abatement

en-noun

abatement (countable and uncountable, plural abatements)

From Middle English abatement, from Anglo-Norman abatre (“to abate”) (from Old French abatre), + -ment; equivalent to abate + -ment.

(accounting) The deduction of minor revenues incidental to an operation in calculating the cost of the operation.


EBITA

(accounting) Acronym of earnings before interest, taxes and amortization.


accrual

(accounting) from the creditor's viewpoint, a charge incurred in one accounting period that has not been, but is to be, paid by the end of it.


EBITDA

(accounting) Acronym of earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization: revenue after the subtraction of dividends but before the deduction of interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization.


ROI

return on investment
return on investment#English

(accounting) Initialism of return on investment.

ROI

return on investment — see also return on investment


accountancy

accountancy (countable and uncountable, plural accountancies)

(uncountable, British, New Zealand, often Philippines, accounting) The function of compiling and providing financial information primarily by reports referred to as financial statements, including bookkeeping, systems design, analysis and interpretation of accounting information.

(countable, accounting) A company or organisation that performs such a function.


accumulation

accumulation (countable and uncountable, plural accumulations)

From Middle English acumulacyon, from Middle French accumulation and its etymon, Latin accumulātiō, accumulātiōnis. By surface analysis, accumulate + -ion. First attested in the late 15th century. Doublet of accumulatio.

натрупване

act of accumulating, the state of being accumulated

(accounting) The continuous growth of capital by retention of interest or savings.


accrue

en-verb

accrue (third-person singular simple present accrues, present participle accruing, simple past and past participle accrued)

accrues (present singular third-person)
accruing (participle present)
accrued (participle past)
accrued (past)

First attested in mid 15th century. From Middle English acrewen, borrowed from Old French acreüe, past participle of accreistre (“to increase”), from Latin accrēsco (“increase”), from ad (“in addition”) + crēscō (“to grow”).

The monthly financial statements show all the actual but only some of the accrued expenses.

(intransitive, accounting) To be incurred as a result of the passage of time.

accumuleren

to be incurred as a result of the passage of time


accountant

desctree

→ Dutch: accountant
→ Indonesian: akuntan

[əˈkæʊn.ʔn̩ʔ]

From Middle English, from Middle French acuntant. Equivalent to account + -ant. First attested in the mid 15th century.

(accounting) One who is skilled in, keeps, or adjusts, accounts; an officer in a public office, who has charge of the accounts.

مُحَاسِب

one who is skilled in, keeps, or adjusts, accounts

Super Nintendo, Sega Genesis
When I was dead broke, man, I couldn't picture this
50-inch screen, money-green leather sofa
Got two rides, a limousine with a chauffeur
Phone bill about two G's flat
No need to worry, my accountant handles that
And my whole crew is loungin'
Celebratin' every day, no more public housin'

1994, 2:40 from the start, in Juicy (Hip Hop), spoken by The Notorious B.I.G.:

(accounting) One whose profession includes organizing, maintaining and auditing the records of another. The records are usually, but not always, financial records.

llogaritar

one whose profession includes organizing, maintaining and auditing the records of another


age

en-verb

age (third-person singular simple present ages, present participle ageing or (US) aging, simple past and past participle aged)

ages (present singular third-person)
ageing (participle present)
aging (US participle present)
aged (participle past)
aged (past)

From Middle English age, Old French aage, eage, edage, from an assumed Vulgar Latin *aetāticum, derived from Latin aetātem, itself derived from aevum (“lifetime”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eyu- (“vital force”). Compare French âge.
Displaced native Old English ieldu.

der

One his first assignments was to age the accounts receivable.

(transitive, accounting) To categorize by age.


AP

en-noun

AP (countable and uncountable, plural APs)

accounts payable
accounts payable#English

(uncountable, accounting) Initialism of accounts payable.


BS

BS (countable and uncountable, plural BSs)

(accounting) Abbreviation of balance sheet.


OR

OR (countable and uncountable, plural ORs)

(Philippines, accounting, business, countable) Initialism of official receipt.


AR

AR (countable and uncountable, plural ARs)

accounts receivable
accounts receivable#English

(uncountable or plural only, accounting) Initialism of accounts receivable.


CA

CA (countable and uncountable, plural CAs)

chartered accountant
chartered accountant#English

(Scotland, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, accounting) Initialism of chartered accountant.


SI

SI (countable and uncountable, plural SIs)

S.I.

statutory instrument, chiefly in citation

(Philippines, accounting, business) Initialism of sales invoice.


industrial output

industrial output (countable and uncountable, plural industrial outputs)

(economics, accounting) What an industry produces, as a national total.


account

→ Bulgarian: ака́унт (akáunt)

→ Japanese: アカウント (akaunto)

→ Malay: akaun

→ Pohnpeian: akaund

→ Russian: аккаунт (akkaunt)

→ Swahili: akaunti

From Middle English acounte, from Anglo-Norman acunte (“account”), from Old French aconte, from aconter (“to reckon”), from Latin computō (“to sum up”).

a writ of account:: a writ which the plaintiff brings demanding that the defendant shall render his just account

or take into account: to take into consideration

in a relation requiring an account to be kept

The firm failed to file its accounts on time.

(accounting) A registry of pecuniary transactions; a written or printed statement of business dealings or debts and credits, and also of other things subjected to a reckoning or review.


basis

basis (plural bases or (rare) baseis or (nonstandard) basises)

bases (plural)
baseis (plural rare)
basises (nonstandard plural)

From Latin basis, from Ancient Greek βάσις (básis), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷémtis, derived from Proto-Indo-European *gʷem- (whence also come). Doublet of base.

(accounting) Amount paid for an investment, including commissions and other expenses.

hankintameno

accounting: amount paid for an investment


balance

balance (countable and uncountable, plural balances)

bias

antonym(s) of “support for both viewpoints”

PIE word
 *dwóh₁
From Middle English balaunce, from Old French balance, from Late Latin *bilancia, from (accusative form of) Latin bilanx (“two-scaled”), from bi- + lanx (“plate, scale”).

(accounting) A list accounting for the debits on one side, and for the credits on the other.

I just need to nip to a bank and check my balance.

(accounting) The result of such a procedure; the difference between credit and debit of an account.


asset

Back-formation from assets, from Anglo-Norman asetz, from Old French assez (“enough”). Compare Middle English asseth.

Coordinate term: liability

A thing or quality that has value, especially one that generates cash flows.

(accounting) Any item recorded on the left-hand side of a balance sheet.

actif

(accounting) any item recorded on the left-hand side of a balance sheet — see also liability


revenue

revenue (countable and uncountable, plural revenues)

Early Modern English
Shakespeare
revenue

Recorded in English from 1433, "income from property or possessions", from Middle French revenue, from Old French [Term?] (“a return”) (modern French revenu), the prop. feminine past participle of revenir (“come back”) (=modern French), from Latin revenire (“to return, come back”), from re- (“back”) + venire (“to come”).

(accounting) The net income from normal business operations; net sales.


account book

When a woman loves you she's not satisfied until she possesses your soul. [...] The soul of man wanders through the uttermost regions of the universe, and she seeks to imprison it in the circle of her account-book.

1919, W[illiam] Somerset Maugham, “chapter 41”, in The Moon and Sixpence, [New York, N.Y.]: Grosset & Dunlap Publishers […], →OCLC:

(accounting) A book in which accounts are kept; ledger.


profit

profit (countable and uncountable, plural profits)

From Middle English profit, from Old French profit (Modern French profit), from Latin prōfectus (“advance, progress, growth, increase, profit”), from proficiō (“to go forward, advance, make progress, be profitable or useful”). Doublet of profect.

der

Let no man anticipate uncertain profits.

1750 Oct. 2, Samuel Johnson, The Rambler

War is a racket. It always has been. It is possibly the oldest, easily the most profitable, surely the most vicious. It is the only one international in scope. It is the only one in which the profits are reckoned in dollars and the losses in lives... Of course, it isn't put that crudely in war time. It is dressed into speeches about patriotism, love of country, and "we must all put our shoulders to the wheel," but the profits jump and leap and skyrocket—and are safely pocketed.

1935, Smedley Butler, War Is a Racket, page 1 & 7:

The ability to shift profits to low-tax countries by locating intellectual property in them, which is then licensed to related businesses in high-tax countries, is often assumed to be the preserve of high-tech companies. […] current tax rules make it easy for all sorts of firms to generate […] “stateless income”: profit subject to tax in a jurisdiction that is neither the location of the factors of production that generate the income nor where the parent firm is domiciled.

2013 June 22, “T time”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8841, page 68:

(accounting, economics) Total income or cash flow minus expenditures. The money or other benefit a non-governmental organization or individual receives in exchange for products and services sold at an advertised price.

mənfəət

total income or cash flow minus expenditures


payroll

(accounting) The calculation of salaries and wages and the deduction of taxes etc.; the department in a company responsible for this.

счетоводство

calculation of salaries and wages, department that does this


focus

en-verb

focus (third-person singular simple present focuses or focusses, present participle focusing or focussing, simple past and past participle focused or focussed)

focuses (present singular third-person)
focusses (present singular third-person)
focusing (participle present)
focussing (participle present)
focused (participle past)
focused (past)
focussed (participle past)
focussed (past)

Borrowed from Latin focus (“hearth, fireplace”); see there for more. Doublet of fuel.
Kepler introduced the term into mathematics and the sciences in describing elliptical orbits of planets (quote from Nicholas Mee) :
"One of the interesting properties of an ellipse is that if there were a light bulb at one focus, then all the light that it emits would reflect off the ellipse and converge at the other focus. This is why Kepler originally used the name focus for these points."

bor+

Whole pages of it are filled with masses of figures, generally single numbers added up in batches, and then the totals added in batches again, as though he were "focusing" some account, as the auditors put it.

1897, Bram Stoker, Dracula, published 1993, page 67:

(accounting, formerly) To aggregate figures of accounts.


credit

en-verb

credit (third-person singular simple present credits, present participle crediting, simple past and past participle credited)

credits (present singular third-person)
crediting (participle present)
credited (participle past)
credited (past)
credit (infinitive)

Borrowed from Middle French crédit (“belief, trust”), from Latin crēditum (“a loan, credit”), neuter of crēditus, past participle of crēdere (“to believe”). The verb is from the noun. Doublet of shraddha, creed.

Credit accounts receivable with the amount of the invoice.

For the payroll period credit employees' tips to their wages paid account and debit their minimum wage payable account.

The full amount of the purchase has been credited to your account.

(transitive, accounting) To add to an account.


credit

en-noun

credit (countable and uncountable, plural credits)

(accounting) An addition to certain accounts; the side of an account on which payments received are entered.


in the red

From the standard accounting practice of using red ink to denote negative values, especially a net loss. The first known written use of the phrase is from the "Wise-crack dictionary" (1926) by George H. Maines and Bruce Grant.http://www.phrases.org.uk/meanings/202000.html

The figures are going to be in the red this year.

(idiomatic, accounting) Having net losses; in debt.


eliminate

en-verb

eliminate (third-person singular simple present eliminates, present participle eliminating, simple past and past participle eliminated)

eliminates (present singular third-person)
eliminating (participle present)
eliminated (participle past)
eliminated (past)

From Latin ēlīminātus, past participle of ēlīmināre (“to turn out of doors, banish”), from ē (“out”) + līmen (“a threshold”), akin to līmes (“a boundary”); see English limit and limen.

(accounting) To record amounts in a consolidation statement to remove the effects of inter-company transactions.

eliminoida

eliminate the effects of intercompany transactions in a consolidation statement


year-to-date

(management, accounting) Relating to the period from the beginning of a fiscal year to the end of a reporting period.


equity

en-noun

equity (countable and uncountable, plural equities)

From Middle English equitee, equytee, from Old French equité, from Latin aequitās (“uniformity; impartiality; fairness”).

bonds

(in various financial and economic subsenses): debt; as stock in a company

(finance) Various senses related to net value

(accounting) Ownership interest in a company as determined by subtracting liabilities from assets.


material

en-adj

material (comparative more material, superlative most material)

more material (comparative)
most material (superlative)

From Middle English material, from Late Latin māteriālis, from Latin māteria (“wood, material, substance”), from māter (“mother”). Displaced native Middle English andweorc, andwork (“material, matter”) (from Old English andweorc (“matter, substance, material”)). Doublet of materiel.

ncog

You've made several material contributions to this project.

This is the most material fact in this lawsuit.

discourse, which was always material, not trifling

1685 March 20 (Gregorian calendar), John Evelyn, “[Diary entry for 10 March 1685]”, in William Bray, editor, Memoirs, Illustrative of the Life and Writings of John Evelyn, […], 2nd edition, volume I, London: Henry Colburn, […]; and sold by John and Arthur Arch, […], published 1819, →OCLC:

I shall, in the account of simple ideas, set down only such as are most material to our present purpose.

1689 (indicated as 1690), [John Locke], chapter 2, in An Essay Concerning Humane Understanding. […], London: […] Eliz[abeth] Holt, for Thomas Basset, […], →OCLC, book I, page 3:


depreciation

en-noun

depreciation (countable and uncountable, plural depreciations)

/dɪˌpɹiːʃɪˈeɪʃən/

(accounting) The measurement of the decline in value of assets. Not to be confused with impairment, which is the measurement of the unplanned, extraordinary decline in value of assets.

обезценка

the measurement of the decline in value of assets


elimination

elimination (countable and uncountable, plural eliminations)

(accounting) The act of recording amounts in a consolidation statement to remove the effects of inter-company transactions.

eliminointi

act of recording amounts in a consolidation statement to remove the effects of intercompany transactions


incur

en-verb

incur (third-person singular simple present incurs, present participle incurring, simple past and past participle incurred)

incurs (present singular third-person)
incurring (participle present)
incurred (participle past)
incurred (past)

From Middle English incurren, from Anglo-Norman encurir, Middle French encourir, from Old French encorre, from Latin incurrere.

كَبَّدَ

to expose oneself to something inconvenient

Near-synonyms: entail, invoke

The least neglect of duty will incur[...] the penalty of thirty-nine well laid on in the morning.

1861, Francis Colburn Adams, “Chapter VII”, in An Outcast:

Lest you incur me much more damage in my fame than you have done me pleasure in preserving my life.

1605 August (first performance), Geo[rge] Chapman, Ben Ionson, Ioh[n] Marston, Eastward Hoe. […], London: […] [George Eld] for William Aspley, published September 1605, →OCLC, (please specify the page):

(transitive) To bring upon oneself or expose oneself to, especially something inconvenient, harmful, or onerous; to become liable or subject to.

(chiefly law, accounting) To render (somebody, or oneself) liable or subject to.

كَبَّدَ

to render liable or subject to; to occasion


post

post (third-person singular simple present posts, present participle posting, simple past and past participle posted)

posts (present singular third-person)
posting (participle present)
posted (participle past)
posted (past)

Chinese: po

Inherited from Old English post (“pillar, door-post”) and Latin postis (“a post, a door-post”) through Old French. .

inh+

You have not poſted your Books theſe Ten years; hovv is it poſſible for a Man of Buſineſs to keep his Affairs even in the VVorld at this rate?

1712, Humphry Polesworth [pseudonym; John Arbuthnot], “Of John Bull’s Second Wife, and the Good Advice that She Gave Him”, in Law is a Bottomless-Pit. […], London: […] John Morphew, […], →OCLC, page 18:

(accounting) To carry (an account) from the journal to the ledger.


journal

From Middle English journal, from Anglo-Norman jurnal (“daily”), from Old French jornel (“day”) (French journal), from Latin diurnālis, from diurnus (“of the day”). Doublet of diurnal and the journal from French.

(accounting) A chronological record of payments or receipts.

päiväkirja

accounting: chronological record of payments


capitalize

en-verb

capitalize (third-person singular simple present capitalizes, present participle capitalizing, simple past and past participle capitalized)

capitalizes (present singular third-person)
capitalizing (participle present)
capitalized (participle past)
capitalized (past)

From capital + -ize, the first element ultimately from Latin capitālis (“of the head”).

(transitive, accounting, taxation) To treat as capital, not as an expense.


accounting profit

en-noun

accounting profit (plural accounting profits)

(accounting) The total revenue minus costs properly chargeable against goods sold.

tubo sa tuusan

the total revenue minus costs properly chargeable against goods sold


capital surplus

capital surplus (plural capital surpluses)

(accounting) A balance sheet item under shareholders' equity. Increases by the value above an original par value per share that newly issued shares are sold for.


deferred

en-adj

deferred (comparative more deferred, superlative most deferred)

more deferred (comparative)
most deferred (superlative)

(accounting) Whose value is not realized until a future date: e.g. annuities, charges, taxes, and income, either as an asset or liability.


reconcile

en-verb

reconcile (third-person singular simple present reconciles, present participle reconciling, simple past and past participle reconciled)

reconciles (present singular third-person)
reconciling (participle present)
reconciled (participle past)
reconciled (past)

(accounting, transitive) To make the net difference in credits and debits of a financial account agree with the balance.

изравнявам

to make the net difference in credits and debits of a financial account agree with the balance


cost centre

(UK, accounting, management) Alternative form of cost center


falsify

falsify (third-person singular simple present falsifies, present participle falsifying, simple past and past participle falsified)

falsifies (present singular third-person)
falsifying (participle present)
falsified (participle past)
falsified (past)

From French falsifier, from Late Latin falsificāre (“make false, corrupt, counterfeit, falsify”), from Latin falsificus, from falsus (“false”), corresponding to false + -ify.

der

It will allow the account to stand, with liberty to the plaintiff to surcharge and falsify it

1833, Joseph Story, Commentaries on the Constitution of the United States:

The chancery rules governing proceedings to surcharge and falsify accounts are applicable only where an account has been stated between the parties, or where something equivalent thereto has been done.

1912, Peyton Boyle, The Federal Reporter: Cases Argued and Determined in the Circuit District Courts of the United States:

(accounting) To show (an item of charge inserted in an account) to be wrong.


write-off

(accounting) The cancellation of an item; the amount cancelled or lost.


write down

en-verb

write down (third-person singular simple present writes down, present participle writing down, simple past wrote down, past participle written down)

writes down (present singular third-person)
writing down (participle present)
wrote down (past)
written down (participle past)

(transitive, accounting) To make a downward adjustment in the value of an asset.

afskrive

to make a downward adjustment in the value of an asset


unbalanced

en-adj

unbalanced (comparative more unbalanced, superlative most unbalanced)

more unbalanced (comparative)
most unbalanced (superlative)

(accounting) not adjusted such that debit and credit correspond


provision

en-noun

provision (countable and uncountable, plural provisions)

/pɹəˈvɪʒ.ən/

From Middle English provisioun, from Old French provisïon, from Latin prōvīsiō (“preparation, foresight”), from prōvidēre (“provide”).

der

We increased our provision for bad debts on credit sales going into the recession.

(accounting) A liability or contra account to recognise likely future adverse events associated with current transactions.


year to date

(management, accounting) The period from the beginning of a fiscal year to the end of a reporting period.


in the black

From the standard accounting practice of using black ink, as opposed to red ink, to denote positive values, especially a net income.

(accounting, idiomatic) Having positive net income; having greater income than expenses; making a profit.

(accounting, idiomatic) Having positive net worth.


SOA

en-noun

SOA (countable and uncountable, plural SOAs)

statement of account
w:statement of account

(business, accounting, banking) Initialism of statement of account.


ROE

(accounting) Initialism of return on equity. — A measure of how well a company used reinvested earnings to generate additional earnings.


articulation

articulation (countable and uncountable, plural articulations)

From Middle English articulacioun, from Old French articulacion, from Medieval Latin articulatio. Equivalent to articulate + -ion.

At the time the outstanding distinction that could be seen between Copeland-Fed on the one hand and Goldsmith-Friend on the other was that the flow-of-funds system explicitly included nonfinancial transactions in the statistical structure in direct articulation with financial flows and stocks.

1991, Stephen P. Taylor, “From Moneyflows Accounts to Flow-of-Funds Accounts”, printed in John C. Dawson (editor), Flow-of-Funds Analysis: A Handbook for Practitioners, M.E. Sharpe (1996), page 103

Particular income statement accounts (revenues and expenses) are linked to particular balance sheet accounts (assets and liabilities); that is, there is articulation between the income statement and the balance sheet.

2005, David T. Collins, “Accounting and Financial Reporting Issues”, Chapter 6 of Robert L. Brown and Alan S. Gutterman (editors), Emerging Companies Guide: A Resource for Professionals and Entrepreneurs, American Bar Association, page 169

The emphasis on articulated information about environmental liabilities in the management accounts is not stressed. Articulation between stock and flow information in physical environment terms receives less attention.

2005, Roger L. Burritt, “Challenges for Environmental Management Accounting”, Chapter 2 of Pall M. Rikhardsson et al. (editors), Implementing Environmental Management Accounting: Status and Challenges, Springer, page 28

(accounting) The interrelation and congruence of the flow of data between financial statements of an entity, especially between the income statement and balance sheet.

yhteys

accounting: interrelation of financial statements


collections

We have sent your account to collections.

(accounting, of an account) A state being beyond merely past due.

Sorry, but you'll have to talk with collections.

(accounting) A department that attempts to collect on accounts that are beyond merely past due.


overhead

overhead (countable and uncountable, plural overheads)

From Middle English owerheved, over-hed, over hede (adverb), from Old English oferhēafod (adverb), equivalent to over- + head. Compare German Low German overhoopt, överhoopt, German überhaupt.

computational overhead| digital overhead

(uncountable, business, accounting) The expense of a business not directly assigned to goods or services provided.

間接費用 /间接费用

(countable, business, accounting) The items or classes of expense not directly assigned to goods or services provided.


red ink

GCN has gleefully swum against the political mainstream. Less comfortable has been the financial torrent that now washes the paper in red ink. Being out of step politically has meant not having access to lucrative advertisers.

1991 December 1, Gordon Gottlieb, “The Struggle Continues”, in Gay Community News, volume 19, number 20, page 11:

(idiomatic, business, management, accounting, euphemistic) Financial loss.


capital stock

capital stock (usually uncountable, plural capital stocks)

(law, accounting, US) The total amount of common and preferred stock (shares) that a company can issue.


cost center

Coordinate term: profit center

(accounting, management) A division or project of an organization to which costs can be specifically allocated.


contra

a contra position; a contra entry

The sum for each contra account is shown in the last column.

(accounting, often attributive) An entry (or account) that cancels another entry (or account).

contrarekening

(accounting) an entry (or account) that cancels another entry


contra

en-verb

contra (third-person singular simple present contras, no present participle, no simple past or past participle)

to contra a position (an entry)


CPA

en-noun

CPA (countable and uncountable, plural CPAs)

certified public accountant
certified public accountant#English

(US, Philippines, accounting) Initialism of certified public accountant.

(Canada, accounting) Initialism of chartered professional accountant.

(accounting) Abbreviation of collaboration protocol agreement in ebXML.


CR

Probably from Latin crēdēre; compare DR.


EBIT

(accounting, finance) Acronym of earnings before interest and taxes.


FIFO

FIFO (countable and uncountable, plural FIFOs)

first in first out
first in first out#English

(accounting, operations, computing) Acronym of first in first out.


LIFO

last in first out
last in first out#English

(computing, accounting, business) Acronym of last in first out.


reconciliation

reconciliation (countable and uncountable, plural reconciliations)

From Middle English reconciliacioun (“act of reconciling; state of accord or harmony;”) [and other forms], from Anglo-Norman reconciliaciun, reconsiliacion, reconsiliaciun, and Middle French reconciliation, reconsiliacion, reconsiliation (“act of reconciling; result of this act; act of bringing about agreement or harmony; reconsecration of a desecrated place”) (modern French réconciliation), and from their Latin etymon reconciliātiō (“reinstatement, renewal, restoration; reconciliation”), from reconciliāre + -tiō.

nb...

reconcyliacyoun, reconsiliation, reconsiliacion, reconsiliacioun, reconsyliacion, reconsylyacion,

(accounting) The process of comparing and resolving apparent differences between sets of accounting records, or between accounting records and bank statements, receipts, etc.

täsmäyttäminen

process of comparing and resolving apparent differences between accounting records


liability

en-noun

liability (countable and uncountable, plural liabilities)

задължение

responsibility, obligation — see also responsibility, obligation

taakka

handicap, drawback, or burden — see also burden, drawback

An obligation, debt or responsibility owed to someone.

(accounting) Any item recorded on the right-hand side of a balance sheet.

velka

(accounting) any item recorded on the right-hand side of a balance sheet


Cr.

(accounting, banking) Abbreviation of credit.


TCA

TCA (countable and uncountable, plural TCAs)

true cost accounting
w:true cost accounting

(accounting) Initialism of true cost accounting.


impairment

impairment (countable and uncountable, plural impairments)

(accounting) A downward revaluation, a write-down.


footing

footing (countable and uncountable, plural footings)

From Middle English fotyng; equivalent to foot + -ing.

(accounting) A double-check of the numbers vertically.


run rate

(accounting) Alternative form of runrate


bookkeeper

(accounting) A person responsible for keeping records or documents, such as of a business.


POC

POC (countable and uncountable, plural POCs)

percentage of completion
w:percentage-of-completion method

(accounting) Initialism of percentage of completion.


underfoot

en-verb

underfoot (third-person singular simple present underfoots, present participle underfooting, simple past and past participle underfooted)

underfoots (present singular third-person)
underfooting (participle present)
underfooted (participle past)
underfooted (past)

From Middle English underfoote, underfote, equivalent to under- + foot. Cognate with Middle Dutch ondervoet (“underfoot”). Compare also Middle Low German undervôt (“pedestal, base”).

cog

Another device is to underfoot the accounts receivable column and the net cash column in the record of cash receipts and to underfoot the debit or overfoot the credit side of one or more accounts in the customer's ledger by equal amounts.

1932, Frank Hatch Streightoff, Advanced Accounting, page 140:

Stay away from the client or taxpayer who conceals, pads, overstates or understates, alters, duplicates, overfoots or underfoots, diverts, manipulates, omits, falsifies and flagrantly disregards the IRS regulations.

In manually balancing the cash receipts journal prior to posting to the ledgers, it is quite possible to underfoot or overfoot columns deliberately in order to manipulate the account records to cover cash shortages.

1983, Accounting and information systems: instructor's manual, →ISBN, page 258:

(accounting) To assign a column summary that is less than the sum of all the entries in that column.


SOC

System and Organization Controls
w:System and Organization Controls

(accounting) Initialism of System and Organization Controls.


folio

From Middle English folio (“leaf of a book”), borrowed from Medieval Latin foliō, Late Latin foliō, Latin foliō, the ablative singular form of Late Latin folium (“leaf or sheet of paper”), Latin folium (“leaf of a plant”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰleh₃- (“bloom, flower”). Doublet of foil and folium, and distantly related to phyllo and phyllon.
Senses 1, 2, 3.1, 5, and 6 relating to a leaf or page are derived from Medieval Latin foliō in references; sense 5 (“page in an account book”) may be derived from Italian foglio (“rectangular sheet of paper”), from Latin folium. Senses 3.2 and 3.3 relating to a paper size are from Italian in foglio or its etymon Latin in foliō.

der

In the leger,^([sic]) articles of the ſame kind are collected together; and, for that purpoſe, it is divided into many accounts, under which the different branches of buſineſs are arranged. Each account is introduced by a proper title, to explain the nature of the articles it contains; and articles of oppoſite kinds, which belong to the ſame account, are placed on the oppoſite pages of the ſame folio: for inſtance, money received on the one ſide, and money paid on the other; or goods bought on the one ſide, and goods ſold on the other.

1806, “Book-keeping”, in The New and Complete American Encyclopædia: or, Universal Dictionary of Arts and Sciences; … In Seven Volumes, volume II, New York, N.Y.: Printed and published by John Low, No. 33, Chatham-Street, →OCLC, page 152:

(accounting) A page in an account book; sometimes, two opposite pages bearing the same serial number.


top line

From the usual presentation of this information as a line at the top of an income statement.


prepayment

(accounting) An asset recognized in respect an expense incurred in a period for which the benefit will be received in a future period.


dr

en-noun

dr (countable and uncountable, plural drs)

(accounting) Abbreviation of debtor, debit


DSO

days sales outstanding
days sales outstanding#English

(accounting) Initialism of days sales outstanding.


sundries

1905, William Mott Steuart (United States Bureau of the Census), Special Reports: Mines and quarries 1902, page 476,
Miscellaheous expenses,—This item includes rent and royalties of all descriptions, “taxes, insurance, interest, advertising, office supplies, law expenses, injuries and damages, telegraph and telephone service, gas, and all other sundries not reported elsewhere.”

1910, William Mott Steuart, Thomas Commerford Martin (United States Bureau of the Census), Street and Electric Railways 1907, page 181,
In 1902 franchise values were largely carried as sundries, but it is a very common practice to charge these values to cost of construction and equipment.

Any payment listed in the Sundries column must be posted individually to the appropriate ledger account.

2009, Neville Box, VCE Accounting Units 3 & 4, 4th edition, unnumbered page:

The petty cash book classifies payments as petrol and oils, postage, office, sundries and GST paid.

2011, Robert Rodgers, Peter Lucas, Bookkeeping and Accounting Essentials, page 105:

(accounting) A category in accounting records for irregular or miscellaneous items not otherwise classified.


throwback

throwback (countable and uncountable, plural throwbacks)

Under the throwback rule, sales into a state where the taxpayer is not taxable are “thrown back” from the destination state to the origin state by adding the nontaxable sales to the numerator in the apportionment factor.

2005, LeAnn Luna, “Throwback rules, multistate corporations”, in Joseph J. Cordes, Robert D. Ebel, Jane G. Gravelle, editors, The Encyclopedia of Taxation & Tax Policy (Second Edition), The Urban Institute Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, page 436:

The effect of the throwback rule is to distribute income according to sales in the origin state. The effect of the throwout rule is to distribute income according to the taxpayer’s overall activities as measured by the other apportionment factors.

2006, Joann Martens-Weiner, chapter 4, in Company Tax Reform in the European Union: Guidance from the United States and Canada on Implementing Formulary Apportionment in the EU, Springer Science+Business Media, Inc., →ISBN, →LCCN, page 53:

Attributing the gross receipts to the Member State of origin (i.e. applying a throwback rule) constitutes a benefit for that state that is not justified by the rationale of the gross receipts factor.

2009, Stefan Mayer, chapter 4, in Formulary Apportionment for the Internal Market (Doctoral Series; 17), IBFD, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 220:

(US, accounting) A practice to avoid untaxed nowhere income by instead taxing such income in the originating state for a given transaction.


assets

assets pl (normally plural, singular asset)

From Anglo-Norman asetz, from Old French assez (“enough”). Originally singular, with the meaning "enough to meet liabilities"; later reanalyzed as a plural form.

The assets must equal liabilities, otherwise there is an error in your balance sheet.

(accounting) The left side of a balance sheet.


liabilities

(accounting) The right side of a balance sheet.


ledger

From Middle English liggere, ligger, leger (“large breviary; beam, plank; dweller, inhabitant”), from liggen, leggen, variants of līen (“to lie down; to bow, kneel, prostrate; to die; to be located (somewhere); to remain in place, stay”), from Old English liċġan (“to lie down; to be situated”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *legʰ- (“to lie down”). The word is cognate with Dutch legger (“daybook; layer”) (from leggen (“to lay”), liggen (“to lie down”)), and is related to English ledge, lie (“to be prostrate”).
The verb is derived from the noun.

refn

From the collection of the Museum der Alltagskultur (Museum of Everyday Culture) in Waldenbuch, Baden-Württemberg, Germany.

tilikirja

book or other scheme for keeping accounting records

Coordinate term: journal

The Leger exhibits at one view the accounts with an individual, as it contains on the Dr. [debit] side whatever he has received, and on the Cr. [credit] side whatever he has paid. […] Let each account be posted from the Day Book in its proper place in the Leger. If a mistake be made, let it be corrected by an account in the Day Book, clearly stating the correction, and then let this account be posted in its proper place in the Leger, that no blot or erasure may disfigure its pages.

1822, Nicolas Pike, Chester Dewey, “Book Keeping”, in A New and Complete System of Arithmetick. Composed for the Use of Citizens of the United States, 4th edition, Troy, N.Y.: Printed and published by W[illia]m S. Parker, […], →OCLC, page 490:

He keeps a ledger or a debtor-and-creditor account between the Government and the Country, posts so much actual crime, corruption, and injustice against so much contingent advantage or sluggish prejudice, and at the bottom of the page brings in the balance of indignation and contempt, where it is due.

1825, William Hazlitt, “Mr. Brougham-Sir F. Burdett”, in The Spirit of the Age […] , London: Printed for Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, pages 330–331:

(accounting) A collection of accounting entries consisting of credits and debits.


reimbursement

en-noun

reimbursement (countable and uncountable, plural reimbursements)

(business, management, accounting) The act of compensating someone for an expense.


goodwill

goodwill (usually uncountable, plural goodwills)

From Middle English *goodwille, good wille (“goodwill”), perhaps from Old English *gōdwille (“goodwill”); compare Old English gōdwillende (“well-pleased”); also Scots guidwilly, guidwillie (“displaying goodwill”), equivalent to good + will. Cognate with Scots guidwill (“goodwill”), Middle Low German gūtwille (“goodwill”), Old High German guotwilligi (“goodwill”), Old Danish godvilje (“goodwill”), Icelandic góðvilji, góðvili (“goodwill”), Icelandic góðvild (“goodness”). The sense "thrift shop" is a genericized trademark of a US chain of such shops.

cog

(accounting) The value of a business entity not directly attributable to its tangible assets and liabilities, deriving from factors such as consumer loyalty to the brand.

商譽 /商誉

accounting: the value of a business entity not directly attributable to its tangible assets and liabilities


operating expense

en-noun

operating expense (plural operating expenses)

(business, accounting) Any expense incurred in running a business, such as sales and administration, as opposed to production.

(business, accounting) The money an entity spends in order to turn inventory into throughput.


depletion

depletion (countable and uncountable, plural depletions)

Borrowed from Latin depletio, depletionem, from depleō.

stimulated emission depletion microscope

stimulated emission depletion microscopy

(accounting, mining, timber, petroleum) gradual expense or use of natural resources over time.


recoverable

From Middle English recoverabille, recoverable, recovererabyll (error), equivalent to recover + -able.

(accounting) Amounts of reinsurance coverage that are due from a reinsurer.


balance sheet

Private-equity nabobs bristle at being dubbed mere financiers. Piling debt onto companies’ balance-sheets is only a small part of what leveraged buy-outs are about, they insist. Improving the workings of the businesses they take over is just as core to their calling, if not more so. Much of their pleading is public-relations bluster.

2013 June 22, “Engineers of a different kind”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8841, page 70:

(accounting) A summary of a person's or organization's assets, liabilities and equity as of a specific date.

հաշվեկշիռ

summary of assets, liabilities and equity


net operating income

net operating income (usually uncountable, plural net operating incomes)

(accounting) Income after deducting operating expenses but before deducting for income taxes, interest, and depreciation and amortization.


work in progress

work in progress (countable and uncountable, plural works in progress)

Work in progress has dramatically declined due to reduced production cycle times.

(uncountable, accounting) A portion of inventory that represents goods which are no longer salable as raw materials, but not yet salable as finished goods, work in process.


lapping

lapping (countable and uncountable, plural lappings)

From Middle English lapping, lappyng, lappinge, equivalent to lap + -ing.

(accounting) A form of fraud in which payments in the accounts are repeatedly delayed between periods, or diverted between customers, to conceal a theft.


accounts receivable

(accounting) The total monetary amount owed to a financial entity due to debts arising from sales on credit or on account.


cash flow

cash flow (countable and uncountable, plural cash flows)

German: Cashflow

Finally, the complex and multi-dimensional character of any performance gap can be explored further by introducing cash flow per vehicle produced as a third performance measure; this series shows the limits of Japanolatry because, on this measure, average car companies in Japan as well as America have real problems.

1994, Karel Williams, Cars: Analysis, History, Cases, page 216:

(accounting) The sum of cash revenues and expenditures over a period of time.

(accounting) A statement of such transactions.


actuals

This year's projections are above prior year actuals by five percent.

(accounting, project management) Documented historical results; things that have happened rather than things that are planned.


bookkeeping

bookkeeping (usually uncountable, plural bookkeepings)

(accounting) The skill or practice of keeping books or systematic records of financial transactions, e.g. income and expenses.

հաշվապահություն

skill of keeping records of financial transactions


cost objective

(accounting) The purpose for which costs are measured.


final account

(accounting) The year-end numbers needed to file a balance sheet for a corporation.


slush fund

Originally in reference to money for miscellaneous uses that sailors made by selling slush (“a soft mixture of grease and other ingredients”).

A slush fund is a sum of money that is set aside as a reserve. In accounting, a slush fund is a general ledger account of commingled funds that does not have a designated purpose. In more sinister cases, a slush fund may be used as a "black fund," which is unaccounted for and kept off the books.

2021 June 28, Daniel Liberto, “Slush Fund”, in Investopedia:

(accounting) Money that has not been hypothecated or dedicated to a particular purpose, or which is used for a different purpose than originally intended.


breakage

breakage (countable and uncountable, plural breakages)

/ˈbɹeɪkɪd͡ʒ/

(accounting) A service which is unused by a customer, such as an unredeemed gift card, which therefore represents a pure profit to the seller.


fixed asset

Coordinate term: current asset

(business, accounting) Asset or property which cannot easily be converted into cash, such as land, buildings and machinery.


cast accounts

en-verb

cast accounts (third-person singular simple present casts accounts, present participle casting accounts, simple past and past participle cast accounts)

casts accounts (present singular third-person)
casting accounts (participle present)
cast accounts (participle past)
cast accounts (past)

(obsolete, accounting) To perform basic bookkeeping.


contractual

Morphologically contract + -ual, from Latin contractus + -al.

Additionally, the CALM general ledger has no account comparable to the contra ( offset ) account maintained by private sector medical centers for contractuals and discounts.

1991, United States. Congress. House. Committee on Veterans' Affairs. Subcommittee on Hospitals and Health Care, H.R. 4935 and DVA's Medical Care Cost Recovery Program, page 96:

Contractuals are telephone, utilities, and other contracted services.

1993, Technical Bulletin - Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station, page 7:

Other Contractuals are usually Insurance, Completion Bond, and sometimes Legal Fees.

2013, Robert Koster, The Budget Book for Film and Television, page 98:

Insurance and legal costs are sometimes written as contractuals.

2017, Lorene M. Wales, The Complete Guide to Film and Digital Production, page 60:

(accounting) A charge for a service that is applied through a contract with another provider.


capital account

en-noun

capital account (plural capital accounts)

(accounting) An account in the net worth section of the balance sheet of an entity such as sole proprietorships and partnerships. In this context, the "capital account" (or, in cases of more than one owner, the "sum of all individual capital accounts") is the residual difference between total assets minus total liabilities, or the "net worth" of the entity. The term should not be confused with similar terms such as "working capital," "capital asset," "capital expenditure," and "capital lease."


net worth

net worth (countable and uncountable, plural net worths)

His car company, Tesla, controls two-thirds of the multibillion-dollar electric-vehicle market it pioneered and is valued at a cool $1 trillion. That has made Musk, with a net worth of more than $250 billion, the richest private citizen in history, at least on paper.

December 13 2021, Molly Ball, Jeffrey Kluger, Alejandro de la Garza, “Elon Musk: Person of the Year 2021”, in Time Magazine:

(accounting) The total assets minus total liabilities of an individual or a company.


IFRS

w:International Financial Reporting Standards

(accounting) Initialism of International Financial Reporting Standards.


GAAP

w:Generally Accepted Accounting Principles

(accounting) Acronym of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles.


double-entry

(accounting) Describing a method of bookkeeping in which each transaction is entered in two accounts, for debits and for credits.


credit note

Coordinate term: debit note

(accounting) A commercial document issued by a seller to adjust downwards the amount of an invoice already issued, i.e. to cancel part or all of it.

dobropis

commercial document issued by a seller to a buyer to cancel part or all of an earlier invoice


bad debt

bad debt (countable and uncountable, plural bad debts)

The firm’s researchers also went through the public accounts of nearly all the major financial institutions in the world and constructed estimates of how much money they stood to lose from bad debts.

2011 July 18, John Cassidy, “Mastering the Machine”, in The New Yorker, →ISSN:

(business, accounting) A debt which cannot be recovered from the debtor, either because the debtor lacks the money to pay or because the debtor cannot be found and/or forced to pay.


capital equipment

(US, accounting) Any single asset which has an acquisition cost of $5,000 or more and a useful life of more than one year, whether purchased outright, acquired through a capital lease or through donation. It also includes certain constructed or fabricated items and certain component parts (See UW Shared Financial System Accounts and Definitions.) It does not include real property (land), software or library holdings.


DNE

(business, accounting) Initialism of division net earnings, the net earnings for a particular business division.


off-book

An enormous amount of off-book money sloshes around Chinese business and officialdom, and some of it runs into handbags.

(accounting) Off the books, not officially recorded.


underrun

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-underrun.wav

(accounting) A condition in which fewer products are delivered or produced than had been ordered.


walkthrough

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-walkthrough.wav

(accounting) A financial audit that traces a sample transaction through the system to ensure that it is processed and reported correctly.


ACA

(accounting) Initialism of associate chartered accountant.


proration

proration (countable and uncountable, plural prorations)

(accounting) In the insurance industry, the act of taking money that is currently due from the insurance company and moving it to the patient, knowing that the dollar amount being moved is due from the patient as a deductible, coinsurance, or copayment amount.


cost overrun

(accounting) An excess of actual cost over budget.


cost avoidance

cost avoidance (countable and uncountable, plural cost avoidances)

(management, accounting) An expense one has avoided incurring.


writedown

If Chelsea were to fall foul of profit and sustainability, they would be expected to cite unforeseen circumstances, much as some clubs have claimed Covid writedowns: their books would have been sound but for the pandemic.

March 11 2022, David Hytner, “Chelsea are in crisis but there is no will to leave club on their knees”, in The Guardian:

(accounting) An adjustment; a precise amount adjusted by an act of writing down or entering an asset and its value; a reduction of an asset, written down or otherwise recorded as such.

Abschreibung

adjustment; precise amount adjusted by an act of writing down an asset


account receivable

account receivable (plural accounts receivable)

Coordinate term: account payable

(accounting, usually in the plural) Amount recorded as being owed by a customer for sales on credit or on account.


sales ledger

(accounting) A ledger of sales. More correctly referred to as accounts receivable.


financials

(accounting, business) Financial statements.


write off

en-verb

write off (third-person singular simple present writes off, present participle writing off, simple past wrote off, past participle written off)

writes off (present singular third-person)
writing off (participle present)
wrote off (past)
written off (participle past)

Coordinate term: write down

(accounting, transitive) To reduce the book value of (an asset) to zero.

Coordinate term: write down

(accounting, transitive) To record (an expenditure) as an expense.

(accounting, transitive) To remove a portion of a debt or an amount of an account owed, counting it as a loss (as a gesture of goodwill for example).

(accounting) To record a notional expense such as amortization or depreciation.


total loss

Dutch: total loss

Hebrew: טוטל לוס (totál los)

(accounting) An insured item of which the entire value is written off.


working capital

working capital requirement

(business, accounting) Amount of capital a business or other entity has available for running its daily operations, calculated as current assets minus current liabilities.


tax lot

In some countries such as the USA, cost basis must be considered on a tax lot-by-tax lot basis.

2003, Stephen Satchell with Alan Scowcroft, Advances in Portfolio Construction and Implementation, page 128:

(accounting, taxation, US) A grouping of security holdings in an account used for enabling the calculation and treatment of the securities for tax compliance and reporting.

(accounting, real estate, US) An parcel of real property on which property taxes are levied.


fiscal year

(accounting) An accounting period of one year, not necessarily coinciding with the calendar year.

regnskabsår

in accounting, including non-standard years


line item

(accounting) An item of revenue or expenditure in a budget or other financial statement or report.


gross profit

en-noun

gross profit (countable and uncountable, plural gross profits)

(accounting) The difference between net sales and the cost of goods sold.

رِبْح إِجْمَالِيّ

the difference between net sales and the cost of goods sold


capital asset

(accounting) An asset that is recorded on a balance sheet as capital - that is, property that creates more property, such as a factory that creates shoes, or a forest that yields a quantity of wood.


intangible asset

intangible asset (plural intangible assets)

intellectual property
intellectual property

(business, accounting) Any valuable property of a business that is not a physical by nature, including intellectual property, customer lists, and goodwill. Intangible assets may or may not be shown on the balance sheet.


ownership equity

(accounting) The remaining interest in all assets after all liabilities are paid.

vlastní kapitál

the remaining interest in all assets after all liabilities are paid


current asset

(accounting) An asset on the balance sheet which is expected to be sold or otherwise used up in the near future, usually within one year, or one business cycle - whichever is longer, such as cash, accounts receivable, and inventory.


ISA

ISA (countable and uncountable, plural ISAs)

International Standard on Auditing
w:International Standards on Auditing

(accounting) Initialism of International Standard on Auditing, one of a set of professional standards for the performance of audits of financial information issued by the IAASB.


value date

(accounting) Date and the action itself on which payments are credited or debited to the customer's imagined but legally real account, as opposed to the date a balance is made visible (posting date, entry date) which is when crediting of other funds takes place and which is usually the available sum, is the line of credit; interest payments are made from the value date onwards.

arvopäivä

Date and action on which payments are credited or debited to the customer's imagined but legally real account

but one usually distinctly refers to the action itself with Valuta


value date

en-verb

value date (third-person singular simple present value dates, present participle value dating, simple past and past participle value dated)

value dates (present singular third-person)
value dating (participle present)
value dated (participle past)
value dated (past)

(accounting) To perform the above-defined action with an amount.

to perform the above-defined action with an amount

not used in Finnish (use appropriate verb phrase with arvopäivä)


acc.

(accounting) Abbreviation of accounting.

(accounting) Abbreviation of accountant.


balance the books

balance the books (third-person singular simple present balances the books, present participle balancing the books, simple past and past participle balanced the books)

balances the books (present singular third-person)
balancing the books (participle present)
balanced the books (participle past)
balanced the books (past)

I hardly think that cancelling Yorkshire's HS2 line counts as levelling up, but must admit that the South has its troubles too - particularly in London, where Transport for London is facing the prospect of cutting services to balance its books, as the pandemic continues to deter passengers and government appears unwilling to help.

2021 December 1, Philip Haigh, “TfL's deepening financial crisis puts Tube services at risk”, in RAIL, number 945, page 58:

(idiomatic, accounting) To add up all the debits and credits.


nominal ledger

(accounting, business) A general ledger.

(accounting, business) A ledger that is not a personal ledger or a real ledger, for example, a revenue or expense ledger.


general ledger

(business, accounting) The central accounting record of a company or organization consisting of the accounts that support the value items shown in the major financial statements.


flow variable

(economics, accounting) A variable whose value depends on a period of time rather than an instant, example being the gross domestic product.


stock variable

(economics, accounting) A variable whose value depends on an instant rather than on a period of time.


write up

write up (third-person singular simple present writes up, present participle writing up, simple past wrote up, past participle written up)

writes up (present singular third-person)
writing up (participle present)
wrote up (past)
written up (participle past)

(transitive, accounting) To make an upward adjustment in the value of an asset.


last in first out

(accounting, computing, business) Of or pertaining to any situation where the last to arrive is the first to go, or a data structure where the most recently added item is the first to be retrieved.

viimeksi sisään ensin ulos

of a situation where the last to arrive is the first to go


mark-to-market

en-noun

mark-to-market (countable and uncountable, plural mark-to-markets)

Mark-to-market is the calculation that shows your unrealized P&L based on where you could close your open positions in the market at that instant.

2011, Mark Galant, Brian Dolan, Currency Trading For Dummies, John Wiley & Sons, →ISBN, page 52:

The only mark-to-market thing in politics is Election Day; everything else is hot air.

2018, Mike Murphy, “Interview with Bill Kristol”, in Conversations with Bill Kristol:

(finance, accounting, chiefly attributive) Assigning a value to an asset equal to the current market price of the asset or one calculated based on related standardised assets for which there is a market.


mark to market

en-verb

mark to market (third-person singular simple present marks to market, present participle marking to market, simple past and past participle marked to market)

marks to market (present singular third-person)
marking to market (participle present)
marked to market (participle past)
marked to market (past)

(accounting, finance) To value an asset at its current actual or estimated market price.


mark to model

(accounting) A valuation or valuation method that assigns a value to an asset based on a model of its value.


mark to model

mark to model (third-person singular simple present marks to model, present participle marking to model, simple past and past participle marked to model)

marks to model (present singular third-person)
marking to model (participle present)
marked to model (participle past)
marked to model (past)

One of the ways to mark to model corporates is through bond equivalence using Macauley's algorithm for duration.

2002, Dimitris N. Chorafas, Liabilities, Liquidity, and Cash Management: Balancing Financial Risks, page 259:

(accounting) To value an asset at a modeled estimate of its market value or of some other approved valuation.


carryback

Current theft loss rules typically allow losses to be carried back three years and forward 20 years, but the I.R.S plan will allow carrybacks of as many as five years, generally if the loss is for a small business with gross annual receipts of less than $15 million.

2009 March 18, Lynnley Browning, “I.R.S. Plans a Deduction for Madoff Victims”, in New York Times:

(accounting, taxation) An income tax loss or credit that can be applied to offset previously taxed income or taxes paid, respectively.


carryforward

(accounting, taxation) An income tax loss or credit not usable in the current year that can be applied to offset income or taxes paid, respectively, in subsequent tax years.


auditee

(management, accounting, taxation) One subjected to an audit.


gross sales

NetSales=GrossSales-(CustomerDiscounts,Returns,Allowances)

(plural only, business, accounting) The total invoice value of sales, before deducting customers' discounts, returns, or allowances.

銷貨總額 /销货总额

total sales before deducting discounts etc.


first in first out

(accounting) A method of inventory accounting that values items withdrawn from inventory at the cost of the oldest item assumed to remain in inventory.


tangible asset

(accounting) Any asset, such as buildings, land, equipment etc., that has physical form.


trial balance

(accounting) A statement of the balances of all nominal accounts in a double-entry ledger, made to test their equality. The total value of the debits should equal the total of the credits any difference indicates that an error has been made.


cr

(accounting) Abbreviation of creditor, credit


charge off

charge off (third-person singular simple present charges off, present participle charging off, simple past and past participle charged off)

charges off (present singular third-person)
charging off (participle present)
charged off (participle past)
charged off (past)

(accounting, transitive) To write off (an expense).


purchase price

(management, accounting) The price at which something is actually purchased, especially from the point of view of the purchaser.


financial year

As yet, we don't know what the comparable figures will be like for the current financial year which ends in March 2022, but we can have a good stab at approximating them.

2022 January 12, Sir Michael Holden, “Reform of the workforce or death by a thousand cuts?”, in RAIL, number 948, page 22:

(British, accounting) Synonym of fiscal year


holdback

The community Opportunity Bonus Fund incorporates a $250 million bonus pool, which would operate in the same manner as the original performance holdback.

1995, United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on VA, HUD, and Independent Agencies, Departments of Veterans Affairs and Housing and Urban Development, And Independen Agencies Appropriations for 1996:

When there is a holdback provision, the percentage placed in reserve by gainsharing plans typically ranges from a low of 10 percent to as much as 70 percent.

2004, Joseph Boyett, Jimmie Boyett, The Gainsharing Design Manual, page 55:

The customer return privilege period expires and the remaining holdback is paid to the transferor.

2010, Barry J. Epstein, Ralph Nach, Steven M. Bragg, Wiley GAAP: Interpretation and Application of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, page 201:

(accounting) Income that is set aside for eventualities such as customer returns, seasonal fluctuations, performance bonuses, unexpected costs, etc.


income statement

en-noun

income statement (plural income statements)

(accounting) A calculation which shows the profit or loss of an accounting unit (company, municipality, foundation etc.) during a specific period of time, providing a summary of how the profit or loss is calculated from gross revenue and expenses.


going concern

If the bank does not act swiftly to push the CDS price back down, the regulator seizes the assets, wipes out shareholders and sacks the management. The bank is recapitalised as a going concern and later sold.

2009 May 14, “Dilute or die”, in The Economist:

At Acromas, the balance sheet is more than £1bn in the red [...] and a pre-tax loss of £300m was recorded in the year to January 2009. But Acromas is still regarded as a viable going concern.

(business, finance, accounting) An operating enterprise.


DPO

days payable outstanding
days payable outstanding#English

(accounting) Initialism of days payable outstanding.


variable cost

Variable costs of nuclear-generated electricity seem low.

Variable costs may actually vary with the number of shifts, the number of set-ups, or many other specific activities.

(accounting) A cost that changes with the change in volume of activity of an organization.

muuttuva kustannus

cost that changes with volume of production


accumulated depreciation

accumulated depreciation (usually uncountable, plural accumulated depreciations)

(accounting) The sum of past depreciation for an asset that is currently held.


month to date

(management, accounting) The period from the beginning of a calendar month to the end of a reporting period.


underhead

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-underhead.wav

I think prices would go up, for I know something of the importance of overhead and underhead cost as affecting the price of the goods you have to sell.

1911, National Brick Manufacturers' Association of the United States of America, Official Report, Annual Convention, page 113:

Mr. M. Caflisch of the Bronx Consumers' Ice Co., New York City, was requested to address the convention and spoke briefly on the necessity for knowing the actual total cost of manufacturing and handling ice as well as of harvesting, storing and selling ice, for he thought if ice men really understood how much the "overhead" and "underhead" cost is, they would hesitate at the price cutting that was so evident in some sections during the past Summer and prevented dealers in those sections from making a reasonable profit in spite of the excellent season which they enjoyed.

1911, Industrial Refrigeration - Volumes 40-41, page 224:

Periodically appraise the organization structure to determine what adjustments are needed to improve operating effectiveness and to reduce total costs, both overhead and underhead.

1961, AMA Management Bulletin - Issues 13-24, page 9:

But I have expenses to consider. Do you know what they are? And then there's my overhead and my underhead and my in-betweens.

2011, Jon Sharpe, The Trailsman #359: Platte River Gauntlet, page 21:

(manufacturing, accounting, dated) direct costs.


subvariance

This variance can also be broken down into three subvariances: a direct labor efficiency variance, a yield variance that relates to materials usage, and a variable overhead efficiency variance.

2010, Steven M. Bragg, The Ultimate Accountants' Reference:

(accounting) A variance making up part of a larger variance.


throw-off

In the case of the single investment, both the tax payments and the quasi-rent throw-off would be only for the single investment being evaluated.

1968, Richard Leo Pollock, The Tax Depreciation Problem, page 289:

If the expanded fund throw-offs "reflect success" of a company in terms of "profits," they should be shipped back to the Internal Revenue Service, to the company's employees, and to the company's supply vendors to whom they belong, from whom they have been borrowed by the company, and whose claims on the apparent company resource accrual accounting, as contrasted with "cash" accounting, attempts to faithfully recount.

1975, Allan Craig, Counting Things and Magic Rings, page 150:

Since the net cash throw-off is calculated using the accrual method of accounting employed on Form HUD - 92410, expenses included in the computation may not have been paid.

1992, United States. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Reviewing Annual and Monthly Financial Reports, pages 2-76:

Net income after mortgage payments (cash throw-off) equals $3,394 ($10,000 NOI less $6,606).

2009, Gary W. Eldred, Investing in Real Estate, page 23:

(accounting) Income minus expenses and depreciation (before tax).


overpost

On Feb. 1, 1879, I discover that, though the Ledger of 1878 had been closed and balanced, the amount brought forward as due by W. Tarn should have been £52 14s. id. (not £32 15s. id.); and this is found to have been caused by an overpost to his credit from a correct Journal entry.

1883, John Hunter, Supplementary book-keeping by double entry, page 28:

(accounting) An entry that has been posted more than once to a journal.


NRI

(accounting) Initialism of nonrecurring item.


A/R

accounts receivable
accounts receivable#English

(accounting) Initialism of accounts receivable.


accounting machine

accounting machine (plural accounting machines)

(accounting, computing, dated) A business machine, generally a combined calculator and printer, that tabulates, adds, subtracts, and totals.


account payable

account payable (plural accounts payable)

Coordinate term: account receivable

Until that time, the amount is held as an account payable and added to the current liabilities of your business. When an outstanding expense is paid, the payment amount is subtracted from a cash account and removed from the accounts payable.

2008, Barbara Findlay Schenck, John Davies, Selling Your Business For Dummies, page 99:

If a company, for example, purchases $500 in raw materials from its supplier on credit, the company incurs a $500 account payable.

2013, Paul Pignataro, Financial Modeling and Valuation:

After delivery, sellers issue an invoice, recorded as an account receivable by the seller and an account payable by the buyer.

2017, Sergio L. Schumukler, Innovative Experiences in Access to Finance, page 50:

(accounting) A balance due to a creditor on a current account.


above the line

(accounting) Classified as an ordinary expense or revenue item, or a current asset.


ALM

asset and liability management
asset and liability management#English

(accounting, business) Initialism of asset and liability management.


profit center

Coordinate term: cost center

(accounting, management) A unit or department of a company which is expected to make an identifiable contribution to the organization's profits.


on the books

Promptly came the reply that there was no record on the books of father's owning any stock.

1908 February 19, Jack London, chapter 11, in The Iron Heel, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., →OCLC:

The Southern acquired them because the little Class "B4" 0-4-0 tanks were finding heavy modern rolling stock more and more of a handful, and at war's end the railway had nothing of suitable power but short wheelbase on its books to take their place on the more tortuous of the dock lines.

1959 February, G. Freeman Allen, “Southampton—Gateway to the Ocean”, in Trains Illustrated, page 91:

The immediate problem was $100 million in inventory, which Mattel thought had been sold, that mysteriously reappeared on the books at Learning Co. Oops.

1999 October 17, Karl Taro Greenfeld, “Mattel: Some (Re)Assembly Required”, in Time:

Recorded or registered, especially in an official or definitive manner.

(business, accounting) Officially recorded in the financial records of a company or organization.


cost of goods sold

cost of goods sold (plural costs of goods sold)

(finance, accounting) The expense of acquiring the inventory that is sold during a given accounting period.

銷貨成本 /销货成本

expense of acquiring certain inventory that is sold


sales profit

sales profit (countable and uncountable, plural sales profits)


suspense account

suspense account (plural suspense accounts)

(accounting) An account in which receipts or disbursements are temporarily entered until their proper position in the books is determined.


throwout

throwout (countable and uncountable, plural throwouts)

From throw out, in the sense of having been thrown out of society.

Alternatively, the throwout rule, adopted by only a few states, eliminates or “throws out” sales from the denominator of the apportionment factor when sales are not taxable in the destination state.

2005, LeAnn Luna, “Throwback rules, multistate corporations”, in Joseph J. Cordes, Robert D. Ebel, Jane G. Gravelle, editors, The Encyclopedia of Taxation & Tax Policy (Second Edition), The Urban Institute Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, page 436:

The effect of the throwback rule is to distribute income according to sales in the origin state. The effect of the throwout rule is to distribute income according to the taxpayer’s overall activities as measured by the other apportionment factors.

2006, Joann Martens-Weiner, chapter 4, in Company Tax Reform in the European Union: Guidance from the United States and Canada on Implementing Formulary Apportionment in the EU, Springer Science+Business Media, Inc., →ISBN, →LCCN, page 53:

The throwout rule would have the effect of attributing the receipts concerned to the Member States in proportion to the other sales, which is not supported by the logic of the sales factor as those other Member States have not contributed to the profits associated with those gross receipts.

2009, Stefan Mayer, chapter 4, in Formulary Apportionment for the Internal Market (Doctoral Series; 17), IBFD, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 220:

(US, accounting) A practice to avoid untaxed nowhere income by instead assuming the untaxed transaction is taxed in the originating state in a notional proportion to other taxable transactions.


carry forward

en-verb

carry forward (third-person singular simple present carries forward, present participle carrying forward, simple past and past participle carried forward)

carries forward (present singular third-person)
carrying forward (participle present)
carried forward (participle past)
carried forward (past)

(idiomatic, accounting, of a balance) To transfer to a new page, column, ledger, or similar entity.

(idiomatic, accounting, of an operating loss or other legal credit) To apply to the taxable income of following years, thereby easing the overall tax burden; carry over.


tick and tie

tick and tie (third-person singular simple present ticks and ties, present participle ticking and tying, simple past and past participle ticked and tied)

ticks and ties (present singular third-person)
ticking and tying (participle present)
ticked and tied (participle past)
ticked and tied (past)

The leveling diagram can be used as a tick and tie list for the year 2000 team to ensure that no system or piece of hardware that should be fixed is overlooked.

1997, James Edward Keogh, Solving the Year 2000 Problem, page 131:

Rather than diving into the filing cabinets to tick and tie the paper trail, today's external audits start with a proper understanding of the business and the competitive environment in which a company operates.

2003, Mary Pat McCarthy, Tim Flynn, Risk From the CEO and Board Perspective, page 22:

Auditors do not necessarily tick and tie every single position held in a fund.

2012, Jason A. Scharfman, Private Equity Operational Due Diligence, page 239:

(accounting) To make sure that every item in a ledger or in an inventory is accounted for and properly connected to other items to which it relates.


FFO

(accounting) Initialism of funds from operations.


stock account

(business, finance, accounting) An account on a merchant's ledger, one side of which shows the original capital, or stock, and the additions thereto by accumulation or contribution, the other side showing the amounts withdrawn.


fair value

en-noun

fair value (countable and uncountable, plural fair values)

Coordinate term: historical cost

(accounting, economics) A rational, unbiased estimate of the potential market price of goods, services, or assets, taking into account both objective factors (such as production and distributions costs) and subjective factors (such as risks and supply vs. demand).


fixed cost

Coordinate term: variable cost

Rent is a fixed cost.

Our fixed costs are too high.

"Railways have to bear the very high fixed costs associated with the provision and maintenance of a specialised route system for their own exclusive use. [...]"

1962 December, “Dr. Beeching previews the plan for British Railways”, in Modern Railways, page 376:

(accounting, chiefly in the plural) A cost of business which does not vary with output or sales; an overhead.


Big Four

That earned him a professional license he would need if he wanted to rise to the role of US senior partner at PwC, where he leads the Big Four firm's global advisory business and is co-head of its US consulting practice.

2023 November 4, Stephen Foley, Michael O'Dwyer, “Engineer pulls off structural change to lead Big Four firm”, in FT Weekend, page 13:

Any group of four major or largest corporations in a given industry, especially when such a small group has oligopoly or near-oligopoly; as:

(business, accounting) The four largest global auditing firms, comprising Deloitte, Ernst & Young (EY), KPMG, and PwC.


upside-down income statement

upside-down income statement (plural upside-down income statements)

(accounting) A planned income statement laid out in the reverse of the usual order, i.e. starting with the bottom line and continuing with the figures that the business must achieve in order to meet it.


subaccountant

(accounting) A worker who deals with accounts but ranks below an accountant.


cash basis

Coordinate term: accrual basis

(finance, accounting, often attributive) A method of accounting that tracks income and expenditure when they actually occur, rather than when they become due.


runrate

In addition, the group dealt with all the routine tasks served up by a company with a revenue runrate of $40 billion and more than 300,000 owners.

2009, Richard J. Connors, Warren Buffett on Business: Principles from the Sage of Omaha:

(accounting) Extrapolation of financial results into future periods.


limiting factor

limiting factor (plural limiting factors)

management accounting
management accounting

(management accounting) A constraint that limits the business from achieving a higher level of profitability.


GOS

gross operating surplus
gross operating surplus#English

(finance, accounting) Initialism of gross operating surplus.


cookie-jar accounting

(finance, accounting) An accounting practice in which a company takes a quantity of large reserves from an economically successful year and incurs them against losses from less successful years.


subledger

(accounting) A subsidiary ledger dealing with a specific subsection of the general ledger, such as property and equipment costs.


direct cost

Coordinate term: indirect cost

When you deduct the direct and indirect costs, the picture looks a little different. Only mail and coal traffic generated a net revenue when accounting for all costs, not just direct operating costs.

2023 March 8, Gareth Dennis, “The Reshaping of things to come...”, in RAIL, number 978, page 46:

(finance, accounting, business) A cost that can be directly attributed to a cost object (such as a particular project, facility, function, service, or product).


current liability

current liability (plural current liabilities)

(accounting) A liability or financial obligation which will come due in the near-term (often within one year).


tie-out

(finance, accounting, informal) An audit


tie out

en-verb

tie out (third-person singular simple present ties out, present participle tying out, simple past and past participle tied out)

ties out (present singular third-person)
tying out (participle present)
tied out (participle past)
tied out (past)

The prior year's numbers can generally be tied out to previously published numbers, and applicable accounting systems are a good source to garner both the prior and current year numbers.

2015, Joseph D. Rotman, The Industry Accountant's Intelligence Briefing:

(transitive, accounting, finance, informal) To validate or check for accuracy; verify the balance of numbers or figures; audit


aftercost

Merit and value imply comfort. an attractive design. an efficient motor, a sturdy chassis. the use of the best materials, complete equipment of tried accessories and economy in first cost and aftercost.

Of the $5,019-million total ($5,344 million less $325 million for loans), $2,564 million was classified as expenditures for aftercosts of war and $2,455 million for public social welfare or public philanthropy; that is, 51 per cent of the adjusted total expenditures from appropriated funds was disbursed for purposes which fall in our category of aftercosts of war (service-connected) and 49 per cent in our category of public philanthropy (non- service-connected).

1970, Frank Greene Dickinson, The changing position of philanthropy in the American economy:

It may be that the drafters of the regulation considered a State income tax to be an aftercost of earning income.

1995, United States. Tax Court, Reports of the United States Tax Court - Volume 104, page 760:

(accounting) A subsequent expense related to but occurring after the source of an expenditure.


adjusting entry

en-noun

adjusting entry (plural adjusting entries)

(accounting) A journal entry made to ensure that some financial activity is assigned to the posting period in which the activity occurred.


degear

en-verb

degear (third-person singular simple present degears, present participle degearing, simple past and past participle degeared)

degears (present singular third-person)
degearing (participle present)
degeared (participle past)
degeared (past)

If the project is viable on this degeared basis, then leasing is compared in price with other forms of borrowing available.

It should be noted that there exists considerable debate surrounding the parameters used when determining the cost of equity with the CAPM. For example, the beta is often "degeared" in order to arrive at a pure asset beta, ...

2009, Canadian Transportation Research Forum, Proceedings of the ... Annual Conference, page 567:

To remove gearing, a simple weighted average cost of capital model is used: Rₚₜ= {Rₑₜ - (1 - P/Eₜ) R_(dt)}/(P/Eₜ) where Rₚₜ, is the degeared return to the property portfolio; Rₑₜ is the observed equity return; R_(dt) is the return on debt (taken as the long bond yield); and P/Eₜ is the value of the property portfolio as a ratio of shareholder equity.

2012, Michael Ball, Colin Lizieri, Bryan MacGregor, The Economics of Commercial Property Markets, →ISBN, page 321:

(accounting) To calculate the net value of assets after removing both debt and the projected cost of interest on borrowed capital.


unreconcile

unreconcile (third-person singular simple present unreconciles, present participle unreconciling, simple past and past participle unreconciled)

unreconciles (present singular third-person)
unreconciling (participle present)
unreconciled (participle past)
unreconciled (past)

To unreconcile the item, click on the tick. It will disappear and the item will be unreconciled. Remember that all reconciled amounts must be ticked off on the bank statement as reconciled.

2000, Applied Accounting for the Microcomputer User, page 76:

To unreconcile the transaction, start at the main dashboard, click on the bank account and tab across to the list of account transactions. Find the transaction and drill down into it […]

2015, Heather Smith, Xero For Dummies, page 224:

(transitive, accounting) To undo the reconciliation of.


payrun

(accounting) The periodic calculation of a payroll.


cross-cast

cross-cast (third-person singular simple present cross-casts, present participle cross-casting, simple past and past participle cross-cast)

cross-casts (present singular third-person)
cross-casting (participle present)
cross-cast (participle past)
cross-cast (past)

(accounting) To add up the separately computed totals from each column to ensure that they agree with the overall total.


journalization

en-noun

journalization (countable and uncountable, plural journalizations)

(accounting) The act of recording in a journal.


indirect cost

Coordinate term: direct cost

(finance, business, accounting) Any cost that is not directly accountable to a cost object (such as a particular project, facility, function, or product). They include administration, personnel and security costs.


capital adequacy

(accounting) Percentage ratio of a financial institution's primary capital to its assets, used as a measure of its financial strength and stability.


overfoot

en-verb

overfoot (third-person singular simple present overfoots, present participle overfooting, simple past and past participle overfooted)

overfoots (present singular third-person)
overfooting (participle present)
overfooted (participle past)
overfooted (past)

Another device is to underfoot the accounts receivable column and the net cash column in the record of cash receipts and to underfoot the debit or overfoot the credit side of one or more accounts in the customer's ledger by equal amounts.

1932, Frank Hatch Streightoff, Advanced Accounting, page 140:

Stay away from the client or taxpayer who conceals, pads, overstates or understates, alters, duplicates, overfoots or underfoots, diverts, manipulates, omits, falsifies and flagrantly disregards the IRS regulations.

In manually balancing the cash receipts journal prior to posting to the ledgers, it is quite possible to underfoot or overfoot columns deliberately in order to manipulate the account records to cover cash shortages.

1983, Accounting and information systems: instructor's manual, →ISBN, page 258:

(accounting) To assign a column summary that is greater than the sum of all the entries in that column.


single-entry

Coordinate term: double-entry

(accounting) Describing a method of bookkeeping that relies on a one-sided accounting entry to maintain financial information, with each entry appearing only once on one side or other of the account.


BIR

w:Bureau of Internal Revenue (Philippines)

(Philippines, accounting) Initialism of Bureau of Internal Revenue (Philippines).


billback

en-noun

billback (countable and uncountable, plural billbacks)

Take greater advantage of opportunities to recover costs through billback agreements, which allow the Government to make warrantied repairs and obtain reimbursement from the manufacturer when it is impracticable to return trucks to an authorized dealer.

1974, Annual Report of the General Accounting Office, United States: General Accounting Office, page 112:

Please explain the procedure you have established to determine which headquarters activities will be funded through billbacks to the district offices.

1993, United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development, Energy and Water Development Appropriations for 1994:

(accounting) The process of charging the client for a portion of the cost of resources that the client has used in order to recover the capital expense.


retained earnings

(accounting) The amount of net income left over for a business after it has paid out dividends to its shareholders.


ACCA

w:Association of Chartered Certified Accountants

(accounting, organisation) Initialism of Association of Chartered Certified Accountants.


ICAEW

w:Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales

(accounting, organisation) Initialism of Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales.


CIMA

w:Chartered Institute of Management Accountants

(accounting, organisation) Initialism of Chartered Institute of Management Accountants.


inventoriable

inventoriable costs

(accounting) Of costs: being those directly associated with the manufacture of products to be sold.


contingency cost

contingency cost (plural contingency costs)

From contingency + cost. Do not confuse with cost contingencies.

(accounting) An expense incurred precautionarily for a use that may not occur such as an event of damage or a change order.


retail price

(management, accounting) The price that customers pay for goods in stores.


trade date

(accounting) the date on which a security trade occurs.

kaupantekopäivä

The date when a transaction appears in an account


spot date

(accounting) The normal settlement day when the transaction is carried out as soon as practical, i.e. "on the spot".


settlement date

settlement date (plural settlement dates)

(accounting) The date on which a trade (bonds, equities, foreign exchange, commodities, etc.) settles.

suorituspäivä

date when a transaction appears in an account


entry date

(accounting) The date when a transaction (that is, an allocation of funds) appears in an account.

and one distinctly refers to the action itself with Buchung


data processing machine

data processing machine (plural data processing machines)

(computing, accounting, dated) An accounting machine or tabulating machine.


tabulating machine

tabulating machine (plural tabulating machines)

(accounting, computing, statistics, historical) An electromechanical machine used to summarise information and perform accounting calculations.


counterentry

(accounting) Synonym of contra (“entry or account that cancels another entry or account”)


chart of accounts

chart of accounts (plural charts of accounts)

(accounting) A list of financial accounts set up, usually by an accountant, for an organization, and available for use by the bookkeeper for recording transactions in the organization's general ledger.


nowhere income

The bill seems to me, and I have not had a very careful reading of it, but it looks like a tax exemption for big business and it looks to me like it will assuredly create additional nowhere income for income tax purposes for corporations that are doing business in most of the States.

1979, Byron Dorgan, quotee, “Panel of State Tax Commissioners: Byron Dorgan, State Tax Commissioner, State of North Dakota, and Roboert Corcoran, Deputy Director, Department of Revenue, State of Montana”, in Interstate Taxation, S. 2173: Hearings before the Committee on the Judiciary United States Senate, Ninety-Fifth Congress, First and Second Sessions on Interstate Taxation, U.S. Government Printing Office, page 408:

In fact, the Congressional Research Service found, in its report on the issue of a physical presence nexus standard, that in many instances corporations could in fact produce large quantities of nowhere income, meaning that it is not taxed anywhere.

2006, Dan Bucks, quotee, “Statement of Michael Mundaca, Partner, Ernst & Young, LLP, National Tax Department, International Tax Services, Washington, DC”, in How Much Should Borders Matter? Tax Jurisdiction in the New Economy: Hearing before the Subcommittee on International Trade of the Committee on Finance, United Sates Senate, One Hundred Ninth Congress, Second Session, U.S. Government Printing Office, page 28:

A number of states use throwback rules to eliminate the nowhere income that arises because of P.L. 86-272.

2007, Donald Bruce, John Deskins, William F. Fox, “On the Extent, Growth, and Efficiency Consequences of State”, in Alan J. Auerbach, James R. Hines Jr., Joel Slemrod, editors, Taxing Corporate Income in the 21st Century, Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 235:

(US, accounting) Income that is generated in the United States by a corporation but that is not taxed by the destination US state (the state in which a buyer, for example, is based), due to the state not having the jurisdiction to tax the corporation.


EaaS

EaaS (countable and uncountable, plural EaaS's or EaaSes)

(human resources, accounting) Initialism of efficiency-as-a-service.


item journal

(accounting, business) A journal to adjust inventory in connection with purchases, sales, and positive and negative adjustments.


sale journal

(accounting, business) A specialized accounting journal and also a prime entry book used in an accounting system to record the sales of items by customers.


purchase journal

purchase journal (plural purchase journals)

(accounting, business) A specialized accounting journal and also a prime entry book used in an accounting system to keep track of the orders of items placed using accounts payable.


transaction journal

transaction journal (plural transaction journals)

(accounting) A type of accounting record used to enter business activity not involving money changing hands.


source document

source document (plural source documents)

An original document or record that provides proof of activity that is summarized elsewhere (e.g. case notes, medical chart, diary entry, minutes of a meeting, etc.).

(accounting) A document that provides official notification of a credit or debit to an account, such as a bank statement, bill of sale, invoice, receipt, etc.

verantwoordingsstuk

(accounting) document that provides official notification of a credit or debit to an account


debit balance

Coordinate term: credit balance

(accounting) The amount by which debits exceed credits.


credit balance

Coordinate term: debit balance

(accounting) The amount by which credits exceed debits.


perpetual inventory

Coordinate term: periodic inventory

(accounting) A system of maintaining a business' inventory in which changes to the inventory are recorded in real time, so that the inventory is always accurate.


periodic inventory

Coordinate term: perpetual inventory

(accounting) A system of assessing a business' inventory in which updates are made on a periodic basis, so that a completely accurate account is only available immediately after the update.


annual accounts

(accounting) The complete accounting record for a fiscal year.


operating cost

(business, accounting) Expense which is related to the operation of a business.


operating income

(business, accounting) Income from doing business (as opposed to unearned income such as interest) with operating expenses subtracted, but before taxes have been subtracted.


debit note

Coordinate term: credit note

(accounting) A commercial document issued by a seller in order to adjust upwards the amount of an invoice already issued.


cost object

(accounting) Something to which costs are assigned; anything for which a separate measurement of cost is required.


accrual basis

Coordinate term: cash basis

(finance, accounting, often attributive) A method of accounting that tracks income and expenditure when they become due, rather than when they actually occur.


capital investment

capital investment (plural capital investments)

(business, accounting) Money that is spent on permanent assets (fixed assets) of a business, as opposed to operating expenses.


nominal value

(finance, accounting) The value or price of something, with no adjustments for inflation.


hidden asset

(accounting) An asset that is not shown on a balance sheet.


Van Camp accounting

Named after a divorce case, Van Camp v. Van Camp (1921).

Coordinate term: Pereira accounting

(accounting) One of the two methods of California community property law used to deal with community funds or labor that is used to enhance the value of separate property.


Pereira accounting

Named after a divorce case, Pereira v. Pereira (1909).

Coordinate term: Van Camp accounting

(US, accounting) One of two methods used in California community property law to determine the manner in which to divide the value of a business between separate property and community property.


unit of account

unit of account (plural units of account)

(economics, finance, accounting) A standard numerical monetary unit of measurement of the market value of goods, services, and other transactions.


historical cost

historical cost (plural historical costs)

Coordinate term: fair value

(accounting) The original nominal monetary value of an economic item; the value at which an item was acquired by a company and was entered in its books.


adjustment account

adjustment account (plural adjustment accounts)

lt is also relevant to mention that there would be no effect on the profit of the Corporation even if the liability was written back through 'prior period adjustment account'.

1976, Food Corporation of India, Annual Report - Food Corporation of India, page 100:

[…] your adjustment account should be an expense account for reducing inventory and an income account when increasing inventory.

2006, Kathy Ivens, Running QuickBooks 2007 Premier Editions, page 49:

The impact will be disclosed by establishment of an inventory adjustment account and a cost of goods sold adjustment account at the cost basis of the merchandise sold.

2008, Bill D. Jarnagin, U.S. Master GAAP Guide, page 622:

However, if goods are returned by branch to HO, the loading is cancelled by debit to adjustment account.

2016, Sehgal Deepak, Financial Accounting, page 20-3:

(accounting) An account used in double-entry bookkeeping to represent the other side of adjustments that need to be made.


financial asset

financial asset (plural financial assets)

(accounting) A non-physical asset whose value is derived from a contractual claim, such as bank deposits, bonds, and participations in companies' share capital.


solvency margin

solvency margin (plural solvency margins)

(insurance, accounting) The amount of money that remains after subtracting any debts owing.


retained income

retained income (countable and uncountable, plural retained incomes)

retained earnings
retained earnings#English

(accounting) Synonym of retained earnings


badwill

Secondly, the European Central Bank encouraged banks in July to recognise an accounting gain known as negative goodwill, or “badwill”, that they generate when they buy a rival below tangible book value, or at a lower price than the sum of its assets minus liabilities.

2020 September 10, “Why are European banks merging?”, in The Economist:

(accounting) negative goodwill, i.e. if the price is less than the fair market value


statement of accounts

statement of accounts (plural statement of accountses)


FASB

Financial Accounting Standards Board
w:Financial Accounting Standards Board

(accounting) Initialism of Financial Accounting Standards Board.


PCAOB

w:Public Company Accounting Oversight Board

(accounting) Initialism of Public Company Accounting Oversight Board.


RONA

(economics, accounting) Acronym of return on net assets.


accounting equation

accounting equation (plural accounting equations)

(accounting) The fundamental equation of the double-entry bookkeeping system: assets = liabilities + equity.


EFCA

environmental full-cost accounting
w:environmental full-cost accounting

(accounting) Initialism of environmental full-cost accounting.


SALN

w:statement of assets, liabilities and net worth

(Philippines, accounting) Acronym of statement of assets, liabilities and net worth.


chain-ladder method

(accounting) An actuarial loss reserving technique based on the assumption that historical loss development patterns are indicative of future loss development patterns.


close the books

en-verb

close the books (third-person singular simple present closes the books, present participle closing the books, simple past and past participle closed the books)

closes the books (present singular third-person)
closing the books (participle present)
closed the books (participle past)
closed the books (past)

(idiomatic, finance, accounting) To finalize the financial records for a specific accounting period; to cease trading.


book credit

(accounting, dated) In a ledger, an amount credited to a named account.


book of first entry

en-noun

book of first entry (plural books of first entry)

(business, finance, accounting) An accounting book or journal where all transactions are initially recorded.