autopolyploidization

autopolyploidization (countable and uncountable, plural autopolyploidizations)

The proposed hypotheses to explain the evolutionary history of this most widespread Anthoxanthum species include autopolyploidization of A.

2015 July 25, “Evolutionary and Taxonomic Implications of Variation in Nuclear Genome Size: Lesson from the Grass Genus Anthoxanthum (Poaceae)”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(genetics) The process or the result of becoming autopolyploid


eigenarray

1999, O. Alter et al., ‘‘Singular Value Decomposition for Gene Expression Data Processing and Modeling.’’ In: After the Genome V (December 6–10, 1999, Jackson Hole, WY).
We describe the use of singular value decomposition in transforming gene expression data from genes/arrays space to ‘‘eigengenes’’/‘‘eigenarrays’’ space, where the eigengenes and eigenarrays are unique orthonormal superpositions of the genes and arrays, respectively.

2000, O. Alter et al., ‘‘Singular value decomposition for genome-wide expression data processing and modeling,’’ Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97 (18), pp. 10101–10106. doi:10.1073/pnas.97.18.10101.
After normalization and sorting, the significant eigengenes and eigenarrays can be associated with observed genome-wide effects of regulators, or with measured samples, in which these regulators are overactive or underactive, respectively.

2002, T. O. Nielsen et al., ‘‘Molecular Characterisation of Soft Tissue Tumours: a Gene Expression Study,’’ Lancet 359 (9314), pp. 1301–1307. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(02)08270-3.
The separation of the calponin-positive leiomyosarcoma subgroup from the calponin-negative tumours was dominant, and resulted in an important eigengene and corresponding eigenarray.

2006, C. M. Li and R. R. Klevecz, ‘‘A rapid genome-scale response of the transcriptional oscillator to perturbation reveals a period-doubling path to phenotypic change,’’ Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 103 (44), pp. 16254–16259. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0604860103.
A reconstruction of the attractor can be seen in the plot of the principal eigengenes 2, 3, and 4.

2008, A. Y. Gracey et al., ‘‘Rhythms of Gene Expression in a Fluctuating Intertidal Environment,’’ Curr. Biol. 18 (19), pp. 1501-1507. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2008.08.049.
Significantly correlated with the first eigengene were GO terms that we classified as being broadly associated with ‘‘metabolism’’ because this cluster was enriched for genes involved in the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA), the electron transport chain, metabolism, ATP synthesis, and protein degradation.

2012, M. J. Hawrylycz et al., ‘‘An anatomically comprehensive atlas of the adult human brain transcriptome,’’ Nature 489 (7416), pp. 391–399. doi: 10.1038/nature11405.
Each module is represented by an ‘eigengene’ corresponding to its expression pattern across structures (first left singular vector of the gene × structure matrix), and genes highly correlated with the module eigengene are called ‘hub’ genes.

2013, J. L. Padilla-Gamiño et al., ‘‘Temperature and CO₂ additively regulate physiology, morphology and genomic responses of larval sea urchins, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus’’ Proc. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci. 280 (1759), article 20130155. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2013.0155.
Our gene expression data also indicate that the cystoskeleton is sensitive to shifts in temperature and pCO₂: genes encoding fundamental components of the cellular cytoskeleton such as actin and alpha and beta tubulins were upregulated under elevated temperature, but downregulated under elevated pCO₂ (eigengene 1).

2014, J. M. Tennessen et al., ‘‘Coordinated metabolic transitions during Drosophila embryogenesis and the onset of aerobic glycolysis’’ G3:Genes|Genomes|Genetics 4 (5), pp. 839–850. doi: 10.1534/g3.114.010652.
The second most significant pattern identified by SVD corresponds to broad upregulation of gene expression midway through embryogenesis and is strikingly similar to the coordinate induction of glycolytic genes that defines the embryonic metabolic transition (EmbMT) (eigengene pattern 2).

2020, O. Alter, ‘‘Discovering Genome-Scale Predictors of Survival and Response to Treatment with Multi-Tensor Decompositions’’ 2020 American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) Virtual Annual Meeting II (June 22–24, 2020); YouTube video.
The SVD finds for us patterns that look like genes, which is the eigengene concept which we invented.

(genetics) (mathematics) One of a set of left singular vectors of a genes x samples matrix that tabulates, e.g., the mRNA or gene expression of the genes across the samples, where the samples were assayed by using DNA microarrays. The corresponding right singular vector is the corresponding eigengene.


fosmidial

The fosmidial DNA of the P117.

2015 July 28, “Est16, a New Esterase Isolated from a Metagenomic Library of a Microbial Consortium Specializing in Diesel Oil Degradation”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


interhomolog

8 A unified mechanism for the generation of mutations underlying oncogenesis and tumor progression based on defective DNA-damage response and the resultant prevalence of double-strand break (DSB) repair by interhomolog recombination (IHR) All supporting data are included as additional files.

2015 July 25, Yogesh Kumar et al., “Massive interstitial copy-neutral loss-of-heterozygosity as evidence for cancer being a disease of the DNA-damage response”, in BMC Medical Genomics, volume 8, →DOI:


hyperexpression

Since IL-10 and deficient co-stimulatory molecule expression appear to be a novel mechanism of self-tolerance employed by the pre-naïve B cells, a defect in pre-naïve B-cell functions could lead to a break in self-tolerance, especially in the SLE milieu, where expansion of the pre-naïve B cells has been found [ 3, 4 ], and the immune system is intensely activated as evidenced by elevated B cell-activating factor (BAFF) levels, hyperexpression of CD40L on T cells, and/or increased levels of certain cytokines such as IL-21 [ 50 – 53 ].

2015 July 25, Ji Hyun Sim et al., “Autoregulatory function of interleukin-10-producing pre-naïve B cells is defective in systemic lupus erythematosus”, in Arthritis Research & Therapy, volume 17, →DOI:


deletant

The resulting vector containing the SnTox1-Bar knockout construct was PCR-amplified with 5_Tox1Fbar and 3_Tox1Fbar for transformation in toxa3 -10 to result in SnToxA, SnTox1, and SnTox3 deletant mutants.

2015 July 8, Kar-Chun Tan et al., “Functional redundancy of necrotrophic effectors – consequences for exploitation for breeding”, in Frontiers in Plant Science, volume 6, →DOI:

(genetics) A mutant caused by the deletion of a gene


digestome

Shao et al. [ 54 ] have screened the caspase-1 digestome to identify caspase target proteins.

2008 September 13, Antero Salminen et al., “Amyloid-β oligomers set fire to inflammasomes and induce Alzheimer's pathology”, in Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, volume 12, →DOI:

(genetics, biochemistry) All the genes (and derived proteins) that relate to digestion (especially of complex carbohydrates)


protospacer

Genomic DNA was extracted from parental and mutant cell lines and used as the template to amplify fragments of 200 to 1,500 bp containing the protospacer regions chosen for Cas9 targeting of the TcPFR1, TcPFR2, and TcGP72 genes.

2015 July 21, Noelia Lander et al., “CRISPR/Cas9-Induced Disruption of Paraflagellar Rod Protein 1 and 2 Genes in Trypanosoma cruzi Reveals Their Role in Flagellar Attachment”, in mBio, volume 6, →DOI:


multitranscript

Indeed, 29% of protein-coding genes have been shown to exhibit significant sex-biased expression in Drosophila, and up to 20% of Drosophila multitranscript genes display sex-biased expression of alternative transcripts.

2015 August 28, “Drosophila Hrp48 Is Required for Mushroom Body Axon Growth, Branching and Guidance”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(genetics) Relating to more than one transcript.


coamplify

en-verb

coamplify (third-person singular simple present coamplifies, present participle coamplifying, simple past and past participle coamplified)

coamplifies (present singular third-person)
coamplifying (participle present)
coamplified (participle past)
coamplified (past)

(genetics) (of the gene) to amplify together with another gene, or to amplify in multiple ways


piwi

Short for P-element induced wimpy testis in Drosophila.

However, piwi and tudor-domain containing genes are absent from flukes and tapeworms and no true vasa orthologue has been identified in schistosomes.

2015 August 25, David Roquis et al., “The Epigenome of Schistosoma mansoni Provides Insight about How Cercariae Poise Transcription until Infection”, in PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, volume 9, →DOI:

(genetics, attributive) A class of genes originally identified as encoding regulatory proteins responsible for maintaining incomplete differentiation in stem cells and maintaining the stability of cell division rates in germline cells.


autotetraploid

In this study, post-germination growth, which occurs entirely by cell elongation, was examined in diploid and autotetraploid hypocotyls of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.)

2015 August 6, “Stimulation of Cell Elongation by Tetraploidy in Hypocotyls of Dark-Grown Arabidopsis Seedlings”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(genetics) tetraploid because of the doubling of an ancestral chromosome


subread

An in-house Perl script was used to calculate the distribution of subread lengths and identify the range of lengths that would give a coverage around 10.

2015 August 7, “Genome Sequence of Bacillus endophyticus and Analysis of Its Companion Mechanism in the Ketogulonigenium vulgare-Bacillus Strain Consortium”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(genetics) A subset of a read (sequence of DNA generated by sequencing)


paired-end tag

(genetics) Any of the short sequences, at the 5’ and 3’ ends of a DNA fragment, that are sufficiently unique (theoretically) so as to exist together only once in a genome, therefore making the sequence of the DNA in between them available upon search.


autorepression

An incomplete PadR motif is located in the p/o of lmrR, this palindromic sequence is only weakly recognized by LmrR. A proposed mechanism for the binding of LmrR to the p/o regions and the regulation of lmrCD and lmrR is as followed: the binding of two LmrR dimers to PlmrCD, together with an extensive binding of PlmrR by multiple LmrR dimers, results in a repression of lmrCD and a strong autorepression of lmrR.

2015 August 13, “Binding of the Lactococcal Drug Dependent Transcriptional Regulator LmrR to Its Ligands and Responsive Promoter Regions”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(genetics, biochemistry) repression of the expression of a protein by the protein itself


paradiploid

While we find a “diploid” peak in DNA content in the MTF populations, it seems more appropriate to term it “paradiploid”, since it is known that polyploid tumor cells elicit paradiploid progeny through depolyploidizing divisions and regulated autophagic degradation [106 ].

2015 August 13, “Macrophage-Tumor Cell Fusions from Peripheral Blood of Melanoma Patients”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(genetics) Less than polyploid and greater than diploid


autoregulator

LmrR was shown to be a transcriptional repressor of lmrCD expression and an autoregulator of its own expression.

(genetics, biochemistry) Any protein that regulates its own expression


CRISPR

en-noun

CRISPR (countable and uncountable, plural CRISPRs)

Acronym of clustered, regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats.

For the first time, doctors in the U.S. have used the powerful gene-editing technique CRISPR to try to treat a patient with a genetic disorder.

2019 July 29, Rob Stein, “In A 1st, Doctors In U.S. Use CRISPR Tool To Treat Patient With Genetic Disorder”, in npr:

(genetics) The CRISPR/Cas9 system, which functions to provide immunity to bacteria and archaea by finding a section of DNA and replacing it with an alternative.


transrepressor

(genetics) A transfected genetic repressor.


orthoselection

From ortho- + selection, originally coined by Ludwig Plate in 1913.

Therefore, there is evidence that orthoselection (sensu White, 1973) takes place in a karyotypic format in some lineages and particular formats in others, and could be associated with specific adaptive values that have obvious evolutionary connotations.

"Chromosomal Changes and Stasis in Marine Fish Groups" in Fish Cytogenetics, Wagner Franco Molina, p. 83

(genetics) The acquisition of a common series of rearrangements within a genetic lineage.


microindel

Indel and microindel start and stop coordinates were used as the genomic coordinates of the mutation and all bases that fell within these coordinates were ignored for downstream analysis.

2015 August 27, “Increasing Nucleosome Occupancy Is Correlated with an Increasing Mutation Rate so Long as DNA Repair Machinery Is Intact”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(genetics) A very short indel (less than 50 bases)


genomospecies

This operon is present in only a limited number of strains belonging to genomospecies 1, and it has been acquired once during evolution by horizontal transfer.

2015 August 28, “Bioinformatics Analysis of the Complete Genome Sequence of the Mango Tree Pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae UMAF0158 Reveals Traits Relevant to Virulence and Epiphytic Lifestyle”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biology, genetics) A species characterised by its DNA alone


slippery sequence

slippery sequence (plural slippery sequences)

(genetics) A small section of codon nucleotide sequences that controls the rate of ribosomal frameshifting.


transfrag

A single consensus transfrag covers the entire TRα1 coding sequence (exons 2–9), and two non-overlapping transfrags cover all but 25 nt of the Rev-erbα coding sequence (exons 1–8).

2015 September 15, “Evolution of the Antisense Overlap between Genes for Thyroid Hormone Receptor and Rev-erbα and Characterization of an Exonic G-Rich Element That Regulates Splicing of TRα2 mRNA”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(genetics) A transcribed fragment (of DNA)


pseudodominance

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-pseudodominance.wav

(genetics) The situation in which the inheritance of a recessive trait mimics a dominant pattern.


subconsomic

To narrow down the region that contains the genetic loci involved in the aggression-eliciting effects on Chr 15, we established a panel of subconsomic strains of MSM Chr 15.

2015 September 22, “Mapping of Genetic Factors That Elicit Intermale Aggressive Behavior on Mouse Chromosome 15: Intruder Effects and the Complex Genetic Basis”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(genetics, of strains) congenic and without chromosome substitution


aneusomaty

Environmental stress-induced inter and intra individual variability in chromosome number, aneuploidy and aneusomaty were early found in D.

2015 September 23, “Molecular Cytogenetic Analysis of Deschampsia antarctica Desv. (Poaceae), Maritime Antarctic”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(genetics) Chromosome variation within an individual organism.


polygenically

(genetics, mathematics) In a polygenic manner.


dodecaploid

(genetics) Having twelve complete sets of chromosomes in a single cell.


intercodon

Both have (i) slippery sequences (SS) of the form X XXY YYZ (U UUU UUA for HIV-1 and G GGA AAC for PEG10), (ii) different intercodons [26 ] (GGG and UCC respectively), (iii) distinct secondary structures (SStr) (extended stem-loop for HIV-1 and pseudoknot for PEG10), and (iv) the SStr start is within the intercodon in HIV-1, whereas it is two nucleotides downstream of the intercodon in PEG10. […] The different slippery sequences, intercodons, and downstream secondary structures facilitated a frameshift efficiency that was ~2.5-fold higher for PEG10 than for HIV-1 (Fig 1 ).

2015 October 9, “HIV-1 and Human PEG10 Frameshift Elements Are Functionally Distinct and Distinguished by Novel Small Molecule Modulators”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(genetics) The sequence of nucleic acid between specific codons


heptanucleotide

Van Belkum et al. report one example of a heptanucleotide 5’-GTGATTA-3’ in Helicobacter pylori.

2015 December 23, “Investigation of a Quadruplex-Forming Repeat Sequence Highly Enriched in Xanthomonas and Nostoc sp.”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(genetics) A codon containing seven nucleotides.


semiconservatively

(genetics) In a semiconservative fashion.


uncongressed

Analysing the presence of uncongressed chromosomes in metaphase cells showed a dose dependent increase in cells with congression defects following splitomicin and glipizide treatment […]

2015 October 10, “A Semi-Supervised Approach for Refining Transcriptional Signatures of Drug Response and Repositioning Predictions”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


nonexpresser

Recently, the receptors for SA were identified in Arabidopsis thaliana and named as nonexpresser of PR genes (NPR) 3 and 4 [5 ].

2015 October 15, “Plant Hormone Salicylic Acid Produced by a Malaria Parasite Controls Host Immunity and Cerebral Malaria Outcome”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(genetics) Something that does not express genes


homopurine

In DNA homopyrimidine 2 homopurine triplexes [64 ], the homopyrimidine strands are antiparallel.

2015 October 16, “Polyanionic Carboxyethyl Peptide Nucleic Acids ( ce -PNAs): Synthesis and DNA Binding”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(genetics) Describing a pairing of a purine with the same one on a neighboring strand of nucleic acid


homothymine

Additionally, this work presents the first synthesis of a homothymine polyanionic PNA α-oligomer ( 3 ).

(genetics) A homopyrimidine pairing in which the base is thymine


homopyrimidine

In a recent paper on homopyrimidine decamers containing aeg-monomers and thymine monomers with a sulfomethyl substituent at the γ-position, similar triplexes has also been described [43 ].

(genetics) Describing a pairing of a pyrimidine with the same one on a neighboring strand of nucleic acid


exonal

Since the average gene has a mean of 8.8 exons each a mean of 145 base pairs (bp) long, the average gene has a mean exonal sequence length of ~1,300 bp [40 ].

2015 October 17, “Analytical and Clinical Validation of a Digital Sequencing Panel for Quantitative, Highly Accurate Evaluation of Cell-Free Circulating Tumor DNA”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


homogenic

(genetics) (of a gamete or a population) Having only one allele of a gene or genes.


hypercondensation

hypercondensation (countable and uncountable, plural hypercondensations)

In addition, PNAP - 6h decreased CDK1 and cyclin B1 expression, most likely leading to G 2 /M arrest, and induced morphological changes, such as nuclear shrinkage, nuclear fragmentation, and nuclear hypercondensation, as observed by Hoechst 33342 staining.

2015 October 23, “Structure-Activity Relationship of Synthetic 2-Phenylnaphthalenes with Hydroxyl Groups that Inhibit Proliferation and Induce Apoptosis of MCF-7 Cancer Cells”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(genetics) The severe compaction of chromosomes


monoclonated

Assays to detect antibody response to adult filarial antigen were performed using biotinylated monoclonated antibodies (Zymed Laboratories, San Francisco, CA) specific for IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4.

2015 October 23, “Changes in Antibody Levels during and following an Episode of Acute Adenolymphangitis (ADL) among Lymphedema Patients in Léogâne, Haiti”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


dysomy

In humans, loss of imprinting or uniparental dysomy of imprinted genes contributes to diseases such as Prader-Willi, Angelman, and Beckwith-Wiedemann syndromes, all of which present cognitive dysfunctions.

2015 October 24, “Insulin Like Growth Factor 2 Expression in the Rat Brain Both in Basal Condition and following Learning Predominantly Derives from the Maternal Allele”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(genetics) The inheritance of a pair of non-identical chromosomes


gametologue

Both types of sequence could potentially be exploited for the generation of sex markers because the male and female copies of gametologues are significantly different at the sequence level and markers designed from gametologue sequences have been successfully used to discriminate between sexes in different Ectocarpus species.

2015 October 24, “Development of PCR‐Based Markers to Determine the Sex of Kelps”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(genetics) A gene that is homologous to one on a sex chromosome.


expressor

(genetics) Alternative form of expresser


prenucleosomal

Since the three histone-fold domain amino acids are located at the surface of the α-helix 2 domain that is responsible for the formation of H3-H4 dimers and accessible in prenucleosomal complexes, it has been suggested that the specificity associated with these amino acid positions derives from interactions with different assembly or post-translational-modification machineries.

2015 October 28, “Comparing the Assembly and Handedness Dynamics of (H3.3-H4) 2 Tetrasomes to Canonical Tetrasomes”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(genetics) Prior to the formation of nucleosomes; relating to prenucleosomes


tetrasome

During chromatin assembly, the (H3-H4) 2 tetramer binds first, forming a tetrasome that likely constitutes an important intermediate during ongoing transcription.

(genetics) A complex of four homologous chromosomes formed during meiosis


semidominant

incomplete dominance
incomplete dominance

(genetics) Exhibiting incomplete dominance.


incomplete dominance

The snapdragon flower colour is either homozygous for red or white. When the red homozygous flower is paired with the white homozygous flower, the result yields a pink snapdragon flower; this is the result of incomplete dominance.

(genetics) The situation where the phenotype of the heterozygous phenotype is distinct from and often intermediate to the phenotypes of the homozygous phenotypes.


superrepressor

For this end, we crossed IKK MyHC animals with animals expressing a mutated form of IκBα -(IκBα (S32A, S36A, Y42F) ), which is impervious to phosphorylation-induced degradation and thus acts as a superrepressor of NF-κB signaling[11 ].

2015 November 6, “Cardiac-Specific Activation of IKK2 Leads to Defects in Heart Development and Embryonic Lethality”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(genetics) A particularly effective repressor


decanucleotide

(genetics) A codon containing ten nucleotides.


nonanucleotide

(genetics) A codon containing nine nucleotides.


octanucleotide

(genetics) A codon containing eight nucleotides.


segregation distorter

segregation distorter (plural segregation distorters)

(genetics) A gene that distorts in its own favour the theoretically equal probability of either of two parental alleles being present in the mature gamete.


minivector

Temperature induced, in vivo expression of Tel protelomerases and their subsequent enzymatic activity, for excision and resolution of covalently closed terminal ends, result in the conversion of parental CCC pDNA into two smaller species: 1) a LCC backbone DNA carrying the unnecessary prokaryotic backbone, and 2) a LCC DNA minivector referred to as DNA ministrings.

2015 November 13, “Physical Characterization of Gemini Surfactant-Based Synthetic Vectors for the Delivery of Linear Covalently Closed (LCC) DNA Ministrings”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


heterochiasmy

(genetics) The differential recombination rates between the sexes of a species


endodomain

More than half of the residue pairs, 44 out of 76, are located in the endodomain of gp41 with 7 pairs coevolving between residues located in the highly immunogenic region, known as the Kennedy epitope.

2015 November 19, “Coevolution Analysis of HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein Complex”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(genetics, biology) An internal, or an end domain of a gene or other structure


TE

transposable element
transposable element#English

(genetics) Initialism of transposable element.


haplosufficiency

This group of intragenic revertant mutations was also tested for haplosufficiency by crossing homozygous gon-2(q388sup) hermaphrodites with gon-2(q388) males at restrictive temperature and scoring the offspring.

2015 November 26, “Novel Alleles of gon-2, a C . elegans Ortholog of Mammalian TRPM6 and TRPM7, Obtained by Genetic Reversion Screens”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(genetics) The state of being haplosufficient.


homeotypic

To recapitulate the features of solid tumours in vitro requires cell based assays that simultaneously mimic the extracellular matrix and tumour microenvironment, homeotypic and heterotypic cell-cell contacts, and allow the formation of relevant cell-matrix interactions.

2015 December 3, “Segmentation of Image Data from Complex Organotypic 3D Models of Cancer Tissues with Markov Random Fields”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(genetics) Relating to the second nuclear division in meiosis


sex-limited

(biology, genetics) Occurring, or active, in only one sex.


homeological

In order to extend our knowledge of the homeological relationships between Akodontini and Oryzomyini species, we analyzed the species Akodon montensis (2n = 24) and Thaptomys nigrita (2n = 52) both from the tribe Akodontini, with chromosome probes of Hylaeamys megacephalus (2n = 54) of the tribe Oryzomyini.

2015 December 8, “Clues on Syntenic Relationship among Some Species of Oryzomyini and Akodontini Tribes (Rodentia: Sigmodontinae)”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


monotelic

Because pole-proximal misaligned chromosomes are expected to possess syntelic or monotelic attachments, the inter-kinetochore tension of these sister chromatids would be weakened during formation of the mitotic spindle.

2015 December 10, “A Novel Time-Dependent CENP-E Inhibitor with Potent Antitumor Activity”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(genetics) Connected to the spindle through only one kinetochore


cisgene

(genetics) Any gene that is transmitted using cisgenesis


alloproliferation

As shown in Fig 7C and 7D, TA1 resulted in the dose dependent inhibition of alloproliferation of both human CD4 + and CD8 + PBMC in a MLR. Indeed, relative to etanercept, TA1 demonstrated a significantly improved anti-proliferative effect on cytotoxic CD8 + T cells.

2015 December 17, “Inhibition of Autoimmune Diabetes in NOD Mice by miRNA Therapy”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


allotetraploidization

Alternative scenarios for allotetraploidization involving more than one allopolyploidization event in Xenopus are discussed in Supplementary Information of Bewick et al.

2015 December 17, “Genetics, Morphology, Advertisement Calls, and Historical Records Distinguish Six New Polyploid Species of African Clawed Frog ( Xenopus, Pipidae) from West and Central Africa”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(genetics) allogeneic tetraploidization; modification to become allotetraploid


decaploid

Furthermore, DArT has been applied successfully to species with large genomes such as barley [2 ] and with complex or/and polyploid genomes such as the decaploid sugarcane [3 ], hexaploid wheat and oat [4 ,5 ] or the paleoploid apple [6 ].

2015 December 17, “Diversity Arrays Technology (DArT) Marker Platforms for Diversity Analysis and Linkage Mapping in a Complex Crop, the Octoploid Cultivated Strawberry ( Fragaria × ananassa )”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(genetics) having ten complete sets of chromosomes in a single cell


dodecaploidization

dodecaploidization (usually uncountable, plural dodecaploidizations)

Using this approach, a recent study that included genetic data from four of the new species described here proposed that tetraploidization occurred at least once in subgenus Silurana and once in subgenus Xenopus, octoploidization occurred at least three times in subgenus Xenopus, and that dodecaploidization occurred at least three times in subgenus Xenopus.

(genetics) The process of becoming dodecaploid.


paleoploid

(genetics) Having the ploidy that the organism had in the distant past


octoploidization

Using this approach, a recent study that included genetic data from four of the new species described here proposed that tetraploidization occurred at least once in subgenus Silurana and once in subgenus Xenopus, octoploidization occurred at least three times in subgenus Xenopus, and that dodecaploidization occurred at least three times in subgenus Xenopus [21 ].

(genetics) Modification to become octoploid


subhaplotype

In addition, eight subhaplotypes were combined within three SNPs in TOMM40, and the only subhaplotype G-T-C (rs157581-rs11556505-rs1160985) was significantly susceptible to LOAD risk.

2015 December 18, “Polygenic Analysis of Late-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease from Mainland China”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


biobrick

During amplification, the internal EcoRI restriction site in merA was mutated in order to create a mer cassette compatible with the biobrick cloning system and the vector pBBRBB (see Materials and Methods ) [27 ].

2016 January 14, “Toward Bioremediation of Methylmercury Using Silica Encapsulated Escherichia coli Harboring the mer Operon”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(genetics) A length of DNA sequence used, with others, to build synthetic biological circuits


hypotetraploid

Furthermore, a hypotetraploid side-line contained duplicate copies of the stemline abnormalities, and small second sideline of two cells contained an interstitial deletion of the long arm of chromosome 2, as well as the stemline aberrations.

2016 January 14, “L1 Cell Adhesion Molecule-Specific Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Redirected Human T Cells Exhibit Specific and Efficient Antitumor Activity against Human Ovarian Cancer in Mice”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(genetics) having fewer than four times the haploid number of chromosomes in a cell nucleus


regenotyping

The regenotyping and SNaPshot results were in complete accordance with original results.

2016 January 15, “Association of Ulcerative Colitis with FUT2 and FUT3 Polymorphisms in Patients from Southeast China”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(genetics) A second or subsequent genotyping.


hypertriploid

HT-29 cell is a colon adenocarcinoma tumor cell line with hypertriploid chromosome, abnormal mitochondria, and a p53 gene mutation [43 ], and therefore may present an abnormal picture of physiological cell death pathways.

2016 January 26, “Mitochondrial Protein PGAM5 Regulates Mitophagic Protection against Cell Necroptosis”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(genetics) Having more than three sets of chromosomes


mesosynteny

(genetics, biology) The sharing of large chromosomal regions with the same genes without preservation of order across species


gene transcription

gene transcription (countable and uncountable, plural gene transcriptions)

(biochemistry, genetics) The copying of DNA segments into RNA, by RNA polymerase, as the first stage of gene expression.


karyogenetic

We also concluded that karyogenetic characters were not as a rule recapitulatory, because they imply a change in the nuclear unit which is transmitted by mitosis to every cell […]

These stand midway between karyogenetic and organismal characters.

1923, Botanical Abstracts, volume 12, page 537:

Some of the dioecious plants such as Trichoeanthes palmata and Cocoinia indica offer a good field for the understanding of the karyogenetic basis for the manifestation of sex.

1976, Aspects of Plant Sciences, page 93:

(genetics) Of or pertaining to karyogenesis; heritable.


pseudofunctionalization

One such selection fate was the pseudofunctionalization of the duplicate [49 ].

2016 March 4, “Characterization of the Fatty Acid Desaturase Genes in Cucumber: Structure, Phylogeny, and Expression Patterns”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(genetics) A deleterious mutation that does not actually add function


genechip

(genetics) A microarray used in analysing genomes.


satellite DNA

(genetics) An array of tandemly repeating, non-coding DNA


hyperpentaploid

T98G is hyperpentaploid.

2015 August 8, Yu-xiao Liu et al., “Exposure to 3G mobile phone signals does not affect the biological features of brain tumor cells”, in BMC Public Health, volume 15, →DOI:

(genetics) Having more than the usual pentaploid number of chromosomes


transposome

Chilamakuri et al. (2014) found that the Nextera kit had increased coverage of high GC content areas as the result of altered bias in the transposome technology used during fragmentation, decreasing its overall uniformity; however, recent changes to the protocol in the new versions may have improved this.

2015 July 2, Amanda Warr et al., “Exome Sequencing: Current and Future Perspectives”, in G3: Genes, volume 5, →DOI:

(genetics) The set of genetic transpositions (or of the transposases and transposons) in an organism.


Vavilovian

It is sufficient to emphasise how strongly the Vavilovian concept, and geographical pattern, of centres of origin constrained research on the beginnings of agriculture in the second half of the twentieth century.

2006, Robert Layton, Stephen Shennan, Peter G. Stone, A Future for Archaeology: The Past in the Present:

(botany, genetics) Of, or related to the scientific discoveries of the Russian and Soviet botanist and geneticist Nikolai Vavilov.


hydroxymethylome

From hydroxy- + methylome or hydroxymethyl + -ome.

Additionally, we performed quantification of 5hmC amount and added functional prediction analysis of identified TET alterations to evaluate the biological impact of these alterations on the hydroxymethylome.

2015 July 15, Theo F. J. Kraus et al., “Genetic Characterization of Ten-Eleven-Translocation Methylcytosine Dioxygenase Alterations in Human Glioma”, in Journal of Cancer, volume 6, →DOI:

(genetics) The set of hydroxymethylation modifications in an organism's genome


trappin

This protein is encoded by a trappin gene family.

2015 March 25, Anna Skoczyńska et al., “New look at the role of progerin in skin aging”, in Przegla̜d Menopauzalny = Menopause Review, volume 14, →DOI:

(biochemistry, genetics) Any of a group of proteins having N-terminus linked to transglutaminase; the associated protein domain


RFX

regulatory factor X
regulatory factor X#English

(genetics, biochemistry) Abbreviation of regulatory factor X. (a gene and protein family)


clustersome

[…] led to identification of the putative replicational machinery which underlies the proposed “clustersome”. […] Consistent with this clustersome model, DNA polymerase alpha, primase and other replicative components have been found associated with isolated nuclear matrix […]

2012, P.-C. Cheng, T.H. Lin, W.L. Wu, Multidimensional Microscopy:


mycogenomics

(biology, genetics) The genomics of fungi


retroposable

(genetics) Able to undergo retroposition


MAG

myelin associated glycoprotein
myelin associated glycoprotein

(genetics) A gene which encodes for myelin associated glycoprotein


dedoubling

(genetics) The removal of segmental duplication in genomes


aneuploidization

(genetics) Modification of an organism such that it becomes aneuploid


LYST

lysosomal trafficking regulator
lysosomal trafficking regulator

Chédiak-Higashi syndrome
Chédiak-Higashi syndrome

(genetics) A gene encoding the vesicular transport protein lysosomal trafficking regulator, which is associated with the Chédiak-Higashi syndrome.


matrix diagram

(genetics) A triangular diagram that shows the pairwise correlation of gene expression in a specific condition


RNA expression profile

RNA expression profile (plural RNA expression profiles)

(genetics) A diagram that shows the differing levels of gene expression of a particular gene / protein) in different parts of an organism


GERP score

(genetics) A genomic evolutionary rate profiling score that measures the evolutionary conservation of a particular genetic sequence across a species.


poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation

poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (usually uncountable, plural poly(ADP-ribosyl)ations)

polyation (canonical)
poly(ADP-ribosyl)ations (plural)

(biochemistry, genetics) The transfer of multiple ADP-ribose molecules to a target protein


enhancer RNA

(genetics) A short form of non-coding RNA transcribed from an enhancer region of DNA


chromosome conformation capture

chromosome conformation capture (plural chromosome conformation captures)

chromosome conformation captures (plural)

(genetics) A set of molecular biology methods used to analyze the spatial organization of chromatin in a cell


RNA polymerase

(genetics, biochemistry) An enzyme that is involved in the transcription of RNA.

RNA-polymeraasi

enzyme involved in the transcription of RNA


counterstrand

(genetics) The strand of a nucleic acid that is joined to a particular strand


Cas

(genetics) Acronym of CRISPR-associated.


supercharacter

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The combination of characters contributing to the supercharacter need not be logically or genetically related.

1986, Behavior genetics - Volume 16, page 206:

Winter hardiness of plants is not a simple character, rather a supercharacter composed of several components whose impact will vary with the climatic conditions.

2012, O.A. Rognli, E.T. Solberg, I. Schjelderup, Breeding Fodder Crops for Marginal Conditions, →ISBN:

Under natural selection the supercharacter must equate with fitness of the phenotype in a particular environment; where fitness is defined in the Darwinian sense of the capacity to survive and leave offspring.

2012, M.D. Hayward, N.O. Bosemark, T. Romagosa, Plant Breeding: Principles and prospects, →ISBN, page 18:

These, together with yield, may be taken as components of a supercharacter which is itself the overall merit of the plant.

2013, Kenneth Mather, John L. Jinks, Biometrical Genetics: The Study of Continuous Variation, →ISBN, page 47:

(genetics) An amalgamation of characters that respond to the same selective pressure.


pseudoalignment

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In particular, we show that the recent idea of pseudoalignment introduced in the RNA-Seq context is suitable in the metagenomics setting.

2015, Lorian Schaeffer, Harold Pimentel, Nicolas Bray, Páll Melsted, Lior Pachter, “Pseudoalignment for metagenomic read assignment”, in arXiv:

(genetics) A quick method of alignment (of genomic reads) using secondary information


omnitig

(genetics) A particular assemblage of contigs.


multichimera

The formation of Botryllus multichimeras sets the 'group level' (the assemblage of several genotypes into one unified entity) as the key level at which natural selection acts.

2004, Jules Hoffmann, Primitive Immune Systems - Issue 198, page 31:

Around the time of the events that led to your birth, there was no longer anything new even about multichimeras.

2006, Rusty Morrison, Ken Edward Keegan, ParaSpheres: Extending Beyond the Spheres of Literary and Genre Fiction, →ISBN:

However, it was suggested that potentially losing genotypes (defined as such in bi-chimeras scenario) might survive in multichimera entities as stem cells in refugia and successfully propagate to succeeding generations.

2009, Baruch Rinkevich, Valeria Matranga, Stem Cells in Marine Organisms, →ISBN, page 12:

(genetics) A chimera containing genetically distinct cells originating from three or more zygotes.


Mitochondrial Eve

Mitochondrial Eve (plural Mitochondrial Eves)

In reference to Eve, the first woman according to the Bible.

(genetics) The matrilineal most recent common ancestor of all currently living humans, i.e., the most recent woman from whom all living humans descend in an unbroken line purely through their mothers, and through the mothers of those mothers, back until all lines converge on one woman.


African Eve

Mitochondrial Eve
Mitochondrial Eve#English


mutatively

en-adv

mutatively (comparative more mutatively, superlative most mutatively)

more mutatively (comparative)
most mutatively (superlative)

(genetics, biochemistry) Through a mutation or a series of mutations.


trigenic

(genetics) produced by (the interaction of) three genes


CTCF

transcription factor
transcription factor

(genetics, biochemistry) A transcription factor that in humans is encoded by the CTCF gene.


PTGS

(biology, genetics) Initialism of posttranscriptional gene silencing.


LINE

long interspersed nuclear element
w:long interspersed nuclear element

(genetics) Acronym of long interspersed nuclear element, a type of retrotransposon in genomics.


SINE

short interspersed element
w:Retrotransposon#SINEs

(genetics) Acronym of short interspersed element, a type of retrotransposon in genomics.


protomorph

(genetics) Something that has the most primitive character; that which is in the earliest form.


introgressively

introgressively (comparative more introgressively, superlative most introgressively)

more introgressively (comparative)
most introgressively (superlative)

(genetics) By the means of introgression.


copynumber

(genetics) Alternative form of copy number


exomewide

Therefore, implementation for a larger number of assays for these genes is challenging for laboratories that seek to offer comprehensive exomewide sequencing, including genes with homology.

2014 November, Diana Mandelker, “Comprehensive Diagnostic Testing for Stereocilin: An Approach for Analyzing Medically Important Genes with High Homology”, in The Journal of Molecular Diagnostics, volume 16, number 6, page 639:


Muller's morphs

Introduced by Hermann J. Muller (1890–1967).

(genetics) A set of terms used to classify genetic mutations: amorph, hypomorph, hypermorph, antimorph, and neomorph.


Mad

mothers against decapentaplegic
w:mothers against decapentaplegic

(genetics) Acronym of mothers against decapentaplegic.


recombineer

en-verb

recombineer (third-person singular simple present recombineers, present participle recombineering, simple past and past participle recombineered)

recombineers (present singular third-person)
recombineering (participle present)
recombineered (participle past)
recombineered (past)

(genetics, transitive) To modify by the recombineering technique.


epitype

To test this hypothesis our discussion is focused on finding evidence for gene-specific epitypes that supports or rejects cause-and-effect relationships between genotype, epitype and phenotype.[…]The first approach (A) examines the penetrance of transgenerationally inherited epitypes that are known to activate or silence the expression of disease related gene(s), which in turn correlate with onset of the "aberrant" disease phenotypes.[…]The second and less direct approach (B) searches out epitypes that are duplicated, as DNA sequences are duplicated, and examines multiple copies of DNA sequence and epitype that have been evolutionarily co-conserved.

2013, Kasirajan Ayyanathan, Epigenetics and Pathology: Exploring Connections Between Genetic Mechanisms, Taylor & Francis (CRC Press), page 284:

(genetics, epigenetics) An epigenetic alteration in a gene.


deaf waddler

(genetics) A mutation in mice that causes hearing loss and a waddling gait.


testcross

The inbreds of groups 3 and 4 have a distinct difference in plant height, except for a few selections, presumably because of some difference in selection pressure at low- and high-stand densities. Group means for testcross performance showed more progress in group 4 than in group 3 because of a difference in the number of low-yielding genotypes in the two groups.

1967, W. A. Russell, A. H. Teich, Selection in Zea Mays L. by Inbred Line Appearance and Testcross Performance in Low and High Plant Densities:

You could determine its genotype by performing a testcross. If the plant were homozygous (TT), a testcross would produce all tall progeny (TT × tt → all Tt); if the plant were heterozygous (Tt), half of the progeny would be tall and half would be short (Tt × tt → 1/2 Tt and 1/2 tt). When a testcross is performed, any recessive allele in the unknown genotype is expressed in the progeny, because it will be paired with a recessive allele from the homozygous recessive parent.

2012, Benjamin A. Pierce, Genetics: A Conceptual Approach, Macmillan, →ISBN, page 55:

(genetics) The breeding of an individual with a phenotypically recessive individual, in order to determine the zygosity of the former by analysing proportions of offspring phenotypes.


testcross

testcross (third-person singular simple present testcrosses, present participle testcrossing, simple past and past participle testcrossed)

testcrosses (present singular third-person)
testcrossing (participle present)
testcrossed (participle past)
testcrossed (past)

(genetics) To breed an individual in this manner.


cream gene

(genetics) A gene that is responsible for several pale colourations of horses


acrosyndesis

(genetics) The pairing of homologous telomeres during meiosis


allelism

en-noun

allelism (countable and uncountable, plural allelisms)

(genetics) The existence of two or more alleles of a gene


allelomorphism

(genetics) A phenotype associated with a specific allele


allophenic

(genetics) composed of cells from two or more genetically different embryos


autodiploidy

(genetics) The condition of being autodiploid


autodiploid

(genetics) diploid as a result of duplication of a haploid set of chromosomes


autohexaploid

(genetics) hexaploid as a result of multiplication of a haploid set of chromosomes


autopentaploid

(genetics) pentaploid as a result of multiplication of a haploid set of chromosomes


autotriploid

(genetics) triploid as a result of multiplication of a haploid set of chromosomes


diplotype

(genetics) Either of two or more haplotypes on homologous chromosomes


monophyleticity

(genetics) The quality of being monophyletic.


epigeneticity

(genetics) The quality of being epigenetic.


chimeraplast

(genetics) A synthetic strand of RNA and DNA once used to repair DNA mutations


chimeraplasty

(genetics) A form of gene therapy that uses chimeraplasts


coconversion

(genetics) The simultaneous correction of two sites on DNA that were segregated wrongly during meiosis


counterselectable

(genetics) Capable of creating a counterselection


interexon

RT-PCR primers for the identification of active HERV loci were designed from the sequences of predicted/expected loci and incorporated 0 to 3 ambiguous nucleotides taking the other homologous loci into account. […] Locus-specific primers were set in interexons. Those sequences and PCR conditions were as follows: […]

2004 December, Goichi OkaharaShinobu Matsubaraet al., “Expression analyses of human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs): tissue-specific and developmental stage-dependent expression of HERVs”, in Genomics, volume 84, number 6, →DOI, page 988:

The results of this analysis showed that there are significant differences between all the groups of pathologies studied regarding the level of expression of the various interexons, understanding significance in each group as the statistical difference found at least between a pair of pathologies concerning the values of expression in every interexon.

2013 December 6, Carlos A. OrozcoAndrés Acevedoet al., “The Combined Expression Patterns of Ikaros Isoforms Characterize Different Hematological Tumor Subtypes”, in PLOS One, volume 8, number 12, →DOI, page 3:

Given the technical inability to obtain real quantitative data for the expression levels of all Ikaros isoforms, a different protocol was used to characterize the expression profile of each interexon based on qRT-PCR.

2018 December 14, Leydy Katherin Duque SuárezGerardo Quintana Lópezet al., “IKAROS expression profiles characterize different autoimmune diseases”, in Translational Medicine Communications, volume 3, number 11, →DOI, page 2:

(genetics) A region of a transcribed gene between exons.


contrasuppressor

(genetics) That inhibits the function of a suppressor.


contrasuppressor

(genetics) That which inhibits the function of a suppressor.


pseudoallelism

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(genetics) The situation in which two genes with similar functions are located so close to one another on a chromosome that they are genetically linked and tend to be inherited together


pseudoallele

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(genetics) Either of the two genes involved in pseudoallelism.


ecophene

(genetics, ecology) The range of phenotypes produced by a genotype in a particular habitat


TBP

(genetics, microbiology) Initialism of TATA-binding protein.


isosequential

(genetics) Having the same sequence of nucleotides.


pleitropism

(genetics) The quality of being pleitropic.


genecology

genecology (usually uncountable, plural genecologies)

(genetics, ecology) A branch of ecology dealing with genetic variation in different environments


omnigenic

(genetics) Concerning, or controlled by, all the genes of an organism


multireplicon

(genetics) Characterised by multiple replicons


heterokaryotypic

(genetics) Relating to a heterokaryotype


heterokaryotype

(genetics) The karyotype of a heterozygous organism


homosequential

D. simulans, D. mauritiana and D. sechellia (which we will call “the siblings” when we do not need to distinguish among them) have homosequential polytene chromosome banding patterns differing from those of D. melanogaster by one long inversion on chromosome arm 3R and a few much smaller inversions.

1990 April 1, P. Hutter et al., “A genetic basis for the inviability of hybrids between sibling species of Drosophila”, in Genetics, volume 124, number 4, pages 909–920:


coamplification

(genetics) amplification (typically of DNA) along with another material


cardiospecific

(genetics) Specific to a particular heart condition


cooverexpression

(genetics) The overexpression of two or more proteins (by two or more genes working together)


cooverexpressed

(genetics) expressed by means of cooverexpression


morphopathy

(genetics, pathology) A disease or condition associated with a particular form of a gene.


homokaryotype

(genetics) A karyotype that is homozygous for a particular chromosome mutation


minisequencing

(genetics) An analysis technique that detects single nucleotide polymorphisms


pseudosplice

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(genetics, attributive) A splice that is ignored by the spliceosome.


recombinosome

(genetics) An organelle posited to control genetic recombination


radiomodulation

(genetics) modulation by ionizing radiation


subdiploid

(genetics) Having fewer than two chromosomes, typically as a result of apoptosis


MegaBLAST

From mega- + BLAST (“basic local alignment search tool”).

prefix

(genetics) A software tool used in genome sequencing


conservedness

(genetics) The condition of being a conserved sequence of nucleic acid


cocladogenesis

(genetics) cladogenesis that spans two or more lineages


promoterome

(genetics) (the study of) all the genetic promoters of an organism


submotif

(genetics) A group of nucleotides that form a subset of a motif.


transfer DNA

(genetics) DNA transferred from a bacterium to a host.


downexpression

en-noun

downexpression (usually uncountable, plural downexpressions)

(genetics, biochemistry) The lower than normal expression of a protein.


pathogenetics

(pathology, genetics) The pathology of genetic disease


pangenomic

(genetics) Relating to a pangenome or to pangenomics.

Despite the inherent ambiguities of the process, QTL mapping (Sections IV and V) will provide vital information for basic and applied aspects of crop improvement. QTL mapping conducts a pangenomic assessment of gene location and action for potentially any phenotype (i.e., trait).

1995, Michael Lee, “DNA Markers and Plant Breeding Programs”, in Advances in Agronomy, volume 55, San Diego, CA: Academic Press, →DOI, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 285:

(genetics) Relating to the whole of a genome.


homeolocus

A possible reason for the appearance of homozygous genotypes may be silencing mutations at one homeolocus at the tetrapolid level that the autogamous breeding system maintains as different lineages (MLILs).

30 June 2010, Tatjana Oja, Tõnu Oja and Külli Zimmermann, Annales Botanici Fennici 47, "Genetic variation of Bromus hordeaceus s. lato (Poaceae) over its core distribution range", Finnish Zoological and Botanical Publishing Board, page 168

(genetics, chiefly in the plural) One of several loci that have the same sequence of nucleotides.


stem-loop

(genetics) A short length of intramolecularly bonded single-stranded DNA or RNA


retropose

en-verb

retropose (third-person singular simple present retroposes, present participle retroposing, simple past and past participle retroposed)

retroposes (present singular third-person)
retroposing (participle present)
retroposed (participle past)
retroposed (past)

reverse transcription
reverse transcription

(genetics) To insert into a chromosome following reverse transcription


spliceopathy

(genetics) The abnormal splicing of genes


diplochromosome

(genetics) A chromosome, containing four chromatids, produced by two rounds of DNA replication without normal chromosome separation


heterotachy

(genetics) variability in the rate of genetic evolution over time


methylogram

(genetics) A graphical representation of methylation


isodicentricism

There are many chromosomal variations that cause the 45,X/46,XY karyotype, including malformation (isodicentricism) of the Y chromosomes, deletions of Y chromosome or translocations of Y chromosome segments.

2017, S. Ravishankar, “A rare case of male Turner syndrome for penetrating keratoplasty”, in International Journal of Scientific Reports:

Isodicentric Y chromosome. Apart from deletions, duplications, or both, other structural changes that might alter the natural composition and integrity of the Y chromosome are isodicentricism, truncation, or ring formation [...]

2017, H. Tournaye, C. Krausz, R. D. Oates, “Novel concepts in the aetiology of male reproductive impairment”, in The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology:

(genetics) The quality of being isodicentric, equally dicentric.


hemiclone

(genetics) Either of two or more individuals, produced via hybridization between two closely related species, that share a single specific haplotype


mechanoregulation

(genetics) mechanical regulation of a genetic process


nanochromosome

Interestingly, three nanochromosomes containing RDRP candidate genes were identified in Styloynchia.

2019, Postberg J, Weil PP, “Biogenesis of Developmental Master Regulatory 27nt-RNAs in Stylonychia—Can Coding RNA Turn into Non Coding?”, in Genes, volume 10, number 11, MDPI, →DOI, →PMID:

(genetics) An extremely short chromosome, typically hosting just a single gene


pharmacogenesis

(genetics) The inherited genetic differences in drug metabolism which can affect individual responses to drugs


transcomplemented

(genetics) Modified by transcomplementation


transcomplementation

(genetics) complementation between different genes


basecalling

(genetics) The assigning of the names of bases to chromatogram peaks


basecall

(genetics) The assignment of a base to a chromatogram peak


autorepressor

(genetics) A protein that causes autorepression


diplomyxis

(genetics) The homologous recombination of genes without meiosis in cyst nuclei


gene trap

(genetics) A mutation inserted into an intron in order to identify individual genes


undertransmitted

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kilobasepair

(genetics) Alternative form of kilobase pair


retrohoming

(genetics) The reintegration of an intron into DNA


tetraploidized

(genetics) Converted to tetraploidy by tetraploidization


targetron

(genetics) A plasmid that selectively targets a specific gene


transduplicate

transduplicate (third-person singular simple present transduplicates, present participle transduplicating, simple past and past participle transduplicated)

transduplicates (present singular third-person)
transduplicating (participle present)
transduplicated (participle past)
transduplicated (past)

(genetics) To cause, or to undergo transduplication


xenochimera

(genetics) A cell containing DNA of two unrelated species.


transduplication

(genetics) The acquisition of unrelated gene fragments by a transposable element


homeologue

(genetics) A homeologous gene or chromosome


undersequenced

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haplodeficiency

en-noun

haplodeficiency (usually uncountable, plural haplodeficiencies)

(genetics) The condition of being haplodeficient


monophenotypic

(genetics) Composed of a single phenotype


orthologization

(genetics) The process of rendering something orthologous.


radiosequencing

(genetics) sequencing with the aid of a radioactive tracer


pseudotransduction

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(genetics) The appearance of transduction in an experiment as a result of the use of impure viruses


misexpressional

(genetics) Relating to the misexpression of a gene


toposite

(genetics) A cleavage site on a chromosome


viritope

(genetics) A section of DNA that corresponds with a gene


underannotated

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alphoid

alphoid DNA

(genetics) Describing repetitive tandem sequences of DNA in the human centromere


cytogenotype

(genetics, cytology) A cellular genotype


minireplicon

In summary, the reverse-genetics system and minireplicon reporter assay described in this study should be of value in identifying viral determinants of cross-species transmission and pathogenicity of novel influenza D viruses.

2019, Yu J, Liu R, “Development and Characterization of a Reverse-Genetics System for Influenza D Virus”, in Journal of virology, volume 93, number 21, American Society for Microbiology, →DOI, →PMID:


oligocapture

(genetics) The capture of reasonably large DNA fragments for sequencing


septanucleotide

Further, the septanucleotides were not labeled by α-³²ᵖ-CTP while the unique 5' terminal oligonucleotide was not labeled by α-³²ᵖ-UTP.

1973, Sewell P. Champe, Phage, page 389:

(genetics) A codon containing seven nucleotides.


metabolotyping

(genetics) The assignment of metabolic types to genetic variants


isoallele

(genetics) Either of several near-identical alleles that can only be distinguished when in combination with another (typically mutant) allele


isogenotypic

(genetics) Relating to, or based on the same genotype


intercomplementation

intercomplementation (countable and uncountable, plural intercomplementations)


heterochromatization

heterochromatization (usually uncountable, plural heterochromatizations)

(genetics) The conversion (of euchromatin) to heterochromatin


allochimera

(genetics) Either of two chimeras having different combination of parent zygotes


malsegregation

(genetics) Incorrect segregation of chromosomes


replichore

(genetics) A replicated half of a chromosome in some bacteria


haplogrouping

haplogrouping (countable and uncountable, plural haplogroupings)

(genetics) The assignment of haplogroups


isoduplication

(genetics) The joining of two near-identical strands of a broken chromosome


micromutation

(genetics) A very small, localized mutation


phenocritical

(genetics, of a developing organism) susceptible to environmental modification of its genes


spike-in

(genetics) A short RNA transcript, of known sequence, used to calibrate sequencing


protoploid

(genetics) Formed prior to genome duplication


pseudotetraploid

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(genetics) Apparently tetraploid (but actually doubly diploid)


superhaplogroup

(genetics) A grouping of haplotypes larger than a haplogroup


-ploid

Back-formation from haploid and diploid. Equivalent to Ancient Greek -πλ(όος) (-pl(óos), “-fold”) + -oid.

der

(biology, genetics) Indicating the number of homologous sets of chromosomes in a cell.


cytogenomics

(genetics) The cytogenetic analysis of chromosome aberrations


subneofunctionalization

(genetics) The subfunctionalization of a gene that is followed by neofunctionalization


endonucleic

(genetics) In the middle of a nucleic acid (rather than at its ends)


homonucleotide

(genetics) A section of DNA composed of repeats of the same nucleotide


homopolynucleotide

(genetics) A polynucleotide composed of multiple copies of the same nucleotide


noncomplementation

(genetics) failure (of mutations) to complement one another


unisequence

(genetics) A unique sequence (of bases in a nucleic acid)


paleopolyploidy

en-noun

paleopolyploidy (countable and uncountable, plural paleopolyploidies)

(genetics) Polyploidy that occurred in the distant past.


dihaploid

(genetics) Having two identical copies of each chromosome as a result of chromosome doubling


homotachy

(genetics) constancy in the rate of genetic evolution over time


transdominance

(genetics) The condition of being transdominant


autotetraploidization

(genetics) The process, or the result of becoming autotetraploid


nonmutator

(genetics) Something that is not a mutator


antisensing

(genetics) The suppression of transcription by means of an antisense


predatosome

(genetics) A group of genes common to early predators


hydroshear

en-verb

hydroshear (third-person singular simple present hydroshears, present participle hydroshearing, simple past and past participle hydrosheared)

hydroshears (present singular third-person)
hydroshearing (participle present)
hydrosheared (participle past)
hydrosheared (past)

(genetics) To produce nucleic acid fragments by hydroshearing


hyperduplication

(genetics) Excessive duplication (typically of centrosomes)


ecoparalog

(genetics) Either of a pair of paralogs that are active in different ecological situations


neofunctionalized

(genetics) Modified by neofunctionalization


beadchip

(genetics) A silica bead used to form a microarray when self-assembled in microwells


autodiploidize

autodiploidize (third-person singular simple present autodiploidizes, present participle autodiploidizing, simple past and past participle autodiploidized)

autodiploidizes (present singular third-person)
autodiploidizing (participle present)
autodiploidized (participle past)
autodiploidized (past)


haplosimilarity

(genetics) The condition of being haplosimilar


orthogenomics

(genetics) The application of genomics to orthopedics


paranome

They considered only proteins in the paranome (the set of all duplicate genes in the genome) and numbered them consecutively according to their positions on the chromosomes.

(genetics) The complete set of paralogous genes in a genome.


allooctoploid

(genetics) Having eight sets of chromosomes, four from each parent


diheptad

From di- (“two”) + heptad (“group of 7”).

(genetics) A sequence of fourteen bases composed of a repeated heptad


nullizygote

(genetics) A nullizygous cell or organism


botanogenomics

(botany, genetics, rare) The study of botanical genomes


countergradient

(genetics) Describing the differences between genetic and environmental variation


herbogenomics

(botany, genetics) The botanogenomics of medicinal herbs


variome

(genetics) All the genetic variations that have occurred in the evolution of a species


isogenization

en-noun

isogenization (usually uncountable, plural isogenizations)

(genetics) The process, or the result of isogenizing


pseudodiploidy

(genetics) The condition of being pseudodiploid


heterozigous

(genetics, of an individual) That has two different alleles (variants) of the specific gene.


contraselectable

(genetics) That can give rise to contraselection


contraselection

(genetics) Selection for a desirable trait that has unintended negative consequences.


superlocus

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-superlocus.wav

(genetics) A position on a chromosome that is part of many genes


hologenome

(genetics) The collective genome of a holobiont


metatranscriptional

(genetics) Relating to metatranscription


stratocladistics

(genetics) A combination of stratigraphy and cladistics


oligoploid

(genetics) Having a few more than the usual number of sets of chromosomes in each cell


nonaploid

(genetics) polyploid to the extent of having nine sets of chromosomes in each cell


stoperator

(genetics) An operator in a genome that stops transcription


betasatellite

(genetics) A form of single-stranded satellite DNA associated with plant viruses


microgenomic

(genetics) Relating to a microgenome or to microgenomics


reconjugation

(genetics, biology) A second or subsequent conjugation


reconjugate

en-verb

reconjugate (third-person singular simple present reconjugates, present participle reconjugating, simple past and past participle reconjugated)

reconjugates (present singular third-person)
reconjugating (participle present)
reconjugated (participle past)
reconjugated (past)

(genetics) To cause, or to undergo reconjugation


heteronucleotide

(genetics) A section of DNA composed of repeats of different nucleotides


deligotype

(genetics) A form of polymorphism in the repeat units of DNA


deligotyping

(genetics) The identification and characterisation of deligotypes


multiphenotype

(genetics) Involving multiple phenotypes


oligogene

(genetics) One of a few genes that, together, control a specific trait


transconjugate

transconjugate (third-person singular simple present transconjugates, present participle transconjugating, simple past and past participle transconjugated)

transconjugates (present singular third-person)
transconjugating (participle present)
transconjugated (participle past)
transconjugated (past)

(genetics, of a bacterium) To conjugate genetic material with another bacterium


orthogroup

(genetics) The group of genes descended from a single gene in the last common ancestor of a clade of species.


probiogenomics

(genetics, biology) The genomics of probiotic bacteria


hypertetraploid

(genetics) Having more than the usual tetraploid number of chromosomes; hyperploid with respect to a tetraploid species genome.


pseudomotif

(genetics) A motif that is part of a pseudogene


heterotelomeric

(genetics) Having different telomeres at each end of a chromosome


heterochromatize

heterochromatize (third-person singular simple present heterochromatizes, present participle heterochromatizing, simple past and past participle heterochromatized)

heterochromatizes (present singular third-person)
heterochromatizing (participle present)
heterochromatized (participle past)
heterochromatized (past)

(genetics) To cause, or to undergo heterochromatization


homotelomeric

(genetics) Having the same type of telomere at each end of a chromosome


microinversion

(genetics) A small-scale genetic inversion


subphenotyping

(genetics) The phenotyping of subphenotypes


chlorotype

(genetics) The haplotype of a chloroplast


dodecanucleotide

(genetics) A codon containing twelve nucleotides.


monophylogeny

(genetics) The condition of being monophyletic


clastogenicity

en-noun

clastogenicity (countable and uncountable, plural clastogenicities)

(genetics) The condition of being clastogenic


cocladogenetic

(genetics) Alternative form of cocladogenic


genoeconomic

(genetics, economics) Relating to genoeconomics


genoeconomics

(genetics, economics) The study of the effects of genetics on a person's finances


hemidegenerate

(genetics) Using a combination of degenerate oligonucleotides and oligonucleotides specific to the target genetic material.


hervotype

endogenous retrovirus
endogenous retrovirus

(genetics) The DNA sequence of an insertion by a human endogenous retrovirus


alloproliferative

(genetics) Relating to, or causing alloproliferation


hemiallogeneic

(genetics) genetic different because of being derived from one parent of the same species and one from another


heterodiploid

(genetics, of a chromosome) Having two different strands


heterodiploid

(genetics) A cell or organism having such chromosomes


hypertranscription

hypertranscription (countable and uncountable, plural hypertranscriptions)


retrosequence

(genetics) A sequence of DNA produced by reverse transcription


androgenone

androgenone (countable and uncountable, plural androgenones)

/ænˌdɹɒd͡ʒɪˈnəʊni/

(genetics) The inheritance of only the paternal genome


diplodiploid

(genetics) haplodiploid with the males being diploid


ecogenomics

(ecology, genetics) The application of genomics to ecology


epichromosomal

(genetics) Outside of a chromosome (describes genetic material that proliferates in tandem to the chromosomes)


neoexpression

(genetics) expression of a protein not previously present


transferomics

horizontal gene transfer
horizontal gene transfer

(genetics) The genomic study of horizontal gene transfer


altosome

(genetics) An asymmetric structure of nucleosomes produced by modifying a polynucleosomal array.


immunogenotype

(genetics, immunology) The genotype of an organism that directs its immunophenotype


interploidal

(genetics) Between cells or organisms that have different ploidies


ploidal

The differential responses between taxa of different ploidal levels could shift the balance of power in both horizontal (competitive) and vertical (consumer-resource) interactions within ecological networks of interacting taxa.

2018, Dedmer B. Van de Waal, Progress in Ecological Stoichiometry, page 316:


isocaudomer

(genetics) Either of a pair of restriction enzymes that generate the same unpaired nucleotides in the end of a DNA molecule


metabolotype

(genetics) A genetic variant identified by metabolotyping


allogeneity

(genetics) The condition of being allogeneic


antisilencing

(genetics) That counters the silencing of gene expression


excinuclease

(genetics, biochemistry) A nuclease that carries out excision as part of DNA repair


hexaloop

(genetics) A motif that has six loops of nucleic acid


triloop

(genetics) A motif that has three loops of nucleic acid


hexaprimer

(genetics) A genetic primer composed of a mixture of hexanucleotides


hyperhexaploid

(genetics) Having more than six complete sets of chromosomes in each cell


hypopentaploid

(genetics) Having fewer than five complete sets of chromosomes in each cell


transcomplement

(genetics) A gene involved in transcomplementation


transcomplement

en-verb

transcomplement (third-person singular simple present transcomplements, present participle transcomplementing, simple past and past participle transcomplemented)

transcomplements (present singular third-person)
transcomplementing (participle present)
transcomplemented (participle past)
transcomplemented (past)

(genetics) To undergo transcomplementation


cytogenotoxic

(cytology, genetics, toxicology) Having a genotoxic effect on a cell


electrokaryotype

(genetics) A karyotype separated or identified by electrophoresis


multitelomeric

(genetics) Relating to or produced by multiple telomeres


reticulogram

(genetics) A graphical representation of a reticulate evolutionary structure


radiophenotype

(genetics) A phenotype caused by radiation


underreplication

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-underreplication.wav


antimotif

(genetics) A pattern, in a nucleotide or amino-acid sequence, that appears less often than chance would predict and is conjectured to have biological significance.


oligotype

(genetics, taxonomy) A distinct taxon whose separate identity is derived from a string of genetic bases rather than from morphological differences


oligotyping

(genetics, taxonomy) The definition and identification of oligotypes


synexpression

(genetics) The coordinated expression of separate genes that have the same function


cytoduction

en-noun

cytoduction (countable and uncountable, plural cytoductions)

(genetics) The transfer of cytoplasmic material during reproduction of yeast cells


homorepeat

(genetics, biochemistry) A repeat in which all the nucleic acids (or amino acids) are the same


mismethylation

(biochemistry, genetics) Incorrect methylation (of a gene)


polyepigenetic

(genetics) That produces many genetic mutations


polycytidine

(genetics) A repeat of many cytidine groups in a stretch of RNA


polythymine

(genetics) A repeat of many thymine bases in a stretch of DNA


pseudohaplotype

(genetics) A group of alleles located on the same paternal or maternal chromosome


genelet

(genetics) A very small gene, especially one whose function can be switched


multiduplication

(genetics) multiple duplication of a gene


cellfectin

(genetics) A cationic lipid reagent used in transfection


eupolyploidization

(genetics) Conversion to eupolyploid form


eupolyploidy

(genetics) The condition of being eupolyploid


hexapolyploidy

(genetics) The condition of being hexapolyploid


lipomics

(genetics, biochemistry) The genomics of lipid metabolism


lipomic

(genetics, biochemistry) Relating to lipomics


monosomatic

(genetics) Having a typical ploidy (for the species)


paleohexaploid

(genetics) Describing ancient hexaploid organisms that originated as a result of paleopolyploidy


paratriploid

(genetics) Less than polyploid and greater than triploid


envirotype

(genetics) A set of exogenous factors that affect the phenotype


gonomery

From gonomere, itself from gono- + -mere.

(genetics) A form of division of a nucleus in which maternal and paternal chromosomes remain on each side of a central spindle during metaphase and anaphase


homocodon

(genetics) A length of repeated codons in a nucleic acid


holocentrism

(genetics) The state of being holocentric.


antiidiotypic

(genetics, of an antibody) That binds to an idiotype of another antibody


defensome

(genetics) The collection of genes that code for proteins that are chemical stressors


read length

(genetics) A length of nucleic acid that has been sequenced.


suballele

(genetics) A subset of an allele, especially one that appears in all forms of the allele


chimeragenesis

(biology, genetics) The genesis and development of chimeras


hexarepeat

(genetics, biochemistry) A pattern of six repeats (in a nucleic acid or protein (especially a prion))


neuroepigenetics

(genetics, physiology) The study of epigenetic aspects of the nervous system


pentarepeat

(genetics, biochemistry) A pattern of five repeats (in a nucleic acid or protein (especially a prion))


selenogene

(genetics, biochemistry) Any gene that expresses a selenoprotein


transreplication

(genetics) replication of DNA between noncognate viruses


genometabolic

The new era of research must include both epidemiological and genometabolic studies.

1991, F M Yatsu, “Strokes in Asians and Pacific-Islanders, Hispanics, and Native Americans”, in Circulation, page 1471:

(genetics, biochemistry) Genomic and metabolic.


phenogenotype

(genetics) A phenotype that is also a genotype


neocentric

(genetics) In which secondary sites in some chromosomes act as sites of attachment of spindle fibres


bicongenic

(genetics) congenic in two different ways


aneuploidogen

(genetics) A substance that causes aneuploidy


desilencing

desilencing (countable and uncountable, plural desilencings)

(genetics) The reverse of the silencing of gene expression


glycophenotype

(genetics) A phenotype characterised by the presence of specific glycolipids or glycoproteins


metaproteogenomic

(genetics) Relating to metaproteogenomics


metaproteogenomics

(genetics) A field of study that encompasses metaproteomics and genomics.


neocentromerization

(genetics) The formation of neocentromeres


operonization

(genetics) The formation of operons in a genome


photostimulon

(biochemistry, genetics) photochemical stimulon


pseudotrefoil

(genetics) A pseudoknot in the form of a trefoil


stromalin

(genetics) A subunit of the cohesin ring complex which encircles sister chromatids after DNA replication


homoplastomic

(genetics) Describing a transgenic plant that has its original plastome


pseudoallelic

(genetics) Relating to pseudoalleles or to pseudoallelism


bigenomic

(genetics, of a protein) Coded for by genes on two different chromosomes


clonogenics

(biology, genetics) The (study of the) formation of clones


depauperation

(genetics) The removal of variety (of species, genes, or biodiversity)


genotranscriptome

(genetics) A genome and/or related transcriptome


genotranscriptomic

From geno- + transcriptomic or genotranscriptome + -ic.

(genetics) Relating to a genotranscriptome


heterogeneicity

(genetics) The condition of being heterogeneic


heterogeneic

(genetics) Composed of different genes, typically by being different species


suprahaplotype

(genetics) A group of closely-related haplotypes


alloalbumin

(genetics, biochemistry) Any of a group of genetically-related albumins found in blood serum


metagenetics

(genetics) The application of genetics to communities rather than individual organisms


ecometagenetics

(ecology, genetics) A combination of ecology and metagenetics


endopolyploidization

endopolyploidization (usually uncountable, plural endopolyploidizations)

(genetics) hybridization that leads to endopolyploidy


monobrachial

(genetics) Relating to one arm of a chromosome


neoautotetraploid

(genetics) A newly-formed autotetraploid


octoploidy

(genetics) The condition of being octoploid


oncogenetics

(genetics, pathology) The study of the genetic origin of cancers


splinker

1986, B. W. Kalisch, S. A. Krawetz, K. H. Schoenwaelder, J. H. van de Sande, Covalently linked sequencing primer linkers (splinkers) for sequence analysis of restriction fragments, Gene, 1986; 44(2-3): 263-70, doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(86)90190-3, PMID: 3023188,
A new method for direct sequence analysis of DNA restriction fragments uses synthetic covalently linked complementary oligodeoxynucleotides, as universal sequencing primer linkers (splinkers). These splinkers were designed to contain an inverted repeat sequence which forms a double-stranded hairpin structure with a known restriction site. The splinkers were characterized by their ability to be self-ligating (dimerized) and by their restriction digest product analysis of both the monomer and dimer.

The process requires a total of 64 splinkers and 4096 anchors. Initially, a selected splinker is ligated to a selected anchor.

2017, M. M. Ferreira Amaral, L. Frigotto, A. V. Hine, “8: Beyond the Natural Proteome”, in Arun K. Shukla, editor, Proteomics in Biology, Part A: Methods in Enzymology, Elsevier (Academic Press), page 121:

(genetics) Abbreviation of sequencing primer linker.


polyguanine

polyguanine (countable and uncountable, plural polyguanines)

(genetics) A stretch of repeated guanine nucleotides in a nucleic acid


postformational

(genetics, biology) Following the formation of a new species


trigenomic

(genetics) Derived from three genetically-similar organisms


triploidisation

triploidisation (countable and uncountable, plural triploidisations)

(genetics) Alternative form of triploidization


C-value paradox

(genetics) The observation that the C-value of an organism is not dependent on its complexity (presumed number of genes)


C-value

(genetics) The amount of DNA (in picograms) in a haploid nucleus (a measure of the genome size)


megagenomic

(genetics) Relating to megagenomes or to megagenomics


micropolymorphism

micropolymorphism (countable and uncountable, plural micropolymorphisms)


pathogenomic

(pathology, genetics) Relating to pathogenomics


pathosphere

(pathology, genetics) All the pathogens of a certain environment, together with their gene pool


tetrasomal

(genetics) Alternative form of tetrasomic


allodeterminant

(genetics) A substance that determines which of a set of alleles is dominant


dispensome

(rare, genetics) The parts of a chromosome that are not needed and are thus dispensable


integromics

(biology, genetics) The integration of diverse scientific biochemical and genetic disciplines


multiphenotypic

(genetics) Relating to multiple phenotypes


decarepeat

(genetics, biochemistry) A pattern of ten repeats


hypomorphous

(genetics) That reduces the amount of polymorphism


paleotranscriptomic

(genetics) Relating to the sequencing of ancient RNA


supradomain

(biochemistry, genetics) A domain that contains other, smaller domains


unigenotype

(genetics) Composed of a single genotype


tandem repeat

(genetics) A pattern of adjacent repeats in DNA.


metabarcoded

(genetics) analysed by means of metabarcoding


phenodeviant

(genetics) An individual whose phenotype is significantly different from that of others in the population


protoclone

(genetics) One of the first organisms produced by a cloning regime


protokaryotype

(genetics) The earliest ancestor of a karyotype


toxicogenome

(genetics) A genome that has been modified by a toxic substance


genomodulatory

(genetics) Able to modulate the action of genes


mesotetraploid

(genetics) That has become tetraploid in more recent history


biasogram

(genetics) A graphical representation of bias in genetic data


agnogene

(genetics) A gene that expresses an agnoprotein.


isoclonal

(genetics) Relating to the same (type of) clone


isochromatid

(genetics) Relating to a similar (sister) chromatid


karyomorphotype

(genetics) The morphotype of a karyomorph


retroplasmid

(genetics) Any plasmid that replicates via reverse transcription


quadriradial

(genetics, of a chromosome) Having four radiating chromatids


translocant

(biochemistry, genetics) A translocated molecule or fragment


chlorotyping

(genetics) The separation and identification of chlorotypes


crosshybridization

crosshybridization (countable and uncountable, plural crosshybridizations)

(genetics) hybridization between nucleic acids that have different sequences, and are typically derived from orthologous or paralogous genes


debarcoded

(especially genetics) From which a barcode has been removed


amphihaploid

(genetics) Having a haploid set of chromosomes from each of its parents


allohaploid

(cytology, genetics) Having a single set of unpaired chromosomes derived from two different species


oligopurine

(genetics) A stretch of nucleic acid composed of several contiguous purines


triallelism

However, given the phenomenon of triallelism, it is no longer possible to be certain that the recurrence risk in an affected family will be as high as 25 per cent as it may be a requirement in up to 10 per cent of pedigrees for three mutant alleles to co-segregate.

2003, Frances Flinter, The Genetics of Renal Disease, page 368:

(genetics) The condition of being triallelic.


tagmentation

(genetics) A process, in the analysis of DNA, in which double-stranded DNA is cleaved and tagged


thermotargetron

(genetics) A targetron used to target thermophiles


isoderivative

(genetics) An isochromosome derived from another chromosome


translatomics

(genetics) The study of the translational status of a transcriptome


frameshifter

(genetics) A pseudoknot that causes frameshifting


greenbeard

(genetics) A gene that can identify the presence of a copy of itself in another individual.


microamplification

(genetics) microscale amplification of nucleic acid sequences


desilence

en-verb

desilence (third-person singular simple present desilences, present participle desilencing, simple past and past participle desilenced)

desilences (present singular third-person)
desilencing (participle present)
desilenced (participle past)
desilenced (past)

(genetics) To reverse the silencing of a gene


haplospecific

(genetics) specific to a particular haplotype


haploproficient

(genetics) Having two copies of each gene


haploproficiency

(genetics) The state of being haploproficient


murinize

murinize (third-person singular simple present murinizes, present participle murinizing, simple past and past participle murinized)

murinizes (present singular third-person)
murinizing (participle present)
murinized (participle past)
murinized (past)

(genetics) To convert to a mouse counterpart


hypermethylome

(genetics) The set of nucleic acid hypermethylation in an organism's genome


terminalization

en-noun

terminalization (usually uncountable, plural terminalizations)

(genetics) The movement of the bonds towards the ends of paired chromosomes during meiosis


antichimeric

(genetics) That counters the formation of chimeras


bovinization

(genetics) The process or the result of bovinizing.


bovinize

en-verb

bovinize (third-person singular simple present bovinizes, present participle bovinizing, simple past and past participle bovinized)

bovinizes (present singular third-person)
bovinizing (participle present)
bovinized (participle past)
bovinized (past)

(genetics) To introduce bovine genes into the genome of an organism


museomics

(genetics) genomics by the use of organisms that are only found in museum collections


shufflon

(genetics) A plasmid that "shuffles" recombination sites on DNA segments


consegregate

consegregate (third-person singular simple present consegregates, present participle consegregating, simple past and past participle consegregated)

consegregates (present singular third-person)
consegregating (participle present)
consegregated (participle past)
consegregated (past)

(genetics) Alternative form of cosegregate


ribodeme

(genetics) A group of organisms that share the same ribosomal genes


tetraploidize

tetraploidize (third-person singular simple present tetraploidizes, present participle tetraploidizing, simple past and past participle tetraploidized)

tetraploidizes (present singular third-person)
tetraploidizing (participle present)
tetraploidized (participle past)
tetraploidized (past)

(genetics) To modify by tetraploidization


domainogram

(genetics) A graphical representation of the domains of a genome


dysploid

(genetics) Relating to or exhibiting dysploidy.


dysploid

(genetics) Any organism that exhibits dysploidy.


(genetics) A haplogroup often associated with inhabitants of the Arabian Plate


tagment

tagment (third-person singular simple present tagments, present participle tagmenting, simple past and past participle tagmented)

tagments (present singular third-person)
tagmenting (participle present)
tagmented (participle past)
tagmented (past)

(genetics) To cause, or to undergo tagmentation


chromosome number

en-noun

chromosome number (plural chromosome numbers)

(genetics) The number of chromosomes in each cell of an organism


agmatoploidy

From Ancient Greek ἄγματ- (ágmat-), stem of ἄγμα (ágma, “fragment”) + -o- + -ploidy. Coined by Malheiros-Gardé and Gardé (1950).

(genetics) The fragmentation of one or more chromosomes (particularly all chromosomes), leading to an increased chromosome number but no additional genetic material.


sequencability

sequencability (countable and uncountable, plural sequencabilities)

(genetics) The condition of being sequencable


symploidy

(genetics) ploidy as a result of partial or complete fusion of a set of chromosomes


ignorome

What proportion of genes with intense and selective expression in specific tissues, cells, or systems are still almost completely uncharacterized with respect to biological function? In what ways do these functionally enigmatic genes differ from well-studied genes? To address these two questions, we devised a computational approach that defines so-called ignoromes.

2014 February, Robert W. Williams, “Functionally enigmatic genes: a case study of the brain ignorome”, in PLoS One, volume 9, number 2, page e88889:

(genetics) Sets of genes and corresponding RNAs or proteins whose functions are, as yet, unknown.


retromutation

(genetics) A mutation to a previous (typically an original) form.


endoreduplicative

(genetics) Relating to endoreduplication


infraexpression

infraexpression (countable and uncountable, plural infraexpressions)

(genetics) The abnormal expression of a gene in decreased quantity


transconjugation

(genetics) The process, or the result of transconjugating


DNA sequencing

(genetics) The analysis of DNA sequences


sORFs

(genetics) Plural acronym for "short open reading frames".


sORF

(genetics) Acronym for "short open reading frame".


uORFs

(genetics) Plural acronym for "upstream open reading frames".


uORF

open reading frame
open reading frame#English

(genetics) Acronym of upstream open reading frame.


quadrigenic

(genetics) produced by (the interaction of) four genes


mitochondriome

(genetics) All the mitochondrial genes of an organism


phylostratum

(genetics) The set of genes, of a particular organism, that have the same phylogenetic origin


homoselection

(biology, genetics) Preferential genetic selection of homozygotes


sex-linked

(genetics) Of a mutation or other genetic feature, carried on the chromosome shared by both the male and female of the species (e.g. the X-chromosome in mammals or the Z-chromosome in birds).


extrahelicity

(genetics) The condition of being extrahelical


exochromosomal

(genetics) That is not part of a chromosome


monogenotype

(genetics) A genotype containing genetic material from a single parent


polygenotype

(genetics) A genotype containing genetic material from two or more ancestors


retroduplicate

en-verb

retroduplicate (third-person singular simple present retroduplicates, present participle retroduplicating, simple past and past participle retroduplicated)

retroduplicates (present singular third-person)
retroduplicating (participle present)
retroduplicated (participle past)
retroduplicated (past)

(genetics) To carry out a reverse transcription


decomplementation

en-noun

decomplementation (usually uncountable, plural decomplementations)

(genetics) The act or the result of being decomplemented


quasipalindrome

(biochemistry, genetics) A quasipalindromic DNA sequence


repeatlessness

(genetics) The condition of being repeatless


ribonucleoproteome

(genetics) A proteome of ribonucleoproteins


agroexpression

(genetics) expression of a gene by means of agroinfiltration


agroexpress

en-verb

agroexpress (third-person singular simple present agroexpresses, present participle agroexpressing, simple past and past participle agroexpressed)

agroexpresses (present singular third-person)
agroexpressing (participle present)
agroexpressed (participle past)
agroexpressed (past)

(genetics) To express a gene by means of agroinfiltration


compensasome

(biochemistry, genetics) A complex of protein and RNA that mediates dosage compensation in Drosophila


dosage compensation

(biochemistry, genetics) The process by which organisms equalize the expression of genes between members of different biological sexes


metabarcode

(genetics) A piece of DNA identified by means of metabarcoding


ovinized

(genetics) Modified by the addition of ovine genes


allobarrier

(biochemistry, genetics) A biochemical barrier to allografting


megaread

(genetics) A million reads (the identification of a million bases in a genome)


phenogenetics

(genetics) The branch of genetics that deals with phenotypes


undertranslated

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-undertranslated.wav

(especially genetics) Less than normally translated.


bactofection

(genetics) gene therapy using bacteria as delivery vector


basecaller

(genetics) A device (or software) used in basecalling


read count

(genetics) A count of the sequence of bases read in a genomic analysis


dentome

(genetics) That part of a genome / transcriptome concerned with the teeth of an organism


paleotetraploid

(genetics) That became tetraploid in the distant past


genotropism

(genetics) The reciprocal attraction between carriers of the same or related latent recessive genes


orphon

(genetics) A gene located outside the main chromosomal locus.


megadomain

(genetics) A large domain on certain chromosomes


phylostratigraphy

(genetics) The stratigraphy of species and their genetic evolution


divergon

(genetics) A pair of divergently-transcribed operons that work together in the same biological system


eigensample

The expression level of every gene in an eigensample is given in matrix U, and the expression level of every eigengene in each sample is given in matrix Vᵀ.

2007, Marketa Zvelebil, Jeremy Baum, Understanding Bioinformatics, page 633:

To obtain the eigensamples which contain the characteristic structure of the gene expression data, matrix X is decomposed into W (the product of U and D) and VT by using SVD, where W is the collection of all the eigensamples [8, 15]

2015, Jian Liu et al., A P-Norm Robust Feature Extraction Method for Identifying Differentially Expressed Genes:

(genetics) A set of samples with similar activity for an eigengene.


holoploid

(genetics) Relating to the entire DNA complement of the chromosome of an organism or population


nobilization

(genetics) A form of crossbreeding, involving numerous backcrossings, that produces a particular desired trait


triploidize

triploidize (third-person singular simple present triploidizes, present participle triploidizing, simple past and past participle triploidized)

triploidizes (present singular third-person)
triploidizing (participle present)
triploidized (participle past)
triploidized (past)


cistromic

(genetics) Relating to a cistrome or to cistromics


multivalenced

en-adj

multivalenced (comparative more multivalenced, superlative most multivalenced)

more multivalenced (comparative)
most multivalenced (superlative)

The multivalenced case studies I present afford an opportunity to distinguish and define different kinds of gender-critical and gender-sensitive practices in science.

2009, Sarah S. Richardson, Gendering the genome: sex chromosomes in twentieth century genetics:

With the elucidation of the mysteries of Oenothera, and as the mutation theory came under increasing attack, some proponents of a multivalenced view of mutation found it increasingly difficult to speak clearly about mutations on several different levels without seeming fuzzy-headed latecomers to seemingly discarded de Vriesian views.

2015, Luis A. Campos, Radium and the Secret of Life, →ISBN, page 231:

(genetics) Having three or more homologous chromosomes during meiosis


nulliplex

(genetics, of a polyploid) homozygously recessive (lacking the dominant allele) at a particular locus


allosyndesis

(genetics) The meiotic pairing of nonhomologous chromosomes from an allopolyploid individual


homoadenine

(genetics) A homopyrimidine pairing in which the base is adenine


precore

(genetics) The part of a viral gene that is not necessary for replication


ultraconservation

(genetics) Extreme conservation (of genes)


clanistics

(genetics) The genetic study of the evolution of related organisms


microheteroplasmy

(genetics) Very small-scale heteroplasmy, typically in mitochondrial DNA


metabogenomics

(biochemistry, genetics) The study of metabogenomes


metabogenome

(biochemistry, genetics) All the metabolites specified by genes in a specific organism


disomal

(genetics) Relating to disomy or to disomes


disome

(genetics) A pair of homologous chromosomes


mispolyadenylation

(genetics) Faulty polyadenylation, typically of mRNA


misannotate

en-verb

misannotate (third-person singular simple present misannotates, present participle misannotating, simple past and past participle misannotated)

misannotates (present singular third-person)
misannotating (participle present)
misannotated (participle past)
misannotated (past)


parahaploid

(genetics) Describing a male diploid organism whose parental genes are inactivated by heterochromatization


phenogroup

(genetics) A group of alleles that are inherited together


allodiploidization

(genetics) Conversion to allodiploid form


autoallopolyploid

(genetics) allopolyploid, and having one set of chromosomes (or one genome) in a more than diploid state


txn

(genetics) Abbreviation of transcription.


polyhaploid

(genetics) Having many unpaired chromosomes


rhamnospondin

(genetics) A lectin gene associated with the binding of rhamnose


supergenome

mobile genetic element
mobile genetic element

(genetics) All the genes encoded on an organism's chromosomes together with those encoded on mobile genetic elements such as plasmids and transposons


retromutagenesis

(genetics) A reversal of normal mutagenesis that allows a mutation to escape being selected


metatranscription

(genetics) The transcription of the nucleic acid of a group of related, or interacting organisms


selectome

(genetics) A structured collection of positively-selected traits


hydrofection

(genetics) hydrodynamic infection (of a gene)


homoplasmon

(genetics) The plasmon of a homoplasmic organism


imprintome

(genetics) A subset of a genome that contains only imprinted genes


coparalogous

(genetics) paralogous with another organism


amphidiploidization

en-noun

amphidiploidization (usually uncountable, plural amphidiploidizations)

(genetics) The process of becoming amphidiploid


allododecaploid

(genetics) Having twelve sets of chromosomes, six from each parent


geogenetics

(geography, genetics) The study of geographic variation in genetics


nephrogenetics

(biology, genetics) The application of genetics to nephrology


panortholog

(genetics) An ortholog that is conserved throughout a genome.


chemogenetics

(genetics) A variant of optogenetics that uses chemically-engineered molecules instead of light


decaploidy

(genetics) The condition of being decaploid


polygenome

(genetics) The collective genome of a community of related organisms


satellitome

(genetics) All the satellite DNA of an organism


triplosensitivity

(genetics) The state of a diploid organism having an extra copy of a particular gene


autotransduction

(genetics) transduction between cells of the same organism


hemisome

(genetics) A coil of DNA, surrounding a core of four histones, in a centromere


hairpinned

en-adj

hairpinned (comparative more hairpinned, superlative most hairpinned)

more hairpinned (comparative)
most hairpinned (superlative)

The resulting DNA ends consist of blunt phosphorylated recombination signal end, and coding ends with hairpinned termini.

1997, Maurizio Zanetti, Donald J. Capra, Antibodies, page 87:

(genetics) Consisting of or containing a hairpin ribozyme

The hairpinned substrate was incubated with extracts from cells infected by both AAV and adenovirus.

2005, Jonathan Kerr, Susan Cotmore, Marshall E. Bloom, Parvoviruses, page 194:

(genetics) Produced by a hairpin transfer.


upexpression

en-noun

upexpression (usually uncountable, plural upexpressions)

(genetics, biochemistry) The greater than normal expression of a protein.


editome

(genetics) That part of a genome that has undergone editing


epitranscriptomic

(genetics) Relating to an epitranscriptome or to epitranscriptomics


phasome

(genetics) The phase-variable genes of an organism


superpromiscuity

(genetics) The condition of being superpromiscuous


tridecaploid

(genetics) Having thirteen complete sets of chromosomes in a single cell


hologenophore

(genetics) The specimen of an organism from which DNA is analysed / sequenced


metabarcoder

(genetics) A device used in metabarcoding


telocentromeric

(genetics, of a chromosome) Having a terminal centromere


hologenomic

(genetics) Relating to a hologenome or to hologenomics


optoepigenetic

(genetics) Whose epigenetic activity is modulated by light


hypopolyploid

(genetics) Having a number of chromosomes that is less than polyploid


recodonise

en-verb

recodonise (third-person singular simple present recodonises, present participle recodonising, simple past and past participle recodonised)

recodonises (present singular third-person)
recodonising (participle present)
recodonised (participle past)
recodonised (past)

(genetics) To rearrange the codons of a gene


sociogenomic

(sociology, genetics) Relating to sociogenomics