euthanasiate

That chemical methods of euthanasia (such as injectable euthanasiates such as barbituates) far outweighed all other methods used to perform euthanasia of laboratory animals.

1990, Gary Martinic, “euthanasia of laboratory animals”, in Animal Technology:

The Environmental Health Unit of Queensland Health has issued appropriately trained wildlife carers in two organisations with authority to hold and use a small selection of restricted (S4) veterinary drugs including: Pentabarbitone sodium (Valabarb, Lethabarb): a veterinary euthanasiate; Alfaxalone and Zoletil: anaesthetics; Diazepam (Pamlin): a sedative; Meloxicam: an antiinflammatory pain reliever.

2005, Jon Haner, Andrew Tribe, “Management of critically ill wildlife: the reality and practice of wildlife euthanasia”, in National Wildlife Rehabilitation Conference:

At all times the euthanasiates should be in a locked container/area when not in the possession of a veterinarian

2012, Australian Veternary Association, Indigenous Community Animal Health Program (ICAHP) Model and Guidelines:

(veterinary medicine) Any drug used to euthanize an animal.


euthanasiate

en-verb

euthanasiate (third-person singular simple present euthanasiates, present participle euthanasiating, simple past and past participle euthanasiated)

euthanasiates (present singular third-person)
euthanasiating (participle present)
euthanasiated (participle past)
euthanasiated (past)

The dog was euthanasiated 40 days after the MRI examination because its convulsions had worsened.

2000, Hiroshi Koie, Ester Norie Kurotobi, Takeo Sakai, “Double-chambered right ventricle in a dog”, in Journal of Veterinary Medical Science, volume 6:

The experiment was carried out 240 days long, on Wistar rats, intraperitoneally injected once with aqueous asbestos suspension. In the end, animals were euthanasiated by prolonged narcosis.

2008, B. Sevastre, C. Cătoi, A.I. Marcus, “LESIONAL ASPECTS IN RAT EXPERIMENTAL ASBESTOSIS”, in Bulletin of University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania:

On a stork whit multiple fractures which was later euthanasiated, some anatomic and histology observation were made on the esophagus.

2009, V Rus, V Miclaus, GC Nadas, D Cadar, “STRUCTURAL PARTICULARITIES OF THE WHITE STORK (CICONIA CICONIA) ESOPHAGUS.”, in Annals of the Romanian Society for Cell Biology, volume 14, number 1:

(veterinary medicine) To kill in a humane manner.


piranha

piranhas (plural)
piranha (plural)
piraña (alternative)
pirana (alternative)
piraya (alternative obsolete)

⇒ Translingual: †Megapiranha

First attested in 1869. The term entered English either via Portuguese piranha or Spanish piraña, from Old Tupi pirãîa.

(ichthyology) Any of certain freshwater fish of the subfamily Serrasalminae, native to South America; they are characterised by razor-sharp teeth and a reputation of being ferocious predators (despite most species being omnivorous).


bicaudal

From bi- + caudal, from Latin cauda (“tail”).


ounce

From Middle French once, from Old French lonce (“lynx”), by false division (the l was thought to be the article), from Italian lonza, ultimately from Ancient Greek λύγξ (lúnx, “lynx”). Doublet of onza and lynx.

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-ounce.wav

The ounce, a leopard-like creature, is dreaded for its depredations by the Indians of Brazil.

1911, James George Frazer, The Golden Bough, volume 8, page 235:

(cryptozoology) Synonym of onza, a particularly aggressive cougar or jaguarundi in Mexican folklore.


suine

en-noun

suine (countable and uncountable, plural suines)

Primitive suines appeared in the Eocene.

1983, The New Encyclopaedia Britannica, volume 7, page 574:

(zoology) (strictly) An even-toed ungulate belonging to the taxonomic subfamily Suinae, which is comprised of modern pigs (genus Sus) and their close relatives, both living and extinct.

(zoology) (loosely) An even-toed ungulate belonging to the suborder Suina.


polyeidism

(zoology) The quality or state of being polyeidic.


larynx

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Borrowed from New Latin larynx, from Ancient Greek λᾰ́ρῠγξ (lắrŭnx, “larynx; windpipe; gullet, throat”).

bor

Meronyms: epilarynx, hypolarynx, orolarynx

There is one thing, among abundance of others, in Anatomy, which has always much affected me with Admiration, [...] It is the Situation and Elaſticity of the Epiglottis, a ſoft Cartilaginous Cover to the Larynx, or Orifice of the Wind-pipe; that this Epiglottis ſhould, all a Man's life, be drawn up, for the Benefit of Reſpiration, and fall down and ſhut, whilſt every bit we eat, and every drop we drink, paſſes over it into the Gullet and Stomach; and that we ſhould ſo ſeldom have Occaſion to cough up a crum, or drop, that may accidentaly ſlip into the Larynx; [...]

1727, Walter Harris, “Section II. Of the Wonderful Works of God.”, in The Great and Wonderful Works of God Humbly Represented: And the Just and Equal Distributions of Providence Demonstrated. […], London: James Roberts […], →OCLC, pages 29–30:

The larynx is the instrument of the voice, of which the rima glottidis is the immediate organ. [...] The change of the voice from acute to grave at the time of puberty, when the larynx undergoes a remarkable development, as well as its acuteness in females, whose glottis is less by one third than that of man, shew that the size of the aperture has a great influence.

1809, William Nicholson, “PHYSIOLOGY”, in The British Encyclopedia, or Dictionary of Arts and Sciences; […], volume V (N … R), London: Printed by C[harles] Whittingham, […]; for Longman, Hurst, Rees, and Orme, […], →OCLC:

The differences in the voices of man and woman cannot but have been always obſerved; and their larynxes exhibit, on a merely ſuperficial inſpection, a great diſproportion in ſize.

1819, Abraham Rees, “LARYNX”, in The Cyclopædia; or, Universal Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and Literature. [...] In Thirty-nine Volumes, volume XX, London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, & Brown, […] [et al.], →OCLC, column 1:

I hope to be understood as not implying that there is no peculiarity of the larynges and tracheæ, except in some genera; for I believe all have the admirable mechanism of the organ of voice differently constructed, with corresponding muscles, and distribution of nerves, producing those various modulations of sound so familiar to us, and destined for the excitement of love, as well as for other purposes.

1830 March 16, Joshua Brookes, “XXIX. On the Remarkable Formation of the Trachea In the Egyptian Tantalus”, in The Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, volume XVI, London: Richard Taylor, […]; Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green, and Longman, […]; William Wood, […], published 1833, →OCLC, page 502:

The work on larynx transplantation has been discussed in the previous paragraphs. Corollary to this is the possible development of an artificial larynx which can be implanted just as an artificial heart might be implanted. Design of such larynxes might permit a quick solution to the problem of tissue rejection.

1968 April 25, John E. Bordley (witness), Departments of Labor, and Health, Education, and Welfare Appropriations for 1969: Hearings before a Subcommittee of the Committee on Appropriations, House of Representatives, Ninetieth Congress, Second Session: […], part 7 (Members of Congress, Interested Individuals and Organizations), Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, →OCLC, page 259:

The ability of Red Deer stags to lower their larynx when roaring appears to be one of the exaggerators of formant dispersal, since the resting position of the male larynx is already lower than the typical mammalian position. [...] Size exaggeration provides an intriguing, non-linguistic explanation for the descent of the human larynx [...].

2003, John Maynard Smith, David Harper, “Indices of Quality”, in Animal Signals, Oxford, Oxforshire, New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, published 2004, →ISBN, 4.2 Are Mammalian Sounds Reliable Indices of Size?, page 47:

Study of intubated larynges from infants of 22 to 40 weeks' gestation who survived a few hours to 300 days showed acute injury was almost invariable, and up to 100% of the subglottic epithelium was lost within a few hour of intubation, but progression of injury was relatively short-lived.

2015, George H. Zalzal, Robin Thomas Cotton, “Glottic and Subglottic Stenosis”, in Marci M. Lesperance, Paul W. Flint, Cummings Pediatric Otolaryngology, Philadelphia, Pa.: Saunders, Elsevier, →ISBN, 6: Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea, and Esophagus, page 350, column 2:

(anatomy, zootomy) A hollow muscular organ of the neck of mammals situated just below where the tract of the pharynx splits into the trachea and the oesophagus. It is involved in breath control and protection of the trachea, and, as it houses the vocal cords, sound production.

laring

organ involved in breath control, protection of the trachea, and sound production

បំពង់កក្នុង

bɑmpʊəŋ kɑɑ knoŋ


wicket

From Anglo-Norman, Old Northern French wiket, from Old Norse (specifically, Old East Norse) víkjas, diminutive of vík. Compare modern French guichet, ultimately from the same Old Norse source.

(veterinary) A device to measure the height of animals, usually dogs.


frontal

Borrowed from New Latin frontālis, from frons (“the forehead, brow, front”) + -ālis (“-al”, adjectival suffix), equivalent to front + -al; cognate of French frontal. Doublet of frontalis.

af

(zootomy) Any of the scales of a reptile that lie in the general region of the forehead, more specifically between the eyes and to the anterior of this area.


alopecoid

From Ancient Greek ἀλώπηξ (alṓpēx, “fox”) + -oid.

In the smaller Alopecoids, such as C. zerda, the temporal ridges remain permanently separate, and inclose a wide lyrate sagittal area, the ridges themselves not being very strongly marked; […]

1880, The Proceedings of the Scientific Meetings of the Zoological Society of London, page 250:

(zoology) An animal that resembles a fox.


dorsal

en-adj

dorsal (comparative more dorsal, superlative most dorsal)

more dorsal (comparative)
most dorsal (superlative)
dossal (alternative)

From Late Middle English dorsal/dorsale, borrowing from Medieval Latin dorsālis (“of or relating to the back”), from dorsum (“the back”) + -ālis (“-al”, adjectival suffix); equivalent to dorsum + -al.

ظَهْرِيّ

relating to the side in which the backbone is located

(anatomy, zootomy) With respect to, or concerning the side in which the backbone is located, or the analogous side of an invertebrate.

(anatomy) Relating to the top surface of the foot or hand.

背側 /背侧

relating to the top surface of foot or hand

(linguistics, of a sound) Produced using the dorsum of the tongue.


dorsal

(zootomy, in snakes) Any of the longitudinal series of plates that encircle the body, excluding the ventral scales.


blackleg

en-noun

blackleg (countable and uncountable, plural blacklegs)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-blackleg.wav

(uncountable, agriculture, veterinary medicine) A fatal cattle disease caused by the soil-borne bacterium Clostridium chauvoei; symptomatic anthrax.


dichromatic

en-adj

dichromatic (comparative more dichromatic, superlative most dichromatic)

more dichromatic (comparative)
most dichromatic (superlative)

From di- + Ancient Greek χρῶμα (khrôma, “color”) + -ic.

(zoology) having two independent channels for conveying color information in the eye.


sucker

From Middle English souker, sokere, sukkere, soukere, equivalent to suck (verb) + -er. Compare Saterland Frisian Suuger, West Frisian sûker (“sucker”), Dutch zuiger (“sucker”), German Sauger (“dummy; vacuum”).

(ichthyology) Any fish in the family Catostomidae of North America and eastern Asia, which have mouths modified into downward-pointing, suckerlike structures for feeding in bottom sediments.


adnate

adnate (comparative more adnate, superlative most adnate)

more adnate (comparative)
most adnate (superlative)

From Latin adnatus, past participle of variant form of agnascor (“born or growing at or upon”).

It differs from N. eleutherus by possessing a more adnate adipose fin and more prominent saddles and from N. albater by having 8 soft pectoral rays, a submarginal adipose bar, and no prominent basicaudal bar (Douglas 1972).

1988, Henry W. Robison, Thomas M Buchanan, Fishes of Arkansas, page 312:

(zoology) Growing with one side adherent to a stem; applied to the lateral zooids of corals and other compound animals. in fish, having the eyes fused and unable to rotate independently


spotless

spotless (comparative more spotless, superlative most spotless)

more spotless (comparative)
most spotless (superlative)

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From Middle English spotles, equivalent to spot + -less.


gula

Learned borrowing from Latin gula (“throat, gullet”).

lbor

(zoology) A plate which in most insects supports the submentum.


anatine

en-adj

anatine (comparative more anatine, superlative most anatine)

more anatine (comparative)
most anatine (superlative)

From Latin anatīnus, from anas, anatis (“a duck”) + -inus (“-ine”).

(zoology) Being of the family Anatidae, comprising the swans, geese, and ducks.


pectus

(anatomy, zoology) The breast, especially of a bird.


promotion

en-noun

promotion (countable and uncountable, plural promotions)

/pɹəˈmoʊʃən/

/pɹəˈməʊʃən/

Late Middle English, from Old French promocion, from Late Latin promotio, from Latin promoveo (“I move forward”).

By simple promotion and remotion, assisted by some flexure and extension, the distal spines of each would reach and scratch the substratum and, on remotion, sweep coarse particles posteriorly and dorsally.

1995, Cladocera as Model Organisms in Biology, →ISBN, page 63:

In other arthropods, promotion-remotion of the leg is accomplished at other joints. For example, in spiders promotion-remotion occurs at the coxa-trochanter joint, insects utilize the body-coxa joint, and […]

2008, John L. Capinera, Encyclopedia of Entomology, volume 4, →ISBN, page 3326:

(zoology, chiefly entomology) Forward motion. (Contrast remotion.)


radiate

en-adj

radiate (comparative more radiate, superlative most radiate)

more radiate (comparative)
most radiate (superlative)

Learned borrowing from Latin radiātus (see Etymology 1 and -ate (adjective-forming suffix) for more).


radiate

From a substantivation of the above adjective through the associated taxon's name (Radiata), see -ate (noun-forming suffix).


pupil

From Middle English pupille, from Old French pupille, from Latin pūpilla (“pupil; little girl, doll”), named because of the small reflected image seen when looking into someone's eye.

der

(zoology) The central dark part of an ocellated spot.


scrotal

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Learned borrowing from New Latin scrōtālis. Equivalent to scrotum + -al.

lbor

Male maturity is evident from descent of the testes; adult males are scrotal year-round, whereas subadult males are partially or nonscrotal.

2008, Melissa A. Hillegass et al., “The influence of sex and sociality on parasite loads in an African ground squirrel”, in Behavioral Ecology, volume 19, number 5, →DOI, pages 1006–1011:


verge

Borrowed from Middle French verge (“rod or wand of office”), hence "scope, territory dominated", from Latin virga (“shoot, rod stick”), of unknown origin. Earliest attested sense in English is now-obsolete meaning "male member, penis" (c.1400). Modern sense is from the notion of 'within the verge' (1509, also as Anglo-Norman dedeinz la verge), i.e. "subject to the Lord High Steward's authority" (as symbolized by the rod of office), originally a 12-mile radius round the royal court, which sense shifted to "the outermost edge of an expanse or area." Doublet of virga.

bor

(zoology) The external male organ of certain mollusks, worms, etc.


farcical

(veterinary medicine, obsolete, rare) Pertaining to farcy.


production

en-noun

production (countable and uncountable, plural productions)

→ Japanese: プロダクション (purodakushon)

/pɹəˈdʌkʃən/

From Middle English produccioun, from Old French production, from Latin prōductiō, prōductiōnem (“a lengthening, prolonging”). See produce.


African hunting dog

en-noun

African hunting dog (plural African hunting dogs)

Lycaon pictus
Lycaon pictus#Translingual

(zoology) A wild canid, Lycaon pictus, typically black, white and tan, found in Tanzania, Kenya, Zimbabwe, Botswana and South Africa.

Naakaii Łizhiní Bikéyahdę́ę́ʼ łééchąąʼí ałchiní


stoma

From New Latin stoma, from Ancient Greek στόμα (stóma, “mouth”).

(zoology) A mouthlike opening, such as the oral cavity of a nematode.


didymous

en-adj

didymous (comparative more didymous, superlative most didymous)

more didymous (comparative)
most didymous (superlative)

Modern Latin, from Ancient Greek δίδυμος (dídumos, “twin”).

(botany, zoology) Twin, twinned; growing or occurring in pairs.


calyx

calyces (plural)
calyxes (plural)
calix (alternative)

From Latin calyx, from Ancient Greek κάλυξ (kálux, “case of a bud, husk”). Doublet of chalice and kelch.

der

(zoology, anatomy) Any of various cup-like structures.

A chamber in the mammalian kidney through which urine passes.

The crown containing the viscera of crinoids and similar echinoderms, entoprocts, and the polyps of some cnidarians.

A funnel-shaped expansion of the vas deferens or oviduct of insects.

A flattened cap of neuropil in the brain of insects.


pharynx

Borrowing from New Latin pharynx, from Ancient Greek φᾰ́ρῠγξ (phắrŭnx, “throat”).

(zootomy) The part of the alimentary canal immediately behind the mouth in invertebrates that may be thickened and muscular, eversible and toothed, or adapted as a suctorial organ.


pneumatic

en-adj

pneumatic (comparative more pneumatic, superlative most pneumatic)

more pneumatic (comparative)
most pneumatic (superlative)
pneumatick (alternative obsolete)

From Latin pneumaticus, from Ancient Greek πνευματικός (pneumatikós, “relating to wind or air”), from πνεῦμα (pneûma, “wind, air, breath, spirit”), from πνέω (pnéō, “I blow, breath”).

der

pneumatic cells or bones

(zoology) Having cavities filled with air

hol-

zoology: having cavities filled with air


molid

(zoology) Any fish in the family Molidae.


measles

Either from Middle Dutch masels (“blood blisters, measels”) or Middle Low German maselen (“red blemishes, measels”), both from Old High German masala (“blood blister, phlegmon”). Doublet of measlings. Cognate with mazer & mase and Middle Low German masele & māsel. Influenced in pronunciation and some senses by mesel (“leprous, leper”).

measle (alternative)
the measles (alternative)
measels (alternative)

The Swyne dyed of the Measils.

Porcine measles, thought by classical writers to be leprosy, is actually the result of tapeworm cysts which cause ulcerations of the pig's tongue.

1992, Maguelonne Toussaint-Samat, translated by Anthea Bell, The History of Food, page 416:

(veterinary medicine) Synonym of cysticercosis: A disease of livestock or meat caused by the presence of tapeworm larvae.


lantern

lanterns (plural)
lanthorn (alternative archaic)

→ Bengali: লন্ঠন (lonṭhon)

Hindi: लालटेन (lālṭen)

→ Irish: laindéar

→ Malay: lentera

Indonesian: lentera

→ Telugu: లాంతరు (lāntaru)

From Middle English lanterne (13th century), via Old French lanterne from Latin lanterna (“lantern”), itself a corruption of Ancient Greek λαμπτήρ (lamptḗr, “torch”) (see lamp, λάμπω (lámpō)) by influence of Latin lucerna (“lamp”). The spelling lanthorn was current during the 16th to 19th centuries and originates with a folk etymology associating the word with the use of horn as translucent cover. For the verb, compare French lanterner to hang at the lamppost. Displaced native Old English lēohtfæt (literally “light-container”).


stifle

The noun is derived from Middle English stifle (“joint between the femur and tibia of a quadruped”) [and other forms]; further etymology uncertain, probably derived from Anglo-Norman estive (“leg”), and Old French estive (“leg”) (compare Old French estival (“boot, shoe”)).
The verb is derived from the noun.

ref

From C[harles] J[ames] Korinek, A[lbie] W[illiam] Korinek (1915) “Diseases of the Horse: Cause, Symptoms and Treatment”, in Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry: Their Cause, Symptoms and Treatment, Portland, Or.: Korinek Remedy Company, →OCLC, page 10.

inh

(zootomy) The joint between the femur and tibia in the hind leg of various four-legged mammals, especially horses, corresponding to the knee in humans.

polvi

(veterinary medicine) A bone disease of this region.


hypermetamorphism

(zoology) An extreme form of metamorphosis occurring in certain insects (especially beetles of the family Meloidae) in which the animal passes through two or more different larval stages.


cloaca

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-cloaca.wav

Borrowed from Latin cloāca (“sewer”), from cluō (“cleanse; purge”).

In birds the rectum, at the termination of its canal, forms an oval or elongated pouch […] and then expands into a cavity, which has been named cloaca.

1822, John Mason Good, The Study of Medicine, volume I, page 7:

(anatomy, zoology) The opening in reptiles, amphibians and birds, as well as elasmobranchians, lobe-finned fishes, marsupials and monotreme mammals, which serves as the common outlet for the urogenital ducts and rectum.

клоа́ка

anatomical feature of birds, reptiles, etc.

総排出腔

そうはいしゅつこう, sōhaishutsukō, そうはいしゅつくう, sōhaishutsukū

排出腔

はいしゅつこう, haishutsukō, はいしゅつくう, haishutsukū


floating

(veterinary medicine) A veterinary dental procedure involving the filing down of sharp surfaces on a horse's teeth.


diastema

en-noun

diastema (plural diastemas or diastemata)

From Late Latin, from Ancient Greek διάστημα (diástēma, “interval, space between”). Compare diastasis.

der

(zoology, anatomy) A gap between teeth of different types, e.g. incisors and molars, which is a feature of some rodents and ungulates.


heterocerc

(zoology) Any fish having a tail with unequal lobes.


heterodont

/ˈhɛtəɹəʊdɒnt/

/ˈhɛtəɹəˌdɑnt/

From hetero- (prefix meaning ‘different’) + -odont (suffix meaning ‘tooth; toothed’). Hetero- is derived from Ancient Greek ἕτερος (héteros, “one or the other of two; different”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sem- (“together; one”); while -odont is from Ancient Greek ὀδούς (odoús, “tooth; tusk”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ed- (“to bite”) + *-ónts (suffix forming nouns denoting body parts). By surface analysis, hetero- + -odont.

der

"On the Homologies and Notation of the Teeth of Mammalia," by W[illiam] H[enry] Flower, F.R.S. […] The classification and special homologies of the teeth of the heterodont mammals was next discussed.

1868, “Quarterly Chronicle of Microscopical Science”, in Edwin Lankester, George Busk, editors, Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, volume VIII (New Series; volume XVI overall), London: John Churchill and Sons, […], →OCLC, pages 277–278:

The adaptation of the form of the teeth on both sides to this position, and the accurate adjustment of their contiguous surfaces, shows that it is a natural conformation. They are, moreover, of very nearly even height throughout the series, and in their configuration present a remarkable and gradual transition from the first incisor to the last molar, easily traced in both jaws, and more even and regular than in any other known heterodont mammal.

1873 June 19, William Henry Flower, “VI. On a Newly Discovered Extinct Ungulate Mammal from Patagonia, Homalodontotherium Cunninghami.”, in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, volume 164, London: […] Taylor and Francis, […], published 1874, →OCLC, page 175:

The few common characters by which the Edentata are associated are too well known to need repetition. The principal one is the abseance of any trace of the typical heterodont and diphyodont dentition, found in a more or less modified form in all other placental mammals.

1882 April 18, William Henry Flower, “On the Mutual Affinities of the Animals Composing the Order Edentata”, in Proceedings of the Scientific Meetings of the Zoological Society of London, number XXV, London: […] [Zoological] Society [of London]; Longmans, Green, Reader, and Dyer, […], →ISSN, →OCLC, page 359:

[I]n many heterodont forms the teeth at the anterior end of the series of premolars and molars are small teeth, standing to the teeth behind them as the first terms of a series more or less regularly progressing in size.

1894, William Bateson, “Linear Series—continued”, in Materials for the Study of Variation Treated with Especial Regard to Discontinuity in the Origin of Species, London, New York, N.Y.: Macmillan and Co., →OCLC, page 269:

The process of evolution of the specialised heterodont dentition of the Mammalia, or of the Theriodontia, from the simple homodont and polyphyodont dentition of the lower Reptilia would, I think, necessarily cause a reduction in number of the successional sets of teeth, due to an enlargement of one set and a consequent abstraction of growth, energy and material from the underlying sets.

1894 August 1, M. F. Woodward, “On the Succession and Genesis of Mammalian Teeth”, in W. H. Dolamore, editor, The Dental Record: A Monthly Journal of Dental Science, Art, and Literature, Devoted to the Interests of the Profession, volume XIV, number 8, London, Manchester: Dental Manufacturing Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 375:

Finally the structure of the palate in ?Acrodus (and to a lesser extent, Hybodus and Asteracanthus) shows certain general resemblances to that of modern heterodont sharks, particularly in the lower postorbital ramus, absence of an orbital process, well-developed ethmoidal articulations and absence of a basal angle.

1981 April 2, Keith Stewart Thomson, “An Early Triassic Hybodont Shark from Northern Madagascar”, in Postilla, number 186, New Haven, Conn.: Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University, published 15 February 1982, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 13, column 1:

Mammalian teeth are characteristically heterodont, i.e. teeth are dissimilar in shape and size.

2007 March, “Dentition in Mammals”, in Mahendra Jain, editor, Competition Science Vision: A Specialized Magazine for Medical Entrance & 10+2 Exams, volume 10, number 109, Agra, Uttar Pradesh: Mahendra Jain for Pratiyogita Darpan, →OCLC, page 76, column 2:

The first cetaceans were heterodont and had multicusped cheek teeth. […] The earliest odontocetes were heterodont, and the earliest mysticetes retained teeth[…], though vascular grooves on their palates suggest baleen too[…].

2010, Peter S. Ungar, “Cenozoic Mammalian Evolution”, in Mammal Teeth: Origin, Evolution, and Diversity, Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, →ISBN, part II (The Evolution of Mammal Teeth), page 120, column 1:

(zootomy) Having teeth of different types (like most mammals).


heterodont

/ˈhɛtəɹəʊdɒnt/

/ˈhɛtəɹəˌdɑnt/

[A]mongst heterodonts there are several Rodents which have no deciduous teeth, e.g., the rat; […] Among Marsupials, which are true heterodonts, there is only one milk molar on each side in each jaw; […]

1876, Charles S[issmore] Tomes, “The Teeth of Mammals”, in A Manual of Dental Anatomy, Human and Comparative, London: J[ohn] & A[ugustus] Churchill, […], pages 276–277:

On the other hand, in the Mammalian orders with two sets of teeth, these organs are said to acquire fixed individual characters, to receive special denominations, and can be determined from species to species, being equivalent to the Heterodonts. The author [William Henry Flower] then showed that […] among the Heterodonts many were partially, and probably some completely, Monophyodonts.

We have Homodonts, or animals with teeth quite homogeneous in shape, and Heterodonts, those having teeth of dissimilar shapes, the large majority of mammals being Heterodonts.

1878 June, C. N. Peirce, “Proceedings of Dental Societies. Alumni Association of the Pennsylvania College of Dental Surgery. [The Varieties of Teeth Found in Animals; Their Muco-dermal Origin, and How the Blending of Their Different Forms in the Class Mammalia Favors the Theory that They are but Modifications from Some Common Ancestral Type.]”, in James W. White, editor, The Dental Cosmos: A Monthly Record of Dental Science. […], volume XX, number 6, Philadelphia, Pa.: Samuel S. White, […], →OCLC, page 320:

In the aberrant Orycteropus (Aard-Vark), with ten adult teeth, [Oldfield] Thomas finds seven milk teeth behind the maxillary suture (thus taking us into the molar region of the typical heterodonts).

1894 January 4, “The Rise of the Mammalia in North America”, in Nature: A Weekly Illustrated Journal of Science, volume XLIX, number 1262, London, New York, N.Y.: Macmillan and Co., →OCLC, page 238, column 2:

In the past, this would have been enough to allow one to suggest a close relationship between hybodonts and heterodonts. However, Campagno (1977) has recently attempted to show that hybodonts belong to a more derived position within the euselachians, specifically being allied with the galeoid oryctoloboids and lamnoids. If this is the case, the absence of the orbital process in heterodonts might be considered a highly derived condition and the overall close similarity of the palates of the two groups a convergence due perhaps to a common pattern of fore-and-aft jaw movements.

Ordovician actinodontoids are probably ancestral to the heterodonts, unionaceans, and trigoniaceans.

1971, Robert A[llen] Cadigan, “Moenkopi Formation and Related Strata”, in Robert A. Cadigan, J. H. Stewart, Petrology of the Triassic Moenkopi Formation and Related Strata in the Colorado Plateau Region: […] (Geological Survey Professional Paper; 692), Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office, →OCLC, page 30, column 2:

Finally, Carditoidea is basal not only to all other sampled heterodonts but also to Anomalodesmata. This is unexpected; although they appear to be relatively primitive heterodonts, they are mophologically similar to other heterodonts exclusive of anomalodesmatans. More molecular data for other primitive heterodonts are needed to test this result, especially Crassatelloidea and Lucinoidea.

2000, D. C. Campbell, “Molecular Evidence on the Evolution of the Bivalvia”, in E[lizabeth] M. Harper, J[ohn] D[avid] Taylor, J. A. Crame, editors, The Evolutionary Biology of the Bivalvia (Geological Society Special Publication; no. 177), London: Geological Society of London, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 44, column 1:

(zoology) A heterodont animal.
(malacology) A heterodont bivalve.

A heterodont animal.
A heterodont bivalve.


gill

From Middle English gille, gylle (“gill”), of North Germanic origin, akin to Danish gælle, Swedish gäl, Norwegian gjelle, and further to Old Norse gjǫlnar (“lips”), which also may have had the meaning of "gills" (based on Old Danish fiskegæln (“gills”)). The Old Norse word has been suggested as deriving from Proto-Germanic *gelunō (“jaw”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰel-, which would make it root-cognate to Ancient Greek χελύνη (khelúnē, “lip, jaw”), χεῖλος (kheîlos, “lip”).
Displaced native Old English ċīe.

cog

Fishes […] perform their respiration under water by the gills.

1691, John Ray, The Wisdom of God Manifested in the Works of the Creation. […], London: […] Samuel Smith, […], →OCLC:

(zootomy) A breathing organ of fish and other aquatic animals.


baleen

en-noun

baleen (countable and uncountable, plural baleens)

From Middle English baleyne, from Old French baleine (“whale, whalebone”), from Latin balaena (“whale”), from Ancient Greek φάλαινα (phálaina, “whale”).

uder

Scammon estimates the number of baleens killed in the years 1835-72 at 131,000; once again, his figure needs to be adjusted.

2007, Lance E. Davis, In Pursuit of Leviathan: Technology, Institutions, Productivity, and Profits:

(zoology, countable) A baleen whale (Mysticeti).


pseudopod

en-noun

pseudopod (plural pseudopods or pseudopodia)

pseudopods (plural)
pseudopodia (plural)

(zoology) A projection acting as a foot in certain insect larvae.


turner

From Middle English turner, torner, tornere, turnere, turnare, equivalent to turn + -er. Also from Middle English turnour, tornour, tournour, turnoure, from Old French tornour, tourneour, tourneur, tornëor (“one who fashions something by turning”).

(zoology) A variety of pigeon; a tumbler.


gens

Bilecik Province
Marcus Aurelius
Roman emperor

Borrowed from Latin gēns (“gens; people, tribe”), from Proto-Italic *gentis, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵénh₁tis (“birth; production”), from *ǵenh₁- (“to beget; to give birth; to produce”) + *-tis (suffix forming abstract or action nouns from verb roots). Doublet of kind, genesis, and jati. See also gender, generate, gentile, genus; also Latin gigno (“I bring forth”).

gentile

of or pertaining to a gens or several gentes

(zoology) A host-specific lineage of a brood parasite species.^([W])


cryptic

en-adj

cryptic (comparative more cryptic, superlative most cryptic)

more cryptic (comparative)
most cryptic (superlative)
cryptick (alternative)

From Late Latin crypticus, from Ancient Greek κρυπτικός (kruptikós), from κρυπτός (kruptós, “hidden”), from κρύπτω (krúptō, “to hide”). Doublet of kryptic.

Lonomia caterpillars are extremely cryptic.

(zoology) Well camouflaged; having good camouflage.

cryptic colouring

Episematic characters are far less common than aposematic, and these than cryptic; although, as regards the latter comparison, the opposite impression is generally produced from the fact that concealment is so successfully attained.

1911, “Colours of Animals”, in The Encyclopædia Britannica, 11th edition, volume V, page 732:

Much of the Permian Capitan reef was strongly differentiated into open surface and cryptic communities.

1999, Rachel Wood, Reef Evolution, page 95:

(zoology) Living in a cavity or small cave.


nominate

PIE word
 *h₁nómn̥
The adjective is first attested in 1450, in Middle English, the verb in 1545; partly from Middle English nominat(e) (“named, designated”), from Latin nōminātus, perfect passive participle of nōminō (“to name”) (see -ate (etymology 1, 2 and 3)), from nōmen (“a name”). Participial usage of the adjective up until Early Modern English.

inh

the nominate subspecies


macaroni

en-noun

macaroni (countable and uncountable, plural macaronis or macaronies)

macaronis (plural)
macaronies (plural)
maccaroni (alternative)
maccheroni (alternative)
mac (alternative)

→ Japanese: マカロニ (makaroni)

→ Korean: 마카로니 (makaroni)

→ Malay:

Arabic script: ماكاروني

Latin script: makaroni

→ Scottish Gaelic: macaroni

From Italian maccaroni, plural of maccarone, obsolete variant of maccheroni (“macaroni, fool”), of uncertain origin. Variously derived from late Byzantine Greek μακαρία (makaría, “food made from barley”), from Ancient Greek μακάριος (makários, “blessed, favored by the gods”), and from maccare (“to bruise, to crush”), archaic variant of ammaccare, from Latin maccāre (“to bruise, to crush”). Compare Sicilian maccarruni (“a single piece of macaroni”). As a fop, apparently from the British Macaroni Club rather than from Italian use of maccarone for fools and bumpkins. As a former form of currency, used to calque Spanish macuquino, 18th-century colonial Spanish slang for a similarly clipped coin.

cog

15 penguins were hatched and reared in the Edinburgh Zoo—seven kings, four gentoos, three maccaronis, and one ringed.

macaroni penguin
macaroni penguin#English

Eudyptes chrysolophus
Eudyptes chrysolophus#Translingual

(countable, zoology) Ellipsis of macaroni penguin (Eudyptes chrysolophus).

Lizards are known among Scotchmen as ‘macaronies’.

1876, Robert Linlithgow Wallace, The Canary Book, page 165:

(countable, Scotland, zoology, obsolete) Synonym of lizard canary.


meta-

From Ancient Greek μετα- (meta-), from μετά (metá), from Mycenaean Greek 𐀕𐀲 (me-ta), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *meth₂ (“in the middle”).

noncog

(botany and zoology) Later or subsequent.

(obsolete, architecture and zoology) Situated between two segments.


bloat

en-verb

bloat (third-person singular simple present bloats, present participle bloating, simple past and past participle bloated)

bloats (present singular third-person)
bloating (participle present)
bloated (participle past)
bloated (past)

Perhaps from Middle English blot, blout (“soft; flexible; pliable”), from Old Norse blautr (“soft”). Akin to Danish blød, Dutch bloot (“nude”) and German bloß (“nude”).

(intransitive, veterinary medicine) To get an overdistended rumen, talking of a ruminant.


bloat

en-noun

bloat (countable and uncountable, plural bloats)

(veterinary medicine) Pathological overdistention of rumen with gas in a ruminant.


supernumerary

From Late Latin supernumerarius (“extra soldier added to a legion; supernumerary”), from super (“above; beyond”) + numerus (“number; collection, quantity”) + -ārius (suffix forming adjectives from nouns or numerals). The word is analysable as super- + numeral + -ary.

refn

From Joseph C. Hughes (1897 September) “Supernumerary Finger Growing from First Metacarpal Bone”, in James Moores Ball, editor, Tri-State Medical Journal and Practitioner, volume IV, number 9, St. Louis, Mo.: [s.n.] 3509 Franklin Avenue, →OCLC, figure 2, page 436.

bor

The best evidence so far that social supernumeraries are physically capable of bettering their lot concerns not rodents but birds.

1996–2005, W[illiam] D[onald] Hamilton, “Sorority Avenue: Altruism and Related Phenomena, Mainly in Social Insects”, in Narrow Roads of Gene Land: The Collected Papers of W. D. Hamilton, volume 1 (Evolution of Social Behaviour), Houndmills, Basingstoke, New York, N.Y.: W. H. Freeman and Company, →ISBN, page 278:

There are differences in the composition of the social group [of certain birds] such as whether one or more sex provides help, and the stability of the associations between supernumeraries and the dominant breeders.

2004, Andrew Cockburn, “Mating Systems and Sexual Conflict”, in Walter D. Koenig, Janis L. Dickinson, editors, Ecology and Evolution of Cooperative Breeding in Birds, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 88, column 1:

(zoology) An animal which has not formed a pair bond and is therefore single.


ovation

From Late Latin ovatio (“egg-laying”) + English -ion (suffix indicating an action or process, or the result of an action or process). Ovatio is derived from ovāre (“to lay eggs”), from Latin ōvum (“egg”) (possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ew- (“dress; to be dressed, clothe oneself”)) + -āre.

der

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-ovation.wav

/əʉˈvæɪ.ʃn̩/

[The ichneumon wasp] drops an egg. She next seeks out a small green caterpillar inhabiting the leaves of the cabbage-plant, which she punctures with her sting, yet so slightly and delicately as not to kill it; she then rolls it up into a circle, and places it in the sandy nest, immediately over the egg. She continues the same labour till she has counted twelve, and deposited twelve caterpillars, one over another; and thus repeats the process of ovation and supply, till she has exhausted herself of her entire stock of eggs.

1825 November, John Mason Good, “Art. I.—On Instinct.”, in Roderick MacLeod, John Bacot, editors, The London Medical and Physical Journal. […], volume LIV, number 4, London: Printed for the proprietors, by J. and C. Adlard, […]; published by J. Souter, […], →OCLC, page 363:

Having considered their animal nature, and their primary formation, as involving the question of spontaneous generation, he described generally the methods of reproduction adopted in this class of animals, and adduced the explanations and opinions offered by the best authorities on the subject, but particularly those of Bremner, [René] Lænnec, and Owen, by which acephalocystic reproduction is referred to imperfect ovation or generation.

1842 February 28, Evory Kennedy, “February 28, Rev. Humphrey Lloyd, D.D., Vice-President, in the Chair. [Paper by Evory Kennedy on the system of generation and habits of certain Acephalocysts.]”, in Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, volume II, number 33, Dublin: Printed by M[ichael] H[enry] Gill, printer to the [Royal Irish] Academy, published 1844, →ISSN, →OCLC, pages 221–222:

Parthenogenetic reproduction, as a rule, takes place in the summer months, as seen in the Aphides, Crustacea (Daphnia), and Cecidomyiæ, where we see the asexual reproduction taking place during the summer, and at the approach of cold weather the process of ovation taking its place.

1892, Fred[erick] V[incent] Theobald, “The Chironomidæ, or Midges”, in An Account of British Flies (Diptera), volume I, London: Elliot Stock, […], →OCLC, page 203:

(zoology, obsolete, rare) The act of laying eggs.


ovule

Borrowed from French ovule (“ovum”), from Latin ōvum (“egg”). Doublet of ovolo.


prehensile

Borrowed from French préhensile, from Latin perfect passive participle prehēnsus, from prehendō (“grasp, seize”) + adjective suffix -ile, from Latin -ilis.

Some monkeys have prehensile tails which they use to pick things up.

(zoology) Able to take hold of and clasp objects; adapted for grasping especially by wrapping around an object.


squalid

Numerous diet studies on squalids have shown that members of this family tend to feed mainly on teleosts and cephalopods[…]

2008, David A. Ebert, James A. Sulikowski, Biology of Skates, page 126:

(zoology) Any member of the family Squalidae of dogfish sharks.


undershot

His blunt undershot mouth curved in a smile that was somewhat ingratiating.

1931, Dashiell Hammett, chapter 3, in The Glass Key, New York: Vintage, published 1972, page 50:

(zoology) Having the lower incisor teeth projecting beyond the upper ones, as in the bulldog.


sculpture

en-noun

sculpture (usually uncountable, plural sculptures)

From Middle English sculpture, from Old French sculpture, from Latin sculptūra (“sculpture”), from sculpō (“to cut out, to carve in stone”).

(zoology) The three-dimensional ornamentation on the outer surface of a shell.


dystocia

dystocia (countable and uncountable, plural dystocias)

From Ancient Greek δυστοκία (dustokía, “difficult childbirth”), from δυσ- (dus-, “bad”) + τόκος (tókos, “childbirth”), from τίκτω (tíktō, “I give birth”).

uder

In macaques, baboons and chimpanzees, dystocia because of breech birth is the commonest category of fetal death.[…]Breech dystocia is rarely a problem for mother or neonates in small, multitocus species like marmosets and tamarins.

2005, James Mahoney, “Primate Management: Medical Care”, in Sonia Wolfe-Coote, editor, The Laboratory Primate, page 256:

Dystocia is defined as difficult delivery. Pelvic dystocia is due to aberrations of the pelvic architecture and its relationship to the presenting fetal part.[…]Fetal dystocia may be due to excessive fetal size from gestational diabetes or congenital anomalies.

2006, Richard Aghababian, Essentials of Emergency Medicine, page 480:

Although fetal dystocias are sometimes relieved by manipulation and instrumentation, cesarean sections are often the only practical methods of treatment.

2008, Dan Rice, The Complete Book of Dog Breeding, 2nd edition, page 96:

It is an appropriate way to allow resolution of the dystocia, after clearing the airway and checking for a nuchal cord.
The prevailing thinking is that the time window in which to resolve a shoulder dystocia before asphyxial insult (not injury) is about 4 minutes.

2009, James A. O′Leary, Shoulder Dystocia and Birth Injury: Prevention and Treatment, page 102:

(medicine, veterinary medicine) A slow or difficult labour or delivery.


rattle

en-noun

rattle (countable and uncountable, plural rattles)

From Middle English ratelen, of uncertain origin; perhaps borrowed from Middle Dutch ratelen or of native origin related to Old English hratele, hrætele (“a plant known for its rustling or rattling sound”), ultimately imitative. The noun (c. 1500) is from the verb.

unc

uncertain

ratel

zoology: organ that produces a rattling sound

râle

sound made in the throat whilst breathing when mucus is not fully cleared

The rattle of the rattlesnake is composed of the hardened terminal scales, loosened in succession, but not cast off, and modified in form so as to make a series of loose, hollow joints.

2017, Kenny Salwey, J. Scott Bestul, The Last River Rat: Kenny Salwey's Life in the Wild
The majority of snakes were killed on the spot, as a snaker only had to produce the rattles to collect the bounty.

(zoology) The set of rings at the end of a rattlesnake's tail which produce a rattling sound.


feral cat

(zoology) A domestic cat that has returned to or was born in a living situation without human care.


macropine

(zoology) Of or relating to the kangaroo or the wallaroo.


microtine

From scientific Latin Microtinae , a subfamily name, from Microtus + -inae.

(zoology) Of or relating to the subfamily Microtinae, including voles, lemmings and muskrats.


periderm

en-noun

periderm (countable and uncountable, plural periderms)

(zoology) The perisarc; the hard outer layer of hydroids and other marine animals.


duplicate

duplicate (countable and uncountable, plural duplicates)

PIE word
 *dwóh₁
Borrowed from Latin duplicātus, perfect passive participle of duplicō, see -ate.

Each collection, which may be a unicate or several specimens as duplicates in several herbaria, constitutes a record in the Conifer Database.

2013, Aljos Farjon, Denis Filer, An Atlas of the World's Conifers: An Analysis of their Distribution, Biogeography, Diversity and Conservation Status, Koninklijke Brill, →ISBN, page 3:

(botany, zoology) A biological specimen that was gathered alongside another specimen and represents the same species.


glance

en-verb

glance (third-person singular simple present glances, present participle glancing, simple past and past participle glanced)

glances (present singular third-person)
glancing (participle present)
glanced (participle past)
glanced (past)
glance (infinitive)
glance (first-person present singular)
glanced (first-person past singular)
glance (present second-person singular)
glancest (archaic present second-person singular)
glanced (past second-person singular)
glancedst (archaic past second-person singular)
glances (present singular third-person)
glanceth (archaic present singular third-person)
glanced (past singular third-person)
glance (plural present)
glanced (past plural)
glance (present subjunctive)
glanced (past subjunctive)
glance (imperative present)
glancing (participle present)
glanced (participle past)
glaunce (alternative)

The verb is derived from Late Middle English glenchen (“of a blow: to strike obliquely, glance; of a person: to turn quickly aside, dodge”) [and other forms], a blend of:
* Old French glacier, glachier, glaichier (“to slide; to slip”) (whence also Middle English glacen (“of a blow: to strike obliquely, glance; to glide”)), from glace (“frozen water, ice”) (from Vulgar Latin *glacia, from Latin glaciēs (“ice”), of uncertain origin, + -ier (suffix forming infinitives of first-conjugation verbs); and
* Old French guenchir, ganchir (“to avoid; to change direction; to elude, evade”) [and other forms], from Proto-West Germanic *wankijan (“to move aside; to stagger, sway; to wave”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *weng- (“to bend”).
The noun is derived from the verb.

nb...

glansen, glence, glench, glens, glanche, glauncen, glaunche

рикоширам

to strike and fly off in an oblique direction to dart aside

lyödä maila vinossa

(cricket) to hit a ball with a bat held in a slanted manner

vihjailla

of a topic: to make an incidental or passing reflection on, often unfavourably — see also allude, hint

[Page 493] [G]eneral impressions of glancing frequency in Acanthochromis juveniles have suggested that the glancing off parents occurs most often in young juveniles and appears to diminish in frequency as juveniles age […] [Page 494] The unusually high variance in lagoon stage-3 juveniles was caused by one relatively small brood (14) that glanced 36 times in one 30-min observation period.

1988 May 1, Kathryn Kavanagh, “Notes on the Frequency and Function of Glancing in Juvenile Acanthochromis (Pomacentridae)”, in Michael E. Douglas, editor, Copeia, number 2, Lawrence, Kan.: American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists, →ISSN, →JSTOR, →OCLC, pages 493 and 494:

(also figuratively) To strike and fly off in an oblique direction; to dart aside.

(ichthyology) Of certain juvenile fish, chiefly of the Cichlidae family: to rapidly touch the side of its parent's body, usually to feed on mucus.

vilkuilla

of certain juvenile fish: to rapidly touch the side of its parent’s body


glance

en-noun

glance (countable and uncountable, plural glances)

(ichthyology) Of certain juvenile fish, chiefly of the Cichlidae family: an act of rapidly touching the side of its parent's body, usually to feed on mucus.

vilkuilu

of certain juvenile fish, chiefly of the Cichlidae family: an act of rapidly touching the side of its parent’s body, usually to feed on mucus


plume

From Late Middle English plum, plume (“feather; plumage”), from Anglo-Norman plum, plume f and Middle French, Old French plume f, plome (“plumage; down used for stuffing pillows, etc.; pen, quill”) (modern French plume f (“feather; pen, quill; pen nib; (figurative) writer”)), and directly from its etymon Latin plūma f (“feather; plumage; down”) (compare Late Latin plūma f (“pen, quill”)), from Proto-Italic *plouksmā, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *plewk- (“to fly; to flow; to run; to flap with hands; to splash”).
The English word is a doublet of pluma.

der

(zoology) A body part resembling a feather.

The furry tail of certain dog breeds (such as the Samoyed) that curls over their backs or stands erect.

More fully gill plume: a feathery gill of some crustaceans and molluscs.


wired

en-adj

wired (comparative more wired, superlative most wired)

more wired (comparative)
most wired (superlative)


ventricle

From late Middle English, from Latin ventriculus (“the belly”), diminutive of venter (“the belly”). Doublet of ventriculus.

Meronyms: left ventricle, right ventricle

The muscular ventricles pump blood by contracting their fibers in response to electrical stimulation.

2018, Sandeep Jauhar, Heart: a History, →ISBN, page 47:

(anatomy, zootomy) Any small cavity within a body; a hollow part or organ, especially:

Meronyms: fourth ventricle, lateral ventricle, third ventricle

the ventricle of memory

c. 1595–1596 (date written), William Shakespeare, “Loues Labour’s Lost”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene ii]:

(neuroanatomy) One of four fluid-filled cavities in the brain, that are continuous with the central canal of the spinal cord.

[On birds] Where omitting the more general Properties, of having two Ventricles, and picking up stones to conveigh them into their second Ventricle, the Gizzern, (which provision and instinct is a supply for the want of teeth;) […]

1662, Henry More, An Antidote Against Atheism, Book II: A Collection of Several Philosophical Writings of Dr. Henry More, page 72:

(archaic) A ventriculus; especially, a stomach.


umbilicus

en-noun

umbilicus (plural umbilici or umbilicuses)

Borrowed from Latin umbilīcus (“navel”).

(zoology) A depression or opening in the center of the base of many spiral shells.

(zoology) Either of the two apertures in the calamus of a feather.


chalaza

From Ancient Greek χάλαζα (khálaza, “hailstone, lump”).

der

(zoology) One of the two spiral bands which attach the yolk of an egg to the eggshell, suspending it in the white.


jumper

(arachnology, informal) A jumping spider.


thorax

From Latin thorax, from Ancient Greek θώραξ (thṓrax, “a breastplate, cuirass, corslet”).

Holonym: body

Meronyms: prothorax, mesothorax, metathorax

(entomology and arachnology) The middle of three distinct divisions in an insect, crustacean or arachnid body to which the legs are attached.


polyzoan

en-adj

polyzoan (comparative more polyzoan, superlative most polyzoan)

more polyzoan (comparative)
most polyzoan (superlative)


polyzoary

en-noun

polyzoary (plural polyzoaries or polyzoaria)

polyzoaries (plural)
polyzoaria (plural)
polyzoarium (alternative)

From New Latin polyzoārium (“polyzoary”).

(zoology) The polypary of such a colony.


polyzoarium

From Latin polyzoārium (“polyzoary”), from polyzoa + -arium.


polyzoic

(zoology) Of a tapeworm, having multiple proglottids.


polyzoic

(zoology) A spore that produces many sporozoites.


bryozoan

/ˌbɹɑɪəˈzəʊən/

The blanket of bryozoans also blocks out some of the light needed by the blade for photosynthesis.

1991, Martha Holmes, Sea Trek, BBC Books, page 79:

Every microscopic individual in a bryozoan colony is a clone of the original animal that settled on the lake floor, and is a hermaphrodite, both male and female.

2022, Thomas Halliday, Otherlands, Penguin, published 2023, page 163:

(zoology) A member of the phylum Bryozoa of aquatic, usually colonial invertebrates.


bryozoan

/ˌbɹɑɪəˈzəʊən/


hoary

en-adj

hoary (comparative hoarier, superlative hoariest)

hoarier (comparative)
hoariest (superlative)

Possibly from Middle English *hori (suggested by horilocket (“hoary-locked, having hoary locks or curls”)), equivalent to hoar + -y. Alternatively, Middle English horilocket may represent Middle English hor (“hoar, hoary”) + ilocket (“locked”) rather than hori (“hoary”) + locket (“locked”).


mandible

mandibles (plural)
mandibula (alternative)

From late Middle English, from Late Latin mandibula (“a jaw”), from mandō (“to chew, masticate”) + -bula (instrument noun suffix).

af

The jaw or a jawbone, especially the lower jawbone in mammals and fishes.

Either of the upper and lower segments of a bird's beak.

Any of various invertebrate mouthparts serving to hold or bite food materials.

One of the anterior pair of mouthparts of an arthropod, designed for holding and cutting food.


cartilaginous

en-adj

cartilaginous (comparative more cartilaginous, superlative most cartilaginous)

more cartilaginous (comparative)
most cartilaginous (superlative)
cartilagenous (alternative)
cartilagineous (alternative)
cartiliginous (alternative)

Borrowed from Latin cartilāginōsus (“full of cartilage, very gristly”), from cartilāgō (“cartilage, gristle”) + -ōsus (“-ous, -ose”); compare French cartilagineux. Equivalent to cartilage + -ous, with modifications made to its morphology.

af

Cartilaginous fish such as the angler fish have a skeletal structure made up of cartilage.

[T]here are other Bodies beſides Shells found in the Earth, reſembling the Teeth and Bones of ſome Fiſhes, […] the Vertebres of Thornbacks and other Cartilagineous Fiſhes there found, and ſold for Stones among the Gloſſopetræ, […]

1692, John Ray, “Of Formed Stones, Sea-shells, and Other Marine-like Bodies Found at Great Distances from the Shores?”, in Miscellaneous Discourses Concerning the Dissolution and Changes of the World. […], London: […] Samuel Smith, […], →OCLC, page 109:

(anatomy) Comprising soft cartilage rather than bone.

(zoology, of a vertebrate animal) Having a skeleton of cartilage.


hypo

en-noun

hypo (countable and uncountable, plural hypos)

Clipping of various terms beginning with hypo-, from Ancient Greek ὑπό (hupó, “under”).

(informal, zoology) A hypomelanistic snake.


pachyderm

Borrowed from French pachyderme, equivalent to pachy- (“thick”) + -derm (“skin”).

(obsolete, zoology) A member of the obsolete taxonomic order Pachydermata, grouping of thick-skinned, hoofed animals such as the rhinoceros, hippopotamus, elephant and tapir.


patent

en-adj

patent (comparative more patent, superlative most patent)

more patent (comparative)
most patent (superlative)

From Middle English patent, patente (“wide open; clear, unobstructed; unlimited; of a document: available for public inspection”) [and other forms], from Anglo-Norman and Middle French patent (modern French patent), and directly from their etymon Latin patēns (“open; accessible, passable; evident, manifest; exposed, vulnerable”), the present active participle of pateō (“to be open; to be accessible, attainable; to be exposed, vulnerable; of frontiers or land: to extent, increase”), from Proto-Indo-European *peth₂- (“to spread out; to fly”).

der

[ˈpʰæ̝ʔn̩t̚]

[ˈpʰe̞ɪʔn̩t̚]

(medicine, veterinary medicine) Of an infection: in the phase when the organism causing it can be detected by clinical tests.


palp

* (verb): From French palper.
* (noun): From New Latin palpus (“a feeler”).
* Both ultimately from Latin palpō (“to stroke, touch softly, feel”).

Below her formidable eyes her fangs are flanked by limb-like mouthparts: her palps, coloured a startling white like a quivering moustache.

2015, Adrian Tchaikovsky, Children of Time, Pan Books (2016), page 20:


digitigrade

/ˈdɪdʒɪtɪˌɡɹeɪd/

/ˈdɪd͡ʒətəɡɹeɪd/

From French digitigrade, from Latin digitus (“finger, toe, digit”) + -grade (“gait”); compare New Latin digitigradus.

(zoology) Of an animal: walking on the toes, putting the weight of the body mainly on the ball of the foot, with the back of the foot, or heel, raised.

(zoology) Of feet or a manner of walking: of, resembling, or pertaining to that of a digitigrade animal.

(zoology, specifically) Belonging to the Digitigrada of the taxonomic order Carnivora.


digitigrade

/ˈdɪdʒɪtɪˌɡɹeɪd/

/ˈdɪd͡ʒətəɡɹeɪd/

(zoology, chiefly in the plural) A digitigrade animal; an animal that walks on its toes, such as a cat or a dog.


plantigrade

[ˈpleə̯ɾ̃əˌɡɹeɪ̯d]

From French plantigrade, from Latin planta (“sole of the foot”) (from Proto-Indo-European *pléh₂-n̥t-eh₂, from *pleh₂- (“flat”)) + -grade, from Latin gradus (“pace, step”).

(zoology) Of an animal: walking with the entire sole of the foot on the ground.


plantigrade

[ˈpleə̯ɾ̃əˌɡɹeɪ̯d]

(zoology) A plantigrade animal; an animal that walks with the entire sole of the foot on the ground.


trivium

PIE word
 *tréyes
Borrowed from Latin trivium.

(zoology) The three anterior ambulacra of echinoderms, collectively.


giddy

en-adj

giddy (comparative giddier, superlative giddiest)

giddier (comparative)
giddiest (superlative)

The adjective is derived from Middle English gidi, gedy, gydy (“demonically controlled or possessed; crazy, insane; foolish, idiotic, ridiculous, unwise; unsure; (rare) dizzy, shaky; (rare) of an animal: crazed, out of control; a fool”) [and other forms], from Old English gidiġ, gydiġ (“possessed by a demon or spirit, insane, mad”), from Proto-West Germanic *gudīg (“ghostly, spirited”, literally “possessed by a god or spirit”), from *god (“god”) + *-ig, *-g (suffix forming adjectives with the senses of being, doing, or having). The English word is analysable as god + -y (suffix meaning ‘having the quality of’, forming adjectives).
The noun and the verb are derived from the adjective.

nb...

gedi, gidie, gidy, gudi, gudiʒe, guidi, guydi, gydi, gydie

лекомислен

unable to concentrate or think seriously; easily excited — see also impulsive

лекомислен

lightheartedly silly — see also frivolous

(British, dialectal, agriculture, veterinary medicine) Of an animal, chiefly a sheep: affected by gid (“a disease caused by parasitic infestation of the brain by tapeworm larvae”), which may result in the animal turning around aimlessly.

pyörimistautia poteva

of an animal, chiefly a sheep: affected by gid


giddy

(British, agriculture, veterinary medicine) Synonym of gid (“a disease caused by parasitic infestation of the brain by tapeworm larvae”).


thanatosis

en-noun

thanatosis (usually uncountable, plural thanatoses)

From New Latin; by surface analysis, thanato- + -osis.


pubescent

en-adj

pubescent (comparative more pubescent, superlative most pubescent)

more pubescent (comparative)
most pubescent (superlative)

From Middle French pubescent, from Latin pubescens (“to become hairy, downy, or an adult”).

uder

(botany, zoology) Covered with down or fine hairs.


picked

en-adj

picked (comparative more picked, superlative most picked)

more picked (comparative)
most picked (superlative)

the picked dogfish

(zoology, of fishes) Having a pike or spine on the back.


yahoo

From Gulliver's Travels by Jonathan Swift, where Yahoo is the name of a race of brutes.

1835, James Holman, Travels, quoted by Malcolm Smith, Bunyips and Bigfoots (Millennium Books, 1996, →ISBN), who notes that the Australian sense almost certainly derives from Gulliver's Travels, despite Holman's report
The natives are greatly terrrified by the sight of a person in a mask calling him "devil" or Yah-hoo, which signifies evil spirit.

1985, Michael Raynal, Yahoos in the Bahamas: Cryptozoology, volume 4:

(cryptozoology) A humanoid cryptid said to exist in parts of eastern Australia, and also reported in the Bahamas.


cycloid

(zoology, of fish scales) Thin and rounded, with smooth edges.


oral cavity

(zootomy, in haustellate insects, rare) The hollow on the lower surface of the head from which the proboscis protrudes.


lurid

lurid (comparative more lurid, superlative most lurid)

more lurid (comparative)
most lurid (superlative)

Borrowed from Latin lūridus (“pale yellow, wan”).

(zoology) Having a colour tinged with purple, yellow, and grey.


heartworm

en-noun

heartworm (countable and uncountable, plural heartworms)

(veterinary medicine) A parasitic organism that afflicts dogs, of species Dirofilaria immitis of roundworms.

(veterinary medicine) (uncountable) The condition caused by this organism.


maxilla

maxilla (plural maxillae or (obsolete) maxillæ or maxillas)

maxillae (plural)
maxillæ (obsolete plural)
maxillas (plural)

From Middle English, from Latin māxilla (“the jawbone, jaw”), diminutive of māla (“the cheekbone, jaw”).

An upper jaw especially of humans and other mammals in which the bony elements are closely fused.

(anatomy) Either of the two bones that lie with one on each side of the upper jaw lateral to the premaxilla and that in higher vertebrates bear most of the teeth.

(zootomy) One of the first or second pair of mouthparts posterior to the mandibles in many arthropods that are used for tasting and manipulating food.


sternum

Borrowed from New Latin sternum, related to Old English steorn (“forehead”), German Stirn (“forehead”).

(arachnology) The sclerotized ventral plate of spiders, between the coxae, marking the floor of the cephalothorax.


monotreme

(zoology) Any of the order Monotremata of mammals that lay eggs and have single orifices for urogenital and digestive functions (cloaca); an echidna, platypus or one of their extinct relatives.

однопрохо́дное

млекопита́ющее

яйцекладу́щее

млекопита́ющее

клоа́чное

млекопита́ющее


phalange

Borrowed from Middle French phalange. Doublet of phalanx, planch, plancha, planche, and plank.

doublet

(zoology) Any of the joints of an insect's tarsus.


hyoid

Borrowing from French hyoïde, from New Latin hȳoīdēs, from Ancient Greek ῡ̔οειδής (hūoeidḗs, “shaped like the letter "υ"”), from ὖ (û, “the Greek letter upsilon”) + -ο- (-o-) + -ειδής (-eidḗs, “-like, -oid”).

af

(anatomy, zootomy, relational) Of or pertaining to the hyoid bone.


ossicle

Late 16th century, from Latin ossiculum (“little bone, ossicle”) from os (“bone”).

uder

(zoology) Bone-like joint or plate, especially:

one of numerous small calcareous structures forming the skeleton of certain echinoderms, as the starfishes;

one of the hard articuli or joints of the stem or branches of a crinoid or encrinite;

one of the several small hard chitinous parts or processes of the gastric skeleton of crustaceans, as in the stomach of a lobster or crawfish.

The skeleton of echinoderms is made of ossicles, linked to each other via muscles and connective tissue.

The eyeballs were surrounded by a ring of bones, the sclerotic ossicle, which probably protected their eyes when diving abruptly for prey.

1836, William Buckland, Geology and Mineralogy, Considered with Reference to Natural Theology, volume 1, William Pickering, page 174:


malleus

From Latin malleus (“hammer, mallet”). Doublet of maul.

(ichthyology) The tripus (ossicle in cypriniform fishes).

[…] in the typical mastax of a Brachionus there are two hammer-like bodies (mallei), which work on a kind of split anvil (incus); […] each malleus consists of an upper part or head (uncus) and a lower or handle (manubrium);

1884, “Memoirs: An Attempt to re-classify the Rotifers”, in Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science 1884 s2-24, C.T.: Hudson, pages 335-356:

(zoology) One of the paired calcareous structures within the mastax of rotifers.


stapes

From Medieval Latin stapēs (“stirrup”). Doublet of step.

The tympanic cavity is spanned by the three smallest bones in the body: the auditory ossicles[…] These bones, named for their shape, are the malleus (malʹe-us; "hammer"); the incus (ingʹkus; "anvil"); and the stapes (staʹpēz; "stirrup"). The "handle" of the malleus is secured to the eardrum, and the base of the stapes fits into the oval window.

2010, Elaine Nicpon Marieb, Katja Hoehn, Human Anatomy & Physiology, 8th edition, page 576:

(anatomy, zootomy) A small stirrup-shaped innermost ossicle of the middle ear of mammals, transmitting vibrations from the incus to the inner ear.


Champ

Clipping of Champlain (“Lake Champlain”).

clipping

Champy (alternative)
Champie (alternative)
Champee (alternative)

(cryptozoology) A large aquatic creature, similar to the Loch Ness monster, which supposedly lives in Lake Champlain, located on the shared borders of the American states of Vermont and New York and the Canadian province of Quebec.


Y

(lepidopterology) A moth of the genus Plusia, having markings resembling the letter Y.


tarsus

kitax̂

the part of the foot between the main part of the hindlimb and the metatarsus

(anatomy, zootomy) The part between the main part of the hindlimb and the metatarsus in terrestrial vertebrates.

(anatomy) A group of small bones in this part of the foot. The seven bones of the human tarsus form the ankle and upper part of the foot.

глезен

any of the seven bones in this part of the foot

On the ledge, the guillemots shuffle awkwardly about on their tarsi, the long bone connecting the ‘ankle’ to the feet.

2020, Tim Ecott, The Land of Maybe, Short Books, published 2021, page 99:

(zootomy) The shank or tarsometatarsus of the leg of a bird or reptile.

(zootomy) The true foot or the fifth joint of the leg of an insect or other arthropod, typically consisting of several small segments and ending in a claw.


tarsal

From tarsus + -al, cognate to New Latin tarsālis.

(anatomy, zootomy) Of or relating to the tarsus.


tarsal

(anatomy, zootomy) Ellipsis of tarsal bone.


capitate

From Latin capitātus (“having a head”), from caput (“head”) + -ātus, see -ate (adjective-forming suffix) and -ate (noun-forming suffix). The noun comes from the clipping of capitate bone.

1884 A. de Bary Comparative Anatomy of the Vegetative Organs of the Phanerogams and Ferns. Oxford University Press
Capitate hairs occur on most leaf-forming plants, especially Dicotyledons and Ferns, as a rule in company with non-glandular hairs. It is true they are absent from many large groups... To this category belong in the first place the great majority of the universally distributed glandular hairs ... Meanwhile we need only remark here, that the glandular hairs are characterised by no special form, but rather by definite properties of the cell walls; therefore the terms capitate and glandular hair are not equivalent. In the case of many capitate hairs, it is as yet uncertain whether they possess the characteristic properties of glandular hairs...

Capitate antennae are thin through most of the structure, then abruptly widen, so it looks like the head of a pin sitting on the end of the antennae. This antennal shape is commonly found in butterflies.

2020 Jason H. Byrd, Jeffery K. Tomberlin (eds) Forensic Entomology ISBN: 978-0-815-35016-3

(botany, zoology) Topped with a dense, head-like cluster, such as the inflorescences of composites or the antennae of some insects.


shinbone

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-shinbone.wav

From Middle English schinboon, schineboon, from Old English sċinbān (“shin, shinbone”), from Proto-West Germanic *skinubain, from Proto-Germanic *skinōbainą, equivalent to shin + bone. Cognate with Dutch scheenbeen (“shinbone”), German Schienbein (“shinbone”), Danish skinneben (“shin, shinbone”), Swedish skenben (“shinbone”).


thoracic

thoracics (plural)
thoracick (alternative obsolete)

From Ancient Greek θωρακικός (thōrakikós, “suffering in the chest, of the thorax”), from θώραξ (thṓrax, “thorax”).

der

(zoology) One of a group of fishes having the ventral fins placed beneath the thorax or beneath the pectoral fins.


didactyl

(zoology) Having only two toes, fingers or claws.


nasal bone

nasal bones (plural)
nasal (alternative)

(anatomy, zootomy) Either of two bones of the skull of vertebrates above the fishes which lie in front of the frontal bones and in humans are oblong in shape forming by their junction the bridge of the nose and partly covering the nasal cavity.


turbinate

en-adj

turbinate (comparative more turbinate, superlative most turbinate)

more turbinate (comparative)
most turbinate (superlative)

a turbinate shell

(zoology) Spiral and decreasing sharply in diameter from base to apex.

kierteinen

zoology: spiral and decreasing sharply in diameter


membranous

membranous (comparative more membranous, superlative most membranous)

more membranous (comparative)
most membranous (superlative)
membraneous (alternative)

From Middle French membraneux; equivalent to membrane + -ous.

(anatomy, zoology) Having the qualities of, or pertaining to, a membrane.


rotula

Learned borrowing from Latin rotula. Doublet of role and roll.

(zoology) One of the five radial pieces in the dentary apparatus of the sea urchin.


vertebral

-ɜː(ɹ)tɪbɹəl

(zootomy) Any of the large dorsal scales along the top of a snake's back.


zootomy

en-noun

zootomy (usually uncountable, plural zootomies)

From New Latin zōotomia, corresponding to zoo- + -tomy.

(zoology) The dissection or anatomy of animals.


nervure

(zoology) A vein in the wing of an insect.


cutaneous

From New Latin *cutaneus, from Latin cutis (“skin”).

(anatomy, zoology) Of, relating to, existing on, or affecting the exterior skin, especially the cutis.


mastoid

Borrowed from New Latin mastoīdēs, from Ancient Greek μᾰστοειδής (măstoeidḗs, “like a breast”), from μᾰστός (măstós, “a woman's breast”) + -ειδής (-eidḗs, “-like, -oid”).

af

(anatomy) Being the process of the temporal bone behind the ear.

(zootomy) Being any of several bony elements that occupy a similar position in the skull of lower vertebrates.


tabula

en-noun

tabula (countable and uncountable, plural tabulae or (archaic) tabulæ)

tabulae (plural)
tabulæ (archaic plural)

From Latin tabula. Doublet of table and tavla.

The tabulæ may be well developed, approximately horizontal, remote plates, as is usually the case in Zaphrentis and Amplexus, or they may anastomoze in various ways, and become so intimately connected with one another as to give rise to a species of vesicular tissue.

1877, “Corals”, in The Encyclopædia Britannica: a Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and General Literature, 9th edition, volume VI, Edinburgh: Adam and Charles Black, page 383:

When fully developed (fig. 66), they are transverse plates, which extend completely across the visceral chamber, and divide it into a series of stories placed one above the other, the only living portion of the coral being above the last formed tabula. Tabulæ are found in various of the Zoantharia sclerodermata, in some of the Alcyonaria, and in a great many of the Rugosa.

1879, Henry Alleyne Nicholson, A Manual of Palæontology for the Use of Students with a General Introduction on the Principles of Palæontology, 2nd edition, volume I, Edinburgh and London: William Blackwood and Sons, page 183:

Septa from 110 to 124, of two orders. The principal ones can be traced almost to the centre as crests on the tabulæ. The secondaries scarcely attain 4 millimetres, including the epitheca. They often bend towards the primaries, and are united by a few dissepiments (or rather the subdivided margins of the tabulæ). These latter are large, and virtually extend across the entire visceral chamber. The fossula (well seen in fig. 4) is formed by a deep inflexion of the tabulæ, the septa bending round with the margin of the depression.

1884, The Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, volume the fortieth, page 501:

Frontal with a tabula, with a crescent of small, slit-like pores.

1968, Danish Science Press, Atlantide Report: Scientific Results of the Danish Expedition to the Coasts of Tropical West Africa, 1945-1946, Aarhuus Stiftsbogtrykkerie, page 220:

Fig. 12.5. Tabulate, rugose and scleractinian corals. i. Portion of a colony of Favosites. Note the very minute corallites closely packed together. ii. The chain coral Halysites, one corallite partially cut away to expose tabulae.

1987, E. W. Nield, Drawing & Understanding Fossils: A Theoretical and Practical Guide for Beginners, with Self-assessment, Pergamon Press, →ISBN, page 92:

In the axially sectioned, middle part of the corallite, tabulae are complete, leaning at approximately 50° from the corallite wall to its axis.

1972, Bull. K. Belg. Inst. Nat. Wet, page 69:

Dactylostyles absent but, at and below coenosteal level, dactylopore tubes contain a series of incomplete tabulae (herein termed pseudotabulae), each approximately 10 μm thick and spaced 50–70 μm apart (Plate 21, c, d0. Pseudo-tabulae originate from opposing lateral and sometimes anterior edges of the dactylopore tube but never quite meet to form complete tabulae.

1989, New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir, page 38:

The latter differs strictly from Buffonellodes in lacking oral spines, and in possessing an ectooecial tabula and supplementary acute frontal avicularia, and requires a new genus.

2018, Patricia L. Cook, Philip E. Bock, Peter J. Hayward, Dennis P. Gordon, “3. Class Gymnolaemata, Order Cheilostomata”, in Patricia L. Cook, Philip E. Bock, Dennis P. Gordon, Haylee J. Weaver, editors, Australian Bryozoa, volume 2: “Taxonomy of Australian Families”, CSIRO Publishing, →ISBN, “7. Taxonomic treatments of families of Cheilostomata”, “Australian diversity”, page 203:

(zoology) One of the transverse plants found in the calicles of certain corals and hydroids.


python

From Latin pȳthon, from Ancient Greek Πύθων (Púthōn), the name of the mythological enormous serpent at Delphi slain by Apollo, probably from Πυθώ (Puthṓ), older name of Delphi.

(zoology) A type of large constricting snake.


ADR

ADR (countable and uncountable, plural ADRs)

/eɪ diː ˈɑː/

Anytime you notice your horse is ADR instead of BAR, it's time to get on the phone to your vet.

2018, Kendra Gale, The Big Book of Miniature Horses, Trafalgar Square Books, →ISBN:

(veterinary medicine, slang, uncountable) Initialism of ain't doin' right (the situation where an animal appears unwell but has not yet been diagnosed with any specific illness).


ruffle

From Middle English ruffelen, perhaps from Old Norse hrufla (“to graze, scratch”) or Middle Low German ruffelen (“to wrinkle, curl”). Further origin unknown. Related to Middle Dutch ruyffelen, German Low German ruffeln. See English ruff.

unk

unknown

(zoology) The connected series of large egg capsules, or oothecae, of several species of American marine gastropods of the genus Fulgur.


urochord

urochords (plural)
urocord (alternative)

(zoology) A notochord that is limited to the caudal region; especially in the Urochordata


opisthosoma

en-noun

opisthosoma (plural opisthosomas or opisthosomata)

opisthosomas (plural)
opisthosomata (plural)

(zoology) The posterior segment of the two-part body structure of chelicerates. Often used interchangeably with abdomen.


sinus

Learned borrowing from Latin sinus (“a bent surface, curve, hollow”). Doublet of sine.

lbor

(anatomy, zootomy) A pouch or cavity in a bone or other tissue, especially one in the bones of the face or skull connecting with the nasal cavities (the paranasal sinus).


talon

From Middle English talon, taloun, from Old French talon (“heel, spur”), from Medieval Latin tālōnem, from Vulgar Latin *tālōnis, from Latin tālus (“ankle”).

(zoology) One of certain small prominences on the hind part of the face of an elephant's tooth.


scurvy

en-noun

scurvy (usually uncountable, plural scurvies)

The adjective is derived from Late Middle English scurvi, scurvy, variants of scurfi (“having scurf, scabby”), from scurf (“skin disease causing scabs or scales; flakes of skin that fall off due to a skin disease, etc.”) + -i (suffix forming adjectives). Scurf is derived from Old English scurf, from Proto-Germanic *skurf- (“to gnaw”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to cut off, sever; to divide, separate”). By surface analysis, scurf (“skin disease; flakes of skin that fall off due to a skin disease; crust-like formations on the skin”) + -y (suffix meaning ‘having the quality of’ forming adjectives).
The noun is derived from the adjective. It was used to translate the similar-sounding Dutch scheurbuik, French scorbut, Middle Low German schorbūk (“scurvy (disease)”), etc.

cog

(uncountable, by extension, veterinary medicine, obsolete) A cattle disease, perhaps affecting the skin.


agonistic

en-adj

agonistic (comparative more agonistic, superlative most agonistic)

more agonistic (comparative)
most agonistic (superlative)

From Ancient Greek ἀγωνιστικός (agōnistikós).

Although most agonistic interactions consist of signals of threat and submission, symbolic aggression is effective only because the possibility of escalation exists […]

1978, Donald Symons, “The Question of Function: Dominance and Play”, in Euclid O. Smith, editor, Social Play in Primates, New York: Academic Press, page 207:

This was clearly such an event, but like the ancient religion of Israel, it was also deeply agonistic.

2006, Karen Armstrong, The Great Transformation, Atlantic Books, published 2007, page 66:

Sociality swung wildly between extremes of collective affiliation and agonistic striving for dominance.

2014, Lucas Bessire, Behold the Black Caiman: A Chronicle of Ayoreo Life, The University of Chicago Press, Introduction, p. 8:

(zoology, anthropology) Characterised by conflict or hostility.


alpha female

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-alpha female.wav

(zoology, ethology) The dominant female in a social or group hierarchy.


rudimentary

/ˌɹuːdɪˈmɛntəɹi/

/ˌɹuːdɪˈmɛnt͡ʃɹi/

(zoology, usually in the plural) One of the rudimentary mammae of boars.


embolus

The term was coined in 1848 by Rudolf Virchow From Latin embolus (“piston”), from Ancient Greek ἔμβολος (émbolos, “peg, stopper”).

der

Those spiders with a simple bulb insert most of this; those with a complex palp insert only the embolus, which in some species is very long […]

1996, Michael J Roberts, Spiders of Britain and Northern Europe, Collins, published 1996, page 22:

(zoology) The structure on the end of the palp of male arachnids which contains the opening to the ejaculatory duct.


apomixis

en-noun

apomixis (countable and uncountable, plural apomixes)

From German Apomixis, from apo- + mixis.

(zoology) Animal reproduction in which the egg cell does not undergo meiosis or fertilization.

apomiksja

animal reproduction in which the egg cell does not undergo meiosis or fertilization


eavesdrop

en-verb

eavesdrop (third-person singular simple present eavesdrops, present participle eavesdropping, simple past and past participle eavesdropped)

eavesdrops (present singular third-person)
eavesdropping (participle present)
eavesdropped (participle past)
eavesdropped (past)

From eaves + drop; the "listening" sense derives from the notion of the listener standing in the area denoted by the physical sense.

[…] Eastern Red Bat will eavesdrop on the sonar calls of other red bats to locate potential insect prey.

1993, David W. Nagorsen, Robert Mark Brigham, Royal British Columbia Museum, Bats of British Columbia, page 109:

Frog-biting midges also depend on eavesdropping for reproduction, and one would predict similarly strong selection to evolve auditory adaptations for hearing and localizing calls of their hosts.

2014, Ken Yasukawa, Animal Behavior: How and Why Animals Do the Things They Do:

(zoology) To listen for another organism's calls, so as to exploit them.


TI

en-noun

TI (countable and uncountable, plural TIs)

tonic immobility
tonic immobility#English

(zoology) Initialism of tonic immobility.


peritoneum

peritoneum (plural peritoneums or peritonea)

peritoneums (plural)
peritonea (plural)
peritonaeum (alternative)
peritonæum (alternative dated)

From Latin peritonaeum, from Ancient Greek περιτόναιον (peritónaion), from περιτόναιος (peritónaios, “stretched or strained over”).

(zoology) In animals, the membrane lining the coelom cavity.


incisor

Borrowing from New Latin incīsor, from incīdō (“to cut into, cut through”) + -tor (“-er, -or”, agent noun suffix).

af

(anatomy, zootomy) A narrow-edged tooth at the front of the mouth of mammals, between the canines and adapted for cutting; in humans there are four in each jaw.


AAS

(arachnology) Initialism of American Arachnological Society, a society of amateur and professional arachnologists.


pinna

From Latin pinna (“dorsal fin; wing, feather”). Doublet of pen, penna, and panne.

der

Meronyms: antihelix, antitragus, concha, helix, tragus

(anatomy, zoology) The visible part of the ear in most therians that resides outside of the head, the auricle; outer ear excluding the ear canal.

(zoology) A feather, wing, fin, or other similar appendage.


receptacle

From Middle English receptacle, from Anglo-Norman receptacle and Middle French receptacle (“organ containing a fluid; gathering place; water basin”) (modern French réceptacle), from Latin receptāculum (“animal enclosure, container, place of refuge, receptacle, repository, reservoir, shelter”), from receptāre (“to harbour, to receive, to shelter”) or receptō (“I receive back or again, I recover”), frequentative of recipiō (“I receive; I hold back, I reserve”) (from re- (“back, again”) + capiō (“I hold”)) + -culum (suffix forming nouns from verbs, particularly nouns representing tools and instruments); cognate with Italian recettaculo, ricettaculo, Portuguese receptáculo, Spanish receptáculo.

National Electrical Manufacturers Association

(zoology) An organ that receives and holds a secretion.


saddle

→ Japanese: サドル (sadoru)

Homer Tunnel
Milford Sound
Oxford English Dictionary

From Middle English sadel, from Old English sadol, from Proto-West Germanic *sadul, from Proto-Germanic *sadulaz (“saddle”). Further etymology uncertain, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *sod-dʰlo-, from *sed- (“to sit”) + *-dʰlom (a variant of *-trom (suffix forming nouns denoting instruments or tools)), though the Oxford English Dictionary says this “presents formal difficulties”.
Cognates
* Danish sadel
* Dutch zadel
* German Sattel
* Icelandic söðull
* Low German Sadel
* Russian седло́ (sedló)
* Saterland Frisian Soadel
* Scots sadil
* Swedish sadel
* West Frisian seal

saal

seat for a rider placed on the back of a horse or other animal

satula

something resembling a saddle in appearance or shape

satula

depression located along the axial trend of an anticline

Something resembling a saddle (sense 1) in appearance or shape.

The clitellum of an earthworm (family Lumbricidae).

The lower part of the back of a domestic fowl, especially a male bird, bearing the saddle feathers or saddle hackles.

alaselkä

Pagophilus groenlandicus
Pagophilus groenlandicus#Translingual

Boa constrictor
Boa constrictor#Translingual

In full saddle marking or saddle patch: a saddle-like marking on an animal, such as one on the back of an adult harp seal or saddleback seal (Pagophilus groenlandicus), or any of numerous such markings on a boa constrictor (Boa constrictor).


paries

Borrowed from Latin pariēs (“wall of a house or room”). Compare French paroi (“wall”), Italian parete (“wall”), Portuguese parede (“wall”) Spanish pared (“wall”) and Romanian perete (“wall”).

bor

(zoology) The triangular middle part of each segment of the shell of a barnacle.


philtrum

philtra (plural)
philtrums (plural)
filtrum (alternative)

Borrowed from the Latin philtrum (“a love potion”), from Ancient Greek φῐ́λτρον (phĭ́ltron, “a love charm; the dimple in the upper lip”). Doublet of philter.

(zootomy) The junction between the two halves of an animal's upper lip or nose.


monogamous

/məˈnɒɡəməs/

/məˈnɑɡəməs/

(zoology) Having only one sexual partner at a time.

monògam

having only one sexual partner at a time


warm-blooded

en-adj

warm-blooded (comparative more warm-blooded or warmer-blooded, superlative most warm-blooded or warmest-blooded)

more warm-blooded (comparative)
warmer-blooded (comparative)
most warm-blooded (superlative)
warmest-blooded (superlative)
warmblooded (alternative)

The cold-blooded animals are all feeble breathers, and the most energetic breathers are the warmest-blooded. A mollusc, a fish, a frog, a quadruped, and a bird, represent the various stages of this correspondence.

1858 October, [George Henry Lewes], “Animal Heat”, in Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine, volume LXXXIV, number DXVI, Edinburgh: William Blackwood & Sons, page 427, column 1:

Moreover, instead of hibernating like our northern reptiles, they [birds] are able to remain active all winter, even in arctic latitudes, so long as sufficient food is available to maintain the body. This retention of heat increases the body temperature, and implies an increase as well of the creature’s activity, so that birds in addition to being the warmest-blooded animals are at the same time the quickest and most active.

1925 September, Glover Morrill Allen, “Feathers”, in Birds and Their Attributes, Boston, Mass.: Marshall Jones Company, published 1937 February, page 37:

“It’s getting chilly,” the Asian chick said, maybe just to hear the sound of her own voice. […] / “Oh, I don’t know. Feels all right to me.” / “I guess you’re warmer-blooded than I am. Could I have my sweatshirt now?”

2016, Barry Eisler, Livia Lone, Seattle, Wash.: Thomas & Mercer, →ISBN, page 6:

We stood there, shivering, colder even than when we had been on our horses, for horses are warmer-blooded than their riders, and one always gains heat from them.

2016, Fiona Buckley [pseudonym; Valerie Anand], The Heretic’s Creed (The Ursula Blanchard Mysteries), Sutton, Surrey: Crème de la Crime, →ISBN, page 73:

(zoology) Maintaining a relatively constant and warm body temperature, regardless of the ambient temperature; endothermic.


reptilian

reptilian (comparative more reptilian, superlative most reptilian)

more reptilian (comparative)
most reptilian (superlative)

From reptile + -ian, replacing earlier reptilious and adjectival reptile.

The Mesozoic represents that time on Earth when life flourished, but when such life was primarily reptilian, before the Age of Mammals.

2012, Chinle Miller, In Mesozoic Lands: The Mesozoic Geology of Arches and Canyonlands National Parks, Kindle edition:

(zoology) Of or relating to the members of the class Reptilia (reptiles).


animalcule

Learned borrowing from Late Latin animalculum (“lowly or small animal”) + English -cule (diminutive suffix). Animalculum is derived from Latin animal (“animal; living creature”) + -culum (diminutive suffix); and animal from animāle, the nominative neuter singular of animālis (“animate, living; relating to living creatures”), from anima (“breath; life; soul, spirit”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂enh₁- (“to breathe”)) + -ālis (suffix forming adjectives of relationship). The English word is analysable as animal + -cule.

der

If we are part of nature, then we are synonymous with it at the metaphysical level, every bit as much as the first all-but-inorganic animalcules that ever formed a chain of themselves in the blow hole of a primordial sea vent.

2011, John Jeremiah Sullivan, “La·hwi·ne·ski: Career of an Eccentric Naturalist”, in Pulphead, New York, N.Y.: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, →OCLC, pages 212–213:

(zoology, archaic) A microscopic aquatic animal, including protozoa and rotifers.


spinal

Borrowed from Late Latin spīnālis (“of or belonging to the spine”), from spīna (“a prickle, spine”) + -ālis (“-al”, adjectival suffix). By surface analysis, spine + -al.

af

(anatomy, zootomy) Of or relating to the spine.

Of or relating to the spine.
Of or pertaining to the spinal cord.

(zoology) (of a frog or other experimental animal) Having a pithed brain, but an intact surgically isolated spinal cord.


territoriality

en-noun

territoriality (countable and uncountable, plural territorialities)

/tɛɹɪtɔːɹɪˈalɪti/

(zoology) The pattern of behaviour in animals that defines and defends a territory.


webbing

webbing (countable and uncountable, plural webbings)


chelate

en-adj

chelate (comparative more chelate, superlative most chelate)

more chelate (comparative)
most chelate (superlative)

From chela + -ate (adjective-forming suffix).

(zoology) Having chelae, or in the form of a chela.[from 19th c.]


mateship

en-noun

mateship (usually uncountable, plural mateships)

From mate + -ship. Cognate with Dutch maatschap (“partnership”).

The mateships of the three last-named animals are solitary, though in the case of wolves, the separated members of various mateships gather in packs during the winter months.

1942, Fred August Moss, Edward Lee Thorndike, Comparative Psychology, page 370:

Further, in most cultures without systems of codified laws, long-term mateships are ritually sanctioned by the community. If we are not to have too provincial a conception of marriage, these mateships should also count as marriages.

2005, David J. Buller, Adapting Minds: Evolutionary Psychology And The Persistent Quest For Human Nature, page 259:

In Homo sapiens we find two types of polygamous mateships, polygyny and polyandry, and social structures based on these are ordinarily called “families.” Relatively rare in man in an institutionalized form, polyandrous mateships appear to be absent in infrahuman primates.

2010, A. Irving Hallowell, “15: The Protocultural Foundations of Human Adaptation”, in Yehudi A. Cohen, editor, Human Adaptation: The Biosocial Background, page 164:

The most frequent conflict within human mateships is the conflict between male sexual persistence and female sexual resistance.

2012, Dietrich Klusmann, Wolfgang Berner, “Chapter 14: Sexual Motivation in Mateships an Sexual Conflict”, in Todd K. Shackelford, Aaron T. Goetz, editors, The Oxford Handbook of Sexual Conflict in Humans, page 233:

(countable, zoology, psychology, anthropology) A relationship based on mating.


annulus

Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin ānnulus, a misspelling of Latin ānulus (“ring, especially one worn on a finger”), from ānus (“ring”) (from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eh₂no- (“ring”)) + -ulus (diminutive suffix).
The plural form annuli is a learned borrowing from Medieval Latin ānnulī.

lbor

(ichthyology) A dark ring on a fish's scale that is formed when a fish's growth rate slows down in the winter due to low food intake and the scale's circuli move closer to one another. The dark ring is used to estimate the fish's age, approximately one year per annulus.


testate

High frequency of species with acrostomy, eg species of the genera Euglypha, Assulina and Nebela, supports the conclusion that humidity is a major structuring force for testate amoebae at TH III.

2010, Valentyna Krashevska, Mark Maraun, Stefan Scheu, “Micro-and macroscale changes in density and diversity of testate amoebae of tropical montane rain forests of Southern Ecuador”, in Acta Protozoologica, volume 49, number 1:

(zoology) Having a test (external calciferous shell or endoskeleton)


gladius

From Latin gladius (“Roman short sword, gladius”). Doublet of glaive.

bor

From the Cretaceous of North America fossilised gladii in the enigmatic genus Tusoteuthis have been estimated to give a mantle length (body size) of 1.8m, just less than that of the giant squid’s.

2017 October 31, Mark Carnall, The Guardian:

(zoology) A pen, a hard internal bodypart of certain cephalopods, made of chitin-like material.


eavesdropping

en-noun

eavesdropping (countable and uncountable, plural eavesdroppings)

(zoology) The act of one organism listening for another's calls, so as to exploit them.


phocine

From Latin phōca (“seal”) (from Ancient Greek φώκη (phṓkē)) + -ine.

Phocines anchor their hands by flexing their fingers, digging them into the substrate, and then pulling their body forward by elbow and shoulder flexion.

2007, Brian Keith Hall, Fins into Limbs, page 313:

(zoology) A member of the subfamily Phocinae, comprising the "true" or "earless" seals.


tendril

From Middle French tendrillon (“bud, shoot, cartilage”), perhaps a diminutive of tendron (“cartilage”), from Old French tendre (“soft”) (see tender (adj.)), or else from Latin tendere (“to stretch, extend”) (see tender (v.)).


rutting

(zoology) Pairing; the period of time when certain ungulates mate.


introvert

From New Latin intrōvertere, from intro- (“within”) and vertere (“to turn”). Popularized as a psychological term by the German works of Carl Jung. By surface analysis, intro- + -vert.

Important distinctions which obtain amongst the various ‘introverts’ or intro- and e-versible tubes so frequently met with in animal bodies.

1883, E. Ray Lankester, Encyclopaedia Britannica, Vol. XVI, p. 652, s.v. "Mollusca"

Peanut worms (phylum Sipunculida) are drab-colored bottom dwellers, most of which are less then four inches long. Their body is divided into two sections: the trunk and the introvert. The introvert, the narrow neck-like anterior section, is used as a probe.

1990, Deborah A. Coulombe, Seaside Naturalist, →ISBN, page 76:

When a peanut worm feeds, it extends and waves its introvert so that the mouth at the tip wanders across the seabed.

2006, Nematodes, Leeches, and Other Worms, →ISBN, page 38:

The introvert is everted by hydraulic pressure exerted by contraction of body muscles on the coelomic fluid.

2009, Lynn Marguli, Michael J Chapman, Kingdoms and Domains: An Illustrated Guide to the Phyla of Life on Earth, →ISBN:

(zoology) An organ or other body part that is or can be turned inside out, especially an anterior portion of some annelid worms capable of retraction.


introvert

en-verb

introvert (third-person singular simple present introverts, present participle introverting, simple past and past participle introverted)

introverts (present singular third-person)
introverting (participle present)
introverted (participle past)
introverted (past)

/ɪntɹəʊˈvəːt/

His awkward gait, his introverted toes,
Bent knees, round shoulders, and dejected looks […]

1785, William Cowper, "The Task", Cant. IV, ll. 633 ff.

(zoology) To withdraw an organ or body part within itself or its base.


plectrum

plectrums (plural)
plectra (plural)
plectron (alternative)

Borrowed from Latin plēctrum, from Ancient Greek πλῆκτρον (plêktron, “anything to strike with, an instrument for striking the lyre, a spear point”), from πλήσσειν (plḗssein, “to strike, to smite, to sting”).

uder

(anatomy, zoology) A projection of bone or other stiff tissue, such as the ridges in some insects' stridulatory organs.


baguette

Borrowed from French baguette (“stick”), from Italian bacchetta.

(zoology) One of the minute bodies seen in the divided nucleoli of some Infusoria after conjugation.


thresher

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *terh₁-der.?
Proto-Germanic *þreskaną
Old English þrescan
Middle English threschen
Middle English -er
Middle English thresshere
English thresher
From Middle English thresshere; equivalent to thresh + -er. The shark's tail is thought to resemble the implement.


aliped

From Latin ala (“wing”) and pes (“foot”) (ali- + -ped).

(zoology) A wing-footed animal; a chiropter or a bat.


aliped

(zoology) Wing-footed; having a membrane connecting the digits.


grenadier

From French grenadier, corresponding to grenade + -ier.

(zoology) Any of various deep-sea fish of the family Macrouridae that have a large head and body and a long tapering tail; a rattail.


crepuscular

en-adj

crepuscular (comparative more crepuscular, superlative most crepuscular)

more crepuscular (comparative)
most crepuscular (superlative)

Learned borrowing from Latin crepusculum + -ar.

lbor

That's why cats are crepuscular — most active at dawn and dusk — because mice and rats forage for food during these hours when fewer of their natural enemies are around.

1999, J. Anne Helgren, Communicating with Your Cat, →ISBN, page 51:

(zoology) Active at or around dusk, dawn or twilight.

crepuscular

active at or around dusk, dawn or twilight


insectivore

/ɪnˈsɛktəˌvɔː/

/ɪnˈsɛktəˌvɔɹ/

From French insectivore. In the zoological sense, coined by English philosopher and historian of science William Whewell in 1840 as an adaptation of Cuvier's coinage, French insectivore. The French terms reflect scientific New Latin origins. By surface analysis, insect + -i- + -vore.

surf

(zoology, dated) mammal of the now abandoned order Insectivora.


crochet

crochets (plural)
crotchet (alternative archaic)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-crochet.wav

From French crochet, from Middle French crochet, from Old French crochet, crokét (“curved instrument, hook”), diminutive of Old French croc (“hook”), from Old Frankish *krōk (“hook”) or from Old Norse krókr (“hook, bend, bight”), both from Proto-Germanic *krōkaz (“hook”), from Proto-Indo-European *gerg- (“tracery, basket, twist”). Cognate with Middle English crōc (“crook, hook”), Middle Dutch croec, crōc (“curl”). Doublet of crocket, croquet, and crotchet. More at crook, crooked.

doublet

(zoology) A certain crest of enamel on the molar teeth of some rhinoceroses.


equine rhabdomyelosis

(veterinary medicine) A condition that affects the muscles of horses, ranging from stiffness and mild cramps to the horse becoming unable to stand and producing discoloured urine.


roseate

en-adj

roseate (comparative more roseate, superlative most roseate)

more roseate (comparative)
most roseate (superlative)

From Middle English roseat, from Anglo-Latin roseātus, equivalent to rose + -ate (adjective-forming suffix).

The countess took the roseate palm and snowy fingers of this lovely child.

1826, [Mary Shelley], chapter VII, in The Last Man. […], volume III, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC:

Now the rum, as has been said, was criminally overproof, and they had had no intoxicants for a long time. And so a couple of stiff drinks produced a beautiful and generous expansion of soul. The mean cabin became larger, the fire warmer and more cheerful, and life generally of a more roseate hue. They began to feel the prodigal Thanksgiving spirit, and to regret their limited opportunities for satisfying it.

1922, A. M. Chisholm, A Thousand a Plate:

On Professor Solanka’s street, well-heeled white youths lounged in baggy garments on roseate stoops, stylishly simulating indigence while they waited for the billionairedom that would surely be along sometime soon.

2001, Salman Rushdie, Fury: A Novel, London: Jonathan Cape, →ISBN, page 4:

(formal, chiefly zoology) Like the rose flower; pink; rosy.