living mulch

(agriculture) A cover crop interplanted or undersown with the main crop, and intended to fulfil the functions of a mulch, such as weed suppression and regulation of soil temperature.


storification

en-noun

storification (countable and uncountable, plural storifications)

(beekeeping) The process of storifying (storing honey in additional tiers of a hive).


mini-chitted

(agriculture) Made to sprout or germinate to a limited extent, so that the resulting shoot is very small.


overshift

en-verb

overshift (third-person singular simple present overshifts, present participle overshifting, simple past and past participle overshifted)

overshifts (present singular third-person)
overshifting (participle present)
overshifted (participle past)
overshifted (past)

/ˈəʊvə(ɹ)ˌʃɪft/

/ˌəʊvə(ɹ)ˈʃɪft/

We presume it to be a plant requiring to be grown in peat earth, and :to have the pots in which it is, grown well and carefully drained of superfluous water; and we should further suppose it undesirable to overshift it, especially while young, and in an unestablished condition.

1849, Annals of Horticulture - Volume 4, page 155:

Particular care must be taken not to overshift such kinds as E. tricolor and its varieties, retorta, Hartnellii, &c. During their progress in growth, attention must be given to train and form the plants as may be desired.

1852, The Floricultural Cabinet, and Florists' Magazine - Volume 20, page 34:

(horticulture) To replant or repot too soon or too often.


compost heap

(horticulture) a pile of garden or other organic waste which is left to decompose. See also compost.


frommarding

(agriculture, West Country, Gloucestershire dialect) The ploughing done by turning the horses to the right-hand side.


lazy-bed

(agriculture, historical) a ridge of ground generally used for growing potatoes and sometimes also for raising corn, the seed being laid on the surface and covered with earth dug out of trenches along both sides


go-harvest

Possibly from goose + harvest; see gossamer.

(Scotland, agriculture, obsolete) The open weather between the end of harvest and the appearance of snow or frost; the time of year between the end of harvest and winter.


hell-rake

(archaic, agriculture) A spring-tooth rake.


leacher

(agriculture) A substance that leaches from the soil.


bee vacuum

(beekeeping) A suction device somewhat like a vacuum cleaner, used to capture swarms of bees.


queen-cage

queen-cages (plural)
queen cage (alternative)

(beekeeping) A small case used to introduce and protect a new queen bee to a queenless hive in order to determine whether the new queen will be accepted or rejected


inshell

Live inshell scallops are preferable to frozen scallop meats.

The insects that attack inshell peanuts consist of several species of beetles and of moths.

1966, Calvin Golumbic, Hamilton Laudani, “Storage and Warehousing”, in Protecting our Food, United States: Department of Agriculture, page 141:

The stain […] contains iodine, which is also a permitted disinfectant for inshell eggs.

1985 January, David Pyrah, “Staining Machine Improves Detection of Cracked Eggs”, in Agricultural Research, page 15:

Recent research shows that people snacking on inshell pistachios ate 41 percent fewer calories than those who consumed shelled nuts.

(agriculture, fishery) (of nuts, eggs, shellfish) Not removed from the shell.


inshell

Inshells are shipped in 50-pound sacks, while shelled walnut pieces are shipped in 25-pound bags'

(agriculture, fishery) A product (nut, shellfish) that has not been removed from its shell.


zonal geranium

(horticulture, flowers) Any of Pelargonium × hortorum, a hybrid of Pelargonium zonale and Pelargonium inquinans; the common or garden geranium.


regal geranium

(flowers, horticulture) Any of a group of hybrid pelargoniums known for their upright habit and large, showy flowers, Pelargonium × domesticum


Martha Washington geranium

en-noun

Martha Washington geranium (plural Martha Washington geraniums)

Named after Martha Washington, the wife of US president George Washington.

(US, flowers, horticulture) Synonym of regal geranium.


overprune

en-verb

overprune (third-person singular simple present overprunes, present participle overpruning, simple past and past participle overpruned)

overprunes (present singular third-person)
overpruning (participle present)
overpruned (participle past)
overpruned (past)

This usually overprunes the tree, removing valuable sources of carbohydrates for root growth and development of trunk caliper.

1988, James R. Feucht, Landscape Management: Planting and Maintenance of Trees, Shrubs and Turfgrasses:

(transitive, horticulture) To prune too much.


disc harrow

(agriculture) A harrow comprising a series of angled discs


overtill

overtill (third-person singular simple present overtills, present participle overtilling, simple past and past participle overtilled)

overtills (present singular third-person)
overtilling (participle present)
overtilled (participle past)
overtilled (past)

Avoid overtilling the soil, as this may damage it.

(ambitransitive, agriculture) To till too much.


agrimetric

Under Ambassador's direction and in light new aid concepts, team will undertake such exploration and will review US assistance to Thailand, including specifically such items as […] (e) community development, including agrimetric centers in border areas, particularly Northeast.

1994, “Thailand”, in Foreign Relations of the United States, 1961–1963: Southeast Asia, volume XXIII, Washington: United States Department of State: United States Government Printing Office, →ISBN, page 878:

Data and technology have a central role to play in increasing the productivity and competitiveness of British farming. Last October, I launched the first of our agri-tech centres of excellence, the agrimetric centre at Rothamsted. They will develop new software models to improve our ability to understand and utilise the huge volume of data that exist.

2016 May 5, The Minister of State, Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (George Eustice), “Commons Chamber: Oral Answers to Questions: Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs: British Farming”, in House of Commons Hansard (House of Commons), volume 609, column 293:

(statistics, agriculture) Relating to agrimetrics.


agrimetrics

We're South Africa's science councils Agricultural Research Council— Made up of 13 institutes covering topics from agrimetrics and plant biotechnology, to research on crops, soil and pests.

1994, New Scientist, volume 141, numbers 1908-1918, page 13:

For the third straight year Hybrid Turkeys leads in both independent strain studies and agrimetrics summaries.

1997, International Hatchery Practice, volumes 12-13:

Quantifiable comparisons are done sequentially, examining: • within peer group comparisons, such as agrimetrics; • within system farm-level mean measures; • within system measures of variance; and • within production flow measures using descriptive measures.

2003, David E. Reeves, “Benchmarking reproductive performance within production systems”, in 2003 Allen D. Leman Swine Conference:

• Mapping and enhancing different decision making tools for farmers • Influencing EC to develop agrimetrics data • Adopting and developing emerging technologies and infrastructures

2016, Report of the kick off meeting of the Knowledge Network on Sustainable Intensification (KNSI), 3 June 2016, Wageningen:

(statistics, agriculture) The measurement of fields or agricultural data.


cold-natured

en-adj

cold-natured (comparative more cold-natured, superlative most cold-natured)

more cold-natured (comparative)
most cold-natured (superlative)

Line the whole crust or fortifying boundary on its inside to the north, facing the south, with a conservatory for tropical plants, &c, that shall enclose twenty acres ; line it to the south, facing the north, with a conservatory of the same size for " cold- natured vegetation."

1852, Charles Dickens, Household Words - Volume 6, page 276:

In addition to being an SSE member, we are also conducting our own seed exchange program, and we will gladly send trial samples of either Siberia or Glacier to SSE members for any cold-natured variety of tomato, beans, peas, squash or pumpkin that is no longer being sold.

1984, Kent Whealy, Seed Savers ... Summer Edition, page 103:

Thus, fish are moister and cooler; land animals are warmer; hot-natured trees thrive in warmer climates, and cold-natured plants in cold.

1997, Per Bilde, Conventional Values of the Hellenistic Greeks, →ISBN, page 116:

(horticulture) Thriving in colder environments.


hot-natured

hot-natured (comparative more hot-natured, superlative most hot-natured)

more hot-natured (comparative)
most hot-natured (superlative)

You will find plenty of possibilities among other hot-natured annuals that share bloom time with abelmoschus.

2000, Barbara Pleasant, Annual flowers, →ISBN, page 66:

... as there is no frost or snow in the south and flowers growing there are hot-natured too.

(horticulture) Thriving in hotter environments; tropical or semitropical.


brown leaf

(agriculture) A condition of timothy grass, with a wide range of contributors, that adversely affects the marketability of timothy hay.


heliculture

(agriculture) The farming of (typically edible) snails


cultipacker

(agriculture) A piece of agricultural equipment that crushes dirt clods, removes air pockets, and presses down small stones, forming a smooth, firm seedbed.


ear-tag

en-verb

ear-tag (third-person singular simple present ear-tags, present participle ear-tagging, simple past and past participle ear-tagged)

ear-tags (present singular third-person)
ear-tagging (participle present)
ear-tagged (participle past)
ear-tagged (past)

(agriculture) to attach an ear tag to the ear of an animal.


chemical-free

(agriculture) not involving the use of artificial chemicals in farming, such as insecticides or fertilisers.


sphrigosis

From Ancient Greek σφριγάω (sphrigáō, “to be vigorous”) + -osis.

der

(horticulture, obsolete) In a tree, excessive growth of wood and leaves at the expense of fruit.


true to seed

(horticulture) Yielding the same type of a plant as that from which a seed was taken.


sartage

(agriculture) The clearing of woodland for agricultural purposes.


cormogenesis

(horticulture) The production of a corm.


chattering damsel

en-noun

chattering damsel (plural chattering damsels)

The constant noise it produced was humorously likened to a talkative woman.

(agriculture) A component of a traditional mill which creates a vibratory motion to impel portions of grain toward the millstone.

cacarexo

component of a mill which creates a vibratory motion to impel portions of grain toward the millstone


dehaulm

en-verb

dehaulm (third-person singular simple present dehaulms, present participle dehaulming, simple past and past participle dehaulmed)

dehaulms (present singular third-person)
dehaulming (participle present)
dehaulmed (participle past)
dehaulmed (past)

to dehaulm potatoes

(transitive, agriculture) To remove the haulm or stem from.


chasericulture

(archaic, agriculture) The combined industries of tea-growing and silk production.


threshing machine

en-noun

threshing machine (plural threshing machines)

There are numerous sheds in the now grass-grown yard, most of which now house threshing machines and farm carts instead of locomotives and rolling stock, although [in] the roofs of some are gaping holes.

1941 June, “Notes and News: The Derelict Glyn Valley Tramway”, in Railway Magazine, pages 279–280:

(agriculture, dated) A farm machine for threshing grain.


Lanarkshire disease

(agriculture) The disease caused in certain fruits by the same oomycete that causes redcore.


carpet bedding

(horticulture) A system of horticulture in which plants are arranged in mosaic or geometrical designs.


in the ear

(agriculture) Describing a maturing/mature cereal crop.


autoconsumption

(economics, agriculture) The consumption by oneself of the goods that one has produced.


agroclimate

agroclimate (countable and uncountable, plural agroclimates)

(agriculture) The climate as it relates to agriculture


tilther

(agriculture) An implement for breaking up roots and mixing additives into the upper layers of soil.


jhumming

jhooming (alternative)
jooming (alternative)
juming (alternative)
jumming (alternative)

Jhumming consists during its first stage, clearance of the shrubs, surface soil with the undergrowth at the autumn season, while the conservation of the ashes for manuring is practiced during February or March. After felling the jungle, the common practice is that trees and shrubs are exposed to sunshine, which when dried are burnt.

2002, V. K. Agnihotri, Chandragupta Ashokvardhan, Socio-economic Profile of Rural India: North-East India, →OCLC:

(India, agriculture) The practice of cutting down and burning the vegetation from an area of forest in order to create farmable land.


xeriphyte

East Bay Mud began rationing water and implored homeowners to replace their dying gardens with xeriphytes.

2008, Christopher Grampp, From Yard to Garden: The Domestication of America's Home Grounds, →ISBN:

They are definitely not xeriphytes but once established they display a fair degree of drought tolerance, surviving happily on the occasional handout of greywater.

2011, Simon Rickard, The New Ornamental Garden, →ISBN, page 176:

Maguey (Agave spp., the century plant), a xeriphyte, was a staple of life in central Mexico, its sap a significant dietary partner and its fibers used for cordage and textiles, to cite two of its best-known uses.

2015, James G. Cusick, Studies in Culture Contact: Interaction, Culture Change, and Archaeology, →ISBN, page 342:

(horticulture) Alternative form of xerophyte.


cold treatment

cold treatment (usually uncountable, plural cold treatments)

(horticulture) stratification by means of exposing seeds to cold


bark bed

(horticulture) A hotbed made of spent bark.


cut and come again

(horticulture) An approach to growing lettuces, etc. where one harvests only the outer leaves, leaving the inner part of the plant to grow replacements that can be harvested later.


feedyard

(agriculture) A yard where cattle are given food.


pot out

en-verb

pot out (third-person singular simple present pots out, present participle potting out, simple past and past participle potted out)

pots out (present singular third-person)
potting out (participle present)
potted out (participle past)
potted out (past)

(horticulture, transitive) To remove (a potted plant) from its pot and plant it in a garden.


total digestible nutrients

en-noun

total digestible nutrients pl (plural only)

(agriculture) The total fiber, protein, lipid, and carbohydrate in a feed which can be converted into energy for an animal.


potato pen

(agriculture) A layered framework of beds for growing potatoes, stacked one above the other.


swing plough

(agriculture) A plough without a forewheel under the beam.


TDN

total digestible nutrients
total digestible nutrients#English

(agriculture) Initialism of total digestible nutrients.


slaughterline

(agriculture) A line of animals progressing through a slaughterhouse.


cross-tining

(agriculture) A method of harrowing crosswise.


unsingled

When left unsingled the crop usually contains more dry matter and fibre but less protein than when it is singled.

1956, Stephen John Watson, Alexander Martin Smith, Silage, page 57:

Most kale is therefore sown thinly and left unsingled.

1962, James Anderson Scott Watson, James Antony More, James A. McMillan, Agriculture: The Science and Practice of Farming, page 337:


broken field

The birds are gregarious even during the nesting season, and in spring and summer seem to be equally busy “ ploughing up ” the earth in the already broken field with their long, crowlike bills; naturally such action creates trouble with the farmer, but on the whole, an examination of the constituents of the bird's diet, shows that he is a greater insect destroyer than a crop destroyer.

1906, Ferdinand Schuyler Mathews, Field Book of Wild Birds and Their Music, page 72:

My soul is a broken field Ploughed by pain

1916, Sara Teasdale, “The Broken Field”, in George Park Fisher, George Burton Adams, Henry Walcott Farnam, editors, The Yale Review, page 755:

(agriculture) A field that has been plowed.


hydromulching

(agriculture) A form of mulching in which the mulch is combined with water and a tackifier and then sprayed.


standing crop

(ecology, agriculture) The total dried biomass of the living organisms present in a given environment.


bearded iris

bearded iris (plural bearded iris or bearded irises)

bearded iris (plural)
bearded irises (plural)

(botany, horticulture) Any species or cultivar of the bearded rhizomatous irises of the section Iris subg. Iris sect. Iris, especially Iris × germanica.


irisology

(rare, botany, horticulture) The study or cultivation of irises.


no-till

(agriculture, often attributive) A technique for growing crops or pasture without disturbing the soil through tillage.


no-tilled

(agriculture) Employing or relating to the no-till technique.


self-watering

(horticulture) Of a pot or planter: designed with a reservoir from which the soil can take up water without the need for manual watering of the plant.

itsekasteleva

horticulture: designed with water reservoir


ammonitrate

(agriculture) A nitrogen fertilizer based on ammonium nitrate.


outyard

From out- + yard (“enclosed area designated for a specific purpose”).

af

There may be thirty to fifty supers in every outyard, and we have only about half an hour to get them off the hives, stacked and covered before the bees get really cross about what we are doing.

1983, Sue Hubbell, A Country Year: Living the Questions, Boston, MA: Mariner Books, published 1999, →ISBN, page 69:

Nowhere was this more evident than when we moved four of her beehives to the outyard.

2020, Dave Doroghy, Show Me the Honey: Adventures of an Accidental Apiarist, page 49:

(beekeeping) A temporary location with better sources of pollen to which a hive is moved during times when the plants in the normal location of the hive have dried up.


azaleamum

Blend of azalea + chrysanthemum, originally a trademark.

cushion chrysanthemum
cushion chrysanthemum

(horticulture) A kind of cushion chrysanthemum.


sweetveld

en-noun

sweetveld (countable and uncountable, plural sweetvelds)

(South Africa, agriculture) veld characterized by high levels of moisture, preferable for grazing


sourveld

sourveld (countable and uncountable, plural sourvelds)

(South Africa, agriculture) A veld characterized by low levels of moisture and rough brush.


overmist

en-verb

overmist (third-person singular simple present overmists, present participle overmisting, simple past and past participle overmisted)

overmists (present singular third-person)
overmisting (participle present)
overmisted (participle past)
overmisted (past)

(horticulture, transitive) To mist a plant excessively.


double dig

double dig (third-person singular simple present double digs, present participle double digging, simple past and past participle double dug)

double digs (present singular third-person)
double digging (participle present)
double dug (participle past)
double dug (past)

(horticulture) To remove a spade's-depth of topsoil, then loosen the exposed subsoil with a fork, before replacing the topsoil, done in order to improve heavy or compacted ground for planting.


spruce tip

(sylviculture, arboriculuture, horitculture, agriculture, botany, cooking) The new spring growth at the ends of spruce branches. For some species of spruce, these are edible and a traditional foodstuff.


daisugi

(horticulture) A pruning technique similar to coppicing, used on Japanese cedars.


livestock unit

(agriculture) A unit of measure for assessing the overall effect on grazing land of different types of animal.


wax down

wax down (third-person singular simple present waxes down, present participle waxing down, simple past and past participle waxed down)

waxes down (present singular third-person)
waxing down (participle present)
waxed down (participle past)
waxed down (past)

If the hive is suspected of being queenless, a queen-cell from another hive, with the pupa ready to hatch out, is sometimes placed in it, when, if the new queen is required, the bees will take to her, but should they have a queen and do not require a new one, they will wax down the queen-cell that was inserted so that the young queen cannot hatch out; a specimen of a cell so waxed down is exhibited.

1884, “The Museum”, in Report of the Marlborough College Natural History Society, number 32, page lviii:

By the description of his cover for the bees to wax down, it was not properly braced, as the dovetailed end is made by different manufacturers.

1892 June 23, Thomas Johnson, “Temperature in Wintering Bees”, in American Bee Journal, volume 29, number 26, page 833:

How can I insert candy without chilling bees, as their outer covering at present is a bag of cork-dust, which seems (as far as I can tell without lifting) waxed down to the frames?

1904 December 22, “Queries and Replies”, in British Bee Journal, volume 32, number 2, page 509:

(beekeeping) To generate a layer of wax that completely covers.


indoor plant

(horticulture) Any of various species of plants, typically native to rainforest floors and thus requiring low light, that are commonly cultivated for decorative use indoors.


Bti

(bacteriology, agriculture) Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis, a type of bacterium used in the biological control of certain insects.


taungya

en-noun

taungya (countable and uncountable, plural taungyas)

(agriculture) A Burmese agricultural technique in which the spaces between small, widely-spaced trees are used to plant a seasonal crop.


subsistence farming

(agriculture) Farming in which almost all of the livestock raised or crops produced are used by the farmer and their family to survive, without significant surplus for sale or trade.


preforcing

After the preforcing period, all plants were moved to a 60° F (night temperature) greenhouse for forcing.

1960, American Society for Horticultural Science, Proceedings, volume 76, page 644:

This preforcing period allows initial elongation of roots and shoots.

2012, Rina Kamenetsky, Hiroshi Okubo, Ornamental Geophytes: From Basic Science to Sustainable Production, page 307:

A preforcing treatment with 15% bleach solution hastened bud break and promoted shoot elongation...

2014, Encyclopedia of Agriculture and Food Systems, page 320:

(agriculture) Treatment of a plant in preparation to force it to undergo a certain stage of development earlier than normal.


cornlage

/ˈkɔɹnlɪd͡ʒ/

(agriculture) Silage made from corn (maize): corn silage.


ryelage

(agriculture) Silage made from rye: rye silage.


wheatlage

(agriculture) Silage made from wheat: wheat silage.


market class

The evolution of the cotton market was greatly facilitated by the gradual development of recognized market classes and grades.

1932, Lewis Cecil Gray, History of Agriculture in the Southern United States to 1860, Volume 2, Carnegie Institute of Washington, page 718:

(agriculture) A commodity, usually produced on farms and part of a larger category. Products within a market class have similar physical characteristics, are grown or raised under similar conditions, and are bought and sold under similar terms and conditions.


double hoe

(horticulture) A tool with a flat blade and a set of metal prongs across from one other (typically extended by a pole handle); hoe with a pitchfork attached.


semi-trailing

The latter method must be used for some varieties that are semi-trailing and for the frankly trailing sorts, such as the dewberry and youngberry.

1957, Norman Taylor, Garden Guide, page 423:

'Marion's Enchanted Trail' ( Pittman ) tends more toward the semi-trailing type, freely producing many crowns from which absolute masses of medium blue blooms are produced.

1999, African Violet Magazine - Volume 52, page 15:

This plant is semi-trailing and cold-hardy.

2012, Lee A. Reich, Landscaping with Fruit:

The semi-trailing thornless blackberries may not qualify for a place in your home garden or landscape if you are unwilling to make a slight compromise on flavor.

2020, Robert E Gough, Edward Barclay Poling, Small Fruits in the Home Garden:

(horticulture) Having stems thick enough to stand somewhat erect, but eventually drooping like a vine.


UFW

(labour, agriculture) Initialism of United Farm Workers.


bottom heat

(horticulture) Heat supplied from below to the roots or rooting medium of plants under propagation, usually in hothouses or greenhouses.


splayleg

(agriculture, veterinary medicine) A disease of pigs in which the legs are splayed because of a myopathy.


backfurrow

Harrow sections are usually held together by bolts and projecting eyes which permit them to follow the contours of terraces and backfurrows.

1977, Archie Augustus Stone, Harold E. Gulvin, Machines for Power Farming, page 210:

(agriculture) The line of piled soil thrown up beside a furrow when it is created by a plow


backfurrow

en-verb

backfurrow (third-person singular simple present backfurrows, present participle backfurrowing, simple past and past participle backfurrowed)

backfurrows (present singular third-person)
backfurrowing (participle present)
backfurrowed (participle past)
backfurrowed (past)

Before planting, an attempt was made to list the ground, the land being ridged with an ordinary walking plow by backfurrowing.

1923, Jenkin William Jones, Rice Experiments at the Biggs Rice Field Station in California, page 56:

(agriculture) To throw or turn the soil in alternating directions for every other row that is plowed, so that every pair of furrows has a single backfurrow with clear areas on the outside.


grain entrapment

en-noun

grain entrapment (countable and uncountable, plural grain entrapments)

(agriculture) A condition in which a person is partially submerged in grain, most often in a silo or other grain storage structure.


grain engulfment

grain engulfment (countable and uncountable, plural grain engulfments)

(agriculture) A condition in which a person is fully submerged in grain, most often in a silo or other grain storage structure.


plow in

en-verb

plow in (third-person singular simple present plows in, present participle plowing in, simple past and past participle plowed in)

plows in (present singular third-person)
plowing in (participle present)
plowed in (participle past)
plowed in (past)
plough in (alternative UK)

(transitive, agriculture) To mix (something) with soil using a plough or similar item.


plow under

plow under (third-person singular simple present plows under, present participle plowing under, simple past and past participle plowed under)

plows under (present singular third-person)
plowing under (participle present)
plowed under (participle past)
plowed under (past)
plough under (alternative UK)

A sharp drop in demand forced the farmer to plow under half his turnips.

(agriculture) To destory (crops) by turning them into the ground with a plow


golden pea

(horticulture) Any of various Mirbelioids with small yellow flowers.


overmanure

overmanure (third-person singular simple present overmanures, present participle overmanuring, simple past and past participle overmanured)

overmanures (present singular third-person)
overmanuring (participle present)
overmanured (participle past)
overmanured (past)

(agriculture, transitive) To fertilize with too much manure.


cog mill

(agriculture) A large horizontal cogwheel turned by oxen or horses.


seeding plough

seeding ploughs (plural)
seeding plow (alternative)

(agriculture) A plough fitted with a hopper from which seed is automatically deposited.


smart farming

information technology
information technology

(agriculture) A type of farming that takes advantage of information technology in order to maximise efficiency or product yield; most commonly via tracking, automation and big data analysis.


prepink

The apple trees were to receive no dormant lime sulphur, but an application of Scalecide 1 to 15 at the delayed dormant, followed by a prepink lime sulphur 1 to 30 and the pink lime sulphur 1 to 10.

1885, Pamphlets on Parasitology, volume 128, page 255:

These all showed positive correlation (r = +.414 to +.507) with the length of the interval prepink to calyx. This is not surprising, since always most of this interval was in May and usually rainy days in May are cool days […]

1948, Donald Folsom, Comparative Effects of Certain Sulphur Fungicides on McIntosh Apple Trees, page 19:

(horticulture) After the development of buds and leaves on an apple tree, but before the pink coloration appears.


tractioneering

A number of agricultural colleges have added courses in tractioneering, and there are several privately conducted tractor schools.

1916, United States. Department of Agriculture, Department Bulletin (issues 151-175, page 40)

(obsolete, agriculture) The work of a tractioneer.


tractorize

tractorize (third-person singular simple present tractorizes, present participle tractorizing, simple past and past participle tractorized)

tractorizes (present singular third-person)
tractorizing (participle present)
tractorized (participle past)
tractorized (past)

(transitive, agriculture, dated) To adapt (a farm) to use tractors.


interlight

(horticulture) A lamp placed within the plant canopy to encourage growth in leaves that would otherwise be shaded.


topwork

topwork (third-person singular simple present topworks, present participle topworking, simple past and past participle topworked)

topworks (present singular third-person)
topworking (participle present)
topworked (participle past)
topworked (past)

(horticulture) To perform a graft on a fruit tree to change it to a more popular or profitable cultivar.


smoke blower

she had dark hair and quick, brown eyes, her cheeks were very pink, and one of them was decorated with a black smudge from the smoke blower.

1921, Cornelia Meigs, The Windy Hill, page 21:

The hollow limbs of old gums often sheltered a hive, and he always carried an axe and a smoke blower when I drove him through the bush.

1944, Alan Marshall, These are My People, page 192:

Armed with a smoke blower, he was good at capturing the bees.

1988, R. L. Skrabanek, We're Czechs, page 41:

(beekeeping) A small fire chamber with attached bellows used to blow smoke on a hive to pacify the bees before the beekeeper works on it.


duckfoot

(agriculture, often attributive) A relatively small, shallow share used in tillage, shaped like a duck's foot.


drydown

en-noun

drydown (countable and uncountable, plural drydowns)

drydowns (plural)
dry-down (alternative)

From dry + down and deverbal from dry down.

(agriculture) The physiologically mature phase in the ripening of a crop, where the fruit attains the desired trait of desiccation, suiting it for harvest and storage (e.g. maize, soybean).


fire-fang

en-verb

fire-fang (third-person singular simple present fire-fangs, present participle fire-fanging, simple past and past participle fire-fanged)

fire-fangs (present singular third-person)
fire-fanging (participle present)
fire-fanged (participle past)
fire-fanged (past)
firefang (alternative)

From fire + fang; see fang (“to seize”).

(agriculture, transitive) To cause (manure) to lose its goodness and acquire an ashy hue because of the heat generated by decomposition.


mowburn

mowburn (third-person singular simple present mowburns, present participle mowburning, simple past and past participle mowburned or mowburnt)

mowburns (present singular third-person)
mowburning (participle present)
mowburned (participle past)
mowburned (past)
mowburnt (participle past)
mowburnt (past)

(agriculture, obsolete, transitive) To stack (hay) before it is sufficiently dry, leading to excessive fermentation and sometimes toxicity.


mowburn

(agriculture, obsolete) Damage caused to hay in this manner.


feedroom

(agriculture, hobby horsefarms) A room within a barn where feed is kept, blended, and readied for distribution to the livestock.


pyroculture

en-noun

pyroculture (countable and uncountable, plural pyrocultures)

pyrocultures (plural)
pyro-culture (alternative)

Furthermore, as pointed out earlier, traditional pyro-culture did not include the total destruction or removal of trees. Undisturbed tree roots served to bind soil particles together and to prevent sheet erosion. Traditional African farmers recognized that it is easier to restore nutrients to exhausted soils than to "rebuild" a soil after it has "collapsed" in physical terms (Lal & Greenland, 1979).

1991, Sam L. J. Page & Helán E. Page, "Western Hegemony over African Agriculture in Southern Rhodesia and its Continuing Threat to Food Security in Independent Zimbabwe", Agriculture and Human Values, Fall 1991, page 12

The colonization by the British initially was a relief to the Shona in that it enabled them to resume their original management practices for farming (pyro-culture) and natural resource use (slash and burn).

1999, Wybe Van Halsema, "Endogenous Development of Natural Resource Management in Communal Areas of Southern Zimbabwe: A Case Study Approach", dissertation submitted to the University of South Africa, page 117

Success depended on technologies or innovations such as shifting cultivation and pyro-culture (slash and burn), both of which were characterised by minimum disturbance of the soil (Manyanga, 2006), which in contemporary language could be minimum or zero-tillage.

2013, Collin Calvin Mabiza, "Integrated Water Resources Management, Institutions and Livelihoods Under Stress: Bottom-Up Perspectives from Zimbabwe", dissertation submitted to Delft University of Technology, page 99


crop-rotate

en-verb

crop-rotate (third-person singular simple present crop-rotates, present participle crop-rotating, simple past and past participle crop-rotated)

crop-rotates (present singular third-person)
crop-rotating (participle present)
crop-rotated (participle past)
crop-rotated (past)

Sugar beet needs a lot of (petrochemical) weed killers, has to be crop-rotated (so the processors are four times as far apart, which means longer shipping routes), and the processors and evaporators are energy hogs.

2009 December 3, "Gerard", “Can't Beet Sugar Cane”, in The Scope, number 95, page 3:

Currently, cotton is crop rotated with winter wheat in Uzbekistan after cotton is harvested. This is an advantage in diversification for soil health and food security.

2012 November 27, Michael R. Edelstein, Astrid Cerny, Abror Gadaev, Disaster by Design: The Aral Sea and Its Lessons for Sustainability, Emerald Group Publishing, →ISBN, page 167:

(agriculture) To practice crop rotation in growing (a particular crop)


early bloomer

(horticulture) A flowering plant that blooms earlier in a growing season than other flowering plants.


tobacco-sick

en-adj

tobacco-sick (comparative more tobacco-sick, superlative most tobacco-sick)

more tobacco-sick (comparative)
most tobacco-sick (superlative)

(agriculture) Of soil: deficient in potassium, so that tobacco will not grow well.


queen excluder

(beekeeping) A selective barrier inside a beehive that allows workers past, but not the larger queens and drones.


knee-high by the Fourth of July

/ˌniːˈhaɪ baɪ ðə ˌfɔːθ‿əv d͡ʒʊˈlaɪ/

/ˌniˈhaɪ baɪ ðə ˌfɔɹθ‿əv d͡ʒəˈlaɪ/

En-us-knee-high by the Fourth of July.ogg

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-knee-high by the Fourth of July.wav

The terms knee-high and Fourth of July were probably chosen because they rhyme with each other.

(US, agriculture) If a corn (maize) crop planted in spring has grown knee-high by the Fourth of July (Independence Day of the United States), a bountiful harvest is expected.


strip cropping

(agriculture) The cultivation of a field partitioned into long, narrow strips that are alternated in a crop rotation system.


strip farming

open-field system
open-field system#English

(historical) Synonym of open-field system.


single-crop

(agriculture, intransitive) To grow only one kind of crop.


tiger stripes

At the time of ripening, leaves of Esca-affected vines show an interveinal necrosis, known as “tiger stripes”, also called Grapevine Leaf Stripe Disease (GLSD), causing the drying of grape clusters, and, thus, affecting grape quality and composition.

2022, Laura Martín, Blanca García-García, María del Mar Alguacil, “Interaction of the fungal community in the complex patho-system of Esca, a grapevine trunk disease”, in International Journal of Molecular Sciences, volume 23:

The typical foliar symptoms of the disease may appear on the foliage as tiger stripes, while the berries can show purple spots, cracks and drying up.

2023, Franceso Calzarano, Carmine Amalfitano, Leonardo Seghetti, Stefano Di Marco, “Effect of Different Foliar Fertilizer Applications on Esca Disease of Grapevine”, in Agronomy, volume 13, number 5:

(biology, agriculture) A pattern of brown stripes on leaves caused by fungal or other microbial infection.


open-field system

en-noun

open-field system (plural open-field systems)

(agriculture, historical) The prevalent agricultural system in much of Europe during the Middle Ages, in which each manor or village had two or three large fields divided into narrow strips of land individually cultivated by tenants or serfs.


prick out

en-verb

prick out (third-person singular simple present pricks out, present participle pricking out, simple past and past participle pricked out)

pricks out (present singular third-person)
pricking out (participle present)
pricked out (participle past)
pricked out (past)

Before the time for sowing arrives consideration should be given to the question of what labour is available for pricking out the seedlings, and what accommodation can be provided for the protection of the plants in their later stages

1911, Thomas Smith, Profitable Culture of Vegetables:

(horticulture, ambitransitive) To separate (seedlings) growing together, for example into a different pot


EHD

epizootic hemorrhagic disease
epizootic hemorrhagic disease#English

(veterinary medicine, agriculture) Initialism of epizootic hemorrhagic disease.


dew-drink

(agriculture, historical) A portion of beer drunk before beginning the day's harvesting work.


hydrosprigging

(agriculture) The use of sprigs or cut stolons and rhizomes in a slurry of fertilizer, mulch, and binding agent, sprayed with a hose over a target area instead of planting.


specialty crop

(agriculture, idiomatic, loosely) Any of various crops cultivated for, or managed and gathered for, human use (in food, personal hygiene, medicine, or decoration) rather than as animal feed, fodder, or forage.

(agriculture, idiomatic, strictly) Any of a category of human-use crops that include "fruits and vegetables, tree nuts, dried fruits, horticulture, and nursery crops (including floriculture)"; "eligible plants must be cultivated or managed and used by people for food, medicinal purposes, and/or aesthetic gratification to be considered specialty crops."


row crop

(agriculture) A crop grown in rows; especially, a truck crop thus grown.


farm holder

farm holders (plural)
farm-holder (alternative)
farmholder (alternative)

Near-synonym: farmer


farm owner

farm owners (plural)
farm-owner (alternative)
farmowner (alternative)


agricultural holder

en-noun

agricultural holder (plural agricultural holders)

(agriculture) An agriculturist who holds or owns a farm.


grow room

grow rooms (plural)
growroom (alternative)

(horticulture) A room of any size where plants, sometimes illicit, are grown under controlled conditions.


grow box

grow boxes (plural)
growbox (alternative)

(horticulture) A partially or completely enclosed system for raising plants indoors or in small areas.


hoghouse

hoghouses (plural)
hog house (alternative)

There should be appended to the hoghouse an open yard for straw, litter, weeds, &c., which the hogs, during summer, will work into manure, and into which the dung is thrown from the pen. Hogs are subject to various diseases, particularly if shut up in a close pen during the time of fattening, which are often suddenly fatal. Prevention is here easier than cure; and many farmers prefer giving their hogs yardroom where they can root in the earth, which is deemed a preventive.

1844, Jesse Buel, The Farmers' Instructor. Consisting of Essays, Practical Directions, and Hints for the Management of the Farm and the Garden. Originally Published in the Cultivator; Selected and Revised for the School District Library, volume 2, Harper and Brothers, page 90:

It is a long recognized fact that a greenhouse roof admits the maximum amount of sunshine, but it is only recently that the sunlit hoghouse has been actually put into use. It has been conceded by leading stockmen that the best hoghouse is the one admitting the most sunlight, but it remained for the agricultural engineers of the Iowa State College to demonstrate the practicability of the greenhouse type of roof for the hoghouse.

1916 September, “Getting sunlight into the hoghouse”, in American Co-operative Journal, volume 12, number 1, page 60:

There is no building on the farm that needs ventilation any more than the type of hoghouse that is being built today. The pigs are not only suffering for fresh air but the temperature varies greatly, often getting too high, and the frost nuisance is worse in the hoghouse. We cannot expect to build a hoghouse warm, with walls and roof practically air tight, put aerators on top, and expect it to be ventilated.

1920 April, “Hoghouse ventilation”, in Extension Circulars, number 31: Farm Building Ventilation, South Dakota State College of Agriculture, page 9:

One Amish farmer, confronted with the problem of scours in his hogs, handled the problem in the following way. After first trying to save as many animals as he could, he then discontinued raising them in the hoghouse and instead turned his chickens loose in that building. He noted that the disease did not bother the chickens and that the "chicken bugs seemed to destroy the hog bugs." After about a year when he turned the chickens out and once again began to raise hogs in the hoghouse, the animals were no longer bothered with scours.

1975, Elmer Schwieder, Dorothy Schwieder, A Peculiar People: Iowa's Old Order Amish, Iowa State University Press, →ISBN, page 39:

house#English:_building housing something other than humans

(agriculture) A house (barn or shed) for hogs (pigs).


chop and drop

(horticulture) The practice of removing plants by cutting them down to the soil level, without removing the roots.


dairy cake

dairy cake (countable and uncountable, plural dairy cakes)

dairy cake or meal

The production ration consisted of a mixture of bran, dried grains, protos, soya meal, and SBS dairy cake; 4 lbs. per gallon of milk. This also was a very suitable ration. It cost 24.88 pence per cow per day or 6.67 pence per gallon of milk. The lowest cost of feeding per cow per day (10.65 pence) refers to a herd of 14 Shorthorn cows averaging 16.07 lbs. of milk. The ration consisted of 10 lbs. tare and oat hay, 23 lbs. wet grains, 0.6 lbs. protos, 0.8 lbs Bibby dairy cake, and 0.6 lbs. maize gluten food. The cost of food per gallon of milk was 6.63 pence.

1924 March, G.H. Garrad, quotee, “Interim Report on Food Records, November 15, 1923, to February 1, 1924, by G.H. Garrad”, in The Dairyman: The Cowkeeper and Dairyman's Journal, volume 46, number 7, page 359:

The selection of suitable cakes and meals for the production ration will depend on prices and whether the home-grown foods with which they are to be blended are rich in protein or otherwise. Small farmers who have got only five or six cows may find it difficult to purchase a few hundredweights of several different foods, and they are justified, so long as the price is reasonable, in buying a well-balanced proprietary dairy cake or meal of a reputable firm that is beyond suspicion of using inferior ingredients. On the other hand, there is every reason why a large herd owner should avoid middlemen's profits by buying his feeding stuffs separately and making up his own mixture.

1926, G.H. Garrad, The Principles of Dairy-Farming (The Farmer And Stock Breeder Manuals), Ernest Benn Ltd, page 119:

On the journey home to milking, along the green lane to the farmstead, Christmas walked last. The other cows were purposeful, knowing dairy cake awaited them. Let nothing get in their way: they trotted. But Christmas dawdled in the lane, last, alone, safe from hustling, and enjoyed a feast of her choice [browsing on hedges].

1961, Adrian Bell, My Own Master, Faber and Faber, pages 224-225:

(agriculture, usually uncountable) A type of cattle cake formulated specifically to meet the nutritional requirements of dairy cows.


poshy

en-adj

poshy (comparative poshier, superlative poshiest)

poshier (comparative)
poshiest (superlative)

Plant shrubs and trees, deciduous or evergreen; but avoid a poshy state of the land, if it be binding or clayey.

1849, British Farmer's Magazine, number 16, page 461:

I prefer a deep, rich loam, neither clay nor sand, but what the plough boys call "poshy land," sticks to the plough […]

1877, Southern Cultivator, volume 35, page 306:

(agriculture, archaic) Of land: sticky, clayey, binding.


intensive farming

(agriculture) An industrial approach to farming, characterized by a low fallow ratio and high use of inputs such as capital, labour, agrochemicals and water to extract higher crop yields per unit land area.

tehomaatalous

approach to farming involving high use of inputs for maximum yield


intensive agriculture

intensive farming
intensive farming#English

(agriculture) Synonym of intensive farming.


row up

en-verb

row up (third-person singular simple present rows up, present participle rowing up, simple past and past participle rowed up)

rows up (present singular third-person)
rowing up (participle present)
rowed up (participle past)
rowed up (past)

(agriculture) To dig rows for planting or to plant in rows


acquisition feeding time

(agriculture, botany, virology) The amount of time required for a successful acquisition of a virus by its vector for subsequent transmission, in which it then becomes viruliferous.


ploughbeam

ploughbeams (plural)
plough beam (alternative)
plough-beam (alternative)
plow beam (alternative)
plowbeam (alternative)
plow-beam (alternative)

(agriculture, British spelling) Wooden or metal bar that connects the shares of a plough to the yoke.


washpit

This washpit is supplied with water passing through an inlet channel cut from the rivulet at its higher level and outof the pit into the stream by an outlet channel lower down.

1893 June 3, “Rivers Pollution Act, 1876—Water flowing into stream from washpit for sheep—Remedy”, in Justice of the Peace, volume 57, number 22:

The footpath from Gilmorton village towards Lutterworth, which now enters Lutterworth road nearly opposite Gilmorton house, is described in the Award as to enter that road near the washpit, having to be made one field distant from, and parallel with that road, on the west side thereof.

1918, Martin Bloxsom, A History of the Parish of Gilmorton, in the County of Leicester, page 70:

All Crickway with ye rushy hades below Crickford and all long washpit lands and leas with all short washpit lands and all comon ground at ye upper end and costydean furlong straight from Ralph Jackson's for shooter of hanging woolbreach into costydean with costydean and all stanwell hill from ye nether side up to John Cave senior's land between John Bawcut's and Thomas Edward's land […]

1995, David Hall, The Open Fields of Northamptonshire, page 21:

(agriculture) An outdoor pit with water running through it, used to wash livestock.


reaper-binder

(agriculture) A type of harvester for grain crops that combines a reaper with a binder; it is now largely obsolete because combine harvesters have largely replaced it, but it remains in use in certain situations and communities in which it remains practically useful.


sheephouse

The sheep are afterwards driven into an unpastured adjoining meadow, and remain there (to prevent their soiling themselves in the sheephouse) a day and night, […]

1800, Transactions of the Dublin Society, page 198:

(agriculture) A roofed enclosure for sheep.


spiderette

(horticulture) A plantlet produced by the spider plant.


thermoballing

Certain subspecies, such as Japanese honey bees, guard against hornets by "thermoballing."

2007 September 17, “Honey Bee Defense Leaves Hornets Breathless”, in Science:

Some honeybees have adapted to defend themselves from Asian giant hornets via thermoballing, which is when they surround the hornet and vibrate their muscles.

(Can we date this quote?), Helen Roy, “Asian hornet guide: how to identify, the difference from a native European hornet, and how to report a sighting”, in BBC Wildlife Magazine:

(beekeeping) An incident where honeybees surround a threat and cause it to die through high temperature.


pot on

pot on (third-person singular simple present pots on, present participle potting on, simple past and past participle potted on)

pots on (present singular third-person)
potting on (participle present)
potted on (participle past)
potted on (past)

(transitive, horticulture) To move a potted plant to a larger, more suitable flowerpot.


dig over

dig over (third-person singular simple present digs over, present participle digging over, simple past and past participle dug over)

digs over (present singular third-person)
digging over (participle present)
dug over (participle past)
dug over (past)

(horticulture) To dig thoroughly through an area so as to loosen the soil and make it suitable for planting.


flex out

flex out (third-person singular simple present flexes out, present participle flexing out, simple past and past participle flexed out)

flexes out (present singular third-person)
flexing out (participle present)
flexed out (participle past)
flexed out (past)

(agriculture, intransitive, of corn plants) To respond to greater space availability by growing larger kernels (as opposed to growing at a consistent size no matter what, i.e. fixed-ear hybrids).


turn under

turn under (third-person singular simple present turns under, present participle turning under, simple past and past participle turned under)

turns under (present singular third-person)
turning under (participle present)
turned under (participle past)
turned under (past)

Unproductive soil should be turned under to help the soil for next season.

I don't think these will flower, so I will just turn them under.

(transitive, intransitive, agriculture, of plants or soil) To dig up and rebury in the same spot.


yellow off

yellow off (third-person singular simple present yellows off, present participle yellowing off, simple past and past participle yellowed off)

yellows off (present singular third-person)
yellowing off (participle present)
yellowed off (participle past)
yellowed off (past)

(agriculture, of plants turning yellow) To stop maturing prematurely and also usually die off.


chop out

chop out (third-person singular simple present chops out, present participle chopping out, simple past and past participle chopped out)

chops out (present singular third-person)
chopping out (participle present)
chopped out (participle past)
chopped out (past)

It's a machine to chop out cotton fields.

(agriculture, transitive) To thin out the planting density of cotton.


garden soil

en-noun

garden soil (countable and uncountable, plural garden soils)

(horticulture) Topsoil consisting of additional organic matter, such as compost, peat, or fertilizer.


cure up

en-verb

cure up (third-person singular simple present cures up, present participle curing up, simple past and past participle cured up)

cures up (present singular third-person)
curing up (participle present)
cured up (participle past)
cured up (past)

Leaves harvested late will cure up green.

(intransitive, agriculture, of tobacco leaves) To cure (undergo a chemical or physical process for preservation or use) in a particular color or area.


cure down

cure down (third-person singular simple present cures down, present participle curing down, simple past and past participle cured down)

cures down (present singular third-person)
curing down (participle present)
cured down (participle past)
cured down (past)

(transitive, agriculture) To cure tobacco leaves thoroughly by drying them to prepare them for use.


creeper gear

So called because the vehicle creeps in the mechanical sense of that word: it moves very slowly, such that a person on foot can outwalk it, for example.

Near-synonym: low gear

(automotive, trucking, agriculture, heavy industry) The lowest gear on a vehicle: especially, a dedicated super-low gear, available in some trucks and tractors, that is even lower than the usual low gear, which is labeled as first gear.

trucking; heavy industry; trucking; heavy industry


lay system

They farmed this whole valley on the lay system back then, and the lord kept the horses and ploughmen busy.

(agriculture, archaic, especially British) A certain system of fallow farming with a certain crop rotation and rotation of arable and pasturage.


barley reel

(agriculture) A machine designed to remove wild oats from barley, wild oats from large tame oats, and pin oats from wheat.


barley scald

(botany, agriculture) A disease of barley caused by the fungus Rhynchosporium secalis.


barley smut

(botany, agriculture) A disease of barley caused by the fungus Ustilago nuda.

(botany, agriculture) A disease of barley caused by the fungus Ustilago hordei.


slap mark

(agriculture) An identifying tattoo applied to livestock by means of a tool (slap marker).


slap marker

(agriculture) A tool for applying slap marks to livestock, consisting of a pattern of pins attached to a long handle.


toft and croft

en-noun

toft and croft (plural tofts and crofts)

(history, agriculture) A smallholding consisting of cottage (the croft) with a small area of attached land (the toft).


water wand

(horticulture) A type of device that is screwed onto the end of a garden hose in order to reduce water pressure without decreasing the volume.


moriculture

From Latin morī, genetive of mōrus (“black mulberry tree”), + culture.

The Ming-Qing dynasties developed and spread the techniques of growing dwarf mulberry trees which facilitated leaf picking and favored leaf growing: moriculture became a proto-specialized activity.

2020, Mau Chuan-hui, “Sericulture and its Complementary: Wild Silk Production in China’s Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries”, in Seri-Technics, Max Planck Research Library for the History and Development of Knowledge, →ISBN:

(agriculture) The production of mulberry leaves to provide feed for silkworms.


Chelsea chop

So called because it coincides with the period of the Chelsea Flower Show.

(UK, horticulture, informal) The practice of pruning herbaceous plants around the end of May.


mortgage burner

mortgage burner (plural mortgage burners)

From the notion of burning the mortgage note (promissory note) after paying off the mortgage.

Hogs were a mortgage burner at the time; a new hoghouse could pay its way.

Tobacco was considered a mortgage burner in that day.

Are the changes in hog production beneficial? My general posture is no, although many will disagree. Perhaps there are some small savings in social costs — some economies of large scale production. My feeling is that these economies are more than offset by the impending loss of hogs as the "mortgage burner" for the young families getting started in farming. ¶ What brought this switch toward large volume hog operations? Economies of scale have been mentioned. In another paper, Glenn Grimes and I listed three "motivating factors" and five "enabling factors" for the structural shifts of the past 40 years in hog production.

1980, V. James Rhodes, “The Red Meat Food Chain: Horizontal Size and Vertical Linkages. Paper No. 1980-40”, in white paper archive, Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Missouri–Columbia, page 11:

B. Effect of the Rapid Expansion of Large Producers on Traditional Missouri Hog Producers ¶ Raising pigs has traditionally been called the "mortgage burner." With a small lot and a wooden shed, a young farmer could tend a few sows, sell the offspring, and make enough money to buy some cropland. As time went on, the hog income could buy a new truck and maybe send a child to college. Many smaller producers fear that the concentration of hog production will result in the loss of this important supplemental income. ¶ Will the demise of the family farm follow in the wake of this rapid expansion of huge hog facilities? That is the prediction of some experts.

1996, Jerome M. Organ, Kristin M. Perry, “Controlling Externalities Associated with Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations: Evaluating the Impact of H.B. 1207 and the Continuing Viability of Zoning and the Common Law of Nuisance”, in Missouri Environmental Law and Policy Review, volume 3, number 4, page 184:

When you ask Andrew Dickson about the possibilities for the pork industry in 2009 you get the feeling there is light at the end of the tunnel. Dickson is the General Manager of the Manitoba Pork Council and he says things look brighter than they did a year ago. ¶ “We entered 2008 with record high feed prices and low prices for our product,” says Dickson. “There were times in the year that there was absolutely no market for weanlings, so things look better than they did through the year.” ¶ […] He acknowledges that there are some operations that are surviving because the returns from the grain industry subsidized the hog operations, and he looks at it philosophically. ¶ “There were many times it went the other way,” he says. “People forget how much land hogs have paid for. They have been called the mortgage burner for a reason.” He does not expect a sector to stand on its own through all times. ¶ “The hog industry has provided a market for a lot of feed grains and it has a value because of it,” says Dickson.

2009 January 10, “A glimmer of light seen for hog industry in the new year”, in AgriPost (Manitoba):

(agriculture) A cash crop or choice of livestock regarded as the best bet for a smallholder farmer in some particular time and place (under current market conditions).


Russian violet

The Russian Violet, formed to retain both tint and fragrance through the most biting severity of weather, gives me this lesson of hope; bringing also in its train many a recollection no less dear than are the anticipations it numbers.

1849, Charlotte Elizabeth, The Works of Charlotte Elizabeth - Volume 1, page 657:

The Russian violet is certainly one of the most delightful little flowers, and often comes at the most unpromising time of the year, but those who want to be always plucking violets should have all the leading varieties.

1850, Annals of Horticulture - Volume 5, page 221:

Those with which we are at present concerned are violets proper, and may be considered under three heads, viz. the common violet, V. odorata; the Russion violet, including the Czar and other like varieties; and lastly, the Neapolitan.

1875, “Violets”, in The Young Englishwoman, page 98:

An hour later we left the Colosseum, but not till we had heard that soaring voice again, vibrating in our very hearts, and saw the young cantatrice appear with a knot of Russian violets pinned upon the bosom which rose and fell in an ecstasy of song.

1899, Richard Savage, “Love's Legacy”, in Our Mysterious Passenger: And Other Stories, page 195:

Two packets of choice Russian Violet seed were then sown in friable soil, well sifted, and made rich with a bottom layer of old cow manure.

1904, Sarah Warner Brooks, A Garden with House Attached, page 70:

."And your Russian violets," I added. She looked at them hesitatingly, but slightly shrugged her shoulders, that were bare and gleamed in the half glow of lamp and fire like moonlight on silvered meadow, and, turning, looked up at me and said: "I am ready at last; pray pardon my long delay."

2019, Douglass Sherley, “Those Russian Violets”, in A Few Short Sketches:

(horticulture) A variety of violet, Viola suavis, noted for its hardiness and strong fragrance.


underprune

en-verb

underprune (third-person singular simple present underprunes, present participle underpruning, simple past and past participle underpruned)

underprunes (present singular third-person)
underpruning (participle present)
underpruned (participle past)
underpruned (past)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-underprune.wav

(transitive, horticulture) To prune insufficiently.


low-growing

en-adj

low-growing (comparative lower-growing, superlative lowest-growing)

lower-growing (comparative)
lowest-growing (superlative)

(botany, horticulture) Of plants, that grow relatively close to the ground.


light plough

(agriculture) A simple plough lacking a moldboard and that is symmetrical on both sides of its draft line.


mouldboard plough

en-noun

mouldboard plough (plural mouldboard ploughs)

(agriculture) A farm tool that is used to cut, lift, and turn soil for primary tillage operations.


turnplough

(agriculture) A type of plough that is designed to turn over the soil, often by the use of a mouldboard.


sodbuster plough

sodbuster plough (plural sodbuster ploughs)

(agriculture) A type of plough specifically designed to break up tough, sod-like soil on the prairies, particularly in the American Midwest.


Welsh Black

(agriculture) A cattle breed native to Wales, one of the oldest in Great Britain.


feering

(Scotland, agriculture) A furrow drawn out as a marker before ploughing a field.


mowhay

(Cornwall, agriculture) A place to store hay; a barn or stackyard.


rockpicker

(agriculture) A farmer or laborer reducing the stoniness of farm fields by picking out the rocks. A role played periodically, not a vocation.


rockpicking

(agriculture) Reducing the stoniness of farm fields by picking out the rocks. A task performed periodically, not a vocation.


cornshucker

[John Herr] was a man of powerful physique, six feet two inches in height, muscular and brawny, and noted in the settlement for his physical prowess, and enjoyed the reputation of being the best cornshucker and rifle shot in the neighborhood. A blacksmith by trade, John Herr was a fair type of Longfellow's hero of the world-renowned poem "The Village Blacksmith."

1895, Charlotte McIlvain Moore, “Old Kentucky homes”, in Frank Leslie's Popular Monthly, volume 39, number 64, page 64:

(agriculture) A farmer or farm worker engaged in shucking corn (maize). A role played periodically, not a vocation.

Nicholas Romanishan, Plaintiff vs. International Harvester Co., and Clark Vough, Individually and trading as Vough's Repair Shop and/or Vough & Sons, Defendants. 68 Ill. App. 2d 70, 215 N.E.2d 465, a farmer was injured when he reached into an operating cornshucker to remove jammed ears of corn. The Illinois court held that the question of whether the lack of a safety screen which would have prevented the farmer from reaching into the machine constituted a "defective condition unreasonably dangerous to the user" was for the jury. This rationale was specifically rejected by our Supreme Court in Bartkewich vs. Billinger, 432 Pa. 351, […]

1977, Northampton County Bar Association, “Cases Determined in the Courts of Northampton County in the State of Pennsylvania”, in Northampton County Reporter, volume 42, page 55:

(agriculture) A machine or machine component that shucks corn.


open-field

(agriculture, historical) Of a farming system, in which each manor or village had two or three large fields divided into narrow strips of land individually cultivated by tenants or serfs.


bud grafting

bud grafting (countable and uncountable, plural bud graftings)

(horticulture) Synonym of budding (“the practice of uniting a single scion bud with rootstock or bark”).


garden pest

(informal, horticulture) Any animal, insect or other organism that harms or damages plants in a garden.


container plant

container plant (plural container plants)

(botany, horticulture) A plant that grows in a pot or other container, instead of in the ground.


chick culling

(agriculture) The culling (destruction) of chicks (baby birds, typically chickens). In the egg industry, this means destruction of male chicks at birth because they will not lay eggs.


rowcrop

(agriculture) A crop to be planted in rows.


carpomania

(horticulture) An undesirable gritty condition of pears, quinces, etc. caused by deposition of layers of cells.


sodium adsorption ratio

(agriculture) A water quality parameter used for managing sodium-affected soil.


pig farm

pig farms (plural)
pig-farm (alternative)
pigfarm (alternative)

The dogs were barking over at the pigfarm,
the leaftruck was crawling through autumn,
lovers were unbuttoning in cellars
and what was I up to in that badlit attic?

1977, David Young, “The Names of a Hare in English: Les noms de un levre en englais”, in Poetry, volume 131, number 2, page 84 of 78-87:

He reminds me of a soldier I met in Cuba, who sat next to me in the station wagon which took a group of us on tour through a big school for children in Oriente Province. I was not too interested in the pig farm which we were being shown, and stayed in the car to rest, and he remained with me. Like all Cubans, he carried a book on Marxism-Leninism, and when I asked to see it and tried to read the Spanish, he shared it with me, and we read together, much as I read with the Polish pushcart man.

2006 October 1, Rita Corbin, “Love Is the Only Solution”, in The Catholic Worker, volume LXXIII, number 6, page 3b:

High removal efficiencies of 94% and 98% were achieved for pharmaceutical compounds enrofloxacin (ENR, a fluoroquinolone) and tetracycline (TET, tetracyclines family) respectively in constructed wetlands treating pigfarm wastewater effluent doped at 100 μg/L drug level, along twelve weeks indicating adsorption to be the predominant mechanism for ENR, although for TET, there were signs of degradation (Carvalho et al., 2013).

2014 October 1, Veera Gnaneswar Gude, Benjamin S. Magbanua, Dennis D. Truax, “Natural Treatment and Onsite Processes”, in Water Environment Research, volume 86, number 10, page 1228 of 1217–1249:

(agriculture) A farm where domestic pigs are raised and bred, primarily for food and, sometimes, for their skin.


green corn

(agriculture) The young ears of corn (maize) harvested while still in the milky [[stage], before the kernels fully mature.


turnrow

(agriculture) A strip of land at the ends of crop rows where farm equipment turns.


pick-your-own

(agriculture, marketing) Synonym of U-pick.


grass-cock

Near-synonym: hay-cock (broadly synonymous)

Grass-cock (s. in husbandry) A small heap of mown grass laid to dry the first day.

1775, John Ash, The New And Complete Dictionary Of The English Language, In Which All The Words are Introduced ... To Which Is Prefixed, A Comprehensive Grammar; In Two Volumes, volume I:

Case 56. Tithes of hay ought to be paid in grass-cocks. S. C. 2. Eq. Ab. 733. Carth. 264. Smithson and Others against Dodson. THIS was a bill brought by the parishioners of Gargrave, in Yorkshire, against the defendant, their VICAR, to produce an ancient terrier in his custody, which shews the method of payment of tithes in that parish, which they suggest to be a modus, VIZ. for hay the vicar is to have the tenth grass-cock (a), and three half-pence for every milch-cow, and a penny for every swarm of bees, and sixpence for every orchard.

1795, Modern Reports; or Select Cases Adjudged in the Courts of King's Bench, Chancery, Common Pleas, and Exchequer, volume 9, London, England:

"[…] Second Day.—The business of this day commences with tedding all the grass that was mown the first day after nine o'clock, and all that was mown this day before nine o'clock. Next, the grass-cocks are to be well shaken out into staddles, or separate plats, of five or six yards in diameter. If the crop should be so thin and light, as to leave the spaces between these staddles rather large, such spaces must be immediately raked clean, and the rakings mixed with the other hay, in order to its all drying of an uniform odour. The next business is to turn the staddles, and after that, to turn the grass that was tedded in the first part of the morning, once or twice, in the manner described for the first day. This should all be done before twelve or one o'clock, so that the whole may lie to dry while the work-people are at dinner. After dinner, the first thing to be done is to rake the staddles into double windrows—in doing which, every two persons rake the hay in opposite directions, or towards each other, and by that means form a row between them of double the size of a single windrow. Each of these double windrows is about six or eight feet distant from the other. The next operation is to rake the grass into single windrows; then the double windrows are put into bastard-cocks; and lastly, the single windrows are put into grass-cocks; this completes the work of the day. "Third Day.—The grass mown, and not spread on the second day, and also, that mown in the carly part of this day, is first to be tedded, and then the grass-cocks are to be spread into staddles as before, and the bastard-cocks into staddles of less extent. These lesser staddles, though last spread, are first turned, then those which were in grass cocks, and next, the grass is turned once or twice before twelve or one o'clock, when the people go to dinner as usual. If the weather has proved sunny and fine, the hay which was last night in bastard-cocks, will this afternoon be in a proper state to be carried. It seldom happens in dry weather, but that it may be carried in the third day; but if the weather should, on the contrary, have been cool and cloudy, no part of it probably will be fit to carry. In that case, the first thing set about after dinner, is to rake that which was in grass-cocks last night, into double windrows. After this, the hay which was last night in bastard-cocks is made up into full-sized cocks, and care taken to rake the hay up clean, and also to put the rakings upon the top of each cock. Next, the double windrows are put into bastard-cocks and the single windrow into grass-cocks, as on the preceding days. "Fourth Day.—On this day, the great cocks just mentioned are usually carried before dinner. The other operations of the day are such, and in the order as before described, and are continued daily until the hay harvest is completed. In the course of haymaking, the grass should, as much as possible, be protected, both day and night, against rain and dew, by cocking. […]"

1848 [1794], unknown author, widely requoted, with alterations, quotee, “Haymaking”, in Rev. John M. Wilson, editor, The rural cyclopedia, or, a general dictionary of agriculture and of the arts, sciences, instruments, and practice, necessary to the farmer, stockfarmer, gardener, forester, landsteward, farrier, &c, volumes II: D–I, Edinburgh, Scotland: A. Fullarton and Co, page 608:

"When, says he, the crops of clover are large and heavy, it is necessary that the swaths should be turned over at the making, the stalks of this grass being very replete with juices. This may be done the next day after the mowing, or the second day after, as the weather is more or less farourable, observing that, as the chief virtue of this hay resides in the leaf and blossom, the less they are disturbed, the more valuable will be the fodder: on which account the tedding of this hay abroad, as is practised by some people, cannot fail to be of the greatest injury. From the windrows, it should be made up into grass-cocks, which, having enjoyed the influence of the sun and air for a day or two, may be thrown into large cocks for carting. But, if wet weather prevail during the season for making this hay, it causes an infinite deal of trouble to the farmer; and the clover, from having been frequently shaken abroad, is deprived of its most nutritious particles, namely, the blossom and the leaf."

1807, Mr. Banister, quotee, “Hay”, in The Complete Farmer; Or, General Dictionary of Agriculture and Husbandry: Comprehending the Most Improved Methods of Cultivation; the Different Modes of Raising Timber, Fruit, and Other Trees; and the Modern Management of Live-stock: with Descriptions of the Most Approved Implements, Machinery, and Farm-buildings, 5 edition, volume I, London, England:

(agriculture, dated) A cock (small pile) of grass (cut, gathered, and piled).


convertible husbandry

(agriculture) A method of farming whereby strips of arable farmland are temporarily converted into grass pasture, known as leys.


potato spinner

(agriculture) A device with a spoked wheel that is connected to a tractor (or traditionally drawn by a horse) to lift potatoes out of the ground.


semiearly

(horticulture) Growing somewhat early in the season.


green road

(agriculture) A rural, unpaved route that provides access to agricultural land.


green meat

green meat (countable and uncountable, plural green meats)

(agriculture) Any type of food or fodder consisting of herbs, plants or vegetables.

(agriculture) Meat that has not been aged.

(agriculture) Poultry that, due to limited blood supply in a chicken, causes the tissue to turn green.


agrosupply

The period from the late 1970s onward thus represents a more unstable period for the agrosupply sector, facing both industrial restructuring processes leading to further concentration, on the one hand, and a dwindling market situation brought about by the demise of the postwar productionist agricultural policies on the other.

1994, Philip McMichael, The Global Restructuring of Agro-food Systems, Cornell University Press, page 119:

Invivo, one of the leading French cooperatives in the grain and agrosupply sectors, which announced a turnover of €6.4 billion, highlights: “big data applications will be developed in sowing, crop protection, irrigation, the management of harvests, equipment and livestock breeding”.

2017 September 21, Feras A. Batarseh, Ruixin Yang, Federal Data Science: Transforming Government and Agricultural Policy Using Artificial Intelligence, Academic Press, pages 82-83:

COCERAL (Acronym for Comité du Commerce des céréales, aliments du bétail, oléagineux, huile d'olive, huiles et graisses et agrofournitures) is a European association, representing the trade in cereals, rice, feedstuffs, oilseeds, olive oil, oils and fats and agrosupply.

2023 November 23, Wikipedia contributors, “COCERAL”, in English Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation:

(agriculture) The provision or distribution of agricultural inputs and resources, such as seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, and farming equipment, essential for agricultural production.


earhead

(agriculture) The grain-bearing tip of the stem of a cereal plant.


subsistence crop

subsistence crop (plural subsistence crops)

(agriculture) A crop that meet the needs of families, although typically not very valuable.


cotton stripper

cotton stripper (plural cotton strippers)

(agriculture) A large machine used to pick entire bolls of cotton, ripe or still growing.