context-free grammar

context-free grammar (plural context-free grammars)

It remains to explain one final concept, namely what a context free language is. (Don’t get confused: we’ve told you what a context free grammar is, but not what a context free language is.) Quite simply, a context free language is a language that can be generated by a context free grammar. Some languages are context free, and some are not. For example, it seems plausible that English is a context free language. That is, it is probably possible to write a context free grammar that generates all (and only) the sentences that native speakers find acceptable. On the other hand, some dialects of Swiss-German are not context free. It can be proved mathematically that no context free grammar can generate all (and only) the sentences that native speakers of Swiss-German find acceptable.¹ So if you wanted to write a grammar for such dialects, you would have to employ additional grammatical mechanisms, not merely context free rules.

2006, Patrick Blackburn, Johan Bos, Kristina Striegnitz, Learn Prolog Now!, §7.1

(computing theory) A formal grammar in which every production rule is such that the left-hand side is exactly one non-terminal symbol and the right-hand side is zero or more terminal symbols and/or nonterminal symbols.


ravelled

en-adj

ravelled (comparative more ravelled, superlative most ravelled)

more ravelled (comparative)
most ravelled (superlative)

LOAD.S loads a sequence of scalars from the ravelled form of a matrix into successive AM elements.

1975, Tse-yun Feng, Parallel processing: proceedings of the Sagamore Computer Conference:

programming language
programming language

(programming) Of a variable in the APL programming language: which has been reshaped into a vector.


local ring

(networking) The non-routing segment of a token ring network.


WAD

(computing, humorous) Acronym of works as designed.

(computing, gaming) Acronym of where's all the data? (Commonly used when referring to the video game Doom.)


uninstall

en-verb

uninstall (third-person singular simple present uninstalls, present participle uninstalling, simple past and past participle uninstalled)

uninstalls (present singular third-person)
uninstalling (participle present)
uninstalled (participle past)
uninstalled (past)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-uninstall.wav

(computing) To completely remove hardware or software from a computer system.


uninstall

But what happens if the uninstall does not work, is corrupt, or is accidentally deleted? Then, a manual uninstall is necessary […]

2004, Ron Ben-Natan, Richard Gornitsky, Tim Hanis, Mastering IBM WebSphere Portal:


reification

en-noun

reification (countable and uncountable, plural reifications)

/ˌɹeɪəfəˈkeɪʃən/

First attested around 1846; a macaronic calque of German Verdinglichung, using -ification (“making”) for ver- + -lich + -ung, and Latin rēs (“thing”) for Ding (“thing”)

Contrary to Java, C++ and C# implement generics via reification, meaning that each specific version of a generic class, like List<String> is converted into a concrete class, either at compile time (C++) or at runtime (C#).

2020, Marco Faella, Seriously Good Software: Code that works, survives, and wins, Simon and Schuster, →ISBN, page 251:

(programming) A process that makes a computable/addressable object out of a non-computable/addressable one; or a concrete class out of a generic one.

Reifizierung

programming: Process that makes out of a non-computable/addressable object a computable/addressable one


unzip

en-verb

unzip (third-person singular simple present unzips, present participle unzipping, simple past and past participle unzipped)

unzips (present singular third-person)
unzipping (participle present)
unzipped (participle past)
unzipped (past)

(computing, transitive) To restore (compressed data) to its original form, from a zip file.


key set identifier

en-noun

key set identifier (plural key set identifiers)

(computing, Internet) A value that is used to identify a key set.


shelfware

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-shelfware.wav

A piece of software that has never been used at all since its creation.

A piece of software created for the sole purpose of being immediately shelved.


cokernel

(category theory) For a category with zero morphisms: the coequalizer between a given morphism and the zero morphism which is parallel to that given morphism.


letter bomb

(computing) A virus contained within an email or similar file.


monotype

monotype (countable and uncountable, plural monotypes)

From mono- + type or mono- + -type. The printing technique is so called because it allows only one impression to be taken.

Coordinate term: polytype

(computing theory) In the Hindley–Milner type system, a single specific data type.


harden

en-verb

harden (third-person singular simple present hardens, present participle hardening, simple past and past participle hardened)

hardens (present singular third-person)
hardening (participle present)
hardened (participle past)
hardened (past)

From Middle English hardenen, equivalent to hard + -en. Cognate with Danish hærdne (“to harden; cure”), Swedish hårdna (“to harden”), Norwegian herdne (“to harden”), Icelandic harðna (“to harden”).

(transitive, computing) To modify (a website or other system) to make it resistant to malicious attacks.

vahvistaa suojausta

computing: to modify to make resistant to malicious attacks


unbox

unbox (third-person singular simple present unboxes, present participle unboxing, simple past and past participle unboxed)

unboxes (present singular third-person)
unboxing (participle present)
unboxed (participle past)
unboxed (past)

When a boxing or unboxing operation occurs in code, whether it was implicit or explicit, the IL generated includes the box or unbox command.

2004, Stephen Teilhet, Jay Hilyard, C# Cookbook:

(transitive, computing) To retrieve (a value of a primitive type) from the object in which it is boxed.


save as

save as (third-person singular simple present saves as, present participle saving as, simple past and past participle saved as)

saves as (present singular third-person)
saving as (participle present)
saved as (participle past)
saved as (past)

(computing) To enter a dialog box where the user can specify a new filename to save the current document under.


check-in

en-noun

check-in (countable and uncountable, plural check-ins)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-check-in.wav

(computing) The submission of source code or other material to a source control repository.


check in

en-verb

check in (third-person singular simple present checks in, present participle checking in, simple past and past participle checked in)

checks in (present singular third-person)
checking in (participle present)
checked in (participle past)
checked in (past)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-check in.wav

(software) To integrate new revisions into the public or master version of a file in a version control system.


case-sensitivity

(programming) The characteristic of being case sensitive; having different reactions to typed letters based on whether the letters are uppercase or lowercase.


truthiness

From truthy + -ness. Modern sense coined by American comedian Stephen Colbert 17 October 2005 on his show The Colbert Report.

coin

Usually, when you are receiving a Boolean value, you are most interested in checking its truthiness rather than its type.

2020, James Padolsey, Clean Code in JavaScript: Develop reliable, maintainable, and robust JavaScript, Packt Publishing Ltd, →ISBN, page 181:

(programming) The property of being truthy, i.e. evaluating to true in a Boolean context.


case sensitivity

en-noun

case sensitivity (usually uncountable, plural case sensitivities)


cypherpunk

/ˈsʌɪfəpʌŋk/

Blend of cipher + cyberpunk, coined by American hacker and author Jude Milhon (St. Jude) in 1992.

coin

Coordinate term: crypto-anarchist

(computing) A person with an interest in encryption and privacy, especially one who uses encrypted email.


tarball

(computing) A file that is an archive of several other files, created using the Unix tar utility.


tarball

en-verb

tarball (third-person singular simple present tarballs, present participle tarballing, simple past and past participle tarballed)

tarballs (present singular third-person)
tarballing (participle present)
tarballed (participle past)
tarballed (past)

(transitive, computing) To archive into a tarball.


direct product

(category theory) A high-level generalization of the preceding that applies to objects in an arbitrary category and produces a new object constructable by morphisms from each of the original objects.


hijacker

/ˈhaɪˌd͡ʒækəɹ/


speedup

en-noun

speedup (countable and uncountable, plural speedups)

(chiefly computing) The relationship between time taken and number of processors used.


URA

Universal Remote Access
Universal Remote Access#English

(software) Initialism of Universal Remote Access.


covariant

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-covariant.wav

(category theory, of a functor) Which preserves the order of morphism composition: formally, which associates each morphism f:X→Y to a morphism F(f):F(X)→F(Y).


contravariant

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-contravariant.wav

(category theory, of a functor) Which reverses the order of morphism composition: formally, which associates each morphism f:X→Y to a morphism F(f):F(Y)→F(X).


just-in-time

Taking place at the time when it is needed, and not in advance.

(computing) Performing compilation of code on the client machine immediately before execution.


run time

run time (countable and uncountable, plural run times)

(computing) The stage during which a program is executing.

(computing) The amount of time during which a program is executing.

نَظْمَة

You need to install the .NET runtime before you can run this application.

(computing) A software component designed to support the execution of computer programs.


run-time

a run-time error

(computing) Of, relating to, or happening during run time.


run-time

run-time (countable and uncountable, plural run-times)

(computing) Alternative form of run time


OOP

OOP (countable and uncountable, plural OOPs)

object-oriented programming
object-oriented programming#English

(programming, uncountable) Initialism of object-oriented programming.


OOP

en-verb

OOP (third-person singular simple present OOPs, present participle OOPing, simple past and past participle OOPed)

OOPs (present singular third-person)
OOPing (participle present)
OOPed (participle past)
OOPed (past)

object-oriented programming
object-oriented programming

(programming, informal) To use object-oriented programming for a task.


object-oriented programming

This structure organizes and streamlines theme development to create a solid ground for themers (theme developers) to further build and extend, much like in object-oriented programming.

(programming) A programming paradigm that uses hierarchies of objects, instantiated from templates called classes, to design applications and computer programs.

programació orientada a objectes

programming paradigm that uses objects to design application and computer programs

объе́ктно-ориенти́рованное программи́рование


crontab

Shortening of cron table, where cron is the name of the system program that handles these tasks, from Ancient Greek χρόνος (khrónos, “time”).

The purpose of /etc/crontab is different from that of individual users' crontabs. With /etc/crontab, root may specify which user will run a particular command.

2008, Michael Lucas, Absolute FreeBSD: The Complete Guide to FreeBSD:

(computing, Unix) A table of commands to be executed periodically.


IRQ

interrupt request
interrupt request#English

(computing) Initialism of interrupt request.


machine language

en-noun

machine language (countable and uncountable, plural machine languages)

Machine language is certainly the most efficient language on the Apple, albeit the least pleasant in which to code. The Monitor has special facilities for those of you who are determined to use machine language to simplify creating, writing, and debugging machine language programs.

1979 Apple II Reference Manual, Cupertino, Apple Computer Inc., p. 48

Though machine language is efficient for computers, it is inefficient for programmers.

1986, Lawrence S. Orilia, Computers and Information:

(programming) The set of instructions that a particular computer is designed to execute; generated from an assembly language by an assembler, or from a high-level language by a compiler or interpreter.

मशीनी भाषा

maśīnī bhāṣā


epimorphism

(category theory) A morphism p such that for any other pair of morphisms f and g, if f∘p=g∘p, then f = g.

Epimorphismus

mathematics: map f such that whenever g composed with f equals h composed with f, then g=h


access control

access control (usually uncountable, plural access controls)

(computing, technology) Permitting or denying the use of a particular resource.


iterable

(programming) An object that can be iterated over.


predictive

en-adj

predictive (comparative more predictive, superlative most predictive)

more predictive (comparative)
most predictive (superlative)

Borrowed from Latin praedictivus, from praedico. Equivalent to predict + -ive.


tagline

(computing) A pithy quotation habitually appended to a signature in email, newsgroups, etc.


time-serving

(computing) The functionality of a timeserver.


time slice

Coordinate term: timeslot

(computing) The period of time for which a process is allowed to run in a preemptive multitasking system.


functional requirement

en-noun

functional requirement (plural functional requirements)

(computing) Any of the functions of a software system, described formally.

funkční požadavek

description of any of the functions of a software system


redistributable

(computing) (of a software component) Allowable to be redistributed by a third party as part of its own software


redistributable

This ensures that the source gets compiled before the redistributables are built, and that the redistributable is built before the remote deployment.

2003, Erik Hatcher, Steve Loughran, Java development with Ant, page 6:

(computing) A software component that can be redistributed.


VBScript

(computer languages) A scripting language that is a subset of Microsoft Visual Basic.


PATA

(computer hardware) Initialism of parallel ATA: a computer bus technology primarily designed for transfer of data to and from a hard disk.


ATA

(computing) Advanced Technology Attachment; a computer bus technology primarily designed for transfer of data to and from a hard disk. (Renamed PATA when SATA came into existence to more clearly distinguish the two.)


windowed

full screen

antonym(s) of “occupying a graphical window”

From Middle English wyndowed, wyndowid, equivalent to window + -ed.

This game can be played both in windowed mode and in full-screen mode.

graphical user interface
graphical user interface

(computing, graphical user interface) Occupying only a part of the screen (in a window.)


declarer

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-declarer.wav

From Middle English declarer, equivalent to declare + -er.

(computer science) A statement that declares the properties of a variable or contributes to doing so.


procedural

en-adj

procedural (comparative more procedural, superlative most procedural)

more procedural (comparative)
most procedural (superlative)

/pɹəˈsiːd͡ʒ(ə)ɹəl/

a procedural texture

procedural terrain

(computing) Generated by means of a procedure, rather than being designed.


proof of technology

software engineering
software engineering

(rare, software engineering) proof of concept; pilot project


XYZ

(web design, cartography) Describing a URL scheme for providing map tiles, where X and Y refer to coordinates, while Z refers to zoom level.


supplementary character
supplementary character

(computing) Unicode Transformation Format-16; a Unicode encoding scheme which uses two-byte (16-bit) code units (singly for characters in plane 0, and in four-byte [32-bit] surrogate pairs for supplementary characters in planes 1 through 16).


convolve

en-verb

convolve (third-person singular simple present convolves, present participle convolving, simple past and past participle convolved)

convolves (present singular third-person)
convolving (participle present)
convolved (participle past)
convolved (past)

Borrowed from Latin convolvere (“roll together”), from con- (“together”) + volvō (“roll”); see voluble, volute, and compare involve, evolve, revolve.

(computing) To compute the convolution function


headshell

(computing) A component of a Sun server, used to connect a console between two Sun machines. It is made up of a DB-25 male connector with a normal Cat-5 ethernet cable connecting to another DB-25 male connector.


inkjet printer

(computer hardware) A device for the printing of documents which that operates by propelling tiny droplets of liquid ink onto paper.

噴墨打印機 /喷墨打印机

device that prints using droplets of ink


initialize

initialize (third-person singular simple present initializes, present participle initializing, simple past and past participle initialized)

initializes (present singular third-person)
initializing (participle present)
initialized (participle past)
initialized (past)

(computing) To assign an initial value to a variable.

инициализирам

to assign an initial value to a variable

(computing) To format a storage medium prior to use.

(computing) To prepare any hardware (such as a printer or scanner) for use.


tetradecimal

(mathematics, computing) Based on the number 14; using the digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C and D.


pentadecimal

Kleene [13] uses a similar approach, based on Turing machine encodings over an alphabet of fifteen symbols, which are then translated into pentadecimal numbers.

1980 April, Norman H Cohen, “Gödel numbers: a new approach to structured programming”, in ACM SIGPLAN Notices:

(computing, mathematics) Based on the number 15; using the digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D and E.


reducer

(software) A function that takes state and action as arguments and returns the next state of the app.


containerize

containerize (third-person singular simple present containerizes, present participle containerizing, simple past and past participle containerized)

containerizes (present singular third-person)
containerizing (participle present)
containerized (participle past)
containerized (past)

1. First and foremost, containerize or dockerize the Spring Boot app using a Dockerfile.

2017, Ajitesh Shukla, Building Web Apps with Spring 5 and Angular, Packt Publishing Ltd, →ISBN, page 115:

(computing, transitive) To run an application in a software container.

conteneuriser

(computing) to run an application in a container


fencepost problem

en-noun

fencepost problem (plural fencepost problems)

By analogy with fence-building. If one wants to say "lay a fencepost, then a length of fence, then repeat", then a special case must be made for the final fencepost. If one wants to say "lay a length of fence, then a fencepost, then repeat", then a special case must be made for the initial fencepost.

(programming) A problem dealing with how to treat the initial or boundary values of a discrete problem.


crow's foot

crow's foot (plural crow's feet or crows' feet)

crow's feet (plural)
crows' feet (plural)

The crow's-foot notation similarly represents relationships.

1999, Robert J Muller, Database Design for Smarties:

Each crow's foot in your ER diagram indicates the need for a foreign key.

2007, Geoff Coffey, Susan Prosser, Filemaker Pro 9: The Missing Manual:

(databases) A symbol, resembling a bisected equilateral triangle, used in database diagrams to indicate plurality.


paywall

→ German: Paywall

desc

→ Norwegian Bokmål: betalingsmur (calque)

→ Swedish: betalvägg (calque)

From pay + wall, by analogy with firewall.

Techdirt got wind of a secret meeting by newspaper execs, complete with antitrust lawyers, to discuss how to proceed on the issue of implementing paywalls going forward.

2009 May 29, ScuttleMonkey, “Newspaper Execs Hold Secret Meeting To Discuss Paywalls”, in Slashdot:

Scores of other newspapers started selling digital subscriptions in 2011, either with a paywall on their sites or by charging for mobile access with an e-reader app. […] Time magazine also set up a paywall in 2011, its second attempt in two years, […]

2012, Dennis F. Herrick, Media Management in the Age of Giants: Business Dynamics of Journalism. Second Edition., UNM Press, →ISBN, page 332:

As for the larger general-interest dailies, Long Island's Newsday was the first to erect its paywall, in October 2009. It allowed full access for subscribers to the print edition of the paper or the parent company Cablevision, or for people willing to pay $5 per week.

2015, Brian Gorman, Crash to Paywall: Canadian Newspapers and the Great Disruption, McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP, →ISBN, page 140:

(informal, computing) A feature of a website, application or service that only allows access to certain content or functions upon payment.

付費牆 /付费墙

a feature of a website that only allows access to paying subscribers


paywall

en-verb

paywall (third-person singular simple present paywalls, present participle paywalling, simple past and past participle paywalled)

paywalls (present singular third-person)
paywalling (participle present)
paywalled (participle past)
paywalled (past)

(informal, computing, transitive) To restrict access to (a website or other resource) by means of a paywall.


resend

From re- + send. Attested since the 1550s.

EtymOnLine

Douglas Harper (2001–2025) “resend”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.

If the BS reaches its maximum number of resends, it initiates another full authentication or drops the SS.

2007, Yang Xiao, WiMAX/MobileFi: Advanced Research and Technology, page 99:


debuggee

(computing) A process or application being debugged.


crosscut

en-verb

crosscut (third-person singular simple present crosscuts, present participle crosscutting, simple past and past participle crosscut)

crosscuts (present singular third-person)
crosscutting (participle present)
crosscut (participle past)
crosscut (past)

Once we've implemented a concern in the component language, we need to perform an analysis to determine where ancillary concerns might crosscut the code.

2003, Joseph D. Gradecki, Nicholas Lesiecki, Mastering AspectJ: Aspect-Oriented Programming in Java, page 34:

(software engineering) To affect several modules of a program, without the possibility of being encapsulated in any one of them. See Cross-cutting concern.


UDF

en-noun

UDF (countable and uncountable, plural UDFs)

(computing) Initialism of Universal Disk Format.

(computing) Initialism of user-defined function.


error message

(computing) A message displayed when a failure condition occurs, usually on a computer or device.


keychain

(cryptography) A digital repository for the storage of cryptographic keys.


FSB

(computing) Initialism of front-side bus.


Commie

(computing, slang) A Commodore computer.


skybox

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-skybox.wav

Thankfully, tools have been created to assist in the skybox creation process.

2004, Paul Marino, 3D Game-Based Filmmaking: The Art of Machinima:

To ensure consistent sizing for all images, you should give each image in the skybox the same pixel width and height dimensions.

2007, Stephen Cawood, Pat McGee, Microsoft XNA Game Studio Creator's Guide:

(video games, computer graphics) A cube with textures on its inner faces, used to simulate the sky or similar backdrop around a three-dimensional playfield.


keygen

/ˌkiːˈd͡ʒɛn/

A key generator, or keygen, is a mini program that generates a product key or serial number that unlocks or activates software. Keygens are usually standalone executables, but some are command-line programs that you run in Command Prompt (Windows) or Terminal (OS X).

2013, Chris Fehily, Cancel Cable: How Internet Pirates Get Free Stuff:

(computing) A small program used to generate a license key used to unlock a trial version of software illegitimately.


pentagraph

(computing) A five-character sequence used to enter a single conceptual character.


USB token

(computing) A hardware device serving as a user identity credential that one can connect to a standard computer interface such as a USB jack; often used in addition to or instead of a password.


marshalling

marshalling (countable and uncountable, plural marshallings)

(software) The process of transforming the memory representation of an object to a data format suitable for storage or transmission, which is typically used when data must be moved between different parts of a computer program, or from one program to another.


uncheck

en-verb

uncheck (third-person singular simple present unchecks, present participle unchecking, simple past and past participle unchecked)

unchecks (present singular third-person)
unchecking (participle present)
unchecked (participle past)
unchecked (past)

Uncheck the “save my password” box.

If you uncheck either of these check boxes, [Microsoft] Expression Web 2 will create all new Web pages with uppercase tag names and/or attributes. Current Web standards require that HTML tag names and attributes be lowercase. Therefore, pages created with either of these boxes unchecked will not be compatible with existing standards.

2008 March, Jim Cheshire, “Using Web Page Views”, in Using Microsoft Expression Web 2, special edition, Indianapolis, Ind.: Que Publishing, Pearson Education, →ISBN, page 138:

(graphical user interface, US, Canada) To remove a checkmark.


underflow

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-underflow.wav

From under- + flow, modelled on overflow.

(computing) A condition in which the value of a computed quantity is smaller than the smallest non-zero value that can be physically stored; usually treated as an error condition.

podtečení

computing: a condition in which the value of a computed quantity is smaller than the smallest non-zero value that can be physically stored

(computing) The error condition that results from an attempt to retrieve an item from an empty stack.


underflow

underflow (third-person singular simple present underflows, present participle underflowing, simple past and past participle underflowed)

underflows (present singular third-person)
underflowing (participle present)
underflowed (participle past)
underflowed (past)

(computing) To trigger the condition in which the value of a computed quantity is smaller than the smallest non-zero value that can be physically stored.


exceptionless

(programming) Without the use of an exception-handling mechanism.


queuing

en-noun

queuing (countable and uncountable, plural queuings)

(chiefly computing theory) The act of placing something in a queue.


bisection

bisection (countable and uncountable, plural bisections)


markup language

markup language (plural markup languages)

computer language
computer language#English

(computer languages) A computer language using markup.


wedged

The server seems to be wedged: it's not even responding to pings.

(computing, slang) Stuck; incapable of proceeding without help, though not having crashed.


antibot

If a bunch of bots all follow an account at the same time, or report the account as spam, this can trigger an account suspension. In this way Twitter's antispam and antibot tools are weaponized to create additional friction for the legitimate use of the service by targeted users.

2019, Nicholas Diakopoulos, Automating the News: How Algorithms Are Rewriting the Media, page 172:

(computing) Working to combat or defend against bots, especially malicious or disruptive ones.


gimped

en-adj

gimped (comparative more gimped, superlative most gimped)

more gimped (comparative)
most gimped (superlative)

(informal, computing) Modified by means of the GIMP image editor.


dithered

dithered (comparative more dithered, superlative most dithered)

more dithered (comparative)
most dithered (superlative)

Keeping in mind the minimum target configuration of 256 colours the pictures mode was changed from thousands to 256 colours. This sort of a conversion gives a very dithered look to the picture.

1995, Walter Schertler, Beat Schmid, Hannes Werthner, Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism, page 154:

Being able to apply lossy compression to parts of an image affords a whole new realm of control: only areas in an image that have a very dithered texture, such as beaches and streets, can benefit from lossy compression, as can dark areas where the human eye is less capable of distinguishing hues.

2000, Michael Baumgardt, Adobe Photoshop 5.5 Web Design with ImageReady 2 and Adobe GoLive 4, page 247:

If users have their monitors set to 16-bit and they're looking at a 24-bit color, they get a dithered color also, but the higher resolution of 16-bit versus 8-bit means that the computer can choose closer colors, so the dither doesn't look as obvious.

2006, Damon Dean, Andy Cowitt, Macromedia Studio 8 All-in-One Desk Reference For Dummies, page 206:

(computer graphics) Produced by dithering; consisting of bits in different colors placed side by side to simulate an intermediate color that is not in the palette, or the somewhat banded or mottled look that this can produce.


solid-state device

en-noun

solid-state device (plural solid-state devices)

(computing, technology) Any device which employs the electric, magnetic or optical properties of a solid, especially of semiconductors.


BSP

BSP (countable and uncountable, plural BSPs)

binary space partitioning
w:binary space partitioning

(computing) Initialism of binary space partitioning.

(computing) Initialism of board support package (“device driver”).


decompiler

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-decompiler.wav

(computer science) A computer program performing the reverse operation to that of a compiler.


decompile

en-verb

decompile (third-person singular simple present decompiles, present participle decompiling, simple past and past participle decompiled)

decompiles (present singular third-person)
decompiling (participle present)
decompiled (participle past)
decompiled (past)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-decompile.wav

(computer science) To recreate the original source code from a compiled executable.


machine code

en-noun

machine code (countable and uncountable, plural machine codes)

central processing unit
central processing unit

(computer science) A system of instructions and data directly understandable by a computer's central processing unit.

(computer science) Machine language instructions that can be executed directly by a computer's central processing unit.


debugger

6. Memorandum PDP-23, ID Invisible Debugger, August 20, 1964.

1965 January 15, J. B. Dennis, “Computer Research”, in Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics. Quarterly Progress Report, no. 76, Cambridge, Massachusetts: Research Laboratory of Electronics (RLE) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), archived from the original on 2010-07-03, page 360:

Invisible Debugger, commonly referred to as ID, a utility program in the PDP-1 time sharing system written to aid in the debugging of other programs. An advanced ID has been written (April, 1966) to allow all operations to be carried out either directly on drum fields or on running cores.

1966 May 20, MIT Electrical Engineering Department, chapter ID, in PDP-23-1, Cambridge, Massachusetts: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, archived from the original on 2011-02-18, page 1:

(programming) A computer program that helps the user to test and debug other programs, by enabling their step-by-step execution controlled by the user, setting of breakpoints, and monitoring values of variables.


linker

(software compilation) A computer program that takes one or more objects generated by compilers and assembles them into a single executable program.


PCL

Printer Command Language
w:Printer Command Language

(computing) Initialism of Printer Command Language.


Raku

Probably a clipping of rakudo, the standard compiler, from Japanese 駱駝 (rakuda, “camel”), an allusion to the traditional symbol of the Perl language.

Many programming paradigms have influenced Raku. It has started its life under the name “Perl 6” but has been renamed in 2019 to break the illusion that it is just another version of Perl.

2020, Moritz Lenz, Raku Fundamentals, 2nd edition, Apress, →ISBN, page 1:

(computer languages) A programming language derived from Perl.


POM

POM (countable and uncountable, plural POMs)

(computing) Initialism of Project Object Model.


A*

(computer science) A best-first graph search algorithm for finding a lowest-cost path to a goal.


ladder logic

(computing) A technique for describing and drawing electrical logic schematics.


BEM

Where OOCSS and SMACSS can be seen as a more of frameworks for thinking about structured CSS combined with some handy rules of thumb, BEM is a much more rigid system for how to author and name your styles. BEM is originally an application development methodology from the search engine company Yandex.

2016, Andy Budd, Emil Björklund, CSS Mastery, Apress, →ISBN, page 387:

(web design) Initialism of block, element, modifier, a convention for authoring CSS.


unsaved

I lost my unsaved work in the power cut.

(computing) Not saved (stored in a file).


output device

(computing) Any device that formats and presents data for display to a user; examples include printers and video monitors


address of record

address of record (plural addresses of record)

(computing, Internet) The SIP or SIPS URI that points to a domain with a location service that can map the URI to another URI where the user might be available, frequently thought of as the "public address" of the user.


printable

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-printable.wav

(computing) Of a text character: having a visual representation, unlike the control characters.


beachball

en-verb

beachball (third-person singular simple present beachballs, present participle beachballing, simple past and past participle beachballed)

beachballs (present singular third-person)
beachballing (participle present)
beachballed (participle past)
beachballed (past)

Is Xcode “beachballing” forever on you when we try to open a project that was working fine the day before?

2015, Magno Urbano, Troubleshooting Xcode, Apress, →ISBN, page 54:

(computing, slang, intransitive) To hang; to stop responding to user input; (used of Mac computers, where this is indicated by a spinning coloured cursor like a beach ball).

rantapalloilla

slang, Mac computing: to stop responding to user input


OAS

(computing) Initialism of OpenAPI Specification. (a specification for machine-readable interface files for describing, producing, consuming, and visualizing RESTful Web services)


handler

From Middle English handler, handiller, equivalent to handle + -er.

If the expression is a throw, we unwind the stack seeking a handler expression.

2006, Hans-Wolfgang Loidl, Trends in Functional Programming, volume 5, page 62:

(programming) A subroutine that handles a particular situation such as an event or exception.


endpoint

(networking, telecommunications) The entity at one end of a connection.

(programming) Part of a system that serves as a hook, allowing third-party code to intercept and modify behaviour at that point.


chunking

en-noun

chunking (countable and uncountable, plural chunkings)

(computing) The division of memory or data etc. into smaller units for easier processing.


desugar

en-verb

desugar (third-person singular simple present desugars, present participle desugaring, simple past and past participle desugared)

desugars (present singular third-person)
desugaring (participle present)
desugared (participle past)
desugared (past)

(transitive, programming, informal) To remove syntactic sugar from.


idempotence

Latin roots, idem (“same”) + potence (“the quality of having power”) – literally, “the quality of having the same power”. Coined by 19th century American mathematician Benjamin Peirce in context of algebra.

compound

(mathematics, computing) A quality of an action such that repetitions of the action have no further effect on the outcome; the state of being idempotent.

idempotenssi

quality of an action such that repetitions of the action have no further effect on outcome – being idempotent


MR

en-noun

MR (countable and uncountable, plural MRs)

(software engineering) Initialism of merge request.

(computing) Initialism of mixed reality.


backtracking

backtracking (countable and uncountable, plural backtrackings)

backtracking algorithm

Backtracking is used to solve problems in which a sequence of objects is chosen from a specific set so that the sequence satisfies some criterion. The classic example of the use of backtracking is the n-Queens problem.

2004, Richard E. Neapolitan, Kumarss Naimipour, Foundations of Algorithms Using C++ Pseudocode, 3rd edition, Jones & Bartlett Learning, →ISBN, page 188:

This grammar only uses tokens and rules, so there is no backtracking involved, and the grammar is a predictive parser. This is fairly typical. Many grammars work fine without backtracking, or with backtracking in just a few places.

2017, Moritz Lenz, Parsing with Perl 6 Regexes and Grammars, Apress, →ISBN, page 112:

(computer science) The act of building all possible solutions to a problem incrementally, abandoning any candidate solution if it cannot lead to a valid solution.

malavanco

computer science: building all solutions and abandoning any if it cannot lead to a valid one


readout

The computer readout was inaccurate.

(computing) The information output from a computer in a readable form.


Blender

(computer graphics) An open source, cross-platform suite of tools for the creation of 3D graphics.


noarch

RPM Package Manager
w:RPM Package Manager

(computing) Used by the RPM Package Manager to mark software packages that contain only content, such as graphics, documentation or similar data that can be used on any architecture.


droplist

(graphical user interface) A pull-down menu.


eventing

eventing (usually uncountable, plural eventings)

The concept behind eventing is fairly simple. With eventing, you have two pieces of code. For example, you might have a script that is running based on a scheduled task. That script might encounter some condition and can raise (or signal) an event, perhaps that it has completed its work. A second bit of code, perhaps a second script running on that same system, can register for events.

2011, Thomas Lee, Karl Mitschke, Mark E. Schill, Windows PowerShell 2.0 Bible:

(computing) The ability of one system or part of a program to send notifications to another, by raising events.


privatize

en-verb

privatize (third-person singular simple present privatizes, present participle privatizing, simple past and past participle privatized)

tlb

(American spelling, Oxford British English)

privatizes (present singular third-person)
privatizing (participle present)
privatized (participle past)
privatized (past)

If the compiler allocates a privatized variable to a register, it must examine whether the variable is live after the termination of the while-loop.

1997, David Sehr, Utpal Banerjee, David Gelernter, Languages and Compilers for Parallel Computing: 9th International Workshop, page 184:

(computing, transitive) To render (a variable, etc.) private in scope.


logon

Using the same logon for different systems can be a security risk.

(computing) credentials: the combination of a user's identification and password used to enter a computer.

The user's desktop is displayed shortly after logon.


computational design

(computing) The development of a computational theory of design.

(computing) The design of products and processes through the use of digital means, integrating digital technology.


ternary

From Late Latin ternārius (“consisting of three things”), from ternī (“three each”).

der

An "if…then…else" construction is called a ternary operator when it is combined in one line of a program.

(programming) Of an operator taking three operands.


ternary computer

en-noun

ternary computer (plural ternary computers)

(computing) Any computer that uses ternary logic instead of binary


Mallory

From an Anglo-Norman nickname for an unfortunate person, from Old French maleure, malheure (“unhappy, unlucky”) (whence French malheur), from mal (“bad”) + eur (“fortune”).

(cryptography, computer security) The malicious party in examples of threat scenarios. See Alice and Bob.


sortable

Borrowed from Middle French sortable; equivalent to sort + -able.

(graphical user interface) A component that allows a sequence of items to be reordered via drag and drop.


subjoin

(databases) A subordinate or secondary join.


zero-knowledge proof

zero-knowledge proof (plural zero-knowledge proofs)

Implementation of a zero-knowledge proof significantly improves the privacy and security of many systems. However, it introduces additional costs in processing power and hard drive space.

2020, Lorne Lantz, Daniel Cawrey, Mastering Blockchain, O'Reilly Media, →ISBN, page 185:

(cryptography) An interactive method for one party to prove to another that a (usually mathematical) statement is true, without revealing anything other than the veracity of the statement.

preuve à divulgation nulle de connaissance


flyby

(computer graphics) A three-dimensional animated sequence in which the camera moves past an object or scenery.


subdirectory

(computing) A directory located inside another directory.


pasteboard

pasteboard (countable and uncountable, plural pasteboards)

(computing, countable) A widget allowing multiple users to paste and share text or other items.


filmstrip

(computer graphics) A file containing a sequence of images or video frames.


fixity

fixity (countable and uncountable, plural fixities)

One may use a fixity declaration in Haskell to describe an operator's precedence and direction of associativity.

(programming) The position of an operator relative to its operand (prefix, postfix) or operands (infix).


pinhole

(networking) A port left unprotected by a firewall to allow a particular application to gain access to a service.


clickprint

(computing) The unique pattern of a person’s Internet browsing activity.


strictly better

(game theory, of a strategy) That leads to a better outcome no matter what the other player does.


hard disk

(computer hardware) One of a series of parallel magnetic recording disks in a drive unit, used for the recording and retrieval of digital information; used especially in personal computers.

(computer hardware) The unit itself, and all the disks within it.


mapper

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-mapper.wav

Throughout the Famicom's life span, Nintendo produced several ASIC mappers, which grew in capability and specialty, allowing the Famicom to break many of its own hardware rules.

2015, Nathan Altice, I Am Error: The Nintendo Family Computer/Entertainment System Platform:

(computing, electronics) A software or hardware component that performs a mapping.


cyberterrorism

Youths from California, Michigan and Israel were also found to have discussed cyberterrorism in some chat rooms and are suspected of trying to inject a malicious computer code into the Web servers that form the communications backbone of the Internet, Mr. McLaughlin said.

2001 January 15, Victoria Shannon, quoting Matt McLaughlin, “Internet Conspiracy”, in International Herald Tribune, →ISSN:

(computing) The deliberate, large-scale disruption of networks of computers, especially of computers attached to the Internet, by means of viruses etc.


plex

Ultimately from -plex, from Latin plectere

Striped volumes of mirrored plexes can survive failure of up to half of their disks.

2002, Paul Massiglia, Highly Available Storage for Windows Servers, page 60:

(computing) A designated portion of a disk, usually set up to mirror some of the contents.

If a child in a data relationship has more than one parent, the relationship cannot be described as a tree or hierarchical structure. Instead it is described as a ... plex structure.

1975, James Martin, Computer Data-Base Organization, pages 89-99:

(computing) A tree-like structure in which each child can have multiple parents.


while loop

From the keyword while used in many programming languages for this purpose.

(programming) A section of computer code in which an instruction or group of instructions is repeated only while a certain condition continues to be met.


flippy

Practical experience has shown the flippies are not a flawless or long-term solution. When a disk is flipped over, it turns in the opposite direction. In doing so, it bends the nap of the liner in the disk shell in the opposite direction […]

1989, Winn L. Rosch, The Winn Rosch Hardware Bible, page 512:


justifier

When the operator starts typing the third line, the justifier goes to work on the second.

1955, Book Production, volumes 61-62, page 43:

(computing, typography) A machine, program or algorithm that justifies text by aligning it.


iterator

Coordinate term: iteratee

(programming) A method capable of performing the same action on every item in a collection.


renderer

From Middle English renderar, equivalent to render + -er.

(computer graphics) A software or hardware process that generates a visual image from a model.

hahmonnin

computer graphics: a process that generates a visual image


config

en-verb

config (third-person singular simple present configs, present participle configing, simple past and past participle configed)

configs (present singular third-person)
configing (participle present)
configed (participle past)
configed (past)

(computing, informal, transitive) To configure.


chipset

(computing) A group of integrated circuits that are designed to work together, and are usually marketed as a single product.


object code

(computing) The output of a compiler or assembler; it is not necessarily executable directly without linking to other modules


badware

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-badware.wav


RCS

Rich Communication Services
w:Rich Communication Services

(networking) Initialism of Rich Communication Services.


RCS

(computing) Initialism of revision control system.


radio button

(graphical user interface) Any of a group of widgets in a graphical user interface that is used to select one of a group of options; the selection of any one deselects the others.

選擇鈕 /选择钮

selction button in graphical user interface


Garden of Eden

Calque of Biblical Hebrew גַּן עֵדֶן (gan ʿḗḏen).

calque

In this paper the author presents some properties regarding the existence or non-existence of gardens of Eden for the cellular automata.

1986, Patrick Chenin, Claire Di Crescenzo, François Robert, Computers and Computing: Proceedings, page 181:

I have gotten interested in Garden-of-Eden configurations in Life. All that I have been able to uncover thus far is that there are 2 know configurations:

1989 October 20, Rajeev Pandey, “hints and topics, anyone?”, in comp.theory.cell-automata (Usenet):

A configuration e not in the image of τ, namely e ∈ C \ τ[C] is called a Garden of Eden (briefly GOE) configuration, this biblical terminology being motivated by the fact that GOE configurations only appear as initial configurations.

2004, Tullio Ceccherini-Silberstein with Francesca Fiorenzi and Fabio Scarabotti, “The Garden of Eden Theorem for Cellular Automata and for Symbolic Dynamical Systems”, in Vadim A. Kaimanovich, editor, Random Walks and Geometry: Proceedings of a Workshop at the Erwin Schrödinger Institute, Vienna, June 18 - July 13, 2001, Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN, →OL:

(cellular automata) A pattern that can only exist as an initial state and is not reachable from any other state.


autocomplete

en-verb

autocomplete (third-person singular simple present autocompletes, present participle autocompleting, simple past and past participle autocompleted)

autocompletes (present singular third-person)
autocompleting (participle present)
autocompleted (participle past)
autocompleted (past)


autocomplete

Tools like spellcheck, autocomplete, and speech-to-text impose someone's ideas of the rules of English automatically—invisible authorities that we can defy but not avoid.

2019, Gretchen McCulloch, chapter 2, in Because Internet: Understanding the New Rules of Language, Riverhead Books, →ISBN:

(computing) A software feature that predicts the rest of a word a user is typing.


concurrency

en-noun

concurrency (countable and uncountable, plural concurrencies)

(computer science, by extension) A property of systems where several processes execute at the same time.

kunrulo

computer science: having several processes executing at the same time


ergodic

en-adj

ergodic (comparative more ergodic, superlative most ergodic)

more ergodic (comparative)
most ergodic (superlative)

International Scientific Vocabulary ergo- + -ode (+ -ic). The etymological origin is disputed: ἔργον (érgon) + ὁδός (hodós, “way”) versus ἔργον (érgon) + εἶδος (eîdos, “image”).

Therefore this chapter moves into two directions, cybertextually expanding (and reorganizing) the field of architextuality, and specifying the ergodic variety within it.

2012, Markku Eskelinen, Cybertext Poetics:

(literature, information science) Of or relating to a literary work that requires nontrivial effort on the reader's part to traverse.


indeterminism

en-noun

indeterminism (countable and uncountable, plural indeterminisms)

Borrowed from French indéterminisme, equivalent to in- + determinism.

In detail, an inference strategy has to deal with the following three kinds of indeterminisms: 1. the selection of the initial path, 2. the selection of the next branch B to be expanded, 3. the selection of the next linking step to be performed on B.

2003, Robert Nieuwenhuis, Andrei Voronkov, Logic for Programming, Artificial Intelligence, and Reasoning:

These indeterminisms confuse a regular bus arbiter in deciding whether a transaction should be aborted or resumed.

2008, Hamid Sarbazi-Azad, Behrooz Parhami, Seyed-Ghasem Miremadi, Advances in Computer Science and Engineering:

This parallelism brings in conflicts and directional indeterminisms which cannot be solved by the CU.

2014, M.B. Zaremba, Information Control Problems in Manufacturing Technology:

(countable, computing) A situation in which there are multiple valid options for next step in a process.


throbber

(graphical user interface) A widget consisting of a static image that animates during execution of a task.


unstring

en-verb

unstring (third-person singular simple present unstrings, present participle unstringing, simple past and past participle unstrung)

unstrings (present singular third-person)
unstringing (participle present)
unstrung (participle past)
unstrung (past)

It is also possible to save the delimiters (this might prove useful if the delimiters were also some sort of text identifier) and to count the length of the data items we are unstringing.

1980, Norman R. Lyons, Structured Cobol for Data Processing:

(transitive, computing, programming, COBOL) To split (a text string) into smaller strings by separating on a delimiter.


redraw

Redraws need to be synchronised with the screen refresh to avoid a flickery display.

(computing, graphical user interface) An update to the screen display.


algorithmics

(mathematics, computing) The subdiscipline of informatics or computer science that studies algorithms.


foreign key

(databases) A column (or group of columns) in a relational table that identifies another table, so that items in the two tables can be conceptually linked.


leaderboard

(web design) An advertisement on a web page spanning the width of the page and shallow in height.


newsreader

(computing) A program for reading and posting to newsgroups.


round robin

/ˌɹaʊnd ˈɹɒbɪn/

From round (adjective) + robin. Sense 1 (“senses relating to something with a round shape, or which goes around”) is connected with the word round, while sense 2 (“senses relating to people, animals, or plants”) is connected with some English regional senses of the word robin where it is used in the names of various fish and plants which are not related to the red-breasted bird. However, apart from the alliteration, it is not clear why the two words came to be linked together in compounds. It is possible that the term was first used to refer to sense 1.13.1 (“consecrated host”) which appears to be the earliest attested sense, and then extended to other senses either having the sense of round or robin.
Alternatively, it has been suggested that the term is a corruption of French ruban rond (literally “round ribbon”), referring to the practice in 17th-century France of signing on ribbons which were then attached to petitions of grievances in a circular manner: see sense 1.1. However, this etymology does not explain the senses of the term unrelated to a signed document.

der

(also attributive) Senses relating to something with a round shape, or which goes around.

(computing) A method of making use of several similar subsystems, assigning tasks to each of them in turn (for example, sending data to a destination down several communication links in turn to achieve greater combined speed).


spray

en-noun

spray (countable and uncountable, plural sprays)

→ Esperanto: spraji

→ Turkish: sprey

From Middle Dutch sprāien, sprayen, spraeyen (“to spray, sprinkle, spread”), ultimately from Proto-Germanic *sprēwijaną (“to spray, sprinkle”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)per- (“to sow, scatter”).
Cognate with Middle High German spræjen, spræwen (“to squirt, spray, dust, splash, straw”), Danish dialectal språe (“to open up, burst forth”), Swedish dialectal språ (“to sprout, shoot forth, burst”), Norwegian dialectal spra, spræ (“to splash, splatter, spout, burst forth”), Dutch sproeien (“to spray, sprinkle”), German sprühen (“to spray, sparkle”).

der

This approach would be altered for an optimal omelette based exploit. One would spray the heap with the omelette code solely, then load a single copy of the additional shellcode eggs into memory outside the target region for the spray.

2015, Herbert Bos, Fabian Monrose, Gregory Blanc, Research in Attacks, Intrusions, and Defenses: 18th International Symposium:

(computing, countable) The allocation and filling of blocks of memory with the same byte sequence, hoping to establish that sequence in a certain predetermined location as part of an exploit.


spray

en-verb

spray (third-person singular simple present sprays, present participle spraying, simple past and past participle sprayed)

sprays (present singular third-person)
spraying (participle present)
sprayed (participle past)
sprayed (past)

to spray the heap of a target process

(transitive, computing, computer security) To allocate blocks of memory from (a heap, etc.), and fill them with the same byte sequence, hoping to establish that sequence in a certain predetermined location as part of an exploit.


formatted

(computing, of a storage medium) That has been physically arranged to be in a state ready for the storage of data


macrosystem

(computing) A programming system in which small constructs (macros) represent groups of machine instructions.


inlining

(computing, programming) An instance of in-line expansion.


extern

Short for external; used as a keyword in these programming languages.

Finally, get rid of the two function declarations and two externs that we added at the top of TEFIL.CPP so that we could support file_open().

1995, Martin L. Rinehart, Learn C++ Today!, page 552:

This is probably the big thing with C++, the more you can avoid global concepts and nasty externs the better, an object/class should be totally self-contained.

2018, Brian Beuken, The Fundamentals of C/C++ Game Programming:

(programming) In the C and C++ programming languages, a variable that can be separately declared in many places, all of them referring to the same variable.


cast away

cast away (third-person singular simple present casts away, present participle casting away, simple past and past participle cast away)

casts away (present singular third-person)
casting away (participle present)
cast away (participle past)
cast away (past)

If you want to change a class member inside a const member function, the traditional approach is to cast away constness by saying (X*)this.

1995, Embedded Systems Programming, volume 8, page 180:

(computing, programming, transitive) To eliminate by means of a cast operation.


full screen

Most computer games are played in full screen mode.

(computing, graphical user interface) Of a window occupying all the available display surface of a screen.

plná obrazovka

occupying all the available displayable surface


fullscreen

fullscreen (third-person singular simple present fullscreens, present participle fullscreening, simple past and past participle fullscreened)

fullscreens (present singular third-person)
fullscreening (participle present)
fullscreened (participle past)
fullscreened (past)

(computing, graphical user interface) To make a window occupy the entire screen.


session data

(computing) The set of session variables held on a server that allow the continuation of a conversation with the client without the need to continually reinput data.


batch process

(computing) A series of commands or programs that are executed without human intervention; the execution of such a series.


FRP

en-noun

FRP (countable and uncountable, plural FRPs)

More recently, FRP has been implemented in a language called Elm by Evan Czaplicki, targeting JavaScript.

2014, Dean Wampler, Alex Payne, Programming Scala, O'Reilly Media, →ISBN, page 448:

functional reactive programming
w:functional reactive programming

(programming) Initialism of functional reactive programming.


prestate

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-prestate.wav

(computer science) The state that exists before an operation.


magnetologic

(physics, computing) Describing a device that uses magnetism to perform the logical operations normally performed using electronics


NDP

Neighbour Discovery Protocol
w:Neighbour Discovery Protocol

(computing) Initialism of Neighbour Discovery Protocol.

Nortel Discovery Protocol
w:Nortel Discovery Protocol

(computing) Initialism of Nortel Discovery Protocol.


committer

(computing) A person who is authorized to make changes to source code or other material in a repository.


speed loader

(computing, dated) A software technique for loading programs (e.g. from cassette tape) more quickly than normally possible.


exponentiate

en-verb

exponentiate (third-person singular simple present exponentiates, present participle exponentiating, simple past and past participle exponentiated)

exponentiates (present singular third-person)
exponentiating (participle present)
exponentiated (participle past)
exponentiated (past)

Ultimately from exponent. Perhaps from exponentiation.

(computing) To apply a mathematical exponentiation function.


kingmaker

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-kingmaker.wav

/ˈkɪŋˌmeɪkɚ/

Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick
Tewkesbury Abbey
Wars of the Roses

From king + maker, originally used in the 16th century in “Warwick the Kingmaker”, an epithet of Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick (1428–1471), a key figure in the Wars of the Roses whose actions led to King Henry VI being deposed in 1461 and Edward IV appointed in his place, then Edward IV being replaced by Henry VI again in 1470.

(by extension, game theory) A player who is unable to win but powerful enough to decide which of the other viable players will eventually win.


file system

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-file system.wav

(computing) A method of organizing blocks of data on a storage device into files and directories.

фа́йлова систе́ма

(computing): method of organizing blocks

(computing) A set of blocks that are organized in this way.


ASR

speech recognition
speech recognition#English

(computer science) Initialism of automatic/automated speech recognition.


desktop picture

en-noun

desktop picture (plural desktop pictures)

(computing) A picture displayed on a computer's desktop as a background behind windows and other user interface elements.


tunable

If you are working with TCP, some specific tunables are also available. By default, some TCP tunables have a value that is too low.

2013, Sander van Vugt, Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 Administration: Real World Skills for Red Hat Administrators:

(computing) A setting that can be configured.


data flow

data flow (countable and uncountable, plural data flows)

(computing) The route between origin, via nodes, to a destination taken by a packet of data

(computing) The transfer of data between the components of a computer


adicity

From -adic (taken from monadic/dyadic/triadic [function/operator]) + -ity, or alternatively from -ad (taken from monad/duad/triad) + -icity. Compare Latinate equivalent arity, based on -ary.

1997, Robert W. Burch, 13: Peirce's Reduction Thesis, Nathan Houser, Don D. Roberts, James Van Evra (editor), Studies in the Logic of Charles Sanders Peirce, Indiana University Press, page 233,
Equivalently, it says that all relations of adicity greater than 3 may be reduced to relations of adicities 1, 2, and/or 3. The negative component of the Thesis says, first, that relations of adicity 2 may not in general be constructed from (reduced to) relations exclusively of adicity 1; and, second, that relations of adicity 3 and greater may not in general be constructed from (equivalently: reduced to) relations exclusively of adicities 1 and/or 2.

What can be predicted is that the adicity of any syntactic predicate is the same: since its adicity is a grammatical and not a thematic fact, semantic differences between predicates cannot affect their grammatical structure.

2004, Susan Rothstein, Predicates and Their Subjects, Springer, page 47:

2007, Helier J. Robinson, Relation Philosophy of Mathematics, Science, and Mind, Sharebooks Publishing, 2nd Edition, page 68,
We have seen that every relation, without exception, necessarily has a term set, and the necessary properties of simplicity and an adicity: relations without these are impossible, merely nominal.

(logic, mathematics, computer science) The number of arguments or operands a function or operation takes. For a relation, the number of domains in the corresponding Cartesian product.


wall clock

In recent years a consensus has been reached among many scientists in the field that the most relevant measure of run time is actual wall-clock elapsed time.

1996, Roger W. Hockney, The Science of Computer Benchmarking, SIAM, →ISBN, pages 19–20:

(computing) The measure of wall time, the actual amount of time taken from the start to the end of an operation.


inedita

1885–1890, New Latin, from Latin inēdita, neuter plural of inēditus, from in- (“not”) + ēditus (neuter plural ēdita), perfect form of ēdō (“publish, put forth”) (as in English edition), from ē (“out”) (from ēx) + dō (“give”), all from Proto-Indo-European roots.
Various Romance cognates such as French inédit and Italian inedito.

EtymOnLine

Douglas Harper (2001–2025) “inedita”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.

Nos. 3110-3136 are from the area of Phygela Marathesion; in this section there are 10 inedita; one of them may well come from Melos (cf. our lemma no. 743); another is of unknown provenance (cf. our lemma no. 1580).

1981, Supplementum Epigraphicum Graecum, J. C. Giebum, page 243:

(bibliography) Unpublished literary works.


reflectively

en-adv

reflectively (comparative more reflectively, superlative most reflectively)

more reflectively (comparative)
most reflectively (superlative)

In JIT compilation, the running program is reflectively modified by an embedded compiler, which only uses two reflective operations […]

2024, Egon Börger, Vincenzo Gervasi, Structures of Computing: A Guide to Practice-Oriented Theory (page 108)


parity bit

(computing) A bit (binary digit) used to indicate whether the number of bits in a given set with value of one is even or odd. Parity bits are used as a simple error detection code.


declarative

[dɪˈklɛɹəɾɪv]

[dɪˈklæɹəɾɪv]

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-declarative.wav

(programming) That declares a construct.

(programming) A way of programming that is most akin to just stating what is wanted, rather than having to describe how to do it. Declarative programming


main memory

en-noun

main memory (countable and uncountable, plural main memories)

(computing) The primary volatile memory of a computer, not including memory cache, persistent disk storage, or external storage.


query language

(databases, programming) Any of several generalized computer languages in which users may extract data from selected records in a database


recommit

(programming) A second or subsequent commit.


repopulate

en-verb

repopulate (third-person singular simple present repopulates, present participle repopulating, simple past and past participle repopulated)

repopulates (present singular third-person)
repopulating (participle present)
repopulated (participle past)
repopulated (past)

to repopulate a grid

(computing) To fill with data again; to refresh.


RPN

reverse Polish notation
reverse Polish notation#English

(computing) Initialism of reverse Polish notation.


LSA

en-noun

LSA (countable and uncountable, plural LSAs)

latent semantic analysis
latent semantic analysis#English

(computing) Initialism of latent semantic analysis.


interoperable

From interoperate + -able; alternatively inter- + operable.

Patents exist as incentive for inventors to reveal the workings of their inventions; to receive a patent, you must provide the patent office with a functional description of your invention, which is then published. Even though others may not copy your invention during the patent period, they can study your patent filings and use them to figure out how to do the same thing in different ways, or how to make an interoperable add-on to your invention.

2020 September 7, Cory Doctorow, “IP”, in Locus Magazine:

2022, October 13, Binyamin Applebaum, "It Shouldn’t Matter So Much Whether Elon Musk Buys Twitter", The New York Times
A person with a Gmail account can send messages to a person with a Yahoo account because email systems are interoperable.

(computing) (of a system or device) Able to communicate, and exchange data with another system or device.


roll over

en-verb

roll over (third-person singular simple present rolls over, present participle rolling over, simple past and past participle rolled over)

rolls over (present singular third-person)
rolling over (participle present)
rolled over (participle past)
rolled over (past)

In this task, you'll revisit the button symbol so that it reacts when the user rolls over it.

2004, Shaowen Bardzell, Jeffrey Bardzell, Macromedia Studio MX 2004:

(transitive, computing) To move the cursor over.


laser printer

(computer hardware) A computer printer that uses a laser beam to produce an image on a rotating drum before transferring it to the paper.


decidable

en-adj

decidable (comparative more decidable, superlative most decidable)

more decidable (comparative)
most decidable (superlative)

It is easy to show that the set of even numbers is decidable by creating the relevant Turing machine.

(computer science) describing a set for which there exists an algorithm that will determine whether any element is or is not within the set in a finite amount of time.


ONU

Coordinate term: ONT

optical network unit
w:Optical Network Unit

(networking) Initialism of optical network unit.


raster graphics

(computing) A data file or structure representing a generally rectangular grid of pixels, or points of colour, on a computer monitor, paper, or other display medium.


FIOA

(computing) Initialism of fetch instruction operand address.


playlist

/ˈpɫæɪ̯ˌɫɪst/

When you collect a group of MIDIs into an album, you can play them much like a CD, with repeat mode, random mode, and a programmed playlist.

1998, Judi N. Fernandez, WAVs, MIDIs & RealAudio: Enjoying Sound on Your Computer:

Strangers constructed playlists that pulled from artists and albums you’d never heard of, but without the performative high/low-ness that afflicts so much online music talk.

2015 November 17, Robinson Meyer, “A Eulogy for Rdio”, in The Atlantic:

I hadn't spoken to her in a year, but she could still see my listens on the music platform we both used. I still went to those playlists for solace. A sense of collective understanding. We had stockpiled our youth.

2020, Emily Segal, Mercury Retrograde, New York: Deluge Books, →ISBN:

No past, just traces / Nowhere to play, just playlists

2021, “Skyline”, in Parallel World, performed by Cadence Weapon:

(computing) A list of tracks or videos to be played in a particular sequence, as from an audio CD or a streaming service.


refactoring

en-noun

refactoring (countable and uncountable, plural refactorings)

(programming) An act or process in which code is refactored.


compilate

en-verb

compilate (third-person singular simple present compilates, present participle compilating, simple past and past participle compilated)

compilates (present singular third-person)
compilating (participle present)
compilated (participle past)
compilated (past)

Semantically from Old French compiler (early 14c.), equivalent to Latin compīlō + -ate (verb-forming suffix).

af

(rare, computing) To use a compiler to process source code and produce executable code.


compilate

From Latin compīlō + -ate (noun-forming suffix).

(rare, computing) An act of compiling code.


blanker

These screen blankers prevent phosphor burn on your screen, which is always a danger when you leave the screen on too long.

1987, Howard Bornstein, Under the Apple, page 221:

(computing) An early form of screensaver that blanked out the screen display when it was not in use.


slot-loading disc drive

en-noun

slot-loading disc drive (plural slot-loading disc drives)


feed drive

(computing) A drive mechanism for CD-ROMs etc in which no tray is used; the medium is inserted in a slot and is pulled in


learning content management system

learning content management system (plural learning content management systems)

learning content management systems (plural)

(computing) A software system for the creation, management and transfer of learning content.


attributed

This attribute is used to declare in metadata that the attributed method or class requires SocketPermission of the declared form.

2003, Peter Drayton, Ben Albahari, Ted Neward, C# in a Nutshell, page 536:

(programming) decorated with an attribute


petaflop

...a better machine is a petaflop machine. A petaflop is a quadrillion flops, a quadrillion floating-point operations per second, so a petaflop machine is a thousand times as fast as a teraflop machine, or a million times as fast as a Cray Y-MP8. The petaflop machine will exist by the year 2000, or soon afterward.

1992 March 2, Richard Preston, “The Mountains of Pi”, in The New Yorker:

units of measure
units of measure#English

floating point operations
floating point operation#English

(computing) Either of two units of measure of the calculating speed of a computer:

a quadrillion (10¹⁵) floating point operations per second.

First computer to surpass the 1 Petaflop (2⁵⁰ FLOPS) barrier [in 2008]

2012 Fall, Edgar Gabriel, COSC 6374 — Parallel Computation: Introduction and Organizational Issues, slide 20: “IBM Roadrunner”

1,125,899,906,842,624 (2⁵⁰) floating point operations per second.


teraflop

The gigaflop supercomputers of today are almost useless. What is needed is a teraflop machine. That’s a machine that can run at a trillion flops, a trillion floating-point operations per second, or roughly a thousand times as fast as Cray Y-MP8. One such design for teraflop machine, by Monty Denneau at I.B.M., will be a parallel supercomputer in the form of a twelve-foot wide box. You want to have at least sixty-four thousand processors in the machine, each of which has the power of a Cray. And the processors will be joined by a network that has the total switching capacity of the entire telephone network in the United States. I think a teraflop machine will exist by 1993. Now, a better machine is a petaflop machine. A petaflop is a quadrillion flops, a quadrillion floating-point operations per second, so a petaflop machine is a thousand times as fast as a teraflop machine, or a million times as fast as a Cray Y-MP8. The petaflop machine will exist by the year 2000, or soon afterward.

floating-point operation
floating-point operation

(computing) A unit of computing power equal to one trillion (10¹²) floating-point operations per second.


oversubscribe

en-verb

oversubscribe (third-person singular simple present oversubscribes, present participle oversubscribing, simple past and past participle oversubscribed)

oversubscribes (present singular third-person)
oversubscribing (participle present)
oversubscribed (participle past)
oversubscribed (past)

(programming) To use the oversubscription technique in multithreading.

(networking) To use the oversubscription technique in a computer network.


machine-readable

en-adj

machine-readable (comparative more machine-readable, superlative most machine-readable)

more machine-readable (comparative)
most machine-readable (superlative)

machine-readable dictionary

An ASCII text file may not be considered machine-readable if its contents do not follow a predictable, well-defined structure.

(computing) Organised or formatted in a way that permits unambiguous interpretation by a program.


autoformat

en-verb

autoformat (third-person singular simple present autoformats, present participle autoformatting, simple past and past participle autoformatted)

autoformats (present singular third-person)
autoformatting (participle present)
autoformatted (participle past)
autoformatted (past)

(computing, transitive) To format (a document, etc.) automatically.

(computing, transitive) To automatically prepare (a mass storage medium) for initial use, erasing any existing data in the process, without requiring a prompt from the user to do so.


hit point

The in/out status for the hit point is determined by examining the loop which has the subelement (edge or vertex) closest to the hit point.

1991, Michael John Muuss, Lee A. Butler, “Combinatorial Solid Geometry, Boundary Representations, and n-Manifold Geometry”, in David F. Rogers, Rae A. Earnshaw, editors, State of the Art in Computer Graphics: Visualization and Modeling, New York, N.Y.: Springer-Verlag, →ISBN, page 213:

(computer graphics) In ray tracing, the point in a scene at which a ray strikes an object.


tombstoning

(computing) The process of (automatically) initiating software sleep mode on an app.


hyperinnovation

(computing) A state of multidimensional interconnections (as in hyperlink or hypertext).


teleprocessing

(dated, computing) The exchange of data between computers, or between a central computer and terminals, via telecommunications links; data communications


PIT

en-noun

PIT (countable and uncountable, plural PITs)

(computing) Initialism of programmable interval timer.


dirty code

That software has dirty code and we should not use it.

(computing, derogatory) Software code that has had many editors with conflicting styles, making it nearly impossible to maintain.


third-party

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-third-party.wav

a third-party video game; a third-party character; third-party hardware

(computing, hardware, software) Of products, created or published by an independent publisher or manufacturer or its internal development teams, as opposed to first-party and second-party.


B-tree

(computing) An indexed data structure suitable for storage of a large number of items in a balanced fashion, with very few disk accesses required for locating the correct record block.


redevelop

en-verb

redevelop (third-person singular simple present redevelops, present participle redeveloping, simple past and past participle redeveloped)

redevelops (present singular third-person)
redeveloping (participle present)
redeveloped (participle past)
redeveloped (past)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-redevelop.wav

to redevelop an unsuccessful product for relaunch

(transitive) To develop again or differently.

(software, transitive) To reprogram (an app).

To develop again or differently.
To reprogram (an app).


Mbps

(computing) megabit per second, a measure of data transfer rate


jack in

jack in (third-person singular simple present jacks in, present participle jacking in, simple past and past participle jacked in)

jacks in (present singular third-person)
jacking in (participle present)
jacked in (participle past)
jacked in (past)

(music recording, computing, electronics) To insert an electronic coupling into a receptacle; to connect to something, whether involving a physical medium or not.


edgeware

en-noun

edgeware (countable and uncountable, plural edgewares)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-edgeware.wav

(software, computing, uncountable) Computer software that is noticeably cutting-edge, that is, significantly innovative, either by taking a totally new approach to a task or by creating a completely new class of application or completely new class of software.


fractionate

en-verb

fractionate (third-person singular simple present fractionates, present participle fractionating, simple past and past participle fractionated)

fractionates (present singular third-person)
fractionating (participle present)
fractionated (participle past)
fractionated (past)

From fraction + -ate (verb-forming suffix).

(cryptography) To divide each plaintext symbol into several ciphertext symbols as a preliminary stage of encryption.


DAG

en-noun

DAG (countable and uncountable, plural DAGs)

directed acyclic graph
directed acyclic graph#English

(computer science, mathematics) Acronym of directed acyclic graph.


materialization

materialization (countable and uncountable, plural materializations)

From material + -ization and materialize + -ation.

(databases) The creation of a temporary table containing the results of a database query.


programmatically

From programmatic + -ally or programmatical + -ly.

To force a window to repaint itself programmatically, you call the inherited Invalidate() method[…]

2010, Andrew Troelsen, Pro C# 2010 and the .NET 4 Platform, page 1551:

Mark-up coding was programmatically added to identify certain data types from others, for example, headwords and citations.

2018, James Lambert, “Setting the Record Straight: An In-depth Examination of Hobson-Jobson”, in International Journal of Lexicography, volume 31, number 4, →DOI, page 489:

(programming) Through program code, rather than through a user interface.


tristate

The 4 input ports are simply tristates that can be addressed to enable the data from any one of them to be read by the standard input port of the printer interface.

2000, John Blankenship, C is for Control:

Configuration options that control the build process are either Booleans or tristates.

2010, Robert Love, Linux Kernel Development, page 14:

(programming) A variable, etc. that can take any of three distinct values.


'bot

For mudders like myself (an AI researcher), ’bots and their associated likely behavior patterns are old hat. I tend to expect that random characters on a mud might be ’bots, and tend to know how to tell (generally, even the best ’bots or other AI programs fall victim to very simple conversational gambits, such as topical conversation, slang, or a conversation requiring a complicated discourse model such as reference to subjects more than a couple exchanges in the past).

1993, Leonard N. Foner, “What's an Agent, Anyway? A Sociological Case Study”, in MIT Media Lab, archived from the original on 2022-12-09:


canonicalization

canonicalization (countable and uncountable, plural canonicalizations)

(mathematics, computing) standardization, normalization


cloud computing

(informal, computing) Computing services provided over the Internet (or "cloud"), whereby shared resources, software, and information are provided to computers and other devices on demand.

حَوْسَبَة سَحَابِيَّة

computing services provided over the Internet


utility computing

(computing) A form of computing in which the computer resources are consumed like a traditional utility (water, electricity, gas).


pullback

(category theory) The limit of a cospan: a Cartesian square or “pullback square”.

(category theory) Within a Cartesian square (which has a pair of divergent morphisms and a pair of convergent morphisms) the divergent morphism which is directly opposite to a given one of the convergent morphisms, said to be “along” the convergent morphism which is between that pair of opposite morphisms. (The pullback is said to be “of” the given morphism.)


reentrant

The global interpreter lock of the embedded scripting engine is not reentrant.

(programming, of a mutex) Such that the corresponding lock can be reacquired by the locking thread.

Global variables must not be altered by reentrant code.

Actor serialization […]might even lead to possible deadlock. To mitigate that risk, there's an important exception to actor serialization: actors are reentrant. This means that when an actor itself says await, then while the actor's code is waiting, its members can be accessed from outside the actor using await.

2021, Matt Neuburg, iOS 15 Programming Fundamentals with Swift, 8th edition, O'Reilly, →ISBN, page 386:

(programming) That may be executed more than once at a time either by different threads, or because of recursion.


tiling

tiling (countable and uncountable, plural tilings)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-tiling.wav

(computing theory) A technique for optimizing loops by partitioning the iteration space into smaller chunks or blocks that will more easily fit in a cache.


hypothesizer

(computing) Any of several systems that attempt to make educated guesses from incomplete information.


arithmetic operation

arithmetic operation (plural arithmetic operations)

Although Equation 2.45 looks simple, it involves more arithmetic operations as compared to Equations 2.36 and 2.38.

2000, Chang Shu, Differential Quadrature and Its Application in Engineering, Springer, page 38:

A key feature of the IEEE standard is that it requires correctly rounded operations, specifically:
• correctly rounded arithmetic operations (add, subtract, multiply, divide);
• correctly rounded remainder and square root operations;
• correctly rounded format conversions.

2001, Michael L. Overton, Numerical Computing with IEEE Floating Point Arithmetic, SIAM, page 31:

PHP enables you to do arithmetic operations on numbers. You indicate arithmetic operations with two numbers and an arithmetic operator. For instance, one operator is the plus (+) sign, so you can indicate an arithmetic operation like this:
1 + 2

2013, Steve Suehring, Janet Valade, PHP, MySQL, JavaScript & HTML5 All-in-One For Dummies, John Wiley & Sons, page 289:

(arithmetic, computing) Any one of the four basic operations in arithmetic: addition, subtraction, multiplication or division; any one of said operations as implemented on a computer.

aritmetika operacio

any one of the four basic operations in arithmetic


trackball

(computing) A pointing device consisting of a ball housed in a socket


atrous

Atrous convolution allows us to explicitly control the resolution.

The new approach is executed by using atrous and gabor wavelets that work effectively on image and video.

2008, Sharon Priya, A. Srinivasan, “Image and Video Denoising by Sparse 3-D Transform Domain Using Atrous and Gabor Wavelets”, in Proceedings Second International Conference on Information Processing, page 87:

In order to further illustrate the effect of "atrous" convolution, we compare it with standard convolution using a simple example in Figure 4.

2019, Qi Wang, Learning to Understand Remote Sensing Images, page 158:

As the frameworks based on atrous convolution and ASPP module have proved their success, we implement an encoder with similar structure of [5], using a pretrained ResNetV2 as backbone network.

2019, Guanhong Zhang, Muyi Sun, Xiaoguang Zhou, “Sub-pixel Upsampling Decode Network for Semantic Segmentation”, in Artificial Intelligence, page 18:

(computing, uncommon) dilated (used when describing convolutions) https://arxiv.org/pdf/1606.00915.pdf


block dump

(computing) An image that contains the sectors read from an original floppy disk or optical disc.


walkthrough

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-walkthrough.wav

software engineering
software engineering

(software engineering) The process of inspecting algorithms and source code by following paths through the algorithms or code as determined by input conditions and choices made along the way.

läpikävely

(software engineering) process of inspecting algorithms and source code


sporge

en-verb

sporge (third-person singular simple present sporges, present participle sporging, simple past and past participle sporged)

sporges (present singular third-person)
sporging (participle present)
sporged (participle past)
sporged (past)

On September 19'th of last year the crooks started sporging other news groups with neo-Nazi and White Supremist text farmed from other news groups.

1999 June 25, Fredric L. Rice, “WHAT IS THIS STRANGE LANGUAGE ?!”, in alt.religion.scientology (Usenet):

(intransitive, transitive, computing) To engage in sporgery; to post a flood of articles to a Usenet newsgroup, the article headers having been falsified so as to make the articles appear to have been posted by people other than the true poster.


unprotect

unprotect (third-person singular simple present unprotects, present participle unprotecting, simple past and past participle unprotected)

unprotects (present singular third-person)
unprotecting (participle present)
unprotected (participle past)
unprotected (past)

Nobody can edit the accounting spreadsheet until you unprotect it.

Caution: When you successfully open a protected file, you’ve just unprotected it. After working with that document and closing it again, you must re-protect it if you still consider it confidential.

2000, David Pogue, “Icon Management”, in Mac OS 9: The Missing Manual, Sebastopol, Calif.: Pogue Press/O’Reilly & Associates, Inc., published 2002, →ISBN, page 50:

(computing, transitive) To remove protection from.


underrun

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-underrun.wav

(computing) A condition in which the read/write buffer is fed with data at a slower rate than required; a buffer underrun.


soft redirect

I decided to leave a soft redirect explaining why the website had been moved.

(computing) An indication to a user that what they requested may be found elsewhere.


unary operator

(algebra, computing) A symbol representing unary operation; an operator taking one operand.


binary operator

en-noun

binary operator (plural binary operators)

The "four rules": +, −, × and ÷ are examples of binary operators.

(algebra, computing) A symbol representing binary operation; an operator taking two operands.


lerp

(mathematics, computing) Abbreviation of linear interpolation.


lerp

en-verb

lerp (third-person singular simple present lerps, present participle lerping, simple past and past participle lerped)

lerps (present singular third-person)
lerping (participle present)
lerped (participle past)
lerped (past)

(mathematics, computing) To interpolate linearly.


syntactic sugar

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-syntactic sugar.wav

Attributed to British computer scientist Peter Landin.

Coordinate term: syntactic salt

In fact, this is how lists are actually built, by consing all elements to the empty list, []. The commas-and-brackets notation is just syntactic sugar, a more pleasant way to write code. So [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] is exactly equivalent to 1:2:3:4:5:[]. ᵂᴮ

programming language
programming language

(programming) Additions to the syntax of a programming language that make code easier for humans to read or write, but that do not change the functionality or expressiveness of the language.


fiber bundle

Coined as fibre bundle by American mathematician Norman Steenrod in 1951, The Topology of Fibre Bundles. The related usages fiber and fiber space probably derive (as calques respectively of German Faser and gefaserter Räume) from 1933, Herbert Seifert, “Topologie dreidimensionaler gefaserter Räume,” Acta Mathematica, 60, (1933), 147-238.

A Möbius strip is a fiber bundle which looks locally (i.e., over a connected proper subset of its base space) like the corresponding part of a cylinder S¹#92;times#91;0,1#93; (a Möbius strip and a cylinder have isomorphic base spaces). A Klein bottle is a fiber bundle which looks locally like the corresponding part of a torus S¹#92;timesS¹ (again they could be thought of as sharing the same base space S¹; cutting out even a single point of that base space makes the cut Klein bottle isomorphic to the cut torus).

In general, a fiber bundle consists of a set of mutually disjoint fibers “over” a base space, which indexes the fibers; there is a copy of some fiber on top of, or projecting (“canonically”) onto each point of the base space.

In the 1960s, some physicists including E. Lubkin and A. Trautman recognized that interaction potentials can be represented by connections on principal fiber bundles. In 1975, T. T. Wu and C. N. Yang used the fiber bundle method to solve a problem on magnetic monopoles.

1995, Sunny Y. Auyang, How is Quantum Field Theory Possible?, Oxford University Press, page 214:

One proposed general model for high-level scientific data uses fiber bundles, which Butler and Pendley [22] proposed in 1989.[…] A fiber bundle is the Cartesian product of the fibers and the base space; in other words, it is the collection of valid data ranges for the base space.

2001, John M. May, Parallel I/O for High Performance Computing, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, page 236:

Finding the right notion of fiber bundle for diffeology [Igl85] has been a question raised by the study of the irrational torus T#95;#92;alpha [Dolg85].

2013, Patrick Iglesias-Zemmour, Diffeology, American Mathematical Society, page 229:

(American spelling, topology, category theory) An abstract object in topology where copies of one object are "attached" to every point of another, as hairs or fibers are attached to a hairbrush. Formally, a topological space E (called the total space), together with a topological space B (called the base space), a topological space F (called the fiber), and surjective map π from E to B (called the projection or submersion), such that every point of B has a neighborhood U with π⁻¹(U) homeomorphic to the product space U × F (that is, E looks locally the same as the product space B × F, although its global structure may be quite different).

Herbert Seifert
Norman Steenrod
Project Euclid
fiber bundle


script editor

This script editor allows you to edit and run macros to extend the environment using either VB Script or JavaScript.

2007, Bill Evjen, Kent Sharkey, Thiru Thangarathinam, Professional XML, page 46:

(computing) A software program or feature for editing source code.


lemmatiser

(computing) A program or function that attempts to find the lemma that corresponds to an inflected word


lemmatisation

en-noun

lemmatisation (countable and uncountable, plural lemmatisations)

(computing, lexicography) The process of finding the lemma that corresponds to an inflected form of a word.


emulable

en-adj

emulable (comparative more emulable, superlative most emulable)

more emulable (comparative)
most emulable (superlative)

...these processes are emulable in principle...

1988, Ian Graham, Peter Llewelyn Jones, Expert Systems: Knowledge, Uncertainty, and Decision:

On the other hand, this evidence may provide grounds for hope that higher-level processes may be measurable (in part, at least) and, hence, emulable.

1994, Daniel S Levine, Manuel Aparicio, Neural Networks for Knowledge Representation and Inference:

(computing, nonstandard) That can be emulated.


passkey

Based on FIDO standards, passkeys are a replacement for passwords that provide faster, easier, and more secure sign-ins to websites and apps across a user's devices. Unlike passwords, passkeys are always strong and phishing-resistant. Passkeys simplify account registration for apps and websites, are easy to use, work across most of a user's devices, and even work on other devices within physical proximity. Why passkeys? Passwords are a problem.

2023, FIDO Alliance, “Passkeys: accelerating the availability of simpler, stronger passwordless sign-ins”, in FIDO Alliance, retrieved 2023-05-03:

Sign in with passkeys on iPhone / Passkeys give you a simple and secure way to sign in without passwords by relying on Face ID (supported models) or Touch ID (supported models) to identify you when you sign in to supporting websites and apps. / Intro to passkeys / Based on industry standards for account authentication, passkeys are easier to use than passwords and far more secure. A passkey is a cryptographic entity that's not visible to you, and it's used in place of a password. A passkey consists of a key pair, which—compared to a password—profoundly improves security. One key is public, registered with the website or app you're using. The other key is private, held only by your devices.

2023, Apple Inc., iPhone User Guide, retrieved 2023-05-03, iOS 16:

Google is starting to nudge users to try out passkeys, a replacement for traditional passwords that can stop phishing attacks and make sign-ins easier.

2023 May 3, Michael Kan, “Go passwordless: Google accounts now support passkey sign-ins”, in PCMag, retrieved 2023-05-03:

en:login credential instead of passwords

(computing, especially since the 2020s) A cryptographic key that is tied to specific devices or cloud accounts and is meant to be used instead of a password.

The router then generates a random numeric passkey and delivers it to the user […]

2007, Harold F Tipton, Micki Krause, Information Security Management Handbook:

en:login credential synonymous with password


preflight

a CORS preflight request

(computing) Serving to confirm that requests can be accepted, before sending an actual request.


query processing

(computing) Processing of a specific set of instructions for extracting particular data.

(databases) Processing to extract data from a database and present it for use.


multitasking

(computing) The simultaneous execution of multiple tasks (programs) under the control of an interrupt-driven operating system.

multitasca

simultaneous execution of multiple tasks (computing)


paging

en-noun

paging (countable and uncountable, plural pagings)

(computing) A transfer of pages between main memory and an auxiliary store, such as hard disk drive.


multitask

en-verb

multitask (third-person singular simple present multitasks, present participle multitasking, simple past and past participle multitasked)

multitasks (present singular third-person)
multitasking (participle present)
multitasked (participle past)
multitasked (past)

From multi- + task. The adjectival sense in computing first appears c. 1965 in the publications of B.I. Witt. The verbal sense first appears c. 1986 in the Daily Telegraph.

(computing) To schedule and execute multiple tasks (program) simultaneously; control being passed from one to the other using interrupts.

realizar múltiples tareas simultáneamente


multiprocessor

(computer hardware) A computer that has multiple CPUs or execution units under an integrated control.


JBOD

(computing, humorous) Acronym of Just a Bunch of Disks (a collection of hard disks that are not configured according to RAID.)

Just a Bunch of Disks

(computing, by extension) A hard disk enclosure for several disks, especially one lacking a RAID controller.


service set identifier

en-noun

service set identifier (plural service set identifiers)

(networking) a code that identifies the network to which packets on a wireless network belong


SSID

service set identifier
service set identifier#English

(networking) Initialism of service set identifier.


bit-count integrity

(networking) The condition of a copy of a message having the same number of bits as the source message.

(networking) The condition of a data stream having a consistent, fixed bitrate.


scroll wheel

(computing) A hard plastic or rubbery disc on a computer mouse, used for scrolling.


WIA

Windows Image Acquisition
w:Windows Image Acquisition

(computing) Initialism of Windows Image Acquisition.


reseed

en-verb

reseed (third-person singular simple present reseeds, present participle reseeding, simple past and past participle reseeded)

reseeds (present singular third-person)
reseeding (participle present)
reseeded (participle past)
reseeded (past)

The game reseeded its random number algorithm with a time-based value each time the game was restarted.

(computing) To reset the input of an algorithm so as to ensure different results.


mks

(computing) Initialism of mouse, keyboard, screen.


markdown

Deverbal from mark down. The computing sense is a pun on markup (language).

By using markdown, you can get other non-tech savvy contributors to easily write posts for your blog.

2020, Antonio Melé, Django 3 By Example […] , 3rd edition, Packt Publishing Ltd, →ISBN, page 74:

(computing) Alternative letter-case form of Markdown, a lightweight markup language.


data communications

(computing) The movement of data between computers, or between central computers (especially mainframes) and remote terminals.


data compression

(computing) Any of several techniques for reducing the number of bits needed to represent an item of digital data, either to save storage or to use less bandwidth when transmitting it

tiedonpakkaus

a technique for reducing the number of bits


isophote

(computer graphics) A contour of equal luminance in an image.


primary key

(computing, databases) In the design of a database table, the primary key (abbreviated PK) is selected among the non-empty set of candidate keys. The PK is a column (or an irreducible group of columns) able to identify every row of the table.


DEP

en-noun

DEP (countable and uncountable, plural DEPs)

(computing, uncountable) Initialism of data execution prevention.


multitier

From multi- + tier (“range, layer, rank”).

(software engineering) Of or relating to a client–server architecture in which presentation, application processing, and data management functions are physically separated.