barbegazi

en-noun

barbegazi (plural barbegazi or barbegazis)

Both male and female barbegazi wear white fur garments which help them blend into the snowy scenery.

1996, D. J. Conway, Magickal, Mythical, Mystical Beasts, Llewellyn Publications, →ISBN, page 199:

Some humans living in the region say that the Barbegazi are very helpful, but the credit is more often than not given to the St. Bernard dogs.

2001, D. J. Conway, Magickal Mystical Creatures: Invite Their Powers into Your Life, Llewellyn Publications, published 2018, →ISBN:

Barbegazi are such expert rescuers, you see.

2013, Raynetta J. Stocks, The Isle of Kishi Mora (The Lova Chronicles), book 2, RJS Books, →ISBN, page 122:

A halfling has been hiding in the snow outside the barbegazi village.

2016, Kim McDougall, Hibernaculum, Kim McDougall, →ISBN:

You couldn't keep a barbegazi inside a house. […] Similar to polar bears, barbegazi are covered in an insulating underfur, topped by long guard hairs.

2019, H. S. Norup, The Missing Barbegazi, North Star Editions, →ISBN:

Frozenfalls are specifically for the Queen herself; there are, however, some small ice creatures such as qiqirns, barbegazis, ice-cream cats, snow aliens, ice wraiths and there is also one ice dragon; but no other guardian or creatures are allowed on this island.

2022, Bianca Steyn, Reborn, Dorrance Publishing Co, →ISBN, page vi:

(mythology) A kind of gnomelike or dwarflike mythical creature.


phenomenal consciousness

phenomenal consciousness (usually uncountable, plural phenomenal consciousnesses)

Phenomenal consciousness is the feeling of what it’s like to be you.

2021 May 28, Harry Haroutioun Haladjian, “What Is Phenomenal Consciousness?”, in Psychology Today:

(philosophy of mind) Subjective feeling associated with consciousness, which can for example involve pleasure, pain or colors.


grey folk

One of the most important of all Yuletide observances was the 'saining' required to guard life or properties from the Trows. If the proper observances were omitted, the 'grey-folk' were sure to take advantage of the opportunity.

1888, Biot Edmonndston, Jessie Saxby, The Home of a Naturalist, page 136:

(Scotland, mythology) elves, the fae, the wee folk.


origo gentis

Derived from Medieval Latin origo gentis (“origin, beginning of a people”).

(mythology, historical) The origin story of a tribe or people.


empty signifier

empty signifier (plural empty signifiers)

First attested in the 1970s, apparently originally a calque of French signifiant vide as used by Jacques Derrida among others (though not by Lacan as sometimes supposed; compare the Lacanian term master signifier). Subsequently popularised in the work of Ernesto Laclau in the 1990s.

In many ways, the goal of “Clear” seems to have functioned as a kind of empty signifier, an amorphous but supremely attractive goal that could represent almost anything to anyone: higher IQ for some, better personal relationships for others, career success for some, domestic bliss for others.

2011, Hugh B. Urban, The Church of Scientology: A History of a New Religion, →ISBN, page 48:

(sociology, philosophy) A signifier—that is, a linguistic sign, a label or slogan—with no fixed and delimited meaning, which can therefore be interpreted in many ways and represent a range of different beliefs and aspirations.

Ernesto Laclau
Jacques Derrida
Jacques Lacan


master signifier

master signifier (plural master signifiers)

master signifiers (plural)
Master-Signifier (alternative)
master-signifier (alternative)

Calque of French signifiant-maître as used by French psychoanalyst Jacques Lacan.

The same reversal that gives rise to a new Master-Signifier is at work in ideology: in anti-Semitism, all fears (of economic crisis, of moral degradation …) are exchanged for fear of the Jew […] And is not the same logic also discernible in a horror film like Spielberg’s Jaws? I fear the shark, my friend, and have no other fears. …

2006, Slavoj Žižek, The Parallax View, →ISBN, page 37:

It is the broader umbrella concept of cultural re-birth that acts as a master signifier suturing the vast spectrum of Islamism, from its peaceful articulations to its more violent manifestations.

2021, Tahir Abbas, Countering Violent Extremism: The International Deradicalization Agenda, →ISBN:

(sociology, philosophy) A signifier, i.e. a linguistic sign, with no determinate content beyond itself, serving as a nodal point dominating and grounding the content of a chain of other signifiers.


floating signifier

floating signifier (plural floating signifiers)

Calque of French signifiant flottant as used by French anthropologist Claude Lévi-Strauss.

However, the elite as a target for populist resentments remains quite fuzzy and rather serves as a floating signifier oscillating between the ‘political establishment’, the ‘economic elite’, the ‘cultural elite’ and the ‘media elite’: in short, one homogenous corrupt group that works against the ‘general will’.

2020, Ina Kudde, Miranda Loli, “Corruption and populism: the linkage”, in Alina Mungiu-Pippidi, Paul M. Heywood, editors, A Research Agenda for Studies of Corruption, →ISBN, page 122:

(sociology, philosophy) A signifier—that is, a linguistic sign, a label or slogan—with a vague and variable meaning.


Other

Semantic loan from French Autre, principally after French psychoanalyst Jacques Lacan (also as grand Autre) and philosopher Emmanuel Levinas.

In its most fundamental dimension, sacrifice is a “gift of reconciliation” to the Other, destined to appease its desire. Sacrifice conceals the abyss of the Other’s desire, more precisely: it conceals the Other’s lack, inconsistency, “inexistence,” that transpires in this desire. Sacrifice is a guarantee that “the Other exists” […]

1992, Slavoj Žižek, Enjoy Your Symptom! Jacques Lacan in Hollywood and Out, →ISBN, page 56:

The transformations of writing bear an ethical as well as an aesthetic or literary significance; writing implies orientation towards the Other in the midst of which a renewal of the self becomes possible.

2006, Lisa Guenther, The Gift of the Other: Levinas and the Politics of Reproduction, →ISBN, page 123:

Critiquing the Western philosophical tradition of privileging the autonomy of the ‘I’, in which he uses Heidegger as exemplar, Levinas provocatively argues that the ‘I’ ultimately exists to be responsible for the Other – a responsibility based not on reciprocity (whether the Other behaves in accordance to expectations of the ‘I’) but on an asymmetrical and infinite kind of responsibility.

2015, Jonathan Corpus Ong, The Poverty of Television: The Mediation of Suffering in Class-Divided Philippines, →ISBN, page 17:

(philosophy, psychoanalysis) Radical alterity or otherness conceived or reified as a separate entity; “other people” altogether in their difference from oneself.


gallows god

It is from this tree that Odin hanged himself in sacrifice, making the world-tree a gallows and himself the gallows god.

2017, Neil Gaiman, Norse Mythology, Bloomsbury Publishing, page 20:

(Norse mythology) A byname for the God Odin, so called for being hanged on the world tree Yggdrasil.


wolf-child

Odin watched the wolf-child grow with foreboding, for in his dreams the wolf had been there at the end of everything[.]

2017, Neil Gaiman, Norse Mythology, Bloomsbury Publishing, page 78:

(mythology, fantasy) A being that is part wolf, part child.


frost giant

Calque of Old Norse hrímþurs, from hrím (“rime, frost”) + þurs (“giant, troll”).

There were frost giants and mountain giants at Balder's funeral[.]

2017, Neil Gaiman, Norse Mythology, Bloomsbury Publishing, page 221:

(Norse mythology) A type of large, strong, and fearsome supernatural beings that live in cold and icy regions.


enlightened self-interest

Coordinate term: public interest (overlapping; not antonymous)

(ethics) The concept that a person who acts to help others will ultimately serve his/her own self-interest.


square of opposition

square of opposition (plural squares of opposition)

categorical proposition
categorical proposition

(logic) A diagram representing the relations between the four basic categorical propositions, which are positioned at the four corners of a square.


illuminationism

illuminationisms (plural)
Illuminationism (alternative)

(philosophy) An Islamic philosophical and mystical school of thought introduced by Iranian philosopher Shihab al-Din Yahya ibn Habash Suhrawardi in the 12th century.


illuminationist

(philosophy) Of or relating to illuminationism.


illuminationist

illuminationists (plural)
Illuminationist (alternative)

(philosophy) A follower of illuminationism.


obligability

(philosophy) The quality of being obligable.


skyfish

(ufology) Synonym of rod (“rod-shaped optical phenomenon”)


intellectual honesty

(philosophy) An applied method of problem-solving characterized by an unbiased, honest attitude.


zombie thought experiment

(philosophy) A philosophical theory which states that consciousness cannot be reduced to merely physical things.


zombie hypothesis

zombie hypothesis (plural zombie hypotheses)

(philosophy) A philosophical hypothesis which suggests that a person has no ability to know whether another person is conscious.


new materialism

(philosophy, critical theory) An interdisciplinary approach to theory and research that aims to recognize and explore the power of matter.


Free Soviets

(history, anarchism, communism) An anarchist territory in southern Ukraine during the Russian Civil War


consentability

(ethics) Ability to consent, particularly considering acceptability to society, age, and whether truly informed.


Marpesia

From Ancient Greek Μαρπησία (Marpēsía, literally “snatcher”).

bor

(Greek mythology) The queen of the Amazons, who ruled with her sister Lampedo, and helped to establish the Greek city of Ephesus.


block universe

(philosophy) An unchanging four-dimensional universe (rather than a three-dimensional one that changes over time), as postulated in eternalism.


transcendental materialism

(philosophy) The doctrine based on the theory that materiality manufactures out of itself that which comes to detach from and achieve independence in relation to it.


speculative materialism

(philosophy) A form of new materialism that eliminates constructivism and creates a new materialist view of a world whose material objects are no longer considered as passive, but an aggregation or assembly of pluralities.


maenadism

(Greek mythology) The frenzied state of a female follower of Dionysus.


all-operator

universal quantifier
universal quantifier#English


binding problem

en-noun

binding problem (plural binding problems)

Coordinate term: combination problem

(philosophy) The problem of how the brain's circuits encode the combination of decisions, actions, and perception.


Homlin

(mythology, Russia) In the city of Kaliningrad, a mythological creature, who, according to legend, lives next to people, and at night produces amber products; according to legend, they bring happiness and goodness.


anabibazon

From Ancient Greek ἀναβιβάζων (anabibázōn).

(astrology, obsolete) The ascending lunar node, where the Moon moves into the northern ecliptic hemisphere.


adequationism

Given the explication of "ideal coherence" at issue in the principles (P1) and (P2) […] it emerges that adequationism and coherentism are effectively co-ordinated.

2012, N. Rescher, Forbidden Knowledge, page 25:

Adequationism only makes sense in the assumption that matter has a prior isomorphic structure preceding the supposed structure that the forms must also have themselves.

2013, Gustavo Bueno, Sciences as Categorical Closures, page 41:

The antecedent of this argument is Gorgias' treatment of language in his On non-being, but inverted and used as an instrument to restore adequationism.

2022, Enrico Volpe, Le vie dell'essere: Studi sulla ricezione antica di Parmenide, page 146:

(philosophy) The definition of truth such that a theory is true if there is a relationship of adequation or equivalence between the facts or state of the world and the details and implications of the theory.


woman-identified-woman

Their father hasn't contributed except periodically to their support. He has the option of living his life style as he wishes, but I have to hide and deny my life style as a woman-identified-woman or risk losing my children.

1980 April 12, M. Amish, “The Right to Be a Parent”, in Gay Community News, page 12:

(feminism) A lesbian, whether political or native-born.


Duhem-Quine problem

Named after French physicist Pierre Duhem and American logician Willard Van Orman Quine, who wrote about similar concepts.

(philosophy) The problem that it is impossible to experimentally test a scientific hypothesis in isolation, because every empirical test requires one or more background assumptions.


Quine-Putnam indispensability argument

en-prop

the Quine-Putnam indispensability argument

Named after the philosophers Willard Quine and Hilary Putnam.

(philosophy, mathematics) An argument for the existence of abstract mathematical objects such as numbers and sets, based on the fact that they are indispensable to the best scientific theories.


disvaluable

en-adj

disvaluable (comparative more disvaluable, superlative most disvaluable)

more disvaluable (comparative)
most disvaluable (superlative)

The things that we do that bring about things of intrinsic value, or that avert things that are intrinsically disvaluable, are instrumentally valuable.

2011, Victor Tadros, The Ends of Harm: The Moral Foundations of Criminal Law, page 24:

(chiefly philosophy) Having a negative value; not valuable.


FAPP

Popularized by physicist John Stewart Bell.

Is it not good to know what follows from what, even if it is not necessary FAPP? Suppose for example that quantum mechanics were found to resist precise formulation. Suppose that when formulation beyond FAPP is attempted, we find an unmovable finger obstinately pointing outside the subject, to the mind of the observer, to the Hindu scriptures, to God, or even only Gravitation? Would that not be very, very interesting?"

1988, John Stewart Bell, Speakable and Unspeakable in Quantum Mechanics, Cambridge University Press:

Going beyond FAPP to interpret quantum theory is today a growth industry, and a contentious field, though a very small fraction of physicists are involved.

2011, Bruce Rosenblum, Fred Kuttner, Quantum Enigma, page 206:

Newtonian physics works fine, FAPP, at the macroscopic level, say Rosenblum & Kuttner[…]

2019, David Yeats, A Universe Full of Magical Things, page 45:

for all practical purposes
for all practical purposes#English

(philosophy, physics) Abbreviation of for all practical purposes.


Lévy hierarchy

Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory
Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory

(set theory, logic) A hierarchy of formulas in the formal language of the Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory. Its first level contains only formulas with no unbounded quantifiers and is denoted by Δ₀=Σ₀=Π₀. Subsequent levels are given by finding a formula in prenex normal form which is provably equivalent over ZFC, and counting the number of changes of quantifiers.


Thaumas

(Greek mythology) A sea god, son of Pontus and Gaia


Kleene plus

After Stephen Cole Kleene (1909-1994), American mathematician.

Coordinate term: Kleene star

(logic, computing theory) The plus symbol, +, used as an operator to concatenate one or more strings from a given set, widely used in regular expressions.


brazen age

These last bear some resemblance to the golden, silver, brazen, and iron ages of the Greeks.

1841, Elphinstone, Hist. India, volume I, page 257:

(mythology) The third of the four mythological ages of mankind, said to come between the silver and the iron age.

ద్వాపరము

myth: third age of man, after the silver age and before the iron age


extentless

extentless (comparative more extentless, superlative most extentless)

more extentless (comparative)
most extentless (superlative)


irreferable

(philosophy) That cannot be referred or related to something else.


quasi-realism

From quasi- + realism. From an attempt to reconcile the merits of the noncognitivist (or antirealist) view with the everyday perception of ethical statements having truth values.

(philosophy) The noncognitivist metaethical view that although ethical sentences do not express propositions (and thus cannot be true or false), they nevertheless project emotional attitudes as though this could be the case.


presentationism

If presentationism is wrong, is not "science falsely so called" — can it be knowledge, can it give truth? Mr. Stirling does not afford us any clue, in this work, as to how he would reconcile the assumption of presentationism by science so fertile in results with the denial through philososophy ^([sic]) of the possibility of anything else than phenomenal experience.

1866, The British Controversialist and Literary Magazine, page 60:

Presentationism, the seizing upon feeling and by a sort of abstraction converting it into a self-subsisting phenomenon divorced from the movement of reflection which gives it its meaning.

1904, Richard Burdon Haldane Haldane (Viscount), The Criticism of Categories (page 48)

(philosophy) The doctrine that the mind is capable of grasping the substance and reality of objects, beyond the sensory stimuli they present.


coincidence theory

(philosophy, humorous) The theory positing that any unique or peculiar observation or occurrence is merely a coincidence.


Fifth World

the Fifth World (canonical)
5th World (alternative)

After the Fourth World.
The second sense was coined before 13 July 2002 by micropatriologist Cesidio Tallini.

The Fourth World was not satisfactory so First Man led the Beings again upward to the Fifth and present world where again were found pre-existent Beings. From these, by magic, the Fifth World was won.

1956, Robert W. Young, The Navajo Yearbook of Planning in Action, number 5, United States Department of the Interior, Bureau of Indian Affairs, page 189:

A world in a number of American mythologies:

(Navajo mythology) The present world, which the Navajo travelled through four worlds to reach.


Island of the Blest

en-proper noun

Island of the Blest (plural Islands of the Blest)

The Feeries of romance may be divided into three kinds: Avalon, placed in the ocean, like the Island of the Blest; those that, like the palace of Pari Banou, are within the earth; and, lastly, those that, like Oberon's domains, are situate 'in wilderness among the holtis hairy.'

1850, Thomas Keightley, The Fairy Mythology, London: H.G. Bohn, page 45:

(mythology) A paradisial island or archipelago, located to the far West, the abode of good people after death.


Dark Alfs

But the Döckalfar (Dark Alfs) dwell below under the ground, and are unlike them in appearance, and still more unlike in actions.

1828, Thomas Keightley, The Fairy Mythology, volume I, London: William Harrison Ainsworth, page 109:


Light Alfs

The former were, according to the ideas of those times, of a good and elevated nature, and of a friendly disposition towards men, whence they also received the name of White or Light Alfs or Spirits.

1828, Thomas Keightley, The Fairy Mythology, volume I, London: William Harrison Ainsworth, page 106:

In his Edda Snorri tells us that the Light Alfs are bright and shining, very fair to look upon, which fits well with the first reading of the word's etymology.

2023, Kveldulf Gundarsson, Elves, Wights & Trolls, The Three Little Sisters, page 83:


Alfar

The Alfar still live in the memory and traditions of the peasantry of Scandinavia.

1828, Thomas Keightley, The Fairy Mythology, volume I, London: William Harrison Ainsworth, page 135:

"Ill is it with the Æsir, ill is it with the Alfar."

1964, J. A. Macculloch, The Mythology of All Races, New York: Cooper Square Publishers, page 220:


Sleipnir

Borrowed from Old Norse Sleipnir (“the slipper, the slippy one”).

bor+

And Ranald swore first by the white Christ, and then by the head of Sleipnir, Odin’s horse[.]

1866, Charles Kingsley, chapter 33, in Hereward the Wake, London: Nelson, page 443:

(Norse mythology) The eight-legged horse of Odin.


Teumessian fox

[…]there is a place called Teumessus, where they say Europa was concealed by Jupiter. It is likewise said of the Teumessian fox, that it was nourished by Bacchus for the purpose of destroying the Thebans; aod that when it was on the point of being taken by that dog which Diana gave to Procris the daughter of Erechtheus, both the dog and the fox were changed into stones.

1824, Pausanias, The Description of Greece, →OCLC:

When Amphitryon came to Thebes he found that another curse had descended on that unlucky city. For the Teumessian Fox, which was as large and savage as a wolf, had been sent by Dionysus to plague the land, catching children and carrying them away to its lair, as a punishment for the things he had suffered in Thebes.

1961, Green, Roger Lancelyn, Heroes of Greece and Troy, retold from the ancient authors, →OCLC:

One Greek myth has it that Laelaps and the Teumessian Fox were cast into space where they formed the two constellations, Canis Major and Minor.

2015, Hankins, Justine, author, Dogopedia : a compendium of canine curiosities:

(Greek mythology) A giant fox destined to never be caught.


ur-myth

(anthropology, mythology) A myth believed to be a precursor or prototype to all existing myths.


wee folk

(mythology) Small magical humanoid creatures such as fairies.


zombie world

(philosophy) A world whose physical processes are closed under causation, and duplicates those processes in the real world, but where conscious experiences do not occur.


noogenesis

Equivalent to noos + -genesis; first use appeared c. 1947.

(philosophy) The fourth stage of evolution, dominated by the mind, consciousness, and interpersonal relationships.


paralogics

[…] obtained by adding the standard modal operators □ (necessity) and ◇ (possibility) to paralogics.

The great majority of mathematicians and philosophers regard the principle of contradiction as the over-arching principle of logic, and are therefore inclined to regard paralogics (in the improbable case they have heard of them) not just as deviations from orthodoxy but as aberrations.

2012, M. Bunge, Epistemology & Methodology III, page 58:

(logic) The study of paralogic rhetoric; the study of understanding language by successive approximation.


descriptionism

(philosophy) The definition of truth as a description of observed reality.


Brunhilda

(mythology) Alternative form of Brunhild


wheel of time

en-noun

wheel of time (countable and uncountable, plural wheels of time)

(religion, philosophy) A concept found in certain religious traditions and philosophies, regarding time as cyclical and consisting of repeating ages.


missing time

The report of abduction, the memory loss, the missing time, and the shape of the UFO are all familiar to UFO investigators, for this is not an isolated episode.

1978, Brad Steiger, Alien Meetings, page 168:

We have already seen how the victims of UFO abductions seem to have 'missing time' - sometimes they have no memories of several hours of their lives.

1984, John Rimmer, The Evidence for Alien Abductions, page 45:

There were two to three hours of missing time in their return trip for which neither of them could account.

1991, David Allen Lewis, UFO: End-Time Delusion:

Hopkins describes "missing time" as a time lapse of approximately two hours, after which the abductee can consciously remember little or nothing of the experience.

1996, Angela Hague, David Lavery, Marla Cartwright (editors), Deny All Knowledge, Reading the X-Files, page 8:

While Johnson doesn't display many of the indications of alien abduction, he does have a period of missing time which can be absolutely verified, unlike most abductees' cases.

1999, Chris A. Rutkowski, Abductions and Aliens - What's Really Going On, page 153:

According to Zerbe, while he and his team were out at the crash site, they experienced a period of what in alien abduction terminology has become known as missing time.

2018, Nick Redfern, Top Secret Alien Abduction Files, What the Government Doesn't Want You to Know, page 127:

(psychology, parapsychology, ufology) A time period of amnesia or a gap in conscious memory reported by individuals who have experienced alien abduction.


Nereus

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Νηρεύς (Nēreús).

bor+

(Greek mythology) The eldest son of Pontus (the sea) and Gaia (the earth).


alter-egotism

From alter ego + -t- + -ism. See egotism for more on the unexpected -t-.

(philosophy, psychology) The identification of other beings or individuals with oneself.


Nicander

Borrowed from Latin Nicander, itself a borrowing from Ancient Greek Νίκανδρος (Níkandros). Cognate with French Nicandre.

(Greek mythology) According to Herodotus, one of the three Peleiades.


Chalamba

(Meitei mythology) A Khuman royal scion who brought goddess Imoinu from the Khuman kingdom to the Meitei kingdom.


pseudosyllogism

(logic) A false syllogism, one that is not logically coherent.


free-willist

(philosophy) One who believes in free will.


labour aristocracy

en-noun

labour aristocracy (countable and uncountable, plural labour aristocracies)

labour aristocracies (plural)
labor aristocracy (alternative)
aristocracy of labour (alternative)
aristocracy of labor (alternative)

Compound of labour + aristocracy.
The theory about relatively privileged proletarians, thus more manipulable into collaborating with the bourgeoisie, was formulated by Friedrich Engels in a letter to Karl Marx [7 October 1858].
A precursor to the wording appears in Marx's Das Kapital, Volume I [1867].

Важно то, что экономически откол слоя рабочей аристократии к буржуазии назрел и завершился, а политическую форму себе, ту или иную, этот экономический факт, эта передвижка в отношениях между классами найдет без особого «труда».

1973 [1916], Vladimir Lenin, Империализм и раскол социализма (В. И. Ленин – Полное собрание сочинений; 30), page 170; English translation from Imperialism and the Split in Socialism (V. I. Lenin – Collected Works; 23), translation of original in Russian, 1974, page 117:

Važno to, što ekonomičeski otkol sloja rabočej aristokratii k buržuazii nazrel i zaveršilsja, a političeskuju formu sebe, tu ili inuju, etot ekonomičeskij fakt, eta peredvižka v otnošenijax meždu klassami najdet bez osobovo «truda».

He [Bakunin] found that there is a labour aristocracy of more developed, literate individuals, as well as an unconscious mass of workers.

1957 September, George Molnar, “Anarchism”, in Libertarian, number 1:

So they had indigenous folks who were members of the IWW, they had folks of African descent, they had folks who spoke Spanish, the Italians were coming, everybody was making their way to the IWW. But a lot of people don’t know that this movement waged a fierce battle against what can be called the labour aristocracy up to the government and the corporations at the time, who were brutally ruthless in their repression.

2009 June 27, Jose Antonio Gutiérrez Danton, quoting Ashanti Omowali Alston, “Building a Non-Eurocentric Anarchism in Our Communities: Dialogue with Ashanti Alston”, in anarkismo.net:

(socialism) Segment of the working class that enjoys a relatively privileged position compared to the rest of the working class as a result of higher salaries, better working conditions, etc., and which can lead them to have different interests and perspectives even though they continue to be exploited by capitalists.

Das Kapital
Das Kapital, Volume I
Friedrich Engels
Karl Marx
New Left Review
Penguin Books
labour aristocracy


Aristotle's dictum

(logic) The principle that whatever is affirmed or denied of a whole kind may be affirmed or denied (respectively) of any subkind of that kind.


T'ien

From Mandarin 天 (Tiān), Wade–Giles romanization: Tʻien¹.

Confucius had a lively faith in T’ien and that faith was the ultimate source of his greatness. For one thing, that faith convinced him that one’s happiness depends upon the approval of T’ien rather than the praises of men, upon one’s interior qualities rather than external things. Once he said, “I do not murmur against T’ien, nor grumble against men. My studies lie low, but my penetration rises high. T’ien alone knows me.”²⁰

1965, John C.H. Wu, “Confucius: The Man and His Ideas”, in Chinese Humanism and Christian Spirituality, Angelico Press, published 2017, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 7:

As we have seen, the Taipings thought of God as having emotions. He loves his sons and becomes angry when the people forsake him and take to the way of the devil. The Taipings thought of God as kind and compassionate but jealous. T’ien in the minds of the ancient Chinese exhibits the same emotions: Tien^([sic – meaning T'ien]) is said to be compassionate and to love the people.⁵¹ T’ien so loves the people that he grants them their wishes.⁵² The sovereign T’ien is often angry when the people are misruled.⁵³ This anger finds vent in the punishment of the wicked. Tung Chung-shu of the Han describes the emotional nature of T’ien in the following words: “Heaven has its own feelings of joy and anger and a mind which experiences sadness and pleasure, analogous to those of man.”⁵⁴

1967, Vincent Y. C. Shih, “The Classics and Confucianism”, in The Taiping Ideology: Its Sources, Interpretations, and Influences (Far Eastern and Russian Institute Publications on Asia), number 15, University of Washington Press, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 173:

(Chinese mythology) Alternative form of Tian (“Heaven, God”)


Church-Rosser property

Church-Rosser property (plural Church-Rosser properties)

Alonzo Church and J. Barkley Rosser proved in 1936 that lambda calculus has this property.

(logic, computer science) The property of a rewriting system for which x stackrel *↔y implies x mathbin ↓y for all objects x, y.


Cratylism

Cratylism (countable and uncountable, plural Cratylisms)

Named after the ancient Athenian philosopher Cratylus, + -ism.

(philosophy) A philosophical theory holding that there is a natural relationship between words and their referents.


Ramseyan

en-adj

Ramseyan (comparative more Ramseyan, superlative most Ramseyan)

more Ramseyan (comparative)
most Ramseyan (superlative)

Ramseyan taxation

(economics, mathematics, philosophy) Of or relating to Frank Ramsey (1903-1930), British economist, mathematician, and philosopher.


elle-people

It is also necessary to watch cattle so that they may not graze in any place where the Elle-people have been. If any animal goes to a place where the Elle-people have spit or done what is worse, it is attacked by some grievous disease, which can only be cured by giving it a handful of St. John's wort, which was pulled at twelve o'clock on St. John's night.

1828, Thomas Keightley, The Fairy Mythology, volume I, London: William Harrison Ainsworth, page 140:

"I tremble at the very thought of the Elle-people of whom our villagers tell, while thou hast not a single fear. Why is it, sister?"

1861, Dinah Craik, Romantic Tales, Leipzip: Berhard Tauchnitz, page 164:

(mythology) A type of elf of Scandinavian folklore.


elle-maid

The Wilde Frauen or Wild-women of Germany bear a very strong resemblance to the Elle-maids of Scandinavia. Like them they are beautiful, have fine flowing hair, live within hills, and only appear singly or in the society of each other.

1828, Thomas Keightley, The Fairy Mythology, volume II, London: William Harrison Ainsworth, page 33:

(mythology) A type of female elf of Scandinavian folklore.


elle-folk

"We're none of the elle-folk who dance in the hills and weave fates, ye mun go to them for that."

1860, Harriet Elizabeth Prescott, Sir Rohan's Ghost: A Romance, Boston: J.E. Tilton and Co., page 293:

Still the Elle-folk are often mentioned in the legends he proceeds to give as inhabiting houes, notwithstanding an explicit opening statement that they ‘dwell in the Elle-mosses,’ and notwithstanding the fact also that the so-called Elle-kone of the houes seems evidently to want the hollow back.

1865 November, J[ohn] C[hristopher] Atkinson, “Comparative Danish and Northumbrian Folk Lore. […] Chapter VII. Elle Folk.”, in The Monthly Packet of Evening Readings for Younger Members of the English Church, volume XXX, part 179, London: John and Charles Mozley, […]; and J[ohn] H[enry] Parker, […], footnote, page 476:

The ellefolk live in mosses, banks and mounds, under alder-trees and in alder-thickets.

1896, William Alexander Craigie, Scandinavian Folk-lore, London: Alexander Gardner, page 175:


what-it's-like-ness

Thomas Nagel brought into contemporary debates the notion of what-it's-like-ness by claiming that in order to understand an entity as conscious, there must be something that it is like to be that thing. There is nothing that it's like to be a bat, he said, it's not possible for us to imagine what it's like to be a bat.

2012, Paul S. MacDonald, Languages of Intentionality, page 217:

At the what-it's-like-ness end of the semantic range of the word 'experience', we have something that I might also call 'consciousness' — if that helps: […]

2022, Sophie Grace Chappell, Epiphanies: An Ethics of Experience, page 158:

(philosophy) The qualitative character of consciousness.


discretive proposition

en-noun

discretive proposition (plural discretive propositions)

(logic) A compound proposition in which contrasting judgments are made, connected by a word such as "but" or "though".


nonconjunction

nonconjunction (countable and uncountable, plural nonconjunctions)

(logic) The negation of the conjunction operation, expressed in ordinary language as "not both".


alternative denial

alternative denial (countable and uncountable, plural alternative denials)


Ireima

Ileima (alternative)
Eleima (alternative)
Ereima (alternative)
Eeleima (alternative)
Eereima (alternative)

(Meitei mythology) An ancient Meitei goddess of water, aquatic life, diseases and illnesses.


Grimnir

Borrowed from Old Norse Grímnir (“masked one”). Compare Old Norse Grímr, from which comes the synonym Grim. See also Icelandic gríma (“mask”).

Grimnir taught Geirrodr how to unseat an opponent from his horse with a minimum amount of effort. And sometimes late in the evening Grimnir talked of Asgardr and the Æsir themselves, as if he had actually been there.

2010, Heilan Yvette Grimes, The Norse Myths, Hollow Earth Publishing, page 116:

To torture him into talking, the king strung Grimnir between two fires for eight nights.
King Geirrod had a ten-year-old son named after his brother, Agnar. Agnar gave Grimnir a whole horn to drink, saying it was wrong for his father to torture an innocent man.

2014, Jeramy Dodds, transl., The Poetic Edda, Coach House Books, page 67:

(Norse mythology) Odin; specifically, the name adopted by Odin in Grímnismál ("The Lay of Grimnir", also called "Grimnir's Sayings", in the Poetic Edda).


Curitis

(Roman mythology) An epithet of the goddess Juno.


sensationistic

en-adj

sensationistic (comparative more sensationistic, superlative most sensationistic)

more sensationistic (comparative)
most sensationistic (superlative)

(philosophy) Alternative form of sensationalistic


sensistic

sensistic (comparative more sensistic, superlative most sensistic)

more sensistic (comparative)
most sensistic (superlative)

(philosophy) Relating to sensism; sensualistic.


retroshade

Retroshade is going to increase the chances of a travel mishap, so just get ahead of the chances and protect yourself.

2017 December 19, Kaitlyn Wylde, “Mercury Retroshade Can Seriously Mess Up Holiday Plans — Here's How to Prepare”, in Bustle, archived from the original on 2020-12-06:

Retroshade is considered by astrologers (such as myself) to be the worst part of Mercury Retrograde. The pre-Retrograde starts slowing down the communicative planet and begins to make us all see situations with unclear thoughts.

2019 November 20, Lisa Stardust, “Yeah, Mercury Retrograde Is Over—but Have You Heard of *Retroshade*?”, in Cosmopolitan, New York, N.Y.: Hearst Communications, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-11-04:

Technically speaking, retroshade refers to a planet's "retrograde shadow period," which occurs both before and after the retrograde itself. It's when the planet slows down as it prepares to enter retrograde and speeds up as it leaves its backward motion behind. […]

[2023 January 11, Aliza Kelly, “When Mercury Retrograde Ends, Mercury Retroshade Begins”, in The Cut, archived from the original on 2023-08-09:

(astrology) A transitional period, occurring immediately before and after retrograde, during which a planet moves across the same part of the sky twice.


Popperism

(philosophy) An idea or theory of Karl Popper.

(philosophy) The philosophy, collectively, of Karl Popper.


Kakyen

(Meitei mythology) A tyrannical monstrous gigantic colossal cannibalistic mythical bird that was killed by Meitei princes, Yoimongba and Taothingmang, with the help of mother goddess Leimarel.


Pebet

(Meitei mythology) A legendary bird species, smaller than sparrows in size, and endemic to Manipur, often known for its wits.


Khambrangchak

Borrowed from Manipuri ꯈꯝꯕ꯭ꯔꯥꯡꯆꯥꯛ (khamb͟rāngcāk).

bor+

(Meitei mythology) A bird species. It is known for one female of its species, causing a chain of damages while preparing for visiting to her paternal family


peach of immortality

en-noun

peach of immortality (plural peaches of immortality)

peaches of immortality (plural)
Peach of Immortality (alternative)

Calque of Chinese 仙桃 (xiāntáo, literally “immortal peach”).

calque

(Chinese mythology) A kind of peach believed to grant longevity to those who consume it.


folkism

en-noun

folkism (countable and uncountable, plural folkisms)

Once one accepts the concept of folkism in man's thought, this leads to a consideration of folkism in religion.

1982, Cha-yong Cho, Guardians of Happiness: Shamanistic Tradition in Korean Folk Painting, page 20:

This compromises the note of purportedness in reference that it seems to me folkism means to sound. Either the intentionality of reference is accepted as a datum or it has to be explained. Folkism short-stops the question, both ways.

2003, R.J. Nelson, Naming and Reference: The Link of Word to Object:

In particular, I argue that (i) moral folkism leads us to the deflationary conclusion that many of the normative and metaethical questions that philosophers discuss are settled by empirical facts about what ordinary folk happen to mean by their words — and so they're not settled by mind-independent facts about reality.

2020, Mark Balaguer, “Moral Folkism and the Deflation of (Lots of) Normative and Metaethics”, in José L. Falguera, Concha Martínez-Vidal, editor, Abstract Objects: For and Against, page 297:

(uncountable, philosophy) A philosophical stance that meaning is based on common usage by ordinary people rather than an abstract principle.


entityness

The issue of the languageness of the languages of art clears, moreover, if we turn from the aboutness of language to the special entityness of verbal-linguistic things, which, like art things, are entities just by virtue of being inferred as such from aspects of concreta filtered through a syntax and a semantics.

1970 August 20, Benjamin Boretz, “Nelson Goodman's Languages of Art from a Musical Point of View”, in The Journal of Philosophy, volume LXVII, number 16, New York, N.Y.: The Journal of Philosophy, Inc., →ISSN, →OCLC, page 552:

(philosophy) The quality of being an entity.


lived time

lived time (countable and uncountable, plural lived times)

(philosophy, psychology) The time of one's inner subjective experience; a temporality of lived experience, understood through anticipation and memory.


sense datum

(philosophy) A mind-dependent object whose existence and properties are known directly to us in perception.


Alastor

(Greek mythology) Any of several characters in Greek mythology, variously spirit, human, a horse of the underworld.


Roman charity

Roman charity (countable and uncountable, plural Roman charities)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Roman charity.wav

(Greek mythology, Roman mythology) A story where someone is sentenced to die by starvation; but their daughter saves them by secretly breastfeeding them.

Cimon and Pero (Rubens)
Peter Paul Rubens


grey alien

grey aliens (plural)
gray alien (alternative)

(science fiction or ufology) An archetypical humanoid alien, usually described as having grey skin, elongated, hairless, sexless features, and a large head with bulbous black eyes; chiefly associated with flying saucers, alien abductions and conspiracy theories relating to cover-ups by the United States government, such as Area 51.


Adrastean

(mythology) Of or relating to the nymph Adrasteia or Adrastea in Greek mythology.


Vagitanus

(Roman mythology) A male deity involved with childbirth.


moral agency

(ethics) The ability to make moral choices based on one's internal sense of morality.


moral agent

(ethics) A being who is capable of exercising moral agency.


prioristic

Coordinate term: posterioristic

(philosophy) Of or belonging or pertaining to the Prior Analytics of Aristotle.


posterioristic

Coordinate term: prioristic

(philosophy) Of or belonging or pertaining to the Posterior Analytics of Aristotle.


Suchus

From Latin Sūchus, from Ancient Greek Σοῦχος (Soûkhos), ultimately from Egyptian s-b-k:I3 (sbk). Doublet of Sobek.

der

<i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">sbk</i>

(Egyptian mythology) Synonym of Sobek (“An ancient Egyptian deity associated with the crocodile.”)


hamsick

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-hamsick.wav

(communism, Internet slang, derogatory, neologism) A communist, or a supporter of communism.

(communism, Internet slang, derogatory, neologism, by extension) A supporter of far-left views or the Soviet Union.


incognition

thus did men of rank and opulence, practise like children, for that short fleeting hour of incognition or inebriety, sport little superior to the infantile recreations of the nursery!

1826, William Child Green, The Woodland Family Or The Sons of Error and Daughters of Simplicity, page 108:

In another work he developed his theory of cognition or incognition.

1889, Albert Schwegler, Handbook of the History of Philosophy, page 35:

nor was the exclusion of the statement that testator could not indicate that he understood what was said to him improper, or that his incognition was the same as when in good health.

1912, Daniel Coblens Joseph, Contest of Wills, page 193:

Hobbes noted that transition is essential incognition.

1927, Krause Reprint Limited, Proceedings, page 251:

In the absurd novel, the "shock of recognition" which is the mark of the traditional novel is replaced by the "shock of incognition"--the mark of the absurd world and the loss of illusions and light.

1967, American Literature Abstracts (publisher), American Literature Abstracts - Volumes 1-2, page 304:

At the moment there is culpable incognition on the part of Nigerians as regards their political process.

1977, University of Nigeria, Nsukka. Department of Political Science (contributor), Workshop on the Draft Constitution for Nigeria (20th-21st January '77) : [proceedings]:

Fear paralyzes the minds of the Welsh Fusiliers: "fear steadies to dumb incognition, so that when they give the order to move upward to align with "A" hugged already just under the lip of the acclivity

1984, J. A. Mirus (publisher), Faith & Reason - Volume 10, page 197:

Those circumstances may help us understand what was negative-the incognition, the indifference, and the neglect-in Australian attitudes and conduct over a full century.

2014, William S. Livingston, Wm. Roger Louis (editors), Australia, New Zealand, and the Pacific Islands Since the First World War, page 152:

(philosophy) A condition of unknowingness; an act of unknowing.


accidental property

en-noun

accidental property (plural accidental properties)

Coordinate term: essential property

(psychology, philosophy) A characteristic of something that is unnecessary to its essence, and in which a deviation of that characteristic has no effect on its essence.


essential property

essential property (plural essential properties)

Coordinate term: accidental property

(psychology, philosophy) A characteristic of something that is essential or necessary to its fundamental nature or existence.


faux frais

Unadapted borrowing from French faux frais.

ubor

(Marxism, capitalism) The faux frais of production.


Buto

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Βουτώ (Boutṓ), from Egyptian wAD-t-I12 (wꜣḏt (literally “green one”)), an allusion to the skin of the cobra. Doublet of Wadjet.

der

<i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">wꜣḏt</i> (literally “green one”)


kokutai

tlb

(Japanese politics, philosophy, chiefly historical)

Borrowed from Japanese 国体(こくたい) (kokutai, literally “national character”).

ja-r

The national essence and character of Japan viewed as conforming to Shinto-Confucian ideals, with the emperor as its ethical, spiritual, cultural and political center.

國體 /国体

national character of Japan viewed as centered on the emperor

The ideology centered on the principle of kokutai.


diallelous

en-adj

diallelous (comparative more diallelous, superlative most diallelous)

more diallelous (comparative)
most diallelous (superlative)

Saying skydiving is unsafe because it's dangerous and then saying it's dangerous because it's unsafe is diallelous.

Diallelous. […] What is generally called defining reasoning in a circle.

1878, Francis Garden, A Dictionary of English Philosophical Terms, page 46:

(philosophy) Involving circular reasoning.


UFOer

Ring sees both the NDE and UFOE as modern day shamanic initiations in which the journeyer (NDEer or UFOer) enters an "imaginal" reality, an alternative reality that coexists with physical reality and that is equally real.

1992, Spirited Women Book Company (publisher), At the Crossroads, page 48:

I claim to be a counseling psychologist, a UFO researcher, and a UFO experiencer (UFOer).

1995, American Society for Psychical Research (publisher), The Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research, volume 89, page 85:

People began meeting at certain spots at night to keep a lookout for more UFOs. They became known as skywatchers or UFOers.

2005, Chris Gethard, Weird New York, Your Travel Guide to New York's Local Legends and Best Kept Secrets, page 25:

A small UFOer, whose badge said, "Billy Clark," spoke up. "But by your own criteria, many experiences of extraterrestrials are also real.

2016, Kenneth Clatterbaugh, The Freedom of Will, page 234:

unidentified flying object
unidentified flying object#English

(ufology, uncommon) Initialism of unidentified flying object experiencer (“a person who has witnessed a UFO or has established contact with its alien occupants”).


karmic blowback

From karmic + blowback. First use appears c. 2000, although the exact date of its first appearance is uncertain.

(New Age, mysticism, metaphysics, spirituality) An adverse or unfortunate event or occurrence, as a result of an accumulation of past misdeeds.

metaphysics; spirituality; metaphysics; spirituality


time-reverse

en-verb

time-reverse (third-person singular simple present time-reverses, present participle time-reversing, simple past and past participle time-reversed)

time-reverses (present singular third-person)
time-reversing (participle present)
time-reversed (participle past)
time-reversed (past)

It is compatible with the time-reversal noninvariance of the laws that the universe be such that the universe that consists of just its states at a time in reverse temporal order, without even time-reversing the states themselves, is a possible physical universe.

1977, Lawrence Sklar, Space, Time, and Spacetime, page 401:

The records of the waveforms are then transmitted to a central server that time-reverses them and lets the time-reversed versions back-propagate into the location domain by numerical simulation.

2017, Farhad Rachidi, Marcos Rubinstein, Mario Paolone (editors), Electromagnetic Time Reversal - Application to EMC and Power Systems:

Time-reverse all motions and the three will return at the same instant to the starting point.

2020, Martin Gardner, Wheels, Life and Other Mathematical Amusements, page 134:

(transitive, philosophy, physics) To subject something to a transformation in which the passage of time and all of its velocities are theorized to be reversed.


believing is seeing

(idiomatic, philosophy, somewhat humorous) One needs to believe something in order to know or understand it.


sourcehood

On the second conception, free will consists in meeting a sourcehood condition: a free agent must be the "ultimate source of her actions" (10).

2009 March 25, C. P. Ragland, “Free Will: Sourcehood and Its Alternatives”, in Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews:

Pereboom’s book presents probably the best available argument for hard incompatibilism (the view that free will is not compatible with causal determinism), and his defence of the sourcehood view is just part of this overall argument.

2015 January 1, John Danaher, “The Free Will Debate: Sourcehood or Alternative Possibilities?”, in Philosophical Disquisitions:

(philosophy) The quality of being the source of one's own decisions.


Jafnhár

From Old Norse Jafnhár (literally “Just-as-High”), from jafn (“equal, the same”) + hár (“high, tall”). Compare Hár.

compound

(Norse mythology) One of the three enthroned figures who feature opposite King Gylfi in the Gylfaginning.

יפנהר

Norse mythology: enthroned figure in the Gylfaginning


Sun Wukong

Borrowed from the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin pronunciation of Chinese 孫悟空 /孙悟空 (Sūn Wùkōng, literally “Sun Awakened-to-Emptiness”).

bor

(Chinese mythology) A fictional anthropomorphic monkey with various abilities and magical powers best known for being one of the main characters in the 16th-century Chinese epic Journey to the West, and is revered as a deity by some Buddhists and most Taoists.


orthoteny

en-noun

orthoteny (countable and uncountable, plural orthotenies)

[…] believes that he had discovered a new principle called orthoteny, according to which saucer-sightings of any given short period tend, far more often than chance would permit, form plottable straight lines of 3 or more points.

1951, Anthony Boucher, J. Francis McComas, The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction, volume 16, Mercury Press, Incorporated, page 86:

[…] of flying saucer reports in France in 1954 supporting the author's theory of "orthoteny," i.e., the fact that he can connect the points at which flying saucers appeared each day with a series of straight lines radiating out from a central point.

1958, Junior Libraries, volume 5, R.R. Bowker., page 117:

Michel dubbed the pattern "orthoteny” (from the Greek orthoteneis, meaning "stretched in a straight line"). During the 1954 wave, he argued, flying saucers appeared over the course of any given day along straight lines crisscrossing French territory.

2024, Greg Eghigian, “4 From Mystery to Movement 1947-1960”, in After the Flying Saucers Came: A Global History of the UFO Phenomenon, illustrated, reprint edition, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 110:

(ufology) The study of straight lines, especially in regards to the flight paths that UFOs tend to follow.


Daphnidian

en-adj

Daphnidian (comparative more Daphnidian, superlative most Daphnidian)

more Daphnidian (comparative)
most Daphnidian (superlative)

(mythology) Of or relating to the poet Daphnis in Greek legend.


Aegaeonian

Aegaeonian (comparative more Aegaeonian, superlative most Aegaeonian)

more Aegaeonian (comparative)
most Aegaeonian (superlative)

(mythology) Of or relating to Aegaeon in Greek mythology


Methonean

Methonean (comparative more Methonean, superlative most Methonean)

more Methonean (comparative)
most Methonean (superlative)

/mɛθəˈniːən/

(mythology) Of or relating to Methone in Greek mythology.


Anthean

Anthean (comparative more Anthean, superlative most Anthean)

more Anthean (comparative)
most Anthean (superlative)

(mythology) Of or relating to Anthe in Greek mythology.


Pallenean

Pallenean (comparative more Pallenean, superlative most Pallenean)

more Pallenean (comparative)
most Pallenean (superlative)

(mythology) Of or relating to Pallene in Greek mythology.


Calypsoan

Calypsoan (comparative more Calypsoan, superlative most Calypsoan)

more Calypsoan (comparative)
most Calypsoan (superlative)

(mythology) Of or relating to Calypso in Greek mythology.


Helenean

Helenean (comparative more Helenean, superlative most Helenean)

more Helenean (comparative)
most Helenean (superlative)

They hasten youth / Into maturer womanhood; they give / A brighter lustre to the beaming eye, / Fairer proportions to the moulded form / Of Helenéan beauty, and impart / A deeper current to the fervent stream / Of the unsealed affections.

1841, Pliny Earle, “Angelina”, in Marathon, and Other Poems, Philadelphia: Henry Perkins, page 76:

(Greek mythology) Of or relating to Helen, the daughter of Zeus and Leda.


Polydeucean

Polydeucean (comparative more Polydeucean, superlative most Polydeucean)

more Polydeucean (comparative)
most Polydeucean (superlative)

(mythology) Of or relating to the god Polydeuces (a.k.a. Pollux) in Greek mythology.


Deimian

(mythology) Of or relating to Deimos in Greek mythology.


Selenian

(Greek mythology) Of or relating to the god Selene in Greek mythology.


Thebean

(mythology) Of or relating to Thebe in Greek mythology.


Himalian

(mythology) Of or relating to the nymph Himalia in Greek mythology.


Elarian

(mythology) Of or relating to the princess Elara in Greek mythology.


Pasiphaëan

(mythology) Of or relating to the queen Pasiphaë or Pasiphae in Greek mythology.


Sinopean

(mythology) Of or relating to Sinope in Greek mythology.


Lysithean

(mythology) Of or relating to Lysithea (a.k.a. Lysithoe) in Greek mythology.


Anankean

/ænəŋˈkiːən/

(mythology) Of or relating to the god Ananke in Greek mythology.


Ledean

(mythology) Of or relating to the queen Leda in Greek mythology.


Nereidian

(mythology) Of or relating to the Nereids in Greek mythology.


Naiadian

(mythology) Of or relating to the Naiads in Greek mythology.


Thalassian

(mythology) Of or relating to Thalassa, the personification of the Sea in Greek mythology.


Despinian

(mythology) Of or relating to the god Despina (a.k.a. Despoena) in Greek mythology.


Galatean

/ɡæləˈtiːən/

(mythology) Of or relating to the Nereid Galatea in Greek mythology.


Larissian

(mythology) Of or relating to Larissa in Greek mythology.


Halimedean

(mythology) Of or relating to the Nereid Halimede in Greek mythology.


Psamathean

/sæməˈθiːən/

(mythology) Of or relating to the Nereid Psamathe in Greek mythology.


Saonian

(mythology) Of or relating to the Nereid Sao in Greek mythology.


Laomedeian

(mythology) Of or relating to the Nereid Laomedeia in Greek mythology.


Nesoan

(mythology) Of or relating to the Nereid Neso in Greek mythology.


hippocampian

(mythology) Of or relating to the hippocamp, a creature in Greek mythology.


Hydrian

(mythology) Of or relating to the monster Hydra in Greek legend.


Dysnomian

(mythology) Of or relating to the demon Dysnomia in Greek mythology.


Orthosian

/ɔːrˈθoʊʒiən/

(mythology) Of or relating to the god Orthosia in Greek mythology.


Thyonean

/ˌθaɪəˈniːən/

(mythology) Of or relating to Thyone in Greek mythology.


Aoedean

/ˌeɪəˈdiːən/

(mythology) Of or relating to the muse Aoede in Greek mythology.


Euphrosynean

(mythology) Of or relating to the Grace Euphrosyne in Greek mythology.


Hektorean

(mythology) Of or relating to the hero Hektor in the Iliad.


Nemesian

(mythology) Of or relating to the Greek god Nemesis.


Hebean

(mythology) Of or relating to the Greek god Hebe.


Elektrian

(mythology) Of or relating to the tragic figure Elektra in Greek mythology.


Electrian

(mythology) Of or relating to the tragic figure Electra in Greek mythology.


Hermionean

(Greek mythology) Of or relating to Hermione of Greek mythology.


mavka

(Slavic mythology, mythology) In Ukrainian folklore, a forest spirit who lures men to their deaths.


urinary leash

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-urinary leash.wav

(feminism, historical) The former situation of women being largely confined to their homes because of a lack of public toilets for women.


zaratan

Ultimately from Arabic سَرَطَان (saraṭān, “crab”), possibly via Spanish zaratán.

[…]turtle known as zaratans. Living for millennia, these slow-moving gentle giants dine exclusively on sea […] a zaratan's shell grows ever more complex as it ages.

2019 June 18, Lindsay Cibos-Hodges, Jared Hodges, Draw Baby Beasties: Create Little Dragons, Unicorns, Mermaids and More, Penguin, →ISBN, page 86:

[…] turtle—a zaratan. On the zaratan's back were hundreds of tiny green frogs nestled in the seaweed, with bat wings and long reptile tails.

2019 October 8, Megan Linski, Alicia Rades, Hidden Legends, The Air Omen, Crystallite Publishing:

[…] from the colossal zaratan that cruises the seas to the gigantic roc that rules the skies or the deadly basilisk that haunts the ruins of ancient cities.

2023 September 7, Emily Hawkins, A Natural History of Magical Beasts, →ISBN, page 54:

(mythology) In Arabic folklore, an extremely large (sea) turtle, the shell of which resembles an island.


male as norm

(grammar, feminism) The principle that holds that grammatical and lexical devices such as the use of the feminine suffix -ess and the use of man to mean human, strengthen the perceptions that the male category is the norm, and that corresponding female categories are thus less important.


workers' paradise

en-noun

workers' paradise (plural workers' paradises)

(communism) A society where all individuals would have their needs provided for by the government.


workers' salute

workers' salute (plural workers' salutes)

(labour, communism, socialism) A type of raised fist salute associated with the labor movement.


Gondlir

Borrowed from Old Norse Gǫndlir (“wand bearer", "wand wielder”) (Gǫnd + -lir), where the wand is a magical implement possibly used for shamanic travel. It has also been suggested that Gǫnd may signify "wolf" (implying a spirit or otherwise magical wolf).

bor

2015, Neil Gaiman, The American Gods Quartet, 2019, Ebook, Hachette Livre (Headline Publishing Group), unnumbered page,
I told you I would tell you my names. This is what they call me. I am called Glad-of-War, Grim, Raider and Third. I am One-eyed. […] I am All-Father, and I am Gondlir Wand-bearer.


thoseness

viewer asks Barney , in the cause of news, ibid, why the thus of this thoseness, and Barney replies that he is taking out a girl who will soon be Hollywood's new sensation for a round of the early morning spots.

1939, Bernard Molohon, Hollywood Date Bureau, page 102:

It was not a pleasant face , but there was certainly nothing to indicate his Those'''ness.

1994, Chapman Magazine (publisher), Chapman, Issues 76-79, page 53:

A sense of "thoseness" also facilitates descriptions of physical space such as, "one of those [un de ces] service staircases where obscene grafitti are scribbled outside the back doors of flats."

2006, Johns Hopkins Press (publisher), Modern Language Notes, Volume 121, page 995:

the state of generality without substance (those-ness) against the state of phenomenal appearance (thisness, haeccitas).

2009, Christopher Eagle, Cratylism and Its Discontents, Modernist Theories of the Perfect Language, page 79:

Eagle proposes that the Recherche stages a tension between a typological and a particularizing style, playing "the state of generality without substance (thoseness) against the state of phenomenal appearance (thisness, haeccitas)."

2015, Hannah Freed-Thall, Spoiled Distinctions, Aesthetics and the Ordinary in French Modernism, page 158:

There is no difference between such two cliques of people except that these of theseness would arm themselves with guns and sticks, and those of thoseness would arm themselves with rosaries and miswaks.

2024, Mohamed Abulinein, The Reflections, An English Translation of Mustafa Lutfi Al-Manfaluti’s ‘An-Naẓarāt’ – Part I:

(philosophy, very rare) The quality or characteristic of being those (something referred to).


theseness

(philosophy, very rare) The quality or characteristic of being these (something referred to).


eidetic reduction

en-noun

eidetic reduction (plural eidetic reductions)

(philosophy, phenomenology) A technique that helps to identify the essential components of a phenomenon by attempting to reduce it into its necessary essences.


manclaiming

(feminism, rare, derogatory) A man's practice of claiming a woman's work as his own.


Telegonus

From Ancient Greek Τηλέγονος (Tēlégonos)

(Greek mythology) the son of Circe and Odysseus.


rota Fortunae

/ˌɹəʊtə ˈfɔːt͡ʃuːni/

Unadapted borrowing from Latin rota Fortūnae (literally “Fortuna’s wheel”), from rota (“wheel”) + Fortūnae (the genitive dative singular of Fortūna (“the Roman goddess of fate, fortune, and luck”)).

ubor

As a medievalist Ignatius believed in the rota Fortunae, or wheel of fortune, a central concept in De Consolatione Philosophiae, the philosophical work which had laid foundation for medieval thought. […] Was his wheel rapidly spinning downward?

1963 (date written), John Kennedy Toole, chapter 2, in A Confederacy of Dunces, London: Penguin Books, published 1980 (1981 printing), →ISBN, section I, page 27:

Wheel of Fortune
Wheel of Fortune#English

(mythology, philosophy) Synonym of Wheel of Fortune (“the mythological wheel turned randomly by Fortuna, the Roman goddess of fate, fortune, and luck, to determine people's fortunes which were thus unpredictable”)


hyperschema

en-noun

hyperschema (plural hyperschemata or hyperschemas)

hyperschemata (plural)
hyperschemas (plural)

(logic) A generalization of the idea of a schema, having variable arity.


self-defeating prophecy

self-defeating prophecy (plural self-defeating prophecies)

Coordinate term: self-fulfilling prophecy

(philosophy, sociology) A situation in which the occurrence of a predicted event becomes less likely by predicting the event.


male-identified

I'm here to tell you that lesbian battering occurs in all kinds of lesbian relationships. I am a butch and I was a victim of it. All kinds of women can be abused, and many different kinds of women can be abusers. It's not going to be as easy as pointing fingers at those who are "male-identified" or have "internalized homophobia," and saying the problem is over there.

1984 February 4, Anne Franklin, “Who Are The Experts?”, in Gay Community News, volume 11, number 28, page 6:

(feminism, of a woman, derogatory) Aligned with patriarchal interests.


Dreydegger

(philosophy, informal) American philosopher Hubert Dreyfus' exegesis of Martin Heidegger.


primordial chaos

But this I now know, that rather than be your sun-flower, and turn and incline to you, e'en let the world return to its primordial chaos.

1757, G. W. Rabener, Satirical Letters, volume 2, page 283:

That of the first (1 in our appendix) is more theogonic than cosmogonic; it contains the succession of the generations of the gods, emanating from primordial chaos.

1882, François Lenormant, The Beginnings of History: According to the Bible and the Traditions of Oriental Peoples; From the Creation of Man to the Deluge, page 54:

The primordial chaos encompasses both creative and destructive forces and is capable of bringing forth new life and of destroying it in a blind rage.

2012, Alexander D. Ornella, “Disruptive Violence as Means to Create a Space for Reflection: Thoughts on Tarantino's Attempts at Audience Irritation”, in Robert von Dassanowsky, editor, Quentin Tarantino's Inglourious Basterds: A Manipulation of Metacinema, Continuum, page 222:

(mythology) The original unordered state of the universe, especially in classical cosmogonies.


redfash

From red (“communist”) + fash (“fascist”).

redfash and tankie-kind are fascinating because theyll be so incredibly authoritarian as to reject autonomy in any way, theyll buy into reactionary black and white thinking, idolize regimes without worker ownership and fervent nationalism; and then they call anarchists fascists.

redfash seem out to prove horseshoe theory is a thing

2022 September 26, u/Tuggerfub, Reddit, r/tankiejerk:

(informal, derogatory, politics, communism, fascism) Someone who combines communism and fascism.


Aiaia

(Greek mythology) Archaic form of Aeaea.


Heliades

(Greek mythology) The daughters of Helios and Clymene.


Oizys

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ὀϊζύς (Oïzús).

1987, Richard S. Caldwell (translator), Hesiod, Theogony, Hackett Publishing Company (Focus), page 40,
Next Momos and painful Oizys were born to the dark goddess Nyx, though she lay with no one,

(Greek mythology) The (female) personification of pain and distress; said by Hesiod is his Theogony to be the offspring of Nyx (Night) and produced without the assistance of a father; identified with the Roman Miseria (Misery).


Rhoeo

(Greek mythology) A lover of Apollo and mother of Anius, king of Delos and priest of Apollo.


Mene

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Μήνη (Mḗnē).

(Greek mythology) A goddess of the Moon, specifically presiding over the months, sometimes regarded as an epithet of Selene.


phrastic

Coined by Richard Mervyn Hare in The Language of Morals in 1952

(philosophy) The component of meaning in a sentence independent of mood or force.


Alcestis

(Greek mythology) A princess, the fairest of the daughters of Pelias, known for her love of her husband.


Kastalia

(mythology) Alternative form of Castalia


unexperiencing

an unexperiencing mind

(philosophy) That does not experience things.


core belief

(psychology, philosophy) An epistemic assumption that defines an individual or belief system and his or its self-perception and is therefore felt to be true regardless of its truth value.


maxipok

(game theory, philosophy) A strategy that aims to maximise the probability of an acceptable outcome.


RWS

The RWS card shows the Empress in a garden suggesting natural surroundings, gardening, beautifying your environment, or working with food, plants, and personal enhancements.

2002, Mary K. Greer, The Complete Book of Tarot Reversals, page 47:

In RWS-influenced decks, the Sun card depicts a single gleeful child.

2014, Mark McElroy, A Guide to Tarot Card Meanings, page 80:

I referenced the RWS in my examples, but only for reasons of accessibility—not because I think it’s a better deck.

2016, Courtney Weber, Tarot for One: The Art of Reading for Yourself, page 237:

(tarot) Initialism of Rider-Waite-Smith; a tarot deck first published in 1909 by William Rider & Son, featuring illustrations by artist Pamela Colman Smith, based on the instructions of occultist A. E. Waite.


Aesacus

From Latin Aesacus, from Ancient Greek Αἴσᾰκος (Aísăkos).

Æsacus (alternative)
Aisakos (alternative)

(Greek mythology) A son of King Priam, either by the naiad Alexirrhoë or the seer Arisbe, who interpreted the dreams of Queen Hecuba when she bore Paris and who mourned the deceased daughter (either Asterope and Hesperia) of the river-god Cebren; in Ovid’s Metamorphoses transformed by Tethys (Cebren’s mother) into a diving seabird (perhaps a cormorant or Scopoli’s shearwater) when he threw himself from atop a sea-cliff in grief.

Αἴσᾰκος

son of Priam who mourned Cebren’s daughter


Aethusa

(Greek mythology) A daughter of Poseidon and the Pleiad Alcyone, daughter of Atlas. She was loved by Apollo and bore to him Eleuther and Linus.


anarchist calisthenics

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-anarchist calisthenics.wav

Coined by American political scientist and anthropologist James C. Scott in 2012 in the book-length essay Two Cheers for Anarchism.

coinage

(anarchism) The practice of breaking, typically trivial, laws and rules to encourage independent thinking and action and to challenge authoritative norms.


Rhoecus

(Greek mythology) A centaur who, together with another centaur, Hylaeus, tried to rape Atalanta, who killed them both.


antiparticularism

(philosophy) A stance that critiques or rejects the emphasis on particular, individual cases or instances in understanding a concept or issue, advocating for the importance of general principles.


antiparticularist

en-noun

antiparticularist (usually uncountable, plural antiparticularists)

(philosophy) A supporter or advocate of antiparticularism.


Veritas

Borrowed from Latin vēritās (“truth; verity”).

(Roman mythology) The Goddess of truth, a daughter of Saturn, and the mother of Virtus, also sometimes considered the daughter of Jupiter, or a creation of Prometheus; she is equivalent to Aletheia in Greek mythology


Rostam

(Iranian mythology) A legendary Iranian hero.


fact-value distinction

(philosophy, epistemology) A concept that posits a difference between a statement of fact (descriptive) and a statement of value (normative or prescriptive), with a fact being verifiable through observation and a value encompassing ethics and aesthetics.


Iphis

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἶφις (Îphis).

(Greek mythology) Any of various male or female figures in Greek mythology, including:

The daughter of Ligdus and Telethusa, who, as recounted in Ovid's Metamorphoses, was raised as male and was eventually transformed into a man by the goddess Isis in order to marry Ianthe, daughter of Telestes.

A (female) native of Skyros, captured by Achilles and given to his companion-in-arms, Patroclus, as slave, as recounted in the Iliad.

A (male) Cypriot shepherd who, as recounted in Ovid's Metamorphoses, loved a woman named Anaxarete, whose indifference led him to kill himself in despair.

One of the Argonauts, the son of Sthenelus and brother of Eurystheus; also called Iphitos or Iphitus,


bullshittism

(philosophy, Internet slang, vulgar, derogatory, humorous, uncommon) The belief that everything is nonsense or untrue; the belief that attempting to be truthful is pointless.


hermeneuticize

en-verb

hermeneuticize (third-person singular simple present hermeneuticizes, present participle hermeneuticizing, simple past and past participle hermeneuticized)

hermeneuticizes (present singular third-person)
hermeneuticizing (participle present)
hermeneuticized (participle past)
hermeneuticized (past)
hermeneuticise (alternative Commonwealth)

That, by the way, is all I want to exegesize and defend in Tom Nagel's viewpoint. The rest of the hermeneutics of 'viewpoints' is not (in my view) all that relevant, insofar as the explanatory gap (on which Nagel is unaccountably an optimist!) is concerned. Viewpoint is just one of the many manifestations of consciousness and its countless synonyms and paranyms that one can single out and hermeneuticize without making any real inroads on the explanatory gap itself.

2009 May 15, Stevan Harnad, “Knowing Something When You Feel It”, in PhilPapers, Western University (Canada) Department of Philosophy:

(transitive, philosophy, theology) To analyze, consider, or regard hermeneutically; to apply hermeneutics to.


Titanid

From Latin Titanis, from Ancient Greek Τιτανίς (Titanís). By surface analysis, Titan + -id.

(Greek mythology) Any one of Uranus and Gaia's daughters; a female Titan.


Apesh

(Egyptian mythology) An evil Ancient Egyptian god of night who had the head of a turtle or tortoise.


Orseis

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ὀρσηΐς (Orsēḯs), from ὄρσω (órsō, “to stir, awaken, excite”).

(Greek mythology) A naiad of a spring in Thessaly.


material nonimplication

material implication
material implication

(logic) The negation of material implication, such that for any two propositions P and Q, the material nonimplication from P to Q is true if and only if the negation of the material implication from P to Q is true.


hermeneuticized

en-adj

hermeneuticized (comparative more hermeneuticized, superlative most hermeneuticized)

more hermeneuticized (comparative)
most hermeneuticized (superlative)

(philosophy, theology) Having been subject to hermeneutics, hermeneuticizing, or hermeneuticization.


Danaid

Danaids (plural)
Danaides (plural)
Danaide (alternative archaic)
Danaïde (alternative archaic)

From the stem of Latin Danais, from Ancient Greek Δαναΐς (Danaḯs), from Δαναός (Danaós, “Danaus”) + -ις (-is), literally “sprung of Danaus”. By surface analysis, Danaus + -id.

af

(Greek mythology) Any one of the fifty daughters of Danaus.


panolepsy

From Pan + -o- + -lepsy, after Ancient Greek Πανόληπτος (Panólēptos, “possessed by Pan”, adjective).


Igai

(Egyptian mythology) A lesser deity associated with the oases of Egypt's Western Desert, portrayed in human form with two was-sceptres that spell out his name on his head.


amortal

en-adj

amortal (comparative more amortal, superlative most amortal)

more amortal (comparative)
most amortal (superlative)

(philosophy) Neither mortal nor immortal, existing in a state beyond conventional life and death.


grand trine

grand trines (plural)
Grand Trine (alternative)

(astrology) A harmonious aspect pattern formed when three planets are each aligned 120 degrees apart.


bonism

en-noun

bonism (usually uncountable, plural bonisms)

Jowett's optimism verges on pessimism, or, let us say, his bonism verges on malism.

1895, Lionel Arthur Tollemache, Benjamin Jowett, Master of Balliol, page 91:

(philosophy) The belief that the world, while not perfect, is fundamentally good.


bake-danuki

(Japanese mythology) A yokai that is commonly associated with the Japanese raccoon dog or tanuki, sometimes reputed to be able to shapeshift into other things or people and possess human beings.


green-golden

(business, ethics) Of a business model, seeking a balance between environmental sustainability and economic profitability.


dwarfin

en-adj

dwarfin (comparative more dwarfin, superlative most dwarfin)

more dwarfin (comparative)
most dwarfin (superlative)

12 [Contents] Blood [Possible Types] Human, orcish, dwarfin, elfin, dragon, halfling […] On the east wall is a dwarfin skeleton, suspended from a pair of irons near the ceiling, giving the entire chamber a macabre presence.

1981, Mike Carr, Dungeon Module B1: In Search of the Unknown (Dungeons & Dragons Basic Set), Lake Geneva, Wis.: TSR Hobbies, Inc., →ISBN, pages 11 and 16:

“You dwarves really believe in that old hag?” The soldier continued without waiting for an answer. “Ahm… You are dwarfin, pretty miss? I mean, well, you dress dwarfin, but you don’t look it.”

2012, Tad C. Rhoden, “Night Things”, in Don’t Call Me Hobbit: A Novel, Bradenton, Fla.: BookLocker.com, Inc., →ISBN, page 92:

‘We walk?’ asked the gnome, rustling his sheets encouragingly. I thought for a moment. Not a bad deal, actually. A smart idea for conveying information at an acceptable price. Or would it be too embarrassing to walk the streets with a gabbling dwarfin tow?

2012, Walter Moers, translated by John Brownjohn, “All in Gothic”, in The Labyrinth of Dreaming Books (A Novel from Zamonia; 6), New York, N.Y.: The Overlook Press, →ISBN, page 67:

(mythology) Of, relating to, or resembling dwarves.


dwarfin

Late I ſaw beſide the * banquet, / A new couch in Odin’s hall; / Arms unclaim’d, the Dwarfins’ labour, / Hung againſt the gilded wall.

1801, W. B., “Hialmar and Hyrinda”, in Joshua Edkins, editor, A Collection of Poems, Mostly Original, by Several Hands, Dublin: […] [F]or the editor, by Graisberry & Co., →OCLC, page 37:

The Dwarfins are a culture of Elfins that are small in stature and live in the mountainous regions.

2011, Dennis A. Pearson, “Julian and Papa Fairy”, in The Enchantment of Dandelion Acres: A Fairytale, Baltimore, Md.: PublishAmerica, →ISBN, page 69:

“For one night. I hope that’s acceptable.” / “It is to me. But it be unusual to let dwarves here.” Looking at Aram he said. “Biggest dwarfin ever I seen.”

2012, Tad C. Rhoden, “Play Dumb”, in Don’t Call Me Hobbit: A Novel, Bradenton, Fla.: BookLocker.com, Inc., →ISBN, page 70:


deceptionist

(philosophy) A proponent of deceptionism.


deceptionism

(philosophy) The belief that the intent to deceive is a necessary component of lying.


Pothos

(Greek mythology) One of Aphrodite's erotes, brother to Himeros and Eros.


mimetic desire

en-noun

mimetic desire (countable and uncountable, plural mimetic desires)

Coined by French historian, literary critic, and philosopher of social science René Girard in 1961.

coin

Having transcended his own mimetic desires, [Peter] Thiel was now free to capitalise on those of others.

2025 May 10, Orlando Reade, “The deification of René Girard”, in FT Weekend, Life & Arts, page 17:

(philosophy, anthropology) A desire that is imitative, and not related to the desired object's intrinsic value, based on the idea that human desires arise from imitation and competitive behavior in groups.


antipsychologism

(philosophy) The theory that logical truth does not depend upon the contents of human ideas, but exists independently.


regressive argument

en-noun

regressive argument (plural regressive arguments)

regress argument
regress argument#English

(philosophy, logic) Synonym of regress argument.


regress argument

regress argument (plural regress arguments)

Alternative form: regressive argument

(philosophy, logic) An argument derived from (an infinite sequence of) previously accepted propositions.


Consus

(Roman mythology) An archaic Roman god of agriculture who presided over councils and secret plans.