primigravida

en-noun

primigravida (plural primigravidas or primigravidae or (archaic) primigravidæ)

primigravidas (plural)
primigravidae (plural)
primigravidæ (archaic plural)

/ˌpɹaɪmɪˈɡɹævɪdə/

/ˌpɹaɪməˈɡɹævɪdə/

From Latin prīmus (“first”) (modelled after primipara) + Medieval Latin gravida (“pregnant woman”), feminine singular of Latin gravidus (“pregnant, gravid”), from gravō (“to burden, weigh down; to make pregnant”) + -idus (adjective-forming suffix meaning “tending to”).

der

[...] [Friedrich] Schatz advises all pregnant women, especially primigravidæ, to consult a physician during the last portion of their pregnancy, and ascertain from him the position of the child, and the necessity, if present, of altering it before labor sets in.

1874 February, “The Conversion of a Facial into a Vertex Presentation by External Manipulation only. By Friedrich Schatz, Rostock. (Archiv für Gynäkologie, v. 2. 1873.)”, in B. F. Dawson, editor, The American Journal of Obstetrics and Diseases of Women and Children, volume VI, number 4, New York, N.Y.: William Wood & Co., publishers, […]; London: John Churchill’s Sons, […], →OCLC, page 659:

In connection with the case, I should like to remind you of the fact that extra-uterine pregnancy occurs more frequently in multigravidae than in primigravidae. This has an important bearing on the etiology of ectopic gestation.

1906 February 12, George Gellhorn, “The Diagnosis of Tubal Pregnancy before Rupture”, in Albert E. Taussig, A. S. Bleyer, editors, Quarterly Bulletin: Medical Department of Washington University, volume IV, number 3, St. Louis, Mo.: [Medical Department of Washington University] office of publication, 1806 Locust Street, […], published March 1906, →OCLC, page 167:

The overwhelming majority of primigravidas seen at the clinic are in their middle teens. All but two of these primigravidas were pregnant before their eighteenth birthday. Of thirty-eight primigravidas interviewed none had completed high school; and of these, the ones that were married had husbands who were engaged in low-skill, manual, low-paying occupations.

1975, María-Luisa Urdaneta, “Fertility and the ‘Pill’ in a Texas Barrio”, in Stanley R. Ingman, Anthony E. Thomas, editors, Topias and Utopias in Health: Policy Studies (World Anthropology), The Hague, Paris: Mouton Publishers, →ISBN, page 75:

In the second stage [of labour] for a primigravida, Caesarean section is the method of choice; with a multigravida, a vaginal delivery should be attempted.

1978, Lance Townsend, “Caesarean Section: The Types of Operation”, in Obstetrics for Students, 3rd edition, Melbourne, Vic., Sydney, N.S.W.: The Macmillan Company of Australia, →DOI, →ISBN, page 566:

Primigravidas who find themselves pregnant before they are ready may be more amenable to acceptance if social and financial circumstances are deemed adequate. Multiparas, on the other hand, who feel they have more children than they want may not be abl to overcome feelings of rejection.

1984, Regina P. Lederman, “Anxiety and Conflict in Pregnancy: Relationship to Maternal Health Status”, in Harriet H[elen] Werley, Joyce J. Fitzpatrick, editors, Annual Review of Nursing Research, volume 2, New York, N.Y.: Springer Publishing Company, →ISBN, →ISSN, →OCLC, part I (Research on Nursing Practice), page 35:

In the primigravida, particularly the heifer and bitch, it is often found that the cause of the dystocia is relatively simple, such as a slight fetomaternal disproportion, and the application of a little assistance is all that is required.

2009, David Noakes, “The Approach to an Obstetric Case”, in David E. Noakes, Timothy J. Parkinson, Gary C. W. England, editors, Veterinary Reproduction and Obstetrics, 9th edition, Edinburgh, London: Saunders Elsevier, →ISBN, pages 223–224:

A 24-year-old primigravida presents for routine ultrasound at 20 weeks gestation. Based on the ultrasound findings, the patient is diagnosed with twin boys.

2012, Karen M. Schneider, Stephen K. Patrick, “Maternal–Fetal Physiology and Placentation”, in Obstetrics and Gynecology: PreTest™ Self-assessment and Review (PreTest), 13th edition, McGraw-Hill Medical, →ISBN, page 39:

(obstetrics, veterinary medicine) A woman or female animal who is pregnant for the first time, or who has been pregnant once.

primigràvida

woman who is pregnant for the first time, or who has been pregnant once


heteromorph

From hetero- + -morph, see heteromorphic.

The histial ridge of the heteromorphs is comparatively wide, especially in the anteroventral part, and forms a wide, open cavity —the histial dolon.

1971, Oleg Stepanovich Vi︠a︡lov, Fossil Ostracoda, page 15:

(zoology) An ammonite whose shell is unusual in not being a regular spiral.


acanthopt

From translingual Acanthopteri (a genus of fish).

(ichthyology) A member of the taxonomic superorder of fish, Acanthopterygii.


acanthosoma

en-noun

acanthosoma (plural acanthosomas or acanthosomata)

acanthosomas (plural)
acanthosomata (plural)

From acantho- (“spiny”) + -soma (“one having such a body”).


acanthostyle

From acantho- (“spine”) + style (“animal part felt to resemble a pillar”).

prefix

(zoology) A spicule with tiny spines from monaxon sponges.


scopeloid

en-adj

scopeloid (comparative more scopeloid, superlative most scopeloid)

more scopeloid (comparative)
most scopeloid (superlative)

(zoology, dated) Relating to fishes of the former genus Scopelus, or the former family Scopelidae, including many lanternfish.


scopeloid

(zoology, dated) Any fish of the former family Scopelidae.


mylodon

From the genus name, from Ancient Greek μύλη (múlē, “mill”) + -odon.

(zoology) Any of the extinct genus †Mylodon of giant ground sloths of Patagonia.


edental

Coined by English philosopher and historian of science William Whewell in 1840, as both an adjective and noun.

coin

(zoology, obsolete) Synonym of edentate.


serpula

(zoology) Any of numerous species of tubicolous annelids of the genus Serpula and allied genera of the family Serpulidae that secrete a calcareous tube, usually irregularly contorted, but sometimes spirally coiled, with a wreath of plumelike and often bright-colored gills around its head, and usually an operculum to close the aperture of its tube when it retracts.


caliculate

en-adj

caliculate (comparative more caliculate, superlative most caliculate)

more caliculate (comparative)
most caliculate (superlative)


podophthalmous

(archaic, zoology) stalk-eyed (said formerly of crustaceans in the former group Podophthalmia)


porcellaneous

porcellaneous (comparative more porcellaneous, superlative most porcellaneous)

more porcellaneous (comparative)
most porcellaneous (superlative)
porcelaneous (alternative)

porcellaneous content

(zoology) Having a smooth, compact shell without pores; said of certain Foraminifera.


actinula

From Ancient Greek ἀκτίς (aktís, “ray”) (genitive ἀκτῖνος (aktînos)) + -ula.

(zoology) A kind of larva of certain hydroids (Tubularia).


potamian

Ancient Greek ποτᾰ́μιος (potắmios, “of or from a river”), from ποτᾰμός (potămós, “river”).

uder

(zoology, dated) A softshell turtle (family Trionychidae)


trebouxoid

en-adj

trebouxoid (comparative more trebouxoid, superlative most trebouxoid)

more trebouxoid (comparative)
most trebouxoid (superlative)


muticous

muticous (comparative more muticous, superlative most muticous)

more muticous (comparative)
most muticous (superlative)

Latin muticus, for mutilus. See mutilate.

(botany, zoology) Without a point or pointed end; blunt.


scleroderm

Ancient Greek σκληρόδερμος (sklēródermos, “with hard skin”); by surface analysis, sclero- + -derm.

uder

σκληρόδερμος

(zoology, obsolete) One of a tribe of plectognath fishes (Sclerodermi) having the skin covered with hard scales, or plates, such as the cowfish and trunkfish.

(zoology, obsolete) One of the Sclerodermata; a madrepore.


muraenoid

en-adj

muraenoid (comparative more muraenoid, superlative most muraenoid)

more muraenoid (comparative)
most muraenoid (superlative)
murenoid (alternative)

(zoology) Belongingto the moray eels (genus Muraena) or others in family Muraenidae.


amphicoelous

amphicoelous (comparative more amphicoelous, superlative most amphicoelous)

more amphicoelous (comparative)
most amphicoelous (superlative)
amphicœlous (alternative)

From Ancient Greek ἀμφίκοιλος (amphíkoilos, “hollowed on both sides”). By surface analysis, amphi- + -coelous.

lbor

amphicoelous centrum

amphicoelous vertebra

amphicoelous surface

(zoology, of vertebrae) Having both ends concave; biconcave.


epimeron

From Ancient Greek ἐπι- (epi-, “upon”) + μέρος (méros, “a part”).

prefix

(zoology) In crustaceans, the part of the side of a somite external to the basal joint of each appendage.


entomostracean

(zoology, dated) Any of the Entomostraca, a historical subclass of crustaceans.


tetrodon

tetrodons (plural)
tetradont (alternative)

(zoology) Any of numerous species of plectognath fishes belonging to Tetraodon and allied genera.


trochilus

en-noun

trochilus (plural trochiluses or trochili)

From Latin trochilus (“a kind of small bird”), from Ancient Greek τροχίλος (trokhílos), from τρέχω (trékhō, “to run”).

bor

(zoology) Any member of the hummingbird genus Trochilus.


choana

Borrowing from New Latin choana, from Ancient Greek χοᾰ́νη (khoắnē, “funnel”), from χέω (khéō, “to pour”) + -ᾰ́νη (-ắnē, suffix for utensil names).

af

The choanal glands of caecilians open at the margin of the choanae, whereas those of salamanders open deep within the choanae at the margin of the olfactory epithelium.

1986, William E. Duellman, Biology of Amphibians, page 409:

Zuckerkandl (1893) gives far and away the greatest measurements for the choanae; Hopmann (1895) reported that in man the choana has a mean height of 27 mm, and a mean width of 13 mm (Merkel, 1896); in women it measures 25 x 12mm. These values agree closely with our findings.

1989, Johannes Lang, translated by P. M. Stell, Clinical Anatomy of the Nose, Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses, page 103:

Inside of this area it is possible to identify clearly two parallel echonegative zones, which belong to the nasal cavities (choanas) and are placed on both sides of a medial structure, considerably echogenic, which corresponds to nasal bridge (Fig. 2.12.)

2006, José María Carrera, Asim Kurjak, Donald School: Atlas of Clinical Application of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology, India: Jaypee Brothers, page 14:

The bony rim of the posterior choana is located by passing the 4-mm microdebrider blade through the posterior ethmoids and into the nasopharynx. The tip of the microdebrider blade is pushed against the mucosa just above the bony choanae on the anterior face of the sphenoid.

2008, Peter-John Wormald, Endoscopic Sinus Surgery, 2nd edition, page 111:

(anatomy, zootomy) A pair of apertures towards the back of the nasal cavity, opening into the nasopharynx.


baguet

(architecture, zoology) Alternative form of baguette.


endectocide

Blend of endoparasite + ectoparasite + -cide

blend

(veterinary medicine) An antiparasitic drug that is active both against endoparasites and against ectoparasites.


debranchiate

If this is the significance of septa in the nautilus, the same must be said of all nautiloid shells, and the families of Ammonites and Orthoceratites; and as the structure of the phragmacone of Belemnites is essentially similar, it must also be applied to such debranchiate shells as are chambered.

1864 October, Harry Seeley, “On the Septa and Siphuncles of Cephalopod Shells”, in The Quarterly Journal of Science, I, № iv, page 761/2:

One was wholly debranchiate, the other had but one gill plume remaining.

1934, Natural History Report: Zoology VII, British Museum, page 144

Sectioned buccal masses of several debranchiate cephalopods prepared by Mrs. von Boletzky were studied with the help of S. von Boletzky at the Laboratoire Arago in Banyuls-sur-Mer.

1988, Jost Wiedmann and Jürgen Kullmann (editors), Cephalopods Present and Past: Otto Heinrich Schindewolf Symposium, Tübingen 1985 (2nd International Cephalopod Symposium), E. Schweizerbart’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung (10) (13), page 676


tubularian

(zoology) Any hydroid belonging to the former suborder Tubularida (cnidarians).


illoricated

(zoology) Not loricated; lacking a hard shell.


meral

Stomatopods signal mood, intention and – perhaps – much else with subtle changes in posture, as well as their impressive markings, which in many species include a pair of meral spots that can look like giant eyes.

2012, Caspar Henderson, The Book of Barely Imagined Beings, Granta Books, published 2013, page 103:

(zoology) Pertaining to the merus or meropodite.


pristella

(zoology) A fish, Pristella maxillaris (the only species in its genus).


astropecten

(zoology) Any of the genus Astropecten of sea stars.


dungfly

dungflies (plural)
dung fly (alternative)
dung-fly (alternative)

From dung + fly, from its typical food source.

(zoology) A two-winged fly of the genus Scathophaga.


gymnotiform

(zoology) Belonging to the Gymnotiformes.


gymnotiform

(zoology) Any member of the Gymnotiformes.


rotaliid

(zoology) Any foraminiferan of the order Rotaliida


myopsid

(zoology) Any squid of the order Myopsida or suborder Myopsina.


nummulitid

(zoology) Any foraminifer in the family Nummulitidae.


pilargid

(zoology) Any polychaete worm of the family Pilargidae.


capitellid

(zoology) Any polychaete worm of the family Capitellidae.


productid

(zoology) Any member of the Productidae.


alcyonarian

(zoology) Any of the Alcyonaria, a subclass of the Anthozoa.


Carolina dog

After the Carolinas, where the dogs were first discovered or rediscovered in the modern era.

(zoology) A type of dog, thought to have reached the North American continent before Europeans (and European dogs), which has a fawn, black, white, or piebald coat and which naturally roams the cypress swamps of the Carolinas, but may be domesticated.


labyrinth organ

en-noun

labyrinth organ (plural labyrinth organs)

The labyrinth organ may work a bit like a lung, but it is an entirely different solution to the problem of how to remove oxygen from air.[…]The labyrinth organ is an effective adaptation to low-oxygen habitats.

2002, Gary Elson, Oliver Lucanus, Gouramies and Other Labyrinth Fishes, page 6:

The labyrinth organ fills most of the opercular cavity and is positioned behind and above the gill chamber and extends into the suprabranchial space; hence the name suprabranchial organ.

2008, Tim M. Berra, Freshwater Fish Distribution, page 480:

Anesthesia of fish with labyrinth organs (bettas, some gouramis, etc.) should be approached with caution. Owing to the unique anatomy of the labyrinth organ (enables fish to breathe atmospheric oxygen) and the gills of these fish (thick lamellae and ecreased lamellar surface area), it is possible to "drown" the fish if an overdose of an anesthetic agent is given.

2012, Helen E. Roberts, “MS 222 Anesthesia”, in Jörg Mayer, Thomas M. Donnelly, editors, Clinical Veterinary Advisor: Birds and Exotic Pets, page 513:

(zoology) An organ common to fish of the suborder Anabantoidei that enables them to breathe air.


labyrinth fish

labyrinth fish (plural labyrinth fish or labyrinth fishes)

labyrinth fish (plural)
labyrinth fishes (plural)

From labyrinth + fish; see also labyrinth organ.

Labyrinth fish have another peculiarity, in that all the internal organs are compressed into the front part of the body, so that the rear of the body contains only the spine and muscles.[…]Labyrinth fish are nearly all predatory, and many are unsuitable for the community tank.

1995, Brian Ward, The Aquarium Fish Survival Manual, page 114:

Labyrinth fish belong to different but related families of fish; they live in southwestern Africa and throughout much of southern and eastern Asia.

2001, Marshall Cavendish Corporation, Aquatic Life of the World, volume 5, page 288:

Labyrinth fishes (Anabantoidei) are grouped into three families (Osphronemidae, Helostomatidae, and Anabantidae) within the teleost Order Perciformes.[…]Labyrinth fishes form a natural (monophyletic) group of teleost fishes, the Suborder Anabantoidei.

2009, S. Blair Hedges, Sudhir Kumar, editors, The Timetree of Life, page 344:

Labyrinth fish are nest builders, and the males maintain the nest and incubate the eggs.

2010, Beth Vanhorn, Robert W. Clark, Veterinary Assisting Fundamentals & Applications, page 2017:

(zoology) Any fish that has a labyrinth organ, a fish of the suborder Anabantoidei, an anabantoid.


mesaxonic

From meso- + Ancient Greek ἄξων (áxōn, “axis”) + -ic.

af

(zoology) Having an enlarged middle digit that forms the axis of the foot.

mésaxonique

having an enlarged middle digit that forms the axis of the foot


homochromia

Lastly, the same holds good of mimetic parasitism; for at the climax of that process we have the elaborate imitation of the living organism, then of its cadaver or its excreta, till, finally, we arrive at homochromia, that is, the adoption by certain animals of the prevailing colour of their environment.

1895, Jean Massart & Émile Vandervelde, Parasitism, Organic and Social (trans. William Macdonald and J. Arthur Thomson), Swan Sonnenschein & Co. Limited (1895), pages 16-17

Mimetic homochromia consists not only of imitation of the colour and texture of the environment or of other spp (animal or plant), but also involves Imitation of their behaviour, immobility being the best known example, especially in otherwise conspicuous spp.

1975, Animal Behaviour Abstracts, volume 3, page 201:

[…] I mean, butterflies are good at make-believe, too…. What are homochromia and dissuasive livery, if not artistic lies? Like the Caligo prometheus, who proclaims to his enemies, "I'm the head of an owl, I'm gonna eat you!" Or the Samia cynthia, which looks like a dreadful dragon! Pride of our species, my eye."

2000, Nancy Huston, Prodigy, McArthur & Company, →ISBN, page 55:

(zoology, rare) The use, by an organism, of the same colour as its background or other form of camouflage as a means of protection.


globigerinid

(zoology) Any of the Globigerinida (a synonym of the Globigerinina), a rotaliid suborder of foraminiferans found as marine plankton.


wingbase

(zoology) The part of the body where a wing is attached.


snakeline

(zoology) The elongated, sinuous body-shape associated with snakes.


digit

From Middle English digit, from Latin digitus (“a fingerbreadth; a number”). Doublet of digitus and dedo.

bit

position in a sequence of numerals, symbol in a positional number system

The ruminants have the cloven foot, i.e. two hoofed digits on each foot.

1866, Richard Owen, Anatomy of Vertebrates:

(zoology) Similar or similar-looking structures in other animals.


ptilinum

Borrowed from New Latin ptilīnum, itself an adaptation of the French ptiline.

As for the structure of the ptilinum itself, Strickland (1953) reported that the ptilina of Conopidae 'are voluminous and represent the most rugged type of ptilinum which we have encountered'.

1972, Graham C. D. Griffiths, The Phylogenetic Classification of Diptera Cyclorrhapha, page 243:

1980, Stuart E. Reynolds, Integration of Behaviour and Physiology in Ecdysis, Michael J. Berridge, J. E. Treherne, Vincent Brian Wigglesworth, Advances in Insect Physiology, Volume 15, page 500,
Certainly, the ptilinum, a special eversible sac on the head which is evidently a "hatching" structure, is instrumental in causing the puparium to crack along its line of weakness, a longitudinal line around the anterior end, which meets a circular line extending around the anterior margin of what was the 4th visible segment of the larvae cuticle (Laing, 1935).

The suture is of the nature of an extremely narrow slit, along the margins of which the wall of the head is invaginated to form a membranous sac or ptilinum, and the walls of the latter are seen to consist of the same layers as the integument.[…]The purpose of the ptilinum is to thrust off the anterior end of the puparium at a time when the contained imago is ready to emerge and to force the fly through soil, etc. (Fraenkel, 1936).

1994, Augustus Daniel Imms, R. Richard Gareth Davies, Owain Westmacott Richards, Imms’ General Textbook of Entomology, volume 1, page 953:

Push through the ground is accompanied by and partially brought about by alternate eversion and retraction of the blood-filled sac at the anterior end of the head — the ptilinum.[…]When the fly appears above ground, no resistance is felt by the ptilinum, and signals cease to be received by the sensory nerve fibers.

2004, D.R. Khanna, Advanced Embryology, page 55:

(zoology, entomology) A bladder-like pouch on the head of schizophoran flies that by expanding enables the fly to emerge from its puparium.

ptiline

bladder-like pouch on the head of some flies


eurybathic

en-adj

eurybathic (comparative more eurybathic, superlative most eurybathic)

more eurybathic (comparative)
most eurybathic (superlative)

(zoology) Able to live at different depths of water.


lysianassoid

(zoology) Any crustacean of the family Lysianassidae.


peracarid

(zoology) Any crustacean of the superorder Peracarida.


tricornute

(zoology) Having three horn-like processes.


subcrenate

(botany, zoology) Having a notched or scalloped margin


silky lacewing

The beautiful silky lacewings (Psychopsidae) have their headquarters in Australia, where some 12 species have been described.

1983, Grolier Society of Australia, The Australian Encyclopaedia, volume 6, page 45:

Psychopsidae, the silky lacewings, is clearly the most plesiomorphic family of the superfamily, with 26 species conforming to an early Gondwanan distribution in South Africa, Australia, and parts of Asia.

1997, Charles S. Henry, “11: Modern mating systems in archaic Holometabola: sexuality in neuropterid insects”, in Jae C. Choe, Bernard J. Crespi, editors, The Evolution of Mating Systems in Insects and Arachnids, page 204:

The suborder consists of five extant families; the Psychopsidae (silky lacewings), Nemopteridae (spoon- or thread- winged lacewings), Nymphidae (split-footed lacewings), Myrmeleontidae (antlions), and Ascalaphidae (owlflies).

2005, David Grimaldi, Evolution of the Insects, page 342:

(zoology) Any insect of the family Psychopsidae.


gonarcus

The gonarcus (fig. 5) is situated internally between the anal segment and the ninth sternite.

1961, Agricultural Experiment Station, Bulletin A, page 49:

1988, Neuroptera International, Volume 5 - Volume 7, Issue 2, page 60,
Its shape is related to the structure of the gonarcus-parameres complex and of the coaptation structures which exist between this complex and the subgenital plate.

Defining features of the Neuroptera include the association of the ninth gonocoxites with the gonarcus and the peculiar sucking-mandibulate mouthparts of the larvae (U. Aspock et al., 2001).

2005, David Grimaldi, Evolution of the Insects, page 341:

(zoology) An arched structure that is a principal feature of the male genitalia of some insects.


ricochetal

(zoology) Composed of a series of ricochets (or a fast succession of hops).


Utonagan

(zoology) A large dog of a breed resembling wolves, bred from the Alaskan Malamute, Siberian Husky, and German Shepherd, and related to the Northern Inuit Dog.


Karelian Bear Dog

en-noun

Karelian Bear Dog (plural Karelian Bear Dogs)

(zoology) A large hunting dog of a breed originating in Finland or Karelia.


conchostracan

(zoology) Any clam shrimp of the former order Conchostraca.


haptor

(zoology) A complex organ (having hooks and suckers) in some parasitic worms.


sacculinization

From Sacculina (“barnacle”) and -ization.

(zoology) A process in which parasites evolve to lose sense organs and become simpler organisms.


gekkotan

(zoology) Any member of the Gekkota infraorder of reptiles, the geckos.


scincomorph

Clipping of translingual Scincomorpha, likely from skink -o- translingual -morpha

clipping

translingual <i class="Latn mention" lang="mul">Scincomorpha</i>

(zoology) Any member of the Scincomorpha.


strigiform

There's still something boyish about Muldoon, and still something birdlike; strigiform.

2001 May 12, Robert Potts, “The poet at play”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:

(zoology) Belonging to the order Strigiformes of owls.


clitellate

(zoology) Any annelid worm of the class Clitellata.


palynivore

/pəˈlɪnəvɔːɹ/

From Ancient Greek παλύνω (palúnō, “I sprinkle or scatter”) (from πάλη (pálē, “fine meal, dust”)) + -vore.

uder

(zoology) Any organism that feeds on pollen; a pollinivore.


stoloniferan

(zoology) Any octocoral of the suborder Stolonifera.


pariah dog

pariah dogs (plural)
pariah (alternative)

Ultimately from Sanskrit पर (para, “distant; outsider, stranger”).

der

Indian pariah dog
Indian pariah dog#English

(zoology) Ellipsis of Indian pariah dog, a breed indigenous to India.

(zoology) Synonym of pye-dog: a half-wild stray dog, particularly in Indian contexts.


pelt rot

(veterinary medicine, obsolete) A disease affecting the hair or wool of an animal.


apodiform

(zoology) Belonging to the order Apodiformes, including swifts and hummingbirds.


narcomedusan

(zoology) Of or relating to the Narcomedusae.


notosuchian

suffix

translingual <i class="Latn mention" lang="mul">Notosuchia</i>

(zoology) A member of the Notosuchia, a suborder of primarily Gondwanan mesoeucrocodylian crocodylomorphs that lived during the Cretaceous period.


folivorous

Finally, if muriquis are strongly folivorous, they should conserve energy expenditure by using a relatively small area with just enough leaf sources to meet their nutritional needs, and devote a large proportion of their day to resting.

1992, Karen B. Strier, Faces in the Forest: The Endangered Muriqui Monkeys of Brazil:


prophy

(informal, veterinary medicine) Cleaning and polishing of an animal's teeth.


percopsiform

(zoology) Any fish of the order Percopsiformes


modiolid

(zoology) Any in the genus Modiolus of mussels.


nectarivore

Insects visiting flowers of H. spinosa can be divided into two guilds: nectarivores (small flies and ants) and pollinivores (bees and hoverflies), which differ in pollination attributes.

1999, Ecology Abstracts, volume 25, Bethesda, Md.: Cambridge Scientific Abstracts, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 107:

During the same time that A[pis] m[ellifera] adansonii encounters on flowers were registered, we noted the type of floral products collected by this bee. This parameter was measured to determine if A. m. adansonii is strictly a pollinivore, nectarivore or pollinivore and nectarivore. This could give us an idea of its implication as a cross-pollinator of G[ossypium] hirsutum.

2015, Mazi Sanda, “Foraging and Pollination Behaviour of Apis mellifera adansonii Latreille (Hymenoptera, Apidae) on Gossypium hirsutum L. (Malvaceae) Flowers at Dang (Naoundere, Cameroon)”, in Michel Fok, Ousmane Ndoye, Siaka Koné, editors, AGRAR-2013: 1st Conference of African Research on Agriculture, Food, and Nutrition. Yamoussoukro, Côte d'Ivoire, June 4–6, 2013. Agriculture and the Challenges of Food and Nutrition in Africa: The Contributions of Research in the Cotton Zone = AGRAR-2013 : 1re conférence de la recherche africaine sur l'agriculture, l'alimentation et la nutrition. Yamoussoukro, Côte d'Ivoire, 4–6 juin 2013. L'agriculture face aux défis de l'alimentation et de la nutrition en Afrique : quels apports de la recherche dans les pays cotonniers, Gembloux, Belgium: Les Presses Agronomiques de Gembloux, →ISBN, page 164:

(zoology) An animal that principally eats nectar.


acanthin

(zoology, dated) strontium sulfate, the main constituent of the skeletons of the Acantharea


entoproct

(zoology) Any member of the phylum Entoprocta, mostly sessile aquatic animals.


gnathostomulid

(zoology) Any member of the Gnathostomulida, the phylum of jaw worms. They are nearly microscopic marine animals that inhabit sand and mud beneath shallow coastal waters.


uniramian

(zoology) Any member of the Uniramia, a group of arthropods.


actinopod

(zoology) Any member of the variously ranked group Actinopoda of protozoa.


carcinization

term-label

(American spelling, Oxford British English)

/ˌkɑːsɪnɪˈzeɪʃn̩/

From Ancient Greek καρκῐ́νος (karkĭ́nos, “crab”) + English -ization (suffix forming nouns denoting the act, process, or result of doing or making something), coined by British zoologist Lancelot Alexander Borradaile (1872–1945) in a 1916 report: see the quotation.

der

[page 121] Porcellanopagurus is a quite independent case of the phenomenon which may be called "carcinization," and which consists essentially in a reduction of the abdomen of a macrurous crustacean, together with a depression and broadening of its cephalothorax, so that the animal assumes the general habit of body of a crab. [...] [page 125] It may be doubted whether the conditions of life play any part other than a purely permissive one in the realization of the tendency to carcinization. [...] The tendency to carcinization, emerging independently from time to time, has led in each case to different habits, but the obligation to the change must have lain always within, not without the obligation.

1916, L[ancelot] A[lexander] Borradaile, Crustacea. Part II.—Porcellanopagurus: An Instance of Carcinization (British Museum (Natural History); British Antarctic (“Terra Nova”) Expedition, 1910, Natural History Report; Zoology; vol. III, no. 3), London: […] Trustees of the British Museum; […], →OCLC, pages 121 and 125:

[L]arval forms of the two groups [hermit crabs and king crabs] are remarkably alike; and carcinization (the evolution of crablike features) appears to have been a recurring theme in hermit crab evolution under ecological circumstances where the shells of gastropod snails are of limited availability (as for example in the deep sea).

1994, John C[harles] Avise, “Species Phylogenies and Macroevolution”, in Molecular Markers, Natural History and Evolution, Boston, Mass., Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, published 2001, →ISBN, part II (Application), page 309:

Presumably, to become a "true crab" requires that a reptant decapod undergo carcinization (Borradaile, 1916) or brachyurization (Števcic, 1971). Although the two terms appear here to be synonymous, we believe that not all authors who have employed "carcinization" or "brachyurization" have had quite the same phenomenon in mind. For example, Martin & Abele (1986) defined carcinization as the reduction and folding of the abdomen beneath the thorax, whereas Sluys (1992) used carcinization to mean the evolution of a crab-like appearance as in lithodids. To Blackstone (1989) hermit crabs became carcinized through broadening of the carapace and reduced shell-inhabiting. In this first component we address anomuran carcinization only from the perspective of adult morphology.

1997 January, Patsy A. McLaughlin, Rafael Lemaitre, “Carcinization in the Anomura – Fact or Fiction?: I. Evidence from Adult Morphology”, in Contributions to Zoology, volume 67, number 2, Amsterdam: SPB Academic Publishing, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2018-12-12, page 79, column 2:

It seems certain that carcinisation, return to a crab-like habitus, has evolved several times in the Anomura.

2004, Gary C. B. Poore, “Anomura – Hermit Crabs, Porcelain Crabs and Squat Lobsters”, in Marine Decapod Crustacea of Southern Australia: A Guide to Identification, Collingwood, Vic.: CSIRO Publishing, →ISBN, page 215:

Three independent carcinization events are identified (in Lithodidae, Porcellanidae, and Lomisidae). [...] Such a scenario may seem unlikely owing to the complex characters involved, but if carcinization has multiple, independent origins, then adaptation to dextral shell habitation may also be plausible.

2009, Shane T[imothy] Ahyong, Kareen E. Schnabel, Elizabeth W. Maas, “Anomuran Phylogeny: New Insights from Molecular Data”, in Joel W. Martin, Keith A. Crandall, Darryl L. Felder, editors, Decapod Crustacean Phylogenetics (Crustacean Issues; 18), Boca Raton, Fla.: CRC Press, published 15 January 2015, →ISBN, abstract, page 399:

Porcellanids are, after brachyuran crabs, the most successful decapod group to achieve a crab-like body form through carcinisation. Unlike brachyurans, porcellanids retained the ability to swim by flapping their abdomen, armed with a well developed tail fan. Here, we present an exceptional case of carcinisation, with the South-American porcellanid, Allopetrolisthes spinifrons, an obligatory commensal of the sea-anemone species Phymactis papillosa and Phymanthea pluvia.

2010, Alexandra Hiller, Carlos Antonio Viviana, Bernd Werding, “Hypercarcinisation: An Evolutionary Novelty in the Commensal Porcellanid Allopetrolisthes spinifrons (Crustacea: Decapoda: Porcellanidae)”, in Nauplius^(https://web.archive.org/web/20120425232740/http://www.crustacea.org.br/artigos/728_25_18(1)_95-102_-_Hiller,_Viviani,_Werding.pdf), volume 18, number 1, São Paulo, Brazil: Sociedade Brasileira de Cancerologia, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2012-04-25, abstract, page 95:

Porcelain crabs (Galatheoidea: Porcellanidae) and the hairy stone crab (Lomisoidea: Lomisidae) are also highly carcinised. They represent two additional independent instances of carcinisation within the Anomura, although their derivation has received much less attention than that of the king crabs.

2011, Shane T[imothy] Ahyong, Kareen A. Schnabel, Enrique Macpherson, “Phylogeny and Fossil Record of Marine Squat Lobsters”, in Gary C. B. Poore, Shane T. Ahyong, Joanne Taylor, editors, The Biology of Squat Lobsters, Collingwood, Vic.: CSIRO Publishing; Boca Raton, Fla.: CRC Press, →ISBN, page 78, column 1:

convergent evolution
convergent evolution

(evolutionary theory, zoology) The convergent evolution of decapod crustaceans from forms dissimilar to true crabs into similar forms.

Contributions to Zoology
Lancelot Alexander Borradaile


trab

(zoology) A structural element within a sponge, formed by the fusion of dendroclones.


mesogastropod

(zoology) Any member of the Mesogastropoda, a former taxonomic group of snails.


rufoferruginous

en-adj

rufoferruginous (comparative more rufoferruginous, superlative most rufoferruginous)

more rufoferruginous (comparative)
most rufoferruginous (superlative)


adultoid

An adultoid is a mature alate that remains in the colony, sheds its wings and becomes a functional reproductive.

2002, V. M. Uys, A guide to the termite genera of Southern Africa, page 6:

(zoology) A premature adult form of an insect.


acousticolateralis

(ichthyology) A system of hearing and vibration detection in fishes.


isodont

The isodont arrangement is typical of the oysters and scallops.

(zoology) Having hinge teeth with lateral tubercles and sockets on either side of a thick ligament (the resilium).


isodont

(zoology) Any organism with teeth of equal length.


capture myopathy

(veterinary medicine) An often fatal stress-induced myopathy affecting captured wild animals.


dental formula

en-noun

dental formula (plural dental formulas or dental formulae)

dental formulas (plural)
dental formulae (plural)

(anatomy, dentistry, zoology) A brief notation used by zoologists to denote the number and type of teeth of a mammal.


carpal angle

(zoology) The angle at the last joint of the folded wing of a bird.


heliconiine

(zoology) Of or relating to the Heliconian butterflies.


paroral

(zoology) In the region of the mouth (of a ciliate).


cetothere

(zoology) Any of various cetotheriids of genera considered to be Cetotheriidae sensu lato.


zoothecium

From zoo- + Ancient Greek θήκη (thḗkē, “sheath”) + -ium.

af

(zoology) The outer layer of certain protozoans.


euthycarcinoid

(zoology) Any of the Euthycarcinoidea, a group of enigmatic, possibly amphibious arthropods that ranged from Cambrian to Triassic times.


glossophagine

(zoology) Of or relating to the Glossophaginae, a subfamily of leaf-nosed bats.


macrophagous

(zoology) That feeds on relatively large particles or prey.


thelyphonid

(zoology) Any member of the arachnid order Thelyphonida.


oniscidean

Nevertheless, these studies strongly suggest that arginine is not an essential amino acid in oniscideans.

1995, Patrick J. Walsh, Patricia A. Wright, Nitrogen Metabolism and Excretion, page 112:

The oniscidean digestive system has been extensively studied and well described in both slaters and sowbugs (Hames and Hopkin 1989; Štrus et al. 1995).[…]Frequent moulting is an important characteristic of juvenile and adult oniscideans and is related to growth, renewal of the cuticle and reproduction in mature females.

2006, Rok Kostanjšek, Jasna Štrus, Aleš Lapanje, Gorazd Avguštin, Maja Rupnik, Damjana Drobne, “5: Intestinal Microbiota of Terrestrial Isopods”, in Helmut König, Ajit Varma, editors, Intestinal Microorganisms of Termites and Other Invertebrates, page 116:

Some oniscideans, which are ordinarily terrestrial, have re-invaded the continental saline waters (e.g. Haloniscus searlei) or even normal freshwater (e.g. Trichoniscidae and Styloniscidae).

2008, George D. F. Wilson, Global diversity of Isopod crustaceans (Crustacea; Isopoda) in freshwater:

(zoology) Any of the terrestrial isopod crustaceans of suborder Oniscidea; a woodlouse.

synonyms at woodlouse

(any species of suborder Oniscidea): woodlouse


unicate

Dead inflorescences and infructescences are well worth collecting if no fresh material is available or if fresh material is only sufficient for a unicate or one duplicate.

1986, John Dransfield, “A guide to collecting palms”, in Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, volume 73, number 1, page 167:

Each collection, which may be a unicate or several specimens as duplicates in several herbaria, constitutes a record in the Conifer Database.

2013, Aljos Farjon, Denis Filer, An Atlas of the World's Conifers: An Analysis of their Distribution, Biogeography, Diversity and Conservation Status, Koninklijke Brill, →ISBN, page 3:

(botany, zoology) A biological specimen that has no duplicates.


dentulous

The teeth of such of the reptiles as are dentulous, are simple organs of prehension, and not intended for mastication.

1874 June, W. C. Barrett, "The Anatomical and Histological Structure of Deciduous Teeth," Transactions of the Dental Society of the State of New York, p. 121 (Google preview)

No dentulous jaws of multituberculates found in deposits of Early Cretaceous age have yet been described.

1979, William A. Clemens and Zofia Kielan-Jaworowska, "Multituberculata," in Jason A. Lillegraven et al. (eds.), Mesozoic Mammals, p. 112 (Google preview)

Edentulous patients with an atrophic mandible require a different plating strategy than dentulous patients who have a greater amount of bone.

2011, K. J. Lee, Elizabeth H. Toh, editors, Otolaryngology: A Surgical Notebook, →ISBN, page 71:

(usually medicine or zoology) Having natural teeth.


zeuzerine

(zoology) Of or relating to the subfamily Zeuzerinae.


brunneous

en-adj

brunneous (comparative more brunneous, superlative most brunneous)

more brunneous (comparative)
most brunneous (superlative)

Borrowed from Medieval Latin brunneus (“brown”), derived from Proto-Germanic *brūnaz (“brown”).


rufobrunneous

rufobrunneous (comparative more rufobrunneous, superlative most rufobrunneous)

more rufobrunneous (comparative)
most rufobrunneous (superlative)

(zoology) Of a dark reddish-brown colour.


postmentum

(zoology) The basal part of the labium in insects.


gnathochilarium

/ˌneɪ.θəʊˌkaɪˈlɛəɹi.əm/

(zoology) A lower lip to the buccal cavity in certain insects.


coxosternite

(zoology) A basal plate making up the maxillae in some insects or the first pair of legs of Chilopoda, formed from the fused coxae of each leg plus the ventral body plate, the sternite.


maxillula

(zoology) Either of the first pair of maxillae in crustaceans.


orbitolinid

(zoology) Any foraminifer in the family Orbitolinidae.


orthonectid

(zoology) Any of the Orthonectida, a small phylum of parasites of marine invertebrates.


dry bite

(zoology) A bite by a venomous animal in which no venom is released.


opilionid

(zoology) Any of the harvestmen/daddy longlegs in the order Opiliones.


pantothere

(zoology) Any of the Pantotheria, a (now abandoned) taxon of Mesozoic mammals.


ophidiiform

(zoology) Any ray-finned fish of the order Ophidiiformes


hemibranch

(zoology) In fishes, either of the two rows of gill filaments that form a gill arch.


holobranch

(zoology) A pair of hemibranchs on the same gill arch.


micromammal

(zoology) Any very small mammal (such as a shrew or mouse)


circummundane

(chiefly zoology) Existing throughout the world.


megadrile

(zoology, obsolete) A terrestrial oligochaete (worm of the superorder Megadrilacea in class Oligochaeta)


chloragogen cell

en-noun

chloragogen cell (plural chloragogen cells)

(zoology) A cell in annelids, with a similar function to the liver


chactid

This character persisted in the literature despite the knowledge of chactids that do not have two pairs of lateral eyes and of vaejovids that do not have three pairs.

1990, Gary A. Polis, The Biology of Scorpions, page 103:

(zoology) Any scorpion in the family Chactidae.


axanthism

(zoology) Absence of yellow pigmentation.


odonatan

(zoology) Any member of the Odonata (dragonflies etc.).


xenarthral

/zəˈnɑɹθɹəl/

From Ancient Greek. See Xenarthra, xen-, and arthro- for more.


gorgonopsian

(zoology) Any member of the extinct suborder Gorgonopsia of therapsid synapsids.


nominotypical

Motacilla alba alba is the nominotypical subspecies of the white wagtail (Motacilla alba).

(zoology, botany) Of a subspecies: nominate, having a name which repeats the species name, designating that it represents the originally described population.

Four species of the nominotypical subgenus are positively recorded from America north of Mexico... [referring to Physonota (Physonota) arizonae and three other species]

2002, Ross H. Arnett, JR, Michael C. Thomas, Paul E. Skelley, J. Howard Frank, American Beetles, Volume II, page 646:

(zoology, botany) Of a subgenus or other infrageneric taxon: having a name which repeats the genus name, indicating that it includes the type species. For older botanical subgeneric and sectional names, it is sometimes prefixed with Eu-.


cercomonad

(zoology) A small flagellate of the order Cercomonadida, widespread in aqueous habitats and common in soils.


crithidial

(zoology) Of or relating to the Crithidia.


saimirine

(zoology) Of or relating to the Saimirinae.


spirurian

(zoology) Belonging to the nematode subclass Spiruria.


aspidospondyly

(zoology) The condition of having the centra of the vertebra arranged in separate ossifications.


holospondyly

(zoology) The condition of having the centra of the vertebra fused together.


inland taipan

(zoology) Oxyuranus microlepidotus, a highly venomous snake endemic to semiarid regions of central east Australia.


mutic

en-adj

mutic (comparative more mutic, superlative most mutic)

more mutic (comparative)
most mutic (superlative)

Tibiae frequently mutic and very distinctly more slender toward its apex.

1922, Burle Jackson Jones, The Wing Veins of Insects, volume 1, page 202:

(zoology, dated) Lacking certain defensive structures, such as spines or claws.


rufofuscous

rufofuscous (comparative more rufofuscous, superlative most rufofuscous)

more rufofuscous (comparative)
most rufofuscous (superlative)


etheostomatine

(zoology) Belonging to the Etheostomatinae.


premolt

en-verb

premolt (third-person singular simple present premolts, present participle premolting, simple past and past participle premolted)

premolts (present singular third-person)
premolting (participle present)
premolted (participle past)
premolted (past)

(biology, zoology) To undergo the period prior to an animal molting its exoskeleton, shell, skin, etc.


beryciform

(zoology) Belonging to the Beryciformes, an order of ray-finned fishes


enoplid

(zoology) Any nematode in the order Enoplida.


pythiosis

(pathology, zoology) Infection by the mold Pythium insidiosum.


mastigophoran

(zoology) Any member of superclass Mastigophora of protozoa.


rotatorial

(zoology) Of or relating to the Rotatoria.


rotaliine

(zoology) Belonging or relating to the Rotaliina.


notopod

The notopods begin on the second or third segment and the neuropods are very variable in their segment of origin, being sometimes altogether absent from the anterior region.

1935, John Roxborough Norman, Coast Fishes: South Atlantic:

(zoology) In Latreille's system, a brachyurous decapod crustacean, such as a crab of the genera Homola, Dorippe, Dromia, Dynomene, Ranina.


narcomedusa

Some narcomedusae develop as parasitic stolons in or on other jellyfish species; young medusae are budded from these stolons.

2016, Lisa-Ann Gershwin, “Battering ram jellies”, in Jellyfish: A Natural History, page 84:

(zoology) Any of the Narcomedusae, an order of hydrozoans in the subclass Trachylinae.


mygalomorph

clipping

translingual <i class="Latn mention" lang="mul">Mygalomorphae</i>

(zoology) Any member of the infraorder Mygalomorphae of spiders with parallel, downward-running fangs.


aeroscepsy

From aero- + Ancient Greek σκέψις (sképsis, “a viewing, perception”), from σκέπτομαι (sképtomai, “consider”).

der

(zoology) The ability to perceive the state of the atmosphere.


agminal

en-adj

agminal (comparative more agminal, superlative most agminal)

more agminal (comparative)
most agminal (superlative)

From Latin agminālis, from agmen (“march, train”).


water-salamander

From water + salamander. Compare Dutch watersalamander (“newt”).

(zoology) Any salamander (Order Urodela) which habitually or permanently lives in water.


emys

From the translingual genus name Emys and its etymon, the Classical Latin emys, from the Ancient Greek ἐμύς (emús).

Certain Emydes…tend to the Sea-tortoises or Turtles…and yet exhibit characters peculiar to themselves.

1843, The Penny Cyclopædia of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge, XXV, page 57/2:

Remains of the elephant…the beaver, the emys…and goats.

1873, James Murdoch Geikie, The Great Ice Age and Its Relation to the Antiquity of Man, page 492, Appendix:

(zoology) Any member of the small Emys genus of freshwater pond tortoises.


sportive lemur

(zoology) Any of the lemurs in the genus Lepilemur.


rutting season

(zoology) The time of the year when certain animals mate.


clupeiform

(zoology) Belonging or relating to the order Clupeiformes of ray-finned fish, including herrings and anchovies


perichaetine

(zoology) Having many setae per segment, like earthworms of the genus Perichaeta.


cryptodire

(zoology) Any member of the Cryptodira, the taxonomic suborder of Testudines that includes most living tortoises and turtles.


dendrocolaptine

(zoology) Of or relating to the bird subfamily Dendrocolaptinae of woodcreepers.


zorapteran

(zoology) Any member of the insect order Zoraptera.


epitoke

(zoology) A pelagic morph capable of sexual reproduction.


jellycoat

(zoology) The gelatinous coating on an egg.


axiniform

axiniform (comparative more axiniform, superlative most axiniform)

more axiniform (comparative)
most axiniform (superlative)

(anatomy, zoology) Shaped like the head of an axe.


chiridian

They are all tetrapods–that is to say, vertebrates that possess (or their ancestors possessed) chiridian limbs (limbs with digits; fig. 1.1).

2012, Sebastien Steyer, Earth Before the Dinosaurs, page 1:

(zoology, rare) Of a tetrapod vertebrate limb, having well-defined joints and digits.


echinozoan

en-noun

echinozoan (plural echinozoa or echinozoans)

(zoology) Any echinoderm of the subphylum Echinozoa.


hyperoartian

(zoology) Any vertebrate of the class Hyperoartia


symmetrodont

clipping

translingual <i class="Latn mention" lang="mul">Symmetrodonta</i>

(zoology) Any Mesozoic mammal of the order Symmetrodonta


oxea

oxea (plural)
oxeas (plural)
oxeae (plural)

From Ancient Greek ὀξέᾱ (oxéā). Either from the Ionic form of Attic ὀξεῖᾰ (oxeîă), (a feminine form of ὀξῠ́ς (oxŭ́s, “sharp”) applied to ῥᾰ́βδος (rhắbdos, “wand; shaft”)) or a variant of ὀξῠ́ᾱ (oxŭ́ā), ὀξῠ́η (oxŭ́ē, “beech; spear-shaft”).

(zoology, of sponges (Porifera)) a monoaxial spicule which is pointed at both ends


medusozoan

(zoology) Any of the subphylum Medusozoa of jellyfish.


rhombozoan

(zoology) Any of the phylum Rhombozoa of tiny parasites found in the renal appendages of cephalopods.


basipodium

(zootomy) The carpus or tarsus of an animal or bird; the equivalent of the wrist or ankle in the human limbs


Mongolian death worm

en-noun

Mongolian death worm (plural Mongolian death worms)

(cryptozoology) A cryptid reported from the Gobi desert, said to be a large bright red worm capable of attacking with corrosive acid or electric discharge.


fistulous withers

It is now generally believed that fistulous withers are the result of a germ, probably picked up from the grass, although at one time they were thought to be caused by saddle or roller pressure.

1962, Catherine Harris, “Ailments”, in Practical Pony Keeping, London; Glagsow: Blackie, →OCLC, part 2 (Care of Your Pony), page 100:

The sooner fistulous withers is treated, the more likely that a cure is effected.

1997, Tony Pavord, Marcy Pavord, “Fistulous Withers”, in The Complete Equine Veterinary Manual: A Comprehensive and Instant Guide to Equine Health, Newton Abbot, Devon: David & Charles, published 1998, →ISBN, part III (A–Z of Diseases), page 154, column 2:

(veterinary medicine, pathology, equestrianism) Inflammation of the serous bursa of withers in horses which bursts outside, creating a fistula.


zeugopodium

zeugopodia (plural)
zeugopod (alternative)

From Ancient Greek ζεῦγος (zeûgos, “yoke, pair”) + -podium.

af

(zoology) The part of a limb corresponding to either a forearm or lower leg.


clupeomorph

(zoology) A member of the fish superorder Clupeomorpha.


ostariophysian

(zoology) A member of the fish superorder Ostariophysi.


osteolepiform

(zoology) Any extinct fish of the order Osteolepiformes


rhizocephalan

(zoology) Any member of the Rhizocephala.


rhipidoglossan

(zoology) Any member of the Rhipidoglossa.


varanine

(zoology) Of, or pertaining to, a monitor lizard.


varanine

(zoology) A monitor lizard; a member of the subfamily Varaninae.


planocraniid

(zoology) Any crocodylian of the family Planocraniidae.


ziphodont

From a scientific name Crocodilus ziphodon coined by Othniel Charles Marsh (1871). Apparently from an alteration of xipho- + -odont.

(zoology) Any organism with teeth of this kind.


ceratophyte

/ˈsɛɹətəʊfaɪt/

From cerato- (“horn”) + -phyte (“plant”).

(zoology) a type of coral polyp, the internal axis of which has the appearance of wood or horn.


strigulation

(zoology) The quality or state of being strigulated (very finely streaked); streaking.


strigulate

en-verb

strigulate (third-person singular simple present strigulates, present participle strigulating, simple past and past participle strigulated)

strigulates (present singular third-person)
strigulating (participle present)
strigulated (participle past)
strigulated (past)

From Latin strigulatus, from striga (“row, strip, swath”).

(zoology) To streak or stripe very finely; to make strigate or strigose; to cause to have strigulation.


strigulated

en-adj

strigulated (comparative more strigulated, superlative most strigulated)

more strigulated (comparative)
most strigulated (superlative)

(zoology) Having strigulation; exhibiting strigulating; strigate.


strigated

strigated (comparative more strigated, superlative most strigated)

more strigated (comparative)
most strigated (superlative)


amphikinesis

(zoology) The movement of both upper and lower parts of a bird's beak where it joins the skull.


macroboring

(zoology) That functions as a macroborer


macroborer

(zoology) Any macroorganism that bores into a substrate


microboring

(zoology) That functions as a microborer


subbrachian

(ichthyology) Relating to fish of the order Subbrachiales.


subbrachian

(ichthyology, obsolete) Any fish of the order Subbrachiales (syn. Malacopterygii)


tecnomorph

In stratigraphically later genera with histial dimorphism frequently no histial structure and also no velar structure at all is present in the tecnomorphs.

1957, Bulletin of the Geological Institution of the University of Upsala, Volume 37, page 203:

(zoology) The carapace of a larval ostracod.


midleg

in this species, the midlegs are brighter than the forelegs and hindlegs

(zoology) Any of the legs located between the forelegs and back legs.


cyrtos

(zoology) The basket-like feeding apparatus of the protists, especially in the genus Nassula.


nassophorean

(zoology) Any member of the Nassophorea.


planectomy

(veterinary medicine) The removal of the nasal planum (the flat tip of the nose in cats and dogs).


pseudocopulatory

(zoology) Resembling copulation though not fulfilling the sexual function.


solenogaster

(zoology) Any of the Solenogastres, a class (sometimes a subclass) of small worm-like mollusks with no shell.


cavibelonian

(zoology) Of or relating to the Cavibelonia, a taxonomic order of solenogasters.


udoteacean

suf

translingual <i class="Latn mention" lang="mul">Udoteaceae</i>

(zoology) Any member of the algal family Udoteaceae.


Philomela

From Latin Philomela, from Ancient Greek Φιλομήλη (Philomḗlē), from φίλος (phílos, “love”) + μῆλον (mêlon, “apple; fruit; sheep”), but folk-etymologized since at least Ovid's time as "lover of song".


Physoclisti

(zoology) Fishes that lack a connection between the gas bladder and the alimentary canal, the bladder serving only as a buoyancy organ.


thalassophonean

(zoology) Belonging to the Thalassophonea, an extinct clade of pliosaurids.


pronograde

From Latin pronus (“bent over”) + -grade (“means of walking]”) (from Latin gradus). Compare prone.

(zoology) Walking with the length of the body parallel to the ground.


deserticolous

en-adj

deserticolous (comparative more deserticolous, superlative most deserticolous)

more deserticolous (comparative)
most deserticolous (superlative)

It must be understood that for a deserticolous species the "interpretation" of what a barrier is may be different from that of a jungle species.

2013, Eduardo H Rapoport, Areography: Geographical Strategies of Species, page 124:


monstrilloid

(zoology) Any copepod in the order Monstrilloida.


poecilostomatoid

(zoology) Any member of the order Poecilostomatoida of copepods.


oxyrhynchus

/ˌɒksɪˈɹɪŋkəs/

/ˌɑksiˈɹɪŋkəs/

From New Latin oxyrhynchus, from Ancient Greek ὀξῠ́ρρῠγχος (oxŭ́rrhŭnkhos, “a kind of Egyptian fish”) (whence also the place name Ὀξῠ́ρρῠγχος (Oxŭ́rrhŭnkhos), from ὀξῠ́ς (oxŭ́s, “sharp”) + ῥῠ́γχος (rhŭ́nkhos, “snout”).

compound

(ichthyology) a fish with a pointed snout


aunting

The aunting behavior in a captive group of 22 squirrel monkeys containing three infants was done in terms of the age/sex classification of those animals involved. The time course of the aunting phenomena and the type and intensity of the interactions between the mothers and the aunts were recorded.

1978, Susan M. Hunt, Katy M. Gamache, Joan S. Lockard, “Babysitting behavior by age/sex classification in squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus)”, in Primates, volume 19, page 162:

Such kidnapping rarely results in serious injury or death (i.e. 'aunting-to-death') with infant patas monkeys.

1995, Nakagawa N., “A case of infant kidnapping and allomothering by members of a neighbouring group in patas monkeys”, in Folia Primatol:

(zoology) The provision of maternal care by another, allomothering.


lamprophiid

(zoology) Any member of the snake family Lamprophiidae.


queenright

We have yet to identify every factor involved, but one variable is whether the nest contains a queen ant (queenright) or is queenless.

2012, Andrew Pullin, Ecology and Conservation of Butterflies:

(zoology, of colonies of bees, ants, etc.) Having a queen.


Marek's disease

Named after József Marek, a Hungarian veterinarian.

(veterinary medicine) A contagious viral neoplastic disease in chickens.


crurotarsan

(zoology) Any of the Crurotarsi, a taxonomic group including the archosaurs and phytosaurs.


notoplate

(zoology) The central posterior region of the neural plate that is elongated during neurulation.


epigamic

(zoology) Attractive to the opposite sex


forespur

The tibial comb or forespur, on the front pair of legs, has about 65 teeth, stiff and elastic, and is deftly fitted into the tarsus opposite, which has about 45 coarser teeth.

1914, Joshua Hughes Paul, Out of doors in the west:

The main joint at his forespur kept slipping each time he tried to unfold it. Nilrasha stifled a sob. "I'm sorry, Ru. But it doesn't matter. Your wings are uncased." She began to lick his wounds. By hooking the wing tip in a crack on the balcony and ...

2007, E. E. Knight, Dragon Outcast - Page 246:

Finally, species living on (d) hard soils have long spur—like apical extensions of the protibiae and well—developed forespurs, which often exhibit a lot of wear.

2010, Richard A.B. Leschen, Rolf G. Beutel, John F. Lawrence, Volume 2: Morphology and Systematics:

(anatomy, zoology) A spur positioned at the fore, or facing forward.


paussine

(zoology) Any of the subfamily Paussinae of ground beetles, most of which live as predators in ants' nests.


brachinine

(zoology) Any beetle of the carabid subfamily Brachininae.


rhysodine

(zoology) Any of the subfamily Rhysodinae of carabid beetles.


scaritine

(zoology) Any of the subfamily Scaritinae of carabid beetles.


elaphrine

(zoology) Any of the subfamily Elaphrinae of carabid beetles.


cicindeline

(zoology) Any of the subfamily Cicindelinae of carabid beetles, the tiger beetles.


trituberculy

(zoology, obsolete) A theory of the development of mammalian molar teeth.


cuckolder

(zoology) A male of certain kinds of fish that interrupts a mating pair to release sperm in an attempt to fertilize the female.


nuthacker

The common names nuthatch and nuthacker refer to the way the bird takes a nut in its claws and hacks at it with its bill or wedges it in the bark of a tree and hacks it with hard strokes to break it open.

2013, George Adams, George Martin Adams, Gardening for the Birds: How to Create a Bird-friendly Backyard - Page 346:


emyde

(zoology, archaic) Synonym of emys (“type of tortoise”).


ramuliferous

en-adj

ramuliferous (comparative more ramuliferous, superlative most ramuliferous)

more ramuliferous (comparative)
most ramuliferous (superlative)

(zoology) Bearing ramuli (small branches)


adlet

Adlets are wont to hunt on all fours, and so were born stories of giant black dogs that accost travelers.

2006, Aaron Rosenberg, Various, Chosen RPG, Impressions, →ISBN:

An adlet is part-human and part-canine, […]. They can be cannibals, eating other dogs. When they first hunt prey they go for the victim's throat and drink the fresh blood.

2012, Lisa Regan, Vampires, Werewolves and Zombies, Amber Books Ltd, →ISBN, page 71:

... that one of their ancestors has been married to a dog and that they have canine blood in their veins. This does not mean, of course, that they can transform themselves into an Adlet or that they enjoy any special protection from its attentions.

2016, Dr. Bob Curran, Andy Paciorek, The Carnival Of Dark Dreams, →ISBN, page 56:

"We could mate with humans, but then we'd have to expose our existence, and there's no guarantee that the baby will be an adlet." She cleared her throat. "Of course, I'd love a human baby just as much as an adlet, but we need more halflings […]"
[…]
The dogs mated with other dogs and stayed in their canine form, but the halflings mated with both humans and dogs and so the adlets continued to spread across the land, always evolving. Some adlet families are more human than dog, ...

2019, Laura Greenwood, Skye MacKinnon, Under the Ice, Peryton Press:

(cryptozoology, mythology) A cryptid in Inuit mythology and folklore in Canada and Greenland, a tall, dog-legged humanoid (sometimes identified with inland Native Americans).


interarea

The brachiophore or brachial process is a simple, somewhat flat blade located at the notothyrial margin and underlying the notothyrial edge of the interarea.

1938, Edward Oscar Ulrich, Gustav Arthur Cooper, Ozarkian and Canadian Brachiopoda, page 73:

In one sense the interareas, planareas, and palintropes are genetically the same in that they are all surfaces resulting from increment to the posterior margin.

1942, Preston E. Cloud, Jr., Terebratuloid Brachiopoda of the Sillurian and Devonian, →ISBN, page 21:

The posterio-lateral socket ridge lies between the socket and the interarea (pl. 2, figs. 9b, 13b, 16b). The posterio-lateral socket ridges are accommodated by grooves in the hinge teeth of concavo-convex species or pockets between the hinge teeth and the interarea of resupinate species.

1949, Geological Survey Professional Paper, page L-2:

Pedicle valve with well developed sulcus; height and concavity of interareas highly variable, apsacline to catacline, rarely slightly procline.

1995, Andrzej Baliński, Palaeontologia Polonica, number 54, page 60:

Spiriferides tend to have highly biconvex shells, with well-developed radial costae and a large interarea on the ventral valve.

2013, Donald R. Prothero, Bringing Fossils to Life: An Introduction to Paleobiology, →ISBN, page 334:

(zoology) A typically triangular shelf of shell on some brachiopods that serves as a weight-bearing surface to stabilize the valves.


pectinibranchial

(zoology, archaic) Synonym of pectinibranchiate.


posteriad

(zoology) In a direction toward the posterior.


monimostyly

From Ancient Greek μόνιμος (mónimos, “fixed in place”) + Ancient Greek στῦλος (stûlos, “pillar”) + -y.

af

(zoology) union of the quadrate and squamosal, not permitting movement


pant-hoot

en-verb

pant-hoot (third-person singular simple present pant-hoots, present participle pant-hooting, simple past and past participle pant-hooted)

pant-hoots (present singular third-person)
pant-hooting (participle present)
pant-hooted (participle past)
pant-hooted (past)

(zoology, intransitive, of chimpanzees) To utter a complex vocalization that starts off quietly and builds up to a succession of hoots and screams.


haplodont

(zoology) Being or having molar teeth with simple crowns, without ridges or tubercles.


vespoid

(zoology) Of or relating to the superfamily Vespoidea of wasps and ants.


actaeonid

Ultimately from Latin Actæon, borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἀκταίων (Aktaíōn) (Acteon).

(zoology) Any sea slug of the family Actaeonidae.


neornithine

(zoology) Any of the feathered dinosaurs that evolved into modern birds


homodonty

(zoology) The condition of having teeth all of the same type.


eucryptodiran

Basal eucryptodiran xinjiangchelyids or macrobaenids―sinemydids are represented in the Phu Kradung Formation by a few fragmentary remains.

2009, Eric Buffetaut, Late Palaeozoic and Mesozoic Ecosystems in SE Asia:

(zoology) Any turtle of the suborder Eucryptodira.


tracheosyringeal

(zoology) Relating to, or connecting, the trachea and the syrinx


vanessa

(zoology) Any butterfly of the genus Vanessa.


planktonophagous

The blue is stenophagous and planktonophagous, the North Atlantic minke largely ichthyophagous.

1982, David Edward Gaskin, The Ecology of Whales and Dolphins, page 69:

Finally, coral reef POM constitutes a source of OM for planktonic invertebrates and planktonophagous fish.

2015 July 2, Briand MJ, Bonnet X, Goiran C, Guillou G, Letourneur Y, “Major Sources of Organic Matter in a Complex Coral Reef Lagoon: Identification from Isotopic Signatures (δ 13 C and δ 15 N)”, in PLOS ONE, volume 10, number 7, →DOI:


flagellomere

Stone (personal correspondence) has suggested the use of the term flagellomere, on morphological grounds, instead of the usual "segments" of the flagellum […]

1968, NM Jorgensen, MT James, “Evolution of the antenna in the Stratiomyidae (Diptera”, in Annals of the Entomological Society:

Dorsa and ventral lobes of flagellomeres not symmetrical: ventral lobe slightly longer than dorsal lobe.

1999, Judith E. Winston, Describing Species: Practical Taxonomic Procedure for Biologists, A fossil insect, a new woodgnat, Valesguya disjuncta, page 221:

On various Anthemideae genera. 3 Antennae with 8, occasionally 9 flagellomeres.

2015 July 2, Dorchin N, Astrin JJ, Bodner L, Harris KM, “Morphological and Molecular Revision of the Genus Ozirhincus (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)—Long-Snouted Seed-Feeding Gall Midges on Asteraceae”, in PLOS ONE, volume 10, number 7, →DOI:

(zoology) A segment of the flagellum of the antenna of an insect or crustacean.


synganglion

It is thought that amitraz is a potential agonist of the octopaminergic system located in the tick synganglion.

2015 July 10, “SNP Analysis Infers that Recombination Is Involved in the Evolution of Amitraz Resistance in Rhipicephalus microplus”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(acarology) A nerve mass located near the esophagus in certain ticks.


dorvilleid

Seep sediments had higher densities of ampharetid, dorvilleid, hesionid, cirratulid and lacydoniid polychaetes, whereas carbonates had more gastropods, as well as syllid, chrysopetalid and polynoid polychaetes.

2015 July 10, “Biodiversity on the Rocks: Macrofauna Inhabiting Authigenic Carbonate at Costa Rica Methane Seeps”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(zoology) Any member of the family Dorvilleidae of polychaete worms.


syllid

Borrowed from translingual Syllidae. By surface analysis, translingual Syllis + -id.

surface analysis

(zoology) Any polychaete worm of the family Syllidae.


cimolodontan

(zoology) Any of the suborder †Cimolodonta of extinct mammals that lived from the Cretaceous to the Eocene.


epipod

(zoology) A small projection arising from the thoracic legs of a crustacean.


allotherian

The gondwanatherian Vintana showing a combination of primitive and highly derived features recently described from the Maastrichtian of Madagascar [75 ] is another example of insular mosaicism in an allotherian mammal but from Southern Hemisphere.

2015 July 16, “Red Iron-Pigmented Tooth Enamel in a Multituberculate Mammal from the Late Cretaceous Transylvanian “Haţeg Island””, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(zoology) Any member of the infraclass †Allotheria of extinct mammals.


anthracoptilid

Given the controversial nature of anthracoptilids around both their taxonomic affinity and their possession of raptorial forelegs, we cannot confirm whether raptorial legs were already present in stem-mantis lineages or if it is a crown-mantis apomorphy that would have been a key acquisition for their diversification, after competitors had disappeared.

2015 July 23, “Phylogeny of Dictyoptera: Dating the Origin of Cockroaches, Praying Mantises and Termites with Molecular Data and Controlled Fossil Evidence”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(zoology) Any member of the extinct insect family Anthracoptilidae.


cyclorhagid

Analysis of the combined molecular and morphological data furthermore supported a cyclorhagid clade which included all traditional cyclorhagid taxa, except Dracoderes that no longer should be considered a cyclorhagid genus.

2015 July 23, “Phylogeny of Kinorhyncha Based on Morphology and Two Molecular Loci”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(zoology) Any invertebrate in the kinorhynch order Cyclorhagida.


shortnose

Most of them — both Atlantic sturgeons and the smaller shortnose sturgeons, also endangered but more plentiful — have been found dead along the shore, with injuries like long gashes and severed heads, suggesting impacts from boat propellers.

2015 July 21, Lisa W. Foderaro, “Group Petitions to Save a Prehistoric Fish From Modern Construction”, in New York Times:


sigmodontine

These are not minor issues because the regional extinctions of small mammals are a widespread phenomenon in southern South America and have involved several sigmodontine and caviomorph rodent species.

2015 July 24, “Regional Extinctions and Quaternary Shifts in the Geographic Range of Lestodelphys halli, the Southernmost Living Marsupial: Clues for Its Conservation”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(zoology) Any rodent of the subfamily Sigmodontinae


coenoecium

(zoology) A polypary; a chitinous investment or covering of a coenosarc in hydroid hydrozoans.


cornulitid

A single eroded cornulitid was found cemented to the hardground.

2015 July 29, “Bioerosion of Inorganic Hard Substrates in the Ordovician of Estonia (Baltica)”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(zoology) Any member of the extinct order Cornulitida of encrusting animals in the class Tentaculita.


tagmatization

(zoology) The active process whereby tagmosis occurs


allogrooming

We also utilize SNA to characterize the agonistic (fighting and chasing) as well as other social (sniffing and allogrooming) behavioral interactions of mice.

2015 July 31, “A Social Network Approach Reveals Associations between Mouse Social Dominance and Brain Gene Expression”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(zoology) The grooming of an animal by another member of the same species.


appendicularian

/ˌæpənˌdɪkjʊˈlɛəɹi.ən/

(zoology) Pertaining to the class Appendicularia of tailed tunicates.


appendicularian

/ˌæpənˌdɪkjʊˈlɛəɹi.ən/

Consumption of appendicularians by Thunnus spp. increased with larval length to a maximum when nearly 80% of the larvae 7–11 mm body length had appendicularians in their guts, suggesting a preferential behavior for consuming this gelatinous zooplankton despite the availability of several types of prey.

2015 July 31, “Trophic Ecology of Atlantic Bluefin Tuna ( Thunnusthynnus ) Larvae from the Gulf of Mexico and NW Mediterranean Spawning Grounds: A Comparative Stable Isotope Study”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

vršenka

a member of the class Appendicularia of tailed tunicates


circumglobal

en-adj

circumglobal (comparative more circumglobal, superlative most circumglobal)

more circumglobal (comparative)
most circumglobal (superlative)

Consumer production is highest in a circumglobal band around the equator, in other upwellings in low and mid latitudes, the North Pacific and in the south Atlantic Ocean east of Argentina (Fig 2B, S2 Fig ).

2015 July 31, “Predicting Consumer Biomass, Size-Structure, Production, Catch Potential, Responses to Fishing and Associated Uncertainties in the World’s Marine Ecosystems”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(chiefly zoology) Around the world; spanning the globe.


exumbrellar

However, high levels of AurPaxA mRNA expression were detected in individual cells that were located at the base of the exumbrellar ectoderm in a close association with the FMRFamide-immunoreactive neuronal network (Fig 4F), suggesting that AurPaxA may be involved in the development of the exumbrellar nerve net.

2015 July 31, “Gene Expression Data from the Moon Jelly, Aurelia, Provide Insights into the Evolution of the Combinatorial Code Controlling Animal Sense Organ Development”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


ephemeropteran

All these habitats are species poor: aside from amphipod fauna, assellote isopods, trichopteran, plecopteran and ephemeropteran larvae, erpobdelid leeches and salamander larvae were also found, but no fishes were observed.

2015 July 31, “Morphologically Cryptic Amphipod Species Are “Ecological Clones” at Regional but Not at Local Scale: A Case Study of Four Niphargus Species”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(zoology) Any insect of the order Ephemeroptera, the mayflies.


hemipteroid

However, a few hymenopterans and hemipteroids do possess the ancestral insect mitogenome gene order.

2015 July 31, “The Asian Rice Gall Midge ( Orseolia oryzae ) Mitogenome Has Evolved Novel Gene Boundaries and Tandem Repeats That Distinguish Its Biotypes”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(zoology) A hemipteran or one of the closely related thrips and lice within the Exopterygota


postflexion

This maternal signature was discernible until larvae attained postflexion stages.

(zoology) After the flexion stage of larval development.


laurasiatherian

suf

translingual <i class="Latn mention" lang="mul">Laurasiatheria</i>

(zoology) Any member of the Laurasiatheria.


simiiform

(zoology) Any member of the Simiiformes.


isopteran

(zoology) Any member of the infraorder Isoptera of termites.


plecopteran

(zoology) Any insect in the order Plecoptera, the stoneflies.


scolecid

(zoology) Any member of the Scolecida, an infraclass of polychaete worms.


scopelid

(zoology) Any member of the obsolete family Scopelidae of deep-sea fish, most of which are now considered to belong to the Myctophidae.


dendrobranchiate

(zoology) Any member of the Dendrobranchiata.


Central Asian Ovcharka

en-noun

Central Asian Ovcharka (plural Central Asian Ovcharkas)

(zoology) A breed of large dog usually used as a livestock guardian.


Caucasian shepherd

Caucasian shepherd (plural Caucasian shepherds)

(zoology) A dog of a large breed commonly used to guard livestock.


homoscleromorph

In this work we reveal the underlying cellular mechanisms used during morphogenesis accompanying ectosome regeneration in the homoscleromorph sponge model: Oscarella lobularis.

2015 August 14, “Oscarella lobularis (Homoscleromorpha, Porifera) Regeneration: Epithelial Morphogenesis and Metaplasia”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(zoology) Any of the Homoscleromorpha, a class of marine sponges.


scolopendromorph

(zoology) Any member of the Scolopendromorpha.


urodelan

(zoology) Any member of the order Urodela (syn. of Caudata); a salamander.


urodelous

(zoology) Relating to the Urodela (syn. of Caudata).


radicivorous

Of these, many are radicivorous, but they are easily distinguished from the Hepialideous larvae […]

1843, Henry Noel Humphreys, John Obadiah Westwood, British moths and their transformations, arranged in a ser. of […] , volume 1:

(zoology, rare) That feeds on plant roots.


squalomorph

(zoology) Any member of the Squalomorphii, a superorder of cartilaginous fishes.


euselachian

(zoology) Any member of the infraclass Euselachii.


pedomorphosis

(zoology) The retention of juvenile traits by an adult; neoteny.


centropyxid

Here, the recovered centropyxids are also phenotypically diverse, with multiple numbers of spines that we divide into morphotypes, or variants, based on the absolute number of spines.

2015 August 20, “Thecamoebians (Testate Amoebae) Straddling the Permian-Triassic Boundary in the Guryul Ravine Section, India: Evolutionary and Palaeoecological Implications”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(zoology) Any amoebozoan in the family Centropyxidae.


basommatophoran

(zoology) Any member of the Basommatophora.


gruiform

en-adj

gruiform (comparative more gruiform, superlative most gruiform)

more gruiform (comparative)
most gruiform (superlative)

(zoology) Resembling the Gruiformes, an order of birds including the crane.


pectinacean

(zoology) Any of the Pectinacea, a suborder of mollusks.


mechanosensillum

Olfactory sensilla are mainly localized on the antennae, and gustatory sensilla occur primarily on the labium and maxillar and mandibular palpi, rarely on the tarsi (in some insects). In contrast, the mechanosensilla and thermo-hygrosensilla have wider distribution on the insect's body³³.

2023 January 12, Artur Taszakowski, Adrian Masłowski, Kent M. Daane, Jolanta Brożek, “Closer view of antennal sensory organs of two Leptoglossus species (Insecta, Hemiptera, Coreidae)”, in Scientific Reports, volume 13, →DOI, article 617, page 2:


choanal

(anatomy, zoology) Related to the choana


arrhenotokous

Certain wasps and bees are arrhenotokous.

In scale insects no examples of cyclic parthenogenesis are known and parthenogenesis can be thelytokous, deuterotokous or arrhenotokous.

2015 July 9, Ilya A. Gavrilov-Zimin, Andrey V. Stekolshchikov, D.C. Gautam, “General trends of chromosomal evolution in Aphidococca (Insecta, Homoptera, Aphidinea + Coccinea)”, in Comparative Cytogenetics, volume 9, →DOI:

(zoology) Relating to arrhenotoky; producing males from unfertilized eggs.


unionoid

From taxonomic name Unio (with insertion of -n- after its etymon, Classical Latin ūniō (stem ūniōn-)) + -oid. Compare earlier unionid and taxonomic name Unionioda.

II. n. Same as unionid.

[1891, “unionoid (ū′ni-ọ̄-noid), a. and n.”, in William Dwight Whitney, editor, The Century Dictionary: An Encyclopedic Lexicon of the English Language […], volume VI, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC, page 6619, column 3:

(zoology) Any member of the family Unionidae or its order Unionida of freshwater mussels.


unionoid

unionoid (comparative more unionoid, superlative most unionoid)

more unionoid (comparative)
most unionoid (superlative)

Carbonicola, of the Devonian and Carboniferous, comprises Unionoid Bivalves, with thick shells, an external ligament, and a concentrically-striated surface.

1879, Henry Alleyne Nicholson, “Unionidæ”, in A Manual of Palæontology for the Use of Students […], 2nd edition, volume I, Edinburgh; London: William Blackwood and Sons, →OCLC, page 492:

I know nothing of that of Solenaia beyond the statement of Fischer regarding its greatly developed, mushroom shaped foot and its burrowing habit. It is, I am satisfied, an unionoid animal and the fact that there is a decided posterior pallial sinus to the shell leads me to believe that it has two siphons.

1914, Charles Torrey Simpson, “Genus Solenaia Conrad, 1869”, in A Descriptive Catalogue of the Naiades, or Pearly Fresh-Water Mussels, part I (Unionidæ: Truncilla–Margaritana), Detroit, Mich.: Bryant Walker, →OCLC, page 456:

The current record of Australian Lower Cretaceous non-marine macroinvertebrates is substantial but mainly limited to a few highly productive localities. Some remains have been recovered from near-shore marine rocks including the Valanginian Trinity Well Sandstone Member of the Cadna-owie Formation (South Australia) and the Aptian Wallumbilla Formation (White Cliffs, New South Wales). These have produced freshwater unionoid bivalves (Alathyria coatsi, Hyridella whitecliffsensis) and Australia’s oldest known non-marine gastropod – the viviparid Notopala alboscopularis.

2011, Benjamin P. Kear, Robert J. Hamilton-Bruce, “Non-marine invertebrates”, in Dinosaurs in Australia: Mesozoic Life from the Southern Continent, Collingwood, Vic.: CSIRO Publishing, →ISBN, chapter 6 (Life on the shore: Early Cretaceous non-marine animals and plants), page 112, column 1:

(zoology) Relating to, resembling or characteristic of the family Unionidae or its order Unionida of freshwater mussels.


stygobitic

We discuss the possibility that one stygobitic lineage secondarily regained some of its body pigmentation as adaptation to increased photic conditions after cave collapse and forming of cenotes during the last glacial maximum.

2015 August 27, “The Evolution of Epigean and Stygobitic Species of Koonunga Sayce, 1907 (Syncarida: Anaspidacea) in Southern Australia, with the Description of Three New Species”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(zoology) Living exclusively in groundwater, such as aquifers or caves.


chrysidoid

(zoology) Any member of the superfamily Chrysidoidea.


allorubbing

(zoology) The rubbing against an animal by another member of the same species.


eomysticetid

(zoology) Any member of the Eomysticetidae, a family of extinct mysticetes.


tranatocetid

This anatomy is superficially similar to that of Cetotheriidae and some tranatocetids were previously considered to be cetotheres and even identified as Cetotherium.

2015 September 3, “From Problem Taxa to Problem Solver: A New Miocene Family, Tranatocetidae, Brings Perspective on Baleen Whale Evolution”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(zoology) Any member of the family †Tranatocetidae, which is represented by the sole species †Tranatocetus argillarius, a cetacean.


diplectanid

There, a small probe and dissecting microscope were used to isolate diplectanids from the gills or sediment.

2015 August 12, Delane C. Kritsky, Micah D. Bakenhaster, Douglas H. Adams, “Pseudorhabdosynochus species (Monogenoidea, Diplectanidae) parasitizing groupers (Serranidae, Epinephelinae, Epinephelini) in the western Atlantic Ocean and adjacent waters, with descriptions of 13 new species”, in Parasite, volume 22, →DOI:

(zoology) Any member of the Diplectanidae, a family of monopisthocotylean monogenean flatworms.


monopisthocotylean

(zoology) Any member of the Monopisthocotylea, a subclass of parasitic flatworms in the class Monogenea.


epinepheline

(zoology) Of or relating to the subfamily Epinephelinae of the family Serranidae, including the groupers.


euglenozoan

(zoology) Any member of the infrakingdom or phylum Euglenozoa, a large group of flagellate protozoa.


yellowmouth

(zoology, in the names of fishes) Having yellow markings around the mouth.


afrosoricid

(zoology) Any member of the order Afrosoricida, a golden mole, an otter shrew, or a tenrec.


amphisbaenian

Amphisbaenians lost their legs independently of the snake lineage and belong to their own distinct part of the squamate tree.

2016 July 13, Elsa Panciroli, “How did legless worm-lizards cross the Atlantic?”, in The Guardian:

(zoology) Any member of the Amphisbaenia, the clade of worm lizards.


chasmataspidid

The sixth prosomal appendage is modified in both xiphosurids and chasmataspidids for use in locomotion or burrowing.

2015 September 1, James C. Lamsdell et al., “The oldest described eurypterid: a giant Middle Ordovician (Darriwilian) megalograptid from the Winneshiek Lagerstätte of Iowa”, in BMC Evolutionary Biology, volume 15, →DOI:

(zoology) Any of the Chasmataspidida, an extinct group of chelicerate arthropods.


megalograptid

(zoology) Any of the Megalograptidae, a family of extinct eurypterids.


mixopterid

Sampling of the Carcinosomatoidea is increased, with ten species included for the carcinosomatid, megalograptid, and mixopterid clades in addition to the three sampled previously.

(zoology) Any extinct sea scorpion in the family Mixopteridae.


archosauriform

(zoology) Belonging to the Archosauriformes, a clade of diapsid reptiles.


archosauriform

(zoology) Any member of the Archosauriformes.


bernissartiid

(zoology) Any extinct crocodile-like reptile in the family Bernissartiidae.


paralligatorid

If the Hungarian specimen is from a paralligatorid, then it would be the first occurrence of the group in the European archipelago.

2015, Attila Ősi et al., “An enigmatic crocodyliform tooth from the bauxites of western Hungary suggests hidden mesoeucrocodylian diversity in the Early Cretaceous European archipelago”, in PeerJ, volume 3, →DOI:

(zoology) Any extinct neosuchian crocodyliform in the family Paralligatoridae


sebecosuchian

(zoology) Any of the Sebecosuchia, an extinct group of mesoeucrocodylian crocodyliforms.


neuropodous

(zoology) Having the limbs on, or directed toward, the neural side, meaning the nervous system is located ventrally, as in most invertebrates.


dolichuranic

(zoology) having a long palate; having palatomaxillary index <110


eureptile

From eu- + reptile, influenced by Eureptilia.

There are, however, reasons to believe that aquatic or semiaquatic habits were more widespread among eureptiles than traditionally assumed and that the exclusion of aquatic or semi-aquatic taxa biases the analyses.

2015 September 10, “Anatomy of the Enigmatic Reptile Elachistosuchus huenei Janensch, 1949 (Reptilia: Diapsida) from the Upper Triassic of Germany and Its Relevance for the Origin of Sauria”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


eureptilian

(zoology) Belonging or relating to the Eureptilia.


leiobunine

Here we test a hypothesis that diversity of reproductive structures in leiobunine harvestmen (daddy longlegs) of eastern North America reflects two sexually coevolved but non-overlapping precopulatory strategies, a primitive solicitous strategy (females enticed by penis-associated nuptial gifts), and a multiply derived antagonistic strategy (penis exerts mechanical force against armature of the female pregenital opening).

2015 September 10, “Biomechanical Diversity of Mating Structures among Harvestmen Species Is Consistent with a Spectrum of Precopulatory Strategies”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(zoology) Any harvestman of the subfamily Leiobuninae


dorylomorph

which represents another independent origin of eusociality in addition to honeybee and ants; and several additional ant species, notably the dorylomorph Cerapachys biroi which represents the second most early-branching ant species following the ponerine Harpegnathos saltator (Oxley et al.)

2015 August 12, Xiaofan Zhou et al., “Chemoreceptor Evolution in Hymenoptera and Its Implications for the Evolution of Eusociality”, in Genome Biology and Evolution, volume 7, →DOI:

(zoology) A member of a taxonomic grouping of army ants and their relatives, comprising six subfamilies Leptanilloidinae, Cerapachyinae, Ecitoninae, and the monogeneric subfamilies Aenictinae, Aenictogitinae, and genus Dorylus sensu stricto, now all placed in Dorylinae sensu lato.


pseudosuchian

Janensch considered Elachistosuchus a pseudosuchian archosaur and diagnosed it by small body size, the lack of a specialized body plan, and the presence of a large posttemporal fenestra and an alleged antorbital fenestra.

(zoology) Belonging to the Pseudosuchia.


pseudosuchian

(zoology) Any member of the Pseudosuchia.


maxillopod

(zoology) Any member of the class Maxillopoda of diverse crustaceans including barnacles and copepods.


diadectomorph

(zoology) Any member of the Diadectomorpha.


squeeze box

squeeze boxes (plural)
squeezebox (alternative)

Jebby rushed to the area behind the mare's paddock. What he saw there filled him with fresh concern. Isabella was in the "squeeze box." This, he knew, was a strait jacket for animals! […] He had seen the old squeeze box sitting in the field behind the hoofed animals' paddock. Zoo keepers had used it in the days before the invention of the Tranquilizer Gun for immobilizing animals when they wanted to inoculate them or treat them for illness or injury. If the squeeze box were used unwisely, a Zoo keeper had told Jebby, an animal inside it could be squeezed almost to death. And it always caused panic as the wooden sides pressed against the trapped creature's body.

1963, Ann Cottrell Free, Forever the Wild Mare, New York, N.Y.: Dodd, Mead and Company, →OCLC:

Williams and Sawyer (1995) reported on successful techniques used on a large number of otters in the rehabilitation centers during the Exxon Valdez oil spill. Restraint equipment included heavy leather welder's gloves with long sleeves, a large salmon dip net fitted with an elongated bag of soft 1-in. mesh net, a throw net, blankets, stuff bags, and some sort of squeeze box. […] The bag is quickly placed over the head, shoulders, and thorax, and the otter is held by pressing down on the bag. This is best accomplished while the otter is in the net or squeeze box with the animal on its back and the hind legs held by a second handler[…].

2001, Pamela Tuomi, “Sea Otters”, in Leslie A. Dierauf, Frances M. D. Gulland, editors, CRC Handbook of Marine Mammal Medicine: Health, Disease, and Rehabilitation, 2nd edition, Boca Raton, Fla.: CRC Press, →ISBN, page 972:

Snakes and beaded lizards can be measured effectively in a "squeeze box" (Quinn and Jones 1974). A squeeze box immobilizes an animal by pressing it between a transparent lid and a soft foam bottom. Squeeze boxes have diverse designs[…], but basically, they are all modifications of the original described by Quinn and Jones (1974).

2012, Mercedes S. Foster, “Dealing with Live Reptiles”, in Roy W. McDiarmid et al., editors, Reptile Biodiversity: Standard Methods for Inventory and Monitoring, Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press, →ISBN, page 132:

Physical restraint devices (e.g., rabbit squeezeboxes and cat bags) are a useful adjunct to anesthesia, particularly in the induction period. Restrained rabbits quickly develop hyperthermia, however, especially when environmental temperatures are high. Physical restraint of free-living rabbits and hares should be minimal.

2014, Darryl Heard, “Lagomorphs (Rabbits, Hares, and Pikas)”, in Gary [Don] West, Darryl [J.] Heard, Nigel Caulkett, editors, Zoo Animal and Wildlife Immobilization and Anesthesia, 2nd edition, Ames, Iowa: Wiley-Blackwell, →ISBN, page 879:

(veterinary medicine) A container that fits tightly around an animal to immobilize it for medical treatment, transportation, etc.


chaetetid

Though widely accepted as an alga there is still debate over its taxonomic affinity, with recent work arguing that it should be reclassified as a chaetetid sponge.

2015 September 15, “Geochemical Evidence of the Seasonality, Affinity and Pigmenation of Solenopora jurassica”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(zoology) A kind of demosponge fossil composed of fused tubules.


charaxine

(zoology) Of or relating to the nymphalid butterfly subfamily Charaxinae.


apterodontine

We can also note that apterodontines and hyainailourines often display more than two mental foramina, while hyaenodontids very rarely display more than two, and have a weak ventral concavity anterior to the angular process.

2015 September 24, “A New Large Hyainailourine from the Bartonian of Europe and Its Bearings on the Evolution and Ecology of Massive Hyaenodonts (Mammalia)”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(zoology) Any member of the Apterodontinae.


otophysan

For soniferous otophysans, decreased auditory sensitivity is particularly harmful because it may reduce the capacity to detect acoustic signals from conspecifics.

2015 September 24, “Stress and Auditory Responses of the Otophysan Fish, Cyprinella venusta, to Road Traffic Noise”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(zoology) Any of the fish of the Otophysi series within the Ostariophysi superorder, also known as the Otophysa in some classifications.


empoascan

More work is also needed to clarify whether Empoasca onukii injures other plants besides tea, or if there are other empoascan species attacking tea shrubs in these areas.

2015 October 1, “Clarification of the Identity of the Tea Green Leafhopper Based on Morphological Comparison between Chinese and Japanese Specimens”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(zoology) Belonging to Empoasca, a genus of leafhoppers.


tantulocarid

(zoology) Any of the Tantulocarida, a group of parasitic crustaceans.


telmophagous

From Ancient Greek τέλμα (télma, “pond, puddle”) + -phagous.

der

(zoology) Feeding from a pool of blood caused by tissue laceration.


alcyonacean

(zoology) Any member of the Alcyonacea; a soft coral.


pennatulacean

(zoology) A member of the Pennatulacea; a sea pen.


Gloger's rule

After the zoologist Constantin Wilhelm Lambert Gloger, who first remarked upon this phenomenon in 1833.

(zoology) A rule stating that, within a species of endotherms, more heavily pigmented forms tend to be found in more humid environments.


formicivore

(zoology) Any organism that feeds on ants.


chronic wasting disease

(veterinary, pathology) A transmissible spongiform encephalopathy found in deer, typified by chronic weight loss leading to death.


bassarisk

(zoology) Any member of the genus Bassariscus.


caimanine

(zoology) Any member of the subfamily Caimaninae within the Alligatoridae.


dactylogyrid

(zoology) Any flatworm in the family Dactylogyridae.


thylacocephalan

(zoology) Any member of the Thylacocephala.


pieridine

(zoology) Of or relating to the Pieridae, a large family of butterflies.


semicryptic

Semicryptic and cryptic species suffer less damage than species that perch in the open […]

1997, Johnny A. Waters, Christopher Grant Maples, Geobiology of echinoderms, page 20:

(zoology) Having a certain degree of camouflage.


haramiyid

(zoology) Any member of the order †Haramiyida or family †Haramiyidae.


ceratioid

ceratioids (plural)
ceratoid (alternative)

(zoology) Any anglerfish of the suborder Ceratioidei, now Ogcocephalioidei.


brachydactylous

Borrowed from Latin brachydactylus + -ous.

(zoology) Having abnormally short digits.


placodermian

Furtheron the ancient agnathian and the placodermian fishes disappeared.

1984, Nikita Alekseevich Bogdanov, Palaeontology: proceedings of the 27th International Geological Congress, Moscow 4-14 August 1984:

Many organisms were affected including conodonts, ammonoids, echinoderms, trilobites, ancient agnatian and placodermian fishes, continental plant communities, ostracodes, […]

2008, Tom McCann, The Geology of Central Europe: Precambrian and palaeozoic:

It mainly affected pelagic and hemipelagic organisms (e.g. conodonts, ammonoids, echinoderms, trilobites, ancient agnathan and placodermian fishes), […]

2014, A. Gąsiewicz, M. Słowakiewicz, Palaeozoic Climate Cycles: Their Evolutionary and Sedimentological Impact:

(zoology) Of, or relating to, prehistoric armoured fishes in the paraphyletic class Placodermi.


dipnoid

The dipnoid fishes, which, as we have already seen, attained their maximum of development in the Devonian epoch, show us clearly enough how such a transition probably took place, […]

1918, Arthur Dendy, Outlines of Evolutionary Biology:

A concurrent elimination of sharks from fresh waters, with a countercurrent increase in the dipnoid and ganoid lungfishes, readily can be demonstrated.

1941, Clair Arthaud Hannum, Comparative Chordate Anatomy: A Laboratory Text:

During the Carboniferous some species of dipnoid fish had 30 million years to evolve into reptiles, unless new discoveries may point to other origins for reptiles.

2014, Pietro Gaietto, Phylogenesis of Beauty:

(zoology) Of, or relating to, lungfishes in the class Dipnoi.


hyainailourid

Hyaenodontid pterygoids are generally less developed ventrally and posteriorly than hyainailourid pterygoids (Fig 5, Feature 12; Table 1 ).

(zoology) Any extinct mammal of the family Hyainailouridae


anchitheriine

La Retama preserves an abundant fossil fauna that includes gastropods and vertebrates such as chelonians, crocodiles, lagomorphs, rodents, several carnivorans, anchitheriine equids, rhinoceroses, gomphoteriid elephants, caenotheriids, suids, cervids and palaeomerycids.

2015 December 3, “Systematics and Evolution of the Miocene Three-Horned Palaeomerycid Ruminants (Mammalia, Cetartiodactyla)”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(zoology) Any member of the †Anchitheriinae, an extinct subfamily of equids.


entozoan

(zoology) Of or relating to the Entozoa.


interbarb

During fieldwork we observed that both species of mites usually lie along the rachis of the feather, and do not occupy the sides of the barbs (except in highly parasitized hosts), suggesting that the body length should match the interbarb width.

2015 December 10, “Niche Partitioning of Feather Mites within a Seabird Host, Calonectris borealis”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


strophomenid

(zoology) Any of the Strophomenida, a large extinct order of articulate brachiopods.


pentastomid

(zoology) Any member of the Pentastomida, an enigmatic group of parasitic invertebrates


camallanid

(zoology) Any nematode of the family Camallanidae.


caudipterid

It is also consistent with the exhibition of less resting forelimb flexion in Caudipteridae than in other feathered theropods, because caudipterid forelimbs are shorter than those of most other feathered dinosaurs, eliminating the possibility of contact between feathers and the ground, hence also eliminating the need for tight forelimb folding.

2015 December 17, “Resting Orientations of Dinosaur Scapulae and Forelimbs: A Numerical Analysis, with Implications for Reconstructions and Museum Mounts”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(zoology) Any of the †Caudipteridae, a family of oviraptorosaurian dinosaurs.


mystacocarid

(zoology) Any member of the Mystacocarida, a subclass or order fo the maxillopods.


thermosbaenacean

In the case of leptostracans, brooding takes place ventrally between the mother’s thoracopods, which form a large basket holding the developing embryos, while brooding in thermosbaenaceans takes place dorsally under an enlarged part of the carapace, and that of isopods take place ventrally in a marsupium formed, probably, by modified thoracopodal epipods.

2015 December 19, “Naupliar and Metanaupliar Development of Thysanoessa raschii (Malacostraca, Euphausiacea) from Godthåbsfjord, Greenland, with a Reinstatement of the Ancestral Status of the Free-Living Nauplius in Malacostracan Evolution”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(zoology) Any member of the Thermosbaenacea, a group of crustaceans found in thermal springs.


zugunruhe

Borrowed from German Zugunruhe, from Zug (“move, migration”) and Unruhe (“anxiety, restlessness”).

(ornithology, zoology) Anxious behaviour in migratory animals, especially in birds, experienced at the beginning of the normal migration period.


cleithrum

From Ancient Greek κλεῖθρον (kleîthron).

The secondary arch consists of four pieces of bone, the posttemporal, supracleithrum, cleithrum and postcleithrum.[…]The cleithrum is the largest piece and the other elements are attached to it.

1993, J. J. Videler, Fish Swimming, Springer, page 66:

The main components of which are, from dorsal to ventral, the post-temporal, supracleithrum, cleithrum and the postcleithra.[…]The cleithra of either side of the body are connected with the pharyngeal jaw apparatus and with the urohyal by the bilateral pharyngocleithralis musculature and the median sternohyoideus muscle.

2000, Melanie L. J. Stiassny, “Chapter 6: The Skeletal System”, in Gary Kent Ostrander, editor, The Laboratory Fish, Academic Press, page 116:

In Ichthyostega (Figs 5.2, 5.11), Acanthostega (Fig. 5.20), and also in Hynerpeton (Fig. 5.28C, D) and Ventastega, the cleithrum was relatively reduced, though it was still a substantial dorsally extensive blade.

2012, Jennifer A. Clack, Gaining Ground: The Origin and Evolution of Tetrapods, 2nd edition, Indiana University Press, page 212:

(ichthyology) A large bone in fishes, which extends upward from the base of the pectoral fin and anchors to the cranium above the gills, forming the posterior edge of the gill chamber.


solanderiid

This conflicts with the data on modern solanderiids, which are exclusively marine.

2015 December 24, “Enigmatic Fossils from the Lower Carboniferous Shrimp Bed, Granton, Scotland”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(zoology) Any of the family Solanderiidae of cnidarians within the class Hydrozoa.


cerapodan

(zoology) Any dinosaur in the clade Cerapoda.


trochelminth

(zoology, obsolete) Any member of the Trochelminthes.


hexapody

en-noun

hexapody (countable and uncountable, plural hexapodies)

From hexa- + -pody, from Ancient Greek ἑξα- (hexa-, “six”) and πούς, ποδός (poús, podós, “foot”).

(zoology, uncountable) The property of being a hexapod; six-leggedness.


hardware disease

From the fact that in cattle it is usually caused by hardware such as a piece of wire or a fastener (e.g., fence wire, nail, screw).

(animal husbandry, veterinary medicine) Traumatic gastrointestinal puncture and infection in ruminants (especially cattle) and birds that ingest a sharp object (in livestock usually a metal object such as wire or a fastener); in cattle it usually includes reticuloperitonitis and thus in practice is usually metonymically synonymous with traumatic reticuloperitonitis.


hadrosauriform

Clipping of translingual Hadrosauriformes

clipping

translingual <i class="Latn mention" lang="mul">Hadrosauriformes</i>

(zoology) Belonging to the Hadrosauriformes.


hadrosauriform

(zoology) Any ornithopod dinosaur in the Hadrosauriformes.