, from Old French repos (“calm; rest; period or state of sleep; state of immobility; state of inaction”) (modern French repos), from reposer, repauser (verb) (see above).
Noun sense 12.3 (“technique of including in a painting an area or areas which are dark, indistinct, or soft in tone”) is borrowed from French repos.
(Cognates):
Catalan reposar (verb), repòs (noun)
Italian riposare (verb), riposo (noun)
Old Occitan repausar, repauzar (verb), repaus (noun)
Portuguese repousar (verb), repouso (noun)
Spanish reposar (verb), reposo (noun)

ref

From the collection of the Rhode Island School of Design Museum, Providence, Rhode Island, U.S.A.

col

Cognates

հանգիստ

temporary cessation from activity to rest and recover, especially in the form of sleep; an instance of this — see also break, rest

VVe are to take occaſion as much as poſſibly vve can, […] to find the repoſe of vvhich vve ſpeak, by the Light and by the Shadovv, vvhich naturally accompany ſolid Bodies.

1695, [Roger de Piles], “Observations on the Art of Painting of Charles Alphonse du Fresnoy”, in C[harles] A[lphonse] du Fresnoy, translated by John Dryden, De Arte Graphica. The Art of Painting, […], London: […] J[ohn] Heptinstall for W. Rogers, […], →OCLC, page 162:

(uncountable, architecture, art) The arrangement of elements of an artwork, a building, etc., that is restful and soothing to a viewer; harmony.


recess

en-noun

recess (countable and uncountable, plural recesses)

The noun is borrowed from Latin recessus (“act of going back, departure, receding, retiring; (figuratively) retreat, withdrawal; (metonymically) distant, secluded, or secret spot, corner, nook, retreat; recessed part, indentation”) (also Late Latin recessus (“decree or resolution of the Diet of the Holy Roman Empire”)), from recēdō (“to go back, recede, retire, withdraw; to go away, depart; (by extension) to disappear, vanish; to separate; to stand back, be distant; to yield”) (from re- (prefix meaning ‘back, backwards’) + cēdō (“to go, move, proceed”)) + -tus (suffix forming action nouns from verbs); influenced by Middle French recès, French recès (“a break, pause; break between classes in school; school vacation; ebbing of tide; reduction”) (also Anglo-Norman recès and Old French recès (“hiding place; hollow”).
Sense 5 (“decree or resolution of the diet of the Holy Roman Empire, etc.”) is possibly influenced by Italian recesso and refers to a decree or resolution made just before a meeting ends.
The adjective and verb are derived from the noun.
Cognates
* Catalan recés
* Italian recesso
* Middle French recès (modern French recès)
* Portuguese recesso
* Spanish receso

syvyys

hidden, innermost, or inaccessible place or part of a place

فُسْحة

temporary stoppage of an activity — see also break, pause

[T]he Harmony, Proportion and Beauty of Buildings are equally admirable, vvhether they be executed in plain Free-ſtone, or the moſt beautiful Marble; vvhether the Carvings or Mouldings be gilt or not; the Receſſes or Panels in the VValls be curiouſly painted, or only plaiſter'd.

1742, [Daniel Defoe], “Letter II. Containing a Description of the City of London, as Taking in the City of Westminster, Borough of Southwark, and the Buildings Circumjacent.”, in A Tour thro’ the Whole Island of Great Britain. […], 3rd edition, volume II, London: […] J[ohn] Osborn, […], →OCLC, pages 121–122:

My uncle now clambered on top of the half score of mattresses which form a French bed, and which stood in a deep recess; […]

1824, Geoffrey Crayon [pseudonym; Washington Irving], “The Adventure of My Uncle”, in Tales of a Traveller, part 1 (Strange Stories. […]), Philadelphia, Pa.: H[enry] C[harles] Carey & I[saac] Lea, […], →OCLC, page 28:

[T]he soldier looked to the oriel windows. The recesses within them were raised a step or two from the wall.

1826, [Walter Scott], chapter III, in Woodstock; Or, The Cavalier. […], volume I, Edinburgh: […] [James Ballantyne and Co.] for Archibald Constable and Co.; London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, and Green, →OCLC, page 87:

Uncertain where to go next, and bewildered by the crowd of people who were already astir, they sat down in one of the recesses of the bridge, to rest.

1841 February–November, Charles Dickens, “Barnaby Rudge. Chapter 48.”, in Master Humphrey’s Clock, volume III, London: Chapman & Hall, […], →OCLC, page 211:

I hied me to the window-recess; and while I sat there and looked out on the still trees and dim lawn, to a sweet air was sung in mellow tones, […]

1847 October 16, Currer Bell [pseudonym; Charlotte Brontë], chapter IX, in Jane Eyre. An Autobiography. […], volume II, London: Smith, Elder, and Co., […], →OCLC, page 246:

This hall is the living-room of the house, and walls and roof are of stout logs. […] Deep recesses half way up the walls contain various provender in barrels and sacks.

1902 (date written), J[ames] M[atthew] Barrie, The Admirable Crichton, London, New York, N.Y.: Hodder & Stoughton, […], published [1914], →OCLC, act III (The Happy Home), page 125:

(countable) A depressed, hollow, or indented space; also, a hole or opening.

(architecture) A small space created by building part of a wall further back from the rest; a niche.


recess

en-verb

recess (third-person singular simple present recesses, present participle recessing, simple past and past participle recessed)

recesses (present singular third-person)
recessing (participle present)
recessed (participle past)
recessed (past)

to recess a wall

To make a recess (noun sense 1 and sense 1.1) in (something).

That gargoyle recesses into the rest of architecture.

Recess the screw so it does not stick out.

(also reflexive) Often preceded by in or into: to inset (something) into a recess or niche.


prang

The prang is surrounded by walls, which are in turn surrounded by smaller prangs and chedis, some of which are rather precariously supported.

1995, Joshua Eliot, Thailand and Burma Handbook 1996, page 216:

The second platform surrounds the base of the prang proper, whose closed entranceways are guarded by four statues of the Hindu god Indra on his three-headed elephant Erawan.

2001, Paul Gray, Lucy Ridout, The Rough Guide to Bangkok, page 119:

(architecture) A type of tower or spire featured in some Buddhist temples of Cambodia and Thailand.


respond

From Middle English respounden, from Old French respondre, from Late Latin respondō, from Latin respondeō. Cf. Modern French répondre.

(architecture) A half-pillar, pilaster, or any corresponding device engaged in a wall to receive the impost of an arch.


controller

/kənˈtɹəʊlə/

From Middle English countreroller, from Anglo-Norman contreroulour and Middle French contreroleur (French contrôleur), from Medieval Latin contrārotulātor, from *contrārotulāre (from which control). By surface analysis, control + -er.

(software architecture) In software applications using the model-view-controller design pattern, the part or parts of the application that treat input and output, forming an interface between models and views.


scroll

From Middle English scrowle, scrolle, from earlier scrowe, scrouwe (influenced by Middle English rolle), from Old French escroe, escrowe, escrouwe (“scroll, strip of parchment”), from Frankish *skrōda (“a shred”), from Proto-Germanic *skraudō, from *skrew- (“to cut; cutting tool”), extension of *(s)ker- (“to cut”). Doublet of shred and escrow.

(architecture) An ornament formed of undulations giving off spirals or sprays, usually suggestive of plant form. Roman architectural ornament is largely of some scroll pattern.


turret

From Middle English touret, from Old French torete (French tourette), diminutive of tour (“tower”), from Latin turris. Doublet of tor, tourelle, and tower. See tower.

оръдейна кула

a revolving tower constructed of thick iron plates

There breathes no being but has some pretence / To that fine instinct called poetic sense; […] / The freeman, casting with unpurchased hand / The vote that shakes the turrets of the land.

1836, Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr., “Poetry: A Metrical Essay”, republished in The Poems of Oliver Wendell Holmes, Boston, Mass.: Ticknor and Fields, 1862, OCLC 5091562, pages 7–8

Awake! for Morning in the Bowl of Night,
Has flung the Stone that puts the Stars to Flight:
And Lo! the Hunter of the East has caught
The Sultán's Turret in a Noose of light.

1859, Edward Fitzgerald, The Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyám: The Astronomer-Poet of Persia, page 1:

(architecture) A little tower, frequently a merely ornamental structure at one of the corners of a building or castle.


annulet

From Latin ānnulus (“small ring”) + -et.

(architecture) A ring-shaped molding at the top of a column.


rib

From Middle English rib, ribbe, from Old English ribb (“rib”), from Proto-West Germanic *ribi, from Proto-Germanic *ribją (“rib, reef”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rebʰ- (“arch, ceiling, cover”).
Cognate with Dutch rib (“rib”), Norwegian ribbe (“sparerib”), Norwegian ribben (“rib”), Low German ribbe (“rib”), German Rippe (“rib”), Old Norse rif (“rib, reef”), Serbo-Croatian rèbro (“rib”).
(wife or woman): In reference to the creation of Eve from Adam's rib in the Bible.

der

(architecture) A long, narrow, usually arched member projecting from the surface of a structure, especially such a member separating the webs of a vault