megrims

(veterinary medicine) Any of various diseases of animals, especially horses, marked by a disturbance of equilibrium and abnormal gait and behaviour such as staggers or a sudden vertigo, sometimes followed by unconsciousness; the staggers.


varix

Via Middle English varix from Latin varix, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wers-. See also Old Church Slavonic врьхъ (vrĭxŭ, “top, peak”), Ancient Greek ἕρμα (hérma, “reef, rock, hill”), Lithuanian viršus (“top”).

cog

In the personid genus Distorsio, varix formation is accompanied by a reorientation of the aperture.

1995, Geerat J. Vermeij, A Natural History of Shells, page 31:

(zoology) In mollusks, a particular ridge on the shell, corresponding to a former position of the aperture.


ventriculus

Unadapted borrowing from Latin ventriculus (“the belly”), diminutive of venter (“the belly”). Doublet of ventricle.

ubor

(anatomy, zootomy) A digestive cavity such as a gizzard or stomach.


stargazer

/ˈstɑɹˌɡeɪzɚ/

A stargazer is a frightening fish by any srtetch of the imagination, but not until the day I first saw one in its own world did I understand its true nature.

2001, Richard Flanagan, Gould's Book of Fish, Vintage, published 2016, page 187:

(zoology) A perciform fish in the family Uranoscopidae.

uranoscopo

a perciform fish in the family Uranoscopidae


camelid

(zoology) Any of a family of mammals including the camel, llama, alpaca, guanaco, and vicuña.

tevefélék

any of a family of mammals including the camel, llama, alpaca, guanaco and vicuña


otolith

From oto- + -lith, from Ancient Greek ὠτο- (ōto-), stem of οὖς (oûs, “ear”), and λίθος (líthos, “stone”).

(zoology) A small particle, comprised mainly of calcium carbonate, found in the inner ear of vertebrates, being part of the balance sense.


pruinose

en-adj

pruinose (comparative more pruinose, superlative most pruinose)

more pruinose (comparative)
most pruinose (superlative)

(zoology, entomology) Covered with a very fine whitish layer of wax particles.


ammocoete

ammocoetes (plural)
ammocete (alternative)


scolex

en-noun

scolex (plural scolices or scoleces or scolexes)

scolices (plural)
scoleces (plural)
scolexes (plural)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek σκώληξ (skṓlēx, “worm”).

The head, with the circle of hooklets and the four suckers, is then formed at the anterior part of the embryo, constituting now the scolex of Van Beneden.

1859, Robert Bentley Todd, The Cyclopædia of Anatomy and Physiology:

(zoology) The structure at the front end of a tapeworm which, in the adult, has suckers and hooks by which it attaches itself to a host.

skoleks

hooked structure at the front end of a tapeworm


pedipalp

From New Latin pedipalpus, from ped-, pēs (“foot”) + palpus (“palpus”).

The defensive movements, on the other hand, involve the whole of the pedipalp being drawn in towards the midline.

1950, Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London:

The pedipalp trochanter has a prominent process on its inferior surface, separated by a large area not haired nor spinulated: it serves for the allodgement of the ventral spine of the pedipalp basitarsus when the tibia closes to the femur;

(zoology) Either of a second pair of appendages near the mouth of many arachnids, variously specialized as pincers, sensory or locomotory organs.


submarginal

en-adj

submarginal (comparative more submarginal, superlative most submarginal)

more submarginal (comparative)
most submarginal (superlative)

(anatomy, zoology, botany) Below a margin.


geometer

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-geometer.wav

From Middle English gemeter, geometer, ultimately from Late Latin geōmetrēs, from Ancient Greek γεωμέτρης (geōmétrēs), from γῆ (gê, “earth”) + μετρέω (metréō, “to measure”).

(zoology) Any species of geometrid moth (family Geometridae).


bigmouth

big mouth (alternative)
big-mouth (alternative)

(zoology) Applied to various creatures that have a large mouth.


spavined

spavined (comparative more spavined, superlative most spavined)

more spavined (comparative)
most spavined (superlative)

From Late Middle English spaueyned, from spavein, spaveine (“swelling on horse’s leg causing lameness; disease causing lameness in horses”) + -ed (suffix forming adjectives; and the past tense and past participle forms of weak verbs). By surface analysis, spavin + -ed (suffix forming possessional adjectives from nouns, denoting having the objects represented by the nouns; and forming past tenses of regular verbs).

surf

[H]e […] made a present to Andrew of a broken-winded and spavined poney, in order to enable him to pursue his journey.

1817 December 31 (indicated as 1818), [Walter Scott], chapter VI, in Rob Roy. […], volume II, Edinburgh: […] James Ballantyne and Co. for Archibald Constable and Co. […]; London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, →OCLC, page 115:

A horse-giver, no more than a horse-seller, has a right to palm his spavined article upon us for good ware. An equivalent is expected in either case; and, with my own good will, I would no more be cheated out of my thanks, than out of my money.

1833, Elia [pseudonym; Charles Lamb], “[Popular Fallacies.] XI. That We Must Not Look a Gift-Horse in the Mouth, […].”, in The Last Essays of Elia. […], London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, page 250:

[…] Mr. Thumble, […] had ridden over to Hogglestock on a poor spavined brute belonging to the bishop's stable, and which had once been the bishop's cob.

1867, Anthony Trollope, “The Bishop’s Angel”, in The Last Chronicle of Barset. […], volume I, London: Smith, Elder and Co., […], →OCLC, page 106:

As for the wonderful feats of horsemanship one hears of or sees among the Arabs, they are due to sharp spurs like razors, and to bits strong enough to break an animal's jaw. […] The favourite feat at their fantasias or fêtes of suddenly pulling up their horses short while at a hand-gallop, ruins their legs, and there is in consequence scarcely a horse to be seen whose hind-legs are not spavined.

1868, Mrs. H. Lloyd Evans, “Across the Atlas”, in Last Winter in Algeria, London: Chapman & Hall, […], →OCLC, page 100:

The Whig party was supposed to be broken in 1842. It was likened to the man who wished to sell his horse. A by-stander asked if the horse was not spavined? "Spavined! I don't know what that is; but if the horse is any better for being spavined, then he is spavined!"

1876, Samuel S[ullivan] Cox, “Legislative Anecdote—Continued”, in Why We Laugh, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers, […], →OCLC, page 281:

Into the vale from the north rode a stranger. He was mounted on a mangy, shovel-headed horse so spavined that it should have been unable to support his improbable bulk.

2010, Stephen R[eeder] Donaldson, Against All Things Ending (The Last Chronicles of Thomas Covenant; 3), New York, N.Y.: G[eorge] P[almer] Putnam’s Sons, →ISBN, page 54:

(farriery, veterinary medicine) Of a horse: having spavin (“a disease of horses caused by a bony swelling which develops in a leg due to inflammation”).


sublingual

Borrowed from New Latin sublinguālis, from sub- (“under, below, beneath”) + linguālis (“relating to the tongue”); equivalent to sub- + lingual.

af

(herpetology) A particular scale near the front of the lower jaw in snakes, usually in a pair.


communistic

en-adj

communistic (comparative more communistic, superlative most communistic)

more communistic (comparative)
most communistic (superlative)

communistic birds

(zoology) Living or having their nests in common.


occipital

Borrowing from Middle French occipital, from Medieval Latin occipitālis, from occiput (“the back of the head, occiput”) + -ālis (“-al”, adjectival suffix), equivalent of occiput + -al. Doublet of occipitalis.

af

(zootomy) An occipital scale in reptiles.


convolvulus

en-noun

convolvulus (plural convolvuluses or convolvuli)

convolvuluses (plural)
convolvuli (plural)

From Latin convolvulus (“bindweed; caterpillar”), from convolvō (“convolve”).

bor

1922, Virginia Woolf, Jacob's Room, Vintage Classics, paperback edition, page 51,
Already the convolvulus moth was spinning over the flowers.

(zoology) A species of hawkmoth, Agrius convolvuli.


Shetland sheepdog

en-noun

Shetland sheepdog (plural Shetland sheepdogs)

(zoology) A breed of small sheepdogs, originally from the Shetland Islands.


flabellum

flabellum (plural flabellums or flabella)

(botany, zoology) Any fan-shaped structure.


effuse

en-adj

effuse (comparative more effuse, superlative most effuse)

more effuse (comparative)
most effuse (superlative)

Borrowed from Middle French effuser, from Latin effusus, past participle of effundere (“to pour out”).

(zoology) Having the lips, or edges, of the aperture abruptly spreading, as in certain shells.


placental

From post-classical Latin placentalis, corresponding to placenta + -al.

We do not know exactly how many placental lineages survived to leave descendants; most estimates are around ten.

2022, Thomas Halliday, Otherlands, Penguin, published 2023, page 103:

(zoology) Pertaining to the Placentalia, comprising those mammals not marsupials or monotremes.


predation

en-noun

predation (countable and uncountable, plural predations)

Borrowed from Latin praedātiō, praedātiōnis, from praedor (“pillage, plunder”), from praeda (“plunder, spoils”).

(zoology) The preying of one animal on others.


junior synonym

(zoology) In zoological nomenclature, a name which describes the same taxon as a previously published name.


senior synonym

(zoology) In zoological nomenclature, a name which describes the same taxon as one or more subsequently published names.


preoccupied name

preoccupied name (plural preoccupied names)

(zoology) In zoological nomenclature, a name which is formally published, but which had already been used for another taxon; this second use is invalid (as are all subsequent uses) and the name must be replaced.


emarginate

en-adj

emarginate (comparative more emarginate, superlative most emarginate)

more emarginate (comparative)
most emarginate (superlative)

From Latin emarginare; e- (“out”) + marginare (“to furnish with a margin”), from margo (“margin”).

1840 Georges Cuvier Cuvier's Animal kingdom (intranslation).
In the Haliotus, Lam, the shell is perforated along the side of the columella with a series of holes; and when the last hole remains incomplete, the shell has the appearance of beiing emarginate.

(zoology, anatomy) Having a margin that has concave edges as though with parts removed or notched.


nekton

en-noun

nekton (countable and uncountable, plural nektons)

From German Nekton which was coined in 1890 by Ernst Haeckel. By surface analysis, Ancient Greek νηκτός (nēktós, “swimming”) + -on.

surf

(zoology) All organisms in the ocean that are capable of swimming independently of currents.


homeothermic

From homeo- + thermic, from the Ancient Greek ὅμοιος (hómoios, “of like kind, similar”) in conjunction with θέρμη (thérmē, “heat”).

der

homeothermal (alternative)
homoiothermic (alternative)
homothermal (alternative)
homœothermic (alternative)

(zoology) Capable of maintaining a relatively constant body temperature independent of the surrounding environment.


osculum

(chiefly zoology) A small opening or orifice.

(zoology, obsolete) One of the suckers on the head of a tapeworm.

I left them in that condition, and at 7 o'clock examined them again, when I found them still quiescent; but one of the two large groups of oscula and the new one were entirely closed, while the other osculum at the largest end of the sponge had opened to the extent of about one-third of its diameter, and the membrane presented the appearance of a series of lines or corrugations radiating from the centre to the circumference.

1857, J. S. Bowerbank, “On the Vital Powers of the Spongiadæ”, in Report of the 26th Meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, John Murray, page 444:

Waste water was expelled through a single osculum at about 8.5 cm per second – more than eight thousand times as fast as it circulated in the chambers and 85 times as fast as it entered the sponge in the first place.

2012, Caspar Henderson, The Book of Barely Imagined Beings, Granta Books, published 2013, page 29:

2012, Sally P. Lees, April Hill, The Physiology and Molecular Biology of Sponge Tissues, Mikel A. Becerro, Maria J. Uriz, Manuel Maldonado, Xavier Turon (editors), Michael Lesser (series editor), Advances in Marine Biology 62: Advances in Sponge Science, Elsevier (Academic Press), page 30,
Oscula are also thought to arise initially from a single porocyte (Weissenfels, 1980), but how they coordinate with other porocytes to form a larger osculum is still unclear.

(zoology) The main opening in a sponge from which water is expelled.


vespertine

From Middle English vespertyne, from Latin vespertīnus (“evening”).

matutinal

of, related to, or occurring in the evening

In both forms of this interesting plant, the medium-sized spider-like flowers are closed from morning until late afternoon when they open to attract vespertine insects.

1949, John Thomas Howell, Marin Flora, page 103:

In research involving American black bears Ursus americanus, Bridges et al. (2004b) recorded activity patterns at bait sites in Virginia and found bear activity was generally vespertine but exhibited seasonal differences with bears becoming more nocturnal in the fall, possibly in response to hunting seasons and possible pursuit by bear-hounds.

2011, James D. Nichols, Camera Traps in Animal Ecology: Methods and Analyses, page 59:

(zoology, of an animal) That is principally active at dusk.


capacitation

en-noun

capacitation (countable and uncountable, plural capacitations)

(zoology) The process of altering sperm to allow them to fertilize eggs.


pubescence

pubescence (countable and uncountable, plural pubescences)

(botany, zoology) A covering of fine, soft hairs.


innervate

en-verb

innervate (third-person singular simple present innervates, present participle innervating, simple past and past participle innervated)

innervates (present singular third-person)
innervating (participle present)
innervated (participle past)
innervated (past)

From in- + nerve + -ate (verb-forming suffix).

af

(anatomy, zoology) To supply (an organ or part of the body) with nerves.


diapause

en-noun

diapause (countable and uncountable, plural diapauses)

From Ancient Greek διάπαυσις (diápausis, “pause, cessation”). By surface analysis, dia- + -pause.

der

(biology, entomology, ichthyology) A temporary pause in the growth and development of an organism due to adverse environmental conditions (especially in insects and in the embryos of many of the oviparous species of fish in the order Cyprinodontiformes)

diapaussi

a temporary pause in the growth and development of an organism


parrot fever

(pathology, veterinary medicine) An infectious disease caused by the bacterium Chlamydophila psittaci and contracted from many species of bird.


micropyle

From French, from Ancient Greek μικρός (mikrós, “small”) + πύλη (púlē, “gate”).

(zoology) The hilum of an ovum at the point of attachment to the ovary; any opening in the coverings of an ovum by which spermatozoa may find entrance.


pygidium

Borrowed from New Latin pygidium, By surface analysis, pygo- + -idium.

(zoology) The caudal plate of trilobites, crustacea, and certain insects.

peräkilpi

The posteriormost portion of certain arthropods


cephalon

From Ancient Greek κεφαλή (kephalḗ, “head”). Probably influenced by compounds like encephalon.


coenurus

From New Latin, from Ancient Greek κοινός (koinós, “common”) + οὐρά (ourá, “tail”) + -ος (-os, nominal suffix).

af

(zoology) A complex tapeworm larva growing interstitially in vertebrate tissues and consisting of a large fluid-filled sac from the inner wall of which numerous scolices develop.


hibernaculum

From Latin hībernāculum (“winter quarters”).

Aeolus Cave, which is set into a wooded hillside in Dorset, Vermont, is believed to be the largest bat hibernaculum in New England; it is estimated that before white-nose hit, nearly three hundred thousand bats—some from as far away as Ontario and Rhode Island—came there to spend the winter.

2014, Elizabeth Kolbert, chapter 10, in The Sixth Extinction: An Unnatural History, Henry Holt and Company:

In winter, NLEBs use caves and mines as hibernacula.⁹⁴ Suitable habitat for the NLEB is present within the Proposed Route.

2024 August 19, “LAKETOWN 115-kV TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT IN CARVER COUNTY, MN”, in Great River Energy, page 98:

(zoology) The place where a hibernating animal shelters for the winter.


ternary name

Homo sapiens sapiens
Homo sapiens sapiens#Translingual

(taxonomy, zoology) A scientific name at the rank of subspecies: an expansion of a binomial name (a genus and a species) combined with the name of the subspecies; for example Homo sapiens sapiens.


exopodite

(zoology) The external part of the uropod.


stolon

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-stolon.wav

(zoology) A structure formed by some colonial organisms from which offspring are produced by budding, found in bryozoans, pterobranchs, some corals, and other invertebrates.


fingerling

/ˈfɪŋɡəɹlɪŋ/

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-fingerling.wav

From Middle English fyngyrlynge, equivalent to finger + -ling, from having the size of a human finger.

(zoology) A juvenile fish that has developed scales and working fins.


mandibular

The head produces a mandibular gland pheromone composed of ketones, the thorax lacks large glands, and the abdomen contains the venom and the Nasonov gland that produces lemon oil compounds.

2016, Justin O. Schmidt, The Sting of the Wild, Johns Hopkins University Press, →ISBN, page 28:

(anatomy, zootomy) Of or pertaining to the mandible.


mandibulate

From a substantivation of the above adjective or from Late Latin mandibula + -ate (noun-forming suffix). See also translingual Mandibulata.


caruncle

/kəˈɹʌŋ.kəl/

/kəˈɹʌŋ.kl̩/

/ˈkɛɹˌʌŋ.kəl/

/ˈkæˌɹʌŋ.kəl/

/kəˈɹʌŋ.kəl/

Borrowed from Middle French caruncule, from Latin caruncula (“a little piece of flesh”), diminutive of carō (“flesh”). Doublet of caruncula.

der

(anatomy, zootomy) A small, fleshy excrescence that is a normal part of an animal's anatomy.

lihake

small, fleshy excrescence on an animal — see also wattle


metatherian

en-adj

metatherian (comparative more metatherian, superlative most metatherian)

more metatherian (comparative)
most metatherian (superlative)

(zoology) Belonging or pertaining to the infraclass Metatheria of marsupials.


metatherian

The pouched metatherians, the progenitors of marsupials, used to be common all over North America.

2022, Thomas Halliday, Otherlands, Penguin, published 2023, page 102:

(zoology) A member of the infraclass Metatheria.


incrassate

incrassate (comparative more incrassate, superlative most incrassate)

more incrassate (comparative)
most incrassate (superlative)

From the participle stem of Latin incrassare, from in- + crassare ‘make thick’, from crassus.

(botany, zoology) Made thick or thicker; swelled out at some particular part, like the antennae of certain insects, or the leaves of the house-leek.


felid

From feline + -id. From New Latin Felidae, from felis (“cat, feline”).

(zoology) Any member of the cat family (Felidae).


spray

en-verb

spray (third-person singular simple present sprays, present participle spraying, simple past and past participle sprayed)

sprays (present singular third-person)
spraying (participle present)
sprayed (participle past)
sprayed (past)

From Middle Dutch sprāien, sprayen, spraeyen (“to spray, sprinkle, spread”), ultimately from Proto-Germanic *sprēwijaną (“to spray, sprinkle”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)per- (“to sow, scatter”).
Cognate with Middle High German spræjen, spræwen (“to squirt, spray, dust, splash, straw”), Danish dialectal språe (“to open up, burst forth”), Swedish dialectal språ (“to sprout, shoot forth, burst”), Norwegian dialectal spra, spræ (“to splash, splatter, spout, burst forth”), Dutch sproeien (“to spray, sprinkle”), German sprühen (“to spray, sparkle”).

der

(intransitive, zoology) To urinate in order to mark territory.


anestrus

en-noun

anestrus (countable and uncountable, plural anestri)

anestri (plural)
anoestrus (alternative)
anœstrus (alternative)

1993, R. E. Larsen, S. C. Denham, J. F. Boucher, E. L. Adams, Chapter 13: Breeding Season Length Versus Calving Percentage in Beef Cattle Herds, Michael J. Fields, Robert S. Sand (editors), Factors Affecting Calf Crop, CRC Press, page 191,
Duration of postpartum anestrus is the period from calving to the first estrus. This anestrus period is recognized as being a major factor in controlling the proportion of cows conceiving each breeding season (Wiltbank et al., 1961).

During anestrus the size range and numbers of ovarian antral follicles were similar to those seen during the breeding season.

2008, Sabine Meinecke-Tillmann, Burkhard Meinecke, “Chapter 14: Ultrasonography in Small Ruminant Reproduction”, in Heide Schatten, Gheorghe M. Constantinescu, editors, Comparative Reproductive Biology, Blackwell Publishing, page 352:

2011, Carole C. Miller, Carla L. Carleton (consulting editor), Anestrus, Jean-Pierre Lavoie, Kenneth William Hinchcliff (editors), Blackwell's Five-Minute Veterinary Consult: Equine, 2nd Edition, Wiley, page 75,
Treating a mare with progesterone while she is in anestrus/early vernal transition will suppress ovarian activity.

(zoology) In female placental mammals—excluding humans and great apes—a phase of the estrous cycle during which the sexual cycle rests.


postoral

en-adj

postoral (comparative more postoral, superlative most postoral)

more postoral (comparative)
most postoral (superlative)
post-oral (alternative)

(anatomy, zoology) Situated behind, or posterior to, the mouth


arthropodan

(zoology) Of, or relating to, arthropods.


holaspis

A similar situation may also characterize S. wenlockiana, a species with six segments in holaspis, the smallest holaspids of which have similar glabellar lengths to those of the sixth degree meraspis of A. konincki.

2001, Jonathan M. Adrain, Gregory D. Edgecombe, Bruce S. Lieberman, editors, Fossils, Phylogeny, and Form: An Analytical Approach, page 46:

The pygidial spines are stout and direct outward in the early holaspis (Fig. 2, A-B, F), but become slender and direct inward in the late holaspis (Fig. 2, D, E).

2008, Xuejian Zhu, Shanchi Peng, Jingxun Zuo, “Revision an Ventral Structure of Guangxiaspis guangxiensis Zhou, 1977 (Trilobita)”, in Isabel Rábano, Rodolfo Gozalo, Diego García-Bellido Capdevila, editors, Advances in Trilobite Research, page 444:

The holaspis stage has a full complement of thoracic segments for the species but growth continues through further molts and maturity may not be reached until some time after the holaspis stage was reached.

2009, Michael J. Benton, David A. T. Harper, Introduction to Paleobiology and the Fossil Record, page 366:

(paleontology, zoology) A stage in the development of a trilobite at which the creature has gained its adult segmentation, but continues to molt and grow.


glabella

en-noun

glabella (plural glabellas or glabellae)

From Latin glaber (“smooth, hairless, bald”).

(zoology) The axial protuberance on the cephalon of certain arthropods (especially trilobites).


actinopterygian

[…] actinopterygians have 'ray fins' which are supported by a series of narrow cartilaginous or bony rods called radials, while sarcopterygians have 'lobe fins' supported by a single basal bone and with muscles that can modify the posture of the fin.

1997, Michael J. Benton, Vertebrate Palaeontology, 2nd edition, Chapman & Hall, →ISBN, page 64:

The ear of all nonteleostean actinopterygian fishes (Grande and Bemis 1996) does not differ much from that of ratfish (considered by most an ancient line of cartilaginous fish), with the notable exception of the position of the ultricular macula.

1999, Bernd Fritzsch, “2: Hearing in Two Worlds”, in Richard R. Fay, Arthur N. Popper, editors, Comparative Hearing: Fish and Amphibians, page 19:

The otico-orbitotemporal region is formed by a single ossification in primitive actinopterygians but by many separate ossifications in advanced actinopterygians, expecially teleosts.

2004, Bhavna Khanna, Ichthyology Handbook, page 108:

2004, M. L. J. Stiassny, E. O, Wiley, G. D. Johnson, M. R, de Carvalho, 24: Gnathostome Fishes, Joel Cracraft, Michael J. Donoghue (editors), Assembling the Tree of Life, page 416,
The most basal of living actinopterygians are the bichirs (Polypteridae), a small group (11 spp.) of African fishes previously thought to be related to the lobefin fishes (sarcopterygians), or to form a third group.

(zoology) Any of the ray-finned fish of the taxonomic class Actinopterygii.

actinopterígio

any of the ray-finned fish of the class Actinopterygii


scopate

en-adj

scopate (comparative more scopate, superlative most scopate)

more scopate (comparative)
most scopate (superlative)

(zoology) Having the surface closely covered with hairs, like a brush.


cancellate

cancellate (comparative more cancellate, superlative most cancellate)

more cancellate (comparative)
most cancellate (superlative)

From Latin cancellatus, past participle of cancellare.

(zoology) Having the surface covered with raised lines, crossing at right angles.


Ogopogo

The ogopogo made no attempt to devour the sailboat crew, as he is reported to have done some years ago in the case of some Indians.

1930 July 19, “Mysterious Ogopogo Is Accused of Capsizing a Canadian Boat”, in The New York Times, page 17:

(Canada, cryptozoology) A large serpentlike aquatic creature, similar to the Loch Ness monster, which is said to live in Lake Okanagan, British Columbia, Canada.


Igopogo

The story of Lake Simcoe's monster started 11 years ago, when Wellington Charles, a fishing guide on the lake for many years, first sighted a mysterious marine animal. He described it as having a neck like a stovepipe with a face like a boxer dog. At the time, he named the thing Igopogo.

1963 July 1, “Igopogo, Simcoe Monster, Reported Sighted Again”, in The Globe and Mail, page 1:

(Canada, cryptozoology) A large aquatic creature, similar to the Loch Ness monster, which supposedly lives in Lake Simcoe, Ontario, Canada.


nahuelito

(in Argentina, cryptozoology, mythology) A large aquatic creature, similar to the Loch Ness monster, which supposedly lives in Nahuel Huapi Lake, Argentina.


Manipogo

The creature was dubbed Manipogo in 1957, from a blend of Manitoba + Ogopogo.

(Canada, cryptozoology) A large aquatic creature, similar to the Loch Ness monster, which supposedly lives in Lake Manitoba, Canada.


Memphre

While there have been more than 100 reported sightings of a Lake Memphremagog creature called Memphre, a photograph submitted by two unnamed Quebec residents will not be recorded among them.

1986 October 11, “Photo of monster exposed as hoax”, in The Gazette, Montreal, Que., page F12:

(Canada, cryptozoology) A large aquatic creature, similar to the Loch Ness monster, which supposedly lives in Lake Memphremagog, Quebec, Canada.


coprophage

Borrowed from Latin coprophagus, itself a borrowing from Ancient Greek κοπροφάγος (koprophágos), from κόπρος (kópros, “dung”) + -φάγος (-phágos, “eater; glutton”). Equivalent to copro- + -phage.

(zoology) A living organism that feeds on feces or fecal matter.


limitate

en-verb

limitate (third-person singular simple present limitates, present participle limitating, simple past and past participle limitated)

limitates (present singular third-person)
limitating (participle present)
limitated (participle past)
limitated (past)

From Latin līmitātus, past participle of līmitō (“I limit”). See limit (verb).


leaf-footed

(zoology) Having feet that resemble leaves.


leaf-hopper

leaf-hoppers (plural)
leaf hopper (alternative)
leafhopper (alternative)

The prominent leaf defoliators, as the rose-chafer and flea-beetle, frequently destroy or vastly injure the crop over large districts, and the little leaf-hopper, though rarely preventing a partial crop, is so uniformly present and widely distributed as to probably levy a heavier tribute on the grape in this country than any other insect.

1898, C. L. Marlatt, The Principal Insect Enemies of the Grape, page 3:

1907, Altus Lacy Quaintance, Cornelius Lott Shear, Insect and Fungous Enemies of the Grape East of the Rocky Mountains, Farmers' Bulletin 284, US Department of Agriculture, page 19,
Throughout the United States and Canada, wherever the grape is grown, this small leaf-hopper (Typhlocyba comes Say) will almost invariably be found in greater or less numbers infesting the lower surface of the leaf, where it feeds and breeds, increasing in numbers as the season progresses, until by late summer and fall the vines are often literally swarming with it.

1933, Eubanks Carsner, Curly-top resistance in sugar beets and tests of the resistant variety U. S. No. 1, Technical Bulletin 360, US Department of Agriculture, page 3,
Attacks on the leaf hoppers with insecticides and mechanical means have, in the past, been conducted mainly in sugar-beet fields.

One of the chief failings of this species is the susceptibility of the leaves to the attack of the leaf-hopper.

2008, U. Hedrick, Cyclopedia of Hardy Fruits, page 230:

(zoology) Any insect of the family Cicadellidae.


artiodactyl

/ˌɑːtɪəʊˈdaktɪl/

From scientific Latin Artiodactyla (suborder name), from Ancient Greek ἄρτιος (ártios, “even”) + δάκτυλος (dáktulos, “finger, toe”).

I have been unable to find out if these are linked in some way to the 1945 Budapest hippos, with the possibility this would create of a parallel history of Central Europe seen through the endurance of one brave African artiodactyl family.

2013, Simon Winder, Danubia, Picador, published 2014, page 397:

(zoology) Any ungulate mammal with an even number of toes and belonging to the Artiodactyla, including pigs, sheep, deer, cattle, and most grazing animals. In contrast, horses have an odd number of toes and as such are not Artiodactyla, but Perissodactyla.

Чифтокопитен

any ungulate mammal with an even number of toes


polygoneutism

(zoology) The state of being polygoneutic


arvicole

From Latin arvum (“field”) + colo (“I inhabit”); compare Italian arvicola.

A single species, A. quasiater, is known from Mexico. Evotomys rutilus, a form very closely related to the arvicoles, inhabits the circumpolar regions of both hemispheres.

1887, Angelo Heilprin, The Geographical and Geological Distribution of Animals, page 356:

(zoology, dated) field mouse (US, Canada), vole


stipula

en-noun

stipula (plural stipulas or stipulae or stipulæ)

stipulas (plural)
stipulae (plural)
stipulæ (plural)

From Latin stipula (“stalk, stem”). Doublet of stubble.


telson

Borrowed from Ancient Greek τέλσον (télson, “headland”).

bor

Although Crangonya evidently comes very close to Niphargus, it appears to be a good genus, and to differ constantly from Niphargus in the more robust body and in the telson, which is always entire and never cleft as in Niphargus.

1894, Charles Chilton, “The Subterranean Crustacea of New Zealand”, in Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, 2nd Series, Volume VI: Zoology, Linnean Society of London, page 219:

The basic number of segments in the abdomen is eleven plus the postsegmental telson which bears the anus, although Matsuda (1976) regards the telson as a twelfth segment.

1998, R. F. Chapman, The Insects: Structure and Function, 4th edition, Cambridge University Press, page 259:

The two documented examples of telson abnormalities are on juvenile moults (Fig. 2a, b).

2022, Russell D. C. Bicknell et al., “Applying Records of Extant and Extinct Horseshoe Crab Abnormalities to Xiphosurid Conservation”, in John T. Tanacredi et al., editors, International Horseshoe Crab Conservation and Research Efforts: 2007-2020, Springer, page 88:

(zoology) The part of an arthropod or crustacean posterior to the last segment, often resembling an armored tail or tip of the tail.


schipperke

From Belgian Dutch (Flemish), but unclear at the word level.
* Conventionally taken to be schipper (“skipper”) + -ke (“diminutive suffix”), allegedly alluding to a role as watchdog and/or rodent catcher on canal boats.
* Alternatively, a mutation of scheperke, a diminutive of scheper (“shepherd, sheepdog”), referring to the breed's purported descent from an extinct larger breed of sheepdogs.
Related to the etymological debate is a longstanding informal one about whether the dog itself should be regarded as a spitz or a miniature sheepdog.
For more, see Schipperke § History on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

pedia

(zoology) A small breed of dog developed in Belgium, sometimes used as a watchdog on boats.


Iriomote cat

(zoology) A small wild cat, Prionailurus iriomotensis, found only on the Japanese island of Iriomote. It has a long, dark brown coat with darker rows of horizontal spots.


circulus

(herpetology) A social group of reptiles where there is interaction and personal exchange between individuals.

(ichthyology) A concentric growth ring found on the scales of fish. This ring develops around the focus of the fish's scale.


coronate

Borrowed from New Latin coronātus, see -ate (adjective-forming suffix).

/ˈkɒɹəˌneɪt/

/ˈkɔɹəˌneɪt/

(zoology) Having a crest or a crownlike appendage, a corona.

(zoology) Having the coronal feathers lengthened or otherwise distinguished.

(zoology, of a spiral shell) Girt about the spire with a row of tubercles or spines.


strobila

From New Latin strobila, from Ancient Greek στροβίλη (strobílē).

(zoology) A jointed series of segments of an organism, as of the body of a tapeworm, posterior to the unjointed collum.


palmed

a palmed deer

(zoology) Having or bearing a palm or palms.


disbud

en-verb

disbud (third-person singular simple present disbuds, present participle disbudding, simple past and past participle disbudded)

disbuds (present singular third-person)
disbudding (participle present)
disbudded (participle past)
disbudded (past)

(veterinary) To remove horn-buds from a young calf, lamb or goat kid, to prevent growth of horns.


habitus

en-noun

habitus (usually uncountable, plural habiti or habitus or habituses)

habiti (plural)
habitus (plural)
habituses (plural)

From Latin habitus (“habit”), from habeō (“have; maintain”). The plural habiti is a misconstruction, as the Latin plural is in fact habitūs. habiti may have been influenced by Latin habitī, the plural of the participle habitus; however, it is not the etymon of the English term.

(zoology) Habitude; mode of life; bearing.

[M]any species having eschariform zoaria in quiet water are able to assume the membraniporiform habitus in strongly agitated water.

1963, Alan H. Cheetham, Late Eocene Zoogeography of the Eastern Gulf Coast Region, page 30:

(zoology, chiefly invertebrates) General appearance.


pinnule

(zoology) A part or an organ which resembles the barb of a feather, particularly the side branches on the stalks of crinoids; Any of the lateral divisions of the finger-like stalks of an encrinite.


scours

(veterinary medicine) Diarrhea in horses and cattle caused by intestinal infection.


lemniscus

lemniscus (plural lemniscuses or lemnisci)

Borrowed from Latin lēmniscus (“pendent ribbon”), from Ancient Greek λημνῐ́σκος (lēmnĭ́skos), from Λῆμνος (Lêmnos, “a Greek island Lemnos”) + -ίσκος (-ískos, “noun-forming diminutive suffix”).

af

(zoology) One of two oval bodies hanging from the interior walls of the body in the Acanthocephala.


maxillary

Borrowed from Latin māxillāris (“of or belonging to the jaw”), from māxilla (“the jawbone, jaw”) + -āris (“-ar, -ary”, adjectival suffix); equivalent to maxilla + -ary.

af

(zootomy) Of or pertaining to the maxillae of an arthropod.


snakehead

Through this plantation ran a creek full of snakeheads and eels, its overflow swelling the swamp around it.

2015, Eka Kurniawan, translated by Labodalih Sembiring, Man Tiger, Verso, page 1:

(zoology) A family of perciform fish native to Africa and Asia, Channidae.


transvestism

en-noun

transvestism (usually uncountable, plural transvestisms)


voluta

Borrowed from Latin volūta (“a spiral scroll”). See volute.

bor+

(zoology) Any of numerous species of large, handsome marine gastropods belonging to Voluta and allied genera.


hydrophile

Hydrophiles usually retain flight capability because they must recolonize unstable habitats.

1986, James Kenneth Liebherr, Cladistic Analysis of North American Platynini:

(zoology) Any organism that thrives in the presence of water.


primipara

en-noun

primipara (plural primiparas or primiparae)

/ˌpɹaɪˈmɪpəɹə/

/ˌpɹaɪˈmɪpɹə/

/pɹaɪˈmɪpəɹə/

Borrowed from Latin prīmipara (“pregnant for the first time; having given birth to only one offspring; primiparous”), from prīmus (“first”) + parere (from pariō (“to bear, give birth to; to beget, produce”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *per- (“to carry forth”)). The word is cognate with French primipare.

der

(obstetrics, veterinary medicine) A woman or female animal during or after her first pregnancy.

първескиня

woman or female animal during or after her first pregnancy — see also primigravida

(obstetrics, veterinary medicine, specifically) A woman or female animal that has carried a first pregnancy to a viable gestational age.

primipara

woman or female animal that has carried a pregnancy to a viable gestational age


arachnoid

19th century from translingual Arachnida + -oid.

/əˈɹæk.nɔɪd/

(arachnology, relational) Relating to or resembling spiders.


esca

(ichthyology) The fleshy growth from an anglerfish's head that acts as a lure for its prey.


manubrium

en-noun

manubrium (plural manubria or manubriums)

(zoology) The tube extending from the central underside of a jellyfish and ending in a mouth.


American Keuda

Initialism, from a 1980s study in the US southwest entitled Kitten Evaluation Under Direct Assessment, which sought to establish the characteristics of the ideal barn cat.

The only other breed said to have this flap is the American Keuda.

And if you aren't bored already here are some more: American Keuda, American Ringtail,[…].

2008, Vicky Halls, The Complete Cat, page 122:

This is not the first breed to be developed from street cats; as the American Shorthair, European Shorthair, and American Keuda all show.

2012, Nancy Robbins, Domestic Cats: Their History, Breeds and Other Facts, page 127:

(zoology) A domestic cat of a provisional breed originating in the United States.


Russian Blue

Russian Blues (plural)
Russian blue (alternative)

(zoology) A domestic cat of a breed with dense silver to grey fur.


decapod

Borrowed from French décapode, see deca- + -pod.


decapod

(zoology) Any of various animals having ten legs or similar appendages, especially mollusks such as squid and cuttlefish.

(zoology) Any crustacean, of the order Decapoda, such as crabs or lobsters.


ampliate

en-adj

ampliate (comparative more ampliate, superlative most ampliate)

more ampliate (comparative)
most ampliate (superlative)

Latin ampliātus, past participle of ampliō (“to make wider”).

(zoology) Having the outer edge prominent; said of the wings of insects.


cygnine

cygnine (comparative more cygnine, superlative most cygnine)

more cygnine (comparative)
most cygnine (superlative)

From Latin cygnus (“swan”), with English -ine.

The genus Choristopus, Eyton, apparently Anserine rather than Cygnine, is said to possess this character […]

1869, Elliott Coues, On the Classification of Water Birds, Merrihew & Son, published 1870, page 26:

(zoology) Being of the genus Cygnus (swan), within subfamily Anserinae of the family Anatidae, though sometimes considered a distinct subfamily, Cygninae.


cirrous

cirrous (comparative more cirrous, superlative most cirrous)

more cirrous (comparative)
most cirrous (superlative)

And Ivy divided from the root, we have observed to live some years, by the cirrous parts commonly conceived but as tentacles and holdfasts unto it.

1658, Sir Thomas Browne, The Garden of Cyrus, Folio Society, published 2007, page 198:

(botany, zoology) Pertaining to cirri; having filaments, fibrous.


palpebral

Borrowed from Late Latin palpebrālis (“of or on the eyelids”), from palpebra (“an eyelid”) + -ālis (“-al”, adjectival suffix), equivalent to palpebra + -al.

af

(zootomy) A dermal bone found near the eye socket of some animals.


hyracoid

en-adj

hyracoid (comparative more hyracoid, superlative most hyracoid)

more hyracoid (comparative)
most hyracoid (superlative)

(zoology) Of or relating to the hyraxes (order Hyracoidea).


arthropodean

/ˌɑːθɹəpɒˈdiːən/

…the tendency at present is to regard such stages as of hardly any importance at all. Then comparisons have constantly been made between Arthropodean and…

1904, Royal Irish Academy, Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, page 320:

Passing from the above vertebrate example to the old arthropodean type Periplaneta we find, as fig. 5 and the table on p. will show, that here the number of the types of gemini is reduced from six to five.

1906, John Edward Salvin Moore with Charles Edward Walker and the Liverpool Cancer Research Committee, First report on the cytological investigation of cancer, 1906, page 77:

Briefly the author endeavours to prove that vertebrates are derived directly from arthropods, that the arthropodean alimentary canal is represented by the ventricles of the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord, the pituitary body and embryonic pharynx represent the mouth of the arthropod, and the neurenteric canal the primitive anus.

1909, Walter Edward Collinge et al., The Journal of Economic Biology, page 20:

1955: AUTHOR UNKNOWN, Research films, p429 or 119 (sources contradict) — MENTION ONLY
(888) MANTON, S. M. The Evolution of Arthropodean Locomotory Mechanisms. Part I. The Locomotion of Peripatus. J. Linn. Soc. (Zool.) 1950, 41, 529.

…the arthropod inherited: — profuse segmentation and its segmental organs; its nervous system and sense organs, including segmental eyes from the peristome as well as from the succeeding segments; besides two pairs of eyes from the prostomium; a pair of antennae and anal cerci, besides the normal appendages, which in the interval between the polychaet and the pro-arthropod had acquired arthropodean character and were biramous; and pleura, which also are appendages, being derived from foliate lobes of…

2000, The Paleontological Society, the Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, and the American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Journal of Paleontology, page 84:

(zoology) Of, resembling, or relating to the Arthropoda.


trinomen

The subspecies (trinomen) is the only infraspecific taxon so recognized by the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature... However, the category of subspecies has not been widely used in entomology, because, in most cases, the level of population differentiation within a species is not clearly determined and subspecies populations are difficult to identify.

1993 May 10, Ke Chung Kim, Bruce A. McPheron, Evolution of Insect Pests: Patterns of Variation, John Wiley, →ISBN, page 458:

(taxonomy, zoology) A scientific name at the rank of subspecies: an expansion of a binomial name (a genus and a species) combined with the name of the subspecies; for example Anopheles gigas formosus or Homo sapiens sapiens.


metapodial

(anatomy, zoology) Of or pertaining to the human metacarpal bones (between the wrist and fingers) or the metatarsal bones (between the ankle and toes); of or pertaining to the equivalent bones in animals.


cubozoan

From cubo(medusa) + -zoan, after class name Cubozoa.

Sume cubozoans have truly brutal venom in their stingers, strong enough to have killed large numbers of humans.

2016, Peter Godfrey-Smith, Other Minds, William Collins, published 2018, page 35:

(zoology) Any cnidarian of the class Cubozoa, including the cubomedusae; a box jellyfish.


cheek pouch

(anatomy, zoology) A pouch in the cheek of some animals, usually used to carry food.


swimmeret

(zoology) In decapods such as lobsters, one of the legs primarily used for swimming but also used for brooding the eggs (except in prawns) and catching food.


pleopod

pleopods (plural)
pleopoda (plural)
pleiopod (alternative)
pleiopus (alternative)
pleopus (alternative)

From pleon (“the abdomen of a crustacean”) + -pod (“foot”).

af

In decapods such as lobsters, pleopods are legs mainly used for swimming but sometimes used for brooding eggs or catching food. In some species certain pleopods of an animal may have been adapted to special functions such as reproduction.

(zoology) One of the abdominal legs of a crustacean.


pterygium

en-noun

pterygium (plural pterygiums or pterygia)

From Ancient Greek πτερύγιον (pterúgion), diminutive of πτέρυξ (ptérux, “wing”).

(zoology) A generalized limb of a vertebrate


brachiation

brachiation (countable and uncountable, plural brachiations)

→ Portuguese: braquiação

Species that normally move by brachiation (swinging from hand to hand while hanging from supports) or vertical leaping and clinging require substantially different cage designs from conventional quadrapedal striders even if all are of similar body weight.

1998, National Research Council (U. S.), Psychological Well-Being of Nonhuman Primates, page 23:

(zoology) Movement by swinging the arms from one hold to the next.


declaw

en-verb

declaw (third-person singular simple present declaws, present participle declawing, simple past and past participle declawed)

declaws (present singular third-person)
declawing (participle present)
declawed (participle past)
declawed (past)

(transitive, veterinary medicine) To surgically remove the claws of (an animal); to perform onychectomy on.


declawing

en-noun

declawing (usually uncountable, plural declawings)

(veterinary medicine) The surgical removal of claws.


collie eye anomaly

(veterinary medicine) A congenital, inherited, bilateral eye disease of dogs characterized by an underdeveloped choroid.


encephalomyocarditis

central nervous system
central nervous system

(veterinary medicine) A viral disease afflicting pigs and some non-human primates, attacking muscle tissue and the central nervous system.

Enzephalomyokarditis

viral disease affecting pigs and primates


agami

Psophia crepitans
Psophia crepitans#Translingual

(zoology) A South American bird, Psophia crepitans, allied to the cranes, and easily domesticated.

trubač agami

a South American bird, Psophia crepitans


prosoma

/pɹəʊˈsəʊmə/

From pro- (“front”) + soma (“body”), from Ancient Greek σῶμα (sôma, “body”).

The front part, called the cephalothorax (or prosoma), is enclosed within a relatively hard and unyielding chitinous shell.

1996, Michael J. Roberts, Spiders of Britain and Northern Europe, Collins, published 1996, page 12:

(zoology) The front segment of a body which is divided into two or more segments, especially the cephalothorax of an arachnid or crustacean.


chelicera

From New Latin chēlicera, from Ancient Greek χηλή (khēlḗ, “jawbone”) + κέρας (kéras, “horn”).

(zoology) Either of the prehensile claws found on the proboscis of chelicerates (horseshoe crabs, sea spiders and arachnids).


ommatidium

/ɒməˈtɪdɪəm/

/ɑməˈtɪdɪəm/

From Ancient Greek ὀμματίδιον (ommatídion, “little eye”), equivalent to ὄμμα (ómma, stem ὄμματ-) + -idium.

der

The ‘compound’ eyes of insects [...] are made up of large numbers of facets or ommatidia, and in this sense, our own eyes are ‘simple’.

(zoology) One of the conical substructures which make up the eyes of invertebrates with compound eyes.


epigyne

/ˈɛpɪd͡ʒaɪn/

From modern Latin epigynum, from Ancient Greek ἐπί (epí) + γυνή (gunḗ, “female”).

1996: This [genital] area is inconspicuous in most adult males and in immature females, but in adult females of the majority of species it is modified into a variably shaped, more or less sclerotized structure called the epigyne. — Michael J. Roberts, Spiders of Britain and Northern Europe (Collins 1996, p. 16)

(zoology) The external female sex organ in arachnids.


book lung

book lungs (plural)
book-lung (alternative)

In addition to book lungs most spiders also have a second respiratory system in the form of paired tracheae; Atypus has none.

1996, Michael J. Roberts, Spiders of Britain and Northern Europe, page 16:

(arachnology) A lamellate respiratory organ found in arachnids.


cribellum

Borrowed from Late Latin cribellum, diminutive of Latin cribrum (“sieve”).

1996: some groups of spiders have a sieve-like plate, the cribellum, just in front of the spinners. — Michael J. Roberts, Spiders of Britain and Northern Europe (Collins 1996, p. 17)

(zoology) A spinning organ having many fine pores, situated in front of the spinners in some araneomorph spiders.


perfoliate

Borrowed from New Latin perfoliāta, from Latin per- (“through”) + the feminine of Latin foliātus (“foliate”).

(zoology) Surrounded by a circle of hairs, etc.


aristate

Latin aristatus, from arista. See arista.

(zoology) Having a slender, sharp, or spiny tip.


caudate

Borrowed from Medieval Latin caudātus, from Classical Latin cauda (“tail”) + -ātus; see -ate (adjective-forming suffix) and -ate (noun-forming suffix).

(zoology) Of or pertaining to the Caudata order of amphibians.

salamanteri-

zoology: of or pertaining to the Caudata


caudate

Some caudates show caudal autotomy, in that part or all of the tail can be shed and subsequently regenerated.

1992, Martin E. Feder, Warren W. Burggren, Environmental Physiology of the Amphibians, page 291:

(zoology) Any member of the Caudata order of amphibians.


gill raker

(ichthyology) A bony, finger-like projection of the gill arch filaments of fish, used for food retention in some species.


palmar

en-adj

palmar (comparative more palmar, superlative most palmar)

more palmar (comparative)
most palmar (superlative)

dorsal

antonym(s) of “toward the palmar surface”

Borrowed from Latin palmaris. May be decomposed as palm + -ar.

(zoology) Of or relating to the underside of the wings of birds.


squilla

From Latin squilla, from Ancient Greek σκίλλα (skílla).

(zoology) A mantis shrimp (Squilla mantis) or other members of the genus Squilla.

(zoology, obsolete) An insect resembling a mantis shrimp.


vestibulum

Unadapted borrowing from Latin vestibulum (“a forecourt, entrance court; an entrance”). Doublet of vestibule.

ubor

(zootomy) A cavity into which, in certain bryozoans, the esophagus and anus open.


-zoan

(zoology) Used to categorise animals based on their evolutionary origin, life history, growth-form or ecological preferences.


Tatzelwurm

Men had been known to quit work here, claiming that the Tatzelwurms were becoming enraged by all the drilling and explosions.

2006, Thomas Pynchon, Against the Day, Vintage, published 2007, page 736:

(cryptozoology) A worm-like cryptid reported to live in the Alps.


remiped

en-adj

remiped (comparative more remiped, superlative most remiped)

more remiped (comparative)
most remiped (superlative)

French rémipède from Latin rēmi (“oar”) + ped(em) (“foot”).


remiped

(zoology) Any small arthropod (usually crustacean or aquatic) with oar-shaped feet.


PED

en-noun

PED (countable and uncountable, plural PEDs)

(veterinary) Initialism of porcine epidemic diarrhoea.


parapodium

(zoology) Any of the paired unjointed lateral outgrowths used for locomotion by worms such as annelids.

(zoology) A lateral expansion on both sides of the foot in some gastropods, often used as a swimming organ.


venter

Borrowing from Latin venter (“the belly; the womb; a swelling”).

bor

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-venter.wav

(biology) A protuberant, usually hollow structure, notably:

(zootomy) The undersurface of the abdomen of an arthropod.


pallescent

en-adj

pallescent (comparative more pallescent, superlative most pallescent)

more pallescent (comparative)
most pallescent (superlative)

From (the present participle stem of) Latin pallēscere (“to become pale”).

[T]he spirit of black melancholy, began to set his seal on her pallescent countenance.

1818, Thomas Love Peacock, chapter 9, in Nightmare Abbey, Hookham, published 1818:

(now chiefly botany, zoology) Growing or becoming pale.


squamulose

squamulose (comparative more squamulose, superlative most squamulose)

more squamulose (comparative)
most squamulose (superlative)

From New Latin squāmulōsus (“squamulose”), from Latin squamula (“small scales”) (diminutive of squāma (“scale of a fish or reptile; item shaped like a scale, flake”)) + -ōsus (suffix meaning ‘full of, prone to’). The English word is analysable as squamula + -ose.

The stem of the mushroom is squamulose.

Fruticose lichens drape and tuft; crustose and squamulose lichens creep and seep; foliose lichens layer and flake.

2020, Merlin Sheldrake, Entangled Life, page 84:

(botany, mycology, zoology) Having small scales.


cucullated

cucullated (comparative more cucullated, superlative most cucullated)

more cucullated (comparative)
most cucullated (superlative)

From Latin cucullatus, from cucullus (“hood”).

They are differently cucullated or capuched upon the head and back, and in the Cicada the eyes are more prominent

1646, Sir Thomas Browne, Pseudodoxia Epidemica, Folio Society, published 2007, page 429:

(zoology, botany) Having a hood-like covering or component; hood-shaped.


dhole

Unknown, possibly from Kannada ತೋಳ (tōḷa, “wolf”).

Mowgli's wanderings had taken him to the edge of the high grassy downs of the Dekkan, and he had seen the fearless dholes sleeping and playing and scratching themselves in the little hollows and tussocks that they use for lairs.

This whistling, a means of communication for a pack of dhole regrouping after an unsuccessful hunt, inspired the other common name of this species—the whistling dog.

2001, “Dhole”, in Endangered Wildlife and Plants of the World, Marshall Cavendish Corporation, page 451:

(zoology) An Asian wild dog, Cuon alpinus.


meristic

meristic (comparative more meristic, superlative most meristic)

more meristic (comparative)
most meristic (superlative)


meristic

(ichthyology) A quantitative property of a fish, as studied in meristics.


meristics

From Ancient Greek μέρος (méros, “part”) + -ist + -ics.

(ichthyology) The counting of quantitative features of a fish, such as its number of fins or of scales.


lask

en-noun

lask (countable and uncountable, plural lasks)

Pannick ſtoppeth the laske as Millet doth, being boiled (as Plinie reporteth) in Goates milk and drunke twiſe in a day.

1597, John Gerarde [i.e., John Gerard], “Of Panick”, in The Herball or Generall Historie of Plantes. […], London: […] Edm[und] Bollifant, for Bonham and Iohn Norton, →OCLC, book I, page 79:

A graue & learned Miniſter, and an ordinary Preacher at Alcmar in Holland, was one day (as hee was walking in the fields for his recreation) ſuddenly taken with a laske or looſeneſſe, and therevpon compelled to retire to the next ditch; but being ſurpriſed at vnawares, by ſome Gentlewomen of his Pariſh wandering that way; was ſo abaſhed, that hee did neuer after ſhew his head in publike, or come into the Pulpit, but pined away with melancholy: […]

1624, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], “Shame and Disgrace, Causes”, in The Anatomy of Melancholy: […], 2nd edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC, partition 1, section 2, member 3, subsection 6, page 88:

The Emulſion or Decoction of the Seed ſtaieth Lasks and continual Fluxes, eaſeth the Chollick, and allayeth the troubleſom Humors in the Bowels, […]

1652, Nich[olas] Culpeper, “Hemp”, in The English Physitian: Or An Astrologo-physical Discourse of the Vulgar Herbs of This Nation. […], London: […] Peter Cole, […], →OCLC, page 64, column 1:

(uncountable, chiefly veterinary medicine) Originally of both persons and animals, now only of animals: looseness of the bowels; diarrhoea; (countable) a bout of this ailment.


glossohyal

From glosso- + -hyal, from Ancient Greek ὖ (û, “the letter upsilon”).

uder

the letter <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">upsilon</i>

(zoology anatomy) The tongue bone, specifically the lingual plate, which is a dermal toothed bone that covers or fuses with the basihyal.


sclerenchyma

en-noun

sclerenchyma (countable and uncountable, plural sclerenchymas or sclerenchymata)

sclerenchymas (plural)
sclerenchymata (plural)

/sklɪəɹˈɛŋkɪmə/

/skləɹˈɛŋkəmə/

(zoology) The hard calcareous deposit in the tissues of the stony corals (Anthozoa).


gena

Borrowed from Latin gena (“cheek”). Doublet of chin.

(zoology) The cheek; the feathered side of the under mandible of a bird.


lampyrid

(zoology) Any member of the family Lampyridae; a firefly or lightning bug


squame

(zoology) The scale, or exopodite, of an antenna of a crustacean.


spitter

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-spitter.wav

(herpetology, slang) Synonym of spitting cobra.


capacitate

en-verb

capacitate (third-person singular simple present capacitates, present participle capacitating, simple past and past participle capacitated)

capacitates (present singular third-person)
capacitating (participle present)
capacitated (participle past)
capacitated (past)

(transitive, zoology) To alter sperm to allow it to fertilize eggs.


polyadenous

en-adj

polyadenous (comparative more polyadenous, superlative most polyadenous)

more polyadenous (comparative)
most polyadenous (superlative)

(botany, zoology, rare) Having many glands.


urogenital papilla

(anatomy, zoology) A tubular ending of the urogenital ducts behind the anus in teleost fish.

(zoology) A structure that is located ventral to the anus in female pigs.


cepheid

(zoology) Of or pertaining to the family Cepheidae


cepheid

(zoology) Any jellyfish in the family Cepheidae


sexuale

Incidentally, it may be stated that beside the sexuale mentioned above, no other sexuale of any aphid species had been known to occur in Bihar.

1976, The Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, page 417:

Early mating individuals in a population producing sexuales late are more likely to mate with members of a population producing sexuales early and vice versa.

2012, A. F. G. Dixon, Aphid Ecology: An optimization approach, page 56:


brachypterous

/bɹəˈkɪptəɹəs/

By surface analysis, brachy- + -pterous.

(zoology) Having short, possibly non-functional wings.


gastrolith

(zoology) rocks which are or have been held inside the digestive tract of an animal to aid in buoyancy or food processing.


allotype

2007, Ivana Karanovic, Candoninae (Ostracoda) from the Pilbara Region in Western Australia, Koninklijke Brill, page 182,
The allotype female has one T2 deformed (fig. 75D), while the other one is normally developed.

(zoology, taxonomy) A designated paratype of a species (or lower-order taxon) that is the opposite sex of the holotype.

alótipo

specimen that exemplifies the opposite sex of the holotype


nektonic

(zoology) Swimming independently of currents.


VN

VNs (plural)
V.N. (alternative)
V. N. (alternative)

But in addition, he adds to the tags of certain assistants the designation, “V.N.,” meaning veterinary nurse.

1963, American Veterinary Medical Association, Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, volume 143, page 179:

Veterinary nurse applicants wanting to work for the Society have to follow the VN course (see Chapter One for details).

1999, Victoria Pybus, Working with Animals: The UK, Europe and Worldwide:

Alison Young joined a small animal practice in 1998 as a student veterinary nurse and whilst there gained her VN qualification.

2006, British Small Animal Veterinary Association, BSAVA Congress 2006: Scientific Proceedings, page 20:

(veterinary, UK, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa) Initialism of veterinary nurse.


Chelosauria lovelli

Coined by William Saville-Kent, assistant curator at the Natural History Museum in London, who wrote an account of the creature in his book The Great Barrier Reef of Australia (W.H. Allen, London, 1893) based on Miss Lovell's accounts. The name means roughly "[Mister] Lovell's tortoise-lizard". (Reference: Malcolm Smith, Bunyips and Bigfoots: In Search of Australia's Mystery Animals, Millennium Books, 1996, →ISBN.)


moha moha

Miss Lovell's first report (quote below) spelt the creature moka moka, but in her second it was moha moha (also below).

1891, S. Lovell, "Tempus omnia monstra", in Land and Water, London, 3 March 1891 (quoted by Malcolm Smith, Bunyips and Bigfoots, Millennium Books, 1996, →ISBN, who was unable to obtain the original and so quotes from Bernard Heuvelmans, In the Wake of the Sea-Serpents, 1968, who in turn apparently quotes from Antoon C. Oudemans, The Great Sea-Serpent, 1892).
Native blacks call it 'Moka, moka' and say they like to eat it, and that it has legs and fingers.

1891, S. Lovell, "Land and Water", 25 April 1891 (quoted by Malcolm Smith from Heuvelmans etc).
The blacks, who had not seen it the day I did, named it at once from my sketch, which must, therefore, be pretty accurate, and called it 'Moha, Moha', and laughed and said, 'Saucy Fellow, Meebee' – in English, 'dangerous turtle'.

(cryptozoology) A type of sea creature reported seen by a Miss Lovell and others at Sandy Cape in South-East Queensland, Australia, on 8 June 1890. She described it as some 30 feet long with a turtle-like neck extending from a rounded body some 8 feet across, and a long fish-like tail.


annulate

Borrowed from New Latin annulatus, from Latin ānulātus.


rachis

rachises (plural)
rachides (plural)
rhachis (alternative)

From New Latin rachis, from Ancient Greek ῥάχις (rhákhis, “spine, ridge”).

der

(obsolete, zoology, anatomy) The spinal column, or the vertebrae of the spine.

In some squid species, the pen rachis flares out into wings on either side, and the tip of the rachis grows into a thick cone.

2017, Danna Staaf, Squid Empire, ForeEdge, →ISBN, page 115:

(zoology) An anatomical shaft or axis in a marine invertebrate.


gas bladder

Nicknamed a "manta" by Andromeda Initiative observers, this majestic creature has been sighted on several worlds in the Heleus Cluster. The Nexus scientists believe it may have originally evolved on a world with heavy deposits of element zero, giving it the ability to lower its mass enough to "swim" through the air. Expanding the muscular gas bladders on its underside allows the creature to rise and orient itself in flight.

2017, BioWare, Mass Effect: Andromeda (Science Fiction), Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →OCLC, PC, scene: Andromeda Wildlife: Manta Codex entry:

(ichthyology) An internal organ that fish use to control their buoyancy, allowing them to maintain or change depth by changing their density.


cestode

From New Latin Cestoda, from cestus (“girdle, belt”), from Ancient Greek κεστός (kestós, “of Aphrodite’s charmed girdle”).

(zoology) A parasitic flatworm of the class Cestoda; a tapeworm.

絛蟲 /绦虫

any of various parasitic tapeworms in the Cestoda


Weberian ossicle

en-noun

Weberian ossicle (plural Weberian ossicles)

(ichthyology) One of a chain of small bones that connect the auditory system to the air bladder of teleost fishes.


radicate

From Latin radicatus, past participle of radicari (“to take root”), from radix (“root”).

(zoology) Fixed at the bottom as if rooted.


apterous

By surface analysis, a + -pterous, or by surface analysis, aptery + -ous.

Near-synonym: flightless

The source of light was thronged by moths and apterous insects.

2019, Chigozie Obioma, An Orchestra of Minorities, Abacus (2019), page 354:


Missouri Fox Trotter

Missouri Fox Trotter (plural Missouri Fox Trotters)

Missouri Fox Trotters (plural)
Missouri fox trotter (alternative rare)

From Missouri + fox trot (“an ambling gait”) + er.

(zoology, hippology) A horse of a midsized, muscular breed with an ambling gait, bred in Missouri, United States.


leopard cat

Prionailurus bengalensis
Prionailurus bengalensis#Translingual

(zoology) A wild cat native to Southeast Asia, Prionailurus bengalensis.


ixodid

(zoology) Any of various ticks of the family Ixodidae.


brachial

Borrowed from Latin bracchialis, from bracchium (“arm”). Doublet of brachialis.

The first brachials are somewhat broader than long and are not entirely in contact interiorly. The second brachials are squarish. The first and most of the second brachials bear spines […]

1950, Austin Hobart Clark, A monograph of the existing crinoids, page 33:

Cup conical, weakly developed basal flange, six arms per ray, one exotomous branching, all brachials biserial within two to five brachials of branching, cup ornamentation probably striae radiating from base of arms onto basals.

1997, Gary D. Webster, David D. Gillette, Lower Carboniferous Echinoderms from Northern Utah and Western Wyoming, page 14:

(zoology) Denoting the upper valve of a brachiopod's shell


phoronid

(zoology) Any hermaphroditic wormlike marine animal of the phylum Phoronida.


calyculus

calyculi (plural)
caliculus (alternative)


cyprine

en-adj

cyprine (comparative more cyprine, superlative most cyprine)

more cyprine (comparative)
most cyprine (superlative)

From Latin cyprīnus (“a species of carp”) + -ine.


milvine

en-adj

milvine (comparative more milvine, superlative most milvine)

more milvine (comparative)
most milvine (superlative)

(zoology) Of or resembling birds of the kite kind.


owlery

Or perhaps there is now no heroic wisdom left in England; England, once the land of heroes, is itself sunk now to a dim owlery, and habitation of doleful creatures, intent only on money-making and other forms of catching mice, for whom the proper gospel is the gospel of M‘Croudy, and all nobler impulses and insights are forbidden henceforth?

1850 April 1, Thomas Carlyle, “No. III. Downing Street.”, in Latter-Day Pamphlets, London: Chapman and Hall, […], →OCLC, page 93:


penguinery

(zoology) A breeding place, or rookery, of penguins.


pheasantry

(zoology) A place for keeping and rearing pheasants.


metabolian

(zoology, dated) An insect which undergoes a metamorphosis.


monodelphous

(zoology) Of or relating to the Monodelphia.


ovipositor

/əʊvɪˈpɒzɪtə/

From ovi- (“egg”) + Latin positor (“one who places”, agent noun form of pōnere).

af

agent noun form of <i class="Latn mention" lang="la">pōnere</i>

I'm fascinated by a splendid European wasp - Rhyssa persuasoria (sabre wasp). […] It has a remarkable ovipositor. That's the multi-function "hypodermic needle" at the end of the abdomen, and, in this instance, it doubles the length of the wasp to about 8cm.

2019 September 15, Jonathan Amos, “Wasps: If you can't love them, at least admire them”, in BBC News:

(zoology) A tubular protruding organ for laying eggs.


perigone

From French périgone, doublet of perigonium.

(zoology) A sac surrounding the generative bodies in the gonophore of a hydroid.


Chinese mountain cat

en-noun

Chinese mountain cat (plural Chinese mountain cats)

(zoology) A small wild cat, Felis bieti, living in western China.


uniparous

(zoology) Producing a single egg or offspring at one time


stylet

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-stylet.wav

From French stylet (“stiletto”), from Middle French stilet (“stiletto”), from Old Italian stiletto. Doublet of stiletto.

Even octopuses without stylets almost certainly retain the molecular machinery necessary to build them.

2017, Danna Staaf, Squid Empire, ForeEdge, →ISBN, page 120:

(zoology) A stiff, slender organ of an animal.


schistosome

From translingual Schistosoma, from Ancient Greek σχιστός (skhistós, “cleaved, divided”) + σῶμα (sôma, “body”).

af

(zoology) A parasitic flatworm which needs two hosts to complete its life cycle. The immature form infests freshwater snails and the adult lives in the blood vessels of birds and mammals, causing bilharzia in humans.


tomentum

(zoology) A covering of fine, soft hairs; a pubescence.


haematodocha

The elastic haematodochae are then distended hydraulically, pushing out and rotating the sclerites of the palpal organs, some of which lock it in position.

1996, Michael J Roberts, Spiders of Britain and Northern Europe, Collins, published 1996, page 22:

(zoology) An elastic sac of tissue within the palp of male arachnids, which fills with blood during insemination.


capitulum

en-noun

capitulum (plural capitulums or capitula)

Borrowed from Latin capitulum. Doublet of chapiter and chapter.

(arachnology) The head-like mouthpart apparatus of a tick, including the palpi, mandibles, and hypostome.


knotting

knotting (countable and uncountable, plural knottings)

(uncountable, zoology) The swelling of the bulbus glandis.


paucispiral

a paucispiral operculum or shell

(biology, malacology, conchology) Having few spirals or whorls.


lithophyte

From litho- (“stone, rock”) + -phyte (“plant”).

confix

(zoology) Any organism, such as a coral, resembling a stony plant.


fossorial

en-adj

fossorial (comparative more fossorial, superlative most fossorial)

more fossorial (comparative)
most fossorial (superlative)

From Latin fossōrius (“adapted for digging or delving”), from fodiō (“dig”).

uder

The most specialized fossorial mammals (moles, marsupial mole) are subterranean, seeking food and shelter underground and rarely coming to the surface.

2006, Kenneth D. Rose, The Beginning of the Age of Mammals, Johns Hopkins University Press, →ISBN:

(zoology) Of, pertaining to, or adapted for digging or burrowing.

риещ

of, pertaining to, or adapted for digging or burrowing


fossorial

(zoology) Any digging animal (such as a mole)


fasciate

From Latin fasciātus, see Etymology 1 and -ate (adjective-forming suffix).


nematogen

nematogens (plural)
nematogene (alternative)

Formed as nemat- + -o- + -gen, in zoölogical use after the French nématogène. Compare nematogenous and nematogenic, as well as the scientific Latin Nēmatogena.

(zoology) One of the dimorphic forms of the species of Dicyema, which produce vermiform embryos; opposed to rhombogen.


tropho-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek τροφή (trophḗ, “nourishment”).

bor

(biology, medicine, zoology) nourish; nourishment.


scute

Borrowed from Latin scutum (“shield”). Compare scutum, escudo, scudo, and écu.

Then one afternoon, as he's stripping the scutes and hide from a shortnose sturgeon, an idea hits him.

1982, TC Boyle, Water Music, Penguin, published 2006, page 71:

(zoology) A horny, chitinous, or bony external plate or scale, as on the shell of a turtle or the skin of crocodiles.


ophiology

From ophio- (“snake”) + -logy (“study of”).

(zoology) The study of snakes, a branch of herpetology.


caudatan

(zoology) Any amphibian of the order Caudata; the salamanders


phasmid

From Latin phasma (“apparition, specter, phantom”) + -id (nominal suffix), from Ancient Greek φάσμα (phásma, “apparition, phantom”).

der

(nematology) Either of the two caudal chemoreceptors in some nematodes.


peristome

peristomes (plural)
peristoma (alternative)
peristomium (alternative)

We can distinguish therefore in the body of a polyp the column, circular or oval in section, forming the trunk, resting on a base or foot and surmounted by the crown of tentacles, which enclose an area termed the peristome, in the centre of which again is the mouth. […] The mouth may be level with the surface of the peristome, or may be projecting and trumpet-shaped.

1911, “Polyp”, in Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition:

(zoology) The parts of or surrounding the mouths of numerous invertebrates.


actinal

From Ancient Greek ἀκτίς, ἀκτῖν- (aktís, aktîn-, “ray”) + -al. The usage was coined by Louis Agassiz (See quotations below.).

ἀκτίς, ἀκτῖν-

The so-called mouth is always placed at one of these poles, and from it radiate the most prominent organs, in consequence of which I have called this side of the body the oral or actinal area ...

1857, Professor Louis Agassiz, Natural History of North America, Vol. IV, page 376:

(zoology) Pertaining to the side or surface around the mouth in an animal that has radial symmetry such as a starfish.

[Professor Agassiz] gives the names of two axes of the animals; that around which the motion of the animal occurs is the actinal axis ...

1861, John Timbs, Charles W. Vincent, James Mason, The Year-book of Facts in Science and Art, Simpkin, Marshall, and Co., page 214:

(zoology) Pertaining to the axis of rotational symmetry in radiate animals.


remipede

remipedes (plural)
remiped (alternative)

From French rémipède, partly modelled on Latin.

(zoology) Any of several small, marine, cave-dwelling crustaceans, of the class Remipedia, characterized by a short head and a long trunk bearing setose swimming appendages


orientating response

en-noun

orientating response (plural orientating responses)

(zoology) An animal's response to a stimulus in which the animal moves in a way that allows it to better evaluate the nature of the stimulus. It can then better respond to danger through "fight or flight".


electrolocation

(zoology) the ability of an animal to detect an object by its distortion of the animal's electric field, as in the electric fishes such as the electric eel.


helotism

helotism (usually uncountable, plural helotisms)

(zoology) A form of mutualism in which one species is forced to perform tasks for another, for their mutual benefit


unguis

From Latin unguis (“nail, claw, hoof”). Doublet of onyx.

(zoology) The nail, claw, talon, or hoof of a finger, toe, or other appendage.


stirps

Borrowed from Latin stirps (“rootstock, stem”).

(zoology, botany) A superfamily of animals or plants.


gular

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-gular.wav

From gula (“upper throat”) + -ar (suffix forming adjectives). Gula is derived from Latin gula (“gullet, throat; palate”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʷel- (“throat”).

suffix

Iguanæ. [...] Inhabits America, on the gular pouch of the Iguana.

1806, Charles Linnè [i.e., Carl Linnaeus], “Order VII. Aptera.”, in William Turton, transl., A General System of Nature, through the Three Grand Kingdoms of Animals, Vegetables, and Minerals, […], volume III (Animal Kingdom), part II (Insects), London: […] Lackington, Allen, and Co. […], →OCLC, page 702:

The back of the guana is very strongly serrated; and this, together with the gular pouch, which it has the power of extending or inflating occasionally to a great degree, gives a formidable appearance to an animal otherwise harmless.

1816, G[eorge] Gregory, “LACERTA, lizard”, in A Dictionary of Arts and Sciences. […], 1st American edition, volume II, Philadelphia, Pa.: […] Isaac Peirce, […], →OCLC:

The Field Woodpecker. P. Campestris. [...] Head, chin, and throat, black; front of neck, yellowish; gular streak black; body beneath, white. America.

1829, [Georges] Cuvier, Edward Griffith, “The Third Order of Birds, Scansores, or Climbers”, in The Animal Kingdom Arranged in Conformity with Its Organization, […], volume VII, London: […] Whittaker, Treacher, and Co. […], →OCLC, page 449:

THE SOFT-SHELLED TURTLE. Trionyx ferox. [...] Neck long, smooth, with a gular fold.

1842, James E[llsworth] De Kay, “Class III. Reptiles.”, in Zoology of New-York; or The New-York Fauna; […] (Natural History of New York; I), part III (Reptiles and Amphibia), Albany, N.Y.: […] W. & A. White & J. Visscher, →OCLC, page 6:

Cyclanosteus senegalensis. [...] The five gular callosities are very similar in disposition; but they vary greatly in form and size, compared with each other, in the different speciments of this species.

1870, John Edward Gray, “Cyclanosteus”, in Supplement to the Catalogue of Shield Reptiles in the Collection of the British Museum. Part I. Testudinata (Tortoises). […], London: […] Trustees [of the British Museum], →OCLC, page 112, column 2:

Evaporative cooling via the respiratory tract in birds is enhanced by increased movement of the air by panting or by gular flutter.

1995, Gordon Lindsay Maclean, “Thermoregulation”, in Ecophysiology of Desert Birds (Adaptation of Desert Organisms), Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, →ISBN, section 6.2.1 (Evaporative Heat Loss (EHL)), page 91:

Ladyfishes are elongate, slender, and robust, with a terminal mouth and a deeply forked caudal fin. [...] Gular plate, located between limbs of lower jaw, is well developed.

1998, John D. McEachran, Janice D. Fechhelm, “Elopiformes”, in Fishes of the Gulf of Mexico, volume 1 (Myxiniformes to Gasterosteiformes), Austin, Tex.: University of Texas Press, →ISBN, page 204:

(chiefly zoology) Particularly of an animal: of, pertaining to, or located at the gula (“the upper front of the neck next to the chin”) or the throat.

gularni

of, pertaining to, or located at the gula or the throat


gular

Cnemidophorus maximus [...] Plates of the collar graduating in the posterior gular, the marginal largest, the series concave anteriorly in the middle. Anterior gulars abruptly larger, their median largest.

1863, E[dward] D[rinker] Cope, “Descriptions of New American SQUAMATA, in the Museum of the Smithsonian Institution, Washington”, in Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa.: […] Academy [of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia], published 1864, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 104:

A small tortoise, females larger than males, with a maximum carapace length of 110 mm and mass of 150 g. [...] The plastron is composed of paired gulars, which together are more than twice as wide than long; [...]

1989, Richard C. Boycott, “Homopus boulengeri …”, in Ian R[ichard] Swingland, Michael W. Klemens, editors, The Conservation Biology of Tortoises […] (Occasional Papers of the IUCN Species Survival Commission (SSC); no. 5), Gland, Vaud, Switzerland: International Union for Conservation of Nature, →ISBN, page 78:

The plastral scutes are represented by a complete set including the gulars, extragulars, humerals, pectorals, abdominals, femorals, and four pairs of inframarginals. The gulars are very short medially and do not reach the entoplastron.

2013, Igor G. Danilov, Vladimir B. Sukhanov, Elena V. Syromyatnikova, “Redescription of Zangerlia dzamynchondi (Testudines: Nanhsiungchelyidae) from the Late Cretaceous of Mongolia, with a Reassessment of the Phylogenetic Position and Relationships of Zangerlia”, in Donald B. Brinkman, Patricia A. Holroyd, James D. Gardner, editors, Morphology and Evolution of Turtles […] (Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology Series), Dordrecht: Springer, →DOI, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 412, column 1:

(zoology) A plate or scale in the throat region of the body of a fish or reptile (especially a snake).


alligatorid

This species is large compared with known Eocene alligatorids, although its character states present a mosaic of resemblances to earlier and later alligatorids.

1956, Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia, volume 31, page 554:

Although most alligatorids have ventral osteoderms, the American alligator usually has only poorly developed single osteoderms in the pectoral and midventral regions, if at all (Fig. 6C and D).

1989, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, Crocodiles: Their Ecology, Management, and Conservation, page 24:

The oldest alligatorid, Navajosuchus mooki, is from the lowermost Paleocene (66-62 Ma).

2009, S. Blair Hedges, Sudhir Kumar, The timetree of life, →ISBN, page 403:

(zoology) Any reptile of the family Alligatoridae; a caiman or alligator.


rabbit board

rabbit boards (plural)
Rabbit Board (alternative)
rabbit-board (alternative)

Rabbits are fastened upon rabbit-boards and anesthetized with a mixture of three parts of ether and one of alcohol.

1902, Harold Clarence Ernst, Animal Experimentation, page 97:

The laboratory should be supplied with chemical work tables and sinks ; a fume chamber; large water bath for 40 and 100 degrees C.; dog and rabbit boards; analytical balance; scales weighting 0.01 gm. to 20 gm.;[…].

1902, American Medical Association, The Journal of the American Medical Association, volume 39, page 544:

The animal is restrained on the rabbit board, with the level of the head slightly below the level of the heart, the neck region shaved with small animal clippers, and then palpated to locate the trachea.

1978, Peter W. Jones, Ralph Freudenthal, Carcinogenesis—A Comprehensive Survey, volume 3, page 349:

(veterinary medicine) A board on which a rabbit may be immobilised.


suid

From the family name translingual Suidae, from the genus name translingual Sus.

(zoology) Any of the family Suidae of pigs and related creatures.


epipubic bone

(zoology) a rod-like bone that projects forward from the pelvis in monotremes and marsupials.

pankkaluu

rod-like bone projecting from the pelvis


epistome

epistomes (plural)
epistoma (alternative)

New Latin epistoma, corresponding to epi- + -stome.

(zoology) a mouth-covering lobe or ridge in bryozoans and phoronids


footrot

en-noun

footrot (countable and uncountable, plural footrots)

footrots (plural)
foot rot (alternative)

(veterinary medicine) A hoof infection, infectious pododermatitis, that is commonly found in sheep, goat, and cattle.


osselet

osselet (countable and uncountable, plural osselets)

(zoology, archaic) The internal bone, or shell, of a cuttlefish.


intersex

intersex (countable and uncountable, plural intersexes)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-intersex.wav

From German Intersexe. Doublet of intersect. By surface analysis, inter- + sex.

Goldschmidt and others who have thought of the homosexual individual as an intersex have relied upon incidence figures which were pure guesses and which, as the data in the present chapter will show, bear little relation to the fact....

1948, Alfred Kinsey with Wardell Baxter Pomeroy and Clyde Eugene Martin, Sexual behavior in the human male, page 659:

Conversely, a fertilized egg with one X-chromosome would develop not into a male but into an intersex […]

1955, Curt Stern, Principles of Human Genetics, page 374:

Pseudo-hermaphrodites or other intersexes are not to be confused with transsexualists; transvestites may be transsexualists, but not necessarily.

Genital surgery on intersexes has been performed for about a century

2003, Peggy Tine Cohen-Kettenis with Friedemann Pfäfflin, Transgenderism and intersexuality in childhood and adolescence, page 155:

An intersex, then, is an animal that shows both male and female characteristics.

2009, Mary C Smith, David Sherman, Goat Medicine, page 609:

(countable, biology, zoology) An individual with any of these conditions.


alarm substance

alarm substance (plural alarm substances)

(zoology) A chemical emitted from the skin of a fish after an injury that warns nearby fish of danger.


falcate

en-adj

falcate (comparative more falcate, superlative most falcate)

more falcate (comparative)
most falcate (superlative)

Borrowed from Latin falcātus (“curved, sickle-shaped”), from falx (“sickle”, oblique stem in falc-) + -ātus, see -ate (adjective-forming suffix).


pleon

Borrowed from New Latin, from Ancient Greek πλέων (pléōn), present participle of πλεῖν (pleîn, “to sail”); from the fact that it bears the swimming limbs. Alternatively, perhaps in the sense of being longer or extended.


strobilus

Borrowed from Ancient Greek στρόβιλος (stróbilos). According to Liddell and Scott, 8th ed. 1882: of various meanings such as a pine-cone, something screwed up into a lump like a pine-cone, a pine tree and more.

(zoology) A strobila, a layered reproductive stage in jellyfish, in which the swimming medusa form is produced.


farinose

en-adj

farinose (comparative more farinose, superlative most farinose)

more farinose (comparative)
most farinose (superlative)

Borrowed from Late Latin farīnōsus, from Latin farīna.

(botany, zoology) Covered with a sort of white, mealy powder, like the leaves of some poplars, and the body of certain insects; mealy


disbudding

en-noun

disbudding (countable and uncountable, plural disbuddings)

(veterinary) In the raising of domesticated animals with horns, such as goats, sheep, and cows, the removal of the undeveloped horns from a young animal.


acidopore

(zoology, rare) A conical structure with a small terminal opening, at the posterior end of an ant’s gaster through which it sprays formic acid and associated hydrocarbons, collectively comprising the venom. This structure is unique to, but characteristic of all members of the ant subfamily Formicinae.


placozoan

Placozoa + -an; compare protozoan, protozoon.

2010, Vicki Buchsbaum Pearse, Oliver Voigt, 12: Field Biology of Placozoans (Trichoplax), Rob Desalle, Bernd Schierwater (editors), Key Transitions in Animal Evolution, Taylor & Francis (CRC Press), Science Publishers, page 273,
Similarly, at Madang, Papua New Guinea, a small rhabdocoel flatworm crawling on a slide among placozoans was observed contacting a placozoan, recoiling vigorously, and changing its direction of movement only to encounter another placozoan and repeat this behavior several times.

Although ciliates, nematodes and are other small animals are observed around or even on placozoans, they do not seem to elicit any response (Pearse and Voigt, 2007).

2018, Fatik Baran Mandal, Biology of Non-chordates, 2nd edition, PHI Learning, page 112:

Placozoans have a lower side facing the substratum and an upper side facing the water body.

2019, Oliver Voigt, Michael Eitel, “3: Placozoa”, in Andreas Schmidt-Rhaesa, editor, Handbook of Zoology: Miscellaneous Invertebrates, Walter de Gruyter, page 41:

(zoology) Any of a group of balloon-shaped marine organisms, of the phylum Placozoa, considered to be the simplest living animals.


skunk ape

(US, cryptozoology) A hominid creature said to inhabit the Southeastern United States.


heterocercal

en-adj

heterocercal (comparative more heterocercal, superlative most heterocercal)

more heterocercal (comparative)
most heterocercal (superlative)

(ichthyology) Of a fish's tail, such that the vertebral column bends and extends upwards into the upper lobe of the tail, making it larger than the lower lobe; as in sharks, rays, and skates.


radula

/ˈɹæd͡ʒ.ʊ.lə/

The radula end containing the first 5–10 rows of teeth showed evidence of wear from rasping over rock surfaces during feeding and was removed using dissection.

2015 February 18, Asa H. Barber, Dun Lu, Nicola M. Pugno, “Extreme strength observed in limpet teeth”, in Journal of the Royal Society Interface:

What Kruta found in the ammonoid fossils was an unfoldable radula covered with delicate, comblike teeth.

2017, Danna Staaf, Squid Empire, ForeEdge, →ISBN, page 98:

(zoology) The rasping tongue of snails and all other mollusks except bivalves.

raastinkieli

the rasping tongue of snails and most other molluscs


respawn

en-verb

respawn (third-person singular simple present respawns, present participle respawning, simple past and past participle respawned)

respawns (present singular third-person)
respawning (participle present)
respawned (participle past)
respawned (past)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-respawn.wav

This diminishes even further the remote chance of the fish surviving to respawn.

1970, Idaho Wildlife Review, volumes 23-29, page 161:


morid

(zoology) Any member of the Moridae family of fish.


aposematism

apo- (prefix meaning ‘away from’) (from Ancient Greek ᾰ̓πό (ăpó, “from, away from”)) + semat(ic) (“acting as a sign of danger”) (from Ancient Greek σῆμα (sêma, “mark, sign, token”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰyeh₂- (“to notice”) + -μᾰ (-mă, suffix forming neuter nouns denoting the object or result of an action, or a particular instance of an action)) + -ism. The word aposematic was coined by British evolutionary biologist Edward Bagnall Poulton (1856–1943) in The Colours of Animals (1890).

der

First, the selection of "red" as a releaser in courtship and social chasing indicates a secondarily evolved use of aposematic coloring. It is assumed here that aposematism in this and other red-and-black heliconiids, and their correlated development of Müllerian mimicry, occurred in evolution before the development of red as a social releaser.

1954, Zoologica: Scientific Contributions of the New York Zoological Society, New York, N.Y.: New York Zoological Society, →OCLC, page 193, column 1:

The co-occurrence of conspicuous coloration and noxious characteristics in many coastal marine species suggests that aposematism is a common predator deterrent in the marine environment.

1990 June, Mary [K.] Wicksten, compiler, Adaptive Coloration in Invertebrates: Proceedings of a Symposium Sponsored by the American Society of Zoologists (TAMU-SG; 90-106), [Galveston, Tex.]: Texas A&M Sea Grant College Program, →OCLC, page 77, column 1:

Detected prey can avoid an attack by way of warning signals (aposematism), for example, bright coloration as a sign of toxicity. […] Aposematisms offer opportunities for 'cheating' species which are not poisonous but show the same color pattern, so-called Batesian mimicry.

2008, J. M. Jeshke, C. Laforsch, R. Tollrian, “Animal Prey Defenses”, in Encyclopedia of Ecology, volumes 1 (A–C), Amsterdam: Elsevier, →ISBN, page 191, column 2:

For example, both toxicity and coloration may be energetically costly to produce and maintain, and some theoretical models have predicted that once a predator has learned that a prey is toxic, prey should reduce the amount of energy invested in producing an honest signal. This could in turn make aposematism evolutionarily stable, as opposed to a constant arms race between toxicity, coloration and predator perception or toxic resistance

2015 June, Lina María Arenas, Dominic Walter, Martin Stevens, “Signal Honesty and Predation Risk among a Closely Related Group of Aposematic Species”, in Nature, volume 5, London: Nature Research, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2015-09-18, article number 11021:

We focus in this text on animal defences, but aposematism may apply in other groups. Aposematism has thus been variously proposed in plants […] where, for example, conspicuous coloration on the tips of defensitve spines might serve to draw the attention of predators and deter them from attacking. It has been suggested also that aposematism exists in some fungi […]

2018, Graeme D. Ruxton, William L. Allen, Thomas N. Sherratt, Michael P. Speed, “Aposematism”, in Avoiding Attack: The Evolutionary Ecology of Crypsis, Aposematism, and Mimicry, 2nd edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →DOI, →ISBN, section 6.2.6 (Aposematism is Primarily a Phenomenon in Animals, but It may be Present in Other Groups), pages 89–90:

(biology, chiefly zoology) An adaptation, especially a form of coloration, that warns off potential predators.

aposematisme

adaptation that warns off potential predators


piercer

(zoology) The ovipositor, or sting, of an insect.

(zoology) Any insect provided with an ovipositor.


bilaterian

en-noun

bilaterian (plural bilaterians or bilateria)

Whatever the phylogenetic relationship among bilaterians and the diploblastic phyla, there was clearly a significant expansion in genomic information within the internode that connects the bilaterian clade to other branches.

2005, N. S. Sharma, Continuity And Evolution Of Animals, page 91:

Lacking body cavities and both circulatory and excretory organs, with subepidermal nerve plexuses and 'brains' represented, if at all, by thickened anterior commissures, and with simple reproductive set-ups, acoels come close to representing a model stem ancestor for bilaterians.

2007, J. W. Valentine, “Seeing ghosts: Neoproterozoic bilaterian body plans”, in Patricia Vickers-Rich, Patricia Komarower, editors, The Rise and Fall of the Ediacaran Biota, page 372:

In most bilaterians, the gut musculature and most vascular muscles derive from the mesoderm.

2010, José Xavier-Neto, Marcos Sawada Simoes-Costa, Rodrigo Abe Castro, Hozana Andrade Castillo, Allysson Coelho Sampaio, Ana Paula Azambuja, “Chapter 1.1: Evolutionary Origins of Hearts”, in Nadia Rosenthal, Richard P. Harvey, editors, Heart Development and Regeneration, volume 1, page 12:

(zoology) Any animal that has bilateral symmetry, collectively grouped in the clade Bilateria.

bilatérien

any animal that has bilateral symmetry, collectively grouped in the clade Bilateria


deuterostome

(zoology) Any animal, of the subphylum Deuterostomia, in which the initial pore formed during gastrulation becomes the anus, and the second pore becomes the mouth.

後口動物 /后口动物

animal in which the initial pore formed during gastrulation becomes the anus, and the second pore becomes the mouth

டியூட்டெரோஸ்டோம்

ṭiyūṭṭerōsṭōm


cracid

Indeed, if anything it^([the chachalaca]) is further from the Galliformes than the duck; but because of the slight uncertainties in the method Prager and Wilson argued for a three-way split between ducks, cracids, and non-cracid galliforms.

1982 May 20, Jeremy Charfas, “Proving the pattern of life”, in New Scientist, number 1306, page 485:

Cracraft (1973b, p. 507) asserted that Gallinuloides was closer to phasianids than cracids, but never presented evidence to substantiate his claim.

2012, Storrs L. Olson, “Chapter 2: The Fossil Record of Birds”, in Donald Farner, editor, Avian Biology, volume 3, page 115:

Two of the five Galliform families, the cracids (guans, curassows and chachalacas) and the New World quails, are confined to the Americas, with most species in Central and especially South America.

2013, Erik Hirschfeld, Andy Swash, Robert Still, The World's Rarest Birds, page 278:

(zoology) Any bird of the family Cracidae.


dryopithecine

(zoology) Of, or relating to, the primate genus †Dryopithecus, considered to be relatives of both humans and apes.


dryopithecine

(zoology) Any member of this genus of primates


poriferan

(zoology) Any sponge of the phylum Porifera.


squamate

The ground here, it seems, is a mecca for the costive denizens of the Sahel, an unspoiled latrine for Mother Nature and all her feathered, furred and squamate creation.

1982, TC Boyle, Water Music, Penguin, published 2006, page 45:


pteropid

(zoology) Any bat of the former family Pteropidae; the fruit bats


apomictic

en-adj

apomictic (comparative more apomictic, superlative most apomictic)

more apomictic (comparative)
most apomictic (superlative)

I have found no definite reports of apomictic turbellarians, although the stenostomid Rhynchoscolex is said neither to reproduce by fission (but see Pennak, 1978) nor to possess a male system (Sterrer and Rieger, 1974).

1982, Graham Bell, The Masterpiece of Nature: The Evolution and Genetics of Sexuality:

Successful breeding of apomictic species is a relatively recent achievement and thus far only a few artificially bred cultivars of any apomictic crop have been released. For many years the only source of cultivars of apomictic species was selection and increase of the best natural apomictic ecotypes.

1990, E. C. Bashaw, Wayne W. Hanna, “5: Apomictic reproduction”, in Geoffrey Peter Chapman, editor, Reproductive Versatility in the Grasses, Cambridge University Press, page 115:

2001, Julien Berthaud, Chapter 2: Apomixis and the Management of Genetic Diversity, Yves Savidan, John G. Carman, Thomas Dresselhaus (editors), The Flowering of Apomixis: From Mechanisms to Genetic Engineering, CIMMYT, page 20,
The first generation hybrid between teosinte (sexual, aa) and apomictic maize (AA) would be apomictic (Aa), and BC₁ plants with teosinte as female would produce Aa (apomictic) and aa (sexual) progeny.

(botany, zoology) Of, pertaining to, or characterised by apomixis.


lucinid

(zoology) Any bivalve mollusc of the family Lucinidae.


lucinid

lucinid (comparative more lucinid, superlative most lucinid)

more lucinid (comparative)
most lucinid (superlative)

(zoology) Characteristic of these creatures.


arbuscle

arbuscles (plural)
arbuscule (alternative)

Latin arbuscula, diminutive of arbor or arbos (“tree; tuft of feathers”).

(zoology) A clump of feather-like cilia (hairlike structures).


siboglinid

(zoology) Any polychaete annelid worm of the family Siboglinidae.


turbellarian

/ˌtɜːbɪˈlɛəɹi.ən/

From translingual Turbellaria (from Latin turbellae (“bustle”), from turba (“confusion”)) + -an.

(zoology) Any flatworm of the class Turbellaria.


geophily

(zoology) The property of spending a stage of life underground.


geophilic

geophilic (comparative more geophilic, superlative most geophilic)

more geophilic (comparative)
most geophilic (superlative)

(zoology) Spending all or a stage of the life cycle underground; exhibiting geophily.


bullid

(zoology) Any gastropod in the family Bullidae.


mullid

(zoology) Any fish in the family Mullidae, the goatfish or red mullets.


nuchal

Borrowed from Medieval Latin nuchālis, from nucha + -ālis, from Arabic نُخَاع (nuḵāʕ, “spinal cord”).

Dunn gives a key to a part of this group of Eumeces, based upon the number of nuchals, placing the two American species (he does not consider Eumeces altamirani Dugès) in a group having 14-17 pairs of nuchals;[…].

1935, The Kansas University Science Bulletin, volume 23, page 105:

Growth patterns of clavicles, cleithra, opercles, medial nuchals, dorsal scutes, and pectoral fin ray sections have been compared in white sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus.

2004, B.G. Kapoor, Bhavna Khanna, Ichthyology Handbook, page 248:

Scales are weakly differentiated, with head scales flat and smooth, nuchals small and smooth, dorsal scales small and keeled, and tail scales larger ventrally than laterally, without wings.

2004, Hans-Georg Horn, “6.19: Varanus salvadorii”, in Eric R. Pianka, Dennis R. King, Ruth Allen King, editors, Varanoid Lizards of the World, Indiana University Press, page 236:

(zoology) A neck scale, especially of a lizard.


nematoid

nematoid (comparative more nematoid, superlative most nematoid)

more nematoid (comparative)
most nematoid (superlative)

(zoology) Of, relating to, or resembling a nematode.


nematoid

(zoology) A member of the Nematoida clade, that is Nematoda or Nematomorpha


cleaner fish

en-noun

cleaner fish (plural cleaner fishes or cleaner fish)

cleaner fishes (plural)
cleaner fish (plural)

(zoology) Any of many unrelated fishes that provide a service to other fish species by removing dead skin and parasites.


gonochorism

From gono- + Ancient Greek χωρίζω (khōrízō, “separate”) + -ism.

af

(biology, chiefly zoology) The situation in which the individuals of a species are of one of at least two distinct sexes, and retain that sexuality throughout their lives.

gonocorisme

state of having at least two distinct sexes


gaster

Borrowing from Ancient Greek γᾰστήρ (găstḗr, “paunch, belly”).

bor

(zootomy, entomology) The enlarged part of the abdomen behind the petiole in hymenopterous insects (such as ants).