haecceitism

As I've argued, the conjunction of actualism, an attractive view about the nature of possibility, and the plausible thesis that some possible objects are disjoint entails haecceitism. Moreover, if, as the foregoing considerations suggest, there are no serious objections to haecceitism, then the charge that either actualism or the thesis in question is false because their conjunction entails haecceitism is unjustified. Thus, we have a plausible argument for haecceitism.

1986, Gary Rosenkrantz, “On Objects Totally Out of this World”, in Rudolf Haller, editor, Non-existence and Predication [Grazer philosophische Studien; 25/26], Amsterdam: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 207:

[D]espite the commonplace (if sometimes implicit) presumption of haecceitism underlying the work of [Gottfried Wilhelm] Leibniz and his commentators, there is remarkably strong pressure in Leibniz's mature philosophy toward anti-haecceitism.

1999, J. A. Cover with John O'Leary-Hawthorne, Substance and Individuation in Leibniz, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 145:

The haecceity of an individual x is the property of being identical with x, i.e. the property of being that very individual. [David] Kaplan defines Haecceitism as the doctrine that
we can meaningfully ask whether a possible individual that exists in one possible world also exists in another without taking into account the attributes and behavior of the individuals that exist in the one world and making a comparison with the attributes and behavior of the individuals that live in the other world ... [the] doctrine that holds that it does make sense to ask – without reference to common attributes and behavior – whether this is the same individual in another possible world, that individuals can be extended in logical space (i.e., through possible worlds) in much the way we commonly regard them as being extended in physical space and time, and that a common "thisness" may underlie extreme dissimilarity or distinct thisnesses may underlie great resemblance, ...

2005, Nathan U[cuzoglu] Salmon, Metaphysics, Mathematics, and Meaning, Oxford: Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-928176-3, page 204

Haecceitists maintain that individuals have nonqualitative essences, or haecceities, and that qualitatively indiscernible worlds can be indistinct; but they make an even stronger claim. We can take haecceitism to be the view that things have nonqualitative essences, but do not have any qualitative properties essentially. […] According to the kind of haecceitism required by [Robert] Stalnaker, in order for some individual at another possible world to be you, it needs only your haecceity and it could have any other properties. For instance (to borrow an example from Lewis), you could have been a poached egg.

2008, Neil Feit, Belief about the Self: A Defense of the Property Theory of Content, New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, pages 37 and 39:

Haecceitism as such, in the first sense, is neutral about whether a certain horse may not essentially be a horse, or a gold ring be essentially made of gold, or the Queen necessarily have had George VI as her father. Haecceitism, rather, denies that the identity of a substance at a time or its continuing identity over time is constituted by, logically a function of, or dependent on such properties.

2010, Peter Loptson, Reality: Fundamental Topics in Metaphysics, 2nd edition, Ottawa, Ont.: University of Ottawa Press, →ISBN, page 113:

Haecceitism is the view that the identity of an object across possible worlds is brute, in the sense that it does not supervene on the qualities or relations instantiated by that object.

2011, Helen Beebee with Nikk Effingham and Philip Goff, Metaphysics: The Key Concepts, Abingdon, Oxon., New York, N.Y.: Routledge, →ISBN, page 89:

The jargon is of course of medieval origin, but the term ‘haecceitism’ was introduced into contemporary discussions of modal metaphysics by David Kaplan. He characterized the doctrine in highly metaphorical terms, but the basic idea of his way of drawing the distinction was that the haecceitist allows, while the anti-haecceitist rejects, the reducible identification of individuals across possible worlds. According to Kaplan's anti-haecceitist, individuals in different possible worlds may be “clothed in attributes which cause them to resemble one another closely. But there is no metaphysical reality of sameness or difference which underlies the clothes.” The haecceitist, in contrast, holds that for individuals in different possible worlds, “a common ‘thisness’ may underlie extreme dissimilarity or distinct thisness may underlie great resemblance.”

2012, Robert Stalnaker, Mere Possibilities: Metaphysical Foundations of Modal Semantics, Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, →ISBN, page 54:

(philosophy) The view that entities possess haecceity (individual essences or "thisness").


haecceitist

Probably, most of us are Haecceitists with respect to most things through time, but the very inaccessibility of other possible worlds seems to have produced a goodly number of Anti-Haecceitists with respect to trans-world identifications. Even when their quantified modal logics look Haecceitistic, their pre-systematic remarks may explain the so-called identities as a manner of speaking.

1975 November 6, David Kaplan, “How to Russell a Frege–Church”, in The Journal of Philosophy, volume 72, number 19, →DOI, →JSTOR, page 723:

Here we find the dividing line between Haecceitism and anti-Haecceitism. The Haecceitist holds that members of each pair differ from each other. The anti-Haecceitist denies this. This has a consequence for Combinatorialism. The anti-Haecceitist Combinatorialist will countenance fewer possible worlds than the Haecceitist does.

1989, D[avid] M[alet] Armstrong, A Combinatorial Theory of Possibility, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 58–59:

But a naive haecceitist would assert that when he perceives an external object he has a self-evident intuition that he grasps the haecceity of that object. Presumably, if a naive haecceitist grasps a haecceity of an external object in this way, then he can know that he grasps this haecceity.

1993, G[ary] S. Rosenkrantz, Haecceity: An Ontological Essay [Philosophical Studies series; vol. 57], Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, →ISBN, page 215:

[…] I argued that all we have here are just two verbally different formulations to which no ontological distinction corresponds. I called this position anti-haecceitist. A haecceitist was thus defined as one who holds that the two worlds are genuinely different.

1997, D[avid] M[alet] Armstrong, A World of States of Affairs, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 108:

Haecceitists maintain that individuals have nonqualitative essences, or haecceities, and that qualitatively indiscernible worlds can be indistinct; but they make an even stronger claim. We can take haecceitism to be the view that things have nonqualitative essences, but do not have any qualitative properties essentially.

2008, Neil Feit, Belief about the Self: A Defense of the Property Theory of Content, New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 37:

Though a Haecceitist does distinguish between a thing's essential properties and its accidental properties, the lopsided Haecceitist version of the distinction may be felt as less "invidious" than the accessible qualitative one implied by Russellian essentialism or even the inaccessible qualitative one recommended by [Saul] Kripke.

2012, William G. Lycan, Modality and Meaning, Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, →ISBN, page 103:

He [David Kaplan] characterized the doctrine in highly metaphorical terms, but the basic idea of his way of drawing the distinction was that the haecceitist allows, while the anti-haecceitist rejects, the reducible identification of individuals across possible worlds. According to Kaplan's anti-haecceitist, individuals in different possible worlds may be "clothed in attributes which cause them to resemble one another closely. But there is no metaphysical reality of sameness or difference which underlies the clothes." The haecceitist, in contrast, holds that for individuals in different possible worlds, "a common 'thisness' may underlie extreme dissimilarity or distinct thisness may underlie great resemblance."

(philosophy) One who subscribes to haecceitism.


haecceitistic

[T]here are no clear actual cases of individual substances discernible only with respect to relational and haecceitistic properties. On the other hand, there do seem to be pairs of possible individuals which differ only with respect to such properties. Max Black has argued that there is a possible universe containing only two qualitatively indiscernible brass spheres. These spheres will have the same mass, shape, color; be made of the same kind of stuff; and so on. But they will differ with respect to spatial relational properties involving the haecceity of what they're made of, such as being made of this matter, as well as differing with respect to purely haecceitistic properties like being this and impurely haecceitistic properties like being this brass sphere. If, as seems plausible, there are possible universes of the sort Black envisions, then there are individuals that cannot be distinguished save relationally or haecceitistically.

1989, Christopher Hughes, On a Complex Theory of a Simple God: An Investigation in Aquinas' Philosophical Theology, Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, →ISBN, page 202:

Well, the existence of spacetime points is closely tied up with questions of counting of possibilities – so they are vulnerable to elimination in the transition from a haecceitistic means of counting to an anti-haecceitistic one. But in the case of particles we have much more to hang on to.

2003, Gordon Belot, “Notes on Symmetries”, in Katherine Brading, Elena Castellani, editors, Symmetries in Physics: Philosophical Reflections, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 410:

[…] One might wonder whether if x and y share every 'non-haecceitistic property', then x and y are identical (where haecceitistic properties — such as being identical to John or being the daughter of Jim — are those which, in some intuitive way, make direct references to a particular individual(s)). One may be so interested because one thinks that there are not, strictly speaking, haecceitistic properties in reality […]; but even if one tolerates haecceitistic properties, one might think it an interesting metaphysical question whether the restricted thesis is true.

2003, John Hawthorne, “Identity”, in Michael J. Loux, Dean W. Zimmerman, editors, The Oxford Handbook of Metaphysics, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 107:

Many philosophers would admit that there can be purely haecceitistic differences at the level of simples, that is, entities that are not compounds of other entities. Suppose we have two simple particles, call them "Sam" and "Pam." Then, these philosophers would say, there really are distinct possibilities that simply turn on the numerical difference between Sam and Pam, for example, two really distinct possibilities of the following sort. […] Suppose, then, that one admits purely haecceitistic differences between simple particles. The thing to see is that there remains no basis for allowing further purely haecceitistic differences among the sets or sums or complexes or wholes made out of them. That is what undermines bare haecceitism about bodies.

2011, Mark Johnston, Surviving Death, Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, →ISBN, page 115:

My first argument appeals to the role that haecceitistic considerations (considerations to do with identity across states of affairs) play in shaping Mary's preferences. […] I ask her which she prefers, and she replies "I don't know. You have not told me enough about the states of affairs. You have told me, in glorious detail, all the qualitative facts about them, but I need to know some further, irreducibly haecceitistic facts about them in order to know which I prefer. These irreducibly haecceitistic facts matter to me." […] Decent people do not care about merely haecceitistic differences between states of affairs without grounds for so caring.

2013, Caspar Hare, The Limits of Kindness, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, pages 154 and 156:

(philosophy) Of or pertaining to haecceitism.


haecceitic

But that's what I mean, Everett's friends are all tired grey businessmen or engineers or something, and Francine's all seem to be mumbling poets with pimply necks, God it's all so – so haecceitic. I could've gone to Nassau ...

1983, John Sladek, Roderick at Random, or, Further Education of a Young Machine, London, New York, N.Y.: Granada, →ISBN:

Anyhow, the haecceitic individual would argue, as [John] Rawls would say, in virtue of his haecceitic identity alone. Sans qualities envy can neither be attributed nor imputed to him; he is nonanvious [sic: nonenvious?].

1998, A. Pampapathy Rao, Distributive Justice: A Third-world Response to Rawls and Nozick, San Francisco, Calif.: International Scholars Publications, →ISBN, page 62:

It is both diurnal, in that the greeting (and all the actions of Truman's life [Truman Burbank, protagonist in The Truman Show]) is ritualistically repeated at the same moment of each day,and contradictorily synchronic, haecceitic: all time on Truman's island is one time; it is all the time of the moment, where all futurity and historicity is compressed into the endlessly rehearsed and repeated present. […] Haecceitic temporality, or the segmentation of time into dispersed instances whole unto themselves that randomly intersect and cohere into events, is the material of a conspiratorial, destinal history founded on the retrospective forging of connections between these scattered instances.

2000, Patrick O'Donnell, Latent Destinies: Cultural Paranoia and Contemporary U.S. Narrative, Durham, N.C., London: Duke University Press, →ISBN, pages 5 and 147:

The concept of haecceity as "a mode of individuation ... very different from that of a person, subject, thing, or substance" (Deleuze and Guattari, 1987, 261) addresses directly the "agency panic" (Melley, 2000) in an age of paranoia where the grand narrative of classical liberalism is breaking down, for the haecceitic assemblage has agency shared through connections. The objects of passionate attachment are given "voice" in such an assemblage, for example Dawson [Leery]'s love of film, Clark [Kent]'s attachment to the farm, and the alien paraphernalia in Roswell.

2008, Jan Jagodzinski, Television and Youth Culture: Televised Paranoia, New York, N.Y.: Palgrave Macmillan, →ISBN, page 26:

A poem makes connections (that are beyond the poet's control) with a reader's worldly context via the collective assemblages with which that reader has his or her own individuating and haecceitic relation. At the same time, of course, a reader, from his or her own position, makes new connections and new haecceitic relations through a poem and undergoes a process of becoming, the outcome of which cannot be entirely determined beforehand – which is to say that a reader is 'made' by the poem in the sense that she or he becomes something new that would never have existed without the poetic encounter.

2010, Jon Clay, Sensation, Contemporary Poetry and Deleuze: Transformative Intensities, London, New York, N.Y.: Continuum International Publishing Group, →ISBN, pages 125–126:

A kind is haecceitic if it concerns a specified individual. For example, buying Mary a bucket of roses and moving to Dallas are haecceitic kinds. The motivation for this restriction is that normative concepts do not permit mere haecceitic differences to make a normative difference.

2015, Knut Olav Skarsaune, “How to be a Moral Platonist”, in Russ Shafer-Landau, editor, Oxford Studies in Metaethics, volume 10, New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, pages 252–253:

(philosophy) Of or pertaining to haecceity.


atheologist

The turbulent life and fragmentary writings of a third woman, Colette Peignot (1903-38) are also becoming better known in their own right and not simply for the influence they had on those of her lover during the last years of her life, the self-styled "atheologist" Georges Bataille (1897-1962) who, along with others, was responsible for her posthumous mythologization as "Laure."

2004, Richard D. E. Burton, Holy Tears, Holy Blood: Women, Catholicism, and the Culture of Suffering in France, 1840-1970, Cornell University Press, →ISBN, page x:

It would be wrong to use this as a direct proof of God's existence and equally wrong to imagine, along with the atheologists in cosmological physics, that a system of equations can bootstrap its own parameters and constants, also actualizing what is described by those specific equations.

2006, Loyd L. Fueston, To See a World in a Grain of Sand: Reconciling the Saints to Darwin and Einstein, Divorcing the Saints from Smith and Lincoln, Wipf and Stock Publishers, →ISBN, page 114:

In his review of the history of atheism, French atheologist Michel Onfray dates its explicit inception to 1729 and a book published posthumously by the Abbe Jean Meslier, the parish priest of Etrépigny in northeastern France.

2008, Vox Day, The Irrational Atheist: Dissecting the Unholy Trinity of Dawkins, Harris, and Hitchens, BenBella Books, →ISBN:

(philosophy, religion) A scholar and/or proponent of atheism.


haecceitistically

[…] I am contemplating the possibility of being poor Fred in a world just life this one. The Haecceitist will suggest that I have in mind a qualitative duplicate of this world where the nonqualitative determinants of cross-identification somehow link me with the qualitative counterpart of Fred. But this distorts my thought: I thought not just that I might have lived Fred's life, but that I might have been Fred living Fred's life. […] I suggest that the possibility I have in mind is not a world that is like ours qualitatively but differs from ours Haecceitistically.

1984, David [Kellogg] Lewis, “Individuation by Acquaintance and by Stipulation”, in Fred Landman, Frank Veltman, editors, Varieties of Formal Semantics: Proceedings of the Fourth Amsterdam Colloquium, September 1982 [Groningen-Amsterdam Studies in Semantics; 3], Dordrecht: Foris Publications Holland, →ISBN, pages 235–236:

Two individuals differ haecceitistically just in case they have different haecceities. Differing haecceitistically is consistent with sharing many properties and also with differing with respect to many properties. In contrast, two individuals differ merely haecceitistically just in case they share all the same properties but differ haecceitistically. Haecceitism entails that there is a possible world qualitatively identical to, but nevertheless distinct from, the actual world where my haecceity is swapped with yours.

2007, Jonathan D. Jacobs, Causal Powers: A Neo-Aristotelian Metaphysic [Dissertation Abstracts International; vol. 69-02, sect. A, p. 0630], Bloomington, Ind.: Indiana University, →ISBN, pages 47–48:

[H]aecceitism leads to trouble in a way that quidditism does not. Suppose we allegedly have two indiscernible worlds that differ haecceitistically: at the place where individual A is in W₁, B is in W₂, and vice versa. We ask: in virtue of what does B rather than A occupy that place in W₂? Because the worlds are indiscernible, it seems we can have no informative answer. We can only say "It just does". That is, we need to invoke the transworld identity of B in W₁ with B in W₂.

2009, Daniel Stoljar, “The Argument from Revelation”, in David Braddon-Mitchell, Robert Nola, editors, Conceptual Analysis and Philosophical Naturalism, Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, →ISBN, page 210:

Bill's and Tina's experiential properties differ haecceitistically in their object but are indiscriminable; Bill's and Inez's experiential properties differ quidditistically in their object but are indiscriminable; Bill's and Dean's experiential properties differ with respect to factivity, and haecceitistically and quidditistically in their object.

2010, Benj Hellie, “An Externalist's Guide to Inner Experience”, in Bence Nanay, editor, Perceiving the World, New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 140:


Fama

(Roman mythology) The Roman equivalent of the Greek Pheme, a personification of fame and renown.


araciality

Such symbols were of no minor importance for a show such as Cosby, roundly and repeatedly criticized for its "araciality."

1994, Kristal Brent Zook, "How I Became Prince of a Town Called Bel Air: Nationalist Desire in Black Television", dissertation submitted to the University of California, Santa Cruz, page 72

I think we don’t pay enough attention to the fact that Michael Jackson, for much of his career, was asexual. And it’s almost as if he was trying to get to some sort of araciality in terms of his presentation, when you think about, you know, someone wearing a mask, someone trying to morph — I mean, Madonna has done it very well without necessarily having to have cosmetic surgery, but this kind of figure that morphs into something else as time goes on.

2009 June 30, “Michael Jackson 1958-2009: The Life and Legacy of the King of Pop”, in Democracy Now:

Though Maouyo and Spencer’s lives have parallels, Maouyo’s journey to araciality was not so much a tireless social justice mission than a process of finding an identity that felt like a good fit.

2011 October 13, Zoe A. Y. Weinberg, “Raceless Like Me”, in The Harvard Crimson:

(sociology, philosophy) The state of being aracial.


racelessness

She says she can finally breathe now. She feels freed by the privilege of relative racelessness.

2022, Jonathan Escoffery, If I Survive You, 4th Estate (2023), page 137:

(sociology, philosophy) The condition of having no perceived race.


anti-racialize

en-verb

anti-racialize (third-person singular simple present anti-racalizes, present participle anti-racializing, simple past and past participle anti-racialized)

anti-racalizes (present singular third-person)
anti-racializing (participle present)
anti-racialized (participle past)
anti-racialized (past)
antiracialize (alternative)

Interpellating the crystal in the midst of an anti-racializing dialog, Sun Ra intimates emphasizes his power to move race from its historical determinants to rest in mystic powers.

2007, Sue-Ellen Case, Performing Science and the Virtual, Routledge, →ISBN, page 192:

The racializing epistemology that these plays help to codify serves to empower the white/right gaze, which implicitly normalizes and, as I will argue, anti-racializes the English gaze.

2008, Ayanna Thompson, Performing Race and Torture on the Early Modern Stage, Routledge, →ISBN, page 20:

At the same time, the prompt increase in resources and tools made available to Arab and Muslim American organizations, the intensification of anti-racializing work within civil society organizations, and the American public's increased interest in learning more about Arabs and Muslims provided a majority of the Arab Muslims interviewed in this study with a degree of optimism for the future, even though many remained concerned because of the connection they saw between social constructions of Arabs/Muslims and American foreign policy.

2009, Louise A. Cainkar, Homeland Insecurity: The Arab American and Muslim American Experience After 9/11: The Arab American and Muslim American Experience After 9/11, Russell Sage Foundation, →ISBN, page 72:

(sociology, philosophy) To act against racial identity or racism.


werepup

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-werepup.wav

Or will Bella choose Jake, and raise a litter of dark-haired werepups?

2007 August 12, Liesl Schillinger, “Children’s Books / Young Adult”, in New York Times:

(fantasy, mythology, informal) A werewolf puppy.


sheroic

en-adj

sheroic (comparative more sheroic, superlative most sheroic)

more sheroic (comparative)
most sheroic (superlative)

The tragedy of Gatha's sheroic journey is that the actualization of her own importance is never considered "the prize" of her odyssey; hence, she never recognizes the personal and historic success of her journey.

1999, Janice Lee Liddell, “Voyages Beyond Lust and Lactation: The Climacteric as Seen in Novels by Sylvia Wynter, Beryl Gilroy, and Paule Marshall”, in Janice Liddell, Yakini Belinda Kemp, editors, Arms Akimbo: Africana Women in Contemporary Literature, University Press of Florida, →ISBN, page 36:

This sheroic choice eventually led her to testify compassionately on behalf of faceless and voiceless young girls still living under horrific conditions in the community she had escaped from.

2015, Nancy D. O'Reilly, Leading Women: 20 Influential Women Share Their Secrets to Leadership, Business, and Life, Adams Media, →ISBN, page 84:

However, in the same vein, she also bemoans that following each of these campaigns, amnesia sets in wherein society tends to conveniently forget about the sheroic lengths to which its women have uniformly performed and without whom the military's successes could not have been achieved.

2015, G. L. A. Harris, Living Legends and Full Agency: Implications of Repealing the Combat Exclusion Policy, CRC Press, →ISBN, page 37:

(feminism) Heroic in a female or feminist context.


gytrash

gytrashes (plural)
guytrash (alternative)

(mythology) A legendary black dog (or sometimes a horse or mule) said to haunt lonely roads in northern England and lead people astray.


thinkably

en-adv

thinkably (comparative more thinkably, superlative most thinkably)

more thinkably (comparative)
most thinkably (superlative)

(philosophy) Such that it can be thought.


overmine

en-verb

overmine (third-person singular simple present overmines, present participle overmining, simple past and past participle overmined)

overmines (present singular third-person)
overmining (participle present)
overmined (participle past)
overmined (past)

Coordinate term: undermine

We can even go further: when we consider an object in everyday life we do not usually just undermine or overmine it as if it demanded an either/or approach, but rather we run the two processes in tandem: duomining, as Harman labels it.

2022, Nicholas Gayle, Conrad and the Being of the World, page 25:

(philosophy) To view an object in terms of its effects on or relationships with others, in object-oriented ontology.


Ixtab

(mythology) The Yucatec Mayan goddess of suicide, represented as a dead woman with a rope around her neck.


Typhonomachy

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Τῡφωνομᾰχία (Tūphōnomăkhía), from Τῡφῶν (Tūphôn) + μάχη (mákhē, “battle, fight”).

bor

(Greek mythology) The battle between Zeus and the fearsome monster Typhon


Eurybia

(Greek mythology) A sea goddess in Ancient Greek mythology.


abderitism

/ˈæbdəˌɹɪtɪzm̩/

From German Abderitismus, from Abderit (“foolish person”) + -ismus (“-ism”), from Ancient Greek Ἀβδηρῑ́της (Abdērī́tēs, “Abderite”) because of the Abderites’ famed foolishness and stupidity in classical Greece. It is equivalent to Abderite + -ism. The German term was coined by the philosopher Immanuel Kant (1724–1804) in Der Streit der Fakultäten (The Conflict of the Faculties, 1798).

der

This one example of Abderitism will suffice for my present purpose, though innumerable instances might be produced in other departments.

1886, R. A. K., “Overproduction and Tea Culture”, in Revue Coloniale Internationale, volume 1, Amsterdam: J. H. de Bussy, →OCLC, page 502:

The Anarchist-eaters believe to have executed a master-stroke of Abderitism by turning national muttonhead and laying the blame for Anarchism at the door of foreigners.

1908, Max Baginski, “Abderites versus Anarchists”, in Mother Earth, New York, N.Y.: Emma Goldman, →OCLC, page 76:

[…] Kant posed the critical problems of historical prediction and, in passing, unwittingly provided us with a convenient framework for an examination of the debate on moral progress in one of its most original forms—the German Enlightenment. He acknowledged three current popular hypotheses with respect to philosophical theory and the future moral nature of man: […] The first he called "moral terrorism," the second "eudaemonism," and the third "abderitism."

1965, Frank E[dward] Manuel, “Man is a Crooked Stick: Kant and the Debate on Moral Destiny”, in Shapes of Philosophical History (Harry Camp Lectures at Stanford University), Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, →OCLC, pages 70–71:

The dialogue "Stilpon" presents the reader with a purely negative view of abderitism.

1979, John A[loysius] McCarthy, Christoph Martin Wieland (Twayne's World Authors Series, Germany; TWAS 528), Boston, Mass.: Twayne Publishers, →ISBN, page 118:

Coming to an end thus becomes an interminable and inconsistent process, a process Kant gives the rather silly name "Abderitism" in order to capture its lack of seriousness.

1994, Timothy Burns, After History?: Francis Fukuyama and His Critics, Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield, →ISBN, page 222:

(philosophy) The theory that humanity's morality will never advance beyond its present state.


illeity

From Latin ille (“that man; he”) + -ity.

(philosophy) An external embodiment of the self.


werewolfess

I'm just an insignificant bard, prey to an evil werewolfess, who has been robbed of my belt

2004, Melody Tiamat, The Dragon's Bard 2: Land's End, page 196:


entelechial

en-adj

entelechial (comparative more entelechial, superlative most entelechial)

more entelechial (comparative)
most entelechial (superlative)

And this process “would be ‘entelechial’ or ‘perfectionist’ in the ironic sense of the term, insofar as the sufferer was in effect striving to impose a ‘perfect’ form by using the key terms of his formative wound as a paradigm.”

1979, Film/Psychology Review, volume 3, Pleasantville, N.Y.: Redgrave Publishing Company, page 37:

I am assuming that an entelechial "tendency" […] does exist for human beings – that human beings "tend" to act in accordance with a purpose (or telos) which exists within the mind of the specific human taking the action. […] What would be more entelechial in the Burkean sense than a "single word" which reveals "an underlying pattern of experience"?

1998, Stan A. Lindsay, Implicit Rhetoric: Kenneth Burke's Extension of Aristotle's Concept of Entelechy, Lanham, Md.: University Press of America, →ISBN, pages 106 and 109:

Invoking Aristotelian intuition, we will characterize each being as projecting an "entelechial" design. I want to say that the individualization of living beings – and only living beings manifest the characteristics of individualization – is a constructive process that follows a design. This design is "entelechial" because it projects a line of articulations that the process follows from within.

2000, Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka, Impetus and Equipoise in the Life-Strategies of Reason: Logos and Life: Book 4 [Analecta Husserliana: The Yearbook of Phenomenological Research; vol. LXX], Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, →ISBN, page 627:

[E]ntelechy, or the entelechial motive, is a function of language and is rooted in history, in a verbal action by a human agent in a specific sociopolitical scene. The entelechial motive is one of the most purely human motives in Burke.

2003, Kenneth Burke, edited by William H. Rueckert and Angelo Bonadonna, On Human Nature: A Gathering while Everything Flows, 1967–1984, Berkeley and Los Angeles, Calif.: University of California Press, →ISBN, page 121:

Just as an acorn has the telos or entelechial potential to become an oak, so do ideas contain the seeds of their own transformation. Follow the logical or poetic implications of even the noblest idea and you are likely to find it becoming "rotten with perfection." This is nicely illustrated in "Cat's Cradle [sic: Cat's in the Cradle]," a song written by Burke's grandson, Harry Chapin. It is a song, says Stan Lindsay (1998), about entelechial potential, about a father who has made the idea of career more important than family. But one need not make moral judgments in doing entelechial analysis.

2004, Herbert W. Simmons, “The Rhetorical Legacy of Kenneth Burke”, in Walter Jost, Wendy Olmsted, editors, A Companion to Rhetoric and Rhetorical Criticism, Malden, Mass.: Blackwell Publishing Ltd., →ISBN, page 164, note 5:

Could we not say that life proceeds in tandem with intrinsic prompting and invigorating entelechial energies, on the one hand, and the operative functional generation of force, on the other?

2009, Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka, The Fullness of the Logos in the Key of Life: Book I. The Case of God in the New Enlightenment [Analecta Husserliana: The Yearbook of Phenomenological Research; vol. C], Dordrecht: Springer, →ISBN, page 44:

(philosophy) Of or pertaining to entelechy.


entelechially

One imitates entelechially, thereby attaining a universal, insofar as the individual is shown living up to the potentialities of its genus. […] And so, in sum, were the poem (for instance) to imitate a sailor universally, entelechially, it would have him represent to the full the potentialities of sailor as such: speaking nautical terms (even perhaps to the extent of applying nautical analogies to non-nautical matters), scrupulous in the performing of his duties at sea (yet revealing exactly the most relevant temptations to the dereliction of such duties), looking perhaps with a carnival eye upon his times in port, etc.

1952 August, Kenneth Burke, “A 'Dramatistic' View of 'Imitation'”, in Accent: A Quarterly of New Literature, volume 12, number 4, Urbana, Ill.: Department of English, University of Illinois, →OCLC, page 236:

In some fundamental way, it seems that the principles of logology and ecology (that is, the entelechies of each) are at odds with each other, for logology, logologic, and logocentricity, if unchecked by large eco-ethical concerns, and allowed to drive entelechially toward the perfection and completion of themselves in the symbolic realm, seem destined to destroy, or perhaps just deny, ecology, ecologic, and the natural world.

1994, William H[owe] Rueckert, Encounters with Kenneth Burke, Urbana, Ill.: University of Illinois Press, →ISBN, page 174:

In a pragmatic approach, the telos does not guarantee its results entelechially. The telos itself is the product of semiosis and can be made concrete only when it is used to guide actions.

1997, James A. Mackin, Jr., Community Over Chaos: An Ecological Perspective on Communication Ethics, Tuscaloosa, Ala.: University of Alabama Press, →ISBN, page 120:

[I]f future possibilities exist for the discipline of rhetoric, it must be conceded that, entelechially speaking, even the present state of the discipline of rhetoric existed entelechially prior to the naming of the discipline.

1998, Stan A. Lindsay, Implicit Rhetoric: Kenneth Burke's Extension of Aristotle's Concept of Entelechy, Lanham, Md.: University Press of America, →ISBN, page 145:

To behave reasonably is to exemplify the highest human ideals and discipline, for in doing so, one is entelechially exalting his fullest potential. But this is not achieved through the inhuman slavery to logic which defines automatons and whose absence distinguish man. No, it is done by the proper obedience to the manifold nature and constituent elements we possess and which define us.

2013, Michael David Levenstein, The End of Knowledge: A Discourse on the Unification of Philosophy, New York, N.Y.: Algora Publishing, →ISBN, pages 20–21:


metapatriarchal

metapatriarchal (comparative more metapatriarchal, superlative most metapatriarchal)

more metapatriarchal (comparative)
most metapatriarchal (superlative)

From meta- + patriarchal, coined by Mary Daly (1928–2010), playing on multiple senses of meta-.

(feminism) Relating to transcendence over the patriarchy.


analogate

(philosophy) An instance of a thing represented in general by the analogon. For example, given the analogon "famous musician", the analogates might include Mozart and Liszt.


long-termism

Known as long-termism, it is based on a belief that the interests of later generations, stretching far into the future, must be taken into account in decisions made today.

[2023 November 25, Richard Waters, John Thornhill, “Tech's philosophical rift over AI”, in FT Weekend, Big Read, page 6:

(philosophy) Alternative spelling of longtermism


infallibilism

en-noun

infallibilism (countable and uncountable, plural infallibilisms)

(epistemology) The theory that belief in a true proposition counts as knowledge only if the proposition is necessarily entailed by the evidence or reasoning that supports this belief.


Harpocrates

From Ancient Greek Ἁρποκράτης (Harpokrátēs), from Egyptian ḥr-pꜣ-ẖrd, from ḥr (“Horus”) + pꜣ (“the”) + ẖrd (“child”).

(Greek mythology) The god of silence, secrets and confidentiality.

Roman goddess of trust and confidentiality


extensionalism

extensionalism (usually uncountable, plural extensionalisms)

(philosophy) The belief in extensionality.


extensionalist

(philosophy) A proponent of extensionalism.


hexadecile

From hexa- + decile or hexadeca- + -ile.

But becauſe ſome Aſpects are more Effectual than others, therefore they are (reſpectu graduum, Scientiæ and Congruentiæ, necnon Efficacitatus) thus to be Diſposed: viz. ☌. ☍. ◻. △. ⚹. SS. Q. Bq. Vc. Dec. Td. Sq. SSq. whereunto are added (as in the laſt and loweſt degree of Dignity and Efficacy) the Quindecile, Hexadecile, Vigintile, and the Icoſiteſſeragonall, (or figure of 24 ſides), which are only considered in Venus and Mercury with the Sun.

1683, George Wharton, “Of the Planetary Aspects, both Old and New, their Characters, and Æquations”, in John Gadbury, editor, The Works of that Late Most Excellent Philosopher and Astronomer, Sir George Wharton, Bar[onet]. Collected into One Entire Volume, London: Printed by H. H. for John Leigh, at Stationers Hall, →OCLC, page 92:

(astrology, obsolete) The aspect or position of any two celestial bodies separated by 22.5° (that is, 360° divided by 16) as they appear to an observer on earth.


hexadecile

(astrology, obsolete) Of or denoting a hexadecile aspect.


Aidos

(Greek mythology) The goddess or personification of humility, modesty.


compresent

(philosophy) Existing together concurrently.


problematology

(philosophy) A form of philosophy based upon the questioning of questioning, to derive a new foundational principle of thought and a new conception of logical difference.


moral imperative

moral imperative (plural moral imperatives)

This 60-second commercial, titled The Deficit Trials: 2017 A.D., . . . "expresses a view that budget cuts are a moral imperative."

2001 June 24, “American Notes: Advertising”, in Time, retrieved 2016-01-07:

To research a possible link between US bombardment and rates of birth defects and pediatric cancer in Iraq is a moral imperative.

2012 October 25, Ross Caputi, “The victims of Fallujah's health crisis are stifled by western silence”, in Guardian, UK, retrieved 2016-01-07:

Marc Andreessen, the venture capitalist, wrote on Twitter about the accident, with his usual bravado, “Self-driving cars and trucks are a moral imperative.”

2014 June 10, Claire Cain Miller, “If Robots Drove, How Much Safer Would Roads Be?”, in New York Times, retrieved 2016-01-07:

(ethics) A practice, policy, or state of affairs which is required and justified by the fact that it is morally right.

. . . the Confucian custom of filial piety. This moral imperative requires sons to obey their parents and take care of them during old age.

1996, Robert Strom et al., "Intergenerational Relationships in Taiwanese Families" in Changing Family Roles and Feminism, Man Singh Das (ed.), p. 48 (Google preview)

There are no laws about queueing, but there is a powerful moral imperative not to cheat.

2004 September 18, Adam Nicolson, “Not even the full force of the law is enough to make something legitimate”, in Telegraph, UK, retrieved 2016-01-07:

It is not murderous venom that courses in black veins but loving tolerance for the stranger, which is the central moral imperative of the Gospel.

2015 June 20, Michael Eric Dyson, “Love and Terror in the Black Church”, in New York Times, retrieved 2016-01-07:

(ethics) An ethical principle or rule which requires and justifies a practice, policy, or state of affairs.


trivialist

(logic) A proponent of trivialism, the metaphysical and logical theory that all propositions are true.


apriorist

Durkheim took from the apriorists a conception of human categories but infused that notion with social history.

2001, Bernard E. Harcourt, chapter 5, in Illusion of Order:


caladrius

From Medieval Latin caladrius, from Byzantine Greek χαλαδριός (khaladriós), from Ancient Greek χαραδριός (kharadriós).

(mythology) A mythical bird that had healing powers.


superdupervenient

(philosophy) Relating to or exhibiting superdupervenience.


wommonhood

From wommon + -hood, modelled on womanhood.

(feminism, rare) Nonstandard spelling of womanhood.


Akashic Records

(esoterism, occult) Mythological records or archives, in a spiritual plane, containing information about everything that ever happened.

Arquivos Acásicos

spiritual records about everything that ever happened


genarian

/d͡ʒɪˈnɛəɹi.ən/

/d͡ʒɪˈnɛɹi.ən/

This distinguishes his position from that of rule-utilitarians like Brandt, with whom Hare otherwise largely agrees, and makes Hare an actarian in my sense rather than a genarian.

1979, Peter Schröder, Leonard Nelson Symposium, page 90:

Rawls' s theory is genarian (the Method is used to derive rules, principles, which in turn are applied to acts) rather than actarian (the Method applied directly to acts).

1982, J. H. Wellbank, Denis Snook, David T. Mason, John Rawls & His Critics: An Annotated Bibliography, page 187:

(philosophy) Concerning rules or principles as opposed to acts.


Ephialtes

From Ancient Greek Ἐφιάλτης (Ephiáltēs).

Éphialtès

either the ancient Greek statesman or a mythological Giant


ecstaticity

(philosophy) The quality or state of being ecstatic.


Acoetes

(Greek mythology, Roman mythology) One of several mythological characters.

One of several mythological characters.
An attendant of Bacchus.

One of several mythological characters.
The father of Laocoön.

A Theban character in Statius’s Thebaid.


linear logic

Gentzen also wrote down inference rules suitable for the intuitionistic propositional and predicate calculi. These rules lack the mirror symmetry of the classical case. But in the 1980s, this symmetry was restored by Girard’s invention of ‘linear logic’ [43].

2009 February 3, John C. Baez with Mike Stay, “Physics, Topology, Logic and Computation: A Rosetta Stone”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name), page 39:

(logic) A logic in which two structural rules are missing from its sequent calculus: those for weakening and contraction; which has some extra logical connectives, so that it has both "additive" and "multiplicative" versions of the typical binary connectives and truth constants; and which has a pair of modal, "exponential" operators for resource management, to help make up for the loss of the two structural rules.


Tiki

(mythology) The first human, in Polynesian mythology.


contentual

I shall wish, then, to indicate in a general way what I conceive to be the true and valuable significance of the Self-realization principle; namely, that it is essentially an ideal of ethical method, and not a contentual or descriptive ideal from which either the details or the generalities of right conduct are to be extracted; and I shall try to present the principles of such a method as will answer to the requirements of this ideal, thereby supplying an interpretation, in a strictly ethical sense, of the concept of derivation.

1904, Henry Waldgrave Stuart, The Logic of Self-realization:

Presented evidence, appearance, sense experience, in itself, enjoys the rank of content of reality. That is, it claims to be real and deserves to be taken as such so long as proof to the contrary is wanting. I shall call this kind of knowledge 'contentual'; if I may be permitted to coin a word.

1915, Evelyn Board Raynolds, The Realistic Concept of Independence, page 19:

It seems to me that a true empiricist can easily note that we use "thought" in four distinct ways. First, thought is a term for a reflective process ; second, it is a term for data, the contentual entities which are objects of awareness; third, it is a term for the act of awareness; fourth, it is a term for an idea of an object, for the contentual thought of an object of reference, for a specific knowledge-claim.

1920, “The status of the categories”, in The Monist, volume 30, page 234:

It seems that there is no locution in English that must be read as a prosentence, no argument that requires this reading. Any locution offered as the natural-language paraphrase of contentual quantification can be read in another way.

2008, Ryan Christensen, Minimal truth, page 74:

(philosophy) Relating to content (as apposed to context).


nonconceptualism

Part of the appeal of nonconceptualism as a view in its own right is that it seems to do better justice than conceptualism to what we might call the primitive character of perception relative to thought and judgment.

2007 October 17, Hannah Ginsborg, “Was Kant a nonconceptualist?”, in Philosophical Studies, volume 137, number 1, →DOI:

(philosophy) A negation of conceptualism


causalism

causalism (countable and uncountable, plural causalisms)

11 Since Donald Davidson’s “Actions, Reasons, and Causes” ( 1963 ), causalism about action explanations has been widely accepted (and perennially contested).

2007 March 6, Andrew Sneddon, “The depths and shallows of psychological externalism”, in Philosophical Studies, volume 138, number 3, →DOI:

(philosophy) The doctrine that actions have a direct cause, especially that people's actions are caused by their mental state at the time


conjunctivism

The first thing to note is that S4 sounds dangerously close to conjunctivism.

2007 July 10, Jeffrey Dunn, “The obscure act of perception”, in Philosophical Studies, volume 139, number 3, →DOI:

(philosophy) The theory that the grounding conditions for social facts are conjunctive


interpretationism

(philosophy) The analysis of the mental by interpretation of the physical


conferralism

However, it is not a constructivist conferralism.

2008 April 5, Ásta Sveinsdóttir, “Essentiality conferred”, in Philosophical Studies, volume 140, number 1, →DOI:

(philosophy) A philosophy in which attributes are conferred on objects


projectivism

projectivism (usually uncountable, plural projectivisms)

(philosophy) A philosophy in which the qualities of an object are 'projected' onto it as though they actually belong to it.


coincidentalism

The fact that three-dimensionalist coincidentalism faces problems concerning how an object’s temporal trajectory is determined did not play a central role in this paper because this fact is well known.

2007 July 18, Thomas Sattig, “Identity in 4D”, in Philosophical Studies, volume 140, number 2, →DOI:

(philosophy) A philosophy of coincidents


combinatorialism

Yet, many philosophers find combinatorialism attractive because of its ontological parsimony and because it harmonizes with actualism and naturalism.

2007 September 20, Luca Moretti, “Brogaard and Salerno on antirealism and the conditional fallacy”, in Philosophical Studies, volume 140, number 2, →DOI:

(philosophy) A theory of reality based on all the possible combinations of simple objects


counterpossible

(philosophy, logic) A counterfactual in which the antecedent could not possibly be true.


compositionalism

(philosophy) The view that the meanings of propositions are determined independently of the terms of which they are composed


mysterianism

The latter contention may be motivated in one of two ways: either by appeal to positively characterized and seemingly conflictive features of the mental and the physical (in which case we might always reject dualism in favor of a materialist mysterianism such as McGinn’s 1999 ), or simply by failing to characterize positively the relevant domain of non-mental entities with which mentality is in need of reconciliation.

2007 August 9, Neal Judisch, “Why ‘non-mental’ won’t work: on Hempel’s dilemma and the characterization of the ‘physical’”, in Philosophical Studies, volume 140, number 3, →DOI:

(philosophy) The view that the explanation of consciousness is not possible by humans


nonism

Neo-Platonism "tended to break the unity of life and thought which Christianity sought to establish," yet withal it prevented a too "facile nonism."

1904, The Hartford Seminary Record - Volume 14, page 238:

But it surely affects his theory of perception in that, with the espousal of neutral nonism, he had to abandon the sense-datum theory because he abandoned the relational character of sensation consisting of a subject and an object ie, a sense-datum.

1987 July, Sajahan Miah, “Russell's Theory of Perception (1905-1919)”, in Philosophy Dissertation at McMaster University:

Shakespeare, of course, called life "a poor player, that struts and frets his hour upon the stage..." and James Thurber continued: "It's a tale told in an idiom, full of unsoundness and fury, signifying nonism."

1997, Peter McWilliams, Life 101: Everything We Wish We Had Learned about Life in School - But Didn't, →ISBN, page 22:

I share Simmel's dialectical “neither-nor” position (not monism, but nonism), as formulated in the regulating principle of methodological pluralism: neither idealism, nor materialism, nor elementarism, nor emergentism. Taken individually, each of the metatheoretical permutation and theoretical positions based on them are insufficient, for each is biased; as a whole, however, they make it possible to construct a general, global and multidimensional theory of society.

2008, Frédéric Vandenberghe, A Philosophical History of German Sociology, →ISBN:

(philosophy) The stance that the nature of reality is unknowable because all information comes through the senses, which are unreliable.

Sir Oliver's standing as a scientist makes his book interesting as a statement of the reasons a scientist can give in opposition to the conclusions of materialistic nonism.

1906, The American Educational Review - Volume 27, Issue 10, page 519:

That philosophy of the relation of psyche and soma which may be called materialistic nonism, the philosophy most congenial to behaviorists, was as ancient as Greek thought.

1938, Willard Harrell, Ross Harrison, “The rise and fall of behaviorism”, in The Journal of general psychology, volume 18, number 2:

(philosophy) The denial of higher-level meaning beyond physical existence; materialism.

Not really: fundamentality is a red herring, and the proponents of nonism have avoided Hempel’s dilemma only at the cost of emptying their position of any distinctives that might give the anti-physicalist reason to reject it (which, naturally, is not to say that the anti-physicalist should accept it).

(philosophy) The belief in the existence of entities and events within a domain that can only be defined in terms of what it is not.


adverbialism

I have considered a number of objections to adverbialism being true.

2008 August 5, Uriah Kriegel, “The dispensability of (merely) intentional objects”, in Philosophical Studies, volume 141, number 1, →DOI:

(philosophy) The view that perceptions do not have objects, so for example one "senses redly" rather than being aware of a red sense datum.


determinablism

(After all, it is not entailed by determinablism or even recombinationism!

2007 September 5, David Denby, “Generating possibilities”, in Philosophical Studies, volume 141, number 2, →DOI:

(philosophy, rare) A philosophy of determinables


indexicalism

According to indexicalism, at any time during the interval t 1 –t 4, Cyrano has to lose all of his properties and gain new ones: he first has the property “having-a-big-nose-at-t 1 ”, then the property “having-a-big-nose-at-t 2 ”, then the property “having-a-big-nose-at-t 3 ”, and so on.

2007 September 20, Jiri Benovsky, “The bundle theory and the substratum theory: deadly enemies or twin brothers?”, in Philosophical Studies, volume 141, number 2, →DOI:

(philosophy) A philosophy of indexicality


worldmate

(philosophy) Any of a group of spatiotemporally related objects (i.e. objects in the same world, at the same time)


epiphenomenalize

en-verb

epiphenomenalize (third-person singular simple present epiphenomenalizes, present participle epiphenomenalizing, simple past and past participle epiphenomenalized)

epiphenomenalizes (present singular third-person)
epiphenomenalizing (participle present)
epiphenomenalized (participle past)
epiphenomenalized (past)

To endorse option one is to epiphenomenalize macrophysical objects.

2007 December 8, Patrick Toner, “Emergent substance”, in Philosophical Studies, volume 141, number 3, →DOI:


pink tax

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-pink tax.wav

(informal, feminism) The relative increase in price paid for women's consumer items compared to similar products marketed to men.


red scarf

en-noun

red scarf (plural red scarves or red scarfs)

red scarves (plural)
red scarfs (plural)

(communism) A neckerchief worn by a young pioneer, typically red in color.


young pioneer

(communism) A child who is a junior member of a Communist party, or similar movement.


invariantism

Unger argues for semantic relativity by arguing that two general semantical theories, contextualism and invariantism, conflict.

1988, Joseph W. Smith, The Progress and Rationality of Philosophy As a Cognitive Enterprise: An Essay on Metaphilosophy:

When the agent and the attributer-with-audience have highly similar stakes in the matter in question, then sensitive invariantism and contextualism yields parallel verdicts.

2008 November 22, David Henderson, “Motivated contextualism”, in Philosophical Studies, volume 142, number 1, →DOI:

(philosophy) A philosophy of invariants, holding that knowledge is not context-sensitive.


energeticism

(philosophy) A philosophy of energetics.


Sutekh

From Egyptian sw-W-t:x-A40 (swtḫ), a New Kingdom variant of s-t:X (stẖ).

Seth (alternative)
Set (alternative)
Setekh (alternative)
Suty (alternative)

(Egyptian mythology) An ancient Egyptian god, variously described as the god of chaos, the god of thunder and storms, or the god of destruction.


matterer

Where matterers are concerned, we look for difference-making, […]

2012, Helen Steward, A Metaphysics for Freedom, page 214:

(philosophy) Something that matters; something of relevance.


Pazuzu

Learned borrowing from Akkadian 𒉺𒍪𒍪 (Pazūzu).

lbor

Fazuzu (alternative)
Pazuza (alternative)

(mythology) In Assyrian and Babylonian mythology, the king of the demons of the wind, often depicted as a combination of diverse animal and human parts.


Magonia

(mythology) A cloud realm from which felonious aerial sailors were said to come in flying ships, according to an ancient treatise against weather magic by the Carolingian bishop Agobard of Lyon.


Nüwa

zh-l

女媧／女娲 (Nǚwā)

The first sovereign was Fuxi, the heavenly sovereign, and first ancestor of 100 emperors. His marriage to his sister, Nüwa, balanced yin and yang.

2008, Essential Visual History Of World Mythology, National Geographic Society, →ISBN, page 334:

(Chinese mythology) a goddess who repaired heaven and created the Earth


justificationism

(philosophy) An approach that regards the justification of a claim as primary, while the claim itself is secondary; thus, criticism consists of trying to show that a claim cannot be reduced to the authority or criteria that it appeals to.


justificationist

(philosophy) A proponent of justificationism.


lilith

[A] Mandaic specimen from Kutha (BM 91715) which contains two independent incantations separated by a line: a historiola relating the expulsion of a particular lilith and the report of a dream purportedly dreamt by the client[.]

2004, The Journal of the Ancient Near Eastern Society, volume 29, page 31:

It describes the liliths who are divorced with these words: “naked are you sent forth, nor are you clad, with your hair disheveled and let fly behind your backs.” And indeed, the drawing of the lilith depicts her as naked[.]

2013, Practicing Gnosis: Ritual, Magic, Theurgy and Liturgy, page 384:

A drawing and a few inscriptions indicate the appearance of a lilith, as a young naked woman with long dishevelled hair and prominent breasts and genitals […].

2017, Ronald Hutton, The Witch, Yale University Press, published 2018, page 68:

(mythology) A type of female Mesopotamian demon, typically seen as coming to men in dreams and as endangering women during pregnancy or childbirth.


justificandum

(philosophy) That which is to be justified.


sequent calculus

en-noun

sequent calculus (plural sequent calculi)

(mathematics, logic) A set of inference rules for deriving true sequents from other true sequents.


atomic formula

atomic formula (plural atomic formulae or atomic formulas)

atomic formulae (plural)
atomic formulas (plural)

In predicate logic, an atomic formula consists of a predicate together with its arguments, its arguments being terms.

(logic) A formula which does not have smaller subformulas.


Rhene

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ῥήνη (Rhḗnē).

bor+

the paramour of King Oïleus of Locris and the mother of either or neither of his sons Medon and Ajax.

Rene

nymph, paramour of Locrian king Oïleus, disputed mother by him of Medon or Ajax

an oread of Mount Cyllene, lover of Hermes and the mother by him of Saon of Samothrace.

Rene

oread of Mouth Cyllene, lover of Hermes, mother by him of Samothracian Saon


deonticity

(ethics, linguistics) The property of being deontic.


matrophobia

Coined by the poet Lynn Sukenick; equivalent to matri- + -phobia.

(feminism) The fear of becoming like one's mother.


superpredicate

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-superpredicate.wav

(logic) A kind of relation between predicates.


mathematicalism

And my own distinctions of Plato's mathematical abstractionism and his mathematico-physical hypotheticism I treat as a more detailed description of Platonic mathematicalism (named so by L. Brunschvicg and A. Koyre).

2004, Michał Kokowski, Copernicusʹs Originality: Towards Integration of Contemporary Copernican Studies:

(philosophy) The view that the observable world is material with certain elements of mathematics needed to describe and explain it.


propositional constant

en-noun

propositional constant (plural propositional constants)

(logic) One of a set of letters or symbols which are assigned fixed truth values independently of any interpretation or valuation, and each of which qualifies as a prime formula of their language.


fastwalker

From fast + walker, from the notion that UFOs travel fast. Originally a code word created by NORAD.


actionness

That action which, upon being performed, does not prejudicially affect its agent is deemed to have lost its nature of 'actionness' (karmatva) as well as its binding force (bandhakatva).

2006, Shrinivas Tilak, Understanding Karma:

Thus despite the usefulness of the noun 'agency' to describe actionness, and the ubiquity of the 'agency–structure debate' […]

2015, Christopher Hill, Foreign Policy in the Twenty-First Century:

(philosophy, linguistics) The property of being an action.


self-refutation

2009, Hales, Relativism and the Foundations of Philosophy
I remember grappling with the self-refutation objection back in my undergraduate days in a philosophy of science course under Robert Frederick.


detotalize

en-verb

detotalize (third-person singular simple present detotalizes, present participle detotalizing, simple past and past participle detotalized)

detotalizes (present singular third-person)
detotalizing (participle present)
detotalized (participle past)
detotalized (past)

(transitive, philosophy, semiotics) To cause (something) no longer to be the total state of things, by means of adding something further that is not a part of it; to make incomplete by addition.


Orthrus

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ὄρθρος (Órthros).

(Greek mythology) A two-headed dog who guarded Geryon's cattle and was killed by Heracles.


descendentalism

Epistemological descendentalism withdraws from the celestial, and infernal, regions to matter of fact; it presumes that, in a world of universal evil, no other realm can or need be sought but that in which man comes to know the evil which is his life.

1974, Robert Currie, Genius: an ideology in literature:

(philosophy) A doctrine that emphasizes empiricism and positivism; a philosophical focus on material and worldly matters.


four-dimensionalism

(philosophy) An ontological position stating that an object's persistence through time resembles its extension through space.


Gandhism

Another critic observes Gandhism dreads the 'onslaught of technology' because it creates unemployment.

1945, Mohanlal Lallubhai Dantwala, Gandhism Reconsidered, page 28:

In trying to curb modern political Machiavellianism, some of the more consistent humanists find this analogy in the ethical ideas and the political practice of Gandhiism.

1972, Aleksandr Ivanovich Titarenko, Morality and politics;: Critical essays on contemporary views about the relationship between morality and politics in bourgeois sociology, page 142:

(political science, philosophy) The philosophy and principles of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, encompassing the broad tenets of upholding truth, pacifism, and nonviolent activism; also rarely used for Gandhian economics.


nunc stans

Borrowed from Latin nunc (“now”) + stāns (“staying, remaining”).

But they will teach us that eternity is the standing still of the present time, a nunc-stans, as the schools call it; which neither they nor any else understand, no more than they would a hic-stans for an infinite greatness of place.

In other words, at the point where the infinite past and the infinite future collide into the present of a nunc stans they spark into existence, as it were, the mental phenomenon of a timeless present which overcomes all ordinary time constructions.

2009, Patricia Bowen-Moore, Hannah Arendt’s Philosophy of Natality:

In its radical transcendence of all finite states the subject enters into the space of a nunc stans, in the face of which all temporality becomes an unreal appearance.

2005, Robert Spaemann, Happiness and Benevolence:

(Christianity, philosophy) Eternal existence as an attribute of God.


Skuld

From Old Norse Skuld, from Proto-Indo-European *skel- (“to be obligated”). See English should.

der

(Norse mythology) the Norn of the future


problem of evil

(philosophy) The argument that an omnipotent and truly benevolent deity would not permit evil.


Hypsipyle

From Latin Hypsipylē and its etymon, the Ancient Greek Ῠ̔ψῐπῠ́λη (Hŭpsĭpŭ́lē).

(Greek mythology) The daughter of Thoas and Myrina, queen of Lemnos at the time of the curse by Aphrodite, the island’s subsequent androcide, and the Argonauts’ two-year sojourn on the island, during which time she bore Jason twin sons.


omniracial

(sociology, philosophy) Concerning or including every race.


hypolemma

en-noun

hypolemma (plural hypolemmas or hypolemmata)

hypolemmas (plural)
hypolemmata (plural)

From Latin hypolēmma, from Ancient Greek ὑπόλημμᾰ (hupólēmmă, “supposition”), from ὑπο- (hupo-, “lesser”) + λῆμμα (lêmma, “assumption”).

affix

(logic, rare) A lesser proposition or subsumption within a larger syllogism.


principle of charity

Named by Neil L. Wilson in the late 1950s.

(philosophy, rhetoric) The principle according to which an argument should be evaluated in light of its best, strongest possible interpretation.


Siege Perilous

(mythology) In Arthurian legend, a vacant seat at the Round Table, reserved by Merlin for the knight who would one day be successful in the quest for the Holy Grail.


Münchhausen trilemma

(philosophy) The problem in epistemology that all three ways of providing a proof — circular argument, regressive argument, and axiomatic argument — may be regarded as unsatisfactory.


multiplism

Cook's multiplism thus privileges convergent truths through triangulation even as it provides spaces for divergence and difference, regarding such occurrences as troublesome "empirical puzzles."

2007, Jennifer C. Greene, Mixed Methods in Social Inquiry, →ISBN, page 23:

Part I offers revealing examples of apparently incompatible interpretations and, in the spirit of multiplism, offers several strategies for rendering them admissible.

2010, Michael Krausz, Is There a Single Right Interpretation?, →ISBN, page 5:

To put it briefly, multiplism thinks reality is multiply realizable. For example, the highest good is conceptualized in radically different ways in different schemas of life. Multiplism holds that it is not incoherent to maintain both that (i) these different ways are irreducible to a higher-order universal; and (ii) the validity of one does not imply the invalidity of others.

2013, Chakravarthi Ram-Prasad, Indian Philosophy and the Consequences of Knowledge, →ISBN:

(philosophy) The philosophical strategy that asserts the validity of multiple differing interpretations.


Gettier problem

en-noun

Gettier problem (plural Gettier problems)

Attributed to American philosopher Edmund Gettier.

(philosophy) The epistemological problem that a description of knowledge as “justified true belief” is not adequate: there are counterexamples where a person has justified true belief of something and yet does not know it to be true.


Gettiered

(philosophy) Of a belief: falling short of actual knowledge in the way illustrated by the Gettier problem.


Gettier case

(philosophy) A case where a person has a justified true belief of something but does not know it to be true, i.e. one that illustrates the Gettier problem.


Gettier intuition

Gettier intuition (plural Gettier intuitions)

(philosophy) The intuitive judgment that the individual in a Gettier case does not know the thing of which he/she has a justified true belief.


Ryle's regress

(philosophy) The paradoxical situation whereby, if one accepts the cognitivist theory that every action is preceded by a thought, each thought must also be preceded by another thought, and so thinking could apparently never begin.


ghost in the machine

ghost in the machine (plural ghosts in the machine or ghosts in machines)

ghosts in the machine (plural)
ghosts in machines (plural)

Coined by British philosopher Gilbert Ryle in 1949.

coin

Now the dogma of the Ghost in the Machine does just this. It maintains that there exist both bodies and minds; that there occur physical processes and mental processes; that there are mechanical causes of corporeal movements and mental causes of corporeal movements.

1949, Gilbert Ryle, The Concept of Mind, Hutchinson, page 22:

The doctrines of the Blank Slate, the Noble Savage, and the Ghost in the Machine—or, as philosophers call them, empiricism, romanticism, and dualism—are logically independent, but in practice they are often found together.

2002, Steven Pinker, chapter 1, in The Blank Slate, Penguin, →ISBN, page 10:

(philosophy) The mental activity that occurs in parallel with physical action, but with no known way for the two to interact, according to the theories of mind-body dualism.


preconventional

(ethics) Belonging to the earliest of Lawrence Kohlberg's stages of moral development, focusing on self-interest and on obedience for the sake of avoiding punishment.


postconventional

(ethics) Belonging to the last of Lawrence Kohlberg's stages of moral development, involving a social contract orientation and universal ethical principles.


paraconsistentization

Moreover, we study the case of paraconsistentization of propositional classical logic.

2016, Edelcio G. de Souza, Alexandre Costa-Leite, Diogo H.B. Dias, “On a paraconsistentization functor in the category of consequence structures”, in arXiv:

(logic, rare) Conversion to a paraconsistent form.


nonnaturalism

(ethics) The metaethical view that (i) ethical sentences express propositions; (ii) some such propositions are true; (iii) those propositions are made true by objective features of the world, independent of human opinion; and (iv) these moral features of the world are not reducible to any set of non-moral features.


midsphere

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This celestial river (Nadī) transforms into [the] terrestrial one (sindhu) after falling from heaven (midsphere) in the form of rain-drops.

2003, Ravi Prakash Arya, New discoveries about Vedic Sarasvatī, page 22:

The smoke emitted by a burnt solid being vikāra of gaseous water, experiences upward acceleration to join the midsphere water.

2005, Vishveshvaranand Indological Journal, volumes 43-44, page 48:

The whole universe of these deities in divided in three spheres— earth, midsphere and sky.

2009, Śaśi Tivārī, Alka B. Bakre, editors, Contemporary world order: a Vedic perspective, World Association for Vedic Studies, India Conference, page 173:

(religion, Vedic mythology, uncountable) A supposed realm between earth and heaven.


Brynhild

(mythology) Alternative form of Brunhild


man in black

Coordinate term: black helicopter

Ever since the cessation of activity by Albert Bender in 1954, and followed closely by a few others, whose disappear[a]nce though less spectacular, from this field of work, caused a stir among the then active workers; the words he used in reference to his case "that he had been visited by three men in black, who demanded that he cease his investigations" left many to conjecture as to who they were, and what was their reason and who they represented.

1958, The Australian Saucer Record, volume 4, number 4, page 1:

Often they arrive at the scene of a UFO landing before those involves have had a chance to tell their story to the authorities, indicating that these Men-in-Black can read – as well as CONTROL – minds.

1991 March 26, John A. Keel, “Who are the UFO silencers?”, in Weekly World News, volume 12, number 25, page 8:

In many UFO sightings in which evidence of the sighting is claimed to exist, government "men in black" are reported to appear at the witnesses' doors demanding the evidence and threatening witnesses in the event they divulge any information regarding their sighting.

1995, James L. Thompson, Alien encounters: the deception menace, Cedar Fort, page 52:

Stories of “men-in-black,” who confront those who have witnessed a UFO with the intention of persuading them to keep their knowledge of space creatures a secret, are also amenable to folkloristic analysis.

1995, John A. Saliba, “UFO Contactee Phenomena from a Sociopsychological Perspective: A Review”, in The Gods have landed: new religions from other worlds, SUNY Press, page 218:

(ufology) A covert government operative, wearing a black suit and black aviator sunglasses, believed by conspiracy theorists to cover up UFO incidents.


contingentism

en-noun

contingentism (usually uncountable, plural contingentisms)

Necessitism is the view that necessarily everything is necessarily something (so ontology is non-contingent). Analogously, permanentism is the view that always everything is always something (so ontology is unchanging). Different ways of developing these views are distinguished. On the other side, contingentism is the negation of necessitism, and temporaryism is the negation of permanentism.

2013, Timothy Williamson, Modal Logic as Metaphysics:

Throughout this book, I use the term "contingentism" to denote a way of understanding existence that differs usefully from the standard essentialist view.

2015, Kriti Sharma, Interdependence: Biology and Beyond:

(philosophy) The philosophy concerned with the contingency of existence or other metaphysical concepts.


Tao

From the Wade–Giles romanization of Mandarin 道 (Dào, literally “The Way”): Tao⁴.

Dao (alternative Hanyu-Pinyin)
dao (alternative Hanyu-Pinyin)
tao (alternative also)

Nor is progress exclusively a Western invention. Many interpret the Tao of ancient China as a guide for those who wish to progress as they make their way forward in the world—though its conception of progress is very different from what emerged in the West.

2013, Al Gore, The Future: Six Drivers of Global Change, New York: Random House, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page xx:

(Chinese philosophy) In Taoism, The Way, specifically the transcendental basis of nature and, and/or the ideal way to live one's life.


radical feminism

radical feminism (countable and uncountable, plural radical feminisms)

The conference had been convened by a group that wanted to defend two positions that have made radical feminism anathema to much of the left. First, the organizers hoped to refute charges that the desire to ban prostitution implies hostility toward prostitutes.

2014 August 4, Michelle Goldberg, “What Is A Woman? The Dispute between Radical Feminism and Transgenderism”, in The New Yorker:

(politics, feminism) A type of feminism which calls for a radical reordering of society to eliminate male supremacy in all social and economic contexts.


Aatxe

Borrowed from Basque Aatxe (“young bull”).

(mythology) A spirit in Basque mythology, a cave-dwelling shapeshifter usually taking the form of a young bull. Arising from his lair at night, more so in stormy weather, Aatxe attacks malevolent people such as criminals and, in addition, safeguards people by keeping them at home when danger is nearby.


pseudo-problem

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(philosophy) A problem that arises solely as a result of a misuse of language


duergar

Borrowed from Old Norse dvergr; cf. Icelandic dvergar. Doublet of dwarf.

(mythology) One of a race of ugly dwarfs, particularly associated with the Simonside Hills of Northumberland in northern England.


Gogmagog

Goemagot (alternative)
Goemot (alternative)

Often connected to the Biblical characters Gog and Magog. However, Manley Pope, author of an 1862 English translation of the Welsh chronicle Brut y Brenhinedd, argued that it was a corruption of Welsh Gawr Madoc (Madoc the Giant).

It’s funny enough now, but it wasn’t funny then, for I got in such a state that I believed, actually believed, that Fauns lived in a certain double hedgerow near the Gog Magogs, and one evening I walked a mile sooner than go through it alone.

1907, E.M. Forster, The Longest Journey, Part I, VII [Uniform ed., p. 86]

(mythology) A legendary giant in Welsh and later English folklore, said to have been a giant inhabitant of Albion who was thrown off a cliff during a wrestling match with Corineus, a companion of Brutus of Troy.


probabilioristic

en-adj

probabilioristic (comparative more probabilioristic, superlative most probabilioristic)

more probabilioristic (comparative)
most probabilioristic (superlative)

In many cases, traditional arguments are represented as normative justifications that were never really meant as discursively justifying arguments, such as the formulations of moral systems in probabilistic or probabilioristic form, which do not arise from a context of norm justification.

2000, Martin Rhonheimer, Natural Law and Practical Reason: A Thomist View of Moral Autonomy, Fordham University Press - New York, page 308:

Both to identify these issues and to respond to them, we need to adopt and institutionalize the use of a new casuistry that employs the probabilioristic standard to resolve doubts about the proper courses of action.

1996, Bernard P. Dauenhauer, Citizenship in a Fragile World, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, INC., page 130:

One of the most critical differences between tutoristic and probabilistic/probabilioristic reasoning is the role of opinions. As has been mentioned earlier, the Directory differed from other contemporary manuals, especially that of the Augustinian Navarrus.

2016, Robert Aleksander Maryks, Saint Cicero and the Jesuits: The Influence of the Liberal Arts on the Adoption of Moral Probabilism, Ashgate Publishing:

(rare, philosophy) Of or pertaining to probabiliorism; stochastic.


blank slate

(figurative, also philosophy) Something that is clear and empty, or free from preconceptions and biases.


Empusa

From Ancient Greek Ἔμπουσα (Émpousa, “species of monster of Greek mythology”).

der

Hobbes compares this hybrid school divinity to Empusa, a female specter in ancient Greek mythology who was supposed to have been sent by the goddess Hecate[…].

1999, Douglas M. Jesseph, Squaring the Circle, University of Chicago Press, page 311:

The Empusa was a female vampire from Greek mythology that feasted on the blood of men.

2014, Barbara Cox, Scott Forbes, Haunted Homes, Gareth Stevens Publishing, page 20:

(Greek mythology) A monster sent by (and sometimes the progeny of) the goddess Hecate; when imagined as the first or only empusa, or as a species of monster.


empusa

empusas (plural)
empusae (plural)
empousa (alternative)
empuse (alternative)

1858, "Empūsa", entry in William Smith, A Classical Dictionary of Biography, Mythology, and Geography, John Murray, page 240,
The Lamiae and Mormolyceia, who assumed the form of handsome women for the purpose of attracting young men, and then sucked their blood like vampyrs and ate their flesh, were reckoned among the Empusae.

The empusae of Greek mythology demonstrate physical animal traits of the donkey and the female dog in order to emphasize certain negative characteristics associated with these animals in mythology that can also be applied to human beings.

2016, Heide Crawford, The Origins of the Literary Vampire, Rowman & Littlefield, page 41:

(Greek mythology) In Ancient Greek mythology, a kind of spectre sent by Hecate to guard roads and devour travellers.


empousa

(Greek mythology) Alternative form of empusa


jann

en-noun

jann (plural janns or jinnan or jawan or jinn or jinnah)

janns (plural)
jinnan (plural)
jawan (plural)
jinn (plural)
jinnah (plural)

(rare, mythology) One of the jinn; a genie.


Shawalo

(mythology) In Kalash myth, the meadow where Mahandeu cheated Balimain from superiority, when all the gods had slept together.


water nymph

From Middle English water-nymph, equivalent to water + nymph.

(mythology) A female spirit presiding over fountains, wells, streams, etc.


urinterpretation

urinterpretation (countable and uncountable, plural urinterpretations)

From ur- + interpretation, coined by William Irwin.

(philosophy) An intentionalist form of interpretation that seeks to capture the author's intention but not necessarily the author's possibly flawed understanding.


edimmu

(mythology) In Sumerian religion, a class of utukku or spirits, envisioned as the ghosts of those who did not receive a proper burial.


utukku

(mythology) In Sumerian religion, a class of spirits who had escaped the underworld, either by their own power or by being summoned forth by a priest.


premove

en-verb

premove (third-person singular simple present premoves, present participle premoving, simple past and past participle premoved)

premoves (present singular third-person)
premoving (participle present)
premoved (participle past)
premoved (past)

Let it be assumed, then, that God does premove earthly phenomena, and let the further very obvious supposition be also made that He does not desire this premovement to be a visible and palpable fact.

1867, William George Ward, Essays on the Philosophy of Theism: Supplementary remarks on freewill, volume 2, London: Kegan Paul, Trench, & Co., published 1884, page 187:

(philosophy, theology, rare) To incite or cause someone to do something.


reversalism

en-noun

reversalism (usually uncountable, plural reversalisms)

(philosophy, theology, uncountable) The idea that what is true about the universe is the exact opposite of what a person or group of people believes.


reversalist

(philosophy, theology) Of or pertaining to reversalism or to reversalists.


reversalist

(philosophy, theology) A supporter of the idea of reversalism.


Pania

(mythology) A beautiful maiden in Maori mythology, and symbol of the New Zealand city of Napier.


Telamon

From Ancient Greek Τελαμών (Telamṓn, literally “the bearer”).

der

(Greek mythology) Father of Ajax, brother of Peleus.


Cap

Caps are also naturally inclined towards stability and security—they're totally different from noncommittal Sagittarius men. If you're looking for someone who's ready to commit rather than stay in a situationship, odds are that he might be a Capricorn.

2022 December 8, Jake Register, “Everything You Need to Know About Dating a Capricorn Man”, in Cosmopolitan:

(astrology, informal) Clipping of Capricorn.


analytic philosopher

en-noun

analytic philosopher (plural analytic philosophers)

(philosophy) Someone who practices analytic philosophy.


qualitiless

Hence the need to postulate the substratum, which is in itself (though of course it never exists naked and alone) quite qualitiless.

1950, W. K. C. Guthrie, The Greek Philosophers from Thales to Aristotle:


Aegisthus

/ɪˈd͡ʒɪsθəs/

From Latin Aegisthus, from Ancient Greek Αἴγισθος (Aígisthos).

(Greek mythology) The murderer of Agamemnon and lover of his wife Clytemnestra.


Phaëthontiad

Borrowed from Latin Phaëthontias (stem: Phaëthontiad-).

bor

stem: <i class="Latn mention" lang="la">Phaëthontiad-</i>

(Greek mythology) Each of the sisters of Phaëthon.


Juturna

(Roman mythology) A goddess of fountains, wells and springs, and the mother of Fontus by Janus.


erotes

Regretfully, the shaft of the stele is lost, and only the central part of its gable is preserved, featuring a bust of the goddess, flanked by two Erotes.

1999, Yulia Ustinova, The Supreme Gods of the Bosporan Kingdom, BRILL, page 49:

There is also a parallel if less common iconography of the standing Narcissus (both alone with erotes—for example, from IX.3.5/24[…]—and with Echo and erotes—for example, Naples Museum[…].

2007, Jaś Elsner, Roman Eyes: Visuality and Subjectivity in Art and Text, Princeton University Press, unnumbered page:

The relative scarcity of children's sarcophagi (i.e. of child-sized sarcophagi) and specifically child-related iconographies. The Attic sarcophagi with Erotes are an exception to this.

2018, B. C. Ewald, “Attic Sarcophagi”, in Lucy Gaynor Audley-Miller, Beate Dignas, editors, Wandering Myths, De Gruyter, page 239:

(Greek mythology, often capitalised) Collectively, a group of winged gods attendant to Aphrodite, of whom Eros is the best known.


dynamis

Borrowed from Ancient Greek δύναμις (dúnamis).

I have tried to explain the sense of dynamis fundamental to Aristotle's philosophy.

1962, William Keith Chambers Guthrie, A History of Greek Philosophy: Aristotle, an encounter, page 125:

Heidegger deals in this text with Aristotle's attempt to explicate dynamis and energeia as one of manifold ways in which being is expressed.

1990, Arleen B. Dallery, Charles E. Scott, P. Holley Roberts, Crises in Continental Philosophy:

Like Heidegger's Aristotle, Marcuse argues that being “reveals” itself in the relation of dynamis to energeia.

2004, Andrew Feenberg, Heidegger and Marcuse: The Catastrophe and Redemption of History:


Kripkenstein

(philosophy) A posited person who holds Saul Kripke's unfaithful interpretations of Ludwig Wittgenstein's philosophy


quaddition

(philosophy) An operation that is the same as addition unless one of its operands is 57 or greater, in which case it always yields 5; used by Saul Kripke in an argument against Ludwig Wittgenstein's Philosophical Investigations.


quus

But Kripke's dummy quus function is not the 'real' quus function.

2012, Rupert Read, A Wittgensteinian Way with Paradoxes, page 83:

So where '2' quus '2' equals “4”, and “4” quus '2' equals “6”, “68' quus '57' equals “5”.

2013, M. Perlman, Conceptual Flux: Mental Representation, Misrepresentation, and Concept Change:

(philosophy) Indicates the quaddition operation.


time twin

(astrology) Either of two people born at the same time on the same day and thus supposed to have similar traits or life events.


Rem

(Egyptian mythology) An Egyptian fish god who fertilized the land with his tears.


Huginn

(Norse mythology) one of a pair of ravens, the other being Muninn, who fly throughout the world and report any unusual events back to Odin. They are essentially Odin's messengers


unessence

(philosophy) Lack of essence; that which is not essence.


visual space

(cognition, philosophy, psychology) The visual world as subjectively perceived by an aware observer.


Ramism

(historical, philosophy) A collection of theories on rhetoric, logic and pedagogy based on the teachings of Petrus Ramus.

ramismi

theories based on the teachings of Peter Ramus


Achaeus

(Greek mythology) A male given name from Ancient Greek.


rule utilitarianism

(ethics) A form of utilitarianism that says an action is right as it conforms to a rule that leads to the greatest good.


Euthyphro dilemma

en-noun

Euthyphro dilemma (plural Euthyphro dilemmas)

Found in Plato's dialogue Euthyphro, in which Socrates asks Euthyphro, "Is the pious (τὸ ὅσιον) loved by the gods because it is pious, or is it pious because it is loved by the gods?"

(philosophy) A dilemma as to whether things that are morally good are commanded by God because they are morally good, or whether they are morally good because they are God's commands.


paradox of fiction

paradox of fiction (plural paradoxes of fiction)

(philosophy) The paradox that (i) people have emotional responses to fictitious events, and (ii) one must believe that something truly exists in order to be emotionally moved by it, but (iii) nobody who considers an event to be fictitious can also believe it to be real.


Telemachian

en-adj

Telemachian (comparative more Telemachian, superlative most Telemachian)

more Telemachian (comparative)
most Telemachian (superlative)

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(Greek mythology) Of or relating to Telemachus.


ice maiden

(mythology, fantasy) A woman who comes from a frozen climate.


Hippolyta

(Greek mythology) An Amazonian queen who possessed a magic girdle given to her by her father, Ares.


Pyramus

(Greek mythology, Roman mythology) a Babylonian lover in the tragedy of Pyramus and Thisbe


Thisby

(mythology, archaic) a comically incorrect spelling of Thisbe used in A Midsummer Night's Dream by Shakespeare


Perigenia

(Greek mythology) the beautiful daughter of Sinis


Cephalus

From the Ancient Greek κέφᾰλος (képhălos, “a species of mullet”).

der

(Greek mythology) An ancient Greek lover of Procris who accidentally slew her as she spied upon him.


Hume's law

Named after Scottish philosopher and historian David Hume (1711–1776).

named-after

(philosophy) The idea that what ought to be the case cannot be deduced from what is already the case.


Thyia

Ancient Greek, from θύω (thúō, “celebrate”)

(Greek mythology) the naiad of a spring on Mount Parnassos where the Thyiades of Dionysus gathered to revel


superfalsity

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(logic) In supervaluationism, the quality of being superfalse.


superfalsehood

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tarrasque

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In the fantasy sense, introduced in the Dungeons & Dragons role-playing game, derived from tarasque (“mythical European dragon”).


thrownness

Calque of German Geworfenheit as thrown + -ness.

(philosophy) The Heideggerian concept of individual human existence as a case of being thrown arbitrarily into the world.


horizonal

According to your exposition, the relation of the region to release is neither a causal relationship nor the horizonal transcendental relation

1986, Martin Heidegger, Nietzsche: The will to power as knowledge and as metaphysics:


Verdandi

From Old Norse Verðandi, from Proto-Indo-European *wert- (“to turn, wind”).

der

(Norse mythology) the Norn of the present


Humianism

(philosophy) Alternative form of Humeanism


protothetic

In this paper, we present a system which is a natural deduction (in Fitch-Ja\'skowski's style) version of protothetic.

2015, Pierre Joray, “Teaching Leśniewski's Prothetic with a Natural Deduction System”, in arXiv:

(philosophy, logic) A particular theory of the relationships between propositions


Stirnerism

(anarchism) The philosophy of Max Stirner, credited as a major influence in the development of nihilism, existentialism, postmodernism, and anarchism.


Teucer

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Τεῦκρος (Teûkros).

Teucris (alternative)
Teucros (alternative)
Teucrus (alternative)

(Greek mythology) The son of King Telamon and Hesione, who fought in the Trojan War and was renowned for his skill in archery.


Löb's theorem

Named after Martin Löb, who formulated it in 1955.

(logic) A theorem stating that, in any formal system F with Peano arithmetic, for any formula P, if it is provable in F that "if P is provable in F then P is true", then P is provable in F.


superintuitionistic

The results also apply to other fragments of other superintuitionistic logics under certain conditions. In particular, the exponential lower bounds on the length of intuitionistic EF proofs by Hrube\v{s} \cite{hru:lbint}, generalized to exponential separation between EF and SF systems in superintuitionistic logics of unbounded branching by Je\v{r}\'abek \cite{ej:sfef}, can be realized by implicational tautologies..

2015, Emil Jeřábek, “Proof complexity of intuitionistic implicational formulas”, in arXiv:

intuitionistic logic
intuitionistic logic

(logic) Describing an extended form of intuitionistic logic


anarcho-Marxism

(anarchism, Marxism) Anarchist theory that incorporates Marxism.


Chaon

Andromache informs Aeneas that Helenus named the region Chaonia after the Trojan Chaon (334-5).

1997, Michael Paschalis, Virgil's Aeneid: Semantic Relations and Proper Names, Oxford University Press (Clarendon Press), page 132:

(Greek mythology) A character in Virgil's Aeneid: a Trojan hero, a companion or perhaps brother of Helenus, and the eponym of Chaonia and the Chaonians.


addressation

The concept of a (deconfining) thermal ground state, composed of certain solutions to the fundamental, classical Yang-Mills equation, allows for a unified addressation of both (classical) wave- and (quantum) particle-like excitations thereof..

2016, Ralf Hofmann, “SU(2) Yang-Mills Theory: Waves, Particles, and Quantum Thermodynamics”, in arXiv:

(philosophy) The identification, by an addresse, of an address of an assertion intended by a speaker


Nut

Borrowed from Egyptian nwt (“Nut, sky”).

Not (alternative)
Nunut (alternative)
Nenet (alternative)
Nuit (alternative)

(Egyptian mythology) The goddess who serves as the personification of the sky.


Chironic

en-adj

Chironic (comparative more Chironic, superlative most Chironic)

more Chironic (comparative)
most Chironic (superlative)

(astrology) Pertaining to Chiron, an asteroid-comet Centaur


Chironian

(Greek mythology, astronomy) Pertaining to Chiron.


Epona

Ultimately from a suffixed form of Gaulish epos (“horse”), from Proto-Celtic *ekʷos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁éḱwos.

(mythology) In Gallo-Roman religion, a goddess of fertility and protector of horses, ponies, donkeys, and mules.


Ino

(Greek mythology) A queen of Boeotia who, after her death and transfiguration, was worshipped as a goddess under the epithet Leucothea.


converse antonym

en-noun

converse antonym (plural converse antonyms)

Converse antonyms describe the same relation or activity from different perspectives, and follow patterns like: if X is p to Y, then Y is q to X. [...]
a. Bill is Madeline's parent. → Madeline is Bill's child.
b. John gives to Oxfam. → Oxfam receives from John.
c. Scotland is above England. → England is below Scotland.

2010, M. Lynne Murphy, Lexical Meaning, page 120:

(linguistics, philosophy, semantics) Either of a pair of terms that name or describe a single relationship from opposite perspectives, such as parent versus child.


contradictory antonym

contradictory antonym (plural contradictory antonyms)

complementary antonym
complementary antonym#English

(linguistics, philosophy, semantics) complementary antonym


Palatua

(Roman mythology) The tutelary goddess of the Palatine.


functionhood

He did not distill the essential idea of functionhood: that to each x in the domain there corresponds a unique y in the range.

1999, William Dunham, Euler: The Master of Us All, The Mathematical Association of America, published 1999, page 17:

(mathematics, logic, grammar) The state or quality of being a function.


Vestal

(mythology) Alternative form of vestal (Pertaining to the goddess Vesta)


AWALT

Coordinate term: NAMALT

I'm from Russia. It's not better there than it is anywhere else... . stop thinking different places are better about women or whatnot. You're forgetting the single most important rule. AWALT [All Women Are Like That].

2019, "CzarCronik", quoted in Amanda DiGioia, Duelling, the Russian Cultural Imagination, and Masculinity in Crisis, unnumbered page

In expressing any attitude beyond the “it’s over” narrative, or refusing to believe AWALT, the incel is denoted as “coping”, a negatively charged label indicating that you have yet to completely swallow the blackpill, and are therefore naïve and “low IQ”.

2020, Katrine Rummelhoff, "Incels and Misogyny; what’s so appealing about hatred?", thesis submitted to the University of Oslo, pages 59-60

Personal stories about unhappy relationships, cheating partners and manipulative ex-wives were often described in detail, usually to illustrate AWALT and serve as the basis for the MGTOW lifestyle.

2020, Scott Wright, Verity Trott, Callum Jones, “‘The pussy ain’t worth it, bro’: assessing the discourse and structure of MGTOW”, in Information, Communication & Society, volume 23:

(manosphere slang) Initialism of all women are like that.


Pyrrha

(Greek mythology) The wife of Deucalion.


Creon

Creone (alternative)
Kreon (alternative)

It has often been observed that Creon imputes corrupt motives (here and to Teiresias), because this was a level of motivation within his comprehension.

1980, R. P. Winnington-Ingram, Sophocles: An Interpretation, →ISBN, page 126:

Above all -- and this is of central importance in connection with the legal implications -- it is essential to understand that Creon must emerge as an appropriate counterweight to the obsessive energy of Antigone: that "Antigone's fate provides the foil for Creon and, in turn, Creon's fate becomes evident only against the background of Antigone's desitiny.

2003, Theodore Ziolkowski, The Mirror of Justice: Literary Reflections of Legal Crises, →ISBN, page 152:

Perhaps more than any other figure in the Oedipus Trilogy, Creon, Oedipus' brother-in-law, seems to be a very different character in each of the plays.

2011, Regina Higgins, Charles Higgins, Cliffs Notes on Sophocles' Oedipus Trilogy, →ISBN, page 81:

(Greek mythology) King of Thebes, noted primarily in the stories of Antigone and Oedipus.


RAT

RAT (countable and uncountable, plural RATs)

relevant alternatives theory
w:relevant alternatives theory

(philosophy, uncountable) Initialism of relevant alternatives theory.


egocentric predicament

(philosophy) The problem of not being able to view reality outside of our own perceptions.


neo-Trotskyist

en-adj

neo-Trotskyist (comparative more neo-Trotskyist, superlative most neo-Trotskyist)

more neo-Trotskyist (comparative)
most neo-Trotskyist (superlative)

(communism) Of or pertaining to neo-Trotskyism.


neo-Trotskyist

(communism) A proponent of neo-Trotskyism.


Ogygia

/əʊˈdʒɪdʒiə/

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ὠγυγία (Ōgugía).

(Greek mythology) The island home of the nymph Calypso, where she entertained Odysseus for seven years.


speculative realism

(philosophy) A movement in contemporary philosophy that defines itself loosely in its stance of metaphysical realism against the dominant forms of post-Kantian philosophy (or what it terms correlationism).


Valgrind

From Old Norse Valgrind, from valr (“dead warrior”) + grind (“gate”).

(Norse mythology) The main entrance to Valhalla in Norse mythology.


Gello

From Ancient Greek Γελλώ (Gellṓ), perhaps from Akkadian; see Γελλώ (Gellṓ) for more.

spontaneous abortion
spontaneous abortion

(Greek mythology) A female demon or revenant who threatens the reproductive cycle by causing infertility, spontaneous abortion, and infant mortality.


Thyestes

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Θυέστης (Thuéstēs).

(Greek mythology) A king of Olympia; the son of Pelops and Hippodamia; and father of Pelopia and Aegisthus. He and his brother Atreus were exiled by their father for having murdered their half-brother Chrysippus.


Ladon

(Greek mythology) A serpent-like dragon that twined around the tree in the Garden of the Hesperides and guarded the golden apples.


pisteology

From Ancient Greek πίστις (pístis, “faith”) + -ology.

The assertion of a receptivity in man, the Catholic-type conception of the gratia preveniens which runs alongside this receptivity, the mystical culmination of this pisteology, are all elements of a speculative basic approach which can even be seen here, in Dorner.

2002, Karl Barth, Protestant Theology in the Nineteenth Century, page 568:

(philosophy, rare) The science or study of faith.


Byblis

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Βυβλίς (Bublís).

(Greek mythology) A daughter of Miletus who fell in love with Caunus, her twin brother.


Thalestris

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Θάληστρις (Thálēstris).

Victory must now have fallen to the side of the travellers (for the bravest troops must yield to numbers) had not Susan the chambermaid come luckily to support her mistress. This Susan was as two-handed a wench (according to the phrase) as any in the country, and would, I believe, have beat the famed Thalestris herself, or any of her subject Amazons; for her form was robust and man-like, and every way made for such encounters.

1749, Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, volume (please specify |volume=I to VI), London: A[ndrew] Millar, […], →OCLC:

(Greek mythology) The queen of the Amazons, said to have brought 300 women to Alexander the Great, hoping to breed a race of children as strong and intelligent as he.