tailings

(agriculture) Inferior or damaged grain, as well as seeds of other plants (weeds), removed from grain before milling or sowing.


binder

From Middle English byndere; equivalent to bind + -er.

(agriculture) A machine used in harvesting that ties cut stalks of grain into a bundle.

снопавяза́лка

agriculture: machine used in harvesting that ties cut stalks of grain into a bundle


crock

en-verb

crock (third-person singular simple present crocks, present participle crocking, simple past and past participle crocked)

crocks (present singular third-person)
crocking (participle present)
crocked (participle past)
crocked (past)

From Middle English crok, crokke (“earthenware jar, pot, or other container; cauldron; belly, stomach”) [and other forms], from Old English crocc, crocca (“crock, pot, vessel”) [and other forms], from Proto-Germanic *krukkō, *krukkô (“vessel”), from Proto-Indo-European *growg- (“vessel”).
The English word is cognate with Danish and Norwegian krukke (“jar”), Dutch kruik (“jar, jug”), regional German Kruke (“crock”), Icelandic krukka (“pot, jar”), Old English crōg, crōh (“crock, pitcher, vessel”). See also cruse.

The pots should be crocked for drainage to one-half their depth and the plants made moderately firm in the compost, as already indicated...

1900, H.A. Burberry, The Amateur Orchid Cultivators' Guide Book, page 21:

(horticulture) To cover the drain holes of a planter with stones or similar material, in order to ensure proper drainage.


shiel

shiel (third-person singular simple present shiels, present participle shieling, simple past and past participle shieled)

shiels (present singular third-person)
shieling (participle present)
shieled (participle past)
shieled (past)

Patrick Robertson, who shieled on the Atholl side of Drumochter, confirmed this practice: his cattle 'continued there till about midsummer, when they were brought down to his farm, having continued there about three weeks, and were then sent back to the shealing.

2021, David Taylor, Wild Black Region: Badenoch 1750-1800:

(intransitive, agriculture) To use a place as a shieling.


fallow crop

(agriculture)The crop taken from a green fallow field.


nuc

I have to take brood from established hives to set up nucs, as I did the previous week[…]

1998, Sue Hubbell, A Book of Bees: And How to Keep Them, page 110:

(beekeeping) A nucleus colony; a small bee colony created from a larger colony.


staddle

staddles (plural)
stadle (alternative)
stathel (alternative)
steddle (alternative)

From Middle English stathel, from Old English staþol (“foundation, base, support, position, site, estate”), from Proto-Germanic *staþulaz (“position, standing”), from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂-, *sth₂- (“to stand”). Cognate with Middle Low German stadel (“barn”), German Stadel (“barn”), Old Danish stedel (“ground, croft”), Icelandic stöðull (“position”). More at stand.

inh

(agriculture) One of the separate plots into which a cock of hay is shaken out for the purpose of drying.


grain elevator

By analyzing the costs of operating a country grain elevator these advantages, if any exist, should appear.

1922, Joseph Bernard Kenkel, The Cooperative Elevator Movement: A Study in Grain Marketing at Country Points in the North Central States, Catholic University of America, pg. 97

Interest in the safety and health of workers in grain elevators has increased substantially since the series of recent grain elevator explosions and fires.

1980, United States Congress, House of Representatives, Committee on Education and Labor. Subcommittee on Health and Safety, A staff report on the oversight of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration with respect to grain elevator fires and explosions, U.S. Govt. Print. Off. pg 3

As the grain elevator and other industrial structures became more common on the plains, they redefind the traditional pastoral image of the American landscape.

1996, Lisa Mahar-Keplinger, Grain Elevators, Princeton Architectural Press, pg. 9

(agriculture, Canada, US) A large structure for the storage of grain. It is more specialized than a regular granary in that in uses an elevating mechanism to hold the grain in one of many different bins, and that it it designed to fill large trucks and train cars for shipping grain in bulk.

ardaitheoir gráin

a large structure for the storage of grain


collet

From Middle French collet. Doublet of collar.

Collar rot forms in the collet between the stem and the root.

(horticulture) In an embryonic plant, the transition zone between the root and the hypocotyl (not clearly distinguishable in most plants.)


honey plant

honey plants (plural)
honey-plant (alternative)

I have no doubt that where I live one thousand hives will provide for themselves and gather surplus honey wherever one can. It is not with honey plants, as with other pasturage, which once eaten off takes time and favoring showers to cause a new growth.

1863 September 12, Ellen S. Tupper, “Essay on Bees—1st Premium”, in Tenth Report of the Secretary of the State Agricultural Society, to the Governor of the State, for the Year 1863, Des Moines, Ia.: F. W. Palmer, state printer, published 1864, →OCLC, page 228:

[T]he only reason that buckwheat is considered valuable as a honey plant, is because it blooms generally in dry weather late in the fall, when the difference in the temperature between two o'clock in the day and two o'clock at night is sufficient to favor the production of honey.

1869 September, A. W. Harlan, “Honey Dews in the West and Southwest [From the Keokuk ‘Gate City.’]”, in Samuel Wagner, editor, American Bee Journal, volume V, number 3, Washington, D.C.: Samuel Wagner, →OCLC, page 47, column 1:

There was also another good honey plant that had lately come into notice in his section. The same described in the Bee Journal by him, that comes up in the fall and blooms the next spring, that was the best of honey plants for early spring.

1872, “Proceedings”, in Transactions of the North American Bee Keepers’ Society, at their First Annual Session Held at the City of Cleveland, on Wednesday, Thursday and Friday, December 6–8, 1872, Indianapolis, Ind.: Indianapolis Printing and Publishing House, →OCLC, topic no. 6 (What are the Best Honey Producing Plants?), page 13, column 1:

The lack of literature concerning the tulip-tree as a honey-plant is a serious one and the chief object of this bulletin is to make up this deficiency.

1922 January, E[verett] F[ranklin] Phillips, George S. Demuth, “Peculiarities of the Region”, in Beekeeping in the Tulip-tree Region (Farmers’ Bulletin; no. 1222), Washington, D.C.: United States Department of Agriculture, →OCLC, page 9:

But of late years plows and sheep have made sad havoc in these glorious pastures, destroying tens of thousands of the flowery acres like a fire, and banishing many species of the best honey-plants to rocky cliffs and fence-corners, […]

a. 1914, John Muir, “The Mountains of California”, in Nature Writings: The Story of My Boyhood and Youth; My First Summer in the Sierra; The Mountains of California; Stickeen; Selected Essays (Library of America; 92), New York, N.Y.: Library of America, published 1997, →ISBN, chapter XVI (The Bee-pastures), page 523:

HONEYSUCKLE—Lonicera spp.: […] This introduced, escaped shrub is strikingly overlooked as a major honey plant.

2009, Kim Flottum, “Some of the Better Honey Plants to Know”, in The Backyard Beekeeper’s Honey Handbook: A Guide to Creating, Harvesting, and Cooking with Natural Honeys (Backyard Series), Beverly, Mass.: Quarry Books, Quayside Publishing Group, →ISBN, page 48:

(beekeeping) Any plant from which bees usually collect nectar, pollen, or both for making honey.

hunajakasvi

any plant from which bees usually collect nectar, pollen, or both for making honey


parterre

Borrowed from French parterre (“on the ground”), from par (“on”) + terre (“ground”).

Brussels
Buckinghamshire
Cliveden
Parterre
Parterre (theater audience)
Taplow

The window opened towards a most lovely garden, whose smooth turf and gorgeous parterres swept down to the river.

1837, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], “Sir Robert Walpole and House”, in Ethel Churchill: Or, The Two Brides. […], volume II, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 238:

(horticulture) A flowerbed, particularly an elevated one.

Parham House, near Pulborough in West Sussex, has a four-acre walled garden that was restored in the Twenties and has been maintained at a high level ever since. It is divided into four areas, one of which is filled by the cut-flower borders and a box-enclosed parterre. […] It is traditional in a parterre to mix flowers and veg, but this relaxed jungle of productive plants, packed in tight together, is lusher and more beautiful than the more usual Villandry style, where single or pairs of plants are used.

2015 August 29, Sarah Raven, “The stately home garden where you can pick-and-eat all summer [print version: Pick-and-eat planting for the modern parterre, page 5]”, in The Daily Telegraph (Gardening), archived from the original on 2015-09-03:

(horticulture) A garden with paths between such flowerbeds.


windbreak

windbreaks (plural)
wind-break (alternative)
wind break (alternative)

(agriculture) A hedge, fence or row of trees positioned to reduce wind damage to crops.

преграда срещу вятъра

hedge, fence or row of trees to reduce wind damage


double cropping

(agriculture) The practice of sequentially raising and harvesting a second (or third, or sometimes more) crop (usually vegetables) in the same field in a single growing season, especially in warmer climates such as California's Imperial Valley or the Rio Grande valley of Texas and Mexico.


sulfurate

en-verb

sulfurate (third-person singular simple present sulfurates, present participle sulfurating, simple past and past participle sulfurated)

sulfurates (present singular third-person)
sulfurating (participle present)
sulfurated (participle past)
sulfurated (past)

From sulfur + -ate (verb-forming suffix).

(rare, agriculture) to spray/dust with sulfur.


congest

For quotations using this term, see Citations:congest.

(Ireland, Scotland, agriculture, history) A farmer whose lands do not support him adequately.


bobtail

(agriculture) A tractor which performs without its trailer.


bobtail

bobtail (third-person singular simple present bobtails, present participle bobtailing, simple past and past participle bobtailed)

bobtails (present singular third-person)
bobtailing (participle present)
bobtailed (participle past)
bobtailed (past)

2002. David Diamond. The Trucker & The Professor, Wired (magazine), Issue 9.12http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/9.12/sheffi.html?pg=2&topic=&topic_set=
He deposits his trailer at a Marten facility in nearby Stockton, and then drives without the trailer - that's called "bobtailing".

(agriculture) To drive a tractor without its trailer.


shocker

The mechanical shocker is attached to the ordinary binder by two tubular stays, the more important one passing from about the center of the bull wheel and supporting a chain and sprocket wheel which transmit the drive to the shocker.

1923, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Office of Experiment Stations, “Rural engineering”, in Experiment Station Record, volume 48, page 186:


cut-out

When the stray men have worked the herd, it is drove off a ways and turned loose. The calves in the cut-out groups are then branded and turned loose with their mothers; the strays are thrown into the stray herd or day herd.

1958, Fay E. Ward, The Cowboy at Work: All about His Job and How He Does It, with 600 Detail Drawings by the Author, New York, N.Y.: Hastings House, →OCLC, page 24:

(US, agriculture) The separation of a group of cattle from a herd; the place where they are collected.


germinate

germinate (third-person singular simple present germinates, present participle germinating, simple past and past participle germinated)

germinates (present singular third-person)
germinating (participle present)
germinated (participle past)
germinated (past)

Borrowed from Latin germinātus, perfect passive participle of germinō (“to sprout”), see -ate (verb-forming suffix).

the Chalcites, which hath a Spirit that will put forth and germinate

1627 (indicated as 1626), Francis [Bacon], “(please specify the page, or |century=I to X)”, in Sylua Syluarum: Or A Naturall Historie. In Ten Centuries. […], London: […] William Rawley […]; [p]rinted by J[ohn] H[aviland] for William Lee […], →OCLC:

It would suffice to keep up the full number of a tree, which lived on an average for a thousand years, if a single seed were produced once in a thousand years, supposing that this seed were never destroyed, and could be ensured to germinate in a fitting place. So that in all cases, the average number of any animal or plant depends only indirectly on the number of its eggs or seeds.

1859, Charles Darwin, On the Origin of Species:

Orchids rely on fungi to reproduce. Their tiny seeds don't have any on-board nutrients (like beans and apples) and will not germinate until they are infected by a symbiotic fungus which supplies them with food. Known as a protocorm, this tiny orchid-fungus ball grows, turns green and eventually starts to photosynthesise.

2014 April 5, “Quite interesting: A quietly intriguing column from the brains behind QI, the BBC quiz show. This week; QI orchids you not”, in The Daily Telegraph (Weekend), page W22:

[…] The flesh [of the mistletoe berry] is sticky, and forms strings and ribbons between my thumb and forefinger. For the mistletoe, this viscous goop – and by the way, viscous comes to English from viscum – is crucial. The stickiness means that, after eating the berries, birds often regurgitate the seeds and then wipe their bills on twigs – leading to the seeds' getting glued to the tree, where they can germinate and begin the cycle anew.

2014 December 23, Olivia Judson, “The hemiparasite season [print version: Under the hemiparasite, International New York Times, 24–25 December 2014, page 7]”, in The New York Times, archived from the original on 2014-12-23:

(intransitive, botany, horticulture) Of a seed, to begin to grow, to sprout roots and leaves.


NSM

(Australia, agriculture, of cattle) Initialism of not station mated.


portulaca

(horticulture) Any of many tropical trailing herbs, of the genus Portulaca, having showy flowers


arability

(agriculture) The capacity for land to produce or support vegetation.

arúlacht

the capacity for land to produce or support vegetation


pinching

Six varieties gave more shoots from the greater number of pinchings while three had more shoots when pinching was discontinued August 10.

1926, Bimonthly Bulletin of the Ohio Agricultural Experiment Station, page 139:

(horticulture) The act of pinching off new growth.


topsoil

en-noun

topsoil (countable and uncountable, plural topsoils)

Little grew on the farm, after the floods from the hurricane washed away the topsoil.

Without urgent action, the majority of the Earth’s topsoil could be severely degraded or lost before the end of this century. In China, topsoil is being lost fifty-seven times faster than this natural replacement process; in Europe seventeen times faster.

2013, Al Gore, “Outgrowth”, in The Future: Six Drivers of Global Change, New York: Random House, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 183:

(horticulture) The upper layer of soil, typically most fertile and in which it is the easiest to start new plants.

表土

the most fertile soil, easiest to start new plants in


balling

balling (countable and uncountable, plural ballings)

Balling of queens seems to be relatively common in some strains of bee.

1986, Beowulf A. Cooper, Philip Denwood, The Honeybees of the British Isles, page 145:

The balling behaviour of workers has been explained by a "stress pheromone" hyphothesis: a disturbed queen produces a "stress pheromone" that stimulates an attack on her (balling) and her own death.

2013, Yaacov Lensky, Pierre Cassier, “Alarm Pheromones of the Queen and Worker Honey Bees”, in Avshalom Mizrahi, Yaacov Lensky, editor, Bee Products: Properties, Applications, and Apitherapy, page 152:

The poetic fancy of Maeterlinck who, while he admits that "bees are not sentimental," will not allow the possibility of individual disloyalty in the hive, attributes the balling of the queen to a law which "invests her person, whoever she be, with a sort of inviolability," and prohibits the direct assault of any one bee:.

2013, A Beekeeper's Guide to Rearing Queen Bees:

(beekeeping) An incident when worker bees surround a queen bee, usually leading to her death by suffocation or starvation.


ploughing

ploughing (usually uncountable, plural ploughings)

ploughings (plural)
plowing (alternative)

(agriculture) The breaking of the ground into furrows (with a plough) for planting.


tillering

tillering (countable and uncountable, plural tillerings)

(uncountable) The property of grass species to produce multiple side shoots or tillers.


auricula

auricula (plural auriculae or auriculas)

Unadapted borrowing from Latin auricula (“external ear; ear”). Doublet of auricle.

ubor

Réné came on quietly, his trowel in one hand, some auricula roots in the other.

1919, Michael Wood, The White Island, page 122:

(horticulture, plural: auriculas) An ornamental primrose (Primula auricula)


barnyard

/ˈbɑɹnˌjɑɹd/

She always felt that eggs tasted better from barnyard chickens.

(agriculture) The yard associated with or surrounding a barn.


outplant

en-verb

outplant (third-person singular simple present outplants, present participle outplanting, simple past and past participle outplanted)

outplants (present singular third-person)
outplanting (participle present)
outplanted (participle past)
outplanted (past)

(horticulture) To plant outdoors (after rearing in a greenhouse etc.).


scarify

scarify (third-person singular simple present scarifies, present participle scarifying, simple past and past participle scarified)

scarifies (present singular third-person)
scarifying (participle present)
scarified (participle past)
scarified (past)

From French scarifier, from Late Latin scarificāre, from Latin scarifāre (“to scarify”), from Ancient Greek σκαριφᾶσθαι (skariphâsthai, “scratch”), from σκάριφος (skáriphos, “writing, drawing, sketching”).

der

/ˈskɑː.ɹɪˌfaɪ/

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-scarify.wav

(horticulture) To remove thatch (build-up of organic matter on the soil) from a lawn, to dethatch.

(horticulture) To damage the testa (seed coat) of a seed by cutting, scraping, chemicals, hot water, or fire to allow permeation of water and faster germination.


roughage

en-noun

roughage (countable and uncountable, plural roughages)

roughages (plural)
ruffage (alternative)

→ Hindi: रफ़ेज (rafej)

→ Urdu: رفیج (rafej)

From rough (“not smooth; crude, unrefined”) + -age (suffix forming nouns with the sense of appurtenance or collection).

suffix

(agriculture) Coarse or rough plant material such as hay and silage used as animal fodder.

груб/твърд материал

coarse or rough plant material used as animal fodder


fieldwork

en-noun

fieldwork (countable and uncountable, plural fieldworks)

fieldworks (plural)
field work (alternative)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-fieldwork.wav

From Middle English *felde-werk (found in plural felde werkes), equivalent to field + work.

veldwerk

(agriculture) work done out in the fields

The days now were occupied in field work and more field work; he cleared new bits of ground, getting out roots and stones; plowing, manuring, harrowing, working with pick and spade, breaking lumps of soil and crumbling them with hand and heel; a tiller of the ground always, laying out fields like velvet carpets. He waited a couple of days longer―there was a look of rain about―and then he sowed his grain.

1917, Knut Hamsun, Growth of the Soil, Book 1, Ch.3, at p.30

Besides the bookkeeping and marketing, there's a ton of fieldwork to get done this week.

en:agricultural work done outdoors in the fields

(uncountable, agriculture) Work done out in the fields as opposed to that done elsewhere on the farm (e.g., barn, house, outbuildings, office).


hedera

From the genus name Hedera, in turn from Latin hedera (“ivy”).

The American Ivy Society hewed closely to the theme, exhibiting only hederas that come from Ireland or have an Irish name.

2007 March 8, Jan Benzel, “Philadelphia Calls Off Winter for a Week”, in New York Times:

(horticulture) Any Old World ivy of the genus Hedera


seeder

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-seeder.wav

(agriculture) A device used to plant seeds; a seed drill


sustainable development

sustainable development (countable and uncountable, plural sustainable developments)

(agriculture, ecology) Development which seeks to produce sustainable economic growth while ensuring future generations' ability to do the same by not exceeding the regenerative capacity of nature.

تَنْمِيَة مُسْتَدَامَة

development seeking to economic growth while ensuring future generations' ability to do the same, by not exceeding natural regenerative capacity


hop garden

On leaving Wye, we find the country changing character; the Downs come closer to the line, and grazing gives way to orchards and hop-gardens, with pleasant farm buildings, including oasthouses, another characteristic Kentish sight.

1952 July, A. W. V. Mace, “The Ashford, Canterbury, and Ramsgate Railway”, in Railway Magazine, page 436:

The line is now well into the Wealden hills. Running along the Teise valley, the slopes of which are covered in hop gardens, it falls at gradients of 1 in 106 and 213 to Goudhurst, 6⅜ miles out, [...].

1960 March, H. P. White, “The Hawkhurst branch of the Southern Region”, in Trains Illustrated, page 172:

(agriculture, British) A field, fields or farm where hops are grown.


whipstitch

(agriculture) Half-ploughing or raftering.


whipstitch

en-verb

whipstitch (third-person singular simple present whipstitches, present participle whipstitching, simple past and past participle whipstitched)

whipstitches (present singular third-person)
whipstitching (participle present)
whipstitched (participle past)
whipstitched (past)


string trimmer

/ˌstɹɪŋ ˈtɹɪmə/

/ˌstɹɪŋ ˈtɹɪmɚ/

(horticulture) A powered, hand-held garden implement that uses a rotating monofilament line to cut grass, etc., without damaging other objects.


seed corn

(agriculture) Seed that is saved from one year's harvest for the subsequent year's planting, rather than being used to make flour etc.


polyculture

en-noun

polyculture (countable and uncountable, plural polycultures)

(agriculture) The planting of two or more crops in the same place.


disbud

en-verb

disbud (third-person singular simple present disbuds, present participle disbudding, simple past and past participle disbudded)

disbuds (present singular third-person)
disbudding (participle present)
disbudded (participle past)
disbudded (past)

(horticulture) To remove buds from a plant in order to promote growth and health in the remaining buds.


pollard

pollard (third-person singular simple present pollards, present participle pollarding, simple past and past participle pollarded)

pollards (present singular third-person)
pollarding (participle present)
pollarded (participle past)
pollarded (past)

From poll (“head, scalp”) + -ard. The coin sense derives from the original penny's uncrowned obverse bust, as opposed to the laurel-wreathed form appearing on the rosary. The verb derives from the noun.

I didn't know one could pollard elms. I thought one only pollarded willows.

1910, Edward Morgan Forster, chapter 11, in Howards End:

As well as coppicing, other trees were pollarded, or lopped about 6 ft up the trunk so that the resulting growth was beyond the reach of grazing animals. Pollarding lengthens the life of trees, and the frequently made estimate '1,000 years old' could well be true of some sturdy old trunks.

1980, AA Book of British Villages, Drive Publications Ltd, page 118:

Cutting back to the same position annually is usually referred to as pollarding; cutting nearly to the ground is usually called stooling. Both are good methods of controlling height and maintaining vigor on plants that would normally grow to a large size.

2011, Edward F. Gilman, An Illustrated Guide to Pruning, 3rd edition, Clifton Park, N.Y.: Delmar, Cengage Learning, →ISBN, page 411:

I walked up the path, passing under a heavily pollarded oak.

2019, Ian McEwan, Machines Like Me, Jonathan Cape, page 287:

(horticulture) To prune a tree heavily, cutting branches back to the trunk, so that it produces dense new growth.


keiki

(horticulture) young plant in orchids that develops on the shoot in place of flower after flowering


thinning

The trimming, pruning and thinning must be managed with care. Some need more thinning than others.

1881, Indiana State Board of Agriculture, “Forestry”, in Annual Report of the Indiana State Board of Agriculture, page 232:

(agriculture, forestry) Process of removing plants or parts of plants to facilitate the growth of other plants

but with a suitable mixture of early and late maturing kinds, the young hickories, ashs and larches can be utilized as thinnings, at a profit. In estimating the value of the thinnings upon the basis of Prof. Sargent's estimate of the acreage yield of hoop poles from hickory plantations,

1878, Wisconsin State Horticultural Society, “Trees for the roadside and farm”, in Annual report of the Wisconsin State Horticultural Society, page 59:

(agriculture, forestry) Wood, leaves, or other plant parts removed during the process of thinning


prilled

Availability of NH₄⁺ N in the surface soil (0-15 cm) was initially lower from deep-placed USG compared with prilled urea split and neem-coated urea, but increased up to 45 d after transplanting (Patel et al 1989).

1998, S. K. Mohanty, U. Singh, V. Balasubramanian, K. P. Jha, “Nitrogen placement technologies for productivity, profitability, and environmental quality of rainfed lowland rice system”, in V. Balasubramanian, J. K. Ladha, G. L. Denning, editors, Resource Management in Rice Systems: Nutrients, page 61:

(mining, manufacturing and agriculture) formed into pellets


hilling

en-noun

hilling (usually uncountable, plural hillings)

the hilling of potatoes

(horticulture) The act or process of heaping up earth around plants.


earlet

(agriculture) A grain-bearing tip part of the stem of a cereal plant which is not fully developed or a small one.


riving

(historical, agriculture) A strip of a townfield.


stone mulching

First entered wide use following the publication of Stone Mulching in the Garden by J.I. Rodale in 1949.

"My old roommate Erin Lee and I were first taught stone mulching by Ruth Hanner up in her Köke'e garden on Kaua'i. She had been taught this technique as a young farmer's wife in Peru."

2005, Heidi Leianuenue Bornhorst, Growing Native Hawaiian Plants, →ISBN, page 14:

"In experiments, stone mulching decreases soil water evaporation, protects against wind and rain erosion, and reduces daily temperature fluctuation."

2007, Jared Diamond, “Easter Island Revisited”, in Science, 317(5845), page 1693:

(horticulture) The practice of covering plant roots with stone, in the manner of a mulch.


laddering

laddering (countable and uncountable, plural ladderings)

ploughings and ladderings

(agriculture, countable) A process of soil compaction that serves to break up clods and level a field.


regrowing

(agriculture, ecology) The self-cultivation of vegetables by city dwellers, using flower pots and windowsills, growing them from roots, cuttings, and scraps, for recycling and sustainable living.


winter-hained

(agriculture) Of pasture: having livestock removed from it so that it may recover from grazing.


interplant

the patented machine functions to deposit the plants onto the field at only one fixed spatial relationship whereby the machine cannot accommodate different crops and/or different growing conditions wherein different interplant spacings might be required.

1977, Lawrence L. Ingram et al., "Transplanting apparatus," US Patent 4104975, page 8


interplant

en-verb

interplant (third-person singular simple present interplants, present participle interplanting, simple past and past participle interplanted)

interplants (present singular third-person)
interplanting (participle present)
interplanted (participle past)
interplanted (past)

The most extensive of these field tests was conducted in a 5-acre young apple orchard temporarily interplanted, as is frequently the custom, with peach trees.

1931, Wendell H. Tisdale, "Insect Repellent," US Patent 2205232 http://www.google.com/patents?id=JFplAAAAEBAJ, page 4

(agriculture) To alternate plantings of two or more species.


cash crop

So the matter rested until the Cranbrook & Paddock Wood Company was incorporated on August 8, 1877, appropriately displaying a bunch of hops on its seal, for these had become the principal cash crop in the area.

1960 March, H. P. White, “The Hawkhurst branch of the Southern Region”, in Trains Illustrated, page 170:

(agriculture) A crop that is grown for sale rather than for personal food or for feeding to livestock.


brown bagging

(agriculture) The agricultural practice of planting seed saved from the farmer's own harvest, as opposed to buying new seed from a seed company.


deadman

From dead + man. In the sense referring to a safety switch, the notion of an operator who is dead is the figurative archetype representing any incapacitation, absence, or inattention. See also Dead Hand in that regard.

[...] a Brown-Boveri deadman's control; [...].

1962 April, “Beyond the Channel: Western Germany: The Henschel 4,000 h.p. V320 diesel”, in Modern Railways, page 274:

(rail transport, manufacturing, agriculture, safety equipment) A cutout device that operates in the event that an operator releases the control handles, leaves the operator's seat, or otherwise seems to be no longer present and alert.


acre foot

(US, engineering, agriculture) A unit of measure, used for volumes of water, equal to one acre times one foot (that is, to the amount of water required to cover one acre of land to a depth of one foot), which is 43,560 cubic feet, 325,851 gallons, 1,233 cubic meters.


meeker

meeker (third-person singular simple present meekers, present participle meekering, simple past and past participle meekered)

meekers (present singular third-person)
meekering (participle present)
meekered (participle past)
meekered (past)

After the field has been meekered it looks like it had been gone over with a garden rake, all clods having been cut or crushed and as level as a floor.

1918, Report of the Iowa State Horticultural Society, page 333:

I did not think it was necessary for all of you realize that your ground should be plowed, disked, harrowed, and meekered for a good seed bed.

1943, Ohio Vegetable and Potato Growers Association, Proceedings of the Annual Meeting:

The area was plowed on May 10, 1977, disked on May 15 and meekered and harrowed on May 23 and 27.

1978, Ezuddin Sultan Mohammed, Early competition between redroot pigweed and tomato, page 51:

(agriculture) To break up and smooth soil with a harrow.


muckology

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-muckology.wav

(rare, humorous, agriculture slang) The "science" of mucking around in cow manure.


stocker

When sheep are shipped as stockers from the ranges, the numbers are such usually as to admit of grading the animals before they are shipped.

1914, Thomas Shaw, Management and Feeding of Sheep, Orange Judd Co., page 361:

The production of stockers and feeders should be confined to those parts of the country where the larger part of the land cannot be plowed profitably, and grass is the principal crop.

1918, Frank Duane Gardner, Live Stock and Dairy Farming, The John C. Winston Company, page 53:

All feeder calves wintered and sold in the spring are stockers, whether they go to grass or to the feedlot.

1988, Beef: Stocker Cattle, Clemson University, page 1:

Will you keep those calves as feeders or only as stockers?

(agriculture) Livestock that is wintered and then sold in the spring; often contrasted with a feeder when the focus is on intended disposition.


antitranspirant

(botany, horticulture) Reducing transpiration in plants.


antitranspirant

(botany, horticulture) A substance applied to plant leaves to reduce transpiration.

antitranspirante

a substance applied to plant leaves to reduce transpiration


tankage

en-noun

tankage (countable and uncountable, plural tankages)

(agriculture) Waste matter from tanks, especially the dried nitrogenous residue from tanks in which fat has been rendered, used as a fertilizer.


flooder

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-flooder.wav

If this first catch-water is to be employed at any time as a flooder, the upper edge of its bank must be carefully trimmed to the level; but I believe, on the whole, it will be more advisable to make a separate flooder immediately below, which may be cut at the exact level by means of the plumb rule, to the depth of one, and width of two feet; with an outlet from the catch-water at every five or ten Irish chains.

1814, The Fourth Report of the Commissioners Appointed to Enquire into the Nature and Extent of the Several Bogs in Ireland and the Practicability of Draining and Cultivating Them, page 35:

When we got the water raised to a sufficient height, we formed a main conducting flooder along the head of the ridges, and made small feeders from it to conduct the water occasionally into each ridge.

GARDEN FLOODER is a lawn and garden irrigating device that allows flooding of large areas without excessive runoff, erosion or evaporation. Made of polyethylene, the flooder is designed so that water flow is slowed without greatly reducing the volume.

1965, Science News - Volumes 87-88, page 336:

(agriculture) A channel or device for carrying and controlling water used in flood irrigation.


battery cage

(agriculture) A small cage in which a hen is kept to lay eggs.


aphicide

aphicides (plural)
aphidicide (alternative)

(agriculture) Any pesticide intended to kill aphids


duplet

(beekeeping, archaic) An empty box placed above the existing boxes of the beehive in order to allow the colony to expand or store additional honey.


windboard

windboards (plural)
wind-board (alternative)

The platform grain shield and the windboard at rear of the binder deck will assist in making better bundles and prevent scattering of grain, if properly adjusted for long or short straw.

1935, Deere & Company, The Operation, Care, and Repair of Farm Machinery, page 114:

(agriculture) In a mechanical harvester, a board which shelters harvested grain and prevents it being blown away by the wind.


crop rotation

crop rotation (countable and uncountable, plural crop rotations)

(agriculture) A farming practice in which the same land is used to grow different crops in successive seasons or years (when once the land would have been left fallow); used to prevent erosion and increase fertility.


cultigen

From culti(vated) + -gen or from Latin cultus (“cultivated”) + gēns (“kind”). Coined by American botanist Liberty Hyde Bailey in 1918.

(botany, horticulture) A plant that has been deliberately altered or selected by humans, that is it has resulted from artificial rather than natural selection.


cleft grafting

(horticulture) a method of grafting in which the scion is placed in a cleft or slit in the stock or stump made by sawing off a branch, usually in such a manner that its bark evenly joins that of the stock.


splice grafting

(horticulture) A method of grafting by cutting the ends of the scion and stock completely across and obliquely, in such a manner that the sections are of the same shape, then lapping the ends so that the one cut surface exactly fits the other, and securing them by tying or otherwise.


requeen

en-verb

requeen (third-person singular simple present requeens, present participle requeening, simple past and past participle requeened)

requeens (present singular third-person)
requeening (participle present)
requeened (participle past)
requeened (past)

Requeening means changing the queen of a colony, either to secure better stock, or to replace a queen which...cannot furnish the eggs necessary to the development of a normal colony.

1917 Dadant, C. P., First Lessons in Beekeeping; revised & rewritten edition, 1968, by M. G. Dadant and J. C. Dadant, p 93

(beekeeping) To change or replace the queen bee of a colony of bees.


propago

(horticulture) A layer or branch laid down to root.


autocide

en-noun

autocide (countable and uncountable, plural autocides)

Generally, autocide is most effective when applied to restricted populations (islands, etc.), but can be effective on parts of continents.

1975, Dennis S. Hill, Agricultural Insect Pests of the Tropics and Their Control, 2nd edition, →ISBN, page 22:

(agriculture) Control of a pest through propagation of sterile males.


disbudding

disbudding (countable and uncountable, plural disbuddings)

(agriculture) Removal of superfluous bud growths from a plant, done to encourage more robust growth of the fruit.


stooker

A person (e.g., smallholder, farm laborer) who gathers sheaves into stooks (shocks).

A piece of mechanized farm equipment that does such a job, such as a bale stooker behind a baler or a sheaf stooker behind a binder (the latter type is largely obsolete).


haymaker

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-haymaker.wav

From Middle English heymakere; equivalent to hay + maker.

A long rank of haymakers—men and women—proceeded with their rakes, the white shirt-sleeves, straw bonnets, and ruddy faces, radiant in the bath of sunshine.

1853, Charlotte M. Yonge, chapter 7, in The Heir of Redclyffe:

(agriculture) A person or machine which harvests or prepares tall grass for use as animal fodder.


fastigiate

en-adj

fastigiate (comparative more fastigiate, superlative most fastigiate)

more fastigiate (comparative)
most fastigiate (superlative)

From New Latin fastīgiātus (“peaked”) (from fastīgium), see -ate (adjective-forming suffix).

This is a fastigiate variety.

(botany, horticulture) Having closely-bunched erect parallel branches


fastigiate

From a substantivation of the above adjective, see -ate (noun-forming suffix).

An evening spent with a good catalogue or gardening encyclopaedia will reveal an astonishingly wide range of both weepers and fastigiates.

1971, Anne Scott-James, Osbert Lancaster, Down to Earth, published 2004, →ISBN, page 23:

(horticulture) A tree or shrub with erect, parallel branches.


cleaning shoe

The cleaning shoe expels lightweight material known as chaff as well as material with intermediate aerodynamic properties, such as straw, from the back of the combine.

2003, William W. Casady, “Grain Harvesting Systems”, in Dennis R. Heldman, editor, Encyclopedia of Agricultural, Food, and Biological Engineering, →ISBN, page 449:

(agriculture) The part of a harvester or combine which both sieves out large impurities such as rocks and blows out light impurities such as chaff


fill soil

en-noun

fill soil (countable and uncountable, plural fill soils)

(construction, horticulture, archaeology) Soil used for filling, that is, found within or contemporaneously placed within a cavity, or a supply of soil for use as fill.


invasive exotic

invasive exotic (plural invasive exotics)

(agriculture) A species or an individual of a species that is foreign to an environment and that, when introduced to that environment, outcompetes native species.


uncapping

With a bent wire I drew out a large quantity of dead bees, mixed with the uncappings of the combs, and much signs of dysentery.

1895, British Bee Journal & Bee-keepers Adviser, volume 23, page 90:

The tank at the left is a large galvanized arrangement that we use for taking the honey from the uncappings.

1907, Novices' Gleanings in Bee Culture, volumes 35-36, page 1570:

(beekeeping) Wax removed from a honeycomb.


grex

Learned borrowing from Latin grex (“flock”).

lbor

(horticulture) A kind of group used in horticultural nomenclature, applied to the progeny of an artificial cross from specified parents, in particular for orchids.


perennialization

In fact, research in Canada, Australia, China and the United States over the last 30 years suggests that perennialization of the major grain crops like wheat, rice, sorghum and sunflowers can be developed in the foreseeable future.

2009 January 5, Wes Jackson, Wendell Berry, “A 50-Year Farm Bill”, in New York Times:

(agriculture) The conversion of a plant from an annual to a perennial


half-standard

(horticulture) In gardening, a tree or shrub whose branches start from three to four feet from the ground. This makes the entire plant lower than a plant of the same type of the standard form.


seed drill

seed drills (plural)
seed-drill (alternative)

Most Chinese seed-drills sow not only seed but also manure. The idea was almost as old as the seed-drill itself in Europe, and it was common in India too.

1984, Joseph Needham, Francesca Bray, Science and Civilisation in China, Volume 6, Part 2, page 270:

American farmers began using the seed drill on a limited basis by 1775.

2002, R. Douglas Hurt, American Agriculture: A Brief History, Revised edition, page 102:

Another major advancement in the field of agriculture was the seed drill. The seed drill helped the row farming of the Chinese.[…]The first seed drill was introduced into Europe 1600 years after the Chinese had improved upon their original design.

2003, Ron Shaw, Great Inventors and Inventions, page 17:

Seeding with the Chinese seed drill requires higher than normal soil moisture compared to conventionally tilled wheat.

2004, D. S. Pathic, R. K. Shrestha, “11: No-Till in the Rice-Wheat System: An Experience from Nepal”, in Rattan Lal, Peter R. Hobbs, Norman Uphoff, editors, Sustainable Agriculture and the International Rice-Wheat System, page 215:

In 1701, English inventor Jethro Tull built a prototype seed drill that planted a metered stream of seeds at the right depth and covered them with soil to optimize growth. The fact that the seed drill sowed seeds in regular straight rows also meant that a mechanical horse-drawn hoe (another invention by Tull) could be used to remove weeds from between the rows.

2005, Rick Kubik, How to Use Implements on Your Small-Scale Farm, page 43:


varroa

These bees are resistant to varroa.

Swarms were reasonably common place in rural areas when New Zealand had a large feral bee population but few wild bees now survive due to varroa disease.

2009 January 29, Don Farmer, “Shop forced to shut as bees swarm”, in Wairarapa Times-Age:

(beekeeping, chiefly New Zealand) Infestation with the mite Varroa destructor, or the disease caused by such mites.

varroatosis

condition of infestation of a colony by Varroa mites


bolter

trap

antonym(s) of “missed landing on an aircraft carrier”

Evidence is accumulating that bolters are plants which have changed their long-day habit to that of short-day.

1949, Redcliffe Nathan Salaman, The History and Social Influence of the Potato, published 2000, page 68:

(botany, horticulture) A plant that grows larger and more rapidly than usual.


rootstock

(agriculture) A healthy and vigorous-rooted plant that is used in grafting, most commonly as a sound base to support a scion that bears desirable fruit in orchard culture.

perusrunko

a healthy plant used as the base for grafting


nicotiana

Learned borrowing from taxonomic name Nicotiāna, from (Jean) Nicot (French ambassador to Portugal, who sent seeds back to France in 1561) + -iāna (adjective forming suffix) (feminine of -iānus).

suf

But strong-stemmed bushy plants like salvias, coneflowers, cosmos, marigolds, nicotianas and zinnias should be cut back only to the next strong branch or pair of branches.

2007 July 12, Leslie Land, “Garden Q.&A.”, in New York Times:

(horticulture) Any ornamental plant of the genus Nicotiana


remineralization

en-noun

remineralization (countable and uncountable, plural remineralizations)

remineralizations (plural)
remineralisation (alternative)

(agriculture) The reintroduction of minerals to the soil for agricultural benefit.


pastoralist

2015, Elizabeth Royte, Vultures Are Revolting. Here’s Why We Need to Save Them., National Geographic (December 2015)https://web.archive.org/web/20151213095110/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2016/01/vultures-text
As our truck weaves through flocks of sheep and goats, Virani explains how the Maasai have in recent years leased their land, which rings the northern section of the Masai Mara National Reserve, to conservancies established to protect wildlife by excluding pastoralists and their livestock.

(agriculture) A person involved in pastoralism, whose primary occupation is the raising of livestock


aquaculturist

(agriculture) A person involved in aquaculture.


baptisia

“We’re really excited about the new baptisias out of Chicago Botanic Garden,” said Steven Castorani, a co-owner of North Creek Nurseries, which specializes in native plants, in Landenberg, Pa.

2008 January 24, Anne Raver, “What the Nurseries Like for Spring”, in New York Times:

(horticulture) Any of various ornamental plants of the genus Baptisia


oxalis

My oxalis and begonias are all in bloom at the windows of my bedroom.

2007 April 5, Anne Raver, “Rethinking the Pots on an Old, Cracked Terrace”, in New York Times:

(horticulture) Any of various ornamental flowering plants of the genus Oxalis

mingots

any of various ornamental flowering plants of the genus Oxalis


pulverizer

(agriculture) A device for crushing clods of soil in a field.


strimmer

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-strimmer.wav

Blend of string + trimmer, originally a trademark in the United Kingdom.

string trimmer

(British, horticulture) Synonym of string trimmer (“a powered, hand-held garden implement that uses a rotating monofilament line to cut grass, etc., without damaging other objects”).


biodynamics

Marc Kreydenweiss, an Alsatian producer, is a champion of biodynamics, an extreme form of organic agriculture based on the planets’ positions.

2007 September 30, Howard G. Goldberg, “A Red to Pour With Burgers”, in New York Times:

I had heard that a cool cosmetic company, Dr. Hauschka, used biodynamically grown botanicals, and something about the teetotaling founder of the Waldorf Schools, philosopher Rudolph Steiner, who had also founded biodynamics and died in the 1920s. But several of the wines I'd already earmarked as winners turned out to be made either purely or in part with biodynamics.

2009, Alice Feiring, The Battle for Wine and Love: or How I Saved the World from Parkerization, HMH, →ISBN:

(agriculture) Biodynamic agricultural practices similar to organic farming.


CMV

cucumber mosaic virus
w:cucumber mosaic virus

(agriculture) Initialism of cucumber mosaic virus.


aflaj

aflajes (plural)
aflaj (plural)
aflaaj (alternative)

Borrowed from Arabic أَفْلَاج (ʔaflāj), plural of فَلَج (falaj, “irrigation channel”).

(agriculture) An irrigation system which catches mountain water and controls its movement down man-made subterranean channels, found in Oman.


solarize

en-verb

solarize (third-person singular simple present solarizes, present participle solarizing, simple past and past participle solarized)

solarizes (present singular third-person)
solarizing (participle present)
solarized (participle past)
solarized (past)
solarise (alternative)

In areas with abundant sunlight, you can solarize the soil to disinfect it of fungi, bacteria, nematodes, and even weed seeds (see page 83).

2000, Beth Hanson, Natural Disease Control, →ISBN, page 97:

The best time to solarize is when the sun is at its hottest, at mid summer.

2005, Victoria Renoux, For the Love of Garlic: The Complete Guide to Garlic Cuisine, →ISBN, page 106:

Another even more effective method is to heavily douse the area with common grocery store vinegar (white or apple cider), and then cover it with plastic and solarize it for two weeks. If after two weeks you still have problems, apply more vinegar and solarize for the rest of the summer and try again next year. Remember to clean the land before you solarize.

2016, Caleb Warnock, Stress-Free Vegetable Gardening: Thriving Gardens with Minimal Effort, →ISBN:

(horticulture) To treat soil by covering with plastic and exposing to sunlight.


oatlage

(agriculture) Silage made from oats: oat silage.


cottonfield

(agriculture) a field in which the cotton plant is grown and harvested.


haylage

en-noun

haylage (countable and uncountable, plural haylages)

Blend of hay + silage. Coined in 1949 to distinguish this type of fodder from earlier types of grass silage with higher moisture percentages.

(agriculture) A type of silage with a high dry-matter content, made from the same grasses or legumes from which hay is made (such as alfalfa, timothy, and others) but not dried as much as hay nor as little as direct-chop/green-chop silage (before being ensiled).


malaxation

malaxation (countable and uncountable, plural malaxations)

(agriculture) The process of slowly churning milled oil crops such as olives, allowing droplets of oil to aggregate for more effective separation.


chemigation

chemigation (countable and uncountable, plural chemigations)

(agriculture) The application of a pesticide or fertilizer through an irrigation system.


commodity exchange

commodity exchange (plural commodity exchanges)

(finance, agriculture) An organization operating under a set of bylaws aimed at promoting trade in one or more commodities by providing services and rules for the conduct of trade.


fed cattle

Even though the empirical analysis used here cannot formally test which of several possible factors is the cause of any asymmetry, it is important to establish theoretical reasons to expect spatial price adjustments for fed cattle to be asymmetric.

1989 December, DeeVon Bailey, B. Wade Brorsen, “Price Asymmetry in Spatial Fed Cattle Markets”, in Western Journal of Agricultrual Economics, volume 8, number 2, page 246:

(agriculture) Cattle leaving a feedlot, after fattening on a concentrated ration, that are ready to be sold to a packinghouse for slaughter.


organic farming

Another problem was that some organism groups have been studied more frequently than other because they are very relevant to organic farming, for example natural enemies of pests, such as carabids, and vascular plants (21% and 35% of studies regarding species richness, respectively).

2005 March 14, Janne Bengtsson et al., “The effects of organic agriculture on biodiversity and abundance: a meta-analysis”, in Journal of Applied Ecology, volume 42, number 2, →DOI, page 246:

(agriculture) An approach to farming based on biological methods that avoid the use of synthetic crop or livestock production inputs and on a broadly defined philosophy of farming that puts value on ecological harmony, resource efficiency, and non-intensive animal husbandry practices.


plasticulture

plasticulture (countable and uncountable, plural plasticultures)

Careful innovation and novel use of appropriate plasticulture can revolutionize Indian agriculture allowing the country to enter into high-tech areas of development.

1994, A. N. Sarkar, chapter 14, in Integrated horticulture development in eastern Himalayas, →ISBN, page 241:

This technology is already in use in plasticulture throughout the world but legislation will in the future limit the use of materials that accumulate in soil or lead to the generation of long-term toxic products in the soil.

2005, Ray Smith, chapter 17.4, in Biodegradable polymers for industrial applications, →ISBN, page 470:

(agriculture, uncountable) The use of plastics in agriculture.

Most strawberries are soil grown in various configurations, under plasticulture (Pitts et al., 1998) or straw mulch.

2005, J. Benton Jones, chapter 11, in Hydroponics: a practical guide for the soilless grower, →ISBN, page 256:

(agriculture, countable) The plastics used in agriculture.


return flow

return flow (countable and uncountable, plural return flows)

(agriculture) Surface or subsurface water that leaves the field following application of irrigation water.


hyperhygienist

en-adj

hyperhygienist (comparative more hyperhygienist, superlative most hyperhygienist)

more hyperhygienist (comparative)
most hyperhygienist (superlative)

genetically modified organism
genetically modified organism

(derogatory, agriculture, environment) Having an overemphasis on "safety" or "cleanliness" as defined only for the consumer, that effectively forces the use of pesticides, other chemicals, or even requires or encourages genetically modified organisms to prevent insects; and applied to certain agricultural policies, laws, food regulations, wholesale food buying rules, and tax, tariff and trade measures by advocates of organic farming.


hopyard

(agriculture) An outdoor area where hops are grown.


aquacultural

(agriculture) Of or pertaining to aquaculture.


Marocain

/ˌmæɹəˈkeɪn/

/ˌmɑɹəˈkeɪn/

Borrowed from French Marocain (“Moroccan”), from Maroc (“Morocco”) (from Medieval Latin Marrochium (“the city of Marrakech, the former capital of Morocco”), ultimately from Berber Murt n Akush (“Land of God”)) + -ain (suffix forming demonyms).

der

Gros Maroc (Marocain).—Bunches large, long, and shouldered, and with a long stalk. Berries large and oval. Skin thick, of a deep reddish-purple, and covered with an abundant blue bloom. Flesh tender, sweet, and richly flavoured.

1860, Robert Hogg, “Grapes”, in The Fruit Manual; Containing the Descriptions & Synonymes of the Fruits and Fruit Trees Commonly Met with in the Gardens & Orchards of Great Britain, with Selected Lists of Those Most Worthy of Cultivation, London: Cottage Gardener Office, […], →OCLC, page 105:

Gros Maroc. Marocain. An excellent variety, ripening after Black Hamburgh. A great bearer, well suited to a cold vinery.

1872, A[ndrew] J[ackson] Downing, Charles Downing, “The Grape”, in The Fruits and Fruit-trees of America; […] , 2nd revised and corrected edition, part II (Cherries, Grapes, Peaches, Pears, &c.), New York, N.Y.: John Wiley & Son, […], →OCLC, page 519:


dry off

en-verb

dry off (third-person singular simple present dries off, present participle drying off, simple past and past participle dried off)

dries off (present singular third-person)
drying off (participle present)
dried off (participle past)
dried off (past)

In an early study with cows producing very little milk at drying off, new infection rates were about equal whether cows were dried off abruptly or after a period of intermittent milking.

1986, Eberhart, R. J., “Management of Dry Cows to Reduce Mastitis”, in Journal of Dairy Science, volume 69, number 6, →DOI, pages 1721-1732:

Thus, revenue from milk yield before dry-off is higher for cows that are abruptly dried off.

2020 September 24, Pornpamol Pattamanont, Marcos Marcondes, Albert De Vries, “Advantages and Disadvantages of Various Dry-off Methods for Dairy Cows”, in edis.ifas.ufl.edu, archived from the original on 2023-08-11:

If you are drying off more cows than normal you are likely to need to increase the area in which you normally keep dry cows.

2023 December 8 (last accessed), “Drying dairy cows off early”, in Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board, archived from the original on 2023-02-04:

(transitive, agriculture) To cease milking a cow in preparation for calving.

запуска́ти

to cease milking a cow in preparation for calving


seton

From Middle English seton, setoun, from Medieval Latin sētō, sētōn-.

If the predisposition to the disease has arisen from a plethoric state of the system, or from a turgescence in the vessels of the head, this is to be obviated by bleeding, both generally and topically, but more particularly the latter; an abstemious diet and proper exercise; and by a seton in the neck.

1842, Gibbons Merle, John Reitch, The Domestic Dictionary and Housekeeper’s Manual: Comprising Everything Related to Cookery, Diet, Economy and Medicine. By Gibbons Merle. The Medical Portion of the Work by John Reitch, M.D., London: William Strange, 21, Paternoster Row, →OCLC, page 360, column 2:

The animal was lean and tall, and had a moth-eaten mane, rough hoofs and loose shoes; a seton bobbed up and down on its breast.

1904, Gustave Flaubert, Over Strand and Field:

(medicine, agriculture) A few silk threads or horsehairs, or a strip of linen etc., introduced beneath the skin by a knife or needle, so as to induce suppuration; also, the issue so formed.


apicultural

en-adj

apicultural (comparative more apicultural, superlative most apicultural)

more apicultural (comparative)
most apicultural (superlative)


aration

(obsolete, agriculture) ploughing, tillage


arviculture

From Latin arvum (“field”) + cultura (“cultivation”).


treillage

admire the treillage

1863 February 21, “The Spectator”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name):

October 23, 1778, Horace Walpole, letter to the Hon. H. S. Conway
I shall plant the roses against my treillage to-morrow.

(horticulture) latticework for supporting vines, etc.; an espalier; a trellis.


widger

(horticulture) A small gardening tool used to loosen soil, consisting of a long thin spatula with a handle.


feeder cattle

(agriculture) Steers or cows that are mature enough to be placed in a feedlot in preparation for slaughter.


biobed

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-biobed.wav

(agriculture) A pit of soil used in agriculture to capture pesticide residue and break it down.


cold frame

(agriculture, horticulture) A transparent-roofed enclosure, built low to the ground, used to protect plants from cold weather.


earth up

en-verb

earth up (third-person singular simple present earths up, present participle earthing up, simple past and past participle earthed up)

earths up (present singular third-person)
earthing up (participle present)
earthed up (participle past)
earthed up (past)

Earth up a potato crop several times during the season to encourage more tubers to grow.

(horticulture, transitive) To cover the stem or leaves of plants with soil, as to encourage root growth or protect from cold.


propagant

(horticulture) Part of a plant used for propagation.


handplant

handplant (third-person singular simple present handplants, present participle handplanting, simple past and past participle handplanted)

handplants (present singular third-person)
handplanting (participle present)
handplanted (participle past)
handplanted (past)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-handplant.wav

(horticulture, transitive) To plant a seed with one's hands, as opposed to a machine or tool.


dead furrow

(agriculture) A furrow left in the field that is slightly wider than twice the width of a plow bottom, usually occurring at the completion of a field.


understock

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-understock.wav

(horticulture) The rootstock onto which the scion is grafted.


aquaponics

The tomato may in fact have absorbed a flavor from the soil in which it was grown, one granted neither by the sand of Florida's winter tomatoes exported North, nor by hothouse aquaponics.

1990, Eugene B[loor] Brody, Psychoanalytic Knowledge, Madison, Conn.: International Universities Press, →ISBN, page 111:

The warm water in which [Donnie] Tenney's tilapia swim and grow is pumped from the fish tanks to beds nurturing basil, rosemary, and cucumber, then drained, filtered, and recirculated to the tilapia. The hybrid aquaculture-hydroponics system, dubbed aquaponics, uses pumps, aerators, greenhouse lights, and fans all powered by natural gas from an abandoned gas well.

2000 May–August, Carl Hoffmann, “Mining Fresh Water for Aquaculture”, in Appalachia, volume 33, number 2, Washington, D.C.: Appalachian Regional Commission, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 24, columns 1–2:

Pumps send the dirty fish water up into beds of watercress, which filter pollutants and trickle the cleaner water back down to the fish – a symbiotic system called aquaponics.

2009 July 5, Elizabeth Royte, “Street farmer”, in The New York Times, archived from the original on 2017-04-19:

(agriculture) A sustainable food production system that combines traditional aquaculture with hydroponics, with effluent from the water in which fish are reared being used as nutrition for plants.

akwaponika

system that combines aquaculture with hydroponics

vesiviljelyn ja kalankasvatuksen yhdistäminen


beetle bank

(agriculture) A strip of land within a crop field or garden that is planted with grasses or perennial plants in order to provide a habitat for beneficial insects, birds, and other fauna.


plant out

plant out (third-person singular simple present plants out, present participle planting out, simple past and past participle planted out)

plants out (present singular third-person)
planting out (participle present)
planted out (participle past)
planted out (past)

(transitive, horticulture) To put (a plant) into the ground outside, from a greenhouse or a plant pot.


unheading

an unheading cabbage


U-pick

From u (“an abbreviation of you”) + pick.

com

an abbreviation of <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">you</i>

I live near a U-pick strawberry farm.

(agriculture, marketing) Of a farm operation, in which a customer can harvest the produce they wish to purchase.


urinarium

en-noun

urinarium (plural urinariums or urinaria)

/ˌjʊəɹɪˈnɛəɹi.əm/

/ˌjʊɹɪˈnɛɹi.əm/

(archaic, agriculture) A pit used for storing urine, which may be later used to make manure.


lugmark

(agriculture, historical or archaic) A mark cut into the ear of an animal to identify it; an earmark.


fallowist

a controversy has arisen between two sects, the fallowists, and anti-fallowists, which has been conducted with much keenness and ability

1817, John Sinclair, The Code of Agriculture:

(archaic, agriculture) Someone who fallows land, or believes in fallowing land.


twinter

(UK, agriculture, dialect, obsolete) A farm animal two winters old.


unqueen

en-verb

unqueen (third-person singular simple present unqueens, present participle unqueening, simple past and past participle unqueened)

unqueens (present singular third-person)
unqueening (participle present)
unqueened (participle past)
unqueened (past)


binsite

(US, agriculture) A location where grain is stored in bins.


scuffler

Near-synonyms: cultivator, scarifier, grubber, horse hoe (not always precisely differentiated; dialectal usage has varied)

(archaic, agriculture) A scarifier; an implement resembling a scarifier but lighter.


sharebeam

sharebeams (plural)
share-beam (alternative)

(agriculture) The part of a plough to which the share is attached.


rareripe

rare-ripe (alternative)
ratheripe (alternative)

(agriculture) ripening early (said most commonly of peaches and onions)


greenth

From green + -th (abstract nominal suffix). Compare Dutch groente.


fertigation

Blend of fertilize + irrigation or similar.

(agriculture) The application of fertilizers or other water-soluble products through an irrigation system.


tractioneer

From traction + -eer; Blend of traction engine (“tractor”) + engineer (“steam engine operator”).

blend

(obsolete, agriculture) An operator of a farm tractor (steam tractor or gas tractor).


thresherman

(obsolete, agriculture) the operator of a mechanical thresher

(obsolete, agriculture) the owner-operator of a mechanical thresher, operating as a threshing business

(obsolete, agriculture) by extension, the operator of mechanical farm equipment


sarculation

en-noun

sarculation (usually uncountable, plural sarculations)

(obsolete, agriculture) A raking away of weeds.


verdello

(horticulture) a light green variety of summer lemon made from Sicily, similar to a lime


poachy

en-adj

poachy (comparative poachier or more poachy, superlative poachiest or most poachy)

poachier (comparative)
more poachy (comparative)
poachiest (superlative)
most poachy (superlative)

(agriculture, archaic, said of land) Wet and soft; boggy


superhive

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-superhive.wav

(beekeeping) An empty box placed above the existing boxes of the beehive in order to allow the colony to expand or store additional honey.


superhive

en-verb

superhive (third-person singular simple present superhives, present participle superhiving, simple past and past participle superhived)

superhives (present singular third-person)
superhiving (participle present)
superhived (participle past)
superhived (past)

(beekeeping) To add or to place a superhive atop the existing boxes of the beehive.


pulverate

pulverate (third-person singular simple present pulverates, present participle pulverating, simple past and past participle pulverated)

pulverates (present singular third-person)
pulverating (participle present)
pulverated (participle past)
pulverated (past)

From Latin pulveratus, past participle of pulverare (“to pulverize”). See pulverize.

Have not we all seen the changed texture and productive quality of a weathered subsoil; seen the sterile clay from the deep drain moulder into manageable and wholesome soil under the culture of a single wintering: reminding us of the saying of Dr. Clarke, that "the frost is God's plough, which he drives through every inch of ground," pulverating and fructifying all ?

1856, “Deep Cultivation— At home and Abroad”, in British Farmer's Magazine, volume 77, page 536:

[…]shows a field of standing corn stalks being "pulverated" into a finished seedbed in one operation.

1928, Farm Machinery and Hardware, page 27:

Pulverating tough sod — making a finished seedbed, ready for planting, in one operation.

1929, Farm Equipment Red Book - Volumes 14-15, page 167:

Plowing cost less than pulverating.

1932, S. H. McCrory, Report of the Chief of the Bureau of Agricultural Engineering, page 13:

Judging from appearances, the plot which had been pulverated (plowed with a pulverator plow on March 17) and drilled immediately and the plot which had been pulverated and disked once were best.

2021, William Shurtleff, Akiko Aoyagi, History of Soybeans and the Great Agricultural Revolution (1874-2021), page 315:

(ambitransitive, agriculture) To break up soil or organic matter into a fine, powdery texture, often by means of a special plow.


thurl

1918, G. C. Humphrey, The Rural Efficiency Guide, Volume 4: Stock Book, page 22,
Deficiencies which are common to the hind quarters of the cow, include shortness and narrowness of rump, a drooping rump, narrowness between the thurls and pin bones and thickly fleshed thighs.

Also I would call attention to the fact that the heifers were wider through the thurls at five months of age than through the hips, but after they had become mature cows they were wider through (or across) their hips, than across their thurls.

1921, American Genetic Association, The Journal of Heredity, page 327:

[?Although] other measurements were taken, only height at withers, depth of chest and width between thurls were analysed statistically; these measurements are representative of development in height, depth and width of body, respectively.

1963, South African Journal of Agricultural Science, volume 6, page 478:

Her pin bones, thurls, and hips should be wide apart and level. The pin bones are the points at the rear of the cow protruding out from the pelvis. The thurls are the hip joints where the rear legs attach on either side of the cows pelvis.

2011, Philip Hasheider, The Family Cow Handbook: A Guide to Keeping a Milk Cow, page 40:

(agriculture, chiefly in the plural) Either of the rear hip joints where the hip connects to the upper leg in certain animals, particularly cattle; often used as a reference point for measurement.


stercorary

From Latin stercorarium, from stercorarius (“relating to dung”), from stercus.

(archaic, agriculture) A sheltered place for storing dung.


throw-crook

two persons are engaged in the making of one rope with the throw-crook; whereas, with the spinner, four persons are only required to make three ropes

1851, Henry Stephens, The Book of the Farm:

(archaic, agriculture) A tool for twisting ropes out of straw.


turnwrest

(UK, historical, agriculture) A cumbersome kind of plough formerly used in England, especially in Kent.


tath

en-noun

tath (countable and uncountable, plural taths)

taths (plural)
teathe (alternative)
tathe (alternative)

From Middle English tath, from Old Norse tað (“manure”), from Proto-Germanic *tadą (“manure”), from Proto-Indo-European *dāy- (“to divide, split, part, section”). Cognate with Icelandic tað (“manure, dung”), dialectal Swedish tad (“manure, dung”).

der

after the sheep have trod out a great quantity of stones, in feeding off turnips, to have them raked up clean, which I have known some farmers do, nor can the rake be used without taking some of the tathe, or dung, with them .

1804, Arthur Young, The Farmer's Calendar:

(UK, dialectal, agriculture, historical or archaic, Scotland) The dung of livestock left on a field to serve as manure or fertiliser.

(UK, dialectal, agriculture, histortical or archaic, Scotland) A piece of ground dunged by livestock.

(UK, dialectal, agriculture, historical or archaic, Scotland) Strong grass growing around the dung of kine.


tath

en-verb

tath (third-person singular simple present taths, present participle tathing, simple past and past participle tathed)

taths (present singular third-person)
tathing (participle present)
tathed (participle past)
tathed (past)
teathe (alternative)
tathe (alternative)

From Middle English tathen, from Old Norse teðja (“to manure”), from Proto-Germanic *tadjaną (“to strew, scatter”), from Proto-Indo-European *dāy- (“to divide, split, part, section”). Cognate with Icelandic teðja (“to dung, manure”), Norwegian tedja (“to dung”), German zetten (“to let fall in small pieces, let crumble”).

cog

I would have no more ploughed than has been tathed the preceding year

(UK, dialectal, agriculture, historical or archaic, Scotland) To manure (land) by pasturing cattle on it, or causing them to lie upon it.


catch-meadow

(obsolete, dialectal, agriculture) An irrigation system in which a meadow receives water from a spring or stream on the side of a hill.


childing

From late Middle English childing (“pregnant”), from childen (“to give birth to a child”) + -ing, -inge (suffix forming the present participles of verbs, which were often used as adjectives); equivalent to child (verb) + -ing (suffix forming adjectives with the sense ‘having a specified characteristic, nature, or quality’, and forming the present participles of verbs).

suf

/ˈt͡ʃaɪldɪŋ/

[page 323] Bellis minor hortenſis prolifera. Double double Daiſies or childing Daiſies. […] The chiefeſt variety conſiſteth in this, that is beareth many ſmall double flowers, ſtanding vpon very ſhort ſtalkes round about the middle flower, […] [page 324] The French call them Paſquettes, and Marguerites, and the Fruitfull ſort, or thoſe that beare ſmall flowers about the middle one, Margueritons: our Engliſh women call them Iacke an Apes on horſe-backe, as they doe Marigolds before recited, or childing Daiſies: but the Phyſitians and Apothecaries doe in generall call them, eſpecially the ſingle or Field kindes, Conſolida minor.

1629, John Parkinson, “Bellis. Daisie.”, in Paradisi in Sole Paradisus Terrestris. […], London: […] Hvmfrey Lownes and Robert Yovng […], →OCLC, pages 323–324:

(horticulture) Of a flowering plant: producing younger florets around an older flower.


storify

en-verb

storify (third-person singular simple present storifies, present participle storifying, simple past and past participle storified)

storifies (present singular third-person)
storifying (participle present)
storified (participle past)
storified (past)

The advocates for the storifying system boast, that it is highly favourable to the formation of artificial swarms; it should, however, be previously demonstrated, that any actual advantage is to be derived from an artificial swarm.

1844, Robert Huish, Bees: Their Natural History and General Management:

(beekeeping, transitive) To store (additional honey) in additional tiers or stories of a hive.


topbar

(beekeeping) One of a set of parallel bars, at the top of a beehive, to which the bees attach their comb.


pleaching

Osage thorn hedge should not be pleached during severe freezing weather, but pleaching may be done in mild weather, when there is but little frost in the wood, and in the winter in southern latitudes.

1868, “Osage Hedges”, in Report of the Commissioner of Agriculture for the Year 1868, Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, published 1869, →OCLC, page 255:

(horticulture) A technique of interweaving living and dead branches through a hedge for stock control; plashing.


pleached

en-adj

pleached (comparative more pleached, superlative most pleached)

more pleached (comparative)
most pleached (superlative)

[T]he prince and Count Claudio, walking in a thicke pleached alley in mine orchard, were thus much ouer-heard by a man of mine: [...]

1598–1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, Much Adoe about Nothing. […], quarto edition, London: […] V[alentine] S[immes] for Andrew Wise, and William Aspley, published 1600, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii]:

I, in my pleached garden, watched the pomp.

The garden ended in [...] pleached fruit trees.

2019, Ian McEwan, Machines Like Me, Jonathan Cape, page 229:

(horticulture) Of a hedge, trees, etc.: created by interweaving branches.


way-going

(agriculture, law) Synonym of away-going.


rape culture

From rape (“Brassica rapa plant”) + culture.

In Flanders, where rape culture is practised upon the most extensive and economical scale, the stubble is ploughed twice […]

It may be added, as a final recommendation of rape culture, that this plant is valuable for its yield of honey.

The progress in rape culture in this country is one of the marvels of latter day husbandry.

1899, GW Koiner, Report of the State Board of Agriculture of Virginia:

(agriculture) The cultivation (growing or production) of rape.

rapsin viljely

rape culture, cultivation of rape, rape cultivation


aquacultured

(agriculture) cultivated using aquaculture


thermopriming

(agriculture) The warming of seed prior to sowing.


trench-plough

trench-ploughs (plural)
trench-plow (alternative)

(agriculture) A plough for turning up the land more deeply than usual.


degerminator

The grains are then broken up in the degerminator, usually an impact mill.

2007, Y. H. Hui, PhD, Ramesh C. Chandan, Stephanie Clark, Handbook of Food Products Manufacturing, page 374:

(agriculture) A device that separates the germ from the husk of a cereal grain.


pottable

(horticulture) Suitable for planting in a pot.


smother crop

(agriculture) A kind of cover crop planted near a primary crop in order to prevent the growth of weeds in that area.


viruliferous

viruliferous (comparative more viruliferous, superlative most viruliferous)

more viruliferous (comparative)
most viruliferous (superlative)

Circumstantial evidence suggests that heavy infestation by viruliferous aphids can overcome the highest degree of host plant resistance.

1968, M. J. Crampton and L. E. Watts, "Genetic Studies of Pea Leaf-Roll (Top-Yellows) Virus Resistance in Pisum sativum," New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, vol, 11, no. 4, p. 773 (Google preview)

Viruliferous curl mites increase during summer on volunteer wheat, and are carried by air currents into the new wheat crop.

1992 September 3, “Farmers concerned about frost, wheat ready for planting”, in McCook Daily Gazette, retrieved 2013-03-06, page 8:

Maize streak virus, an endemic pathogen of native African grasses, was then carried to maize plants by viruliferous leafhoppers.

2007 July 10, “Resistant variety of maize giving some hope”, in The Hindu, retrieved 2013-03-06:

(biology, agriculture) Virus-carrying, especially of insects which infest agricultural crops.


budder

(horticulture) A person who practices budding (a form of grafting).


fruitset

en-noun

fruitset (countable and uncountable, plural fruitsets)

fruitsets (plural)
fruit-set (alternative)

Later, Schaible (49) also noticed that tomato fruit-set is generally poor when the night temperature exceeds 23 °C. Howlett (25) points out that both night and day temperatures are important factors limiting tomato fruit-set.

1979, Robert Cowell, 1st International Symposium on Tropical Tomato:

Most workers who have studied the use of auxin sprays on tomatoes have found that although forcing fruit-set on the first 3 or 4 clusters is beneficial, auxin applications to flowers on higher clusters have very little effect.

2022 May 27, A. Carl Leopold, Auxins and Plant Growth, Univ of California Press, →ISBN, page 223:

There is a strong and positive correlation between fruit-set and gamete viability (Prasad et al., 2017). Gamete functions (pollen and ovule) is the most important factor for fruit-set under HS. In tomato, fruit-set has been shown to[…]

2022 October 14, Masayoshi Shigyo, Mostafa Abdelwahed Abdelrahman, Lam-Son Phan Tran, Physiological and Molecular Perspectives of Stress Tolerance in Vegetables, Frontiers Media SA, →ISBN, page 170:

(biology, horticulture) The "setting" (beginning of growing) of fruit, resulting from successful pollination.


spray drain

(agriculture) A drain made by laying under earth the sprays or small branches of trees, which keep passages open.


autocidal

(agriculture, bacteriology) Relating to autocide.


aquaponist

(agriculture) One who practises aquaponics.


harpoon fork

(agriculture, historical) A kind of hayfork, consisting of a bar with hinged barbs at one end and a loop for a rope at the other end, used for lifting hay from the load by horse power.


round dance

The round dance is never performed on a comb on which there are none or only a few bees, but it always takes place in the midst of a dense throng.

1924 February, John H. Lovell, “The Odor of Flowers as a Means of Communication Among Bees”, in The American Bee Journal, volume LXIV, number 2, Hamilton, page 76:

(beekeeping) A repetitive, circular movement done by a foraging honey bee in process of communicating to other workers that it has located a significant and nearby food source.


curly top

She soon joined the Spreckels Company near Salinas, Calif., where she worked on a sugar beet that would be resistant to the curly top virus.

1997 June 18, Karen Freeman, “Katherine Esau Is Dead at 99: A World Authority on Botany”, in New York Times, retrieved 2014-05-19:

[T]he local pigweed hosted microscopic leafhoppers that jumped from the surrounding weeds to the beet fields. The insects spread a virus commonly referred to as "curly top."

2014 April 28, Patty Cafferata, “History: Leafhoppers trounced sugar beet investors”, in Reno Gazette Journal, retrieved 2014-05-19:

(agriculture) A disease of beets, gourds, and other plants, often caused by the virus Beet curly top virus, which results in stunted or misshapen growth and curled or puckered leaves.


seam presser

(agriculture) A heavy roller to press down newly ploughed furrows.


fodder radish

(agriculture) The daikon, particularly when grown for animal fodder rather than for human consumption.


radish ripper

From radish + ripper (“a tool or plant used to reduce soil compaction”).

(agriculture, uncommon) The daikon, particularly when its large roots are left in a field through the winter to reduce soil compaction, rather than harvested for consumption.


tillage radish

tillage radish (plural tillage radishes)

(agriculture) Daikon, particularly when its large roots are left in a field through the winter to reduce soil compaction, rather than harvested for consumption.


oil radish

(agriculture) Synonym of oilseed radish.


oilseed radish

oilseed radish (plural oilseed radishes)

(agriculture) Synonym of daikon, particularly when grown for its oil-bearing seeds or as a fallow crop, rather than for human consumption.


stock down

en-verb

stock down (third-person singular simple present stocks down, present participle stocking down, simple past and past participle stocked down)

stocks down (present singular third-person)
stocking down (participle present)
stocked down (participle past)
stocked down (past)

(archaic, agriculture) To sow, as ploughed land, with grass seed.


A&P

(agriculture) Initialism of agriculture and pastoral.


smearer

[…] when the smearer had inlaid with his mixture of butter and tar, that number of the fleeces of the living flock which it was his daily task thus to cover from the cold,

1807, Robert Heron, The Comforts of Human Life, London: Oddy and Co., Dialogue 4, page 110:

The animal is placed upon a stool just broad and long enough to contain his body either when laid across or at length; and having a narrow projection at one end, forming a seat on which the smearer sits astride.

1841, chapter 39, in British Husbandry, volume 2, London: Baldwin & Cradock, page 478:

I know of a farm having a sheep stock of 5000 head; it gives permanent employment to seven shepherds, six hands at clipping, twelve smearers for six weeks, three extra hands at wintering, and three extra at lambing.

1893, James Cameron Lees, Stronbuy; Or, Hanks of Highland Yarn, Edinburgh: Macniven & Wallace, page 168:

[…] I emptied the trickling mire upon my baking wound, rubbing it in with my fingers as a smearer rubs his tar into the divided fleece of a sheep.

1895, John A. Steuart, chapter 21, in In the Day of Battle, London: Sampson Low, Marston, page 256:

1910, Duncan Campbell, Reminiscences and Reflections of an Octogenarian Highlander, Inverness: Northern Counties Newspaper and Printing and Publishing Company, Chapter 33, p. 217,
Smearing has long been displaced by dips, to the detriment of the poor sheep […] . It could not be kept on much longer than it was, because with the desolation of the country districts, smearers were not to be found in most places.

(Scotland, agriculture, historical) A worker employed to apply a tar-based salve to sheep to protect their skin during the winter.


townfield

(agriculture, historical) A field divided up between a number of farmers.


hori-hori

Detectorists may also carry headphones, a metal detecting shovel, hand tools such as a hori-hori (a serrated, steel hand shovel), a “finds pouch,” and a hand-held precision detector called a pinpointer.

2021 May 31, Alexandra Marvar, “The New Detectorists”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:


stumpery

(horticulture) A garden feature similar to a rockery but made from parts of dead trees, especially stumps.


Scotch plough

Scotch ploughs (plural)
Scots plough (alternative)

Invented in the 19th century by a Scotsman, James Anderson of Hermiston.

(historical, agriculture) A wood and iron animal-drawn plough.


frost-tender

en-adj

frost-tender (comparative more frost-tender, superlative most frost-tender)

more frost-tender (comparative)
most frost-tender (superlative)
frost tender (alternative)

I found out to my cost that the tree fern I brought back from New Zealand was frost-tender, and it didn't survive the winter.

(horticulture) Of plants: unable to tolerate frost, and liable to die if exposed to it.


fruticulture

(agriculture) The branch of agriculture that deals with the growing of fruit.


Bt

Bts (plural)
Bt. (alternative)
B.t. (alternative)
BT (alternative)
BT (alternative)

Bacillus thuringiensis
Bacillus thuringiensis#Translingual

(bacteriology, agriculture) Bacillus thuringiensis, a species of bacteria used for biological control of insects.


Lyc

en-noun

Lyc (countable and uncountable, plural Lycs)

(horticulture) Abbreviation of Lycaste (a type of orchid).


fedge

What do you get when you cross a fence with a hedge? The answer is a fedge, which you can make by weaving fresh willow branches together, with their bases nestled into moist soil so they take root and grow. You can start a fedge with willow or other woody cuttings gathered from woods or roadsides […]

2006, Barbara Pleasant, Easy Garden Projects to Make, Build, and Grow: 200 Do-it-yourself Ideas to Help You Grow Your Best Garden Ever, Dublin, N.H.: Yankee Publishing, →ISBN, page 254:

Fast growing and quick to take root, even from a cut stem, willow is a great sustainable resource that can be used to make living fences, or fedges – as well as retaining structures, arches, and arbours. The best time to make your own fedge is in the winter when the willow is dormant.

2011, Alice Bowe, High-Impact, Low-Carbon Gardening: 1001 Ways to Garden Sustainably, Portland, Or.: Timber Press, →ISBN, page 79:

What's in a name? Hedge, Fedge, Living Fencerow, Fredge ... […] A tentative truce between British and American agricultural geographers over terminology was brokered when a young British landscape designer trained at Oxford tried to popularize the term fedge in her book High-Impact, Low-Carbon Gardening, which was simultaneously released on both sides of the pond. And yet the term has not gained much currency, so I will propose another, hopefully more memorable one. I suggest that we rally behind another syllogism, the fredge, which takes its f and r from fence and row, and the rest of its letters from hedge and edge.

2013, Gary Paul Nabhan, Growing Food in a Hotter, Drier Land: Lessons from Desert Farmers on Adapting to Climate Uncertainty, White River Junction, Vt.: Chelsea Green Publishing, →ISBN, page 37:

Ryan Kelly has a young fedge (a living willow hedge). Alan Jefferson has a boundary windbreak of substantial hawthorn. Both ask if I think it would be feasible or a good idea to plant roses to mingle with the hedging plants, and if so, what kind of rose would I suggest.

2015 February 7, Helen Yemm, “Thorny problems: How can I soften a brick wall with plants?”, in The Daily Telegraph (London), page G7:

(horticulture) A fence made up of living plants, especially willow, thus somewhat resembling a hedge.


aquafarm

(agriculture) A facility where aquaculture is carried out.


prenursery

(agriculture, education) Before entering a nursery.


Tchaush

The grapes are much more palatable than the celebrated kinds coming from Bokhara, and superior even to the Tchaush grapes from the environs of Smyrna.

1885, Ármin Vámbéry, The coming struggle for India: being an account of the encroachments of Russia in Central Asia, and of the difficulties sure to arise therefrom to England, London [u.a.]: Cassell, →OCLC, page 105:

(agriculture) Archaic spelling of Chaush (“a cultivar of vinifera grape”).


Chaush

Vitis vinifera
Vitis vinifera#Translingual

(agriculture) A cultivar of Vitis vinifera (“wine grape”).


Chaouch

If abortion occurs even later, as in the cultivar 'Chaouch,' normal-size fruit develop containing hard empty seeds.

2008, Ronald S. Jackson, Wine science: principles and applications, 3rd edition, Food science and technology international series, Amsterdam, Boston: Elsevier, →ISBN, page 72:

(agriculture) A cultivar of Vitis vinifera (“common grape vine”).


drillable

In putting on fertilizers, care should be taken to see that the material is in good drillable condition.

1915, Farm Machinery and Equipment, page 16:

All fertilizers tested are drillable at relative humidities below 50 per cent, but no fertilizer remains drillable when exposed to a humidity above its hygroscopic point.

1930, Experiment Station Record - Volume 63, page 582:

In previous work (10) it was found that materials of low initial moisture content remained drillable for longer periods of time, but became undrillable at about the same moisture content as did materials of high initial moisture content.

1958, Charles W. Gantt, Walter C. , Herbert F. Rapp, John O. Hardesty Hulburt, “Determining the Drillability of Fertilizers”, in Soil and Crop Studies at the Big Spring (Texas) Field Station:

(agriculture) Suitable for being applied using a seed drill.


aquafeed

aquafeed (countable and uncountable, plural aquafeeds)

Lastly, LipG1 was evaluated as an aquafeed additive for juvenile common carp (Cyprinus carpio).

2015 July 6, “A Novel Lipase as Aquafeed Additive for Warm-Water Aquaculture”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(agriculture) Any feed for aquatic organisms as part of aquaculture.


CAFO

(agriculture) Initialism of concentrated animal feeding operation; factory farm.


bokashi

For a bokashi starter kit, try evengreener.com .

2015 July 18, Jane Perrone, “Gardens: what to do this week”, in The Guardian:

(horticulture) The use of a mixture of microorganisms to cover food waste to decrease smell, based on an old Japanese farming practice.


fertigate

en-verb

fertigate (third-person singular simple present fertigates, present participle fertigating, simple past and past participle fertigated)

fertigates (present singular third-person)
fertigating (participle present)
fertigated (participle past)
fertigated (past)

(transitive, agriculture) To carry out fertigation on.


overdunged

en-adj

overdunged (comparative more overdunged, superlative most overdunged)

more overdunged (comparative)
most overdunged (superlative)

That the land may not be overdunged, and the crop consequently lodged, care must be taken not to lay above forty such cart-loads on the Swedish acre for spring corn; each cart containing 180 gallons English, or 1920 lbs.

1844, Cuthbert William Johnson, On Fertilizers, page 112:

(agriculture) fertilized with too much dung


hügelkultur

From German Hügelkultur, from Hügel + Kultur.

(agriculture) composting: process employing raised planting beds constructed on top of decaying wood debris and other compostable biomass plant materials.


monocropping

(agriculture) The practice of growing a single crop year after year on the same land.


dampen off

en-verb

dampen off (third-person singular simple present dampens off, present participle dampening off, simple past and past participle dampened off)

dampens off (present singular third-person)
dampening off (participle present)
dampened off (participle past)
dampened off (past)

(agriculture, intransitive) To become damp, especially too damp for an intended agricultural purpose.


green crop

After opening from pasture, two crops of oats; one of any green crop, as peas or beans in broad cast, or potatoes or turnips in drills, all with sufficient dunging; one of barley in broad cast, sown down with rye-grass and clover seeds ; two in hay, and four in pasture. This rotation is completed in ten years. Many leave out the green crop, which reduces the rotation to nine years.

1794 Bryce Johnson General View of the Agriculture of the County of Dumfries (London: T. Wright) pp.20-21

22. Green Crops—are such as continue green while ripening their seed, or till taken off the ground; such as peas, beans, cabbage, carrots, turneps [sic], &c.

1837 August 15, “Explanation of Terms”, in The Farmers' Cabinet, Philadelphia, Vol.II No.2 p.26:

(obsolete, agriculture) A vegetable crop, as opposed to a cereal crop; a crop which has green leaves when harvested


white crop

22. White Crops—are such as become bleached, or turn white and dry while ripening their seed; such are all the various kinds of grain.

Commencing, say, with potatoes, the small farmer will afterwards grow two or three white crops in succession, and get in addition a catch-crop of turnips after rye (invariably), sometimes sowing carrots in wheat or flax.

1870 Augustus Voelcker and H.M. Jenkins, "Report on the Agriculture of Belgium" in The Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society of England 2nd Ser. Vol.6 p.18

(obsolete, agriculture) A cereal crop; a crop which turns from green to white or yellow as it ripens


north forty

I headed out to the barn for a ten-minute milking job, and the cow took off and ran to the far end of the north forty.

2005, Don Aslett, Done!, →ISBN, page 185:

(agriculture, usually preceded by the) A 40-acre section of land, located in the northernmost part of a farm or ranch.


jhum

jhoom (alternative)
joom (alternative)
jum (alternative)

(agriculture) A tribal form of cultivation in India, where a chosen piece of land is cleared and used to grow crops until its fertility is depleted.


beneficial insect

en-noun

beneficial insect (plural beneficial insects)

(agriculture) Any species of insect that provides pollination or pest control.


monocrop

For many residents, a monocrop of million-dollar homes is nearly as awful a nightmare as suburban sprawl.

2015 November 3, Greg Beato, “Communities Come Together to Make Homes More Affordable”, in New York Times:

(agriculture) A crop of a single kind, grown without others.


ball out

en-verb

ball out (third-person singular simple present balls out, present participle balling out, simple past and past participle balled out)

balls out (present singular third-person)
balling out (participle present)
balled out (participle past)
balled out (past)

(transitive, horticulture) To move a plant with its rootball attached.


unsprouted

(horticulture) ungerminated; without sprouts (of seed)


NGP

(agriculture) Initialism of natural growth promoter, feed additives for farm animals.


subirrigation

en-noun

subirrigation (countable and uncountable, plural subirrigations)

Subirrigation is used in growing field crops such as tomatoes, peppers, and sugar cane in areas with high water tables, such as Florida, and in commercial greenhouse operations.

(agriculture) A method of irrigation where water is delivered to the plant rootzone from below the soil surface and absorbed upwards. The excess water may be collected for reuse.


subirrigate

en-verb

subirrigate (third-person singular simple present subirrigates, present participle subirrigating, simple past and past participle subirrigated)

subirrigates (present singular third-person)
subirrigating (participle present)
subirrigated (participle past)
subirrigated (past)

(agriculture) To irrigate from below, using the subirrigation technique.


checkrow

checkrow (third-person singular simple present checkrows, present participle checkrowing, simple past and past participle checkrowed)

checkrows (present singular third-person)
checkrowing (participle present)
checkrowed (participle past)
checkrowed (past)

(agriculture) To plant seeds at the intersections of a criss-cross pattern previously marked out on the ground.


ear tag

(agriculture) A tag attached to the ear of an animal (usually a farm animal) to identify ownership.


three sisters

A calque from an Iroquoian language, compare Mohawk áhsen nikontatenò:sen, Oneida áshʌnaɂtekutahnú·tele, and Onondaga ahsę́ naˀdegųdęhnų́·dæ·ˀ.
First attested in 1850 in the context of Iroquoian mythology (see quote below). Use in reference to the plants themselves first attested in the 1890s (see also below).

One beautiful idea relates to the corn, beans and squashes, all indigenous plants which are called three sisters as well as their life or supporters. The thought is a happy one, for they grow together, and were always important in Indian life.

[1892, William M. Beauchamp, “Iroquois Stories”, in The Iroquois Trail, or Footprints of the Six Nations, […] , Fayetteville: H. C. Beauchamp, →LCCN, page 128:

The three sisters work together as companion plants in many ways. Growing wide-spreading pumpkin vine among vertically oriented corn and beans saves space.

2012, Gail Damerow, The Perfect Pumpkin: Growing/Cooking/Carving, Storey Publishing, →ISBN, page 56:

She gave me specifics on what to plant and the layout of the garden. Traditional Native American plants, heirloom varieties only, no GMOs allowed. Use the three sisters approach for planting corn, squash and beans, ilito onions would ring the interior of the fence and sunflowers would stand tall.

2012, Kathleen O’Dwyer, Breathing Blue: Giving my life to Spirit and Spirit to my life, AuthorHouse, →ISBN, page 151:

Phaseolus vulgaris
Phaseolus vulgaris#Translingual

(US, Canada, agriculture, horticulture) The combination of maize (corn), pole beans (Phaseolus vulgaris or climbing beans, string beans, etc.), and squash (i.e. pumpkin), especially when planted together in intertwined plantings.


milkshed

From milk + shed, by analogy with watershed.

Counties adjoining a large city tended to supply most of its milk before highway and trucking improvements broadened the milkshed.

(agriculture, economics) A region producing milk that may be supplied to the area of demand with practical (competitively advantageous) speed and cost of transport.


soil fertility

en-noun

soil fertility (usually uncountable, plural soil fertilities)

(horticulture) The ability of a soil to sustain plant growth.


ratooner

(agriculture) A plant that sprouts ratoons.


old rose

(horticulture) A rose belonging to any of the classes of cultivated roses in existence before the hybrid tea roses were developed.


IPM

IPM (countable and uncountable, plural IPMs)

It is within the framework of IPM, rather than as a stand-alone insect control measure, that insect-resistant GM crops have the greatest potential to contribute to the establishment of sustainable crop protection systems.

2008, George G. Kennedy, Integration of Insect-Resistant Genetically Modified Crops within IPM Programs:

integrated pest management
integrated pest management#English

(agriculture, uncountable) Abbreviation of integrated pest management.


dairy farmer

(agriculture) A farmer who maintains a herd of dairy cows for the production of milk.


sabbath of the land

sabbath of the land (plural sabbaths of the land)

(agriculture) The period, occurring every seventh year, when fields were traditionally left fallow.


goback

There may be one or a dozen or perhaps a hundred or so of supers with partly filled sections, and these are all designated as "gobacks". They are either placed on top of other supers that are being built out from foundation, or upon colonies that seem to show a special aptitude for finishing up gobacks.

1900 August 2, “Dr. Miller's "Goback" Sections”, in American Bee Journal, volume 40:

Bees will then work in the whole super evenly and leave no gobacks.

1909, Gleanings in Bee Culture, volume 37, page 787:

(beekeeping) A section of honeycomb that is unfinished and returned to the hive.


seedlot

(agriculture) A particular batch of seeds, often collected from a specific zone (the seedzone).


seedzone

(agriculture) A specific geographical area from which seeds are collected.


first flush

But, because the first flush of growth is from a preformed bud and subsequent flushes are from buds developed during the current growing season, chilling directly affects only the first flush.

1979, S. P. Wells, Chilling requirements for optimal growth of Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir seedlings, page 2:

Planting dates, soil moisture, nutrition, and pest management should be designed to protect the first flush of floral buds, flowers, and pods.

1996, University of California Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Blackeye Bean Prduction in California, page 4:

The first harvest, from the end of February to early April, is called the "first flush" and is when the tea with the finest aroma is collected.

2006, Rose Marie Donhauser, Little Tea Book, →ISBN, page 14:

After harvesting the first flush, clean up all the withered pinheads and debris on the surface of the block.

2010, Craig Wallin, Golden Harvest, →ISBN, page 53:

(horticulture) The first growth of buds, flowers, seeds, or whatever is harvested from a plant.