kill

en-verb

kill (third-person singular simple present kills, present participle killing, simple past and past participle killed)

kills (present singular third-person)
killing (participle present)
killed (participle past)
killed (past)
kill (infinitive)
kill (first-person present singular)
killed (first-person past singular)
kill (present second-person singular)
killest (archaic present second-person singular)
killed (past second-person singular)
killedst (archaic past second-person singular)
kills (present singular third-person)
killeth (archaic present singular third-person)
killed (past singular third-person)
kill (plural present)
killed (past plural)
kill (present subjunctive)
killed (past subjunctive)
kill (imperative present)
killing (participle present)
killed (participle past)

From Middle English killen, kyllen, cüllen (“to strike, beat, cut”), of obscure origin. Cognate with Scots kele, keil (“to kill”).
* Perhaps from unattested Old English *cyllan, from Proto-West Germanic *kwulljan, from Proto-Germanic *kwuljaną, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷelH- (“to throw, hit, hurt by throwing”).
* Or, possibly a variant of Old English cwellan (“to kill, murder, execute”) (see quell).
* Or, from Old Norse kolla (“to hit on the head, harm”), related to Norwegian kylla (“to poll”), Middle Dutch kollen (“to knock down”), Icelandic kollur (“top, head”); see also coll, cole).
Compare also Saterland Frisian källe (“to hurt”), Middle Dutch kellen (“to kill, hurt”), Middle Low German kellen, killen (“to ache strongly, cause one great pain”) (whence German Low German kellen, killen (“to hurt, injure, torment, vex”)), Middle High German kellen (“to torment; torture”).

cog

l-vocalizing: UK, General Australian, New Zealand


blue

en-verb

blue (third-person singular simple present blues, present participle blueing or bluing, simple past and past participle blued)

blues (present singular third-person)
blueing (participle present)
bluing (participle present)
blued (participle past)
blued (past)
blew (alternative obsolete)
blewe (alternative obsolete)

From Middle English blewe, from Anglo-Norman blew (“blue”), from Middle French bleu, from Old French blöe, bleve, blef (“blue”), from Frankish *blāu (“blue”) (perhaps through a Late Latin blāvus, blāvius (“blue”) attested from Isidore of Seville), from Proto-Germanic *blēwaz (“blue, dark blue”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰlēw- (“yellow, blond, grey”).
Cognate with dialectal English blow (“blue”), Scots blue, blew (“blue”), North Frisian bla, blö (“blue”), Saterland Frisian blau (“blue”), Dutch blauw (“blue”), German blau (“blue”), Danish, Norwegian and Swedish blå (“blue”), Icelandic blár (“blue”), Latin flāvus (“yellow”), French bleu (“blue”), Middle Irish blá (“yellow”). Doublet of blow.
Possibly related also to English blee (“colour”), from Old English blēo (“colour”); but direct derivatives of Proto-Germanic *blēwaz (“blue, dark blue”) in Old English include: Old English blāw and blēo (“blue”), Old English blǣwen (“bluish, light-blue”), blǣhǣwen (“blue-coloured, bluish, violet or purple colour”, literally “blue-hued”). There seems to be a parallel connection in Germanic between words for blue and colour, dually exemplified by Proto-West Germanic *blīu (“colour, blee”) and *blāu (“blue”); and Proto-Germanic *hiwją (“colour, hue”) and *hēwijaz (“blue, purple”).
The sense "obscene, pornographic" is apparently from the colour; various theories exist as to how it arose, including that it is from the colour of the envelopes used to contain missives of the censors and managers to vaudevillian performers on objectionable material from their acts that needed to be excised.

m+

(transitive, metallurgy) To treat the surface of steel so that it is passivated chemically and becomes more resistant to rust.


green

en-adj

green (comparative greener, superlative greenest)

greener (comparative)
greenest (superlative)

Bislama: grin

→ Marshallese: kūriin

Tok Pisin: grin

Etymology tree
Proto-Germanic *grōniz
Proto-Indo-European *-h₂
Proto-Indo-European *-ih₂
Proto-Germanic *-į̄
Proto-West Germanic *-ī
Proto-West Germanic *grōnī
Old English grēne
Middle English grene
English green
From Middle English grene, from Old English grēne, from Proto-West Germanic *grōnī, from Proto-Germanic *grōniz, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰreh₁- (“to grow”). More at grow. Doublet of Gruen.
See also North Frisian green, West Frisian grien, Dutch groen, Low German grön, green, greun, German grün, Danish and Norwegian Nynorsk grøn, Swedish grön, Norwegian Bokmål grønn, Icelandic grænn.
The sense of obscene, pornographic, or sexual in the Philippines is from a calque of Spanish verde.

der

the grass is always greener on the other side of the road

The pressure required to obtain a given green density depends upon the metal powder material being pressed. Excessive pressures can present some complex problems such as punch and die fractures, slip cracks and cleavage fractures in the green part. Although high pressures are required for pressing high density shapes they should not be excessive.

2014 April 17, Michael Russo, “Understanding the Powdered Metal Process: Spotlight on Compacting”, in National Bronze, archived from the original on 2024-10-14:

(metallurgy) Of or pertaining to a part formed from compacted metal powder which has not yet undergone sintering to improve its strength.


invest

en-verb

invest (third-person singular simple present invests, present participle investing, simple past and past participle invested)

invests (present singular third-person)
investing (participle present)
invested (participle past)
invested (past)

Borrowed from Middle French investir or Medieval Latin investire, from Latin investio (“to clothe, cover”), from in- (“in, on”) + vestio (“to clothe, dress”), from vestis (“clothing”); see vest. The sense “to spend money etc.” probably via Italian investire, of the same root.

надели́ть

полномочиями, властью, правами

(metallurgy) To prepare for lost wax casting by creating an investment mold (a mixture of a silica sand and plaster).


alligator

]
From early Modern English alligater, alligarta, aligarto, alegarto, alagarto, from Spanish el lagarto (“the lizard”), from Latin lacertus (“lizard”), modern spelling possibly influenced by the unrelated Latin alligator (“one who binds”).

Any of various machines with strong jaws, one of which opens like the movable jaw of an alligator.

(metalworking) A form of squeezer for the puddle ball.


soak

soak (third-person singular simple present soaks, present participle soaking, simple past and past participle soaked)

soaks (present singular third-person)
soaking (participle present)
soaked (participle past)
soaked (past)

From Middle English soken, from Old English socian (“to soak, steep”, literally “to cause to suck (up)”), from Proto-Germanic *sukōną (“to soak”), causative of Proto-Germanic *sūkaną (“to suck”). Cognate with Middle Dutch soken (“to cause to suck”). More at suck.

inh

(metallurgy, transitive) To heat (a metal) before shaping it.


grind

en-verb

grind (third-person singular simple present grinds, present participle grinding, simple past and past participle ground or grinded)

grinds (present singular third-person)
grinding (participle present)
ground (participle past)
ground (past)
grinded (participle past)
grinded (past)
grind (infinitive)
grind (first-person present singular)
ground (first-person past singular)
grind (present second-person singular)
grindest (archaic present second-person singular)
ground (past second-person singular)
groundst (archaic past second-person singular)
groundest (archaic past second-person singular)
grinds (present singular third-person)
grindeth (archaic present singular third-person)
ground (past singular third-person)
grind (plural present)
ground (past plural)
grind (present subjunctive)
ground (past subjunctive)
grind (imperative present)
grinding (participle present)
ground (participle past)
grounden (archaic participle past)
grind (infinitive)
grind (first-person present singular)
grinded (first-person past singular)
grind (present second-person singular)
grinded (past second-person singular)
grinds (present singular third-person)
grinded (past singular third-person)
grind (plural present)
grinded (past plural)
grind (present subjunctive)
grinded (past subjunctive)
grind (imperative present)
grinding (participle present)
grinded (participle past)

From Middle English grynden, from Old English grindan, from Proto-West Germanic *grindan, from Proto-Germanic *grindaną.
Cognate with Saterland Frisian gríende, griene (“to grind, mill”), Dutch grinden (“to grind”, rare) and grind (“gravel, shingle”), Albanian grind (“to brawl, fight”).

the mill cannot grind with water that is past

(metalworking) To remove material by rubbing with an abrasive surface.

шлифовам

to remove material by rubbing with an abrasive surface


spelt

The noun is from Middle English spelt, from Old English spelt, connected with the verb. Compare speld and German Spelze (“husk”).
The adjective is from Middle English spelt, probably a contraction of spelked, past participle of spelken (“to bruise (beans)”), itself of obscure origin. Compare Scots spilkings (“split peas”), the later verb, and perhaps also splet.
The verb is probably from the adjective. Compare earlier spald, speld.


bright

en-adj

bright (comparative brighter, superlative brightest)

brighter (comparative)
brightest (superlative)

The adjective is from Middle English bright, from Old English beorht, from Proto-West Germanic *berht, from Proto-Germanic *berhtaz (“bright”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerHǵ- (“to shine, to gleam, whiten”).
The noun is derived from Middle English bright (“brightness, brilliance; daylight; light”), from bright (adjective): see above.
The English word is cognate with Albanian bardhë (“white”), Dutch brecht (in personal names), Icelandic bjartur (“bright”), Lithuanian brekšta (“to dawn”), Middle Irish brafad (“blink of an eye”), Norwegian bjart (“bright, clear, shining”), Persian برازیدن (barâzidan, “to beautify; to befit”), Northern Luri بڵێز (bełız, “blaze”) Russian бре́зжить (brézžitʹ, “to dawn; to flicker faintly, glimmer; (figuratively) of a hope, thought, etc.: to begin to manifest, emerge”), Sanskrit भ्राजते (bhrājate), Scots bricht (“bright”), Welsh berth (“beautiful, fair, fine”) (obsolete).

cog

the candle that burns twice as bright burns half as long

(metallurgy) Of a metal object or surface: lacking any protective coating or surface treatment for the prevention of corrosion.


shear

en-noun

shear (countable and uncountable, plural shears)

From Middle English sheren, scheren, from Old English sċieran (“to shear; to shave”), from Proto-West Germanic *skeran, from Proto-Germanic *skeraną, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to cut”).
Cognate with West Frisian skarre, Low German scheren, Dutch scheren, German scheren, Danish skære, Norwegian Bokmål skjære, Norwegian Nynorsk skjera, Swedish skära, Finnish keritä; and (from Indo-European) with Ancient Greek κείρω (keírō, “I cut off”), Latin caro (“flesh”), Albanian shqerr (“to tear, cut”), harr (“to cut, to mow”), Lithuanian ski̇̀rti (“separate”), Welsh ysgar (“separate”). See also sharp.

inh

(metalworking) A large machine use for cutting sheet metal.


sweep

From Middle English swepen, from Proto-West Germanic *swaipijan (unattested in Old English), from Proto-Germanic *swaipijaną. Cognate with Early Modern West Frisian swiepe (“whip, cleanse, sweep”), from Old Frisian swēpa, suepa (“sweep”). More distantly related to Old Norse sveipa (whence Swedish svepa). See also swoop.

cog

(metalworking) A movable template for making moulds, in loam moulding.


ball

en-verb

ball (third-person singular simple present balls, present participle balling, simple past and past participle balled)

balls (present singular third-person)
balling (participle present)
balled (participle past)
balled (past)

From Middle English bal, ball, balle, from an unattested Old English *beall, *bealla (“round object, ball”) or Old Norse bǫllr (“a ball”), both from Proto-Germanic *balluz, *ballô (“ball”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰol-n- (“ball, bubble”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰel- (“to blow, inflate, swell”). Cognate with Old Saxon ball, Dutch bal, Old High German bal, ballo (German Ball (“ball”); Ballen (“bale”)). Related forms in Romance are borrowings from Germanic. See also balloon, bale.

der

(metalworking) To heat in a furnace and form into balls for rolling.


iron

en-noun

iron (countable and uncountable, plural irons)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-iron.wav

From Middle English iren, from Old English īsern, īsærn, īren, īsen, from Proto-West Germanic *īsarn, from Proto-Germanic *īsarną (“iron”), from Proto-Celtic *īsarnom (“iron”), a derivation from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésh₂r̥ (“blood”).

en:any nonsteel material mostly made of Fe

(uncountable, countable, metallurgy) Any material, not a steel, predominantly made of elemental iron.


short

en-adj

short (comparative shorter, superlative shortest)

shorter (comparative)
shortest (superlative)

tall

antonym(s) of “having a small distance between ends or edges”

tall

antonym(s) of “of a person, of comparatively little height”

long

antonym(s) of “cricket, of a fielder or fielding position, relatively close to the batsman”

long

antonym(s) of “financial position expecting falling value”

From Middle English schort, short, from Old English sċeort, sċort (“short”), from Proto-West Germanic *skurt, from Proto-Germanic *skurtaz (“short”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker-. Doublet of curt.
Cognates
Cognate with shirt, skirt, curt, Scots short, schort (“short”), French court, Dutch kort, German kurz, Old High German scurz (“short”) (whence Middle High German schurz), Old Norse skorta (“to lack”) (whence Danish skorte), Albanian shkurt (“short, brief”), Latin curtus (“shortened, incomplete”) and Proto-Slavic *kortъkъ. Doublet of curt. More at shirt.

little

I chose to interpret the references to butter and sugar as indicating that a short pastry was required. (Later editions suggest a biscuit-like texture.)

2013, Heston Blumenthal, Historic Heston, →ISBN, page 122:

(baking, of pastries; metallurgy) Brittle, crumbly. (See shortbread, shortcake, shortcrust, shortening, hot short, cold-short.)


flash

en-verb

flash (third-person singular simple present flashes, present participle flashing, simple past and past participle flashed)

flashes (present singular third-person)
flashing (participle present)
flashed (participle past)
flashed (past)

In some senses, from Middle English flasshen, a variant of flasken, flaskien (“to sprinkle, splash”), which was likely of imitative origin; in other senses probably of North Germanic origin akin to Swedish dialectal flasa (“to burn brightly, blaze”), related to flare. Compare also Icelandic flasa (“to rush, go hastily”).

onomatopoeic

imitative

(metallurgy) To release the pressure from a pressurized vessel.


blooming

en-noun

blooming (countable and uncountable, plural bloomings)

(metallurgy) The process of making blooms from the ore or from cast iron.


burden

From Middle English burden, birden, burthen, birthen, byrthen, from Old English byrden, byrþen, from Proto-West Germanic *burþini, from *burþī, from Proto-Germanic *burþį̄, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer- (“to carry, bear”).

der

Rossiter W[orthington] Raymond
w:Rossiter W. Raymond

(metalworking) The proportion of ore and flux to fuel, in the charge of a blast furnace.


pipe

en-verb

pipe (third-person singular simple present pipes, present participle piping, simple past and past participle piped)

pipes (present singular third-person)
piping (participle present)
piped (participle past)
piped (past)

From Middle English pīpe, pype (“hollow cylinder or tube used as a conduit or container; duct or vessel of the body; musical instrument; financial records maintained by the English Exchequer, pipe roll”), from Old English pīpe (“pipe (musical instrument); the channel of a small stream”), from Proto-West Germanic *pīpā. Reinforced by Vulgar Latin *pīpa, from Latin pipire, pipiare, pipare, from pīpiō (“to chirp, peep”), of imitative origin. Doublet of fife.
The “storage container” and “liquid measure” senses are derived from Middle English pīpe (“large storage receptacle, particularly for wine; cask, vat; measure of volume”), from pīpe (above) and Old French pipe (“liquid measure”). In specific contexts, calques similar units of measure such as Portuguese pipa.
The verb is from Middle English pīpen, pypyn (“to play a pipe; to make a shrill sound; to speak with a high-pitched tone”), from Old English pīpian (“to pipe”).

onomatopoeic

imitative

inh

(intransitive, metallurgy) Of a metal ingot: to become hollow in the process of solidifying.


drag

en-noun

drag (countable and uncountable, plural drags)

From Middle English draggen (“to drag”), early Middle English dragen (“to draw, carry”), confluence of Old English dragan (“to drag, draw, draw oneself, go, protract”) and Old Norse draga (“to draw, attract”); both from Proto-Germanic *draganą (“to draw, drag”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰregʰ- (“to draw, drag”).
Verb sense influenced due to association with the noun drag (“that which is hauled or dragged”), related to Low German dragge (“a drag-anchor, grapnel”). Cognate with Danish drægge (“to dredge”), Danish drage (“to draw, attract”), Swedish dragga (“to drag, drag anchor, sweep”), Swedish draga (“to draw, go”), Icelandic draga (“to drag, pull”). Doublet of draw.

cog

(metallurgy) The bottom part of a flask or mould, the upper part being the cope.


STS

en-noun

STS (countable and uncountable, plural STSs)

special treatment steel
w:special treatment steel

(metallurgy, military, nautical, historical) Initialism of special treatment steel (a type of homogenous armor plate).


well

From Middle English welle, from Old English wielle (“well”), from Proto-West Germanic *wallijā, from Proto-Germanic *wallijǭ (“well, swirl, wave”), from Proto-Indo-European *welH- (“to turn; wind; roll”).
Cognate with West Frisian wel (“well”), Dutch wel (“well”), German Low German Well (“well”), German Welle (“wave”), Danish væld (“well; spring”), Swedish väl (“well”), Icelandic vella (“boiling; bubbling; eruption”).

cog

wool (interjection or unstressed, some accents)

the jug goes to the well until it breaks

the pitcher goes so often to the well that it is broken at last

you don't miss the water till the well runs dry

you never miss the water till the well runs dry

you never miss the water until the well runs dry

(metalworking) The lower part of a furnace, into which the metal falls.


amalgam

en-noun

amalgam (countable and uncountable, plural amalgams)

From Medieval Latin amalgama (“mercury alloy”), from Arabic اَلْمَلْغَم (al-malḡam, “emollient poultice or unguent for sores”), from Ancient Greek μάλαγμα (málagma, “emollient; malleable material”), from μαλάσσω (malássō, “to soften”), from μαλακός (malakós, “soft”). Doublet of malagma. For the verb, compare French amalgamer.

der

(metallurgy) An alloy containing mercury.


bar

en-noun

bar (countable and uncountable, plural bars)

→ Albanian: bar m

→ Arabic: بَار m (bār)

→ Armenian: բար (bar)

→ Bulgarian: бар (bar)

→ Burmese: ဘား (bha:)

→ Chichewa: bála

→ Cantonese: 吧 (baa¹)

→ Czech: bar m

→ Danish: bar c

→ Dutch: bar m

→ Esperanto: baro

→ Estonian: baar

→ French: bar m
→ Romanian: bar

→ Galician: bar m

→ Georgian: ბარი (bari)

→ German: Bar f

→ Greek: μπαρ n (bar)

→ Gulf Arabic: بار (bār)

→ Hebrew: בָּר (bar), בָּאר (bár)

→ Hungarian: bár (also via German)

→ Icelandic: bar m

→ Irish: beár m

→ Italian: bar m

→ Japanese: バー (bā)

→ Khmer: បារ (baa)

→ Korean: 바 (ba)

→ Lithuanian: bãras m

→ Macedonian: бар m (bar)

→ Malagasy: ba

→ Mandarin: 吧 (bā)

→ Norwegian:

Bokmål: bar m

Nynorsk: bar m

→ Persian: بار (bâr)

→ Polish: bar m

→ Portuguese: bar m

→ Russian: бар m (bar)

→ Serbo-Croatian: ба̑р m, bȃr m

→ Slovene: bȃr m

→ Spanish: bar m

→ Swahili: baa

→ Swedish: bar c (see there for further descendants)

→ Thai: บาร์ (baa)

→ Turkish: bar

→ Xhosa: íbhári

→ Zulu: ibha

From Middle English barre, from Old French barre (“beam, bar, gate, barrier”), from Vulgar Latin *barra, of uncertain origin. Doublet of barre.

der

Ancient Sparta used iron bars instead of handy coins in more valuable alloy, to physically discourage the use of money.

We are expecting a carload of bar tomorrow.

(countable, uncountable, metallurgy) A solid metal object with uniform (round, square, hexagonal, octagonal or rectangular) cross-section; in the US its smallest dimension is ¹⁄₄ inch or greater, a piece of thinner material being called a strip.

staaf

metallurgy: solid object of round, square, hexagonal, octagonal or rectangular section


pole

en-verb

pole (third-person singular simple present poles, present participle poling, simple past and past participle poled)

poles (present singular third-person)
poling (participle present)
poled (participle past)
poled (past)

From Middle English pole, pal, from Old English pāl (“a pole, stake, post; a kind of hoe or spade”), from Proto-West Germanic *pāl (“pole”), from Latin pālus (“stake, pale, prop, stay”), perhaps from Old Latin *paxlos, from Proto-Italic *pākslos, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂ǵ- (“to nail, fasten”). Doublet of peel, pale, and palus.
Cognates
Cognate with Scots pale, paill (“stake, pale”), North Frisian pul, pil (“stake, pale”), Saterland Frisian Pool (“pole”), West Frisian poal (“pole”), Dutch paal (“pole”), German Pfahl (“pile, stake, post, pole”), Danish pæl (“pole”), Swedish påle (“pole”), Icelandic páll (“hoe, spade, pale”), Old English fæc (“space of time, while, division, interval; lustrum”).

cog

poll (one pronunciation or with the doll–dole merger)

to pole copper

(transitive, metallurgy) To treat (copper) by blowing natural gas or other reducing agent through the molten oxide, burning off the oxygen.


lathe

From Middle English lathe (“turning-lathe; stand”), from Old Norse hlað (“pile, heap”)—compare dialectal Danish lad (“stand, support frame”) (as in drejelad (“turning-lathe”), savelad (“saw bench”)), dialectal Norwegian la, lad (“pile, small wall”), dialectal Swedish lad (“folding table, lay of a loom”)—from hlaða (“to load”). More at lade.

inh

He shaped the bedpost by turning it on a lathe.

1856: Gustave Flaubert, Madame Bovary, Part II Chapter IV, translated by Eleanor Marx-Aveling
Of the windows of the village there was one yet more often occupied; for on Sundays from morning to night, and every morning when the weather was bright, one could see at the dormer-window of the garret the profile of Monsieur Binet bending over his lathe, whose monotonous humming could be heard at the Lion d'Or.

(tools, metalworking, woodworking) A machine tool used to shape a piece of material, or workpiece, by rotating the workpiece against a cutting tool.


stalk

From Middle English stalke, stelke, stalk, perhaps from Old English *stealc, *stielc, *stealuc, from Proto-West Germanic *staluk, *stalik, from Proto-Germanic *stalukaz, *stalikaz, diminutive of Proto-Germanic *stalô, *staluz (“support, stem, stalk”), from Proto-Indo-European *stel- (“to place, stand; be stiff; stud, post, trunk, stake, stem, stalk”). Cognate with Old High German *stelh in wazzarstelh (“wagtail”), Danish stilk (“stalk, stem”), Swedish stjälk (“stalk, stem”), Icelandic stilkur (“stalk, stem”).
Related also to Middle English stale (“ladder upright, stalk”), Old English stalu (“wooden upright”), Middle Low German stal, stale (“chair leg”), Old English stela (“stalk”), Dutch steel (“stalk”), German Stiel (“stalk”), Albanian shtalkë (“crossbeam, board used as a door hinge”), Welsh telm (“frond”), Ancient Greek στειλειή (steileiḗ, “beam”), Old Armenian ստեղն (stełn, “trunk, stalk”).

varsi

something resembling the stalk of a plant

(metalworking) An iron bar with projections inserted in a core to strengthen it; a core arbor.


batter

en-verb

batter (third-person singular simple present batters, present participle battering, simple past and past participle battered)

batters (present singular third-person)
battering (participle present)
battered (participle past)
battered (past)

From Middle English batteren, batren, bateren, a frequentative of Middle English batten, baten (“to beat”), equivalent to bat + -er (frequentative suffix).

(metalworking) To flatten (metal) by hammering, so as to compress it inwardly and spread it outwardly.


pattern

From earlier patten, paterne, from Middle English patron (“patron; example”), from Old French patron, from Medieval Latin patrōnus (“patron”). Doublet of padrone, patron, Patronus, and patroon.

skemo

intelligible arrangement which has a mathematical, geometric, statistical etc. relationship

From this point those who became pupils went on to a further series of shops, usually commencing with the pattern shop. […] However, some of us did make quite reasonable patterns and had the satisfaction of seeing castings produced from them but, sad to say, many of these efforts were used as firewood after they had left the shop.

1944 November and December, A Former Pupil, “Some Memories of Crewe Works—II”, in Railway Magazine, page 341:

But instead, the distinctive ironwork and glass platform awnings have been carefully refurbished, while making them compatible with the overhead wiring. Kettering's island Platform 2/3 is especially noteworthy. Although it dates from 1879, when the station was enlarged to four platforms, the same original (1857) patterns for the delicate cast-ironwork seem to have been used - […].

2022 December 14, Robin Leleux, “A royal occasion as heritage projects honoured: Kettering”, in RAIL, number 972, page 56:

(metalworking, dated) A full-sized model around which a mould of sand is made, to receive the melted metal. It is usually made of wood and in several parts, so as to be removed from the mould without damage.


reduce

en-verb

reduce (third-person singular simple present reduces, present participle reducing, simple past and past participle reduced)

reduces (present singular third-person)
reducing (participle present)
reduced (participle past)
reduced (past)

From Middle English reducen, from Old French reduire, from Latin redūcō (“reduce”); from re- (“back”) + dūcō (“lead”). See duke, and compare with redoubt.

(transitive, metallurgy) To produce metal from ore by removing nonmetallic elements in a smelter.

pelkistää

metallurgy: to produce metal from ore by removing nonmetallic elements in a smelter


ladle

From Middle English ladel, from Old English hlædel, derived from Proto-Germanic *hlaþaną (“to load”), from Proto-Indo-European *kleh₂- (“to put, lay out”), same source as Lithuanian kloti (“to spread”), equivalent to lade + -le (“agent suffix”).

inh

(metallurgy) A container used in a foundry to transport and pour out molten metal.


match

→ Azerbaijani: matç

→ Belarusian: матч (matč)

→ Bengali: ম্যাচ (mêc)

→ Catalan: matx

→ Crimean Tatar: matç

→ Dutch: match

→ Egyptian Arabic: ماتش

→ Esperanto: matĉo

→ Estonian: matš

→ Finnish: matsi

desctree

→ French: match
→ Ladino: mach
→ Romanian: meci
→ Turkish: maç

→ German: Match

→ Greek: ματς (mats)

→ Hindi: मैच (maic)

→ Hungarian: meccs

→ Japanese: マッチ (matchi)

→ Latvian: mačs

→ Polish: mecz
→ Kashubian: mecz

→ Russian: матч (matč)
→ Armenian: մատչ (matčʻ)

→ Swahili: mechi

→ Ukrainian: матч (matč)

→ Welsh: matsh

From Middle English macche, mecche, from Old English mæċċa, ġemæċċa (“companion, mate, wife, one suited to another”), from Proto-West Germanic *makkjō, *gamakkjō (“partner, equal”), from Proto-Germanic *makô, from Proto-Indo-European *mag- (“to knead, work”). Compare Danish mage (“mate”), Icelandic maki (“spouse”).

der

(metalworking) A perforated board, block of plaster, hardened sand, etc., in which a pattern is partly embedded when a mould is made, for giving shape to the surfaces of separation between the parts of the mould.


roast

en-verb

roast (third-person singular simple present roasts, present participle roasting, simple past and past participle roasted)

roasts (present singular third-person)
roasting (participle present)
roasted (participle past)
roasted (past)
rost (alternative obsolete)

From Middle English rosten, a borrowing from Old French rostir (“to roast, to torture with fire”), from Frankish *rōstijan (“to roast, broil”), from Proto-Germanic *raustijaną (“to roast”), from Proto-Indo-European *rews- (“to crackle; roast”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian rosterje (“to roast”), Dutch roosten, roosteren (“to roast”), German rösten (“to roast”).
Displaced native Middle English breden, bræden (“to roast”), from Old English brǣdan, related to German braten (“to roast, grill”).

der

(metalworking) To dissipate the volatile parts of by heat, as ores.


duplex

PIE word
 *dwóh₁
Borrowed from Latin duplex (“double, two-fold”), from duo (“two”) + plico (“fold together”); compare the roots of διπλόος (diplóos, “double”); compare also πλέκω (plékō, “twist, braid”). By surface analysis, duo- + -plex.

Duplex stainless steels have been classified according to the first period (1930–1960) and second period (1960–1990). The designations for these duplex alloys in the United States have been primarily according to Unified Numbering System (UNS) numbers in the S3xxx.x series.

2010, Harold M. Cobb, The History of Stainless Steel, Materials Park, O.H.: ASM International, →ISBN, page 189:

(metallurgy) Of stainless steel: having a structure containing austenite and ferrite in roughly equal proportions.

duplex-

metallurgy: of stainless steel, containing austenite and ferrite in roughly equal proportions


raise

en-verb

raise (third-person singular simple present raises, present participle raising, simple past and past participle raised)

raises (present singular third-person)
raising (participle present)
raised (participle past)
raised (past)

From Middle English reysen, raisen, reisen, from Old Norse reisa (“to raise”), from Proto-Germanic *raisijaną, *raizijaną (“to raise”), causative form of Proto-Germanic *rīsaną (“to rise”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rey- (“to rise, arise”). According to Kroonen (2013), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃er- (“to stir, rise”).
Cognate with Old English rāsian (“to explore, examine, research”), Old English rīsan (“to seize, carry off”), Old English rǣran (“to raise”). Doublet of rear.

whakahī

Referring to lifting the pitch of a musical note

hāpai

Of lifting an object to a higher elevation

hī

Refers to raising an eyebrow in scepticism

raise oneself up by one's own bootstraps

(physical) To cause to rise; to lift or elevate.

(metalworking, transitive) To emboss (sheet metal), or to form it into cup-shaped or hollow articles, by hammering, stamping, or spinning.


gate

From Middle English gate, gat, ȝate, ȝeat, from Old English ġeat (“gate”), from Proto-West Germanic *gat, from Proto-Germanic *gatą (“hole, opening”).
See also Old Norse gat, Swedish and Dutch gat, Low German Gaat, Gööt.

(metalworking) The channel or opening through which metal is poured into the mould; the ingate.


dozen

dozens (plural)
dozen (plural)
doz (alternative)

→ Bengali: ডজন (ḍojon)

⇒ Chinese: 打 (dá)

→ Vietnamese: tá

→ Hindi: दर्जन (darjan)

→ Fiji Hindi: darjan

desctree

⇒ Japanese: ダース (dāsu)
→ Korean: 다스 (daseu)

→ Manx: dussan

→ Maori: taihana

→ Scottish Gaelic: dusan

→ Swahili: dazeni

→ Welsh: dwsin

From Middle English dozen, dozein, doseyne, from Old French dozaine (“a group of twelve”) (Modern French douzaine), from doze (“twelve”) + -aine (“-ish”), from Latin duodecim (“twelve”) (from duo (“two”) + decem (“ten”)) + -ana (“-ish”).

der

The dozen as a measure for iron ore remained almost completely constant at 12 cwts. during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.

1957, H.R. Schubert, History of the British Iron and Steel Industry, page 139:

(metallurgy) An old English measure of ore containing 12 hundredweight.


gad

From Middle English gad, gadde, borrowed from Old Norse gaddr (“goad, spike”), from Proto-Germanic *gazdaz (“spike, rod, stake”). Doublet of goad and yard.

Twice a day a 'gad' of iron, i.e., a bloom weighing 1 cwt. was produced, which took from six to seven hours.

1957, H.R. Schubert, History of the British Iron and Steel Industry, page 146:

(dated, metallurgy) An indeterminate measure of metal produced by a furnace, sometimes equivalent to a bloom weighing around 100 pounds.


rap

en-verb

rap (third-person singular simple present raps, present participle rapping, simple past and past participle rapped)

raps (present singular third-person)
rapping (participle present)
rapped (participle past)
rapped (past)

From Middle English rappen, of North Germanic origin, related to Swedish rappa (“to strike, beat, rap”), German rappeln (“to rattle”).

(metalworking) To free (a pattern) in a mould by light blows on the pattern, so as to facilitate its removal.


lance

From Middle English launce, from Old French lance, from Latin lancea.

(metallurgy) A small iron rod which suspends the core of the mold in casting a shell.


cheek

en-noun

cheek (countable and uncountable, plural cheeks)

From Middle English cheeke, cheke, cheoke, choke, from Old English ċēce, ċēace, ċēoce (“cheek; jaw”), from Proto-West Germanic *kākā, *keukā (“jaw, cheek”), from Proto-Germanic *kēkǭ, *keukǭ (“jaw; palate; pharynx”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *ǵyewh₁- (“to chew”).
Cognate with Saterland Frisian Sooke (“cheek”), West Frisian tsjeak (“jaw”), Dutch kaak (“jaw; cheek”), Swedish käke (“jaw; jowl”), Norwegian kjake (“jaw”), Old Norse kók (“mouth; gullet”).

der

(metalworking) The middle section of a flask, made so that it can be moved laterally, to permit the removal of the pattern from the mould.


anneal

en-verb

anneal (third-person singular simple present anneals, present participle annealing, simple past and past participle annealed)

anneals (present singular third-person)
annealing (participle present)
annealed (participle past)
annealed (past)
aneal (alternative)

From Middle English anelen, onelen, from Old English onǣlan (“to burn, ignite, set fire to, consume, heat, enlighten, incite, inflame, inspire, kindle”), from Proto-Germanic *ana (“on”) + Proto-Germanic *ailijaną (“to burn”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eydʰ- (“to burn”). The double-N spelling may have arisen by analogy with Latinate verbs like announce, annex, and annul.
The word is related to Old English onāl (“that which is burnt, burning; incense”), Old English āl (“fire, burning”), Icelandic eldur (“fire”), Swedish eld (“fire, flame”), Danish ild (“fire”).

cog

National Archives and Record Administration

The best tough soft iron, such as will weld round, is drawn into rods by smiths, using charcoal fires, and taking welding heats every time, the rod is about 1.4 inch diameter, 9 or 10 feet long, containing 4lbs. each, tapered at each end to a long point; they are first anealed by being brought to a bright red heat, in a furnace excluding the air as much as possible, for if the air can be entirely excluded, no scab will rise in anealing; […]

1812 March 7, O. E., “The Process of Making Iron Wire”, in H[ezekiah] Niles, editor, The Weekly Register, volume II, number 27, Baltimore, Md.: Printed and published by the editor, at the Franklin Press, South-Street, next door to the Merchants' Coffee-House, →OCLC, page 9:

On closer inspection it appeared that steel annealed at 100° is, cæteris paribus, more easily soluble than glass hard steel; steel annealed at 200° more easily soluble than steel annealed at 100°, and steel annealed at 360° more easily soluble than steel annealed at 200°. […] These curious results were substantiated by annealing one-half of short glass hard rods (ca. 5ᶜᵐ in length) at red heat on dissolving in HCl, the diameter of the soft length is diminished more rapidly than the diameter of the hard length.

1887, C. Barus, V[incenc] Strouhal, “The Effect of Sudden Cooling Exhibited by Glass and by Steel, Considered both Physically and Chemically”, in Report of Work Done in the Division of Chemistry and Physics Mainly During the Fiscal Year 1885–'86 (Bulletins of the United States Geological Survey; no. 42; 50th Congress, 2d session, House of Representatives Miscellaneous Documents; no. 137), volume VII, Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, published 1889, →OCLC, page 123:

The isolated disordered regions and the amorphous layer have widely different anneal behavior. In the case of germanium and silicon, the isolated disordered regions anneal at moderate temperatures of approximately 200° and 300° C, respectively. The amorphous layers also anneal in a characteristic fashion, but at appreciably higher temperatures, i.e., at approximately 600° C in silicon and 400° C in germanium. It should be noted that even though both types of disorder can be annealed at temperatures well below those where diffusion of the dopant species occurs, there are still defects present.

1970, James W[alter] Mayer, Lennart Eriksson, John A[rthur] Davies, “General Features of Ion Implantation”, in Ion Implantation in Semiconductors: Silicon and Germanium, New York, N.Y.: Academic Press, →OCLC, page 5:

I felt his strong bones anneal themselves to my own, his blood vent its bright tide into my veins, the semen of his testicles foam as it dashed in a torrent against mine.

1979, J.G. Ballard, The Unlimited Dream Company, chapter 30:

A properly made, fully sintered and fully annealed metal clay piece should be able to stand up to any traditional metalsmithing technique.

2010, Kate McKinnon, Sculptural Metal Clay Jewelry: Techniques and Explorations, Loveland, Colo.: Interweave Press, →ISBN, page 27:

(metallurgy) To subject to great heat and then (often slow) cooling, and sometimes reheating and further cooling, for the purpose of rendering less brittle; to temper; to toughen.

отгрявам

to subject to great heat and then cooling


anneal

Additional information obtained from counting krypton-85 released during the anneals shows that only fractions of a per cent of the theoretical amount of gas are released […]

1958 October 3, William V. Johnston, The Effect of Transients and Longer-time Anneals on Irradiated Uranium-zirconium Alloys (AEC Research and Development Report; KAPL; 1965), Schenectady, N.Y.: Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory, General Electric Company, page xiii:

In contrast, our work showed that the 100% hydrogen anneal (1160°C for 45 min) led to a defect-free, atomically smooth surface. It should be noted that a high temperature anneal in Ar, H₂, or high vacuum is a well established pre-epitaxial growth step by which a native oxide film is removed to obtain a good quality epitaxial layer[…].

1994, D. M. Lee, D. Ruprecht, D. Hymes, W. Huber, “Surface Characterization of Heat Treated Silicon Wafers”, in H[oward] R. Huff, W. Bergholz, K[ōji] Sumino, editors, Semiconductor Silicon/1994: Proceedings of the Seventh International Symposium on Silicon Materials Science and Technology (Electronics Division Proceedings; 94-10), The Electrochemical Society, →ISBN, page 241:

In the two-step anneal, the low temperature (nucleation) anneal was conducted at 450°C, 650°C, 750°C, or 850°C for various times. Following the low temperature anneal, the samples were heat treated at 1000°C for a total cumulative anneal time of 40 h. All anneals were carried out in a dry nitrogen ambient environment.

1999, C. Y. Kung, F. C. Tsuy, H. M. Lee, S. C. Lee, “The Effect of the Nucleation Temperature on the Variation of the Microstructure of Cz Silicon after Two- and Three-step Anneals”, in T. Abe et al., editors, Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Defects in Silicon (Electronics Division Proceedings; 99-1), Pennington, N.J.: The Electrochemical Society, →ISBN, page 291:

(chemistry, metallurgy) An act of annealing.


loam

en-noun

loam (countable and uncountable, plural loams)

From Middle English lome, lame, lam, from Old English lām (“clay, mud, mire, earth”), from Proto-West Germanic *laim, from Proto-Germanic *laimaz, *laimô (“clay”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂leyH- (“to smear”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian Leem (“loam”), West Frisian liem (“loam”), Dutch leem (“loam”), German Lehm (“loam”). Related also to lime.

der

(metalworking) A mixture of sand, clay, and other materials, used in making moulds for large castings, often without a pattern.


sprue

ли́тник

hole allowing melted material into the mold

(metallurgy) A channel through which molten metal is poured into the mold during the casting process.

(metallurgy) Material that cools in the feed channels to a mold.


quench

en-verb

quench (third-person singular simple present quenches, present participle quenching, simple past quenched, past participle quenched or (obsolete) quent)

quenches (present singular third-person)
quenching (participle present)
quenched (past)
quenched (participle past)
quent (obsolete participle past)

From Middle English quenchen, from Old English cwenċan, from Proto-Germanic *kwankijaną.

The swordsmith quenched the sword in an oil bath so that it wouldn't shatter.

(transitive, metallurgy) To cool rapidly by direct contact with liquid coolant, as a blacksmith quenching hot iron.


whisker

Middle English wisker, whisk (verb) + -er

(metallurgy) A small tendril that forms on metal.


shank

From Middle English schanke, from Old English sċanca (“leg”), from Proto-West Germanic *skankō, from Proto-Germanic *skankô (compare West Frisian skonk, Dutch schenkel, Low German Schanke, German Schenkel (“shank, leg”), Danish skank, Norwegian skank, Swedish skänkel), from *skankaz (compare Old Norse skakkr (“wry, crooked”)), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)keng- (compare Middle Irish scingim (“I spring”), Ancient Greek σκάζω (skázō, “to limp”).

(metalworking) A large ladle for molten metal, fitted with long bars for handling it.


forge

forge (third-person singular simple present forges, present participle forging, simple past and past participle forged)

forges (present singular third-person)
forging (participle present)
forged (participle past)
forged (past)

From Middle English forgen, from Anglo-Norman forger and Old French forgier, from Latin fabrico (“to frame, construct, build”). Doublet of fabricate.

der

non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger

On Mars's armor forged for proof eterne

c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene ii], line 451:

Orion hit a rabbit once; but though sore wounded it got to the bury, and, struggling in, the arrow caught the side of the hole and was drawn out.[…]. Ikey the blacksmith had forged us a spearhead after a sketch from a picture of a Greek warrior; and a rake-handle served as a shaft.

1879, R[ichard] J[efferies], chapter II, in The Amateur Poacher, London: Smith, Elder, & Co., […], →OCLC:

(metallurgy) To shape a metal by heating and hammering.


dap

en-verb

dap (third-person singular simple present daps, present participle dapping, simple past and past participle dapped)

daps (present singular third-person)
dapping (participle present)
dapped (participle past)
dapped (past)

Onomatopoeic, from the sound made when a person runs while wearing daps.

(metalworking) To create a hollow indentation.


knobble

knobble (third-person singular simple present knobbles, present participle knobbling, simple past and past participle knobbled)

knobbles (present singular third-person)
knobbling (participle present)
knobbled (participle past)
knobbled (past)

From Middle English knoble; equivalent to knob + -le.

knobbled charcoal iron

a knobbling furnace

(transitive, metallurgy) To produce wrought iron by treating (semirefined puddled iron) on a hearth before shingling.


pickle

en-noun

pickle (countable and uncountable, plural pickles)

→ Dutch: pickles

→ French: pickles

→ Irish: picil

→ Korean: 피클 (pikeul)

→ Portuguese: picles

→ Spanish: pickles, picle

→ Welsh: picil

From Middle English pikel (“spicy sauce served with meat or fish”), borrowed from Middle Dutch, Middle Low German pekel (“brine”). Cognate with Scots pikkill (“salt liquor, brine”), Saterland Frisian Piekele (“pickle, brine”), Dutch pekel (“pickle, brine”), Low German pekel, peckel, pickel, bickel (“pickle, brine”), German Pökel (“pickle, brine”).

cog

(metalworking) A bath of dilute sulphuric or nitric acid, etc., to remove burnt sand, scale, rust, etc., from the surface of castings, or other articles of metal, or to brighten them or improve their colour.

киселинна вана

metalworking: bath of dilute sulphuric or nitric acid, etc.


smelting

Buried within the Mediterranean littoral are some seventy to ninety million tons of slag from ancient smelting, about a third of it concentrated in Iberia. This ceaseless industrial fueling caused the deforestation of an estimated fifty to seventy million acres of woodlands.

2006, Edwin Black, chapter 2, in Internal Combustion:

(metallurgy) The process of melting or fusion, especially to extract a metal from its ore.


lantern

lanterns (plural)
lanthorn (alternative archaic)

→ Bengali: লন্ঠন (lonṭhon)

Hindi: लालटेन (lālṭen)

→ Irish: laindéar

→ Malay: lentera

Indonesian: lentera

→ Telugu: లాంతరు (lāntaru)

From Middle English lanterne (13th century), via Old French lanterne from Latin lanterna (“lantern”), itself a corruption of Ancient Greek λαμπτήρ (lamptḗr, “torch”) (see lamp, λάμπω (lámpō)) by influence of Latin lucerna (“lamp”). The spelling lanthorn was current during the 16th to 19th centuries and originates with a folk etymology associating the word with the use of horn as translucent cover. For the verb, compare French lanterner to hang at the lamppost. Displaced native Old English lēohtfæt (literally “light-container”).

ncog

(metalworking) A perforated barrel to form a core upon.


chill

en-verb

chill (third-person singular simple present chills, present participle chilling, simple past and past participle chilled)

chills (present singular third-person)
chilling (participle present)
chilled (participle past)
chilled (past)

→ Danish: chille

→ Dutch: chillen

→ French: chiller

→ German: chillen

→ Norwegian: chille

→⇒ Portuguese: chilar

→ Swedish: chilla

From Middle English chillen, from Old English ċilian (“to be cold”), from Proto-West Germanic *kilēn (“to be cold”). Cognate with Middle Dutch killen (“to be cold”), Dutch killen (“to be cold, shiver”).

inh

(transitive, metallurgy) To harden a metal surface by sudden cooling.

закалявам

to harden a metal surface by sudden cooling

(intransitive, metallurgy) To become hard by rapid cooling.


reduction

en-noun

reduction (countable and uncountable, plural reductions)

From Middle English reduccion, a borrowing from Old French reducion, from Latin reductiō, reductiōnem.

The final stage of thickness reduction (typically 90% from about 2mm to <0.2mm) is carried out by cold rolling.

2016, Gordon L. Robertson, Food Packaging Principles and Practice, 3rd edition, page 191:

(metalworking) The ratio of a material's change in thickness compared to its thickness prior to forging and/or rolling.


billet

From Middle English billet, bylet, belet, billette, from Old French billette, from bille (“log, tree trunk”), from Vulgar Latin *bilia, probably of Gaulish origin (compare Old Irish bile (“tree”)).

The Saturday evening Cardiff-West Wales mail train is still steam-worked, but a most unlikely locomotive used on May 23 was Stanier Class 5 4-6-0 No. 45250 (5A); it returned on May 25 with a train of steel billets.

1964 July, “Motive Power Miscellany: Western Region”, in Modern Railways, page 70:

(metallurgy) A semi-finished length of metal.


opener

(metalworking) A person employed to separate sheets of hot metal that become stuck together.


keyhole

(metallurgy) A welding method in which a hole forms in the surface immediately ahead of the puddle in the direction of welding. The hole is filled as the weld progresses.


cyanidation

(metallurgy) The extraction of gold or silver from their ores using the cyanide process


refraction

refraction (countable and uncountable, plural refractions)

/ɹəˈfɹækʃən/

(metallurgy) The degree to which a metal or compound can withstand heat


salamander

/ˈsæləˌmɑːndə/

From Middle English salamandre, from Anglo-Norman salamandre, from Latin salamandra, from Ancient Greek σαλαμάνδρα (salamándra), of uncertain origin (per Beekes, likely Pre-Greek); possibly of Iranian origin, see Persian سمندر (samandar) for more information.

Salamander tapping is done at the salamander base, which is the bottom-most level of the liquid pool in a blast furnace hearth. A high degree of precision is required to tap the salamander base effectively

2019, Ian Cameron, Mitren Sukhram, Kyle Lefebvre, Blast Furnace Ironmaking:

w:Webster's Dictionary#Webster's New International Dictionary 1909

(metallurgy) Solidified material in a furnace hearth.


facing

(metalworking) A powdered substance, such as charcoal or bituminous coal, applied to the face of a mould, or mixed with the sand that forms it, to give a fine smooth surface to the casting.


vitriol

en-verb

vitriol (third-person singular simple present vitriols, present participle vitrioling or vitriolling, simple past and past participle vitrioled or vitriolled)

vitriols (present singular third-person)
vitrioling (participle present)
vitriolling (participle present)
vitrioled (participle past)
vitrioled (past)
vitriolled (participle past)
vitriolled (past)

From Middle English vitriol, from Old French vitriol, from Medieval Latin vitriolum (“sulfuric acid”), from vitrum (“glass”).

der

(transitive, metallurgy) To dip in dilute sulfuric acid; to pickle.


dendrite

From Ancient Greek δενδρίτης (dendrítēs, “of or pertaining to a tree”). Equivalent to dendr- + -ite.

uder

(crystallography, metallurgy) Tree-like structure of crystals growing as material crystallizes


hot short

hot-short iron

(metallurgy) Of metal: brittle at high temperatures.


cold short

(metallurgy) Of metal: brittle at low temperatures.


converter

converters (plural)
convertor (alternative)

time stretch analog-to-digital converter

(metallurgy) A retort or furnace, used e.g. in the Bessemer process, in which molten cast iron is decarburized and converted into steel by a blast of air forced through the liquid metal.


strike while the iron is hot

en-verb

strike while the iron is hot (third-person singular simple present strikes while the iron is hot, present participle striking while the iron is hot, simple past and past participle struck while the iron is hot)

strikes while the iron is hot (present singular third-person)
striking while the iron is hot (participle present)
struck while the iron is hot (participle past)
struck while the iron is hot (past)

(metallurgy, blacksmithing, literally) To strike a hot piece of metal, especially iron, with a mallet or other tool before it cools, while it is still hot enough to be shaped.


recrystallization

en-noun

recrystallization (countable and uncountable, plural recrystallizations)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-recrystallization.wav

(metallurgy) The growth of grain fragments in an alloy, especially when it is worked by cold rolling.


reedy

en-adj

reedy (comparative reedier, superlative reediest)

reedier (comparative)
reediest (superlative)

From Middle English reedy, reedi, reeddy, equivalent to reed + -y.

reedy iron

(metallurgy) Imperfectly welded together in masses of rods.


lancet

From Middle English launcet, from Old French lancete, a diminutive of lance. By surface analysis, lance + -et.

Edward H[enry] Knight
w:Edward H. Knight

(metallurgy) An iron bar used for tapping a melting furnace.


Tutania

Trade name. Named after William Tutin, an English manufacturer.

(metallurgy) An alloy of copper, antimony, zinc and tin patented in 1770 by William Tutin, whose firm used it in commercial production of housewares.


scaffold

From Middle English scaffold, scaffalde, from Anglo-Norman schaffaut, eschaffaut, eschafal, eschaiphal, escadafaut (“platform to see a tournament”) (Modern French échafaud), from Old French es- (indicating movement away or separation) (from Latin ex- (“out, away”)) + chafaud, chafaut, chafault, caafau, caafaus, cadefaut (“scaffold for executing a criminal”), from Vulgar Latin *catafalcum (“viewing stage”), possibly from Ancient Greek κατα- (kata-, “back; against”) + Latin -falicum (from fala, phala (“wooden gallery or tower; siege tower”)).

der

United States Capitol
scaffold (disambiguation)

(metalworking) An accumulation of adherent, partly fused material forming a shelf or dome-shaped obstruction above the tuyeres in a blast furnace.


tool-rest

tool-rests (plural)
toolrest (alternative)

(metalworking) The part of a machine, such as a lathe, that supports the cutting tool.


metallist

(metallurgy) A person who works with metals.


blowhole

(metallurgy) An unintended cavity filled with air in a casting product.


blowhole

en-verb

blowhole (third-person singular simple present blowholes, present participle blowholing, simple past and past participle blowholed)

blowholes (present singular third-person)
blowholing (participle present)
blowholed (participle past)
blowholed (past)

(metallurgy, ambitransitive) To fill or be filled with air in an unintended cavity.


piña

en-noun

piña (countable and uncountable, plural piñas)

(metalworking) A cone of silver amalgam prepared for retorting.

(metalworking) The residual cone of spongy silver left after the retorting.


metallurgical

en-adj

metallurgical (comparative more metallurgical, superlative most metallurgical)

more metallurgical (comparative)
most metallurgical (superlative)

/ˌmɛtəˈlɜː(ɹ)dʒɪkəl/

-ɜː(ɹ)dʒɪkəl

(metallurgy) Of or relating to metallurgy, the study of metals and their properties.


nitrox

Blend of nitro(gen) + ox(ygen). Analyzable as nitro- + ox

The ‘nitrox’ process basically supplies the surface hardness of the sursulf process, which is essentially carbonitriding, and then oxidizes it. The oxide is adherent and thus considerably increases the corrosion resistance.

1988, Robert B[allantyne] Ross, “‘Nitrox’”, in Handbook of Metal Treatments and Testing, 2nd edition, London, New York, N.Y.: Chapman and Hall, →ISBN, part 1 (A–Z of Treatment and Testing Processes), page 209:

Two other materials-based approaches may be employed in the present invention. One is to use highly doped glass (with boron or phosphorus) or plasma nitride (otherwise known as nitrox) as the inter-metal layer insulator.

2007 April 3, John McCollum, Integrated Circuit Wafer with Inter-die Metal Interconnect Lines Traversing Scribe-line Boundaries, US Patent Application 20070184635A1 (PDF version), paragraph 0022, page 2, column 2:

Carbonitriding processes are typically conducted in either a gas (ammonia) or a salt bath based on trade names such as Tufftride, Nitrotec, and Nitrox. Alternatively, a plasma nitriding process may be conducted.

2008 September, Malgorzata Przylecka, Wojciech Gęstwa, L. C. F. Canale, Xin Yao, G. E. Totten, “Sources of Failures in Carburized and Carbonitrided Components”, in L. C. F. Canale, R. A. Mesquita, G. E. Totten, editors, Failure Analysis of Heat Treated Steel Components, Materials Park, Oh.: ASM International, →ISBN, page 178, column 1:

(metallurgy) An industrial process for case hardening (imparting greater surface hardness to) metal objects, involving nitrocarburizing (the diffusion of carbon and nitrogen into the metal) followed by oxidation.


skiving

(metalworking) A type of machining that skives metal, with various applications including gear cutting.


muller

From mull (“to mix (clay and sand) under a roller to prepare a mould”) + -er (suffix forming agent nouns). Mull is possibly derived from mull (“(chiefly Northern England) to grind to powder, crumble, powder, pulverize”), from Middle English mollen, mullen (“to moisten (something); to soften (something) by making wet; to become liquid; to drizzle; to crumble or soften (something) by grinding; to fondle or pet (something)”), from Old French moillier, muillier (“to make wet”) (modern French mouiller), and from its etymon Vulgar Latin *molliāre, *mulliāre (“to make wet”), from Latin molliāre, the present active infinitive of molliō (“to soften”), from Latin mollis (“soft”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)meld- (“to melt; to soften”) or *melh₂- (“to crush, grind”)) + -iō (suffix forming factitive verbs from adjectives).

der

The muller can easily plow through any sand mixture that I put in it and has plenty of power left over.

2008, Stephen Chastain, Build a Muller, →ISBN, page 93:

(metallurgy) A machine that mixes clay and sand under a roller for use in preparing a mould for metal casting.


normalize

en-verb

normalize (third-person singular simple present normalizes, present participle normalizing, simple past and past participle normalized)

normalizes (present singular third-person)
normalizing (participle present)
normalized (participle past)
normalized (past)
normalise (alternative UK)

palauttaa

rail transport, transitive: to return to the normal position

palautua

rail transport, intransitive: to return to the normal position

Charpy impact testing showed that the normalized steel in the tank shell of the punctured chlorine car had a fracture toughness that was significantly greater than the fracture toughness of the non-normalized steels of the catastrophically ruptured tank cars involved in the derailment of a Canadian Pacific Railway freight train in Minot, North Dakota, in January 2002. The steel in the Minot tank cars exhibited relatively low fracture toughness, and cracks propagated rapidly around the circumference of each tank. The higher fracture toughness in the Graniteville tank car contributed to the relatively quick arrest of the crack even though there was brittle fracture in its outer portions.

2005 November 29, National Transportation Safety Board, “Tank Car Crashworthiness”, in Collision of Norfolk Southern Freight Train 192 With Standing Norfolk Southern Local Train P22 With Subsequent Hazardous Materials Release at Graniteville, South Carolina, January 6, 2005, archived from the original on 2022-06-17, page 50:

(metallurgy, transitive) To anneal (steel) for the purpose of decreasing brittleness and increasing ductility.


loup

Borrowed from German Luppe (“a lump of iron”).

(metallurgy) A mass of iron in a pasty condition gathered into a ball for the trip hammer or rolls.


blanking

en-noun

blanking (countable and uncountable, plural blankings)

(metalworking) A metalworking process to form the rough shape of a sheet-metal workpiece.


reverberate

en-verb

reverberate (third-person singular simple present reverberates, present participle reverberating, simple past and past participle reverberated)

reverberates (present singular third-person)
reverberating (participle present)
reverberated (participle past)
reverberated (past)
reverberate (infinitive)
reverberate (first-person present singular)
reverberated (first-person past singular)
reverberate (present second-person singular)
reverberatest (archaic present second-person singular)
reverberated (past second-person singular)
reverberatedst (archaic past second-person singular)
reverberates (present singular third-person)
reverberateth (archaic present singular third-person)
reverberated (past singular third-person)
reverberate (plural present)
reverberated (past plural)
reverberate (present subjunctive)
reverberated (past subjunctive)
reverberate (imperative present)
reverberating (participle present)
reverberated (participle past)

/ɹɪˈvɜːbəˌɹeɪt/

/ɹəˈvɜɹbəˌɹeɪt/

Borrowed from Latin reverberātus, perfect passive participle of reverberō (“to rebound; to reflect; to repel”) (see -ate (verb-forming suffix)), whence Middle French reverberer (French réverbérer) and Middle English reverberen (“to send back”)), from re- (prefix meaning ‘again’) and verberō (“to beat; to lash, whip”) (from verber (“rod; lash, whip”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *werbʰ-) + -ō (suffix forming regular first-conjugation verbs)).

kuumentaa heijastuslämmöllä

(transitive) to heat (something) by deflecting flames on to, or passing flames over, it; (intransitive) of a thing: to be heated by having flames, hot gases, etc., deflected or passed over it

Svb[tle]. […] I ſent you of his fæces there, calcin'd. / Out of that calx, I'ha'vvonne the ſalt of Mercurie. / Mam[mon]. By pouring on your rectefied vvater? / Svb. Yes, and reuerberating in Athanor.

1610 (first performance), Ben[jamin] Jonson, The Alchemist, London: […] Thomas Snodham, for Walter Burre, and are to be sold by Iohn Stepneth, […], published 1612, →OCLC, Act II, scene ii, signature [D4], recto:

Philoſophers that opinioned the vvorlds deſtruction by fire, did never dreame of annihilation, vvhich is beyond the povver of ſublunary cauſes; for the laſt and proper action of that element [fire] is but vitrification, or a reduction of a body into Glaſſe, and therefore ſome of our Chymicks factiouſly affirme; yea, and urge Scripture for it, that at the laſt fire all ſhall be cryſtallized and reverberated into Glaſſe, vvhich is the utmoſt action of that element.

1642, [Thomas Browne], “[The First Part]”, in Religio Medici, London: […] Andrew Crooke, →OCLC, page 97:

(chemistry, metallurgy, archaic) To heat (something) by deflecting flames on to, or passing flames over, it.

(chemistry, metallurgy) To heat something by deflecting flames on to, or passing flames over, it.


duralumin

en-noun

duralumin (countable and uncountable, plural duralumins)

From a trademark of Dürener Metallwerke. Düren is a city in Germany.

Each Talgo unit for R.E.N.F.E. consists of five sections, the bodies of which are made of duralumin and are carried on two resilient wheels, running in roller bearings and situated under the rear end of each section.

1962 September, P. Ransome-Wallis, “The Talgo trains of Spain”, in Modern Railways, page 177:

(metallurgy) An alloy of over 90% aluminium, 4% copper and traces of manganese, magnesium, iron and silicon, widely used in the aircraft industry.


blast furnace

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Just before Bloworth Crossing, you'll walk a short distance along the trackbed of the old mineral railway that connected the old ironstone mines at Rosedale with the blast furnaces of Middlesbrough.

2019, Alan Staniforth, Cleveland Way, page 64:

(metallurgy) An industrial furnace in which ore is smelted to metal, the process being intensified by a blast of hot air.

metallurgical furnace § Smelting furnaces

(metallurgy) As above, but specifically such a furnace where the fuel and the ore are intermixed, as for example when coke and iron ore are burned together.


hot tear

(metallurgy) A fracture in a metal casting that occurs during solidification as a result of hindered contraction.


tempered

From Middle English tempred, itempered, ytempred, ytemprid, from Old English ġetemprod (“tempered, moderate, goverened, cured”), past participle of Old English ġetemprian (“to temper, moderate, govern, cure”), equivalent to temper + -ed.

der

"Not forged!" and snatching Perth's levelled iron from the crotch, Ahab held it out, exclaiming — "Look ye, Nantucketer; here in this hand I hold his death! Tempered in blood, and tempered by lightning are these barbs; and I swear to temper them triply in that hot place behind the fin, where the white whale most feels his accursed life!"

1851 November 14, Herman Melville, “'”, in Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers; London: Richard Bentley, →OCLC:

(metallurgy) Pertaining to the metallurgical process for finishing metals.


BMS

en-noun

BMS (countable and uncountable, plural BMSes or BMSs)

(metallurgy) Initialism of bright mild steel (“mild steel that has been cold finished and polished”).


high speed steel

high speed steel (countable and uncountable, plural high speed steels)

high speed steels (plural)
high-speed steel (alternative)

(metallurgy) A kind of tool steel, invented in the early 20th century, which retains its hardness and temper at high temperatures (at which previous kinds of tool steel would soften), thus allowing cutters made from it to be employed at higher cutting speeds than were previously practical.


endmill

(metalworking) A type of milling machine: a cutter (cutting tool used in machining) with cutting edges on both the end and sides.


case hardening

(metallurgy) The process of imparting greater hardness to the surface of a piece of metal.


case harden

en-verb

case harden (third-person singular simple present case hardens, present participle case hardening, simple past and past participle case hardened)

case hardens (present singular third-person)
case hardening (participle present)
case hardened (participle past)
case hardened (past)

(metallurgy) To impart greater hardness to the surface of a piece of metal.


case hardened

en-adj

case hardened (comparative more case hardened, superlative most case hardened)

more case hardened (comparative)
most case hardened (superlative)
case-hardened (alternative)

(metallurgy) Metal that is harder at its surface, due to a case hardening process.


bimetal

bimetals (plural)
bi-metal (alternative)

Thermostatic Bimetals: Thermostatic bimetals are laminated composites using materials with a pronounced difference in thermal expansion'. Therefore, thermostatic bimetals change their shape whenever ambient temperature changes.

2013 October 22, T W Duerig, K N Melton, D Stöckel, Engineering Aspects of Shape Memory Alloys, Butterworth-Heinemann, →ISBN, page 211:

The application of bimetals synthesized with the combination of another secondary metal such as Ni, Pd, or Pt [comprise of a high reduction potential than ZVI; ZVI, −0.44 V; Ni,−0.257 V; Pd, 0.915 V; or Pt, 1.188 V; Arning and Minteer[…]

2020 June 29, Manish Kumar, Daniel D. Snow, Ryo Honda, Santanu Mukherjee, Contaminants in Drinking and Wastewater Sources: Challenges and Reigning Technologies, Springer Nature, →ISBN, page 274:

The bimetals can be used in forms such as the deflection of a straight strip, the rotation of spirals or helices and the snap action of dished discs. Applications include temperature indicators, thermostatic controls, energy regulators,[…]

2002 September 27, M. A. Laughton, D.F. Warne, Electrical Engineer's Reference Book, Newnes, →ISBN, page 45:

(metallurgy) An object consisting of two metals.


cold work

(metallurgy) Any of several plastic deformations of metal (or other material) at relatively low temperatures.


slicker

From slick (“to smooth or make slick”) + -er.

(metalworking) A curved tool for smoothing the surfaces of a mould after the withdrawal of the pattern.


grundy

(metallurgy) Granulated or shotted pig iron.


microstructure

en-noun

microstructure (countable and uncountable, plural microstructures)

(metallurgy) The fine structure of a pure metal or alloy, as revealed by magnifications of 25X or greater.


macrostructure

macrostructure (countable and uncountable, plural macrostructures)

(metallurgy) The gross structure of a pure metal or alloy, as revealed by magnifications of 10X or less.


reductive

en-adj

reductive (comparative more reductive, superlative most reductive)

more reductive (comparative)
most reductive (superlative)

From Middle French réductif, from Late Latin reductivus, from the participle stem of Latin reducere (“to reduce”).

On the relative reductive powers of different classes of American coals, as demonstrated by the experiments with oxide of lead.

1848, F Knapp, Chemical Technology; Or, Chemistry Applied to the Arts and to Manufactures:

It is likely that the long evolutionary trajectory of Mycoplasma went from a reductive autotroph to oxidative heterotroph to a cell-wall–defective degenerate parasite. This evolutionary trajectory assumes the simplicity to complexity route of biogenesis, a point of view that is not universally accepted.

2013 March 4, Harold J. Morowitz, “The Smallest Cell”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 2, archived from the original on 2017-01-04, page 83:

(chemistry, metallurgy, biology, economics) That reduces a substance etc. to a more simple or basic form.


hot stamp

(metallurgy) An impression made in a hot metal forging.


cuprotitanium

(metallurgy) An alloy of copper and titanium obtained by reducing a mixture of copper and rutile.


brightener

(metallurgy) Any substance added to an electrolytic bath to yield a brighter electroplated surface.


puddling

en-noun

puddling (countable and uncountable, plural puddlings)

(metallurgy, historical) The first true industrial process to produce steel from pig iron.


quenching

quenching (countable and uncountable, plural quenchings)

From Middle English quenchinge, equivalent to quench + -ing.

(metallurgy) The rapid cooling of a hot metal object, by placing it in a liquid, in order to harden it.


spray

spray (countable and uncountable, plural sprays)

→ Esperanto: spraji

→ Turkish: sprey

From Middle Dutch sprāien, sprayen, spraeyen (“to spray, sprinkle, spread”), ultimately from Proto-Germanic *sprēwijaną (“to spray, sprinkle”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)per- (“to sow, scatter”).
Cognate with Middle High German spræjen, spræwen (“to squirt, spray, dust, splash, straw”), Danish dialectal språe (“to open up, burst forth”), Swedish dialectal språ (“to sprout, shoot forth, burst”), Norwegian dialectal spra, spræ (“to splash, splatter, spout, burst forth”), Dutch sproeien (“to spray, sprinkle”), German sprühen (“to spray, sparkle”).

der

(metalworking, countable) A side channel or branch of the runner of a flask, made to distribute the metal to all parts of the mold.

побе́г

дерева или кустарника

(metalworking, countable) A group of castings made in the same mold and connected by sprues formed in the runner and its branches.


base metal

en-noun

base metal (countable and uncountable, plural base metals)

(metallurgy) The metal to be welded (rather than that used to weld).


metalliferous

en-adj

metalliferous (comparative more metalliferous, superlative most metalliferous)

more metalliferous (comparative)
most metalliferous (superlative)

Cassiterite is a metalliferous ore containing tin.

(metallurgy) Containing a metallic element. Often used to describe ores that are mined commercially.


doubler

(metalworking) A person employed in a roller mill to fold the hot metal plates in half.


niello

en-noun

niello (countable and uncountable, plural niellos or nielli)

Borrowed from Italian niello, from Latin nigellus (“blackish”).

a young woman named Renata, with a gesturing of her dark curls, beckoned him in with a cigarette-case of Russian silver and niello, which sprang open to reveal a collection of “smokes” […]

2006, Thomas Pynchon, Against the Day, Vintage, published 2007, page 283:

(metallurgy) Any of various black metal alloys, made of sulphur with copper, silver or lead, used to create decorative designs on other metals.


bronzing

bronzing (countable and uncountable, plural bronzings)

(metallurgy) The process of coating items with bronze.


polygonization

(metallurgy) The formation of subgrains within the grains of a metal when worked


polygonize

en-verb

polygonize (third-person singular simple present polygonizes, present participle polygonizing, simple past and past participle polygonized)

polygonizes (present singular third-person)
polygonizing (participle present)
polygonized (participle past)
polygonized (past)

(metallurgy) To form subgrains within the grains of a metal when worked.


macrosegregation

(metallurgy) A variation in the composition of a metal casting caused by irregular movement during solidification


metallostatic

metallostatic pressure

(metallurgy) Measured within the body of liquid metal


microsegregation

(metallurgy) segregation within microscopic grains


superalloy

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(metallurgy) Any of several high-performance alloys that are resistant to high temperatures


hydriding

(metallurgy) A process of reducing an ore to a metal by treatment with hydrogen at high temperature


intercrystalline

(metallurgy) Occurring along the boundaries between the crystals or grains of a metal


metallography

en-noun

metallography (countable and uncountable, plural metallographies)

(metallurgy) The study of the structure of metals and their alloys, by any of a variety of techniques

metal·lografia

the study of the structure of metals and their alloys


thermal analysis

thermal analysis (countable and uncountable, plural thermal analyses)

(chemistry, metallurgy) Any of several analytical techniques that monitor the chemical and physical changes that occur as a material is heated.


hardhead

(metallurgy) Residual ore that failed to melt during a smelting process.


bainite

From Bain + -ite, after metallurgist Edgar Bain.

(metallurgy) A microstructure of steel consisting of needle-like particles of cementite embedded in a ferrite matrix.


sullage

sullage (usually uncountable, plural sullages)

(metallurgy) The scoria on the surface of molten metal in the ladle.


martensite

(metallurgy) A solid solution of carbon in iron; the chief constituent of steel


zircaloy

(metallurgy, nuclear industry) Any of a set of specialist alloys of zirconium


liquate

en-verb

liquate (third-person singular simple present liquates, present participle liquating, simple past and past participle liquated)

liquates (present singular third-person)
liquating (participle present)
liquated (participle past)
liquated (past)

Latin liquatus, past participle of liquare (“to melt”).

(metallurgy) To separate by fusion, as a more fusible from a less fusible material.


liquation

en-noun

liquation (countable and uncountable, plural liquations)

(metallurgy) The partial melting of a mixture of metals or ores in order to separate components.


manganiferous

en-adj

manganiferous (comparative more manganiferous, superlative most manganiferous)

more manganiferous (comparative)
most manganiferous (superlative)

a manganiferous ore

(mineralogy, metallurgy) Containing manganese


manganesic

a manganesic pig-iron

(metallurgy, dated) Containing manganese


foxtail

From Middle English fox-tail. By surface analysis, fox + tail.

(metallurgy) The last cinders obtained in the fining process.


archaeometallurgy

(archaeology, metallurgy) The study of the prehistory of metal extraction and working


galvanic action

en-noun

galvanic action (plural galvanic actions)

(metallurgy) an electrochemical action that generates electrical current between two metals of dissimilar electrode potential.


work hardening

(metallurgy) The repeated plastic deformation of a material, causing a permanent distortion of its crystal structure, and an increase in its strength


forgeable

en-adj

forgeable (comparative more forgeable, superlative most forgeable)

more forgeable (comparative)
most forgeable (superlative)

(metallurgy) That can be forged (shaped under heat and pressure).


foundress

From founder (“one who founds or casts metals”) + -ess (suffix forming female forms of words). Founder is derived from Middle French fondeur (“owner of a foundry; ironworker in charge of smelting, founder”) (modern French fondeur), from Latin fundātor (“founder”) (rare): see further at etymology 1.

der

The great bell of my heart is crack'd, and never / Can ring in tune againe, till't be nevv caſt / By one only skilfull Foundreſſe.

c. 1635–1636 (date written), Iohn Ford [i.e., John Ford], The Fancies, Chast and Noble: […], London: […] E[lizabeth] P[urslowe] for Henry Seile, […], published 1638, →OCLC, Act III, page 35:

(metallurgy, obsolete, rare) A female founder (“one who founds or casts metals”).


alloyant

en-noun

alloyant (countable and uncountable, plural alloyants)

(metallurgy) A material added to a metal (possibly itself an alloy) to alter its properties.


resmelt

en-verb

resmelt (third-person singular simple present resmelts, present participle resmelting, simple past and past participle resmelted)

resmelts (present singular third-person)
resmelting (participle present)
resmelted (participle past)
resmelted (past)

(metallurgy) To smelt again; to smelt a second time.


gamma iron

(metallurgy) An allotrope of iron which is stable at high temperatures. It is used in the manufacture of austenite.


iron carbide

(metallurgy) A compound of iron with carbon (Fe₃C).


Austenite

From William Chandler Roberts-Austen + -ite (“rock, mineral, or fossil”).

suffix

(metallurgy) Alternative letter-case form of austenite.


cementation

en-noun

cementation (countable and uncountable, plural cementations)

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(metallurgy) The impregnation of the surface of a metal with another material; the manufacture of steel by carburizing iron


unnoble

en-adj

unnoble (comparative more unnoble, superlative most unnoble)

more unnoble (comparative)
most unnoble (superlative)

From Middle English unnoble, equivalent to un- + noble.

unnoble metal

electrochemical series
electrochemical series

(metallurgy) Of a metal, being at the lower end of the electrochemical series, i.e. oxidising readily.


refractory metal

en-noun

refractory metal (plural refractory metals)

Miracle is concentrating on a cluster of elements in the centre of the periodic table known as the refractory metals. These elements, including molybdenum and niobium, have unusually high melting points around 2500°C, compared with 1455°C for nickel, on which jet engine alloys are now based.[…]So far he has shown that high-entropy refractory metal alloys do indeed remain strong at temperatures beyond the wilting point of existing nickel superalloys.

2016 October 15, James Mitchell Crow, “Forging Ahead”, in New Scientist, number 3095, page 37:

(metallurgy) A metal, such as molybdenum or tungsten, with a high refraction, and hence a high melting point.

métal réfractaire

metal with an unusually high melting point


arc welding

(metallurgy) The process of welding two pieces of metal together using the heat generated by an electric arc between two electrodes.


upsetter

(metalworking) A kind of forging machine that moves horizontally.


strickle

strickles (plural)
strikle (alternative)
stritchel (alternative)
stritchell (alternative)
stritchill (alternative)
strichell (alternative)

From Middle English strikile, strikelle, strikyll, from Old English stricel, equivalent to strick + -le (diminutive suffix). Compare Middle Dutch strijkel, streekel, strekel.

(metallurgy) A bevel-edged finishing tool used for smoothing the surface of a mold, core, or mold in sand or loam.


stop off

en-verb

stop off (third-person singular simple present stops off, present participle stopping off, simple past and past participle stopped off)

stops off (present singular third-person)
stopping off (participle present)
stopped off (participle past)
stopped off (past)

(transitive, metalworking) To fill (a part of a mould) with sand, where a part of the cavity left by the pattern is not wanted for the casting.


bar stock

(metalworking) Portions of metal (stock) in the form of bars, suitable for machining (such as turning) or fabrication (such as welding). It comes in standard cross-sections and certain lengths, such as 6 to 12 feet.


cold working

(metallurgy) The process of strengthening a metal through plastic deformation.


unsmelted

(metallurgy) Not smelted; not having been subjected to a smelting process; still in the state of being an unrefined ore.


behinder

(metalworking) A person employed to take folded metal sheets from the doubler and pass them back to the rollerman.


single curve

(metalworking, manufacturing) A three-dimensional shape into which a thin flat sheet of material, e.g. metal, can be formed by bending alone, without stretching or compression.


compound curve

(metalworking, manufacturing) A three-dimensional shape into which a thin flat sheet of material, e.g. metal, can be formed by operations that must include stretching and/or compression, in addition to bending.


departer

(obsolete, metallurgy) Someone who refines metals by separation.


greillade

(metallurgy) iron ore in coarse powder, prepared for reduction by the Catalan process


Pernot furnace

reverberatory furnace
reverberatory furnace

(historical, metallurgy) A reverberatory furnace with a circular revolving hearth, used in making steel.


dezincification

en-noun

dezincification (usually uncountable, plural dezincifications)

(metallurgy) The undesirable removal of zinc from zinc-containing alloys by a chemical reaction, as when red rot occurs in brass due to presence of acids.


cold roll

en-verb

cold roll (third-person singular simple present cold rolls, present participle cold rolling, simple past and past participle cold rolled)

cold rolls (present singular third-person)
cold rolling (participle present)
cold rolled (participle past)
cold rolled (past)

(metalworking) To roll metal in a temperature that is below its recrystallization point.

kylmävalssata

to process metal by rolling in a low temperature


debismuthization

(metallurgy) The removal of bismuth from lead during refining.


eliquation

From Latin eliquatio, from eliquare (“to clarify, strain”), from e + liquare (“to make liquid, melt”).

Simultaneously with the desilvering, goes on the eliquation of the rich scum in the first, and afterwards in the second, eliquation pan.

1904, Johannes Rudolf Wagner, Manual of Chemical Technology, page 183:

(metallurgy) The process of separating a fusible substance from one less fusible, by means of a degree of heat sufficient to melt the one and not the other, as an alloy of copper and lead; liquation.


boriding

(metallurgy) The treatment of a metal surface with boride (or the formation of a boride layer)


aluminium bronze

en-noun

aluminium bronze (countable and uncountable, plural aluminium bronzes)

(metallurgy) An alloy of copper with about 5% to 10% aluminium


cold-shut

(metalworking) Closed while too cold to become thoroughly welded; said of a forging or casting.


slagger

Miravich closes his eyes and remembers his days as a slagger. When a mold is full, a slagger moves in with his tool, a technological marvel othereise known as a board slightly larger than a two-by-four. He leans out over the track and skims slag off the top of the boiling steel, risking what is called “catching a flyer,” which occurs when hot metal explodes out of the mold, spraying everyone in the vicinity.

2009, John Hoerr, Monongahela Dusk, page 255:


cold rolling

(metallurgy) A rolling of metal at a temperature below that of its recrystallization point.


black copper

(metallurgy) Copper with iron and sulfur impurities due to insufficient smelting.


swage block

(metalworking) A perforated iron block with grooved sides and variously-sized holes in its face, used to hold in hot metal bars while swaging large objects.


regenerative furnace

regenerative furnace (plural regenerative furnaces)

(metallurgy) A furnace having a regenerator in which gas used for fuel, and air for supporting combustion, are heated; a Siemens furnace.


parting sand

(metalworking) Dry, non-adhesive sand sprinkled upon the partings of a mould to facilitate the separation by not allowing the mould to stick together.


American forge

(historical, metallurgy) A forge for the direct production of wrought iron, differing from the old Catalan forge mainly in using finely crushed ore and working continuously.


core print

(metalworking) A projecting piece on a pattern which forms, in the mould, an impression for holding in place or steadying a core.


high-entropy alloy

high-entropy alloy (plural high-entropy alloys)

high-entropy alloys (plural)
high entropy alloy (alternative)

(metallurgy) a type of metallic alloy containing not one dominant element, but multiple major elements, with a single crystalline structure and existing in a single phase

CrMnFeCoNi

a high entropy alloy with five major elements


almond-furnace

(metallurgy) A furnace in which slags of litharge left in refining silver are reduced to lead by being heated with charcoal.


taphole

(metallurgy) In a blast furnace, a hole which molten metal or slag is tapped off through.


forestone

(metallurgy, Northern England, Scotland) A piece of cast-iron which lies across the hearth with its ends resting between the keystones, and which can be moved toward the front or back of the hearth as required. It is a part of the small rectangular furnace called the "ore-hearth," used in the smelting of lead.


self-hardening

(metallurgy) Designating, or pertaining to, any of various steels that harden when heated to above a red heat and cooled in air, usually in a blast of cold air with moderate rapidity, without quenching. Such steels are alloys of iron and carbon with manganese, tungsten and manganese, chromium, molybdenum and manganese, etc. They are chiefly used as high speed steels.


Pachuca tank

Though originally devised in New Zealand, it was first practically introduced in Pachuca, Mexico.

(metallurgy) A high narrow tank with a central cylinder for the introduction of compressed air, used in the agitation and settling of pulp (pulverized ore and water) during treatment by the cyanide process.


kruppize

en-verb

kruppize (third-person singular simple present kruppizes, present participle kruppizing, simple past and past participle kruppized)

kruppizes (present singular third-person)
kruppizing (participle present)
kruppized (participle past)
kruppized (past)

(transitive, metallurgy) To treat by, or subject to, the Krupp process.


shot sample

(metalworking) A sample taken for assay from a molten metallic mass by pouring a portion into water to granulate it.


weldless

(metalworking) Made or done without welding.


barrel process

(metalworking) A process of extracting gold or silver by treating the ore in a revolving barrel or drum, with mercury, chlorine, cyanide solution, or other reagent.


basic process

(metalworking) A Bessemer process or open-hearth steel-making process in which a lining that is basic, or not siliceous, is used, and additions of basic material are made to the molten charge during treatment.


Bower-Barff process

From the surnames of the two men who developed the process.

(metalworking) A method of coating iron or steel with magnetic iron oxide in order to minimize atmospheric corrosion. The articles to be treated are put into a closed retort and a current of superheated steam passed through for a period, followed by a current of producer gas (carbon monoxide), to reduce any higher oxides that may have been formed.


HDA

en-noun

HDA (countable and uncountable, plural HDAs)

hot-dip aluminization
hot-dip aluminization#English

(metallurgy) Abbreviation of hot-dip aluminization.


red rot

(metallurgy) A degradation process in brass where chemical dezincification of the brass alloy leaves behind fragile or powdery copper metal.


slaglessness

But the former lack the essential quality — slaglessness — which makes the latter steel, and the latter lack the essential quality — the hardening power — which makes the former steel.

1906, Henry Marion Howe, Iron, Steel, and Other Alloys, page 174:

(metallurgy) The quality of being free from slag.


forgeability

forgeability (countable and uncountable, plural forgeabilities)

(metallurgy) The quality or degree of being forgeable.


rollerman

(metalworking) A person employed in a roller mill to insert the hot metal into the rolls.


Bessemer process

Bessemer process (plural Bessemer processes)

Named after its inventor, the Englishman Henry Bessemer, who took out a patent on the process in 1856.

(metallurgy, historical) The first inexpensive industrial process for the mass production of steel, based on blowing air through molten pig iron to remove impurities by oxidation.


DRI

DRI (countable and uncountable, plural DRIs)

direct reduced iron
direct reduced iron#English

(metallurgy) Initialism of direct reduced iron


redsear

en-verb

redsear (third-person singular simple present redsears, present participle redsearing, simple past and past participle redseared)

redsears (present singular third-person)
redsearing (participle present)
redseared (participle past)
redseared (past)

(intransitive, metallurgy, obsolete) To break or crack through brittleness when red-hot; to be red-short or hot-short.


cazo process

(metallurgy) An old method for amalgamating metal ores by first boiling in a solution of salt.


die plate

(metalworking) A type of die for cutting screw threads on male fasteners; it is arranged in the form of a plate of tool steel with a graduated series of holes, each being the die opening for a certain size of screw. A predecessor of today's tap and die sets, it is now considered an antique type of tool, no longer in common use but still sometimes desirable as a collectible among tool collectors.


(metallurgy) 1095; Ellipsis of 1095 steel.


deadmelt

deadmelt (third-person singular simple present deadmelts, present participle deadmelting, simple past and past participle deadmelted)

deadmelts (present singular third-person)
deadmelting (participle present)
deadmelted (participle past)
deadmelted (past)
dead-melt (alternative)
dead melt (alternative)

At 0.09 per cent. carbon the bath is usually underdone.” because a relatively high temperature is required to deadmelt at this carbon.

1917, The Engineer - Volume 124, page 277:

From these two heats it became apparent that steels of this composition, when deadmelted, tend to run several times higher in hydrogen than carbon steels.

1949, American Institute of Mining and Metallurgical Engineers, Incorporated, Proceedings, page 289:

After the charge is thoroughly mixed, samples are taken and poured into a small mould to see if the steel is "deadmelted," and also if the silicon content is right, for this may be judged by eye in the way it “settles down."

1922, Metal Industry (London, England) - Volume 21, page 156:

(metallurgy) To melt steel at high temperatures in order to deoxidize it.


deadmelt

deadmelts (plural)
dead-melt (alternative)
dead melt (alternative)

My proposition is to take otherwise finished steel from the Bessemer or open-hearth furnace, and hold it liquid, let us say thirty minutes, giving the oxides a chance to float up and the steel a chance to rest, thus giving it the equivalent of the deadmelt in the crucible.

1911, Transactions of the American Electrochemical Society:

A "sufficient amount" is defined as the gross charge weight of the alloy that is required to add the deficient weight of metal to the heat after the deadmelt oxidation losses have taken place.

1964, Management Accounting - Volume 46, Issues 1-6, page 14:

Once the charge has melted and reached the pouring temperature the furnace is left to stand for a short time and then skimmed, after which the melt is sent for further treatment to a deadmelt and casting furnace, or cast direct.

1972, The Brown Boveri Review - Volume 59, page 273:

(metallurgy) The process of deadmelting steel.


(metallurgy) 5160; Ellipsis of 5160 steel.


sorbitize

sorbitize (third-person singular simple present sorbitizes, present participle sorbitizing, simple past and past participle sorbitized)

sorbitizes (present singular third-person)
sorbitizing (participle present)
sorbitized (participle past)
sorbitized (past)

It will be noted that it required four quenchings to entirely sorbitize the steel.

1918, Denison Kingsley Bullens, Steel and its heat treatment, page 167:

Besides, they selectively sorbitize ions of ammonium and of non-ferrous, alkaline-earth and radioactive metals, thereby enhancing their usefulness as filtering materials in water treatment.

1998, Raj K. Singhal, Mine Planning and Equipment Selection 1998, →ISBN, page 703:

(metallurgy) To convert into a form containing sorbite.


sorbitization

en-noun

sorbitization (countable and uncountable, plural sorbitizations)

During 1951-1952, experiments were made on quenching (sorbitization) of entire lengths of rail at the Kuznetsk Metallurgical Combine.

1960, Aleksandr Mikhaĭlovich Samarin, Contemporary problems of metallurgy, page 501:

(metallurgy) The process of sorbitizing, especially in the hardening of metal by interrupted quenching.


debind

en-verb

debind (third-person singular simple present debinds, present participle debinding, simple past and past participle debound)

debinds (present singular third-person)
debinding (participle present)
debound (participle past)
debound (past)

(metallurgy) To remove binders (organic or other binding substances) from (something metal).


spark test

spark test (third-person singular simple present spark tests, present participle spark testing, simple past and past participle spark tested)

spark tests (present singular third-person)
spark testing (participle present)
spark tested (participle past)
spark tested (past)

From spark + test, due to the production of sparks in order to test for the character of a steel.

(metalworking) To test for the general character of a steel, when testing a piece of steel, by grinding it, producing sparks, and using the color of the sparks to determine its general classification.


water core

(metalworking) A hollow core through which water may be passed.


hot work

hot work (third-person singular simple present hot works, present participle hot working, simple past and past participle hot worked)

hot works (present singular third-person)
hot working (participle present)
hot worked (participle past)
hot worked (past)

Wrought copper and copper alloys are readily hot worked by rolling, forging, pressing, bending, and forming operations.

1971, United States. Naval Ship Systems Command, Ship Metallic Material Comparison and Use Guide, page 5-2:

Brasses of this composition therefore should be hot worked above 600–700 ° C giving a fine grain and fibrous structure.

1972, Arthur Cyril Davies, Science Practice Welding, page 110:

(metallurgy) To plastically deform metal (or other material) at temperatures above the recrystallization temperature but below the melting point of the material.


hot work

Although tungsten hot work steels can be air hardened, they are usually quenched in oil or hot salt to minimize scaling.

2008, Flake C. Campbell, Elements of Metallurgy and Engineering Alloys, page 420:

(metallurgy) Any of several plastic deformations of metal (or other material) at relatively high temperatures.


scribing block

scribing blocks (plural)
scriber block (alternative)

A scribing block is seldom dispensed with in the amateur's workshop, excepting in cases where its very existence is unknown.

1883 July, “Surface Gauges or Scribing Blocks”, in Amateur Mechanics, page 213:

By testing various parts of a line with the scribing block let the boys see that the line drawn is parallel to the surface plate.

1903, J. S. Miller, Teacher's Handbook of Manual Training: Metal Work, page 29:

The operation is to move the scribing block from end to end of the work and on both sides of it, packing it up until the upper surface is level, taking care, if the work does not lie level and steady upon the table, to insert wedges in the necessary places so that the work will lie firmly and not move during the operation of marking.

2013, Joshua Rose, The Complete Practical Machinist, page 322:

(metalworking) A device for scribing (marking) lines at a specific height from the base of an object, prior to machining.


postuniform

This produces a more uniform strain distribution. This is of special significance in the postuniform elongation region, where necking and high strain concentrations occur. An approximately linear relationship has been found between the m value and postuniform elongation for various steels and nonferrous alloys [17].

1999, Anil K. Sinha, “Mechanical Metallurgy of Flat-Rolled Metal Products”, in Henry E. Theis, editor, Handbook of Metalforming Processes, New York, NY: Marcel Dekker, Inc., →ISBN, page 31:

Deformation continues during postuniform strain in the neck and initiates microvoid formation around hard particles such as inclusions and carbides, leading eventually to ductile fracture surfaces characterized by coalesced microvoids.

2014, Comprehensive Materials Processing, page 370:

However, excess boron is desirable for improving postuniform elongation because it suppresses carbide precipitation at the grain boundary.

2016, George E. Totten, Rafael Colas, Encyclopedia of Iron, Steel, and Their Alloys, page 362:

(metallurgy) Pertaining to the state where elongation is a function of the strainrate hardening exponent determined near maximum load


hot roll

hot roll (third-person singular simple present hot rolls, present participle hot rolling, simple past and past participle hot rolled)

hot rolls (present singular third-person)
hot rolling (participle present)
hot rolled (participle past)
hot rolled (past)

(metalworking) To roll metal in a temperature that is above its recrystallization point.


spheroidize

spheroidize (third-person singular simple present spheroidizes, present participle spheroidizing, simple past and past participle spheroidized)

spheroidizes (present singular third-person)
spheroidizing (participle present)
spheroidized (participle past)
spheroidized (past)

(transitive, metallurgy) To heat (carbon steel) to form spheroidite.


Coined by the U.S. SAE iron and steel committee in 1919, replacing the earlier designation 52-95; being a 52-series iron alloy (steel).

52100 bearings developed the largest compressive residual stress.

52100 continues to be the most used bearing steel.

In the annealed condition 52100 is comparatively easy to machine.

(US, metallurgy) A common ball bearing metal, also used for blademaking, knifemaking. A high-carbon low-alloy chromium steel; typically containing 1.0% carbon and 1.5% chromium, with low silicon (0.25%) and manganese (0.35%).


brute de forge

brut de forge (alternative)
brut-de-forge (alternative)
brute-de-forge (alternative)

(metalworking) A forging technique to shape metal to its final form by working it through forging only, and leaving that as the finished surface, with only sanding or grinding what is necessary for function.

(metalworking, proscribed) Forge texturing, a metal finish, where the finished surface leaves the forge and hammering marks in place without grinding, sanding, polishing it away, except where such activity is necessary.


hardface

hardface (third-person singular simple present hardfaces, present participle hardfacing, simple past and past participle hardfaced)

hardfaces (present singular third-person)
hardfacing (participle present)
hardfaced (participle past)
hardfaced (past)

(metalworking) To apply a harder or tougher material to (a base metal) by welding.


rotary table

(metalworking) A device for precisely positioning the workpiece, enabling the operator to drill or cut at exact intervals around a fixed axis.


ledeburite

en-noun

ledeburite (countable and uncountable, plural ledeburites)

(metallurgy) a mixture of 4.3% carbon in iron


AAZ

(metallurgy) Initialism of arc attachment zone.