ataraxy

ataraxy (usually uncountable, plural ataraxies)

From Middle French ataraxie, from Ancient Greek ἀταραξία (ataraxía, “impassiveness”), from ἀ- (a-, “not”) + ταράσσω (tarássō, “I disturb”). Doublet of ataraxia.

der

Ataraxy can be produced by ataractics, drugs that have a calming or quieting effect.

2000, M. Basavanna, Dictionary of Psychology, Allied Publishers, →ISBN, page 28:

(pharmacology, pharmacy) State of psychological calm and tranquility, absence of discomfort, or metabolical inactivity.


doxy

I know one patient who couldn't take the tabs but could tolerate liquid doxy.

1996 May 7, Phyllis Mervine, “Re: Tetracycline”, in sci.med.diseases.lyme (Usenet):

(informal, pharmacology) Clipping of doxycycline.


theriac

en-noun

theriac (countable and uncountable, plural theriacs)

theriacs (plural)
theriaca (alternative)
theriace (alternative)
theriack (alternative)
theriaque (alternative)

From Medieval Latin theriacum, from Ancient Greek θηριακὸν (thēriakòn) and Late Latin theriaca, from Ancient Greek θηριακὴ (thēriakḕ, “of or related to poisonous reptiles”), from θηρίον (thēríon, “little beast”) + -κός (-kós), from θήρ (thḗr, “beast”) + -ίον (-íon, diminutive suffix). Doublet of theriaca.

der

This excellent triacle Methridatum is nexte in qualitye and virtue to Theriaca... but onely Theriaca is a little hotter and stronger againste venyme of Snakes.

1558, William Bullein, The Government of Health, fol. 120

Theriaca Andromachi, the Venice or Mithridate treacle...
Theriaca communis, common treacle, or molasses...
Theriaca Londinensis, a cataplasm of cummin seed, bay-berries, germander, snake-root, cloves and honey.

1811, John Quincy et al., Quincy's Lexicon-Medicum..., s.v:

From then on galene became the theriac par excellence, known simply as theriac, and there never was a more successful drug[…] Those who could afford it gulped down a bean-sized lump of theriac for practically everything from the Black Death to nothing at all, as a preventive.

1975, Guido Majno, The Healing Hand, Harvard University Press, page 415:

Theriac was essentially homeopathic in its supposed function, being an improvement on mithridate by virtue of containing more poisons.

(pharmacology, historical) A universal antidote against all poisons, particularly medicines considered to derive from a recipe of the Roman physician Andromachus and representing an improvement on mithridate.

تِرْيَاق

a supposed universal antidote, distinguished from mithridate

...ane half vnce of guid auld theriac...

1568, Gilbert Skeyne, Ane Breue Descriptioun of the Pest, Ch. 7

...the great number of Vipers, brought to the Grand Duke of Toscany for the composing of Theriac or Treacle...

1666, Philosophical Transactions, volume I, page 160:

...in the herbal (Kra:uterbuch) of German physician Adam Lonicer... In his final edition, published in 1587 (the year after his death), Lonicer added an entry on bezoar, "a stone against all poison," which he highlighted as "more powerful than any other poison antidote or theriac."

2021, Alisha Rankin, The Poison Trials, page 179:

(pharmacology, archaic) Synonym of antidote, particularly (pseudoscience) those incorporating snakemeat to cure snakebite.


diuretic

en-adj

diuretic (comparative more diuretic, superlative most diuretic)

more diuretic (comparative)
most diuretic (superlative)
diuretick (alternative)

From Middle English diuretyk, from Old French diuretique; ultimately from Ancient Greek διουρητικός (diourētikós). By surface analysis, diuresis + -etic.

Blackcurrant leaf has a diuretic action [11,12,14], therefore it should not be taken concurrently with diuretics indicated for cardiac or renal insufficiency except on medical advice.

2003, European Scientific Cooperative on Phytotherapy, ESCOP Monographs: The Scientific Foundation for Herbal Medicinal Products, page 426:

Further experiments are needed to elaborate the exact mechanisms of the hypotensive and diuretic effects of diterpene kaurenoids.

2016, Maurice M. Iwu, Food as Medicine: Functional Food Plants of Africa:

(medicine, pharmacology) Increasing the amount or frequency of urination.


diuretic

diuretics (plural)
diuretick (alternative)

(medicine, pharmacology) A drug or a substance that increases the rate of urine excretion.


tire gauge

tire gauges (plural)
tire gage (alternative)
tyre gauge (alternative)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-tire gauge.wav

(slang, drugs) A type of crack pipe, with its innards removed.


topical

A substance, especially a medication, applied externally (to the surface of the skin or eye).


toxicology

en-noun

toxicology (countable and uncountable, plural toxicologies)

From French toxicologie, equivalent to toxico- + -logy.

(sciences, pharmacology) The branch of pharmacology that deals with the nature, effect, detection and treatment of poisons and poisoning.

toksikologie

scientific study of poisons and poisoning


DXM

(pharmacology) Abbreviation of dextromethorphan.


dextromethorphan

(pharmacology) An opioid that is used as an antitussive drug, found in many over-the-counter cold and cough preparations, and as an NMDA blocker used to treat pseudobulbar affect.


DM

DM (countable and uncountable, plural DMs)

(pharmacology) Abbreviation of dextromethorphan; also DXM.


tranquilizer

tranquilizers (plural)
tranquiliser (alternative)
tranquilliser (mainly UK) (alternative)
tranquillizer (mainly US) (alternative)

(pharmacology) A drug used to reduce anxiety or tension.

(loosely) A gun that fires sedative darts.


tet

tet (countable and uncountable, plural tets)

I was on oral tet for months after I was first dx backn in '88. All I got from it was a very, very nasty and upset GI track. I had to stop it.

1996 May 1, phyllis....@den.mmc.com, “Re: Tetracycline”, in sci.med.diseases.lyme (Usenet):

(informal, pharmacology) Clipping of tetracycline.


sedative

Inherited from Middle English sedatif, from Anglo-Norman sedatif, from Medieval Latin sēdātīvus, which itself likely influenced the modern spelling.

(pharmacology) An agent or drug that sedates, having a calming or soothing effect, or inducing sleep.


sedative

en-adj

sedative (comparative more sedative, superlative most sedative)

more sedative (comparative)
most sedative (superlative)

(pharmacology) Calming, soothing, inducing sleep, tranquilizing

успокоителен

calming, soothing, inducing sleep, tranquilizing


analgesic

analgesics (plural)
antalgesic (alternative)

From analgesia (“absence of pain”) + -ic, from New Latin, from Ancient Greek ἀν- (an-, “without”) + ἄλγησις (álgēsis, “sense of pain”), from ἄλγος (álgos, “pain”).

I am taking an analgesic. Is it safe to drink alcoholic beverages?

2004, Jocoby, David B. and Youngson, R. M., Encyclopedia of Family Health, Marshall Cavendish, page 137:

2010, Associated Press staff, Cadence signs option to buy Incline (original copy), Bloomberg Businessweek

Incline makes Ionsys, a potential analgesic for adult inpatients requiring opioid pain treatment after surgery.

(pharmacology) Any medicine, such as aspirin, that reduces pain, especially without inducing a loss of other sensation. (Contrast anesthetic.)


analgesic

analgesic (comparative more analgesic, superlative most analgesic)

more analgesic (comparative)
most analgesic (superlative)
antalgesic (alternative)

(pharmacology) Of or relating to analgesia; anodyne.

(of medicine) Acting to relieve pain; being an analgesic.

With the exception of the foot and a small area over the malar bone, the entire left side of the body is analgesic and anaesthetic. This extends to the exact median line of the body, including the left half of the tongue, nose and chin, […]

1896, Philadelphia General Hospital, Reports: Collected Reprints, page 138:

(I find that he is analgesic and anaesthetic; evidently he is in a state of passive somnambulism.)
E. A. Did you feel anybody touch you?
K. No. There's no one near me. (He continues laughing and talking. […])

1924, Maurice Walter Keatinge, Suggestion in Education:

Of or relating to analgesia; anodyne.
Unable to feel pain.


Tylenol

(Canada, US, pharmacology) A brand of acetaminophen (“paracetamol”)


racephedrine

(pharmacology) Synthetic ephedrine, being a racemate of the R- and S- forms.


active ingredient

en-noun

active ingredient (plural active ingredients)

(pharmacology) The specific compound in a natural or man-made mixture that is responsible for the mixture's activity.


thalidomide

thalidomide (countable and uncountable, plural thalidomides)

thalidomides (plural)
phthalidomide (alternative)

/θəˈlɪdəˌmaɪd/

From (ph)thal(ic acid) + (im)ido + (i)mide.

I have tried all the medium and short acting non-barbiturate sedatives since the war (including thalidomide) but they don’t work and I don’t trust the newfangled long acting, “safe” analgesics.

1988, E[dward] J[ames] Moran Campbell, Not Always on the Level, [London]: British Medical Journal, →ISBN, page 194:

I can't stand to see your thalidomide robot face

2001, “Left Behind”, performed by Slipknot:

(pharmacology) A drug sold during the late 1950s and early 1960s as a sleeping aid, and to pregnant women as an antiemetic to combat morning sickness and other symptoms, but withdrawn as causing severe birth defects, such as phocomelia; currently used to treat leprosy.


febrifuge

From French fébrifuge, from Latin febrifugus. Doublet of feverfew. Source of -fuge.

...therein it differs not from the mode of operation, which we observe in the famous peruvian febrifuge.

1734, William Stukeley, Of the Gout, J. Roberts, page 19:

Ah, my boy, you forget the card index! Librarians invented that soothing device for the febrifuge of their souls...

1919, Christopher Morley, The Haunted Bookshop, New York, N.Y.: Grosset & Dunlap Publishers, →OCLC, page 20:

And, by goodness, the door was ajar into the hall, for Constance had slipped out to the nearest pharmacy in search of a febrifuge for her fever-bound lover.

1983, Lawrence Durrell, Sebastian (Avignon Quintet), Faber & Faber, published 2004, page 1131:

(pharmacology) Synonym of antipyretic (“a fever-reducing medication”)


antipyretic

/ˌæntɪpaɪˈɹɛtɪk/

The antipyretic action of AVP is limited mainly to its action in a precise location in the ventral septum, though there is some evidence for a similar action in the medial amygdala.

1999, Otto Appenzeller, The Autonomic Nervous System, →ISBN, page 486:

Hailed as a general remedy against fevers, it spurred hot debate among seventeenth-century medical professionals, especially in England. The bark, which includes among other active ingredients quinine, has a mild antipyretic effect and a far stronger impact in cases of malaria.

2001, Margaret Humphreys, Malaria: Poverty, Race, and Public Health in the United States:


antipyretic

/ˌæntɪpaɪˈɹɛtɪk/

(pharmacology) A medicine that reduces fever; a febrifuge.


-caine

From German -kain, extracted from the word Kokain (“cocaine”), because cocaine was formerly used as a local anaesthetic.

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) A synthetic alkaloid used as a local anesthetic.

-caïne

a synthetic alkaloid used as a local anesthetic


tramadol

From trama (“fleshy portion of a basidiocarp”) + -adol (“analgesic”).

af

A nod from Rhona as she popped two tramadol and lay down on the couch again.

2021, Jenni Fagan, Luckenbooth, William Heinemann, page 247:

(pharmacology) A synthetic opioid analgesic administered orally in the form of its hydrochloride C₁₆H₂₅NO₂·HCl to treat moderate to severe pain.


arsphenamine

en-noun

arsphenamine (countable and uncountable, plural arsphenamines)

2001: The 606th compound was one that contained arsenic and was called arsphenamine. — Leslie Iversen, Drugs: A Very Short Introduction (Oxford 2001, p. 9)

(pharmacology, organic chemistry) A phenolic amine derivative of arsenic that was used to treat syphilis (under the trade name of Salvarsan).

arsfenamina

a phenolic amine derivative of arsenic that was used to treat syphilis


cholestyramine

cholestyramine (countable and uncountable, plural cholestyramines)

(pharmacology) The United States Adopted Name of colestyramine.


clomipramine

obsessive-compulsive disorder
obsessive-compulsive disorder

(pharmacology) A tricyclic, heterocyclic drug used to treat depression, anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorder.


desipramine

desipramine (countable and uncountable, plural desipramines)

(pharmacology) A tricyclic antidepressant C₁₈H₂₂N₂.


dextroamphetamine

dextroamphetamine (countable and uncountable, plural dextroamphetamines)

dextroamphetamines (plural)
d-amphetamine (alternative)
dextroamfetamine (alternative)

central nervous system
central nervous system

(pharmacology) One of the stereoisomers of amphetamine, with the chemical formula C₉H₁₃N, that is used to stimulate the central nervous system.


ergotamine

ergotamine (countable and uncountable, plural ergotamines)

/ɜːˈɡɒtəmiːn/

Borrowed from German Ergotamin, corresponding to ergot + -amine.

(organic chemistry, biochemistry, pharmacology) An alkaloid, extracted from ergot, that causes constriction of blood vessels and has been used to treat migraine; it is related to lysergic acid.


painkiller

painkillers (plural)
pain killer (alternative)

While taking one pill and dying is rare, dying accidentally after using painkillers inappropriately is common. […] The prescription painkiller Emily Jackson took is a respiratory depressant that slows breathing. That in combination with the alcohol, another respiratory depressant, overwhelmed her brain, which stopped giving her heart and lungs the signal to keep functioning.

2012 November 15, Maxwell Newfield, “Prescription drug deaths: Two stories”, in CNN:

(pharmacology) A drug that numbs the pain in the body.


hyoscyamine

From Latin hyoscyamus (“henbane”) + -ine.

(biochemistry, pharmacology) A poisonous alkaloid present in henbane that is the stereoisomer of atropine, with similar properties to hyoscine, and used medicinally to treat abdominal pain and similar conditions.


imipramine

imipramine (countable and uncountable, plural imipramines)

(pharmacology) A synthetic compound (trademark Tofranil) used to treat depression.


methenamine

methenamine (countable and uncountable, plural methenamines)

methenamines (plural)
urotropin (alternative)
urotropine (alternative)

(pharmacology) The compound hexamethylenetetramine when used as a urinary antiseptic.


penicillamine

penicillamine (countable and uncountable, plural penicillamines)

rheumatoid arthritis
rheumatoid arthritis

(biochemistry, pharmacology) A crystalline, sulfur-containing amino acid produced by the hydrolysis of penicillins, used pharmacologically as a chelating agent to remove heavy metals such as copper from the body, and as an anti-inflammatory agent, especially for rheumatoid arthritis; 2-amino-3-methyl-3-mercaptobutanoic acid, (CH₃)₂C(SH)CH(NH₂)COOH.


phenoxybenzamine

(pharmacology) A drug that blocks the activity of alpha-receptors and is used in the form of its hydrochloride C₁₈H₂₂ClNO·HCl especially to treat hypertension and sweating due to pheochromocytoma.


phentolamine

phentolamine (usually uncountable, plural phentolamines)

(pharmacology) A synthetic compound used as a vasodilator, especially in certain cases of hypertension.


phenylpropanolamine

phenylpropanolamine (countable and uncountable, plural phenylpropanolamines)

Oxymetazoline or phenylpropanolamine / to open up the sinuses and such / Then try to recoup with a little chicken soup / Call your mother cause it pays to keep in touch

1997, “The Druggist”, Joel Mabus (music):

(pharmacology) An adrenergic drug used to relieve allergic reactions, to treat respiratory infections and to suppress the appetite.


pyrimethamine

pyrimethamine (countable and uncountable, plural pyrimethamines)

/ˌpɪɹ.ɪˈmɛθ.əˌmin/

(pharmacology) A synthetic compound derived from pyrimidine, acting as a folic acid antagonist and used in the chemoprophylaxis or treatment of malaria and in the treatment of toxoplasmosis.


scopolamine

scopolamine (countable and uncountable, plural scopolamines)

Borrowed from German Skopolamin, from translingual Scopolia (“genus of plants”) + German Amin (“amine”).

af

I had been shot full of dope to keep me quiet. Perhaps scopolamine too, to make me talk.

1940, Raymond Chandler, Farewell, My Lovely, Penguin, published 2010, page 176:

The Incas had herbs for headaches and other pains; and they used scopolamine, a poison from the datura plant, as an anaesthetic.

1997, Roy Porter, The Greatest Benefit to Mankind, Folio Society, published 2016, page 159:

Scopolamine is a nonselective muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) antagonist with potentially selective inhibitory actions on muscarinic subtypes 1 and 2 (M1 and M2). Unlike ketamine, esketamine, and nitrous oxide, scopolamine directly affects the cholinergic pathway but does not directly modulate the glutamatergic pathway.

2019, Madhukar H. Trivedi, editor, Depression, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 228:

(pharmacology) A poisonous alkaloid C₁₇H₂₁NO₄ similar to atropine that is found in various solanaceous plants and is used for its anticholinergic effects (such as preventing nausea in motion sickness and inducing mydriasis).


sibutramine

(pharmacology) A synthetic drug used to suppress appetite in the treatment of obesity.


thiabendazole

thiabendazoles (plural)
TBZ (abbreviation)

/ˌθʌɪ.əˈbɛn.də.zəʊl/

(medicine, pharmacology) A synthetic compound with anthelmintic properties, derived from thiazole and used chiefly to treat infestation with intestinal nematodes.


natamycin

From translingual nata(lensis) + -mycin (“antibiotic”).

(pharmacology) An antifungal drug from Streptomyces natalensis, used to treat ophthalmic infections, and as a food preservative.


corticosteroid

Wúràọlá’s first patient was a man who had not noticed any significant improvement after a regimen of corticosteroids had been prescribed for his spondylosis.

2023, Ayọ̀bámi Adébáyọ̀, A Spell of Good Things, Canongate Books, page 209:

(biochemistry, pharmacology) Any of several synthetic hormones of related structure.


butyrophenone

(pharmacology) Any of a class of antipsychotic drugs (such as haloperidol) used especially in the treatment of schizophrenia.


cortisone

en-noun

cortisone (countable and uncountable, plural cortisones)

(biochemistry, steroids, pharmacology) A corticosteroid hormone, closely related to corticosterone, produced by the adrenal cortex. One of the glucocorticoids, it is also made synthetically for use as an anti-inflammatory and antiallergy agent. 17-hydroxy-11-dehydrocorticosterone, with formula C₂₁H₂₈O₅.


cyproterone

cyproterone (countable and uncountable, plural cyproterones)

(pharmacology) A synthetic steroid C₂₂H₂₇ClO₃ that inhibits the action and secretion of testosterone by blocking the activity of androgen receptors.


antiandrogen

(biochemistry, pharmacology) Any substance that inhibits the release or the biological effects of an androgen.

抗雄激素

any substance that inhibits the release or biological effects of an androgen


estrone

estrone (countable and uncountable, plural estrones)

estrones (plural)
oestrone (alternative)

(American spelling, biochemistry, steroids, pharmacology) A natural estrogenic hormone that is a ketone C₁₈H₂₂O₂ found in the body chiefly as a metabolite of and less potent than estradiol, that is also secreted especially by the ovaries, and that is used to treat various conditions (such as ovarian failure and menopausal symptoms) relating to estrogen deficiency.


fludrocortisone

(pharmacology) A potent mineralocorticoid drug that is derived from hydrocortisone, possesses some glucocorticoid activity, and is administered in the form of its acetate C₂₃H₃₁FO₆ to treat adrenocortical insufficiency.


nalidixic acid

From na(phtha)l(ene) + (pyr)idi(ne) + (carbo)x(yl)ic acid.

af

(pharmacology) A synthetic quinolone antibacterial which inhibits the multiplication of bacteria, used to treat genitourinary infections.


broad-spectrum antibiotic

en-noun

broad-spectrum antibiotic (plural broad-spectrum antibiotics)

(pharmacology) Any antibiotic that is active against a wide range of bacteria, especially against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.


hydrocortisone

hydrocortisone (countable and uncountable, plural hydrocortisones)

(pharmacology) Name used for cortisol, a glucocorticoid steroid hormone, when used as a medication. Used to treat e.g. inflammation resulting from rheumatism and eczema.


menadione

menadione (countable and uncountable, plural menadiones)

/ˌmɛn.əˈdʌɪ.əʊn/

(pharmacology) A synthetic yellow compound C₁₁H₈O₂ with the biological activity of natural vitamin K menaquinone, used to treat hemorrhage.


phenobarbitone

phenobarbitone (countable and uncountable, plural phenobarbitones)

(pharmacology) A barbiturate drug used as a sedative.


phenylbutazone

phenylbutazone (countable and uncountable, plural phenylbutazones)

(pharmacology) An anti-inflammatory and analgesic drug used to treat arthritis and gout.


prednisolone

prednisolone (countable and uncountable, plural prednisolones)

(pharmacology) A synthetic glucocorticoid C₂₁H₂₈O₅ that is a dehydrogenated analog of cortisol and is used especially as an anti-inflammatory drug.


prednisone

prednisone (countable and uncountable, plural prednisones)

From pre(gnane) + d(ie)ne + (cort)isone.

(pharmacology) A glucocorticoid C₂₁H₂₆O₅ that is a dehydrogenated analog of cortisone, used to relieve rheumatic and allergic conditions and to treat leukemia.


trimethadione

trimethadione (usually uncountable, plural trimethadiones)

(pharmacology) An anticonvulsant drug used to control epilepsy.


antispastic

(pharmacology) That prevents or diminishes spasms; antispasmodic.


antispastic

(pharmacology) A substance that prevents or diminishes spasms.


clarithromycin

/kləˌɹɪθ.ɹəʊˈmʌɪ.sɪn/

/kləˌɹɪθ.ɹəˈmaɪ.sn̩/

(pharmacology) A semisynthetic macrolide antibiotic C₃₈H₆₉NO₁₃ (trademarks Biaxin, Klaricid) used especially in the treatment of various mild to moderate bacterial infections.


methadone

methadone (countable and uncountable, plural methadones)

From (di)meth(yl)a(mino) + d(iphenyl) + (heptan)one.

af

But methadone is a dangerous drug. If taken orally by a nonaddict, it can cause euphoria or even death.

1971 March 19, Richard Severo, “Addiction: Chemistry Is the New Hope, but Degree of Its Effectiveness Is Still Disputed”, in The New York Times:

(pharmacology) A powerful synthetic analgesic drug which is similar to morphine in its effects but less sedative and is used as a substitute drug in the treatment of morphine and heroin addiction.


otalgic

(pathology, pharmacology) Of or pertaining to otalgia.


ampicillin

en-noun

ampicillin (countable and uncountable, plural ampicillins)

(pharmacology) A semisynthetic form of penicillin C₁₆H₁₉N₃O₄S that is effective against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria and is used to treat infections of the urinary, respiratory, and intestinal tracts.


Quaalude

Supposedly a blend of quiet + Maalox + interlude.

(pharmacology) A proprietary name for methaqualone.


oxycodone

They ingest Ambien, Seroquel, LSD, Adderall, Oxycodone, cocaine, Flexeril, Percocet, psilocybin mushrooms and codeine.

2013 June 4, Dwight Garner, “A Literary Mind, Under the Spell of Drugs and a MacBook”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) An addictive, semisynthetic opioid (trademark OxyContin) that is similar to morphine in effect and structure; C₁₈H₂₁NO₄.


pyritinol

(pharmacology) A nootropic drug whose structure is that of a disulfane derived from pyridoxine.


nootropic

/ˌnoʊəˈtɹɑːpɪk/

Coined by Romanian psychologist and chemist Corneliu E. Giurgea in 1972, derived from the Ancient Greek words νόος (nóos, “mind”) and τροπέω (tropéō, “to turn”). Equivalent to noos + -tropic, literally “mind changing”.

suf

(pharmacology) A drug that enhances learning and memory and lacks the usual pharmacology of other psychotropic drugs (e.g. sedation, motor stimulation) and possesses very few side effects and extremely low toxicity.


pilocarpine

en-noun

pilocarpine (countable and uncountable, plural pilocarpines)

From translingual Pilocarpus (“genus name”) + -ine.

af

(biochemistry, pharmacology) A miotic alkaloid C₁₁H₁₆N₂O₂ obtained from jaborandi that is used chiefly in the form of its hydrochloride or nitrate especially in the treatment of glaucoma.


pharmacologically

/ˌfɑɹməkəˈlɒd͡ʒɪkəli/

(pharmacology) In a pharmacological manner; with regard to pharmacology.


pharmacologic

/ˌfɑɹməkəˈlɒd͡ʒɪk/


allo-

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-allo-.wav

From Ancient Greek ἄλλος (állos, “other”), from Proto-Hellenic *áľľos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂élyos (English else).

alloprotein is a synthetic protein (especially one that contains an amino acid that is not found in nature), allopurinol is a synthetic drug which inhibits uric acid formation

Different, distinct, or other with respect to the root.

(chemistry, pharmacology) Synthetic, artificial.


Rohypnol

From the F. Hoffmann-La Roche brand name for flunitrazepam, a blend of Roche + hypno- + -ol.

Rohypnol like a chloroform / Sugar from the day you are born / Washed out like a dinosaur

2003, “Brothers and Sisters”, in Think Tank, performed by Blur:

Moss: [sniff] Why are you drinking rohypnol, Jen? Flunitrazepam, histomet... Yep, that's definitely rohypnol. Are you having problems with insomnia or?

2007 September 28, Graham Linehan, The IT Crowd, Season 2, Episode 6

(pharmacology) Flunitrazepam, a powerful sedative sometimes used as a date rape drug.


anthelmintic

en-adj

anthelmintic (comparative more anthelmintic, superlative most anthelmintic)

more anthelmintic (comparative)
most anthelmintic (superlative)
anthelminthic (alternative)
antihelminthic (alternative)
antihelmintic (alternative)

From ant- + helminth + -ic; the th in helminth has become t by dissimilation.

Research is progressing well on finding native plants with anthelmintic properties.

The parasites thrive in an environment of dirt, and the main lines of precaution are those dictated by sanitary science. Malefern, santonine, thymol and other anthelmintic remedies are prescribed.

1911, “Ankylostomiasis”, in Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition:

However, the lighter boiling constituents of tne oil are much less irritating and at the same time they are apparently more anthelmintic than the heavier fraction.

1918, American Society for Microbiology, Society of American Bacteriologists, Abstracts of Bacteriology, volume 2, page 262:

Our experiments indicate that this constituent is anthelmintic and also a gastrointestinal irritant, while the lighter portion of the oil is apparently even more anthelmintic and much less irritating.

1919, Experiment Station Record, volume 39, page 586:

(pharmacology) Destructive to parasitic worms.

հակաճիճվային

destructive to parasitic intestinal worms


Holy Trinity

holy Trinity (alternative)
holy trinity (alternative)

From Middle English holy Trinitee, a partial translation of earlier hali þrumnesse, haliʒ ðrymnesse (“holy trinity”, literally “holy threeness”), from Old English hālgu þrines. Equivalent to holy + Trinity.

(pharmacology, informal) The combination of an opioid, a benzodiazepine, and carisoprodol.


sulfonamide

sulfonamides (plural)
spelling (IUPAC US)
sulphonamide (alternative)

(pharmacology) Any of a group of antibiotics; a sulfa drug


sulphonamide

In the early 1930s, researchers in Germany produced a group of antibacterial drugs known as sulphonamides, but they didn’t always work well and often had serious side effects.

2019, Bill Bryson, The Body: A Guide for Occupants, Black Swan (2020), page 48:

(British spelling, pharmacology) Alternative spelling of sulfonamide


phenacetin

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-phenacetin.wav

(pharmacology) A specific antipyretic drug, also called acetophenetidin, with the formula C₁₀H₁₃NO₂.


Entonox

(pharmacology) A mixture of nitrous oxide and oxygen used as an analgesic, especially during labour.


oxy

en-noun

oxy (countable and uncountable, plural oxies)

One of the detectives, Sgt. Joseph Ballou, discovered that during a drug raid in 2012, Springfield cops had confiscated 51 oxycodone pills — the gold standard of prescription opioids. ¶ The oxies were turned over to Farak for analysis and she issued a certificate saying the pills were not illegal.

2017 July 2, Howie Carr, “Carr: Judge sees misconduct, AG sees none”, in Boston Herald:

(countable, uncountable, slang, pharmacology) Clipping of oxycodone, an opioid similar to heroin.


ciprofloxacin

From cy(clo)pro(pyl) + -floxacin (“nalidixic acid derivative”).

af

(pharmacology) A broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibiotic C₁₇H₁₈FN₃O₃ that is often administered in the form of its hydrochloride C₁₇H₁₈FN₃O₃·HCl and is effective especially against gram-negative bacteria.


acyclovir

en-noun

acyclovir (countable and uncountable, plural acyclovirs)

(pharmacology) US and UK spelling of aciclovir.


doxycycline

When his symptoms didnʼt improve, he was admitted to a local hospital and given doxycycline, a drug for tick-bite infections.

2019, Bill Bryson, The Body: A Guide for Occupants, Black Swan (2020), page 373:

broad-spectrum antibiotic
broad-spectrum antibiotic

(pharmacology) A broad-spectrum antibiotic C₂₂H₂₄N₂O₈ of the tetracycline class, which has a long half-life in the body and used orally to treat various bacterial infections.


psychotomimetic

(pharmacology) That induces a temporary state of altered perception and symptoms similar to those of psychosis (such as hallucinations).


psychotomimetic

(pharmacology) Any psychotomimetic drug, such as LSD.


anthracycline

(pharmacology) any of a class of antibiotic, chemotherapeutic agents used to treat cancer


GHB

(organic chemistry, biochemistry, pharmacology) Initialism of gamma-hydroxybutyrate, often used as a date rape drug.


pharmacologist

/ˌfɑɹməˈkɒləd͡ʒɪst/

From pharmacology + -ist.
*
 Audio (Southern England): (file)

(pharmacology) A student of pharmacology; one versed in the science of pharmacology.

farmakoloog

student of or one who is versed in pharmacology


kanamycin

kanamycin (countable and uncountable, plural kanamycins)

From (Streptomyces) kana(myceticus) + -mycin (“antibiotic produced from a Streptomyces strain”).

af

(pharmacology) A broad-spectrum aminoglycoside antibiotic from a Japanese soil streptomyces (Streptomyces kanamyceticus), used to treat severe bacterial infections and tuberculosis.


vitamin A acid

(organic chemistry, pharmacology, biochemistry) Synonym of retinoic acid


wig out

en-verb

wig out (third-person singular simple present wigs out, present participle wigging out, simple past and past participle wigged out)

wigs out (present singular third-person)
wigging out (participle present)
wigged out (participle past)
wigged out (past)

Compare freak out, etc., and flip one's wig.

(drugs, slang, intransitive) To behave in an extremely erratic or irrational manner; to lose one's mind.


levofloxacin

(pharmacology) A broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent (trademark Levaquin) that is the levorotatory isomer of ofloxacin.


loperamide

/ləʊˈpɛ.ɹə.mʌɪd/

From (ch)lo(ro)- + (pi)per(idine) + -amide.

(pharmacology) A synthetic antidiarrheal agent of the opiate class (trademark Imodium) that slows intestinal peristalsis and is taken orally in the form of its hydrochloride C₂₉H₃₃ClN₂O₂·HCl to control acute nonspecific diarrhea or chronic diarrhea associated with inflammatory bowel disease or to reduce fecal volume discharged from ileostomies.


pharmacopeial

(pharmacy, pharmacology) Of or pertaining to pharmacopeia.


USP

Initialism of United States Pharmacopeia.

(US, pharmacology) The United States Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc., a standard-setting authority that publishes USP-NF standards about pharmaceuticals and dietary supplements.

(US, pharmacology) The United States Pharmacopeia, the published standards.


USP

Clarithromycin Tablets, USP

(US, pharmacology, postpositive, used after a drug's name) Adhering to the standards of the United States Pharmacopeia.


USP

(US, pharmacology) Ellipsis of USP unit.


salmeterol

Probably from sal(butamol) + [Term?] + -terol (“phenethylamine derivative”).

af

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

(pharmacology) A bronchodilator administered by oral inhalation in the form of a salt C₂₅H₃₇NO₄·C₁₁H₈O₃ to treat bronchospasm associated especially with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. It acts as an agonist, binding to beta-receptors that mediate the relaxation of bronchial muscles.


LABA

(pharmacology) Initialism of long-acting beta-adrenoceptor agonist, a drug class used in the treatment of respiratory diseases.


rock up

en-verb

rock up (third-person singular simple present rocks up, present participle rocking up, simple past and past participle rocked up)

rocks up (present singular third-person)
rocking up (participle present)
rocked up (participle past)
rocked up (past)

(slang, drugs) To turn powder cocaine into crack cocaine by cooking.


furosemide

en-noun

furosemide (countable and uncountable, plural furosemides)

furosemides (plural)
frusemide (alternative)

Probably from fur(yl) + -o- + -semide (“alteration of s(ulfon)amide”).

af

congestive heart failure
congestive heart failure

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) A diuretic (trademark Lasix) used in the treatment of congestive heart failure and edema.


sulpha

(pharmacology) Of or containing sulphanilamide.


sulfa-

(pharmacology) Used to form names of sulfonamides used as antiinfectives.


sulpiride

From sul(famoyl) + pyr(rolidinyl) + (benzam)ide.

(pharmacology) A drug used mainly in the treatment of psychosis.


mimetic

mimetics (plural)
mimetick (alternative)

From Ancient Greek μῑμητικός (mīmētikós, “imitative”).

der

caloric restriction mimetic

exercise mimetic

serotonin mimetic

(pharmacology) A substance with similar pharmacological effects as another substance or as a lifestyle intervention such as diet or exercise.


psychopharmacology

(pharmacology) The branch of pharmacology which pertains to the psychoactive aspects of drugs.


hydrocodone

en-noun

hydrocodone (countable and uncountable, plural hydrocodones)

(pharmacology) A habit-forming compound that is derived from codeine and is administered in the form of its bitartrate C₁₈H₂₁NO₃·C₄H₆O₆ usually in combination with other drugs (as acetaminophen) as an analgesic or antitussive.


excipient

Borrowed from Latin excipiēns, present participle of excipiō. See except.

(pharmacy, pharmacology) An ingredient that is intentionally added to a drug for purposes other than the therapeutic or diagnostic effect at the intended dosage.

excipient

Drug additive without therapeutic or diagnostic effect


pharmacophore

(pharmacology) The molecular framework responsible for a drug's biological activity


anhidrotic

(pharmacology) A substance that prevents sweating


potass

The carbonate and bi-carbonate of potass are both decomposed by lime.

1825, John Ayrton Paris, The Elements of Medical Chemistry, page 431:


acetylcholine chloride

(pharmacology) A parasympathomimetic drug that is rapidly broken down in the body, used for cataract surgery.


parasympathomimetic

parasympathetic nervous system
parasympathetic nervous system

(pharmacology) Acting by stimulating the parasympathetic nervous system.

parasympathicomimétique

acting by stimulating the parasympathetic nervous system


parasympathomimetic

parasympathomimetics (plural)
parasympathicomimetic (alternative)

(pharmacology) A parasympathomimetic drug.


phenolphthalein

phenolphthalein (countable and uncountable, plural phenolphthaleins)

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) A white or yellowish-white crystalline compound C₂₀H₁₄O₄ used in medicine as a laxative and in analysis as an indicator because its solution is brilliant red in alkalies and is decolorized by acids.


mydriatic

mydriatics (plural)
mydriatric (alternative)

(pharmacology) A drug that causes mydriasis.


vasoconstrictor

“Anyone have any nasal spray?” I asked. “Afrin specifically?” Afrin is basically neosynephrine, a potent vasoconstrictor, and would be ideal to put on a tissue stuffed deeply in the nose.

2019 November 16, Jay Wellons, “The Danger of Traveling Light”, in New York Times:

(pharmacology) Any substance that causes vasoconstriction.


fen-phen

Blend of fenfluramine + phentermine, from the initial syllables of the two drugs.

phen-fen (alternative)
fen/phen (alternative)
phen/fen (alternative)

It is hard to recall the last time a drug so excited the general public. Fen-phen in the 1990s, maybe? Viagra or Botox in the 2000s? Each had amazing hype cycles but none as explosive as Ozempic.

2023 October 9, Tressie McMillan Cottom, “Ozempic Can’t Fix What Our Culture Has Broken”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

(pharmacology, medicine) A combination of the drugs fenfluramine and phentermine, formerly prescribed for weight loss.


paroxetine

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor

(pharmacology) An antidepressant that is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor and is also used for the treatment of anxiety disorders.


ipecac

ipecac (countable and uncountable, plural ipecacs)

ipecacs (plural)
ipecacuanha (alternative)

Contraction of ipecacuanha, from Portuguese ipecacuanha, from Old Tupi ypekakûãîa, from ypeka (“duck”) + akûãîa (“penis”).

(pharmacology) An emetic and expectorant drug that contains emetine and is prepared from ipecac especially as a syrup for use in treating accidental poisoning.


pharmacopeic

(American spelling, pharmacology, pharmacy) Alternative spelling of pharmacopoeic


ephedrine

ephedrine (countable and uncountable, plural ephedrines)

The great advantage of ephedrine is its effectiveness if taken as a pill, whereas adrenaline works only if injected or inhaled.

2003, Samuel H. Barondes, chapter 5, in Better than Prozac, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 63:

(biochemistry, pharmacology) A crystalline alkaloid drug C₁₀H₁₅NO obtained from a Chinese ephedra (Ephedra sinica) or synthesized that has the physiological action of epinephrine. It causes constriction of the blood vessels and widening of the bronchial passages and is used in the form of its hydrochloride or sulfate to relieve asthma and hay fever.


cannabidiol

cannabidiols (plural)
as CBD (abbreviation)

Coordinate term: tetrahydrocannabinol

We’re aware of the growing public interest in cannabis and cannabis-derived products, including cannabidiol (CBD). This increasing public interest in these products makes it even more important with the passage of this law for the FDA to clarify its regulatory authority over these products.

2018 December 20, U.S. Food, Drug Administration, “Statement from FDA Commissioner Scott Gottlieb, M.D., on signing of the Agriculture Improvement Act and the agency’s regulation of products containing cannabis and cannabis-derived compounds”, in fda.gov:

Cannabis sativa
Cannabis sativa#Translingual

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) A nonintoxicating cannabinoid found in the hemp plant Cannabis sativa.


phencyclidine

phencyclidine (countable and uncountable, plural phencyclidines)

(pharmacology) A synthetic compound derived from piperidine, used as a veterinary anesthetic and in hallucinogenic drugs such as angel dust.

fensyklidiini

veterinary anesthetic, used illegally in humans as a hallucinogen


warfarin

warfarin (countable and uncountable, plural warfarins)

From Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation + (coum)arin.

af

(pharmacology) A coumarin salt, warfarin sodium, found in certain clovers, that retards blood coagulation:

Manufactured as a pharmaceutical drug and used in low dosage, with regular monitoring, for the prevention of thrombosis and embolism.

Manufactured as a chemical, used in high dosage as a pesticide.

In the case of pathological hypercoagulative conditions such as thrombosis and embolism, 4-hydroxycoumarin based oral anticoagulants, including warfarin as a well-known example, are administered to block the enzymatic function of VKORC1, effectively diminishing turnover of the vitamin K cycle.

2015 July 29, Carville G. Bevans et al., “Phylogeny of the Vitamin K 2,3-Epoxide Reductase (VKOR) Family and Evolutionary Relationship to the Disulfide Bond Formation Protein B (DsbB) Family”, in Nutrients, volume 7, →DOI:


salbutamol

From sal- (“salicylic acid derivative”) + but(yl)am(ino) + -ol.

The blue inhaler contained a medication called salbutamol, which was only ever to be used when you felt wheezy or short of breath.

2020, Dr Amir Khan, The Doctor Will See You Now, Ebury Press (2021), page 236:

(pharmacology) A synthetic beta-agonist bronchodilator related to aspirin, administered in the form of its sulfate (C₁₃H₂₁NO₃)₂·H₂SO₄ as an inhalational aerosol or as a tablet to treat bronchospasm associated especially with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. It is marketed under the trademarks Combivent, Proventil and Ventolin.


albuterol

From (s)al(icylic acid) + -buterol (“phenethylamine derivative”).


INN

(pharmacology) Initialism of international nonproprietary name.


salbutamol sulphate

(pharmacology) The sulphate salt form of salbutamol used in the treatment of asthma via inhalation.


PCN

en-noun

PCN (countable and uncountable, plural PCNs)

(pharmacology) Abbreviation of penicillin.


FDC

(pharmacology) Initialism of fixed-dose combination.


non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug

non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (plural non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs)

non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (plural)

(pharmacology) Alternative spelling of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug


pharmacokinetics

(pharmacology) A branch of pharmacology concerned with the rate at which drugs are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and eliminated by the body.

Physiologic-based pharmocokinetic models are sometimes used to describe pharmocokinetics in laboratory animals, but they are seldom used to describe the pharmocokinetics of drugs used in humans.

2015, Thorsteinn Loftsson, Essential Pharmacokinetics: A Primer for Pharmaceutical Scientists, Academic Press, →ISBN, page 6:

(pharmacology) The particular rates at which drugs are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and eliminated by the body.


OxyContin

OxyContins (plural)
oxycontin (alternative)

In his view, there is not much moral difference between the Sacklers, the enormously wealthy, extremely philanthropic family who made their money getting people addicted to OxyContin; Bill Clinton, who adopted MarketWorld’s beliefs during his presidency and in his work afterward; and others who have done nothing so obviously huge or harmful, but who aren’t willing to go radical, either.

2018 September 28, Bethany McLean, “Beware thought leaders and the wealthy purveying answers to our social ills”, in The Washington Post:

(pharmacology) A brand name for a controlled-release form of oxycodone, a synthetic analgesic drug.


calcitonin

calcitonin (countable and uncountable, plural calcitonins)

calcitonins (plural)
thyrocalcitonin (alternative)

(pharmacology) A synthetic or recombinant form of calcitonin used to treat Paget disease of bone and postmenopausal osteoporosis.


drug of choice

(medicine, pharmacology) The best-choice medication designed to treat a particular medical problem.


haloperidol

haloperidol (countable and uncountable, plural haloperidols)

(pharmacology) A synthetic antidepressant drug used chiefly in the treatment of psychotic conditions.


neuroleptic

Borrowed from French neuroleptique, coined by Jean Delay and Pierre Deniker in 1955. Constructed from Ancient Greek νεῦρον (neûron, “neuron”) and λῆψις (lêpsis), noun form of λαμβάνω (lambánō, “take hold of”).

The time has come, therefore, to establish some definite criteria for the new drugs that Delay called neuroleptics, of which chlorpromazine and reserpine are the primary ones, although chemically different.

1956, Journal of Clinical and Experimental Psychopathology & Quarterly Review of Psychiatry and Neurology, volume 17, page 383:

Neuroleptics, the first psychopharmacological treatments reported to be effective in adults, were interpreted as potent antianxiety drugs giving rise to the term "major tranquilizer" that was popular in the United States until the early 1970s and were also used to treat anxiety symptoms in children (as were other agents, including psychostimulants and antihistamintes).

1990, N. Sartorius, Anxiety: Psychobiological and Clinical Perspectives, page 259:

Thus initially neuroleptics may increase DA turnover and possibly even its action depending on the degree of postsynaptic block.

2001, Roy Webster, Neurotransmitters, Drugs and Brain Function, page 359:


neuroleptic

By mouth in doses of 2 to 3 grains, combined with neuroleptic drugs, it has enabled us to bring about a certain number of improvements in chronic schizophrenics.

1959, Psychopharmacology frontiers : proceedings of the pyschopharmacology symposium, page 131:

The mechanisms underlying the appearance of the parkinson-like symptoms during neuroleptic treatments are not ascertained.

1965, Horizons in Neuropsychopharmacology, page 121:

The neuroleptic drugs, and especially the phenothiazines, interact with a number of neurotransmitter systems in the brain and these actions can account for many of the pharmacological properties of the drugs.

2014, Philip B. Bradley, Introduction to Neuropharmacology, page 212:

(pharmacology) Having antipsychotic properties.

успокояващ

pharmacology: having antipsychotic properties


calcium channel blocker

calcium channel blocker (plural calcium channel blockers)

(pharmacology) A class of drug used to treat hypertension and also angina and arrhythmia.


immunostimulant

(immunology, pharmacology) Any substance that stimulates an immune response.


immunostimulant

en-adj

immunostimulant (comparative more immunostimulant, superlative most immunostimulant)

more immunostimulant (comparative)
most immunostimulant (superlative)

(immunology, pharmacology) That stimulates an immune response.


orally disintegrating tablet

en-noun

orally disintegrating tablet (plural orally disintegrating tablets)

(pharmacology) A pill designed to disintegrate in the mouth.


trastuzumab

From [Term?] + -tu- (“tumor”) + -zumab (“humanized monoclonal antibody”).

af

(pharmacology) A drug used in the treatment of breast cancer which targets the HER-2 oncogene.


domperidone

From [Term?] + -peridone (“risperidone derivative”).

A new word was introduced recently into English — undigestion. This simply refers to a lack of movement of food in the stomach and small intestine and responds to treatment with domperidone.

2000, Trevor Stone, L. Gail Darlington, Pills, Potions and Poisons : How Drugs Work:

(pharmacology) An antidopaminergic drug used to suppress nausea and vomiting.


pharmacodynamics

(pharmacology) The branch of pharmacology that studies the effects and modes of action of drugs upon the body.


pharmacodynamic

The pharmacodynamic properties of drugs

(pharmacology) Of or pertaining to pharmacodynamics.


pharmacokinetic

/ˌfɑː(ɹ)məkəʊkɪˈnɛtɪk/

the pharmacokinetic properties of a drug

The method was acceptably validated and used to perform a pharmacokinetic study of anthraquinones after oral administration of R. acetosa in rats.

2019, Hye Suk Lee, Kwang-Hyeon Liu, editors, Drug Metabolism, Pharmacokinetics and Bioanalysis, MDPI, →ISBN, page 127:

(pharmacology) Of or relating to pharmacokinetics.


bioavailability

en-noun

bioavailability (countable and uncountable, plural bioavailabilities)

poor/low oral bioavailability

(biology, medicine) The extent to which a substance is molecularly available to cells and tissues in a living organism, which depends on factors such as solubility, pH level, and presence of enzymes and cofactors; for example, even if one's ingestion of vitamin B₁₂ is average/typical, one might nonetheless have B₁₂ deficiency if one has poor metabolism of this particular vitamin.

(pharmacology, nutrition) The amount of drug or nutrient which reaches the site of physiological activity after administration.

biosaatavuus

amount of drug which reaches the site of physiological activity after administration


d-amphetamine

(pharmacology) Alternative spelling of dextroamphetamine


-o-

Designated in the USAN guidelines for non-proprietary names of monoclonal antibodies.

(pharmacology) a monoclonal antibody derived from a murine source

-mab is the base suffix common to all monoclonal antibodies


cisplatin

cisplatin (countable and uncountable, plural cisplatins)

From cis- + -platin (“platinum derivative”).

BRCA1 sensitizes cells to apoptosis induced by antimicrotubulin agents like taxanes and vinca alkaloids and also abrogates the effect of DNA-damaging agents like cisplatin and etoposide [ 41 ].

2012 September 19, Alphy Rose-James, Sreelekha TT, “Molecular Markers with Predictive and Prognostic Relevance in Lung Cancer”, in Lung cancer international, volume 2012, →DOI:

(pharmacology, uncountable) A platinum-containing antineoplastic drug cis-diamminedichloro-platinum(II) (Cl₂H₆N₂Pt) that is cytotoxic and is used especially in the treatment of testicular and ovarian tumors and advanced bladder cancer.


cytisine

cytisine (countable and uncountable, plural cytisines)

(pharmacology) A polycyclic alkaloid whose pharmacological activity is similar to nicotine; used in the treatment of nicotinism.


radiopharmaceutical

(pharmacology) Any radioactive substance used as a pharmaceutical


phenobarbital

phenobarbital (countable and uncountable, plural phenobarbitals)

phenobarbitals (plural)
phenobarbitone (alternative)

(pharmacology) A narcotic and sedative barbiturate drug used chiefly to treat epilepsy.


flunitrazepam

From flu(oro)- + nitr- + -azepam. First use appears c. 1973 in the South African Medical Journal.

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) A short-acting benzodiazepine derivative with relatively long-lasting sedative effects, used as a hypnotic and as a premedication for anesthesia; 5-(2-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-1-methyl-7-nitro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one, C₁₆H₁₂FN₃O₃.


Roussel+UCLAF+486, from Usines Chimiques des Laboratoires Français. From French RU-486. From the codename RU-38486, the 38,486th compound synthesized by Roussel-Uclaf; then shortened to RU-486.


(pharmacology) A drug formulation containing the active agent mifepristone


mifepristone

Dutch: mifepriston

French: mifépristone

German: Mifepriston

Italian: mifepristone

Vietnamese: mifepristone

From (a)mi(no)phe(nyl) + pr(opargyl) + ist- (“alteration of (o)est(radiol)”) + -one.

af

Now a year later, as the courts consider the fate of mifepristone and abortion providers gird for the possibility of a miso-only protocol, Cristina says that she’s grateful she was able to end her unwanted pregnancy, although she knows not everyone has access to the same resources […]

2023 July 31, Sara Hutchinson, “Having an Abortion at Home? There’s a Hotline for That”, in Cosmopolitan:

(pharmacology) A steroid medication that inhibits the action of progesterone, typically given orally in combination with misoprostol in early pregnancy to induce abortion.

mifepriston

steroid medication used to induce abortion

-pris-

steroid compound acting on progesterone receptors


phylloquinone

en-noun

phylloquinone (countable and uncountable, plural phylloquinones)

From phyllo- (“leaf”) + (naphtho)quinone.

(biochemistry, pharmacology) Synonym of phytomenadione.


phytonadione

(biochemistry, pharmacology) Alternative form of phytomenadione.


phytomenadione

(biochemistry, pharmacology) A yellow oily naphthoquinone C₃₁H₄₆O₂ that is obtained especially from alfalfa, cabbage, spinach, and other leafy green vegetables or made synthetically and that has a fast, potent, and prolonged biological effect. It is essential for the blood-clotting process, effective orally, and useful especially in treating hypoprothrombinemia induced by anticoagulant drugs (trademark Mephyton).


menaquinone

(biochemistry, pharmacology) A pale yellow crystalline naphthoquinone C₄₁H₅₆O₂ that is obtained especially from putrefied fish meal and produced by bacteria in the large intestine and essential for the blood-clotting process. It is much more unsaturated than vitamin K₁ and slightly less active biologically, and is an isoprenoid derivative of menadione.


pharmacogenomics

In addition to the results of the cancer studies described above, studies of a large research cohort exposed to many kinds of therapies may provide early insights into pharmacogenomics — enabling the provision of the right drug at the right dose to the right patient.

2015 February 26, Francis S. Collins, Harold Varmus, “A New Initiative on Precision Medicine”, in The New England Journal of Medicine, volume 372, number 9, →DOI, page 795:

(pharmacology, genetics) The study of genes that code for enzymes that metabolize drugs, and the design of tailor-made drugs adapted to an individual's genetic make-up.


statin

From the suffix -statin, from terms such as lovastatin and simvastatin.

Among the latest are reports of the ability of several leading statins to reduce deaths from common cancers and blunt the decline of memory with age.

2020 September 21, Jane E. Brody, “For Older People, Reassuring News in the Statin Debate”, in New York Times:

(pharmacology) Any of a class of drugs (chiefly lactones or pyrroles) that lower the amount of cholesterol in the blood by inhibiting an enzyme involved in its biosynthesis.


pharmacogenetics

(pharmacology, genetics) The study of genetic variation that gives rise to differing responses to drugs.


selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (plural selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors)

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (plural)
SSRI (abbreviation)

The literature on the dug treatment of Separation Anxiety Disorder in children and adolescents contains several controlled trials of tricyclic antidepressants, a few open trials of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, and several studies of benzodiazepines including one controlled trial. Based on the review, the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors emerge as the most promising treatment.

1999, Selby Jacobs, Traumatic Grief, Taylor & Francis (Brunner/Mazel), page 62:

2006, Campion Quinn, 100 Questions & Answers about Autism, Jones & Bartlett Publishers, page 109,
Common types of treatment for depression include the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and the tricyclic antidepressants.

2016, Medical Therapies, entry in Harold L. Miller, Jr. (editor), The SAGE Encyclopedia of Theory in Psychology, SAGE Publications, page 537,
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors exert their initial antidepressant effects by inhibiting the transport of serotonin into the presynaptic neuron and thereby increasing synaptic concentrations of serotonin.

(pharmacology) Any of a class of drugs, such as fluoxetine or sertraline, that inhibit the uptake of serotonin in the central nervous system and are often used to treat certain mental illnesses, such as depression.

szelektív szerotoninvisszavétel-gátló

any of a class of drugs that inhibit the uptake of serotonin in the central nervous system

selektívnyj ingibítor obrátnovo zaxváta serotonína

селекти́вный ингиби́тор обра́тного захва́та серотони́на

inhibidor selectivo de la recaptación de serotonina


frusemide

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) Former BAN name of the drug furosemide.


Lasix

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) A brand of the drug furosemide.


sleeping pill

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-sleeping pill.wav

You are my favorite sleeping pill
The secret bending of my waking will.
You bring me peace, you bring me rest.
Your gentle presence leaves me blest.

1979 April 28, “Mousie Mousie Wildflower”, in Gay Community News, page 22:

It was a little past ten that night when his nurse, Sylvia of the Bedpans, came tiptoeing in with sleeping pills on a little tray and told him that his friend, Detective Leary, had just been delivered to the emergency room in a meat wagon.

2012, Thomas Gifford, Kiss Me Once, →ISBN:

(pharmacology) A pill or tablet having a soporific effect.


streptomycin

(pharmacology) An aminoglycoside and bactericidal antibiotic C₂₁H₃₉N₇O₁₂ that is produced by a soil actinomycete (Streptomyces griseus), is active against many bacteria, and is administered via intramuscular injection especially in the treatment of infections by gram-negative bacteria. It was the first drug to be successful against tuberculosis but is now chiefly used with other drugs because of its toxic side effects.


neurotoxic

en-adj

neurotoxic (comparative more neurotoxic, superlative most neurotoxic)

more neurotoxic (comparative)
most neurotoxic (superlative)

(toxicology, neuroscience, pharmacology) Having a toxic effect on nerve tissue.


vancomycin

From vanquish + -o- + -mycin (“antibiotic produced by a Streptomyces strain”).

af

Vancomycin was given intravenously in doses of 0.5 gm. at 6-hour intervals for periods of up to 4 weeks to 9 patients, all of whom had staphylococcal infections.

1956, J. Geraci, “Some Laboratory and Clinical Experiences with a New Antibiotic, Vancomycin”, in Proc. Staff, Meetings Mayo Clinic, volume 31, number 21, page 564:

(pharmacology) A glycopeptide antibiotic C₆₆H₇₅Cl₂N₉O₂₄ produced by the actinomycete Amycolaptosis orientalis, used in the form of its hydrochloride C₆₆H₇₅Cl₂N₉O₂₄·HCl against Gram-positive bacteria, especially staphylococci resistant to meticillin and enterococci.


benzocaine

en-noun

benzocaine (countable and uncountable, plural benzocaines)

From benzo(ate) + -caine (“local anesthetic”).

af

(pharmacology) A local anesthetic commonly used as a topical pain reliever.

對氨基苯甲酸乙酯 /对氨基苯甲酸乙酯

deoi³ on¹ gei¹ bun² gaap³ syun¹ jyut³ zi²


tretinoin

en-noun

tretinoin (usually uncountable, plural tretinoins)

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) The all-trans isomer of retinoic acid that is applied to the skin to treat severe acne and reduce facial wrinkles, roughness, and pigmented spots.


ATRA

all-trans retinoic acid
all-trans retinoic acid#English

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) Initialism of all-trans retinoic acid.


all-trans retinoic acid

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) Tretinoin.


atorvastatin

atorvastatin (usually uncountable, plural atorvastatins)

From ator- + -vastatin (“HMG CoA reductase inhibitor”). The prefix probably from Spanish atorar (“to clog”), wherein the verb suffix -ar was taken off. Thus, the role is "to inhibit the clogging (of cholesterol)".

af

Among statins, only simvastatin (up to 7.5 ng/L) and pravastatin (up to 40.4 ng/L) were identified in the raw water being these concentrations substantially higher than those found in the literature, 1 ng/L for pravastatin (Miao and Metcalfe, 2003) and 1.4 ng/L for atorvastatin and 1.0 ng/L for its metabolites o- and p-hydroxy atorvastatin in surface waters (Benotti et al., 2009). […] The last compound, gemfibrozil is the sole antilipidemic compound found (up to 3 ng/L) in a USA survey of 18 DWTPs whereas atorvastatin, simvastatin and their metabolites, the other studied compounds, were absent (Benotti et al., 2009). In our study, the two statins identified at the intake of the DWTP were eliminated by dioxychlorination (>99%) whereas bezafibrate, clofibric acid and gemfibrozil were only moderately removed with percentages of 37%, 68% and 11%, respectively although it has been reported that gemfibrozil and clofibric acid are readily oxidized with chlorine dioxide in spiked drinking water whereas bezafibrate remains unchanged (Huber et al., 2005a).

2011 June 27, Ma Rosa Boleda, Ma Teresa Galceran, Francesc Ventura, “Behavior of pharmaceuticals and drugs of abuse in a drinking water treatment plant (DWTP) using combined conventional and ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis (UF/RO) treatments”, in Environmental Pollution, volume 159, number 6, →DOI, pages 1584-1591:

(pharmacology) A statin used to lower the level of cholesterol in the blood. Trade names include Lipitor among others.


behind the counter

(idiomatic, pharmacology, medicine) Of drugs, dispensed by a pharmacist without needing a doctor's prescription or other form of compliance.


procaine

en-noun

procaine (countable and uncountable, plural procaines)

from pro- (“acting as a substitute or deputy of”) + -caine.

con

(pharmacology) A synthetic compound derived from benzoic acid, used as a local anesthetic, especially in dentistry.


opioid

Attested 1963; from opium + -oid, to distinguish from opiate.

鴉片劑 /鸦片剂

A substance that has effects similar to opium:

(pharmacology) Any of a group of synthetic compounds that exhibit similarities to the opium alkaloids that occur in nature.


calci-

calc- (alternative)
calcio- (alternative)
-calci- (alternative)

(pharmacology) Used to form names of vitamin D analogs/derivatives.


Demerol

‘She must of^([sic]) grabbed some pills. There's half a dozen kinds up there – even demerol.’

1953, Raymond Chandler, The Long Goodbye, Penguin, published 2010, page 307:

“Anyway, when he came out of Patsy's room, I grabbed him by the arm and said, ‘Gee whiz, doc, haven't you got a couple of pills for me—even demerol?’ ” / Willie broke off to explain. “That's a synthetic. We call them demmies. If you can't buy H or M, why, demmies will do the trick.”

1956, Jess Stearn, Sisters of the Night: The Startling Story of Prostitution in New York Today, New York: Julian Messner, Inc., page 59:

Gately doesn’t miss weed much. The shocker-type AA Miracle is he doesn’t much miss the Demerol, either, today.

1996, David Foster Wallace, Infinite Jest […], Boston, Mass., New York, N.Y.: Little, Brown and Company, →ISBN, page 361:

(pharmacology) A marketed brand of the drug pethidine.


pethidine

en-noun

pethidine (countable and uncountable, plural pethidines)

Inside was a clutter of prescription pads and a carton containing a collection of diamorphine syrettes and a dozen ampoules of pethidine.

2000, JG Ballard, Super-Cannes, Fourth Estate, published 2011, page 125:

(pharmacology) A synthetic compound used as a painkilling drug, especially for women in labor.


isonipecaine

(pharmacology) The opioid analgesic drug pethidine.


meperidine

meperidine (countable and uncountable, plural meperidines)

(pharmacology) The United States Adopted Name of pethidine.


diphenhydramine

diphenhydramine (countable and uncountable, plural diphenhydramines)

From diphen(yl) + (benz)hydr(yl) + -amine.

Diphenhydramine is a convenient and cheap antihistamine for use, but there are other drugs that do not make the user tired.

acetylcholine receptor
acetylcholine receptor

(pharmacology) An antihistamine and anticholinergic drug that blocks the effect of histamine at H₁ receptor sites, relieving allergy symptoms. It also reduces smooth muscle contraction, increases heart rate, and sedates the user by blocking muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs).


secobarbital

secobarbital (countable and uncountable, plural secobarbitals)

Blend of Seconal (trademark) + pentobarbital.

blend

(pharmacology) A barbiturate C₁₂H₁₈N₂O₃ that is used chiefly in the form of its bitter hygroscopic sodium salt as a hypnotic and sedative.


quinalbarbitone

From Latin quinque ‘five’ + allyl + barbitone.

(pharmacology) A sedative-hypnotic compound, 5-allyl-5-(1-methylbutyl)-barbituric acid, used to sedate patients before an operation.


antifungal

en-adj

antifungal (comparative more antifungal, superlative most antifungal)

more antifungal (comparative)
most antifungal (superlative)

(pharmacology) That inhibits the growth of fungi; antimycotic.


antifungal

(pharmacology) A drug that inhibits the growth of fungi.


pharmacopoeia

en-noun

pharmacopoeia (plural pharmacopoeias or pharmacopoeiae)

pharmacopoeias (plural)
pharmacopoeiae (plural)
pharmacopœia (alternative)
pharmacopeia (alternative)

/fɑːməkəˈpiːə/

From French pharmacopée and post-classical Latin pharmacopoeia, from Hellenistic Ancient Greek φαρμακοποιία (pharmakopoiía, “preparation of drugs”).

der

φαρμακοποιία

(pharmacology) An official book describing medicines or other pharmacological substances, especially their use, preparation, and regulation.


estradiol

en-noun

estradiol (countable and uncountable, plural estradiols)

estradiols (plural)
oestradiol (alternative)

/ˌɛ.stɹəˈdaɪˌɔl/

Gender-affirming hormone therapy may involve testosterone for trans people assigned female at birth (AFAB) and estradiol and anti-androgens for trans people AMAB.

2021, Jane Y. Xu, Michelle A. O’Connell, Lauren Notini, Ada S. Cheung, Sav Zwickl, Ken C. Pang, “Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators: A Potential Option For Non-Binary Gender-Affirming Hormonal Care?”, in Front Endocrinol, →DOI:

(American spelling, biochemistry, pharmacology) A natural estrogenic hormone that is a phenolic alcohol estra-1,3,5-triene-3,17-diol (C₁₈H₂₄O₂) secreted chiefly by the ovaries of all vertebrates, that is a major and the most potent of the naturally occurring estrogens; the semisynthetic esterified compound is used medicinally to treat estrogen deficiency and breast cancer.


ataraxic

en-adj

ataraxic (comparative more ataraxic, superlative most ataraxic)

more ataraxic (comparative)
most ataraxic (superlative)

/ˌætəˈɹæksɪk/


ataractic

ataractic (comparative more ataractic, superlative most ataractic)

more ataractic (comparative)
most ataractic (superlative)

From Ancient Greek ἀτάρακτος (atáraktos, “intrepid”), from ταράσσω (tarássō).

der

Later on he was treated by the same psychiatrist with ataractic drugs.

2013, Einar Kringlen, Heredity and Environment in the Functional Psychoses, Elsevier, →ISBN, page 180:

(pharmacology) That has a tranquilizing effect.


ataractic

(pharmacology) A drug that is used to tranquilize; a tranquilizer.


undecylenic acid

unsaturated fatty acid
unsaturated fatty acid

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) An organic unsaturated fatty acid derived from natural castor oil (ricinoleic acid). It has fungicidal properties and is used in the treatment of skin disorders, nail fungus etc.


10-undecenoic acid

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) The common name for undecylenic acid.


biophase

(pharmacology) The effect site of a drug


copper aspirinate

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) The cuprous salt of aspirin; it is used to treat rheumatoid arthritis


polypharmaceutical

en-adj

polypharmaceutical (comparative more polypharmaceutical, superlative most polypharmaceutical)

more polypharmaceutical (comparative)
most polypharmaceutical (superlative)


polypharmaceutical

(pharmacology) A preparation containing several drugs


amitriptyline

en-noun

amitriptyline (countable and uncountable, plural amitriptylines)

amitriptylines (plural)
amitryptiline (alternative)
amitryptyline (alternative)

‘They were in very low concentrations, only fifteen per cent of the total. The remaining eighty-five per cent was made up of a powerful tranquillizer, amitryptiline.’

2000, JG Ballard, Super-Cannes, Fourth Estate, published 2011, page 327:

(pharmacology) An antidepressant drug; a tablet containing this drug.


MR

MR (countable and uncountable, plural MRs)

Controlled release (CR), modified release (MR), orally disintegrating tablets (ODT), and other innovative dosage forms are still of interest to both pharmaceutical producers and suppliers.

2014 April, Ken Seufert, “The New Dawn of Pharmaceutical Manufacturing: Innovative Solutions for Unprecedented Challenges”, in American Pharmaceutical Review, 17(3):8:

modified release
modified release#English

(pharmacology, medicine) Initialism of modified release.


piperazine

piperazine (countable and uncountable, plural piperazines)

After German Piperazin, from piper(idine) + azine.

(organic chemistry, pharmacology, uncountable) A saturated heterocyclic compound, C₄H₁₀N₂, containing two nitrogen atoms in a six-membered ring; it is used as an anthelmintic.


theophylline

From translingual Thea (“former genus name for the tea plant”) + Ancient Greek φύλλον (phúllon, “leaf”) + -ine.

af

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) A bitter crystalline compound present in small quantities in tea leaves, isomeric with theobromine; used as a drug in therapy for respiratory diseases.


gamma-hydroxybutyric acid

en-noun

gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (plural gamma-hydroxybutyric acids)

gamma-hydroxybutyric acids (plural)
as: GHB (abbreviation)

(organic chemistry, biochemistry, pharmacology) A naturally-occurring biochemical of uncertain function; sometimes used as a recreational drug


Argyrol

(pharmacology) An antiseptic compound of silver and a protein.

argirol

an antiseptic compound of silver and a protein


sulindac

non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug

(pharmacology) A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug used as an analgesic and antipyretic


zoledronate

From zoledronic acid + -ate (“salt or ester”).

af

(pharmacology) The conjugate base, or any salt or ester, of zoledronic acid. Used as a medication to inhibit bone loss in disorders of bone metabolism.

zoledronic acid

coordinate as an acid versus a base, but synonymous in the practical sense that the conjugate base and conjugate acid coexist in solution


sleeping tablet

en-noun

sleeping tablet (plural sleeping tablets)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-sleeping tablet.wav


berberine

berberine (countable and uncountable, plural berberines)

(biochemistry, pharmacology) Any of a class of alkaloid C₂₀H₁₉NO₅ originally obtained, as a bitter, yellow substance, from the root of the barberry, goldthread, and other plants. It is used in medicine especially for its antimicrobial properties.


levothyroxine

(pharmacology) The levorotatory isomer of thyroxine (trademark Levothyroid, Levoxyl, Synthroid) that is administered in the form of its sodium salt C₁₅H₁₀I₄NNaO₄ in the treatment of hypothyroidism.


nocebo

Borrowed from Latin nocēbō (“I will harm”), the first-person singular future active indicative form of noceō (“I harm”), by analogy with placebo. The word was coined by Walter P. Kennedy in a 1961 article entitled “The Nocebo Reaction” (see quotation).

It is somewhat surprising that little attention has been drawn to the existence of the contrary effect [to the placebo] – which I may call the nocebo reaction.

1961 September, Walter P. Kennedy, “The Nocebo Reaction”, in Medical World, volume 95, London: Medical Practitioners' Union, →ISSN, →OCLC, →PMID, page 203:

In the case of the nocebo, it is negative expectations that become self-fulfilling prophecies.

2009 April 25, Stuart Blackman, “Why health warnings can be bad”, in Financial Times:

It seems to be a "nocebo" effect – the self-diagnosed gluten sensitive patients expected to feel worse on the study diets, so they did.

2014 May 15, Jennifer Welsh, “Researchers who Provided Key Evidence for Gluten Sensitivity have now Thoroughly Shown that It Doesn’t Exist”, in Business Insider, archived from the original on 2017-07-02:

If there's one lesson to be drawn from the nocebo effect, it's that ideas are never merely ideas. […] Maybe you see where I'm going with this: our grim view of humanity is also a nocebo.

2020, Rutger Bregman, Humankind, Bloomsbury Publishing, →ISBN:

(pharmacology, also attributive) A substance which a patient experiences as harmful due to a previous negative perception, but which is in fact pharmacologically (medicinally) inactive.

nocebo

pharmacologically inactive substance experienced as harmful


methicillin

methicillin (countable and uncountable, plural methicillins)

The new strain was dubbed methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, or MRSA.

2019, Bill Bryson, The Body: A Guide for Occupants, Black Swan (2020), page 53:

(pharmacology) Alternative spelling of meticillin.


benzathine benzylpenicillin

(pharmacology) An aqueous suspension of a relatively insoluble salt of benzylpenicillin that is absorbed slowly following intramuscular injection to provide a low but persistent level of benzylpenicillin in the blood plasma.


benzylpenicillin

(pharmacology) The penicillin C₁₆H₁₈N₂O₄S that constitutes the principal or sole component of most commercial preparations and is used chiefly in the form of its stable salts (as the sodium salt C₁₆H₁₇N₂NaO₄S or potassium salt C₁₆H₁₇KN₂O₄S).


penicillin G

(pharmacology) Synonym of benzylpenicillin.


phenoxymethylpenicillin

(pharmacology) A crystalline nonhygroscopic acid that is a semisynthetic form of penicillin, used in the form of its sodium or potassium salt C₁₆H₁₇KN₂O₅S, and has antibacterial action similar to benzylpenicillin and is more resistant to inactivation by gastric acids; 6-phenoxyacetamidopenicillanic acid, C₁₇H₂₀N₂O₆S.


penicillin V

(pharmacology) Synonym of phenoxymethylpenicillin.


procaine penicillin

(pharmacology) A narrow-spectrum penicillin antibiotic.


pharmacovigilance

/ˌfɑːməkəʊˈvɪd͡ʒɪl(ə)ns/

In our experience, a request concerning suspected drug toxicity (or an adverse effect) needs to be dealt with in greater detail than other chemical agents, to obtain information on the animals affected (species, breed, age, physiological and pathological status) and on the suspect product (conformity, dose administered, storage conditions, etc.). These led us to introduce a specific request form for drugs, called a ‘pharmacovigilance form’, used since October 1988.

1987, Veterinary Drug Registration Newsletter, Paris: Office International des Epizooties, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 23:

But it appears repurposing is possible in another crucial phase of drug development—post-marketing surveillance or pharmacovigilance, which essentially identifies adverse side effects of drugs. Experts say “repurposed” pharmacovigilance would look for and understand beneficial side effects of drugs that may surface during their development or use.

2009 August 19, Seema Singh, “NovaLead shows drug repositioning works”, in LiveMint, archived from the original on 2016-02-06:

Since it [the European Medicines Agency] began operating in 1995, the agency has become a central actor regarding various aspects of pharmaceuticals regulation and has a crucial role in providing the infrastructure for EU [European Union] pharmacovigilance.

2017, Michael Kaeding, Julia Schmälter, Christoph Klika, “The EU Pharmacovigilance System”, in Pharmacovigilance in the European Union: Practical Implementation across Member States, Wiesbaden, Germany: Springer Nature, →DOI, →ISBN, page 22:

(medicine, pharmacology) The detection, assessment, understanding and prevention of adverse effects of medicines.


sildenafil citrate

erectile dysfunction
erectile dysfunction

(pharmacology) The citrate salt of sildenafil, marketed as Viagra, a treatment for erectile dysfunction


rosiglitazone

From [Term?] + -glitazone (“thiazolidinedione derivative”).

af

(pharmacology) A thiazolidinedione derivative (trademark Avandia) taken orally in the form of its maleate C₁₈H₁₉N₃O₃S·C₄H₄O₄ to treat type 2 diabetes by decreasing insulin resistance.


aloin

en-noun

aloin (countable and uncountable, plural aloins)

(pharmacology) A glycoside derivative of anthracene, found in aloe, that is used as a laxative.


diaphoretic

en-adj

diaphoretic (comparative more diaphoretic, superlative most diaphoretic)

more diaphoretic (comparative)
most diaphoretic (superlative)

/daɪəfəˈɹɛtɪk/

From Latin diaphorēticus, from Ancient Greek διαφορητικός (diaphorētikós); by surface analysis, diaphor(esis) + -etic.

der

διαφορητικός

surf

(pharmacology) Generating sweat or perspiration.


diaphoretic

/daɪəfəˈɹɛtɪk/

der

διαφορητικός

(pharmacology) A product or agent which induces or promotes perspiration.


finasteride

From [Term?] + -steride (“testosterone reductase inhibitor”). First use appears c. 1989 in the publication Pharmaceutical Business News.

af

male pattern baldness
male pattern baldness

benign prostatic hyperplasia
benign prostatic hyperplasia

(pharmacology) A medication used to treat male pattern baldness and benign prostatic hyperplasia in males.


pharmacopoeial

pharmacopeial (alternative)
pharmacopœial (alternative)

(pharmacology, pharmacy) Of or pertaining to pharmacopoeia.


pharmacopoeic

pharmacopœic (alternative)
pharmacopeic (alternative)


nelfinavir

From [Term?] + -navir (“HIV protease inhibitor”).

(pharmacology) An antiretroviral drug (trademark Viracept) of the protease inhibitor class that is used in the form of its mesilate C₃₂H₄₅N₃O₄S·CH₄O₃S to treat HIV infected patients.


protease inhibitor

en-noun

protease inhibitor (plural protease inhibitors)

(pharmacology) Any of a class of medications that act by interfering with proteases, used to treat or prevent viral infections including HIV/AIDS and hepatitis C.


amprenavir

/æmˈpɹɛn.əˌvɪɹ/

(pharmacology) An antiretroviral drug of the protease inhibitor class that is used to treat HIV infected patients.


atazanavir

/ˌæt.əˈzæn.əˌvɪɹ/

(pharmacology) An antiretroviral drug of the protease inhibitor class that is administered orally in the form of its sulfate C₃₈H₅₂N₆O₇·H₂SO₄ in conjunction with other antiretroviral agents to treat HIV infected patients.


darunavir

(pharmacology) An antiretroviral drug of the protease inhibitor class that is used in to treat HIV infected patients.


fosamprenavir

From fos- (“phosphorous derivative”) + amprenavir.

af

(pharmacology) An antiretroviral prodrug of the protease inhibitor amprenavir. It is used to treat HIV infected patients.


fosamprenavir calcium

(pharmacology) The salt form of the protease inhibitor drug fosamprenavir used in the treatment of HIV infected patients.


nelfinavir mesylate

(pharmacology) The salt form of the protease inhibitor drug nelfinavir used in the treatment of HIV infected patients.


indinavir

/ɪnˈdɪn.əˌvɪɹ/

From indina- (“alteration of indanyl”) + -navir (“HIV protease inhibitor”).

(pharmacology) An antiretroviral drug C₃₆H₄₇N₅O₄ of the protease inhibitor class that is used in the form of its sulfate in combination with antiretroviral drugs (such as zidovudine) to treat HIV infected patients.


lopinavir

(pharmacology) An antiretroviral drug C₃₇H₄₈N₄O₅ of the protease inhibitor class that is taken orally usually in conjunction with other retroviral agents (such as ritonavir) to treat HIV infected patients.


ritonavir

/ɹɪˈtoʊ.nəˌvɪɹ/

/ɹɪˈtɑn.əˌvɪɹ/

(pharmacology) An antiretroviral drug C₃₇H₄₈N₆O₅S₂ of the protease inhibitor class that is administered orally to treat HIV-infected and AIDS patients.


saquinavir

From sa- (“probably alteration of (prote)as(e)”) + quin(oline) + -a- + -vir (“antiviral”).

(pharmacology) An antiretroviral drug C₃₈H₅₀N₆O₅ of the protease inhibitor class that is used in the form of its methylated sulfonic salt especially in combination with other antiretroviral agents to treat HIV infected patients.


tipranavir disodium

(pharmacology) The salt form of the protease inhibitor drug tipranavir used in the treatment of HIV infected patients.


HAART

(pharmacology, virology) Initialism of highly active antiretroviral therapy.


-i-

(pharmacology) A monoclonal antibody derived from a non-human primate source.


serotonin-specific reuptake inhibitor

en-noun

serotonin-specific reuptake inhibitor (plural serotonin-specific reuptake inhibitors)

serotonin-specific reuptake inhibitors (plural)

(pharmacology) A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor.


hydromorphone

dihydromorphinone (alternative)
dimorphone (alternative)

She hadnʼt needed regular doses of hydromorphone in a month.

2021, Rivers Solomon, Sorrowland, #Merky Books, page 200:

(pharmacology) A synthetic narcotic analgesic, (4,5 alpha-epoxy-3-hydroxy-17-methyl morphinan-6-one), similar to morphine and heroin. It is used for moderate to severe pain under the trade name Dilaudid.


immunosuppressive

en-adj

immunosuppressive (comparative more immunosuppressive, superlative most immunosuppressive)

more immunosuppressive (comparative)
most immunosuppressive (superlative)

It is predictable that some of these infections occur in individuals immunocompromised by malnutrition or underlying disease (notably cancer or AIDS) or by immunosuppressive therapy.

2013, Robert H. Rubin, Lowell S. Young, Clinical Approach to Infection in the Compromised Host, →ISBN, page 275:

(pharmacology, immunology) Having the capability to suppress the immune system, capable of immunosuppression.


immunosuppressive

(pharmacology, immunology) An agent which is capable of immunosuppression.


immunosuppressor

(immunology, pharmacology) An immunosuppressive agent.


immunosuppressant

immunosuppressant (comparative more immunosuppressant, superlative most immunosuppressant)

more immunosuppressant (comparative)
most immunosuppressant (superlative)

(pharmacology) Capable of immunosuppression, immunosuppressive.


immunosuppressant

(pharmacology) An immunosuppressive agent.


minoxidil

From (a)mino + oxid(e) + -dil (“vasodilator”).

af

(pharmacology) A compound used orally as a vasodilator to treat hypertension and topically to reverse baldness.


methaqualone

en-noun

methaqualone (countable and uncountable, plural methaqualones)

(pharmacology) A sedative drug that has effects similar to barbiturates, also used recreationally.


biopharmaceutical

(pharmacology) Any drug produced using biotechnology.


Valium

Valium (countable and uncountable, plural Valiums)

Mothers little helpers were pills—Miltown, amphetamine, barbiturates, Librium, and Valium were the most popular and widely available in the fifties and early sixties—that were used to keep women in their place, to make them comfortable in a setting that should have been uncomfortable, to encourage them to focus on tasks that did not matter.

2003, Samuel H. Barondes, quoting Peter D. Kramer, chapter 4, in Better than Prozac, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 47:

(trademark, pharmacology) The drug diazepam.


benzodiazepine

Coordinate term: barbiturate

That week we were in the desert I couldn't sleep—perhaps a couple of hours each night at the most even with a steady intake of benzodiazepine.

2023, Bret Easton Ellis, chapter 1, in The Shards:

His modus operandi was to drug them with wine or tea laced with benzodiazepines, which incapacitated them and wiped out their memories.

2023 December 21, Anna Moore, “The couch surfing predator: how a group of women were drugged and assaulted - then fought back”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) Any of a class of psychoactive drugs, structured upon diazepine, used in the treatment of anxiety, insomnia and other related disorders.


ritalin

From Rita + -lin. Coined by chemist Leandro Panizzon, who synthesized it. Named after Marguerite Panizzon, wife of Leandro. Ritalin, a trade name from the 1940s. Genericization of the trademark.

(pharmacology) methylphenidate, used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder


minocycline

From (a)mino- + -cycline (“tetracycline derivative”).

af

(pharmacology) A semisynthetic tetracycline derivative used (as the hydrochloride C₂₃H₂₇N₃O₇·HCl) as a broad-spectrum antibiotic and anti-inflammatory agent to treat bacterial and other infections.


allobarbital

(pharmacology) An early barbiturate once used as an anticonvulsant.


quetiapine

Probably from que(ll) + thia- + -apine (“psychoactive tricyclic compound”).

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) An antipsychotic drug taken orally in the form of its fumarate (C₂₁H₂₅N₃O₂S)₂·C₄H₄O₄ especially to treat schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. It is marketed under the trademark Seroquel.


olanzapine

From olan- (of unknown origin) + -zapine (“alteration of benzodiazepine”).

(pharmacology) An antipsychotic drug C₁₇H₂₀H₄S administered orally especially in the short-term treatment of schizophrenia and acute manic episodes of bipolar disorder.


risperidone

/ɹɪˈspɛ.ɹɪ.dəʊn/

/ɹɪˈspɛɹ.ɪˌdoʊn/

From (fluo)r- + (benz)is(oxazole) + (pi)perid(inyl) + -one.

(pharmacology) A drug that is a combined serotonin and dopamine receptor antagonist, used in the treatment of psychotic disorders.


fluphenazine

en-noun

fluphenazine (countable and uncountable, plural fluphenazines)

(pharmacology) An antipsychotic drug of the phenothiazine class, which can be administered orally or by injection.


thioridazine

thioridazine (countable and uncountable, plural thioridazines)

/ˌθaɪ.əˈɹɪd.əˌziːn/

From thio- + (pipe)rid(ine) + (phenothi)azine.

af

(pharmacology) A synthetic compound derived from phenothiazine, used as a tranquillizer, chiefly in the treatment of mental illness.


naltrexone

Probably from naloxone + Latin tres (“three”).

(pharmacology) A synthetic drug, similar to morphine, which blocks opiate receptors in the nervous system and is used chiefly in the treatment of heroin addiction.


nystatin

en-noun

nystatin (countable and uncountable, plural nystatins)

(pharmacology) An antifungal drug that is derived from a soil actinomycete (Streptomyces noursei) used especially against Candida.


fluconazole

fluconazole (usually uncountable, plural fluconazoles)

From flu(oro)- + -conazole (“miconazole derivative”).

af

(pharmacology) An antifungal agent C₁₃H₁₂F₂N₆O used orally to treat cryptococcal meningitis and local or systemic candida infections.


aripiprazole

/ˌæɹ.ɪˈpɪp.ɹəˌzoʊl/

From ari- (of unknown origin) + -piprazole (“phenylpiperazine derivative”).

(pharmacology) An antipsychotic drug C₂₃H₂₇Cl₂N₃O₂ used in the treatment of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, and irritability associated with autism.


ziprasidone

Probably from (ben)zi(sothiazole) + -pras- (“alteration of p(ipe)raz(ine)”) + i(n)d(ol)one.

(pharmacology) An antipsychotic drug used in the treatment of schizophrenia etc.


clozapine

en-noun

clozapine (countable and uncountable, plural clozapines)

From chlo(ro)- + -zapine (“alteration of (benzodi)azepine”).

af

(pharmacology) A sedative drug used to treat schizophrenia.


chlorpromazine

en-noun

chlorpromazine (countable and uncountable, plural chlorpromazines)

Borrowed from French chloropromazine, corresponding to chlor- + prom(eth)azine.

In the early 1950s two French physicians, J. Delay and P. Deniker, noted the remarkable calming effects of a new drug, chlorpromazine, which was initially tested as an agent to be given to patients prior to major surgery to relax them.

2001, Leslie Iversen, Drugs: A Very Short Introduction, Oxford, page 59:

(pharmacology) A synthetic drug used as a tranquillizer, sedative, and antiemetic. It is a phenothiazine derivative.


carbamazepine

carbamazepine (countable and uncountable, plural carbamazepines)

Since α-carbamazepine is a monotrope of γ-carbamazepine, and γ-carbamazepine is an enantiotrope of β-carbamazepine, the physical stability hierarchy depends on the transition temperature of β- and γ-carbamazepine.

2004, Peter York, Uday B. Kompella, Boris Y. Shekunov, Supercritical Fluid Technology for Drug Product Development, page 288:

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) A synthetic compound of the benzodiazepine class, used as an anticonvulsant and analgesic drug.


lamotrigine

Perhaps from (ch)l(oro)- + am(in)o- + -trigine (“signal transduction modulator”).

af

(pharmacology) An anticonvulsant drug used in the treatment of epilepsy.


antiretroviral

en-adj

antiretroviral (comparative more antiretroviral, superlative most antiretroviral)

more antiretroviral (comparative)
most antiretroviral (superlative)

Begun in 2003 and covering some 50 countries, Pepfar has saved the lives of an estimated 13m people living with HIV-Aids, mostly in Africa, by providing them with antiretroviral drugs.

2019 July 17, David Pilling, “Why George W Bush is Africa’s favourite US president”, in Financial Times:

(pharmacology) That combats infection by retroviruses.


antiretroviral

Inequality, research shows, [is why] we still see Aids-related deaths in an era when we have all the antiretrovirals, HIV prevention pills, vaginal rings, injections and harm-reduction plans needed to end the pandemic.

2023 August 7, Mia Malan, “A pandemic is not just a disease – it’s a political, social and economic crisis fuelled by inequality”, in The Guardian:

(medicine, pharmacology) An agent that combats retroviruses.


zolpidem

Probably from (imida)zol(e) + p(yr)id(ine) + (ac)e(ta)m(ide).

af

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) A sedative and hypnotic drug administered orally in the form of its tartrate (C₁₉H₂₁N₃O)₂·C₄H₆O₆ in the short-term treatment of insomnia. It is marketed under the trademark Ambien, Stilnox.


pharmacogenetic

Examining new drugs for pharmacogenetic impacts will help identify people whose DNA reveals that they should not take a particular drug.

(pharmacology) Of or pertaining to pharmacogenetics.


sulphanilamide

en-noun

sulphanilamide (countable and uncountable, plural sulphanilamides)

sulphanilamides (plural)
sulfanilamide (alternative)

Gerhard Domagk discovered that the red dye Prontosil is active against streptococcal infections in mice and humans. Soon afterward French workers showed that its active antibacterial agent is sulphanilamide.

2001, Leslie Iversen, Drugs: A Very Short Introduction, Oxford, page 9:

(British spelling, pharmacology) The amide of sulphanilic acid, used to treat streptococcal infections; the parent compound of the sulphonamides.


therapeutic window

therapeutic window (plural therapeutic windows)

2001: The separation between the dose range in which the desirable medical benefits are seen, and the higher dose range at which adverse effects emerge, is known as the ‘therapeutic window’. — Leslie Iversen, Drugs: A Very Short Introduction (Oxford 2001, p. 31)

(pharmacology) The range of doses of a drug which are effective without being harmful.


ranitidine

The huge sales of one drug in particular, ranitidine (sold under the trade name Zantac®), helped to lift the British pharmaceutical company Glaxo into the world league.

2001, Leslie Iversen, Drugs: A Very Short Introduction, Oxford, page 46:

(pharmacology) A furan (trademark Zantac) which blocks the histamine H₂-receptors, to prevent the secretion of gastric acid.


omeprazole

/əʊˈmɛp.ɹə.zəʊl/

From o(xy)- + me(tho)- + -prazole (“benzimidazole derivative”).

af

2001: The first successful drug of this class was omeprazole (sold under the trade name Losec®), and it helped to change the medium-sized Swedish pharmaceutical company Astra, which discovered it, into a major player in the pharmaceutical industry. — Leslie Iversen, Drugs: A Very Short Introduction (Oxford 2001, p. 46)

gastroesophageal reflux
gastroesophageal reflux

(pharmacology) A substituted benzimidazole (trademark Losec, Prilosec) which is a proton pump inhibitor and inhibits secretion of gastric acid, being given orally in the treatment of ulcers and gastroesophageal reflux; 5-methoxy-2-(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-2-pyridylmethylsulfinyl)benzimidazole, C₁₇H₁₉N₃O₃S.


diazepam

en-noun

diazepam (countable and uncountable, plural diazepams)

2001: The most effective anti-anxiety drugs (tranquillizers) are the benzodiazepines, epitomized by diazepam (Valium®). — Leslie Iversen, Drugs: A Very Short Introduction (Oxford 2001, p. 57)

(pharmacology) A tranquilizing muscle relaxant drug (trademark Valium) used chiefly to relieve anxiety.


AZT

AZT, the only AIDS treatment fully approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), is extremely toxic, and many people with AIDS cannot cake it or must discontinue taking it after some period of time.

1989 April 8, Judy Harris, “Fenway to Administer Peptide T”, in Gay Community News, page 3:

(pharmacology) Abbreviation of azidothymidine.


cannabinol

cannabinol (countable and uncountable, plural cannabinols)

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) A psychoactive cannabinoid found in the hemp plant Cannabis sativa; an oxidation product of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC).


lidocaine

lidocaine (countable and uncountable, plural lidocaines)

From (acetani)lid(e) + -o- + -caine, from cocaine.

In addition, 0.5 ml of 1% lidocaine HCl was injected subcutaneously in the postauricular area for local anesthesia.

2015 August 27, “Intracochlear Bleeding Enhances Cochlear Fibrosis and Ossification: An Animal Study”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) A crystalline compound C₁₄H₂₂N₂O that is used in the form of its hydrochloride as a local anesthetic and as an antiarrhythmic agent.

denatonium

a similar compound with an additional benzyl group


reserpine

reserpine (countable and uncountable, plural reserpines)

/ɹɪˈsɝːˌpiːn/

From translingual R(auvolfia) serp(entina) + -ine.

af

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) A compound of the alkaloid class obtained from Indian snakeroot (Rauvolfia serpentina) and other plants and used in the treatment of hypertension.


bioisosterism

(pharmacology) The relationship between bioisosteres, substituents or groups with similar physical or chemical properties that impart similar biological properties to a chemical compound.


injectable

Complex high-cost drug therapy, such as injectables and infusions, are close to a $70 billion sector.

2009 January 3, Amy Zipkin, “Drugstores, Too, Feel Recession Pain”, in New York Times:

(pharmacy, cosmetics, pharmacology) A liquid, such as a medicine or a Botox solution, which is injected using a needle and syringe.


metallodrug

(pharmacology) Any of several pharmaceuticals that contain metals such as silver or platinum; especially such anticancer drugs


pamidronate

From pamidronic acid + -ate (“salt or ester”).

(pharmacology) The conjugate base, or any salt or ester, of pamidronic acid. Used as a medication to inhibit bone loss in disorders of bone metabolism.


pamidronic acid

From p(ropylidene) + ami(no-) + -dronic (“calcium metabolism regulator”) acid.

(pharmacology) (3-amino-1-hydroxy-1-phosphono-)phosphonic acid—a bisphosphonate drug to inhibit bone loss.

pamidronate

coordinate as a base versus an acid, but synonymous in the practical sense that the conjugate base and conjugate acid coexist in solution


evergreening

(patent law, pharmaceuticals) The practice of slightly altering a drug to extend patent protections.


rifampicin

en-noun

rifampicin (countable and uncountable, plural rifampicins)

rifampicins (plural)
rifampin (alternative)

(pharmacology) A reddish-brown semisynthetic antibiotic C₄₃H₅₈N₄O₁₂ obtained from the bacterium Amycolaptosis mediterranei, used chiefly to treat tuberculosis, leprosy, and asymptomatic carriers of meningococci.


rifampin

rifampin (countable and uncountable, plural rifampins)


-idine

Derived from the ending of pyridine, which comes from German Pyridin which in turn comes from a combination of pyro- -id and -in (-ide and -ine)

alpha-2 adrenergic receptor
alpha-2 adrenergic receptor

(pharmacology) alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonists.


-terol

(pharmacology) Used to form names of phenethylamine derivatives used as bronchodilators.


APAP

APAP (countable and uncountable, plural APAPs)

Abbreviation
* (pharmaceutical drug): Initialism of N-acetyl-para-aminophenol.
* (medical device): Acronym of Automatic Positive Airway Pressure.

acronym

Automatic Positive Airway Pressure
en:APAP
paracetamol

(pharmacology, abbreviation) para-acetylaminophenol (acetaminophen / paracetamol / tylenol), a particular kind of painkiller and fever-reducer generally available over the counter.


octopamine

From oct(opus) + -opamine (“dopaminergic agent, dopamine derivative”), because it was isolated from an octopus's salivary gland.

af

(biochemistry, pharmacology) An aromatic amine, 4-(2-amino-1-hydroxy-ethyl)phenol, related to noradrenaline, having similar characteristics to dopamine.


budesonide

(pharmacology) A corticosteroid used in the treatment of various diseases.


antiangiogenic

en-adj

antiangiogenic (comparative more antiangiogenic, superlative most antiangiogenic)

more antiangiogenic (comparative)
most antiangiogenic (superlative)
anti-angiogenic (alternative)

When considered in combination with the use of antiangiogenic therapy, this diagnostic tool is easy to apply and has broad utility among medical oncologists to avoid the risk of hemosputum in the great vessels [ 5 ].

2015 July 30, Hidetaka Uramoto et al., “Easy Diagnosis of Aortic Invasion in Patients with Lung Cancer Using Cine Magnetic Resonance Imaging”, in Case Reports in Oncology, volume 8, →DOI:

(pharmacology) That inhibits angiogenesis, including neoangiogenesis (especially when used to combat cancer).


benzonatate

(pharmacology) A particular kind of non-narcotic cough suppressant, taken orally.


fosmidomycin

From fos- (“phosphorous derivative”) + (a)mido + -mycin (“antibiotic”).

af

(pharmacology) An antibiotic, similar to fosfomycin, obtained from Streptomyces bacteria.


fosfomycin

Originally phosphomycin, from phospho- + -mycin (“antibiotic derived from a Streptomyces strain”).

(pharmacology) A broad-spectrum antibiotic, 3-methyloxiran-2-ylphosphonic acid, obtained from certain Streptomyces bacteria.


trimethoprim

en-noun

trimethoprim (countable and uncountable, plural trimethoprims)

/tɹʌɪˈmɛθ.ə(ʊ).pɹɪm/

/tɹaɪˈmɛθ.əˌpɹɪm/

(pharmacology) A synthetic antibiotic used to treat malaria and respiratory and urinary infections (usually in conjunction with a sulphonamide).

-prim

dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor, antibacterial


teicoplanin

(pharmacology) Any of several glycopeptide antibiotics used against Gram-positive bacteria


sulfamethoxazole

From sulfa- (“sulfonamide”) + meth- + (is)oxazole.

af

(pharmacology) An antibacterial sulfonamide C₁₀H₁₁N₃O3S used alone or in combination with trimethoprim (as in the treatment of urinary tract infections or acute otitis media).


thiamazole

(pharmacology) An imidazole derivative that interferes with the synthesis of thyroid hormone and is given orally in the treatment of hyperthyroidism; 1-methylimidazole-2-thiol, C₃H₂N₂(CH₃)(SH).


methimazole

en-noun

methimazole (countable and uncountable, plural methimazoles)

(pharmacology) Alternative form of thiamazole.


sulfanilamide

sulfanilamides (plural)
sulphanilamide (alternative)

(pharmacology) Any of a class of amino substituted aromatic sulfonamides that are used as antifungal antibiotics; but especially the parent compound 4-aminobenzenesulfonamide


antidotal

(pharmacology) Relating to or being an antidote.


lactulose

lactulose (countable and uncountable, plural lactuloses)

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) A synthetic disaccharide C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁ consisting of galactose and fructose units, used as a laxative for chronic constipation and as an acidifier to reduce blood ammonia levels causing neurological symptoms in advanced liver disease. It is used in solution for oral or rectal administration.


alpha-blocker

(pharmacology) A drug which blocks α1-adrenergic receptors in arteries and smooth muscles. Used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostatitis and other conditions.


amantadine

From amantad- (“alteration of adamantane”) + -ine.

af

(pharmacology) A drug used especially as the hydrochloride C₁₀H₁₇N·HCl to prevent infection (as by an influenzavirus) by interfering with virus penetration into host cells.


rimantadine

From [Term?] + -mantadine (“adamantane derivative”).

(pharmacology) A synthetic antiviral drug that is chemically related to amantadine and is administered orally in the form of its hydrochloride C₁₂H₂₁N·HCl in the prevention and treatment of influenza A; 1-(1-adamantyl)ethanamine.