diploinsufficiency

en-noun

diploinsufficiency (countable and uncountable, plural diploinsufficiencies)

(genetics) The state of a diploid organism having only a single copy of a particular gene, the other copy being inactivated due to mutation


downmethylation

(genetics) The process, or the result of downmethylating


downmethylate

en-verb

downmethylate (third-person singular simple present downmethylates, present participle downmethylating, simple past and past participle downmethylated)

downmethylates (present singular third-person)
downmethylating (participle present)
downmethylated (participle past)
downmethylated (past)

(genetics) To methylate (a gene) less than usually


upmethylate

upmethylate (third-person singular simple present upmethylates, present participle upmethylating, simple past and past participle upmethylated)

upmethylates (present singular third-person)
upmethylating (participle present)
upmethylated (participle past)
upmethylated (past)

(genetics) To methylate (a gene) more than usually


haploweb

(genetics) A graphical representation of related haplotypes


multialignment

(genetics) alignment with multiple genetic sequencies


superenhancer

(genetics) A region of a genome composed of many enhancers


taxonogenomic

(taxonomy, genetics) Relating to taxonogenomics


aneupolyploidy

(genetics) The condition of being aneupolyploid


quadranucleotide

(genetics) a codon containing four nucleotides


mitophylogenomic

(genetics) Relating to mitophylogenomics


CIMP

(medicine, genetics) Initialism of CpG island methylator phenotype.


Ph chromosome

Philadelphia chromosome
Philadelphia chromosome#English


PTM

posttranslational modification
posttranslational modification#English

(biochemistry, genetics) Initialism of posttranslational modification.


mobile genetic element

en-noun

mobile genetic element (plural mobile genetic elements)

(genetics) A kind of genetic material, found in all organisms, that can move around within a genome, or be transferred from one species or replicon to another.


FER

(genetics) A gene responsible for encoding proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase FER.


basigin

extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer

(genetics) A gene that codes for the basigin (BSG) protein.


heterotetraploid

(genetics, of a chromosome) tetraploid but whose strands are not all the same


intronize

en-verb

intronize (third-person singular simple present intronizes, present participle intronizing, simple past and past participle intronized)

intronizes (present singular third-person)
intronizing (participle present)
intronized (participle past)
intronized (past)


eigentrait

(genetics, biology) A trait associated with the presence of an eigengene


neolocalized

(genetics, of a gene) Having a new location


neolocalize

neolocalize (third-person singular simple present neolocalizes, present participle neolocalizing, simple past and past participle neolocalized)

neolocalizes (present singular third-person)
neolocalizing (participle present)
neolocalized (participle past)
neolocalized (past)

(genetics) To move a gene to a new location


autoexcision

(genetics) The removal of a gene from a copy of its own RNA.


concatesome

(genetics) The collection of concatenated genes of an organism


retrophylogenomics

(genetics) phylogenomics based on the analysis of retroposons


allogenomic

(genetics) Relating to allogenomes or to allogenomics


allogenome

(genetics) The combined genome of two unrelated people (typically involved in a tissue graft)


subexon

(genetics) A part of an exon composed of one or more introns


sonogenetics

(biology, genetics) The use of ultrasound to control cells that have been genetically modified with ion channels sensitive to sound


eigengenome

(genetics) (mathematics) One of a set of left singular vectors of a sequences x genomes matrix that tabulates, e.g., the DNA copy numbers of the genomes across the sequences.


hypertranslocation

(genetics) translocation by means of RNA polymerase


retrotranscriptomic

(genetics) Relating to a retrotranscriptome


retrotranscriptome

(genetics) A complete set of retrotranscripts


submegabase

(genetics) Composed of less than a million nucleotides


hypertranscribe

hypertranscribe (third-person singular simple present hypertranscribes, present participle hypertranscribing, simple past and past participle hypertranscribed)

hypertranscribes (present singular third-person)
hypertranscribing (participle present)
hypertranscribed (participle past)
hypertranscribed (past)


karyoscope

(genetics) A device that images a stained chromosome in order to visualize gene copy number alterations


pyrotagged

(genetics) sequenced by means of pyrotagging


transheteroallelic

(genetics) transheterozygous and heteroallelic


overdominantly

en-adv

overdominantly (comparative more overdominantly, superlative most overdominantly)

more overdominantly (comparative)
most overdominantly (superlative)


uniallelic

(genetics) Having a single allele at a locus


subtetraploid

(genetics) Having fewer than four chromosomes, typically as a result of apoptosis


suboperon

(genetics) A constituent part of an operon


complotype

(genetics) A genotype associated with the complement system


merodiploidy

(genetics) The condition of being merodiploid


chromatidic

(genetics) Relating to, or composed of chromatids


triplosensitive

(genetics) Relating to triplosensitivity


alloduplication

(genetics, rare) duplication of genetic material in allopolyploids


chromoanasynthesis

(genetics) A large, chaotic rearrangement of the genes of a chromosome.


chromoanagenesis

(genetics, biology) anagenesis as a result of chromoanasynthesis


realizator

(genetics) Any gene directly connected with a basic cellular function


retromobile

(genetics) mobile via retrotransposition


retromobility

(genetics) The condition of being retromobile


transjugation

(biology, genetics) The transfer of DNA by the physical contact of cells


transjugant

(biology, genetics) Relating to transjugation


extracentromeric

(biology, genetics) External to a centromere


triplolethal

(genetics, of a region of a chromosome) lethal if triploid


holocentricity

(genetics) The condition of being holocentric


gynohaploid

(genetics) haploid and having all genetic material passed from the female parent


haplolethality

(genetics) The condition of being haplolethal


hypermethylase

(biochemistry, genetics) An enzyme that catalyses hypermethylation


misdecode

en-verb

misdecode (third-person singular simple present misdecodes, present participle misdecoding, simple past and past participle misdecoded)

misdecodes (present singular third-person)
misdecoding (participle present)
misdecoded (participle past)
misdecoded (past)

(especially genetics) To incorrectly decode


haplolethal

(genetics, of a region of a chromosome) lethal if haploid


paleotetraploidization

en-noun

paleotetraploidization (usually uncountable, plural paleotetraploidizations)

(genetics) Conversion to a paleotetraploid form


phylostratification

(genetics, taxonomy) stratification by species


pseudogenize

en-verb

pseudogenize (third-person singular simple present pseudogenizes, present participle pseudogenizing, simple past and past participle pseudogenized)

pseudogenizes (present singular third-person)
pseudogenizing (participle present)
pseudogenized (participle past)
pseudogenized (past)

(genetics) To convert a gene into a pseudogene


retroregulation

en-noun

retroregulation (usually uncountable, plural retroregulations)

(genetics) regulation of mRNA translation by a sequence that is downstream


retroregulate

en-verb

retroregulate (third-person singular simple present retroregulates, present participle retroregulating, simple past and past participle retroregulated)

retroregulates (present singular third-person)
retroregulating (participle present)
retroregulated (participle past)
retroregulated (past)

(genetics) To regulate by means of retroregulation


pseudocopy

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-pseudocopy.wav

This could reflect the presence of only one bona fide copy of the element and one pseudocopy, assuming that the latter is mutated to an extent preventing adequate primer binding but allowing detection by hybridization.

1994, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, page 2822:

In order to make even a pseudocopy of a gene, a dozen sophisticated proteins are required: to pry apart the two DNA strands, to align the copying machinery at the right place, to stitch the nucleotides together into a string, to insert the pseudocopy back into the DNA, and much more.

2001, Michael J. Behe, Darwin's Black Box: The Biochemical Challenge to Evolution:

The disrupted pseudogene is in the mouse a pseudocopy of a gene of unknown function, called makorin 1.

2017, Hani K. Rizk, Evolution Oriented Genome Personalised: The Big Bang and its Output, page 258:

(genetics) An imperfect (mutated or incomplete) copy of a gene that is inserted into another segment of the DNA or RNA.


pseudohitchhiking

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-pseudohitchhiking.wav

(genetics) A form of hitchhiking caused by genetic drift at a nearby locus.


pseudoreversion

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-pseudoreversion.wav

(genetics) The reversion of a mutation in which the products are different from the originals


pseudorevertant

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-pseudorevertant.wav

(genetics) That has undergone pseudoreversion


transplice

transplice (third-person singular simple present transplices, present participle transplicing, simple past and past participle transpliced)

transplices (present singular third-person)
transplicing (participle present)
transpliced (participle past)
transpliced (past)


cytolocation

(genetics) cytogenetic location (of a gene on a chromosome)


deletogenic

(genetics) That causes a deletion (of a gene)


demultiplication

(genetics) The reversal of a previous multiplication (of genes)


hypomutator

(genetics) Any agent that causes hypomutation


pseudocompensatory

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-pseudocompensatory.wav


sesquimutant

(genetics) A mutant that contains one and a half times the amount of an original characteristic


tetratype

(genetics) A tetrad of two parental and two recombinant genotypes


oligorepeat

(genetics) A section of several repeats in a chromosome


precatenation

(genetics) catenation prior to replication


mistranslational

(especially genetics) Relating to mistranslation


superwobble

(genetics) An extended wobble that relies on codon synonyms


supernucleosomal

(genetics) Relating to multiple nucleosomes


antideterminant

(genetics) Something that prevents a nuclease from cutting at a specified point


haploidify

haploidify (third-person singular simple present haploidifies, present participle haploidifying, simple past and past participle haploidified)

haploidifies (present singular third-person)
haploidifying (participle present)
haploidified (participle past)
haploidified (past)


phenocopier

(genetics) A mutation that creates a phenocopy


autodiploidization

(genetics) The process of becoming autodiploid


hemigenome

(genetics) The partial genome inherited from either parent


hyperconservation

(genetics) Conservation of a trait through many generations.


hyperspank

(genetics) A particular inducible promoter of gene expression


quasifixation

en-noun

quasifixation (usually uncountable, plural quasifixations)

(genetics) The fixation of genes (prevention of mutation) under normal circumstances


unitigger

(genetics) A device that assembles unitigs.


syntelog

(genetics) Any of two or more homologous gene sequences found in different species that have a common ancestor


unitigging

unitigging (countable and uncountable, plural unitiggings)

(genetics) The assembling of unitigs (by means of a unitigger)


centrochromatin

(genetics) The chromatin from which a centromere is constructed


diplochromosomal

(genetics) Relating to a diplochromosome


haplotig

(genetics) A contig of clones that have the same haplotype.


hyperedited

(genetics, of nucleic acid) Excessively edited


protointron

(genetics) A section of RNA that develops into an intron


tetracomplex

(genetics) A complex of four homeobox genes


spliceogenic

A number of clinical applications are reviewed, i.e., mutation detection in inherited cancer syndromes based on DNA-sequencing, detection of spliceogenic variants based on RNA-sequencing, DNA-sequencing to identify risk modifiers and application for pre-implantation genetic diagnosis, cancer somatic mutation analysis, pharmacogenetics and liquid biopsy.

2017, Kamps R, “Next-Generation Sequencing in Oncology: Genetic Diagnosis, Risk Prediction and Cancer Classification”, in International journal of molecular sciences, volume 18, number 2, MDPI, →DOI, →PMID:


ultrasequencing

(genetics) an extension of pyrosequencing


recodonized

(genetics, of a gene) That has a (terminal) codon replaced or reattached


midbivalent

(genetics) in the middle of a bivalent chromosome


haploabnormal

(genetics) Having an abnormal haploid form


haploabnormality

haploabnormality (countable and uncountable, plural haploabnormalities)

(genetics) the condition of being haploabnormal


plasmagene

(genetics) A gene located in granules of the cytoplasm of a cell


oncoplot

(genetics) A diagrammatic representation of genetic mutations


retrohome

en-verb

retrohome (third-person singular simple present retrohomes, present participle retrohoming, simple past and past participle retrohomed)

retrohomes (present singular third-person)
retrohoming (participle present)
retrohomed (participle past)
retrohomed (past)

(genetics) To cause or to undergo retrohoming


barttin

(genetics) A human gene associated with Bartter syndrome.


contrasuppression

(genetics) The inhibition of the function of a suppressor.


pseudogenus

(genetics) A spurious genus based on apparent similarities in unrelated organisms


marginotomy

(genetics) The cutting (or incomplete copying) of the margins of a polynucleotide


overexpresser

(genetics) Something that experiences (or produces) overexpression


compoplot

(genetics) A barplot of the genetic composition of a population


suicide gene

(genetics) Any gene that causes a cell to kill itself through apoptosis.


coshift

(genetics) The shift (movement) of a gene along with another


dideoxysequencing

(genetics) The sequencing of dideoxynucleotides


microrecombination

(genetics) Very small scale recombination of nucleotides


OoA

(genetics, paleontology) Initialism of Out of Africa (hypothesis).


HGDP

(genetics) Initialism of Human Genome Diversity Project.


metaxin

(genetics) The gene that encodes this protein


protosequence

(genetics) The sequence of bases in an ancestral genome


genome size

(genetics) The size (mass or number of base pairs) of a genome


karyograph

(genetics) An image of all the chromosomes of a cell


uniread

(genetics) A single read of the identity of a base in a nucleic acid string


karyomap

(genetics) A graphical representation of the genes present in a pair of parents that could pass on genetic disorders to a child


metacluster

(genetics) A cluster of metagenomic data


recodonization

en-noun

recodonization (usually uncountable, plural not attested)

(genetics) The replacement or reattachment of a terminal codon to a gene


insertant

(genetics) A mutation that is inserted into a gene


nanoenhancer

(genetics, medicine) An enhancer used to target (typically cancer) cells


optotag

en-verb

optotag (third-person singular simple present optotags, present participle optotagging, simple past and past participle optotagged)

optotags (present singular third-person)
optotagging (participle present)
optotagged (participle past)
optotagged (past)

(genetics) To employ optotagging as part of optogenetics


flipon

(genetics) An altered conformation of a nucleic acid chain


phasogram

(genetics) A histogram of the distances between reads in a nucleic acid chain


protosplice

(genetics) Describing a site in a codon into which introns are first inserted


mendeliome

(genetics) All the genes associated with Mendelian inheritance


phenogrouping

(genetics) The identification and analysis of phenogroups


super-Mendelian

(genetics) Describing the inheritance of entire chromosomes rather than just genes


HAR

Coordinate term: HAQER

human accelerated region
human accelerated region#English

(genetics, evolutionary theory) Acronym of human accelerated region.


rhesusize

rhesusize (third-person singular simple present rhesusizes, present participle rhesusizing, simple past and past participle rhesusized)

rhesusizes (present singular third-person)
rhesusizing (participle present)
rhesusized (participle past)
rhesusized (past)

(genetics, of an antibody) To substitute a rhesus sequence for a human sequence into a nucleic acid


plastogene

(genetics) The equivalent of a simple gene in plastids


identical by state

(genetics) Being two identical alleles or two identical segments or sequences of DNA; being segments which are not identical by descent and therefore do not share a recent common ancestor.


phenodominant

(genetics) Relating to a dominant phenotype


monoparalogous

(genetics) That has resulted from a single paralogous diversion from a common ancestor


phenodominate

phenodominate (third-person singular simple present phenodominates, present participle phenodominating, simple past and past participle phenodominated)

phenodominates (present singular third-person)
phenodominating (participle present)
phenodominated (participle past)
phenodominated (past)

(genetics) To act in a phenodominant manner


telokinetic

(genetics) That migrates toward the telomere of a chromosome


hyperediting

(genetics) Excessive editing (of nucleic acid)


pregenome

(genetics) A collection of pregenomic RNA


polyguanosine

(genetics) A long string of guanosine residues in a nucleic acid


fragmentomics

(genetics) The genomics of DNA fragments produced by apoptotic and necrotic cells


allotetrapolyploidization

(genetics) Modification to allotetrapolyploid form


subhaplogrouping

en-noun

subhaplogrouping (countable and uncountable, plural subhaplogroupings)

(genetics) The assignment of subhaplogroups


ontotype

(genetics) The hierarchical form of a genotype


neoskipping

neoskipping (usually uncountable, plural neoskippings)

(genetics) The skipping of new exons in the construction of epitopes.


cryptocephal

(genetics) A coactivator of transcription


GOF

GOF (countable and uncountable, plural GOFs)

gain of function
gain of function#English

(genetics) Abbreviation of gain of function.


gain of function

gain of function (countable and uncountable, plural gains of function or gains of functions)

gains of function (plural)
gains of functions (plural)

(genetics) An increase in virulence or transmissibility


pseudosilent

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(genetics) Apparently, but not actually, silent.


trachealess

(genetics) A gene whose mutation affects the trachea of certain insects


ultrascaffold

(genetics) A very large genetic scaffold


multimutation

(genetics) The presence of multiple mutations


antirepeat

(genetics) that prevents the formation of repeats


pseudohaploid

(genetics) haploid, but with chromosomal translocations


tyrosinase related protein 1
tyrosinase related protein 1#English

Acronym of tyrosinase related protein 1.

(genetics) The gene encoding for the enzyme


NMD

nonsense-mediated decay
nonsense-mediated decay#English

(biochemistry, genetics) Initialism of nonsense-mediated decay.


NSD

Coordinate term: NMD

(biochemistry, genetics) Initialism of non-stop decay.


basemean

(genetics) The mean (average) of the dispersion of a gene


edgotype

(genetics) A node or edge in an interactome network


subdeletion

subdeletion (countable and uncountable, plural subdeletions)


hemicomplementation

(genetics) Partial genetic complementation


hemicomplemented

(genetics) Modified by hemicomplementation


bioexpression

(genetics) biological expression of a gene


monoreassortant

(genetics) reassortant in a single manner


BCAR

(genetics, oncology) Acronym of breast cancer anti-estrogen resistance gene.


amphitriploid

(genetics) Having a triploid set of chromosomes from each of its parents


UPD

(genetics) Initialism of uniparental disomy.


aarF

(genetics) A gene that is required to make coenzyme Q.


luxoid

Named by Green in 1955 (probably inspired by luxate meaning dislocated + -oid)

(genetics) A gene which when mutated in mice produces skeletal abnormalities.


particulate inheritance

(genetics) A pattern of inheritance showing that phenotypic traits can be passed from generation to generation through genes, which can keep their ability to be expressed while not always appearing in a descending generation.


WGS

We also ensured that the cell lines were derived from participants for whom whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data were available for both parents (for haplotype phasing).

2023 May 11, Wen-Wei LiaoMobin AsriJana Ebleret al., “A draft human pangenome reference”, in Nature, volume 617, →DOI, page 313:

whole genome sequencing
w:whole genome sequencing

(genetics) Initialism of whole genome sequencing.


XLR

(genetics) Abbreviation of X-chromosome linked recessive.


vlsE

(bacteriology, genetics) A gene coding for a lipoprotein (VlsE) in Borrelia mayonii.


hairpin transfer

hairpin transfer (plural hairpin transfers)

Because the terminal sequences are not perfect inverted repeats, hairpin transfer results in two end sequences that are related but the inverted complement of each other.

1999, Allan Granoff, Robert G. Webster, Encyclopedia of Virology:

Conclusive evidence that hairpin transfer does occur as hypothesized was provided by assays that employed a closed hairpin form of the viral ITR, which was constructed from the cloned AAV genome (Snyder et al., 1990).

2005, Jonathan Kerr, Susan Cotmore, Marshall E Bloom, Parvoviruses, page 194:

(genetics) Transfer of genetic information from a strand of nucleic acid that terminates in a hairpin ribozyme by first detaching one side of the base of the hairpin, so that the hairpin is flattened out before making the RNA copy.


Blk

Blk (countable and uncountable, plural Blks)

(genetics) A gene that encodes for an enzyme, B-cell lymphocyte kinase (BLK).


BLK

BLK (countable and uncountable, plural BLKs)

B lymphocyte kinase
B lymphocyte kinase#English

(genetics) Alternative form of Blk; A gene that encodes for the enzyme B lymphocyte kinase.


midparent

(genetics) The average phenotype of two parents.


NAAT

(genetics) Initialism of nucleic acid amplification test.


complementary DNA

reverse transcriptase
reverse transcriptase

(genetics) DNA produced from a single-stranded RNA template in a reaction catalyzed by the enzyme reverse transcriptase.


ytvA

Bacillus subtilis
Bacillus subtilis#Translingual

(bacteriology, genetics) A gene in Bacillus subtilis that codes for a blue light photoreceptor protein (YtvA).


adenosinic

adenosinic agonist

adenosinic receptor

Ferendelli remarked 206 that CAMP may be responsible for the inhibitory action of adenosinic and biogenic amines.

1990 September 25, Hendrik Keyzer, George M. Eckert, Felix Gutmann, Electropharmacology, CRC Press, →ISBN, page 361:

All the drugs were administered at a volume of 1 mL kg ! , completely dissolved and diluted in 0.9 % NaCl ( w / v ) ( saline ), with the exception of capsaicin and the adenosinic agonists.

1996, Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology:

Caffeine blocks adenosinic receptors, which also reduces[…]

2021 January 2, John D. Preston, John H. O'Neal, Mary C. Talaga, Bret A. Moore, Handbook of Clinical Psychopharmacology for Therapists, New Harbinger Publications, →ISBN:

(biochemistry, organic chemistry, genetics) Of, relating to, or containing adenosine.


DArT

Diversity arrays technology
w:Diversity arrays technology

(genetics) Acronym of Diversity arrays technology (“a genetic marker technique”).


HAQER

Coordinate term: HAR

(genetics, evolutionary theory) Acronym of human ancestor quickly evolved region.


nompC

Initialism of No mechanoreceptor potential C

Drosophila melanogaster
Drosophila melanogaster#Translingual

(genetics, entomology) A gene coding for a mechanosensitive ion channel protein in Drosophila melanogaster.


IHH

(genetics) Initialism of Indian hedgehog.


phenocopic

(genetics) Of or relating to a phenocopy.


VNTR

We estimated that the following percentage of elements were correctly assembled: 95.4% of alpha satellites; 91.5% of human satellites 2 and 3; 97.7% of segmental duplications (SDs); 94.3% of variable number tandem repeats (VNTRs); 94.2% of short tandem repeats (STRs); and 98.8% of all human repeats²⁶.

variable number tandem repeat
w:variable number tandem repeat

(genetics) Initialism of variable number tandem repeat.


genomicization

From genomicize + -ation or genomic + -ization.

In this book we ask how BOLI, as a partial ‘genomicization’ of the taxonomic discipline, has intensified and scaled up the distribution of practices, between field, lab and database?

2016 [2013], “Introduction”, in Claire Waterton, Rebecca Ellis, Brian Wynne, Barcoding Nature: Shifting Cultures of Taxonomy in an Age of Biodiversity Loss, London: Routledge, →ISBN, page 9:

(genetics) The act or process of genomicizing.


genomicize

en-verb

genomicize (third-person singular simple present genomicizes, present participle genomicizing, simple past and past participle genomicized)

genomicizes (present singular third-person)
genomicizing (participle present)
genomicized (participle past)
genomicized (past)

We are far from understanding how organisms with small genomes function, let alone how the human genome is organized. As more and more scientific disciplines get “genomicized”, the field will undergo continual transformation, thus a book like this one can only capture a flavor and a moment in time.

2002, Christoph W. Sensen, “Introduction”, in Christoph W. Sensen, editor, Essentials of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, →ISBN, page 2:

A plan to ‘genomicize’ epigenomics research and pave the way for breakthroughs in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of human disease.

2008 August 7, The American Association for Cancer Research Human Epigenome Task Force, European Union, Network of Excellence, Scientific Advisory Board, “Moving AHEAD with an international human epigenome project”, in Nature, volume 454, →DOI, page 711:

(transitive, genetics) To make genomic; to apply to the field of genomics.


shibire

Translingual: shi

From Japanese しびれ (shibire, “numbness, paralyzed”). Coined by Japanese-Canadian geneticist and zoologist David Suzuki, its discoverer. Originally discovered in its temperature sensitive form, shibire(ts), which caused the afflicted flies to drop from the sky on a temperature change, appearing to be a gene causing paralysis. Suzuki, referencing his Japanese heritage, chose a Japanese term for being paralyzed as the gene's name.

coin

(genetics) A gene found in Drosophila, its homolog of the dynamin gene.


eQTL

expression quantitative trait locus
w:expression quantitative trait locus

(genetics) Initialism of expression quantitative trait locus.


LDSC

w:linkage disequilibrium score regression

(genetics) Initialism of linkage disequilibrium score regression.


iDNA

Such iDNAs are flanked by common 10–20 bases long → primer sequences (F [forward] and R [reverse] primers for amplification in a conventional → polymerase chain reaction) […]

2015, Günter Kahl, The Dictionary of Genomics, Transcriptomics and Proteomics, volume 1, John Wiley & Sons, →ISBN, page 1074:

(genetics) Initialism of information DNA.


direct repeat

(biology, genetics) A type of genetic sequence that consists of two or more repeats of a specific sequence.


maternity test

(law, genetics) A test designed to determine the biological relationship between an alleged mother and a child.


cloverleaf model

en-noun

cloverleaf model (plural cloverleaf models)

(genetics) A model that depicts the molecular structure of tRNA, showing how its chain consists of two "business ends" and three arms.


loric

Coined in 1985 by P. F. Little from the initials of "lambda-origin cosmid".

We describe the construction and use of a cosmid vector, loric, which is derived from the phage lambda origin of replication and appears to be more stable than ColE1-derived cosmids. Loric recombinants can be efficiently packaged in vivo to yield 100-300 micrograms of DNA per liter that is linear and has single-stranded cos ends.

1985 May, P F Little and S H Cross, “A cosmid vector that facilitates restriction enzyme mapping.”, in PNAS, volume 82, number 10, page 3159:

The cosmid vector loric ( 'lambda-origin cosmid' ) is designed to allow rapid mapping of restriction sites in cloned DNAs and thus to facilitate analyses of large regions of chromosomes.

1985, P. H. Pouwels, Cloning Vectors: A Laboratory Manual, page 6:

In order to improve the stability of the recombinant cosmid and increase DNA yield, the ColE replicon was replaced with the lambda phage replicon (Little and Cross, 1985) creating the loric (or 'lambda-origin cosmid') vector.

2005, Anatoly Ruvinsky, Jennifer A. Marshall Graves, Mammalian Genomics, page 69:

(genetics) A cosmid vector derived from the lambda phage replicon.


S/MAR

scaffold/matrix attachment region
w:scaffold/matrix attachment region

(genetics) Initialism of scaffold/matrix attachment region.


nonacrocentric

en-adj

nonacrocentric (comparative more nonacrocentric, superlative most nonacrocentric)

more nonacrocentric (comparative)
most nonacrocentric (superlative)

The derivative that is lacking is formed by the complete acrocentric short arm and the proximal long arm segment and perhaps a terminal segment from the nonacrocentric chromosome.

1988, Art Daniel, The Cytogenetics of Mammalian Autosomal Rearrangements, page 56:

In other words, acrocentric-derived sSMC tend to be transmitted more easily from one generation to the next than nonacrocentric ones; the first can apparently survive male and female meiosis more easily, whereas nonacrocentric ones seem to face more problems there.

2011, Thomas Liehr, Small Supernumerary Marker Chromosomes (sSMC), page 17:

Gabriel-Robez et al. have shown a ratio of 1:4 for translocations with an acrocentric present, compared with nonacrocentric translocations in fertile males.

2020, Christopher Bob Gillies, Fertility and Chromosome Pairing, page 22:

(genetics, of a chromosome) Having the centromere near the middle, and thus having roughly equal-sized arms.


W chromosome

Coordinate term: Z chromosome

(genetics) The smaller chromosome that has fewer genes, in the ZW system.


Z chromosome

Coordinate term: W chromosome

(genetics) The larger chromosome that has more genes, in the ZW system.


antirepair

an antirepair pathway

an antirepair effect

The increased levels of mature miRNAs could play a role in the DNA damage response by (1) decreasing the levels of antirepair genes (such as the antirecombinases, Srs2, PARI, RTEL1 [122]) (2) downregulating DDR proteins through a feedback regulation loop to restore pre-DNA damage levels.

2017, Alexey Moskalev, Alexander Vaiserman, Epigenetics of Aging and Longevity, page 174:

(genetics) Inhibiting the repair of damaged DNA.


PCNA

proliferating cell nuclear antigen
w:proliferating cell nuclear antigen

(genetics) Initialism of proliferating cell nuclear antigen.


RNA interference

(genetics) A biological process in which RNA molecules are involved in sequence-specific suppression of gene expression by double-stranded RNA, through translational or transcriptional repression.


triple-stranded

(genetics) That have three helical strands of nucleic acid that wind around each other and are connected by hydrogen bonds.


maternal effect

en-noun

maternal effect (plural maternal effects)

(evolutionary theory, genetics) A situation where the phenotype of an organism is determined not only by the environment it experiences and its genotype, but also by the environment and genotype of its mother.


Wahlund effect

Named after Swedish geneticist Sten Wahlund who described the effect in 1928.

(genetics) A reduction of heterozygosity in a population caused by subpopulation structure.


TTN

(genetics) The gene that encodes for the protein titin.


semi-palindrome

From the prefix "semi-" meaning "half" and "palindrome," indicating a partial or variant form of a palindrome.

(genetics) A sequence of DNA that can be superimposed with its reverse complement.


dysgenetics

(medicine, genetics) A theory linking the induction of persistent delayed genomic instability with disturbed cellular aging.


dysgenesic

en-adj

dysgenesic (comparative more dysgenesic, superlative most dysgenesic)

more dysgenesic (comparative)
most dysgenesic (superlative)

(genetics) Of, pertaining to, or causing dysgenesis.


concatenation tree

en-noun

concatenation tree (plural concatenation trees)

Martin and colleagues recently reported a lack of correspondence between individual protein trees and the concatenation tree in several datasets of archaeal and bacterial proteins (Thiergart et al., 2014).

2016, Sonja-Verena Albers, Mecky Pohlschroder, Archaeal Cell Envelope and Surface Structures, page 42:

For example, in the analyses of the full CDS data, the coalescent tree supports a Neohymenopogon + Mouretia clade (Supplementary Figure 1), and the concatenation tree was inconclusive (i.e., support values were below 95%) for several relationships (Supplementary Figure 2) and inconsistent with the coalescent tree.

2023, Olle Thureborn, Sylvain G. Razafimandimbison, Niklas Wikström, Catarina Rydin, “Target capture data resolve recalcitrant relationships in the coffee family (Rubioideae, Rubiaceae)”, in Stefan Wanke, Susann Wicke, editor, Phylogenomic Discordance in Plant Systematics, page 227:

Similarly, in the genome sequency analysis of C. salicifolius, Lv et al. (2020) constructed an amino acid sequence-based concatenation tree of 103 single-copy gene sets and coalescent tree of 1,420 low-copy gene sets from 17 species, all of which support that magnoliids are sister plants to eudicots.

2024, Yunpeng Cao, Hui Song, Muhammad Abdullah, Multi-omics and Computational Biology in Horticultural Plants, page 63:

(genetics) A phylogenetic tree constructed from concatenated alignments.


tree-maker

Alfred S. Romer, a paleontologist at Harvard, was one of the great tree makers of the midcentury, and his reached a broad audience of young scientists-in-training through his influential textbooks, most notably Vertebrate Paleontology.

2019, David Quammen, The Tangled Tree: A Radical New History of Life, page 186:

(biology, genetics, genealogy) One who makes or constructs a tree, i.e., a branching diagram or a family tree.


muta-

From mutation, itself from Latin mūtātiō, by analogy with other Graeco-Latin prefixes.

(genetics, linguistics) Relating to mutation.


pseudosite

(genetics) An incorrect binding site that resembles the desired one.


F2 hybrid

(genetics) A cross between two F1 hybrids.