definite clause

en-noun

definite clause (plural definite clauses)

The clauses #92;negp#92;veeq, #92;negp#92;vee#92;negq#92;veer, and #92;negp#92;vee#92;negq#92;vee#92;negr#92;vees are examples of definite clauses. At least in classical logic these would be equivalent to the formulae p#92;rightarrowq, (p#92;wedgeq)#92;rightarrowr, and (p#92;wedgeq#92;wedger)#92;rightarrows, respectively.

(logic) A Horn clause with exactly one positive literal.


antimetaphysical

en-adj

antimetaphysical (comparative more antimetaphysical, superlative most antimetaphysical)

more antimetaphysical (comparative)
most antimetaphysical (superlative)

There are, I contend, a number of reasons why Goddess feminists may be considered to be antimetaphysical in their attitude to the world[…]

2007, Paul Reid-Bowen, Goddess as nature: towards a philosophical thealogy, page 42:

(philosophy) Opposed to the classical Greek or religious metaphysics.


Horn clause

Named after American logician Alfred Horn (1918–2001).

named-after

(logic) A clause (disjunction of literals) with at most one positive literal.


cognitive relativism

Cognitive relativism, as it is presented in the Fables, is simply a recognition that knowledge is dependent on the conditions and the instruments of knowing, some of which are more reliable than others. La Fontaine's approach to cognitive relativism is descriptive and monitory.

1996, Catherine Grisé, The Optics of Relativism in the Fables of La Fontaine, in Anne Lynn Birberick (editor), Refiguring la Fontaine: Tercentenary Studies, page 127

Our main thesis is that cognitive relativism is a position that no scientist (in either the natural or the social sciences) should wish to embrace, and that methodological relativism makes sense only if one adheres to cognitive relativism.

2001, Jean Bricmont, Alan Sokal, “Chapter 3: Science and Sociology of Science: Beyond War and Peace”, in Jay A. Labinger, Harry M. Collins, editors, One Culture?: A Conversation about Science, page 38:

Whereas moral relativism deals with matters of value, cognitive relativism deals with matters of fact (although sharp distinctions may at times be difficult to make) (Hollis and Lukes 1982, p. 2).

2003, Shelby D. Hunt, Controversy in Marketing Theory: For Reason, Realism, Truth, and Objectivity, page 102:

(philosophy, sociology) The view that the cognitive styles or habits of perception, reasoning, judgment, and knowledge of the world are not absolute, but are relative to historical eras and to various cultures.


antirationalism

(philosophy) The philosophical position that opposes rationalism.


antirationalist

en-adj

antirationalist (comparative more antirationalist, superlative most antirationalist)

more antirationalist (comparative)
most antirationalist (superlative)

(philosophy) Opposing philosophical rationalism.


antirationalist

(philosophy) One who rejects philosophical rationalism.

antirracionalista

one who rejects philosophical rationalism


constructive logic

en-noun

constructive logic (countable and uncountable, plural constructive logics)

(logic) Any kind of logic in which any proof of existence can be converted into an algorithm that constructs the mathematical object which it claims to exist.


prime formula

prime formula (plural prime formulas or prime formulae)

prime formulas (plural)
prime formulae (plural)

(logic) A well-formed formula which has not been made by combining simpler well-formed formulas by means of logical connectives.

peruslause

well-formed formula that is not combined from other, simpler formulas


logical connective

logical connective (plural logical connectives)

material implication
material implication

(logic) A truth-valued function such as (the usual suspects): conjunction, disjunction, negation, and material implication.


formation rule

(logic) Any of a set of rules used to construct well-formed formulas of a formal language.


inference rule

(logic, proof theory) A rule for combining (or modifying) well-formed formulas of a formal language in a truth-preserving manner (to yield new well-formed formulas).


Proserpina

From Latin Prōserpina from Ancient Greek Περσεφόνη (Persephónē) by metathesis perhaps first in Magna Graecia via a Sicilian Doric Greek Προσερπίνα (Proserpína) or Ionic Greek Προσερπίνη (Proserpínē), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *pers-o- (“sheaf of corn, grain, seed”) and *gʷʰn̥-t- (“to strike”), meaning 'corn-thresher'.

der

(Roman mythology) The goddess of springtime, queen of the underworld; the Roman equivalent of Persephone.

(astrology) A fictitious planet beyond Pluto.


dysteleology

(philosophy) The view that existence has no telos or final cause from purposeful design.


bonnacon

(mythology) A mythical bovine creature with huge curved horns that produces burning dung.


existential instantiation

en-noun

existential instantiation (plural existential instantiations)

(logic) In predicate logic, an inference rule of the form ∃x P(x) ⊢ P(c), where c is a new symbol (not part of the original domain of discourse, but which can stand for an element of it (as in Skolemization)).


conditional proof

conditional proof (plural conditional proofs)

A conditional proof corresponds to the application of what Douglas Hofstadter calls the "Fantasy Rule" in his masterwork "GEB:EGB". Surprisingly, the theory of propositional calculus which he develops in GEB:EGB employs several inference rules but no axioms: the need for any axioms is done away with through application of the Fantasy Rule.

(logic) A proof showing that if an assumption A is true then a consequent statement or conclusion B must also be true, i.e. B is true on the condition that A is true.


deduction theorem

deduction theorem (plural deduction theorems)

The deduction theorem reveals the relationship between logical entailment and material implication: it allows to one to "pack" or "record" an inference into a tautology, and conversely, to "unpack" or "play back" a tautology as an inference process.

(logic) A procedure for "discharging" assumptions from an inference, causing them to become antecedents of the conclusion; or vice versa. Symbolically, the conversion of an inference of the form P,A⊢C to an inference of the form P⊢A→C or vice versa, where ⊢ is the turnstile symbol. The validity of the procedure is a metatheorem of the given logical theory.


ectype

From Ancient Greek ἔκτυπος (éktupos, “worked in relief”), from ἐκ- (ek-) + τύπος (túpos).

der

If my account is correct, both archetypes and ectypes are 'real' insofar as they are composed of ideas of sensation. But I draw a distinction that Johnson does not acknowledge, viz., a distinction between ontological and epistemic ectypes.

2001, Hermathena: A Trinity College Dublin Review, numbers 170-172, page 30:

The painting traces itself from itself by suddenly appearing in these ectypes. But the ectypes only mark the final accomplishment of this sudden appearance.

2004, Jean-Luc Marion, translated by James K. A. Smith, The Crossing of the Visible, page 38:

It is likely that little attention has been paid to the archetype/ectype relationship in Kant scholarship in the English speaking world partly as a result of inconsistent translations of the German terms “Urbild” and “Nachbild” that make it difficult to even notice the relationship.

2008, Ryan L. Showler, Archetypal and Ectypal Ideals in Kant's Practical Philosophy, page 51:

(philosophy) A copy, reproduction; especially as contrasted with the original, archetype, or prototype.


rhizomatic

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ῥιζωματικός (rhizōmatikós).

bor

(philosophy) Employing rhizomes; not arborescent; spreading without a traditional hierarchy.


consensus theorem

(logic) The following theorem of Boolean algebra: XY+X'Z+YZ=XY+X'Z where YZ, the algebraically redundant term, is called the "consensus term", or its dual form (X+Y)(X'+Z)(Y+Z)=(X+Y)(X'+Z), in which case Y+Z is the consensus term. (Note: X+Y,X'+Z⊢Y+Z is an example of the resolution inference rule (replacing the + with ∨ and the prime with prefix ¬ might make this more evident).)


Cloelia

From Latin Cloelia, feminine form of the gens name Cloelius, Cluilius, from clueo.

(Roman mythology) A woman who saved Roman hostages from the Clusian camp.


Freyja

Borrowed from Old Norse Freyja, from freyja (“lady”), from Proto-Germanic *frawjǭ.

(Norse mythology) A deity among the Vanir associated with sex, death, and seiðr, who receives half of those who die in battle in the afterlife field Fólkvangr (the other half going to Odin's hall, Valhalla), and whose brother is Freyr.


casualism

en-noun

casualism (countable and uncountable, plural casualisms)

(uncountable, philosophy) The doctrine that all things exist, or are based on, randomness.


Banba

(Irish mythology) A patron goddess of Ireland.


sobornost

Some post-Soviet writers see sobornost’ as a – if not the – defining element in giving distinctiveness to Russian civilization.

2004, James H Billington, Russia in Search of Itself, page 146:

Sobornost signifies the essentially extrapersonal (supra-personal) and a-temporal nature of aesthetic consciousness.

2007, Paul Haffner, Mystery of the Church, page 132:

Key to his thought was a concept which has become central to modern Russian Orthodox thinking, Sobornost’, the proposition that freedom is inseparable from unity, communion or community.

2009, Diarmaid MacCulloch, A History of Christianity, Penguin, published 2010, page 851:

(philosophy, theology) A unity of people in loving fellowship.


Voltairism

Voltairism (usually uncountable, plural Voltairisms)

(philosophy) The theories, philosophies, or practices of Voltaire.


obligable

en-adj

obligable (comparative more obligable, superlative most obligable)

more obligable (comparative)
most obligable (superlative)

/ˈɒblɪɡəbəl/

(philosophy) Such that a person is obliged to do it; mandatory.


Argean

Argean (comparative more Argean, superlative most Argean)

more Argean (comparative)
most Argean (superlative)

(Greek mythology) Alternative form of Argoan (“of or pertaining to the mythical ship Argo.”)


collectional

Such quantifiers are characterized as dispensive(or distributive), and are distinguished from collective reference (e.g. "All S, taken together, are P") and collectional reference (e.g. "All S, separately but simultaneously, are P").

The aggregation relationship appears like a family of four different kinds of relationships. We note Aₑ the set relationship, Aₛ the segmentational one, A_f the functional one, and A_c, the collectional one.

1996, John E.E. Sharpe, AI System Support for Conceptual Design, page 324:

For an infinite of finite order multiplied into itself gives a higher order. That is not the case with collectional infinities. On the contrary, each is the exponential of the preceding.

2022, Stetson J. Robinson, The Correspondence of Charles S. Peirce and the Open Court Publishing Company, 1890–1913, page 493:

(logic) Pertaining to all elements of a collection simultaneously, rather than to the individual elements of the collection or to the collection as a whole.


Slovak Republic

First Slovak Republic
First Slovak Republic

(historical, fascism) The First Slovak Republic from 14 March 1939 to 4 April 1945.


semisextile

1825, Society of the Mercurii (LONDON), The Astrologer of the Nineteenth Century; Or, The Master Key of Futurity, and Guide to Ancient Mysteries, Being a Complete System of Occult Philosophy. ... By the Members of the Mercurii; Raphael, the Metropolitan Astrologer; the Editor of the Prophetic Almanack; and Other Sideral Artists. ... The Seventh Edition, Supervised ... by Merlinus Anglius, Junior, Gent. [i.e. R. C. Smith]., page 265:
The semisextile, or twelfth part of a circle , is a distance of thirty degrees in the zodiac[…]

(astrology) An aspect of the planets when they are distant from each other the twelfth part of a circle, or thirty degrees.


sea king

(mythology or fiction) Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: A ruler of the seas, e.g. Poseidon.


geotic

From geo- + -ic. The OED claims that it was likely a mistaken form of goetic that gained some currency due to its presence in Samuel Johnson's 1755 dictionary.

(rare, chiefly mysticism or religion) Part of or related to the earth; geological or terrestrial.


vacuist

(philosophy) A believer in vacuism; someone who holds the doctrine that there is a vacuum in the space between the bodies of the universe, or the molecules and atoms of matter.

vacuista

One who holds the doctrine that the space between the bodies of the universe, or the molecules and atoms of matter, is a vacuum


epichirema

en-noun

epichirema (plural epichiremas or epichiremata)

epichiremas (plural)
epichiremata (plural)
epicheirema (alternative)

Borrowed from Latin, itself a borrowing from Ancient Greek ἐπιχείρημα (epikheírēma).

(rhetoric, logic) A syllogism in which the proof of the major or minor premise, or both, is introduced with the premises themselves, and the conclusion is derived in the ordinary manner.


prosyllogism

(logic) A syllogism that is preliminary or logically essential to another syllogism.

(logic) The conclusion of such a syllogism, which becomes a premise of the following syllogism.


identism

(philosophy) The doctrine that states of the mind and states of the brain are identical.


unqualitied

en-adj

unqualitied (comparative more unqualitied, superlative most unqualitied)

more unqualitied (comparative)
most unqualitied (superlative)


obversion

en-noun

obversion (countable and uncountable, plural obversions)

All men are mortal, so, by obversion, no men are immortal.

From 'warmth is agreeable' we can affirm, by formal obversion, 'warmth is not disagreeable, and not indifferent.' We cannot affirm, without an examination of the subject matter, 'cold is disagreeable.'

(logic) An immediate inference that denies the opposite of something previously affirmed.


Vedantist

(philosophy) Someone versed in the doctrines of the Vedanta.


percipiendum

(philosophy) That which is to be perceived.


incomplex

en-adj

incomplex (comparative more incomplex, superlative most incomplex)

more incomplex (comparative)
most incomplex (superlative)

And as the Ear is in Birds the most simple and incomplex of any Animals Ear; so we may from it make an easy and rational Judgment how Hearing is performed […]

1742, William Derham, Physico-theology; Or, A Demonstration of the Being and Attributes of God, from His Works of Creation:

[…] for otherwise, it is unintelligible how any incomplex thing, as they speak, can be the complete or immediate object of belief.

1831, Isaac Barrow, “Sermon IV. Of Justifying Faith”, in The Works of Dr. Isaac Barrow: Sermons on the Apostles' creed:

There are two kinds of simple apprehension, incomplex and complex. This appears to us very much like saying, there are two kinds of raspberry tart, raspberry and raspberry and red current tart; simple incomplex being faintly tautologous, and simple complex hopelessly bewildering.

1853, Ignoratio Elenchi, A Treatise on Logic, Not Exactly on the Basis of Aldrich, page 2:

The number which expresses units only is called a whole, a simple, or an incomplex number. That which expresses units and parts of units taken together, is called a fractionary, a compound, or a complex number.

1861, Bewich Bridge, “On the different kinds of numbers”, in An elementary treatise on algebra, page 125:

And from this difference there follow all others which are usually said, such as that the what of the name may be of complex non-beings, by accidental, common, or extraneous characteristics; while the what of the thing is of an incomplex being known properly and essentially.

2010, Joshua P. Hochschild, The Semantics of Analogy: Rereading Cajetan's De Nominum Analogia:

For Ockham, all acts are either incomplex or complex. Incomplex acts of the intellect are for instance acts of intuitive cognition, that is, of intellectually grasping particular things in their very presence or acts of merely tokening concepts, whereas an act of entertaining a thought that p or an act of judging that p are complex.

2018, Jenny Pelletier, Magali Roques, editors, The Language of Thought in Late Medieval Philosophy:

(especially philosophy) Not complex; simple.


incomplex

The source of Duns's error is to regard virtual knowledge as the property of something simple, so that knowledge of one incomplex can engender knowledge of another incomplex.

1975, Gordon Leff, William of Ockham: The Metamorphosis of Scholastic Discourse:

For a question may concern either incomplexes or complexes. If it concerns incomplexes, one first asks whether some incomplex is—and this is the whether-question—and then what it is—and this is the what-question.

2012, Gabriele Galluzzo, The Medieval Reception of Book Zeta of Aristotle’s Metaphysics:

(philosophy) An item or thing, as opposed to a relationship between items.


Vulcanian

Directly from Latin Vulcāniānus or from Latin Vulcānius + -an within English, from Vulcānus + -iānus (“-ian”) or -ius (“-y: forming adjectives”). In reference to a type or stage of volcanic activity, via Italian Vulcaniano, with specific reference to Giuseppe Mercalli's observations of the 1888–90 eruptions of the Aeolian island Vulcano. Equivalent to Vulcan + -ian. Doublet of volcanian. Compare slightly earlier Middle French vulcanien.

...Nor cou'd Vulcanian Flame
The Stench abolish; or the Savour tame...

1697, John Dryden translating Vergil as Georgics, Book III, in The Works of Virgil, p. 121

(Roman mythology) Of, related to, or created by Vulcan, the Roman god of fire and metalwork, considered equivalent to the Greek Hephaestus and several German and Celtic gods.

Yet Muto, like a good Vulcanian,
An honest Cuckold, calls the bastard sonne,
And brags of that which others for him done.

1598, John Marston, “Certaine Satyres”, in The Metamorphosis of Pigmalions Image..., page 41:

(rare, obsolete) Alternative letter-case form of vulcanian, a cuckold.


inconcludent

inconcludent (comparative more inconcludent, superlative most inconcludent)

more inconcludent (comparative)
most inconcludent (superlative)

But it is wrong to say that these propositions can be deduced from, or proved by, the premisses associated with them, and that the "clearest sign" that the pair is inconcludent is the fact that "the conclusions deduced from them destroy one another": the conclusion simply cannot be 'inferred' from the given propositions —and in any case they do not contradict one another since they are about different terms.

2013, G. Patzig, Aristotle’s Theory of the Syllogism, page 175:


Mothman

(cryptozoology, ufology) A legendary creature, regarded as a cryptid or alien, reportedly seen in West Virginia in the mid-1960s.


Pegasean

Pegasean (comparative more Pegasean, superlative most Pegasean)

more Pegasean (comparative)
most Pegasean (superlative)

Deſcend from Heav'n Urania, by that name / If rightly thou art call'd, whoſe Voice divine / Following, above th' Olympian Hill I ſoare, / Above the flight of Pegaſean wing.

1667, John Milton, “Book VII”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC, lines 1–4:

(Greek mythology) Of or pertaining to the mythical winged horse Pegasus.


cerebralism

en-noun

cerebralism (usually uncountable, plural cerebralisms)

(philosophy, uncountable) The doctrine that non-physical phenomena are functions or products of the brain only.


Hero

(Greek mythology) Any of a number of legendary men and women, including the priestess loved by Leander.


sublineation

sublineation (usually uncountable, plural sublineations)

Philosophy interested him, and I found my own education improving with Socrates' as he led me deeper and deeper into mazes of idealism, epistemology and sublineation.

1954, Judith Merril, Selections from Beyond Human Ken, page 182:

(philosophy) A branch of philosophy concerned with understanding of language.


Astraea

Translingual: Astraea

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Ἀστραῖα (Astraîa, literally “star maiden”)

lbor

(Greek mythology) The Greek goddess of stars and justice; similar to Dike, equivalent to the Roman goddess Justitia.


Parthenope

From Latin Parthenopē, from Ancient Greek Παρθενόπη (Parthenópē, from παρθένος (parthénos, “virgin, virginal”) + ὄψ (óps, “voice”)).

der

(Greek mythology) One of the sirens, daughter of the god Achelous and the Muse Terpsichore.


Egeria

On the heroine of his play he dwelt with the passionate fondness of a lover: there the real mingled with the ideal: could he write of love, and not think of Ethel Churchill? She was the Egeria of his heart, who taught him all the truth of tenderness.

1837, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], “A London Life”, in Ethel Churchill: Or, The Two Brides. […], volume I, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 165:

(Roman mythology) A nymph or minor goddess from Roman mythology.


Eunomia

From Ancient Greek Εὐνομία (Eunomía, “Order of Law, Good Order”).


Fortuna

(Roman mythology) The Roman goddess of luck, fortune and fate, equivalent to the Greek goddess Tyche.


Bellona

But time will teach the Russ, ev'n conquering War
Has handmaid arts: aye, aye, the Russ will woo
All sciences that speed Bellona's car,
All murder's tactic arts, and win them too […]

1831, Thomas Campbell, The Power of Russia:

(Roman mythology) Roman goddess of war, wife or sister of Mars. Equivalent to the Greek goddess Enyo.


Amphitrite

From Ancient Greek Ἀμφιτρίτη (Amphitrítē).

(Greek mythology) A nymph, the wife of Poseidon.


Leukothea

From Ancient Greek Λευκοθέα; "white goddess".

(Greek mythology) A nymph or minor sea goddess of Greek mythology.


Fides

(Roman mythology) Roman goddess of trust and loyalty. Her Greek equivalent was Pistis.


Newton's flaming laser sword

Named after Isaac Newton. Coined by Australian mathematician and philosopher Mike Alder in 2004 in an article of the same title, to be hyperbolically “much sharper and more dangerous than Occam's razor”.

coinage

Coordinate term: Occam's razor

Mathematicians and scientists feel that they have found a more difficult but much more satisfying game to play. Newton's Flaming Laser Sword is one of the rules of that game.

2004, Mike Alder, “Newton's Flaming Laser Sword, Or: Why Mathematicians and Scientists don't like Philosophy but do it anyway”, in Philosophy now, volume 46, archived from the original on 2011-11-14, pages 29–32:

Also, I invoke Newton's Flaming Laser Sword on this thread.

2010 October 25, "Valhallen", “Re: The meaning of the universe explained by Jesus”, in Snafu Comics, retrieved 2011-12-05:

I prefer to be anti-religion and live by Newton's flaming laser sword, Occam's Razor and Hanlon's Razor.

2011 January 5, "Arkhanno", “Re: Atheists don't know how to reason”, in I Wanna Be The Forums, retrieved 2011-12-05:

What is the actual point of adding in God to your equation if it is a^([sic]) unknown domain? So, we remove such variables using the Newton's Flaming Laser Sword.

2011 January 8, "Azwraith", “Atheism - Belief? Religion? (comment)”, in Minegarde, retrieved 2011-12-05:

Just demanding there is nothing you can do, because the flashy light told you so is grounds for Newton's Flaming Laser Sword.

2011 July 19, "Drastic", “Thought Experiment Regarding Morality (comment)”, in That Guy With the Glasses, retrieved 2011-12-05:

Put as much math as you want to it, and it's still a philosophical statement... to which I say that Newton's Flaming Laser Sword is the best response: "what cannot be settled by experiment is not worth debating".

2011 September 12, "Decivre", “Open thread on Episode #726 (comment)”, in The Atheist Experience, retrieved 2011-12-05:

(philosophy) A philosophical razor which states that what cannot be settled by experiment is not worth debating.


levelism

Reality can be studied at different levels, so forms of 'levelism' have often been advocated in the past. In the 1970s, levelism nicely doevetailed with the computational turn and became a standard approach both in science and philosophy.

2013, Luciano Floridi, The Philosophy of Information, page 47:

Epistemological levelism, based on levels of abstraction, endorses pluralism without falling into relativism or perspectivism, since "the explicit reference to the LoA makes it clear that the model of a system is a function of the available observables, and that it is reasonable to rank different LoAs and to compare and assess the corresponding models" (Floridi 2011a, 75; 2011b, 292).

2017, Massimo Durante, Ethics, Law and the Politics of Information, page 12:

There is the "levelism" of the rich repertoire of mathematical hierarchies, mainly the domain of the logician—in general, mathematicians like to be given a specific informational context to solve their puzzles within.

2017, Juliet Floyd, Alisa Bokulich, Philosophical Explorations of the Legacy of Alan Turing, page 247:

(philosophy) The use of different levels of abstraction in order to understand something.


Perseid

Perseids (plural)
Perseidae (plural)
Perseide (alternative archaic)
Perseïde (alternative archaic)

Borrowed from Latin Perseidēs m, from Ancient Greek Περσείδης m (Perseídēs), from Περσεύς (Perseús) + -ίδης (-ídēs). By surface analysis, Perseus + -id.

Thus the Family of Pelops got the poſſeſſion of two Kingdoms, and became ſuperior in Wealth and Power to the Perſeids their Rivals.

1735, Thomas Blackwell, An Enquiry Into the Life and Writings of Homer, page 20:

[…] the Perseids, who reigned at Mycenæ […]

1858, W. E. Gladstone, Studies on Homer and the Homeric age, page 365:

[…] Heracles, who traces his lineage back to the two great families in the Argolid, the Perseids and the Pelopids […]

2019, Olga Zekiou, The Poetics of the Homeric Citadel, page 66:

(Greek mythology) A descendant of Perseus.


Perseid

Perseide (alternative archaic)
Perseïde (alternative archaic)

The deſcendants and partiſans of the great Hercules, the moſt illuſtrious hero of the Perſeid line, were diveſted of their poſſeſſions, and driven into baniſhment.

1787, John Gillies, The History of Ancient Greece, page 95:

[…] the Perseid line […]

1814, William Mitford, The History of Greece, volume 8, London, page 4:

We here reach the commencement of the Perseid dynasty of Mykênæ.

1869, George Grote, A History of Greece, page 90:

(Greek mythology) Of or relating to the Perseids.


Midgard

From Icelandic, from Old Norse Miðgarðr.

(Norse mythology) The Earth of traditional Germanic cosmology, conceived as a middle realm between heaven (Asgard) and hell (Helheim); the abode of human beings, between those of the gods (Æsir) and the dead.

Midgård

the abode of humans, between heaven and hell


Benthamism

(philosophy) The utilitarianist doctrines of Jeremy Bentham.


Lotophagi

Latin, from Ancient Greek Λωτοφάγος (Lōtophágos).

(Greek mythology) The lotus eaters; a people visited by Ulysses who subsisted on the lotus.


Anahita

From Old Persian 𐎠𐎴𐏃𐎡𐎫 (a-n-h-i-t /anahita/).

Anahit (alternative Armenian)
Nahid (alternative)

(Iranian mythology) the name of an Iranian goddess, associated with fertility, healing and wisdom.


trivialism

en-noun

trivialism (countable and uncountable, plural trivialisms)

If it is possible for trivialism to be true, it may be false as well as true that all humans are mammals […]

2004, Graham Priest, J. C. Beall, Bradley Armour-Garb, The Law of Non-contradiction: New Philosophical Essays, page 252:

This charge of trivialism is also called the principle of explosion […]

2008, Peter Baofu, The future of post-human mathematical logic, page 97:

Trivialism is pretty hopeless as a philosophy, although it is very easy to defend/maintain verbally!

2012, Koji Tanaka, Francesco Berto, Edwin Mares, Paraconsistency: Logic and Applications, page 296:

(logic) The theory that every proposition and its negation is true.


intuitionalism

(philosophy) The doctrine that the perception or recognition of primary truth is intuitive, or direct and immediate.


Plato's Cave

Described by Plato in the Allegory of the Cave in the Republic.

(philosophy, epistemology) An allegorical cave whose unwitting, chained inhabitants perceive reality only in the form of shadow puppetry cast by the light of a man-made fire, lacking any awareness of the limitations of their perspective or its constructed nature.

Allegory of the Cave
Plato
Republic (Plato)


hystory

hystory (countable and uncountable, plural hystories)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-hystory.wav

Wordplay, replacing the supposed occurrence of the male pronoun his with hystero-; compare herstory.

(feminism, very rare) Nonstandard spelling of history.


biotics

That part of biotics which is a defense against suffering, and accordingly also ethics later on, has four divisions, in correspondence with those four sources of suffering: subhuman nature, man's own nature, his living together with fellow-men, and superhuman powers.

1960, Roland Houde, Joseph Patrick Michael Mullally, Philosophy of Knowledge: Selected Readings, page 16:

More broadly, communal biotics, or ethics, elevates diminution of suffering into a common goal, while culture is that aspect of communal biotics in which people share enjoyment.

1983, William M. Johnston, The Austrian Mind: An Intellectual and Social History, 1848-1938, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 200:

Such art of living, or biotics, practiced first instinctively and changing later into conscious maxims, is not yet ethics (just as that other part of biotics, with the positive aim of enjoyment, is not yet culture).

2012, Felix M. Cleve, The Giants of Pre-Sophistic Greek Philosophy, page xxxvi:

(ethics) The promotion of enjoyment and the reduction of suffering.


retroduction

retroduction (countable and uncountable, plural retroductions)

From Latin retroducere, retroductum (“to lead or bring back”), from retro (“backward”) + ducere (“to lead”).

Whereas retroduction involves one step, and deduction involves two, induction, as the third stage, involves three: classification, probationary argument, and appraisal of the probations.

1995, Douglas R. Anderson, Strands of System: The Philosophy of Charles Peirce, page 161:

Note that deduction and retroduction employ the same form of logical statement to determine either the post- or precondition, respectively.

2008, Michael L. Morrison, William M. Block, M. Dale Strickland, Wildlife Study Design, page 11:

What distinguishes retroduction from the other two main forms of inference employed in inquiry into nature, deduction and induction (inductive generalization), is its reliance on explanatory quality for its epistemic force (McMullin 1992).

2010, Janet Broughton, John Carriero, A Companion to Descartes, page 86:


semiquintile

(astrology) An aspect of the planets when distant from each other half of the quintile, or thirty-six degrees.


episyllogism

(logic) A syllogism which assumes as one of its premises a proposition which was the conclusion of a preceding syllogism (the prosyllogism).


metaknowledge

metaknowledge (usually uncountable, plural metaknowledges)

metaknowledges (plural)
meta-knowledge (alternative)

/ˈmɛtəˌnɒlɪd͡ʒ/

Metaknowledge is knowledge about knowledge […] The hallmark of metaknowledge is its being a matter of knowing propositions in which one K[nowledge]-operator occurs within the scope of another. Knowledge about someone's ignorance thus counts as metaknowledge.

2005, Nicholas Rescher, Epistemic Logic: A Survey of the Logic of Knowledge, →ISBN, page 20 (Google preview):

(philosophy) Knowledge about knowledge itself (for example, epistemologic awareness).


analogist

The analogist does not think that a bee, a flower and a human are the same in body nor in soul, but presupposes that all of them are affected by processes that are not only external to them, but frame and enable their possibilities of daily experience.

2021, Andrew M. Davis, Maria-Teresa Teixeira, Wm. Andrew Schwartz, Process Cosmology: New Integrations in Science and Philosophy, page 118:

This kind of practice, together with its extension in Chinese cosmology to everything from bodily organs to emotions to animal kinds to colours to flavours to kin relations to positions in the overall social hierarchy, suggests for Descola that the world is perceived by analogists as fundamentally being made up of myriad ontological singularities, defined in terms of discontinuities on the level of both physicality and interiority.

2021, William Matthews, Cosmic Coherence, page 38:


analogist

en-adj

analogist (comparative more analogist, superlative most analogist)

more analogist (comparative)
most analogist (superlative)

This is what characterises his 'analogist' mode, and indeed, he takes China as a paradigmatic example of an analogist society,

The analogist disposition treats difference not just as a demagogic commitment to "democratic diversity," but as a true metaphysical condition of things that needs to be a relevant factor for any epistemically virtuous philosophy.


apagoge

en-noun

apagoge (countable and uncountable, plural apagoges)

/ˈæ.pə.ɡəʊ.d͡ʒi/

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀπαγωγή (apagōgḗ).

(logic) An indirect argument which proves a thing by showing the impossibility or absurdity of the contrary.

apagogie

an indirect argument which proves a thing by showing the impossibility or absurdity of the contrary


transtemporal

Yet as Locke, for example, clearly recognized, the transtemporal numerical identity of particular vegetables and animals is nevertheless determined by a continuant, namely a form of 'organization' sufficient to maintain vegetable or animal life: that is, to maintain the intrinsic properties of particular vegetables or animals.

1994, John D Greenwood, Realism, Identity and Emotion: Reclaiming Social Psychology, →ISBN:

Recall that one's personal essence is constituted as having a transtemporal validity by position-taking acts. I constitute myself as a personal essence with acts whose validity is “from now on.”

2009, James Hart, Who One Is: Book 2: Existenz and Transcendental Phenomenology, →ISBN:


gynosphinx

gynosphinx (plural gynosphinxes or gynosphinges)

gynosphinxes (plural)
gynosphinges (plural)

(mythology) A sphinx with the head of a woman.


existible

That all Corporeal and Sensible Perfections, are in some Analogous way, Existible, in the Humane Mind.

1701, Nehemiah Grew, Cosmologia Sacra, page 119:

Similarly, when we deal with Being, it might mean an actually existent thing; or it might mean simply whatever is capable of an existence, whatever presents an actualizable content, whatever is an existible; or lastly, it might mean existence in the abstract, as when we speak of the Bing that is given to some possible essence.

1890, John Rickaby, General Metaphysics, page 21:

A thing may be regarded in two ways: (1) as an existible reality, and (2) as an understandable reality.

2015, Paul J. Glenn, An Introduction to Philosophy:


high priestess

high priestess (plural high priestesses)

(tarot) The second trump or major arcana card in most traditional tarot decks.


Orestes

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ὀρέστης (Oréstēs).

(Greek mythology) The son of Agamemnon and Clytemnestra, who killed his mother, avenging his father's death, and was then pursued by the Furies.


Argoan

en-adj

Argoan (comparative more Argoan, superlative most Argoan)

more Argoan (comparative)
most Argoan (superlative)

(Greek mythology) Pertaining to the mythical ship Argo.


crocodility

(logic, archaic) A sophistical mode of arguing.


Tractarian

Tractarian (comparative more Tractarian, superlative most Tractarian)

more Tractarian (comparative)
most Tractarian (superlative)

The theory of truth-functions belongs by nature to Formal Logic, and is not intrinsically tied to any particular philosophical theory. However as it appears in the Tractarian milieu, it consorts with four very Tractarian thoughts.

1990, Donald Peterson, Wittgenstein’s Early Philosophy: Three Sides of the Mirror, →ISBN, page 38:

(philosophy) Pertaining to the ideas of Ludwig Wittgenstein’s Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus.


Orcus

From Latin Orcus. Doublet of ogre and orc.

Then ſhall our footmen lie within the trench,
And with their Cannons mouth’d like Orcus gulfe
Batter the wales, and we will enter in:
And thus the Grecians ſhalbe conquered.

c. 1587–1588, [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], 2nd edition, part 1, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire, London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act III, scene i:

(Roman mythology) The Etruscan and Roman god of the underworld.


lemures

Coordinate term: Lares

The Lars and Lemures moan with midnight plaint.

1629, John Milton, “On the Morning of Christs Nativity”, in Poems of Mr. John Milton, […], London: […] Ruth Raworth for Humphrey Mosely, […], published 1646, →OCLC:

So still lay the figure, and so dim was its outline, that any other than Arbaces might have felt a superstitious fear, lest he beheld one of those grim lemures, who, above all other spots, haunted the threshold of the homes they formerly possessed.

1834, [Edward Bulwer-Lytton], chapter VII, in The Last Days of Pompeii. […], volume III, London: Richard Bentley, […]; successor to Henry Colburn, →OCLC, book IV, page 13:

(Roman mythology) The spirits or ghosts of the dead, considered as malignant.


Blochian

Blochian (comparative more Blochian, superlative most Blochian)

more Blochian (comparative)
most Blochian (superlative)

(philosophy) Of or relating to Ernst Bloch (1885–1977), German Marxist philosopher.

blochiano

of or relating to Marxist philosopher Ernst Bloch


monadology

(philosophy) The doctrine, theory, or metaphysics of monads.


discretive

«But» is a particle, none more familiar in our language: and he that says it is a discretive conjunction, and that it answers to sed Latin, or mais in French, thinks he has sufficiently explained it.

1689 (indicated as 1690), [John Locke], An Essay Concerning Humane Understanding. […], London: […] Eliz[abeth] Holt, for Thomas Basset, […], →OCLC:

Δαì has generally a discretive or distinctive, often and adversative power.

1829, Hendrik Hoogeveen, Hoogeveen's Greek Particles, page 40:

The coherencey of a discretive proposition depends on the connecton of both parts and their relevancy to one another.

1837, S. E. Parker, Logic, Or, The Art of Reasoning Simplified, page 92:

(grammar, logic) Disjunctive with the additional characteristic that the conjoined clauses, while exhibiting a disjunct, are both asserted as true.


discretive

discretive proposition
discretive proposition


associationist

the experience and manifestations of Fear , were systematically omitted by the Associationist.

association of ideas
association of ideas

(philosophy) One who explains the higher functions and relations of the soul by the association of ideas.


atomicism

And thus, in this first chapter, have we not only quite disarmed atheism of atomicism, or shewed that the latter, (rightly understood) affordeth no manner of shelter or protection to the former; but also made it manifest, that it is the greatest bulwark and defence against the same; which is a thing afterwards further insisted on.

1822, Ralph Cudworth, “The true Intellectual System of the Universe, wherein all the Reason and Philosophy of Atheism is confuted, and its Impossibility demonstrated, &c.”, in Henry Southern, editor, The Retrospective Review, volume 6, page 55:

A consciousness which has got rid of the thought of absolute being would become a prey to endless atomicism and dissolution .

1883, Samuel Harris, The Philosophical Basis of Theism, page 287:

Quite on the contrary, if we insist on the particle "allegory" we must grant that the so-called "particles" have strictly no individuality. In the end, the picture we get is closer to Plotinism than to philosophical atomicism!

2023, Evandro Agazzi, Realism and Quantum Physics, page 170:


empiristic

empiristic (comparative more empiristic, superlative most empiristic)

more empiristic (comparative)
most empiristic (superlative)

Nor, again, is Dr. Erdmann's view of the critical doctrine as mainly empiristic by any means an adequate representation of its varied philosophic character.

And there have been conspicuous attempts in the history of philosophy, to guarantee a person of some sort through a purely empiristic epistemology.

1911, Jay William Hudson, The Treatment of Personality by Locke, Berkeley and Hume:

This kind of time-consuming studies of literatures tends to be ignored in more empiristic and positivist traditions.

2005, Birger Hjørland, “Empiricism, rationalism and positivism in library and information science”, in Journal of Documentation, volume 61, number 1:


Tsukuyomi

Borrowed from Japanese 月読 (つくよみ, Tsukuyomi), originally a compound of 月 (つく, tsuku, “the moon”) + 読み (よみ, yomi, “reading”, ancient meaning of “counting”).

af

(Japanese mythology, Shinto) The Japanese moon god, son of Izanami and Izanagi and brother of Amaterasu, Susanoo, Ōyamatsumi and Kagutsuchi.


monopsychism

The first concerns the problem that Latin Averroism presented to Western philosophy in connection with its doctrine that there is only one mind for all human beings—a doctrine that has come to be called monopsychism.

2014, Markus Führer, Echoes of Aquinas in Cusanus's Vision of Man, page 115:

(historical philosophy) The doctrine that human beings share the same intellect.


thingify

en-verb

thingify (third-person singular simple present thingifies, present participle thingifying, simple past and past participle thingified)

thingifies (present singular third-person)
thingifying (participle present)
thingified (participle past)
thingified (past)

(transitive, philosophy) To convert into a thing; to make concrete or tangible.


antepredicament

(logic) A prerequisite to a clear understanding of the predicaments and categories, such as definitions of common terms.

antepredicamento

prerequisite to a clear understanding of a predicament


circumspective

en-adj

circumspective (comparative more circumspective, superlative most circumspective)

more circumspective (comparative)
most circumspective (superlative)

circumspective concern

The existential meaning of circumspective deliberation, Heidegger argues in Being and Time is making-present (Gegenwärtigung).

1999, William McNeill, The Glance of the Eye, page 78:

Rather it is the unity of the three ecstasies of the temporality that constitutes the circumspective concern in its temporality. In other words, Dasein makes the equipmental system present in his circumspective concern with reference to his future ends, i.e., awaiting future ends, on the basis of the retention from the past.

2000, Vensus A. George, The Experience of Being as Goal of Human Existence, page 118:

In the main, this circumspective aspect of morality is a relational affair, principally between the agent and at least two persons or parties other than the agent.

2014, John Laird, An Enquiry into Moral Notions, page 306:

(philosophy) Pertaining to situation or circumstances.


prehend

en-verb

prehend (third-person singular simple present prehends, present participle prehending, simple past and past participle prehended)

prehends (present singular third-person)
prehending (participle present)
prehended (participle past)
prehended (past)

Each of the four levels "prehends" the other, and so in the punning of words so frequent in hieroglyphic writing, we encounter a richer and more inclusive mode of thought than we are accustomed to.

1981, William Irwin Thompson, The Time Falling Bodies Take to Light: Mythology, Sexuality and the Origins of Culture, London: Rider/Hutchinson & Co., page 214:

(philosophy) To perceive in the manner of Alfred North Whitehead's concept of prehension.


causationist

That which is "morally good (correct, right)" will have the same meaning, in most cases, for the Causationist ( or Determinist ) as it does for the Libertarian or Compatibilist .

1982, Lenore Kuo, Causationism: A Theory Regarding the Freedom of Human Action, page 147:

As a "causationist," Emerson believes that there is "not a weak or cracked link in the chain that joins the first and last of things," and he defines "causality," therefore, as "strict connexion between every pulse-beat and the principle of being" ("Power,", CW 6:29).

2016, Joseph Urbas, Emerson's Metaphysics: A Song of Laws and Causes, page xxiii:

(philosophy) One who believes in a first cause.


cerebralist

(philosophy) One who accepts cerebralism.


preexistentism

The soul either exists before its union with the body (preexistentism), or it is created by God at the same time with the body (creationism or coexistentism), or it springs up from physical generation (traducianism, evolution system). These are the principal hypotheses on the origin of the soul[.]

1840, G. F. Wiggers, “Augustine’s reasons for his theory”, in An Historical Presentation of Augustinism and Pelagianism from the Original Sources, Andover: Gould, Newman & Saxton, page 280:

(philosophy) The theory that souls exist prior to their association with human bodies.


consecution

en-noun

consecution (countable and uncountable, plural consecutions)

From Middle English consecucioun (“attainment”), from Latin cōnsecūtiō (“effect, proper sequence, attainment”), from past participle of cōnsequor (“to follow, result, reach”).

der

(logic) The relation of consequent to antecedent.

consécution

(logic) relation of consequent to antecedent


recta ratio

rĕkʹtə rāʹshĭō

/ˈɹɛktə ˈɹeɪʃɪəʊ/

First attested in an English text in 1677; borrowed from Latin rēcta ratiō (“right reason”), a calque of Ancient Greek ὀρθὸς λόγος (orthòs lógos). Cf. Cicero, De leg. I, 7, I, 2: “Recta ratio - quae cum sit lex, lege quoque consociati homines cum diis putandi sumus.”
Term used in a letter to "Tom" by John Locke, October 20, 1659: “...We are all centaurs, and ’tis the beast that carries us, and everyone’s recta ratio is but the traverses of his own steps.”

Here we may ſee whence the Scholemen borrowed their Recta ratio, right reaſon, which they make with the Philoſophers to be the Regula eſſe moralis, the rule of Moral Beings and Actions.

1677, Theophilus Gale, The Court of the Gentiles, part III: “The Vanity of Pagan Philoſophie Demonſtrated”, ii:4.3, page 38

(philosophy) “Right reason”, which regards virtue as desirable in itself.


Cú Chulainn

From Irish cú (“hound”) + Culann. The latter name could be related to Ancient Greek κυλλός (kullós, “crooked, crippled”).

cog

(Irish mythology) The pre-eminent hero of Ulster in the Ulster Cycle, almost undefeatable due to his spear the Gae Bulg, but cursed to reach an early grave; son of Lugh and Deichtine.


subjunction

The primary form of subjunction is 'If P, then Q', which tells us that '{P and nonQ} is logically impossible'.

In the case of subjunction, the reading of →as 'if ... then' is actually strongly misleading.

2013, Sebastian Loebner, Understanding Semantics:

Since supervaluationists, as we have seen, do accept some disjunctions (e.g. A V ~A) while rejecting each disjunct, they must, as we have also seen, fail subjunction.

2016, Dominic Hyde, Vagueness, Logic and Ontology, page 92:

The subjunction ' A B ' corresponds to a proposition of the form ' not A , unless B ' rather than a proposition of the form ' if A , then B ' .

2023, Michael Wolff, Essay on the Principles of Logic: A Defense of Logical Monism:

(logic) An implication or entailment; A proposition that links two states such that one is a logical consequence of the other.


enaction

en-noun

enaction (usually uncountable, plural enactions)

An appreciation of the power of enaction in our understandings of the mind will throw into relief the question of motivations and goals.

2005, Ralph D. Ellis, Natika Newton, Consciousness & Emotion: Agency, conscious choice, and selective perception:

The processes that underlie the organization and honing of these skills operate over a wide range of timescales, which include the enaction of a particular perceptual act at one end and the lifetime development of perception-action capabilities at the other.

2017, Ezequiel A. Di Paolo, Thomas Buhrmann, Xabier E. Barandiaran, Sensorimotor Life: An Enactive Proposal, page 76:

The first mention of enaction as a history of couplings that bring forth a world referred to the activity of "sensorimotor networks". (Varela et al. 1991)

2018, Ezequiel A. Di Paolo, Elena Clare Cuffari, Hanne De Jaegher, Linguistic Bodies: The Continuity between Life and Language:

Third, drawing on enaction and embodiment gives us the means for considering actions taken in response to musical sounds as sufficient for cognition, and thus constitutive of listeners' musical understanding.

2019, Mariusz Kozak, Enacting Musical Time: The Bodily Experience of New Music, page 54:

(philosophy, cognitive science, computer science) The interpretation of consciousness or understanding as a process of meaningfully engaging and interacting with the world in a hierarchy of actions that produce reactions.


protensive

en-adj

protensive (comparative more protensive, superlative most protensive)

more protensive (comparative)
most protensive (superlative)

From Latin prōtēnsīvus, from prōtendō (“draw out”).

The diversity as protensive is in the manifoldness of the successive instants through which the appearance as quality is prolonged .

2009, Laurens Perseus Hickok, Rational Psychology, page 138:

Their heightened enjoyment Iser explains in terms of the protensive tension provoked by the strategic interruption of the narrative at crucial moments .

2010, Robert Allen, Channels of Discourse, Reassembled, page 110:

When McNay talks about 'protensive' subject formation, she is talking, in many ways, about an imagined (future oriented) space of possibility (the imagined self performing, or the desired narrative).

2013, Dr Helen Thornham, Ethnographies of the Videogame, page 44:

(phenomenology) Anticipating the future; pertaining to protention.


subjectist

(philosophy) One skilled in subjective philosophy; a subjectivist.


metempirics

(philosophy) The concepts and relations which are conceived as beyond, and yet related to, the knowledge gained by experience.


trioctile

The Twentieth day about Four a Clock the Moon entered the 25 degree, 19 minutes of ꝳ and came to a Trioctile with the Radical Place of the Moon in the third Indicative, (Jupiter benignly Irradiating the Moon by a Trine about the same time,) denounced a propitious Crisis to ensue.

1683, George Wharton, The Works of that Late Most Excellent Philosopher and Astronomer, Sir George Wharton, page 123:

They were trioctile in the natal chart, showing conflict between those parts of the nature, some variation on the conflict between fire ( self-will and self-confidence) and earth reality limits whether in the form of natural law, authority figures, or our own experience.

1985, Zipporah Pottenger Dobyns, William Wrobel, Seven Paths to Understanding, page 316:

Thereefore, both points must be tested, first that these four are feebler than the quintile and biquintile, and second that the decile and tridecile are stronger than the octile and trioctile, by a very little.

1997, Johannes Kepler, E. J. Aiton, Alistair Matheson Duncan, The Harmony of the World, page 345:

Important life periods are quadrature and opposition of Uranus, opposition and conjunction of Saturn, opposition and conjunction of Jupiter, sextile, quadrature, trine or trioctile and opposition of Neptune, sextile, quadrature or trine of Pluto.

2010, Ján Kaleta, Introduction to Aquarian Astrology, page 226:

(astrology) An aspect of two planets with regard to the Earth when they are three octants, or three eighths of a circle (135 degrees), distant from each other.


noncow

The Buddhist maintains that the genus of cow is nothing but the exclusion of noncows or nonexistence in noncows (anyapoha). Venkatanatha refutes this view. It is wrong, since the universal is apprehended as a positive entity.

1973, Jadunath Sinha, A history of Indian philosophy, volume 4:

Roughly, a mental symbol C means cow if and only if (1) C-tokens are reliably caused by cows, and (2) although noncows (eg, horses) also sometimes cause C-tokens, noncows would not cause C-tokens unless cows did, whereas it is false […]

1993, Alvin I. Goldman, Readings in philosophy and cognitive science, page 367:

Given a free variable whose designation was taken to be the class of cows, there was no ready means for referring to the class of noncows; so the requisite inference from 'Cows are animals' was not forthcoming.

1997, Catherine Z. Elgin, Nelson Goodman's theory of symbols and its applications, page 174:


Rhadamanthus

/ˌɹæ.dəˈmæn.θəs/

From Latin, from Ancient Greek Ῥαδάμανθυς (Rhadámanthus).

(Greek mythology) A king of Crete, one of the three judges in Hades.


triplicity

en-noun

triplicity (countable and uncountable, plural triplicities)

From triplic(ate) + -ity, from Latin triplicitas, from Latin triplex, triplicis (“threefold”). Compare French triplicité. See triplicate.

he very promptly and speedily formed and fashioned a complete fabric of the houses of heaven in all their parts, whereof when he had considered the situation and the aspects in their triplicities, he fetched a deep sigh, and said: I have clearly enough already discovered unto you the fate of your cuckoldry, which is unavoidable, you cannot escape it.

1693, Thomas Urquhart (translator), The Third Book (originally by François Rabelais) Chapter 25

(astrology) The division of the twelve signs according to the four elements.


Lotusland

In reference to Vancouver, coined by Canadian journalist Allan Fotheringham.

coined

Lotus Land (alternative)
Lotos-land (alternative)

We will abide in the golden vale / Of the Lotos-land, till the Lotos fail; / We will not wander more.

1832 December (indicated as 1833), Alfred Tennyson, “The Lotos-Eaters”, in Poems, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, page 117:

Calypso is by far the most effective impediment Odysseus encounters on his journey home to Ithaca, holding him in a sensuous but tedious captivity for seven years, Lotusland revisited.

1994, Judith Yarnall, Transformations of Circe: The History of an Enchantress:

(Greek mythology) The legendary island of the lotus-eaters.


catasterism

From Ancient Greek καταστερισμός (katasterismós, “star legend”), from καταστερίζω (katasterízō, “to place among the stars”), from κατά (katá, “down”) + ἀστήρ (astḗr, “star”).

uder

καταστερισμός

(Greek mythology) The transformation of a hero or mythological creature, into a star, constellation, comet or other celestial object.


drighten

drightens (plural)
dright (alternative)
drightin (alternative Scotland)
Drighten (alternative)

From Middle English drihten, from Old English dryhten (“a ruler, king, lord, prince, the supreme ruler, the Lord, God, Christ”), from Proto-Germanic *druhtinaz (“leader, chief, lord”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰrewgʰ- (“to hold, hold fast, support”), equivalent to dright (“army, host”) + -en. Cognate with Scots drichtin, drichtine (“lord, the Lord”), and with Old Frisian drochten (“lord”), Old Saxon drohtin (“lord”), Old High German truhtin, Middle High German truhten, trohten (“ruler, lord”) (dialectal German Trechtin, Trechtein (“lord, God”)), Danish drot (“king”), Swedish drott (“king, ruler, sovereign”), Icelandic dróttinn (“hero, ruler, lord”), Finnish ruhtinas (“sovereign prince”). Related also to Old English dryht (“a multitude, an army, company, body of retainers, nation, a people, men”), Old English ġedryht (“fortune, fate”), Old English drēogan (“to serve in the military, endure”). More at dree.

cog

Believe me, my drighten, there is not one of us that has ever slacked on watch before!

(historical, Anglo-Saxon, Norse mythology, fantasy, paganism) A lord; ruler; sovereign; chief; leader; prince.


holarchy

holarchies (plural)
holoarchy (alternative)

Blend of holon + hierarchy, coined by Arthur Koestler.

(philosophy) A connection between holons (things that are both a part and a whole).


subalternant

Of these [oppositions], the Universal is the Subalternant , and the Particular the Subalternate

1826, Richard Whately, Elements of Logic:


philosophia perennis

From Latin philosophia (“philosophy”) + perennis (“perennial”).

But what we are able to conclude about the meaning of the philosophia perennis in modern philosophy, based on the writings of the various philosophers mentioned here, is at once limited and tenuous.

1997, William W Quinn, The Only Tradition, New York, page 81:

(philosophy) A supposed essential core of philosophical beliefs epitomized in various writers from different temporal and geographic zones.


homoeomeria

homoeomerias (plural)
homœomeria (alternative)
homeomeria (alternative)
homoiomeriae (alternative)
homoeomery (alternative)
homœomery (alternative)
homeomery (alternative)

From Ancient Greek ὅμοιος (hómoios, “similar, like”) or ὁμοῖος (homoîos, “similar, like”) with μέρος (méros, “portion, part, share”).

uder

(philosophy) A doctrine in the philosophy of Anaxagoras, that the atoms constituting a substance must themselves have the salient observed properties of that substance. e.g. atoms of water would be wet, atoms of iron would be hard, atoms of wool would be soft, etc.


Kripke frame

(logic) A set, whose elements are called nodes or worlds, together with a preordering relation for that set, called its accessibility relation.


Kripke model

A formula is intuitionistically valid iff it is forced true by every world of every Kripke model.

A terminal world of a Kripke model (for intuitionistic logic) has a forcing relation equivalent to a classical model/interpretation.

If a given world (in a Kripke model (for intuitionistic logic)) forces neither A nor ¬A then there is some possible "future" world (accessible from the "present" one) in which A is forced true. In particular, if A eventually becomes forced somewhere along any possible time thread (towards the "future"), then the present world would force ¬¬A to be true, but if this does not happen there there exists some possible future world in which ¬A becomes true.

intuitionistic logic
intuitionistic logic

(logic) A Kripke frame together with either one of the following: (1) a function associating each of the frame's worlds to a set of prime formulae which are "true" for the given world, (2) a function associating each prime formula to a set of worlds for which the prime formula is "true", (3) a forcing relation between worlds and prime formulae. Additionally, there is a set of rules for deducing (from the given function or relation) what formulae are forced to be true by a given world. (The set of rules depends on which logic the Kripke model is being applied to, whether one of several modal logics or intuitionistic logic). For intuitionistic logic the forcing relation satisfies a persistence relation, namely, if world w forces proposition p, then all worlds accessible from w also force p.


convertend

From Latin convertendus (“to be converted”). Compare subtrahend.

(logic) Any proposition which is subject to the process of conversion; so called in its relation to itself as converted, after which process it is termed the converse.


Hathor

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἅθωρ (Háthōr), from Egyptian ḥwt-ḥr O10-C9.

(Egyptian mythology) The goddess of joy, love, and motherhood; one of the "Eyes / Daughters of Ra", the consort of Ra/Horus; often depicted as having a cow's head.


Bastet

From Egyptian bꜣstjt (“Bastet”, literally “she of the ointment jar”).

bor

Bast (alternative)
Baast (alternative)
Ubasti (alternative)
Basset (alternative)
Phast (alternative)

(Egyptian mythology) The goddess of the sun and the moon, of cats, and Lower Egypt; one of the "Eyes / Daughters of Ra", the consort of Ptah, often depicted as having a she-cat's head.


Sekhmet

From Egyptian sḫmt (“Sekhmet”), in turn from sḫm (“to have control”) (compare sḫm jb (“violent”)).

Sachmet (alternative)
Sakmet (alternative)
Sakhet (alternative)
Sekmet (alternative)
Sakhmet (alternative)
Sekhet (alternative)

(Egyptian mythology) The goddess of death, war, violence, plague, and medicine; one of the "Eyes / Daughters of Ra", the consort of Ptah; depicted as having the head of a lioness.


ideogeny

From ideo- + -geny. Compare French idéogénie.

(philosophy) The science or study of the origin of ideas.


Susanoo

Borrowed from Japanese 須佐之男(すさのお) (Susanoo).

Susa-no-O (alternative)
Susano'o (alternative)
Susano-o (alternative)
Susanowo (alternative)

(Japanese mythology, Shinto) The main Japanese storm god (along with Raijin and Fūjin), son of Izanami and Izanagi and brother of Amaterasu, Tsukuyomi, Ōyamatsumi and Kagutsuchi.


corporealism

en-noun

corporealism (countable and uncountable, plural corporealisms)

That the Democritic philosophy, which is made up of these two principles, Corporealism and Atomism complicated together, is essentially Atheistical

1678, R[alph] Cudworth, The True Intellectual System of the Universe: The First Part; wherein All the Reason and Philosophy of Atheism is Confuted; and Its Impossibility Demonstrated, London: […] Richard Royston, […], →OCLC:


preindesignate

(archaic, logic) Having no sign expressing quantity; indefinite.


apotelesmatic

en-adj

apotelesmatic (comparative more apotelesmatic, superlative most apotelesmatic)

more apotelesmatic (comparative)
most apotelesmatic (superlative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἀποτελεσματικός (apotelesmatikós), from ἀποτέλεσμα (apotélesma, “effect of the stars on human destiny”). Morphologically, from apotelesm + -atic.

lbor

ἀποτελεσματικός

It will easily be supposed that when this apotelesmatic or judicial astrology obtained firm possession of men's minds, it would be pursued into innumerable subtle distinctions and extravagant conceits

1837, William Whewell, History of the Inductive Sciences:

(obsolete, astrology) Relating to the casting of horoscopes.


rhizomatics

(philosophy) The philosophical theory based on rhizomes.


geophilosophy

en-noun

geophilosophy (usually uncountable, plural geophilosophies)

(geology, philosophy) All the philosophical aspects of geology or of geography.


disposit

en-verb

disposit (third-person singular simple present disposits, present participle dispositing, simple past and past participle disposited)

disposits (present singular third-person)
dispositing (participle present)
disposited (participle past)
disposited (past)

From Latin dispositus, past participle of dispōnō.

Venus then indirectly disposits all planets in Leo because these planets are disposited by the Sun, ruler of Leo, and Venus disposits the Sun.

1983, Rose Lineman, Jan Popelka, Compendium of Astrology:

(astrology, transitive) To be located in the house of the sign ruled by the planet. For example, when a planet is in the house Gemini, it disposits Mercury because Mercury is the ruling sign of Gemini.


superordination

en-noun

superordination (countable and uncountable, plural superordinations)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-superordination.wav

From super- + ordination: compare Latin superordinatio.

(logic) The relation of a universal proposition to a particular proposition in the same terms.


antiessentialist

en-adj

antiessentialist (comparative more antiessentialist, superlative most antiessentialist)

more antiessentialist (comparative)
most antiessentialist (superlative)


antiessentialist

(philosophy) One who opposes essentialism.


neopragmatism

(philosophy) A postmodern form of pragmatism that focuses on language and proposes that truth is relative to social contexts and practices.


mystory

en-noun

mystory (countable and uncountable, plural mystories)

Blend of my + history. Coined by Gregory Ulmer in Teletheory (1989).

(philosophy) A pedagogical genre encouraging the exploration of history as an open-minded individual rather than an analytical historian following institutional norms.


ironism

Coined by American philosopher Richard Rorty, from Ancient Greek εἴρων (eírōn, “one who says less than they think”). By surface analysis, irony + -ism.

der

Perhaps Rorty's pragmatics of liberal ironism is a better way of understanding the implication of the existence of disdained others on the post-modern.

2002, Keith Tester, The Life and Times of Post-Modernity, Routledge, →ISBN, page 149:

(philosophy) A state of doubt regarding one's own "vocabulary" (set of communicative beliefs) that cannot be removed by making arguments in that vocabulary.


Castalian

Castalian spring

Castalian Band

that sweet grove Of Daphne by Orontes, and th'inspir'd Castalian spring

1667, John Milton, “(please specify the page number)”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:

(mythology) Of or relating to Castalia, a mythical fountain of inspiration on Mount Parnassus, sacred to the Muses.


antifoundationalist

(epistemology) One who rejects foundationalism.


jotun

jotuns (plural)
jötnar (plural)
Jotun (alternative)
jötun (alternative)
Jötun (alternative)
jotunn (alternative)
Jotunn (alternative)
jötunn (alternative)
Jötunn (alternative)

Learned borrowing from Old Norse jǫtunn, from Proto-Germanic *etunaz (“giant”). Doublet of ettin.

Some with disdain his reasons heard, / While others wisht the cause deferr'd. / Then Ormur spake, in speech of scorn, / Ormur, the friend of Asbiorn, / Who, daring singly to engage, / A jotun, proved his fatal rage.

1831, Walter Savage Landor, “Gunlaug”, in Gebir, Count Julian, and Other Poems, London: Edward Moxon, 64, New Bond Street, →OCLC, page 279:

When Christianity became the religion of the people the trolls gradually assumed something of the role formerly played by the more powerful Jotuns.

1908, The Elementary School Teacher, volume 8, Chicago, Ill.: University of Chicago Press, →OCLC, page 214:

When Odin was still young – before he had hanged himself on Yggdrasil and drunk from the Well of Wisdom – his eyes had fallen on a jotun named Loki.

1967, Ingri D'Aulaire; Edgar Parin D'aulaire, “Loki, the God of the Jotun Race”, in Norse Gods and Giants, Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, ISBN 978-0-385-04908-5; republished as D'Aulaires' Book of Norse Myths, New York, N.Y.: New York Review of Books, 2005, ISBN 978-1-59017-125-7, page 42

The world in which the æsir and jötnar play out their struggle has its own set of place-names but is essentially recognizable as Scandinavia. There are rivers, mountains, forests, oceans, storms, cold weather, fierce winters, eagles, ravens, salmon, and snakes.

2001, John Lindow, “The Historical Background”, in Handbook of Norse Mythology (Handbooks of World Mythology), Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO, →ISBN, page 2:

(Norse mythology) A member of a race of giants who usually stand in opposition to the Æsir and especially to Thor.

Arthur Rackham
Der Ring des Nibelungen
Fafnir
Freyja
Richard Wagner


performativity

en-noun

performativity (countable and uncountable, plural performativities)

(philosophy) The capacity of language and expressive actions to perform a type of being.


psychism

psychism (countable and uncountable, plural psychisms)

PSYCHISM […]is the word to denote the doctrine that there is a fluid, diffused throughout all nature[…]

1858, William Fleming, The Vocabulary of Philosophy:

(philosophy) The old doctrine that there is a fluid (continuity) universally diffusing, and equally animating all living beings, the difference in their actions being due to the difference of the individual organizations.


ens entium

From Latin ens (“being”) + entium (“of beings”). Compare ens.

Pythagoras shadowed the truth somewhat neerer, judgeing that the knowledge of this first cause and Ens entium must be undefined, without any prescription or declaration.

1603, Michel de Montaigne, chapter 12, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], book II, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC:

That there exists a superior Ens Entium that form'd [this] wonderful created World is a mathematical Demonstration. That He influences things by a particular Providence is not so evident.

In the absence of revelation, however, the God of metaphysics and natural theology is itself an abstraction, a mere ens entium, in any case, as Heidegger rightly observes, not the kind of God before whom one can ‘make music or dance.’

2009, John R Betz, After Enlightenment, Wiley-Blackwell, published 2012, page 328:

(philosophy) The ‘being of beings’; God.


puer aeternus

From Latin puer aeternus (“eternal boy”) (in Ovid, Metamorphoses), after use in German by Carl Jung.

(mythology) A child-god who is forever young.


domification

Borrowed from Middle French domification; equivalent to domify + -ification.

bor+

Physike is received as Geometry: and jugling tricks, enchantments, bonds, the commerce of deceased spirits, prognostications, domifications, yea even this ridiculous wit and wealth-consuming pursuite of the Philosophers stone, all is emploied and uttered without contradiction.

The introduction of alternative methods of domification was already exploited in Pico's Disputationes, which questioned both the natural philosophical basis of astrological houses and the contradictions on this matter in the astrological canon.

2003, Steven Vanden Broecke, The Limits of Influence, page 238:

The argument put forth by Copernicus that the Sun, not the Earth, was at the center of the heavens renewed concerns about domification.

2010, Katherine Crawford, The Sexual Culture of the French Renaissance, Cambridge, page 99:

(astrology) The division of the heavens into twelve astrological houses; or a particular system for such division.


domify

en-verb

domify (third-person singular simple present domifies, present participle domifying, simple past and past participle domified)

domifies (present singular third-person)
domifying (participle present)
domified (participle past)
domified (past)

There are various ways of domifying. That of Regiomontanus, which is the most common, makes the circles of position pass through the intersections of the meridian and the horizon; but others make them pass through the poles of the zodiac.

1842, Encyclopædia Britannica, volume VIII, page 101:

(astrology, obsolete) To divide (the heavens) into different astrological houses.


hippodame

on every syde / They trembling stood, and made a long broad dyke, / That his swift charet might have passage wyde / Which foure great Hippodames did draw in temewise tyde.

1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book III, Canto XI”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:

Nor did less tumult swell the late defeat Of monstrous Dagon, from whom, worse deformed With hippodame and kraken, self -assumed, So spirits can, turned infantry and steed, Nor chose the ambush of his doubtful shape.

1851, William Wilberforce Lord, Christ in Hades:

(obsolete, rare, mythology) A sea horse or hippocampus.


protend

protend (third-person singular simple present protends, present participle protending, simple past and past participle protended)

protends (present singular third-person)
protending (participle present)
protended (participle past)
protended (past)

Borrowed from Latin protendere, from pro (“before, forth”) + tendere (“to stretch”).

At the moment that the first beat is sounded, if the listener is to hear it as a division of a larger temporal unit, he or she must concretely protend the other beats of the bar; that is, the listener must experience, in the temporal "space" of the near future, three more beats while he or she is hearing the present beat in the now-point.

2000, Michael Thomas Carroll, Eddie Tafoya, Phenomenological Approaches to Popular Culture, page 129:

Instead, our retentions are made up of al the words I have spoken, and we protend toward the completion of my sentence or idea.

2003, Donn Welton, The New Husserl: A Critical Reader, page 133:

Dann may actively think "I am going to go to the G chord"; he may prepare his hand to grasp the G, or may even protend the G chord but insulate the C chord from it —none of these will make the C a IV. Only if he protends the G and conjoins the C to it will the C be a IV chord, because to hear the C as a IV means to perform that organization of the living present.

2012, Harris M. Berger, Metal, Rock, and Jazz, page 227:

Consciousness may not protend everything in the horizon; there is too much.

2023, Mitchell Atkinson III, Alterity and the Flint Water Crisis, page 152:

(phenomenology) To consciously experience in anticipation; to experience protention.


Angelos

From Ancient Greek ἄγγελος (ángelos). Doublet of Angel.

(Greek mythology) A daughter of Zeus and Hera, and a goddess of the Underworld.


Agdistis

(Greek mythology) A hermaphroditic being, associated with the worship of Cybele or Rhea


somaesthetics

Blend of somatic + aesthesis + -tics. Coined by the American philosopher Richard Shusterman.

(philosophy) A philosophical discipline involving the use, appreciation, and knowledge of one's own body.


argument-form

(logic) Alternative form of argument form


formal validity

en-noun

formal validity (countable and uncountable, plural formal validities)

(logic) An argument's property of being valid due to being an instance of an argument form.


logical constant

logical constant (plural logical constants)

The logical connective OR can be seen to correspond to the logical constant "unless".

(logic) A word or phrase which has an invariant logical meaning and which is useful for forming argument forms.


moirai

(Greek mythology) The three Fates, personifications of destiny.


sentence connective

sentence connective (plural sentence connectives)

Standard ("classical") propositional logic deals with sentence connectives having a special property: they are truth functional. The terminology derives from the mathematical notion of a function, and one can use this to give a mathematically precise definition of truth functionality.

2001, Mark Sainsbury, chapter 2, in Logical Forms — An Introduction to Philosophical Logic, 2nd edition, Blackwell Publishing, →ISBN, §2, page 60:


elench

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-elench.wav

Latin elenchus, from Ancient Greek ἔλεγχος (élenkhos, “refutation, scrutiny”); compare Old French elenche. Doublet of elenchus.

der

Reprehension or Elench […] is a Syllogisme, which gathereth a conclusion contrary to the assertion of the respondent, as if a man would defend Medea not to love her childe, because she killed it, another might reason against him in this manner: every Mother loveth her child: but Medea is a Mother: Ergo, Medea loveth her child: the Conclusion of this Syllogisme is contrarie to the first Assertion […]

1599, Thomas Blundeville, The Art of Logicke, London: Matthew Lownes, published 1619, Book 6, Chapter 2, p. 186:

(logic) That part of an argument on which its conclusiveness depends; that which convinces or refutes an antagonist; a refutation.


synastry

en-noun

synastry (usually uncountable, plural synastries)

From Ancient Greek συναστρία (sunastría, “conjunction of the stars”).

der

(astrology) concurrence of the position or influence of stars


exoterics

/ˌɛksəˈtɛɹɪks/

From exoteric (adjective) + -s (suffix forming pluralia tantum; and regular plurals of nouns).

suffix

(specifically, philosophy) The public lectures or published writings of Aristotle.


subalternate

(logic) A particular proposition, as opposed to a universal one.


river god

/ˈɹɪvə ˌɡɒd/

It was as if she had been wooed by a river-god, who might any time take her to his wondrous halls below a watery heaven.

1859, George Eliot [pseudonym; Mary Ann Evans], Adam Bede […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), Edinburgh; London: William Blackwood and Sons, →OCLC:

Although human sacrifice was discontinued in ancient times, the idea continues that the river god claims as his own any man who falls into the stream.

1969, C. P. Fitzgerald, “The Three Ways”, in The Horizon History of China, New York: American Heritage Publishing, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 113, column 2:

From then on the people of Ye never again dared speak of the River God taking a wife.

1995, Jeannete Faurot, Asian-Pacific Folktales and Legends, Touchstone, published 1995, page 219:

Some weeks, alas, we return to camp with six dead minnows and a dripping hemp bag full of dodgy clams, but this week, praise be, the river god has smiled on us [...].

2011 October 13, Tom Meltzer, The Guardian:

(mythology) The tutelary deity of a river.


epagoge

/ɛpəˈɡəʊɡiː/

From Latin epagōgē, from Ancient Greek ἐπᾰγωγή (epăgōgḗ, “a bringing in”). See epact.

uder

(logic) The adducing of particular examples so as to lead to a universal conclusion; the argument by induction.


subreptive

en-adj

subreptive (comparative more subreptive, superlative most subreptive)

more subreptive (comparative)
most subreptive (superlative)


exclusive disjunction

en-noun

exclusive disjunction (plural exclusive disjunctions)

(logic) A disjunction which is true if only one, but not both, of its disjuncts is true.


inclusive disjunction

inclusive disjunction (plural inclusive disjunctions)

(logic) A disjunction which is true if at least one of its disjuncts is true.


pirot

Introduced by British philosopher Paul Grice, who took the word from Rudolf Carnap's example sentence "Pirots karulize elatically".

Suppose we are genitors — demigods — designing living creatures, creatures Grice calls pirots. To design a type of pirot is to specify a diagram and table for that type (plus evaluative procedures, if any).

1988, Richard E. Grandy, Richard Warner, Philosophical Grounds of Rationality, page 31:

Pirots are much like ourselves, and inhabit a world of obbles very much like our own world.

2005, S. Chapman, Paul Grice: Philosopher and Linguist, page 123:

(philosophy) A notional living being used in discussing certain aspects of the philosophy of language.


Faunus

(Roman mythology) Horned god of the forest, plains and fields; Greek counterpart: Pan.


Ramayana

Transliteration of Sanskrit रामायण (rāmāyaṇa). Doublet of Ramin.

translit

(Hinduism, Jainism, mythology) An ancient Sanskrit epic of Indian mythology about the legendary king Rāma.


cosmothetic

Ancient Greek κόσμος (kósmos, “universe”) + θέσις (thésis, “placement, arrangement”) + -ic.

uder

The cosmothetic idealists […] deny that mind is immediately conscious of matter.

1859–1860, William Hamilton, edited by H[enry] L[ongueville] Mansel and John Veitch, Lectures on Metaphysics and Logic […], volume (please specify |volume=I to IV), Edinburgh, London: William Blackwood and Sons, →OCLC:

(philosophy) Assuming or positing the actual existence or reality of the physical or external world.


analogism

en-noun

analogism (countable and uncountable, plural analogisms)

From Ancient Greek ἀναλογία (analogía) (from ἀνά (aná) + λόγος (lógos, “speech, reckoning”)) + -ism.

all Judications and Analogisms may faile

1657, Henry Pinnell, Oswald Croll, Philosophy Reformed & Improved in Four Profound Tractates:

Epilogism as opposed to analogism proceeds from what is seen.

2012, P. Nicolacopoulos, Greek Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science, page 106:

The inclination toward simplified and/or distorted (but often useful) reasoning in the form of analogism and a propensity to organise events into teleological narratives to which causality is attributed, is of particular interest to this discussion.

2017, Jacqueline Hill, Mary Ann Lyons, Representing Irish Religious Histories, page 105:

(logic) An argument from cause to effect; an a priori argument.

Why the drive to reduce these multiple modes of identification, forms of participatory knowing, and/or ontologies to one? My animism is better than your naturalism, totemism, analogism, or whatever.

2018, Zayin Cabot, Ecologies of Participation, page 146:

Defining pantheism as an ontology alongside analogism, it may be noted, requires an emendation to Descola's four ontologies: naturalism, totemism, animism and analogism.

2022, Olaf Almqvist, Chaos, Cosmos and Creation in Early Greek Theogonies:

(philosophy) The belief that the world consists of separate entities that follow certain rules or universal forces.


Academy

* French académie, from Latin acadēmīa, from Ancient Greek Ἀκαδημία (Akadēmía), a grove of trees and gymnasium outside of Athens where Plato taught; from the name of the supposed former owner of that estate, the Attic hero Akademos. Compare academe, academia, Akademeia.

(classical studies, philosophy) Platonism.


Benzaiten

Borrowed from Japanese 弁才天 (Benzaiten) 弁財天 (Benzaiten).

(Japanese mythology, Shinto) (Also known as "Benten-sama") The Hindu goddess, Saraswati, of knowledge, art and beauty, music, language, wisdom, poetry and rivers.

the fat and happy god of abundance and good health

commerce and trade. Ebisu and Daikoku are often paired and represented as carvings

masks on the walls of small retail shops


subreption

subreption (countable and uncountable, plural subreptions)

/sʌbˈɹɛpʃən/

From Latin subreptio, from subripere, subreptum (“to snatch or take away secretly”). Compare French subreption. See surreptitious, surreptition.

(philosophy) The conflation of a condition under which it is possible to intuitively understand an object, and a condition under which an object can possibly exist; the confusion of knowing with experiencing.


Fukurokuju

Borrowed from Japanese 福禄寿 (Fukurokuju), from Middle Chinese 福 (pjuwk, “fortune”) + 祿 (luwk, “blessings”) + 壽 (dzyuwX/dzyuwH, “longevity”).

af

(Japanese mythology, Shinto) The Japanese name for the Chinese god Xuanwu, one of the seven gods of good fortune: the god of happiness, wealth, and longevity.

Ebisu

恵比須; 恵比寿, 夷 or 戎


Astraeus

Ancient Greek Ἀστραῖος (Astraîos), in turn from ἀστήρ (astḗr, “star”).

(Greek mythology) The Greek god of the dusk. Husband of Eos (goddess of the dawn), and father of the four Anemoi ("Winds"), and the five Astra Planeta ("Wandering Stars/Planets").


apotelesm

And finally, the Elementes, and all thinges of the Elementes composed, do geue Testimonie (as Aristotle sayd) that theyr Whole Dispositions, vertues, and naturall motions, depend of the Actiuitie of the heauenly motions and Influences […] What shall be the heauenly Impression, the perfect and circumspecte Astrologien hath to Conclude. Not onely (by Apotelesmes) τὸ ὁτὶ. but by Naturall and Mathematicall demonstration τὸ διότι.

1570, John Dee, The Mathematicall Praeface to Elements of Geometrie of Euclid of Megara:

Had Alvarez the Spanyard endeavoured among us, to cure men with Apotelesmes or Figures, agreeable to the aspect of Heaven at our Birth, wee had laughed at him for an Almanack-maker.

1666, David Lloyd, “An Account of Mr. Valentine Greatrates, and his Performances”, in Wonders no miracles, or, Mr. Valentine Greatrates gift of healing examined upon occasion of a sad effect of his stroaking, page 29:

Duke William had a Mare that was with Fole of a Mule, and being near the time of her foling, he desired Fra. Paolo to bestow a Nights study with Astronomical Instruments, that the Horoscope, and natale Minute of the Beast might be known, with the situation of the Heavens, and the posture of the Stars at that time: which being done and reduced into the form of a Figure or Apotelesm, the Prince called Copies to be sent abroad[…]

1676, Pietro Soave Polano, “The Life of Father Paul the Venetian”, in Nathanael Brent, transl., The History of the Council of Trent, page xi:

“[…]I have just been drawing your apotelesm; your future lies open to me. But mind, look attentively at it.” The twins fixed their eyes on the star; presently it seemed to split asunder and form two complete stars[…]

1876, Adrien de Valvedre, At Dusk, page 206:

(astrology, obsolete) The calculation and explanation of a horoscope.


nonimplication

en-noun

nonimplication (countable and uncountable, plural nonimplications)

Material nonimplication
w:Material nonimplication

(chiefly logic) That which is not implied; the opposite of an implication.


temporalize

en-verb

temporalize (third-person singular simple present temporalizes, present participle temporalizing, simple past and past participle temporalized)

temporalizes (present singular third-person)
temporalizing (participle present)
temporalized (participle past)
temporalized (past)
temporalise (alternative)

There are probably innumerable rhythms in a sensation during the duration of a second. . . . We are unable to temporalize our sensations of phenomena.

1928 November 22, Herman Hausheer, “A Theory of Perception”, in The Journal of Philosophy, volume 25, number 24, page 647:

In each language, mechanisms are available which allow us to classify, serialize, localize, and temporalize the objects of possible experience.

1976, Jürgen Habermas, “Some Distinctions in Universal Pragmatics: A Working Paper”, in Theory and Society, volume 3, number 2, page 161:

Spencer begins with an idea in the Platonist sense, which he proceeds to unfold, to spatialize and temporalize in the universe of fiction.

1991, S. K. Heninger, Jr., “Spenser, Sidney, and Poetic Form”, in Studies in Philology, volume 88, number 2, page 147:

By way of discourse, we break out of the immediate surround. . . . Whereas the other intentional threads spatialize and temporalize a surround with somewhat limited range . . ., discourse discloses world.

2002, Corey Anton, “Discourse as Care: A Phenomenological Consideration of Spatiality and Temporality”, in Human Studies, volume 25, number 2, page 195:

(transitive, often philosophy) To situate in time.


Pleiadean

Pleiadeans (plural)
Pleiadian (alternative)

(science fiction, ufology) An alien being from the Pleiades.


biosemantics

From bio- + semantics, introduced by Ruth Millikan.

(philosophy) A theory that aims to produce a constitutive account of intentionality.


teleosemantics

From teleo- + semantics, introduced by Ruth Millikan who attributes it to Steven Wagner.

(philosophy) The view that the notion of representation should be defined with respect to biological function.


patriarchalism

en-noun

patriarchalism (countable and uncountable, plural patriarchalisms)

(historical, politics, philosophy, sometimes uppercase) A political theory which arose in England in the seventeenth century, which emphasized the absolute power of the king as the paternal head of state, viewing his fatherly power as having been inherited genealogically from Adam.


absolute ego

(philosophy) The Fichtean ego that posits its own existence and through the opposition of subject and object thus created dialectically evolves the universe.


absolute form

(philosophy) The Platonic form of the supreme idea in which all other ideas participate.


absolute idealism

absolute idealism (countable and uncountable, plural absolute idealisms)

(philosophy) A philosophy originally developed by certain German idealists such as Hegel and Schelling, which affirms that reality is grounded in cognition as a single, fundamental and unlimited principle of being that unites subject and object.


absolute reality

absolute reality (countable and uncountable, plural absolute realities)

(philosophy) Ultimate reality, as is unaffected by the beliefs or limitations of any finite being.

(philosophy) Reality in relation to the divine mind.


Taphthartharath

uder

Hebrew תפתרתרת

2080 Taphthartharath The spirit of Mercury תפתרתרת

1533, Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa, Three Books of Occult Philosophy:

Somewhere in the universe on some subtle invisible plane, is an intelligence named Taphthartharath, for example, who is as real a being in his own way as one's own tailor is in his, […]

1968, Israel Regardie, The Tree of Life, Samuel Weiser, Inc., page 73:

(occult) Mercury's spirit, executing the malevolent influences of the planet.


nihilator

Being alone can nihilate without itself being nihilated. In the act of nihilation the nihilator remains.

1980, Darshana International, volumes 20-21, J. P. Atreya, page 80:

Every ego is engaged in “a desperate effort to be” - desperate because we are all nihilators defending our fragile project of being, which necessarily involves mutual destruction: […]

1988, Joseph C. McLelland, Prometheus Rebound: The Irony of Atheism, Wilfrid Laurier University Press, →ISBN, page 267:

[…] French Resistance left him with a feeling of human solidarity quite absent from his earlier works, in which other people are most characteristically represented as Heidegger’s ‘They’ -- obstacles to our discovery of ourselves, nihilators of our possibilities.

1994, John Passmore, A Hundred Years of Philosophy, Penguin Books, →ISBN, page 606:


nonbody

Thus, just as there are more bodies than animals, so, on the other hand, there are more nonanimals than nonbodies.

1969, G. W. Leibniz, translated by L. Lowmker, Samples of the Numerical Characteristic:

(chiefly philosophy) That which is not a body.


ecstatical

en-adj

ecstatical (comparative more ecstatical, superlative most ecstatical)

more ecstatical (comparative)
most ecstatical (superlative)

I find in me a great deal of ecstatical love, which continually carries me to good without myself.

I have argued that the lived-body does not simply "extend" in space as a non-ecstatical thing, but rather, it "occupies and inhabits" space.

2001, Corey Anton, Selfhood and Authenticity, page 123:

This ecstatical standpoint requires a kind of rewrapping of human beings in their constitutive envelops, links, neighbourhoods, and housing

2009, Environment and Planning:, page 159:

Hence the ecstatical projection of Being must be made possible by some primordial way in which ecstatical temporality temporalizes.

2017, Albert Peter Pacelli, Being and Intelligibility, page 249:

(philosophy) Tending to external objects.


ghost rocket

A poem in Copenhagen’s Berlingske Tidende, July 31, 1946, last page, made reference to a recent sensational ghost rocket sighting over Byen, expressing relief that the “rocket” was actually a meteor:

2001, Robert E. Bartholomew, Little Green Men, Meowing Nuns, and Head-hunting Panics: A Study of Mass Psychogenic Illness and Social Delusion, McFarland, page 273:

Many ghost rocket sightings came from Sweden, which is near the Soviet Union. U.S. and British officials convinced the Swedes to study reports of the ghost rockets. The Swedes found pieces of metal that they though came from crashed ghost rockets.

2011, Michael Burgan, Andrew Nichols, Searching for Aliens, UFOs, and Men in Black, Capstone Press, page 11:

The Swedish experts claimed that some 20 percent of the ghost rocket reports appeared to be neither aircraft nor natural phenomena.

2012, Ronald Story, The Mammoth Encyclopedia of Extraterrestrial Encounters, Constable & Robinson Ltd, page 243:

unidentified flying objects
unidentified flying objects

(ufology) Any of the rocket- or missile-shaped unidentified flying objects sighted in 1946, mostly in Sweden and nearby countries.

spökraket

rocket shaped UFOs sighted in 1946 in Sweden


black triangle

Somewhere behind that blinking yellow light that black triangle was hovering, (or moving only a few miles per hour), in our direction, straight at us.

2005, Bill Foster, Peggy Foster, Nadine Wheeler, The Black Triangle Abduction, The Invisible College Press, page 22

Note: The black triangle is a commonly seen UFO.

2007, Craig R. Lang, The Cosmic Bridge, Close Encounters and Human Destiny, lulu.com, page 4:

On Thursday, July 15, 2004, I flew to Denver, Colorado, where I was scheduled to speak at the annual symposium of the Mutual UFO Network on the subject of a particular type of UFO that has become known as the “Black Triangle,” and one that has been seen regularly in the skies of practically every corner of the planet for approximately the last two decades.

2009, Nick Redfern, Memoirs of a Monster Hunter, ReadHowYouWant.com, page 105:

Just three years after the Belgian black triangle incident, a similar craft appeared over RAF Cosford and RAF Shawbury.

2011, William J. Birnes, The Everything UFO Book: An Investigation of Sightings, Cover-ups, and the Quest for Extraterrestrial Life, Adams Media, page 229:

(ufology) One of a class of triangle-shaped unidentified flying objects, usually with a light in each corner.


Haunebu

This technology led to the amazing German flying saucers of the Haunebu and Vril classes built under SS auspices.

2003, Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke, Black Sun: Aryan Cults, Esoteric Nazism, and the Politics of Identity, NYU Press, page 295:

[…] and what crashed at Roswell was most likely a Haunebu.

2007, James Sheridan, The Pandora Prescription, Sterling & Ross Publishers, page 17:

However, some weeks after Ger-many surrendered, both Haunebu and Vril craft were spotted in the skies over occupied Germany.

2010, George Romero, The Rescue, Lotus Vision Publishing Company, page 165

(ufology, plural "Haunebus") Any of a class of flying saucers supposedly built by the Nazis.


Vril

Coined by British statesman and author Edward Bulwer-Lytton in the 1871 science fiction novel The Coming Race, later titled Vril, apparently as a clipping of virile.

coined

These subterranean philosophers assert that by one operation of vril, which Faraday would perhaps call ‘atmospheric magnetism,’ they can influence the variations of temperature—in plain words, the weather; […]

1871, Edward Bulwer-Lytton (published anonymously), The Coming Race, Edinburgh and London: William Blackwood and Sons, page 47:

It devoted its time to the study of vril, and taught that the secret of vril could be divined by contemplating the structure of an apple sliced in half.

2003, John Michael Greer, The New Encyclopedia of the Occult, Llewellyn Publications, page 506:

I have written a second book, Vrilology, which explores the historic background of the Life Force, which we refer to as Vril, and another simple book explaining just what Vril is and how it can help people improve their lives, filling them with happiness, joy and prosperity.

2010, Robert Blumetti, Vril: The Life Force of the Gods, iUniverse, page 7:

(science fiction, mysticism) A controllable form of energy.

Coordinate term: Haunebu

Operation Highjump has turned out to be a hot topic for UFO conspiracy theorists over recent years, who claim it was a secret US military campaign to defeat and destroy supposed secret Nazi facilities in Antarctica and seize the German Vril flying discs, and the Thule mercury propelled spacecraft.

2012, Jack Follett, Special Report 2011: Hitler's Secret UFO Weapons, BoD – Books on Demand, page 38:

(ufology, attributive) A kind of flying saucer supposedly built by the Nazis.


anti-Hegelian

en-adj

anti-Hegelian (comparative more anti-Hegelian, superlative most anti-Hegelian)

more anti-Hegelian (comparative)
most anti-Hegelian (superlative)

(philosophy) Opposing the Hegelian philosophy.


anti-Hegelian

(philosophy) One who opposes the Hegelian philosophy.


Euryale

Ancient Greek Εὐρυάλη (Euruálē, literally “far-roaming”).

uder

(Greek mythology) The second eldest of the gorgons.


Coatlicue

(mythology) In Aztec mythology, the goddess who gave birth to the moon and stars.


elenctical

en-adj

elenctical (comparative more elenctical, superlative most elenctical)

more elenctical (comparative)
most elenctical (superlative)


sidereal astrology

(astrology) A form of astrology that measures the position of the sun relative to the stars. This compensates for the precession of Earth's axis, which causes the zodiac signs to move around the sky relative to the vernal equinox.


tropical astrology

(astrology) A form of astrology that measures the position of the sun relative to the vernal equinox. This does not compensate for the precession of Earth's axis, so that the zodiac signs move around the sky relative to the vernal equinox by about one sign every 2150 years.


thereness

en-noun

thereness (countable and uncountable, plural therenesses)

(philosophy) The quality of being there, or in some place; presence; existence.


dog

dog (countable and uncountable, plural dogs)

dogs (plural)
darg (alternative dialectal)
dawg (alternative dialectal)
dug (alternative dialectal)
doggie (alternative childish)
doggy (alternative childish)
doggy woggy (alternative childish)
doggo (alternative childish)

Australian Kriol: dog

Bislama: dog

Gullah: dog

Sranan Tongo: dagu

Tok Pisin: dok

Torres Strait Creole: dog

desc

→ American Sign Language: Kop@Inside-PalmForward 1o@Inside

→ Dutch: dog

→ Esperanto: dogo

Ido: dogo

→ French: dogue

→ German: Dogge

→ Italian: dogo

→ English: dogo

→ Portuguese: dogue

→ Russian: дог (dog)

→ Spanish: dogo

→ Volapük: dog, doeg

Inherited from Middle English dogge (akin to Scots dug), from Old English dogga, docga, of uncertain origin.
The original meaning seems to have been a common dog, as opposed to a well-bred one, or something like 'cur', and perhaps later came to be used for stocky dogs. Possibly a pet-form diminutive with suffix -ga (compare frocga (“frog”), *picga (“pig”)), appended to a base *dog-, *doc- of unclear origin and meaning. One possibility is Old English dox (“dark, swarthy”) (compare frocga from frox). Another proposal is that it derives from Proto-West Germanic *dugan (“to be suitable”), the origin of Old English dugan (“to be good, worthy, useful”), English dow, Dutch deugen, German taugen. The theory goes that it could have been an epithet for dogs, commonly used by children, meaning "good/useful animal". Another is that it is related to *docce (“stock, muscle”), from Proto-West Germanic *dokkā (“round mass, ball, muscle, doll”), whence English dock (“stumpy tail”).
In 14th-century England, hound (from Old English hund) was the general word for all domestic canines, and dog referred to a subtype resembling the modern mastiff and bulldog. By the 16th century, dog had become the general word, and hound had begun to refer only to breeds used for hunting. In the 16th century, the word dog was adopted by several continental European languages as their word for mastiff.
Despite similarities in forms and meaning, not related to Mbabaram dog.

hond

morally reprehensible person — see also scoundrel

it is easy to find a stick to beat a dog

on the Internet nobody knows you're a dog

the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog

(cartomancy) The eighteenth Lenormand card.


limoniad

limoniads (plural)
leimoniad (alternative)
limnade (alternative)
limniad (alternative)

Latin limoniades, plural, Ancient Greek λειμωνιάδες (leimōniádes), from λειμών (leimṓn, “meadow”).


apodict

(philosophy, rare) An apodictic proposition; a non-mathematical axiom.


apodict

en-adj

apodict (comparative more apodict, superlative most apodict)

more apodict (comparative)
most apodict (superlative)

From the Ancient Greek ἀποδεικτός (apodeiktós, “demonstrable”).