phaneron

Coined by Charles Sanders Peirce in 1905 based on Ancient Greek φανερόν n (phanerón, “that which is visible”), substantivized from the adjective φανερός (phanerós, “visible, apparent, manifest”).

bor

This mattered so much to Charles Sanders Pierce that he drew a line between reality — the way the universe truly is — and what he called "the phaneron" — the world as filtered through our senses and bodies, the only information we can get.

2013, Vsauce, "Is Anything Real?", 7:39–7:54

(philosophy) That which is perceived by the mind, regardless of whether it corresponds to reality.


mutual aid

From mutual + aid. Popularised by the anarcho-communist philosopher, Peter Kropotkin.

(anarchism, communism, philosophy, by extension) A voluntary reciprocal exchange of resources and services for mutual benefit.


Aerope

(Greek mythology) The daughter of Catreus, king of Crete, and sister to Clymene, Apemosyne and Althaemenes. Catreus gave her to Nauplius, to be drowned or sold abroad, but Nauplius spared her.

(Greek mythology) A daughter of Cepheus of Arcadia, who was king of Tegea.


Polynoe

From Ancient Greek Πουλυνόη (Poulunóē, literally “giver of reason; richness of mind, thoughtful”).


Porrima

(Roman mythology) The goddess Antevorta.


Herbrand's theorem

(logic) A fundamental result of mathematical logic, essentially allowing a certain kind of reduction of first-order logic to propositional logic.


Davis-Putnam algorithm

Developed by Martin Davis and Hilary Putnam.

(logic) An algorithm for checking the validity of a first-order logic formula using a resolution-based decision procedure for propositional logic.


permissivism

(epistemology) The belief that there are situations where the evidence for a proposition justifies either believing or doubting that proposition.


virtue ethicist

en-noun

virtue ethicist (plural virtue ethicists)

(ethics) A philosopher or other thinker who advocates or employs virtue ethics.


pancognitivism

(philosophy of mind) The view that thought is present everywhere at a fundamental level.


Academus

(Greek mythology) An Athenian hero who saved Athens by preventing an invasion by Castor and Pollux.


Saturn return

Saturn returns (plural)
Saturn Return (alternative)

The first year of the Saturn return is filled with the ambivalence of whether one really wants to grow up or not.

2000, Erin Sullivan, Saturn in Transit: Boundaries of Mind, Body, and Soul, page 73:

It is not unusual at all to see individuals get married, get divorced, have a child, change a career, go back to school, make a major move, or even lose a loved one during their Saturn return.

2013, Sandy Anastasi, Astrology: Art and Science, page 222:

During their Saturn Return, Taureans will have a revelation that will offset all of their pre-existing beliefs.

2021, Lisa Stardust, Saturn Return Survival Guide: Navigating This Cosmic Rite of Passage, page 38:

(astrology) A transit in which Saturn returns to the position it occupied at the moment of a person's birth, occurring for the first time from age 27 to 30 and said to be a time of change, challenge, and maturation.


epistemic rationality

Coordinate term: instrumental rationality

(philosophy) A specific form of rationality focusing on forming accurate beliefs regarding the world based on available evidence.


hypothetical imperative

hypothetical imperative (plural hypothetical imperatives)

From German hypothetischer Imperativ, used by Immanuel Kant.

(philosophy) A formula that tells one how to act in order to achieve a specific goal, without reflecting on the value of the goal itself. Such an imperative is conditional, i.e., it would only motivate one who already shares the end goal in question.


Britomartis

From Ancient Greek Βριτόμαρτις (Britómartis).

(Greek mythology) A Greek goddess of mountains and hunting, primarily worshipped on the island of Crete.


antifrustrationism

From anti- + frustration + -ism, coined by German analytic philosopher Christoph Fehige in 1998.

coinage

(philosophy) The axiological view that frustrated preferences create a negative moral 'debit' which can be canceled out through their satisfaction. Thus, satisfying a desire that already exists is good, but creating a new satisfied desire is not.


normative statement

en-noun

normative statement (plural normative statements)

(philosophy) A statement expressing a value judgment answering the question of what ought to be, as opposed to what there is.


positive statement

positive statement (plural positive statements)

(philosophy, social sciences) A statement concerning what is, was, or will be, based on empirical evidence.


Adephagia

From Ancient Greek Ἀδηφαγία (Adēphagía).

(Greek mythology) The goddess and personification of gluttony.


Baroco

(logic, obsolete) Alternative form of Baroko


Bocardo

(logic, obsolete) Alternative form of Bokardo


withering away of the state

withering away of the state (uncountable)

Coined by Friedrich Engels in 1878 for his work, "Anti-Dühring", from Calque of German der Staat wird nicht „abgeschafft“, er stirbt ab (“the state is not "abolished", it atrophies”)

cal

(politics, Marxism, communism) The proposed situation where, in a classless society, people govern themselves as a commune without needing a government or law enforcement.


Aunt Tabby

(feminism, historical, derogatory) A woman who opposes the feminist movement or regards it as too radical.


LWB

The cards require interpretation, and the interpretations offered by the LWBs, traditional or not, are ultimately only scaffolding on which to hang your own intuition, which is something you acquire over a period of time and with much trial and error.

2008, Paul Huson, “The Arcane Roots of Tarot”, in The Witches' Almanac, number 27, page 13:

The goal is not to memorize the cards in the LWB, but to develop a relationship with the cards.

2013, Patrick Dunn, Cartomancy with the Lenormand and the Tarot: Create Meaning and Gain Insight from the Cards, page 62:

Looking back, I think that learning by the LWB was a great way to start.

2023, Julia Gordon-Bramer, Tarot Life Lessons: Living Wisdom from the Major Arcana:

(tarot) Initialism of little white book; a type of small instructional guide included with mass-market tarot decks.


factial

(philosophy) Of or relating to factiality.


causingness

The term Causation, as the author observes, signifies causingness and causedness taken together, but I do not see on what ground he asserts that it connotes present time.

1829, John Stuart Mill, Analysis of the Phenomena of the Human Mind:

(philosophy) The quality or characteristic of being the cause of something.


Himeros

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἵμερος (Hímeros), ἵμερος (hímeros, “yearning, desire”).

1999, Janet Lloyd (translator), Claude Calame, Taylor & Francis (Routledge), The Poetics of Eros in Ancient Greece, [1992, I Greci e l'eros], Princeton University Press, pages 31-32,
A late-fifth-century hydria represents Himeros as a young boy who is present at the judgment of Paris: while Eros concentrates on winning over the young shepherd, Himeros and Pothos flank Aphrodite, indicating that this is the goddess upon whom his choice will fall. And a famous black-figure plaque dating from as early as dating from as early as the mid-sixth century shows Aphrodite holding in her arms two wingless children named, respectively, Himeros and Pothos.

While both love gods Eros and Himeros are regularly associated with Aphrodite, and they often appear together or separately in overtly erotic contexts, it is a bit tricky to differentiate between these two figures with precision.

2010, Monica S. Cyrino, Aphrodite, page 45:

The Greeks observed that Himeros often mingled with other goddesses, namely the Graces and the Hours and with Persuasion (Peitho) and Eros, all in the company of Aphrodite. How strange it is that in our times, Himeros often is found in the company of boredom, weariness and emptiness, since to experience desire and yearning is regarded as being deprived! Even though fulfillment is yet to come, Himeros is neither bored nor deprived.

2010, Betty Mallett Smith, The Greek Dialogues, Xlibris, page 460:

(Greek mythology) The Greek god of uncontrollable desire, often depicted as a winged child attendant to Aphrodite.


ecthesis

From Ancient Greek ἐκθετικός (ekthetikós).

(logic, historical) An exposition or setting out; used by Aristotle in setting forth various proofs, though the nature of the process is disputed; perhaps simply writing out in letter notation.

The Ecthesis

a letter published in 638 CE by the Byzantine emperor Heraclius which defined Monothelitism as the official imperial form of Christianity.


Kallipolis

From Ancient Greek Καλλίπολις (Kallípolis, “City of Beauty”). Doublet of Callipolis, Gallipoli, and Gelibolu.

doublet

(philosophy) The utopian city state ruled by philosopher kings as theorised by Plato in the Republic.


Pheme

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Φήμη (Phḗmē).

lbor

(Greek mythology) The personification of fame and renown, her favour being notability, her wrath being scandalous rumours.


Virbius

(Greek mythology) The resurrected Hippolytus of Athens, who (according to some accounts) became the king of the Aricians and ruled from inside the shrine of Diana.


Volcanus

(Roman mythology) Synonym of Vulcan, the Roman god of fire and metalwork.


Erisian

en-adj

Erisian (comparative more Erisian, superlative most Erisian)

more Erisian (comparative)
most Erisian (superlative)

(Greek mythology) Of or relating to Eris.


ratificationism

(philosophy) A doctrine stating that ratifiable choices are the ones that should be made.


Ops

Learned borrowing from Latin Ops, from Latin ops (“resources, wealth”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ep-(i)-, *h₃op-(i)- (“force, ability”), from *h₃ep- base

(Roman mythology) The goddess of earth and fertility. Equivalent to the Greek Rhea, Ops was the sister-wife of Saturn and mother of Jupiter. After Saturn learned of a prophecy that his children by Ops would overthrow him, he ate each of them just after they were born; however, Ops saved Jupiter by feeding Saturn a stone instead.


social compact

(philosophy) Synonym of social contract.


Sterquilinus

Sterculius (alternative)
Stercutus (alternative)

(Roman mythology) A Roman god of odor and manure.


Gleipnir

(Norse mythology) The binding that holds Fenrir, a chain made of six impossible objects forged together by the dwarves.


Huveane

(mythology) A trickster god and a creator god in Pedi and Venda mythologies.


Agenor

/əˈd͡ʒiːnɔː/

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἀγήνωρ (Agḗnōr).

bor+

(Greek mythology) King of Phoenicia, father of Cadmus and Europa, and ancestor of Dido.


Anaxarete

/əˌnæksəˈɹɛti/

From Ancient Greek Ἀναξαρέτη (Anaxarétē).

(Greek mythology) a rich and beautiful maiden of Cyprus, who, disdaining the love of Iphis, was changed to stone.


pragmatum

I state that the pragmata as "the useful things" went beyond these "live options."

2006, Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka, Imaginatio Creatrix, page 199:

Pragmata already imply the relation with self that avoids the necessity of having to posit, or argue for, something like the pure essence or true meaning of a thing.

2007, Pat Arneson, Perspectives on Philosophy of Communication, page 223:

For Ortega, pragmata do not represent our real concerns in life, but, as he liked to call them, "pseudo-things."

2008, Norman K. Denzin, Studies in Symbolic Interaction, page 85:

(philosophy) A thing viewed through a pragmatic lens, i.e. a tool viewed as the sum of practical consequences for which it is responsible.


veneer theory

His [Maestripieri's] take-home message - that brute power politics is the root of, and the route to, success - looks like corroboration of 'veneer theory'

2012, Caspar Henderson, The Book of Barely Imagined Beings, page 154:

(psychology, philosophy) The idea that morality is simply a cultural manner that hides man's innate amorality.


dasha

en-noun

dasha (countable and uncountable, plural dashas)

(astrology) One of various systems of Hindu astrology based on planetary periods, in which these planetary periods have good or bad effects depending on their placement by sign, house, combinations with other planets, and aspects.


truthset

truthsets (plural)
truth set (alternative)

(mathematics, logic) A set of all true values


ultratotal

(logic, archaic) That quantifies more than the total quantity.


Athamas

(Greek mythology) A Boeotian king, father of Phrixus and Helle by his first wife Nephele, whom he deserted for Ino.


nonagenary

From Latin nōnāgēnārius (“containing 90”) either directly or via Middle French nonagénaire, from Latin nōnāgēnī (“90 each”) + -ārius (“-ary”), from nōnāgintā (“nine tens, 90”).

As for Mars, as he is neerer to the Sunne, so feeleth he the Sunne beames by a quadrant aspect, to wit, ninetie degrees: wherupon that motion tooke the name, called the first and second Nonagenarie, from both risings.

1601, Pliny, translated by Philemon Holland, The Historie of the World, volume I, page 10:

(astronomy, astrology, obsolete) Synonym of square or quadrature: a rising at a 90 degree angle to the position of another heavenly body, particularly the sun.


Isonade

/ˌiːsəʊˈnɑːdeɪ/

Transliteration of Japanese 磯撫で (いそなで, Isonade, literally “shore stroker”).

translit

With more than 70% of the Earth's surface submerged beneath water, it comes as no surprise that throughout history mankind has been fascinated with the seas and oceans. In earlier years this fascination manifested itself in the form of fear and mystery; […] in Japanese stories, fierce winds would blow whenever Isonade, a shark-like sea monster, appeared.

2009 June, Marios Christou, “Introduction”, in Fully Nonlinear Computations of Waves and Wave-structure Interaction (unpublished Ph.D. thesis), London: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, →DOI, →OCLC, page 25:

Another Japanese giant fish is Isonade, a sharklike sea monster that causes strong winds and also capsizes boats or catches unwary fishermen with the hooks on its huge tail.

2011, Gene Helfman, Bruce Collette, “Fishes in Stories and Literature”, in Fishes: The Animal Answer Guide, Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, →ISBN, page 131:

Nipponese sailors traveling along the western coast of Japan are warned to keep a weather eye open for the Isonade, akin in form to a huge shark with hook-like barbs on its tail. Much as the giant namazu catfish of Japanese legend is associated with earthquakes, the movements of the gigantic Isonade are said to be the source of sudden changes in sea currents and winds from the north.

2014 summer, Jonathan Maniscalco, “Seven Entries from The New Book of Imaginary Beings”, in Jonathan Maniscalco, Frances Gossen, editors, Clarion, number 17, Boston, Mass.: The Pen & Anvil Press; Boston University Literary Society, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-07-16, section iii (The Isonade), page 107:

(Japanese mythology) A mythological monster that resembles an enormous shark, said to live off the coast of western Japan.

إيسونادي

mythological monster that resembles an enormous shark said to live off the coast of western Japan


ATGATT

(motorcycling, philosophy) Acronym of all the gear all the time.. A statement of philosophy of the motorcyclist rider, who rides fully kitted-out whenever out riding.


Zeno's paradox

en-noun

Zeno's paradox (plural Zeno's paradoxes)

(philosophy) Any of a set of philosophical problems generally thought to have been devised by the Greek philosopher Zeno of Elea (c. 490–430 BC) to support Parmenides' doctrine that, contrary to the evidence of one's senses, the belief in plurality and change is mistaken, and in particular that motion is nothing but an illusion.


Benardete's paradox

(philosophy) A philosophical problem whereby a man intends to walk a mile from a particular point, but an infinity of gods separately plan to obstruct him. One of them will raise a barrier to stop his further advance if he reaches the half-mile point, a second if he reaches the quarter-mile point, a third if he goes one-eighth of a mile, and so on ad infinitum. The paradox involves the fact that (i) the man cannot begin walking, because a barrier will stop him even at the shortest distance, but (ii) if he does not begin walking, no barrier will rise.


Psychean

(mythology) Of or relating to the Greek god Psyche.


unverity

unverity (countable and uncountable, plural unverities)

All and only classically valid arguments are those which preserve verity in the following sense: there is no assignment of verities such that the unverity of the conclusion exceeds the sum of the unverities of the premises.

2013, A. Bottani, Massimiliano Carrara, P. Giaretta, Individuals, Essence and Identity, page 311:

(logic) A value equal to 1 minus the truth value of a statement.


Anticlea

From Ancient Greek Ἀντίκλεια (Antíkleia, literally “without fame”).

bor

(Greek mythology) A queen of Ithaca, the wife of King Laërtes.


Anticlia

(Greek mythology) Alternative form of Anticlea


campist

(derogatory, politics, socialism, slang) A leftist who supports any country/organization simply for being opposed to the United States or the West, including authoritarian governments who would otherwise not follow leftist beliefs.


social alienation

en-noun

social alienation (plural social alienations)

(philosophy, general) a person's feeling of disconnection and/or isolation from a group – whether friends, family, or wider society – or another individual due to low degree of integration or common values


Itylos

(Greek mythology) Alternative form of Itylus


ontoepistemology

ontoepistemology (countable and uncountable, plural ontoepistemologies)

From onto- + epistemology, coined by Karen Barad.

(philosophy) A form of agential realism that is at once an epistemology (theory of knowing), an ontology (theory of being), and an ethics.


Phaethusa

From Ancient Greek Φαέθουσα (Phaéthousa, literally “radiance”).

bor

(Greek mythology) A daughter of Helios and Neaera, the personification of the brilliant, blinding rays of the sun. With her sister, Lampetia, she guarded the cattle of Thrinacia.


Phaethontic

(Greek mythology) Of or relating to Phaëthon.


Cocamama

(mythology) The Incan goddess of the coca plant.


Codrus

(Greek mythology) The last of the semi-mythical kings of Athens (r. ca 1089–1068 BC), an ancient exemplar of patriotism and self-sacrifice.


Corineus

(mythology) A prodigious warrior and the eponymous founder of Cornwall in British legend.


Cydippe

The daughter of the nymph Hegetoria and Ochimus, king of Rhodes.

An Athenian girl who was obliged to marry Acontius.


Tailte

(Irish mythology) Alternative form of Tailtiu


Alfridary

(astrology) A system of planetary periods of apparent Persian origin, somewhat similar to the Hindu dasha system.


prehensive

en-adj

prehensive (comparative more prehensive, superlative most prehensive)

more prehensive (comparative)
most prehensive (superlative)

In Faraday's vision of the interpenetrability of matter, or in Whitehead's vision of the prehensive unification of space-time, is expressed the Unitive state of the mystic.

1981, William Irwin Thompson, The Time Falling Bodies Take to Light: Mythology, Sexuality and the Origins of Culture, London: Rider/Hutchinson & Co., page 82:

(philosophy) Of or relating to Alfred North Whitehead's concept of prehension.


Arimasp

(mythology) A member of a legendary one-eyed people of Scythia.


conjecturalism

If conjecturalism in a suitably strengthened form is to succeed where its original Popperian version fails, one major aim of the book under review is, as one might put it, to defeat rationality-scepticism.

1985, Journal of Indian Council of Philosophical Research, page 142:

Extreme conjecturalism is inevitably accompanied by Pyrrhonism. Against conjecturalism and Pyrrhonism there is only the old remedy: the cautious and methodical examination of documents with all the skills that were developed in the collaboration of antiquaries and textual critics in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.

Quoted in 2007, Peter N. Miller, Momigliano and Antiquarianism: Foundations of the Modern Cultural Sciences (page 339)

It is in the light of Kant's conjecturalism, for example, that we should interpret the famous passage of the first Critique, at B XIII: the intellectual revolution by which the experimental method of modern science emerged is there interpreted by Kant as amounting to the realisation that "reason has insight only into that which it produces after a plan of its own". This means that, regarding nature as the object of scientific knowledge, that which reason puts into nature, that is, our conjectures, serve^([sic]) as reason's own guide: in order that we can further our knowledge of nature, we must constrain, or compel it to answer questions we ourselves formulate.

2013, Sergio L. de C. Fernandes, Foundations of Objective Knowledge:

(philosophy) The belief that intentionally supposing that a proposition is true is a good reason to believe that proposition in the absence of evidence of its falsehood.


Antevorta

(Roman mythology) An ancient Roman goddess of the future.


Atahensic

Ataensic (alternative)
Ataentsic (alternative)
Eagentci (alternative)

(mythology) An Iroquois sky goddess associated with marriage, childbirth, and feminine affairs in general.


footholder

One particularly difficult figure is the king's footholder, the problems with which have already been clearly delineated by McKenna.

2018, Robin Chapman Stacey, Law and the Imagination in Medieval Wales, page 146:

After the rape of his “footholder,” the king tries to find another maiden who could be used for this purpose.

Antón Bousquet, The World of the Gauls: Foundation(s) of a Celtic Philosophy (page 253)

(mythology) In Welsh mythology, a virgin maiden tasked with holding a warrior's feet in her lap.


Hesione

(Greek mythology) Any of various women in Greek mythology, especially the Trojan princess who was the daughter of King Laomedon.


Medjed

Borrowed from Egyptian mḏd (“Medjed”, literally “the true-striking”).

bor+

(Egyptian mythology) A minor god mentioned in the Ancient Egyptian Book of the Dead.


Mount of Temptation

Monastery of the Temptation
Mount of Temptation

(Christianity mythology) The supposed location of the Temptation of Christ in the early 1st century.


double-barreled question

en-noun

double-barreled question (plural double-barreled questions)

(logic) an informal fallacy. It is committed when someone asks a question that touches upon more than one issue, yet allows only for one answer.


maelid

(Greek mythology) The nymph associated with an apple tree.


self-stultifying

It's self-stultifying for a politician to say that all politicians are liars.

(philosophy, of a statement or idea) That is inherently disproven, undermined or hindered by the very act of expressing it, without being a logical contradiction.


self-stultification

(philosophy) The process by which a statement or idea is inherently disproven, undermined or hindered by the very act of expressing it, without it being a logical contradiction.


Platonic month

Sumerian civilization lasted for an entire Platonic month from 4000 to 2000 B.C.

1981, William Irwin Thompson, The Time Falling Bodies Take to Light: Mythology, Sexuality and the Origins of Culture, London: Rider/Hutchinson & Co., page 207:

(astronomy, astrology) One twelfth of a Great Year, corresponding to one of the zodiacal ages (roughly 2000 years).


Thersitean

en-adj

Thersitean (comparative more Thersitean, superlative most Thersitean)

more Thersitean (comparative)
most Thersitean (superlative)

It is instructive to compare the Thersitean critique of communal identity with the narratives of an emergent English nationalism.

2005, Simon Barker, Shakespeare's Problem Plays:

(Greek mythology) Of or relating to Thersites, a Greek soldier during the Trojan War who was punished for his outspoken criticism of Agamemnon.


Islands of the Blessed

Islands of the Blest
Islands of the Blest


patsoc

(communism, Internet slang) A supporter of socialist patriotism.

(communism, Internet slang, derogatory) A Marxist-Leninist who supports chauvinist positions.


patsoc

(communism, Internet slang) Supporting socialist patriotism.

(communism, Internet slang, derogatory) Supporting Marxism-Leninism but also chauvinist positions


takya

takyas (plural)
takyé/takyeh (alternative)
tekye/tekyeh (alternative)
tekke (alternative)
takiyya (alternative)
takyah (alternative)
takia (alternative)
takiya (alternative)
takiyah (alternative)
takieh (alternative)
takié (alternative)
takiye (alternative)
takiyeh (alternative)
tekieh (alternative)
tekiye (alternative)
tekiyeh (alternative)

The presence of the Hindiler Tekkesi or the Indian takya in Istanbul since the time of Tipu's mission is another indication but it was not until the 1840s that the position of the Indian Muslims with regard to the Ottoman caliphate was fully crystallized.

1999, M. Naeem Qureshi, Pan-Islam in British Indian Politics, page 16:

The younger shaykh, Baba Musafir, turned to the task of establishing a takya or khanqah at Awrangabad

A gathering place for Sufis, especially in the Ottoman Empire and South Asia.

takyas (graveyards)

1994, A. D. Khan, Diplomatics of the Soyurghal Farman of the Great Mughals, page 6:

Takya, a pillow, a resting-place of Faqīrs

2017, Ja'far Sharif, William Crooke, Islam in India:

The cemetery or graveyard of Sufis, especially in South Asia.


metaepistemology

(philosophy) The study of the nature, methods, goals and underlying assumptions of epistemology


conceptual engineering

(philosophy) A subbranch of analytic philosophy concerned with normative inquiry into conceptual repertoires.


Camenae

Camoenae (alternative)
Casmenae (alternative)

(Roman mythology) A group of prophetic goddesses associated with childbirth, wells, and fountains.


Camoenae

(Roman mythology) Alternative form of Camenae


Haoreima

Borrowed from Manipuri ꯍꯥꯎꯔꯩꯃ (hāʼureima).

bor+

Haoleima (alternative)
Haureima (alternative)
Hauleima (alternative)

(Meitei mythology) The ancient Meitei goddess of diseases, illnesses, souls and spirits.


Imoinu

Borrowed from Manipuri ꯏꯃꯣꯏꯅꯨ (ʼimoʼinu).

Emoinu (alternative)
Eemoinu (alternative)

(Meitei mythology) The ancient Meitei goddess of family, the fireplace/hearth, the household and kitchen, peace, prosperity and wealth.


Irai Leima

Erai Leima (alternative)
Ireima (alternative)
Ereima (alternative)

(Meitei mythology) The ancient Meitei goddess of water, aquatic life, diseases and illnesses.


Khamlangba

Borrowed from Manipuri ꯈꯝꯂꯥꯡꯕ (khamlāngba).

(Meitei mythology) The ancient Meitei god of iron, mining, metallurgy, steel manufacturing, hunting and war.


Khuman Pokpa

Borrowed from Manipuri ꯈꯨꯃꯟ ꯄꯣꯛꯄ (khuman pokpa).

Khumanpokpa (alternative)
Khuman Apokpa (alternative)

(Meitei mythology) The ancient Meitei god of the sunset and the night time; the ancestral god of the Khuman clan.


Khunu Leima

Borrowed from Manipuri ꯈꯨꯅꯨꯔꯩꯃ (khunureima).

(Meitei mythology) The ancient Meitei goddess of pigeons and doves.


Khamnung Kikoi Louonbi

Borrowed from Manipuri ꯈꯝꯅꯨꯡ ꯀꯤꯀꯣꯢ ꯂꯧꯑꯣꯟꯕꯤ (khamnung kikoi louʼonbi).

ꯈꯝꯅꯨꯡ ꯀꯤꯀꯣꯢ ꯂꯧꯑꯣꯟꯕꯤ

(Meitei mythology) An ancient Meitei goddess of death who carries off the souls of individuals to the underworld.


Khoriphaba

Borrowed from Manipuri ꯈꯣꯔꯤꯐꯥꯕ (khoriphāba).

Khoiriphaba (alternative)
Kholiphapa (alternative)
Khoiliphapa (alternative)

(Meitei mythology) The ancient Meitei god of adventure, sports, wrestling and polo matches. He is the son of Salailen and Konthoujam Tampha Lairembi.


Salailen

Salailel (alternative)
Salairen (alternative)
Salairel (alternative)
Soraren (alternative)
Sorarel (alternative)

(Meitei mythology) An ancient Meitei god of the sky and heaven. He is the king of all gods.


Konthoujam Tampha Lairembi

Konthoujam Tampha (alternative)
Konthoujam Lairembi (alternative)

(Meitei mythology) An ancient Meitei goddess, the Queen of Heaven, a consort of Salailen and the mother of Khoriphaba.


Korouhanba

Borrowed from Manipuri ꯀꯣꯔꯧꯍꯟꯕ (korouhanba).

Korou Hanba (alternative)
Korou (alternative)
Kolouhanpa (alternative)
Kolou Hanpa (alternative)
Kolou (alternative)
Koilouhanpa (alternative)
Koilou Hanpa (alternative)
Koilou (alternative)
Numit (alternative)

(Meitei mythology) The ancient Meitei god of the sun, sky and heaven.


Koupalu

Koubaru (alternative)
Koubru (alternative)

(Meitei mythology) The ancient Meitei tutelary guardian god of the northwestern direction. He is the mythological founder of human civilization.


Koujeng Leima

Borrowed from Manipuri ꯀꯧꯖꯦꯡ ꯂꯩꯃ (koujeng leima).

(Meitei mythology) An ancient Meitei goddess of tribal origin, a minor consort of the god Koupalu.


Kounu

(Meitei mythology) The ancient Meitei guardian goddess of the northern direction, the snows of the far north, giver of good rainfall, and a consort of God Koupalu.


Laikhurembi

Borrowed from Manipuri ꯂꯥꯏꯈꯨꯔꯦꯝꯕꯤ (lāʼikhurembi).

Laikhulempi (alternative)
Laikhutlembi (alternative)
Laikhutlempi (alternative)

(Meitei mythology) An ancient Meitei goddess of argument, justice, good counsel, divine law, order, retribution and secrecy; the chief queen of the Khamnung underworld and the chief consort of the god Thongalen.


Thongalen

Borrowed from Manipuri ꯊꯣꯉꯥꯂꯦꯟ (thongālen).

Thongalel (alternative)
Thongarel (alternative)
Thongaren (alternative)

(Meitei mythology) An ancient Meitei god of the dead and the king of the Khamnung underworld.


Lainaotabi

Lainaotapi (alternative)
Leinaotabi (alternative)
Leinaotapi (alternative)
Lainautabi (alternative)
Leinautabi (alternative)
Lainautapi (alternative)
Leinautapi (alternative)

(Meitei mythology) An ancient Meitei goddess of charm, magic, sorcery, spell, weaving and witchcraft and a minor consort of the god Thongalen, and later remarried to Poireiton.


Lok Ningthou

(Meitei mythology) The ancient Meitei god of brooks, gorges, ravines, rills, rivulets, runnels and streams, the guardian of the southern direction and the son of the god Wangpulen.


Wangpulen

Borrowed from Manipuri ꯋꯥꯡꯄꯨꯂꯦꯟ (wāngpulen).

Wangpulel (alternative)
Wangpuren (alternative)
Wangpurel (alternative)
Wangbaren (alternative)
Wangbarel (alternative)
Wangbren (alternative)
Wangbrel (alternative)

(Meitei mythology) The ancient Meitei god of water, rain, flood, disease and sickness, the guardian of the southeast direction.


Loyalakpa

Borrowed from Manipuri ꯂꯣꯌꯥꯔꯥꯛꯄ (loyārākpa).

Loiyalakpa (alternative)
Loyarakpa (alternative)
Loiyarakpa (alternative)

(Meitei mythology) The ancient Meitei guardian god of the western direction. He is an adopted son of the god Koupalu and goddess Kounu.


Marjing

Borrowed from Manipuri ꯃꯥꯔꯖꯤꯡ (mārajing).

(Meitei mythology) The ancient Meitei god of polo, hockey, horse, sports and war. He is the guardian of the northeast direction.


Mongba Hanba

Borrowed from Manipuri ꯃꯣꯡꯕ ꯍꯟꯕ (mongba hanba).

(Meitei mythology) Ancient Meitei sylvan deity.


Ngaleima

Borrowed from Manipuri ꯉꯥꯔꯩꯃ (ngāreima).

Nga Leima (alternative)
Ngareima (alternative)

(Meitei mythology) The ancient Meitei goddess of fish and aquatic life.


Nganu Leima

Borrowed from Manipuri ꯉꯥꯅꯨ ꯂꯩꯃ (ngānu leima).

(Meitei mythology) The ancient Meitei goddess of ducks and waterfowl.


Nungthel Leima

Nungthen Leima (alternative)
Thoudu Nungthel Leima (alternative)
Thoudu Nungthen Leima (alternative)

(Meitei mythology) An ancient Meitei goddess, the adopted daughter of Koupalu and Kounu, and the consort of Loyalakpa.


Nongpok Ningthou

Borrowed from Manipuri ꯅꯣꯡꯄꯣꯛ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ (nongpok ningthou).

ꯅꯣꯡꯄꯣꯛ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ

(Meitei mythology) The ancient Meitei guardian god of the eastern direction. He is the consort of the goddess Panthoibi.


Panthoibi

Borrowed from Manipuri ꯄꯥꯟꯊꯣꯏꯕꯤ (pānthoʼibi).

(Meitei mythology) The ancient Meitei goddess of civilization, courage, fertility, handicraft, love, victory, warfare and wisdom, the consort of the god Nongpok Ningthou.


Nongshaba

Borrowed from Manipuri ꯅꯣꯡꯁꯥꯕ (nongsāba).

Nongshapa (alternative)
Kanglasha (alternative)
Kangla Sha (alternative)

(Meitei mythology) Ancient Meitei dragon lion god of protection.


Nongthang Leima

Borrowed from Manipuri ꯅꯣꯡꯊꯥꯡ ꯂꯩꯃ (nongthāng leima).

(Meitei mythology) The ancient Meitei goddess of seduction, thunder and lightning.


Pakhangba

(Meitei mythology) Ancient Meitei serpentine dragon god of protection of the universe.


Panam Ningthou

Borrowed from Manipuri ꯄꯅꯝ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ (panam ningthou).

(Meitei mythology) Ancient Meitei protector god of crops (paddy) from hailstorm and thunder. He is the igniter of the first fire.


Phou Ningthou

Borrowed from Manipuri ꯐꯧ ꯅꯤꯪꯊꯧ (phou niṃthou).

(Meitei mythology) The ancient Meitei god of agriculture, crops, fertility, grains, harvesting, paddy and rice, the consort of the goddess Phouoibi.


Phouoibi

Phouoipi (alternative)
Phouleima (alternative)
Phoureima (alternative)

(Meitei mythology) The ancient Meitei goddess of agriculture, crops, fertility, grains, harvesting, paddy, rice and wealth, the consort of the god Phou Ningthou.


Pisatao

Borrowed from Manipuri ꯄꯤꯁꯥꯇꯥꯎ (pisātāʼu), ꯄꯤ (pi, “to give”) + ꯁꯥ (sā, “to create, make”) + ꯇꯥꯎ (tāʼu, “male friend”).

com

Pisatau (alternative)
Pishatao (alternative)
Pishatau (alternative)

(Meitei mythology) The ancient Meitei god of architecture, artisans, forge, handicrafts, metallurgy and skills.


Pureiromba

Borrowed from Manipuri ꯄꯨꯔꯩꯔꯣꯝꯕ (pureiromba).

bor+

Puleilompa (alternative)
Pureilomba (alternative)

(Meitei mythology) Ancient Meitei giver god of rain and agricultural prosperity.


Sanamahi

Borrowed from Manipuri ꯁꯅꯥꯃꯍꯤ (sanāmahi). Meitei word Sana is a portmanteau of Salailen and "Nawa" ("child" in Meitei), thereby meaning "Salailen's child (Nawa)". Sanamahi is a combination of "Sana" and "Mahi" ("liquid" in Meitei), thereby meaning "child (Nawa) developed by the liquid (Mahi) of Salailen".

Sannamahi (alternative)
Sanamahee (alternative)
Sannamahee (alternative)

(Meitei mythology) Ancient Meitei supreme guardian god of mankind and human household. He is the son of God Salailen.


Shapi Leima

Sapi Leima (alternative)
Shabi Leima (alternative)
Sabi Leima (alternative)
Shabireima (alternative)
Sabireima (alternative)

(Meitei mythology) An ancient Meitei goddess and mistress of all the rodents, daughter of the god Salailen.


Taoroinai

Borrowed from Manipuri ꯇꯥꯎꯔꯣꯢꯅꯥꯢ (tāʼuroināi).

Tauroinai (alternative)
Taoloinai (alternative)
Tauloinai (alternative)

(Meitei mythology) Ancient Meitei serpentine dragon god of the moon.


Thangching

Borrowed from Manipuri ꯊꯥꯡꯖꯤꯡ (thāngjing).

(Meitei mythology) Ancient Meitei protector and guardian god of the southwestern direction. He is the progenitor of the Moirang clan.


Thongak Lairembi

Borrowed from Manipuri ꯊꯣꯡꯉꯥꯛ ꯂꯥꯢꯔꯦꯝꯕꯤ (thongngāk lāirembi).

ꯊꯣꯡꯉꯥꯛ ꯂꯥꯢꯔꯦꯝꯕꯤ

Thongak Leima (alternative)
Thongak Lailempi (alternative)
Thongak Lairemma (alternative)

(Meitei mythology) Ancient Meitei gatekeeper goddess of the entrance gate to the underworld kingdom. She is the consort of God Thongalen.


Thumleima

Borrowed from Manipuri ꯊꯨꯝꯂꯩꯃ (thumleima).

(Meitei mythology) An ancient Meitei goddess of salt and salt brines. She is a daughter of the god Salailen.


Yumjao Leima

Yumchao Leima (alternative)
Yumjao Lairembi (alternative)
Yumchao Lailempi (alternative)
Yumjao Lairemma (alternative)
Yumchao Lailemma (alternative)

(Meitei mythology) The ancient Meitei goddess of house, household, royalty, rule and power.


epistemic circularity

en-noun

epistemic circularity (countable and uncountable, plural epistemic circularities)

Coined by William Alston in 1986 in his article "Epistemic Circularity".

(epistemology, countable) A circle of (foundational) epistemic arguments where the reliability of a device used within this circle is also proven within the circle.

(epistemology, uncountable) The quality of being such a circle.


hold come what may

Popularized by the logician W.V.O. Quine.

(logic) Any belief that one is unwilling to relinquish, regardless of the evidence with which one might be presented.


Bundahishn

Borrowed from Avestan 𐬠𐬎𐬥𐬛𐬀𐬵𐬌𐬱𐬥𐬍𐬵 (bundahišnīh, literally “primal creation”), being a word from the first sentence of the younger (and longer) of the two recensions of the work.

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The Bundahishn chapter is here given in outline, renderings from West's translation being sometimes adopted verbatim.

1896, A. V. Williams Jackson, “The Ancient Persian Doctrine of A Future Life”, in William Rainey Harper, Ernest DeWitt Burton, Shailer Mathews, editors, The Biblical World, New Series: Volume 8, University of Chicago Press, page 162:

1997 [Routledge], Alan Williams, 2: Later Zoroastrianism, Brian Carr, Indira Mahalingam (editors), Companion Encyclopedia of Asian Philosophy, 2005, Taylor & Francis e-Library, page 23,
The Bundahishn is concerned with, among other things, the themes of the creation of the world, the order of things, and the eschatological destiny of both the individual soul and the world at large.

According to Bundahishn, the prophet had exclaimed that with the disintegration of the body and the destruction of matter, the reconstruction of the body would not be possible.

2003, Farhang Mehr, The Zoroastrian Tradition, Mazda Publishers, page 143:

(religion, Zoroastrianism, mythology) An encyclopaedic collection of Zoroastrian cosmogony and cosmology; especially, the longer of the two recessions of the work.


Iacchic

(Greek mythology) Of or relating to Iacchus.


Iakchos

(Greek mythology) Alternative form of Iacchus


pseudo-fascism

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-pseudo-fascism.wav

pseudo-Fascism (alternative)
pseudofascism (alternative)

(fascism) Politics that resemble fascism in some respects, but not in others.


Postverta

(Roman mythology) An ancient Roman goddess of the past, sister of Antevorta.


Postvorta

(Roman mythology) Alternative form of Postverta


Carmentae

(Roman mythology) The goddesses Antevorta and Postverta.


presubstantial

Faith, which has but one definition, the realization of the invisible, begins by realizing the invisible past, the prehistoric, the pre-Adamite, the prematerial presubstantial past, and understands that it was by a fiat of the Self-Existent that it was made to be.

1894, Charles John Vaughan, Last Words in the Temple Church, page 221:

By way of explanation, Narbonne suggests that Plotinus accepts the Aristotelian notions of actuality and potentiality used to explain change in substance, but also elaborates a new, presubstantial notion of potentiality.

2003, Jennifer Yhap, Plotinus on the Soul: A Study in the Metaphysics of Knowledge, page 118:

Hegel is a materialist rather than an idealist insofar as he represents subjectivity as an irreducible “crack” in the cosmos rather than as a presubstantial ground from which substance itself would proceed.

2014, Andrew Cutrofello, All for Nothing: Hamlet's Negativity, page 148:

Damascius's elucidation of the presubstantial matrix of the subtle body served his larger project of fusing the theoretical and theurgical trajectories of the Neoplatonic tradition, which in his view were complementary methods on equal footing: […]

2021, Simon Cox, The Subtle Body: A Genealogy, page 30:

(philosophy) Having no physical substance, but having the potential to become substantial.


Argestes

(Roman mythology) A wind from the west-northwest (according to Pliny the Elder) or west-southwest (according to Vitruvius).


Chang'e

/t͡ʃɒŋ.(ʔ)ʌ/

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation for 嫦娥 (Cháng'é).

4. Don't point at the moon
In general, pointing with the index finger at the moon is disrespectful to the moon goddess Chang'e and she will retaliate by cutting your ear clean off, or at least cut it slightly. In addition, during the Qixi Festival, it is considered even worse to point at the moon because, in addition to the original punishment from Chang'e, it may cause one's lover to have a change of heart.

2022 August 4, Keoni Everington, “5 taboos to dodge on Qixi Festival in Taiwan”, in Taiwan News, archived from the original on 2022-08-04, Culture:

(Chinese mythology) The Chinese goddess of the moon.


political commissar

en-noun

political commissar (plural political commissars)

(communism, military) A supervisory political officer responsible for ideological education and organization.


Lot of Fortune

(astrology) The primary Arabic lot (or 'part') still in use. It is defined as λ_H ± (λ_☾ − λ_☉) – that is, a longitudinal distance along the horizon from the ascendant, H, that is equal to the longitudinal separation of the Sun and Moon. For some, λ_H + (λ_☾ − λ_☉) is the Lot of Fortune and λ_H − (λ_☾ − λ_☉) the Lot of Spirit; more often, λ_H + (λ_☾ − λ_☉) is the Lot of Fortune during the day and λ_H − (λ_☾ − λ_☉) the Lot of Fortune at night.


Tornit

(mythology) In Inuit mythology, a member of a race of barbarian magicians.


longtermism

When this thesis [termed earlier the 'long-term value thesis'] is also combined with the idea that some of our actions can have non-negligible effects on how the future goes, it implies that one of our biggest priorities should be ensuring the future goes well. This further idea is usually called ‘longtermism.’ […] The arguments for and against longtermism are a fascinating new area of research. Many of the key advances have been made by philosophers who have spent time in Oxford, like Derek Parfit, Nick Bostrom, Nick Beckstead, Hilary Greaves and Toby Ord.

2017, Benjamin Todd, “Longtermism: the moral significance of future generations”, in 80,000 Hours, retrieved 2022-04-13:

There are a handful of obvious goals we should have for humanity's longterm future, but the most ignored is simply making sure that humanity remains human. It's what the average person on the street would care about, for sure. And yet it is missed by many of those working on longtermism, who are often effective altruists or rationalists or futurists (or some other label nearby to these), and who instead usually focus on ensuring economic progress, avoiding existential risk, and accelerating technologies like biotechnology and artificial intelligence—ironically, the very technologies that may make us unrecognizably inhuman and bring about our reckoning. […] So the future will be upon us faster than we think, and we need to start making decisions about what sort of future we want now. Longtermism gives a moral framework for doing this: it is the view that we should give future lives moral weight, perhaps at a discount, perhaps not; for whether one does or doesn’t discount hypothetical future people (vs. real people) turns out to be rather irrelevant. There are just so many more potential people than actual people, or even historical people who've ever lived.

2022 April 13, Erik Hoel, “How to prevent the coming inhuman future: On stopping the worst excesses of AI, genetic engineering, and brain-tampering”, in The Intrinsic Perspective, retrieved 2022-04-13:

Effective altruists talk about both “neartermism” and “longtermism.” […] MacAskill repeatedly calls longtermism “common sense” and “intuitive.” But each of those terse sentences glosses over a host of additional questions, and it takes MacAskill an entire book to address them.

2022 December 9, Jennifer Szalai, “Effective Altruism Warned of Risks. Did It Also Incentivize Them?”, in The New York Times:

(ethics, philosophy) An ethical theory, generally associated with effective altruism, which prioritizes improving the conditions of the long-term or distant future, rather than focusing exclusively on the near term (as in neartermism).


causa sui

(philosophy) Something that is generated within itself, or assigns itself a purpose.


Vingólf

(Norse mythology) The hall of the goddesses, where righteous men and those slain in battle go after death.


willusionist

(philosophy) A proponent of willusionism.


willusionism

Blend of will + illusionism, coined by philosopher Eddy Nahmias.

(philosophy) The neuroscientific view that free will is an illusion.


Hyang

(mythology) a representation of the Supreme Being in ancient Indonesian (Balinese, Javanese, Osing, Tengger, Sundanese) mythology, native to Java and Bali islands.


eliminative materialism

(philosophy) The materialist view that the majority of the mental states assumed by common sense like belief or sensation do not exist.


Ixionian

en-adj

Ixionian (comparative more Ixionian, superlative most Ixionian)

more Ixionian (comparative)
most Ixionian (superlative)

the Ixionian wheel

(Greek mythology) Of or relating to Ixion.


lotus-eater

lotus-eaters (plural)
lotus eater (alternative)
lotos-eater (alternative)
lotos eater (alternative)

Calque of Ancient Greek Λωτοφάγος (Lōtophágos), described in the epic poem the Odyssey, Book IX.

cal

Men of Ithaca, this is meeter, / In the hollow rosy vale to tarry, / Like a dreamy Lotos-eater, a delirious Lotos-eater!

1832 December (indicated as 1833), Alfred Tennyson, “The Lotos-Eaters”, in Poems, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, page 116:

(Greek mythology) A member of the legendary people living on an island dominated by the lotus tree, who have forgotten their homes due to the fruits' narcotic and stupefying effect.

giolla na leisce

someone with an easy life who does not worry about much


Tsedenbalism

Borrowed from Mongolian цэдэнбализм (cedenbalizm). By surface analysis, Tsedenbal + -ism.

bor+

(communism, historical) The communist ideology espoused by former Mongolian leader Yumjaagiin Tsedenbal.


Curete

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Κουρῆτες (Kourêtes).

(Greek mythology) One of a legendary tribe of people who took part in the quarrel over the Calydonian boar, identified in antiquity as either Aetolians or Acarnanians.


Lyonesse

(mythology) A kingdom mentioned in Arthurian legend, consisting of a long strand of land stretching from Land's End at the southwestern tip of Cornwall, England to what is now the Isles of Scilly in the Celtic Sea portion of the Atlantic Ocean. It was considered lost after being swallowed by the ocean in a single night.


fear gortha

From Irish [Term?] (literally “man of hunger/famine”).

bor

(Irish mythology) A phantom of hunger, resembling an emaciated man.


Gungnir

Learned borrowing from Old Norse Gungnir (“the swaying one”).

lbor

(Norse mythology and paganism) The spear of the Norse god Odin, which is believed to never miss its target.


central committee

en-noun

central committee (plural central committees)

central committees (plural)
Central Committee (alternative)

The four-day, closed-door meeting of the ruling Chinese Communist party (CCP) central committee, known as the sixth plenum, is expected to produce a resolution on the history of the party, which analysts say will shape domestic politics and society for decades to come.

2021 November 8, Vincent Ni, Helen Davidson, “Summit of political elite opens in China as Xi eyes extraordinary third term”, in The Guardian:

(communism) A standing administrative body of communist parties, analogous to a board of directors, of both ruling and nonruling parties of former and existing socialist states.


Khepri

Khepera (alternative)
Kheper (alternative)
Khepra (alternative)
Chepri (alternative)

(Egyptian mythology) A scarab-faced god who represents the rising or morning sun.


Khepera

Khepera eating his own seed is a model of Romantic creativity, where the self is isolated and sexually dual.

1990, Camille Paglia, Sexual Personae, Yale University Press, →ISBN, page 41:

(Egyptian mythology) Alternative form of Khepri


lapidity

(philosophy) The quality of being a stone.


Lir

(Irish mythology) A personification of the sea in Irish mythology.


panprotopsychism

(philosophy) The belief that higher-order phenomenal properties (such as qualia) are logically entailed by protophenomenal properties.


protophenomenal

(philosophy) Of a property: not phenomenal at the individual level, but collectively able to constitute phenomenal properties.


scientific materialism

scientific materialism (countable and uncountable, plural scientific materialisms)

That the analysis of scientific progress provides us with clues which are interesting from the humanistic point of view is the central idea of many antimetaphysical and antireligious doctrines such as positivism, neopositivism, scientific materialism, and the different versions of scientific naturalism widespread in the contemporary intellectual arena.

2000, Mariano Artigas, The Mind of the Universe, Templeton Foundation Press, →ISBN, page 55:

(philosophy) The philosophical belief that nothing exists or occurs that does not have a scientific explanation, even if that scientific explanation is not yet known.


hard determinism

Moreover, suggestions that compatibilists can refute hard determinism on non-semantic grounds are misguided, building more into hard determinism than an adherent of this view needs to accept. […] Hard determinism merely claims that our actions are brought about by genetics and environment, and that this rules out control.

2009, Susan Pockett, William P. Banks, Shaun Gallagher, editors, Does Consciousness Cause Behavior?, MIT Press, →ISBN, page 128:

(philosophy) A view on free will which holds that determinism is true, that it is incompatible with free will, and therefore that free will does not exist.


soft determinism

Coordinate term: hard determinism

Soft determinism is an inviting doctrine, for it allows us to maintain a belief in free will without having to relinquish the belief that every event has a cause. Soft determinism, however, is open to objections that have led some philosophers to abandon the position.

2007, Steven M. Cahn, “Free Will or Determinism?”, in Puzzles & Perplexities: Collected Essays, 2nd edition, Lexington Books, →ISBN, page 9:


soft determinist

en-adj

soft determinist (comparative more soft determinist, superlative most soft determinist)

more soft determinist (comparative)
most soft determinist (superlative)


soft determinist

en-noun

soft determinist (plural soft determinists)

After all, the soft determinist says that we can have determinism and free will, too.

2009, Michael Leming, Raymond De Vries, Brendan Furnish, editors, The Sociological Perspective: A Value-Committed Introduction, Wipf and Stock Publishers, →ISBN, page 48:


hard determinist

en-adj

hard determinist (comparative more hard determinist, superlative most hard determinist)

more hard determinist (comparative)
most hard determinist (superlative)

Pereboom goes on to add that, in a hard determinist world, an agent's moral worth would be determined by, for example, the degree to which they regulate their behaviour in accordance with moral reasons, […]

2009, Daniel Cohen, Nick Trakakis, editors, Essays on Free Will and Moral Responsibility, Cambridge Scholars Publishing, →ISBN, page 48:

(philosophy) Of, pertaining to or supporting hard determinism, the belief that free will and determinism are incompatible ideas.


hard determinist

en-noun

hard determinist (plural hard determinists)

While the hard determinist understands an interrelated set of normative terms on the basis of self-formation, the compatibilist understands a homophonic set on the basis of a meaning of control without self-formation.

(philosophy) A supporter of hard determinism.


ichthyocentaur

From Ancient Greek ἰχθυοκένταυρος (ikhthuokéntauros).

der

ἰχθυοκένταυρος

(Greek mythology) A centaurian sea being with the upper body of a human, the lower anterior half and forelegs of a horse, and the tailed half of a fish.


rivermaiden

(mythology, fantasy) A nymph or female spirit associated with a river.


Askr

(Norse mythology) Alternative form of Ask (“the first male human in the Edda”)


para-communism

From para- (prefix meaning ‘alongside, beside’) + communism.

prefix

In a later section we must examine communism as a world force, but here it is to be observed that just as Chinese democracy is not the same thing as Western democracy but a para-democracy, so Chinese communism is not by any means the Russian article, but a para-communism.

1939, H. G. Wells, “The Chinese Outlook”, in The Fate of Man (Essay Index Reprint Series), Freeport, NY: Books for Libraries Press, published 1970, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 182:

It was Chiang who, on the advice of Borodin and his numerous Russian assistants, gave the Kuomintang (National People's Party) a definite Communist tinge and an organization akin to that of the Soviet Communist Party and the party cells. Kuomintang was consequently described by some observers as a kind of para-communism.

1968, W. Petro, Triple Commission, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 96:

Indeed, at the heart of the allergy of communism and para-communism to the environmental cause is the Marxist heritage which, in this area, was carefully preserved by Lenin and his successors.

2022, Philippe Buton, “The French Left and the Politicization of Environmental Issues”, in European History Quarterly, volume 52, number 3, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC:

(communism) An ideology or organization bearing similarities with communism.


combination problem

en-noun

combination problem (plural combination problems)

This name was coined by William Seager in 1995.

Coordinate term: binding problem

(philosophy) A problem arising from the tension between the seemingly irreducible nature of consciousness, and its ubiquity. If consciousness is ubiquitous, and every atom (or every bit, depending on the theory) has a minimal level of it, then it is not clear how these tiny consciousnesses combine to create larger experiences.


Molyneux's problem

(philosophy) A thought experiment, asking, "if a man born blind can feel the differences between shapes such as spheres and cubes, could he, if given the ability to see, distinguish those objects by sight alone, in reference to the tactile schemata he already possessed?"


male-

Ignoring male-odorous patriarchal rituals and ceremonies, we celebrate New Sparks of Elemental Feminist Genius with our own festivals.

1998, Mary Daly, Quintessence: Realizing the Archaic Future:

(rare, derogatory, feminism) Variant of mal-; used to associate men with negative things


femstruate

en-verb

femstruate (third-person singular simple present femstruates, present participle femstruating, simple past and past participle femstruated)

femstruates (present singular third-person)
femstruating (participle present)
femstruated (participle past)
femstruated (past)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-femstruate.wav

Blend of fem- + menstruate, to avoid the word men.

(rare, nonstandard, feminism) Synonym of menstruate


femopause

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-femopause.wav

Blend of fem- + menopause, to avoid the word men.

(rare, nonstandard, feminism) Synonym of menopause


equiparation

en-noun

equiparation (countable and uncountable, plural equiparations)

Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin aequiparātiō, from aequiparō (“put on a level with, compare”) + -tiō (noun suffix), from aequus (“equal”) + parō (“place”). Equivalent to equiparate + -ion.

af

Lucas de Penna, by his quid pro quo method, thus arrived at an equiparation not only of Prince and bishop as the grooms of realm and diocese, but also of Prince and Christ.

1965, Ernst Kantorowicz, The King’s Two Bodies: A Study in Medieval Political Theology, page 216:

One wonders whether such equiparations are sound. […] Essence and end cannot be identified, and one has to be careful how one connects them.

1998, Cormac Burke, “Married Personalism and the ‘Good of the Spouses’”, in Angelicum, →JSTOR, page 256:

(chiefly historical, law, philosophy) The transfer or imputation of attributes from one object or concept to another; the drawing of an equivalence between them.


choiceworthy

en-adj

choiceworthy (comparative more choiceworthy, superlative most choiceworthy)

more choiceworthy (comparative)
most choiceworthy (superlative)


choiceworthiness

(philosophy) The property or degree of being choiceworthy; desirability.


red wedding

The first sense derives from red as an adjective meaning "associated with or supportive of communism." The second sense derives from The Red Wedding scene in A Storm of Swords by George R. R. Martin.

As the church sought to make these events significant with its ceremonies, so did the Communists with their “Red weddings,” “Red funerals” and “Red christenings.”

1942 October, Albert Rhys Williams, “Religion in the USSR”, in Soviet Russia Today, page 15:

They celebrated “red weddings” at factories, bride and groom standing before a piece of machinery and pledging their loyalty first to the communist state, then to each other.

1994, Woodford McClellan, Russia: The Soviet Period and After, page 77:

Soon "Red weddings" replaced church weddings for dedicated Communists.

1998, Ronald Grigor Suny, The Soviet Experiment: Russia, the USSR, and the Successor States, page 186:

(dated, communism) A wedding ceremony in the Soviet Union in which the couple pledged loyalty to the state or communism in addition to reciting marriage vows.


culte du moi

Borrowed from French culte du moi (“cult of the self”). Introduced by Maurice Barrès (1862-1923) in his trilogy Le Culte du moi (1888-1891).

bor

However, after a while, Barrès seems to have felt that the 'Culte de moi' was scarcely satisfactory as a rule of life, and in 1897, with 'Les deracinés,' began a new series of three novels under the collective title, 'Roman de l'énergie nationale.'

1915, The Library, Oxford University Press, page 119:

The culte du moi is one thing when it is representative, when one rhapsodizes one's self haughtily as a unit of the democratic mass, as Whitman undoubtedly did; and quite another when it is narrowly personal, a kind of glorification of the petty, personal attributes of young John Smith, used by him to conceal from himself the desirability; but that is what young John Smith, who calls himself a Whitmanite, is making of it.

1911 February, Cornelia A. P. Comer, “A Letter to the Rising Generation”, in The Atlantic:

The process of "elevations" must stamp out the "culte de moi" and replace it with the "culte de non-moi".

2018, Peter J. Gorday, Pure Love, Pure Poetry, Pure Prayer, Wipf & Stock Publishers, →ISBN, page 158:

(philosophy) The cult of the ego; ego worship.


longtermist

longtermists (plural)
long-termist (alternative)

Coordinate term: neartermist

Longtermists are in daily conversation with neartermists. It’s a red herring to argue that “abandoning what would most help people on Earth today isn’t exactly ethically sound.”

2022 September 9, Theodore Leinwand, “Neartermism and longtermism aren’t at odds”, in The Washington Post:

Some longtermists, for instance, argue that we need to balance the need to address climate change now with the need to invest in colonizing space; they encourage us to think on a billion-year timescale.

2022 November 17, Annie Lowrey, “Effective Altruism Committed the Sin It Was Supposed to Correct”, in The Atlantic:

It’s an article of faith among longtermists that an event that led to the loss of 99% of humanity would be vastly preferable to one that kills off 100%.

2023 July 22, Andrew Anthony, “The pro-extinctionist philosopher who has sparked a battle over humanity’s future”, in The Observer, →ISSN:

(ethics, philosophy) A believer or follower of longtermism (“an ethical stance which gives priority to improving the long-term future”).


longtermist

Coordinate term: neartermist

Effective altruists talk about both “neartermism” and “longtermism.” Bankman-Fried said he wanted his money to address longtermist threats like the dangers posed by artificial intelligence spiraling out of control.

2022 December 9, Jennifer Szalai, “Effective Altruism Warned of Risks. Did It Also Incentivize Them?”, in The New York Times:

Earlier this year, the AI theorist Eliezer Yudkowsky, who is associated with longtermist thinking, wrote an op-ed for Time magazine in which he argued that the world should not just institute a moratorium on artificial intelligence development but also be prepared to use nuclear arms to shut down large rogue computer farms that flouted the moratorium.

(ethics, philosophy) Of, pertaining to or supporting longtermism (“an ethical stance which gives priority to improving the long-term future”).


werebat

(fantasy, mythology) A shapeshifter who can change between bat and human form.


ultrarealism

(politics, philosophy) Any particular strong form of realism.


toupee fallacy

en-noun

toupee fallacy (plural toupee fallacies)

In reference to the conventional wisdom that all toupees look bad, caused by the fact that good quality toupees are usually not noticed.

Alternative form: toupée fallacy

Not all toupees are bad, but you only spot the bad toupees. That's the toupee fallacy.

(logic) A form of selection bias in which a thing whose quality is measured in terms of being difficult to detect is wrongly judged to be of poor quality in general, caused by the fact that most people only notice poor quality instances of it.


effective altruist

effective altruist (plural effective altruists)

At the very least, effective altruists believe that our existing animal charity is misplaced: The vast majority of it goes to shelters, yet according to the EA organization Animal Charity Evaluators, in 2019, for every one animal euthanized in a shelter in the United States, approximately 6,428 farmed land animals were slaughtered for meat.

2020 September 23, Zachary Pincus-Roth, “The Rise of the Rational Do-Gooders”, in The Washington Post:

It has also become an influential subculture in the Bay Area, where devotees commonly refer to themselves as effective altruists in the same way they might describe themselves as leftists or psychonauts.

Effective altruists talk about both “neartermism” and “longtermism.” […] The movement itself is still a big tent; there are effective altruists who remain dedicated to targeted interventions with proven results, including vaccination campaigns (and, of course, antimalarial bed nets).

Mr. Altman believes that effective altruists have played an important role in the rise of artificial intelligence, alerting the industry to the dangers. He also believes they exaggerate these dangers.

2023 March 31, Cade Metz, “The ChatGPT King Isn’t Worried, but He Knows You Might Be”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

(ethics, philosophy) A proponent of effective altruism ("a philosophy and social movement that advocates the use of evidence and reasoning to determine the most effective ways to benefit others").


Aeacid

(Greek mythology) A descendant of King Aeacus.


Höðr

Hǫðr (alternative)
Hod (alternative)
Hoder (alternative)
Hodur (alternative)
Hodr (alternative)
Hödr (alternative)
Höd (alternative)
Hoth (alternative)
Hödur (alternative)
Hödhr (alternative)
Höder (alternative)
Hothr (alternative)
Hodhr (alternative)
Hodh (alternative)
Hother (alternative)
Höthr (alternative)
Höth (alternative)
Hödh (alternative)

(Norse mythology) The blind son of the Norse gods Odin and Frigg, whom Loki tricked into shooting Baldur with a mistletoe arrow.


starfall

starfall (countable and uncountable, plural starfalls)

It may not be uninteresting to state that a brilliant and persistent rain of meteors, observed on the same November night both here and at Muscat, has been regarded as the certain sign and portent of ills present and to come, by Arabs in high places, who associate the troubles in the interior and along the Arabian coast with this splendid starfall.

1855, Royal Geographical Society, Proceedings and Monthly Record of Geography, London, pages 128–129:

Although there was no display of the November meteors last year [1867] in any part of Europe, yet the calculations of astronomers respecting the hour and character of the starfall accorded very closely with the results actually observed.

1872, The Student, “The November Shooting Stars”, in Richard Anthony Proctor, editor, Essays on Astronomy, page 119:

More than thirty-four thousand stars fell in one hour, and the starfall continued all night.

2005, Druzelle Cederquist, The Story of Baháʼuʼlláh, Promised One of All Religions, page 13:

(meteorology, astrology, rare) A great number of stars descending downward within outer space or the atmosphere; a meteor shower.


quesited

(astrology, divination) The object or goal that is sought in divination.


noumenology

The science of the Positive begins with Noumenology or Ontology proper—a true science of comprehensible substances as they are in their own nature, with the inherent primary characteristics belonging to them.

1876, John Lord Peck, The Ultimate Generalization: An Effort in the Philosophy of Science, page 48:

Even before absolute knowledge, religion is already the moment in which phenomenology is transformed into noumenology, in which absolute spirit reveals itself as such, makes itself manifest to itself in manifesting itself to man.

1974, Jean Hippolyte, translated by John Heckman, Genesis and Structure of Hegel’s Phenomenology of Spirit, →ISBN, pages 541–42:

[…] Husserl’s prose style grew increasingly impenetrable, and the philosophical implications of his new language tended more towards a noumenology than towards an empirically verifiable phenomenology.

1999, Paolo Bozzi, “Experimental Phenomenology: A Historical Profile”, in Liliana Albertazzi, editor, Shapes of Forms: From Gestalt Psychology and Phenomenology to Ontology and Mathematics, →ISBN, page 30:

(philosophy) The study of noumena, that is, things as they are in themselves, beyond their immediate human perception.


Panchaia

(Greek mythology) An island said to be the home of a utopian multiethnic society.


pregiven

en-adj

pregiven (comparative more pregiven, superlative most pregiven)

more pregiven (comparative)
most pregiven (superlative)

From pre- + given. The philosophical sense is a calque of the German term Vorgegeben.

For example, when a red spot on a sheet of paper strongly stimulates me, the whiteness of the paper as well as the red spot are pregiven and both of them undergo the structurization of “figure-ground.”

2012, Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka, Soul and Body in Husserlian Phenomenology: Man and Nature, page 81:

We therefore arrive at the realization that Aristotle conceived of the truth of a-synthetic wholes as pregiven in the same sense; they, as such, are therefore always actual.

2012, Werner Marx, The Meaning of Aristotle’s ‘Ontology’, page 20:

The ontological and epistemological commitments are basically twofold: We assume that the world is pregiven, that its features can be specified prior to any cognitive activity.

2017, Francisco J. Varela, Evan Thompson, Eleanor Rosch, The Embodied Mind, page 135:

(philosophy, ontology) Existing in the world, as opposed to arising from human apprehension.


pregiven

However, mining an analytic vein above that of Kant's work, Husserl distinguishes clearly between the pregiven to human experience and what is given to the human consciousness that gives the pregiven form, making it pass from the "hidden" to the "apparent," to the given.

2000, Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka, Impetus and Equipoise in the Life-Strategies of Reason, page 266:

We live and are conscious against a background of the pregiven.

2006, Kevin Hermberg, Husserl's Phenomenology: Knowledge, Objectivity and Others, page 75:

In a sense, there is a pregiven before any act of the Ego, but in another sense, there can be no pregiven in absolute, no pregiven an sich.

2015, François De Gandt, “Passivity and Interest (Experience and Judgment)”, in Burt Hopkins, John Drummond, editors, The New Yearbook for Phenomenology and Phenomenological Philosophy, volume 13:

(philosophy, ontology) That which is actual, as opposed to our concepts or apprehension of the world.


neartermism

Longtermists are in daily conversation with neartermists. It’s a red herring to argue that “abandoning what would most help people on Earth today isn’t exactly ethically sound.”

2022 September 9, Theodore Leinwand, “Neartermism and longtermism aren’t at odds”, in The Washington Post:

Effective altruists talk about both “neartermism” and “longtermism.” […] This question is like an inflection point between neartermism and longtermism. MacAskill cites the philosopher Derek Parfit, whose ideas about population ethics in his 1984 book “Reasons and Persons” have been influential in E.A.

(ethics, philosophy) An ethical theory which prioritizes improving the conditions of the present and near future, rather than thinking about the distant future (as in longtermism).


neartermist

Coordinate term: longtermist

(ethics, philosophy) A believer or follower of neartermism.


neartermist

Coordinate term: longtermist

But last summer Bankman-Fried was telling The New Yorker’s Gideon Lewis-Kraus something quite different. “He told me that he never had a bed-nets phase, and considered neartermist causes — global health and poverty — to be more emotionally driven,” Lewis-Kraus wrote in August.

(ethics, philosophy) Of, pertaining to or supporting neartermism.


contraponend

(logic) The original proposition involved in a contraposition.


Rainbow Serpent

Australian Aboriginal
Australian Aboriginal

(mythology) An Australian Aboriginal deity, sometimes regarded as a creator god, sometimes associated with water, and often (though not always) described as being a snake.


tarand

(mythology) A legendary reindeer/moose-like creature with chameleon properties.


Pufendorfian

Pufendorfian (comparative more Pufendorfian, superlative most Pufendorfian)

more Pufendorfian (comparative)
most Pufendorfian (superlative)

[…] it would, in the Pufendorfian sense, ensure the maximum happiness for the subjects of both states.

1983, Stephen B. Baxter, England’s Rise to Greatness, 1660–1763, →ISBN, page 240:

By disposing finally of the immanent natural law, Locke completes his preparation of the ground for his introduction of his more Pufendorfian transcendent natural law.

1994, Michael P. Zuckert, Natural Rights and the New Republicanism, →ISBN, page 204:

For those opposed to the Hobbesian or Pufendorfian solutions, some kind of moral foundation for law was needed, one that transcended religious sectarianism but at the same time reflected Christian values, whatever its source.

2010, Stephen Gaukroger, The Collapse of Mechanism and the Rise of Sensibility: Science and the Shaping of Modernity, 1680–1760, →ISBN, page 45:

(philosophy) Of, relating to, or influenced by the 17th-century jurisprudent and philosopher Samuel von Pufendorf.


Pufendorfian

(philosophy) A follower of the theories of Samuel von Pufendorf.


Rawlsianism

(philosophy) The theories of John Rawls; support for these theories.


Saggie

Sagittarius. You don’t have a verbal filter (do you ever wonder why you get in so many fights?) and it’s tough to try and curb your tongue. Living with another Saggie means you’ll never have to, you can both gob off to your heart’s content and no one will cry about it.

2019 April 1, Kerry Ward, “Who your ideal housemates are, based on your star sign”, in Cosmopolitan:

One of the challenges of dating a Saggy is that they can't stand talking about feelings. As candid as they are, a Sagittarius would much rather get into a philosophical debate than tell you why they're upset, and that def seems to be the case for Symoné.

2020 July 2, Corinne Sullivan, “Raven-Symoné's Zodiac Sign Says She's A Spontaneous & Intense Partner”, in Elite Daily:


kamaloka

Transliteration of Pali kāmaloka, from kāma (“desire, passion, lust”) + loka (“world”).

(philosophy) According to the theosophy of Helena Blavatsky: a semi-material plane of existence, subjective and invisible to humans, inhabited by disembodied personalities created from human and animal passions and desires.


metaethic

Now Olafson points out, rightly I think, that the nonnaturalist or objectivist metaethic offers an account of ultimate moral disagreement which is much closer to what is commonly believed or implicitly assumed in ordinary life.

1958 January, Paul W. Taylor, “The Normative Function of Metaethics”, in The Philosophical Review, volume 67, number 1, →JSTOR, page 24:


femstruation

en-noun

femstruation (usually uncountable, plural femstruations)

Blend of fem- + menstruation, to avoid the word men.

(rare, nonstandard, feminism) Synonym of menstruation.


pirism

(Sufism, Bangladesh) The following of a Sufi spiritual leader (or pir)


Hilaria

/hɪˈlɛəɹi.ə/

(mythology) A legendary saint, daughter of the Roman emperor Zeno, who disguised herself as a man to become a monk and later healed her sister of an ailment.


metaphenomenon

(philosophy) Something that can only be perceived through abstract thought rather than by the senses.


empathist

empathists (plural)
Empathist (alternative)

(philosophy, historical) A member of a group of philosophers who proposed a foundation for human aesthetic enjoyment based on empathy.


tomatoness

(philosophy) The quality of being a tomato, or like a tomato.


potatoness

(philosophy) The quality of being a potato, or like a potato.


choiceless awareness

Freedom is found in the choiceless awareness of our daily existence and activity.

2023 February 2 (last accessed), Jiddu Krishnamurti, “The Core of the Teachings”, in jkrishnamurti.org, archived from the original on 2023-01-17:

(philosophy, psychology, spiritualism) The state of unpremeditated, complete awareness of the present without preference, effort, or compulsion; popularized in the mid-20th century by Indian philosopher Jiddu Krishnamurti.

الوعي بلا اختيار

the state of unpremeditated, complete awareness of the present without preference, effort, or compulsion


precompleteness

(logic) The quality of being precomplete.


precomplete

(logic) Having a certain property that is analogous to completeness but weaker.


family resemblance

family resemblance (plural family resemblances)

Family resemblance (anthropology)
family resemblance

What does it mean to be part of the racial majority, and how have different social groups achieved that? Whiteness studies wanted to know. This was a significant shift of the theoretical and empirical gaze, from the subordinate to the dominant, from the minority to the majority, and it shared a family resemblance to the contemporaneous shift in women's studies from studying women to studying men and masculinities.

2006, Matt Wray, Not Quite White, page 4:

(philosophy) One of a series of overlapping similarities between two or more comparanda.


metaright

metarights (plural)
meta-right (alternative)

(philosophy, law) A right regarding the creation, assertion or enforcement of another right.


qutb

Between the two breaths is a star. This star is […] the prophets, the qutbs, the saints of God, the lights of God, […]

2008, M. R. Bawa Muhaiyaddeen, Suratur-rahmah: The Form of Compassion, page 45:

(Sufism) One of the Sufi spiritual leaders of a particular era.


manel

(feminism, informal, derogatory, neologism) A panel of speakers that fails to include any women.


Persephatta

From Ancient Greek Περσεφάττα (Persephátta).

(Greek mythology) Alternative form of Persephone


Persephassa

From Ancient Greek Περσεφάσσα (Persephássa).


Philoctetean

en-adj

Philoctetean (comparative more Philoctetean, superlative most Philoctetean)

more Philoctetean (comparative)
most Philoctetean (superlative)

(Greek mythology) Of or relating to Philoctetes (Ancient Greek: Φιλοκτήτης), a famed archer who participated in the Trojan War.


Arethuse

(Greek mythology) Alternative form of Arethusa


Minyas

(Greek mythology) The founder of Orchomenus, Boeotia, and ancestor of the Minyans.


Medusan

Medusan (comparative more Medusan, superlative most Medusan)

more Medusan (comparative)
most Medusan (superlative)
Medusaean (alternative)
Medusean (alternative)

(Greek mythology) Of or relating to Medusa.


Tsedenbalist

(communism, historical) A supporter of Tsedenbalism.


Tantalian

Tantalian (comparative more Tantalian, superlative most Tantalian)

more Tantalian (comparative)
most Tantalian (superlative)


Tantalean

Tantalean (comparative more Tantalean, superlative most Tantalean)

more Tantalean (comparative)
most Tantalean (superlative)

(mythology) Alternative form of Tantalian


Telephus

From Ancient Greek Τήλεφος (Tḗlephos, literally “far-shining”).

bor

(Greek mythology) The son of Heracles and Auge; he was adopted by Teuthras, the king of Mysia, in Asia Minor, whom he succeeded as king, and was both wounded and later healed by Achilles.


Thamyris

(Greek mythology) A Thracian singer who challenged the Nine Muses to a competition and lost.


Thamyras

(Greek mythology) Alternative form of Thamyris


Tritogeneia

(Greek mythology) An epithet of the goddess Athena, of uncertain meaning, but possibly "Triton-born", "triple-born", or "third-born".


Tritonia

(Greek mythology) An epithet of the goddess Athena.


aliorelativity

From aliorelative + -ity or Latin alius (“other”) + relativity.

[…] Eudemus implies that Speusippus preferred to define objects through arguments from identity and similarity over aliorelativity.

2018, Philip Sidney Horky, “Speusippus and Xenocrates on the Pursuit and Ends of Philosophy”, in Harold Tarrant et al., editors, Brill’s Companion to the Reception of Plato in Antiquity, →ISBN, page 36:

(philosophy, mathematics) The property or principle that nothing is related to itself by a given relation.


aliorelative

(philosophy, mathematics) Only related, or relating an object, to other objects and not to itself.


akshauhini

Borrowed from Sanskrit अक्षौहिणी (akṣauhiṇī).

bor+

(Hinduism, mythology) an army consisting of ten anikinis, or 21,870 elephants, 21,870 chariots, 65,610 horses, and 109,350 foot


occupationalist

Finally, the occupationalist thinks the difference concerns how objects are related to regions of spacetime.

2014, Neil A. Manson, Robert W. Barnard, The Bloomsbury Companion to Metaphysics, page 197:

(philosophy) One who views objects in terms of the time and place they occupy.


Zethus

(Greek mythology) The husband of the nymph Thebe


utility monster

en-noun

utility monster (plural utility monsters)

(philosophy) A hypothetical sentient being that derives much more hedonic pleasure from resources than ordinary beings do; in some critiques of utilitarianism, such a being would demand an extremely hedonistic lifestyle at the expense of everyone else, due to its greater capacity to feel pleasure.


happiness pump

(philosophy) A hypothetical sentient being who suffers pain by making others happy, but continues to do so because the happiness others feel is greater than the pain that the pump being feels.


Hœnir

The Æsir send in exchange Hœnir, an obscure figure in Old Norse mythology, and perhaps understandably so, since the Vanir soon discover that Hœnir, though extremely good-looking, is like a ventriloquist's dummy.

2008, Heather O'Donoghue, From Asgard to Valhalla, Bloomsbury Publishing, unnumbered page:

2014, Dagulf Loptson, Playing With Fire, Lulu, EPUB Edition, unnumbered page,
Unfortunately, little information remains about the Æsir god Hœnir. In Gylfaginning, Snorri tells us that Hœnir was given as a hostage to the Vanir in exchange for Njörðr in a pledge of truce.

Rather curiously, it is Hœnir who is said to have imbued the lifeless wood with óðr ('frenzy', 'passion'), rather than Odin, who derives his own name from the quality.

2022, Andrew Orchard, Dictionary of Norse Myth & Legend, Hachette, unnumbered page:

(Norse mythology) A Norse Æsir god, who, along with Odin and Lodur, created the first humans.


Vidofnir

Borrowed from Old Norse Víðópnir or Víðófnir.

The special magic that lay within Laevatein's powers was such that it was the only weapon that could kill the cock Vidofnir ("Tree Snake").

1989, William O. Cord, The Teutonic Mythology of Richard Wagner's The Ring of the Nibelung, E. Mellen Press, page 175:

2003, William P. Reaves (translator), Viktor Rydberg, Our Fathers' Godsaga: Retold for the Young, [1887, Viktor Rydberg, Fädernas Gudasaga berättad för Ungdomen], iUniverse, page 203,
In the poem Fjölsvinnsmál, which portrays Svipdag's arrival in Asgard, Svipdag asks the guardian by the gate under what condition it would be possible to persuade the subterranean dis Sinmara (the "sinew maimer" Mimir-Nidhad's queen) to surrender the sword she keeps. The guardian replies that Sinmara is gripped by a severe sorrow for which Vidofnir has compassion; she will only be happy again, if a luminous sickle, lying among Vidolfnir′s völnur, is given to her.

18 Vidofnir: in v. 24 it is revealed that Vidofnir is a cockerel roosting in the tree of Mimi.
[…]
24 Sinmara: probably a giantess, cf. 'pale giantess' in v. 29. How Vidofnir oppresses her is not clear.

2014, Carolyne Larrington, editor, The Poetic Edda, Revised edition, Oxford University Press, page 318:

2019, Glenn Searfoss, Cycles of Norse Mythology, Andrews UK (Acorn Books), unnumbered page,
"The unbidden visitor can pass their sleepless watch by offering up two morsels stripped from beneath the wings of the gay cock, Vidofnir. It is a treat they cannot resist; when tossed at their feet it will allow a man to slip by while they eat."

(Norse mythology) A mythological bird (variously, a falcon or a rooster) that inhabits the top of Mímameiðr, a tree identified with Yggdrasil; sometimes positioned on the brow of another cosmic bird.


Archegetes

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-Archegetes.wav

(Greek mythology) Leader or founder; an epithet of the god Apollo.


saucerian

From saucer + -ian, in reference to flying saucers.

The “contactees” or “saucerians” surfaced in 1952 in southern California. They presented themselves as selected by superior beings from other planets for a special assignment—save the world.

2001, David A. Clary, Before and After Roswell, page 63:

(ufology) A person who has communicated with an extraterrestrial being.


always already

From PK's perspective, PK is always already achieved. Since every geistige being always already participates in PK, the most 'complete bias' possible is when a thinker is utterly mistaken about PK: independently of how false a notion of[…]

2017 May 5, Thom Brooks, Sebastian Stein, Hegel's Political Philosophy: On the Normative Significance of Method and System, Oxford University Press, →ISBN:

Hence individuals are 'abstract' with respect to the subjects, which they always-already are. [...] That an individual is always-already a subject, even before he is born, is nevertheless the plain reality, accessible to everyone[…]

2018 November 29, Calvin Thomas, Adventures in Theory: A Compact Anthology, Bloomsbury Publishing USA, →ISBN, page 147:

(philosophy) By definition or inherently; a priori.


Gorgoneion

From Ancient Greek γοργόνειον (gorgóneion), neuter of γοργόνειος (gorgóneios, “pertaining to a gorgon”).
The moon was named after the pendant, because of its association with the Greek goddess Athena (and thus with her Roman equivalent, Minerva).

2000, Extract from [1840, Lewis, Donaldson (translators)], K. O. Müller, Introduction to A Scientific Study of Mythology, Burton Feldman, Robert D. Richardson (editors), The Rise of Modern Mythology, 1680-1860, Indiana University Press, page 419,
On returning home, he turns Polydectes and his people to stone, and then gives the Gorgoneion to his protectress Athena, who fixes it upon her shield.

(Greek mythology) The head of the gorgon Medusa.

(Greek mythology) A pendant, worn by the goddess Athena, which features an image of Medusa's head.


pseudostatement

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-pseudostatement.wav

(logic, philosophy) An unverifiable statement.


illocute

en-verb

illocute (third-person singular simple present illocutes, present participle illocuting, simple past and past participle illocuted)

illocutes (present singular third-person)
illocuting (participle present)
illocuted (participle past)
illocuted (past)

In some such cases, at least, there will be illocutions q such that S can illocute q and thereby (among other things) convey to A that p.

1981, Peter Cole, Radical pragmatics, New York: Academic Press, →OCLC, page 93:

Typically, one can illocute in order to perlocute, but not conversely.

2012, J.F. Rosenberg, Linguistic Representation, Springer Netherlands, →ISBN, page 11:

So, we must not conflate consent with nonrefusal: a failure to illocute refusal does not entail that one has illocuted consent to sex instead.

2019, Mari Mikkola, Pornography: A Philosophical Introduction, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 66:

[…] [S]ome of these refinements also help us make progress on the question whether machines can illocute.

2022 January 27, Mitchell Green, Jan G. Michel, “What Might Machines Mean?”, in Minds and Machines, volume 32, pages 323–338:

(philosophy, pragmatics, intransitive or transitive with the speech act as object) To perform an illocutionary act.


Chrysaor

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Χρυσάωρ (Khrusáōr).

Pegasus alone issues from the neck of the winged and decapitated Medusa,ᵇ or Chrysaor and Pegasus at the same moment.ᶜ

1855, Archaeologia, or Miscellaneous Tracts Relating to Antiquity, Volume 36, Society of Antiquaries of London, page 59:

Medusa embraces a winged horse and a youth who have been identified as her sons, Pegasus and Chrysaor. This interpretation is problematic because it involves a temporal impossibility:⁷⁶ the inversion of time sequence. The myth, which is as early as Hesiod (Theogony, 270–82), states clearly that Pegasus was born after Medusa was decapitated.

2002, Nannó Marinatos, The Goddess and the Warrior, Taylor & Francis (Routledge), page 65:

An innovation comes with Chrysaor, an enigmatic figure who appears in myth in multiple forms: the most famous is the offspring of Medusa and the progenitor of various monsters, including Geryon,³⁴ making Chrysaor hardly a heroic figure.

2010, Lee E. Patterson, Kinship Myth in Ancient Greece, University of Texas Press, page 120:

(Greek mythology) A son of Poseidon and Medusa and brother of the winged horse Pegasus, often depicted as a young man, who sprang along with Pegasus from the blood of the decapitated Medusa.


BIV

Thus, although the BIV is in fact in an otherwise-empty world, it has experiences as of interacting with other people and with things in the environment, just as you do.

2014, Andrew Cullison, editor, The Bloomsbury Companion to Epistemology, Bloomsbury, →ISBN, page 131:

(philosophy) Initialism of brain in a vat.


perlocute

perlocute (third-person singular simple present perlocutes, present participle perlocuting, simple past and past participle perlocuted)

perlocutes (present singular third-person)
perlocuting (participle present)
perlocuted (participle past)
perlocuted (past)

[…] a case in which a question illocuted as a genuine, non-rhetorical question is erroneously perlocuted as a rhetorical question.

1994, Cornelia Ilie, What Else Can I Tell You?, Almqvist & Wiksell International, page 41:

2002, Marco Rühl, Arguing and Communicative Asymmetry, Peter Lang Publishing, →ISBN, page 167:

Whether the interactive effect of perlocuting occurs is under the addressee's responsibility.

(philosophy, pragmatics, intransitive or transitive with the effect as object) To achieve a perlocutionary effect.


Philomel

Above the antique mantel was displayed / As though a window gave upon the sylvan scene / The change of Philomel, by the barbarous king / So rudely forced; […]

1922 October, T[homas] S[tearns] Eliot, “Part II. A Game of Chess.”, in The Waste Land, 1st book edition, New York, N.Y.: Boni and Liveright, published December 1922, →OCLC, page 19:

(Greek mythology) Alternative form of Philomela


Calydonian Boar

(Greek mythology) A giant boar, who was sent by the goddess Artemis to ravage the area of Calydon.


Calydonian Hunt

(Greek mythology) The Calydonian boar hunt: the process of hunting the Calydonian Boar.


royal stars

At the earlier period the Summer solstice was in the centre of Leo, the Autumnal equinox in the centre of Scorpio, and the Winter solstice in the centre of Aquarius - corresponding roughly, Mr. Maunder points out, to the positions of the four "Royal Stars," Aldebaran, Regulus, Antares and Fomalhaut.

1920, Edward Carpenter, Pagan and Christian Creeds, New York: Harcourt, Brace and Co., published 1921, page 41:

(astrology) A set of four first magnitude stars, Aldebaran, Regulus, Antares and Fomalhaut, regarded by ancient Persians as the guardians of the sky.


guivre

The guivre / The legless and wingless guivre would have seemed a mere serpent, albeit an immensely powerful one, except for its massive dragon head, horned and bearded. Guivres liked to live in forests and wells—anywhere near water[…]

(heraldry, mythology) A serpentine creature, variously one with no limbs (like a simple snake, but often depicted swallowing someone), or with wings and only two legs (a wyvern).


sensationist

(philosophy) Alternative form of sensationalist


sensationism

(philosophy) Alternative form of sensationalism


hel-shoes

(Norse mythology) Shoes that were purportedly placed on the dead so that they could walk to Valhalla.


quotlibet

(philosophy) Obsolete form of quodlibet.


Pascal's mugging

Coined by Eliezer Yudkowsky, based on Pascal's wager.

(philosophy) A thought experiment demonstrating a problem in expected utility maximization. A rational agent should choose actions whose outcomes, when weighed by their probability, have higher utility; but some very unlikely outcomes may have very great utilities, and these utilities can grow faster than the probability diminishes. Hence the agent should focus more on vastly improbable cases with implausibly high rewards; this leads first to counterintuitive choices, and then to incoherence as the utility of every choice becomes unbounded.


reknow

reknow (third-person singular simple present reknows, present participle reknowing, simple past reknew, past participle reknown)

reknows (present singular third-person)
reknowing (participle present)
reknew (past)
reknown (participle past)

The teacher’s special function is to lead the pupil to reknow these elements, and by thought to attain the desired knowledge.

1885 November, E. E. White, “The Philosophy of Teaching”, in The Illinois School Journal, volume 5, number 7, page 160:

In recognizing one another in our aesthetic constructs, in coming to reknow one another, we come to reknow ourselves as well.

1988, Nancy R. Harrison, Jean Rhys and the Novel as Women’s Text, →ISBN, page 45:

It is a story of human beings constantly reknowing themselves as the reciprocal of the self-reknowing of others.

1993, Philip Allott, “Self-Determination - Absolute Right or Social Poetry?”, in Christian Tomuschat, editor, Modern Law of Self-Determination, →ISBN, page 179:

And only then, when he has recovered his true self, does he uncover, or reknow, the true distinctions, identifying erōs as a divine gift, and distinguishing between “good” and “bad” madness—a distinction that is essential if human beings are to have a true understanding of themselves and what they experience in love.

1998, Catherine Pickstock, After Writing: On the Liturgical Consummation of Philosophy, →ISBN, page 17:

(chiefly philosophy) To know again; to relearn or understand anew.


ruling planet

(astrology) The planet (a term which in astrology includes the Sun and Moon) which is considered to have especially strong influence over a given zodiac sign; the sign is called the planet's domicile.


Necessitas

Learned borrowing from Latin necessitās. Doublet of necessity.

(Roman mythology, Orphic theology) The personification of absolute necessity; Ananke.


male pattern violence

Apparently modelled on male pattern baldness.

As civilization collapses, we will see an increase in male-pattern violence. We will see an increase in violence against those who resist. We will see an increase in violence against people of color.

2011, Derrick Jensen, Aric McBay, Lierre Keith, Deep Green Resistance: Strategy to Save the Planet:

As feminists have known for years: the issue is male-pattern violence, and sexual assault is only one facet of this violence which keeps women in a subservient class to men.

2019, Martin Gitlin, Sexual Consent, page 86:

(feminism) Violent behavior thought to be characteristic of men.


blank-slatism

(philosophy, epistemology) The Lockean belief that the human mind is a blank slate or tabula rasa at birth, and is subsequently formed by sensory experiences.


latrability

From Latin lātrābilis (“barking, able to bark, characterized by barking”) + English -ity (“forming abstract nouns”). Equivalent to latrate + -ability.

der

But now in the ſecond place, Hylobares, let us ſuppoſe that all the Planets or Earths be inhabited with rational Creatures, yet theſe rational Creatures may be as ſpecifically diſtinct as the Earths or Planets the inhabit, but agree all in Rationality; as the ſundry ſpecies of Dogs here on Earth agree in Latrability.

1668, Franciscus Euistor the Palæopolite [pseudonym; Henry More], “The Third Dialogue”, in Divine Dialogues, Containing Sundry Disquisitions & Instructions Concerning the Attributes of God and His Providence in the World. […], 2nd edition, London: […] Joseph Downing […], published 1713, →OCLC, paragraph XXXIV, page 272:

I do not thereby deny either the Being of Witches, nor other properties that they may have, for which thev may be ſo called: no more than if I deny that a Dog hath rugibility (which is only proper to a Lion) doth it follow that I deny the being of a Dog, or that he hath latrability?

1677, John Webster, chapter I, in The Displaying of Supposed Witchcraft. […] , London: Printed by J[onas] M[oore] […] , →OCLC, pages 10–11:

[…] and therefore if ſome be born Dum, Deaf, or Blind, they are not to be accounted perfect Men. In like manner Latrability in a Dog, Boability in a Cow, or an Ox, Hinnibility in a Horſe, &c. are all Second Properties immediately following internal Senſation, or rather Senſibility in Beaſts, […]

1702, Gideon Harvey, The vanities of philosophy and physick: […] , 3rd edition, London: Printed for A. Roper […] , →OCLC, page 94:

(rare, obsolete, philosophy) The ability or tendency to bark.


tsuchigumo

(Japanese mythology) A member of a race of spider-like yokai.


Cybelean

(mythology) Of or relating to the goddess Cybele in Greek and Anatolian mythology.


junzi

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 君子 (jūnzǐ).

(Chinese philosophy) A morally ideal person.


cyberethical

en-adj

cyberethical (comparative more cyberethical, superlative most cyberethical)

more cyberethical (comparative)
most cyberethical (superlative)

(philosophy, not comparable) Of or relating to the study of cyberethics.


Jotunheim

(Norse mythology) A realm in Nordic mythology inhabited by the jötnar.


Despoina

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-Despoina.wav

(Greek mythology) the daughter of Demeter and Poseidon


Meinong's jungle

(philosophy) The repository of nonexistent objects (thought to have some form of existence because they can be referred to), in the ontology of Alexius Meinong.


Peirce arrow

Coordinate term: Sheffer stroke

(logic) The downward arrow symbol ↓ denoting the NOR operation.


duomining

From duo- + mining. Coined by American philosopher Graham Harman.

coinage

OOO's way of addressing the issue is with the impossibility of exhausting any object through undermining, overmining, or their simultaneous employment in duomining.

2020, Graham Harman, Skirmishes: With Friends, Enemies, and Neutrals, page 212:

We can even go further: when we consider an object in everyday life we do not usually just undermine or overmine it as if it demanded an either/or approach, but rather we run the two processes in tandem: duomining, as Harman labels it.

2022, Nicholas Gayle, Conrad and the Being of the World, page 25:

(philosophy) The combination of undermining and overmining, in object-oriented ontology.


arrow paradox

(philosophy) One of Zeno's paradoxes, dealing with the apparent impossibility of an arrow flying through space: if everything when it occupies an equal space is at rest at that instant of time, and if that which is in locomotion is always occupying such a space at any moment, the flying arrow is therefore motionless at that instant of time and at the next instant of time, but if both instants of time are taken as the same instant or continuous instant of time then it is in motion.


inference to the best explanation

en-noun

inference to the best explanation (uncountable)

desc

→ Finnish: päättely parhaaseen selitykseen (calque)

abductive reasoning
abductive reasoning#English

(logic, fixed phrase) Synonym of abductive reasoning


self-identity

It also entailed well-documented disadvantages: a population increase in an unsustaining economy, a battered self-identity, a plague of substance abuse.

2009 July 24, Holland Cotter, “Postcards From Canada’s ‘New North’”, in The New York Times:

(philosophy) The quality of being the same thing as itself.


thumotic

(philosophy) Alternative form of thymotic


conativism

And — the crucial point for present purposes — they enable Hume to drive home the conclusion that moral cognitivism's first, or psychological, claim must be rejected, and moral conativism endorsed, if one is to understand the tie between morality and action.

1996, John Bricke, Mind and Morality: An Examination of Hume's Moral Psychology, page 81:

We have spent the last couple of chapters working out the core features of conativism: the nature of desiring and promotion, the issue of idealization, the nature of practical reasons, and an account of the weight of favorings.

2018, Stefan Fischer, The Origin of Oughtness: A Case for Metaethical Conativism, page 248:

The argument against desire which was presented in the preceding section only addresses strong conativism.

(philosophy) The belief that the basis of all action lies in desire.


metaproposition

What cognitive process—corresponding to intuition—enables a system to not only accept a proposition as true but to accept a metaproposition about “its” knowledge that the proposition is true?

1976, Manfred Kochen, “Cognitive Science”, in Jack Belzer, Albert G. Holzman, Allen Kent, editors, Encyclopedia of Computer Science and Technology, volume 5, →ISBN, page 117:

It cannot even be determined whether the former or the latter is the case, that is to say, whether one has arrived at a developmental-psychological proposition about individuals or a metaproposition about one’s own terminology.

1989, Peter Janich, “Determination by Reality or Construction of Reality?”, in Robert E. Butts, J. R. Brown, editors, Constructivism and Science: Essays in Recent German Philosophy, →ISBN, page 262:

Since this is to assert both p and not-p (now about metapropositions concerning the truth of first-order moral propositions), presuppositional relativism appears to be as vulnerable as semantic relativism to charges of incoherence.

1999, Heidi M. Hurd, Moral Combat: The Dilemma of Legal Perspectivalism, →ISBN, page 47:

(philosophy) A proposition about propositions.