poll

poll (third-person singular simple present polls, present participle polling, simple past and past participle polled)

polls (present singular third-person)
polling (participle present)
polled (participle past)
polled (past)

From Middle English pol, polle ("scalp, pate"), from or cognate with Middle Dutch pol, pōle, polle (“top, summit; head”), from Proto-West Germanic *poll, from Proto-Germanic *pullaz (“round object, head, top”), from Proto-Indo-European *bolno-, *bōwl- (“orb, round object, bubble”), from Proto-Indo-European *bew- (“to blow, swell”).
Akin to Scots pow (“head, crown, scalp, skull”), Saterland Frisian pol (“round, full, brimming”, adj), German Low German Polle, Poll (“round object, ball”), German Low German Poller (“head, tree-top, bulb”), Danish puld (“crown of a hat”), Swedish dialectal pull (“head”).
Meaning "collection of votes" is first recorded 1625, from the notion of "counting heads".

cog

The network hub polled the department’s computers to determine which ones could still respond.

(transitive, computing, communication) To (repeatedly) request the status of something (such as a computer or printer on a network).


inspector

→ Japanese: インスペクター (insupekutā)

Borrowed from Latin īnspector, from īnspiciō.

Chrome has a built-in development tool called the Chrome Inspector. You can use it to examine the HTML elements in a web page; review what resources — or files, cookies, and databases — are active; follow network activity; […]

After that, with the help of the disk inspector, you can at any time compare the status of programs and system disk areas with the original one.

2020, Anatoly Belous, Vitali Saladukha, Viruses, Hardware and Software Trojans, page 112:

(computing) A software tool used to examine something.


raft

en-verb

raft (third-person singular simple present rafts, present participle rafting, simple past and past participle rafted)

rafts (present singular third-person)
rafting (participle present)
rafted (participle past)
rafted (past)

Late Middle English, of North Germanic origin, from West Old Norse raptr, from Proto-Germanic *raf-tra-, from Proto-Indo-European *rap-tro-, from *rep- (“stake, beam”). See also Norwegian raft (“beam, rafter”), Danish raft (“thin pole”). Compare also Albanian trap (“raft, ferry”).

The ToolStripContainer provides built-in rafting and docking of ToolStrip, MenuStrip, and StatusStrip controls.

2007, Dinesh Maidasani, Straight to the Point - Visual Basic 2005, page 11:

graphical user interface
graphical user interface

(graphical user interface) To dock (toolbars, etc.) so that they share horizontal or vertical space.


tunnel

→ Afrikaans: tonnel

→ Armenian: թունել (tʻunel)

→ Czech: tunel

→ Danish: tunnel

→ Dutch: tunnel

→ Finnish: tunneli

desctree

→ French: tunnel
Haitian Creole: tinèl
→ Armenian: թիւնէլ (tʻiwnēl)
→ Ottoman Turkish: تونل (tünel), طونل (tünel)
Turkish: tünel
→ Romanian: tunel

→ German: Tunnel

→ Greek: τούνελ (toúnel)

→ Italian: tunnel

→ Japanese: トンネル

→ Korean: 터널 (teoneol)

→ Norwegian Bokmål: tunnel, tunell

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: tunnel, tunell

→ Polish: tunel

→ Portuguese: túnel

→ Russian: тунне́ль (tunnélʹ)

→ Kazakh: түнел (tünel)

→ Scottish Gaelic: tunail

→ Serbo-Croatian: tùnēl

→ Spanish: túnel

→ Swedish: tunnel

→ Uzbek: tunnel

From Middle French tonnelle (“net”) or tonel (“cask”), diminutive of Old French tonne (“cask”), a word of uncertain origin and affiliation. Related to Old English tunne (“tun; cask; barrel”). More at tun.

(computing, networking) A wrapper for a protocol that cannot otherwise be used because it is unsupported, blocked, or insecure.


tunnel

en-verb

tunnel (third-person singular simple present tunnels, present participle (UK) tunnelling or (US) tunneling, simple past and past participle (UK) tunnelled or (US) tunneled)

tunnels (present singular third-person)
tunnelling (UK participle present)
tunneling (US participle present)
tunnelled (UK participle past)
tunnelled (UK past)
tunneled (US participle past)
tunneled (US past)

(computing, networking) To transmit something through a tunnel (wrapper for an insecure or unsupported protocol).


screen

From Middle English scren, screne (“windscreen, firescreen”), from Anglo-Norman escren (“firescreen, the tester of a bed”), Old French escren, escrein, escran (modern French écran (“screen”)), from Middle Dutch scherm, from Old Dutch *skirm, from Proto-West Germanic *skirmi, from Proto-Germanic *skirmiz (“fur, shelter, covering, screen”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to cut, divide”).
Cognate with Dutch scherm (“screen”), German Schirm (“screen”). Doublet of scherm.
An alternative etymology derives Old French escren, escran from Old Dutch *scranc (“barrier”) (compare Middle Dutch schranc, schranke (“palisade, trellis, grid”), German Schrank (“cupboard, cabinet”), German Schranke (“fence”)), from Proto-West Germanic *skrank, from Proto-Germanic *skrankaz.

der

After you turn on the computer, the login screen appears.

Clicking the Edit button sends you to a screen where you can change the name and description.

Various forms or formats of information display

(computing) The visualised data or imagery displayed on a computer screen.


abductive

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-abductive.wav

(logic, computing) Being or relating to a logical process of abduction or inference.


plain

en-adj

plain (comparative plainer, superlative plainest)

plainer (comparative)
plainest (superlative)

From Middle English pleyn, borrowed from Anglo-Norman pleyn, playn, Middle French plain, plein, and Old French plain, from Latin plānus (“flat, even, level, plain”). Doublet of llano, piano, and plane.

der

(computing) Containing no extended or nonprinting characters (especially in plain text).

net

computing: containing no non-printing characters


SDP

Session Description Protocol
w:Session Description Protocol

(networking) Initialism of Session Description Protocol.


SDP

en-noun

SDP (countable and uncountable, plural SDPs)

(computing, uncountable) Initialism of stochastic dynamic programming.

(networking) Initialism of service discovery protocol.


EBCDIC

Thus, to translate an EBCDIC message into an ASCII one we need a table with 256 one-byte entries. In each position we put the ASCII code that corresponds to that EBCDIC entry.

1989, D. Russell, The Principles of Computer Networking, Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 218:

(computing) Acronym of Extended Binary-Coded-Decimal Interchange Code, an 8-bit character set and encoding representing 256 alphanumeric and special characters, devised by and used primarily by IBM.


populate

en-verb

populate (third-person singular simple present populates, present participle populating, simple past and past participle populated)

populates (present singular third-person)
populating (participle present)
populated (participle past)
populated (past)

Borrowed from Medieval Latin populātus, past participle of populor (“populate”), from Latin populus (“people”).

John clicked the Search button and waited for the list to populate.

Clicking the refresh button will populate the grid.

(computing, transitive, intransitive) To fill initially empty items in a collection.


task

From Middle English taske (“task, tax”), from Old Northern French tasque, (compare Old French variant tasche), from Medieval Latin tasca, alteration of taxa, from Latin taxāre (“censure; charge”). Doublet of tax.

The user killed the frozen task.

(computing) A process or execution of a program.


fence

en-noun

fence (countable and uncountable, plural fences)

→ Pennsylvania German: Fens

From Middle English fence, fens, short for defence, defens (“the act of defending”), from Old French defens, defense (see defence).
The sense "enclosure" arises in the mid 15th century.
Also from the 15th century is use as a verb in the sense "to enclose with a fence". The generalized sense "to defend, screen, protect" arises ca. 1500. The sense "to fight with swords (rapiers)" is from the 1590s (Shakespeare).
Displaced native Old English heġe (compare Modern English hedge).

the grass is always greener on the other side of the fence


database publishing

(computing) the production of catalogues, price lists etc, using data from a database


back up

en-verb

back up (third-person singular simple present backs up, present participle backing up, simple past and past participle backed up)

backs up (present singular third-person)
backing up (participle present)
backed up (participle past)
backed up (past)

Back up your documents folder before applying the update.

(idiomatic, computing, transitive) To copy (data) so that it can be restored if the main copy is lost.


dichotomic

en-adj

dichotomic (comparative more dichotomic, superlative most dichotomic)

more dichotomic (comparative)
most dichotomic (superlative)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-dichotomic.wav

(computing) Choosing between two antithetical choices, between two distinct alternatives. Classification based upon two opposites. http://www.iop.org/EJ/abstract/0305-4470/27/14/016


permission

en-noun

permission (countable and uncountable, plural permissions)

From Middle English permision, permission, permissioun, permyssion, from Middle French permission, from Latin permissiō. Mostly replaced native English leave, from Old English lēaf (“permission”).

it's better to ask forgiveness than permission

it's easier to ask forgiveness than to get permission

I used the "chmod" command to change the file's permission.

(computing) Flags or access control lists pertaining to a file that dictate who can access it, and how.


CASE

(computing, software) computer-aided software engineering.


ones' complement

ones' complement (plural ones' complements)

The ones' complement of 0xAAAA is 0x5555 on a 16-bit machine, and 0xFFFF5555 on a 32-bit machine.

(computing) The number obtained by subtracting a given n-digit binary number from 2ⁿ-1 (which yields the same result as the logical complement).

Computers that use ones' complement arithmetic have two representations for zero, all 0's and all 1's.

(computing) The convention by which bit patterns with high bit 0 represent positive numbers from 0 to 2ⁿ⁻¹-1 directly, while bit patterns with high bit 1 represent negative numbers from 0 to -(2ⁿ⁻¹-1), n being the word size of the machine, and the numeric complement of a number is its ones' complement.


two's complement

two's complement (plural two's complements)

The two's complement of 0xAAAA is 0x5556 on a 16-bit machine, and 0xFFFF5556 on a 32-bit machine.

(computing) The number obtained by complementing every bit of a given number and adding one. A number and its complement add to 2ⁿ, where n is the word size of the machine.

Nearly all modern computers use two's complement for integer arithmetic.

(computing) The convention by which bit patterns with high bit 0 represent positive numbers from 0 to 2ⁿ⁻¹-1 directly, while bit patterns with high bit 1 represent negative numbers from −1 to -2ⁿ⁻¹, n being the word size of the machine, and the numeric complement of a number is its two's complement.


logical complement

logical complement (plural logical complements)

The logical complement of 0xAAAA is 0x5555 on a 16-bit machine, and 0xFFFF5555 on a 32-bit machine.

(computing) The number, obtained by complementing every bit of a given number, which produces all ones when exclusive ored with the given number.


numeric complement

numeric complement (plural numeric complements)

The numeric complement of -123 is 123.

(computing) The number obtained by changing the numeric sign of a number. This may or may not be the twos complement, depending on the way numbers are stored.

vastaluku

math: number obtained by changing the numeric sign


signed magnitude

The IEEE standard for floating point uses signed magnitude for the mantissa.

(computing) The convention by which one bit in the representation of a number indicates the numeric sign, while the rest indicate the magnitude.


negative zero

negative zero (countable and uncountable, plural negative zeros or negative zeroes)

negative zeros (plural)
negative zeroes (plural)

One must take care in handling negative zero in comparisons.

(computing) A signed magnitude representation of zero in which the sign bit indicates a negative number.


positive zero

positive zero (countable and uncountable, plural positive zeros or positive zeroes)

positive zeros (plural)
positive zeroes (plural)

When not otherwise noted, "zero" will mean "positive zero" here.

(computing) A signed magnitude representation of zero in which the sign bit indicates a positive number.


sign bit

(computing) The bit in the representation of a number indicating whether it is negative or positive; applicable to both twos complement and signed magnitude representations.


character encoding

character encoding (plural character encodings)

(computing) A well-defined correspondence between text characters and the numeric values used to represent them.

编码

well-defined correspondence between text characters and numeric values


interface

→ Armenian: միջերես (miǰeres) (calque)

→ Japanese: インターフェース (intāfēsu)

→ Korean: 인터페이스 (inteopeiseu)

desctree

→ Russian: интерфе́йс (interféjs)
→ Kazakh: интерфейс (interfeis)

→ Turkish: ayarüz (calque)

From inter- (“between”) + face (“shape, figure, form”).

تَعْشِيق

point of interconnection between entities

interfaze

computing, object-oriented: connection between parts of software

The data is sent over the air interface to the remote system.

(computing) The point of interconnection between systems or subsystems.

koppelvlak

computing: point of interconnection between systems or subsystems

The options are selected via the user interface.

(computing) The connection between a user and a machine.

միջերես

computing: connection between a user and a machine


stable

en-adj

stable (comparative stabler or more stable, superlative stablest or most stable)

stabler (comparative)
more stable (comparative)
stablest (superlative)
most stable (superlative)

From Middle English stable, from Anglo-Norman stable, stabel, from Latin stabilis (“firm, steadfast”) (itself from stare (“stand”) + -abilis (“able”)). Displaced native Old English staþolfæst.

You should download the 1.9 version of that video editing software: it is the latest stable version. The newer beta version has some bugs.

(computing) Of software: established to be relatively free of bugs, as opposed to a beta version.

(computer science, of a sorting algorithm) That maintains the relative order of items that compare as equal.


border

en-noun

border (countable and uncountable, plural borders)

Inherited from Middle English bordure, from Old French bordeure, of Germanic origin, from Frankish *bord, equivalent to modern French bord (“a border”) + -er.
Akin to Middle High German borte (“border, trim”), German Borte (“ribbon, trimming”). Doublet of bordure. More at board.
Further cognate to English board, Old Norse barð (“edge”), Swedish bård (“edge”), also English beard, German Bart (“beard”) (edge of the face) etc.

cog

(computing) A string that is both a prefix and a suffix of another particular string.


fault

From Middle English faute, faulte, from Anglo-Norman faute, Old French faute, from Vulgar Latin *fallita (“shortcoming”), feminine of *fallitus, in place of Latin falsus, perfect passive participle of fallō (“deceive”). Displaced native Middle English schuld, schuild (“fault”) (from Old English scyld (“fault”)), Middle English lac (“fault, lack”) (from Middle Dutch lak (“lack, fault”)), Middle English last (“fault, vice”) (from Old Norse lǫstr (“fault, vice, crime”)). Compare French faute (“fault, foul”), Portuguese falta (“lack, shortage”) and Spanish falta (“lack, absence”). More at fail, false.

(programming) An exception within a software program or process.


fault

en-verb

fault (third-person singular simple present faults, present participle faulting, simple past and past participle faulted)

faults (present singular third-person)
faulting (participle present)
faulted (participle past)
faulted (past)

When a page is read in, a few pages surrounding the faulted page are typically loaded as well in the same I/O operation in an effort to head off future page faults.

2002, Æleen Frisch, Essential system administration:

(intransitive, computing) To undergo a page fault.


hyper-

From Ancient Greek ὑπέρ (hupér, “over”), from Proto-Indo-European *upér (“over, above”) (English over), from *upo (“under, below”) (whence English up). Doublet of over-, super-, and sur-.

der

hyper- → hypertext

Used to create forms that are found beyond the root.


terminator

[ˈtɜː.mɪ.næɪ.ɾə]

* Partly from post-classical Latin terminator (5th century), from Latin terminō; partly from terminate + -or.
* (android that kills humans): After the 1984 film The Terminator.

(computing) A text character or string that serves to mark the end of a document or transmission.


blinker

нагла́зник m usually plural: нагла́зники

The following for example, doesn't work because the spark at the top is actually a blinker, and doesn't die. Without the blinker, this object is known as an OWSS (overweight spaceship).

1992 August 13, David Bell, “Spaceships in Conway's Life (Part 1)”, in comp.theory.cell-automata (Usenet):

3 live cells together can yield either a blinker or a block, so these will be the most common objects formed "out of the void".

1994 May 13, Louis Howell, “Louis Howell's question of block clearing in life (simple solution)”, in comp.theory.cell-automata (Usenet):

As Hickerson points out, a glider aimed at a faraway blinker or preblock has only 8 cells, but can be arranged to run as long as you want.

2008 January 8, Dave Greene, “Evolutionary factor in Conway's life”, in comp.theory.cell-automata (Usenet):

(cellular automata) In Conway's Game of Life, an arrangement of three cells in a row that switches between horizontal and vertical orientations in each generation.


safe mode

(computing) A troubleshooting mode of many operating systems in which most advanced functions are not activated.


nagware

(computing, slang) Software that displays a message requesting that the user register it.


shareware

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-shareware.wav

From share + -ware; popularized by Bob Wallace

(software) A type of software that is distributed without payment but is limited in any combination of functionality, availability, or convenience.


speculation

en-noun

speculation (countable and uncountable, plural speculations)

Etymology tree
Middle English speculation
English speculation
From Middle English speculacioun, speculation, from Old French speculation (compare French spéculation), from Late Latin speculātiō, speculātiōnem, from Latin speculor.
Morphologically speculate + -ion

etymon

Creating a work with the hope of selling it

(programming) The process of anticipating which branch of code will be chosen and executing it in advance.


dip

(computer graphics) Initialism of device-independent pixel.


lower

en-verb

lower (third-person singular simple present lowers, present participle lowering, simple past and past participle lowered)

lowers (present singular third-person)
lowering (participle present)
lowered (participle past)
lowered (past)

(computing, transitive) To reduce operations to single machine instructions, as part of compilation of a program.


RSVP

Resource Reservation Protocol
w:Resource reservation protocol

(computing) Initialism of Resource Reservation Protocol.


administrate

administrate (third-person singular simple present administrates, present participle administrating, simple past and past participle administrated)

administrates (present singular third-person)
administrating (participle present)
administrated (participle past)
administrated (past)

* archaic: Latin administrātus, past participle of administrō.
* modern: Back-formation from administration (from Latin administrātiō, also from administrō)
(The exact etymology is disputed, see note below.)

The job is to administrate the network.

(computing) the act or function of providing maintenance and general housekeeping for computer systems, networks, peripheral equipment, etc.


cone

From Middle English cone (“corner, angle”) and conoun (“cone”), from Medieval Latin cōnus, cōnon (“cone, wedge, peak”), from Ancient Greek κῶνος (kônos, “cone, spinning top, pine cone”). Reinforced by Middle French cone, from the same Graeco-Latin source.

der

A cone is an object (the apex) and a natural transformation from a constant functor (whose image is the apex of the cone and its identity morphism) to a diagram functor. Its components are projections from the apex to the objects of the diagram and it has a “naturality triangle” for each morphism in the diagram. (A “naturality triangle” is just a naturality square which is degenerate at its apex side.)

(category theory) An object V together with an arrow going from V to each object of a diagram such that for any arrow A in the diagram, the pair of arrows from V which subtend A also commute with it. (Then V can be said to be the cone’s vertex and the diagram which the cone subtends can be said to be its base.)

recursively enumerable
recursively enumerable

(computing theory) A set of formal languages with certain desirable closure properties, in particular those of the regular languages, the context-free languages and the recursively enumerable languages.


MDC

(computing) Initialism of mapped diagnostic context.

multiple description coding
w:multiple description coding

(computing) Initialism of multiple description coding.

modification detection code
w:Modification Detection Code

(cryptography) Initialism of modification detection code.


PDF

en-noun

PDF (countable and uncountable, plural PDFs)

Translingual: .pdf

DjVu was developed at AT&T Research by Yan LeCun et al... It generates files that are smaller than PDF files... PDF primarily encodes graphics and text as vectorized data, whereas DjVu primarily encodes them as pixmap images.

2021, Alexander Thomasian, Storage Systems..., §2.13.7

(computing) Initialism of Portable Document Format, a standard for representing electronic documents, allowing them to be transmitted and reproduced accurately with the same printed layout.

Portable Document Format

(computing) Initialism of portable document format (“document in PDF format”).


miss

Verb from Middle English missen, from Old English missan (“to miss, escape the notice of a person”), from Proto-West Germanic *missijan, from Proto-Germanic *missijaną (“to miss, go wrong, fail”), from Proto-Indo-European *meyth₂- (“to change, exchange, trade”). Cognate with West Frisian misse (“to miss”), Dutch missen (“to miss”), German missen (“to miss”), Norwegian Bokmål and Danish miste (“to lose”), Swedish missa (“to miss”), Norwegian Nynorsk and Icelandic missa (“to lose”).
Noun from Middle English misse, mis, from Old English miss (“loss, absence”), from Proto-West Germanic *miss, from Proto-Germanic *miss- (“loss”). Cognate with Scots miss (“a loss, want, cause of grief or mourning”), Middle High German misse, mis (“lack, missing, absence”), Icelandic missir (“loss”). Related also to Scots mis (“wrongdoing, sin, guilt”), Dutch mis (“misdeed, wrongdoing, mistake”), Middle Low German misse (“sin, wrong”).

cog

Already we're seeing fewer cache misses by avoiding creating cache entries for the idle task and expect to see even fewer with changes to the TLB reload code to uncache the page tables.

1999, Proceedings of the Third Symposium on Operating Systems:

(computing) The situation where an item is not found in a cache and therefore needs to be explicitly loaded.


software architect

en-noun

software architect (plural software architects)

(computing) An architect (not to be confused with a designer) of software based on technology, who prepares plans and superintends construction of that software.


unfreeze

en-verb

unfreeze (third-person singular simple present unfreezes, present participle unfreezing, simple past unfroze, past participle unfrozen)

unfreezes (present singular third-person)
unfreezing (participle present)
unfroze (past)
unfrozen (participle past)

(transitive, computing) To release from a previously locked or frozen state.


maximize

maximize (third-person singular simple present maximizes, present participle maximizing, simple past and past participle maximized)

maximizes (present singular third-person)
maximizing (participle present)
maximized (participle past)
maximized (past)

Since I only have one window open, I maximized the window so that the desktop is not visible.

(computing, graphical user interface) To expand (a window) to fill the main display area.

առավելացնել

to expand (a window) to fill the main display area (computing)


yield

yield (third-person singular simple present yields, present participle yielding, simple past yielded or (obsolete) yold, past participle yielded or (obsolete) yolden)

yields (present singular third-person)
yielding (participle present)
yielded (past)
yold (obsolete past)
yielded (participle past)
yolden (obsolete participle past)

Verb from Middle English yielden, yelden, ȝelden (“to yield, pay”), from Old English ġieldan (“to pay”), from Proto-West Germanic *geldan, from Proto-Germanic *geldaną (“to pay”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰeldʰ- (“to pay”).
Cognates
Cognate with Scots yield (“to yield”), North Frisian jilden (“to pay”), Saterland Frisian Saterland Frisian jäilde (“to be valid; matter; count; be worth”), West Frisian jilde (“to pay”), Low German Low German gellen, Dutch gelden (“to apply, count, be valued, be regarded”), German gelten (“to apply, count, be valued, be regarded”), Icelandic gjalda (“to pay, yield, give”), Danish gælde (“to apply, count, be valued, be regarded”), Norwegian Bokmål gjelde.
Noun from Middle English ȝeld, from Old English ġield, from Proto-West Germanic *geld, from Proto-Germanic *geldą (“reward, gift, money”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰeldʰ- (“to pay”).
Cognates
Compare West Frisian jild, Dutch geld, Low German and German Geld, Danish gæld, Swedish gäld, Icelandic gjald. See also geld.

inh

to end all resistance because of loss of hope

because of helplessness and extreme weakness

The system froze because the buggy program got into an infinite loop and didn't yield.

(computing, intransitive) Of a running process, to give control back to the operating system so that other processes can be allowed to run.


yield

en-noun

yield (countable and uncountable, plural yields)

(programming) The situation where a thread relinquishes the processor to allow other threads to execute.


modulus

Learned borrowing from Latin modulus. Doublet of module and mold.

(computing, programming) An operator placed between two numbers, to get the remainder of the division of those numbers.

moduuli

computing, programming: type of operator


transaction

Borrowed from Middle French transaction, from Old French transaccion, from Late Latin transactio.

database transaction
database transaction

(computing) An atomic operation; a message, data modification, or other procedure that is guaranteed to perform completely or not at all (e.g. a database transaction).


ubergeek

(computing, informal) A highly proficient geek.


idempotent

Latin roots, idem (“same”) + potent (“having power”) – literally, “having the same power”. Coined in 1870 by American mathematician Benjamin Peirce in the context of algebra.

A projection operator is idempotent.

(mathematics, computing) (said of a function) Such that, when performed multiple times on the same subject, it has no further effect on its subject after the first time it is performed.

冪等 /幂等

mathematics: an action which, when performed multiple time, has no further effect on its subject after the first time it is performed


database transaction

database transaction (plural database transactions)

Technically, a database transaction is sequence of operations that is treated as a single unit (an atomic unit). All of the operations in a transaction have to be completed before the database changes are made permanent.

2007, Ian Sommerville, Software Engineering, Pearson Education, →ISBN, page 298:

database management system
database management system

(databases) A unit of interaction in a database management system.


database management system

database management system (plural database management systems)

(databases) A suite of interrelated computer programs designed to manage message processing and database update in a tightly controlled manner.


DBMS

database management system
database management system#English

(databases, software) Initialism of database management system.


query

An anglicisation of quere, an obsolete variant form of Latin quaere, second-person singular present active imperative of quaerō (“seek, look for; ask”). Cognate with French quérir, Italian chiedere, Portuguese querer, Romanian cere, and Spanish querer. Compare question.

The database admin switched on query logging for debugging purposes.

(computing, databases) A set of instructions passed to a database.

اِسْتِعْلام

computing: set of instructions passed to a database


query

en-verb

query (third-person singular simple present queries, present participle querying, simple past and past participle queried)

queries (present singular third-person)
querying (participle present)
queried (participle past)
queried (past)

Linked tables can be accessed, queried, combined and reorganised much more flexibly and in a number of ways that may not be immediately predictable when the database is under construction.

1999, Luciano Floridi, Philosophy and computing: an introduction, page 104:

(computing, databases) To pass a set of instructions to a database to retrieve information from it.


quorum

From Latin quōrum, genitive plural form of quī (“who, which”), used as standard wording in written commissions.

نِصَاب

minimum number present for official business

päätösvaltaisuus (päätösvaltainen as an adjective is more common)

határozatképesség (more commonly expressed with the adjective határozatképes)

(computing, distributed systems) The minimum number of votes that a distributed transaction has to obtain in order to be allowed to perform an operation in a distributed system.


declare

declare (third-person singular simple present declares, present participle declaring, simple past and past participle declared)

declares (present singular third-person)
declaring (participle present)
declared (participle past)
declared (past)
declare (infinitive)

From Middle English declaren, from Old French declarer, from Latin dēclārō (“to make clear”), from dē- + clārus (“clear”).

декларирам

to make outstanding debts, e.g. taxes, payable.

The counter "i" was declared as an integer.

(transitive, programming) To explicitly establish the existence of (a variable, function, etc.) without necessarily describing its content.


PEBCAK

Acronym of problem exists between chair and keyboard.

acronym

Miraculously, all of a sudden, the client's network began behaving beautifully! Before, PEBCAKs were causing a technician to need to visit their company every day, and now—after a simple deployment of basic policies—the client was ecstatic. […] Ask your IT professionals, "What percentage of your time, on a daily basis, do you spend solving PEBCAK issues?" Don't be surprised if you hear answers of 30% or more. Now, calculate how much money PEBCAKs are costing you in IT expense as well as lost productivity for the employees. Then deploy policies in a staged rollout to reduce this costly expense.

2007, Mike Foster, “Domain Policies”, in The Secure CEO: How to Protect Your Computer Systems, Your Company, and Your Job, Wichita, Kan.: Prime Concepts Group Publishing, →ISBN, page 150:

In the tech support world, there's an old joke about "PEBCAK," or Problem Exists Between the Chair and Keyboard. Cybersecurity really is all about people and incentives. There are plenty of important technical fixes and new tools to adopt, but if organizations and individuals aren't willing to invest in securing themselves, then they will remain insecure.

2014 July 2, Peter W[arren] Singer, Allan Friedman, “The 5 Biggest Cybersecurity Myths, Debunked”, in Wired, archived from the original on 2014-07-02:

How can I make my PC completely secure from any type of virus and hacking? Juzer You can’t, because of the old computer industry phenomenon known as PEBCAK, or "Problem exists between chair and keyboard". A lot of hacks depend on "social engineering," which means manipulating people into handing over their passwords or other details. […] Linux and Mac OS X are more secure than Windows, but PEBCAK is a problem with every operating system.

2015 January 15, Jack Schofield, “Ask Jack: How Can I Make My PC Completely Secure?”, in The Guardian, London, archived from the original on 2018-07-26:

There is no way to stop every single cyber-attack. That said, for many attacks, PEBCAK is the answer. Unfamiliar with this approach? It's an oldie but goodie that anyone in IT will recognize, the letters forming an acronym that neatly states why countless attacks are successful. PEBCAK stands for Problem Exists Between Chair and Keyboard. While it is true that cyber-threats abound, the only way to contain the pandemic and meaningfully push back is if everybody does what they are supposed to do.

2017 August 19, Adam [K.] Levin, “5 Cyber-security Myths We Need to Ditch”, in HuffPost, archived from the original on 2017-10-09:

The user asked if she could access the appropriate help desk ASAP, but Ben's colleague "simply said 'No' and hung up." And that, says Ben, "was the first time I ever saw a ticket closed with the cause code PEBCAK". Which for those of you with bad memories for acronyms stands for "Problem Exists Between Chair And Keyboard". Ben told us this was "certainly not the last" time his help desk applied code PEBCAK.

2017 November 17, Simon Sharwood, “Help Desk Declared Code PEBCAK and therefore Refused to Help!: Problem Existed between Chair and Keyboard”, in The Register, archived from the original on 2018-07-03:

technical support
technical support#English

(computing, humorous, also attributively) Chiefly used by technical support helpdesk staff: a problem experienced with a user's computer that is due to user error.

fejl 40

ongelma sijaitsee näppäimistön ja tuolin välissä

a probléma a szék és a billentyűzet között van

PEBCAC

problem exists between chair and computer

PEBKAC

problem exists between keyboard and chair

PEBKAM

problem exists between keyboard and monitor

PEBKAS

problem exists between keyboard and seat

PEBMAC

problem exists between monitor and chair


chunk

Variant of chuck; or alternatively a diminutive of chump (“chunk; block”) + *-k (diminutive suffix) (compare hunk from hump, etc.).

The first DWORD of a chunk data in the RIFF chunk is a four character code value identifying the form type of the file.

1994, Paul J Perry, Multimedia developer's guide:

(computing) A discrete segment of a file, stream, etc. (especially one that represents audiovisual media); a block.


starvation

en-noun

starvation (countable and uncountable, plural starvations)

Whenever multiple threads compete for a scarce resource, there is the danger of starvation, a situation in which the thread never gets the resource.

2004, Scott Oaks, Henry Wong, Java Threads, O'Reilly Media, →ISBN, page 138:

(computer science) A state where a process is perpetually denied necessary resources to process its work.


classifier

(computing) A program or algorithm that classifies.

classifieur

computing: a program or algorithm that classifies


blur

en-verb

blur (third-person singular simple present blurs, present participle blurring, simple past and past participle blurred)

blurs (present singular third-person)
blurring (participle present)
blurred (participle past)
blurred (past)

From earlier blurre, probably an alteration of blear, from Middle English bleren, from Old English *blerian (attested in āblered (“made bare, made bald”)), from Proto-West Germanic *blaʀjan, from Proto-Germanic *blazjaną (“to make pale”), from Proto-Germanic *blasaz (“pale”). Compare Scots blore, bloar (“to blur, cover with blots”), Low German bleeroged (“blear-eyed”). More at blear.

inh

Then give this box focus to blur the first one: […]

2003, John Pollock, JavaScript: A Beginner's Guide, Second Edition, page 175:

These form elements need to have an onFocus event handler to blur the current focus.

2001, Martin Webb, Michel Plungjan, Keith Drakard, Instant JavaScript, page 678:

Blurring one window and focusing on another window yields the same result of sending the window to the back of the pile.

2007, Danny Goodman, JavaScript Bible, page 273:

A manual way to blur a text object is to press the Tab key, which advances focus to the next field in order and removes it from the current field (blurring it).

2010, Chuck Easttom, Advanced JavaScript, page 329:

(graphical user interface, transitive) To transfer the input focus away from.


commit

en-verb

commit (third-person singular simple present commits, present participle committing, simple past and past participle committed)

commits (present singular third-person)
committing (participle present)
committed (participle past)
committed (past)

→ German: committen

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Mélange a trois-commit.wav

Borrowed from Latin committō (“to bring together, join, compare, commit (a wrong), incur, give in charge, etc.”), from com- (“together”) + mittō (“to send”). See mission.

bor

When all SQL statements in the transaction are executed successfully, the transaction is committed and all the work that the SQL statements performed is made a permanent part of the database.

2005, Thearon Willis, Beginning Visual Basic 2005 Databases, John Wiley & Sons, →ISBN, page 343:

We can commit all unstaged files with one command: […]

2014, Wlodzimierz Gajda, Git Recipes: A Problem-Solution Approach, Apress, →ISBN, page 86:

(transitive, computing, databases) To make a set of changes permanent.

(Programm-)Änderungen als dauerhaft erklären

(transitive, programming) To integrate new revisions into the public or master version of a file in a version control system.

tallettaa

integrate new revisions into the public version of a file

(Programmänderung in die offizielle Programmversion) einbauen


commit

→ German: Commit

→ Russian: комми́т (kommít)

To support locking and process synchronization independently of transaction commits, the server provides semaphore objects[…]

1988, Klaus R Dittrich, Advances in Object-Oriented Database Systems: 2nd International Workshop:

Every Git commit represents a single, atomic changeset with respect to the previous state.

2009, Jon Loeliger, Version Control with Git:

(computing, databases) The act of committing (e.g. a database transaction), making it a permanent change; such a change.

vahvistus

(computing) act of committing, making a permanent change

(programming) The submission of source code or other material to a source control repository.


instruction

en-noun

instruction (countable and uncountable, plural instructions)

From Middle English instruccioun, from Old French instruccion, from Latin instructio; equivalent to instruct + -ion.

(computing) A single operation of a processor defined by an instruction set architecture.


redirect

en-verb

redirect (third-person singular simple present redirects, present participle redirecting, simple past and past participle redirected)

redirects (present singular third-person)
redirecting (participle present)
redirected (participle past)
redirected (past)

(computing, transitive) To substitute an address or pointer to a new location.

преадресирам

You will be redirected shortly.

(computing) To send to a new location by substituting an address or pointer.


redirect

(computing) The substitution of one address or identifier for another one, so as to navigate to a different location.

redirecció

substitution of an address for another one


refer

refer (third-person singular simple present refers, present participle referring, simple past and past participle referred)

refers (present singular third-person)
referring (participle present)
referred (participle past)
referred (past)

From Middle English referren, from Old French referer, from Latin referre. The noun (used in journalism) is from the verb.

In C, the pointer obtained by &a refers to the variable a.

Hence, the precise number of bytes to which the pointer refers to is not known. The compiler must know the number of bytes to which a pointer refers to in order to apply dereference operation

2010 September 21, Ajay Mittal, Programming In C: A Practical Approach, Pearson Education India, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 201:

(intransitive, programming) To point to either a specific location in computer memory or to a specific object. [with to]


external

en-adj

external (comparative more external, superlative most external)

more external (comparative)
most external (superlative)

From Late Middle English, from Medieval Latin externus (“outward, external”), from exter/exterus (“on the outside, outward”).

der

(computing, of a hardware) Not contained in the main computer.

(computing, of storage) Using a disk or tape drive rather than the main memory.


external

(programming, in the C language) A variable that is defined in the source code but whose value comes from some external source.


canonical

en-adj

canonical (comparative more canonical, superlative most canonical)

more canonical (comparative)
most canonical (superlative)

(mathematics, computing) In canonical form.


mangle

en-verb

mangle (third-person singular simple present mangles, present participle mangling, simple past and past participle mangled)

mangles (present singular third-person)
mangling (participle present)
mangled (participle past)
mangled (past)

From Middle English mangelen, manglen, from Anglo-Norman mangler, mahangler, frequentative of either Old French mangonner (“to cut to pieces”) or mahaigner (“to mutilate”), of Germanic origin, for which see mayhem.
Alternate etymology derives mangle from Middle English *mankelen, a frequentative form of manken (“to mutilate”), from Old English *mancian, bemancian (“to maim”). More at mank.

der

(transitive, computing) To modify (an identifier from source code) so as to produce a unique identifier for internal use by the compiler, etc.


tourist

→ Albanian: turist

→ Armenian: տուրիստ (turist)

→ Asturian: turista

→ Azerbaijani: turist

→ Belarusian: турыст (turyst)

→ Catalan: turista

→ Czech: turista

→ Danish: turist

→ Dutch: toerist

→ Estonian: turist

→ Finnish: turisti

desctree

→ French: touriste
→ Persian: توریست (turist)
→ Italian: turista
→ Afar: tuurísti
→ Cimbrian: turist
→ Mòcheno: turist
→ Norman: touriste
→ Romanian: turist
→ Turkish: turist

→ Galician: turista

→ Georgian: ტურისტი (ṭurisṭi)

→ German: Tourist

→ Greek: τουρίστας (tourístas)

desc

→ Hindi: टूरिस्ट (ṭūrisṭ)

→ Hindi: टूरिस्ट (ṭūrisṭ)

→ Hungarian: turista

→ Indonesian: turis

→ Japanese: ツーリスト (tsūrisuto)

→ Kazakh: турист (turist)

→ Kyrgyz: турист (turist)

→ Latvian: tūrists

→ Lithuanian: turistas

→ Macedonian: турист (turist)

desctree

→ Norwegian: turist
→ Northern Sami: turista, durista

→ Occitan: torista

→ Polish: turysta

→ Portuguese: turista

→ Russian: турист (turist)

→ Serbo-Croatian: turist / турист

→ Slovak: turista

→ Slovene: turist

→ Spanish: turista
→ English: turista

→ Swedish: turist

→ Tagalog: turista

→ Turkmen: turist

→ Ukrainian: турист (turyst)

→ Uzbek: turist

→ Welsh: twrist

→ Yiddish: טוריסט (turist)

This popularity was supposedly due to M.I.T.'s tolerance of "tourists" on its system.

1984, Dean Gengle, The Netweaver's Sourcebook, page 105:

The online tourists then uploaded the files to share with other BBS aficionados.

2012, Michael Banks, On the Way to the Web:

(computing, dated) A guest user on a computer system.


horizon

Inherited from Middle English orisonte, orisoun, from Middle French horizon, horizonte, from Old French orisonte, orison, via Latin horizōn, from Ancient Greek ὁρίζων (horízōn), from ὅρος (hóros, “boundary”).

(computer chess) The point at which a computer chess algorithm stops searching for further moves.


portable

en-adj

portable (comparative more portable, superlative most portable)

more portable (comparative)
most portable (superlative)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-portable.wav

[ˈpʰɔɹɾɪ̈bl̩]

Borrowed from Middle French portable, or from Latin portabilis.

How do Java and C# create cross-platform, portable programs, and why can't C++ do the same?

2012, Herbert Schildt, C++: A Beginner's Guide, Second Edition, page 6:

(computing) Of software: able to be run on multiple hardware or operating systems.

Starting with release 1.7, a portable version allows all Host Attachment Kit commands to be run without installing the Host Attachment Kit.

2014, Bertrand Dufrasne, Bruce Allworth, Desire Brival, IBM XIV Storage System: Host Attachment and Interoperability, page 10:

(computing) Of a program: able to be copied directly from one machine to another without the use of an installer.


portable

[ˈpʰɔɹɾɪ̈bl̩]

siirrettävä rakennus

temporary building that is portable, especially one located at a school

A few portables, particularly the small laphelds, go one step further and come with software built into the computer.

1985, New Accountant, volumes 1-3, page lxvii:

Compaq portables have grown lighter and more powerful since then. Their newest luggable, the Compaq Portable III, is six times more powerful and 10 pounds lighter than the original model.

1987, InfoWorld, volume 9, number 20, page 71:

portable computer
portable computer#English

(computing) Clipping of portable computer.


fond

From French, ultimately from Latin fundus. Doublet of fund and fundus.

To denote archival material collected from Ukrainian archives I have used the Ukrainian system of classification (i.e. fond, opys, sprava and arkush). I have used the Russian system for material from Russian archives (i.e. fond, opis, delo, stranitsa). I have also provided a glossary of terms used for Ukrainian, Russian or Polish terms at the back of the thesis for easy reference.

1999, Graham Kee Lee Tan, Village social organisation and peasant action: Right-bank Ukraine during the revolution 1917–1923 (doctoral dissertation), London: University College London School of Slavonic and East European Studies, Preface & Acknowledgements, page 3:

(information science) A group of records having shared provenance.


CVS

software engineering
software engineering

Concurrent Versions System
w:Concurrent Versions System

(software engineering) Initialism of Concurrent Versions System (a utility that assists in tracking changes to source code, etc.)


version

en-noun

version (countable and uncountable, plural versions)

From Middle French version, from Medieval Latin versiō, from Latin vertō (“I turn”). Used in English since 16th century.

Upgrade to the latest version for new features and bug fixes.

(computing) A particular revision (of software, firmware, CPU, etc.).


version

en-verb

version (third-person singular simple present versions, present participle versioning, simple past and past participle versioned)

versions (present singular third-person)
versioning (participle present)
versioned (participle past)
versioned (past)

(transitive, computing) To keep track of (a file, document, etc.) in a versioning system.


container

→ Danish: container

→ Dutch: container

→ French: container

→ German: Container

→ Greek: κοντέινερ (kontéiner)

→ Japanese: コンテナ

→ Korean: 컨테이너 (keonteineo)

desc

→ Norwegian Bokmål: container, konteiner

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: container, konteinar

→ Brazilian Portuguese: contêiner, container

→ Russian: контейнер (kontejner)

→ Spanish: container

→ Swahili: kontena

→ Swedish: container

From Middle English conteyner, equivalent to contain + -er.

As the MP4 container can store audio, video, or both, the M4A naming and file extension is used to hint that this MP4 container holds solely audio information.

2011, Cory Altheide, Harlan Carvey, Digital Forensics with Open Source Tools, page 187:

(file format) A file format that can hold various types of data.

This advantage is the primary incentive for using a list container, rather than a vector or a deque.

2015, Ivor Horton, Using the C++ Standard Template Libraries, Apress, →ISBN, page 64:

object-oriented programming
object-oriented programming

(object-oriented programming) An abstract data type whose instances are collections of other objects.

Flex automatically creates a TabBar container at the top of the TabNavigator container, with a tab corresponding to each child container. Each tab can have its own label and icon.

2007, Rich Tretola, Simon Barber, Renaun Erickson, Professional Adobe Flex 2, John Wiley & Sons, →ISBN, page 62:

(graphical user interface) Any user interface component that can hold further (child) components.

(Java programming language) A web container.

Generally, when people think of serverless computing, they tend to think of applications with back-ends that run on third-party services, also described as code running on ephemeral containers.

2017, Maddie Stigler, Beginning Serverless Computing, Apress, →ISBN, page 1:

The application components all run in containers. They are isolated like VMs but lightweight and efficient like PaaS services.

2020, Elton Stoneman, chapter 1, in Learn Docker in a Month of Lunches, →ISBN:

(cloud computing) A bundle consisting of operating system, application code and dependencies to be run sandboxed inside a virtualized environment; (by extension) the environment itself.


LP

en-noun

LP (countable and uncountable, plural LPs)

literate programming
literate programming#English

(programming) Initialism of literate programming.


static memory allocation

static memory allocation (countable and uncountable, plural static memory allocations)

(computing) The process of allocating fixed memory at compile time.


cartridge

/ˈkɑɹtɹɪd͡ʒ/

Corruption of earlier cartage, from French cartouche, from Italian cartoccio (“roll of paper”), from Medieval Latin carta (“paper”). Doublet of cartouche.

Cartridge (firearms)
Magnetic tape data storage
cartridge

(computing) A vessel which contains the ink or toner for a computer printer and can be easily replaced with another.

fishek

vessel which contains the ink for a computer printer

The program generates a catalogue of the files on the cartridge selected by the user, reads the catalogue into memory and erases the cartridge copy, so that an up-to-date copy is always generated.

1983, “Helpline”, in Sinclair User, number 21:

(computing) Magnetic tape storage, used for storing (backup) copies of data.

We would like to see someone market a low-power, text-to-speech cartridge that would mate with the Epson and use its internal battery pack.

Nintendo made sure to loudly trumpet all of the advantages of the cartridge format, particularly the greatly reduced loading times and the sturdiness of the cartridges[…]

Not as good, though, as the PolyStation. Looks like a first-generation PlayStation in a Nitendo 64 box. And even though that bit on top looks like it should take a disc, it actually uses something like a Super Nintendo cartridge.

2015 June 24, “Top 10 Chinese Knockoffs of Foreign Products” (00:01:54 from the start), in China Uncensored, spoken by himself (Chris Chappell), New Tang Dynasty Television, via New Tang Dynasty Television:

(computing) A removable enclosure containing read-only memory devices, used for rapid loading of software onto a home computer or video game console.

kasedo

enclosure containung read-only memory devices


peercast

en-verb

peercast (third-person singular simple present peercasts, present participle peercasting, simple past and past participle peercasted or peercast)

peercasts (present singular third-person)
peercasting (participle present)
peercasted (participle past)
peercasted (past)
peercast (participle past)
peercast (past)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-peercast.wav

(computing) To transmit streaming media via a peer-to-peer network.


forge

From Middle English forge, from Old French forge, early Old French faverge, from Latin fabrica (“workshop”), from faber (“workman in hard materials, smith”) (genitive fabri). Cognate with Franco-Provençal favèrge. Doublet of fabric.

non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger

If the project uses a forge like GitLab, GitHub, or BitBucket, it can be very easy to search all past commit logs […]

2018, V. M. Brasseur, Forge Your Future with Open Source:

(computing) A Web-based collaborative platform for developing and sharing software.


hygiene

en-noun

hygiene (countable and uncountable, plural hygienes)

From French hygiène, from Ancient Greek ὑγιεινή (τέχνη) (hugieinḗ (tékhnē), literally “art of health”), from ὑγιεινός (hugieinós, “of health, good for the health, wholesome, sound, healthy”), from ὑγιής (hugiḗs, “healthy, sound”).

der

ὑγιεινή (τέχνη)

(computing, slang, of a macro) The property of having an expansion that is guaranteed not to cause the accidental capture of identifiers.


firmware

→ Amharic: ፈርምዌር (färməwer)

→ German: Firmware

→ Spanish: firmware

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-firmware.wav

From firm + -ware, coined in a 1967 article as an intermediary term between hardware and software.

(computing) Something in between hardware and software. Like software, it is created from source code, but it is closely tied to the hardware it runs on.


subset

en-verb

subset (third-person singular simple present subsets, present participle subsetting, simple past and past participle subsetted)

subsets (present singular third-person)
subsetting (participle present)
subsetted (participle past)
subsetted (past)

(transitive, computing, typography) To extract only the portions of (a font) that are needed to display a particular document.


floating-point number

en-noun

floating-point number (plural floating-point numbers)

(computing) A real number held as a pair of integers, one representing the mantissa and the other representing the exponent. The base is normally 10, 16 or 256 depending on the computing system.

浮点数

computing: real number held as a pair of integers, representing the mantissa and the exponent

浮動小数点数

ふどうしょうすうてんすう


mutant

From Latin mūtāns, present participle of mūtō. By surface analysis, muta- + -ant.


admin

admin (countable and uncountable, plural admins)

Clipping of administrator or administration.

Our admin has upgraded the server in our office, so we can exchange files faster.

(countable, informal, computing) A systems administrator (one who maintains a computer system or network).


admin

en-verb

admin (third-person singular simple present admins, present participle admining or adminning, simple past and past participle admined or adminned)

admins (present singular third-person)
admining (participle present)
adminning (participle present)
admined (participle past)
admined (past)
adminned (participle past)
adminned (past)

(transitive, computing, informal) To serve as an administrator for or of.


rollback

en-noun

rollback (countable and uncountable, plural rollbacks)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-rollback.wav

The noun is a deverbal from roll back. The verb is a back-formation from the noun despite being redundant to roll back.

(databases) An operation which returns a database, or group of records in a database, to a previous state (normally to the previous commit point).

回滾 /回滚

(computing) operation to return the database to the previous commit point


rollback

en-verb

rollback (third-person singular simple present rollbacks, present participle rollbacking, simple past and past participle rollbacked)

rollbacks (present singular third-person)
rollbacking (participle present)
rollbacked (participle past)
rollbacked (past)

The server is unstable, we need to rollback the changes.

(transitive, computing, databases) To return to the previous state.


commit point

(databases) In a DBMS, a point in time at which all updates to a database, or group of records in a database, are guaranteed to have been written to disk, and the journal or log records of that action have also been so committed. Future updates may be undone to that point if necessary.


align

align (third-person singular simple present aligns, present participle aligning, simple past and past participle aligned)

aligns (present singular third-person)
aligning (participle present)
aligned (participle past)
aligned (past)

From Middle English alynen, alinen (“copulate”), from Middle French aligner, from Old French alignier, from a- + lignier, from Latin lineare (“make straight or perpendicular”), from the noun linea (“line”), from līneus (“flaxen; flaxen [thing]”), from līnum (“flax”), likely ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *līnom (compare linen).

der

(transitive, computing) To store (data) in a way that is consistent with the memory architecture, i.e. by beginning each item at an offset equal to some multiple of the word size.

對齊 /对齐

to store data in a way that is consistent with the memory architecture

(transitive, bioinformatics) To organize a linear arrangement of DNA, RNA, or protein sequences which have regions of similarity.

(transitive, information science) To identify entities that refer to the same real-world object in different knowledge bases.

對齊 /对齐

to identify equivalent entities in different knowledge bases


artifact

Alteration of artefact, from Italian artefatto, from Latin arte (“by skill”) (ablative of ars (“art”)) + factum (“thing made”) (from facio (“to make, do”)).

This JPEG image has been so highly compressed that it has unsightly artifacts, making it unsuitable for the cover of our magazine.

The opacity in his chest radiograph turned out to be an artifact due to the film.

These hallucinations are compression artifacts, but—like the incorrect labels generated by the Xerox photocopier—they are plausible enough that identifying them requires comparing them against the originals, which in this case means either the Web or our own knowledge of the world.

2023 February 9, Ted Chiang, “ChatGPT Is a Blurry JPEG of the Web”, in The New Yorker:

en:perceptible distortion in image or AV file

(computing, radiology) A perceptible distortion that appears in an audio or video file or an image as a result of applying a lossy compression or other inexact processing algorithm or of physical interference in an acquisition process.

(software engineering) Ellipsis of build artifact.


vault

From Middle English vaute, vowte, from Old French volte (modern voûte), from Vulgar Latin *volta < *volvita or *volŭta, a regularization of Latin volūta (compare modern volute (“spire”)), the past participle of volvere (“roll, turn”). Cognate with Spanish vuelta (“turn”) and Portuguese volta ("turn"). Doublet of volute.

klenba

figuratively: anything resembling a vault

(computing) An encrypted digital archive.


folder

→ Brazilian Portuguese: folder, fôlder

→ Dutch: folder

→ Indonesian: folder

→ Japanese: フォルダ (foruda), フォルダー (forudā)

→ Polish: folder

→ Serbo-Croatian: folder

My essays are in the folder named "Schoolwork".

(computing) A virtual container in a computer's file system, in which files and other folders may be stored. The files and subfolders in a folder are usually related.


routine

en-noun

routine (countable and uncountable, plural routines)

Unadapted borrowing from French routine.

(computing) A set of instructions designed to perform a specific task; a subroutine.

rutiini

computing: set of instructions designed to perform a specific task


journal

From Middle English journal, from Anglo-Norman jurnal (“daily”), from Old French jornel (“day”) (French journal), from Latin diurnālis, from diurnus (“of the day”). Doublet of diurnal and the journal from French.

(computing) A chronological record of changes made to a database or other system; along with a backup or image copy that allows recovery after a failure or reinstatement to a previous time; a log.

loki

computing: chronological record of changes


vaccine

vaccine (countable and uncountable, plural vaccines)

The noun is probably partly:
* derived from vaccine (adjective) (see etymology 1); and
* borrowed from French vaccine (“cowpox (short for variole vaccine); vaccination against smallpox using material from cowpox”), vaccin (“cowpox material used for smallpox vaccination”), both noun uses of vaccin (adjective), from Latin vaccīnus (see etymology 1).
The verb is derived from the noun.
Cognates
* Italian vaccina
* Portuguese vacina
* Spanish vacuna

bor

(computing) A software program which protects computers against, or detects and neutralizes, computer viruses and other types of malware; an antivirus.


exponent

From Latin expōnēns, present participle of expōnō (“to expose; to exhibit, display, set out; to explain”), from ex- (“out, away”) + pōnō (“to lay, place, put”).

floating-point number
floating-point number

(computing) The part of a floating-point number that represents its exponent value.


UE

(software) Initialism of User Experience.


storage

en-noun

storage (usually uncountable, plural storages)

/ˈstɔː.ɹɪd͡ʒ/

/ˈstɔɹ.ɪd͡ʒ/

I′d recommend backing up these files to storage before reinstalling the operating system.

Secondary storages are used to store system programs (viz; operating system, assembler, interpreter, compiler and so on), data files, software packages and so on.

2007, Ramesh Bangia, Computer Fundamentals and Information Technology, India: Firewall Media, page 43:

(usually uncountable, computer hardware) Any computer device, including such as a disk, on which data is stored for a longer term than main memory.


upgrade

en-verb

upgrade (third-person singular simple present upgrades, present participle upgrading, simple past and past participle upgraded)

upgrades (present singular third-person)
upgrading (participle present)
upgraded (participle past)
upgraded (past)

She waited a long time to upgrade from Windows 10 to Windows 11, hoping the worst bugs would be worked out before she took the plunge.

She waited a long time to upgrade Windows, hoping the worst bugs would be worked out before she took the plunge.

(intransitive, transitive, computing) To replace a program with a later version of itself, a version having a higher version number or marketed under a more recent product name.

actualitzar

to replace a program with a later version of itself


destruct

destruct (third-person singular simple present destructs, present participle destructing, simple past and past participle destructed)

destructs (present singular third-person)
destructing (participle present)
destructed (participle past)
destructed (past)

(transitive, programming) To invoke the destructor of.


heartbeat

(computing) A periodic signal generated by hardware or software to indicate normal operation or to synchronize other parts of a system.


outline

outline (third-person singular simple present outlines, present participle outlining, simple past and past participle outlined)

outlines (present singular third-person)
outlining (participle present)
outlined (participle past)
outlined (past)

Coordinate term: inline

(transitive, software compilation) To optimize for size by replacing repeated code fragments with function calls.


production

en-noun

production (countable and uncountable, plural productions)

→ Japanese: プロダクション (purodakushon)

/pɹəˈdʌkʃən/

From Middle English produccioun, from Old French production, from Latin prōductiō, prōductiōnem (“a lengthening, prolonging”). See produce.

der

Each production is implemented with a function.

(computing) A rewrite rule specifying a symbol substitution that can be recursively performed to generate new symbol sequences. (More information on Wikipedia.)

production environment

live production database

(programming, uncountable) The environment where finished code runs, as opposed to staging or development.


cred

en-noun

cred (countable and uncountable, plural creds)

DCE programming: using login creds to auth server?

1998, Lou Langholtz, comp.soft-sys.dce (Usenet):

(computing, informal, usually in the plural) A credential.


downcast

downcast (countable and uncountable, plural downcasts)

From Middle English downcast (“misfortune”), adoun-cast (“destruction, overthrow”), from adoun (“downward”) + cast (“a throw, a cast”) (from Old Norse kast (“a throw”), from kasten (“to cast, throw”)), from Middle English casten adoun: see etymology 1. The English word is analysable as down- (prefix meaning ‘lower direction or position’) + cast (“act of throwing”, noun).

prefix

(countable, computing) A cast (“change of expression of a data type”) from supertype to subtype.


downcast

en-verb

downcast (third-person singular simple present downcasts, present participle downcasting, simple past and past participle downcast or downcasted)

downcasts (present singular third-person)
downcasting (participle present)
downcast (participle past)
downcast (past)
downcasted (participle past)
downcasted (past)

From Middle English doun-casten, *adoun-casten (“to cast or throw (something) downwards; to break down (something); to overcome (someone); to overturn (something)”), from down (“in a downward direction; (figurative) to destruction”), adoun (“downward”) + casten (“to throw (something), fling, hurl; to overcome (someone), defeat, overpower; [etc.]”): see etymology 1. The English word is analysable as down- (prefix meaning ‘lower direction or position’) + cast (“to throw”, verb).

prefix

(computing) To cast (“change the expression of”) (a data type) from supertype to subtype.

alityypiksi muuntaminen

to cast (a data type) from supertype to subtype


zone

→ Korean: 존 (jon)

→ Punjabi: ਜ਼ੋਨ (zon)

From Latin zōna, from Ancient Greek ζώνη (zṓnē, “girdle, belt”).

der

(networking) That collection of a domain's DNS resource records, the domain and its subdomains, that are not delegated to another authority.

зо́на

networking: that collection of a domain's DNS resource records that are not delegated to another authority

(networking, dated) A logical group of network devices on AppleTalk (an obsolete networking protocol).

zona

computing: logical group of network devices on AppleTalk

по́яс

religion: belt worn by priests in the Greek Orthodox church


signature

/ˈsɪɡnət͡ʃə(ɹ)/

/ˈsɪɡnɪt͡ʃə(ɹ)/

/ˈsɪɡnət͡ʃɚ/

/ˈsɪɡnɪt͡ʃɚ/

/ˈsɪɡnɪt͡ʃə(ɹ)/

Borrowed from Middle French signature, or from Medieval Latin signātūra, future active periphrastic of verb signāre (“to sign”) from signum (“sign”), + -tūra, feminine of -tūrus, future active periphrastic suffix. Displaced native Old English handseten (literally “hand setting”).

nc

(computing) A pattern used for matching the identity of a virus, the parameter types of a method, etc.

簽名 /签名

computing: pattern used for matching identity

(cryptography) Data attached to a message that guarantees that the message originated from its claimed source.

簽名 /签名

cryptography: data attached to a message that guarantees that the message originated from its claimed source


pickle

en-verb

pickle (third-person singular simple present pickles, present participle pickling, simple past and past participle pickled)

pickles (present singular third-person)
pickling (participle present)
pickled (participle past)
pickled (past)

From Middle English pikel (“spicy sauce served with meat or fish”), borrowed from Middle Dutch, Middle Low German pekel (“brine”). Cognate with Scots pikkill (“salt liquor, brine”), Saterland Frisian Piekele (“pickle, brine”), Dutch pekel (“pickle, brine”), Low German pekel, peckel, pickel, bickel (“pickle, brine”), German Pökel (“pickle, brine”).

cog

You can now restore the pickled data. If you like, close your Python interpreter and open a new instance, to convince yourself […]

2005, Peter Norton, et al: Beginning Python:

To illustrate how this would work in practice, consider a field designed to store and retrieve a pickled copy of any arbitrary Python object.


stereotype

en-noun

stereotype (countable and uncountable, plural stereotypes)

Borrowed from French stéréotype, equivalent to stereo- + type. Printing sense is from 1817, the “conventional, formulaic, and oversimplified conception, opinion, or image” sense is recorded from 1922 in Walter Lippmann's book Public Opinion.

(software engineering) An extensibility mechanism of the Unified Modeling Language, allowing a new element to be derived from an existing one with added specializations.


gallery

From Middle English galery, gallerye, from Middle French galerie, gallerie, from Old French galerie, gallerie (“a long portico, a gallery”), from Medieval Latin galeria (“gallery”), perhaps an alteration of galilea (“church porch”), probably from Latin Galilaea, Galilee, region of Palestine. More at Galilee.

a gallery of image thumbnails

a clip-art gallery in a word processor

en:collection of images, icons, etc, in computing

(computing) A browsable collection of images, font styles, etc.


proxy

Inherited from Middle English procusie, contraction of procuracie, from Anglo-Norman procuracie, from Medieval Latin procuratia, from Latin prōcūrātiō, from Latin prōcūrō (“I manage, administer”) (English procure). Compare proctor.

(software) An interface for a service, especially for one that is remote, resource-intensive, or otherwise difficult to use directly.


proxy

en-verb

proxy (third-person singular simple present proxies, present participle proxying, simple past and past participle proxied)

proxies (present singular third-person)
proxying (participle present)
proxied (participle past)
proxied (past)

(networking) To function as a server for a client device, but pass on the requests to another server for service.


mantissa

en-noun

mantissa (plural mantissas or mantissae)

Borrowed from Latin mantissa, mantīsa, of unknown origin (said by Festus to be a loanword from Etruscan, but it may actually be from Celtic, possibly through Etruscan mediation).

(mathematics, computing) The significand; that part of a floating-point number or number in scientific notation that contains its significant digits.


sentinel

1570s, from Middle French sentinelle, from Old Italian sentinella (perhaps via a notion of "perceive, watch", compare Italian sentire (“to feel, hear, smell”)), from Latin sentiō (“feel, perceive by the senses”). See sense, sentient.

uder

The <xmp> tag is a sentinel that suspends web-page processing and displays the subsequent text literally

[…] a sentinel value that indicates a missing entry.

2016, Jake VanderPlas, Python Data Science Handbook, page 120:

(computer science) A unique value recognised by a computer program for processing in a special way, or marking the end of a set of data.


illegal

en-adj

illegal (comparative more illegal, superlative most illegal)

more illegal (comparative)
most illegal (superlative)

Borrowed from French illégal, from Medieval Latin illegalis, from Latin legalis, by surface analysis, il- + legal. In senses relating to immigration, via clipping from illegal alien or illegal immigrant.

(computing) Describing a programming operation that is not allowed by the operating system.


rig

From Early Modern English rygge, probably of North Germanic origin. Compare Norwegian rigge (“to bind up; wrap around; rig; equip”), Swedish dialectal rigga (“to rig a horse”), Faroese rigga (“to rig; to equip and fit; to make s.th. function”). Possibly from Proto-Germanic *rik- (“to bind”), from Proto-Indo-European *rign-, *reyg- (“to bind”); or related to Old English *wrīhan, wrīohan, wrēohan, wrēon (“to bind; wrap up; cover”). See also wry (“to cover; clothe; dress; hide”).

cog

When I saw a special version of Quake running on Voodoo hardware, I knew I would be forking out quite a bit of money on my gaming rig.

2004, Radford Castro, Let Me Play: Stories of Gaming and Emulation, page 104:

(slang, computing) A personal computer, typically one modified for looks.


FPS

frames per second
frame per second#English

(film, television, computing) Initialism of frames per second.


sprint

→ Catalan: esprint

→ Czech: sprint

→ Dutch: sprint

→ French: sprint

desctree

→ German: Sprint
→ Serbo-Croatian: šprint

→ Greek: σπριντ (sprint)

→ Italian: sprint

→ Japanese: スプリント (supurinto)

→ Korean: 스프린트 (seupeurinteu)

→ Polish: sprint

→ Portuguese: sprint, ⇒ sprintar

→ Russian: спринт (sprint)

→ Serbo-Croatian: sprȉnt, спри̏нт

→ Spanish: esprint, sprint

Alteration of earlier sprent (“to leap; bound; dart”), from Northern Middle English sprenten, from Old Norse *sprenta (for later spretta), from Proto-Germanic *sprantijaną, causative of Proto-Germanic *sprintaną (“to jump up; bounce”), from Proto-Indo-European *sprend-, *sprendʰ- (“to flinch; jump”), from Proto-Indo-European *sper- (“to twitch; fidget; flinch; jump; be quick”). Cognate with Middle High German sprenzen (“to sprinkle; splash”), Swedish spritta (“to startle”), Icelandic spretta (“to spring forth; emerge; arise; develop”).

cog

(software engineering) In Agile software development, a period of development of a fixed time that is preceded and followed by meetings.


scrum

French: scrum

Either a back-formation from or an apocopic form of scrummage, a variant of scrimmage.

(software engineering) In Agile software development (specifically Scrum or related methodologies), a daily meeting in which each developer describes what they have been doing, what they plan to do next, and any impediments to progress.


scrum

(software engineering) Alternative letter-case form of Scrum


flit

Short for flow control unit or flow control digit.

header flit

(networking) A flow control unit or flow control digit.


ravel

en-verb

ravel (third-person singular simple present ravels, present participle ravelling or (US) raveling, simple past and past participle ravelled or (US) raveled)

ravels (present singular third-person)
ravelling (participle present)
raveling (US participle present)
ravelled (participle past)
ravelled (past)
raveled (US participle past)
raveled (US past)

The verb is borrowed from Dutch ravelen, rafelen (“to tangle, become entangled; to fray; to unweave”) [and other forms]; further etymology uncertain. It has been suggested that the verb is originally derived from the noun, but the Oxford English Dictionary regards this as “very uncertain”, and instead regards the noun as having derived from the verb (compare Dutch rafel, raffel (“frayed thread”)).
Ravel is a contranym having both the senses of tangling (verb senses 1.1, 1.2, 1.4.1, and 2.3; noun sense 1) and untangling (verb senses 1.3, 1.4.2, 1.4.3, 2.1, and 2.2; noun sense 2). It would appear that the tangling senses predate the untangling ones (as in Dutch), but this is uncertain because the first published uses of both senses of the words occur around the same time.

(programming) In the APL programming language: to reshape (a variable) into a vector.

programming language
programming language


bundle

From Middle English bundel, from Middle Dutch bondel or Old English byndele, byndelle (“a binding; tying; fastening with bands”); both from Proto-Germanic *bundil-, derivative of *bundą (“bundle”). Compare also bindle, Dutch bundel, German Bündel.

(computing, Mac OS X) A directory containing related resources such as source code; application bundle.


bundle

bundle (third-person singular simple present bundles, present participle bundling, simple past and past participle bundled)

bundles (present singular third-person)
bundling (participle present)
bundled (participle past)
bundled (past)

(computing) To sell hardware and software as a single product.

paketoida

computing: to sell hardware and software as single product


session

→ Japanese: セッション (sesshon)

→ Korean: 세션 (sesyeon)

→ Scottish Gaelic: seisean

From Middle English session, from Old French session, from Latin sessiō (“a sitting”), from sedeō (“sit”).

Logging out or shutting down the computer will end your session.

(computing) The sequence of interactions between client and server, or between user and system; the period during which a user is logged in or connected.

會話 /会话

(computing) the sequence of interactions between client and server


png

/ˌpiːɛnˈd͡ʒiː/

(computing) Alternative letter-case form of PNG; Portable Network Graphics, an open protocol for digital images.


scope

en-noun

scope (countable and uncountable, plural scopes)

→ Irish: scóp

From Italian scopo (“purpose”), from Latin scopus (“target”), from Ancient Greek σκοπός (skopós), from σκέπτομαι (sképtomai), from Proto-Indo-European *speḱ-. Etymologically related to skeptic and spectrum.

A variable's scope is the region of a program within which the variable can be referred to by its simple name. Secondarily, scope also determines when the system creates and destroys memory for the variable. Scope is distinct from visibility, which applies only to member variables and determines whether the variable can be used from outside of the class within which it is declared.

2001, Mary Campione, Kathy Walrath, Alison Huml, The Java Tutorial: A Short Course on the Basics, Addison-Wesley Professional, →ISBN, page 72:

(programming) The region of program source code in which a given identifier is meaningful, or a given object can be accessed.


scope

en-verb

scope (third-person singular simple present scopes, present participle scoping, simple past and past participle scoped)

scopes (present singular third-person)
scoping (participle present)
scoped (participle past)
scoped (past)

If we locally scope the user's login name, it won't be accessible from outside this function.

(programming) To limit (an object or variable) to a certain region of program source code.


background

en-noun

background (countable and uncountable, plural backgrounds)

(computing) The image or color over which a computer's desktop items are shown (e.g. icons or application windows).

The antivirus program is running in the background.

(computing) A type of activity on a computer that is not normally visible to the user.

за́ден план

computing: activity not visible to the user


DCG

The AGFL formalism for the syntactic description of Natural Languages has been developed by the Computer Science Department of the Radboud University of Nijmegen. It is a formalism in which large context free grammars can be described in a compact way. AGFLs belong to the family of two level grammars, along with attribute grammars and DCG's: a first, context-free level is augmented with set-valued features for expressing agreement between constituents.

(computing) Initialism of definite clause grammar.

(computing) Initialism of discounted cumulative gain.


formal parameter

formal parameter (plural formal parameters)

(programming) An abstract representation, typically including a name and a type, of a parameter expected to be passed to a method or function.


actual parameter

actual parameter (plural actual parameters)

(programming) A value supplied to a method or function, as opposed to a formal parameter.


packed decimal

packed decimal (countable and uncountable, plural packed decimals)

(computing) A storage mode that places two decimal digits into one byte, each digit occupying four bits. The sign occupies four bits in the least significant byte.


ECB

(computing) Initialism of event control block (IBM)


spoof

en-verb

spoof (third-person singular simple present spoofs, present participle spoofing, simple past and past participle spoofed)

spoofs (present singular third-person)
spoofing (participle present)
spoofed (participle past)
spoofed (past)

Coined by the English comedian Arthur Roberts (1852–1933) in 1884 as the name of a card game involving deception and nonsense.

However, MULTOPS assumes that packet rates between two hosts are proportional and the IP addresses are not spoofed.

2003, Tao Peng, Christopher Leckie, Kotagiri Ramamohanarao, “Detecting Distributed Denial of Service Attacks by Sharing Distributed Beliefs”, in Rei Safavi-Naini, Jennifer Seberry, editors, Information Security and Privacy: 8th Australasian Conference, ACISP 2003, Wollongong, Australia, July 9–11, 2003: Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science; 2727), Berlin, New York, N.Y.: Springer, →ISBN, page 224:

[I]dentities in the online world can be easily spoofed. Your ten-year-old daughter will know that a middle-aged man is not her age or gender when she sees him in the physical world. But as we have seen, that middle-aged man can easily pass himself off as another ten-year-old girl in the online world.

2007, Wes Kussmaul, “The Solution”, in The Sex Life of Tables: What Happens When Databases about You … Mate, Waltham, Mass.: PKI Press, →ISBN, page 83:

This attack [session hijacking] uses the fact that most communications are protected at session setup but not thereafter. The attacker spoofs the victim's IP address and performs a DoS [denial-of-service] attack on the victim.

2009, Manfred Fettinger, “Overview of Security Attacks”, in Intrusion Detection in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks: Comparison of Different Approaches, [Munich]: GRIN Verlag, →ISBN, section 2.5.2 (Session Hijacking), page 5:


codec

Blend of coder + decoder, probably in imitation of how modem was formed.

Audio and video codecs are important in making multimedia files small enough to distribute and simple to play back.

(computing) A device or program capable of performing transformations on a data stream or signal.

կոդեկ

H.264 and AV1 are examples of video codecs.


XPCOM

Although most components available from XPCOM are written in C++, the XPConnect/XPCOM pairing can also accommodate other languages.

2002, David Boswell, Creating Applications with Mozilla, →ISBN, page 241:

XPCOM is entirely internal to the Mozilla Platform. XPConnect is the glue that turns XPCOM-compliant objects and their interfaces into JavaScript host objects.

2004, Nigel McFarlane, Rapid Application Development with Mozilla, →ISBN, page 176:

XPCOM enables component software development, a paradigm that is heavily leveraged in the Mozilla product line. DLLs that implement the required external functions and classes defined for this purpose by XPCOM can be registered as components with a Mozilla-based project, and applications can then uses XPCOM to query these components for classes and interfaces, and then make calls against the interfaces to obtain the services provided by the component.

2007, Syd Logan, Cross-Platform Development in C++, →ISBN:

These XPCOM interfaces are the starting point for all XUL elements.

2007, Kenneth C. Feldt, Programming Firefox: Building Rich Internet Applications with XUL, →ISBN:

Cross-Platform Component Object Model
w:XPCOM

(computing) Abbreviation of Cross-Platform Component Object Model.


resize

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-resize.wav

(computing) An operation that changes the size of something.


vulnerable

en-adj

vulnerable (comparative more vulnerable, superlative most vulnerable)

more vulnerable (comparative)
most vulnerable (superlative)

From Late Latin vulnerābilis (“injurious, wounding”), from Latin vulnerō (“I wound”).

bor

a vulnerable PC with no antivirus software

(computing) More likely to be exposed to malicious programs or viruses.


first class

Java has no first-class functions, so function objects are usually expressed by an interface with a single method.

(programming) Of or relating to a treatment like that for a first-class object.

ensiluokan

programming: relating to a treatment like a first-class citizen


unfold

en-verb

unfold (third-person singular simple present unfolds, present participle unfolding, simple past and past participle unfolded)

unfolds (present singular third-person)
unfolding (participle present)
unfolded (participle past)
unfolded (past)

From Middle English unfolden, from Old English unfealdan (“to unfold”), equivalent to un- + fold.

(transitive, computing) To reassemble a line of text that was split across multiple lines.


unfold

functional programming
functional programming

higher-order function
higher-order function

(computing, programming) In functional programming, a kind of higher-order function that is the opposite of a fold.


relocation

en-noun

relocation (countable and uncountable, plural relocations)

/ˌɹiːləʊˈkeɪʃən/

A peculiarity of ECOFF relocation entries is that even on 32-bit machines, they're 10 bytes long, which means that on machines that require aligned data, the linker can't just load the entire relocation table into a memory array[…]

2000, John R. Levine, Linkers and Loaders, Morgan Kaufmann, →ISBN, page 157:

(computing) The assigning of addresses to variables either at linkage editing, or at runtime.


modifier

The protected modifier makes a class member visible to subclasses, but not to external code.

(programming) A keyword that qualifies the meaning of other code.


multiply

From Old French multiplier, from Latin multiplicō, from multi (“many”) + plicō (“I fold”).
The noun presumably derives from the verb.

The extended instruction set may double the speed again if a lot of multiplies and divides are done.

List the number of adds and multiplies for each of the forms (6) , (7), and (8).

2004, C. K. Birdsall, A. B. Langdon, Plasma Physics via Computer Simulation, page 75:

(computer science) An act or instance of multiplying.


double-click

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-double-click.wav

(computing) The action of pushing the button on a mouse twice in quick succession in order to perform a different task that would be performed from a single-click or triple-click.

երկկտտոց

action or event of pushing mouse-button twice


double-click

en-verb

double-click (third-person singular simple present double-clicks, present participle double-clicking, simple past and past participle double-clicked)

double-clicks (present singular third-person)
double-clicking (participle present)
double-clicked (participle past)
double-clicked (past)

(computing) To push the button on a mouse twice in quick succession in order to perform a different task than would be performed from a single-click or triple-click.


DASD

(computing) Initialism of direct access storage device, such as a USB drive or hard drive.


word processing

/ˈwəːdˌprəʊsɛsŋ/

(computing) The creation, input, editing and formatting of documents and other text using software on a computer.


desktop publishing

"My memory of him in the office at Peterborough was the ferocious nature of his typing, on a manual machine of course. This was long before the days of desktop publishing, and you could hear him down the corridor absolutely hammering the keyboard."

2023 January 25, Howard Johnston, “Peter Kelly: August 2 1944-December 28 2022”, in RAIL, number 975, page 47:

(computer graphics) The use of page layout software on a desktop computer to produce publishable documents.


reproduction

en-noun

reproduction (countable and uncountable, plural reproductions)

/ˌɹiːpɹəˈdʌkʃən/

Could you file a bug at on the issue tracker with a minimum reproduction so that we can investigate?

2020, Joe Tsai, “[Bug?] Repeated imported enum cause panic in golang”, in protobuf mailing list:

(computing) A method for reproducing a bug or problem.


CNC

(computing, manufacturing) Initialism of computer numerical control and computerized numerical control.


hydrate

en-verb

hydrate (third-person singular simple present hydrates, present participle hydrating, simple past and past participle hydrated)

hydrates (present singular third-person)
hydrating (participle present)
hydrated (participle past)
hydrated (past)

From French hydrate, from Ancient Greek ὕδωρ (húdōr, “water”) + -ate.

(programming) To load data from a database record into an object's variables


POV

(finance, computing) Initialism of percentage of volume, a type of securities trading algorithm.


cross-platform

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-cross-platform.wav

(computing) Of software, etc., designed to work on various operating systems.


CPAD

(computing) Initialism of cross-platform application development.


PMS

en-noun

PMS (countable and uncountable, plural PMSs)

package management system
package management system#English

(computing, countable) Initialism of package management system.


nugget

nugget (countable and uncountable, plural nuggets)

→ Portuguese: nugget

Uncertain. Possibly from a rebracketed alteration of an ingot as a ni(n)got. Alternatively, likely a diminutive of dialectal nug (“lump, block”) + -et.

We have previously said that the heuristic algorithms produce good nuggets for most classes and most λ values […]

2002, Data Mining: A Heuristic Approach, (Please provide the book title or journal name), page 93:

(computing theory) A partial description gleaned from data mining.


fortune cookie

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-fortune cookie.wav

(computing) A quote-of-the-day feature (especially on *nix systems.)


carousel

From French carrousel, from Italian carosello, from Sicilian caruseḍḍu and/or Neapolitan carusiello. Uncertain. Some suggested a derivation from carro (“cart”), from Latin carrus, but this does not fit the criteria of an appropriate morphological reconstruction. Not believed to be related to carousal.

graphical user interface
graphical user interface

(graphical user interface) A visual component that displays a horizontal series of items one at a time.

(computing) Synonym of jukebox (“automated carousel for the storage and retrieval of tapes, CD-ROMs, etc.”)


bloatware

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-bloatware.wav

From bloat + -ware, originally in the sense “unwieldy software”. The sense “pre-installed software” has become predominant since the 2010s.

Today’s software development cycle does not allow time to optimize and refine products, and that leads to bloatware.

1996 February 12, Ed Foster, “Passing the bloatware buck: Programmers finger deadlines, driven bosses”, in InfoWorld, page 58:

That’s not really a surprise, considering that writing efficient software takes more time than writing wasteful code. “Bloatware” makes economic sense for software developers, if not for consumers!

2001, Glenn E. Weadock, Upgrading Your Home PC, →ISBN, page 16:

I’ll bet you think I’m going to write one of those boring articles you see all over the net bemoaning “bloatware.” Whine whine whine, this stuff is so bloated, oh woe is me, edlin and vi are so much better than Word and Emacs because they are svelte, etc.

2001 March 23, Joel Spolsky, “Strategy Letter IV: Bloatware and the 80/20 Myth”, in Joel on Software; republished as Joel on Software […], 2004, →ISBN, page 277:

(computing, informal) Software that is packed with too many features and therefore slow or unwieldy; software that is inefficiently designed and occupies an excessive amount of memory or disk space.

turhakeohjelmisto

software that is overpacked with features

Bloatware has also introduced numerous security and trust issues in smartphones. […] OEMs, third-party app providers, telecommunication operators, and malicious parties have used bloatware apps to over-collect user data.

2017, Haroon Elahi, Guojun Wang, Xu Li, “Smartphone Bloatware: An Overlooked Privacy Problem”, in Guojun Wang et al., editors, Security, Privacy, and Anonymity in Computation, Communication, and Storage, →ISBN, page 170:

Most phones had preinstalled Android stores and bloatware built in by manufacturers, but workers would still choose to install third-party marketplaces like Tencent MyApp, Baidu 91 Mobile Assistance, and Qihoo 360 Mobile Assistants.

2018, Luzhou Nina Li, “Android App Stores and the Appification of Everything”, in Jeremy Wade Morris, Sarah Murray, editors, Appified: Culture in the Age of Apps, →ISBN, page 46:

“[…] samsung should stop adding crap bloatware […] i never use such app^([sic]) and i dont need it”

2018, Shawn Mankad, Shengli Hu, Anandasivam Gopal, “Single state prediction with embedded topic modeling of online reviews for mobile app management”, in The Annals of Applied Statistics, volume 12, number 4, →JSTOR, page 2297:

(computing) Unwanted pre-installed software, especially on a smartphone.


listing

Print me a listing of the latest version.

(computing) A printout of a program or data set.


CP

CP (countable and uncountable, plural CPs)


CBT

CBT (countable and uncountable, plural CBTs)

(computing, countable) Initialism of closed beta test.


rem

(computing) A remark; a programming language statement used for documentation (in BASIC for example); also used in DOS batch files.


rem

Like the em unit, the rem unit is based on declared font size. The difference—and it’s a doozy—is that whereas em is calculated using the font size of the element to which it’s applied, rem is always calculated using the root element.

2017, Eric A Meyer, Estelle Weyl, CSS: The Definitive Guide: Visual Presentation for the Web, Kindle edition, O'Reilly Media, page 126:

(web design) A unit relative to the declared font size of the root element in an HTML document.


backport

en-verb

backport (third-person singular simple present backports, present participle backporting, simple past and past participle backported)

backports (present singular third-person)
backporting (participle present)
backported (participle past)
backported (past)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-backport.wav

To retroactively supply (to a previous version of a software product) a fix, or a new feature, at the same time or after supplying it to the current version.

corregir retroactivament

to retroactively supply to (a previous version of a software product) a fix, or a new feature, at the same time or after supplying it to the current version

To retroactively supply (a fix or a new feature) to a previous version of a software product at the same time or after supplying it to the current version.

(also video games) To re-release software on its original or a previous platform with new features, after its release on a different platform.


backport

This backport fixes an urgent bug.

A software program that has been backported.


facade

Borrowed from French façade, from Italian facciata, a derivation of faccia (“front”), from Latin faciēs (“face”); compare face.

Facades are widely used for tasks like simplifying complex APIs.

2017, Evan Burchard, Refactoring JavaScript: Turning Bad Code Into Good Code, O'Reilly Media, →ISBN, page 311:

(programming) An object serving as a simplified interface to a larger body of code, as in the facade pattern.


executive

From Middle French executif, from Latin executivus, from Latin exsequi, from ex- ‘out’ + sequi ‘follow’.

1973, ACM Special Interest Group in Operating Systems, Fourth Symposium on Operating System Principles
The second phase of the executive development proceeded through two steps as stated in Section 2. First, a failsoft executive was developed providing automatic failure detection and recovery […]

(computing) A process that coordinates and governs the action of other processes or threads; supervisor.


intrinsic

en-adj

intrinsic (comparative more intrinsic, superlative most intrinsic)

more intrinsic (comparative)
most intrinsic (superlative)

From Middle French intrinsèque, from Latin intrīnsecus (“on the inside, inwardly”), from *intrim, an assumed adverbial form of inter (“within”) + secus (“by, on the side”).

der

In addition to the Fortran operators that are intrinsic (built in), there may be user-defined operators in expressions.

1997, Jeanne C. Adams, Walter S. Brainerd, Jeanne T. Martin, Brian T. Smith, Jerrold L. Wagener, Fortran 95 Handbook: Complete ISO/ANSI Reference, MIT Press, →ISBN, page 192:

(programming, of a function or operator) Built-in.


intrinsic

SIMD intrinics

Crappy loops, we got them: Use vector intrinsics¶ For troublesome loops that just don't vectorize even with hints, vector intrinsics are another option.

2021, Robert Robey, Yuliana Zamora, Parallel and High Performance Computing, Simon and Schuster, →ISBN, page 190:

(computing, programming) A built-in function that is implemented directly by the compiler, without any intermediate call to a library.


spindle

From Middle English spyndel, spindle, spyndylle, from Old English spindle, spindel, alteration of earlier spinel, spinil, spinl (“spindle”), from Proto-West Germanic *spinnilu (“spindle”), equivalent to spin + -le. Cognate with Scots spindil, spinnell (“spindle”), Dutch spindel ("spindle"; < Middle Dutch spille, spinle), German Spindel (“spindle”), Danish spindel (“spindle”), Swedish spindel (“spindle”).

gloss

(computing) A plastic container for packaging optical discs. Bulk blank CDs, DVDs, and BDs are often sold in such a package.

spindel

computing: a plastic container for packaging optical discs


hint

→ Danish: hint

→ Dutch: hint

→ Japanese: ヒント (hinto)

→ Norwegian Bokmål: hint

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: hint

→ Swedish: hint

From Middle English hinten, hynten, variant of henten (“to lay hold of, catch”), from Old English hentan (“to seize, grasp”), from Proto-West Germanic *hantijan, from Proto-Germanic *hantijaną. Doublet of hent. Related also to hunt.

This font does not scale well to small sizes; the hints for the 10-point letter 'g' still need work.

(computing) Information in a computer-based font that suggests how the outlines of the font's glyphs should be distorted in order to produce, at specific sizes, a visually appealing pixel-based rendering; an instance of hinting.

(databases) An instruction to the database engine as to how a query should be executed, for example whether to use an index or not.


rekey

en-verb

rekey (third-person singular simple present rekeys, present participle rekeying, simple past and past participle rekeyed)

rekeys (present singular third-person)
rekeying (participle present)
rekeyed (participle past)
rekeyed (past)

She had to rekey the security code.

(computing) To enter information into a device, such as a keyboard or keypad, after it has been done at least once before.


conversion

en-noun

conversion (countable and uncountable, plural conversions)

From Middle English conversion, conversioun, borrowed from Anglo-Norman conversion, from Latin conversiō, from convertō.

обръщане

the act of having converted something or someone

המרת דת

to replace one religious faith with another

Mike Follin […] also programmed the Spectrum version of The Sentinel (97%, Issue 40), and the excellent coin-op conversions Bubble Bobble (90%, Issue 45) and Bionic Commando (92%, Issue 53).

(computing) A software product converted from one platform to another.