raise

From Middle English reysen, raisen, reisen, from Old Norse reisa (“to raise”), from Proto-Germanic *raisijaną, *raizijaną (“to raise”), causative form of Proto-Germanic *rīsaną (“to rise”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rey- (“to rise, arise”). According to Kroonen (2013), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃er- (“to stir, rise”).
Cognate with Old English rāsian (“to explore, examine, research”), Old English rīsan (“to seize, carry off”), Old English rǣran (“to raise”). Doublet of rear.

cog

(curling) A shot in which the delivered stone bumps another stone forward.

(weightlifting) A shoulder exercise in which the arms are elevated against resistance.


consolation

en-noun

consolation (countable and uncountable, plural consolations)

From Old French consolacion (French consolatio), from Latin cōnsōlātiō, from the deponent verb cōnsōlor (“I console, encourage”) with the -tiō suffix, while cōnsōlor comprises the intensifying prefix con- with the deponent verb sōlor (“I comfort, console”). Doublet of consolatio.


chamber

en-verb

chamber (third-person singular simple present chambers, present participle chambering, simple past and past participle chambered)

chambers (present singular third-person)
chambering (participle present)
chambered (participle past)
chambered (past)
chambre (alternative)

From Middle English chambre, borrowed from Old French chambre, from Latin camera, from Ancient Greek καμάρα (kamára, “vaulted chamber”). Doublet of camera.

der

Bob chambered his fist for a blow, but Sheila struck first.

(martial arts, transitive) To prepare an offensive, defensive, or counteroffensive action by drawing a limb or weapon to a position where it may be charged with kinetic energy.


nunchaku

en-noun

nunchaku (countable and uncountable, plural nunchakus)

Borrowed from Okinawan 双節棍 (nunchaku) (compare Japanese 双節棍 (nunchaku)), probably from Hokkien 兩節棍 /两节棍 (nn̄g-chat-kùn, literally “two-segment cudgel”), from 兩 /两 (nn̄g, “two”) + 節 /节 (chat, “joint; link; segment”) + 棍 (kùn, “cudgel; stick”).

der

(countable) A weapon originating from Okinawa, Japan, consisting of two sticks joined by a chain or cord.

tsako

weapon consisting of two sticks joined by a chain or cord

(uncountable) The skill of using this weapon in martial arts.


skull

en-verb

skull (third-person singular simple present skulls, present participle skulling, simple past and past participle skulled)

skulls (present singular third-person)
skulling (participle present)
skulled (participle past)
skulled (past)
scull (alternative)

From Middle English sculle, scolle (also schulle, scholle), probably from a dialectal form of Old Norse skalli (“bald head, skull”), itself probably related to Old English sċealu (“husk”). Compare Scots scull, Danish skal (“skull”) and skalle (“bald head, skull”), Norwegian skalle, Swedish skalle and especially dialectal Swedish skulle.
Alternatively, perhaps from Old Norse skoltr, skolptr (“muzzle, snout”), akin to Icelandic skoltur (“jaw”), dialectal Swedish skult, skulle (“dome, crown of the head, skull”), Middle Dutch scolle, scholle, Middle Low German scholle, schulle (“clod, sod”), and Scots skult, skolt. Compare also Old High German sciula, skiula (“skull”).

Monte swung so hard at the next ball that he skulled it straight right, into the pond: 8 in, 9 out.

2002, Robert C. Knox, Golf Balls Are Female, page 148:

(transitive, golf) To strike the top of (the ball).


cage

→ Zulu: ikheji

From Middle English cage, from Old French cage, from Latin cavea. Doublet of cadge and cavea and related to jail.

(athletics) The area from which competitors throw a discus or hammer.


scatter

scatter (third-person singular simple present scatters, present participle scattering, simple past and past participle scattered)

scatters (present singular third-person)
scattering (participle present)
scattered (participle past)
scattered (past)

From Middle English scateren, skateren, (also schateren, see shatter), from Old English *sceaterian, probably from a dialect of Old Norse. Possibly related to Proto-Indo-European *skey- (“to cut, split, shatter”). Compare Middle Dutch scheteren (“to scatter”), Low German schateren, Dutch schateren (“to burst out laughing”); and is apparently remotely akin to Ancient Greek σκεδάννυμι (skedánnumi, “scatter, disperse”). and Tocharian B kät- (“to scatter, sow seeds”). Doublet of shatter.

cog

(transitive, baseball) Of a pitcher: to keep down the number of hits or walks.


boilerplate

en-noun

boilerplate (countable and uncountable, plural boilerplates)

The Star (1788)
boilerplate
boilerplate (spaceflight)

From boiler + plate. First use appears c. 1793 in the periodical Star.

(skiing) Hard, icy snow which may be dangerous for skiing.


bowl

Bislama: bol

→ Esperanto: bovlo

desctree

→ French: bol
→ Catalan: bol
→ Greek: μπολ (bol)

→ German: Bowle, → Bowl

→ Hungarian: bólé

→ Ido: bolo

→ Irish: bolla

→ Japanese: ボール (bōru)

→ Latvian: bole (probably via German)

→ Korean: 볼 (bol)

→ Scottish Gaelic: bòl

→ Swedish: bål

From Middle English bolle, from Old English bolla, bolle (“bowl, cup, pot, beaker, measure”), from Proto-West Germanic *bollā, from Proto-Germanic *bullǭ (“ball, round vessel, bowl”).
Cognate with North Frisian bol (“bun, bread roll”), Middle Low German bolle, bole (“round object”), Dutch bol (“ball, sphere, scoop, dot”), German Bolle (“bulb”), Danish bolle (“bowl, bread roll”), Icelandic bolli (“cup”). Doublet of boule and pulla.

inh

(sports, theater) An elliptical-shaped stadium or amphitheater resembling a bowl.

areena

(American football) A postseason football competition, a bowl game (i.e. Rose Bowl, Super Bowl)


bowl

From Middle English bowle, boule, from Old French boule (“ball”), from Latin bulla (“bubble, stud, round object”). Doublet of poll.


dime

From Middle English dime, from Anglo-Norman disme (“one tenth, tithe”) (modern French dîme), from Medieval Latin decima, from Latin decima (pars) (“tenth (part)”). Doublet of decim, decima, and decime.

(US, Philippines, basketball) An assist.

(American football) A defensive formation with six defensive backs, one of whom is a dimeback.


web

From Middle English webbe, from Old English webb, from Proto-Germanic *wabją, from Proto-Indo-European *webʰ- (“weave”).

what a tangled web we weave when first we practice to deceive

He caught the ball in the web.

(baseball) The part of a baseball mitt between the forefinger and thumb, the webbing.

web

the part of a baseball mitt between the forefinger and thumb, the webbing


pebble

en-noun

pebble (countable and uncountable, plural pebbles)

From Middle English pibel (also in pibleston), from Old English papolstān (“pebble-stone”), from Old English *papol, *pyppel, *pæbbel of unknown origin + Old English stān. Compare Albanian popël.

unk

unknown

(curling) A small droplet of water intentionally sprayed on the ice that cause irregularities on the surface.


pebble

en-verb

pebble (third-person singular simple present pebbles, present participle pebbling, simple past and past participle pebbled)

pebbles (present singular third-person)
pebbling (participle present)
pebbled (participle past)
pebbled (past)

unk

unknown

to pebble the ice between games

(transitive, curling) To deposit water droplets on the ice.


dismount

From dis- + mount, probably a calque of Old French desmonter.

It was a stylish routine, let down by a sloppy dismount.

(gymnastics) The part of a routine in which the gymnast detaches from an apparatus.


ergo

(rowing, slang) Clipping of ergometer (rowing machine).


royal

en-adj

royal (comparative royaler or royaller, superlative royalest or royallest)

royaler (comparative)
royaller (comparative)
royalest (superlative)
royallest (superlative)
r. (alternative)
roial (alternative)
roiall (alternative)
royall (alternative)
royaler (alternative)

From Middle English royal, from Old French roial (Modern French royal), from Latin rēgālis, from rēx (“king”). Doublet of regal (“befitting a king”), real (“unit of currency”), ariary, and riyal. Cognate with Spanish real. Displaced native Old English cynelīċ.

mbretëror

of or relating to a monarch or his family

(boxing, military) Free-for-all, especially involving multiple combatants.


dab

en-verb

dab (third-person singular simple present dabs, present participle dabbing, simple past and past participle dabbed)

dabs (present singular third-person)
dabbing (participle present)
dabbed (participle past)
dabbed (past)

From Middle English dabben (“to strike”), probably of North Germanic origin, related to Old Icelandic dabba (“to tap, slap”), perhaps ultimately imitative. Compare also with Middle Dutch dabben (“to pinch, knead, fumble, dabble”) (Dutch dabben (“(of a horse) to stamp with the forelegs”)), Dutch deppen (“to dab”), possibly German tappen (“to fumble, grope”).
The noun is from Middle English dabbe (“a strike, blow”), from the verb. Related to tap. Compare also drub, dub.
African-American sense of “playful box” perhaps influenced by dap (“fistbump”).

onomatopoeic

imitative

cog

Look, my brothas don't dab, we just vossi bop

(dance, intransitive) To perform the dab dance move, by moving both arms to one side of the body parallel with your head.


dab

Irish: daba

onomatopoeic

imitative

(dance) A hip hop dance move in which the dancer simultaneously drops the head while raising an arm, briefly resting their face in the elbow, as if sneezing into their elbow.


cross country

en-noun

cross country (countable and uncountable, plural cross countries or cross countrys)

cross countries (plural)
cross countrys (plural)
cross-country (alternative)
crosscountry (alternative)

(sports) A running sport popular in US high schools, colleges, etc., where participants race over varying terrain (e.g. golf courses, roads, etc.) in approximately 5- to 10-kilometre races. Abbreviated XC.


touring car

(motor racing) A type of race car based on a modified production car, that is a sedan or saloon car.


tour

From Old French tour, tourn, from the verb torner, tourner.

tor (pour–poor merger, horse–hoarse merger)

taw (pour–poor merger, horse–hoarse merger, non-rhotic)

(sports, chiefly cricket and rugby) A trip taken to another country in which several matches are played.

(sports, cycling) A street and road race, frequently multiday.

обиколка

cycling: multistage street and road race

(sports) A set of competitions which make up a championship.

(snooker) A circuit of snooker tournaments


jab

Originally a Scottish (unclear if Scots or Scottish English) form of English job (“peck, poke, thrust”), from Middle English jobben.

American Ward was too quick and too slick for his British rival, landing at will with razor sharp jabs and hooks and even bullying Froch at times.

2011 December 18, Ben Dirs, “Carl Froch outclassed by dazzling Andre Ward”, in BBC Sport:


keeper

From Middle English kepere, equivalent to keep + -er.

England should have capitalised on their growing momentum to win, but Darren Bent failed to reproduce the finishing touches that have brought him goals in three successive appearances. He was blocked by Diego Benaglio when he was played in by Wilshere then blazed over the top of an open goal late on after Young's shot was saved by Switzerland's keeper.

2011 June 4, Phil McNulty, “England 2 - 2 Switzerland”, in BBC:

(sports) The player charged with guarding a goal or wicket. Short form of goalkeeper, wicketkeeper. In quidditch (both Muggle quidditch and the game in the original Harry Potter series), this is someone responsible for guarding the three goalposts.

(American football) An offensive play in which the quarterback runs toward the goal with the ball after it is snapped.


chaser

Inherited from Middle English chaser, chacer, chasour, borrowed from Old French chaceür, chaceor, from chacier (“to chase, hunt”); later senses from or influenced by chase (“pursue”) + -er. Doublet of chasseur.

преследва́ч

person or thing (ship, plane, car, etc.) who chases

"[I]t looked like The Fellow was the best steeplechaser in many years. He'd earned the best speed rating I'd ever given a chaser."

2002, Nick Mordin, Betting for a Living, page 351:

"Wild Risk...had his greatest successes as a steeplechaser rather than a flat racer... It is rare indeed that a 'chaser - even one as good as wild risk - makes a good flat sire."

2003, Avalyn Hunter, American Classic Pedigrees 1914-2002, page 458:

Oh, that final furlong! It can be both agony and ecstasy. Anyone who doubts that should have seen the television close-up of Jim Lewis as his great chaser Best Mate came up the final hill at Cheltenham in 2004 to clich a hat-trick of Gold Cups. ... Best mate is the best steeplechaser we have seen for years and all being well will be at the Cheltenham Festival again in 2005 to try and make it four Gold Cups.

2004, Sports Ticket: Live the Action! by Sportsfile, page 179

(equestrianism) A horse trained for steeplechasing; a steeplechaser.

(equestrianism, obsolete) A hunter (a horse bred and trained for use in hunting).


gate

From Middle English gate, gat, ȝate, ȝeat, from Old English ġeat (“gate”), from Proto-West Germanic *gat, from Proto-Germanic *gatą (“hole, opening”).
See also Old Norse gat, Swedish and Dutch gat, Low German Gaat, Gööt.

Singh was bowled through the gate, a very disappointing way for a world-class batsman to get out.

(cricket) The gap between a batsman's bat and pad.


fine

en-adj

fine (comparative finer, superlative finest)

finer (comparative)
finest (superlative)

From Middle English fin, fyn, from Old French fin (“fine, minute, exact”), of obscure origin, but probably derived from Latin fīnīre (“to finish”) and/or fīnis (“boundary, limit, end”), with an abstract sense of "fine" or "thin" also arising in many Romance languages (compare Spanish, Portuguese, and Italian fino). Doublet of fino.

[…]to nudge it through the covers (or tickle it down to fine leg) for a four[…]

(cricket) Behind the batsman and at a small angle to the line between the wickets.


fine

en-adv

fine (comparative more fine, superlative most fine)

more fine (comparative)
most fine (superlative)

(pool, billiards) In a manner so that the driven ball strikes the object ball so far to one side as to be barely deflected, the object ball being driven to one side.


bacon

en-noun

bacon (usually uncountable, plural bacons)

→ Bulgarian: бекон (bekon)

→ Chinese: 培根 (péigēn)

→ Finnish: pekoni

→ French: bacon

desc

→ Hebrew: בייקון

→ Hebrew: בייקון

→ Italian: becon

→ Japanese: ベーコン (bēkon)

→ Maori: pēkana

→ Maltese: bejken

→ Norwegian Bokmål: bacon, beiken

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: bacon, beiken

→ Polish: bekon

→ Portuguese: bacon

→ Russian: бекон (bekon)

→ Spanish: bacon, beicon

→ Swedish: bacon

From Middle English bacoun (“meat from the back and sides of a pig”), from Anglo-Norman bacon, bacun (“ham, flitch, strip of lard”), from Old Low Frankish *bakō (“ham, flitch”), from Proto-Germanic *bakô, *bakkô (“back”), an extension of *baką, whence English back, which see for more. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeg- (“back, buttocks; to vault, arch”).
Cognate with Old Saxon baco (“back”), Dutch bake (“ham, side of bacon”), Old High German bahho (“ham, side of bacon”), whence German Bache f (“wild sow”), Alemannic German Bache m (“bacon”).
(police): Extension of pig (“police”).

cog

(cycling, slang, uncountable) Road rash.


pick

From Middle English piken, picken, pikken, from Old English *piccian, *pīcian (attested in pīcung (“a pricking”)), and pīcan, pȳcan (“to pick, prick, pluck”), both from Proto-West Germanic *pikkōn, from Proto-Germanic *pikkōną (“to pick, peck, prick, knock”), from Proto-Indo-European *bew-, *bu- (“to make a dull, hollow sound”). Doublet of pitch and peck.
Cognate with Dutch pikken (“to pick”), German picken (“to pick, peck”), Old Norse pikka, pjakka (whence Icelandic pikka (“to pick, prick”), Swedish picka (“to pick, peck”)).

inh

écran (only used in the verbal locution faire écran)

(lacrosse) An offensive tactic in which a player stands so as to block a defender from reaching a teammate.

(baseball) A good defensive play by an infielder.


pick

en-verb

pick (third-person singular simple present picks, present participle picking, simple past and past participle picked)

picks (present singular third-person)
picking (participle present)
picked (participle past)
picked (past)

dərmək

to remove a fruit or plant for consumption

whakatete

to pick a fight or argument with someone

He didn't pick the googly, and was bowled.

(cricket) To recognise the type of ball being bowled by a bowler by studying the position of the hand and arm as the ball is released.

lukea

cricket: to recognise the type of ball being bowled

The pass was almost picked, but the tight end was able to hold on.

(American football, informal) To intercept a pass from the offense as a defensive player.


Blueshirt

(ice hockey) A member of the National Hockey League's New York Rangers, named for the blue sweaters they wear in away games.


evolution

en-noun

evolution (countable and uncountable, plural evolutions)

extinction

antonym(s) of “survival through adaptation”

/ɛvəˈlʉːʃən/

Borrowed from Latin ēvolūtiō, ēvolūtiōnis (“the act of unrolling, unfolding or opening (of a book)”), from ēvolūtus, perfect passive participle of ēvolvō (“unroll, unfold”), from ex + volvō (“roll”).
Compare typologically Czech vývoj, Serbo-Croatian развој, Russian разви́ть (razvítʹ), развива́ть (razvivátʹ), разви́ться (razvítʹsja), развива́ться (razvivátʹsja), Russian разви́тие (razvítije), related to Proto-Slavic *viti (whence Czech vít, Russian вить (vitʹ)).

تَطَوُّر

general: a gradual process of development

Our necromancer […] taking up his wand, waved it around his head in a very mysterious motion, with a view of intimidating these forward visitants, who, far from being awed by this sort of evolution, became more and more obstreperous […].

1751, [Tobias] Smollett, The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle […], volume (please specify |volume=I to IV), London: Harrison and Co., […], →OCLC:

It was a critical instant: the pirouette -- it would fail, she feared. … the rapid whirl achieved in exact time, the whole evolution executed to perfection.

1869, anonymous author, Miss Langley's Will:

… as he beheld the tenfold pirouette of a lovely girl, which presented to the public eye the whole of her form and figure; … to praise the dexterity and ease with which the unfortunate and degraded creature had performed the ungraceful evolution, the only merit of which, is the gross exposition of person, at which modesty shudders […]

1825, Theodore Edward Hook, Sayings and Doings: Passion and principle:

"Look now, that pirouette -- my stars! how Beauchamp would stare to see his darling perform such an evolution!"

1863, Knightley Willia Horlock, The master of the hounds:

By this operation each foot will describe an arc or segment of a circle. … This evolution is performed sometimes on one foot, sometimes on the other …

1869, William Clarke, The boy's own book:

(chiefly dance, sports) A turning movement, especially of the body.


spectacles

en-noun

spectacles pl (plural only, attributive spectacle)

(cricket, slang) Synonym of pair (“score of zero runs in both innings”)


block

→ Dutch: block

→ German: Block

→ Irish: bloc

→ Manx: block

→ Maori: poraka

→ Norwegian: blokk

→ Polish: blok

desctree

→ Russian: блок (blok)
→ Armenian: բլոկ (blok)
→ Yakut: блок (blok)

→ Spanish: block

→ Vietnamese: lốc

From Middle English blok (“log, stump, solid piece”), from Old French bloc (“log, block”), from Middle Dutch blok (“treetrunk”), from Old Dutch *blok (“log”), from Proto-West Germanic *blokk, from Proto-Germanic *blukką (“beam, log”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰelǵ- (“thick plank, beam, pile, prop”). Cognate with Old Frisian blok, Old Saxon blok, Old High German bloh, bloc (“block”), Old English bolca (“gangway of a ship, plank”), Old Norse bǫlkr (“divider, partition”). More at balk. See also bloc, bulk.

طَابُوقَة

substantial often approximately cuboid piece

թաղամաս

group of buildings demarcated by streets

Something that prevents something from passing.

(sports) An action to interfere with the movement of an opposing player or of the object of play (ball, puck).

(cricket) A shot played by holding the bat vertically in the path of the ball, so that it loses momentum and drops to the ground.

(cricket) The position of a player or bat when guarding the wicket.

(volleyball) A defensive play by one or more players meant to deflect a spiked ball back to the hitter’s court.

The match proved an unedifying spectacle until Spurs won a corner following their first move of real quality, John Mensah making an important block with Jermain Defoe poised to strike.

2011 February 12, Oliver Brett, “Sunderland 1–2 Tottenham”, in BBC:


block

en-verb

block (third-person singular simple present blocks, present participle blocking, simple past and past participle blocked)

blocks (present singular third-person)
blocking (participle present)
blocked (participle past)
blocked (past)
blocke (alternative)

He blocked the basketball player’s shot.

The offensive linemen tried to block the blitz.

(transitive, sports) To impede (an opponent or opponent’s play).

(transitive, cricket) To hit with a block.

(intransitive, cricket) To play a block shot.


press

en-noun

press (countable and uncountable, plural presses)

From Middle English presse (“throng, crowd, clothespress”), partially from Old English press (“clothespress”) (from Medieval Latin pressa) and from Old French presse (Modern French presse) from Old French presser (“to press”), from Latin pressāre, from pressus, past participle of premere (“to press”). Displaced native Middle English thring (“press, crowd, throng”) (from Old English þring (“a press, crowd, anything that presses or confines”)).

cog

This is the fourth set of benchpresses. There will be five more; then there will be five sets of presses on an inclined bench[…].

1974, Charles Gaines, George Butler, Pumping Iron: The Art and Sport of Bodybuilding, page 22:

(countable, weightlifting) An exercise in which weight is forced away from the body by extension of the arms or legs.

He can even the match with a press.

The way a press works is, say you're two down after six holes; you can then start another bet (in effect another match) from the seventh hole, for the same amount, starting all square on the seventh tee.

When a side is two or more points down in the match, they may request a press.

2014, Nicolae Sfetcu, Sports Betting, page 181:

(countable, golf, gambling) An additional bet in a golf match that duplicates an existing (usually losing) wager in value, but begins even at the time of the bet.


furniture

en-noun

furniture (usually uncountable, plural furnitures)

From Middle French fourniture (“a supply, or the act of furnishing”), from fournir (“to furnish”).


breakdown

en-noun

breakdown (countable and uncountable, plural breakdowns)

breakdowns (plural)
break-down (alternative)

sınma

failure, particularly one which is mechanical in nature

Come, hold on, boys, do n't clear out when the quadrilles are over, for we are going to have a break down to wind up with.

1859, John Russell Bartlett, “Break down”, in Dictionary of Americanisms: A Glossary of Words and Phrases usually Regarded as Peculiar to the United States, 2nd edition, Boston, Mass.: Little, Brown, and Company; London: Trübner and Company, →OCLC, page 49:

Towards nine the three miners said that as they had brought their instruments they might as well tune up, for the boys and girls would soon be arriving now, and hungry for a good old fashioned break[-]down. A fiddle, a banjo, and a clarinet—these were the instruments. The trio took their places side by side, and began to play some rattling dance-music, and beat time with their big boots.

1906, Mark Twain [pseudonym; Samuel Langhorne Clemens], “The Californian’s Tale”, in The $30,000 Bequest and Other Stories, New York, N.Y.; London: Harper & Brothers, →OCLC, page 193:

(dance, dated) A noisy, rapid, shuffling dance engaged in competitively by a number of individuals or pairs in succession, common among African-Americans from the Southern United States; also, a lively event, chiefly in a rural setting, at which such dancing is done; a hoedown, a shindig.

breakdown-tanssi

shuffling dance common among African-Americans from the Southern United States


place

place (countable and uncountable, plural places)

Pijin: ples

Tok Pisin: ples

From Middle English place, conflation of Old English plæċe (“place, an open space, street”) and Old French place (“place, an open space”), both from Latin platea (“plaza, wide street”), from Ancient Greek πλατεῖα (plateîa), shortening of πλατεῖα ὁδός (plateîa hodós, “broad way”), from Proto-Indo-European *pleth₂- (“to spread”), extended form of *pleh₂- (“flat”). Displaced native Old English stōw, stede, and -ern. Compare also English pleck (“plot of ground”), West Frisian plak (“place, spot, location”), Dutch plek (“place, spot, patch”). Doublet of piatza, piazza, and plaza.

noncog

all over the place like a mad woman's custard

lightning does not strike twice in the same place

lightning doesn't strike twice in the same place

lightning never strikes twice in the same place

there is a place and time for everything

there is a time and place for everything

there's a time and a place for everything

to win a bet on a horse for place

(social) A responsibility or position in an organization.

(horse racing) The position of first, second, or third at the finish, especially the second position.


place

en-verb

place (third-person singular simple present places, present participle placing, simple past and past participle placed)

places (present singular third-person)
placing (participle present)
placed (participle past)
placed (past)
place (infinitive)
pleace (alternative)

From Middle English placen, from the noun (see above).

classificar-se

passive: to rank at (a certain position)

In the third race: Aces Up won, paying eight dollars; Blarney Stone placed, paying three dollars; and Cinnamon showed, paying five dollars.

(ergative) To earn a given spot in a competition; to rank at a certain position ((often followed by an ordinal)).

(intransitive, motor racing) To finish second, especially of horses or dogs.

(sports, transitive) To place-kick (a goal).


Everest

Everest (third-person singular simple present Everests, present participle Everesting, simple past and past participle Everested)

Everests (present singular third-person)
Everesting (participle present)
Everested (participle past)
Everested (past)

Training for an Everest expedition in 1994, Mallory wrote, he had Everested by cycling eight times up Mount Donna Buang, outside Melbourne.

2020 August 13, Alec Jacobson, “How to Cycle Up ‘Mount Everest’”, in The New York Times:

(climbing, cycling) To repeatedly cycle up steep roads with a total distance equal to the height of Mount Everest.


parkour

From French parkour, altered spelling of parcours (“course, route”).

(sports) An athletic discipline, in which practitioners traverse any environment in the most efficient way possible using their physical abilities, and which commonly involves running, jumping, vaulting, rolling, flipping, and other similar physical movements.


parkour

parkour (third-person singular simple present parkours, present participle parkouring, simple past and past participle parkoured)

parkours (present singular third-person)
parkouring (participle present)
parkoured (participle past)
parkoured (past)

It's about running at 100mph through the world, then parkouring up an exploding cube van that's 100ft in the air, bouncing off it and hitting the wall and keeping on going.

2008 March 24, Tim Bennison, quotee, “Prototype [preview]”, in Xbox 360:

They had parkoured seven roofs, clambered down a mango tree, and crossed over the bridge in the back of a donkey cart, unnoticed even by the driver.

2009 October 19, Stephen Davies, Hacking Timbuktu, Andersen Press, →ISBN, →OL, ch. 24:

The daring Ukrainian can be found on his website dangling off of tall buildings with one hand, scaling bridges and parkouring through urban landscapes in search of a personal thrill.

2013 March 25, Aaron Lindberg, “Death Defying Photos Of Mustang Wanted”, in Fstoppers, archived from the original on 2014-06-27:

(sports, transitive, intransitive) To freerun; to use parkour (to move over).


scuba

From SCUBA, acronym of self-contained underwater breathing apparatus.

acronym

(underwater diving) An apparatus carried by a diver, which includes a tank holding compressed, filtered air and a regulator which delivers the air to the diver at ambient pressure which can be used underwater.


dope

en-verb

dope (third-person singular simple present dopes, present participle doping, simple past and past participle doped)

dopes (present singular third-person)
doping (participle present)
doped (participle past)
doped (past)

→ Catalan: dopar

→ French: doper

→ Galician: dopar

→ German: dopen

→ Italian: dopare

→ Portuguese: dopar

→ Spanish: dopar

From Dutch doop (“thick dipping sauce”), from Dutch dopen (“to dip”), from Middle Dutch dopen, from Old Dutch *dōpen, from Frankish *daupijan, from Proto-Germanic *daupijaną.
“Doop” in the sense “narcotic drug” ultimately refers to viscous opium juice, the drug of choice of the ancient Greeks; “insider information” perhaps from knowing which horse had been doped in a race. Sense of "stupid person" perhaps following from the drug sense (i.e. relating to those intoxicated on opium), compare dope up. Related to English dip and German taufen.

The more experienced cyclists, who doped or used to dope, transmitted the culture of doping to the younger cyclists, teaching them doping methods and suggesting which substances to use.

2015, Vassilis Barkoukis, Lambros Lazuras, Haralambos Tsorbatzoudis, The Psychology of Doping in Sport, Routledge, →ISBN:

(intransitive, now chiefly sports) To use drugs; especially, to use prohibited performance-enhancing drugs (PEDs) in sporting competitions.


DLS

Duckworth-Lewis-Stern method
Duckworth-Lewis-Stern method#English

(cricket) Initialism of Duckworth-Lewis-Stern method.


hora

From Hebrew הוֹרָה (hóra), Yiddish האָרע (hore), and Romanian horă, from Turkish hora, probably from Greek χορός (chorós, “dance”). Doublet of choir, chorus, and quire.

(dance) A circle dance popular in the Balkans, Israel and Yiddish culture worldwide.


tren

While on "tren" (trenbolone acetate), one of the most potent steroids, [Tom] Powell couldn't keep a hard-on as long as he wanted. He had night sweats and nightmares.

2022 June 28, Jamie Millar, “'SARM Goblins': The Young Men Hooked on Steroids”, in VICE, archived from the original on 2023-11-07:

(bodybuilding slang) Clipping of trenbolone (a steroid used to increase muscle growth).


Olympic

From Ancient Greek Ὀλυμπικός (Olumpikós), from Ὄλυμπος (Ólumpos, “Olympus”).

(cricket, slang) Five consecutive ducks.


fade

From Middle English fade, vad, vade (“faded, pale, withered, weak”), from Middle Dutch vade (“weak, faint, limp”), from Old French fade (“weak, witless”), of obscure origin. Probably from Vulgar Latin *fatidus, from Latin fatuus (“insipid”).

If you confine yourself to hitting straight shots while you are developing your golf swing, you are less likely to develop a preference for hitting a fade or a draw.

2011, James Lythgoe, The Golf Swing: It's all in the hands, page 88:

(golf) A golf shot that curves intentionally to the player's right (if they are right-handed) or to the left (if left-handed).


fade

fade (third-person singular simple present fades, present participle fading, simple past and past participle faded)

fades (present singular third-person)
fading (participle present)
faded (participle past)
faded (past)
vade (alternative)

The Golden Bear faded the ball from left to right with great consistency, so he seldom had to worry about trouble on the left.

2011, Gary McCord, Golf For Dummies, page 284:

(transitive, golf) To hit the ball with the shot called a fade.


pack

From Middle English pak, pakke, from Old English *pæcca and/or Middle Dutch pak, packe; both ultimately from Proto-West Germanic *pakkō, from Proto-Germanic *pakkô (“bundle, pack”). Cognate with Dutch pak (“pack”), Low German Pack (“pack”), German Pack (“pack”), Swedish packe (“pack”), Icelandic pakka, pakki (“package”).

(snooker, pool) A tight group of object balls in cue sports. Usually the reds in snooker.

The captain had to take a man out of the pack to replace the injured fullback.

If the pack wasn't pummelling England, Handre Pollard kept delivering telling blows.

2019 November 3, Liam de Carme, “Boks, you beauties”, in Sunday Times:

(rugby) The forwards in a rugby team (eight in Rugby Union, six in Rugby League) who with the opposing pack constitute the scrum.


pack

pack (third-person singular simple present packs, present participle packing, simple past and past participle packed)

packs (present singular third-person)
packing (participle present)
packed (participle past)
packed (past)

From Middle English pakken, from the noun (see above). Compare Middle Dutch packen (“to pack”), Middle Low German packen (“to pack”).

وَضَّبَ

to put things together for storage or transporting

(transitive, sports, slang) To block a shot, especially in basketball.

(intransitive, rugby, of the forwards in a rugby team) To play together cohesively, specially with reference to their technique in the scrum.


parsimonious

en-adj

parsimonious (comparative more parsimonious, superlative most parsimonious)

more parsimonious (comparative)
most parsimonious (superlative)

They played like a team that was in a hurry to get back to the Premier League. Norwich City had dismantled the most parsimonious defence in the Championship inside the opening quarter of an hour and at the final whistle it was the yellow end, rather than Middlesbrough’s banks of red, where the euphoria could be found.

2015 May 25, Daniel Taylor, “Norwich reach Premier League after early blitz sees off Middlesbrough”, in The Guardian, London, archived from the original on 2015-05-26:


pad

1554, "bundle of straw to lie on", probably from Low German or West Flemish pad (“sole of the foot”), perhaps ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *pent- (“to pass”), which would make it related to both path and find.

unk

probably

(cricket) A soft cover for a batsman's leg that protects the player from damage when hit by the ball.


pad

en-verb

pad (third-person singular simple present pads, present participle padding, simple past and past participle padded)

pads (present singular third-person)
padding (participle present)
padded (participle past)
padded (past)

unk

probably

(transitive, cricket) To deliberately play the ball with the leg pad instead of the bat.


par

en-noun

par (countable and uncountable, plural pars)

He needs to make this shot for par.

(golf, mostly uncountable) The allotted number of strokes to reach the hole.

Kaymer started with six straight pars before making a birdie on the seventh and an eagle on the eighth.

2009 January 18, “Paul Casey storms to four-stroke lead in Abu Dhabi”, in Herald Sun:

(golf, countable) A hole in which a player achieves par.


par

en-verb

par (third-person singular simple present pars, present participle parring, simple past and past participle parred)

pars (present singular third-person)
parring (participle present)
parred (participle past)
parred (past)

He will need to par every hole in order to win this game.

(transitive, golf) To reach the hole in the allotted number of strokes.


park

park (third-person singular simple present parks, present participle parking, simple past and past participle parked)

parks (present singular third-person)
parking (participle present)
parked (participle past)
parked (past)

From Middle English park, from Old French parc (“livestock pen”), from Medieval Latin parcus, parricus, from Frankish *parrik (“enclosure, pen, fence”). Cognate with Dutch perk (“enclosure; flowerbed”), Old High German pfarrih, pferrih (“enclosure, pen”), Old English pearroc (“enclosure”) (whence modern English paddock), Old Norse parrak, parak (“enclosure, pen; distress, anxiety”), Icelandic parraka (“to keep pent in under restraint and coercion”). More at parrock, paddock.

cog

He really parked that one.

(transitive, baseball) To hit a home run; to hit the ball out of the park.


physique

(bodybuilding) The trained muscular structure of a person's body.


quotient

Coordinate term: net run rate

(cricket) The number of runs scored per wicket lost when batting, divided by the number of runs conceded per wicket taken when bowling — used as a league table tiebreaker in some first-class tournaments.


quitter

From Middle English quitter, from Anglo-Norman quiture, quyture et al., specialised use of quiture (“burn mark, burning”), from the participle stem of cuire (“to cook”), or from Latin coctura (“cooking”).

quittor (alternative)
quitture (alternative)

(farriery) Alternative spelling of quittor (“fistulous wound at the top of a horse's foot”)


pow

(skiing slang) Clipping of powder (“powder snow”).


giant

/ˈd͡ʒʌɪ.ənt/

[ˈd͡ʒəɪ̯(ə)nt]

From Middle English geaunt, geant, from Old French geant, gaiant (Modern French géant) from Vulgar Latin *gagās, gagant-, from Latin gigās, gigant-, from Ancient Greek γίγας (gígas, “giant”) Cognate to giga- (“1,000,000,000”). Displaced native Old English ent. Compare Modern English ent (“giant tree-man”).

(gymnastics) A maneuver involving a full rotation around an axis while fully extended.


hollow

en-adj

hollow (comparative hollower, superlative hollowest)

hollower (comparative)
hollowest (superlative)
hallow (alternative)
holler (alternative)

From Middle English holowe, holwe, holuȝ, holgh, from the noun (see above).

hollow body position
hollow body position

(gymnastics) Pertaining to hollow body position


gentleman

Chinese Pidgin English: gentleman

→ Danish: gentleman

→ Esperanto: ĝentlemano

→ French: gentleman

desctree

→ Russian: джентльмен (džentlʹmen)
→ Armenian: ջենտլմեն (ǰentlmen)
→ Georgian: ჯენტლმენი (ǯenṭlmeni)

→ Mohegan-Pequot: gundermon

→ Polish: dżentelmen

→ Portuguese: gentleman

→ Spanish: gentleman

→ Yiddish: דזשענטעלמען (dzhentelmen)

[ˈd͡ʒɛɾ̃.ɫ̩.mən]

From Middle English gentilman, morphologically gentle + man, partial calque of Old French gentilhome.

(cricket) An amateur player, particularly one whose wealth permits him to forego payment.


glacier

→ Hindi: ग्लेशियर (gleśiyar)

Borrowed from French glacier, from Franco-Provençal gllaciér, from Vulgar Latin *glaciārium, a derivative of Latin glaciēs (“ice”), of uncertain origin. First attested in English in 1744 per the OED.

You can ski down the glacier in both the winter and the summer.

(mountaineering) An area of a mountain where snow is present year-round.


golf

The word is first known in English from the 17th century as a borrowing from Middle Scots golf, gouff. Although the etymology is uncertain, the most likely origin is that it comes from the Middle Dutch colve, colf (“club”), ultimately from Proto-Germanic *kulbaz (“club”), related to German Kolben (“piston, rod”), Swedish kolv (“piston, rod”), Old English clopp (“rock; cliff”).

In January, China’s state planner said it had ordered the closure of more than 100 golf courses in a multi-year campaign launched in 2011 to tackle illegal development in the sector.
Golf has also been added to a list of Communist Party disciplinary violations, and is often cited in cases of graft.

2017 October 16, Adam Jourdan, Matt Miller, “In the rough - China closes Wanda golf courses in chilly northeast”, in Himani Sarkar, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2023-03-18, Business News:

(sports) A ball game played by individuals competing against one another in which the object is to hit a ball into each of a series of (usually 18 or nine) holes in the minimum number of strokes.


dry-tool

en-verb

dry-tool (third-person singular simple present dry-tools, present participle dry-tooling, simple past and past participle dry-tooled)

dry-tools (present singular third-person)
dry-tooling (participle present)
dry-tooled (participle past)
dry-tooled (past)

(climbing) To climb bare rock using ice climbing equipment.


stunner

professional wrestling
professional wrestling

(professional wrestling) A professional wrestling maneuver in which an attacking wrestler applies a facelock to an opponent and falls to a seated position, forcing the opponent's jaw or neck to drop on the attacker's shoulder.


drill down

drill down (third-person singular simple present drills down, present participle drilling down, simple past and past participle drilled down)

drills down (present singular third-person)
drilling down (participle present)
drilled down (participle past)
drilled down (past)

We've drilled down on guarding players with his skillset.

(intransitive, sports) To practice maneuvers in order to memorize them; to drill thoroughly (to practice).

They drilled down three pointers throughout the second half.

(transitive, basketball) To score points; to do well in a basketball game.


camp

camp (third-person singular simple present camps, present participle camping, simple past and past participle camped)

camps (present singular third-person)
camping (participle present)
camped (participle past)
camped (past)

From Middle English kampe (“battlefield, open space”), from Old English camp (“battle, contest, battlefield, open space”), from Proto-West Germanic *kamp (“open field where military exercises are held, level plain”), from Latin campus (“open field, level plain”), from Proto-Indo-European *kh₂emp- (“to bend; crooked”). Reinforced circa 1520 by Middle French can, camp (“place where an army lodges temporarily”), from Old Northern French camp, from the same Latin (whence also French champ from Old French). Cognate with Old High German champf (“battle, struggle”) (German Kampf), Old Norse kapp (“battle”), Old High German hamf (“paralysed, maimed, mutilated”). Doublet of campus and champ.
The verb is from Middle English campen, from Old English campian, compian (“to fight, war against”), from Proto-West Germanic *kampōn (“to fight, do battle”), from *kamp (“field, battlefield, battle”), see above. Cognate with Dutch kampen, German kämpfen (“to struggle”), Danish kæmpe, Swedish kämpa.

inh

Some players like to camp next to a power-up's spawning point.

Yet, even without the three second rule, where your big man could camp underneath and take those delightful “garbage” shots, there was little or no pivot offense, no cutting off the bucket.

(intransitive, sports, video games) To stay in an advantageous location.

דָּגַר

to stay in an advantageous location in a video game


merry-go-round

Possibly from go round (= rotate) merrily.

Russell kept the merry-go-round moving with an RBI single that advanced Henderson to third.

(baseball, figurative) A series of singles and doubles that allow the batting team to score while still having runners on base who can be driven in by the next batter.


sup

→ German: Sup

of supremum and of words beginning with super-


quarte

en-noun

quarte (countable and uncountable, plural quartes)

(fencing) The fourth defensive position, with the sword hand held at chest height, and the tip of the sword at neck height, the palm of the hand facing upwards.


quinte

(fencing) The fifth defensive position, with the sword hand held at waist height, and the tip of the sword at knee height.


hill

l-vocalizing: UK, General Australian, New Zealand

From Middle English hil, from Old English hyll (“hill”), from Proto-Germanic *hulliz (“hill”), from Proto-Indo-European *kl̥Hnís (“top, hill, rock”) (compare also Proto-Germanic *halluz (“stone, rock”)).
Cognate with Middle Dutch hille, hulle (“hill”), Low German hull (“hill”), Old Norse hóll (“hill”), Latin collis (“hill”), Lithuanian kalnas, Albanian kallumë (“big pile, tall heap”), Russian холм (xolm, “hill”), Old English holm (“rising land, island”). More at holm.


skeleton

The etymology of the term is disputed between two versions.
* From the sled used, which originally was a bare frame, like a skeleton.
* From Norwegian kjaelke (a type of ice sled) through a bad anglicization as "skele".

Lugers, who slide feet first and reach the highest speeds, experience some of the same forces, but seem to suffer far fewer concussion-like symptoms than bobsled and skeleton athletes do, probably because a support strap often prevents their heads from banging into the ice.

2020 July 26, Matthew Futterman, “Sledhead”, in New York Times:

(sports, uncountable) A type of tobogganing in which competitors lie face down, and descend head first.


driver

desctree

→ Japanese: ドライバー (doraibā)
→ Hakka: 多拉把 (tô-lai-pá, tô-lai-pà, tò-lái-pà)
→ Hokkien: 螺賴把 /螺赖把 (lo͘-lài-bà)

→ Hokkien: 嚦峇 /呖峇 (lē-bā)

→ Scottish Gaelic: draibhear

From Middle English drivere, dryvere, dryvare, equivalent to drive + -er. Cognate with Saterland Frisian Drieuwer (“driver”), Dutch drijver (“driver”), German Low German Driever (“driver”), German Treiber (“driver”).

The brassey much resembled the driver, but the iron opened out quite a new field of practice; […]

1902, Robert Marshall Grade, The Haunted Major:

(golf) A golf club used to drive the ball a great distance.


range

Japanese: レンジ (renji)

Korean: 레인지 (reinji)

From Middle English rengen, from Old French rengier (“to range, to rank, to order,”), from the noun renc, reng, ranc, rang (“a rank, row”), from Frankish *hring, from Proto-Germanic *hringaz (“ring, circle, curve”). Doublet of ring.

der

Jones has good range for a big man.

(sports, baseball) The defensive area that a player can cover.

防守領域 /防守领域

baseball: defensive area covered by a player


range

en-verb

range (third-person singular simple present ranges, present participle ranging, simple past and past participle ranged)

ranges (present singular third-person)
ranging (participle present)
ranged (participle past)
ranged (past)

Willie, playing in left-center, raced toward a ball no human had any business getting a glove to. Mays ranged to his left, searching, digging in, pouring on the speed, as the crowd screamed its anticipation of a triple.

2009, Jason Aronoff, Going, Going ... Caught!: Baseball's Great Outfield Catches as Described by Those Who Saw Them, 1887-1964, →ISBN, page 250:

(baseball) Of a player, to travel a significant distance for a defensive play.


mat

Tok Pisin: mat

→ Japanese: マット (matto)

→ Russian: мат (mat)

→ Spanish: mat

Inherited from Middle English matte, from Old English meatte, from Late Latin matta, from Punic or Phoenician (compare Hebrew מיטה \ מִטָּה (mitá, “bed, couch”)).

cog

מיטה \ מִטָּה

The high jumper cleared the bar and landed safely on the mat.

(athletics) A floor pad to protect athletes.


rest

en-noun

rest (countable and uncountable, plural rests)

From Middle English rest, reste, from Old English ræst, from Proto-West Germanic *rastu, from Proto-Germanic *rastō, from Proto-Indo-European *ros-, *res-, *erH- (“rest”). Cognate with West Frisian rêst (“rest”), Dutch rust (“rest”), German Rast (“rest”), Swedish rast (“rest”), Norwegian rest (“rest”), Icelandic röst (“rest”), Old Irish árus (“dwelling”), German Ruhe (“calm”), Albanian resht (“to stop, pause”), Welsh araf (“quiet, calm, gentle”), Lithuanian rovà (“calm”), Ancient Greek ἐρωή (erōḗ, “rest, respite”), Avestan 𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌𐬨𐬈 (aⁱrime, “calm, peaceful”), Sanskrit रमते (rámate, “he stays still, calms down”), Gothic 𐍂𐌹𐌼𐌹𐍃 (rimis, “tranquility”). Related to roo.

rest

stick used to support the cue in snooker

Higgins can't quite reach the white with his cue, so he'll be using the rest.

(snooker, countable) A stick with a U-, V- or X-shaped head used to support the tip of a cue when the cue ball is otherwise out of reach.


bean

en-verb

bean (third-person singular simple present beans, present participle beaning, simple past and past participle beaned)

beans (present singular third-person)
beaning (participle present)
beaned (participle past)
beaned (past)

From Middle English bene, from Old English bēan, from Proto-West Germanic *baunu, from Proto-Germanic *baunō (“bean”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰabʰ- (“bean”). Cognate with Scots bene, bein (“bean”), West Frisian bean (“bean”), Dutch boon (“bean”), German Bohne (“bean”),
Swedish böna (“bean”),
Danish bønne (“bean”), Norwegian bønne (“bean”), Icelandic baun (“bean”), Latin faba (“bean”), Russian боб (bob, “bean”), Serbo-Croatian бо̏б/bȍb. Doublet of fava.

The pitcher beaned the batter, rather than letting him hit another home run.

Though I shall have to exercise an iron self-restraint to keep me from beaning that pie-faced little hornswoggler Mrs Bertram Wooster, nee Wickham, with the shaker.
[...]
 dudgeon might easily lead her to reach for the ginger ale bottle and bean me with it.

1960, P. G. Wodehouse, Jeeves in the Offing, chapter IX and XI:

(chiefly baseball) To hit with a projectile, especially a deliberately aimed blow to the head.


beak

en-noun

beak (countable and uncountable, plural beaks)

From Middle English bec, borrowed from Anglo-Norman bec, Old French bec, from Latin beccus, from Gaulish *bekkos, from Proto-Celtic *bekkos (“beak, snout”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bak-, *baḱ- (“pointed stick, peg”). Cognate with Breton beg (“beak”). Compare Saterland Frisian Bäk (“mouth; muzzle; beak”); Dutch bek (“beak; bill; neb”).


ET

en-noun

ET (countable and uncountable, plural ETs)

(sports, especially drag racing) Initialism of elapsed time.


tranny

tranny (countable and uncountable, plural trannies)

All are shortened forms of the indicated terms + -y.

(slang, skateboarding, countable) A transition between moves.

(slang, skateboarding, uncountable) A style of skateboarding based on transitioning from one move to the next.


dot

From Middle English *dot, dotte, from Old English dott (“a dot, point”), from Proto-West Germanic *dott, from Proto-Germanic *duttaz (“wisp”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian Dot, Dotte (“a clump”), Dutch dot (“lump, knot, clod”), Low German Dutte (“a plug”), dialectal Swedish dott (“a little heap, bunch, clump”).

cog

That left 15 needed from Boult's final set. Two dots were followed by a heave over deep mid-wicket, then came the outrageous moment of fortune.

2019 July 14, Stephan Shemilt, “England win Cricket World Cup: Ben Stokes stars in dramatic finale against New Zealand”, in BBC Sport, London:


bulldog

→ French: bouledogue

→ German: Bulldogge

→ Portuguese: buldogue

From bull + dog, in reference to bullbaiting.

(professional wrestling) Any move in which the wrestler grabs an opponent's head and jumps forward, so that the wrestler lands, often in a sitting position, and drives the opponent's face into the mat.


crab

en-noun

crab (countable and uncountable, plural crabs)

From Middle English crabbe, from Old English crabba (“crab; crayfish; cancer”), from Proto-West Germanic *krabbō, from Proto-Germanic *krabbô, from *krabbōną (“to creep, crawl”), from Proto-Indo-European *grobʰeh₂yéti (“scratch, claw at”), a metathesised o-grade of *gerbʰ-. More at carve.
Cognates
See also Dutch krab, Low German Krabb, Danish krabbe, Swedish krabba.
Further cognates with frequentative-infix are Saterland Frisian krabbelje (“to creep, crawl”), Dutch krabbelen (“to scratch”) and German krabbeln (“to crawl”). Possibly related to English creep and Swedish krypa (“to creep, crawl”) etc.

cog

(rowing) A position in rowing where the oar is pushed under the rigger by the force of the water.


chase

en-noun

chase (countable and uncountable, plural chases)

From Middle English chacen, from Anglo-Norman chacer, Old French chacier, from Late Latin captiāre, from Latin captāre, frequentative of capere. Compare French chasser (“to hunt”, “to chase”), Spanish cazar (“to hunt”), Portuguese caçar (“to hunt”)
, see Norwegian skysse (“to hunt”).
Doublet of catch and related to capture. Displaced native Old English ōht, ēhtnes, and wāþ. Broadly overtook Old English huntaþ.

(cycling) One or more riders who are ahead of the peloton and trying to join the race or stage leaders.


chase

en-verb

chase (third-person singular simple present chases, present participle chasing, simple past and past participle chased)

chases (present singular third-person)
chasing (participle present)
chased (participle past)
chased (past)
chace (alternative)

Australia will be chasing 217 for victory on the final day.

(transitive, cricket) To attempt to win by scoring the required number of runs in the final innings.

tavoitella

cricket: to attempt to score required number of runs

Jones chases one out of the zone for strike two.

(transitive, baseball) To swing at a pitch outside of the strike zone, typically an outside pitch.

The rally chased the starter.

(transitive, baseball) To produce enough offense to cause the pitcher to be removed.


whack

whack (third-person singular simple present whacks, present participle whacking, simple past and past participle whacked)

whacks (present singular third-person)
whacking (participle present)
whacked (participle past)
whacked (past)

Uncertain. Originally Scottish; probably onomatopoeic, but compare Middle English thakken < Old English þaccian (whence Modern thwack by conflation with whack). Sense 6 of the verb is likely a semantic loan from Malay hentam (“to strike; to do something carelessly”).

sl

The fidgety Majors were whacked 9-1 by the Kitchener Panthers at Couch and now trail their rivals 2-0 in an increasingly uncomfortable best-of-seven Intercounty Baseball League first-round series.

2012, Ryan Pyette, Majors, Panthers play mind games, The London Free Press

(sports) To beat convincingly; to thrash.


sack

→ Japanese: サック (sakku)

From Middle English sak, sek, sach, zech (“bag, sackcloth”), from Old English sacc (“sack, bag”) and sæċċ (“sackcloth, sacking”); both from Proto-West Germanic *sakku, from late Proto-Germanic *sakkuz (“sack”), borrowed from Latin saccus (“large bag”), from Ancient Greek σάκκος (sákkos, “bag of coarse cloth”), from Semitic, possibly Phoenician or Hebrew.
Cognate with Dutch zak, German Sack, Swedish säck, Danish sæk, Hebrew שַׂק (śaq, “sack, sackcloth”), Aramaic סַקָּא, Classical Syriac ܣܩܐ, Ge'ez ሠቅ (śäḳ), Akkadian 𒆭𒊓 (saqqu), Egyptian sꜣgꜣ. Doublet of sac, saccus, saco, and sakkos.
Černý and Forbes suggest the word was originally Egyptian, a nominal derivative of sꜣq (“to gather or put together”) that also yielded Coptic ⲥⲟⲕ (sok, “sackcloth”) and was borrowed into Greek perhaps by way of a Semitic intermediary. However, Vycichl and Hoch reject this idea, noting that such an originally Egyptian word would be expected to yield Hebrew *סַק rather than שַׂק. Instead, they posit that the Coptic and Greek words are both borrowed from Semitic, with the Coptic word perhaps developing via Egyptian sꜣgꜣ.
Sense evolution
* “Pillage” senses from the use of sacks in carrying off plunder. From Middle French sac, shortened from the phrase mettre à sac (“put it in a bag”), a military command to pillage; also parallel meaning with Italian sacco (“plunder”), from Medieval Latin saccō (“pillage”). From Vulgar Latin saccare (“to plunder”), from saccus (“sack”). See also ransack. American football “tackle” sense from this “plunder, conquer” root.
* “Removal from employment” senses attested since 1825; the original formula was “to give (someone) the sack”, likely from the notion of a worker going off with his tools in a sack, or being given such a sack for his personal belongings as part of an expedient severance. Idiom exists earlier in French (on luy a donné son sac, 17c.) and Middle Dutch (iemand den zak geven). English verb in this sense recorded from 1841. Current verb, to sack (“to fire”) carries influence from the forceful nature of “plunder, tackle” verb senses.
* Slang meaning “bunk, bed” is attested since 1825, originally nautical, likely in reference to sleeping bags. The verb meaning “go to bed” is recorded from 1946.
* Slang meaning "scrotum" is an ellipsis of ballsack.

doublet

(American football) A successful tackle of the quarterback behind the line of scrimmage.

He twisted his ankle sliding into the sack at second.

(baseball) One of the square bases anchored at first base, second base, or third base.


sack

en-verb

sack (third-person singular simple present sacks, present participle sacking, simple past and past participle sacked)

sacks (present singular third-person)
sacking (participle present)
sacked (participle past)
sacked (past)

уволнявам

informal: to remove from a job or position — see also fire

On third down, the rejuvenated Rickey Jackson stormed in over All-Pro left tackle Richmond Webb to sack Marino yet again for a 2-yard loss.

1995, John Crumpacker and Gwen Knapp, "Sack-happy defensive line stuns Dolphins", SFGate.com, November 21

(American football) To tackle the quarterback behind the line of scrimmage, especially before he is able to throw a pass.


technical

en-noun

technical (countable and uncountable, plural technicals)

From Late Latin technicus + -al, from Ancient Greek τεχνικός (tekhnikós), from τέχνη (tékhnē, “skill”).


oblique

From Middle French oblique, from Latin oblīquus (also spelled oblīcus) (“slanting, sideways, indirect, envious”).

uder

(exercise) The musculus obliquus externus abdominis or also obliquus internus abdominis.


finish line

The five exhausted runners crossed the finish line one after the other.

(sports) A line marking the end of a race.


kite

kites (plural)
kight (alternative)
kyte (alternative)

The noun is from Middle English kyte, kīte, kete (“a kite endemic to Europe, especially the red kite (Milvus milvus)”), from Old English cȳta (“kite; bittern”), from Proto-West Germanic *kūtijō, diminutive of Proto-Germanic *kūts (“bird of prey”), from Proto-Indo-European *gewH-d- (“to cry, screech”). The English word is cognate with Scots kyt, kyte (“kite; bird of prey”), Middle High German kiuzelīn, kützlīn (“owling”) (modern German Kauz (“owl”)). Possibly a doublet of coot.
Sense 3 (“lightweight toy”) is from the fact that it hovers in the air like the bird.
The verb is derived from the noun.

leko

military aviation, slang: aircraft — see also aircraft

leija

sailing, slang: spinnaker — see also spinnaker

(cycling, slang) A rider who is good at climbs but less good at descents.

катера́ч

cycling, slang: rider who is good at climbs


puck

→ Danish: puck

→ German: Puck

→ Swedish: puck

From or influenced by Irish poc (“stroke in hurling, bag”). Compare poke (1861).

In hockey a flat piece of rubber, say four inches long by three wide and about an inch thick, called a ‘puck’, is used.

1886 February 28, Boston Daily Globe, page 2:

The game itself, though played by men, was probably meant to enact a mediation of the opposites of male and female, with a circular puck being the feminine symbol and the phallic hockey stick being the masculine symbol.

1981, William Irwin Thompson, The Time Falling Bodies Take to Light: Mythology, Sexuality and the Origins of Culture, London: Rider/Hutchinson & Co., page 184:

(ice hockey) A hard rubber disc; any other flat disc meant to be hit across a flat surface in a game.


puck

The puck position is allowed during competitions when performing multi-twisting multiple somersaults.

2013, The Sports Book: The Sports, the Rules, the Tactics, the Techniques:

(trampoline, gymnastics) A body position between the pike and tuck positions, with knees slightly bent and folded in; open tuck.


bouncer

‘You try to hit the bouncer that you should duck under. Your bat misses it completely. The ball strikes your temple, whack!’

1998, Kamila Shamsie, In the City by the Sea, Bloomsbury (2004), page 165:

(cricket) A short-pitched ball that bounces up towards, or above the height of the batsman’s head.


messenger

From Middle English messengere, messingere, messangere, from Old French messanger, a variant of Old French messagier (French messager), equivalent to message + -er. Doublet of messager.
Displaced native Old English boda (“messenger, envoy”) and ǣrendraca (“messenger, ambassador”).
For the replacement of -ager with -enger, -inger, -anger, compare passenger, harbinger, scavenger, porringer. This development may have been merely the addition of n, or it may have resulted due to contamination from other suffixes such as Middle English -ing and the rare Old French -ange, -enc, -inge, -inghe (“-ing”) for Old French -age (“-age”).

(bowling) A pin which travels across the pin deck to knock over another pin, usually for a strike.


foil

en-noun

foil (countable and uncountable, plural foils)

From Middle English foyle, from Middle French fueille, from Old French fueille (“plant leaf”), from Late Latin folia, the plural of folium, mistaken as a singular feminine.
The literary sense is from the practice of backing a gem with metal foil to make it shine more brilliantly.
Doublet of folio and folium, distantly also with phyllo and phyllon.

Blunt as the fencer's foils, which hit, but hurt not.

1598–1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, “Much Adoe about Nothing”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene ii]:

1784-1810, William Mitford, History of Greece
Socrates contended with a foil against Demosthenes with a sword.

(fencing) A very thin sword with a blunted (or foiled) tip


forward

forwards (plural)
foreward (alternative)
forrard (alternative)
forrad (alternative)
forred (alternative)

From Middle English foreward, from Old English foreweard (“forward, inclined to the front, fore, early, former”), from Proto-Germanic *fura- (“fore-”), *warþaz (“turned”), equivalent to fore + -ward. Cognate with Dutch voorwaarts (“forward”), German vorwärts (“forward”).

der

(rugby) One of the eight players (comprising two props, one hooker, two locks, two flankers and one number eight, collectively known as the pack) whose primary task is to gain and maintain possession of the ball (compare back).

(soccer) A player on a team in football (soccer) in the row nearest to the opposing team's goal, who are therefore principally responsible for scoring goals.

rojník

players nearest to the opposing rugby team

مُهَاجِم

player nearest to the opposing soccer team

(ice hockey) An umbrella term for a centre or winger in ice hockey.

(basketball) The small forward or power forward position; two frontcourt positions that are taller than guards but shorter than centers.


frame

en-verb

frame (third-person singular simple present frames, present participle framing, simple past and past participle framed)

frames (present singular third-person)
framing (participle present)
framed (participle past)
framed (past)

→ Dutch: frame

→ German: framen

From Middle English framen, fremen, fremmen (“to construct, build, strengthen, refresh, perform, execute, profit, avail”), from Old English framian, fremian, fremman (“to profit, avail, advance”), from Proto-West Germanic *frammjan, from Proto-Germanic *framjaną (“to further, promote, perform”), from Proto-Indo-European *promo- (“front, forward”).
Cognate with Low German framen (“to commit, effect”), Danish fremme (“to promote, further, perform”), Swedish främja (“to promote, encourage, foster”), Icelandic fremja (“to commit”). More at from.

cog

(tennis) To hit (the ball) with the frame of the racquet rather than the strings (normally a mishit).


frame

→ Korean: 프레임 (peureim)

→ Swahili: fremu

From Middle English frame (“profit, benefit, advantage; a structure composed according to a plan”), from the verb (above) and also from Old Norse frami (“advantage, fame, bravery, efficiency, privilege, honor”); and frame (“a framework or structure of any kind”) which is of uncertain origin. The latter is usually regarded as a derivative of former; however, compare the rare Anglo-Norman and Old French frame, fraine (“frame, framework”), itself of uncertain origin, which might be a borrowing from the English, from the Norse, or even possibly ultimately from Frankish *hramu (“frame”) related to Dutch raam (“window frame”).

der

(snooker) A complete game of snooker, from break-off until all the balls (or as many as necessary to win) have been potted.

(bowling) A set of balls whose results are added together for scoring purposes. Usually two balls, but only one ball in the case of a strike, and three balls in the case of a strike or a spare in the last frame of a game.

In knockemdowns and bowls ten pins are used, the centre one being called the king, and the ball has to be grounded before it reaches the frame.

1878, John Henry Walsh, British Rural Sports, page 712:

(bowling) The complete set of pins to be knocked down in their starting configuration.


glove

From Middle English glove, glofe, from Old English glōf, *glōfe, *glōfa, ("glove"; weak forms attested only in plural form glōfan (“gloves”)), from Proto-Germanic *galōfô (“glove”), from Proto-Germanic *ga- (“collective and associative prefix”) + Proto-Germanic *lōfô (“flat of the hand, palm”), from Proto-Indo-European *lāp-, *lēp-, *lep- (“flat”). Cognate with Scots gluve, gluive (“glove”), Icelandic glófi (“glove”). Related to Middle English lofe, lufe (“palm of the hand”). More at loof.

gloss

"glove"; weak forms attested only in plural form <i class="Latn mention" lang="ang">glōfan</i> (“gloves”)

der

Frederico had a great glove, but he couldn't hit a curveball, so he never broke into the pros.

(baseball, figuratively) The ability to catch a hit ball.


glove

en-verb

glove (third-person singular simple present gloves, present participle gloving, simple past and past participle gloved)

gloves (present singular third-person)
gloving (participle present)
gloved (participle past)
gloved (past)

He gloved the line drive for the third out.

(baseball, transitive) To catch the ball in a baseball mitt.

(cricket) To touch (a delivery) with one's glove while the gloved hand is on the bat. Under the rules of cricket, the batsman is deemed to have hit the ball.


boundary

From bound + -ary, Old French, from Latin.

(cricket) an edge or line marking an edge of the playing field

(cricket) an event whereby the ball is struck and either touches or passes over a boundary (with or without bouncing), usually resulting in an award of 4 (four) or 6 (six) runs respectively for the batting team


IM

en-noun

IM (countable and uncountable, plural IMs)

"When I first joined ACAC (Ames Cyclones Aquatics Club), we were swimming together in a lane and I ended up going behind her," Hala said. "We were doing IM (individual medley) in warm-up and I was on her feet and I was like I'm an IMer, can I go ahead of you? She told me no."

2021 August 11, Joe Randleman, “Magnificent Meghan: Donald ready to defend state swimming titles for Ames High”, in Ames Tribune:

individual medley
individual medley#English

(swimming) Initialism of individual medley.


epee

epees (plural)
épee (alternative)
épée (alternative)

Borrowed from French épée, from Latin spatha, from Ancient Greek σπάθη (spáthē). Doublet of spatha, spathe, and spade.

(fencing) A sharp-pointed dueling sword with a bell-shaped guard, used (with the end blunted) in sport fencing.


judoka

/d͡ʒuːˈdəʊkə/

(judo) A practitioner of the Japanese martial art of judo.


googly

Unknown; perhaps derived from googie (“an egg, in reference to the unusual direction of bounce”). Though the delivery was perfected and made famous by English cricketer Bernard Bosanquet, circa 1900, the term is recorded earlier in Australian English (1896).

To go the whole round of bowlers before, again putting, on either Copplestone or B. Goodwin was a mistake, I thought, and equally so were Molyneau's repeated attempts at bowling slow "googlies."

1896 November 28, The Independent, Foostcray, Vic, page 3, column 3:

Pelham Warner says Bosanquet is really invaluable. He can bowl as badly as anyone in the world, but when he gets a length those slow googlies, as the Australian players call them, are apt to paralyse the greatest players.

1904 March 9, The Otago Witness, Otago, page 52:

(cricket) A ball, bowled by a leg-break bowler, that spins from off to leg (to a right-handed batsman), unlike a normal leg-break delivery.


Olyroos

(soccer) The Australian Olympic soccer team.


grapevine

grapevines (plural)
grape vine (alternative)
grape-vine (alternative)

(skating) A move in which the feet are alternately placed in front of each other, while both remaining on the ice or ground, incorporating half-turns.


grapevine

en-verb

grapevine (third-person singular simple present grapevines, present participle grapevining, simple past and past participle grapevined)

grapevines (present singular third-person)
grapevining (participle present)
grapevined (participle past)
grapevined (past)
grape vine (alternative)
grape-vine (alternative)

From the top he grapevined his leg around Tibbits' leg and planted his elbow in his opponent's opposite side.

2007, Steve Wolfe, Call Us Champions: More Alaska Wrestling Stories:

The Low Mount is the position where your hips are tight to your opponent's and your legs are usually grapevined or locked underneath his.

2008, Saulo Ribeiro, Jiu-Jitsu University:

So now she's grapevined me, I can't straighten my legs, which means I can't generate the momentum I need to bridge.

2022, David Young, Sean Black, The Ground Is My Ocean:

(transitive, wrestling) To restrain in a leglock.


(sports, snowboarding, skiing) Clipping of 1620. (1620° spin)


(sports, snowboarding, skiing) Clipping of 1800. (1800° spin)


creator

creators (plural)
creatour (alternative)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-creator.wav

From Middle English creatour, from Old French creator, creatur, creatour, from Latin creātor, agent noun from perfect passive participle creātus (“created”), from verb creō (“I create”) + agent suffix -or. Mostly displaced native Old English wyrhta (modern English wright).

Hernández is not a creator and suffered from a lack of service in previous seasons.

2019 July 3, Andrea Canales, Jonathan Tannenwald, “Pulisic, McKennie show plenty of promise for U.S. in Gold Cup”, in The Philadelphia Inquirer:

There have been times this season when it seemed Liverpool were trying to reinvent Salah, the scorer supreme, as a creator and this was a sudden reminder of his greatest strength.

2022 October 13, Richard Jolly, “Record-breaker Mohamed Salah delivers timely reminder of his greatest strength ahead of clash with champions”, in Independent.ie:

As such, when Doncic was on the court, Brunson was a secondary facilitator and more of a finisher than a creator.

2022 October 19, Andre Snellings, “Fantasy basketball: Why Jalen Brunson can be even better in New York”, in ESPN:

(sports) A player who creates opportunities for their team to score goals; a playmaker.


swish

en-noun

swish (countable and uncountable, plural swishes)

(basketball) A successful basketball shot that does not touch the rim or backboard.

xuá

(cricket) A rapid or careless attacking stroke by the batter.


swish

en-verb

swish (third-person singular simple present swishes, present participle swishing, simple past and past participle swished)

swishes (present singular third-person)
swishing (participle present)
swished (participle past)
swished (past)

(basketball) To make a successful basketball shot that does not touch the rim or backboard.


garbage

From late Middle English garbage (“the offal of a fowl, giblets, kitchen waste”, originally “refuse, what is purged away”), from Anglo-Norman, from Old French garber (“to refine, make neat or clean”), of Germanic origin, from Frankish *garwijan (“to make ready”).
Akin to Old High German garawan (“to prepare, make ready”), Old English ġearwian (“to make ready, adorn”). More at garb, yare, gear

cog

Yet, even without the three second rule, where your big man could camp underneath and take those delightful “garbage” shots, there was little or no pivot offense, no cutting off the bucket.

[…] the aging pro, in a much-heralded "boys against the girls" tennis match, annihilated Margaret Court with an array of "garbage shots and cotton balls."

1981, Update 1981: The Great Contemporary Issues, New York Times Company, page 78:

(sports, slang, Canada, US, attributive) An easy shot.


pine

en-noun

pine (countable and uncountable, plural pines)

From Middle English pyne, from Latin pīnus, from Proto-Indo-European *peyH- (“sap, juice”). Cognate with Sanskrit पितु (pitu, “sap, juice, resin”). Doublet of pinus. Related to fat.

cog

[…] rather than languish on the pine in Miami.

2013, Sam Zygner, The Forgotten Marlins, page 287:

Take off your gear and hit the pine. And don't take your time. You understand me, boy?

2019, Martin Copeland, The Boys from Dogtown:

(sports, uncountable, colloquial) The bench, where players sit when not playing.


snorkel

Borrowed from German Schnorchel (“(submarine) snorkel”), related to schnarchen (“to snore”). Thus named because of the submarine snorkel's functional similarity to a nose and because of its noise when in use. The anglicized spelling was first recorded in 1945. See, for example, Mark S. Watson, "New Epoch in Sea War", The Baltimore Sun, December 31, 1945, p. 8: "The Germans' earlier quest of the last important objective, it will be remembered, had produced the Snorkel, a long exhaust tube whose vent reached above water and permitted a submerged vessel to discharge its Diesel fumes in open air."

bor

(underwater diving) A hollow tube, held in the mouth, or mounted on and opening into a diving mask, used by swimmers for breathing underwater.

тру́бка

hollow tube used for breathing underwater


nursery

en-noun

nursery (countable and uncountable, plural nurseries)

Carolina Stanley
Fritz von Uhde
Kunsthalle Hamburg
María Eugenia Vidal

From Middle English noricerie, norserye (“children's nursery; state of being fostered or nursed; education, upbringing”) [and other forms], from Old French norricerie, nourricerie, from norrice, nourrice (modern French nourrice (“childminder, nanny; wet nurse”)) + -erie (suffix forming feminine nouns). Norrice and nourrice are derived from Late Latin nūtrīcia (“wet nurse”), from Latin nūtrīcius (“that nurses or suckles; nourishing”), from nūtriō (“to breastfeed, nurse, suckle”), possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)neh₂- (“to flow”). The English word may be analysed as nourice, nurse + -ery (suffix forming nouns meaning ‘place of’).

refn

From the collection of the Kunsthalle Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.

nb...

norceri, norcerie, norcery, norcerye, norisri, norisrie, norisserie, norisserye, norserie, norserye, norsheri, norshery, norysrye, nursery

де́тска я́сла

place where nursing or the raising of children is carried out

разса́дник

(countable, also figuratively) A place where anything is fostered and growth promoted.

(sports) A club or team for developing the skills of young players.

(countable, billiards) Short for nursery cannon (“a carom shot involving balls that are very close together”).


hanging

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

nonlemma

hanging breaking ball

hanging slider

(baseball, slang, of an off-speed pitch) Hittable; poorly executed by the pitcher, hence relatively easy to hit.


load

en-verb

load (third-person singular simple present loads, present participle loading, simple past loaded, past participle loaded or (archaic) loaden)

loads (present singular third-person)
loading (participle present)
loaded (past)
loaded (participle past)
loaden (archaic participle past)

The sense of “burden” first arose in the 13th century as a secondary meaning of Middle English lode, loade, which had the main significance of “way, course, journey”, from Old English lād (“course, journey; way, street, waterway; leading, carrying; maintenance, support”) (ultimately from Proto-Germanic *laidō (“leading, way”), Proto-Indo-European *leyt- (“to go, go forth, die”).
Cognate with Middle Low German leide (“entourage, escort”), German Leite (“line, course, load”), Swedish led (“way, trail, line”), Icelandic leið (“way, course, route”)). As such, load is a doublet of lode, which has preserved the older meaning.
Most likely, the semantic extension of the Middle English substantive arose by conflation with the (etymologically unrelated) verb lade; however, Middle English lode occurs only as a substantive; the transitive verb load (“to charge with a load”) is recorded only in the 16th century (frequently in Shakespeare),
and (except for the participle laden) has largely supplanted lade in modern English.

cog

He walks to load the bases.

(transitive, baseball) To put runners on first, second and third bases


wishbone

(American football) A particular kind of offensive formation. See wishbone formation.


rank

en-adj

rank (comparative ranker or more rank, superlative rankest or most rank)

ranker (comparative)
more rank (comparative)
rankest (superlative)
most rank (superlative)
ranck (alternative)

From Middle English rank (“strong, proud”), from Old English ranc (“proud, haughty, arrogant, insolent, forward, overbearing, showy, ostentatious, splendid, bold, valiant, noble, brave, strong, full-grown, mature”), from Proto-West Germanic *rank, from Proto-Germanic *rankaz (“straight”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃reǵ- (“straight, direct”). Cognate with Dutch rank (“slender, slim”), Low German rank (“slender, projecting, lank”), Danish rank (“straight, erect, slender”), Swedish rank (“slender, shaky, wonky”), Icelandic rakkur (“straight, slender, bold, valiant”).

cog

If Safford happens to be driving a "rank" horse, one that insists on getting away fast, he goes along with the rest, […]

1949, The New Yorker (volume 25, part 3, page 46)

(obsolete) Strong; powerful; capable of acting or being used with great effect; energetic; vigorous; headstrong.

(horse racing) Headstrong; difficult to control.


pocket

→ Japanese: ポケット

→ Welsh: poced

From Middle English pocket (“bag, sack”), from Anglo-Norman poket, Old Northern French poquet, poquete, diminutive of poque, poke (“bag, sack”) (compare modern Norman pouquette and modern French pochette from Old French pochete, from puche), from Frankish *pokā (“pouch”), from Proto-Germanic *pukkô, *pukô (“bag; pouch”), from Proto-Indo-European *bew- (“to blow, swell”). Doublet of pochette. Cognate with Middle Dutch poke, Alemannic German Pfoch (“purse, bag”), Old English pocca, pohha (“poke, pouch, pocket, bag”), Old Norse poki (“bag, pocket”). Compare the related poke (“sack or bag”). See also Modern French pochette and Latin bucca.

der

is that a gun in your pocket or are you just pleased to see me

(sports, billiards, pool, snooker) An indention and cavity with a net sack or similar structure (into which the balls are to be struck) at each corner and one centered on each side of a pool or snooker table.

գնդապարկ

billiards: net into which balls are struck

For many years, the popular belief among NFL analysts was that the success of an NFL team comes with a quarterback who can stand tall in the pocket and deliver the ball downfield. Members of the elite group of active quarterbacks, Peyton Manning, Tom Brady and Drew Brees, for instance, also earned their reputation by making plays almost exclusively from the pocket.

2014 June 20, Gregor Bozic, "Ramblings: Classic Pocket Passers versus Mobile Quarterbacks", Football Outsiders

With some notable exceptions, NFL teams that are successful on dropbacks outside the pocket have tended to win more games

2019 Dec. 6, Josh Hermsmeyer, "Teams Are Excelling when Their QBs Leave the Pocket. Can that Continue?", FiveThirtyEight

The Pocket Area is the area between the outside edges of the normal tackle positions on each side of the center extending backward to the offensive team's end line. After the ball leaves the pocket area, this area no longer exists.

2021, Official Playing Rules of the National Football League, §26: Pocket Area

intentional grounding
intentional grounding

(American football) The area behind the line of scrimmage subject to certain rules regarding intentional grounding, illegal contact, etc., formally extending to the end zone but more usually understood as the central area around the quarterback directly protected by the offensive line.

Matt Stevens was crumpled by Euan Murray in another scrum, allowing Parks to kick for the corner, and when Richie Gray's clean take from the subsequent line-out set up a series of drives under the posts, Parks was back in the pocket to belt over a drop-goal to make it 9-3 at the interval.

2011 October 1, Tom Fordyce, “Rugby World Cup 2011: England 16-12 Scotland”, in BBC Sport:

(rugby) The position held by a second defensive middle, where an advanced middle must retreat after making a touch on the attacking middle.

(surfing) The unbroken part of a wave that offers the surfer the most power.

(bowling) The ideal point where the pins are hit by the bowling ball.


pocket

en-verb

pocket (third-person singular simple present pockets, present participle pocketing, simple past and past participle pocketed)

pockets (present singular third-person)
pocketing (participle present)
pocketed (participle past)
pocketed (past)

(billiards, snooker, pool) To cause a ball to go into one of the pockets of the table; to complete a shot.

вкарвам

to cause a ball to go into a pocket of a billiard table


shade

shade (third-person singular simple present shades, present participle shading, simple past and past participle shaded)

shades (present singular third-person)
shading (participle present)
shaded (participle past)
shaded (past)

From Middle English schaden, from the noun.

Jones will shade a little to the right on this pitch count.

(intransitive, baseball, of a defensive player) To move slightly from one's normal fielding position.


wrist

wrist (third-person singular simple present wrists, present participle wristing, simple past and past participle wristed)

wrists (present singular third-person)
wristing (participle present)
wristed (participle past)
wristed (past)

From Middle English wrist, from Old English wrist, from Proto-West Germanic *wristu, from Proto-Germanic *wristuz (compare Old Frisian wrist, Low German Wrist, German Rist (“back of hand, instep, withers”), Swedish vrist), from Proto-Germanic *wrīþaną (“to twist, turn”). More at writhe.


support

en-noun

support (countable and uncountable, plural supports)

From Middle English support, from Anglo-Norman and Middle French support. Displaced Old English wraþu.

non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger

Dip down as far as you are able, aiming to descend to the bottom of your sternum. Press back up to a support.

2008, Christopher Sommer, Building the Gymnastic Body, the Science of Gymnastic Strength Training, page 88:

support position
support position#English

(gymnastics) Clipping of support position.


venue

From Middle English venu, from Old French venue, the feminine singular past participle of the verb venir (to come). Doublet of veny.

local

place, especially the one where a given event is to happen

With such focus from within the footballing community this week on Remembrance Sunday, there was something appropriate about Colchester being the venue for last night’s game. Troops from the garrison town formed a guard of honour for both sets of players, who emerged for the national anthem with poppies proudly stitched into their tracksuit jackets.

2011 November 10, Jeremy Wilson, “England Under 21 5 Iceland Under 21 0: match report”, in Telegraph:

(sports) A stadium or similar building in which a sporting competition is held.


tag

From Middle English tagge (“small piece hanging from a garment”), probably of North Germanic origin. Compare Norwegian tagg (“point; prong; barb; tag”), Swedish tagg (“thorn; prickle; tine”), Icelandic tág (“a willow-twig”). Compare also tack.

cog

The tag was applied at second for the final out.

(heading) Involving being tagged physically.

(baseball) An instance of touching the baserunner with the ball or the ball in a gloved hand to rule him "out."

polttaminen

baseball: instance of touching the baserunner with the ball to rule him "out"


tag

en-verb

tag (third-person singular simple present tags, present participle tagging, simple past and past participle tagged)

tags (present singular third-person)
tagging (participle present)
tagged (participle past)
tagged (past)

He really tagged that ball.

(transitive, baseball, colloquial) To hit the ball hard.

He tagged the runner for the out.

(transitive, baseball) To put a runner out by touching them with the ball or the ball in a gloved hand.


amphibious

From Ancient Greek ἀμφίβιος (amphíbios), from ἀμφί (amphí) + βίος (bíos, “life”).


ill

en-adj

ill (comparative iller or more ill, superlative illest or most ill)

iller (comparative)
more ill (comparative)
illest (superlative)
most ill (superlative)

fine

antonym(s) of “suffering from a disease”

From Middle English ille (“evil; wicked”), from Old Norse illr (adj), illa (adverb), ilt (noun) (whence Icelandic illur, Norwegian ille, Danish ilde), from Proto-Germanic *ilhilaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁elḱ- (whence Latin ulcus (“sore”), Ancient Greek ἕλκος (hélkos, “wound, ulcer”), Sanskrit अर्शस् (árśas, “hemorrhoids”).

cog

it's an ill bird that fouls its own nest

it's an ill wind that blows nobody any good

it's an ill wind that blows no one any good

Biggie Smalls is the illest / Your style is played out, like Arnold wonderin "Whatchu talkin bout, Willis?"

1994, Biggie Smalls (lyrics and music), “The What”:

(slang, chiefly hip-hop) Sublime, with the connotation of being so in a singularly creative way.


tater

Representing an aphetic pronunciation of potato. Compare patater (“potato”), 'mater (“tomato”), and 'naner (“banana”).

Playing 14 seasons in the major leagues, the right-handed-batting Scott was a three-time All-Star and hit 271 home runs, or taters, as he called them.

2013 July 29, Richard Goldstein, “George Scott, Slugger Who Boomed ‘Taters’ in Fenway, Dies at 69”, in The New York Times:


silk

en-noun

silk (countable and uncountable, plural silks)

From Middle English silk, sylk, selk, selc, from Old English sioloc, seoloc, seolc (“silk”). The immediate source is uncertain; it probably reached English via the Baltic trade routes (cognates in Old Norse silki (> Danish silke, Swedish silke (“silk”)), Russian шёлк (šolk), obsolete Lithuanian zilkaĩ), all ultimately from Late Latin sēricus, from Ancient Greek σηρικός (sērikós), ultimately from an Oriental language (represented now by e.g. Chinese 絲 /丝 (sī, “silk”)). Compare Seres. Doublet of seric and serge.

you can't make a silk purse of a sow's ear

(circus arts, in the plural) A pair of long silk sheets suspended in the air on which a performer performs tricks.

(horse racing, usually in the plural) The garments worn by a jockey displaying the colors of the horse's owner.


touchdown

touchdown (countable and uncountable, plural touchdowns)

touchdowns (plural)
touch down (alternative)
touch-down (alternative)

Today I scored my first touchdown.

“I must have caught 45 or 50 touchdowns in that right corner,” he told The Baltimore Sun in 2009. “It was sloped some, a little downhill, which helped me speedwise. I wasn’t all that fast.”

2020 October 29, Richard Goldstein, “Jimmy Orr, a Favorite Target of the Colts’ Unitas, Dies at 85”, in The New York Times:

(American football, Canadian football) A six-point score occurring when the ball enters possession of a team's player in the opponent's end zone.

(rugby) A defensive action of grounding the ball in the team's own in-goal to stop the play.

A first Test try by Fergus McFadden and a Tomas O'Leary touchdown helped Ireland to a 15-12 half-time lead.

2011 February 13, Lyle Jackson, “Ireland 22-25 France”, in BBC:

(rugby) A try (scoring play of grounding the ball in the opposing team's in-goal).


boxing glove

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-boxing glove.wav

(boxing, clothing) A padded mitten, designed to protect the hand while punching, and worn in boxing.


flop

en-verb

flop (third-person singular simple present flops, present participle flopping, simple past and past participle flopped)

flops (present singular third-person)
flopping (participle present)
flopped (participle past)
flopped (past)

Recorded since 1602, probably a variant of flap with a duller, heavier sound

It starts with Chris Paul, because Blake didn't really used to flop like that, you know, last year.

While Stern chastised Vogel for on Thursday calling the Heat "the biggest flopping team in the NBA," he did intimate that he sees merit in the sentiment.

(sports, intransitive) To pretend to be fouled in sports, such as basketball, hockey (the same as to dive in soccer)


slot

From Middle English slot, from Old French esclot, likely from Old Norse slóð (“track”). As a gambling machine, via clipping of slot machine. Compare sleuth. The scheduling (calendar) sense is by a metaphor whereby the time span is equated with the segment of a page or part of a device that represents it.

(slang, surfing) The barrel or tube of a wave.

(American football) The area between the last offensive lineman on either side of the center and the wide receiver on that side.


slot

slot (third-person singular simple present slots, present participle slotting, simple past and past participle slotted)

slots (present singular third-person)
slotting (participle present)
slotted (participle past)
slotted (past)

Australian rules football
Australian rules football

(Australian rules football, rugby, informal) To kick the ball between the posts for a goal; to score a goal by doing this.


boxing

(sports) A sport where two opponents punch each other with gloved fists to head and torso; the object being to score more points by the end of the match or by knockout, or technical knockout.


kickboxing

Possibly borrowed from Japanese キックボクシング (kikkubokushingu), coined by Osamu Noguchi in 1964 from English kick + boxing.

bor+

Ex world’s champion [Georges] Carpentier was also expert at kick-boxing.

1940 August 4, Daily Telegraph, Sydney, page 2:

The Japanese kickboxing gym, recently opened in the Thai capital, had been a great success

1973 March, Black Belt magazine, page 13:

(martial arts) A hybrid martial art derived from Muay Thai, karate and especially boxing during the 1960s to 1970s; more generally, any stand-up combat sport that combines kicks and punches.


Muay Thai

(martial arts) A sport practiced in Thailand which is similar to boxing but also allows strikes with the shins, feet, elbows, and knees.


hip

en-verb

hip (third-person singular simple present hips, present participle hipping, simple past and past participle hipped)

hips (present singular third-person)
hipping (participle present)
hipped (participle past)
hipped (past)

From Middle English hipe, hupe, from Old English hype, from Proto-Germanic *hupiz (compare Dutch heup, Low German Huop, German Hüfte), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱewb- (compare Welsh cysgu (“to sleep”), Latin cubāre (“to lie”), Ancient Greek κύβος (kúbos, “hollow in the hips”), Albanian sup (“shoulder”), Sanskrit शुप्ति (śúpti, “shoulder”)), from *ḱew- (“to bend”). More at high. The sense "drug addict" derives from addicts lying on their hips while using certain drugs such as opium.

cog

(chiefly sports) To use one's hips to bump into someone.

(wrestling) To throw (one's adversary) over one's hip ("cross-buttock").


flapper

(climbing) Any injury that results in a loose flap of skin on the fingers, making gripping difficult.


formation

en-noun

formation (countable and uncountable, plural formations)

/fɔːˈmeɪʃən/

/fɔɹˈmeɪʃən/

/foːˈmæɪʃən/

From Middle English formacioun, formation, borrowed from Old French formacion, from Latin fōrmātiō, from fōrmō (“form”, verb); see form as verb.
Morphologically form + -ation

N'Golo Kanté embodies both sides of this, a player whose early scratchiness was soothed with glorious results in the new 3-4-3 formation, allowed simply to be his best, most wonderfully mobile, diligent, destructive self.

2017 May 13, Barney Ronay, “Antonio Conte’s brilliance has turned Chelsea’s pop-up team into champions”, in the Guardian:

(sports) An arrangement of players designed to facilitate certain plays.


rack

From Middle English rakke, rekke, from Middle Dutch rac, recke, rec (Dutch rek), see rekken.

(billiards, snooker) A hollow triangle used for aligning the balls at the start of a game.

rappel rack

abseil rack

(climbing, caving) A friction device for abseiling, consisting of a frame with five or more metal bars, around which the rope is threaded.

I used almost a full rack on the second pitch.

(climbing, slang) A climber's set of equipment for setting up protection and belays, consisting of runners, slings, carabiners, nuts, Friends, etc.


rack

en-verb

rack (third-person singular simple present racks, present participle racking, simple past and past participle racked)

racks (present singular third-person)
racking (participle present)
racked (participle past)
racked (past)
rack (infinitive)

From Old English reċċan (“to stretch out, extend”).

inh

(billiards, snooker, pool) To put the balls into the triangular rack and set them in place on the table.


blast

en-noun

blast (countable and uncountable, plural blasts)

→ Irish: bleaist

From Middle English blast, blest, from Old English blǣst (“blowing, blast”), from Proto-West Germanic *blāstu, from Proto-Germanic *blēstuz (“blowing, blast”).
Cognate with West Frisian blast (“blast”), dialectal Dutch blast (“stubborn intent, drumming”), obsolete German Blast (“wind, blowing”), German blasen (“to blow”), Dutch blazen (“to blow”), Danish blæst (“wind”), French blaser (“to blunt, dull”). More at blow.

cog

Coordinate term: cruise

blast and cruise

(bodybuilding, slang) A period of full dosage of PEDs as opposed to a period of reduced intake.


blast

en-verb

blast (third-person singular simple present blasts, present participle blasting, simple past and past participle blasted)

blasts (present singular third-person)
blasting (participle present)
blasted (participle past)
blasted (past)

⇒ Italian: blastare

From Middle English blasten, blesten, from Old English blǣstan (“to blow, blast”), from Proto-West Germanic *blēstijan, from Proto-Germanic *blēstijaną. Possibly related to Middle High German blesten (“to stand out, plop, splash”).

noncog

A Ricketts and Stuart Holden one-two around the box then created a decent chance for an almost instant equaliser - but Welsh full-back Ricketts blasted over when a calmer finish could have been rewarded.

2010 December 29, Chris Whyatt, “Chelsea 1 - 0 Bolton”, in BBC:

(soccer) To shoot; kick the ball in hope of scoring a goal.

Coordinate term: cruise

blast and cruise

(bodybuilding, slang) To have a period of full dosage of PEDs as opposed to reducing them during a cruise period.


ninja

Enter the Ninja
Eric Van Lustbader
Hokusai Manga
Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles
ninja

A romanized borrowing of Japanese 忍者 (ninja), popularized within Japanese by manga after World War II and in English by Eric Van Lustbader's 1980 novel The Ninja and the 1981 movie Enter the Ninja, of uncertain derivation but with an underlying sense of secret or hidden person.
The “Mongolian miner” sense arose from the supposed resemblance of the bowls used to wash ore with mercury to the shells of the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles.
The Juggalo slang sense arose via influence from AAVE nigga.

The men... are now learning to be ninja or ‘stealers-in’.

1964, Ian Fleming, You Only Live Twice, page 126:

Spies prowled Japan from the seventh century, but the secretive ninja left few written records.

(martial arts) A person trained in ninjutsu, especially (historical) one used for espionage, assassination, and other tasks requiring stealth during Japan's shogunate period.


smash

en-noun

smash (countable and uncountable, plural smashes)

→ Czech: smeč

→ Serbo-Croatian: smeč

→ Turkish: smaç

From a blend of smack + mash. Compare Swedish smask (“to smack with the lips”), dialectal Swedish smaska (“to smack, kiss”), Danish smaske (“to smack with the lips”), Low German smaksen (“to smack with the lips, kiss”).

cog

A smash may not be as pretty as a good half volley, but it can still win points.

A Nadal forehand into the net gave Djokovic the set and the Spaniard appeared rattled, firing a smash over the baseline in a rare moment of promise at 30-30 at the start of the third.

2011 July 3, Piers Newbury, “Wimbledon 2011: Novak Djokovic beats Rafael Nadal in final”, in BBC Sport:

(tennis) A very hard overhead shot hit sharply downward.


ultimate

en-noun

ultimate (countable and uncountable, plural ultimates)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-ultimate.wav

* From Medieval Latin ultimātus (“furthest, last”), past participle of Latin ultimō, ultimāre (“to come to an end”), from ultimus (“last, final”). See ultra-.
* (ultimate frisbee): The sport was renamed to avoid the use of the Frisbee trademark.

der

ultimate frisbee
ultimate frisbee#English

(uncountable, sports) Ellipsis of ultimate frisbee/ultimate disc.


through

From Middle English thrugh, thruch, thruh, metathetic variants of thurgh, thurh, from Old English þurh, from Proto-Germanic *þurhw (“through”), from Proto-Indo-European *tr̥h₂kʷe, suffixed zero-grade from *terh₂- (“to pass through”) + *-kʷe (“and”). Cognate with Scots throch (“through”), West Frisian troch (“through”), German durch (“through”), Dutch door (“through”), Gothic 𐌸𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌷 (þairh, “through”), Latin trans (“across, over, through”), Albanian tërthor (“through, around”), Welsh tra (“through”). See also thorough.

thoo (alternative)
thorough (alternative)
thorow (alternative)
thorugh (alternative)
thro' (alternative)
throughe (alternative)
thru (alternative)
thrue (alternative)

With the Swifts calling for offside the striker was through and only a great save from McIlravey prevented the opener.

2015, Steve Grossi, SWFL1: Missed Chances See Swifts Relinquish Top Spot:

(soccer) In possession of the ball beyond the last line of defence but not necessarily the goalkeeper; through on goal.


soft

en-noun

soft (countable and uncountable, plural softs)

From Middle English softe, from Old English sōfte, alteration of earlier sēfte (“soft”), from Proto-West Germanic *samft(ī) (“level, even, smooth, soft, gentle”) (compare *sōmiz (“agreeable, fitting”)), from Proto-Indo-European *semptio-, *semtio-, from *sem- (“one, whole”). Cognate with West Frisian sêft (“gentle; soft”), Dutch zacht (“soft”), German Low German sacht (“soft”), German sanft (“soft, yielding”), Old Norse sœmr (“agreeable, fitting”), samr (“same”). More at seem, same.

inh

(countable, motor racing) Ellipsis of soft tyre. (A tyre whose compound is softer than mediums, and harder than supersofts.)


postage stamp

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-postage stamp.wav

[…] got in on the act himself, firing in an unstoppable shot that arced into the postage stamp top corner of Andy Goram's goal.

2011, Alistair Aird, Ally McCoist - Rangers Legend:

(soccer, slang) The upper left- or right-hand corner of the goal.