meteor

From Middle French météore, from Old French, from Latin meteorum, from Ancient Greek μετέωρον (metéōron), from μετέωρος (metéōros, “raised from the ground, hanging, lofty”), from μετά (metá, “in the midst of, among, between”) (English meta) + ἀείρω (aeírō, “to lift, to heave, to raise up”).
The original sense of “atmospheric phenomenon” gave rise to meteorology, but the meaning of "meteor" is now restricted to extraterrestrial objects burning up as they enter the atmosphere.

(juggling) A prop similar to poi balls, in that it is twirled at the end of a cord or cable.

(martial arts) A striking weapon resembling a track and field hammer consisting of a weight swung at the end of a cable or chain.


v.

Brown v. Board of Education


butt

From Middle English but, butte (“goal, mark, butt of land”), from Old English byt, bytt (“small piece of land”) and *butt (attested in diminutive Old English buttuc (“end, small piece of land”) > English buttock), from Proto-West Germanic *butt, from Proto-Germanic *buttaz (“end, piece”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰudʰnós (“bottom”), later thematic variant of Proto-Indo-European *bʰudʰmḗn ~ *bʰudʰn-, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ- (“deep”). Cognate with Norwegian butt (“stump, block”), Icelandic bútur (“piece, fragment”), Low German butt (“blunt, clumsy”). Influenced by Old French but, butte (“but, mark”), ultimately from the same Germanic source. Compare also Albanian bythë (“buttocks”), Ancient Greek πυθμήν (puthmḗn, “bottom of vessel”), Latin fundus (“bottom”) and Sanskrit बुध्न (budhná, “bottom”), from the same Proto-Indo-European root. Related to bottom, boot.
 PIE word
 *bʰudʰmḗn.

приклад

larger or thicker end of anything; blunt end

perä

end of something, often distinguished from other end

(countable, generally) An end of something, often distinguished in some way from the other end.

(lacrosse) The plastic or rubber cap used to cover the open end of a lacrosse stick's shaft in order to reduce injury.


tierce

From Old French tierce, from Latin tertia.

[W]e behold two men with lion-look, with alert attitude, side foremost, right foot advanced; flourishing and thrusting, stoccado and passado, in tierce and quart; intent to skewer one another.

1837, Thomas Carlyle, The French Revolution: A History […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), London: Chapman and Hall, →OCLC, (please specify the book or page number):

(fencing) The third defensive position, with the sword hand held at waist height, and the tip of the sword at head height.


barrel

From Middle English barel, from Anglo-Norman baril, Old French baril, bareil (“barrel”), of uncertain origin. An attempt to link baril to Old French barre (“bar, bolt”) (compare Medieval Latin barra (“bar, rod”)) via assumed Vulgar Latin *barrīculum meets the phonological requirement, but fails to connect the word semantically. The alternative connection to Frankish *baril, *beril or Gothic *𐌱𐌴𐍂𐌹𐌻𐍃 (*bērils, “container for transport”), from Proto-Germanic *barilaz, *bērilaz (“barrel, jug, container”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer- (“to carry, transport”), is more plausible as it connects not only the form of the word but also the sense; equivalent to bear + -le. Compare also Old High German biril (“jug, large pot”), Luxembourgish Bärel, Bierel (“jug, pot”), Old Norse berill (“barrel for liquids”), Old English byrla (“barrel of a horse, trunk, body”). More at bear.

vat

round vessel made from staves bound with a hoop

(surfing) A wave that breaks with a hollow compartment.

tynnyri

surfing: wave that breaks with a hollow compartment

For quotations using this term, see Citations:barrel.

(baseball) A statistic derived from launch angle and exit velocity of a ball hit in play.


hurdle

→ Japanese: ハードル (hādoru)

From Middle English hurdel, hirdel, herdel, hyrdel, from Old English hyrdel (“frame of intertwined twigs used as a temporary barrier”), diminutive of *hyrd, from Proto-Germanic *hurdiz, from Pre-Germanic *kr̥h₂tis, from Proto-Indo-European *kreh₂-. Cognate with Dutch horde, German Hürde.

inh

He ran in the 100 metres hurdles.

(athletics, equestrianism) An artificial barrier, variously constructed, over which athletes or horses jump in a race.

حَاجِز

artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race


clout

en-noun

clout (countable and uncountable, plural clouts)

From Middle English clout, from Old English clūt, from Proto-Germanic *klūtaz, from Proto-Indo-European *gelewdos, from Proto-Indo-European *gel- (“to ball up, amass”). The sense “influence, especially political” originated in the dialect of Chicago, but has become widespread.
cognates and related terms
Cognate with Old Norse klútr (“kerchief”), Swedish klut, Danish klud, Middle High German klōz (“lump”), whence German Kloß, and dialect Russian глуда (gluda). See also cleat.

der

'... allowed Boston to score all of its runs on homers, including a pair of clouts by Jacoby Ellsbury ...'

2011 August 17, Michael Vega, “Triple double”, in The Boston Globe, page C1:

For kings are clouts that euery man ſhoots at,
Our Crowne the pin that thouſands ſeeke to cleaue.

c. 1587–1588, [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], 2nd edition, part 1, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire, London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act II, scene iv:

A’ must shoot nearer or he’ll ne’er hit the clout.

c. 1595–1596 (date written), William Shakespeare, “Loues Labour’s Lost”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene i]:

(archery) The center of the butt at which archers shoot; probably once a piece of white cloth or a nail head.


roll

en-verb

roll (third-person singular simple present rolls, present participle rolling, simple past and past participle rolled)

rolls (present singular third-person)
rolling (participle present)
rolled (participle past)
rolled (past)

From Middle English rollen, partly from Old French roller, roler, röeler, röoler, from Medieval Latin rotulāre (“to roll; to revolve”), from Latin rotula (“a little wheel”), diminutive of rota (“a wheel”); partly from Anglo-Latin rollāre, from the same ultimate source.

rol

to cause something to revolve by turning over and over

rol

to move, or cause to be moved, upon rollers or small wheels

So it was against the run of play that their London rivals took the lead two minutes before the interval through Drogba. He rolled William Gallas inside the area before flashing a stunning finish high past keeper Carlo Cudicini.

2012 April 15, Phil McNulty, “Tottenham 1-5 Chelsea”, in BBC:

Rolled far too easily by Marc-Antoine Fortuné, Demichelis compounded his error by standing on the striker's foot. In the absence of the injured Watson, Gómez converted the penalty.

2014 March 9, Jacob Steinberg, “Wigan shock Manchester City in FA Cup again to reach semi-finals”, in The Guardian:

(transitive, soccer) To slip past (a defender) with the ball.

(transitive, martial arts) To engage in sparring in the context of jujitsu or other grappling disciplines.


charge

en-noun

charge (countable and uncountable, plural charges)

From Middle English chargen, from Old French chargier, from Late Latin carricō (“to load”), from Latin carrus (“a car, wagon”); see car. Doublet of cargo.

(basketball) An offensive foul in which the player with the ball moves into a stationary defender.

(farriery) A sort of plaster or ointment.


charge

en-verb

charge (third-person singular simple present charges, present participle charging, simple past and past participle charged)

charges (present singular third-person)
charging (participle present)
charged (participle past)
charged (past)

desc

→ Cantonese: 叉廚 /叉厨 (caa¹ cyu⁴), 叉 (caa¹)

→ Kashubian: czardżowac (United States)

→ Malay: caj, cas

→ Swahili: chaji

yükləmək

to place a burden upon, to assign a duty

yükləmək

to load equipment with material required for its use

(intransitive) To move forward quickly and forcefully, particularly in combat and/or on horseback.

(cricket, of a batsman) To take a few steps down the pitch towards the bowler as they deliver the ball, either to disrupt the length of the delivery, or to get into a better position to hit the ball.

charger

cricket: to take a few steps down the pitch towards the bowler as he delivers the ball


porter

en-noun

porter (countable and uncountable, plural porters)

→ Irish: pórtar

From Middle English porter, portere, portare, borrowed from Anglo-Norman portour and Old French portier, from Late Latin portarius (“gatekeeper”), from Latin porta (“gate”).

non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger

(countable, bowling) An employee who clears and cleans tables and puts bowling balls away.


chimney

en-verb

chimney (third-person singular simple present chimneys, present participle chimneying, simple past and past participle chimneyed)

chimneys (present singular third-person)
chimneying (participle present)
chimneyed (participle past)
chimneyed (past)
chimley (alternative)
chimbley (alternative)

From Middle English chymeney, chymney, chymne, from Old French cheminee, from Late Latin camīnāta, from Latin camīnus, from Ancient Greek κάμῑνος (kámīnos, “furnace”). Doublet of chimenea.

der

(climbing) To negotiate a chimney (narrow vertical cave passage) by pushing against the sides with back, feet, hands, etc.


cleaver

From Middle English clevere, equivalent to cleave + -er.

(rowing) A type of oar blade with an asymmetric, mostly rectangular shape that resembles a cleaving knife.


strand

en-verb

strand (third-person singular simple present strands, present participle stranding, simple past and past participle stranded)

strands (present singular third-person)
stranding (participle present)
stranded (participle past)
stranded (past)

* From Middle English strand, strond, from Old English strand (“strand, sea-shore, shore”), from Proto-West Germanic *strand, from Proto-Germanic *strandō (“edge, rim, shore”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)trAnt- (“strand, border, field”), from Proto-Indo-European *ster- (“to broaden, spread out”). Cognate with West Frisian strân, Dutch strand, German Strand, Danish strand, Swedish strand, Norwegian Bokmål strand, Icelandic strönd.
* (street): Perhaps from the similarity of shape.

der

Jones pops up; that's going to strand a pair.

(transitive, baseball) To cause the third out of an inning to be made, leaving a runner on base.


jail

en-noun

jail (countable and uncountable, plural jails)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: जेल (jel)

Urdu: جیل (jel)

→ Punjabi: ਜੇਲ੍ਹ (jelh)

→ Welsh: jêl, jael

From Middle English gayole, gaylle, gaille, gayle, gaile, from Old French gaiole, gayolle, gaole, from Medieval Latin gabiola, from Late Latin caveola (“small cage, cell”), a diminutive of Latin cavea (“cavity, coop, cage”). Doublet of caveola and related to cage. More at cajole.
Displaced native Middle English quartern (“prison, jail, cell”) from Old English cweartern (“jail, prison”); Middle English carcern (“jail, prison”) from Old English carcern (“prison, correctional facility”); Middle English lok (“jail, prison”) from Old English loc (“enclosure, pen; jail, prison”).
Compare also Old English heaþor (“jail, confinement”), Old English heolstorloca (“prison, jail cell”), Old English clūstorloc (“jail, prison”), Old English dung (“jail, prison, dungeon”), Old English hlinræced (“jail”), Old English nierwþ (“jail”), Old English nīedcleofa (“jail”), Old English hearmloca (“jail”), Old English nearu (“jail, confinement”).

ncog

(horse racing, uncountable) The condition created by the requirement that a horse claimed in a claiming race not be run at another track for some period of time (usually 30 days).

horse racing: condition of not being able to run at another track for some period of time

väliaikainen kilpailurajoitus myynnin jälkeen


knock out of the box

en-verb

knock out of the box (third-person singular simple present knocks out of the box, present participle knocking out of the box, simple past and past participle knocked out of the box)

knocks out of the box (present singular third-person)
knocking out of the box (participle present)
knocked out of the box (participle past)
knocked out of the box (past)

(baseball) To cause a pitcher to be replaced by heavy hitting.


stripe

From Middle English stripe, strype, from Middle Dutch or Middle Low German strîpe, from Proto-West Germanic *strīpā, *strīpō, from Proto-Germanic *strīpô. Cognate with Saterland Frisian Striepe (“stripe, strip”), West Frisian stripe (“stripe”), Dutch streep (“stripe”), German Low German Striepe, Striep, Streep (“stripe”), German Streifen (“stripe, strip, band”), Danish stribe (“stripe”).

cog

(motor racing, slang) The start/finish line.


stretch

→ Esperanto: streĉi

→ Finnish: stretch-

→ French: stretch

From Middle English strecchen, from Old English streċċan (“to stretch, hold out, extend, spread out, prostrate”), from Proto-West Germanic *strakkjan (“to stretch, make taut or tight”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)treg-, *streg-, *treg- (“stiff, rigid”). Cognate with West Frisian strekke, Dutch strekken (“to stretch, straighten”), German strecken (“to stretch, straighten, elongate”), Danish strække (“to stretch”), Swedish sträcka (“to stretch”), Dutch strak (“taut, tight”), Albanian shtriqem (“to stretch”). More at stark.

cog

time stretch analog-to-digital converter

(baseball) A quick pitching delivery used when runners are on base where the pitcher slides his leg instead of lifting it.

(baseball) A long reach in the direction of the ball with a foot remaining on the base by a first baseman in order to catch the ball sooner.

(horse racing) The homestretch, the final straight section of the track leading to the finish.

The '42 Cardinals are best known for their amazing stretch run. St. Louis won 43 of their last 51 games and came back from a double-digit deficit in games in early August to edge out the Dodgers for the N.L. flag.

2000, Rob Neyer, Eddie Epstein, GBaseball Dynasties: The Greatet Teams of All Time, page 179:

(sports) The period of the season between the trade deadline and the beginning of the playoffs.


gimme

Don't count two strokes for that — it was a gimme: if I wasn't holding the flag with my other hand for the next players waiting for the hole, it would have gone in.

(colloquial) That which is easy to perform or obtain, especially in sports.

(golf) A tap-in putt, usually a couple inches from the cup.


bounce

en-verb

bounce (third-person singular simple present bounces, present participle bouncing, simple past and past participle bounced)

bounces (present singular third-person)
bouncing (participle present)
bounced (participle past)
bounced (past)

From Middle English bounsen, bunsen (“to beat, thump”), cognate with Scots bunce, bonce (“to bounce”). Of uncertain origin. Perhaps imitative, related to bump, or related to Middle English bonchen (“to pound, beat”) and Dutch bonken (“to bump”).
Compare Saterland Frisian bumzje (“to pound, bang, bounce”), West Frisian bûnzje (“to throb, bounce, pulsate”), Dutch bonzen (“to thump, knock, throb, bounce”), German Low German bunsen, bumsen (“to beat, bounce”), German bumsen (“to thud, bang, pound”).

unc

uncertain

onomatopoeic

imitative

cog

After the mid-air collision, his rig failed and he bounced.

(intransitive, skydiving) To land hard at unsurvivable velocity with fatal results.

(horse racing, slang) To race poorly after a successful race.


bounce

en-noun

bounce (countable and uncountable, plural bounces)

unc

uncertain

onomatopoeic

imitative

(horse racing, slang) The situation where a horse races poorly after a successful race.


knuckle

From Middle English knokel (“finger joint”), from Old English cnucel (“the juncture of two bones; knuckle; joint”), from Proto-West Germanic *knukil, from Proto-Germanic *knukilaz (“knuckle, knot, bump”), as *knukô (“bone, joint”) + *-ilaz (diminutive suffix). Cognate with Dutch knokkel (“knuckle”), Low German Knökel (“knuckle”), German Knöchel (“ankle, knuckle”), Old Norse knykill.

affix

(sports, billiards, snooker, pool) The curved part of the cushion at the entrance to the pockets on a cue sports table.

(skiing, snowboarding) The rounded point where a flat changes to a slope on a piste.


knuckle

en-verb

knuckle (third-person singular simple present knuckles, present participle knuckling, simple past and past participle knuckled)

knuckles (present singular third-person)
knuckling (participle present)
knuckled (participle past)
knuckled (past)

(snowboarding, skiing) To land on the knuckle (sense 9) of a curve of a slope, after a jump off a ramp that precedes the slope.


kamikaze

[ˌkʰɑmɪˈkʰɑːzɪi̯]

Borrowed from Japanese 神風(かみかぜ) (kamikaze, “divine wind”).


tight

en-adj

tight (comparative tighter, superlative tightest)

tighter (comparative)
tightest (superlative)

baggy

firmly held together; of clothing or other material

slack

antonym(s) of “well-rehearsed and accurate”

From Middle English tight, tyght, tyȝt, tiht, variants of thight, thiht, from Old English *þiht, *þīht (attested in meteþiht), from Proto-West Germanic *þį̄ht(ī), from Proto-Germanic *þinhtaz, from Proto-Indo-European *tenkt- (“dense, thick, tight”), from Proto-Indo-European *ten- (“to stretch, pull”).
Cognate with Scots ticht, West Frisian ticht, Danish tæt, Icelandic þéttur (“dense”), Norwegian tett, Swedish tät, Dutch dicht (“dense”), German dicht (“dense”).
The current form with t- /t/ rather than etymologically-expected th- /θ/ arose in Middle English under the influence of the etymologically-unrelated verbs tighten and tight.

der

The odd thing was that Sunderland made the better start and showed early signs that they might pose serious problems to the Premier League’s tightest defence.

2014 October 18, Paul Doyle, “Southampton hammer eight past hapless Sunderland in barmy encounter”, in The Guardian:

Well-rehearsed and accurate in execution.

(US, slang, motor racing) With understeer, primarily used to describe NASCAR stock cars.


target

→ Japanese: ターゲット (tāgetto)

From Middle French targette, targuete, diminutive of targe (“light shield”), from Old French, from Frankish *targa (“buckler”), akin to Old Norse targa (“small round shield”) (whence also Old English targe, targa (“shield”)) from Proto-Germanic *targǭ (“edge”), from Proto-Indo-European *derǵʰ- (“fenced lot”). Akin to Old High German zarga (“side wall, rim”) (German Zarge (“frame”)), Spanish tarjeta (“card”).

cog

He made a good target.

(sports) The pattern or arrangement of a series of hits made by a marksman on a butt or mark.

(cricket) the number of runs that the side batting last needs to score in the final innings in order to win


cannonball

From cannon + ball from being a round ball that is fired from a cannon.

The New Yorker, 30 August 2004, p.40

The cannonball could be called the S.U.V. of the pool — oversized, brash, hormonally hardwired.

(diving) The act of jumping (typically into a swimming pool) with the legs bent and the arms wrapped around the knees to create a large splash, mimicking the flight and shape of a cannonball.

bommetje

jumping with the legs bent and the arms wrapped around the knees

(tennis) A served ball that travels with great speed and describes little or no arc in flight.


dogleg

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-dogleg.wav

The noun is derived from dog + leg, referring to the shape of the hind leg of a dog. The verb is derived from the noun.

colzada

something with a sharp bend or turn in it

(also attributively) Something (such as a canyon or road) with a sharp bend or turn in it.

(golf, disc golf) A sharp bend in the fairway before reaching a hole.

colze

(golf, disc golf) sharp bend in a fairway before reaching a hole


level

en-verb

level (third-person singular simple present levels, present participle (US) leveling or levelling, simple past and past participle (US) leveled or levelled)

levels (present singular third-person)
leveling (US participle present)
levelling (participle present)
leveled (US participle past)
leveled (US past)
levelled (participle past)
levelled (past)

From Middle English level, from Old French livel, liveau m, later nivel, niveau, from Latin libella f (“a balance, a level”), diminutive of libra f (“a balance, a level”); see libra, librate. Doublet of libella and niveau.
The verb is from Middle English levelen, from the noun.

Holt was furious referee Michael Oliver refused to then award him a penalty after Ledley King appeared to pull his shirt and his anger was compounded when Spurs immediately levelled.

2012 April 9, Mandeep Sanghera, “Tottenham 1-2 Norwich”, in BBC Sport:

(intransitive, sports) To make the score of a game equal.

изравнявам

sports: to make the score of a game equal


transfer

en-noun

transfer (countable and uncountable, plural transfers)

/tɹɑːnsˈfɜː/

(sports) A person who transfers or is transferred from one club or team to another.


bracer

From Middle English bracer, from Old French braceure; equivalent to brace + -er.

To prevent the bow string from hanging on the left arm, it is covered with a piece of smooth leather, fastened on the outside of the arm, this is called a bracer.

1786, Francis Grose, A Treatise on Ancient Armour and Weapons, page 34:

(archery) A covering to protect the arm of the bowman from the vibration of the string.


Tim

(slang, soccer) A supporter of the Scottish football team Celtic F.C..


mallet

From Middle English malet, maylet, from Old French mallet, maillet (“a wooden hammer, mallet”), diminutive of mal, mail (“a hammer”), from Latin malleus (“a hammer, mall, mallet”).

der

I regularly have cause to recall a scene from a novel called Madder Music, by Peter de Vries, in which the main character, a writer who specialises in polo, hears a match announcer telling newcomers to the ground that, contrary to popular belief, the ball is struck with the side of the mallet, rather than the end.

2016 September 13, Tim Dowling, “Order force: the old grammar rule we all obey without realising”, in The Guardian:

(sports) The stick used to strike the ball in the sport of polo.


organization

en-noun

organization (countable and uncountable, plural organizations)

organizations (plural)
organisation (alternative)

/ˌɔːɡənaɪˈzeɪʃən/

/ˌɔɹɡənɪˈzeɪʃən/

/ˌɔɹɡnɪˈzeɪʃən/

/ˌɔɹɡənaɪˈzeɪʃən/

/ˌɔɹˈɡænɪzeɪʃən/

Borrowed from Middle French organisation, from Medieval Latin organizātiō; by surface analysis, organize + -ation.

bor+

Appendix:Roget MICRA thesaurus/Class V § 712. Party

Appendix:Roget MICRA thesaurus/Class V § 709. Cooperation

Appendix:Roget MICRA thesaurus/Class VI § 968. Lawyer

He's been in the Dodgers' organization since 2003.

(baseball) A major league club and all its farm teams.


flavor

en-noun

flavor (countable and uncountable, plural flavors)

From Middle English flavour meaning “smell, odour”, usually pleasing, borrowed from Old French flaour (“smell, odour”) (cfr. Sicilian ciàguru, its etymology and semantic), from Vulgar Latin *flātor (“odour, that which blows”), from Latin flātor (“blower”), from flō, flāre (“to blow, puff”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰleh₁- (“to blow”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰel- (“to make a loud noise”). Doublet of blow and bleat.

smaak

the quality produced by the sensation of taste

Who brings the flavor? / That's me, that's me / Who brings the flavor? / That's me. I got it

1993, “Bring The Flavor”, in Black Reign, performed by Queen Latifah:


scatback

(American football) A small lightweight running back valued for speed rather than power.


limit

German: Limit

From Middle English limit, from Old French limit, from Latin līmes (“a cross-path or balk between fields, hence a boundary, boundary line or wall, any path or road, border, limit”). Displaced native Old English ġemǣre. Doublet of limes.

(cycling) The first group of riders to depart in a handicap race.


pump

From Middle English pumpe, possibly from Middle Dutch pompe (“pipe, water conduit”) or Middle Low German pumpe (“pump”), probably ultimately imitative.
Compare Dutch pompen, German pumpen, and Danish pompe; also Spanish bomba (“pump”).

onomatopoeic

imitative

Want a skin-stretching pump? Up the volume by using high-rep sets.
A great pump is better than coming. (Arnold Schwarzenegger)

2010, Eric Velazquez, “Power Pairings”, in Reps!, 17:83:

(bodybuilding, climbing) A swelling of the muscles caused by increased blood flow following high intensity weightlifting.


pump

en-verb

pump (third-person singular simple present pumps, present participle pumping, simple past and past participle pumped)

pumps (present singular third-person)
pumping (participle present)
pumped (participle past)
pumped (past)

⇒ Czech: pumpovat

→ Thai: ปั๊ม (bpám)

onomatopoeic

imitative

(bodybuilding) To enlarge the body by means of weightlifting or steroid use.

Blackburn pumped long balls towards Diouf as they became increasingly desperate to salvage a point, but Wigan held on for a win that may prove crucial in their quest for Premier League survival.

2011 February 5, Michael Da Silva, “Wigan 4 - 3 Blackburn”, in BBC:

(sports) To kick, throw, or hit the ball far and high.

tykittää

sports: to kick, throw or hit the ball far and high


click

From Middle English cleken, a variant of clechen (“to grab”), perhaps from Old English *clēċan, *clǣċan, a byform of clyċċan (“to clutch”). More at clutch.

inside click; outside click; cross click


AQ

automatic qualifier
automatic qualifier#English

(American football) Initialism of automatic qualifier. Refers to the NCAA Division I FBS conferences whose champions receive automatic bids to the Bowl Championship Series.


pylon

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek πυλών (pulṓn, “gateway”).

стълб

a towerlike structure used to support high-voltage electricity cables

(American football) An orange marker designating one of the four corners of the end zone in American football.


sacker

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-sacker.wav

The ball crossed the base before he did, but it bounded between the third sacker’s feet, and score two was marked up for Hollis Creek, with nobody out!

1910, George Randolph Chester, chapter 15, in The Early Bird, Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill:

1952, Bernard Malamud, The Natural, New York: Time Reading Program, 1966, “Batter Up!” p. 56,
About forty years ago Pop was the third sacker for the old Sox when they got into their first World Series after twenty years.

2009, John H. Ritter, New York: Philomel, Chapter 35, p. 226,
Reinspired, he sprang from the dugout and ran out to second base so quickly, the Chicago second sacker, Cal McVey, was still walking in from shallow right field.

(baseball, softball, in combination) A baseman (player positioned at or near a base).

The loss of last year’s leading sacker, Kerry Hyder Jr., for the season with an Achilles injury is still problematic.

2017 August 26, Bob Wojnowski, “Wojo: Patriots hand Lions cold glimpse of reality”, in The Detroit News:

line of scrimmage
line of scrimmage#English

(American football) A player who sacks (tackles the offensive quarterback behind the line of scrimmage before he is able to throw a pass).


clay

en-noun

clay (usually uncountable, plural clays)

soul

antonym(s) of “material of the human body”

From Middle English cley, clay, from Old English clǣġ (“clay”), from Proto-West Germanic *klaij, from Proto-Germanic *klajjaz (“clay”), from Proto-Indo-European *gley- (“to glue, paste, stick together”).
Cognate with Dutch klei (“clay”), Low German Klei (“clay”), German Klei, Danish klæg (“clay”); compare Ancient Greek γλία (glía), Latin glūten (“glue”) (whence ultimately English glue), Russian глина (glina, “clay”). Related also to clag, clog.

der

The French Open is played on clay.

(tennis) A tennis court surface made of crushed stone, brick, shale, or other unbound mineral aggregate.


simulation

en-noun

simulation (countable and uncountable, plural simulations)

→ Japanese: シミュレーション (shimyurēshon)

→ Korean: 시뮬레이션 (simyulleisyeon)

First attested in 1340 as Middle English symulacioun, from Middle French simulation, from Old French simulation/simulacion, from Latin simulātiōnem, from simulō (“imitate”).
Morphologically simulate + -ion.

"Players are very good at simulation," said Premier League referee Graham Poll. "I'm not saying they do practice, but I find it hard to believe they are so good at something without practicing. We have to issue more cards because it is the only way we can stop simulation spoiling the game. It is a cancer."

2004 April 19, Ravi Ubha, “Inside Soccer: FIFA gives Cameroon short(s) shrift”, in Seattle Post-Intelligencer:

In the build-up to the second spot-kick, André Villas-Boas felt United striker Danny Welbeck had deliberately tripped over the leg of Branislav Ivanovic rather than an intentional foul being committed. "Referees have pretty clear orders on simulation, but it is difficult for them to assess the difference between simulation and fouls in those situations," he said.

2012 February 11, “AVB wants action on simulation”, in Belfast Telegraph:

(soccer) The act of falling over in order to be awarded a foul, when no foul has been committed.


octave

From Latin octavus (“eighth”). Doublet of octavo, ochava, and oitava.

Octave in the Encyclopædia Britannica (11th edition, 1911)

If they always do a lateral parry quarte, and never a semicircular octave, that gives you an opening.

2009, Ray Finkleman, (Please provide the book title or journal name):

(fencing) The eighth defensive position, with the sword hand held at waist height, and the tip of the sword out straight at knee level.


lag

lag (countable and uncountable, plural lags)

→ Finnish: lagi

→ Swedish: lagg n

(snooker) A method of deciding which player is to start. Both players simultaneously strike a cue ball from the baulk line to hit the top cushion and rebound down the table; the player whose ball finishes closest to the baulk cushion wins.


spy

From Middle English spien, aphetic variant of earlier espien (“to espy”), from Old French espier (“to spy”), from Frankish *spehōn (“to spy”), from Proto-Germanic *spehōną (“to see, look”), from Proto-Indo-European *speḱ- (“to look”). Akin to German spähen (“to spy”), Dutch spieden (“to spy”).
The noun displaced native Old English sċēawere (literally “watcher”), which was also the word for "mirror." In this sense, the verb displaced Old English sċēawian, which was also the word for "to watch" and became the Modern English word show.

ncog

(American football) A defensive player assigned to cover an offensive backfield player man-to-man when they are expected to engage in a running play, but the offensive player does not run with the ball immediately.


presentation

en-noun

presentation (countable and uncountable, plural presentations)

presentations (plural)
præsentation (alternative)

/ˌpɹɛzənˈteɪʃən/

From Old French presentation (French présentation), from Latin praesentātiōnem, accusative singular of praesentātiō (“representation, exhibition”).
Morphologically present + -ation

(fencing) Offering one's blade for engagement by the opponent.


defend

en-verb

defend (third-person singular simple present defends, present participle defending, simple past and past participle defended)

defends (present singular third-person)
defending (participle present)
defended (participle past)
defended (past)

From Middle English defenden, from Old French defendre, deffendre (Modern French défendre), from Latin dēfendō (“to ward off”), from Proto-Italic *fendō, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰen-. Displaced native Old English bewerian.

(sports) To focus one's energies and talents on preventing opponents from scoring, as opposed to focusing on scoring.

(sports) To attempt to retain a title, or attempt to reach the same stage in a competition as one did in the previous instance of that competition.


delivery

en-noun

delivery (countable and uncountable, plural deliveries)

From Middle English deliveri et al., from Anglo-Norman, from Old French delivrer.

His delivery has a catch in it.

Here is the delivery; ... strike three!

(curling) The process of throwing a stone.

The win was secured with another moment of significance four minutes from time when captain Harry Kane, who had once again struggled to influence the game, headed in from substitute Jack Grealish's perfect delivery for his first goal of Euro 2020.

2021 June 29, Phil McNulty, “England 2-0 Germany”, in BBC Sport:


prime

composite

prime element of a mathematical structure

From Middle English prime, from Old French prime and its etymon, Latin prīmus (“first”), from earlier prīsmos < *prīsemos < Proto-Italic *priisemos, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *per- (“beyond, before”). Doublet of primo and primus.
The noun sense "apostrophe-like symbol" originates from the fact that the symbol ′ was originally a superscript Roman numeral one.

der

(fencing) The first defensive position, with the sword hand held at head height, and the tip of the sword at head height.


prime

From French prime (“reward, prize, bonus”).

Most primes are won with gaps on the field; most sprints are in bunches.

1997, Arnie Baker, Smart Cycling: Successful Training and Racing for Riders of All Levels:

(cycling) An intermediate sprint within a race, usually offering a prize and/or points.


goofy

From the way the Disney character Goofy was first depicted surfing, with right foot forward.

(surfing, snowboarding) Riding with the right foot forward.


goofy

(surfing, snowboarding) One who rides with the right foot forward.


return

en-verb

return (third-person singular simple present returns, present participle returning, simple past and past participle returned)

returns (present singular third-person)
returning (participle present)
returned (participle past)
returned (past)
returne (alternative)
retvrn (alternative)

From Middle English returnen, retornen, from Anglo-Norman returner, from Old French retourner, retorner, from Medieval Latin retornare (“to turn back”), from re- + tornare (“to turn”). Compare beturn.

der

The player couldn't return the serve because it was so fast.

(tennis) To bat the ball back over the net in response to a serve.

връщам

tennis: to bat the ball back over the net in response to a serve

(cricket) To throw a ball back to the wicket-keeper (or a fielder at that position) from somewhere in the field.

palauttaa

cricket: to throw a ball back to the wicket-keeper

(fencing) To give a thrust or cut after parrying a sword-thrust.


return

en-noun

return (countable and uncountable, plural returns)

returns (plural)
returne (alternative)
retvrn (alternative)

(American football) The act of catching a ball after a punt and running it back towards the opposing team.

(cricket) A throw from a fielder to the wicket-keeper or to another fielder at the wicket.


speedball

speedball (countable and uncountable, plural speedballs)

speedballs (plural)
speed ball (alternative)
speed-ball (alternative)

(uncountable, sports) A competitive variant of paintball with an equal playing field, contrasted with woodsball.

(uncountable, sports) An Egyptian racquet sport.


stemming

stemming (countable and uncountable, plural stemmings)

(climbing) The technique of bridging between two holds with hands and/or feet, applying forces to each in opposing directions in order to brace oneself in position.


receive

en-verb

receive (third-person singular simple present receives, present participle receiving, simple past and past participle received)

receives (present singular third-person)
receiving (participle present)
received (participle past)
received (past)
receave (alternative)
receyve (alternative)

From Middle English receiven, from Old French receivre, from Latin recipere (“take back, accept, etc.”), from re- (“back”) + capiō (“to take”); see capacious. Compare conceive, deceive, perceive. Displaced native Middle English terms in -fon/-fangen (e.g. afon, anfon, afangen, underfangen, etc. "to receive" from Old English -fōn), native Middle English thiggen (“to receive”) (from Old English þiċġan), and non-native Middle English aquilen, enquilen (“to receive”) (from Old French aquillir, encueillir).

der

(sports) To be in a position to take possession, or hit back the ball.

(tennis, badminton, squash) To be in a position to hit back a service.

(American football) To be in a position to catch a forward pass.


possession

en-noun

possession (countable and uncountable, plural possessions)

مَسّ

the state of being possessed by a spirit or demon

The scoreboard shows a little football symbol next to the name of the team that has possession.

Their first half was marred by the entire side playing too deep, completely unable to build up any form of decent possession once the ball left their bewildered defence.

2010 December 29, Chris Whyatt, “Chelsea 1 - 0 Bolton”, in BBC:

(sports) Control of the ball; the opportunity to be on the offensive.

اِسْتِحْوَاذ

control of the ball in a disputed sports game


command

command (countable and uncountable, plural commands)

From Middle English commanden, commaunden, comaunden, comanden, from Old French comander, from Late Latin commandāre, from Latin commendāre. Ultimately from Latin com- + mandō (whence ultimately also commend (a doublet), mandate, and recommend), from manus + -dō.
Compare typologically Russian поручи́ть (poručítʹ), поруче́ние (poručénije), руководи́ть (rukovodítʹ), руководи́тель (rukovodítelʹ) related to рука́ (ruká).

He's got good command tonight.

(baseball) The degree of control a pitcher has over his pitches.


lateral

Borrowed from Latin laterālis (“belonging to the side”), from latus (“the side or flank”) + -ālis (“-al”, adjectival suffix).


lateral

en-verb

lateral (third-person singular simple present laterals, present participle lateralling or lateraling, simple past and past participle lateralled or lateraled)

laterals (present singular third-person)
lateralling (participle present)
lateraling (participle present)
lateralled (participle past)
lateralled (past)
lateraled (participle past)
lateraled (past)

(American football) To execute a lateral pass.


easy

easy (third-person singular simple present easies, present participle easying, simple past and past participle easied)

easies (present singular third-person)
easying (participle present)
easied (participle past)
easied (past)
aisy (alternative)
easie (alternative)
eazy (alternative)
EZ (alternative)

From Middle English esy, eesy, partly from Middle English ese (“ease”) + -y, equivalent to ease + -y, and partly from Anglo-Norman eisé from Old French aisié (“eased, at ease, at leisure”), past participle of aisier (“to put at ease”), from aise (“empty space, elbow room, opportunity”), of uncertain origin. See ease. Merged with Middle English ethe, eathe (“easy”), from Old English īeþe, from Proto-Germanic *auþuz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éwtus (“empty, lonely”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ew-. Compare also Old Saxon ōþi, Old High German ōdi, Old Norse auðr, all meaning "easy, vacant, empty." More at ease, eath.


left field

en-noun

left field (countable and uncountable, plural left fields)

The double, by pinch-hitter Ruben Sierra, curved sharply toward foul ground in deep left field but then changed its mind and hit the line instead—a big hit, and a smile at last from the great and enigmatically difficult game.

(baseball) The part of a baseball field which is beyond the infield and to the left of a person standing on home plate and facing the pitcher.

(baseball) The defensive position in the outfield to the left.


triple

PIE word
 *tréyes
From Middle English triple (also þripell), from Latin triplus. Doublet of treble.

The shortstop hit a triple to lead off the ninth.

(curling) A takeout shot in which three stones are removed from play.


triple

en-verb

triple (third-person singular simple present triples, present participle tripling, simple past and past participle tripled)

triples (present singular third-person)
tripling (participle present)
tripled (participle past)
tripled (past)

The batter tripled into the gap.


shag

shag (third-person singular simple present shags, present participle shagging, simple past and past participle shagged)

shags (present singular third-person)
shagging (participle present)
shagged (participle past)
shagged (past)

From Middle English schaggen, a variant of Middle English schoggen (“to shake; shake off; tremble”), of uncertain origin. Perhaps a byform of Middle English schokken (“to shake; move rapidly”), related to Middle Low German schokken (“to shake; tremble”). Alternatively, perhaps ultimately from Proto-Germanic *skakkōną (“to shake”), specifically continuing a post-Proto-Germanic variant *skagg-, where the non-singular stem *skag- caused the analogical replacement of the stem-final voiceless geminate consonants with voiced geminates, which was then leveled throughout the paradigm.

cog

Showman Monte Proser tried to cash in on the boom on a mass basis with his Dance Carnival in Madison Square Garden, where dancers lindy hopped, shagged and fox-trotted to the orchestras of Benny Goodman, Larry Clinton and Charlie Barnett[…]

1970, Richard R. Lingeman, Don't You Know There's a War On? […] , Putnam, →ISBN, page 16:

(dance, uncommon) To perform the dance called the shag.


shag

Its evolutionary course is unclear; however, by the late thirties, Shag was all the rage both on and off college campuses. It became so popular, in fact, that a 1937 New York Times article describes it as “the fundamental dance step for swing.”

2011, Tamara Stevens, Erin Stevens, editors, Swing Dancing, ABC-CLIO, →ISBN, page 120:

(dance, sometimes capitalized) A swing dance.


blitz

en-noun

blitz (countable and uncountable, plural blitzes)

Clipping of blitzkrieg, from German Blitzkrieg (literally “lightning war”).

der

(countable, American football) A play in which additional defenders beyond the defensive linemen rush the passer.


blitz

en-verb

blitz (third-person singular simple present blitzes, present participle blitzing, simple past and past participle blitzed)

blitzes (present singular third-person)
blitzing (participle present)
blitzed (participle past)
blitzed (past)

The Washington High defense almost always blitzes on third down.

(intransitive, American football) To perform a blitz.


kung fu

en-noun

kung fu (countable and uncountable, plural kung fu)

kung fu (plural)
gongfu (alternative)
gong-fu (alternative)
gong fu (alternative)
gungfu (alternative)
gung-fu (alternative)
gung fu (alternative)
kungfu (alternative)
kung-fu (alternative)
Kung Fu (alternative)

From the Wade–Giles romanization of Mandarin 功夫 (gōngfu, “skill, accomplishment, martial art”): kung¹-fu⁵.

bor

(martial arts) The Chinese martial arts collectively.


rider

[ˈɹ̠aɪdə(ɹ̠)]

/ˈɹɑɪ.də(ɹ)/

[ˈɹ̠ʷɑe̯də(ɹʷ)]

[ˈɹ̠aɪɾ(ə)ɹ̠]

[ˈɹ̠əjɾ(ə)ɹ̠]

writer (with flapping but without Canadian raising)

From Middle English ryder, ridere, from Late Old English rīdere (“rider, knight”). Compare Dutch rijder, German Reiter. By surface analysis, ride + -er.

kalorës

one who rides — see also cyclist, driver

fo-fhadhb

math: problem of extra difficulty added to another on an examination paper

(sports) A boarder, a person who rides a board in boardsports.


balloon

en-verb

balloon (third-person singular simple present balloons, present participle ballooning, simple past and past participle ballooned)

balloons (present singular third-person)
ballooning (participle present)
ballooned (participle past)
ballooned (past)

1570, "a game played with a large, inflated leather ball" (possibly via Middle French ballon) from Italian pallone (“large ball”) from palla (“ball”), from Lombardic *palla. The Northern Italian form, balla (“ball-shaped bundle”), today a doublet, likely derived from Old French balle, from Frankish *balla (“ball”), and may have influenced the spelling of this word. Both Germanic words are from Proto-Germanic *ballô (“ball”), *balluz, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰoln- (“bubble”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰel- (“to blow, swell, inflate”). Akin to Old High German ballo, bal (“ball”), (German Ballen (“bale”); Ball "ball"). Doublet of ballon. More at ball.

der

After four minutes, leading goalscorer Haworth slid in but ballooned the ball over from six yards, and Hume then outran the defence to get to the by-line, but he could only hit his cross straight out.

2015, Steve Wilson, A View From The Terraces (part 2, page 138)

(transitive, sports) To strike (a ball) so that it flies high in the air.


tomahawk

From an Eastern Algonquian word, most likely Powhatan tumahák; compare also Malecite-Passamaquoddy tomhikon (“ax”), Abenaki temahigan, demahigan (“ax”).

(basketball) A dunk performed with one's arm behind one's head.


tomahawk

en-verb

tomahawk (third-person singular simple present tomahawks, present participle tomahawking, simple past and past participle tomahawked)

tomahawks (present singular third-person)
tomahawking (participle present)
tomahawked (participle past)
tomahawked (past)

When the league held its first slam-dunk contest in 1984 in Denver, Nance, then a Phoenix Sun, soared into the rafters with a basketball in each hand and tomahawked each one through the net before floating back to earth […]

2007, Bob Dyer, The Top 20 Moments in Cleveland Sports, page 237:

(basketball) To perform a tomahawk dunk.


behind

behinds (plural)
ahind (alternative)
behine (alternative)

From Middle English behinde, behinden, from Old English behindan (“on the back side of, behind”), from Proto-West Germanic *bihindan, *bihindini (“on the back side of, in the rear of, behind”), from Proto-West Germanic *bi- + *hindō (“the hind side, back part”), equivalent to be- + hind. Compare Old Saxon bihindan (“behind”, adverb), Middle High German behinter (“behind; back”).


blind

From Middle English blynd, from Old English blind, from Proto-West Germanic *blind, from Proto-Germanic *blindaz.


carve

en-verb

carve (third-person singular simple present carves, present participle carving, simple past carved, past participle carved or (archaic) carven)

carves (present singular third-person)
carving (participle present)
carved (past)
carved (participle past)
carven (archaic participle past)

From Middle English kerven, from Old English ceorfan, from Proto-West Germanic *kerban, from Proto-Germanic *kerbaną, from Proto-Indo-European *gerbʰ- (“to scratch”). Cognate with West Frisian kerve, Dutch kerven, Low German karven, German kerben (“to notch”); also Old Prussian gīrbin (“number”), Old Church Slavonic жрѣбии (žrěbii, “lot, tallymark”), Ancient Greek γράφειν (gráphein, “to scratch, etch”).

cog

(snowboarding) To perform a series of turns without pivoting, so that the tip and tail of the snowboard take the same path.


compile

en-verb

compile (third-person singular simple present compiles, present participle compiling, simple past and past participle compiled)

compiles (present singular third-person)
compiling (participle present)
compiled (participle past)
compiled (past)

From Middle English compilen, from Old French compiler, from Latin compīlō (“to plunder”).

Steve Davis compiled a 147.

(transitive, snooker) To achieve (a break) by making a sequence of shots.


compound

compound (third-person singular simple present compounds, present participle compounding, simple past and past participle compounded)

compounds (present singular third-person)
compounding (participle present)
compounded (participle past)
compounded (past)

From Middle English compounen, from Middle French componre, compondre (“to put together”), from Latin componō, from Latin com- (“together”) + ponō (“to put”).

At the hill, the Warrior must have been at least ten lengths in front of Wild Dayrell; but he compounded about 200 yards on the T. Y. C. side of the Red House.

1855, The Sporting Review, volume 34, page 240:

(horse racing, intransitive) Of a horse: to fail to maintain speed.


convert

convert (third-person singular simple present converts, present participle converting, simple past and past participle converted)

converts (present singular third-person)
converting (participle present)
converted (participle past)
converted (past)

[kʰə̥ɱˈvɜːt]

From Old French convertir, from Latin converto (“turn around”).

Flood converted to leave Wales with a 23-9 deficit going into the final quarter.

2011 February 4, Gareth Roberts, “Wales 19-26 England”, in BBC:

(transitive, intransitive, rugby football) To score extra points after (a try) by completing a conversion.

Bass also kicked field goals of 40 and 49 yards, but he also missed a point-after try, which led to a 2-point conversion that the Bills converted later in the game.

2024 November 3, Jon Scott, Tommy Gallagher, “61 yards to victory: Bills ride another 2nd-half surge, beat Dolphins”, in WGRZ:

(American football) To score extra points following a touchdown.

Hinton, inevitably, converted the penalty.

2011, Jonathan Wilson, Brian Clough: The Biography, →ISBN:

However, the lead was doubled after the break, when Branislav Ivanovic converted from close range after Fernando Torres had flicked on.

2013, Mark Worrall, Kelvin Barker, David Johnstone, Making History, Not Reliving It: A Decade of Roman's Rule at Chelsea, →ISBN, page 225:

This time Polish goalkeeper Bartosz Bialkowski was Saints' penalty shootout hero, saving three spot kicks before centre-back Wayne Thomas converted from 12 yards to seal a 6-5 win.

2016, Alex Crook, Alex Smith, Southampton Greatest Games: Saints' Fifty Finest Matches, →ISBN:

(transitive or intransitive, soccer) To score (especially a penalty kick).

Gillespie was reminded he had promised to join team-mate Matthew Hayden in a nude lap of the ground if he converted his century into a double.

2006, Gillespie hails 'fairytale' knock, BBC:

(transitive, cricket) To increase one's individual score, especially from 50 runs (a fifty) to 100 runs (a century), or from a century to a double or triple century.


convert

(Canadian football) The equivalent of a conversion in rugby


boast

From Middle English bosten, from bost (“boast, glory, noise, arrogance, presumption, pride, vanity”), probably of North Germanic origin, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *bausuz (“inflated, swollen, puffed up, proud, arrogant, bad”).
Cognate with Scots bost, boist (“to threaten, brag, boast”), Anglo-Norman bost (“ostentation”) (from Germanic). Related to Norwegian baus (“proud, bold, daring”), dialectal German baustern (“to swell”), German böse (“evil, bad, angry”), Dutch boos (“evil, wicked, angry”), West Frisian boas (“bad, wicked, angry, shrewd, clever”). Compare also dialectal Norwegian bausta, busta (“to rush onward, make a noise”). Possible doublet of boost.

cog

(squash) A shot where the ball is driven off a side wall and then strikes the front wall.


boast

en-verb

boast (third-person singular simple present boasts, present participle boasting, simple past and past participle boasted)

boasts (present singular third-person)
boasting (participle present)
boasted (participle past)
boasted (past)


curl

From metathesis of Middle English crulle (“curled, curly”), from Middle Dutch crul, crulle (“curl”), ultimately from Proto-Germanic *kruzlǭ (“bent or crooked object, curl”), of unknown origin; possibly from Pre-Germanic *grus-, contracted from Proto-Indo-European *gurus- (“twist, curl”), same source as Persian گرس (gors, “braid of hair”).
Cognate with Saterland Frisian Krulle (“curl, lock”), West Frisian krul (“curl”), Dutch krul (“curl”), German Low German Krull (“curl”), dialectal German Krolle (“curl”), Danish krølle (“curl”), Norwegian krull (“curl”). Related also to Saterland Frisian Kruus (“curl”), German kraus (“frizzy, crumpled, curly”), Danish krus (“curl”), Swedish krusa (“to crimp, curl”). Compare also Gothic 𐌺𐍂𐌹𐌿𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽 (kriustan, “to grind, crush, gnash”).

unk

unknown

cog

(curling) Movement of a moving rock away from a straight line.

Now do a curl and an overhead press, keeping your palms facing in.

2007 (Jan/Feb), Jon Crosby, "Your Winter Muscle Makeover", Men's Health, page 54

(weightlifting) Any exercise performed by bending the arm, wrist, or leg on the exertion against resistance, especially those that train the biceps.

(American football) A pattern where the receiver appears to be running a fly pattern but after a set number of steps or yards quickly stops and turns around, looking for a pass.


curl

en-verb

curl (third-person singular simple present curls, present participle curling, simple past and past participle curled)

curls (present singular third-person)
curling (participle present)
curled (participle past)
curled (past)

straighten

antonym(s) of “to make into a curl or spiral”

straighten

antonym(s) of “to assume the shape of a curl or spiral”

→ Kashubian: kurlowac (Canada)

unk

unknown

I curl at my local club every weekend.

(intransitive, curling) To take part in the sport of curling.

When curling the weight, bring the barbell up toward the chin, then return it to its starting position. Keep your elbows and upper arms as immobile as possible to isolate the biceps.

2008, Joseph Lee Klapper, The Complete Idiot's Guide to Boosting Your Metabolism, page 119:

(transitive, weightlifting) To exercise by bending the arm, wrist, or leg on the exertion against resistance, especially of the biceps.

pumpata

weightlifting: to exercise by bending on the exertion


backward

en-adj

backward (comparative more backward, superlative most backward)

more backward (comparative)
most backward (superlative)

From Middle English bakwarde, abakward, equivalent to back (adverb) + -ward. Cognate with Old Frisian bekward (“backward”).

geri

often reduplicated - mainly for the senses implying "retreat"

(cricket) On that part of the field behind the batsman's popping crease.

(cricket) Further behind the batsman's popping crease than something else.


Liverpudlian

From Liverpool and puddle, as a pun on a puddle being a small pool.

(soccer) someone connected with Liverpool Football Club, as a fan, player, coach etc.


utility

en-noun

utility (countable and uncountable, plural utilities)

From Middle English utilite, from Old French utilite, utilitet (“usefulness”), from Latin ūtilitās, from uti (“to use”). By surface analysis, utile + -ity.

(sports) The ability to play multiple positions.

monipuolisuus

sports: ability to play multiple positions


offy

From off (“first element of noun”) + -y (“diminutive suffix”).

suffix

(Australia, cricket, slang) An off break.

(Australia, cricket, slang) An off spinner.


rugby

en-noun

rugby (countable and uncountable, plural rugbies)

Rugby School
Rugby World Cup
University College London

→ Afrikaans: rugby

→ Catalan: rugbi

→ Cebuano: rugby

→ Czech: rugby, ragby

→ Danish: rugby

→ Dutch: rugby

→ French: rugby (see there for further descendants)

→ German: Rugby

→ Hindi: रग्बी (ragbī)

→ Irish: rugbaí

→ Italian: rugby

→ Japanese: ラグビー (ragubī)

→ Korean: 럭비 (reokbi)

→ Portuguese: rugby

→ Russian: регби (regbi)

→ Serbo-Croatian: rȁgbi, ра̏гби

→ Spanish: rugby

→ Thai: รักบี้ (rák-bîi)

→ Welsh: rygbi

From the name of Rugby School in Rugby, in Warwickshire, England, United Kingdom, where the modern game was developed in the 19th century. The place name Rugby is attested in the Domesday Book as Old English Rocheberie (probably equivalent to rook (“Corvus frugilegus, a bird of the crow family”) + -by (suffix indicating a village or town)), possibly from *Hrōcebyriġ, dative singular of *Hrōceburh, from hrōc (“rook”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ker- (“to crow”)) + burh, burg (“castle, fort, stronghold; city; town”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ- (“hill, mountain; high, lofty; to rise”)).

der

The scrum is a distinctive element of rugby.

The two rugbies split following a debate about amateurism.

A form of football in which players can hold or kick an ovoid ball; rugby football. The ball cannot be handled forwards and points are scored by touching the ball to the ground in the area past the opponent's territory or by kicking the ball between goalposts and over a crossbar.

rugby

闘球 (とうきゅう, tōkyū, literally “fighting ball”)

(specifically) The form of the game known as rugby union (see the usage note).


hazard

en-noun

hazard (countable and uncountable, plural hazards)

From Middle English hasard, from Old French hasart (“a game of dice”) (noun), hasarder (verb), from Arabic اَلزَّهْر (az-zahr, “the dice”). Compare Spanish azar, Portuguese azar.

(golf) A sand or water obstacle on a golf course.

(billiards) The act of potting a ball, whether the object ball (winning hazard) or the player's ball (losing hazard).

(tennis) The side of the court into which the ball is served.


Newcastle

[ˈnjʉˌkʰɑːsɫ̩]

From new + castle. Doublet of Neuchâtel.


shower

→ Hindi: शावर (śāvar)

→ Japanese: シャワー (shawā)

→ Korean: 샤워 (syawo)

→ Pashto: شاور (šāwar)

→ Persian: شاور (šâvar) (Dari)

→ Urdu: شاوَر (śāvar)

From Middle English shour, from Old English sċūr, from Proto-West Germanic *skūru, from Proto-Germanic *skūrō, probably from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱēwer- (“north; north wind; cold wind; rain shower”). Cognate with Dutch schoer, German Schauer, Old Norse skúr, Norwegian skur, Swedish skur, Danish skur.

der

See also shower (juggling) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

(juggling) A pattern where the juggler passes objects horizontally from one hand to the other around chest height, and upward over the juggler's head to return to the first hand.


peewee

Probably reduplication of wee (“small”).

Is five too young for peewee football?

1971 November, Pat Strange, Mini Judoka in Aussie Ladies Tourney, Black Belt, page 61,
Each year, younger and younger girls line up for competition on the mats, and at this year′s Western Australia Women′s Judo Tournament extra peewee divisions were added to accomodate the young ladies.

(US, sports) A player in a sports league for very young children.


forty minutes of hell

Reportedly coined by Arkansas Razorbacks coach Nolan Richardson.

(idiomatic, basketball) The NCAA strategy of playing a suffocating full-court press and aggressive offense for the entirety of a game.


balk

From Middle English balke, from Old English balca, either from or influenced by Old Norse bálkr (“partition, ridge of land”), from Proto-Germanic *balkô. Cognate with Dutch balk (“balk”), German Balken (“balk”), Italian balcone (“balcony”).

(baseball) An illegal motion by the pitcher, intended to deceive a runner.

(badminton) A motion used to deceive the opponent during a serve.

(billiards) The area of the table lying behind the line from which the cue ball is initially shot, and from which a ball in hand must be played.

(snooker) The area of the table lying behind the baulk line.


balk

en-verb

balk (third-person singular simple present balks, present participle balking, simple past and past participle balked)

balks (present singular third-person)
balking (participle present)
balked (participle past)
balked (past)
baulk (alternative)

The best advice you can receive regarding balking is to always maintain poise and composure on the mound.

2013, Aaron Wisewell, The Baseball Coach:

(sports, intransitive) To make a deceptive motion to deceive another player.


bandy

en-noun

bandy (countable and uncountable, plural bandies)

Probably from the verb bandy in the sense "toss/bat back and forth", or possibly from the Welsh word bando, most likely derived from the Proto-Germanic *bandją (“a curved stick”).

der

(sports, uncountable) A winter sport played on ice, from which ice hockey developed.

(sports, countable) A club bent at the lower part for striking a ball at play; a hockey stick.


baton

(sports) An object transferred by runners in a relay race.

عَصًا

sports: object transferred by relay runners

(gymnastics, juggling) A rod twirled in a marching band's performance, in a gymnastic sport, or in juggling.


bloop

en-verb

bloop (third-person singular simple present bloops, present participle blooping, simple past and past participle blooped)

bloops (present singular third-person)
blooping (participle present)
blooped (participle past)
blooped (past)

onom

Imitative

(baseball) To make a hit just beyond the infield.


bloop

Imitative


bobble

en-verb

bobble (third-person singular simple present bobbles, present participle bobbling, simple past and past participle bobbled)

bobbles (present singular third-person)
bobbling (participle present)
bobbled (participle past)
bobbled (past)

* (noun): from bob + -le (diminutive suffix).
* (verb): from bob + -le (frequentative suffix).
Compare bauble.

(US, sports, transitive) To mishandle a ball.


bulger

(golf) A driver or a brassy with a convex face.


bunt

en-noun

bunt (countable and uncountable, plural bunts)

Unknown. Perhaps a nasalised variant of butt.

The bunt was fielded cleanly.

(baseball, softball) A ball that has been intentionally hit softly so as to be difficult to field, sometimes with a hands-spread batting stance or with a close-hand, choked-up hand position. No swinging action is involved.

The manager will likely call for a bunt here.

(baseball, softball) The act of bunting.


bunt

en-verb

bunt (third-person singular simple present bunts, present participle bunting, simple past and past participle bunted)

bunts (present singular third-person)
bunting (participle present)
bunted (participle past)
bunted (past)

Jones bunted the ball.

(transitive, baseball) To intentionally hit softly with a hands-spread batting stance.

Jones bunted.

(intransitive, baseball) To intentionally hit a ball softly with a hands-spread batting stance.


bunter

Glavine was a renowned bunter of the ball.


caddy

Caddy, pass me my five iron.

As caddy I had to carry the clubs, for there are four varieties almost everyone used, and some used more. Besides doing this, the caddy has to keep score of the number of strokes used, and watch and find each ball.

1897 (date written), Paul T. B. Ward, quotee, “19th Hole: The Readers Take Over”, in Sports Illustrated, volume 19, number 4, Chicago, Ill.: Time Inc., published 22 July 1963, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 60:

Then Carter Chapman picked out his putter, stepped confidently up to the ball, sighted once along the ground, and made his stroke. The ball rolled straight as a die toward the caddy who was holding the flag, and tinkled into the cup for a birdie three!

1921 March, Octavus Roy Cohen, “Follow Through”, in Munsey’s Magazine, volume LXXII, number 2, New York, N.Y.: The Frank A[ndrew] Munsey Company, […], →OCLC, page 370, column 1:

(golf, also attributively) Alternative spelling of caddie (“a person hired to assist a golfer by carrying their golf clubs and providing advice”)


caddy

caddy (third-person singular simple present caddies, present participle caddying, simple past and past participle caddied)

caddies (present singular third-person)
caddying (participle present)
caddied (participle past)
caddied (past)

I was honored to caddy for Tiger Woods at a charity golf game.

We took turns caddying, one caddying, two playing. We went out across the river to the teeing ground of the first hole.

The next day the thirty-two qualifying players were paired off into sixteen sets of opponents. Charlotte was matched against a girl from California. After the first few minutes, the result was never in doubt. "Take it easy, miss," said the highly gratified Mr. Ogilvie, who was caddying for Charlotte. "You hold her in the hollow of your hand."

1917 July, George Weston, chapter VI, in The Apple-tree Girl: The Story of Little Miss Moses, who Led Herself into the Promised Land, Philadelphia, Pa., London: J[oshua] B[allinger] Lippincott Company, published 1918, →OCLC, page 100:

The scheme had been, if I remember, that after lunch I should go off and caddy for Honoria on a shopping tour down Regent Street; but when she got up and started collecting me and the rest of her things, Aunt Agatha stopped her.

1923 May 17, P[elham] G[renville] Wodehouse, “Introducing Claude and Eustace”, in The Inimitable Jeeves, Harmondsworth, Middlesex [London]: Penguin Books, published 1979, →ISBN, page 63:

(intransitive, golf) Chiefly followed by for: alternative spelling of caddie (“to serve as a caddy (noun sense) for a golfer”)


cager

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-cager.wav

Motorcycles can go where cars can’t. Obscure places, remote singletrack trails, off-road tracks too narrow for four wheels – on a bike, you can literally go anywhere and access places no car ever would feeling like an explorer and discovering wild spots off-limits for cagers.

2022 August 5, Eglė Gerulaitytė, “Top 10 Reasons Why We Love Riding”, in Adventure Rider:

(cycling, derogatory) A person who drives an automobile, particularly for commuting.


cam

→ Welsh: cam

Recorded since the 16th century, from Dutch kam (“cog of a wheel; originally, comb”) (cognate with English comb, and preserved in modern Dutch compounds such as kamrad, kamwiel (“cog wheel”)). Doublet of comb.

der

spring-loaded camming device
spring-loaded camming device

(climbing) A spring-loaded camming device, a spring-loaded device for effecting a temporary belay in a rock crevice.


crux

→ French: crux

From Latin crux (“cross, wooden frame for execution”), possibly from the Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to turn, to bend”). Doublet of cross and crouch (“cross”).

der

the real crux of the climb was encountered

The final half-mile was the crux of the climb.

1973, Pat Armstrong, "Klondike Fever: Seventy Years Too Late", in Backpacker, Autumn 1973, page 84

Most pitches have a distinct crux, or tough spot; some have multiple cruxes. […] ¶ Climb efficiently on the "cruiser" sections to stay fresh for the cruxes.

2004, Craig Luebben, Rock Climbing: Mastering Basic Skills, The Mountaineers Books, →ISBN, page 179:

Continue climbing the groove; the crux is passing some vegetation on the second pitch.

2009, R. J. Secor, The High Sierra: Peaks, Passes, and Trails, Third Edition, The Mountaineers Books, →ISBN, page 51:

(climbing) The hardest point of a climb.


cue

Variant of queue, from French queue (“tail”).

(sports, billiards, snooker, pool) A straight tapering stick used to hit the balls in various games.

կիյ

straight tapering rod used to impel the balls in games such as billiards, snooker, and pool


cue

en-verb

cue (third-person singular simple present cues, present participle cueing or cuing, simple past and past participle cued)

cues (present singular third-person)
cueing (participle present)
cuing (participle present)
cued (participle past)
cued (past)

(sports, billiards, snooker, pool) To take aim on the cue ball with the cue and hit it.


drib

drib (third-person singular simple present dribs, present participle dribbing, simple past and past participle dribbed)

dribs (present singular third-person)
dribbing (participle present)
dribbed (participle past)
dribbed (past)

From dialectal English drib (compare also drub), a variant from Middle English drepen (“to hit, strike, slay”), from Old English drepan (“to strike, kill, overcome”), from Proto-Germanic *drepaną (“to hit, strike”).

inh

(transitive, archery) To shoot directly at short range.

(intransitive, archery) To shoot at a mark at short range.

Not at first sight, nor with a dribbèd shot, / Love gave the wound […]

c. 1580s, Philip Sidney, “Astrophel and Stella”, in [Mary Sidney], editor, The Countesse of Pembrokes Arcadia […] [The New Arcadia], 3rd edition, London: […] [John Windet] for William Ponsonbie, published 1598, →OCLC, sonnet 2, page 519:

(transitive, archery) To shoot (a shaft) so as to pierce on the descent.


duff

en-noun

duff (countable and uncountable, plural duffs)

Uncertain; probably related to Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ- (“to whisk, smoke, darken, obscure”).


duff

en-verb

duff (third-person singular simple present duffs, present participle duffing, simple past and past participle duffed)

duffs (present singular third-person)
duffing (participle present)
duffed (participle past)
duffed (past)

Originally thieves' slang; probably a back-formation from duffer.

(US, golf) To hit the ground behind the ball.


dunker

From dunk + -er (agent noun suffix) or + -er (patient suffix).

(basketball) A person tasked with performing or training others in slam dunks.


erg

erg (third-person singular simple present ergs, present participle erging, simple past and past participle erged)

ergs (present singular third-person)
erging (participle present)
erged (participle past)
erged (past)

I erg every morning.

She erged a steady state piece.

What I mean to sy is, the exercise is helping. Although I'm not sure how you erg properly at this stage, Pulling into the sternum would be problematic.

2022, Bonnie Garmus, Lessons in Chemistry, page 187:

(rowing, slang, transitive, intransitive) To use an ergometer.


fib

fib (third-person singular simple present fibs, present participle fibbing, simple past and past participle fibbed)

fibs (present singular third-person)
fibbing (participle present)
fibbed (participle past)
fibbed (past)

Fib the cove's quarron in the rumpad for the lour in his bung; beat the fellow in the highway for the money in his purse.

1785, Francis Grose, A Classical Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue, 2nd edition, published 1788, To Fib:

The Chicken himself attributed this punishment to his having had the misfortune to get into Chancery early in the proceedings, when he was severely fibbed by the Larkey one, and heavily grassed.

1846 October 1 – 1848 April 1, Charles Dickens, Dombey and Son, London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1848, →OCLC:

As Biggs and his party arrived, I heard Hawkins say to Berry, "For heaven’s sake, my boy, fib with your right, and mind his left hand!"

1852, William Makepeace Thackeray, “The Fight at Slaughter House”, in Men's Wives, page 16:

Then there was a wild scuffle and a furious outcry, and all the bargemen for a moment seemed to hug me and themselves too; when, as there was no room to hit out, in the phraseology of the ring, I fibbed at half-a-dozen waistcoats and faces with all my might and main.

1865, Grantley Berkeley, “Eton Boys”, in My Life and Recollections, volume 1, page 311:

Quoth he, "Thou dost surely jest when thou sayest that thou dost not understand such words. Answer me this: Hast thou ever fibbed a chouse quarrons in the Rome pad for the loure in his bung?"

1883, Howard Pyle, The Merry Adventures of Robin Hood […], New York, N.Y.: […] Charles Scribner’s Sons […], →OCLC, part sixth, page 207:

(archaic, thieves' cant, boxing) To punch, especially a series of punches in rapid succession; to beat; to hit; to strike.


fletch

A modification of fledge (“to acquire feathers”) due to the influence of fletcher (“arrow-maker”). Compare flèche.

(archery) The vane toward the back of an arrow, used to stabilise the arrow during flight.


gait

From Middle English gate (“way”), from Old Norse gata (“road”), from Proto-Germanic *gatwǭ. Compare gate.

(equestrianism) One of the different ways in which a horse can move, either naturally or as a result of training.


gyro

/ˈd͡ʒaɪ.ɹəʊ/

/ˈd͡ʒaɪ.ɹoʊ/


hex

(climbing) a hexagon-shaped item of rock climbing equipment intended to be wedged into a crack or other opening in the rock.


hod

Probably an alteration of hot (“(Northern England, Scotland) large basket for carrying earth, etc.”), from Middle English hott, hote, hotte (“large basket or pannier for carrying earth, etc.; unit of measure for grain; hut or shed (perhaps originally of wattlework); lump of dirt (?)”) [and other forms], from Anglo-Norman and Old French hote, hotte (“large basket carried on the back”) (modern French hotte (“carrying basket”)), from Frankish *hotta (“basket”), perhaps from Proto-Germanic *hud- (“to shake”) (see further at etymology 1), ultimately an onomatopoeia of the swaying movement of such a basket (compare Middle Dutch hotten (“to jolt; shake”)).
(Cognates):
German Hotte (“wooden basket carried on the back; (specifically) basket for collecting grapes from a vineyard”) (Rhineland, Swabia), Hutte (“basket for collecting grapes from a vineyard”) (Alsace, Switzerland)
Late Latin hotta, hottus (“hod”)

col

Cognates

'Clerking' is perhaps the most difficult and most admired job on a racecourse. The next time you see a bookmaker at his hod, waving his ticket-filled hands, shouting the odds, look to his left, just back a bit—out of the limelight. The bloke sitting there with his head buried deep in a ledger is the clerk.

2006, Tommy Steele, chapter 6, in Bermondsey Boy: Memories of a Forgotten World, large print edition, Bath, Somerset: Windsor Paragon; BBC Audiobooks, published 2007, →ISBN, page 64:


hogger

(curling) A shot that comes to rest short of or on the far hog line and is removed from play.


huck

Unknown. Perhaps a variant of chuck or hoick.

(skiing, snowboarding) A drop or jump off a cliff or cornice.


jig

Unknown. Derivation from Middle English gyge (“fiddle”), from Old French gigue (“a fiddle”) has been proposed, but the connection and sense development are obscure. The sense “a type of dance” of modern French gigue is borrowed from English.

They danced a jig.

Soon Marshall is doing an elaborate foot-to-foot jig, and then they're all bounding around. Shoulder dips. Yee-ha faces. It's an impromptu hoedown.

2012 November 15, Tom Lamont, “How Mumford & Sons became the biggest band in the world”, in The Daily Telegraph:

(traditional Irish music and dance) A lively dance in 6/8 (double jig), 9/8 (slip jig) or 12/8 (single jig) time; a tune suitable for such a dance. By extension, a lively traditional tune in any of these time signatures. Unqualified, the term is usually taken to refer to a double (6/8) jig.


jigger

→ Catalan: gigre

From jig + -er (agent suffix). Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary suggests a possible link to Old High German gīga (“fiddle”).

(golf, dated) A golf club used to play low flying shots to the putting green from short distances.

(horse racing) An illicit electric shock device used to urge on a horse during a race.


juke

Uncertain. Perhaps from Scots jouk, jowk, juke (“to elude, cheat; duck, skulk; bob, dodge”), palatised variants of Scots deuk, douk, dowk (“to duck”). More at duck (verb).


lolly

en-noun

lolly (countable and uncountable, plural lollies)


looper

With one out and runners on second and third, Cavan Biggio hit a looper up the middle that eluded hustling shortstop Tim Anderson in short centre field.

2022 June 22, Jay Cohen, “Blue Jays' woes continue as Harrison's walk-off single in 12th inning wins it for White Sox”, in CBC News, archived from the original on 2022-06-25:

(baseball) Synonym of blooper (“a fly ball that is weakly hit just over the infielders”).


lull

From Middle English lullen, lollen. Originally, perhaps expressive in origin from la-la-la or lu-lu-lu sounds made in calming a child. Compare Finnish laulaa (“to sing”) and Hiligaynon lala (“to sing a lullaby”).
Cognate with Scots lul, lule, loll (“to lull, put to sleep, howl, caterwaul”), Dutch lollen (“to sing badly, caterwaul”), Dutch lullen (“to chatter, prate, cheat, deceive”), Low German lullen (“to lull”), German lullen (“to lull”), Danish lulle (“to lull, sing to sleep”), Swedish lulla (“to lull”), Icelandic lúlla (“to lull”).

onomatopoeic

expressive

cog

It is advisable to leave the surf zone during the lull between sets of larger waves, waiting outside the surf zone for a lull.

1992, John Warlaumont, The Noaa Diving Manual, page 19-19:

About 2 hours in, a long lull cleared everyone out, and then it started getting a little more consistent and pushing chest ta neck high.

(surfing) An extended pause between sets of waves.

зати́шье

an extended pause between sets of waves.


mod

en-noun

mod (countable and uncountable, plural mods)

(climbing) A moderately difficult route.


muff

Unknown; perhaps a specialised use of Etymology 1, above; or perhaps related to Dutch muffen (“to dote”) and German muffen (“to sulk”).

(slang, chiefly sports) An error, a mistake; a failure to hold a ball when once in the hands.


muff

en-verb

muff (third-person singular simple present muffs, present participle muffing, simple past and past participle muffed)

muffs (present singular third-person)
muffing (participle present)
muffed (participle past)
muffed (past)

(sports) To drop or mishandle (the ball, a catch etc.); to play badly.

изпускам

in American football, to drop or mishandle the ball


plumb

en-adj

plumb (comparative more plumb, superlative most plumb)

more plumb (comparative)
most plumb (superlative)

From Middle English plumbe, plumme, from Old French *plombe, from Latin plumba, plural of plumbum.

(cricket) Describing an LBW where the batsman is hit on the pads directly in front of their wicket and should be given out.


punter

(climbing) A beginner or unskilled climber.


rep

en-noun

rep (countable and uncountable, plural reps)

Clippings of various words beginning with rep.

Holonym: sets

I get a better bicep workout if I use less weight and more reps.

(weightlifting, countable) Clipping of repetition.


rep

en-verb

rep (third-person singular simple present reps, present participle repping, simple past and past participle repped)

reps (present singular third-person)
repping (participle present)
repped (participle past)
repped (past)

(transitive, weightlifting) To lift for multiple reps.


rondo

en-noun

rondo (countable and uncountable, plural rondos)

Borrowed from Italian rondo, from French rondeau. Doublet of rondeau.

And four years after Pep from Catalonia first clapped eyes on Phil from Stockport across a crowded rondo, here finally was the consummation.

2020 August 7, Jonathan Liew, “Phil Foden stars to offer Manchester City glimpse of multiple futures”, in The Guardian:

(soccer) A game resembling keep-away, used to train soccer players: one group is tasked with completing a number of passes while the other smaller group tries to take possession of the ball.


samba

samba (countable and uncountable, plural sambas)

Borrowed from Brazilian Portuguese samba, from a Bantu language. Doublet of semba.

bor+

(dance) A Brazilian ballroom dance or dance style.


slat

Old French esclat. Doublet of slate and éclat.

I never got down that hill without losing at least one of my skis! Clarence didn't lose his slats. The straps went over his boots and held them in place. If he fell, he risked breaking a foot or leg, but the slats stayed on.

2005, Richard V. Shriver, Gold to Refine, page 31:


snick

en-verb

snick (third-person singular simple present snicks, present participle snicking, simple past and past participle snicked)

snicks (present singular third-person)
snicking (participle present)
snicked (participle past)
snicked (past)

(cricket) To hit (the ball) with the edge of the bat, causing a slight deflection.


snick

(cricket) A small deflection of the ball off the side of the bat; often carries to the wicketkeeper for a catch.


spavin

en-noun

spavin (countable and uncountable, plural spavins)

The noun is derived from Middle English spavein, spaveine (“swelling on horse’s leg causing lameness; disease causing lameness in horses”), from Old French espavain, a variant of esparvain, esprevain, esprevin (modern French éparvin, épervin). The further etymology is unknown; one suggestion is that it is from Frankish *sparwan (“sparrow”), though this is seen as quite tenuous.
The verb is derived from the noun.

[H]is horſe hip'd vvith an olde mothy ſaddle, and ſtirrops of no kindred: beſides poſſeſt vvith the glanders, and like to moſe in the chine, troubled vvith the Lampaſſe, infected vvith the faſhions, full of VVindegalls, ſped vvith Spauins, raied vvith the Yellovvs, […]

c. 1590–1592 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Taming of the Shrew”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii], page 219, column 1:

Of ſpauens, there be tvvo kindes, the bone Spauen and the blood: for the bone Spauen, you ſhall dreſſe it in all things like the ſplent, and it vvil heale it. For the bloud ſpauen you ſhall take vp the veane, and vvhen it hath bled vve pull out the bladder vvhich holdes the ſpauen, and ſtop the vvound vvith Sage and ſalt, and it vvill heale it.

1607, Gervase Markham, “Of Spauens”, in Cauelarice, or The English Horseman: […], London: […] [Edward Allde and W[illiam] Jaggard] for Edward White, […], →OCLC, 7th book, page 78:

Doubtleſſe a Spauen is an euil ſorance, and cauſeth a horſe to haule principally in the beginning of his griefe, it appeareth on the hinder Legges vvithin, and againſt the ioynt, and it vvill bee a little ſvvolne, and ſome horſes haue a thorough Spauen, vvhich appeareth both vvithin and vvithout. Of the Spauen there are tvvo kindes, the one hard the other ſoft: That is: bone-Spauen, and a blood-Spauen, […] Caſt the horſe and vvith a hot yron ſlitte the fleſh that couereth the Spauen, and then lay vpon the Spauen, Cantharides and Euforbium boyled together in oile de Bay, […]

1607, Conradus Gesnerus [i.e., Conrad Gessner], Edward Topsell, “Of the Horsse. [Of the Spauen, both Bone and Blood.]”, in The Historie of Foure-footed Beastes. […], London: […] William Iaggard, →OCLC, page 407:

Mr. Field had seen the same horses brought to his forge from day to day, and year to year, with large spavins, yet continuing perfectly sound.

1829 November 19, “Veterinary Medical Society, 21st Oct. 1829. Discussion on Mr. W. Percivall’s Paper on Soundness.”, in [William] Percivall, [William] Youatt, editors, The Veterinarian, volume II, number 24, London: […] Compton and Ritchie, […] [for] Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, & Green, […], published December 1829, →OCLC, page 509:

(countable) A bony swelling which develops in a horse's leg where the shank and splint bone meet, caused by inflammation of the cartilage connecting those bones; also, a similar swelling caused by inflammation of the hock bones.

[N]ovv the Bots, the Spauin, and the Glanders, and ſome doſen diſeaſes more, light on him, & his Moyles.

1601, Ben Jonson, Poetaster or The Arraignment: […], London: […] [R. Bradock] for M[atthew] L[ownes] […], published 1602, →OCLC, Act I, scene ii, signature B2, verso:

(uncountable) A disease of horses caused by this bony swelling (sense 1.1).


spavin

en-verb

spavin (third-person singular simple present spavins, present participle spavining, simple past and past participle spavined)

spavins (present singular third-person)
spavining (participle present)
spavined (participle past)
spavined (past)

Mr. Lythe had seen many horses which Mr. Field had passed as sound although they were spavined; and he does not recollect a single instance of lameness among them.

The witches that dance on the Brocken on Valpurgis Eve would be spoken of in a different spirit from the village hag who spavins the horse and curdles the milk.

1867, John Hill Burton, “Heathendom”, in The History of Scotland from Agricola’s Invasion to the Revolution of 1688, Edinburgh; London: William Blackwood and Sons, →OCLC, page 224:

And oh! Onesiphorus, the old brown mare / Is spavining for love, as also we; […]

1884 February 23, “Astray from San Rafael” [pseudonym], “Dudetic Leap Year”, in The Wasp, volume XII, number 8, San Francisco, Calif.: E[dward] C[reamor] Macfarlane & Co., →OCLC, stanza 4, page 11, column 1:

The plaintiff introduced evidence tending to prove that the horse was spavined, and that Kuntzman had warranted the soundness of the horse. The fourth exception on the part of the defendant and the plaintiff in error was to the rejection of the evidence that the horse was not spavined while in Weaver's stable, some two months after the sale.

1886, A[braham] C[lark] Freeman, “Kuntzman v. Weaver”, in The American Decisions […], volume LIX, San Francisco, Calif.: Bancroft-Whitney Co. […], →OCLC, page 740:

In order to obviate the straining, spavining, and weakness of back, to which horses are subject, caused by the effort of starting heavy cars, Mr. Henry P. Holt designed a tramcar starting gear, patented in May, 1879, […]

1894, D[aniel] Kinnear Clark, “Resistance to Traction on Tramways”, in Tramways: Their Construction and Working […], 2nd edition, London: Crosby Lockwood and Son […], →OCLC, page 402:

(farriery, veterinary medicine) To cause (a horse or its leg) to have spavin (noun sense 1.2).

aiheuttaa kinnerpatti

to cause (a horse or its leg) to have spavin


stymie

stymies (plural)
stimie (alternative)
stimy (alternative)
stymy (alternative)

From the meaning in golf (where the stymie ball blocks the other ball from "seeing" the hole), perhaps from Scots stymie, stimie (“person with poor eyesight”), from Scots stime (“the least bit”). Or from Scots styme (“tiny bit, glimmer”) as in se nocht ane styme (“not to see a glimmer (of something)”). If so, it is a doublet of stime.

(golf) A situation where an opponent's ball is directly in the way of one's own ball and the hole, on the putting green (abolished 1952).


stymie

stymie (third-person singular simple present stymies, present participle stymieing or stymying, simple past and past participle stymied)

stymies (present singular third-person)
stymieing (participle present)
stymying (participle present)
stymied (participle past)
stymied (past)
stimie (alternative)
stimy (alternative)
stymy (alternative)

(golf) To bring into the position of, or impede by, a stymie.


vee

(cricket) The arc of the field, forward of the batsman, from cover to midwicket, in which drives are played.

(cricket) The V-shaped joint between the lower end of the handle and the blade of the bat.


volta

(music, dance) A dance for couples popular during the late Renaissance, associated with the galliard and done to the same kind of music.


washy

en-adj

washy (comparative washier, superlative washiest)

washier (comparative)
washiest (superlative)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-washy.wav

a washy horse

(US, dialect, archaic or horse racing) Not firm or hardy; liable to sweat profusely with labour.


winger

The center passed to the left winger, who shot and scored.

"The pattern of the game could have been different if Anthony Pilkington had taken one of two chances either side of United's opener.
But the Norwich winger shot wide when clean through and saw another effort hit the post on 75 minutes.

2011 October 1, Alistair Magowan, “Man Utd 2 - 0 Norwich”, in BBC Sport:

(sports) An offensive player who plays on either side of the center.


winker

From wink (“blinking of only one eye”) + -er (suffix forming agent nouns).

silmäniskijä

[T]his Censurer slaundereth manie men, another might say of him, he is the cōmon packhorse of the Papistes, to carrie any fardell of lyes deuised against any Christian man or booke that commeth in his way, and the rather because he weareth a paire of winkers ouer his eyes like a milhorse, being ashamed to shewe either his face or his name.

1583, William Fulke, “A Briefe Confutation of Sundry Cavils and Quarels, Uttered by Diuerse Papistes in Their Seuerall Bookes & Pamphlets against the Writings of William Fulke”, in A Defense of the Sincere and True Translations of the Holie Scriptures into the English Tong against the Manifolde Cauils, Friuolous Quarels, and Impudent Slaunders of Gregorie Martin, […], London: […] Henrie Bynneman, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2020-06-24, page 32:

Take the winkers off that donkey's face, and let him get a bit to eat; there's grass enough, God knows, and it's good grass.

1914, James Stephens, chapter I, in The Demi-Gods, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company, →OCLC, book I (Patsy Mac Cann), page 4:

The collar of his cambric shirt, English fashion, is highly starched and looks like winkers, its points projecting upward in front with a wide gap between.

1964, Aleksandr Pushkin, translated by Vladimir Nabokov, Eugene Onegin: A Novel in Verse […], volumes 2 (Commentary on Preliminaries and Chapters One to Five), New York, N.Y.: Bollingen Foundation, →OCLC, page 168:

A thing which is used to wink with, or which winks.

(equestrianism, also attributive and figurative) Chiefly in the plural: synonym of blinker (“a shield attached to the bridle of a horse or other domesticated animal to prevent it from seeing things behind it and to its side”)


yoke

From Middle English yok, yoke, ȝok from Old English ġeoc (“yoke”), from Proto-Germanic *juką (“yoke”), from Proto-Indo-European *yugóm (“yoke”), from *yewg- (“to join; to tie together, yoke”). Doublet of yuga, jugum, yoga and possibly yogh.
Senses 3.1 (“area of arable land”) and 3.2 (“amount of work done with draught animals”) probably referred to the area of land that could generally be ploughed by yoked draught animals within a given time.

poikkipuu

linking or supporting object that resembles a yoke

駕駛桿 /驾驶杆

device with crosspieces used to control an aircraft

iugum

unit of land area notionally equivalent to the area a team of yoked draft animals can work in a day

Nothing says you're a dedicated lifter and true athlete more than a massive yoke—that is, the muscles of the neck, traps, and rear delts.

2010 April, Sean Hyson, Jim Wendler, “Build an NFL Neck”, in Men’s Fitness, New York, N.Y.: American Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 73; reproduced as “The Big Yoke Workout”, in Men’s Journal, accessed 19 November 2021, archived from the original on 2021-11-19:

Senses relating to a frame around the neck.

Any of various linking or supporting objects that resembles a yoke (sense 1.1); a crosspiece, a curved bar, etc.

(bodybuilding) Well-developed muscles of the neck and shoulders.

niska- ja hartialihakset

well-developed muscles of the neck and shoulders


arrest

en-noun

arrest (countable and uncountable, plural arrests)

From Middle English arest (noun) and aresten (verb), from Old French areste (noun) and arester (“to stay, stop”, verb), from Vulgar Latin *arrestō, from Latin ad- (“to”) + restō (“to stop, remain behind, stay back”), from re- (“back”) + stō (“to stand”), from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand”), equivalent to ad- + rest. Compare French arrêter (“to stop”).

der

(farriery) A scurfiness of the back part of the hind leg of a horse


assault

en-noun

assault (countable and uncountable, plural assaults)

From Middle English assaut, from Old French noun assaut, derived from the past participle of the verb assalir, from Late Latin assalīre, from Latin ad (“at, towards”) + salīre (“jump”). See also assail. Spelling Latinized around 1530 to add an l.

(fencing) A non-competitive combat between two fencers.


bail

From Middle English beyle, from Old English bīeġels, from bīeġan + -els.

As Jason Roy's throw came in from deep mid-wicket, a diving Guptill was short when Buttler removed the bails, sending England and the whole of Lord's into delirious celebrations.

2019 July 14, Stephan Shemilt, “England win Cricket World Cup: Ben Stokes stars in dramatic finale against New Zealand”, in BBC Sport, London:

(cricket) One of the two wooden crosspieces that rest on top of the stumps to form a wicket.

palikka

in cricket - crosspiece on top of the stump to form a wicket


beam

From Middle English beem, from Old English bēam (“tree, cross, gallows, column, pillar, wood, beam, splint, post, stock, rafter, piece of wood”), from Proto-West Germanic *baum, from Proto-Germanic *baumaz (“tree, beam, balk”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰew- (“to grow, swell”). Cognate with West Frisian beam (“tree”), Saterland Frisian Boom (“tree”), Dutch boom (“tree”), German Low German Boom (“tree”), German Baum (“tree”), Luxembourgish Bam (“tree”), Albanian bimë (“a plant”). Doublet of boom.
The original English meaning of beam ("tree") is preserved in some compound words such as quickbeam.
The verb is from Middle English bemen, from Old English bēamian (“to shine, to cast forth rays or beams of light”), from the noun.


belay

en-verb

belay (third-person singular simple present belays, present participle belaying, simple past and past participle belayed or belaid)

belays (present singular third-person)
belaying (participle present)
belayed (participle past)
belayed (past)
belaid (participle past)
belaid (past)

From Middle English beleggen, bileggen, from Old English beleċġan (“to cover, invest, surround, afflict, attribute to, charge with, accuse”), From Proto-West Germanic *bilaggjan, equivalent to be- (“about, around”) + lay. Cognate with Dutch beleggen (“to cover, overlay, belay”), German belegen (“to cover, occupy, belay”), Swedish belägga (“to pave”).

cog

He would need an experienced partner to belay him on the difficult climbs.

(transitive, climbing) To handle a climbing rope to prevent (a climber) from falling to the ground.


belay

(climbing) The securing of a rope to a rock or other projection.

(climbing) The object to which a rope is secured.

But instead of swapping over at the ice axe belay, you carry on in the lead, cutting or kicking steps until you are about twenty feet above.

1967, Anthony Greenbank, Instructions in Mountaineering, page 84:

(climbing) A location at which a climber stops and builds an anchor with which to secure their partner.


brace

From Middle English brace, from Old French brace (“arm”), from Latin bracchia, the nominative and accusative plural of bracchium (“arm”).

The Manchester United midfielder’s late brace against Cyprus at the weekend was welcome, but will become no more than a footnote of his Scotland career. His brace here to down the mighty Spanish will go down in history.

28 March 2023, Graeme McGarry, “Scott McTominay earns place in history as Scotland stun Spain”, in The Herald:

To score a 'brace' means that you have scored two goals in a game.

2020 October 23, “What is a brace in soccer?”, in Goal:

(soccer) Two goals scored by one player in a game.

(cricket) Two wickets taken with two consecutive deliveries.


caution

en-noun

caution (countable and uncountable, plural cautions)

Recorded since 1297 as Middle English caucioun (“bail, guarantee, pledge”), from Old French caution (“security, surety”), itself from Latin cautiō, from cautus, past participle of caveō, cavēre (“be on one's guard”).


caution

en-verb

caution (third-person singular simple present cautions, present participle cautioning, simple past and past participle cautioned)

cautions (present singular third-person)
cautioning (participle present)
cautioned (participle past)
cautioned (past)


chute

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-chute.wav

(horse racing) An extension to a straightway on either the home stretch or the backstretch, to avoid having a turn at the start of the race.


concede

concede (third-person singular simple present concedes, present participle conceding, simple past and past participle conceded)

concedes (present singular third-person)
conceding (participle present)
conceded (participle past)
conceded (past)

From Middle English [Term?], from Old French conceder, from Latin concēdō (“give way, yield”), from con- (“wholly”) + cēdō (“to yield, give way, to go, grant”), from Proto-Indo-European *ked- (“to go, yield”).

der

I don't know how they conceded that goal; their defense was so solid.

The visitors arrived at the Reebok Stadium boasting an impressive record of winning their last eight Premier League games there without conceding a goal.

2011 October 2, Jonathan Jurejko, “Bolton 1 - 5 Chelsea”, in BBC Sport:

(sports) To have a goal or point scored against

(cricket) (of a bowler) to have runs scored off of one's bowling.


continuation

en-noun

continuation (countable and uncountable, plural continuations)

From Middle English continuacion, from Old French continuation, from Latin continuātiō.
Morphologically continue + -ation

(basketball) A successful shot that, despite a foul, is made with a single continuous motion beginning before the foul, and that is therefore valid in certain forms of basketball.


cradle

en-verb

cradle (third-person singular simple present cradles, present participle cradling, simple past and past participle cradled)

cradles (present singular third-person)
cradling (participle present)
cradled (participle past)
cradled (past)

From Middle English cradel, credel, from Old English cradol, from Proto-West Germanic *kradul, from Proto-Germanic *kradulaz, from Proto-Germanic *kradô (“(wicker) basket”). Related to cart.

der

(lacrosse) To rock the lacrosse stick back and forth in order to keep the ball in the head by means of centrifugal force.

veivata

lacrosse: to rock the lacrosse stick back and forth


crater

en-verb

crater (third-person singular simple present craters, present participle cratering, simple past and past participle cratered)

craters (present singular third-person)
cratering (participle present)
cratered (participle past)
cratered (past)

First coined 1613, from Latin crātēr (“basin”), from Ancient Greek κρᾱτήρ (krātḗr, “mixing-bowl, wassail-bowl”).

der

He cratered into that snow bank about five seconds after his first lesson.


crease

From earlier English creast, from Middle English crest (“ridge, crest”). More at crest.

(cricket) One of the white lines drawn on the pitch to show different areas of play; especially the popping crease, but also the bowling crease and the return crease.

rajaviiva

one of the white lines drawn on the pitch

(lacrosse) The circle around the goal, where no offensive players can go.

(ice hockey, handball) The area in front of each goal.


dislocation

en-noun

dislocation (countable and uncountable, plural dislocations)

From Middle English, from Old French, a borrowing from Medieval Latin dislocātiō, delocatio.

The practice of contortion can be divided into three categories: backbending, frontbending and dislocation.

2016, Louis Patrick Leroux, Charles R. Batson, Cirque Global: Quebec's Expanding Circus Boundaries, McGill-Queen's Press, →ISBN, page 297:

(gymnastics, dance) In men's gymnastics, a rotating of the shoulders when performing a backwards turn on the still rings. Many skills in acrobatics appear to involve dislocating a joint, when they actually do not.


disqualification

disqualification (countable and uncountable, plural disqualifications)

(basketball): The act of being forbidden from further play in a basketball game due to the accumulation of too many personal fouls.


dolly

Welsh: doli

From doll + -y, from the given name Dorothy, originally applied either to a woman or female pet or to a children's toy, and expanded to refer to various types of contrivances or devices. The Online Etymology Dictionary, while considering the reason for applying it to such devices unobvious, compares how the names jack, jenny and jimmy are also applied to devices.

rattaat

term not specific to bridge construction

(cricket, dated) A ball hit by a batsman such that it goes gently to a fielder for a simple catch.


dolly

en-verb

dolly (third-person singular simple present dollies, present participle dollying, simple past and past participle dollied)

dollies (present singular third-person)
dollying (participle present)
dollied (participle past)
dollied (past)
dollie (alternative)