nonreductionism

(philosophy, sciences) Any treatment, theory etc. that is counter to reductionism


Lahmu

(mythology) In Akkadian mythology, a protective and beneficent deity, the first-born son of Apsu and Tiamat.


Lahamu

(mythology) In Akkadian mythology, a protective and beneficent deity, the first-born daughter of Apsu and Tiamat.


Merope

(Greek mythology) The youngest of the Pleiades, daughters of Atlas and Pleione, and a consort of Hermes.

(Greek mythology) A daughter of Cypselus, king of Arcadia.


foresister

From fore- + sister. Compare forefather.

Another method of concealing lesbian history is the post-mortem straightening out of the lesbian, in which Haiviette becomes Joan of arc's "girlhood friend," Ebba Sparre becomes Queen Christina of Sweden's "companion," and the Ladies of Llangollen become "famous friends." Many of our fore-sisters have been stolen from us in this manner.

1976, Xenia S. Williams, “The Power of History...or History Is Written by the Powerful”, in Dave Peterson, Johnathan Cross, Lyn Rosen, editors, A Gay Person's Guide to New England, 2 edition:

Only then will we be able to adequately tell what our foresisters have done in memory of her.

1984, Elisabeth Schüssler Fiorenza, In memory of her: a feminist theological reconstruction of Christian origins:

Of course, women and men are always children of their time, and feminists today are children of their time, sitting on the shoulders of their foresisters even if they do not recognize it.

1999, Deborah F Sawyer, Diane M Collier, Is there a future for feminist theology?:

(feminism) A feminist of an earlier generation.


transcreation

From transcreate + -ion, trans- + creation or from French transcreation.

(philosophy, theology) A type of creation by a deity or primal force.


categorematic

From Ancient Greek κατηγόρημα (katēgórēma, “a predicate”) + -atic.

uder

The word "man" is categorematic; the word "many" is not.

(logic, of a word) Capable of being employed alone as a term.


catamitism

Effeminacy…may not have been the quality that gave catamitism its meaning; rather, catamitism…may have been the normative danger that qualified effeminacy as a threat to male heterosexual rule.

1994, Michael Ryan, “Foucault’s Fallacy”, in Reconstructing Foucault: Essays in the Wake of the 80s, page 175:

(philosophy, rare) The essence of being a catamite.


protention

en-noun

protention (countable and uncountable, plural protentions)

(philosophy) An anticipation of a future event


ungroundable

[…] judgments that are ungroundable because infinitely reflective […]

1999, Anthony J. Cascardi, Consequences of Enlightenment:

Insisting on existential decision as the last word in such an ungroundable sphere is one way of understanding ethical responsibility.

2000, Lawrence J. Hatab, Ethics and finitude: Heideggerian contributions to moral philosophy:

Our rational functioning draws energy and guidance from a basic, rationally ungroundable stance or orientation […]

2002, Ronald Alexander Kuipers, Critical faith:

Not groundable.
(philosophy) Impossible to ground.


groundable

From Middle English groundable, equivalent to ground + -able.

(philosophy) Capable of being grounded (supplied with a rational basis).


Aegina

(Greek mythology) A nymph of the island that bears her name.


transphenomenal

We have said that the distinction between phenomena and the trans-phenomenal is founded upon and interwoven with the distinction in our conscious experience, or in the nature and process of knowledge, between sense and the intelligible, or, better, the spiritual conditions of sense, or between "consciousness," the sensible or "felt" and particular product, and "self-consciousness," the universal and conditioning process.

1894, George Sylvester Morris, Kant's Critique of Pure Reason: A Critical Exposition, page 193:

Yet, inconsistently but fortunately, Kant does repeatedly refer, in the Critique of Judgment, to a trans-phenomenal realm.

1957, Theodore Meyer Greene, Moral, Aesthetic, and Religious Insight, page 87:

But over what transphenomenal imperfections does the immortal soul continue to triumph on and on and on? Is Kant also postulating transphenomenal inclinations?

1980, Walter Arnold Kaufmann, Discovering the Mind: Goethe, Kant, and Hegel, page 120:

Now even that basic finite distinction of a subject which knows and an object which is known, that apparent essential for human knowledge, fades into a more ^([sic]) transphenomenal or transcendental wisdom.

1984, Frank R. Podgorski, Ego—Revealer, Concealer: A Key to Yoga:

(philosophy, especially Kantianism) Of or pertaining to a process, nature, or realm which cannot be directly experienced using such human faculties as conceptualization or perception by means of the five senses.


whenness

(philosophy) Existence at a particular point in time.


trans-phenomenal

(philosophy) Alternative form of transphenomenal


nondog

Thus, for example, we can divide the class of mammals into dogs and nondogs.

1980, Alfred Lee Baldwin, Theories of child development:

In essence, without the notion of nondog qualities against which to compare inequalities, we could have no concept of dog.

2004, Julie Yingling, A lifetime of communication: transformation through relational dialogues:


isness

When I am in my isness, thoroughly purged of all intellectual sediments, I have my freedom in its primary sense.

1970, Daisetz Teitarō Suzuki, Zen and Japanese culture, Volumes 0-9842:

Isness always indicates identity of the other or another in an objective way.

1978, Charles B. Ketcham, A theology of encounter: the ontological ground for a new Christology:

To be aware of knowing God is to know about God and the self — to be thinking in terms of entities — not to have the direct experience of the isness.

2004, Richard H. Jones, Mysticism and morality: a new look at old questions:

(philosophy, spirituality) The quality of being; existence as something.


shallow embedding

shallow embedding (plural shallow embeddings)

(logic, uncountable) The act of representing one logic or language with another by providing a syntactic translation.

(logic, countable) A specific mechanism for such a syntactic translation.


deep embedding

(logic, uncountable) The act of representing one language, typically a logic or programming language, with another by modeling expressions in the former as data in the latter.

(logic, countable) A specific such representation.


decan

(Egyptology, astrology) One of a collection of 36 small constellations or zodiacal subdivisions that appear heliacally at intervals of 10 days or are separated by approximately 10 degrees.


hermeneut

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἑρμηνευτής (hermēneutḗs, “interpreter”).

bor

Moses, full of sacrificial institutes, is the text, Isaiah and all the prophets are the hermeneuts[…].

1857 May 25, Professor Lumsden, “Conversion of the Jews”, in Proceedings of the Scotland Free Church General Assembly, page 46:

He was a hermeneut who worked out striking interpretations of texts.

1989, George H. Jensen, “Introduction”, in Post-Jungian Criticism, page 3:

(philosophy, theology) A practitioner of hermeneutics: someone who interprets a text, especially a holy text.


autoepistemic

en-adj

autoepistemic (comparative more autoepistemic, superlative most autoepistemic)

more autoepistemic (comparative)
most autoepistemic (superlative)

(philosophy) Relating to knowledge of knowledge itself


Chiron

(Greek mythology) An old, wise centaur who served as Achilles' mentor and teacher.

(astronomy, astrology) A centaur (minor planet) and comet-like/asteroid-like object, orbiting between Saturn and Uranus.


beable

From be + -able; coined by Northern Irish physicist John Stewart Bell in 1984 in partial analogy to "observable".

coinage

1984 J. S. Bell: Beables for Quantum Field Theory CERN-TH.4035/84,
In particular we will exclude the notion of “observable” in favour of that of “beable”. The beables of the theory are those elements which might correspond to elements of reality, to things which exist. Their existence does not depend on “observation”. Indeed observation and observers must be made out of beables.
I use the term “beable” rather than some more committed term like “being” or “beer” to recall the essentially tentative nature of any physical theory. Such a theory is at best a candidate for the description of nature. Terms like “being”, “beer”, “existent”, etc., would seem to me lacking in humility. In fact “beable” is short for “maybe-able”.

In line with the approach to value definiteness taken by modal interpretations, I will also not be requiring that the beables of a quantum system be the same from one quantum state of the system to another.

1999, Michael Redhead, From Physics to Philosophy, page 17:

(physics, quantum theory, philosophy) anything that could possibly be, in particular in any of a number of superimposed quantum states


Cyllenean

(mythology) Of or relating to Cyllene in Greek mythology.


Iridian

(mythology) Of or relating to Iris in Greek mythology.


Junonian

(mythology) Of or relating to the Roman god Juno.


Themistian

(mythology) Of or relating to the Greek titan Themis.


Dionean

en-adj

Dionean (comparative more Dionean, superlative most Dionean)

more Dionean (comparative)
most Dionean (superlative)

(mythology) Of or relating to the Titan Dione in Greek mythology.


Ganymedean

/ˌɡænəmɪˈdiː.ən/

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-Ganymedean.wav

(Greek mythology) Of or relating to the hero Ganymede in Greek mythology.


Enceladan

(Greek mythology, astronomy) Of or relating to Enceladus.


Enceladean

(Greek mythology) Of or relating to the giant Enceladus in Greek mythology.


Iapetian

/aɪəˈpiːʃən/

(mythology) Of or relating to the Titan Iapetus in Greek mythology.


Tethyan

(mythology) Of or relating to Titan Tethys in Greek mythology.


Protean

(mythology) Of or relating to the god Proteus in Greek mythology.


Phoebean

(mythology) Of or relating to the Titan Phoebe in Greek mythology.

(mythology) Of or relating to Phoebus (Helios).


Cupidinian

Cupidian (alternative)
Cupidonian (alternative)

The Cupidinian fires burn in my breast.


Hyperionian

(mythology) Of or relating to the Titan Hyperion in Greek mythology.


Metidian

Metidian (comparative more Metidian, superlative most Metidian)

more Metidian (comparative)
most Metidian (superlative)

(mythology) Of or relating to the Oceanid Metis in Greek mythology.


Apophian

(Egyptian mythology) Of or relating to Apophis.


scoutcraft

en-noun

scoutcraft (plural scoutcrafts or scoutcraft)

scoutcrafts (plural)
scoutcraft (plural)

Enemy scoutcraft, extreme range.

1994, Debra Doyle, James D. Macdonald, By Honor Betray'd:

In August 1954 a Venusian scoutcraft allegedly flew Adamski around the moon, showing him extraterrestrial cities and hangars as well as forests, lakes, and rivers.

1999, Jerome Clark, Unexplained!: Strange Sightings, Incredible Occurrences & Puzzling Physical Phenomena, Visible Ink Press, page 7:

He flies around the Galaxy all alone in just a little tiny scoutcraft?

2001, Douglas Kendall, Battle of Infinity City, page 298:

In the ensuing years it had never come to that, yet every scoutcraft was equipped with a self-destruct mechanism, and every commander was prepared at all times to activate it.

2006, Margaret Wander Bonanno, Strangers From The Sky, Pocket Books, page 32:

The nearer they closed in; tiny scoutcrafts could be seen continuingly migrating to and from them.

2013, Chris J. Berry, The Celestial Window, page 137:

(rare, science fiction, ufology) A spacecraft used for scouting.


necessarian

necessarians (plural)
Necessarian (alternative)

/ˌnɛsəˈsɛəɹi.ən/

1810, Charles Buck, Materialists, entry in A Theological Dictionary, Volume 2, page 86,
And the Necessarian asserts, that if, in any given state of mind, with respect both to dispositions and motives, two different determinations, or volitions, be possible, it can be on no other principle, than that one of them should come under the description of an effect without a cause; just as if the beam of a balance might incline either way, though loaded with equal weights.

But neither you nor myself, necessarian as I am, can pretend to this degree of perfection.

1832, Joseph Priestley, edited by John Towill Rutt, The Theological and Miscellaneous Works of Joseph Priestley, volume 4, page 191:

When it is considered that, according to the Necessarian doctrine, no action fails to produce effects, and no effort can be lost, there seems every reason for the conclusion which I have no doubt is the fact, that true Necessarians must be the most diligent and confident of all workers.

1877, Harriet Martineau, edited by Maria Weston Chapman, Harriet Martineau′s Autobiography, volume 1, Cambridge University Press, published 2010, page 112:

doctrine of necessity
doctrine of necessity

(philosophy, theology) An adherent of necessarianism; an advocate of the doctrine of necessity.


penates

From Latin Penātēs, from penus (“inner part of house”).

lest the name thereof being discovered unto their enemies, their Penates and Patronal Gods might be called forth by charms and incantations.

1646, Thomas Browne, Pseudodoxia Epidemica, I.3:

(Roman mythology) The household deities thought to watch over the houses and storerooms of ancient Rome.


phenomenalism

phenomenalism (countable and uncountable, plural phenomenalisms)

(philosophy) The doctrine that physical objects exist only as perceptual phenomena or sensory stimuli


impossibilism

In the next section I examine five fatalist arguments for impossibilism and show that they all fail, and some for reasons more subtle than is usually thought.

2013, Kadri Vihvelin, Causes, Laws, and Free Will: Why Determinism Doesn't Matter, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 35:

(philosophy) The view that free will does not exist and is simply impossible.


indifferentism

indifferentism (usually uncountable, plural indifferentisms)

(philosophy) The doctrine of absolute identity, i.e. that to be in thought and to exist are one and the same thing.


occasionalism

occasionalism (countable and uncountable, plural occasionalisms)

(philosophy, uncountable) A metaphysical doctrine that holds that all events are occasioned (caused) by God.


workly

en-adj

workly (comparative more workly, superlative most workly)

more workly (comparative)
most workly (superlative)
warkly (alternative)

From Middle English *workly, *werklich, from Old English *weorclīċ (“suitable for work”) (attested in unweorclīċ), equivalent to work + -ly. Compare Scots warkly (“diligent, industrious”), West Frisian werklik (“real, actual”), Dutch werkelijk (“real, actual, factual, effective”), German wirklich (“real, actual, true, substantial”), Hunsrik werklich, Swedish verklig (“real, actual, true”).

gloss

attested in <i class="Latn mention" lang="ang">unweorclīċ</i>

cog

workly nature

(philosophy, art, linguistics) Of, pertaining to, or performing some action or work; performative.


subcontrary

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-subcontrary.wav

(logic) Denoting the relation of opposition between the particular affirmative and particular negative. Of these both may be true and only one can be false.


subcontrary

(logic) Either of a pair of propositions at least one of which must be true


per impossibile

Moreover it is evident that all incomplete syllogisms are completed by means of the first figure, for all of them are concluded, either ostensively or per impossible, but in both ways the first figure is produced […]

1853 [c. 350 BCE], Aristotle, translated by Octavius Freire Owen, The Organon, or Logical Treatises of Aristotle, volume 1, London: Henry G. Bohn, York Street, Covent Garden, translation of original in Ancient Greek, page 98:

If, per impossibile, large economic inequalities did not threaten political, legal, and social equality, they would be much less objectionable.

1979, Thomas Nagel, Mortal Questions, essay 8: “Equality”, page 107:


AES

actually existing socialism
actually existing socialism#English

(socialism) Initialism of actually existing socialism.


immaterialism

en-noun

immaterialism (countable and uncountable, plural immaterialisms)

(philosophy) The metaphysical denial of the existence of the material world


midheaven

(astrology) The intersection of the ecliptic and meridian above the horizon


probabilism

probabilism (usually uncountable, plural probabilisms)

(philosophy) The doctrine that, in the absence of certainty, probability is the best criterion.


imagism

imagism (usually uncountable, plural imagisms)

/ˈɪmɪd͡ʒɪzəm/

(philosophy) The theory that thinking is based on the formation of images in the mind.


nontime

[…] how perception, taking sensation into consciousness, can take place in the nontime of the Now.

1999, Eva T. H. Brann, What, then, is time?:

(chiefly philosophy) That which is not time.


ignotum per ignotius

From Latin ignōtum per ignōtius, “[to explain] the unknown by the more unknown”.

(logic) A type of fallacious argument in which one attempts to prove something unknown by relying upon an assumption that is also unknown.


behaviouralism

(British spelling, philosophy) The branch of philosophy concerned with objective behaviour.


stellified

Orion is a stellified hunter[…]

1983, Douglas Brooks-Davies, The Mercurian Monarch: magical politics from Spenser to Pope, page 31:

(mythology) Placed in the heavens by the gods in the form of a celestial body.


poststructuralism

poststructuralism (countable and uncountable, plural poststructuralisms)

The search for a unified theory of social differentiation—a way of bringing together class, race, gender, and sex analysis into a single comparative frame—may not initially appeal to those whose analytical style has been shaped by poststructuralism.

2006, Matt Wray, Not Quite White, page 143:

(philosophy) An extension of structuralism influenced by deconstructionism


substantialism

substantialism (usually uncountable, plural substantialisms)

(philosophy) The doctrine that substantial reality is the basis of all phenomena


representationism

(philosophy) The doctrine that thoughts are representations of real, external objects


altarity

Coined by Mark C. Taylor in Altarity (1987), from altar and alterity.

In his deconstruction of the modern subject via the thought of altarity, Taylor relies on the critique of Hegel developed in twentieth-century France...

2001, Victor E. Taylor, Charles E. Winquist, Encyclopedia of postmodernism:

Sacred altarity is the indescribable other that makes the describable possible...

2005, Henry L. Ruf, Postmodern rationality, social criticism, and religion:

altarity is the sense rising from the altar of separation insulating a culture, religion, people, from those defined as outside due to their otherness.

2010, Jason Schwager, (Please provide the book title or journal name):

(philosophy) Otherness exalted as if a religious concept.


syntropy

By surface analysis, syn- + -tropy. First attested in 1871, in the anatomical sense.

philosophy of science
philosophy of science

(philosophy of science) A tendency towards complexity, structure, order, organization of ever more advantageous and orderly patterns. Originally coined as a synonym for negentropy


lation

Copernicus placed the Sun at the centre of the Universe, exempt from any sort of lation.

17th century, John Donne, Elegy XI: The Autumnal
Since such love's natural lation is, may still
My love descend, and journey down the hill,
Not panting after growing beauties. So,
I shall ebb on with them who homeward go.

(astrology, obsolete) Motion of a celestial object from one place to another; local motion.


interactionism

Interactionism (philosophy of mind)
interactionism

(philosophy) A theory in the philosophy of mind which holds that matter and mind are two distinct and independent substances that exert causal effects on one another.


infortune

en-verb

infortune (third-person singular simple present infortunes, present participle infortuning, simple past and past participle infortuned)

infortunes (present singular third-person)
infortuning (participle present)
infortuned (participle past)
infortuned (past)

From Latin infortunium. See in- (“not”), and fortune.

(astrology, of a planet) To have a malign influence


notness

For Heidegger, it is in the notness of nonbeing that we find the possibility for understanding an object, not simply as something other than some other sensible object but also as the being that is other than being.

2004, Martin Kavka, Jewish messianism and the history of philosophy:

(philosophy) The state of not being; nonexistence.


infinitism

(philosophy) The view that knowledge may be justified by an infinitely long chain of reasoning.


locute

locute (third-person singular simple present locutes, present participle locuting, simple past and past participle locuted)

locutes (present singular third-person)
locuting (participle present)
locuted (participle past)
locuted (past)

Back-formation from locution. The first sense could also be directly derived from Latin locut-, perfect active participial stem of loquor (“talk, speak”).

The translator locutes propositions, but illocutes nothing at all.

2011, David Braun, “Implicating Questions”, in Mind and Language, volume 26, pages 574–595:

By contrast, for Grice, one who for instance speaks ironically makes as if to illocute, rather than making as if to locute.

2020, The Oxford Handbook of Assertion, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 367:

(philosophy, pragmatics, intransitive or transitive with the utterance as object) To utter a meaningful sentence; to perform a locutionary act.


dispositor

The ascendant and the dispositors of the Sun and the Moon bear signification of the mind, and the lord of the ascendant and the Moon of the body.

1795, Ebenezer Sibly, A New and Complete Illustration of the Occult Sciences:

(obsolete, astrology) The planet that is lord of the sign where another planet is.


thingly

en-adj

thingly (comparative more thingly, superlative most thingly)

more thingly (comparative)
most thingly (superlative)

From Middle English thingli, þingly; equivalent to thing + -ly. For sense development, compare Latin reālis.

All works have this thingly character.

2009, Donald Preziosi, The art of art history: a critical anthology:

(philosophy, art, linguistics) Pertaining to the substance of a work, separate from what is conveyed; material, substantive.


optimific

optimific (comparative more optimific, superlative most optimific)

more optimific (comparative)
most optimific (superlative)

The U-agent will have few choices about how to lead his life, few opportunities to act on considerations of the kind of person he is, or wants to become. He will thus have little room for the things we associate with the very idea of 'leading a life'. These will all be submerged beneath the question of which causal levers are optimific.

2001, Will Kymlicka, Contemporary Political Philosophy, Oxford University Press, page 26:

If we suppose that everyone will try to follow some set of rules, some possible rules would be optimific in the sense that, if these are the rules that everyone tries to follow, things would go best.

2011, Derek Parfit, On What Matters, volume 1, Oxford University Press, page 251:

(philosophy) producing the optimum outcome


talaria

/təˈlɛəɹi.ə/

From Latin tālāria, plural form of tālāris (“of or pertaining to the ankle or heel”), from tālus (“anklebone, talus; heel”), possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *teh₂g- (“to touch”).

refn

From the collection of the Getty Villa in Los Angeles, California, USA.

der

Byres has drawn these figures with wings at their ankles, sometimes fastened to the leg, and sometimes like those at their shoulders, growing from the flesh—in both which ways the talaria of Mercury and Perseus are represented on ancient monuments. Nothing of this sort could I perceive; it was manifest to me that these were not talaria, but simple buskins with peaked flaps, such as are commonly depicted on vases of the archaic Greek style, and on the legs of Roman Lares in the paintings of Pompeii.

1848, George Dennis, “Bieda.—Blera.”, in The Cities and Cemeteries of Etruria. … In Two Volumes, volume I, London: John Murray, […], →OCLC, footnote 10, page 319:

From the Graiæ the literary myths make him [Perseus] go to the Nymphs, the artistic ones to the Naiads or nymphs of the lake Tritonis, from which he receives the helmet of Hades, the kibisis or wallet, and the talaria or winged sandals. [...] Other versions made him receive the helmet and talaria from Hermes. On the early monuments the helmet of Hades is like the petasus of Hermes, and the sandals are winged, but in many other works of art, such as mirrors or gems, the talaria are represented as wings, which he attaches to his feet.

1854 May 25, Samuel Birch, “V. On a Vase Representing an Adventure of Perseus.”, in Archaeologia: Or, Miscellaneous Tracts Relating to Antiquity, London: Published by the Society of Antiquaries of London; printed by J[ohn] B[owyer] Nichols and Sons, […], published 1855, →OCLC, page 56:

With his horizon all his own, yet he a poor man, born to be poor, with his inherited Irish poverty or poor life, his Adam's grandmother and boggy ways, not to rise in this world, he nor his posterity, till their wading webbed bog-trotting feet get talaria to their heels.

1854 August 9, Henry D[avid] Thoreau, “Baker Farm”, in Walden; or, Life in the Woods, Boston, Mass.: Ticknor and Fields, →OCLC, page 225:

It was the god Hermes, he who conducted souls to the Elysian fields, the slender, agile, elegant figure, beautiful in its sinuous motion, with the petasus on his head and the winged talaria on his ankles, that I beheld floating over me.

1867 May, W. W. S., “A Modern Magician”, in Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine, volume CI, number DCXIX, Edinburgh: William Blackwood & Sons, […], →OCLC, page 566:

(Greek mythology, Roman mythology) The winged sandals worn by certain gods and goddesses, especially the Roman god Mercury (and his Greek counterpart Hermes).


significator

In this diagram there was one significator which pressed remarkably upon our astrologer's attention. ― Sir W. Scott

(astrology) A planet that is supposed to rule something.

significateur

In fact, I have fallen out of the habit of separating a significator from the deck because most layouts have positions to indicate the role that a person is acting out, or that otherwise reflect his status and state of mind.

2001, Janina Renée, Tarot for a New Generation, Llewellyn Worldwide, →ISBN, page 17:

(cartomancy) A card representing a querent, question, or situation.


psychologism

en-noun

psychologism (countable and uncountable, plural psychologisms)

(philosophy) The tendency to describe things in psychological or subjective terms


aspected

Ficinus, cap. 19, saith they are most prone to this burning lust, that have Venus in Leo in their horoscope, when the Moon and Venus be mutually aspected […]

1624, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], The Anatomy of Melancholy: […], 2nd edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC, partition III, section 2, member 2, subsection i:

(astrology, obsolete) Subject to a particular planetary aspect.


satellitium

(astrology) A grouping of several planets in a sign.


horseness

(philosophy) The quality of being a horse.


discursus

Borrowed from Latin discursus. Doublet of discourse.

(logic) argumentation; ratiocination; discursive reasoning


discursion

discursion (countable and uncountable, plural discursions)

discursions (plural)
discorsioun (alternative)

/dɪˈskɜːʃən/

/dɪˈskɜːʒən/

From Latin discursiō, from discurrō (“I run to and fro”); compare the English discurre, discurrent, discursation, and discurse.

(philosophy) Ratiocination; step-by-step philosophical reasoning, as opposed to intuition.


obvert

en-verb

obvert (third-person singular simple present obverts, present participle obverting, simple past and past participle obverted)

obverts (present singular third-person)
obverting (participle present)
obverted (participle past)
obverted (past)

(transitive, logic) To infer by obversion; too convert a proposition to its obverse.


explicandum

(logic) That which is to be explained or explicated


antimechanism

(philosophy) A belief that opposes mechanism.


antimechanistic

en-adj

antimechanistic (comparative more antimechanistic, superlative most antimechanistic)

more antimechanistic (comparative)
most antimechanistic (superlative)

(philosophy) Rejecting or opposing mechanism.


Hermaphroditus

From Latin, from Ancient Greek Ἑρμαφρόδιτος (Hermaphróditos, from Ἑρμῆς (Hermês) + Ἀφροδίτη (Aphrodítē)).

bor

Ἑρμαφρόδιτος

(Greek mythology) The son of Hermes and Aphrodite who merged bodies with a naiad.


semisquare

semisquares (plural)
semi-square (alternative)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-semisquare.wav

(astrology) An aspect made by two planets when they are 45 degrees apart from each other.


moral suasion

Coordinate term: jawboning

The temperance movement also exacerbated ethnic tensions. Before 1850 this movement had been primarily one of self-denial and moral suasion aimed at persuading the Protestant middle and working classes to cast out demon rum and become sober, hard-working, upward-striving citizens.

1988, James McPherson, Battle Cry for Freedom, Oxford, published 2003, page 133:

(ethics) Persuasion brought to bear by appeals to someone's moral sense or ethics.


Puck

From puck (“mischievous spirit”), from Middle English pouke, from Old English pūca (“goblin, demon”), from Proto-Germanic *pūkô (“a goblin, spook”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)pāug(')- (“brilliance, spectre”). Cognate with Icelandic púki, dialectal Swedish puke (“devil”), Middle Low German spūk (“apparition, ghost”), German Spuk (“a haunting”). More at spook.

cog

(mythology) A mischievous sprite in Celtic mythology and English folklore.


anthropodicy

en-noun

anthropodicy (countable and uncountable, plural anthropodicies)

/ˌænθɹəʊˈpɒdɪsi/

/ˌænθɹoʊˈpɑdɪsi/

Blend of anthropo- (prefix meaning ‘human beings, people’) + theodicy (“justification of a deity or of particular attributes of a deity; specifically, a justification of the existence of evil and suffering in the world”). Anthropo- is derived from Ancient Greek ἄνθρωπος (ánthrōpos, “human being, person; all human beings, mankind”), ultimately possibly Pre-Greek; while the -dicy element of theodicy is from Ancient Greek δῐ́κη (dĭ́kē, “justice; judgment, order; law; right”), and ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *deyḱ- (“to point out”).

der

[T]he next two [devices or arguments] urge that these distresses are the prices paid for certain compensating advantages to the animals, notably existence. I have some difficulty believing that they are seriously intended, for they would, without alteration, justify the vilest imaginable human slavery and oppression. Nor is it generally true nowadays—though once it was—that those who offer such anthropodicies are much impressed by them in their original form, as theodicy.

1977, Stephen R[ichard] L[yster] Clark, “Devices of the Heathen”, in The Moral Status of Animals, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Clarendon Press, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 59:

(Christianity, philosophy) An attempt, or an argument attempting, to justify that human beings are fundamentally good despite the commission of evil acts by some people.

ანთროპოდიცეა

attempt, or argument attempting, to justify that human beings are fundamentally good


implicator

Residuated implicators are quite important since a t-norm T and an implicator I can only satisfy the residuation principle T(x,y) ≤_L z ⇔ y ≤_L I(x,z) if and only if the implicator I equals the residuated implicator I_T.

2008, M. Nachtegael, P. Sussner, T. Mélange, E.E. Kerre, “An Interval-Valued Fuzzy Morphological Model Based on Lukasiewicz-Operators”, in Jacques Blanc-Talon, Salah Bourennane, Wilfried Philips, Dan Popescu, Paul Scheunders, editors, Advanced Concepts for Intelligent Vision Systems: 10th International Conference, ACIVS 2008, Juan-les-Pins, France, October 2008, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science; 5259), Springer, →ISBN, page 605:

(logic) The antecedent of an implication.


Hygiea

From Latin Hygēa, Hygīa, from Ancient Greek Ὑγίεια (Hugíeia), Ὑγεία (Hugeía).

(Greek mythology) Ancient Greek goddess of health, cleanliness, and sanitation. Her Roman name is Hygēa/Hygīa or Salus.


perceptum

(philosophy) Something that is perceived.


Belial

From Latin Bĕlĭal, from Hebrew בְלִיַּעַל.
Of uncertain origin. It has been conventionally been interpreted as בְּלִי (“without”) + a word meaning "use" (hence "useless, worthless"), but it is unclear what the latter word is.

bor

Hebrew בְלִיַּעַל

Here, too, the poet calls attention to Belial's role as one who blurs the borderline between essence and appearance: Belial himself seems fair (physically attractive), but is empty inside, and Milton was surely aware that in Hebrew the first syllable of the fallen angel's name means without.

2016 February 24, Nancy Rosenfeld, The Human Satan in Seventeenth-Century English Literature: From Milton to Rochester, Routledge, →ISBN, page 93:

(mythology) A wicked demon in Christian and Jewish apocrypha.

بليعال

a wicked demon in Christian and Jewish apocrypha


hyperjump

(mathematics, logic) A form of Turing jump in hyperarithmetic.


Atalanta

From Ancient Greek Ἀταλάντη (Atalántē, “balanced”), from ἀ- (a-, “used to express unity”) + τάλαντον (tálanton, “balanced”).

der

36 Atalante
Atalanta
Guido Reni
Hippomenes

It is the Arcadian Atalanta, the daughter of Iasus and Clymene, who is primarily known from the tales of the Calydonian boar hunt and the Argonauts. The Boeotian version of Atalanta is the daughter of King Schoeneus and is primarily noted for her skill in the footrace. In both versions of the myth, Atalanta was a local figure allied to the goddess Artemis.^([Wikipedia])

Abandoned at birth by her parents, Iasus and Clymene, Atalanta was raised by bears and later rescued by a hunter who taught her the ways of mortals. When Atalanta found fame as a runner and marksman, her parents reclaimed her.

2001, Suzanne I. Barchers, From Atalanta to Zeus, Greenwood Publishing Group (Teacher Ideas Press), page 17:

(Greek mythology) A huntress and heroine in Greek mythology, renowned for her great speed and strength; depending on the version of the myth, either the daughter of Iasus (a prince of Arcadia) by Clymene or of King Schoeneus of Boeotia.


Russell's teapot

From a teapot described in an article written in 1952 by Bertrand Russell, Is There a God?.

(philosophy) A china teapot which hypothetically orbits the Sun between Earth and Mars, which is too small to be detected by telescopes but cannot be proven not to exist.


celestial teapot

en-noun

celestial teapot (plural celestial teapots)

Yet strictly we should all be teapot agnostics: we cannot prove, for sure, that there is no celestial teapot.

2006 September 18, Richard Dawkins, The God Delusion, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OL, page 52:


Last Thursdayism

The statement is on the order of Last Thursdayism; it can never be proven or disproven.

1991 June 3, Ken Arromdee, “Re: Firewalking”, in sci.skeptic (Usenet), retrieved 2010-09-30, message-ID <10836@emanon.cs.jhu.edu>:

Any memories you might have of the past were created in your head when you were created, just as the fossils were placed in the rocks to look as if they were from the ancient past. This idea is nicknamed “Last Thursdayism” by the famous philosopher Bertrand Russell as in “the world might have been created last Thursday—how would we know the difference?”

2007 December 15, Donald R. Prothero, “The Nature of Science”, in Evolution: what the fossils say and why it matters, New York: Columbia University Press, →ISBN, page 9:

Last Thursdayism is a response to omphalism which posits that, by the same logic, the world might have been created last Thursday (or, by implication, any given date and time), but with the appearance of age: people's memories, history books, fossils, light already on the way from distant stars, and so forth.

2009, William Powell, “Creation Theology”, in Philosophy of Scientific Creationism, New Delhi: Global Vision Publishing House, page 224:

(philosophy) The proposition that the universe began to exist last Thursday, with the appearance of age and history.


amoralism

amoralism (usually uncountable, plural amoralisms)

Acknowledging the force of that intuition is, however, quite compatible with the possibility of amoralism.

1988, David McNaughton, Moral vision: an introduction to ethics, page 139:

(philosophy) doctrine which advocates absence of, or indifference towards any morality.

निर्नैतिकतावाद

doctrine which advocates ignoring moral issues and norms


Silenus

As a goat he [Dionysus] can hardly be separated from the minor divinities, the Pans, Satyrs, and Silenuses, all of whom are closely associated with him and are represented more or less completely in the form of goats.

1890, James George Frazer, The Golden Bough, volume 2, page 34:

(Greek mythology) A companion and tutor to the wine god Dionysus.


for cause

Section 863. Removal of Guardian for Cause.—The court of chancery may remove all guardians, whether appointed by probate tribunals or by the court itself, or by testament, or by the legislature, whenever the guardian abuses his trust, or the interests of the ward require it.

1889, John Davison Lawson, Rights, Remedies, and Practice, at Law, in Equity, and Under the Codes, volume 2, Bancroft Whitney, page 1556:

A common bee will sting and kill another common bee, for cause, but when it is necessary to kill the queen other ways are employed.

c. 1917, Mark Twain, Concerning Tobacco:

As a result, Grace said, its directors decided "to request Mr. Bolduc's resignation, but not to seek his termination for cause."

1995 April 10, John Greenwald et al., “Sex, Lies and W. R. Grace”, in Time:

The court noted this August, that an employee can be fired for cause based on incompetence, if he or she consistently fails to meet reasonable standards.

2009 October 28, “Incompetence is cause for firing”, in Financial Post, Canada, retrieved 2010-10-19:

(law, ethics) For a legitimate, specific reason; with justification.


with cause

(law, ethics) Alternative form of for cause


outness

outness (usually uncountable, plural outnesses)

* out + -ness.
** (philosophy): Possibly coined by George Berkeley for his 1709 Essay Towards a New Theory of Vision
** (sexuality): Popularised by Lynne Pearlman in her 1989 thesis Theorizing Lesbian Oppression and the Politics of Outness in the Case of Waterman v. National Life Assurance.

From what we have shewn it is a manifest Consequence, that the Ideas of Space, Outness, and things placed at a distance are not strictly speaking, the Object of Sight.

1709, George Berkeley, Towards a New Theory of Vision:

(philosophy) The collective of things that are distinct from the observer.

Distance means degree of outness of one thing from another; but it presupposes outness as a fact and a conception.

(philosophy) The property of being distinct.


graphoid

(logic) A set of statements of the form, "X is irrelevant to Y given that we know Z" where X, Y and Z are sets of variables, which can be manipulated by a set of axioms concerning informational irrelevance and its graphical representation.


counterproof

It seems that ghosts and legendary encounters in general thrive under the protection of law because their extranormal statements and implications require proof and provoke the less convincing counterproof.

2001, Linda Dégh, Legend and Belief: Dialectics of a Folklore Genre, page 4:

(logic) A proof that contradicts a given statement.


Juventas

(Roman mythology) The goddess of youth, and a daughter of Jupiter and Juno. Juventas was the cupbearer of the gods until she married her paternal halfbrother, Hercules, with whom she had twin sons, Alexiares and Anicetus. She is the Roman counterpart of Hebe.


Telemachus

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-Telemachus.wav

From Ancient Greek Τηλέμαχος (Tēlémakhos).

(Greek mythology) the son of Odysseus and Penelope


Laertes

(Greek mythology) the father of Odysseus


Diomedes

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-Diomedes.wav

Borrowed from Latin Diomēdēs, from Ancient Greek Διομήδης (Diomḗdēs).

(Greek mythology) a hero in Greek mythology, mostly known for his participation in the Trojan War


duat

(Egyptology, Egyptian mythology) The realm of the dead in Egyptian mythology.


transworld

But it doesn't really come to the same thing, because the usual notion of a criterion of transworld identity demands that we give purely qualitative necessary and sufficient conditions for someone being Nixon.

1972, Saul Kripke, Naming and Necessity, page 46:

If we start with transworld individuals which exist in several possible worlds, we can, as Lewis pointed out, construct world-specific individuals as ordered pairs, of which the first member is a transworld individual and the second member is a possible world ...

1979, Robert Merrihew Adams, “Theories of Actuality”, in The Possible and the Actual: Readings in the Metaphysics of Modality:

Although this approach avoids the problem of specifying transworld identity relations, it provokes another objection concerning the essential properties that must be attributed to any individual in a world in which the individual exists.

1988, William Bechtel, Philosophy of Mind: An Overview for Cognitive Science:


Jade Emperor

/ˈd͡ʒeɪd ˈɛmpəɹə/

/ˈd͡ʒeɪd ˈɛmpɹə/

/ˈd͡ʒeɪd ˈɛmpəɹɚ/

/ˈd͡ʒeɪd ˈɛmpɹɚ/

Calque of Chinese 玉皇 (Yùhuáng) or 玉帝 (Yù Dì, “Jade Emperor”).

(Chinese mythology) The lord of the Celestial Hierarchy, ruling over Heaven, Earth, and Hell.


Jaya

Borrowed from Sanskrit जय (jaya, literally “victory”).

bor+

(mythology) One of the demigod gatekeepers (the other being Vijaya) of the abode of Vishnu.


apodictically

en-adv

apodictically (comparative more apodictically, superlative most apodictically)

more apodictically (comparative)
most apodictically (superlative)


Eurus

For a Tempeſt. Take Eurus, Zephyr, Auſter and Boreas, and caſt them together in one Verſe. Add to theſe of Rain, Lightning, and of Thunder (the loudeſt you can) quantum ſufficit. Mix your Clouds and Billows well together till they foam, and thicken your Deſcription here and there with a Quickſand. Brew your Tempeſt well in your Head, before you ſet it a blowing.

1714 June 10, [Alexander Pope], The Guardian, volume I, number 78, London: Printed for J[acob] Tonson, at Shakespear's-Head over-against Catherine-street in the Strand, page 332:

(Greek mythology) The god of the East Wind, autumn, protection, comfort, balance, preservation, change, adulthood and maturity.


Boreas

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Βορέᾱς (Boréās).

1714 June 10, [Alexander Pope], “A Receit to make an Epick Poem”, in The Guardian, volume I, number 78, London: Printed for J[acob] Tonson, at Shakespear's-Head over-against Catherine-street in the Strand, page 332:

BOREAS, one of the four Cardinal Winds, and one of the Deities of the Heathens, was the Son of Aſtræus and Aurora, and had his Seat at Thrace. Pindar calls him the King of Winds. [Footnote numbers omitted.]

1735, Pierre Bayle with Pierre des Maizeaux, The Dictionary Historical and Critical of Mr Peter Bayle. The Second Edition, Carefully Collated with the Several Editions of the Original; in which many Passages are Restored, and the Whole Greatly Augmented, particularly with a Translation of the Quotations from Eminent Writers in Various Languages. To which is Prefixed, the Life of the Author, Revised, Corrected, and Enlarged, by Mr Des Maizeaux, Fellow of the Royal Society, 2nd edition, volume II, London: Printed for J. J. and P. Knapton; [et al.], →OCLC, page 78:

Orithya was the daughter of Erectheus, and the prieſteſs of Boreas; for each of the winds has a preſiding deity, which the teleſtic art, or the art pertaining to ſacred myſteries, religiouſly cultivates. […] Orithya, therefore, becoming enthusiastic, being poſſeſſed by her proper God Boreas, and no longer energizing as a human being (for animals ceaſe to energize according to their own peculiarities, when poſſeſſed by ſuperior causes), died under the inſpiring influence, and thus was ſaid to have been raviſhed by Boreas.

1804, Plato, “The Phædrus”, in Floyer Sydenham, Thomas Taylor, transl., The Works of Plato, viz. His Fifty-five Dialogues, and Twelve Epistles, Translated from the Greek; Nine of the Dialogues by the Late Floyer Sydenham, and the Remainder by Thomas Taylor: with Occasional Annotations on the Nine Dialogues Translated by Sydenham, and Copious Notes, by the Latter Translator; in which is Given the Substance of nearly all the Existing Greek Ms. Commentaries on the Philosophy of Plato, and a Considerable Portion of such as are already Published. In Five Volumes, volume I, London: Printed for Thomas Taylor, by R. Wilks, Chancery-Lane; and sold by E. Jeffery, and R. E. Evans, Pall-Mall, page 293, footnote 2:

The promotion of Pan is matched by the new attention Athens paid to Boreas, god of the north wind, after he destroyed the Persian fleet off Artemision (Herodotus, 7.189) A tradition (λέγεται δε λόγος) held that the Athenians prayed to the god before the battle to assist them, the equivalent of the prebattle encounter between Pan and Pheidippides. As in the complaint of Pan, the god Boreas was remembered as assisting the Greeks before, in this case by having sent a storm off Mount Athos during the expedition under Mardonios (6.44.2).

1995, Sarah P. Morris, Daidalos and the Origins of Greek Art, Princeton University Press, →ISBN, page 322:

One very windy day, the god Boreas became a citizen of the town of Thurii, the new Sybaris in Magna Graecia. In more concrete terms, in 397 b.c. Dionysius of Syracuse, at war with the Carthaginians, launched an expedition of three hundred ships crammed with armed men – hoplites, men of bronze – against Thurii. The North Wind was blowing against them, and Boreas wrecked the ship. It was a disaster for Dionysius, but the citizens of Thurii, saved by the god Boreas, passed a decree granting citizenship to the wind.

2000, Giulia Sissa with Marcel Detienne, “When the Olympians Donned the Citizen's Costume”, in Janet Lloyd, transl., The Daily Life of the Greek Gods, Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, →ISBN, page 137:

(Greek mythology) The god of the North Wind.


eliminativistic

en-adj

eliminativistic (comparative more eliminativistic, superlative most eliminativistic)

more eliminativistic (comparative)
most eliminativistic (superlative)

(philosophy) Of or pertaining to eliminativism.


ice giant

The drops became living by the power of him who had sent the wind ; and from them sprang Ymir, the ice-giant.

1832, Francis Lieber, Edward Wigglesworth, Thomas Gamaliel Bradford, editors, Encyclopædia Americana; A Popular Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, Literature, History, Politics, and Biography, volume 9, Philadelphia: Carey and Lea, page 317:

The three sons of Borr, Othin, Wili, and We, grandsons of Buri, the first man, slay Ymir, the father of the Hrimthursar or Ice giants, and his body serves them for the construction of the world.

1879, “The Deluge: Its Tradition in Ancient Nations”, in The Contemporary Review, volume 36, London: Strahan and Company Limited, translation of Le déluge et l'épopée babylonnienne by François Lenormant, page 484:


Great Sky River

Translation of the name of the night sky phenomenon in several Native American cultures.

(mythology, astronomy) The Milky Way, the night sky visual phenomenon caused by dense regions of the Milky Way Galaxy appearing nebulous. (Used especially in Native American contexts.)


Silvery River

(mythology, astronomy) the Milky Way, the night sky visual phenomenon caused by dense regions of the Milky Way Galaxy appearing nebulous (generally found when referring to East Asians in a historical context, situated in East Asia)


Takamagahara

Borrowed from Japanese 高天原, literally "the plain of high heaven".

(Japanese mythology) A place in Japanese mythology, the dwelling-place of the kami, said to be connected to the Earth by a bridge.


Aphroditus

From Ancient Greek Ἀφρόδιτος (Aphróditos), masculine form of Ἀφροδίτη (Aphrodítē).

(Greek mythology) A male Aphrodite, from Cyprus, represented as a herm with a phallus, who in later mythology became known as Hermaphroditus, the son of Hermes and Aphrodite.


matutine

From Latin matutinus (“pertaining to morning”), from Matuta (“Roman goddess of the morning”); related to Latin maturus (“early”) (compare mature).

uder

1817, Ebenezer Sibly, The New and Complete Illustration of the Celestial Science of Astrology, Volume 2, Revised Edition, 1822 printing, page 1031,
If, at the time of the matutine ſetting of the Dolphin, there be ſhowers, there will be none at the riſing of Arcturus. […] The matutine riſing of the greater Dog begetteth heat, troubleth the ſeas, and changeth all things.

Matutine planets are those which in their rising precede the Sun.[…]We must also know in what conditions the matutine star rejoices and in what the vespertine star rejoices, for they are protected in a favorable position whenever they precede the Sun.

1975, Julius Firmicus Maternus, translated by Jean Rhys Bram, Ancient Astrology Theory And Practice: Matheseos libri VIII, page 39:

The star indicates much trouble for the native in whose chart it is matutine rising or setting, but if the aspect is matutine culmination Arcturus brings riches and honor.

1990, George Noonan, Fixed Stars and Judicial Astrology, page 14:

(astrology) Before the sun (of the rising of a planet or star); that rises before the sun (of a planet or star).


MIB

en-noun

MIB (countable and uncountable, plural MIBs)

(US, ufology, conspiracy theorists) Initialism of man in black.

(US, in the plural) Initialism of men in black.

Initialism of man in black.
Initialism of men in black.


Daedalus

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-Daedalus.wav

From Latin Daedalus, from Ancient Greek Δαίδαλος (Daídalos).

Daedalus
Daedalus (disambiguation)
Project Daedalus

(Greek mythology) Greek mythological figure who crafted the waxen wings of Icarus.


Frigg

From Old Norse Frigg, from Proto-Germanic *Frijjō. Cognate with the native Old English Frīġ. Doublet of Priya.

Frig (alternative)
Frigga (alternative)
Frija (alternative)

(Germanic mythology, Norse mythology) The wife of Odin, and the Norse/Germanic goddess of married love, the heavens, home and hearth, after whom Friday is named (due to her being identified with Venus).


Saci

(Hinduism, mythology) The goddess of wrath and jealousy in Hindu mythology.


Aphrodisian

en-adj

Aphrodisian (comparative more Aphrodisian, superlative most Aphrodisian)

more Aphrodisian (comparative)
most Aphrodisian (superlative)

From Ancient Greek ἀφροδῑ́σιος (aphrodī́sios) + -an.

suffix

Near-synonym: Venusian

en:pertaining to the Greek goddess Aphrodite

(Greek mythology) Pertaining to the Greek goddess Aphrodite.


positive logic

(logic) A logical system or fragment thereof not containing a negation operator.


classical logic

en-noun

classical logic (countable and uncountable, plural classical logics)

The Lindenbaum-Tarski algebra of propositional classical logic is a Boolean algebra.

(logic) A kind of logic based on the principles that each proposition has a truth value of either "true" or "false", but not both, and that if a proposition were to be both true and false or neither true nor false then a result would be that all propositions would be both true and false.


quaesitum

From Latin quaesitum, from quaerō (“to seek”).

(philosophy) Something sought or required.


logical positivism

logical positivism (usually uncountable, plural logical positivisms)

(philosophy) A 20th-century school of philosophy which held that all knowledge is based on logical inferences from empirical observations.


logical positivist

logical positivist (plural logical positivists)

(philosophy) An adherent of the logical positivism school of philosophy


duck test

From the expression if it looks like a duck, swims like a duck, and quacks like a duck, then it probably is a duck.

(epistemology, philosophy) A form of abductive reasoning, application of intuition, or common sense regardless of technical parameters, to identify an ostensibly unknown subject by observing that subject's characteristics.


cerastes

(mythology) A very flexible horned serpent in Greek legend, said to have no spine and to hide its head in the sand awaiting prey.


De Morgan's law

De Morgan's law (plural De Morgan's laws)

De Morgan's laws (plural)
DM (alternative)

/dɨˈmɔɹɡɪnzˌlɔ/

Named after the British mathematician and logician Augustus De Morgan (1806–1871), who first formulated the laws in formal propositional logic.

Let ‘F’ stand for the state of affairs that consists in finite persons possessing and exercising free will. Let ‘p’ stand for ‘God exists’; ‘q’ for ‘F obtains’; ‘r’ for ‘F poses a serious risk of evil’; and ‘s’ for ‘There is no option available to God that counters F.’ With this in place, the argument may be formalized as follows:
(1) [(p & q) & r] → s Premiss
(2) ~s Premiss
(3) ~[(p & q) & r] 1, 2 MT
(4) ~(p & q) v ~r 3 DM
(5) r Premiss
(6) ~(p & q) 4, 5 DS
(7) ~p v ~q 6 DM
(3) follows from the conjunction of (1) and (2) by modus tollens; De Morgan’s law applied to (3) yields (4); (4) and (5) together lead to (6) by disjunctive syllogism; and another application of De Morgan’s law takes us from (6) to the final conclusion, according to which either God exists or there is free will (but not both).

2004 August, J. L. Schellenberg, “The Atheist’s Free Will Offence”, in International Journal for Philosophy of Religion, volume 56, № 1, pages 11-12:

(mathematics, logic) Either of two laws in formal logic which state that:

The negation of a conjunction is the disjunction of the negations; expressed in propositional logic as: ¬ (𝑝 ∧ 𝑞) ⇔ (¬ 𝑝) ∨ (¬ 𝑞)

The negation of a disjunction is the conjunction of the negations; expressed in propositional logic as: ¬ (𝑝 ∨ 𝑞) ⇔ (¬ 𝑝) ∧ (¬ 𝑞)


Nortia

(mythology) An Etruscan goddess of time, fate, destiny and chance.


equiprimordial

/ˌiːkwɪpɹaɪˈmɔːdɪəl/

Coined by John Macquarrie in his 1960 The Scope of Demythologizing as equi- + primordial, translating Martin Heidegger’s German gleichursprünglich.

If what has been said above on the subject of language and existence has any truth in it, then we must look on the myth as an undifferentiated matrix of meaning. Only later were the various meanings sorted out, but they were all latent in the myth from the beginning. If we may borrow a favourite word of Heidegger, we may say that they are ‘equiprimordial’.

1960, John Macquarrie, The Scope of Demythologizing: Bultmann and His Critics, SCM Press, page 213:

(philosophy) Existing together as equally fundamental ab initio; coöriginal.

gleichursprünglich

existing together as equally fundamental ab initio


coöriginal

/ˌkəʊəˈɹɪdʒənəl/

/ˌkoʊəˈɹɪd͡ʒənəl/

co-original (alternative)
cooriginal (alternative)

It would doubtless be out of place to enter here into any investigation in regard to the origin of our ideas; but I think it will be apparent, that the notion of continuity is coöriginal with that of personal identity, and therefore, antecedent to argumentation[.]

1848, George Clinton Whitlock, Elements of Geometry, Theoretical and Practical, part 1, book 2, § 1, page 63:

Others again deny the evidence of consciousness to the equipoise of the subject and object as coördinate and coöriginal elements; and as the balance is inclined in favor of the one relative or the other, two opposite schemes of psychology are determined.

1859, Sir William Hamilton [lect.] and Henry Longueville Mansel and John Vietch (editors), Lectures on Metaphysics and Logic, volume 1: “Metaphysics”, lecture XVI: “Consciousness, — Violations of Its Authority”, page 206

(philosophy) Existing together ab initio; equiprimordial.


rokurokubi

Borrowed from Japanese 轆(ろく)轤(ろ)首(くび) (rokurokubi).

(Japanese mythology) A yōkai in the form of a person who can stretch their neck to great lengths.


Shirime

(Japanese mythology) A yōkai whose appearance is of a person with an eye in place of the anus.


social contract

social contract (plural social contracts)

In order to grant the rich these pleasures, the social contract is reconfigured. The welfare state is dismantled. […]

2013 May 17, George Monbiot, “Money just makes the rich suffer”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 188, number 23, page 19:

When scammers large and small live better than those creating value in the real economy, the Social Contract has ceased to exist.

2023 April 24, Charles Hugh Smith, America's Social Contract Is Broken:

(philosophy, politics) An implicit agreement or contract among members of a society governing such matters as submission of individuals to the rule of law and acceptable conduct.


Aeaea

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Αἰαία (Aiaía).

(Greek mythology) The mythical island said to be the home of Circe.


Asmodæus

Ligated spelling of Latin Asmodaeus, from Ancient Greek Ἀσμοδαῖος (Asmodaîos), from Hebrew אשמדאי.

der

Hebrew אשמדאי

But the truth was that one Admodæus (an evil spirit, sprung from the incestuous embraces of Naamah and Tubal‐Cain, and amorous of the bride,) had killed them all.

1829, Algernon Herbert, Nimrod, pages 20–21:

(mythology) Archaic spelling of Asmodeus.


supermoon

supermoons (plural)
super moon (alternative)
super-moon (alternative)
Supermoon (alternative)
SuperMoon (alternative)
Super Moon (alternative)
Super-Moon (alternative)

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From super- + moon. Coined by astrologer Richard Nolle in 1979.

coin

And should the moon happen to hit its ever-shifting orbital perigee at the same time that it lies athwart from the sun, we are treated to a so-called supermoon, a full moon that can seem close enough to embrace – as much as 12 percent bigger and 30 percent brighter than the average full moon. […] Some astronomers dislike the whole supermoon hoopla. They point out that the term originated with astrology, not astronomy; that perigee full moons are not all that rare, coming an average of every 13 months; and that their apparently swollen dimensions are often as much a matter of optical illusion and wishful blinking as of relative lunar nearness.

2014 September 7, Natalie Angier, “The Moon comes around again [print version: Revisiting a moon that still has secrets to reveal: Supermoon revives interest in its violent origins and hidden face, International New York Times, 10 September 2014, p. 8]”, in The New York Times:

(astrology, astronomy) A full moon or new moon, when the Earth–Moon distance is in the lowest tenth of its range.

superlluna

a full moon or new moon, when the Earth–Moon distance is in the lowest tenth of its range


super moon

(astrology) Alternative form of supermoon


Supermoon

(astrology, astronomy) Alternative form of supermoon


extensionality

en-noun

extensionality (usually uncountable, plural extensionalities)

ekstensjonalność

the principle of distinguishing only by externally observable properties

(philosophy) The principle that objects are equal if and only if their observed properties are the same, regardless of internal processes that lead to those properties.


phantasia

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Borrowed from Latin phantasia (“fancy, fantasy; imagination”), and from its etymon Ancient Greek φᾰντᾰσῐ́ᾱ (phăntăsĭ́ā, “appearance, look; display, presentation; pageantry, pomp; impression, perception; image”), from φᾰ́ντᾰσῐς (phắntăsĭs) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-ĭ́ā, suffix forming feminine abstract nouns). Φᾰ́ντᾰσῐς (Phắntăsĭs) is derived from φᾰντᾰ́ζω (phăntắzō, “to make visible, show; to become visible, appear; to imagine”), from φαίνω (phaínō, “to appear; to reveal; to shine”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂- (“to shine”). The English word is a doublet of fancy, fantasia, fantasy, and phantasy.

doublet

Phantasia, then, is the animal's awareness of some object or state of affairs, which may well prove to be an object of desire. [...] I am thirsty; I have (in the absence of the object) a phantasia of drink. [...] Phantasia can also be used to account for delusion in practical cases: "Poor dog, he saw that as water (or as drink) when it was really ammonia solution."

1978, Martha Craven Nussbaum, Aristotle’s De Motu Animalium […], Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, published 1985, →ISBN, page 261:

[T]he possibility of eating a piece of pie might be presented to you by your seeing it on the kitchen table. This stage is called phantasia, presentation or impression. Corresponding to a phantasia is a lekton, a proposition or sayable, for example, it is fitting for me to eat that piece of pie, which the agent entertains but does not necessarily endorse when she has a phantasia.

1994, Derk Pereboom, “Stoic Psychotherapy in Descartes and Spinoza”, in Genevieve Lloyd, editor, Spinoza: Critical Assessments, volumes I (Context, Sources and the Early Writings), London, New York, N.Y.: Routledge, published 2001, →ISBN, section I, page 150:

Chrysippus called 'experience' the "treasury of phantasias", [...] According to Chrysippus, the phantasias burdened with appearances can be distinguished from the true ones by the mobilization of former groups of phantasias and by the operations with them.

2005, Mihály Szívós, “Temporality, Reification and Subjectivity: Carneades and the Foundations of the World of Subjectivity”, in Pierluigi Barrotta, Marcelo Dascal, editors, Controversies and Subjectivity (Controversies; 1), Amsterdam, Philadelphia, Pa.: John Benjamins Publishing Company, →ISBN, →ISSN, section 4.2 (The Temporalization of the Cognition Process I), page 216:

Everything in the created world has to be understood not just an appearance or image—a phantasia, in [John Scotus] Eriugena's vocabulary—but as at the same time a divine revelation or manifestation, [...]

2014, Dermot Moran, “‘The Secret Folds of Nature’: Eriugena’s Expansive Concept of Nature”, in Alfred Kentigern Siewers, editor, Re-imagining Nature: Environmental Humanities and Ecosemiotics, Lewisburg, Pa.: Bucknell University Press; Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield, →ISBN, part II (Medieval Natures), page 109:

(philosophy) A phantasm (an impression received through the senses) or the faculty of receiving or representing these impressions.


decumbiture

/dɪˈkʌmbɪt͡ʃɚ/

From Latin dēcumbo (“lie or fall down”).

By casting a figure for the decumbiture, or moment when the patient felt ill, and by resolving a question on the sight of his urine, the astrological doctor claimed to be able to diagnose the disease, prescribe the treatment, foretell when the sickness would reach its crisis, and prognosticate its eventual outcome.

1971, Keith Thomas, Religion and the Decline of Magic, Folio Society, published 2012, page 277:

(astrology, now historical) The time one takes to one's bed during an illness, as used for astrological prognostications; or a chart drawn up to express this.


Œneus

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Οἰνεύς (Oineús).

Oeneus (alternative)
Oineus (alternative)

For they ſay, that Œneus who reigned in Ætolia, being driven from his kingdom by the ſons of Agrius, fled to Diomed at Argos; and that Diomed led an army into Calydonia, and revenged the injuries of Œneus, but told him, that he could not remain in his dominions.

1794, Pausanias, The Description of Greece, (translated from Greek) volume I, chapter XXV, page #206

(Greek mythology) King of Calydon; husband of Althaea.


Œcles

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Οἰκλῆς (Oiklês).

Oecles (alternative)
Oikles (alternative)

The gods in those days were sometimes mortals who are still worshipped, Aristæus, and Britomartis of Crete, and Hercules, the son of Alcmena, and Amphiarus, the son of Œcles, and beside them Castor and Pollux.

1917, Pausanias, quoted by Donald Mackenzie in Myths of Crete and Pre‐Hellenic Europe, re‐published by Forgotten Books, page 298

(Greek mythology) Son of Mantius and father of Amphiaraus.


antiperistasis

en-noun

antiperistasis (usually uncountable, plural antiperistases)

[T]here are in the moſt depraved and venemous diſpoſitions, certain pieces that remaine untoucht, vvhich by an Antiperiſtaſis become more excellent, or by the excellency of their antipathies are able to preſerve themſelves from the contagion of their enemies vices, and perſiſt intire beyond the generall corruption.

1642, Tho[mas] Browne, “The Second Part”, in Religio Medici. […], 4th edition, London: […] E. Cotes for Andrew Crook […], published 1656, →OCLC, section 10, page 159:

(philosophy) The heightening of the force of an opposing process.

antyperystaza

the heightening of the force of an opposing process


Œnomaus

This ſeemed totally impoſſible, and to render it more terrible, Œnomaus declared that death would be the conſequence of a defeat in the ſuitors.

1797 C.E., John Lemprière, Bibliotheca Classica, third edition, MY, page #519

For every suitor, he presented the challenge of a chariot race across the Peloponnese to the Isthmus of Corinth. If the challenger won, he got to marry the girl. If he lost, the king would kill him. Oenomaüs was weighed down with his full armor— probably so as to be ready to murder the challenger who would lose[…]

2015 July 6, Richard A. Spencer, Harry Potter and the Classical World: Greek and Roman Allusions in J.K. Rowling's Modern Epic, McFarland, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 235:

(Greek mythology) Alternative form of Oenomaus


Urs

(Sufism) The death anniversary of a Sufi saint, usually held at the dargah.


Œnotrus

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Οἴνωτρος (Oínōtros).

[…] yet I hold it to have been a very ancient dialect, (probably brought into Latium by Œnotrus and his Arcadians, 17 generations before the Trojan war), which came off from the parent language before it was completely formed.

1789, James Burnett Monboddo, chapter III, in Of the Origin and Progress of Language, volume V, J. Balfour, page 91:

(Greek mythology) One of the younger sons of Lycaon.


suppositio

(philosophy of language) The interpretation given to a term in a specific context.


blank canvas

blank canvas (plural blank canvases or blank canvasses)

blank canvases (plural)
blank canvasses (plural)

By analogy with artists who begin with a blank canvas, thereby possessing the freedom to shape it according to their creative inclinations.

After his ex-wife moved out, his life was a blank canvas.

Her gaze was wide while she was wondering; then her lids drooped low, and lower, as on the blank canvas of her mental view there grew laboriously a conception.

1903, Leonard Merrick, The Quaint Companions:

But when we're truly engaged with the blank canvas of our lives, moment to moment, a timeless quality emerges.

2014, Panache Desai, Discovering Your Soul Signature, Hachette, →ISBN:

(figuratively, also philosophy, epistemology) An unmarked or empty state, offering a limitless potential for creation, development or interpretation.


supervaluationism

(logic) A semantics for dealing with irreferential singular terms and vagueness.


supertruth

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(logic) In supervaluationism, the quality of being supertrue.


supertrue

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"I am happy or I am not happy" is supertrue, because I must be one or the other.

(logic) In supervaluationism, necessarily true regardless of the values of variables.


superfalse

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"I am asleep and I am not asleep" is superfalse, because I can never be both.

(logic) In supervaluationism, necessarily false regardless of the values of variables.


epistemicism

(philosophy) A philosophical position asserting that there are facts about the boundaries of a vague predicate (such as "is thin" or "is bald") which cannot be discovered.


supertask

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One might object that this scenario is truly a fiction, but the recent literature on supertasks shows that, although their reality is definitely still not established, at least its plausibility can be argued for.

2008 January 31, Bart Van Kerkhove, Jean Paul Van Bendegem, “Pi on Earth, or Mathematics in the Real World”, in Erkenntnis, volume 68, number 3, →DOI:

(philosophy) A quantifiably infinite number of operations that occur sequentially within a finite interval of time.


hypertask

(philosophy) An uncountably infinite number of operations that occur sequentially within a finite interval of time.


contrastivist

Now, I am going to argue that the contrastivist should accept a further condition on the knowledge-relation, a further relativization.

2008 April 5, Peter Baumann, “Contrastivism Rather than Something Else? On the Limits of Epistemic Contrastivism”, in Erkenntnis, volume 69, number 2, →DOI:

(philosophy) One who subscribes to contrastivism.


contrastivism

In the last section I proposed to broaden contrastivism with respect to admissible kinds of third relata while in the first section I proposed to restrict it with respect to kinds of knowledge.

(philosophy) An epistemological theory suggesting that knowledge attributions have a ternary structure of the form "S knows that p rather than q", in contrast to the traditional view whereby knowledge attributions have a binary structure of the form "S knows that p".


coherentism

coherentism (countable and uncountable, plural coherentisms)

(philosophy) A form of reasoning where the truth or falsehood of a belief is defined by its coherence with the rest of the believer's knowledge and experiences.

koherentismi

reasoning where the truth of a belief is defined by its coherence with the rest of the believer’s knowledge and experiences


confirmational

Unlike the standard ‘Quine–Putnam’ argument given in Sect. 1, these arguments do not invoke confirmational holism.

2007 September 28, David Liggins, “Quine, Putnam, and the ‘Quine–Putnam’ Indispensability Argument”, in Erkenntnis, volume 68, number 1, →DOI:

(philosophy) Of or pertaining to the confirmation of one theory or observation by others.


foundherentism

But one of the express tenets of foundherentism is that “there need be no privileged class of empirical beliefs justified exclusively by the support of experience, independently of the support of other beliefs” (Haack 1993, p. 19).

2007 October 26, Lydia McGrew, Timothy McGrew, “Foundationalism, Probability, and Mutual Support”, in Erkenntnis, volume 68, number 1, →DOI:

theory of justification
theory of justification

(philosophy) A theory of justification that combines elements from the two rival theories addressing infinite regress: foundationalism and coherentism.


justifiedness

(philosophy) The quality of being justified.


metalogic

metalogic (countable and uncountable, plural metalogics)

(philosophy) The metatheory of logic; the study of properties of logical systems.


deflationism

deflationism (usually uncountable, plural deflationisms)

In “The use of force against deflationism” they argue, against several versions of deflationism, that the concept of truth must play a substantive explanatory role in an adaquate account of assertion.

2008 April 2, Robert Mößgen, “Dirk Greimann and Geo Siegwart, Truth and Speech Acts. Studies in the Philosophy of Language (=Routledge Studies in Contemporary Philosophy, Vol. 5)”, in Erkenntnis, volume 69, number 1, →DOI:

(philosophy) A theory proposing that assertions that predicate truth of a statement do not attribute a property called truth to such a statement.


explanationism

(philosophy) A philosophical system where beliefs are justified by their usefulness in explaining.


thingish

en-adj

thingish (comparative more thingish, superlative most thingish)

more thingish (comparative)
most thingish (superlative)

(However, Sellars vehemently rejects that this would imply they are merely ‘in the eye of the beholder’—despite starting as mere posits of a theoretician, once the theory acquires a certain social status, they become as thingish as a thing can be.)

2008 April 3, Jaroslav Peregrin, “Book Reviews”, in Erkenntnis, volume 69, number 1, →DOI, pages 131–135:

(chiefly philosophy) Like a physical, tangible thing; objective.


denotatum

(linguistics, philosophy) Something that is denoted; a referent.


relationism

(philosophy) The doctrine that relations between things have a real existence.

(philosophy) Karl Mannheim's idea, proposed as a response to relativism, that the recognition of different perspectives according to differences in time and social location appears arbitrary only to an abstract and disembodied theory of knowledge.


representationalist

It seems plausible that the disagreement between the competing representationalist theories traces back to an underlying disagreement about the nature of mental representation.

2008 August 27, Mikkel Gerken, “Is There a Simple Argument for Higher-Order Representation Theories of Awareness Consciousness?”, in Erkenntnis, volume 69, number 2, →DOI:

(philosophy) A subscriber to the philosophy of representationalism.


dispositionalism

My own use of this fundamental principle will be relatively modest: I am not attempting to argue for physicalism over dispositionalism or other alternatives, but only to show that if one is to be a color physicalist, one should tie colors to events.

2007 December 14, Robert Pasnau, “The event of color”, in Philosophical Studies, volume 142, number 3, →DOI:

(philosophy) A tendency to prefer dispositional attribution rather than situational attribution.


inferentialism

This crude inferentialism about recognition, of course, is not often explicitly defended: it is extremely implausible—just on plain phenomenological grounds—that recognition must be a matter of discursive reasoning.

2008 January 8, Markos Valaris, “Two-dimensionalism and the epistemology of recognition”, in Philosophical Studies, volume 142, number 3, →DOI:

(philosophy) Inferential role semantics: an approach to the theory of meaning that identifies the meaning of an expression with its (typically inferential) relationship to other expressions.


mentalistic

mentalistic (comparative more mentalistic, superlative most mentalistic)

more mentalistic (comparative)
most mentalistic (superlative)

So if the current argument gives more evidence for the possibility that the mentalistic paradigm is misguided it might be more prudent for a naturalist to accept this consequence than cling on to its denial.

2008 March 14, Tuomas K. Pernu, “Is knowledge a natural kind?”, in Philosophical Studies, volume 142, number 3, →DOI:

(philosophy) Of or pertaining to mentalism.


consent of the governed

(government, political science, philosophy) A political theory in which a government or set of governments could only be deemed legitimate if it is supported by the people under which it exercises its political influence.


supercapitalism

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Coordinate term: late capitalism

Together, newly powerful shoppers and shareholders of this supercapitalism drove a decline in labor unions and a frenzy by corporations desperate to buy some market advantage in Washington.

2007 September 2, Stephen Kotkin, “Dangers of a Turbocharged Economy”, in New York Times:

(capitalism) Any especially intense and competitive form of capitalism.


Twelve Labours of Hercules

(Greek mythology, Roman mythology) Twelve tasks carried out by the Greek hero Herakles (romanized as Hercules) as his penance.


yokai

From Japanese 妖怪 (yōkai, “ghost, phantom”).

(folklore, Japanese mythology) Any of various supernatural monsters, sometimes shapeshifters, in Japanese folklore.


irrealism

en-noun

irrealism (usually uncountable, plural irrealisms)

(philosophy) The belief that phenomenalism and physicalism are alternative "world-versions", both useful in some circumstances, but neither capable of fully capturing the other.


enstasis

From extasis (Ancient Greek ἔκστασις (ékstasis)), by replacing ex- with en-. Attested in 1948.
From ἐν- (en-, “in”) and ἵστημι (hístēmi, “I stand”).

(philosophy) Contemplation of one's own self.


endurantism

(philosophy) The theory that material objects are persistent three-dimensional individuals wholly present at every moment of their existence.


perdurantism

(philosophy) The theory that material objects have distinct temporal parts throughout their existence, rather than being persistent individuals that move through time.


Latona

From Latin Lātōna, a Latinization of Ancient Greek Λητώ (Lētṓ).

(Roman mythology) The Roman counterpart of the Greek goddess Leto and the mother of Apollo.


nongoodness

An immediate question can be asked: from the point of view of a binary nature, what is the ratio of goodness to nongoodness in our shared nature?

2002, Alan Kam-leung Chan, Mencius: contexts and interpretations, page 27:

(philosophy) The quality of not being good.


Leda

(Greek mythology) The wife of Tyndareus and mother of Helen, Clytemnestra and Castor and Pollux hatched from eggs as a result of a seduction by Zeus in the guise of a swan


Aegeus

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(Greek mythology) A character in the founding myth of Athens.


pre-theoretical

Likewise, the force function can be related in an obvious way to the pre-theoretical notion of how much "push and pull" it takes to set some medium-sized physical object in motion and keep it moving.

1979, Joseph D. Sneed, The Logical Structure of Mathematical Physics:

(philosophy) Arising before any theoretical considerations.


hypercapitalism

Coordinate term: late capitalism

Perhaps Americans will finally choose to stop living in an economic Wild West and at last reject the boom-and-bust cycle of turbocharged hypercapitalism in favor of a more humane, livable society.

2008 March 30, “Letters”, in New York Times:

CCRU members disavowed the leftist pieties of their peers and fused cybernetics, metallurgy, bacteriology, chaos theory, science-fiction and the occult to explore, often in deliriously opaque language, what it meant to be alive in an age of hypercapitalism.

2015 November 16, Sukhdev Sandhu, “How dub master Kode9 became the hero of zero”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:

Under hypercapitalism, the most beautiful things are the surest signs of impending crisis. The nap seems like a luxury, or even a sign of weakness, a regression into infantlike torpor.

2018 December 1, Stephen Marche, “The $25 Nap Is Worth It”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

The collapse of the Soviet Union and Communism at the beginning of the 1990s was very good news, but it had the unfortunate effect of making almost any left critique of America’s new hypercapitalism seem not just quixotic but also kind of corny and quaint.

2020 August 7, Kurt Andersen, “College-Educated Professionals Are Capitalism’s Useful Idiots”, in The Atlantic:

However, the politics are much different. Silicon Valley’s libertarian, technocratic ideals – themselves a curious mutation of the California counterculture – could extend the darker aspects of hyper-capitalism.

2021 February 5, Matt Shaw, “Billionaire capitalists are designing humanity's future. Don't let them”, in The Guardian:

(capitalism) Extreme capitalism at the expense of traditional values.


immaterialistic

en-adj

immaterialistic (comparative more immaterialistic, superlative most immaterialistic)

more immaterialistic (comparative)
most immaterialistic (superlative)

(philosophy) of or pertaining to the philosophy of immaterialism


tokoloshe

tokoloshes (plural)
tikolosh (alternative)
tikoloshe (alternative)
tokolosh (alternative)

Borrowed from Zulu [Term?]. Compare Afrikaans tokkelossie.

(mythology) In Zulu mythology, a mischievous dwarf-like spirit man that can become invisible by drinking water or swallowing a stone.


Zephyrus

From Middle English Zeferus, Zepherus, Zephirus, Zephyrus, from Latin zephyrus, from Ancient Greek Ζέφυρος (Zéphuros). Not related to Latin zephirum (“zero”). Doublet of zefir, zéphire, Zephyr, and zephyr.

doublet

(Greek mythology) The Ancient Greek god of the west wind, supposed to be the gentlest of the winds and the messenger of spring. His parents are Eos/Aurora and Astraeus, and his brothers are Boreas, Notus and Eurus, (the Anemoi), and the Astra Planeta. His wife is Chloris and their son is Karpos. His Roman counterpart is Favonius.


Father Sky

(mythology) The god of the sky in various cultures.


quiddative

en-adj

quiddative (comparative more quiddative, superlative most quiddative)

more quiddative (comparative)
most quiddative (superlative)
quidditative (alternative)

It is that among other distinctions possible among symbols, an indispensable one is that between indicative and quiddative symbols.

1968, C. J. Ducasse, Truth, Knowledge and Causation:

(philosophy) Constituting, or containing, the essence of a thing.


world soul

world souls (plural)
world-soul (alternative)
World Soul (alternative)
World-Soul (alternative)
world's soul (alternative)

You, to whom love was peace, that now is rage;
Who did the whole world's soul contract, and drove
Into the glasses of your eyes

Thanks to the morning light,
Thanks to the seething sea,
To the uplands of New Hampshire,
To the green-haired forest free . . .

1847, Ralph Waldo Emerson, The World-Soul:

NINA: The bodies of all living creatures have dropped to dust, and eternal matter has transformed them into stones and water and clouds; but their spirits have flowed together into one, and that great world-soul am I!

1912, Anton Chekhov, translated by Marian Fell, The Seagull, act 1:

Like many ungainly or otherwise unattractive Scotchmen, he [Thomas Carlyle] was a seer. By which I do not mean to refer so much to his transcendental rhapsodies about the World-soul or the Nature-garment or the Mysteries and Eternities generally.

1913, Gilbert Keith Chesterton, chapter 1, in The Victorian Age in Literature:

During the long nights on the mountain overshadowing Pasadena, he has done a lot of unorthodox thinking about the human mind, the human soul, the World Soul, Cosmic Consciousness, Cosmos, God.

1940 April 29, “Scientist on Immortality”, in Time:

[H]er vision of Sant'Agnese resembles the beautiful Neoplatonist concept of the world soul as a great boat, in which every individual is a member of the crew who rows it through the cosmos for the space of existence, and then merges back into its fabric.

2001 June 3, Marina Warner, “Books: Where Heaven Touches Down”, in New York Times, retrieved 2011-07-19:

(religion, philosophy) A single, unifying spirit believed by some to animate every living being in the world and to underlie the value of every inanimate thing as well.

Weltseele

single, unifying spirit present in every living being


subproposition

(philosophy, mathematics) A proposition making up part of a greater proposition.


warg

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A Song of Ice and Fire
George R. R. Martin
J. R. R. Tolkien

Learned borrowing from Old Norse vargr (“wolf”), reintroduced by J. R. R. Tolkien; compare also Old English wearg. The verb senses emerged from the use of warg in George R. R. Martin's A Song of Ice and Fire novels as a noun referring to a person with a magical skin-changing ability.

lbor

But even the wild Wargs (for so the evil wolves over the Edge of the Wild were named) cannot climb trees. […] Every now and then all the Wargs in the circle would answer their grey chief all together, and their dreadful clamour almost made the hobbit fall out of his pine-tree.

1937 September 21, J[ohn] R[onald] R[euel] Tolkien, “Out of the Frying-pan into the Fire”, in The Hobbit: Or There and Back Again, revised edition, New York, N.Y.: Ballantine Books, published February 1966 (August 1967 printing), →OCLC, page 105:

My question is do all of the executable versions for PC compatibles have the color option enabled? If so, what am I missing to not get say yellow for a hill orc, grey for a goblin, white for my pet, red for a wolf, brown for a warg, etc?

1993, jbatka, “Multiple colors for PC compatible”, in rec.hack (Usenet):

He'd bought a ton of silver to forge magic swords that would slay the Stark wargs.

1999, George R. R. Martin, A Clash of Kings, Bantam, published 2011, page 462:

The monsters are identified not as trolls, a word apparently not available in English at the time, but (among other things) as wargs, whatever that means; Grendel is called a heoro-wearh at line 1267 and his mother a grund-wyrgen at line 1518.

2007, Stephen O. Glosecki, Myth in Northwest Europe:

(fantasy, mythology) A type of particularly wild or hostile wolf.


Neoplatonist

Neoplatonists (plural)
neo-Platonist (alternative)
Neo-Platonist (alternative)

(philosophy) A member of the philosophical school of Neoplatonism.


Neoplatonist

en-adj

Neoplatonist (comparative more Neoplatonist, superlative most Neoplatonist)

more Neoplatonist (comparative)
most Neoplatonist (superlative)
neo-Platonist (alternative)
Neo-Platonist (alternative)


Hippolyte

(Greek mythology) Alternative form of Hippolyta


Leucippus

(philosophy) an Ancient Greek philosopher from Miletus, the founder of atomism and the first thinker in western history to consider determinism as a possibility, disciple of Zeno of Elea


Ceyx

(Greek mythology) A king who was transformed into a kingfisher, together with his wife Alcyone.


Sheffer stroke

Sheffer strokes (plural)
Sheffer's stroke (alternative)

(logic) The vertical bar symbol ( | ), denoting the NAND operation.


SLD

selective linear definite
w:SLD resolution

(logic) Initialism of selective linear definite.


octavation

First attested in 1922; probably formed as octav(e) + -ation, but compare octavate.

This octavation will be qualified (and perhaps rendered nil) if on a day when Uranus is well aspected its octave Mercury should be adversely aspected, or vice versa.

1947, George Llewellyn, Improved Perpetual Planetary Hour Book (rev. ed.), page 170

(astrology, rare) The relationship between two planets that are distant from each other by one eighth of a great circle (45.625 degrees)


wereleopard

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-wereleopard.wav

They are believed to be "Ju-Ju" or were-leopards, and in this guise to roam through the forest in bands, bent on evil and destruction.

1936, Rollo Ahmed, The Black Art, London: Long, page 168:

A) “One of them was a wereleopard; the other was a werewolf; both of them were strippers.”

2008 June 22, Dwight Garner, “Inside the List”, in New York Times:

While there'd been whispers about the Pack being unhappy with me for entangling myself with a wereleopard, Caitlyn wasn't just a wereleopard to me. She was my mate. A wolf didn't choose those kinds of things.

2019, Sarah Makela, The Leopard Who Claimed A Wolf: New Adult Shifter Romance, Kissa Press LLC, →ISBN:

(fantasy, mythology) A shapeshifter who can change between leopard and human form.

léopard-garou

shapeshifter assuming the shape of a leopard


antinaturalist

antinaturalist (comparative more antinaturalist, superlative most antinaturalist)

more antinaturalist (comparative)
most antinaturalist (superlative)

Ms. Callaghan, 36, is a genre-scoffing playwright whose antinaturalist works (“Dead City,” “Crawl, Fade to White”) have earned a downtown following.

2009 March 1, Erik Piepenburg, “Play as Provocation (Jell-O Included)”, in New York Times:

(philosophy, sociology) Opposing or rejecting naturalism.


antinaturalist

(philosophy, sociology) One who opposes or rejects naturalism.


Medea

(Greek mythology) An enchantress who helped Jason obtain the Golden Fleece.


Laocoön

From Latin Lāocoōn, from Ancient Greek Λᾱοκόων (Lāokóōn).

(Greek mythology) A Trojan priest of Poseidon (or Apollo, depending on the author), whose rules he had defied (or whom he had otherwise offended), who tried to warn his fellow citizens against the Trojan horse. He was killed for this, along with his two sons, by giant snakes sent by Minerva (or Poseidon, or Apollo).

(Greek mythology) An Argonaut, son of Porthaon.


Haietlik

(mythology) A mythical sea serpent from Nootka mythology.


Tiresias

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Τειρεσίας (Teiresías).

[…]somewhere a ship's radio was blaring out the latest jazz-hit to reach Alexandria:
Old Tiresias / No one half so breezy as, / Half so free and easy as / Old Tiresias.

1958, Lawrence Durrell, Balthazar, page 35:

1997, Nicole Loraux, translated by Paula Wissing, The Experiences of Tiresias: The Feminine and the Greek Man, Princeton University Press, →ISBN:

The myth associated with how Tiresias became a hermaphrodite reveals much about relations between the sexes.

2004, Leonard Shlain, Sex, Time, and Power: How Women's Sexuality Shaped Human Evolution, page 255:

(Greek mythology) A long-lived blind soothsayer who participated over seven generations in the legendary history of (the Greek city) Thebes, noted also for being transformed into a woman for seven years, so being symbolic of androgyny.


werecat

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-werecat.wav

(fantasy, mythology) A shapeshifter who can change between cat and human form.

貓人 /猫人

shapeshifter assuming the shape of a cat


antiscion

From Ancient Greek ἀντίσκιον (antískion), from ἀντι- (anti-, “opposite”) + σκιά (skiá, “shadow”).

(astrology) The mirror image, or shadow, of a planet, based upon a line of reference which is the axis of 0 Cancer/0 Capricorn (the position of the sun at the solstices).


abstract model

(engineering, logic, mathematics) A model that contains an abstraction or abstractions of the reality.


Niobe

(Greek mythology) A daughter of Tantalus, said to have turned into stone while weeping for her children.


nonego

(philosophy) That part of the psyche excluding the ego


moral compass

From moral (“of or relating to principles of right and wrong in behaviour; conforming to a standard of right behaviour”) + compass (“device used to determine the cardinal directions”), from the fact that a compass indicates various directions on its face (sense 3), and enables its user to find the correct direction to go in (sense 1).

compound

To every sane man in all climes and ages the great Creator has given a moral compass to enable him to avoid the wrong and follow the right. This moral compass we call conscience.

1865 August, “Scripture Cabinet: The Office of Temptation”, in I[saac] W[illiam] Wiley, editor, The Ladies’ Repository: A Monthly Periodical, Devoted to Literature and Religion, volume XXV, Cincinnati, Oh.: Poe & Hitchcock; […], →OCLC, page 504, column 1:

He steered by the guidance of his own peculiar moral compass, regardless of the rough waters through which it led him.

1908, Alice Hegan Rice, chapter VII, in Mr. Opp, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC, page 81:

They hustle and scheme without moral compass, trying to survive by making accommodations that are at best temporary, more often delusional.

1994 November 20, Vincent Canby, “Arts: Sam Shepard Goes to the Races and Wins”, in The New York Times, New York, N.Y.: The New York Times Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2015-05-26:

I think he did absolutely the right thing, because according to his own personal moral compass, interfering with someone else's marriage was a sin.

2010, Anne Tyler, “A Conversation with Anne Tyler”, in Noah’s Compass […] (A Borzoi Book), trade paperback edition, New York, N.Y.: Alfred A[braham] Knopf, →ISBN, page 285:

Popular podcaster and public intellectual Sam Harris, who publicly ended his friendship with Musk, wrote in a January newsletter: “There is something seriously wrong with his moral compass, if not his perception of reality.”

2025 May 30, Joseph Gedeon, quoting Sam Harris, “Elon Musk allegedly took large amounts of drugs including ketamine while advising Trump – report”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:

An inner sense which distinguishes what is right from what is wrong, functioning as a guide for morally appropriate behaviour.

本心

Their catastrophe stemmed from disregarding Christian doctrine: radix malorum est cupiditas (greed is the root of all evil). Without a moral compass, [Robert] Stone's characters cannot even plead ignorance.

1974 November 11, Paul Gray, “Books: Notable: Dog Soldiers by Robert Stone 342 Pages. Houghton Mifflin. $8.95. [review]”, in Time, New York, N.Y.: Time Inc., →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-05-31:

[Philip] Hart is one of those rare men whose ego is smaller than his talents; and whose directness and sense of conscience have led others to regard him as the moral compass of the Senate.

1975 June 18, J[erald] F[ranklin] Terhorst, “Philip Hart—The almost-leader of Supreme Court”, in Robert M. Stiff, editor, Evening Independent, number 195, St. Petersburg, Fla.: Evening Independent, →OCLC, page 18A, columns 5–6:

He writes that Judaism was her moral compass.

1998 December 5, “Diary reveals complex life of southern Jew”, in Miami Herald, number 82, Miami, Fla.: Herald Print. and Pub. Co., →ISSN, →OCLC, page 1G:

A belief system, person, etc. serving as a guide for morally appropriate behaviour.

[W]hile blowing opposite arguments from every point of the moral compass, the adventurous Baron quietly saw himself left to navigate his own vessel his own way, through this storm of his own raising.

1822, Anna Maria Porter, chapter I, in Roche-Blanche; or, The Hunters of the Pyrenees. […], volume I, London: […] [A[ndrew] & R[obert] Spottiswoode] for Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, […], →OCLC, page 19:

Here Mr. Chevy Slyme, whose great abilities seemed one and all to point towards the sneaking quarter of the moral compass, nudged his friend stealthily with his elbow, and whispered in his ear.

1842 December – 1844 July, Charles Dickens, “From which It will Appear that if Union be Strength, and Family Affection be Pleasant to Contemplate, the Chuzzlewits were the Strongest and Most Agreeable Family in the World”, in The Life and Adventures of Martin Chuzzlewit, London: Chapman and Hall, […], published 1844, →OCLC, page 36:

Ideas are our rudders. As the soul glides along the warm and swelling sea of feeling, it can only be turned to new points of the moral compass by them.

1886, David Thomas, “No. CXLII. Conventional Christianity, the Great Hindrance to the Extension of the Christianity in Christ”, in Septem in Uno: The First Seven Volumes of The Homilist in One, […] (Homilistic Library; VIII; The Pulpit of the Nineteenth Century), London: Andrew Crombie, […], →OCLC, page 345:

(archaic) The full range of actions, vices, or virtues, which may affect others and which are available as choices to a person, group, or people in general.


necessarianism

Scholars working on Joseph Priestley have begun to take a proper measure of his philosophical position, known as “necessarianism,” a psychological determinism based on the teachings of the midcentury physician and theologian David Hartley—with, in Priestley′s own case, the addition of materialism. To its enemies, necessarianism seemed rank fatalism, but its adherents found that it both explained the evils about them and offered a sovereign remedy (generally through one or another variety of education) to resolve them and bring mankind to perfection.

1995, Denis G. Paz, Nineteenth-Century English Religious Traditions: Retrospect and Prospect, page 106:

While not acceptable to all Unitarians, the philosophical determinism known as Necessarianism, identified with Hartley and Priestley, also proved persuasive to many, both ministers and laymen.

2000, R. K. Webb, “6: Miracles in English Unitarian Thought”, in Mark S. Micale, Robert L. Dietle, editors, Enlightenment, Passion, Modernity: Historical Essays in European Thought and Culture, page 114:

To cut a long story short, this led to the emergence of a new form of necessarianism. People are conditioned to behave as they do, so freedom is an illusion. This form of necessarianism may be called ‘behaviourist necessarianism’.

2001, Alexander Crombie, An Essay on Philosophical Necessity, page number not shown:

(philosophy, metaphysics, theology) An extreme form of determinism that holds that all phenomena, including the will, are subject to immutable rules of cause and effect; necessitarianism.


Temperance

From temperance. A virtue name first used by Puritans in the 16th century.

(tarot) The fourteenth trump or major arcana card in most traditional Tarot decks.


triple goddess

en-noun

triple goddess (plural triple goddesses)

The goddess Brig was a triple goddess of poetry, smithcraft and healing, along with her two sisters of the same name.

2012, Sharon Paice MacLeod, Celtic Myth and Religion: A Study of Traditional Belief, with Newly Translated Prayers, Poems and Songs, McFarland & Company, Inc., →ISBN, page 51:

(mythology) A female triune deity, either one goddess with three distinct aspects or manifestations, or three goddesses who form a unit.


tableness

When Plato spoke of tableness and cupness, Diogenes the Cynic said: 'I see a table and a cup, to be sure, but not tableness and cupness.' 'Right,' answered Plato; 'for you have eyes wherewith to see the table and the cup, but mind, by which one sees tableness and cupness, you have not (νου̑ν οὐκ ἔχεις).'

1894, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, “First Period, Third Division: Plato and Aristotle”, in E[lizabeth] S[anderson] Haldane, Frances H[elen] Simson, transl., Lectures on the History of Philosophy […], volume II, London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co., […], →OCLC, page 29:

[…] implies a philosophical distinction between bookness and tableness. There is no more requirement to show why an experience cannot be a brain-state than there is to show why a book cannot be a table.

1969, Gerald Eugene Myers, Self: An Introduction to Philosophical Psychology, page 47:

The exceedingly dry joke is that it is not a small table but a small amount of what might be called tableness.

2009 June 12, Ken Johnson, “Close Encounters With Tableness and Chairness”, in The New York Times:

(philosophy) The quality of being a table.


universal value

universal value (plural universal values)

(philosophy) A value that has the same value or worth for all, or almost all, people.

普世價值 /普世价值

a value considered common for all or almost all mankind


Arendtian

en-adj

Arendtian (comparative more Arendtian, superlative most Arendtian)

more Arendtian (comparative)
most Arendtian (superlative)

(philosophy) Of or pertaining to Hannah Arendt (1906–1975), German-American political theorist.

arendtiano

of or pertaining to Hannah Arendt (1906–1975), German-American political theorist