drift

en-noun

drift (countable and uncountable, plural drifts)

From Middle English drift, dryft (“act of driving, drove, shower of rain or snow, impulse”), from Old English *drift (“drift”), from Proto-Germanic *driftiz (“drift”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰreybʰ- (“to drive, push”). Equivalent to drive + -t; cognate with North Frisian drift (“drift”), Saterland Frisian Drift (“current, flow, stream, drift”), Dutch drift (“drift, passion, urge”), German Drift (“drift”) and Trift (“drove, pasture”), Danish drift (“impulse, instinct”), Swedish drift (“impulse, instinct”), Icelandic drift (“drift, snow-drift”).

cog

(cricket) A sideways movement of the ball through the air, when bowled by a spin bowler.


equalization

en-noun

equalization (countable and uncountable, plural equalizations)

equalizations (plural)
equalisation (alternative)

(underwater diving) Maneuvers to balance the pressure in the middle ear with the outside pressure by letting air enter along the Eustachian tubes.


extension

extension (countable and uncountable, plural extensions)

From Middle English extensioun, from Old French estension, from Latin extensiō, extensiōnem.

(weightlifting) An exercise in which an arm or leg is straightened against resistance.

(fencing) A simple offensive action, consisting of extending the weapon arm forward.

ojennus

fencing: a simple offensive action, consisting of extending the weapon arm forward


extra

(cricket) A run scored without the ball having hit the striker's bat - a wide, bye, leg bye or no ball.


fake

→ Japanese: フェイク (feiku)

The origin is not known with certainty, although first attested in 1775 C.E. in British criminals' slang. It is probably from feak, feague (“to give a better appearance through artificial means, spruce up, embellish”), itself from German Low German fegen, from Middle Low German vēgen, from Old Saxon fegōn, from Proto-West Germanic *fegōn (“to clean up, polish”).
Akin to Dutch veeg (“a swipe”), Dutch vegen (“to sweep, wipe”); German fegen (“to sweep, to polish”). Compare also Old English fācn (“deceit, fraud”). Perhaps related also to Old Norse fjúka (“to fade, vanquish, disappear”), Old Norse feikn (“strange, scary, unnatural”).

unk

not known

m+

(sports) A move meant to deceive an opposing player, used for gaining advantage for example when dribbling an opponent.


feint

The noun is borrowed from French feinte (“dummy, feint”), from feindre (“to fake, feign”), from Old French feindre, faindre, from Latin fingere, the present active infinitive of fingō (“to alter the truth to deceive, dissemble, feign, pretend; to fashion, form, shape”).
The verb is derived from the noun.
Cognates
* Italian finta
* Occitan fencha, fenha
* Old Spanish finta (modern Spanish finta (“dummy, feint”))

He had some advantage in the difference of our weapons; for his sword, as I recollect, was longer than mine, […] His obvious malignity of purpose never for a moment threw him off his guard, and he exhausted every feint and strategem proper to the science of defence; while, at the same time, he mediated the most desperate catastrophe to our rencounter.

1817 December 31 (indicated as 1818), [Walter Scott], chapter XII, in Rob Roy. […], volume II, Edinburgh: […] James Ballantyne and Co. for Archibald Constable and Co. […]; London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, →OCLC, pages 251–252:

It is also possible to deliver a compound riposte by using an indirect feint. The attacking fencer would be open to a compound riposte following a successful parry by their opponent.

1999, Allan Skipp, “Key Techniques”, in Handbook of Foil Fencing, Armley, Leeds: Coachwise Business Solutions for British Fencing, published 2006, →ISBN, page 36:

(boxing, fencing) A blow, thrust, or other offensive movement resembling an attack on some part of the body, intended to distract from a real attack on another part.

klamný pohyb

(boxing, fencing) offensive movement resembling an attack on some part of the body, intended to distract from a real attack on another part


feint

en-verb

feint (third-person singular simple present feints, present participle feinting, simple past and past participle feinted)

feints (present singular third-person)
feinting (participle present)
feinted (participle past)
feinted (past)

Genevra scowled and said, "His word is wild, / But dastard treason feinteth such disorders: / Treason or witchcraft neither, undefiled, / A Christian court may cherish in its borders."

1882, T. Alderson Wilson, “Lanval”, in Perseus and Other Essays in Verse, London: Ranken and Co., […], →OCLC, page 74:

Even Penrod's walk was affected; he adopted a gait which was a kind of taunting swagger; and, when he passed other children on the street, he practised the habit of feinting a blow; then, as the victim dodged, he rasped out the triumphant horse laugh which he gradually mastered to horrible perfection.

1914, Booth Tarkington, “The Imitator”, in Penrod, Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Page & Company, →OCLC, page 231:

I spurred on the Turani instead of pulling him in, and stood up in the saddle just as we came upon the two. By feinting a slash at one I made him throw up his saber to guard his head. Then, leaning down as the three ponies came together, I cut at the other's neck, getting home over his blade. His mount reared and shelled him out of the saddle like a pea out of a pod.

1924 October 10, Harold Lamb, “Forward”, in Arthur Sullivant Hoffman, editor, Adventure, volume XLIX, number I, New York, N.Y., London: The Ridgway Company, →OCLC, page 25, column 1:

To direct (a blow, thrust, or other offensive movement resembling an attack) on some part of the body, intended to distract from a real attack on another part.

tehdä harhautusliike

to direct (a blow, thrust, or other offensive movement resembling an attack) on some part of the body, intended to distract from a real attack on another part

Feint him—use your legs! draw him about! he'll lose his wind then in no time, and you can go into him.

1857, [Thomas Hughes], “The Fight”, in Tom Brown’s School Days. […], Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: Macmillan & Co., →OCLC, part II, page 323:

(rare) To direct a feint or mock attack against (someone).

tehdä valehyökkäys

to direct a feint or mock attack against (someone or something)

Ben-Hur feinted with his right hand. The stranger warded, slightly advancing his left arm. Ere he could return to guard, Ben-Hur caught him by the wrist in a grip which years at the oar had made terrible as a vise.

1880 November 12, Lew[is] Wallace, chapter XVI, in Ben-Hur: A Tale of the Christ, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers, […], →OCLC, book fifth, page 387:

My assailant stood a little; in the thick darkness I could see him bob and sidle as though he were feinting at me for an advantageous onfall.

1893–1897 (date written), Robert Louis Stevenson, “Swanston Cottage”, in St. Ives: Being the Adventures of a French Prisoner in England, New York, N.Y.: Charles Scribner’s Sons, published 1897, →OCLC, page 67:

Gomez feinted with his knife and the other man darted backward. He feinted again and the man moved to the side. The man feinted but Gomez didn't budge; he was anxious to get it on.

1984, Len Levinson, chapter 3, in Meat Grinder Hill (The Rat Bastards; 4), [San Francisco, Calif.]: AudioGO, published 2013, →ISBN:

(intransitive, boxing, fencing, also often military) To make a feint or mock attack.


feint

Borrowed from French feint, the past participle of feindre (“to fake, feign”): see etymology 1.

(boxing, fencing, also often military) Of an attack or offensive movement: directed toward a different part from the intended strike.

harhautus-

of an attack or offensive movement: directed toward a different part from the intended strike


foul

en-adj

foul (comparative fouler, superlative foulest)

fouler (comparative)
foulest (superlative)

Inherited from Middle English foul, from Old English fūl (“foul, dirty, unclean, impure, vile, corrupt, rotten, stinking, guilty”), from Proto-West Germanic *fūl, from Proto-Germanic *fūlaz (“foul, rotten”), from Proto-Indo-European *puH- (“to rot”).
Cognate with Dutch vuil (“foul, dirty, filthy, obscene, lewd”), German faul (“foul, rotten, putrid, lazy”), German Low German fuul (“foul, rotten, putrid”), Faroese fúlur (“foul”), Icelandic fúll (“foul, rotten, sullen”), Danish ful (“nasty, ugly”), Norwegian Bokmål ful (“clever, sly”), and Swedish ful (“ugly, dirty, bad”), and through Indo-European, with Albanian fëlliq (“to make dirty”), Latin puter (“rotten”). More at putrid.
Ancient Greek φαῦλος (phaûlos, “bad”) is a false cognate inasmuch as it is not from the same etymon, instead being cognate to few.

cog

Jones hit foul ball after foul ball.

(baseball) Outside of the base lines; in foul territory.

оплетен

having freedom of motion interfered with by collision or entanglement


foul

en-verb

foul (third-person singular simple present fouls, present participle fouling, simple past and past participle fouled)

fouls (present singular third-person)
fouling (participle present)
fouled (participle past)
fouled (past)

Inherited from Middle English foulen, fulen, from Old English fūlian (“to become foul; rot; decay”), from Proto-West Germanic *fūlēn, from Proto-Germanic *fūlāną (“to rot; decay”).

der

Smith fouled him hard.

The Gunners dominated for long periods but, against the run of play, Denilson fouled Max Gradel and Robert Snodgrass put Leeds ahead from the spot.

2011 January 8, Chris Bevan, “Arsenal 1 - 1 Leeds”, in BBC:

(transitive, basketball, soccer) To make contact with an opposing player in order to gain advantage.

фаулирам

Smith fouled within the first minute of the quarter.

State begins fouling and UCLA misses a couple of front-end free throws on one-and-ones.

2009, Brandon Lang, Stanley Cohen, Beating the Odds: The Rise, Fall, and Resurrection of a Sports Handicapper, →ISBN:

(intransitive, basketball, soccer) To commit a foul.

Jones fouled the ball off the facing of the upper deck.

(transitive, baseball) To hit outside of the baselines.

Jones fouled for strike one.

(intransitive, baseball) To hit a ball outside of the baselines.


foul

→ Cantonese: foul

→ Polish: faul

→ Russian: фол (fol)

→ Turkish: faul

A second Norwich goal in four minutes arrived after some dire Newcastle defending. Gosling gave the ball away with a sloppy back-pass, allowing Crofts to curl in a cross that the unmarked Morison powered in with a firm, 12-yard header.
Gosling's plight worsened when he was soon shown a red card for a foul on Martin.

2011 December 10, Arindam Rej, “Norwich 4 - 2 Newcastle”, in BBC Sport:

Even though we were swept, we did outstat the Fast Breakers in one category: they had six technical fouls for the series (three for Bibby, two for Matthews, and one for Shouse), and we totaled nine (three each for Mannion and me, one each for Jose Slaughter, Lewis, and Lamp).

2011, Charley Rosen, Crazy Basketball: A Life In and Out of Bounds, Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press, →ISBN, page 216:

(sports) A breach of the rules of a game, especially one involving inappropriate contact with an opposing player in order to gain an advantage; for example, tripping someone up in soccer, or contact of any kind in basketball.

(bowling) A (usually accidental) contact between a bowler and the lane before the bowler has released the ball.

Jones hit a foul up over the screen.

(baseball) A foul ball, a ball which has been hit outside of the base lines.


freak

freaks (plural)
freake (alternative)
freik (alternative)
freke (alternative)
frick (alternative)

First appears c. 1567. The sense "sudden change of mind, a whim" is of uncertain origin. Probably from a dialectal word related to Middle English frekynge (“capricious behavior; whims”) and Middle English friken, frikien (“to move briskly or nimbly”), from Old English frician (“to leap, dance”), or Middle English frek (“insolent, daring”), from Old English frec (“desirous, greedy, eager, bold, daring”), from Proto-West Germanic *frek, from Proto-Germanic *frekaz, *frakaz (“hard, efficient, greedy, bold, audacious”) (in which case, it would be related to the noun under Etymology 2). Compare Old High German freh (“eager”), Old English frēcne (“dangerous”).
For the meaning development compare Russian заско́к (zaskók) akin to скок (skok), скака́ть (skakátʹ).

der

(bodybuilding) A person whose physique has grown far beyond the normal limits of muscular development; often a bodybuilder weighing more than 260 pounds (120 kg).


gap

From Middle English gap, gappe, from Old Norse gap (“an empty space, gap, chasm”), from gapa (“to gape, scream”), from Proto-Germanic *gapōną, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeh₂- (“to open wide, gape”). Related to Danish gab (“an expanse, space, gap”), Old English ġeap (“open space, expanse”); compare English gape.

cog

Jones doubled through the gap.

(baseball) The regions between the outfielders.


gap

en-verb

gap (third-person singular simple present gaps, present participle gapping, simple past and past participle gapped)

gaps (present singular third-person)
gapping (participle present)
gapped (participle past)
gapped (past)

Honestly K&C could release today with like a bit more SOT buffs and they'd probably still gap a lot of the game

2022 May 4, u/jhawk1117, “Two units that were really ahead of their time”, in Reddit, r/DBZDokkanBattle, archived from the original on 2024-07-18:

sometimes dril gets absolutely gapped by average ukraine war reddit comments

2023 May 23, @slime_machine, Twitter, archived from the original on 2024-07-18:

Imagine street racing someone then suddenly both of you get gapped by a slammed tiger tank 😂 AKA der "Drippenwagen"

2023 December 19, @kommanderkarl, Twitter, archived from the original on 2024-07-18:

"Not really the reason his team lost" is still not showing up by Chovy's standarts. Like in a way you're downplaying how good this guy has been domestically the last 3-4 years. He is comfortably the best player in the league and is utterly gapping every other midlaner in the league series after series, year after year.

2024 March 9, u/djpain20, “T1 vs. Gen.G / LCK 2024 Spring - Week 7 / Post-Match Discussion”, in Reddit, r/leagueoflegends, archived from the original on 2024-07-18:

My sports car gets gapped by families of 5 in these all the time and they don't even know we're racing

2024 May 14, u/DM-Me-Your_Titties, “Kia reveals mid-life update to EV6.”, in Reddit, r/cars, archived from the original on 2024-07-18:

When you avoid getting buffed next patch due to your players gapping

2024 July 6, @Rubiflorid, Twitter, archived from the original on 2024-07-18:

(transitive, intransitive, slang, especially video games, motor racing) To surpass (someone or something) by a considerable margin.


heave

en-noun

heave (countable and uncountable, plural heaves)

From Middle English heven, hebben, from Old English hebban, from Proto-West Germanic *habbjan, from Proto-Germanic *habjaną (“to take up, lift”), from Proto-Indo-European *kh₂pyéti, from the root *keh₂p-. See also have.
Cognates
Cognate with West Frisian heffe, Dutch heffen ("to raise", "to lift"), German heben ("to raise", "to lift"), Danish hæve ("to raise", "to lift"), Albanian kap (“I grasp, seize”), Old Irish cáin (“law, tribute”), cacht (“prisoner”), Latin capiō (“to take”), Latvian kàmpt (“to seize”), Ancient Greek κάπτω (káptō, “to gulp down”), κώπη (kṓpē, “handle”)).

cog

That left 15 needed from Boult's final set. Two dots were followed by a heave over deep mid-wicket, then came the outrageous moment of fortune.

2019 July 14, Stephan Shemilt, “England win Cricket World Cup: Ben Stokes stars in dramatic finale against New Zealand”, in BBC Sport, London:

(cricket) A forceful shot in which the ball follows a high trajectory


court

→ Bulgarian: корт (kort)

→ French: court

desctree

→ Russian: корт (kort)
→ Armenian: կորտ (kort)

non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger

caught (non-rhotic, horse–hoarse merger)

From Middle English court, from Old French cort, curt, from Latin cōrtem (accusative of cōrs), ultimately from cohors. Doublet of cohort.

مَلْعَب

place for playing the game of tennis and some other ball games

The local sports club has six tennis courts and two squash courts.

The shuttlecock landed outside the court.

By one o'clock the place was choc-a-bloc. […] The restaurant was packed, and the promenade between the two main courts and the subsidiary courts was thronged with healthy-looking youngish people, drawn to the Mecca of tennis from all parts of the country.

1935, George Goodchild, chapter 5, in Death on the Centre Court:

(sports) A place arranged for playing the games of tennis, basketball, handball, badminton, volleyball, squash and some other games

The photograph at left captures a great serve by Dr. Sadowsky, who will never forget one of Bobby Riggs's serves, which had such a great spin that it landed in his court and bounced back to the other side of the net before he had a chance to return it.

one of the two divisions of a tennis, badminton or volleyball court, in which the player or players of each team play


invitation

en-noun

invitation (countable and uncountable, plural invitations)

From Middle English invitacioun, ynvytacioun, from Latin invītātio, reinforced by Middle French invitation. Displaced native Middle English lathinge from Old English laþung (see dialectal English lathing).

(fencing) A line that is intentionally left open to encourage the opponent to attack.


lap

en-verb

lap (third-person singular simple present laps, present participle lapping, simple past and past participle lapped or (archaic) lapt)

laps (present singular third-person)
lapping (participle present)
lapped (participle past)
lapped (past)
lapt (archaic participle past)
lapt (archaic past)

From Middle English lappen (“to fold, wrap”) from earlier wlappen (“to fold, wrap”), from Old English *wlappan, *wlæppan, *wlappian (“to wrap”), from Proto-Germanic *wlapp-, *wrapp- (“to wrap, fold, roll up, turn”), from Proto-Indo-European *werb- (“to bend, turn”).
Cognate with Middle Dutch lappen (“to wrap up, embrace”), dialectal Danish vravle (“to wind”), Old Italian goluppare (“to wrap, fold up”) (from Germanic). Doublet of wrap. Also related to envelop, develop.
The sense of "to get a lap ahead (of someone) on a track" is from 1847, on notion of "overlapping." The noun meaning "a turn around a track" (1861) is from this sense.

cog

en:overtake race competitors substantially

(transitive, sports, motor racing) To overtake a straggler in a race by completing one more whole lap than the straggler.

ohittaa kierroksella

sports, motor racing: to overtake a straggler in a race


lap

to run twenty laps

to drive the fastest lap in qualifying

to win by three laps

Alonso's second place moves him into a tie on points at the head of the championship with Sebastian Vettel, who was sixth in his Red Bull, passing Button, then Hamilton and finally Mercedes driver Nico Rosberg in quick succession in the closing laps.

2012 May 13, Andrew Benson, “Williams's Pastor Maldonado takes landmark Spanish Grand Prix win”, in BBC Sport:

(sports) One circuit around a race track.

to swim two laps

(swimming) The traversal of one length of the pool, or (less commonly) one length and back again.

塘

swimming: the traversal of one length of the pool


leash

From Middle English leesshe, leysche, lesshe, a variant of more original lease, from Middle English lees, leese, leece, lese, from Old French lesse (modern French laisse), from Latin laxa (“thong, a loose cord”), feminine form of laxus (“loose”); compare lax. Doublet of laisse.

Probably the idea was around before that, but the first photo of the leash in action was published that year

1980 February, Drew Kampion, “As Years Roll By (1970's Retrospective”, in Surfing, page 43:


mound

From earlier meaning "hedge, fence", from Middle English mound, mund (“protection, boundary, raised earthen rampart”), from Old English mund (“hand, hand of protection, protector, guardianship”), from Proto-West Germanic *mundu, from Proto-Germanic *mundō (“hand”), *munduz (“protection, patron”), from Proto-Indo-European *mh₂-nt-éh₂ (“the beckoning one”), from *(s)meh₂- (“to beckon”).
Cognate with Old Frisian mund (“guardianship”), Old High German munt (“hand, protection”) (German Mündel (“ward”), Vormund (“a guardian”)), Old Norse mund (“hand”) (Icelandic mund), Middle Dutch mond (“protection”), and possibly Latin manus (“hand”), Ancient Greek μάρη (márē, “hand”).

cog

The pitcher was waiting at the mound.

(baseball) Elevated area of dirt upon which the pitcher stands to pitch.


overreach

en-verb

overreach (third-person singular simple present overreaches, present participle overreaching, simple past and past participle overreached or (obsolete) overraught)

overreaches (present singular third-person)
overreaching (participle present)
overreached (participle past)
overreached (past)
overraught (obsolete participle past)
overraught (obsolete past)

/ˌəʊvəˈɹiːt͡ʃ/

/ˌoʊvə(ɹ)ˈɹit͡ʃ/

The verb is from Middle English overrechen (“to rise above; to extend beyond or over; to encroach; to catch, overtake; to reach; to obtain wrongfully (?); to take up (a book) to revise it”) [and other forms], equivalent to over- + reach; the noun is derived from the verb or from the phrase to reach over.

nb...

overreche, overreiche, (Northern England) overreke

أَنَافَ

to reach above or beyond, especially to an excessive degree

Attinto, [...] Alſo when a horſe is tainted or hurt, or ouerreacheth one foote with another, and withal doth hurt a ſinew.

1598, John Florio, “Attinto”, in A Worlde of Words, or Most Copious, and Exact Dictionarie in Italian and English, […], London: […] Arnold Hatfield for Edw[ard] Blount, →OCLC, page 32, column 3:

Defective or bad form will predispose a horse to overreach. Bad shoeing will also be liable to cause the hind-foot to catch the forward one.

1864, John Nicholson Navin, “Vices of the Horse”, in Navin’s Veterinary Practice: Or Explanatory Horse Doctor. […], Indianapolis, Ind.: Published for the author; stereotyped at the Franklin Type Foundry, […], →OCLC, division I, page 287:

(transitive, intransitive, reflexive, equestrianism) Of a horse: to strike the heel of a forefoot with the toe of a hindfoot.


overreach

en-noun

overreach (countable and uncountable, plural overreaches)

/ˈəʊvə(ˌ)ɹiːt͡ʃ/

/ˈoʊvə(ɹ)ˌɹit͡ʃ/

The hunter's [i.e., hunting horse's] legs should be washed with warm water, carefully examined for thorns, overreaches, &c., and the legs should be rubbed dry, and well hand rubbed, by which means a free circulation of the blood will be promoted.

1833 April, “Teaching the Horse to Leap”, in T. B. Johnson, editor, The Sportsman’s Cabinet, and Town and Country Magazine, volume I, number 6, London: Published by Sherwood, Gilbert, & Piper, […], →OCLC, page 424:

Overreach.—This unpleasant noise, known also by the terms ‘clicking’, ‘overreach’, &c., arises from the toe of the hind foot knocking against the shoe of the fore foot.

1833 October, “Art. LXVI.—The Vices, and Disagreeable or Dangerous Habits of the Horse. [From the Library of Useful Knowledge.]”, in John D. Legare, editor, The Southern Agriculturist, and Register of Rural Affairs; […], volume VI, number 10, Charleston, S.C.: Printed and published for the editor, by A. E. Miller, […], →OCLC, part II (Selections), page 547:

(equestrianism) Of a horse: an act of striking the heel of a forefoot with the toe of a hindfoot; an injury caused by this action.


pearl

en-verb

pearl (third-person singular simple present pearls, present participle pearling, simple past and past participle pearled)

pearls (present singular third-person)
pearling (participle present)
pearled (participle past)
pearled (past)

Horace
Jean Jannon
New Testament
Vergil
en:pearl
en:pearl (disambiguation)
en:pearl (typography)

From Middle English perle, from Old French perle of uncertain etymology. Probably via unattested Medieval Latin *pernula, from Latin perna (“haunch; a marine bivalve shaped like a leg of lamb”) but also derived from Medieval Latin perla, from Latin perula (“little bag”). Its typographic use follows the name given by Jean Jannon to the type used in his miniature editions of Vergil, Horace, & the New Testament in the 1620s, which were the smallest printed works to his time. Its surfing use derives from the supposed resemblance to pearl diving.

der

Used a pointed tip today and learned why I kept pearling with my round tipped board. Round noses like to dig into the water, causing frustrating wipeouts.

1999, Joanne VanMeter https://web.archive.org/web/20071027111258/http://www.letsplay.net/archive99/020399.shtml

(intransitive, surfing) To sink the nose of one's surfboard into the water, often on takeoff.

He couldn't even turn the board or raise the nose. Consequently, the board pearled, nose-dived into the water, throwing Lee off almost like being thrown from a horse. But he persisted.

2017, Jian, Sh-Boom: The Way of the World:

(intransitive, surfing) Of the nose of the surfboard: to sink in this manner.


peel

en-noun

peel (countable and uncountable, plural peels)

From Middle English pelen, from Old English pilian and Old French peler, pellier; both from Latin pilō, pilāre (“to remove hair from, depilate”), from pilus (“hair”). Doublet of pill.

der

(countable, rugby) The action of peeling away from a formation.

ganda

(Rugby football) The action of peeling away from a formation


peel

(Scotland, curling) An equal or match; a draw.

(curling) A takeout which removes a stone from play as well as the delivered stone.


peel

en-verb

peel (third-person singular simple present peels, present participle peeling, simple past and past participle peeled)

peels (present singular third-person)
peeling (participle present)
peeled (participle past)
peeled (past)


punk

en-noun

punk (countable and uncountable, plural punks)

Uncertain. Possibly from punk ("rotten wood dust used as tinder", attested since 1678; see Etymology 2 below) to anything worthless (attested since 1869) and then to any undesirable person (since 1908).

gl

(countable, US slang) A worthless person, particularly:

(circus slang) A young, untrained animal or worker.

A worthless person
A young, untrained animal or worker.


purchase

en-noun

purchase (countable and uncountable, plural purchases)

From Middle English purchasen, from Anglo-Norman purchacer (“seek to obtain”) from pur- (from Latin pro-) + chac(i)er (“to chase, pursue”). Compare Old French porchacier (“to follow, to chase”), which has given French pourchasser (“to chase without relent”).

cog

At first, he was climbing down, testing for purchase with his feet. But soon, as the entire section of ground rotated, he was lifted into the air, and up and down flipped around.

2015, Hao Jingfang, “Folding Beijing”, in Ken Liu, transl., Uncanny Magazine, number 2:

(climbing, uncountable) The amount of hold one has from an individual foothold or ledge.

fogás

the amount of hold one has from an individual foothold or ledge


raid

From Scots raid, from Northern Middle English rade, from Old English rād (“a riding, an expedition on horseback, road”), whence also the inherited English road (“way, street”). The earlier senses of “a riding, expedition, raid” fell into disuse in Early Modern English, but were revived in the northern form raid by Walter Scott in the early 19th century. The use for a swift police operation appears in the later 19th century and may perhaps have been influenced by French razzia (similar in both original meaning and sound).

der

The athletic Walker, one of Tottenham's more effective attacking elements with his raids from right-back, made a timely intervention after Rose had been dispossessed and even Aaron Lennon was needed to provide an interception in the danger zone to foil another attempt by the Russians.

2011 October 20, Jamie Lillywhite, “Tottenham 1 - 0 Rubin Kazan”, in BBC Sport:


rally

From Middle French rallier (French rallier), from Old French ralier, from Latin prefix re- + ad + ligare (“to bind; to ally”).

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-rally.wav

(squash, table tennis, tennis, badminton) A sequence of strokes between serving and scoring a point.

table tennis; badminton; table tennis; badminton

(motor racing) An event in which competitors drive through a series of timed special stages at intervals. The winner is the driver who completes all stages with the shortest cumulative time.


reach

From Middle English rechen, from Old English rǣċan (“to reach”), from Proto-West Germanic *raikijan, from Proto-Germanic *raikijaną, from the Proto-Indo-European *Hreyǵ- (“to bind, reach”).

(boxing) The distance a boxer's arm can extend to land a blow.

ulottuvuus

boxing: distance a boxer's arm can extend


reel

From Middle English reel, reele, from Old English rēol, hrēol, from Proto-West Germanic *hrehul, from Proto-Germanic *hrehulaz, *hrahilaz, from Proto-Indo-European *krek- (“to weave, beat”). Cognate with Icelandic ræl, hræll.

So strict is the kirk of Scotland, that one minister was unfrocked for writing a play (in former times); and another was sent about his business for being too fond of whiskey and of dancing the reel of Tullochgorum.

1824, Felix M'Donogh, The Hermit in Edinburgh:

(dance) A lively dance originating in Scotland.


referee

/ˌɹɛf.əˈɹiː/

From Middle English [Term?], from past participle of Old French referer (“to relate, to refer”), from Latin referre (“to carry back, to report, to notify”); as if refer + -ee, that is, the person to whom something is referred for consideration.

The referee kicked Jim out of the game for fighting.

(sports) An umpire or judge; an official who makes sure the rules are followed during a game.


release

en-verb

release (third-person singular simple present releases, present participle releasing, simple past and past participle released)

releases (present singular third-person)
releasing (participle present)
released (participle past)
released (past)

From Middle English relesen, relessen, from Old French relaisser (variant of relascher).

With the Gunners far too lightweight in midfield, Mikel Arteta dropped back into a deeper-lying role. This freed Yossi Benayoun to go further forward, a move that helped forge a rare Arsenal chance on 30 minutes when the Israeli released Van Persie, only for the Dutchman's snap-shot to be tipped around the post.

2011 September 13, Sam Lyon, “Borussia Dortmund 1-1 Arsenal”, in BBC:

(soccer) To set up; to provide with a goal-scoring opportunity


represent

represent (third-person singular simple present represents, present participle representing, simple past and past participle represented)

represents (present singular third-person)
representing (participle present)
represented (participle past)
represented (past)
repræsent (alternative)

/ˌɹɛp.ɹɪˈzɛnt/

From Old French représenter, from Latin repraesentō.

(sports, transitive) To participate as a team member


reserve

en-noun

reserve (countable and uncountable, plural reserves)

From Old French reserver, from Latin reservō (“to reserve, retain”).

اِحْتِيَاط

that which is reserved or kept back, as for future use

рэзерва́цыя

tract of land reserved for Aboriginal people

Something initially kept back for later use in recreation.

(sports) A member of a team who does not participate from the start of the game, but can be used to replace tired or injured team-mates.


result

Recorded since 1432 as Middle English resulten, from Medieval Latin resultare, in Classical Latin "to spring forward, rebound", the frequentative of the past participle of resilio (“to rebound”), from re- (“back”) + salio (“to jump, leap”).

It had been his intention to go to Wimbledon, but as he himself said: “Why be blooming well frizzled when you can hear all the results over the wireless. And results are all that concern me. […]”

1935, George Goodchild, chapter 3, in Death on the Centre Court:

The Gunners boss has been heavily criticised for his side's poor start to the Premier League season but this result helps lift the pressure.

2011 September 24, David Ornstein, “Arsenal 3 - 0 Bolton”, in BBC Sport:


retire

en-verb

retire (third-person singular simple present retires, present participle retiring, simple past and past participle retired)

retires (present singular third-person)
retiring (participle present)
retired (participle past)
retired (past)

/ɹəˈtaɪə(ɹ)/

From Middle French retirer (“draw back”), from Old French retirer, built from re- (“back”) + tirer (“draw, pull”), the latter from Vulgar Latin *tīrāre, of highly uncertain origin.

I have decided to retire from football at the end of the season after the World Cup.

(intransitive, sports) To stop playing their sport and in competitions a sports player.

اِعْتَزَلَ

sports: sports player stop playing their sport and in competitions

Jones retired in favour of Smith.

(intransitive, cricket, of a batsman) To voluntarily stop batting before being dismissed so that the next batsman can bat.

luopua

cricket: to voluntarily stop batting before being dismissed

Jones retired Smith 6-3.

Jones makes the catch for the third out, and that retires the side.

(transitive, baseball, of a fielder) To make a play which results in a runner or the batter being out, either by means of a put out, fly out or strikeout. Also, when such an event ends a team's turn at bat.

polttaa

baseball: to make a play which results in a runner or the batter being out


route

→ Japanese: ルート

From Middle English route, from Old French route, from Latin [rupta] via (literally “a path made by force”). Compare Modern French route.

der

(horse racing) A race longer than one mile.


scout

From Middle English scout, scoult, from Old French escoute (“action of listening”), verbal noun from escouter (“to listen, heed”), from Latin auscultō (“to listen”). The verb comes from the noun.

(UK, cricket) A fielder in a game for practice.


secondary

From Middle English secundarie, from Latin secundārius (“of the second class or quality”), from secundus (whence the English second) + -ārius (whence the English suffix -ary), equivalent to second + -ary; compare the French secondaire, the Italian secondario, the Occitan secundari, the Portuguese secundario, and the Spanish secundario.

English numerals#Ordinal numbers
secondary

(American football, Canadian football) The defensive backs.


serve

receive

From Middle English serven, from Old French servir, from Latin serviō (“be a slave; serve”), from Latin servus (“slave; servant”), which perhaps derives from Etruscan (compare Etruscan proper names 𐌔𐌄𐌓𐌅𐌉 (servi), 𐌔𐌄𐌓𐌅𐌄 (serve)), or from Proto-Indo-European *ser- (“watch over, protect”).

Whose serve is it?

He had no power serve of his own, no backhand, no volley, no lob, no idea of pace or tactics.

1961 January 13, Marshall Smith, “From Waif to a Winner, the Clown of the Courts”, in Life, page 99:

The first serve of the game is from the right half court to the half diagonally opposite.

Against a serve of the calibre of McEnroe′s, an opponent will try to anticipate the ball′s direction and lean either to the left or to the right, depending on where he feels the server will go.

2009, Mihnea Moldoveanu, Roger L. Martin, Diaminds: Decoding the Mental Habits of Successful Thinkers, page 31:

(sports) An act of putting the ball or shuttlecock in play in various games.

إِرْسَال

sports: act of putting the ball or shuttlecock in play


serve

en-verb

serve (third-person singular simple present serves, present participle serving, simple past and past participle served)

serves (present singular third-person)
serving (participle present)
served (participle past)
served (past)

desc

→ Thai: เสิร์ฟ (sə̀əp)

→ Thai: เสิร์ฟ (sə̀əp)

In women's tennis the need to serve more effectively has become greater in recent years because the game is being played more aggressively, and rallies are becoming shorter as a result.

2007, Rob Antoun, Women's Tennis Tactics, page 2:

(transitive, intransitive, sports) To lead off with the first delivery over the net in tennis, volleyball, ping pong, badminton etc.

сервирам

sports: to lead off with first delivery (of the ball)


server

→ Danish: server

→ Dutch: server

→ German: Server

→ Hindi: सर्वर (sarvar)

→ Hungarian: szerver

→ Italian: server m

→ Japanese: サーバー (sābā)

→ Korean: 서버 (seobeo)

→ Norwegian Bokmål: server, sørver

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: server, sørvar

→ Persian: سرور

→ Polish: serwer

→ Portuguese: server

→ Romanian: server n

→ Russian: се́рвер (sérver)

→ Thai: เซิร์ฟเวอร์ (sə́əp-wə̂ə)

→ Thai: เซิร์ฟเวอร์ (sə́əp-wə̂ə)

→ Turkish: server

From Middle English servere, equivalent to serve + -er.

(tennis, volleyball) The player who serves the ball.

One who serves.
The player who serves the ball.


shred

en-verb

shred (third-person singular simple present shreds, present participle shredding, simple past shredded, past participle shredded or shred)

shreds (present singular third-person)
shredding (participle present)
shredded (past)
shredded (participle past)
shred (participle past)
shred (infinitive)

The verb is derived from Middle English shreden, shred (“to chop, cut up; to cut, hack; to wound with a knife; to cut off a part of (something); to prune, trim”) [and other forms], from Old English sċrēadian (“to cut up, shred; to cut off; to prune, trim”), from Proto-West Germanic *skraudōn, related to Proto-West Germanic *skraudan (“to cut up; to shred”), from Proto-Germanic *skraudaną (“to cut up; to shred”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to cut off”).
The adjective is derived from the past participle form of the verb.

nb...

schred, schredde, schrede, screde, shreade, shrede, shredde, shrid, (Early Middle English) screda, scradien, (Ormulum) shrædenn

inh

(snowboarding, surfing) To cut through (snow, water, etc.) swiftly with one's snowboard, surfboard, etc.; (by extension) to move or ride along (a road, track, etc.) aggressively and rapidly.

(bodybuilding) To reduce body weight due to fat and water before a competition.

tiputtaa

to reduce body weight due to fat and water before a competition

(snowboarding, surfing, etc.) To travel swiftly using a snowboard, surfboard, or vehicle.


shy

From Middle English shy (“shy”), from Old English sċēoh (“shy”), from Proto-West Germanic *skeuh (“shy, fearful”), from Proto-Germanic *skeuhaz (“shy, fearful”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian skjou (“shy”), Dutch schuw (“shy”), German scheu (“shy”), Danish sky (“shy”).
Etymology tree
Middle English shy
English shy

etymon

(Scotland, soccer) A throw-in from the sidelines, using two hands above the head.


skate

en-verb

skate (third-person singular simple present skates, present participle skating, simple past and past participle skated)

skates (present singular third-person)
skating (participle present)
skated (participle past)
skated (past)

Back-formation from Dutch schaats, from Middle Dutch schāetse, from Old Northern French escache (“a stilt, trestle”) (compare French échasse and English scatch), from a Germanic language, perhaps Frankish *skakkjā (“stilt”, literally “thing that moves”), related to *skakan (“to shake, swing”).


skate

(skiing) Pertaining to the technique of skating.


slam

en-verb

slam (third-person singular simple present slams, present participle slamming, simple past and past participle slammed)

slams (present singular third-person)
slamming (participle present)
slammed (participle past)
slammed (past)

From Middle English *slammen (not recorded), apparently from a Scandinavian source ultimately from Old Norse slæma, slœma (“to slam, swing a weapon, strike an object out of reach”), related to Old Norse slamra, slambra (“to slam”). Cognate with Norwegian Bokmål slamre (“to slam”), Swedish slamra (“to pound, beat, make a clatter, rattle”), Norwegian Nynorsk slamra (“to sway, dangle”).

правя капо

card games: to defeat by winning all the tricks

The Armenian football team has slammed the Turks 6–0.

(transitive, sports slang) To defeat or overcome in a match.

(basketball) To dunk forcefully, to slam dunk.


slam

en-noun

slam (countable and uncountable, plural slams)

(countable, tennis) One of the competitions of the yearly Grand Slam events.


slam

desctree

→ French: chelem, schelem
→ English: chelem

Unknown and long-speculated, though perhaps at least reinforced by Etymology 1. Doublet of chelem.

In the 125 Grand Prix, I. D. Fuller (4) made it a grand slam by setting the fastest time trial, winning his heat and getting the checkered flag in the final.

1955 August, “Carolina Grand Prix Benefits Crippled Children”, in American Motorcyclist, volume 9, number 8, page 21:

I have never been a fan of tennis, I'll be honest, but even I can appreciate a great tennis player when I see one, and one of the finest of all was the American champion, Andre Agassi. Agassi was at one time number one in the world. He won eight grand slam titles (including a Wimbledon title) and a gold medal in the Olympic Games.

2012, Mark Stibbe, I am Your Father: What every heart needs to know, →ISBN, page 178:

Musso then passed Collins and, only briefly, it looked as though there might be a Ferrari grand slam.

2014, Anthony Pritchard, Grand Prix Ferrari: The Years of Enzo Ferrari’s Power, 1948-1980, →ISBN:

(countable, sports) Winning all (or all but one) of the available, major or specified events in a given year or sports season.


slice

From Middle English sclise, sklise, from Old French esclice, esclis (“a piece split off”), deverbal of esclicer, esclicier (“to splinter, split up”), from Frankish *slitjan (“to split up”), from Proto-Germanic *slitjaną, from Proto-Germanic *slītaną (“to split, tear apart”), from Proto-Indo-European *sleyd- (“to rend, injure, crumble”). Akin to Old High German sliz, gisliz (“a tear, rip”), Old High German slīzan (“to tear”), Old English slītan (“to split up”), modern French éclisse. More at slite, slit.

der

(golf) A shot that (for the right-handed player) curves unintentionally to the right. See fade, hook, draw.

(cricket) A kind of cut shot where the bat makes an obtuse angle with the batter.


slice

en-verb

slice (third-person singular simple present slices, present participle slicing, simple past and past participle sliced)

slices (present singular third-person)
slicing (participle present)
sliced (participle past)
sliced (past)

no matter how thin you slice it, it's still baloney

(transitive, golf) To hit a shot that slices (travels from left to right for a right-handed player).

svirgolare

(golf) to hit a shot that travels to one side

(transitive, rowing) To angle the blade so that it goes too deeply into the water when starting to take a stroke.

Chris Brunt sliced the spot-kick well wide but his error was soon forgotten as Olsson headed home from a corner.

2011 October 22, Sam Sheringham, “Aston Villa 1 – 2 West Brom”, in BBC Sport:

(transitive, soccer) To kick the ball so that it goes in an unintended direction, at too great an angle or too high.

(transitive, tennis) To hit the ball with a stroke that causes a spin, resulting in the ball swerving or staying low after a bounce.


snap

en-noun

snap (countable and uncountable, plural snaps)

From Dutch snappen (“to bite; seize”) or Low German snappen (“to bite; seize”), ultimately from Proto-West Germanic *snappōn, from Proto-Germanic *snappōną (“to snap; snatch; chatter”), intensive form of *snapāną (”to snap; grab”, whence Old Norse snapa (“to get; scrounge”)), from Proto-Indo-European *snop-; compare Lithuanian snãpas (“beak, bill”). (One alternative hypothesis links the Germanic words to *snu-, an expressive root deriving words meaning “nose”, “snout”, “sniff” etc., but this is phonetically unsound.) In any case influenced by onomatopoeia; note expressions such as snip-snap, containing the formally unrelated snip.
Cognate with West Frisian snappe (“to get; catch; snap”), German schnappen (“to grab”), Swedish snappa (“to snatch”).
The verb is derived from the noun.

gloss

”to snap; grab”, whence Old Norse <i class="Latn mention" lang="non">snapa</i> (“to get; scrounge”)

sound-symbolic

expressive

onom

onomatopoeia

cog

According to Pro Football Focus, Simmons, listed at 6-foot-4 and 238 pounds, played at least 100 snaps at five positions — slot cornerback, edge rusher, linebacker and both safety spots — and finished with 16½ tackles for a loss, eight sacks, eight pass deflections and three interceptions.

2020 April 24, Ken Belson, Ben Shpigel, “Full Round 1 2020 N.F.L. Picks and Analysis”, in New York Time:

(American football) A backward pass or handoff of a football from its position on the ground that puts the ball in play; a hike.


snap

en-verb

snap (third-person singular simple present snaps, present participle snapping, simple past and past participle snapped or (obsolete) snapt)

snaps (present singular third-person)
snapping (participle present)
snapped (participle past)
snapped (past)
snapt (obsolete participle past)
snapt (obsolete past)

sound-symbolic

expressive

onom

onomatopoeia

захапвам

to attempt to seize with the teeth or bite

napsauttaa

transitive: to cause something to emit a snapping sound

He can snap the ball to a back twenty yards behind him.

(transitive, American football) To put (a football) in play by a backward pass or handoff from its position on the ground; to hike (a football).

antaa aloitussyöttö

to pass the ball from the center to a back, to hike the ball

(cricket, transitive) To catch out sharply (a batsman who has just snicked a bowled ball).


sneak

Possibly from Middle English sniken (“to creep, crawl”), from Old English snīcan (“to creep, crawl”), from Proto-West Germanic *snīkan, from Proto-Germanic *snīkaną (“to creep, crawl”), which is related to the root of snake. Compare Danish snige (“to sneak”), Swedish snika (“to sneak, hanker after”), Icelandic sníkja (“to sneak, hanker after”). Possibly related to snitch.

cog

(obsolete, cricket) A ball bowled so as to roll along the ground; a daisy-cutter

(American football) A play where the quarterback receives the snap and immediately dives forward.


snipe

From Middle English snipe, snype (a type of bird), from Old Norse snípa, as in mýrisnípa (“moor snipe”). Akin to Norwegian snipe.
The verb originated in the 1770s among soldiers in British India where a hunter skilled enough to kill the elusive snipe was dubbed a "sniper". The term sniper was first attested in 1824 in the sense of the word "sharpshooter".

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-snipe.wav


snipe

en-verb

snipe (third-person singular simple present snipes, present participle sniping, simple past and past participle sniped)

snipes (present singular third-person)
sniping (participle present)
sniped (participle past)
sniped (past)


spare

From Middle English spare, spar, from Old English spær (“sparing, scant”), from Proto-Germanic *sparaz, from Proto-Indo-European *sph₁rós, from the root *speh₁-.
Compare Dutch spaar(zaam), German spar(sam) and spär(lich), Swedish spar(sam), Icelandic sparr (“sparing”); also Latin (pro)sperus (“lucky”), Old Church Slavonic споръ (sporŭ, “plentiful”), Albanian shperr (“earn money”), Persian سپار (sepâr, “entrust; deposit”), Ancient Greek σπαρνός (sparnós, “rare”), Sanskrit स्फिर (sphirá, “thick”).

cog

(bowling) The right of bowling again at a full set of pins, after having knocked all the pins down in less than three bowls. If all the pins are knocked down in one bowl it is a double spare; in two bowls, a single spare.

(bowling) The act of knocking down all remaining pins in second ball of a frame; this entitles the pins knocked down on the next ball to be added to the score for that frame.


spike

From Middle English spike, spyke, spik, from Old Norse spík (“spike, sprig”), from Proto-Germanic *spīkō (“stick, splinter, point”), from Proto-Indo-European *spey- (“to be pointed; sharp point, stick”). Cognate with Icelandic spík (“spike”), Swedish spik (“spike, nail”), Dutch spijker (“nail”), Old English spīcing (“spike”), and Latin spīca (“ear of corn”), which may have influenced some senses.

шпайкове

informal: running shoes with spikes in the soles

(volleyball) An attack from, usually, above the height of the net performed with the intent to send the ball straight to the floor of the opponent or off the hands of the opposing block.


spike

en-verb

spike (third-person singular simple present spikes, present participle spiking, simple past and past participle spiked)

spikes (present singular third-person)
spiking (participle present)
spiked (participle past)
spiked (past)

(volleyball) To attack from, usually, above the height of the net with the intent to send the ball straight to the floor of the opponent or off the hands of the opposing block.

to spike the football

“No one is spiking the football yet,” Mr. Kahl said.

2022 September 13, Julian E. Barnes, Eric Schmitt, Helene Cooper, quoting Colin Kahl, “The Critical Moment Behind Ukraine’s Rapid Advance”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

(American football slang) To slam the football to the ground, usually in celebration of scoring a touchdown, or to stop expiring time on the game clock after snapping the ball as to save time for the losing team to attempt to score the tying or winning points.


splice

Circa 1525, borrowed from Middle Dutch splissen (Modern Dutch splitsen); akin to Middle Dutch splitten (“to split”), German spleißen (“to split, splice”), Spliss (“split ends, hair breakage”), French épisser (also from Dutch). The Dutch word originally referred only to the fraying of the ropes' ends but was then also used for the entire process of fraying and retying; hence the peculiar semantic development from “split” to “join”. The same development occurred in German.

If the ball hits the splice, it is likely to dolly up for an easy catch.

(cricket) That part of a bat where the handle joins the blade.


splitter

lumper

antonym(s) of “one who prefers to split categories”

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-splitter.wav

split-finger fastball
split-finger fastball


stack

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-stack.wav

From Middle English stack, stacke, stakke, stak, from Old Norse stakkr (“a barn; haystack; heap; pile”), from Proto-Germanic *stakkaz (“a barn; rick; haystack”).
The data structure sense is a calque of Dutch stapel, introduced by Edsger W. Dijkstra. Cognate with Icelandic stakkur (“stack”), Swedish stack (“stack”), Danish stak (“stack”), Norwegian stakk (“stack”). Related to stake and sauna.

der

(bodybuilding) A blend of various dietary supplements or anabolic steroids with supposed synergistic benefits.


stagger

From Middle English stageren, stakeren, from Old Norse stakra (“to push, stagger”). Cognate with dialectal Danish stagre.

(motor racing) The difference in circumference between the left and right tires on a racing vehicle. It is used on oval tracks to make the car turn better in the corners.


steed

Inherited from Middle English stede (“steed”), from Old English stēda (“stallion, stud”), from Proto-West Germanic *stōdijō; (compare Old Dutch stoti (“herd of horses”), Old High German stuot (“herd of horses”)).

cog

silent steed

In the green lanes of Merrie England the bicycle rider in his natty uniform, speeding along on his silent steed, is met with almost as often as vehicles drawn by horses, and it is safe to say that in the various countries of the world not less than half a million bicycles and tricycles are now in use.

1887 July 26, Thomas Stevens, “Bicycle chat for boys”, in Harper's Young People, volume VIII, number 404, page 614:


swerve

en-noun

swerve (countable and uncountable, plural swerves)

From Middle English swerven, swarven, from Old English sweorfan (“to file; rub; polish; scour; turn aside”), from Proto-Germanic *swerbaną (“to rub off; wipe; mop”), from Proto-Indo-European *swerbʰ- (“to turn; wipe; sweep”). Cognate with West Frisian swerve (“to wander; roam; swerve”), Dutch zwerven (“to wander; stray; roam”), Low German swarven (“to swerve; wander; riot”), Swedish dialectal svärva (“to wipe”), Icelandic sverfa (“to file”).

cog

(cricket) Synonym of drift (“sideways movement imparted by spin bowler”)


track

→ Kashubian: trak (Canada)

From Middle English trak, tracke, from Old French trac (“track of horses, trail, trace”), of uncertain origin. Likely from a Germanic source, either Old Norse traðk ("a track; path; trodden spot"; > Icelandic traðk (“a track; path; tread”), Faroese traðk (“track; tracks”), Norwegian tråkke (“to trample”)) or from Middle Dutch trec, *trac, treck ("line, row, series"; > Dutch trek (“a draft; feature; trait; groove; expedition”)), German Low German Treck (“a draught; movement; passage; flow”). See tread, trek.

gloss

"line, row, series"; > Dutch <i class="Latn mention" lang="nl">trek</i> (“a draft; feature; trait; groove; expedition”)

cog

I'm going to try out for track next week.

The University of Virginia belongs to the Atlantic Coast Conference and competes interscholastically in basketball, baseball, crew, cross country, fencing, football, golf, indoor track, lacrosse, polo, soccer, swimming, tennis, track, and wrestling.

1973, University of Virginia Undergraduate Record:

(uncountable, sports) The racing events of track and field; track and field in general.


waster

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-waster.wav

Or, as they that play at wasters exercise themselves by a few cudgels how to avoid an enemy's blows, let us arm ourselves against all such violent incursions which may invade our minds.

1624, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], The Anatomy of Melancholy: […], 2nd edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC, partition II, section 3, member 6:

(obsolete, chiefly fencing) A kind of cudgel; also, a blunt-edged sword used as a foil.


feud

feuds (plural)
fead (alternative)
feaud (alternative)
fede (alternative)
feood (alternative)
fewd (alternative)
fewde (alternative)
fuide (alternative)
fude (alternative)

Oxford English Dictionary
Survey of English Dialects

Inherited from Northern Middle English fede, feide, from Old French faide, feide, fede, from Proto-West Germanic *faihiþu (“hatred, enmity”) (corresponding to foe + -th), from Proto-Indo-European *peyḱ- (“hostile”).
Cognate to Old English fǣhþ, fǣhþu, fǣhþo (“hostility, enmity, violence, revenge, vendetta”), German Fehde, and Dutch vete (“feud”) (directly inherited from Proto-West Germanic) alongside Danish fejde (“feud, enmity, hostility, war”) and Swedish fejd (“feud, controversy, quarrel, strife”) (borrowed from Middle Low German).

der

professional wrestling
professional wrestling

(professional wrestling) A staged rivalry between wrestlers.


survive

en-verb

survive (third-person singular simple present survives, present participle surviving, simple past and past participle survived)

survives (present singular third-person)
surviving (participle present)
survived (participle past)
survived (past)

From Anglo-Norman survivre, Old French survivre, from Late Latin supervivere (“to outlive”), from Latin super (“over”) + vivere (“to live”), akin to vita (“life”). See vivid. Compare devive, revive.

(transitive, sports) Of a team, to avoid relegation or demotion to a lower division or league.


ringer

Some senses may derive from ring the changes (“run through variations; enliven; pass counterfeit money; trick a shopkeeper into giving too much change”).

Coordinate term: shill

Near-synonym: hustler

(sports) A person highly proficient at a skill or sport who is brought in, often fraudulently, to supplement a team.

(horse racing) A horse fraudulently entered in a race using the name of another horse.


wedgie

(basketball, slang) A basketball stuck between the rim and the backboard following a field goal, free throw, rebound, or block attempt.


paddle

en-noun

paddle (countable and uncountable, plural paddles)

→ Danish: paddel, padle

Partly from the verb paddle ("to splash, dabble"; see below) and partly from Middle English padell (“small spade”).
Middle English padell is from Medieval Latin padela, itself of uncertain origin: perhaps an alteration of Middle English *spaddle (see also spaddle), a diminutive of spade; or from Latin patella (“pan, plate”), the diminutive of patina, or a merger of the two. Compare Ancient Greek πηδάλιον (pēdálion, “rudder, steering oar”), derived from πηδός (pēdós, “the blade of an oar; an oar”).

cog

(sports, uncountable) Alternative form of padel


glute

The hamstrings also get worked in a number of quad and glute moves.

2010, Adam Garett, “Fried Hams”, in Reps!, 17:23:

(exercise, colloquial) A gluteal muscle.


booger

Watch the local boogers charge it!

(surfing, slang, mildly derogatory) A bodyboarder.


offside

en-adj

offside (comparative more offside, superlative most offside)

more offside (comparative)
most offside (superlative)
off-side (alternative)

From off- + side. Compare German Abseite (“remote area, backside”), German abseits (“out of the way, apart, aside”, adverb), Dutch afzijdig (“neutral, impartial”).

cog

(sports) In an illegal position ahead of the ball, puck, etc.

афса́йд

in an illegal position ahead of the ball


offside

offsides (plural)
off-side (alternative)

→ Czech: ofsajd

→ Macedonian: офсајд (ofsajd)

→ Serbo-Croatian: ȍfsājd, о̏фса̄јд


IRL

(motor racing) Initialism of Indy Racing League.


runoff

en-noun

runoff (countable and uncountable, plural runoffs)

(sports) A second or further round of a competition, after other competitors (often all but the last two) have been eliminated.

döntő

sports: a second or further round of a competition, after other competitors (often all but the last two) have been eliminated


pointless

en-adj

pointless (comparative more pointless, superlative most pointless)

more pointless (comparative)
most pointless (superlative)
pointlesse (alternative)

From Middle English pointles, poynteles, poyntlees; equivalent to point + -less.

After four matches and four defeats, United remain pointless at the foot of the table.


seagull

en-verb

seagull (third-person singular simple present seagulls, present participle seagulling, simple past and past participle seagulled)

seagulls (present singular third-person)
seagulling (participle present)
seagulled (participle past)
seagulled (past)
sea gull (alternative)
sea-gull (alternative)

From sea + gull. The second element is from a Brythonic language. Compare Welsh gwylan, Breton gouelan.

[…] and when you need cover for the fullback because of the bombs raining down, when the walking maul requires every forward to quit seagulling and actually do some hard graft, then the rest of the game opens up.

2002 September 24, Greig Blanchett, “Re: The Immorality of the Drop Goal”, in rec.sport.rugby.union (Usenet):

On hand was seagulling number eight Dave Hodges to cross for the all-important try.

2002 December 13, “Sharks beached at Stradey”, in BBC Sport:

That occurred in the 12th minute when flanker George Smith, seagulling out wide, enjoyed the rewards of a two-man overlap to score.

2003 November 2, Greg Growden, “Australia survives scare”, in The Age:

France was full of running and continued to spread the ball wide or kick in behind the defence, where towering right-winger Aurelien Rougerie and the seagulling French back row had a height advantage contesting the high ball.

2003 November 10, Mark Fuller, “Impeccable France outclasses Ireland”, in The Age:

Samo seagulled for Australia's final try two minutes from time.

2011 September 24, Darren Walton, “Injuries sour Wallabies 67-5 win over USA”, in MSN NZ:

(British, Australia, New Zealand, rugby slang, of a forward) To run in the back line rather than concentrate on primary positional duties in open play.


bunny

From bun (“rabbit”) + -y (diminutive suffix). Probably from Scottish Gaelic bun (“bottom, butt, stump, stub”), from Old Irish bun (“the thick end of anything, base, butt, foot”), from Proto-Celtic *bonus, though its origin is uncertain. Compare also English bum. Together with rabbit, bunny has largely displaced its former rhyme cony (see cony for more).

der

(sports) In basketball, an easy shot (i.e., one right next to the bucket) that is missed.

(cricket) Synonym of rabbit (“batsman frequently dismissed by the same bowler”)


bunny

en-adj

bunny (comparative bunnier, superlative bunniest)

bunnier (comparative)
bunniest (superlative)

Let’s start on the bunny slope.

We are on the bunniest of bunny hills. I've fallen no fewer than six times and I love every minute of it.

2014, Carey Heywood, Sawyer Says: A Companion Novel to Him and Her, →ISBN:


clip

en-verb

clip (third-person singular simple present clips, present participle clipping, simple past and past participle clipt or clipped)

clips (present singular third-person)
clipping (participle present)
clipt (participle past)
clipt (past)
clipped (participle past)
clipped (past)

From Middle English clippen, from Old Norse klippa (“to clip, cut the hair, shear sheep”). Cognate with Icelandic klippa (“to clip”), Swedish klippa (“to clip”), Danish klippe (“to clip”), Norwegian Bokmål klippe (“to clip”).

der

(American football) To perform an illegal tackle, throwing the body across the back of an opponent's leg or hitting him from the back below the waist while moving up from behind unless the opponent is a runner or the action is in close line play.


stumped

en-adj

stumped (comparative more stumped, superlative most stumped)

more stumped (comparative)
most stumped (superlative)

(cricket, of a batsman, not comparable) out as a result of the wicket-keeper breaking the wicket with the ball while the batsman is out of his crease.


fo shizzle

Blend of for sure + -izzle (rhyming ending). Popularized by rap artist Snoop Dogg; see -izzle for details. Fo shizzle is a direct derivative of Fa Sheezy popularized by E-40. They both share the same meaning and are used interchangeably. Both words first appeared on media in 1996 on Bay Area Rapper E-40’s “Rapper’s Ball”.

blend

for shizzle (alternative)
fo’ shizzle (alternative)
fa shizzle (alternative)

2001, Shawn Corey “Jay-Z” Carter, “Izzo (H.O.V.A.)”, The Blueprint, Roc-A-Fella and Island Def Jam
H to the izz-O, V to the izz-A
Fo’ shizzle my nizzle used to dribble down in VA

2002, Calvin Cordozar “Snoop Dogg” Broadus, Jr., “Beautiful”, Paid tha Co$t to Be da Bo$$, Doggystyle Records, Priority Records, and Capitol Records
Guy on phone: Yo dogg we on the way to do the video
Snoop: Fo shizzle!

Conversely, I was also a little jealous because it did sound a bit cool to have a church named after me, complete with my photo on the side of buses so that everyone would know that I was pastor izzle fo’ shizzle.

2006, Mark Driscoll, Confessions of a Reformission Rev.: Hard Lessons from an Emerging Missional Church, Zondervan, →ISBN, page 49:

(slang, hip-hop) For sure; of course; right on.


bush

(baseball) Amateurish behavior, short for "bush league behavior"


honor

en-noun

honor (countable and uncountable, plural honors)

From Middle English honour, honor, honur, from Anglo-Norman honour, honur, from Old French honor, from Latin honor.
Displaced Middle English menske (“honor, dignity among men”), from Old Norse menskr (“honor”).
The verb is from Middle English honouren, honuren (“to honor”).

оньо́р

card games: one of the most valuable cards

a prophet has no honor in his own country

a prophet is not without honor save in his own country

(in the plural) The privilege of going first.

(golf) The right to play one's ball before one's opponent.

honor

golf: right to play one's ball before one's opponent


dunk

en-verb

dunk (third-person singular simple present dunks, present participle dunking, simple past and past participle dunked)

dunks (present singular third-person)
dunking (participle present)
dunked (participle past)
dunked (past)

From Pennsylvania German dunke, from Middle High German dunken, from Old High German dunkōn (“to dip, submerge, dunk”), from Proto-West Germanic *þunkōn (“to make wet”), possibly from Proto-Germanic *þunkōną, from Proto-Indo-European *teng- (“to moisten, wet”).
Cognate with German tunken (“to dunk”), Latin tingō (“to wet, moisten”), Ancient Greek τέγγω (téngō, “to wet, moisten”). Related to taint, tincture, tint.

cog

The center spun quickly and dunked the ball with authority.

(transitive, intransitive, basketball) To put the ball directly downward through the hoop while grabbing onto the rim with power.


reverse dunk

(basketball) A dunk in which the player's back is to the basket when the ball is dunked.


slam dunk

slam dunks (plural)
slam-dunk (alternative)
slamdunk (alternative)

(basketball) An impressively forceful dunk.


thunderdunk

(basketball) An extremely forceful dunk.


alley oop

alley oops (plural)
alley-oop (alternative)
alleyoop (alternative)
allez-oop (alternative)
allez oop (alternative)
allez-up (alternative)
ally-oop (alternative)

Borrowed from French allez-hop!, the cry of a circus acrobat about to leap. From allez (“go! let's go!”), 2nd-person plural or formal indicative form of aller, and hop, onomatopoeic.

Owens helped beat the Chicago Bears with a catch he made in the end zone;... a week later he gathered in an Alley Oop from Tittle for a victory over Green Bay.

1965, Harold Rosenthal, The Big Play, page 71:

It was a mystery how he managed to ride at all with that set-up, let alone tweak alley-oops on this natural quarter pipe!

2006, Snowboard Journal, number 10, page 29:

Kobe Bryant–to–Shaquille O'Neal alley-oops are among the most iconic and lasting NBA images of the early 2000s. The duo's alley-oop in Game 7 of the 2000 Western Conference finals stands above the rest, without a doubt.

2017, National Basketball Association, "Top Moments: Famous Alley-oop from Kobe to Shaq Caps Lakers' Comeback"

(US sports) A high and arcing pass, catch, or move, especially (basketball) a shot made by a player as part of the same jump used to catch a pass.

ponte aérea

basketball: a play in which one player catches a pass while airborne and scores


alley oop

alley-oop (alternative)
alleyoop (alternative)
allez-oop (alternative)
allez oop (alternative)
allez-up (alternative)
ally-oop (alternative)

I decided to go for the Alley-Oop pass. I knew I had to lay it in the end zone, high, and I just rared back and threw as hard as I could.

1957 November 4, Y.A. Tittle, Reno Evening Gazette, page 14:

The Oroville Tigers have adapted the San Francisco '49er football team's famed... play to their own use on the basketball court.

1959 January 21, “Oroville using ‘Alley Oop’ play”, in The Appeal–Democrat, page 6:

Do you know what an ollie to frontside 50/50 is? A stale-grab Madonna? A smith-grind to revert? An alley-oop lipslide?... They are all gravity- or death-defying tricks.

1989 November 29, The Guardian, Society, page 46:

(US skateboarding and snowboarding) Involving at least a 180-degree turn.


lob jam

From the two aspects of the play: a lob pass and a jam shot by the receiver.

(basketball, rare) Synonym of alley oop.


SF

en-noun

SF (countable and uncountable, plural SFs)

→ Japanese: エスエフ, SF (SF)

(basketball) Initialism of small forward.


SF

Super Formula
w:en:Super Formula Championship

(motor racing) Initialism of Super Formula.


stacked

en-adj

stacked (comparative more stacked, superlative most stacked)

more stacked (comparative)
most stacked (superlative)

The addition of Holiday is especially auspicious because while the team is stacked with great offensive players, it is a little lacking on defense, and he fills that gap.

2021 July 23, Eve Peyser, “U.S. Men's Basketball Had a Rocky Tokyo Olympics Start. I'm Still Excited.”, in New York Magazine:

(sports, video games, of a team) Having many skilled players.


good morning

good mornings (plural)
good morrow (alternative)
goodmorning (alternative)
good-morning (alternative)

/ˌɡʊd ˈmɔːnɪŋ/

/ˌɡʊd ˈmɔɹnɪŋ/

From Middle English gud mornynge (also as goode morne, gode morne), from Old English *gōdne morgen (“good morning”), an ellipsis for an expression such as "I wish you a good morning", equivalent to good + morning. Compare West Frisian goeie moarn, Dutch goedemorgen, German guten Morgen, Danish god morgen, Swedish god morgon, Icelandic góðan morgunn.

inh

(weightlifting) An exercise performed by bending forward at the waist and then returning to a standing posture, while bearing a barbell or resistance band across the shoulders.


international

internationals (plural)
int'l (alternative)

[ˌɪɾ̃ɚˈnæʃ(ə)n(ə)ɫ]

From inter- + national. Introduced in modern English by Jeremy Bentham in his An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation, 1780.

The United team includes five England internationals.

"The young fellah meant no real harm. After all, he's an International, so if he takes half an hour to describe a game of football he has more right to do it than most folk."

1913, Arthur Conan Doyle, “(please specify the page)”, in The Poison Belt […], London; New York, N.Y.: Hodder and Stoughton, →OCLC:

(sports, chiefly British, Ireland, Australia) Someone who has represented their country in a particular sport.

SWR has more than its fair share of major national events. As well as the [Queen's] funeral and the coronation in the past 12 months, annual events include racing at Ascot, grand slam tennis at Wimbledon, and rugby internationals at Twickenham.

2023 July 26, Paul Clifton, “A (safe and secure) Day at the Races...”, in RAIL, number 988, page 35:

(sports, chiefly Britain, Ireland, Australia) A game or contest between two or more nations.


crunch

From earlier craunch, cranch, of imitative origin.

But even I draw the line at “doing crunches” in designer clothes. Fashion sneakers are for swanking around the shops, not for running in. And so, like everyone else, I wear grotty old tracksuits earmarked for Oxfam, and tragic free festival T-shirts that give away my age.

2017 November 16, Jo Ellison, “Help: the gym has turned us into slobs”, in Financial Times:

(exercise) A form of abdominal exercise, based on a sit-up but in which the lower back remains in contact with the floor.

捲腹 /卷腹

form of abdominal exercise based on a sit-up


FT

en-noun

FT (countable and uncountable, plural FTs)


squat

From Middle English squatten, from Old French esquatir, escatir (“compress, press down, lay flat, crush”), from es- (“ex-”) + quatir (“press down, flatten”), from Vulgar Latin *coactire (“press together, force”), from Latin coāctus, perfect passive participle of cōgō (“force together, compress”).
The sense “nothing” may be the source or a derivation of diddly-squat.

uder

(exercise) Any of various modes of callisthenic exercises performed by moving the body and bending at least one knee.

The king of all quad exercises, and arguably the best single-weight resistance exercise, is the squat.

2001, Robert Wolff, Robert Wolff's Book of Great Workouts: Everything You Need to Know to Vary Your Routine and Keep You Motivated, Lincolnwood and Chicago, Ill.: Contemporary Books, →ISBN, pages 58–59:

barbell back squat
barbell back squat#English

(weightlifting) A specific exercise in weightlifting performed by bending deeply at the knees and then rising (back squat), especially with a barbell resting across the shoulders (barbell back squat).


squat

en-verb

squat (third-person singular simple present squats, present participle squatting, simple past and past participle squatted)

squats (present singular third-person)
squatting (participle present)
squatted (participle past)
squatted (past)

(exercise) To perform one or more callisthenic exercises by moving the body and bending at least one knee.

For those who are having, or have had, trouble squatting we suggest learning how to squat by performing the front squat […] The front squat allows you almost no alternative but to perform the exercise correctly.

1994, Kurt Brungardt, Mike Brungardt, Brett Brungardt, The Complete Book of Butt and Legs, New York, N.Y.: Villard Books, →ISBN, page 161:

(weightlifting) To exercise by bending deeply at the knees and then rising, while bearing weight across the shoulders or upper back.


free-throw lane

en-noun

free-throw lane (plural free-throw lanes)

Players must remain outside the free-throw lane until the ball leaves the free-throw shooter's hands.

(basketball) The rectangular or trapezoidal area between the free-throw line and the end line.


charity stripe

(US, basketball, informal) The free-throw line.


half-court line

half-court line (plural half-court lines)

(basketball) The line parallel to the end lines and midway between them.


half-court violation

half-court violation (plural half-court violations)

(basketball) A turnover occurring when the team with possession, having brought the ball over the half-court line causes it to cross back over the line without interference from the other team.


shotgun offense

shotgun offense (plural shotgun offenses)

(American football) An offense in which the quarterback sets up at a distance behind the center and the ball is snapped through the air.


offensive

en-adj

offensive (comparative more offensive, superlative most offensive)

more offensive (comparative)
most offensive (superlative)
offencive (alternative)

From Middle French offensif, from offendre + -if by analogy with défensif. Offendre is from Latin offendere (“to offend”); see offend.

The offensive coordinator is responsible for ordering all rushing plays.

(sports) Having to do with play directed at scoring.

нападателен

team sports: having to do with play directed at scoring


man-to-man defense

en-noun

man-to-man defense (plural man-to-man defenses)

They'll have trouble playing a man-to-man against such a fast guard and tall center.

(basketball) A defense in which each player guards a particular opposing player.


zone defense

zone defense (countable and uncountable, plural zone defenses)

Outside shooting is essential to beating a zone defense.

(basketball, soccer) A defense in which each player covers an area of the court.


fast break

Their pressure defense gives them a lot of fast breaks off of steals.

(basketball) An offensive play in which a team, having won possession of the ball, moves the ball downcourt as quickly as possible, attempting to get an easy shot before the defense can set up.


airball

* From air + ball.
* The first recorded use of the "airball" chant was on February 24, 1979, during a college basketball game between the Duke University Blue Devils and the North Carolina Tar Heels after the Tar Heels' Rich Yonakor took a shot which missed the rim.

As soon as the shot left his hands, the spectators could see it was going to be an airball.

Johnson also could have tied the game, at 66-66 with 14 seconds left. But his jump shot was an airball. From that scramble Lopez emerged with the first of his key foul shots.

1990 April 3, David Levine, “COLLEGE BASKETBALL; Fordham Defeats Iona to Advance”, in The New York Times:

Bryant’s path to becoming a champion, after all, began with a series of infamous misses: his playoff airballs as a rookie against Utah. Clarkson sees those airballs as a metaphor for Bryant’s clunky start against the Jazz two decades later.

2021 April 13, Bill Oram, “Remembering Kobe Bryant’s final game: Five years later, five untold stories about the Lakers legend’s 60-point night”, in The New York Times:

(basketball) A shot that misses the backboard, rim and net entirely.


airball

en-verb

airball (third-person singular simple present airballs, present participle airballing, simple past and past participle airballed)

airballs (present singular third-person)
airballing (participle present)
airballed (participle past)
airballed (past)

Tatum struggled with fatigue through the final two rounds of the postseason and was exhausted to the point he was airballing shots by the time the Warriors were closing out the championship.

2022 August 8, Jared Weiss, “Jayson Tatum opens up on lessons from Celtics’ finals loss, Kevin Durant trade”, in The New York Times:

The Timberwolves lost 128-125 when KAT airballed a falling 30-footer at the buzzer.

2024 January 23, Zach Harper and Shams Charania, “Joel Embiid’s 70-point NBA welcome to Victor Wembanyama. Plus, Shams on Heat-Hornets trade”, in The New York Times:

(basketball, transitive) To throw an airball.


lane violation

(basketball) The act of entering the free-throw lane before the free-throw shot has left the shooter's hands.


points in the paint

(basketball, colloquial) Points scored from within the free-throw lane.


GC

en-noun

GC (countable and uncountable, plural GCs)

general classification
general classification#English

(cycling) Initialism of general classification.


DFA

(baseball) Initialism of designated for assignment.


banger

→ Estonian: bänger

→ Finnish: bängeri

From bang + -er. The sausages were so called because of their excess water content and impervious skin, leading to the risk of explosion if not punctured before cooking.

A thing or person which bangs, in any sense.

(curling) One of the rocks that end up crashing against another, making banging sounds, after a throw.

(curling) One of the rocks that results in a score at the finish of an end.


pivot

From Middle English pevet, *pivot, from Old French pivot (“hinge pin, pivot”) (12th c.), possibly from Latin pūgiō.


ones

(sports) A senior or first team (as opposed to a reserves team).


fungo

Uncertain; perhaps from Scots fung (“to fling, throw”).

The fielding coach played fungo with the outfielders to warm them up.

Alex Rodriguez and Derek Jeter aren’t going to China to […] hit fungoes to wide-eyed Chinese kids.

2007 January 25, Murray Chass, “Yanks Hope to Get a Jump in China”, in New York Times:

(baseball) A fielding practice drill where a person hits fly balls intended to be caught.

He is so strong he could hit it out of the park with a fungo.


fungo

en-verb

fungo (third-person singular simple present fungos, present participle fungoing, simple past and past participle fungoed)

fungos (present singular third-person)
fungoing (participle present)
fungoed (participle past)
fungoed (past)

(baseball) To take part in a fielding practice drill where a person hits fly balls intended to be caught.


saddlebag

saddlebags (plural)
saddle bag (alternative)
saddle-bag (alternative)

/ˈsædəlˌbæɡ/

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-saddlebag.wav

(cycling, nonstandard, by extension) pannier

(cycling) A seat pack or a seat bag (a pouch or a small bag attached to the seat or seat post of a bicycle)


shift

en-noun

shift (countable and uncountable, plural shifts)

From Middle English schiften, from Old English sċiftan (“to divide, separate into shares; appoint, ordain; arrange, organise”), from Proto-Germanic *skiftijaną, *skiptijaną, from earlier *skipatjaną (“to organise, put in order”), from Proto-Indo-European *skeyb- (“to separate, divide, part”), from Proto-Indo-European *skey- (“to cut, divide, separate, part”). Cognate with Scots schift, skift (“to shift”), West Frisian skifte, skiftsje (“to sort”), Dutch schiften (“to sort, screen, winnow, part”), German schichten (“to stack, layer”), Swedish skifta (“to shift, change, exchange, vary”), Norwegian skifte (“to shift”), Icelandic skipta (“to switch”). See ship.

cog

Teams often use a shift against this lefty.


Bayern

Clipping of Bayern Munich from German Bayern (“Bavaria”) (clipping of Bayern München).

(soccer) Bayern Munich (a German football club based in Munich)

F.C. Bayern Munich
de:F.C. Bayern München


skier

However, when Guha returned, she picked the wrong ball to pull and hit a skier to Charlotte Edwards.

2002, Jeff Green, "New Zealand win tri-series in convincing style", Cricinfo

The second thing I did my best to get out of was the unpleasant position Monty found himself in rather too often in Sri Lanka: standing under a skier in the deep.

2012, Harry Pearson, "There's always a catch – unless it's me or Monty underneath the ball", The Guardian

(cricket) A ball hit high in the air, often leading to a catch.


negative

From Middle English negative, negatif, from Old French negatif, from Latin negātīvus (“that denies, negative”), from negāre (“to deny”); see negate.

der

(weightlifting) A repetition performed with a weight in which the muscle begins at maximum contraction and is slowly extended; a movement performed using only the eccentric phase of muscle movement.


challenge

→ French: challenge (orthographic)

→ Japanese: チャレンジ (charenji)

→ Russian: че́ллендж (čéllendž)

/ˈt͡ʃæl.ɪnd͡ʒ/

/ˈt͡ʃæl.ənd͡ʒ/

From Middle English chalenge, variant with palatalization of Middle English kalange (“an accusation, claim”), from Old French chalenge, chalonge, palatalized Central French variants of Old Northern French calenge, calonge (see Continental Norman calengier), from Latin calumnia (“a false accusation, calumny”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱeh₁l-, *keh₁l- (“to beguile, deceive”). Cognate with Old English hōl (“calumny”). Doublet of calumny.

der

Argentine midfielder Jonas Gutierrez added a superb second when he surged past four challenges to fire in low.

2011 October 1, Saj Chowdhury, “Wolverhampton 1-2 Newcastle”, in BBC Sport:

(sports) An attempt to take possession; a tackle.


swivel

en-noun

swivel (countable and uncountable, plural swivels)

From Middle English swyvel, swivel, from a derivative of Old English swīfan (“to revolve”), + -el, an instrumental suffix, equivalent to swive + -el.


vert ramp

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-vert ramp.wav

(skateboarding) A ramp that transitions from a horizontal surface to a vertical one.


biker

→ French: biker (noun), bikeur

→ German: Biker

→ Italian: biker

→ Spanish: biker


PPG

PPG (countable and uncountable, plural PPGs)

(ice hockey) Initialism of power play goal, as used in hockey box scoring.


albatross

albatross (plural albatross or albatrosses)

Uncertain. Probably from Spanish or Portuguese alcatraz (“pelican, gannet, albatross”), probably derived from Arabic الْغَطَّاس (al-ḡaṭṭās, “the diver”) (compare Alcatraz); or from Portuguese alcatruz (“water wheel bucket”), from Arabic الْقَادُوس (al-qādūs), from Ancient Greek κάδος (kádos, “pail, jar”), in reference to the pouch of a pelican. In either case, altered under the influence of Latin albus (“white”). Not derived from modern Arabic قَطْرَس (qaṭras, “albatross”), which is perhaps borrowed from Spanish.
For sense development of "burden", see albatross around one’s neck.

der

(golf) A double eagle, or three under par on any one hole, except a par 3 hole.


hike

From English dialectal hyke (“to walk vigorously”), probably a Northern form of hitch, from Middle English hytchen, hichen, icchen (“to move, jerk, stir”). Cognate with Scots hyke (“to move with a jerk”), dialectal German hicken (“to hobble, walk with a limp”), Danish hinke (“to hop”). More at hick.

cog

(American football) The snap of the ball to start a play.


hike

en-verb

hike (third-person singular simple present hikes, present participle hiking, simple past and past participle hiked)

hikes (present singular third-person)
hiking (participle present)
hiked (participle past)
hiked (past)

(American football) To snap the ball to start a play.


jungle

en-noun

jungle (countable and uncountable, plural jungles)

→ Catalan: jungla

→ Czech: džungle

→ Danish: jungle

→ Dutch: jungle

→ French: jungle
→ Romanian: junglă

desctree

→ German: Dschungel, Tschungel
→ Hungarian: dzsungel

→ Esperanto: ĝangalo

→ Italian: giungla

→ Japanese: ジャングル (janguru)

→ Korean: 정글 (jeonggeul)

→ Polish: dżungla

→ Russian: джу́нгли (džúngli)
→ Armenian: ջունգլի (ǰungli)
→ Georgian: ჯუნგლი (ǯungli)

→ Serbo-Croatian: džungla

→ Slovak: džungľa

→ Slovene: džungla

→ Spanish: jungla

→ Swedish: djungel

→ Ukrainian: джу́нглі (džúnhli)

→ Welsh: jyngl

/ˈd͡ʒʌŋ.ɡ(ə)l/

Borrowed from Hindustani جَن٘گَل (jaṅgal) / जंगल (jaṅgal), from Sanskrit जङ्गल (jaṅgala, “arid, sterile, desert”). First appears c. 1776 in a translation by Nathaniel Halhed.

der

you can take the monkey out of the jungle, but you can't take the jungle out of the monkey

Hitting from the Jungle. The rough at some courses is just weeds and sparse grass, as often as not giving a player a decent lie to shoot from. But grass above four inches is nasty. It will grab your club and alter your shots.

2006, Rob Blumer, Rex Chaney, Essential golf instruction, page 167:


conference

From Middle French conférence, from Medieval Latin cōnferentia, from Latin cōnferēns.

University of Hong Kong Faculty of Law
conference

(sports) A group of sports teams that play each other on a regular basis.

(Philippines, sports) A constituent tournament of a sports league in a given season.


grinder

From Middle English grinder, grindere, from Old English grindere (“one or that which grinds; grinder”), equivalent to grind + -er.

inh

(ice hockey, slang) A hard-working, physical player with limited offensive ability.


sit up

en-verb

sit up (third-person singular simple present sits up, present participle sitting up, simple past and past participle sat up)

sits up (present singular third-person)
sitting up (participle present)
sat up (participle past)
sat up (past)

From Middle English upsitten (“to sit up”).

And within five minutes of the change United were level. Gabriel Obertan tuned his marker inside out and delivered a cross from the right that hit Hernandez and sat up perfectly for Owen to nod home.

2011 January 29, Ian Hughes, “Southampton 1 - 2 Man Utd”, in BBC:

(chiefly sports, of the ball) To bounce, especially to a comfortable height.


stand-up

en-adj

stand-up (comparative more stand-up, superlative most stand-up)

more stand-up (comparative)
most stand-up (superlative)

stand-up double; stand-up triple

(baseball, of a hit) That allows the batter to advance to a given base (usually second or third) without having to slide.


BCS

Bowl Championship Series
w:Bowl Championship Series

(American football, historical) Initialism of Bowl Championship Series. Replaced after the 2013 season by the College Football Playoff.


fore

(golf) An exclamation yelled to inform players a ball is moving in their direction.

fore

in golf: yelled to inform players a ball is moving in their direction


hood

From Middle English hood, hod, from Old English hōd, from Proto-Germanic *hōdaz (cognate with Saterland Frisian Houd, West Frisian/Dutch hoed, German Low German Hood, German Hut). Cognate with Proto-Iranian *xawdaH (“hat”) (compare Avestan 𐬑𐬂𐬛𐬀 (xåda), Old Persian 𐎧𐎢𐎭 (x-u-d /xaudā/)), from Proto-Indo-European *kadʰ- (“to cover”). More at hat.

kapuç

covering for the head attached to a larger garment such as a jacket or cloak

A covering for the head, usually attached to a larger garment such as a jacket or cloak.

(equestrianism) A head and neck covering placed on horses to protect against insects and sunlight, to slow coat growth and for warmth.


debole

From Italian debole, meaning "weak", equivalent to the French foible.

There are two parts to the sword: the forte and the debole. The forte begins from the hilt, extending as far as the middle of the blade; and the remainder is called the debole. The forte is for parrying, and the debole for striking. This is really important because: if you always keep your forte in the way of the opponent's debole, you will never be hit.

(fencing) The flexible part of the blade near the tip of light swords such as rapiers.


speculator

From Latin speculātor (“spy, explorer, investigator”), from speculor (“to watch, to observe”) + -tor (“-er: forming agent nouns”), from specula (“watchtower”), from speciō (“to watch, to observe”), q.v. In some senses, an agent noun formed within English from speculate. Doublet of spectator.


chinaman

From Chinaman, a dated, now offensive term for a Chinese person. Compare Chinese (“unfamiliar, unexpected”). Named in reference to Ellis Achong, a West Indian player of Chinese descent.

Several cricketers came up to them and asked Pradeep about his effortless action mimicry and his promising chinaman bowling.

2011, Shehan Karunatilaka, Chinaman: The Legend of Pradeep Mathew, Jonathan Cape, page 103:

(cricket, dated) A left-arm unorthodox bowling action (left-arm wrist-spin).

(cricket) A spin bowler who uses such an action.

(cricket) A ball delivered with such an action.


rock and roll

/ˈɹɒk ən(d)ˈɹəʊl/

From rock (move back and forth) + and + roll; originally a verb phrase common among African Americans, meaning "to have sexual intercourse"; it was a euphemism that appeared in song titles since at least 1914 (Trixie Smith's "My Man Rocks Me With One Steady Roll").
As a name for a specific style of popular music from the early 1950s, popularized by disc jockey Alan Freed in reference to the euphemistic use in song titles.

rock-and-roll (alternative)
rock'n'roll (alternative)
rock 'n' roll (alternative)
rock n roll (alternative)
rock 'n roll (alternative)
rock-n-roll (alternative)
rock-'n'-roll (alternative)
rock & roll (alternative)

(dance) A style of vigorous dancing associated with this genre of music.


mount

From Middle English mounten, from Anglo-Norman munter, from Vulgar Latin *montāre (“climb”), from Latin montem (“mountain”). Compare modern French monter.

(martial arts) A dominant ground grappling position, where one combatant sits on the other combatants torso with the face pointing towards the opponent's head.

(gymnastics) The act of getting onto the apparatus.


mount

en-verb

mount (third-person singular simple present mounts, present participle mounting, simple past and past participle mounted)

mounts (present singular third-person)
mounting (participle present)
mounted (participle past)
mounted (past)

(transitive, martial arts) To sit on a combatant's torso with the face pointing towards the opponent's head; to assume the mount position in ground grappling.


winner

Inherited from Middle English wynner, wynnere, equivalent to win + -er. Compare Saterland Frisian Winner (“winner”), West Frisian winner (“winner”), Dutch winner and winnaar (“winner”), German Low German Winner, Gewinner (“winner”), German Gewinner (“winner”), Danish vinder (“winner”), Swedish vinnare (“winner”), Norwegian vinner (“winner”).

It was a fitting scoreline on the club's landmark anniversary, and appropriate that Van Persie should get the winner.

2011 December 10, David Ornstein, “Arsenal 1-0 Everton”, in BBC Sport:

(sports) A point or goal that wins a competition.


progression

en-noun

progression (countable and uncountable, plural progressions)

/pɹəˈɡɹɛʃən/

(exercise) The process of making an exercise more strenuous by manipulating the details of its performance like loaded weight, range of motion, angle, speed.


sink

en-verb

sink (third-person singular simple present sinks, present participle sinking, simple past sank or sunk, past participle sunk or sunken)

sinks (present singular third-person)
sinking (participle present)
sank (past)
sunk (past)
sunk (participle past)
sunken (participle past)

From Middle English synken, from Old English sincan, from Proto-West Germanic *sinkwan, from Proto-Germanic *sinkwaną, from Proto-Indo-European *sengʷ- (“to fall, sink”).
Compare West Frisian sinke, Low German sinken, Dutch zinken, German sinken, Danish and Norwegian Bokmål synke, Swedish sjunka. In the causative sense, it replaced Old English senċan (“make sink”) from Proto-Germanic *sankwijaną.

der

My sister beats me at pool in public a second time. I claim some dignity back by potting two of my balls before Tammy sinks the black.

2008, Edward Keating, The Joy of Ex: A Novel:

(heading, physical) To move or be moved into something.

(transitive, snooker, pool, billiards, golf) To pot; hit a ball into a pocket or hole.


sink

a bathroom sink sink (canonical)
sinks (plural)

Jones has a two-seamer with heavy sink.

(uncountable) Descending motion; descent.

(baseball) The motion of a sinker pitch.

Descending motion; descent.
The motion of a sinker pitch.


policeman

→ French: policeman

→ Maori: pirihimana

→ Welsh: plismon

A team may have a policeman or enforcer.

2002, P. J. Harari, Dave Ominsky, Ice Hockey Made Simple: A Spectator's Guide, page 26:


nibble

en-verb

nibble (third-person singular simple present nibbles, present participle nibbling, simple past and past participle nibbled)

nibbles (present singular third-person)
nibbling (participle present)
nibbled (participle past)
nibbled (past)
nibble (infinitive)

The verb is derived from Late Middle English nebillen, nebyll (“to peck away at (something), nibble; (figurative) to attempt to sing (a part of a song)”); further etymology uncertain, possibly from Middle Low German nibbelen (“to eat in small bites, peck”) (modern German Low German nibbeln, gnibbeln, knibbeln), possibly a variant of knabbelen, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gnet- (“to press”) or imitative.
The noun is derived from the verb.
Cognates
* Middle Dutch cnibbelen (modern Dutch knibbelen (“to gnaw; to murmur”), nibbelen (“to nibble”))
* Saterland Frisian nibje (“to nibble”)
* West Frisian knibbelje

der

(cricket, informal) Followed by at: of a batter: to make an indecisive attempt to bat a ball bowled outside the off stump.


bunch

From Middle English bunche, bonche (“hump, swelling”), of uncertain origin.
Perhaps a variant of *bunge (compare dialectal bung (“heap, grape bunch”)), from Proto-Germanic *bunkō, *bunkô, *bungǭ (“heap, crowd”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰenǵʰ-, *bʰénǵʰus (“thick, dense, fat”). Cognates include Saterland Frisian Bunke (“bone”), West Frisian bonke (“bone, lump, bump”), Dutch bonk (“lump, bone”), Low German Bunk (“bone”), German Bunge (“tuber”), Danish bunke (“heap, pile”), Faroese bunki (“heap, pile”); Hittite [Term?] (/panku/, “total, entire”), Tocharian B pkante (“volume, fatness”), Lithuanian búožė (“knob”), Ancient Greek παχύς (pakhús, “thick”), Sanskrit बहु (bahú, “thick; much”)).
Alternatively, perhaps from a variant or diminutive of bump (compare hump/hunch, lump/lunch, etc.); or from dialectal Old French bonge (“bundle”) (compare French bongeau, bonjeau, bonjot), from West Flemish bondje, diminutive of West Flemish bond (“bundle”).

cog

(cycling) The peloton; the main group of riders formed during a race.


rookie

en-verb

rookie (third-person singular simple present rookies, present participle rookying, simple past and past participle rookied)

rookies (present singular third-person)
rookying (participle present)
rookied (participle past)
rookied (past)

Thought to be an alteration of recruit + -ie, or from rook (“a cheat”) + -ie. Another possible origin is Dutch broekie (short for broekvent (“a boy still in short trousers”)), a common term for a shipmate. Also suggested is Irish rúca (“an inexperienced person”).

Great was my surprise when I found that I had been "rookied" in for a policing-up detail with no chance to "allez."

1919, Harold C. Bloxham, “Training at La Courtine”, in The History of Battery E, 66th Artillery C. A. C., page 86:

There is none of that 'rookying stuff' but they don't pay any attention to you either, and that is worse.

1947, National Association of Secondary School Principals, Bulletin, page 40:

I was rookied in women's (ice) hockey mid-winter. I was made to strip nude and walk into McDonald's and order a big Mac.

2002, Celia Brackenridge, Kari Fasting, Sexual Harassment and Abuse in Sport:

Last year when I was 'rookied' they had this whole agenda where you had to do a ' shot ' [ of alcohol ] and run around and do this little circuit [ race ] —the idea was to get everyone to puke that night or just get totally hammered ... the majority of the people [rookies] were knocked out [physically unable to continue] by ten o'clock.

2007, Kevin Young, Philip White, Sport and Gender in Canada, page 313:

As long as a player is a rookie, they are susceptible to being "rookied,” although initiations typically occur at the beginning of the season, or just before.

2013, Curtis Fogel, Game-Day Gangsters: Crime and Deviance in Canadian Football, page 59:

(transitive, chiefly sports) To haze one or more rookies as an initiation ritual.


goner

From gone + -er. First attestations around 1850.

(baseball slang) A ball hit out of the playing area for a home run.


dynasty

From Middle French dynastie, from Late Latin dynastia, from Ancient Greek δυναστεία (dunasteía, “power, dominion”).

der

(sports) A team or organization which has an extended period of success or dominant performance.


audible

en-verb

audible (third-person singular simple present audibles, present participle audibling, simple past and past participle audibled)

audibles (present singular third-person)
audibling (participle present)
audibled (participle past)
audibled (past)

Borrowed from Middle French audible, from Late Latin audibilis, from Latin audire (“to hear”).

The quarterback audibled after seeing the defensive formation.

(intransitive, American football) To change the play at the line of scrimmage by yelling out a new one.


audible

The audible changed the play to a run.

(American football) The act of or an instance of changing the play at the line of scrimmage by yelling out a new one.


remove

remove (third-person singular simple present removes, present participle removing, simple past and past participle removed)

removes (present singular third-person)
removing (participle present)
removed (participle past)
removed (past)

settle

antonym(s) of “move something from one place to another”

From Middle English removen, from Anglo-Norman remover, removeir, from Old French remouvoir, from Latin removēre, from re- + movēre (“to move”), equivalent to re- + move. Displaced native Old English āfierran.

យកចេញ

yɔɔ kɑɑ cəɲ, yɔɔk cəɲ

(cricket, transitive) To dismiss a batsman.


repel

repel (third-person singular simple present repels, present participle repelling, simple past and past participle repelled)

repels (present singular third-person)
repelling (participle present)
repelled (participle past)
repelled (past)
repel (infinitive)

From Middle English repellen, a borrowing from Old French *repeller, from Latin repellere (“to drive back”), from re- (“back”) + pellere (“to drive”). Doublet of repeal.

Arsenal pressed forward again after half-time but other than a venomous Walcott shot that Howard repelled with a fine one-handed save, the hosts offered little cutting edge.