bodybuilder

bodybuilders (plural)
body builder (alternative)
body-builder (alternative)

[ˈbɑː.ɾiˌbɪɫ.ɾɚ]

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *bʰewdʰ-
Proto-West Germanic *bodag
Old English bodiġ
Middle English bodi
English body
Proto-West Germanic *buþlijan
Old English bytlan
Middle English bylden
Latin -ariusbor.
Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz
Proto-West Germanic *-ārī
Old English -ere
Middle English -er
Middle English byldere
English builder
English bodybuilder
From body + builder.

etymon

Physique of powerful bodybuilder (below) is like piece of sculpture. Buffs strive for the well-rounded body, disdain the professional weightlifter, who merely develops a number of very specialized muscles.

December 1964, “Muscles are his business”, in Ebony, volume 20, number 2, page 148:

Because it is necessary for a muscle to rest while it grows and because of the importance of balanced development, most competitive bodybuilders train on a split routine; they work certain parts of the body one day and rest those muscles the next while they work the others, alternating like that six days a week.

1974, Charles Gaines, George Butler, “chapter 2”, in Pumping Iron: The Art and Sport of Bodybuilding:

In the competitions, bodybuilders go through "mandatories"—a set of mandatory poses—in the morning, where the judges compare the body parts of the builders.

1991, Samuel Wilson Fussell, “chapter 4”, in Muscle: Confessions of an Unlikely Bodybuilder:

en:person who builds a muscular physique

(bodybuilding) A person who uses diet and exercise to build an aesthetically muscular physique, in order to compete in bodybuilding.

բոդիբիլդեր

a person who uses diet and exercise to build an aesthetically muscular physique


volumizer

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(bodybuilding) A dietary supplement that increases water uptake in muscle cells, causing the muscles to temporarily swell.


bulky

en-adj

bulky (comparative bulkier, superlative bulkiest)

bulkier (comparative)
bulkiest (superlative)

From Middle English bulki, boulky, equivalent to bulk + -y.

(bodybuilding) Having excess body mass, especially muscle.


bulk up

en-verb

bulk up (third-person singular simple present bulks up, present participle bulking up, simple past and past participle bulked up)

bulks up (present singular third-person)
bulking up (participle present)
bulked up (participle past)
bulked up (past)

A review of studies done on runners and strength training showed generally positive impacts and no negative consequences. You won’t hulk out or bulk up just fine-tune some lean muscle in ways that running alone can’t do.

2017 January 9, Molly Hurford, “Cross-Training Workouts Every Runner Should Try”, in MapMyRun, archived from the original on 2017-06-18:

(bodybuilding) To train the body with a high-calorie diet and intense weightlifting in order to increase the overall mass of the body, especially the muscles.


hard gainer

(bodybuilding) A person who has difficulty gaining weight through either diet or exercise.


mesomorph

/ˈmɛsəʊmɔːf/

/ˈmɛzəʊmɔːf/

/ˈmɛzəmɔːɹf/

Derived from mesoderm + -morph by William Herbert Sheldon. Equivalent to meso- + -morph.

(bodybuilding): Theoretical body type in which a person naturally has lower body fat and greater ability to achieve muscular development than average.


fullness

en-noun

fullness (usually uncountable, plural fullnesses)

fullnesses (plural)
fulness (alternative)
fulnesse (alternative)

From Middle English fulnesse, from Old English fulnes, fylnes, fyllnis (“completeness; abundance”), equivalent to full + -ness. Cognate with Old High German folnissi (“fullness”).

(bodybuilding): A measure of the degree to which a muscle has increased in size parallel to the axis of its contraction. A full muscle fills more of the space along the part of the body where it is connected.


weight gainer

(bodybuilding) A high-calorie beverage or powdered drink used to bulk up the physique, especially the muscles. Typically, such beverages are very high in sugar content, and need to be drunk in large volumes.


pump up

en-verb

pump up (third-person singular simple present pumps up, present participle pumping up, simple past and past participle pumped up)

pumps up (present singular third-person)
pumping up (participle present)
pumped up (participle past)
pumped up (past)

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I want to pump you up.

He's gonna help me pump up.

(intransitive, transitive, bodybuilding) To cause one's muscles to swell by means of focused weightlifting.


pumped up

en-adj

pumped up (comparative more pumped up, superlative most pumped up)

more pumped up (comparative)
most pumped up (superlative)

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(informal, bodybuilding) Having muscles in an engorged state following exercise due to increased blood flow.


pumped

pumped (comparative more pumped, superlative most pumped)

more pumped (comparative)
most pumped (superlative)

(slang, bodybuilding) Pumped up; having muscles in an engorged state following exercise.

I was so pumped by the end of the climb that I could barely hold onto the jugs.

(climbing) Very tired, especially when too fatigued to grip handholds well.


pumping iron

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And your partner will be a friend; pumping iron is not a competition.

1994, Aaron Binder, Pumping Iron After Fifty: The Golden Thread to the Self, page 29:

He's just another one of Leo's thugs from the east side. Too much pumping iron jarred his brain loose!

2002, James E. Wollrab, Malfeasance, page 91:

Pumping iron is potentially more productive than aerobic dance, requires less skill training than swimming, produces less damage to the body than running and is less hazardous than bike riding on the open road.

2003, Joseph F. Mullen, Strength Training for Women Only, page 35:

Before he left, however, he worked out with Chase one last time, and encouraged his protégé to keep up with his pumping iron, especially since the youngster was making such impressive strides.

2008, David Marlow, Muscle Bound, page 102:

(weightlifting, informal) The activity of weightlifting, especially for the purposes of bodybuilding.


contest shape

(bodybuilding) A physique made ready for a bodybuilding contest, with minimal body fat and maximum muscle volume.


nomad

From Middle French nomade, from Latin Nomas (“wandering shepherd”), from Ancient Greek νομάς (nomás, “roaming, wandering, esp. to find pasture”), from Ancient Greek νομός (nomós, “pasture”). Compare Numidia.

der

With the recruitment of South Australian football nomad, and eventual legend of the game, Phil Matson, Subiaco would improve considerably in 1912.

2008, John Devaney, Full Points Footy's WA Football Companion, →ISBN, page 282:

Unlike players who were often traded, baseball nomads who carried a hobo's bindle rather than a bat on their shoulders, Musial stayed put in St. Louis.

2014, Wayne Stewart, Stan the Man: The Life and Times of Stan Musial, →ISBN, page 49:

Between 1996 and 2003, Lewis was a baseball nomad. At various times he signed contracts with San Diego, Detroit, Oakland, Cincinnati, Philadelphia, the New York Mets, Cleveland, and the Chicago Cubs.

2015, Pete Cava, Indiana-Born Major League Baseball Players, →ISBN:

(figuratively, sports) A player who changes teams frequently.


dumper

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The choice of a dumper can be disastrous for a comparatively unskilled surfer […]

1959, John Bloomfield, Know-how in the Surf, page 28:

[…] learning how to slide across the face of a wave is put to practical use when inadvertently catching a dumper (plunging wave).

2004, Australian Mathematical Society, Gazette, volume 31, page 249:

(surfing) A wave that knocks a surfer into the water.


hickory

en-noun

hickory (countable and uncountable, plural hickories)

hickories (plural)
pokickery (alternative)
hiccory (alternative)
hickery (alternative)
hickry (alternative)

A shortening of pockerchicory/pokickery/pohickery, from Powhatan pawcohiccora.

What you find out is, if you have good hickories, you can play anywhere from 5,300 yards to 6,100 with no problem.

2012, Lee Pace, The Golden Age of Pinehurst: The Story of the Rebirth of No. 2, page 117:

I still had in my possession thirteen sets of hickories and a good stock of gutty golf balls, […]

2013, Alfie Ward, Fairways! What Fairways?, page 182:

(countable, golf, informal) A club with a head made from hickory wood.


feathered

(rowing) Having the blades of oars or propellers parallel to the direction of motion.


passing

passing (countable and uncountable, plural passings)

→ Japanese: パッシング (passhingu)

(sports) The act of passing a ball etc. to another player.


bootleg

From boot + leg. Originally a nickname given to smugglers in King George III's reign, derived from the smugglers' custom of hiding packages of valuables in their large sea-boots when dodging the king's coastguardsmen.

(American football) A play in which the quarterback fakes a handoff, conceals the ball against his hip, and rolls out.


anklelock

(wrestling) A hold in professional wrestling, a leglock applied to any of the joints in the ankle.


thunderbolt

Substitute Niko Kranjcar's injury-time thunderbolt gave Tottenham a dramatic win over Bolton.

2011 February 5, Michael Kevin Darling, “Tottenham 2 - 1 Bolton”, in BBC:


toepoke

en-verb

toepoke (third-person singular simple present toepokes, present participle toepoking, simple past and past participle toepoked)

toepokes (present singular third-person)
toepoking (participle present)
toepoked (participle past)
toepoked (past)

‘You’re not going to tell me you’re still toepoking at your age,’ his uncle said. ‘See what happens if you don’t kick properly? Look here till I show you.’

1988, Glenn Patterson, Burning Your Own, Minerva, published 1993, →ISBN, page 105:

Clinging on to said defender, viduka, slightly off balance, only manages to tickle the ball with his toecaps, merely toepoking it to the opposition.

2002 April 2, Darren Dootsen, “Does this ound familiar?”, in uk.sport.football.clubs.leeds-united (Usenet):

There are moments today as ever when you catch that joy on the wing: seeing a little girl standing in a shopping trolley singing a nonsense song or a chortling urchin toepoking a football past the toppling figure of his father in the park.

2004, Ferdinand Mount, Mind the Gap: The New Class Divide in Britain, Short Books, page 250

Morrison ran on to a through ball, toepoked it towards the goal, Sorensen went to ground too early and the ball bounced slowly over his chest and nestled in the goal.

2005 January 4, Sumisdad, “Re: So...is it time to bring back Tim?”, in alt.sports.soccer.manchester.united (Usenet):

did he( Ronaldinhio) toepoke that goal or what?

2005 March 9, arby, “Re: chelsea v barca”, in uk.sport.football.clubs.newcastle-united (Usenet):


toepoke

Toepokes are useful in an emergency, particularly when it is impossible to get close to the ball.

1979, Ken Jones, How to Play Soccer, Chartwell Books, →ISBN, page 13:

viduka's toepoke was matched in the second half, but again was wide.

1997 October 3, David Arnold, “[Tunisia - Australia [R]]”, in rec.sport.soccer (Usenet):

I think the ball bounced over his hand, he was in line with the ball but the toepoke bounced higher than he expected.

2002 June 27, William Watson, “Re: Semifinal Brazil - Turkey [R]”, in rec.sport.soccer (Usenet):

3-1is a bit close? Try 1-0, with a toepoke of a goal in the 90'.

2004 August 20, Victoria Barrett, “Re: [082104] When Gut League Saturday Comes”, in uk.sport.football (Usenet):


scorpion kick

association football
association football

(soccer) A rare type of kick in association football where the player dives headlong so his body flies parallel to the ground in a prone position and quickly extends his hips and flexes his knees backwards, so they resemble a scorpion's upright tail, to kick a football passing towards his heels, returning it in the direction it came.


boogie-woogie

en-noun

boogie-woogie (countable and uncountable, plural boogie-woogies)

/ˌbʊɡiˈwʊɡi/

Reduplication of boogie (“party”), of unknown origin.

Ah, everybody was juiced, you can bet your soul / They did the boogie-woogie with a sturdy roll

1953, Ahmet Ertegun (lyrics and music), “Mess Around”, performed by Ray Charles:


ding

en-verb

ding (third-person singular simple present dings, present participle dinging, simple past dinged or (obsolete) dang, past participle dinged or (obsolete) dung)

dings (present singular third-person)
dinging (participle present)
dinged (past)
dang (obsolete past)
dinged (participle past)
dung (obsolete participle past)

From Middle English dingen, dyngen (strong verb), from Old English *dingan (“to ding”), from Proto-West Germanic *dingwan, from Proto-Germanic *dingwaną (“to beat”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰen- (“to beat, push”).
Related to Old English denġan, denċġan (“to ding, knock, beat, strike”, weak verb) and Old Norse dengja (“to hammer”, weak verb); both from Proto-Germanic *dangijaną (“to beat, hammer, peen”), causative of *dingwaną.
Cognate with Icelandic dengja (“to hammer”), Swedish dänga (“to bang, beat”), Danish dænge (“to bang, beat”), German tengeln, dengeln (“to peen”).

cog

(transitive, golf) To mishit (a golf ball).


shaper

From Middle English shapper, shapere, schapare, scaper, scheppere, schuppere, alteration (perhaps due to Old Norse skaperi, skapari) of Old English sċyppend, sċieppend (“shaper; maker; creator”), equivalent to shape + -er. Cognate with Dutch schepper, German Schöpfer, Danish skaber, Swedish skapare, Icelandic skapari.

en:person who designs and builds surfboards

(agent noun) Any agent that shapes (something), whether literally or figuratively.

(surfing) A person who designs and builds surfboards.


glasser

The glasser wraps the board in a thin, brittle layer of fiberglass and resin

1999 January 21, Surfer Magazine, archived from the original on 2005-09-30:

(surfing) A person who applies fibreglass and resin to a surfboard during its manufacture.


rocker

From Middle English rokker, rockere, rokkere, equivalent to rock + -er.

All modern surfboards share a similar rocker design — Bruce Jones https://web.archive.org/web/20051212041317/http://www.brucejones.com/longboar.htm

(surfing) The lengthwise curvature of a surfboard. (More rocker is a more curved board.)


longboard

In the past three weeks on Victoria's Surfcoast I've ridden my longboard probably 90% of the time as well. — Coastalwatch.com.au http://www.coastalwatch.com.au/news/news.aspx?newsId=55&newsType=admin&adType=news

(surfing) A large surfboard, around 9 or 10 feet long with a wide nose.


Huey

en-proper noun

Huey (countable and uncountable, plural Hueys)

The spilt milk would be offered as a gift to Surf God Huey who would surely reward our kindness with sick waves. — surfingnz.com, Road Trip #6

(uncountable, surfing) Imaginary god who creates surf (waves, and associated conditions), generally used humorously.


goat boat

en-verb

goat boat (third-person singular simple present goat boats, present participle goat boating, simple past and past participle goat boated)

goat boats (present singular third-person)
goat boating (participle present)
goat boated (participle past)
goat boated (past)

Do us surfers a favour please and goat boat at Nobblers or Sumpters - please. — BBC Cable Bay message forum https://web.archive.org/web/20040207131935/http://www.bbc.co.uk/wales/northwest/sites/surfing/pages/cablebay.shtml

(surfing, mildly derogatory) to ride a wave ski.


drop in

drop in (third-person singular simple present drops in, present participle dropping in, simple past and past participle dropped in)

drops in (present singular third-person)
dropping in (participle present)
dropped in (participle past)
dropped in (past)

Most beginners are blissfully unaware that dropping in on someone is a cardinal sin.

2003, Neal Miyake, “The Unwritten Rules of Surfing”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name), archived from the original on 2005-10-14:

(surfing, intransitive) To paddle into and take off on a wave another surfer is already riding.


duck dive

duck dive (third-person singular simple present duck dives, present participle duck diving, simple past and past participle duck dived)

duck dives (present singular third-person)
duck diving (participle present)
duck dived (participle past)
duck dived (past)

From the way a duck puts its head down and bottom up in the air when diving underwater.

(surfing) To push one's surfboard (usually a shortboard) underwater nose-first, to get the surfer and board under a wave that has broken or is just about to break.


duck dive

(surfing) The action of duck diving (see verb).


turn turtle

turn turtle (third-person singular simple present turns turtle, present participle turning turtle, simple past and past participle turned turtle)

turns turtle (present singular third-person)
turning turtle (participle present)
turned turtle (participle past)
turned turtle (past)

/ˈtɜːn ˈtɜːtəl/

Possibly from the fact that turning a turtle and placing it on its back renders it helpless.

As you encounter waves on the way out, you have five ways of getting past them: […] Turn turtle. Turn upside down and hang onto the rails (i.e., the edges) near the nose of the board, pulling it downward, so that the oncoming wave pushes on this slanted shield, forcing you and the forward part of the board downward[…].

2009, Robert “Wingnut” Weaver, with Scott Bannerot, “Getting Started: A Complete Mini-primer”, in Wingnut’s Complete Surfing, Camden, Me., New York, N.Y.: International Marine; McGraw-Hill, →ISBN, page 23:

(intransitive, surfing) To roll upside down with one's surfboard (usually a longboard) to allow a wave, especially a wave that has already broken, to pass over.


wind swell

Ground swell is sometimes defined as having a period (the average time between the crests of two consecutive waves) of more than 15 seconds, while a locally generated wind swell can be defined as having a period of 11 seconds or less.

2005, Matt Warshaw, The Encyclopedia of Surfing, page 239:

(surfing) Waves generated by local winds.


riposte

From French riposte, taken from Italian risposta, a derivative of the verb rispondere (“to respond”).

(fencing) A thrust given in return after parrying an attack.


riposte

riposte (third-person singular simple present ripostes, present participle riposting, simple past and past participle riposted)

ripostes (present singular third-person)
riposting (participle present)
riposted (participle past)
riposted (past)
ripost (alternative)

(fencing) To attempt to hit an opponent after parrying an attack.

ripostera

fencing: to attempt to hit an opponent after parrying an attack


ripost

(fencing) A thrust given in return after parrying a lunge.


woodwork

en-noun

woodwork (usually uncountable, plural woodworks)

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From Middle English woodewerk (“carpentry”), equivalent to wood + work.

That goal was so close, it went in off the woodwork.

Carroll thought he had equalised with his header against the bar with eight minutes left. Liverpool claimed the ball had cross the line and Chelsea were grateful for a miraculous intervention from Cech to turn his effort on to the woodwork.

2012 May 5, Phil McNulty, “Chelsea 2-1 Liverpool”, in BBC Sport:

(soccer, rugby) The frame of the goal, i.e. the goalpost or crossbar.


crossbar

From Middle English crose bar, equivalent to cross- + bar.

The effervescent Suarez then went close again as he worked space for a shot after a mazy run but could not keep his close-range shot below the crossbar.

2012 April 22, Sam Sheringham, “Liverpool 0-1 West Brom”, in BBC Sport:


throw-in

(soccer, rugby, basketball, handball) A set-piece where the ball is thrown back into play


kook cord

As recently as 1971, surf leashes were called "kook cords" by a surfing world that grew up thinking that a surfer must pay for his mistakes by swimming.

2000, Ben Marcus, surfline.com http://www.surfline.com/surfaz/surfaz.cfm?id=921


leggie

I'm still top leggie, says Warne [article title]

2004 February 12, Chloe Saltau, The Age:

(cricket, slang) A leg spin bowler, i.e. leg spinner.


pope's living room

From the tube (i.e. tubular wave) being a highly desirable place and imagining the Pope has the privilege of going there or being there all the time.

It was the layback, a casual declaration of civil disobedience in the pope's living room, our own aquatic limbo act.

2001, Jason Borte, surfline.com http://www.surfline.com/surfaz/surfaz.cfm?id=847

(surfing slang) The inside of a tube (i.e. of a wave making a tube).


all-around

(sports) a gymnastic event featuring several individual exercises


beach break

(surfing, slang) The place where waves break, at a beach (as distinguished from other types of breaks).


crosscheck

crosschecks (plural)
cross check (alternative)

(ice hockey) An illegal maneuver where a player strikes another with the shaft of his stick, or the penalty thereby incurred.

(lacrosse) A penalty where a player hits another player with the shaft of their lacrosse stick with their hands spread apart.


crosscheck

en-verb

crosscheck (third-person singular simple present crosschecks, present participle crosschecking, simple past and past participle crosschecked)

crosschecks (present singular third-person)
crosschecking (participle present)
crosschecked (participle past)
crosschecked (past)
cross-check (alternative)
cross check (alternative)

(ice hockey) To commit the infraction of checking an opponent by using the shaft of one's stick with both hands.

He picked up a roughing penalty for crosschecking Montreal’s Andrei Kostitsyn to the ice Tuesday after Kostitsyn hit Boston defenseman Aaron Ward from behind.

2009 January 16, Dave Caldwell, “Goalie Takes a Long Trip to Reach the N.H.L.”, in New York Times:

(lacrosse) To hit another player with the shaft of a lacrosse stick.


periodization

en-noun

periodization (countable and uncountable, plural periodizations)

periodizations (plural)
periodisation (alternative)

(weightlifting, sports) Training in segments of a few weeks or months, so that training begins at lower intensity and is gradually increased to high intensity.


Premiership

/ˈpɹɛmɪəʃɪp/

(British, soccer) the Premier League of English association football

(British, rugby) Premiership Rugby, the top division of English rugby union


who ate all the pies

Who ate all the pies? Who ate all the pies? You fat bastard, you fat bastard, you ate all the pies. Loser!

(British, soccer, colloquial, derogatory, rhetorical question) Used pejoratively against a fat person.


featherbed

featherbeds (plural)
feather bed (alternative)

(cricket) A soft, slow pitch of predictable bounce.


hammy

He put his palms flat on the ground, then grabbed the back of his knees, stretching his hammies for the millionth time that morning.

1999, Melissa Lucashenko, Hard Yards, University of Queensland Press, page 129:

“A move like this would have been inpossible for me before yoga,” he said. “Flexibilty-wise, I was struggling. My hammies were tight, my groin was tight. My hips have really benefited.”

2003, John Capouya, Real Men Do Yoga: 21 Star Athletes Reveal Their Secrets for Strength, Flexibility and Peak Performance, page 150:

I've noticed that although cycling keeps me reasonably "cardio fit", I am losing general flexibility, e.g. when touching my toes. This is despite me stretching my quads, calves, and hammies during and after my training rides.

2003 June 10, Andrew Swan, “Good complementary exercise to cycling?”, in aus.bicycle (Usenet):

2004, J. L. Roberts, Braggin' Rights: Fantasy Football Rewind 2004 (2003 Season Recap), AuthorHouse USA, page 83,
A slow start and hammy injury were major contributors.

(US, Australia, New Zealand, chiefly sports, slang) The hamstring.

A: I′m only just getting fully fit now after that hammy [hamstring tear].

2000, Mark B. Andersen, Doing Sport Psychology, page 96:

Why he went back on after 3/4 time is beyond me. If he was trying to prove a point he has all season to do that not do your hammy in the first game.

2009 March 26, Phil, “So Cousins does a hammy”, in aus.sport.aussie-rules (Usenet):

(US, Australia, New Zealand, chiefly sports, slang) A hamstring injury.


tail pad

And it's cheap—a bar of wax usually costs around $1.00 and will last for weeks (depending on how often you surf), whereas a tail pad (the cheapest deck grip you can buy) costs around $30.

2009, Louise Southerden, Surf's Up: The Girl's Guide to Surfing:

(surfing) A deck grip pad at the rear (ie. tail) of a surfboard, for the surfer's back foot to stand on.


deck grip

(surfing) Rubber non-slip pads glued to the top of a surfboard to stand on.


cutback

cutback (countable and uncountable, plural cutbacks)

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The cutback is one of the sport's three fundamental turns, along with the bottom turn and top turn. "It's the purest power move in the book," Australian surf journalist Nick Carroll wrote in 2000.

2005, Matt Warshaw, The Encyclopedia of Surfing, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, →ISBN, page 146:

(surfing) Maneuver where the surfer turns and surfs back towards where the wave is breaking.

Lee Barnard swung at Chaplow's cutback and missed completely and then was just too far away to connect with Harding's flashing ball across the face of goal.

2011 January 29, Ian Hughes, “Southampton 1 - 2 Man Utd”, in BBC:

Before the interval an Alibade strike ricocheted off the back of Bright after Ifeoma Onumonu’s cutback. Then in added time Uchenna Kanu smacked a header off the top of the bar.

2023 August 7, Suzanne Wrack, “England beat Nigeria on penalties to reach Women’s World Cup quarter-finals”, in The Guardian:

(soccer) An offensive pass played into a position further from the attacking goal line.


closeout

Dealing with closeouts is something every surfer should learn – especially if you live and surf in California.

2004, Chris Cote, “HOW TO Backside Closeout Snap with Andy Irons - Ending your ride with style and drama.”, in Transworld Surf:

(surfing) A wave which breaks all at once, as opposed to breaking progressively along its length.


close out

en-verb

close out (third-person singular simple present closes out, present participle closing out, simple past and past participle closed out)

closes out (present singular third-person)
closing out (participle present)
closed out (participle past)
closed out (past)

You either want to land on the top of the wave (if it has closed out), or in the transition

2005, 'Pete Devries, Surfing Vancouver Island:

(surfing) Of a wave, to break all at once, instead of progressively along its length.


hit and run

en-noun

hit and run (countable and uncountable, plural hit and runs)

hit and runs (plural)
hit-and-run (alternative)

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(baseball) A play where the baserunners leave their base before the batter hits the ball, assuming that the batter will in fact hit the ball and this will give them an advantage.


hit and run

en-verb

hit and run (third-person singular simple present hits and runs, present participle hitting and running, simple past hit and ran, past participle hit and run)

hits and runs (present singular third-person)
hitting and running (participle present)
hit and ran (past)
hit and run (participle past)
hit-and-run (alternative)

This manager, in keeping with all other famous managers, believed that batting was the thing which won games. He developed a hard-hitting team. He kept everlastingly at them to hit and run, hit and run.

1920, Zane Grey, “The Manager of Madden's Hill”, in The Redheaded Outfield:

(baseball) To leave the base before the batter hits the ball.


rock hard

rock-hard (alternative)
rockhard (alternative)

He was pale but rock-hard from exercise, and still had a grunt's haircut.

2007-2008, quoted in Best Newspaper Writing, 2007-2008, page 367

Workout complete – Miles body was rock hard.

2010, Andre Maxwell Jacob, And Then There Was Life!, page 229:

(bodybuilding) With muscles developed and toned to a high degree, especially the muscles of the abdomen.


eight pack

eight packs (plural)
eight-pack (alternative)

You could be one of those genetically gifted individuals who has the potential to show off an eight-pack instead of a six.

2006, David Zinczenko, The Abs Diet, page 263:

(bodybuilding) An exceptionally well-developed set of abdominal muscles in which eight distinct portions of muscle are visible.


guns

And there's still no better way to throw down the fitness gauntlet than to roll up your sleeves and unveil some powerful guns.

2005, Joe Kita, editor, Men's Health Best: Arms, page 6:

I read in another magazine about a workout that can put a whole inch on your arms in just one day! Obviously that sounds awesome, because my guns are only 15 inches.

2010, Mark Alvisi (quote from a reader), "Mark of a Champion", Muscular Development 47(1): 350

(bodybuilding, slang) Well-developed muscles of the upper arm, especially the biceps and triceps.


pythons

Apparently originating from an analogy between the distention of the arm muscles and the distended belly of a python that has swallowed a large animal.

I read in another magazine about a workout that can put a whole inch on your arms in just one day! Obviously that sounds awesome, because my guns are only 15 inches. I figure I could do this workout every couple months and within a year, I will have the big 20-inch pythons!

(bodybuilding, slang) Large and well-developed muscles in the upper arm.


muscle dysmorphia

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(bodybuilding, psychology) A disorder in which a person becomes obsessed with the idea that they are not muscular enough.


compo

en-noun

compo (countable and uncountable, plural compos)

(cricket) A type of practice cricket ball made of cork and rubber.


hang ten

en-verb

hang ten (third-person singular simple present hangs ten, present participle hanging ten, simple past and past participle hung ten)

hangs ten (present singular third-person)
hanging ten (participle present)
hung ten (participle past)
hung ten (past)

(surfing) To perform a stunt on a longboard in which a surfer moves to the front of the board and rides with ten toes extended out over the nose, after positioning the board so the back of it is covered and held in place by a wave.


hang five

hang five (third-person singular simple present hangs five, present participle hanging five, simple past and past participle hung five)

hangs five (present singular third-person)
hanging five (participle present)
hung five (participle past)
hung five (past)

(surfing) To perform a longboard move where the surfer goes to the front of the board and rides from there, one foot on the nose and the five toes of that foot extended out over the front of the nose, the other foot placed further back.


cheater five

(surfing) A form of hang five move, but where the surfer keeps their body and their weight well back from the front of the board and just reaches out with one leg to get five toes over the nose (as opposed to standing properly at the front).


coffin ride

(surfing) A longboard move where the surfer lies down on their back on the board with hands folded across their chest as if in a coffin, and continues down the line in that pose.


twelfth man

(cricket, rare in the plural) A designated substitute player who may field but not bat or bowl.

(sports) Collectively, the fans of a team in many eleven-a-side sports, seen as helping the team to succeed.


second string

(sports) A unit of players which is considered to have a secondary level of talent and which usually plays after the first string.


tweener

Crowder was 6-foot-6 and 230 pounds, so those scouts naturally called him a tweener — a power forward in a wing player’s body. The Celtics forward admits to even going along with the stereotype.

2015 June 22, Mark Murphy, “NBA Draft: Celtics” Jae Crowder heads up NBA trend for ex-tweeners”, in Boston Herald:

“Isaac plays fast, never stops,” said Coach Parker, who labels him as “a tweener.” ¶ That means he’s big and strong enough to take care of business in the middle of the line, and quick and agile enough to cover the flanks and harass the quarterback.

2023 August 24, Fred Jeter, “VUU’s Anderson draws national ‘Watch’”, in Richmond Free Press:

(informal) A person or thing that is between two categories, classes or age groups.

(sports, chiefly basketball) A person who plays at two positions, especially if not good enough at either to be restricted to it.

Undoubtedly, his record versus welterweights (147 pounds) is better than against full-blown middleweights (160 pounds). Being a tweener, Graziano probably would have campaigned as a junior middleweight (154 pounds) if he fought today.

2023, Rod Honecker, Brick City Grudge Match: Tony Zale and Rocky Graziano Battle in Newark, 1948, Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company, →ISBN, page 146:

(boxing) A boxer in various newcomer weight classes whose names often contain super, light or junior.

There are old-school wrestlers, submission wrestlers, hardcore wrestlers, hillbilly wrestlers, masked Mexican lucha libre wrestlers, shoot wrestlers, and wrestlers who just talk a lot and never actually wrestle. There are babyfaces (good guys), heels (bad guys), ’tweeners, and crossovers.

2006, Thomas Hackett, Slaphappy: Pride, Prejudice, and Professional Wrestling, New York, NY: HarperCollins, →ISBN, page 21:

When Crockett hit TBS, [Ric] Flair was a babyface within its territory, but a heel in the areas he visited as champion, so it compromised, and on TBS, he became a “tweener” who took on all comers.

2015 May, David Bixenspan, “The Real World Champion”, in Fighting Spirit Magazine, number 118, Bournemouth: Uncooked Media Ltd, →ISSN, page 53:

professional wrestling
professional wrestling

professional wrestler
professional wrestler

(professional wrestling, slang) A professional wrestler who is neutral or morally ambiguous; neither a face nor a heel, or showing no favoritism to either allegiance.

The No 2 seed dismissed the challenge of the world No 82, Panna Udvardy of Hungary, in just over an hour with eight aces, 27 winners and even a tweener, treating the crowd to her power and athleticism on her return to Wimbledon after missing the event last year because of the ban on Russians and Belarusians competing.

2023 July 4, Simon Cambers, “Sabalenka and Jabeur delight the crowds with a tweener and touch”, in The Guardian:

(sports, chiefly tennis) A shot that is hit between the legs.


cauliflower ear

en-noun

cauliflower ear (plural cauliflower ears)

A huge man with a notable cauliflower ear was peering into the car, a scowl of suspicion upon his face.

1928 February 25 – March 3, Arthur Conan Doyle, “When the World Screamed”, in The Professor Challenger Stories […], London: John Murray, […], published [1952], →OCLC, page 560:

Having gone in a lot for boxing from his earliest years, he had the cauliflower ear of which I had spoken to Aunt Dahlia and in addition to this a nose which some hidden hand had knocked slightly out of the straight.

1960, P[elham] G[renville] Wodehouse, chapter III, in Jeeves in the Offing, London: Herbert Jenkins, →OCLC:

(boxing, wrestling, sports) An ear swollen and deformed by repeated blows, common among boxers and rugby players.


spin bowler

(cricket) A bowler who bowls the ball (in cricket) relatively slowly, with spin on it, such that the ball moves in an irregular manner after it bounces; as opposed to a fast bowler.


muscleman

musclemen (plural)
muscle man (alternative)

(bodybuilding) A man with developed muscles.


lacrosse

Borrowed from Canadian French la crosse (“the stick”).

bor+

(sports) A sport played on a field between two opposing teams using sticks (crosses) and a ball, whereby one team defeats the other by scoring more goals within the allotted time.


Paralympian

From Paralympic + -ian (suffix with the sense ‘having a certain profession’ forming nouns, or with the sense ‘from, like, or related to’ forming adjectives). Paralympic is a blend of paraplegic + Olympic; the Paralympic Games were originally organized for persons with paraplegia from spinal injuries, but are now participated in by sportspersons with all kinds of disabilities.

suffix

DICK MADURO … Paralympian

1960 September 19, Amaldo Cortesi, “Paralympic Games open at Rome Olympics site”, in St. Petersburg Times, volume 77, number 57, St. Petersburg, Fla.: The Times Publishing Co., →OCLC, section C (Sports), image caption, page 4-C, column 3:

These are the "Paralympians," the wheelchair athletes of the world, whose own Olympics will be held in Tokyo immediately after the regular Olympiad. […] I spoke to two young Paralympians from the Long Beach area the other day, Frank Vecera and Bill Johnson. "I am only half here," Frank Vecera confided. He smiled when he said it.

1964 September 30, Jim Murray, “Better half”, in Nick B[oddie] Williams, editor, Los Angeles Times, volume LXXXIII, number 291, Los Angeles, Calif.: Times Mirror Company, →OCLC, part III (Sports), page 1, columns 1–2:

Our athletes, Olympians and Paralympians, joined together in April to represent the 1994 U.S. Olympic Team in a visit to President [Bill] Clinton at the White House.

1994 August 11, LeRoy T. Walker, “Prepared Statement of Dr. LeRoy T. Walker”, in Oversight of Activities of the Olympic Committee: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Consumer of the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, United States Senate, One Hundred Third Congress, Second Session […] (S. Hrg. 103-724), Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, →ISBN, page 17:

In the summer of 1996, our nation cheered the performance and achievements of the U.S. women Olympians and Paralympians. The images of strong, active women were inspiring, a long way from the days when females were relegated to "lady-like" sports and young girls were left on the sidelines while their brothers played.

1997 spring, Sandra Perlmutter, “Message from the President’s Council on Physical Fitness and Sports”, in Linda K. Bunker, editor, Physical Activity & Sport in the Lives of Girls: Physical & Mental Health Dimensions from an Interdisciplinary Approach: Executive Summary: The President’s Council on Physical Fitness and Sports: Report […], Washington, D.C.: President’s Council on Physical Fitness and Sports, →OCLC, page 5:

Marla [Runyan] has been legally blind for more than 20 years. Marla ran the 1500-meter race at the Sydney Summer Olympics in 2000 to finish eighth, while becoming the first Paralympian to compete in the Olympics.

2003 December, Susan Greenwald, “Victories by and for the Disabled”, in Michael J. Bandler, editor, U.S. Society & Values: Electronic Journal of the U.S. Department of State: Sports in America, volume 8, number 2, Washington, D.C.: Bureau of International Information Programs, U.S. Department of State, →OCLC, page 20, column 2:

James Mastro is a seven-time paralympian who has earned ten medals in four different sports and is a professor in the department of professional and physical education at Bemidji State University in Bemidji, Minnesota.

2014, James Mastro, Christopher Ahrens, Nathan Statton, “Paralympians are Inspirations for All”, in Thomas Riggs & Company, editor, Are Athletes Good Role Models? (At Issue), Farmington Hills, Minn.: Greenhaven Press, Gale, Cengage Learning, →ISBN, page 55:

Many authors caution us against overusing terms like “amazing” relative to Paralympians’ achievements, and all scholars encourage us to treat them respectfully in linguistic terms that get rid of labels ranging from “supercrips” to “exotics.” […] Many such Paralympians simply want to be known as sportspeople, their various activities known as sport, if adaptive.

2018, Linda K. Fuller, “Gendered Implications of Olympic and the Paralympic Events”, in Female Olympian and Paralympian Events: Analyses, Backgrounds, and Timelines, Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan, Springer International Publishing, →DOI, →ISBN, page 15:

[…] [Tatiane] Hilgemberg [Figueiredo] shows how the media began to use more sports-related terms in describing paralympians but notes also the continued persistence of the medical model and supercrip stereotypes within the coverage.

2019, Mike Kent, Rachel Robertson, Katie Ellis, Rosemarie Garland-Thomson, “Looking to the Future for Critical Disability Studies”, in Katie Ellis, Rosemarie Garland-Thomson, Mike Kent, Rachel Robertson, editors, Interdisciplinary Approaches to Disability: Looking towards the Future (Interdisciplinary Disability Studies), volume 2, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, New York, N.Y.: Routledge, →ISBN:

Through all the challenges Paralympians face, the number of athletes at each Games continue to grow in both winter and summer sports due, in part, to additional media coverage in many countries and more programs developing throughout the world. Even with mountains in their way, Paralympians still find a way to succeed.

2019, Josh Pauls, “From Humble Beginnings”, in Lessons Learned: My Journey to the Podium, Victoria, B.C.: FriesenPress, →ISBN, page 103:

(sports) One who competes in the Paralympic Games.

بَارَالَمْبِيّ

one who competes in the Paralympic Games


Paralympian

en-adj

Paralympian (comparative more Paralympian, superlative most Paralympian)

more Paralympian (comparative)
most Paralympian (superlative)

As girls and women of all stripes of ability around the world are encouraged to become involved in sport, and as nearly all nations submit Paralympian females, it is hoped that support for fellow athletes—emotionally as well as economically, is part of that process.

2014, Linda K. Fuller, “Gendered Implications of Olympic and the Paralympic Events”, in Female Olympian and Paralympian Events: Analyses, Backgrounds, and Timelines, Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan, Springer International Publishing, published 2018, →DOI, →ISBN, page 15:

Should we be inspired by Paralympian achievement? Commentator Frances Ryan recently counselled Guardian readers to be careful to think through their reactions to disabled "superhuman" athletes and academic poster boys like Professor Stephen Hawking. Treat people with disabilities just like everyone else, is the argument.

2016 September 15, Tom Shakespeare, “Disabled People Don’t Want to Be Your Inspiration, but If They Are It’s No Surprise”, in The Conversation, Parkville, Melbourne, Vic.: The Conversation Media Group, archived from the original on 2020-11-03:

There was a real fear that not all Paralympians would be able to attend the games because the Paralympian athletes' travel grants were paid 3 weeks' late.

2019, Clare O’Donoghue, “Discourses/4. Brazil: Accessing the Rights of Children with Disabilities: Attitudes towards and Challenges for SEND in Brazil”, in Federico Farini, Angela Scollan, editors, Children’s Self-determination in the Context of Early Childhood Education and Services: Discourses, Policies and Practices (International Perspectives on Early Childhood Education and Development; 25), Cham, Switzerland: Springer Nature, →DOI, →ISBN, →ISSN, part II (Discourses), page 193:

Of or pertaining to a Paralympian (“one who competes in the Paralympic Games”).

Funds sought for ‘Paralympian’ trip [article title] […] At present, however, the Long Beach resident has more than records on his mind, mainly getting a representative U.S. team to the 1964 "paralympics" to be held in Tokyo Nov. 8–12. [Frank] Vecera is on a fund-raising drive for the six California athletes selected to perform on this year's team. The tab for transporting the six to Tokyo is $3,900.

1964 August 20, “Funds sought for ‘Paralympian’ trip”, in Nick B[oddie] Williams, editor, Los Angeles Times, volume LXXXIII, number 250, Los Angeles, Calif.: Times Mirror Company, →OCLC, part III (Sports), page 8, columns 2–3:

So they disqualified [Jody] Cundy on the spot. And it must be said, [Alfonso] Cabello's coaches covered themselves in little glory by registering their own protest that Cundy should not be allowed a restart. True Paralympian spirit, eh, senors?

2012 August 31, Mike Walters, “Why the commissionaires’ handling of Jody Cundy has been a disgrace to the Paralympics”, in Daily Mirror, London: Reach plc, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2017-05-08:

Offering paralympian dreams to young amputees [article title]

2017 October 18, “Offering paralympian dreams to young amputees”, in Khmer Times, Phnom Penh, Cambodia: Virtus Media, →OCLC:

Just as with the Olympic Games, Paralympian ones continue to change.

Of or pertaining to the Paralympic Games; Paralympic.


popinjay

/ˈpɑpənˌd͡ʒeɪ/

From Middle English popinjay, popyngeay, popingay, popejay, from Anglo-Norman papegai, papejoie et al., (northern) Old French papejai (“parrot”), probably from Old Occitan papagay (compare Occitan papagai, Catalan papagai), ultimately from Arabic بَبْغَاء (babḡāʔ, “parrot”), of imitative origin.

(archery) A target to shoot at, typically stuffed with feathers or plumage.


pop out

en-verb

pop out (third-person singular simple present pops out, present participle popping out, simple past and past participle popped out)

pops out (present singular third-person)
popping out (participle present)
popped out (participle past)
popped out (past)

(baseball, softball) To be retired after three strikes, including a popout (pop fly) on the third strike.


muscularity

en-noun

muscularity (countable and uncountable, plural muscularities)

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Focussed exercise brought out the muscularity in her calves.

(bodybuilding) The degree to which the muscles in a body part are developed.


vascularity

vascularity (countable and uncountable, plural vascularities)

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Reduced bodyfat brought out the vascularity in his arms.

(bodybuilding): The degree to which the veins in a body part are visible.


muscle shirt

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So called because they display the muscles; these shirts were stereotypically associated with surfers and bodybuilders.

(bodybuilding) A sleeveless shirt tailored to display the muscles of the body.

背心 (bèixīn) (no exact equivalent exists; lit. "sleeveless shirt")


scuba diving

(underwater diving) Underwater swimming using scuba equipment.


combined

The race events are downhill, slalom, giant slalom, Super G, and combineds, with each giving points in the same way.

1985, Skiing, volume 37, number 7, page 16:


blow out

en-verb

blow out (third-person singular simple present blows out, present participle blowing out, simple past blew out, past participle blown out)

blows out (present singular third-person)
blowing out (participle present)
blew out (past)
blown out (participle past)

From Middle English blow out, blowe out, dissimilated forms of earlier Middle English outblowen, ut-blawen (> English outblow), equivalent to blow + out. Compare West Frisian útblaze (“to blow out”), Dutch uitblazen (“to blow out”), German ausblähen and ausblasen (“to blow out”), Danish blæse ud (“to blow out”), Swedish blåsa ut (“to blow out”).

The No. 1-rated football team proceeded to blow out its undermanned opponent.

(sports, transitive) In a sporting contest, to dominate and defeat an opposing team, especially by a large scoring margin.


blowout

The game between the two teams was nothing but a blowout.

In World Cup soccer, Mexico defeated Cameroon one to nothing. Or as it's known in soccer, a blowout.

2014, Norm Macdonald Live, season 2, episode 12, spoken by Norm Macdonald:

This is not a land of blowouts. It’s a middle ground, and that’s reflected in voter registration rolls. Nearly 2.6 million North Carolinians declare themselves unaffiliated, while just over 2.4 million identify as Democrats and just under 2.2 million as Republicans. We don’t tilt. We teeter.

2023 May 4, Frank Bruni, “Republicans Are Running Wild in My State”, in The New York Times:

(slang, chiefly sports) A contest that is decidedly one-sided; an overwhelming victory.


kooky

en-adj

kooky (comparative kookier, superlative kookiest)

kookier (comparative)
kookiest (superlative)
kookie (alternative)

From Kook to Classic A new appreciation for the grace (and glory) of longboardsmanship changed the image of longboarding from kooky to classic. Longboarding became a class-act and the classic essence of the surfing lifestyle.

1996, Doug Werner, Longboarder's Start-up: A Guide to Longboard Surfing (Start-up Sports; #6), San Diego, Calif.: Tracks Publishing, →ISBN, page 10:

I realized that the strain of the aloha spirit that surfing was bringing out in me was extremely aggressive. […] In my third week I had a revelation. I returned to Seal Beach, where Kim was still in school with the Michaels, and paddled straight out to the pier. I looked around and realized that the lineup was all kooks. In fact, I was the least kooky. I couldn't believe it. Where was the gang?

2010, Peter Heller, Kook: What Surfing Taught Me about Love, Life, and Catching the Perfect Wave, New York, N.Y.: Free Press, →ISBN:

(surfing) Behaving like a kook (a person with poor style or skill); kook-like.


on-side kick

on-side kicks (plural)
onside kick (alternative)

(sports) A play in American football whereby the team performing the kick-off kicks the ball the minimum distance (ten yards in most levels of play) in an attempt to immediately regain possession of the ball.


slips

(cricket) the area of the field covered by fielders in the slip positions; the slip fielders collectively


slog-sweep

(cricket) a shot played, on one knee, with a horizontal bat, hitting the ball hard into the air on the leg side


slog-sweep

en-verb

slog-sweep (third-person singular simple present slog-sweeps, present participle slog-sweeping, simple past and past participle slog-swept)

slog-sweeps (present singular third-person)
slog-sweeping (participle present)
slog-swept (participle past)
slog-swept (past)


kisser

(archery) A button on a bowstring that indicates consistent height when drawing a bow, for example by being placed against the archer's mouth .


marker

en-noun

marker (countable and uncountable, plural markers)

marker interface → marker interface pattern

He skipped past Marc Wilson before clipping a delicious cross into the Stoke danger zone, where Cisse's sharp movement allowed him to escape marker Robert Huth and send a far-post header crashing against the crossbar. And Cabaye was waiting to pounce on the rebound with a close range header.

2012 April 21, Jonathan Jurejko, “Newcastle 3-0 Stoke”, in BBC Sport:

(sports) A player on defense used to mark one or more offensive players.

(Philippines, informal, basketball, volleyball) A point, unit of scoring in a game or competition.


bouldering

(climbing) Climbing, without ropes, on large boulders or boulder-sized objects.


three-quarter

England's superior conditioning began to show in the final quarter and as the game began to break up, their three-quarters began to stamp their authority on the game. And when Foden went on a mazy run from inside his own 22 and put Ashton in for a long-range try, any threat of an upset was when and truly snuffed out.

2011 September 18, Ben Dirs, “Rugby World Cup 2011: England 41-10 Georgia”, in BBC Sport:

(rugby) A player positioned between the half-backs and the full-backs (properly a three-quarter back)


flamethrower

flamethrowers (plural)
flame thrower (alternative)
flame-thrower (alternative)

/ˈfleɪmˌθɹəʊ.ə/

From flame + thrower, calque of German Flammenwerfer.

"We allowed him to kind of orchestrate the whole offense, and he got comfortable early," George said. "He's a flamethrower. Once he gets hot, it's over."

2017 April 11, “Mike Conley Rewards Grizzlies’ Faith With a Career Season”, in The New York Times, New York, N.Y.: The New York Times Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2018-01-27:

So when we see guys like that open, we gotta give them the ball. Especially Bryn [Forbes], he's a flamethrower. The guy is one of the best shooters I've been around, so to have him going in the game, it's much needed for us. We need him to get going. We need him to hit shots.

2021 June 15, Eric Nehm, quoting Khris Middleton, “How Giannis Antetokounmpo and Khris Middleton manipulated the Nets' defense in Game 4”, in The Athletic, archived from the original on 2023-07-04:

Unlike steroids, these supposedly illegal substances were not used in secret. There was an understanding that it was in everyone's best interest — pitchers and hitters alike — for today's flamethrowers to have a good grip on the ball.

2021 June 15, Jesse Campigotto, “Baseball has a sticky situation on its hands”, in CBC News, archived from the original on 2023-07-04:

(basketball, baseball, slang) Someone who is extremely good at throwing or shooting balls.


carbide

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(cycling) trivial name for calcium carbide (CaC₂), used to produce acetylene in bicycle lamps in the early 1900s.


kesho-mawashi

Borrowed from Japanese 化粧廻し (“ornamental belt”).

(sumo) A decorative mawashi worn by a sekitori during the ring-entering ceremony.


sticky wicket

(cricket) A pitch that has become wet because of rain and therefore on which the ball bounces unpredictably.


thruster

From thrust + -er. The surfboard sense was coined (but never trademarked) by Simon Anderson, who created the design in 1980. The name was almost immediately applied generically to any surfboard with that fin design.

(surfing) A surfboard (usually a shortboard) with three fins of approximately equal size, one centred at the back, one on each side about 25cm forward and out near the rails.


yokozuna

From Japanese 横綱(よこづな) (yokozuna, “wide rope”), the symbol of their rank worn about the waist.

A yokozuna is the very highest rank in sumo – “just like Mameha's position in Gion,” as Nobu explained it to me. I had no reason to doubt him; but if Mameha ever took half as much time entering a party as these yokozuna took entering the ring, she'd certainly never be invited back.

1997, Arthur Golden, Memoirs of a Geisha, Vintage, page 202:

(sumo) The highest rank of sumo wrestler, above ozeki; grand champion.

What mattered most was that, from the very top of the Nihon Sumo Kyōkai, Yokozuna Akebono had been shown respect.

2006, Mark Panek, Gaijin Yokozuna: A Biography of Chad Rowan, page 265:

(sumo) A person holding the rank, either competing at the rank or retired after having achieved it.


ozeki

Terunofuji is the first in 64 years to be promoted to ozeki after spending two tournaments as a komusubi or sekiwake and the first since the season went to six meets in 1958.

2015 May 27, “Terunofuji promoted to ozeki after victory”, in Japan Times, archived from the original on 2018-05-09:

Former ozeki Hokutenyu, who held sumo’s second-highest rank for 44 tournaments […] died of kidney cancer at a Tokyo hospital on Friday at the age of 45.

2006 June 25, “Former ozeki Hokutenyu dies at 45”, in Japan Times:

(sumo) A sumo wrestler ranking below yokozuna and above sekiwake; champion.


sekiwake

Are there special standards for promotion to sekiwake or komusubi? No. The same standards apply as for promotion within the maegashira ranks.

2018, “Standards for Sumo ranking chart”, in Ozumo.com, archived from the original on 2018-04-17:

Sekiwake Tochinoshin (3-2) picked up a much-needed win against komusubi Chiyotairyu (1-4) after suffering his second loss the previous day.

2018 March 15, “Kakuryu makes most of second opportunity against Takarafuji”, in Japan Times, archived from the original on 2018-04-21:

(sumo) A sumo wrestler ranked below ozeki and above komusubi.


komusubi

(sumo) A sumo wrestler of the lowest sanyaku rank, below sekiwake and above maegashira.


maegashira

(sumo) the highest salaried rank of sumo wrestler, below komusubi and above juryo; the lowest rank in the makuuchi division


juryo

Borrowed from Japanese 十両(じゅうりょう) (jūryō, “ten ryō”), from Middle Chinese 十 (dʒip, “ten”) + 兩 (ljáng, “tael”).

ja-r

十両(じゅうりょう) (jūryō, “ten ryō”)

(sumo) The second highest division in sumo wrestling, below makuuchi and above makushita; rikishi at this point receive a salary.


makuuchi

Japanese 幕内 (maku-uchi まくうち, "inside the curtain"), from Middle Chinese 幕 (mak "curtain", "covering") + Japanese うち (uchi "inside").

(sumo) The highest division of sumo wrestling, above juryo, comprising the yokozuna, ozeki, sekiwake, komusubi and maegashira ranks.


sanyaku

Borrowed from Japanese 三役, literally "three ranks".

(sumo) Any of the three highest ranks of sumo wrestler: komusubi, sekiwake and ozeki, together with the honorary title of yokozuna.


makushita

(sumo) The third highest division of professional sumo wrestling, below juryo; the lowest division at which a salary is paid.


dohyo

(sumo) The ring, made of compacted clay, in which a sumo wrestling match is held.


dohyo-iri

(sumo) a ring-entering ceremony performed by rikishi, in the juryo and higher divisions, upon entering the dohyo


rikishi

From Japanese 力士 (りきし rikishi), from Middle Chinese 力士 (lik-dʐí), from Old Chinese 力士 (*k.rək m-s-rəʔ "man of great strength"), from 力 ("strength") + 士 ("man", "soldier").


dohyo matsuri

(sumo) A Shinto ceremony in which the dohyo is purified and blessed prior to each basho.


honbasho

(sumo) Any of the six official sumo tournaments.


sandshoe crusher

en-noun

sandshoe crusher (plural sandshoe crushers)

The term refers to the ball crushing the foot of the batsman, if not played with their bat. Sandshoe is not literal though: batsmen wear sturdy boots, not sandshoes, when batting.

Tony Greig was Australia's main stumbling block to victory. 'Thommo' worked out a solution to the problem, dismissing Greig in the 2nd innings with his famous 'sandshoe crusher'!

2002, “Cricket in the 70s”, in ABC TV, archived from the original on 2003-12-10:

(cricket) A yorker bowled at the batsman's feet.


tombstone

en-verb

tombstone (third-person singular simple present tombstones, present participle tombstoning, simple past and past participle tombstoned)

tombstones (present singular third-person)
tombstoning (participle present)
tombstoned (participle past)
tombstoned (past)
tomb-stone (alternative)

Before the contest even started, Slater went down hard in a warmup session. He took a two-wave hold-down in the semifinals, his board tombstoning eerily for all to see, […]

2005, Bruce Jenkins, Surfer magazine, (referring to Kelly Slater) http://surfermag.com/features/events/mav05/

(surfing) For a surfboard to stand upright half-submerged in the water (like a tombstone, above) because the surfer is underwater with his or her legrope pulled tight. Often this indicates a surfer in difficulty, either held down by the power of a wave or unconscious and unable to get to the surface.


half-tracker

We'd got ourselves into a great position, and if I'd hit that half-tracker for six, we would've won the game.

2004 February 16, Darren Lehmann, “Blue boy Phelps goes blazing on a sunny afternoon”, in The Sydney Morning Herald:

(cricket) A ball bowled so as to pitch roughly half way down the wicket, ie. half-way between batsman and bowler. (From a slow bowler this is a poor delivery, likely to be hit to the boundary.)


reef rash

en-noun

reef rash (countable and uncountable, plural reef rashes)

Even mild cases of reef rash can be worrisome, as any break in the skin while in the tropics can lead to a staph infection.

2005, Matt Warshaw, The Encyclopedia of Surfing, page 498:

(surfing) A scraping injury caused by falling on or being dragged over a reef.


akeni

(sumo) A box used by sekitori to store their personal items.


sekitori

(sumo) A rikishi, of rank juryo and above, who draws a salary.


amasumo

From Japanese アマ相撲 (ama-sumō); ama is a shortening of English amateur.


ani-deshi

(sumo) The senior rikishi in a particular heya.


oyakata

(sumo) retired rikishi who have reached a certain standing; they either become shisho or help train in others' heya


banzuke

(sumo) the document, published six times a year, before each basho, showing the official rankings of all rikishi


jungyo

Borrowed from Japanese 巡業 (じゅんぎょう, jungyō), from Middle Chinese 巡 (zwin, “to make rounds, tour”) + 業 (ngjæp, “work”).

ja-l/helper

巡業 (じゅんぎょう, jungyō)

ja-l

巡業 (じゅんぎょう, jungyō)

der

(sumo) A regional tour, undertaken between honbashos, during which the rikishi give exhibition matches.


jun-yusho

(sumo) The second-place position, behind yusho, at the end of a basho; often shared by more than one rikishi.


yusho

From Japanese 優勝 (“victory, championship”).

(sumo) The top-ranking position at the end of a basho; the championship.


bintsuke

(sumo) A wax, derived from soy, used in cosmetics, and to groom the topknot of a sekitori.


chankonabe

Borrowed from Japanese ちゃんこ鍋 (chankonabe).

(sumo) The staple diet of rikishi: a stew of meat, seafood and vegetables.


chikara gami

From Japanese 力紙 (chikara-gami, “strength paper”).

bor

(sumo) Sheets of paper used by rikishi to wipe their lips after the ritual cleansing with chikara mizu.


chikara mizu

From Japanese 力水 (chikara mizu, “strength water”).

(sumo) Water used by rikishi to ritually cleanse the mouth before a match.


daigappei

(sumo) a jungyo tour that features all the rikishi of jonidan rank or higher


jonidan

(sumo) The division of sumo wrestlers above jonokuchi and below sandanme, containing the highest number of rikishi.


jonokuchi

(sumo) A member of the lowest division of sumo wrestlers (below jonidan) to which new recruits are promoted after their first tournament.


sandanme

(sumo) the division of sumo wrestlers above jonidan and below makushita


danpatsushiki

Borrowed from Japanese 断髪式 (danpatsushiki).

(sumo) The ceremony in which the topknot of a retiring rikishi is cut off.


intai-zumo

From Japanese 引退相撲 (intai-zumō, literally “retirement sumo”).

(sumo) A one-day exhibition tournament to commemorate the retirement of a salaried rikishi.


degeiko

(sumo) A practice session between rikishi of competing heya.


deshi

Borrowed from Japanese 弟子 (deshi, “disciple, pupil”).

(sumo) a member of a heya ("stable"); trained by its shisho


eboshi

(sumo) the hat of black lacquer worn by the gyoji presiding over a sumo match


fumidawara

Borrowed from Japanese 踏み俵 (fumidawara, “stepping-bale”).

(sumo) rice bales used at the side of the dohyo at steps


tawara

(sumo) Any of the straw bales, packed with earth, placed in a circle on the dohyo and forming the area that the rikishi must stay inside.


fusa

(sumo) The four knotted tassels hanging from the roof of the dohyo; symbolising the four seasons.


fusen

Borrowed from Japanese 不戦 (fusen, “not fighting, not competing”).

(sumo) A sumo match that is cancelled due to the absence of one of the rikishi.


fusenpai

(sumo) a loss by default for failing to appear, normally because of injury


fusensho

(sumo) a win by default due to the opponent not appearing, normally due to injury


gino-sho

(sumo) a prize for technique; one of the sansho prizes


sansho

(sumo) Any of the three special prizes awarded at the end of a basho.

三賞

special prize awarded at the end of a basho


kanto-sho

(sumo) A special prize for fighting-spirit; one of the sansho prizes.


shukun-sho

(sumo) A special prize for outstanding performance; one of the sansho prizes.


gunbai

From Japanese 軍配 (“war fan”), shortened form of 軍配団扇 (gunbai uchiwa).

(sumo) The lacquered wooden fan used by the gyoji.


hanazumo

From Japanese 花相撲 (hana-zumō, literally “flower sumo”).

(sumo) A special sumo exhibition tournament.


haridashi

(sumo) an extra rikishi at a rank that normally only allows two


heyagashira

(sumo) the rikishi of highest rank in a particular heya


higashi

From Japanese 東 (higashi, “east”), from the way the eastern or right side of the sumo ranking list is considered more prestigious, by analogy with the rising sun as opposed to the setting sun.

(sumo) The (more prestigious) right-hand side of the banzuke.

(sumo) A rikishi listed on the right side of the banzuke.


nishi

From Japanese 西 (nishi, “west”), from the way the western or left side of the sumo ranking list is considered less prestigious, by analogy with the setting sun as opposed to the rising sun.

(sumo) the left-hand (less prestigious) side of the banzuke (番付, “ranking list”)

(sumo) a rikishi (力士, “sumo wrestler”) listed on the left side of the banzuke


hyoshigi

I put the glasses down and found that my heart was beating fast, thumping with an accelerating sound like that of the hyoshigi which I had last heard in that sombre vaporous gallery in the Wallace Collection.

1978, Iris Murdoch, The Sea, The Sea, Vintage, published 1999, page 247:

(sumo) One of the wooden sticks that are clapped by the yobidashi to draw the spectator's attention.


yobidashi

(sumo) Any of the functionaries whose tasks include building the dohyo, making announcements, singing the shikona of each rikishi and advising them of preparation time.


shikona

(sumo) The wrestling name of a rikishi, normally derived from his heya, place of birth etc.


ichidai toshiyori

From Japanese 一代年寄 (ichidai toshiyori, literally “lifelong elder”).

(sumo) the lifelong status of elder conferred on an outstanding yokozuna


ichimon

(sumo) Any of the five groups that most heya belong to.

一門

any of the five groups that most heya belong to


ichomage

(sumo) Alternative spelling of oichomage


oichomage

From Japanese 大銀杏髷 (oo-ichō-mage, literally “gingko topknot”).

(sumo) The elaborate hairstyle, resembling a gingko leaf, worn by sekitori during bouts and on ceremonial occasions.


juryo-kaku

(sumo) the rank of gyoji who officiates a bout involving a rikishi from the juryo division


kachi-koshi

(sumo) a majority of wins in an honbasho; reflects positively on the rikishi's ranking


make-koshi

(sumo) a majority of losses in a honbasho; reflects negatively on the rikishi's ranking


kanjin-sumo

From Japanese 勧進相撲 (kanjin-zumō), with zumō changed to its usual English form sumo.

(sumo) The historic form of sumo that developed into the modern sport.


kensho

(sumo) Prize money given to encourage rikishi by sponsors.


kinboshi

Borrowed from Japanese 金星 (kinboshi, “gold star”).

(sumo) An honour awarded to a rikishi of maegashira rank upon beating a yokozuna.


kinjite

Borrowed from Japanese 禁じ手 (kinjite), from 禁じる (kinjiru, “to forbid”) + 手 (te, “hand”).


kimarite

(sumo) any of the 82 techniques that may be used to win a match


kimarite-gakari

(sumo) The official who announces the winner of the torikumi and the kimarite used.


torikumi-hyo

From Japanese 取組表 (torikumi-hyō, literally “bout table”).

(sumo) The programme of bouts in a day at a tournament.


koen-kai

(sumo) a sumo fan club, either for a heya or for a particular rikishi; a useful source of money


ozumo

Borrowed from Japanese 大相撲 (grand sumo).


maezumo

Borrowed from Japanese 前相撲, literally "before sumo".

(sumo) The unofficial rank of beginners etc.


makuuchi dohyo-iri

From Japanese 幕内土俵入り (makuuchi dohyō-iri, literally “makuuchi ring-entering”).

(sumo) A group ring-entering ceremony performed by all members of the makuuchi division, except the yokozuna, after the juryo bouts.


makuuchi-kaku

(sumo) The gyoji who referees bouts involving a rikishi from the makuuchi division.


masu-seki

(sumo) The expensive seats, holding four people, on the ground floor of the arena.


matawari

(sumo) A form of exercise in which a rikishi sits on the ground with his legs wide apart, then lowers his torso to touch the ground between his legs.


matta

(sumo) The false start of a bout due to mutual misunderstanding.


mizuhiki-maku

(sumo) The curtain that hangs from the yakata, symbolizing the movement of clouds and the passing of time.


mono-ii

From Japanese 物言い (mono-ii, literally “talk of things”).

(sumo) a conference among the shimpan to reconsider a referee's decision


shimpan

From Japanese 審判 (shinpan, しんぱん), from Middle Chinese 審判 (ʃim-pʰàn "to judge", "to try") (compare Mandarin shěnpàn 审判).

(sumo) the four judges, sitting at each cardinal point


shiranui-gata

Borrowed from Japanese 不知火型 (shiranuigata).

(sumo) The less common ring-entering ceremony performed by yokozuna, consisting only of offensive moves.


unryu-gata

(sumo) The normal ring-entering ceremony performed by yokozuna, consisting of both offensive and defensive moves.


myoseki

(sumo) Any of the 105 names available to sumo oyakata.

名跡

any of the 105 names available to sumo oyakata


nage-waza

(sumo) Any of the 12 throwing techniques.


greenback

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-greenback.wav

When the surfer has passed the point where the waves are breaking, and is among the waves which are known as “greenbacks”, he may either dive through them or float over them, […]

1965, John Bloomfield, Know-how in the Surf, page 28:

(surfing) A wave that has not yet begun to break.


Maccas

(surfing, slang) "Macaronis", a surf break in Mentawai Islands Regency, West Sumatra, Indonesia.


touchback

The ball sailed into the end zone for a touchback and the Eagles had possession on the 20-yard line. https://web.archive.org/web/20060111202354/http://www.philadelphiaeagles.com/gameday/postGameArchive.jsp?id=16746

(American football) The result of a play (usually a kickoff or punt) in which the ball passes out the back of the end zone or a team otherwise gains possession of the ball in their own end zone.


sashichigai

(sumo) a decision by the shimpan to overturn the decision of the gyoji


seigen jikan

(sumo) The time allocated for the shikiri rituals before the beginning of each bout.


senshuraku

Borrowed from Japanese 千秋楽 (senshūraku, literally “music of a thousand autumns”).

(sumo) The last day of a fifteen-day tournament, always on a Sunday.


shihon-bashira

From Japanese 四本柱 (shi-hon-bashira, literally “four pillars”).

(sumo) The four pillars that support the tsuriyane over the sumo ring; in modern practice removed for better television coverage.


shikiri

(sumo) the preparation time before a sumo bout during which the rikishi try to gain a psychological advantage by intense staring (niramiai) and when salt is ceremonially thrown (kiyome-jio)


shikiri-sen

Borrowed from Japanese 仕切り線 (shikiri-sen).

(sumo) The two enamel lines, embedded in the dohyo, behind which the rikishi crouch in preparation for the tachiai.


tachiai

(sumo) the initial charge towards each other by the rikishi at the start of a sumo bout


buchikamashi

Borrowed from Japanese ぶちかまし (buchikamashi).

(sumo) The heavy collision of the two rikishi during the tachiai at the start of a sumo bout.


shiko

(sumo) One of the basic sumo exercises, in which the rikishi raises a leg high in the air to the side, then brings it down with a stamp. It is also performed on the dohyo to drive away bad spirits.


shimekomi

Borrowed from Japanese 締め込み (shimekomi).

(sumo) The silk mawashi worn by sekitori for competition.


shindeshi

(sumo) a young rikishi recruit, not yet professional


shini-tai

(sumo) A rikishi who is crushed by his opponent when both fall simultaneously.


shokkiri

(sumo) A comical display of fouls etc performed by deshi during tours.


shozoku

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-shozoku.wav

(sumo) The garment worn by the gyoji, derived from court dress.


shusse hiro

(sumo) The ceremonial introduction of new rikishi at a tournament.


suna-kaburi

From Japanese 砂被り (suna-kaburi, literally “covered by sand”).

(sumo) The six rows of single seats closest to the dohyo.


tachimochi

From Japanese 太刀持ち (tachimochi, “sword bearer”).

(sumo) A rikishi who participates in the dohyo-iri ceremony of a yokozuna by carrying a sword behind him.


tachi-seki

From Japanese 立ち席 (tachi-seki, literally “standing seat”).

(sumo) tickets to stand at the back of the arena.


taiko

Borrowed from Japanese 太鼓 (たいこ taiko), from 太 (tʰàj, “great”) + 鼓 (kú, “drum”).

(sumo) A traditional drum, beaten by yobidashi to announce the beginning of a tournament, and at the end of each day


tategyoji

Borrowed from Japanese 立行司 (tate-gyōji).

(sumo) Either of the two highest-ranked gyoji who referee matches involving a yokozuna.


teppo

(sumo) a wooden pillar that is slapped repeatedly by a rikishi as a sumo wrestling exercise.


teuchi-shiki

From Japanese 手打ち式 (teuchi-shiki, literally “clapping ceremony”).

(sumo) A welcoming ceremony to new rikishi.


tokei-gakari

From Japanese 時計係 (tokei-gakari, literally “one who is responsible for the clock”).

(sumo) The shimpan who acts as timekeeper.


tokoyama

(sumo) A hairdresser who makes the rikishi's topknot; they have their own ranks.


toku-dawara

Borrowed from Japanese 徳俵 (tokudawara, “special rice bale”).

In fact, the sumo ring is not exactly round. Instead, the ring is broadened at four points by the width of a small rice bag (see fig. 1). These four rice bags placed at the cardinal points of the ring are called toku-dawara (lucky straw bags).

Just outside the circle the cardinal directions are marked by four tokudawara. It is only on these that the contestant can step outside the ring and not be deemed to have lost.

2000, Tony Allan, Realm of the Rising Sun: Japanese Myth, page 51:

(sumo) Small enlargements at the cardinal points of the dohyo; originally the entry and exit points.


torinaoshi

(sumo) a rematch; ordered by the judges if unable to determine a winner


toshiyori-kabu

(sumo) One of the 105 licenses to coach, and the associated name of an elder.


tsukebito

(sumo) An attendant of a higher-ranked rikishi or gyoji.


tsuki-oshi

(sumo) a style of fighting involving only thrusts or pushes


tsuna

Borrowed from Japanese 綱 (つな, tsuna, “rope”).

(sumo) the wide ceremonial belt, with hanging zigzag ribbons, worn by a yokozuna


tsunauchi

(sumo) the ceremony in which a yokozuna's tsuna belt is made and presented


tsuyuharai

Borrowed from Japanese 露払い, literally "dew sweeper".

(sumo) a heralding attendant who walks in front of a yokozuna at his dohyo-iri ceremony


yagura

Borrowed from Japanese 櫓 (“tower, turret, keep, scaffold”).

(sumo) A high wooden tower in front of a sumo arena from which a yobidashi beats the taiko drum each day before and after each tournament.


yakata

(sumo) The structure, suspended over the sumo dohyo, that resembles the roof of a Shinto shrine.


yotsu-zumo

(sumo) A style of sumo centred on gripping the mawashi.


yumitori-shiki

(sumo) The bow-twirling ceremony that closes each day of a tournament.


zensho yusho

Borrowed from Japanese 全勝優勝 (zenshō yūshō).

(sumo) the act of winning a tournament and not losing a single bout


zenpai

Borrowed from Japanese 全敗 (zenpai, “utter defeat”).

(sumo) the act of losing every bout in a tournament


Brighton

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Brighton.wav

(place): From Old English Beorthelmstone (“Beorthelm's farm”)
: (surname): From Breighton in Yorkshire.


number two

en-noun

number two (countable and uncountable, plural number twos)

number one

especially regarding the defecation sense

(cricket) The batsman who opens alongside the number one, but does not face the first delivery.


isamiashi

Borrowed from Japanese 勇み足, literally "forward step out".

(sumo) a situation in which an attacking rikishi accidentally steps too far forward and out of the ring, his opponent thus winning


fumidashi

From Japanese 踏み出し (fumidashi, literally “stepping out”).

bor

(sumo) A situation in which a defending rikishi accidentally steps too far back and out of the ring, his opponent thus winning. A rear step out.


koshikudake

Borrowed from Japanese 腰砕け, literally "inadvertent collapse".

(sumo) A situation in which a rikishi accidentally falls over, his opponent thus winning.


okuriashi

Borrowed from Japanese 送足, literally "step out".

(sumo) A situation in which a rikishi accidentally steps out of ring whilst carrying his opponent out, his opponent thus winning.


tsukihiza

Borrowed from Japanese 突き膝 (つきひざ, tsukihiza), literally meaning “push-down knee”.

(sumo) a situation in which a rikishi accidentally touches the dohyo with his knee, his opponent thus winning


tsukite

Borrowed from Japanese つき手, meaning "hand touch down".

(sumo) The situation in which a rikishi accidentally touches the dohyo with his hand, his opponent thus winning.


chops

Inflected forms. The jazz slang sense “musical ability” is a reference to the use of the lips to blow instruments.

(juggling) A pattern that involves carrying the object with the hand over the next object before throwing it.


packing

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-packing.wav

From Middle English pakkynge; equivalent to pack (“verb and noun senses”) + -ing.

(rugby) The forming of players into a scrum.

The action of the verb.
The forming of players into a scrum.


abisetaoshi

Borrowed from Japanese 浴びせ倒し (“backward force down”).

(sumo) A kimarite in which the attacker forces his opponent over backwards by throwing his weight into him from a grappling position.


amiuchi

Borrowed from Japanese 網打ち, literally fisherman's throw.

(sumo) A kimarite in which the attacker throws his opponent behind him by pulling his arm with both hands and twisting backwards; resembles casting a fishing net.


ashitori

(sumo) a kimarite in which the attacker takes his opponent down by grabbing and lifting his leg with both hands


chongake

Borrowed from Japanese ちょん掛け, literally "pulling heel hook".

(sumo) A kimarite in which the attacker hooks his heel behind that of his opponent from the inside, pulls the leg towards him, grabs the opponent's arm on the same side and twists him sideways and backwards.


gasshohineri

Borrowed from Japanese 合掌捻り, literally "clasped hand twist down".

(sumo) a kimarite in which the attacker clasps his hands behind the opponent's back and twists him down and over


harimanage

From Japanese 波離間投げ (“backward belt throw”).

(sumo) A kimarite in which the attacker, at the edge of the dohyo, reaches over his opponent's shoulder, grabs his mawashi from behind, then pulls and twists him past his own body.


hatakikomi

Borrowed from Japanese 叩き込み, literally "slap down".

(sumo) a kimarite in which the attacker dodges his opponent at the tachiai and slaps his opponent's shoulder, back or arm, forcing him to touch the dohyo


hikiotoshi

Borrowed from Japanese 引き落とし, literally hand pull down.

(sumo) A kimarite in which the attacker pulls on his opponent's arm, shoulder or mawashi while backing away.


hikkake

Borrowed from Japanese 引っ掛け, literally arm-grabbing force out.

(sumo) A kimarite in which the attacker grabs his opponent's arm with both hands and pulls him past him while moving backwards and to the side.


izori

From Japanese 居反り, literally backwards body drop.

(sumo) A kimarite in which the attacker dives under his opponent's charge, grabs his knees or his mawashi, and lifts him up and over backwards.


kainahineri

Borrowed from Japanese 腕捻り, literally "two-handed arm twist down".

(sumo) A kimarite in which the attacker locks one of his opponent's arms with both arms, then twists him down.


kakenage

Borrowed from Japanese 掛け投げ, literally hooking inner thigh throw.

(sumo) A kimarite in which the attacker hooks one leg under those of his opponent, raises the hooked leg up and back forcing the opponent up and over.


kakezori

Borrowed from Japanese 掛け反り, literally "hooking backwards body drop".

(sumo) A kimarite in which the attacker, with his head under one of his opponent's arms, takes an inside grip on the opponent's mawashi and twists him over a leg while driving his head into the opponent's side to force him over backwards.


katasukashi

Borrowed from Japanese 肩透かし, meaning under-shoulder swing down.

(sumo) A kimarite in which the attacker forces his opponent down by placing his hands on the opponent's shoulder blade (one inside and one outside) and pulling him down and forward while backing away.


Mackem

Mackems (plural)
Makem (alternative)
Mak'em (alternative)


kawazugake

Borrowed from Japanese 河津掛け, literally hooking backward counter throw.

(sumo) A kimarite in which the attacker hooks his opponent's leg from the inside, pulls it forward and across his own body, taking him over backwards.


kekaeshi

Borrowed from Japanese 蹴返し, literally "minor inner foot sweep".

(sumo) A kimarite in which the attacker sweeps his opponent's leg from under him by kicking it from the inside; often accompanied by a slap on the back.


ketaguri

Borrowed from Japanese 蹴手繰り, literally pulling inside ankle sweep.

(sumo) A kimarite in which the attacker leaps aside at the tachiai and sweeps his opponent's front leg from the inside while slapping the shoulder or pulling the arm.


kimedashi

(sumo) A kimarite in which the attacker bars or locks the opponent's arms by wrapping his own arms round them from the outside, then grabs one of the wrists and pulls up and in and then swings or marches his opponent backwards and out. An arm-barring force-out.


kimetaoshi

Borrowed from Japanese 極め倒し, literally "arm barring force down".

(sumo) a kimarite in which the attacker bars or locks his opponent's arms from the outside then forces him down by throwing his weight on top of him


kirikaeshi

Borrowed from Japanese 切り返し, literally "twisting backward knee trip".

(sumo) A kimarite in which the attacker puts his knee behind his opponent's leg then twists him backwards over the knee.


pole vault

(athletics) a jumping event contested in track and field which requires an athlete to carry a fiberglass pole down a runway, plant the pole into a vaulting box and vault over a fiberglass bar, landing on a matted pit

şüvüllə tullanma

jumping event where an athlete vaults over a high bar with the aid of a pole


cyclometer

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-cyclometer.wav

While here at Constantinople I received by mail from America a Butcher spoke cyclometer, and on the second visit to Prinkipo I measured the road which has been made around half the island; the distance is four English miles and a fraction.

1887, Thomas Stevens, chapter IX, in Around the World on a Bicycle, Vol. I: From San Francisco to Teheran, London: Sampson Low […] , pages 244–246:

(cycling) A device that counts the revolutions of a bicycle wheel in order to indicate distance travelled.


komatasukui

Borrowed from Japanese 小股掬い, meaning "over thigh scooping body drop".

(sumo) A kimarite in which the attacker attempts to throw his opponent and, when the opponent steps forward to defend himself, the attacker grabs his leg, near the thigh, and pulls upward driving the opponent over backwards.


koshinage

Borrowed from Japanese 腰投げ, literally "hip throw".

(sumo) a kimarite in which the attacker turns his opponent while pulling him onto his hips then straightens his knees and throws him over and onto his back


kotehineri

Borrowed from Japanese 小手捻り, literally armlocking twist down.

(sumo) A kimarite in which the attacker locks his opponents arm at the biceps then twists him around and down.


kotenage

Borrowed from Japanese 小手投げ, literally armlock throw.

(sumo) A kimarite in which the attacker wraps his arm around that of his opponent and, when it is locked near the elbow, turning away from him.


penthouse

From Anglo-Norman pentiz (“pentice”), from apendiz (“appentice”), ultimately from a suffixed form of Latin appendō (“I append”). Altered by folk etymology to appear to be a compound of house. Doublet of appentice and pentice.

2005, Tony Collins (ed.), Encyclopaedia of Traditional British Rural Sports, Routledge, page 262,
An odd derivative of real tennis lasted until the latter part of the eighteenth century at Rattray in Perthshire. It was played in the churchyard by two pairs of men, and the method for starting the play was to throw the ball onto the church roof, using it like the sloping penthouse of the tennis court.

(tennis) Any of the sloping roofs at the side of a real tennis court.

側斜屋頂 /侧斜屋顶

any of the sloping roofs at the side of a real tennis court


clipping

en-noun

clipping (countable and uncountable, plural clippings)

(uncountable, American football, Canadian football) Falling, rolling, or throwing one's body on the back of an opponent's legs after approaching from behind.


gremlin

Oxford English Dictionary
Roald Dahl
The Gremlins

Uncertain; the following etymologies have been suggested:
* A variant of goblin.
* From Irish gruaimín (“gloomy little person”); or from Dutch gremmelen (“to soil, stain; to spoil”), or griemelen, grimmelen (“(obsolete) to abound, teem; to swarm”), but according to the Oxford English Dictionary there is little evidence for such derivations.
The word was popularized, especially in the United States, by the children’s novel The Gremlins (1943) by the British author Roald Dahl (1916–1990), in which gremlins sabotage Royal Air Force aircraft in revenge for the destruction of their forest home to make way for an aircraft factory; the creatures later join forces with the British to fight the Nazis.

der

(surfing, skateboarding, slang) A young, inexperienced surfer or skateboarder, regarded as a nuisance.

keltanokka

young, inexperienced surfer, seen as being a nuisance


kubihineri

Borrowed from Japanese 首捻り, literally head twisting throw.

(sumo) A kimarite in which the attacker wraps one hand around his opponent's neck and grips his arm with the other; he then forces his opponent down by twisting his neck.


kubinage

kubinage (plural)
kubi nage (alternative)

Borrowed from Japanese 首投げ (“neck throw”).

(sumo) A kimarite in which the attacker wraps one arm around his opponent's neck then turns and throws him.


makiotoshi

Borrowed from Japanese 巻き落とし, meaning "twist down".

(sumo) A kimarite in which the attacker throws his opponent by twisting him towards his own inside hand.


mitokorozeme

From Japanese 三所攻め (mi-tokoro-zeme, literally “attacking three places”).

bor

(sumo) A kimarite in which the attacker attempts an inside leg trip with one leg, tries to pull the other out from under him, and drives his head into the opponent's stomach so as to force him out backwards. A triple attack force out.


brassie

brassies (plural)
brassey (alternative)
brassy (alternative)

(golf, dated) A wooden-headed golf club with a brass base plate, similar to a modern two wood.


niblick

On this occasion he had just examined some notes of other mashie shots, had put the notebook back in his pocket, and had addressed his ball with a niblick that had an unusually roughened face and a head like a hatchet.

1924, Ford Madox Ford, Parade’s End, Random House, page 75:

(golf, dated) A metal-headed golf club with a large highly lofted head. Replaced by a sand iron or wedge in a modern set of clubs.


niblick

en-verb

niblick (third-person singular simple present niblicks, present participle niblicking, simple past and past participle niblicked)

niblicks (present singular third-person)
niblicking (participle present)
niblicked (participle past)
niblicked (past)

(golf, transitive, intransitive) To strike, or take a shot, with a niblick.


mashie

Scottish English, from French massue (“club”)

Florence L. Harvey (1916-01) “Chilly Days and Muddy Courses”, in Golfers Magazine, volume 28, number 1, Chicago, page 9: “Do not think that is because I do not value a mashie, on the contrary it is my favorite club and one with which I am far surer than any other, in dry weather.”

(golf, dated) A metal-headed golf club with a moderate loft, the equivalent of a five iron in a modern set of clubs.


cleek

He had begun at four, playing with a miniature cleek and a found shilling ball over the municipal links.

1924, Ford Madox Ford, Some Do Not... (Parade's End), Penguin, published 2012, page 58:

(golf, dated) A metal-headed golf club with little loft, equivalent in a modern set of clubs to a one or two iron or a four wood.


cleek

cleek (third-person singular simple present cleeks, present participle cleeking, simple past and past participle cleeked)

cleeks (present singular third-person)
cleeking (participle present)
cleeked (participle past)
cleeked (past)

[…] ready to acclaim his exploits, and listen to volumes about every hole, and the marvellous way in which he cleeked his tee off the bogie.

1914, Mrs. George de Horne Vaizey, Lady Cassandra, page 71:

(golf, dated, transitive) To strike with the club called a cleek.


Choctaw

(skating, plural "Choctaws") A Choctaw turn.


glassy

en-adj

glassy (comparative glassier, superlative glassiest)

glassier (comparative)
glassiest (superlative)

From Middle English glasy, equivalent to glass + -y. Compare Saterland Frisian glääsich (“glassy”), Dutch glazig (“glassy”), German Low German glasig (“glassy”), German glasig (“glassy”).

a fair day on a glassy sea

Of or like glass, especially in being smooth and somewhat reflective.

(sailing, surfing, of water, not comparable) Lacking any chop; smooth and mostly flat.


nichonage

Borrowed from Japanese 二丁投げ, literally "body drop throw".

(sumo) a kimarite in which the attacker places a leg in front of his opponent's leg, at the knee, then sweeps back with his leg and pulls the opponent forward over the leg.


crossover

en-noun

crossover (countable and uncountable, plural crossovers)

(sports) An athlete or swimmer who has competed in more than one of open water swimming, pool swimming, triathlon, and endurance sports.


squad

From French escouade, from Italian squadra (“square”) (whence also French escadre). Doublet of squadra and square.

ջոկատ

small group of people organized for a purpose

A group of people organized for some common purpose, usually of about ten members.

(cricket, soccer, rugby) A group of potential players from whom a starting team and substitutes are chosen.


8 ball

8 balls (plural)
eightball (alternative)
eight-ball (alternative)
eight ball (alternative)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-8 ball.wav

The 8 ball was buried behind the 10 and the 15.

(literally, billiards) The eighth numbered ball.


Eddie would go

Named after Hawaiian waterman Eddie Aikau (1946–1978).

named-after

Just imagine what it must feel like to make it out of one of those Teahupoo tubes? ¶ *THAT'S* why we continue our quest and challenge. ¶ Eddie would go. ¶ (and we're right behind you Eddie)

2000 April 27, m@rk, “Re: Whats it worth?”, in alt.surfing (Usenet):

We'd bodysurf Pounders, north shore areas, Pupukea... I remember dolphins ( or would that be porpoises?) alongside us in most every wave, which would many times drop us onto the sand with a thud, knocking the wind outa us! Then, like the hardy keiki o ka aina buggahs we were, go right back in for more punishment! Eddie would go, and so, to an extent would us keiki!

2000 August 16, Alkahuna Kekaula Kamauoha, “Re: Screened Lanais/Porches?”, in soc.culture.hawaii (Usenet):

While they debated over the safety of the surfers, big-wave maverick Mark Foo looked out into the maelstrom of waves and whitewater and nonchalantly told one cameraman, “Eddie would go.” The saying stuck, and it eventually became popular in the Islands and in the international board-riding community.

[2002, Stuart Holmes Coleman, Eddie Would Go: The Story of Eddie Aikau, Hawaiian Hero and Pioneer of Big Wave Surfing, New York, NY: St. Martin's Press, →ISBN, page 255:

I guess we could've easily called it a day and left, but when you drive an hour to surf, you gotta go. Eddie would go, right? OK, maybe not in waist-high slop with fifty-degree air and water temps, but, I mean, like, if he were a NH surfer, he would go, wouldn't he?

2002 June 16, Atticus Fisher, “Surf Report: Finding Gems In Shit”, in alt.surfing (Usenet):

(Hawaii, surfing) Said of challenging surfing conditions, often as an encouragement.


waterman

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-waterman.wav

From Middle English waterman, equivalent to water + -man.

(surfing) A man skilled in multiple aquatic sports disciplines, such as surfing, bodysurfing, undersea diving, canoe paddling, fishing, etc.


nimaigeri

(sumo) A kimarite in which the attacker kicks away the opponent's ankle while throwing or twisting him onto his side.


okuridashi

(sumo) A kimarite in which the attacker drives his opponent out from behind.


okurigake

From Japanese 送り掛け, meaning "rear leg trip".

(sumo) A kimarite in which the attacker hooks his legs behind one of his opponent's and pulls it towards himself from behind, toppling his opponent forward.


okurihikiotoshi

Borrowed from Japanese 送り引き落とし, meaning "rear pull down".

(sumo) a kimarite in which the attacker circles behind his opponent and pulls him down while backing away


okurinage

Borrowed from Japanese 送り投げ, literally "rear throw down".

(sumo) A kimarite in which the attacker circles behind his opponent and throws him forward or to the side and down.


okuritaoshi

Borrowed from Japanese 送り倒し, literally "rear push down".

(sumo) A kimarite in which the attacker forces his opponent down from behind.


okuritsuridashi

Borrowed from Japanese 送り吊り出し, literally rear lift out.

(sumo) a kimarite in which the attacker circles behind his opponent, lifts him up and carries him out of the ring


okuritsuriotoshi

Borrowed from Japanese 送り吊り落とし, meaning "rear lifting body slam".

(sumo) A kimarite in which the attacker circles behind his opponent then lifts him up and slams him down.


slow ball

(cricket) A ball that is deliberately bowled slower than normal in an attempt to deceive the batsman into making a mistimed shot.


slow bowler

(cricket) a bowler who specializes in bowling (pitching a ball in cricket) relatively slowly, especially a spin bowler


soft hands

(chiefly sports) The hands in a relaxed state, especially for a batsman to play with a dead bat, or for a fielder to catch the ball without it bouncing out.


cha

One–two–cha–cha–cha
Three–four–cha–cha–cha

(dance) Used to count out steps, particularly involving the hip-shaking sections of rhythmic Latin dances


check-swing

(baseball) A swing in which a batter starts to swing for a ball but stops the swing shortly before the ball reaches home plate.


franchise

en-noun

franchise (countable and uncountable, plural franchises)

From Middle English franchise, fraunchise, from Old French franchise (“freedom”), a derivative of franc (“free”). More at frank.

/ˈfɹænt͡ʃaɪ̯z/

The Whalers' home city of Hartford was one of many for the franchise.

(sports) The collection of organizations in the history of a sports team; the tradition of a sports team as an entity, extending beyond the contemporary organization.


square drive

(cricket) A shot played by swinging the bat down through the line of the ball, hitting it along the ground in the direction of point.


baff

en-verb

baff (third-person singular simple present baffs, present participle baffing, simple past and past participle baffed)

baffs (present singular third-person)
baffing (participle present)
baffed (participle past)
baffed (past)

Probably from Scots baff, beff, bauf, probably from West Flemish baf, baffe (“a blow, slap in the face”). Compare also Old French baffe (“slap in the face”) (Modern French baffe), of imitative origin.

(golf) To strike the ground with the bottom of the club when taking a stroke.


economical

en-adj

economical (comparative more economical, superlative most economical)

more economical (comparative)
most economical (superlative)
economicall (alternative)
œconomical (alternative)
œconomicall (alternative)

/ˌɛkəˈnɒmɪkəl/

/ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪkəl/


drop kick

drop kicks (plural)
drop-kick (alternative)

Australian rules football
Australian rules football

(rugby, Australian rules football, American football, Canadian football) A kick made by dropping the ball on the ground and kicking it as it bounces up.

1933 April 22 Jumping Joe Savoldi publicity article
AND ON JOE'S DROP KICK THEY DROP - !

Joe was unable to return to the ring after missing a flying dropkick

1933 May 16, 10,000 FANS SEE LEWIS WIN FIFTH WRESTLING TITLE:

At no time did Savoldi attempt to employ the new attack that he calls "drop-kick." Once he offended the rules by using a flying tackle

1933 May 18, JOE SAVOLDI WINS MAT BOUT IN PHILADELPHIA:

1937 SAVOLDI'S DROP KICK
Easily the most spectacular match-winner of this season is Joe Savoldi's drop kick. It will be easily understood from this picture why "when they are kicked they stay kicked." After a man is stunned by the kick it is an easy matter for Savoldi to body press a fall.

Joe Savoldi, perhaps the originator of the dropkick, used to have a glorious crop of curls

1949, WHAT'S HAPPENED TO OLD-TIME FAVOURITES?:

2008 William Shatner Shatner On His Star Trek Signature Drop Kick 2 minutes 28 seconds Official William Shatner Page
okay, I'll just go out and my dropkick: raise the right hand, right leg, and then I had this flash of reality. Newton's law is equal force meets equal force, whatever that thing is, everything is equal, and I realize in a dropkick when you go up in the air like that, any force you push is hardly any force at all. The reality is, a dropkick has no significance whatsoever, only on the stuntman, that reels back.

(professional wrestling) A kick to the opponent made by leaping into the air and kicking with both feet before dropping to the ground.


survival

en-noun

survival (countable and uncountable, plural survivals)

[…] a team that have turned snatching relegation from the jaws of top-flight survival into an art form […]

2000, Dan Goldstein, The Rough Guide to English Football: A Fans' Handbook 2000-2001:

"Before you know it, you find yourself flirting around the relegation places and the season becomes a battle for survival."

2013, Alan Stubbs, How Football Saved My Life, page 139:

(sports) The avoidance of relegation or demotion to a lower league or division.


indy

From Indianapolis (“location of major car race”).

(motor racing, automotive) A car designed to meet the rules on the Indianapolis 500 car race.

(by extension, motor racing, automotive) An open-wheel open-cockpit single-seat racecar

Coordinate term: grand prix

(by extension, motor racing) A motorcar race that uses this type of car


omata

(sumo) A kimarite in which the attacker grabs his opponent's leg from the inside and lifts it up and backwards, driving his body into that of the defender, forcing him over onto his back. A thigh scooping body drop.


osakate

Borrowed from Japanese 大逆手, literally backward twisting overarm throw.

(sumo) A kimarite in which the attacker, grappling near the edge, bends backwards and swings his opponent around and out.


oshidashi

Borrowed from Japanese 押し出し, literally "frontal push out".

(sumo) a kimarite in which the attacker pushes his opponent out of the ring, maintaining hand contact at all times


oshitaoshi

Borrowed from Japanese 押し倒し, meaning frontal push down.

(sumo) A kimarite in which the attacker pushed his opponent backwards and over.


stock ball

(cricket) the type of ball (such as an off break) that a particular bowler most frequently bowls


straight bat

(cricket) The bat when held vertically, or when swung through a vertical arc.