monkey

en-noun

monkey (plural monkeys or (obsolete) monkies)

monkeys (plural)
monkies (obsolete plural)

→ Chukchi: маӈкы (maṇky)

→ Coeur d'Alene: moonki

→ Irish: moncaí

→ Navajo: mágí

→ Scottish Gaelic: muncaidh

→ Tumbuka: munkhwele

→ Welsh: mwnci

Uncertain. May be derived from monk + -ey (diminutive suffix), or borrowed from Middle Low German Moneke, the name of the son of Martin the Ape in Reynard the Fox (which may represent an unattested colloquial Middle Low German *moneke, *moneken), itself of uncertain origin. Possibly derived from a Romance term represented by Late Middle French monne (whence Modern French mone (“monkey”)) or earlier Old French monnekin (“monkey”), originally Monnekin, the name of a monkey in Li Dis d'Entendement. Compare also Old French and Middle French monin (“monkey”). The French terms may have been borrowed from Italian monna (“monkey”), from Old Spanish mona (“female monkey”), itself a shortening of mamona, variant of maimón, from Arabic مَيْمُون (maymūn, “baboon”)). However, Old French monnekin may alternatively be unrelated to the other terms, instead being a borrowing of Early Middle Dutch mannekin (a diminutive of a personal name or surname; hence, nickname, literally “miniature man”).

gl

whence Modern French <i class="Latn mention" lang="fr">mone</i> (“monkey”)

der

cold enough to freeze the balls off a brass monkey

you can take the monkey out of the jungle, but you can't take the jungle out of the monkey

Do the Monkey, yeah,
Do the Monkey, yeah,
Ah, twist them hips,
Let your backbone slip,
Now move your feet,
Get on the beat...

1963, Curtis Mayfield, "The Monkey Time" (video)

C'mon everybody! C'mon in!
Bobby's goin' to show you how to do the swim.
Kinda like the monkey, kinda like the twist
Pretend you're in the water and you go like this.

1964, “C'mon and Swim”, Thomas Coman and Sylvester Stewart (Sly Stone) (lyrics), performed by Bobby Freeman:

Do the monkey, do the pony / Do the slop, do the boogaloo twist.

1971, “Suicide Song”, in Loudon Wainwright III (lyrics), Album II, performed by Loudon Wainwright III:

...Used to the do the monkey
But now it's not cool...

(dance) A dance popularized by Major Lance in 1963, now usually only its upper-body dance move involving exaggerated drumming motions.


erase

en-verb

erase (third-person singular simple present erases, present participle erasing, simple past and past participle erased)

erases (present singular third-person)
erasing (participle present)
erased (participle past)
erased (past)

record

antonym(s) of “remove markings or information”

From Latin erasus, past participle of eradere (“to scrape, to abrade”), from ex- (“out of”) + radere (“to scrape”). Compare Middle English arasen, aracen (“to eradicate, erase”). Displaced native Old English dilegian.

Jones was erased by a 6-4-3 double play.

(transitive, baseball) To remove a runner from the bases via a double play or pick off play


fair

en-adj

fair (comparative fairer, superlative fairest)

fairer (comparative)
fairest (superlative)

→ German: fair

→ Hebrew: פייר

→ Macedonian: фер (fer)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: фер

Latin script: fer

From Middle English fayr, feir, fager, from Old English fæġer (“beautiful”), from Proto-West Germanic *fagr, from Proto-Germanic *fagraz (“suitable, fitting, nice”), from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂ḱ- (“to fasten, place”).
Cognate with Scots fayr, fare (“fair”), Danish feir, faver, fager (“fair, pretty”), Norwegian fager (“fair, pretty”), Swedish fager (“fair, pretty”), Icelandic fagur (“beautiful, fair”), Umbrian pacer (“gracious, merciful, kind”), Slovak pekný (“good-looking, handsome, nice”). See also peace.

cog

(rugby, of a catch) Taken direct from an opponent's foot, without the ball touching the ground or another player.

(cricket, of a ball delivered by the bowler) Not a no ball.


fountain

From Middle English [Term?]; from Old French fontaine (whence modern fontaine); from Late Latin fontana, from Latin fontanus, fontaneus, adjectives from fons (“source, spring”).

(juggling) A juggling pattern typically done with an even number of props where each prop is caught by the same hand that throws it.


prep

en-noun

prep (countable and uncountable, plural preps)

(horse racing) A preparatory race or workout.


tea

tea (countable and uncountable, plural teas)

Gullah: tea

Jamaican Creole: tea

→ Abenaki: ti

→ Chickasaw: tii'

→ Cocopa: ṭi·

→ Cornish: té

→ Cree:

Canadian syllabic script: ᑎᕀ (tiy)

Latin script: tiy

→ Inuktitut: ᑏ (tii)

→ Irish: tae

→ Maori: tī

→ Malecite-Passamaquoddy: ti

desc

→ Mikasuki: ti'g'tlo'q, ji'gitlo'q (“kettle”) (from "tea kettle")

→ Panamint: tii

→ Scottish Gaelic: tì, teatha

→ Tamil: டீ (ṭī)

→ Telugu: టీ (ṭī)

→ Unami: ti

→ Welsh: te

Amoy
Amoy dialect
Dutch East India Company
Macao
Álvaro Semedo

First appears c. 1655, in the writings of Álvaro Semedo. From Dutch thee, from Hokkien 茶 (tê) (Amoy dialect), from Old Chinese, ultimately from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-la (“leaf, tea”). Introduced to English and other Western European languages by the Dutch East India Company, who sourced their tea in Amoy; compare Malay teh along the same trade route. Doublet of chai and cha (and, distantly, the first element of lahpet), from same Proto-Sino-Tibetan root; see discussion of cognates.
Cognates
The word for “tea” in many languages is of Sinitic origin (due to China being the origin of the plant), and thus there are many cognates; see translations. These are from one of two proximate sources, reflected in the phonological shape: forms with a stop (e.g. /t/) are derived from Min Nan tê, while forms with an affricate (e.g. /tʃ/) are derived from other Sinitic languages, like Mandarin chá or Cantonese caa4 (all written as 茶). Different languages borrowed one or the other form (specific language and point in time varied), reflecting trade ties, generally Min Nan tê if by ocean trade from Fujian, Cantonese caa4 if by ocean trade from Guangdong, or northern Chinese chá if by overland trade or by ocean trade from India.
Thus Western and Northern European languages borrowed tê (with the exception of Portuguese, which uses chá; despite being by ocean trade, their source was in Macao, not Amoy), while chá borrowings are used over a very large geographical area of Eurasia and Africa: Southern and Eastern Europe, and on through Turkish, Arabic, North and East Africa, Persian, Central Asian, and Indic languages. In Europe the tê/chá line is Italian/Slovene, Hungarian/Romanian, German/Czech, Polish/Ukrainian, Baltics/Russian, Finnish/Karelian, Northern Sami/Inari Sami. tê was also borrowed in European trade stops in Southern India and coastal Africa, though chá borrowings are otherwise more prevalent in these regions, via Arabic or Indic, due to earlier trade. The situation in Southeast Asia is complex due to multiple influences, and some languages borrowed both forms, such as Malay teh and ca.
Sense 10 (“information, especially gossip”) is originally from T standing for truth, which evolved into tea.

茶水

cheap or free tea in Chinese restaurants

紅茶 (こうちゃ, kōcha) (black tea, lit.: "red")

what does that have to do with the price of tea in China

Australia were 490 for 7 at tea on the second day.

As recently as the mid-80s the players would be given a bottle of beer at lunchtime at some county grounds, and "tea" still meant a cup of tea into the 90s.

2009, “What do cricketers eat at tea? When is it safe to flush on the train? What's a plujit?”, Notes and queries: Life and style, in The Guardian:

en:break between sessions in cricket sport

(cricket) The break in play between the second and third sessions.


minor

minors (plural)
miner (alternative)
maner (alternative)
minore (alternative)
minour (alternative)
mynor (alternative)
mynour (alternative)
mynowr (alternative)
mi (alternative)

From Middle English minor, menor, menour, etc., from Latin minor (“lesser; young; young person”) both directly and via Norman and Middle French menor, menour, etc. Doublet of minus but not mini-. Cognate with minister, minify, Minorca, Menshevik, and possibly minnow. Compare Latin minimum and minuō, Old High German minniro, Cornish minow.

byvak

subject of secondary undergraduate study

It is certain that the major leagues must depend upon the minors for their recruits.

1890 July 31, Sporting Life, Philadelphia, page 1:

(baseball) Ellipsis of minor league: the lower level of teams.

Penalties... First Period... all minors.

1924 December 30, Gazette, Montreal, page 14:

(ice hockey) Ellipsis of minor penalty: a penalty requiring a player to leave the ice for 2 minutes unless the opposing team scores.

minor penalty

Brown from a mark on the magazine wing put up the first minor.

1903 May 16, Sporting News, Tasmania, page 4:

(Australian football) Synonym of behind: a one-point kick.

At half-time the score was—one goal, three tries, and four minors.

(rugby, historical) Ellipsis of minor point: a lesser score formerly gained by certain actions.


major

From Middle English major, from Latin maior, comparative of magnus (“great, large; noble, important”), from Proto-Indo-European *méǵh₂yōs (“greater”), comparative of *meǵh₂- (“great”). Compare West Frisian majoar (“major”), Dutch majoor (“major”), French majeur. Doublet of mayor.

pääaineopiskelija

student specializing in a specified subject

(Canadian football) A touchdown, or major score.


bracket

From earlier bragget, *bracket, from Middle English *braget, *braket (attested in braket nail), from Old French braguette (“the opening in the fore part of a pair of breeches, one's fly”), a diminutive of Old French brague (“knickers, britches”), from Old Occitan braga, from Latin brāca (“pants”), from Transalpine Gaulish *brāca, from Proto-Germanic *brāks, an early form of Proto-Germanic *brōks (“leggings, breeches, trousers”).

kllapë

generically any of “(”, “)”, “[”, “]”, “{”, “}”, “⟨”, “⟩”, “<”, “>”, etc.

(sports) A diagram of games in a tournament.

(sports) A prediction of the outcome of games in a tournament, used for betting purposes.

pudotuspeliennuste

sport: prediction of the outcome of games in a tournament


hitman

→ Cebuano: hitman

(soccer) A goalscorer; someone who scores goals.


carry

en-verb

carry (third-person singular simple present carries, present participle carrying, simple past and past participle carried)

carries (present singular third-person)
carrying (participle present)
carried (participle past)
carried (past)

borrow

the equivalent reverse procedure in the inverse operation of subtraction

→ Cantonese: carry

From Middle English carrien, from Anglo-Norman carier (modern French charrier); from a derivative of Latin carrus (“four-wheeled baggage wagon”), ultimately of Gaulish origin.

tīhei

on the back but held in place with hands

mackerel sky and mare's-tails make lofty ships carry low sails

mackerel sky and mare's-tails make tall ships carry low sails

one can't carry two watermelons under one arm

Nani collected the ball on the halfway line, drifted past Bryan Ruiz, and carried the ball unchallenged 50 yards down the left before picking out Welbeck for a crisp finish from seven yards.

2011 December 21, Tom Rostance, “Fulham 0-5 Man Utd”, in BBC Sport:

(transitive, sports) To transport (the ball) whilst maintaining possession.

(intransitive, cricket) For the ball, having been hit in the air, to reach a fielder without touching the ground (whether or not the fielder catches it).


carry

(golf) The distance travelled by the ball when struck, until it hits the ground.


substitute

en-verb

substitute (third-person singular simple present substitutes, present participle substituting, simple past and past participle substituted)

substitutes (present singular third-person)
substituting (participle present)
substituted (participle past)
substituted (past)

From Middle English substituten, from Latin substitutus, past participle of substituō.

He was playing poorly and was substituted after twenty minutes

Mario Balotelli replaced Tevez but his contribution was so negligible that he suffered the indignity of being substituted himself as time ran out, a development that encapsulated a wretched 90 minutes for City and boss Roberto Mancini.

2011 April 11, Phil McNulty, “Liverpool 3 - 0 Man City”, in BBC Sport:

(transitive, sports) To remove (a player) from the field of play and bring on another in his place.

сме́ням

sports: to remove from the field and bring on another player


substitute

Dean Whitehead opened the scoring shortly after the break with a low finish and substitute Peter Crouch sealed the win with a tap-in.

2011 November 3, David Ornstein, “Macc Tel-Aviv 1 - 2 Stoke”, in BBC Sport:

(sports) A player who is available to replace another if the need arises, and who may or may not actually do so.


form

en-noun

form (countable and uncountable, plural forms)

→ Korean: 폼 (pom)

→ Norwegian Bokmål: form

From Middle English forme (“shape, figure, manner, bench, frame, seat, condition, agreement, etc.”), borrowed from Old French forme, from Latin fōrma (“shape, figure, image, outline, plan, mold, frame, case, etc., manner, sort, kind, etc.”).
In sense "division grouping school students" (now dated), derived from public school nomenclature later adopted by state schools. It is sometimes said to be from the sense of "bench", where students of certain ages would sit together, though this is disputed, or alternatively from the sense of "established method of expression or practice".

der

imitation is the sincerest form of flattery

(sports, fitness) A specific way of performing a movement.


heater

→ Japanese: ヒーター (hītā)

Jones threw a heater under his chin.

(baseball, slang) A fastball, especially one thrown at high velocity.

(horse racing) A dead heat; a race in which two or more competitors reach the finish line simultaneously.


course

→ Gulf Arabic: كورس (kōrs)

From Middle English cours, from Old French cours, from Latin cursus (“course of a race”), from currō (“run”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱers- (“to run”). Doublet of cursus and cour.

polku

the course of true love never did run smooth

A path that something or someone moves along.

(sports) The trajectory of a ball, frisbee etc.


juice

en-noun

juice (usually uncountable, plural juices)

Tok Pisin: jus

→ Czech: džus

→ Danish: juice

→ Faroese: djús

→ Hungarian: dzsúsz

→ Icelandic: djús

→ Indonesian: jus

→ Japanese: ジュース (jūsu)

→ Korean: 주스 (juseu), 쥬스 (juseu)

→ Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: juice, jus

Norwegian Nynorsk: juice, jus

→ Papiamentu: djus

→ Serbo-Croatian: džus

→ Slovak: džús

→ Swahili: juisi, jusi

→ Swedish: juice, jos

→ Zulu: újúsi

From Middle English jus, juis, from Old French jus, jous, from Latin jūs (“broth, soup, sauce”), from Proto-Indo-European *yúHs, from *yewH- (“to mix (of meal preparation)”). Doublet of jus and ukha. In this sense, mostly displaced native Middle English sew (“juice”), from Old English sēaw (“juice, sap”) (> English sew (“juice, broth, gravy”)). Sense of "soft drink" most likely an ellipsis of fizzy juice, another similarly common term in Scotland.

the blacker the berry, the sweeter the juice

the darker the berry, the sweeter the juice

(uncountable, slang) Any source or enabler of significant positive effects.


juice

en-verb

juice (third-person singular simple present juices, present participle juicing, simple past and past participle juiced)

juices (present singular third-person)
juicing (participle present)
juiced (participle past)
juiced (past)

I followed the home run race between Sosa and McGuire, and any fool could see they were juicing.

2012, Phil Denapoli, Preying on the Innocent, page 233:

(intransitive, slang, bodybuilding) To take a performance-enhancing drug.


snowman

* snow + -man.
* (score of eight; card ranked eight): A typical snowman, built from two balls of snow, resembles a figure eight.

[The Angels] dropped a snowman early on us [Saturday] and we built a snowman early too.

1996 June 3, Buster Olney, “Chat with Sparky helps 'useless' Johnson Dejected O's manager gets lift from ex-Tigers boss”, in The Baltimore Sun (quoting B. J. Surhoff):

"Then they dropped a snowman (8) on us and did it pretty quick," Narron said. "Then Stone had to stay out there and suck it up for us […]"

2005 June 26, Dayton Daily News, page 44:

For me, another blow-up score of a snowman, 8, seems about right on this hole.

2018, Andre Huu, The Round of Your Life: A Book on Golf and Life, Archway Publishing, →ISBN:

(baseball, golf) A score of eight, especially within one inning (in baseball) or on one hole (in golf, where it is also known as dogballs).


jaw

From Middle English jowe~joue~jaue, seemingly borrowed from Old French jowe~joue~joe, itself from Vulgar Latin *gauta.
The OED argues that, since Chaucer rhymed jowe with clowe (“claw”), the tonic vowel was not /uː/ and so jowe does not correspond to the French word. (On the other hand, it raises no such objection against the derivation of paw from Old French powe~poue~poe, from *pauta.) It is not clear that Middle English ever borrowed an Old French word in which /ɔw/ had already turned to /u/. If the normal modern English outcome is taken to be the /əʊ/ of clove, escrow, hoe, mow, and soldier (implying a Middle English /ɔw/), then the /ɔː/ of jaw and paw (implying a Middle English /aw/) may be explained as the result of either borrowing from Middle English dialects that merged /ɔw/ into /aw/ or blending with semantically adjacent words like chaule (“jaw”) and clawe (“claw”).
The OED, with reluctance, offers the theory that the original Middle English form could have been an unattested *chowe, from an also-unattested Old English *ċēowe (from Proto-West Germanic *keuwā). /t͡ʃ-/ > /d͡ʒ-/ is not unheard-of; cf. jam, jar, jarm, jitter, and jowl. The OED also note that a variant chaw is in fact documented in English, but only from 1530 onward, some 150 years after the j- forms.

(snooker) The curved part of the cushion marking the entry to the pocket.


jaw

jaw (third-person singular simple present jaws, present participle jawing, simple past and past participle jawed)

jaws (present singular third-person)
jawing (participle present)
jawed (participle past)
jawed (past)

(snooker, transitive, intransitive) (of a ball) To stick in the jaws of a pocket.


main

Uncertain; probably from the adjective main. Evidence is lacking for a derivation from French main (“hand”).

My lord was hunting all day when the ſeaſon admitted; he frequented all the cockfights and fairs in the country, and would ride twenty miles to ſee a main fought, or two clowns break their heads at a cudgelling match; […]

1852, William Makepeace Thackeray, “After Good Fortune Comes Evil”, in The History of Henry Esmond, Esq. […] , volume I, London: […] Smith, Elder, & Company, […], →OCLC, page 171:

(obsolete, gaming, sports) A sporting contest or match, especially a cockfighting match.


service

en-noun

service (countable and uncountable, plural services)

From Middle English servise, from Old French servise (French service), from the verb servir, from Latin servitium (compare Portuguese serviço, Italian servizio, Norman sèrvice, Spanish servicio), from servus (“servant; serf; slave”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ser-wo-s (“guardian”), possibly from *ser- (“watch over, protect”). Displaced native Old English þeġnung.

The player had four service faults in the set.

(sports) The act of initially starting, or serving, the ball in play in tennis, volleyball, and other games.

се́рвис

sports: act of initially serving the ball


cruise

Borrowed from Dutch kruisen (“cross, sail around”), from kruis (“cross”), from Middle Dutch cruce, from Latin crux.

Coordinate term: blast

(bodybuilding, slang) A period of reducing the dosage of PEDs instead of cycling them off as opposed to a full-dosed cycle (blast).


cruise

en-verb

cruise (third-person singular simple present cruises, present participle cruising, simple past and past participle cruised)

cruises (present singular third-person)
cruising (participle present)
cruised (participle past)
cruised (past)
cruize (alternative)

→ Dutch: cruisen, cruise

→ French: cruiser

Germany cruised to a World Cup victory over the short-handed Australians.

(intransitive, sports) To win easily and convincingly.

Coordinate term: blast

blast and cruise

(bodybuilding, slang) To have a period of reducing the dosage of PEDs instead of cycling them off as opposed to going through a full-dosed cycle (blast).


yam

yam (third-person singular simple present yams, present participle yamming, simple past and past participle yammed)

yams (present singular third-person)
yamming (participle present)
yammed (participle past)
yammed (past)

Apparently a variation of jam (“dunk”, verb).

For quotations using this term, see Citations:yam.

(especially basketball) To dunk on; to beat humiliatingly.


double

PIE word
 *dwóh₁
From Middle English double, from Old French doble, double, from Latin duplus (“twofold”). Doublet of doppio and duple.

The catcher hit a double to lead off the ninth.

Brecel fired in doubles, a succession of stunning long pots and seemingly cleared balls at will as he rattled through the first four frames in under an hour.

2023 May 1, Steve Sutcliffe, “World Snooker Championship 2023 final: Luca Brecel beats Mark Selby for first world title”, in BBC Sport:

(billiards, snooker) A strike in which the object ball is struck so as to make it rebound against the cushion to an opposite pocket.

(soccer) Two competitions, usually one league and one cup, won by the same team in a single season.

DJ Campbell grabbed a second-half double as Blackpool made Sunderland pay for a host of missed chances to secure a fifth away league win of the season.

2010 December 28, Owen Phillips, “Sunderland 0 - 2 Blackpool”, in BBC:

(sports) The feat of scoring twice in one game.

In 1996, Michael Johnson achieved a double by winning both the 200 and 400 meter dashes.

(sports, chiefly swimming and track) The feat of winning two events in a single meet or competition.

(cricket) The achievement of 1000 runs and 100 wickets taken in a single season.


double

double (third-person singular simple present doubles, present participle doubling, simple past and past participle doubled)

doubles (present singular third-person)
doubling (participle present)
doubled (participle past)
doubled (past)

The batter doubled into the corner.

(billiards, snooker, pool) To cause (a ball) to rebound from a cushion before entering the pocket.


flèche

Borrowed from French flèche. Compare fletch.

(fencing) A method of attack with a sword (foil or épée) in which the attacker's back leg crosses in front of the front leg in the offensive move.


flèche

flèche (third-person singular simple present flèches, present participle flèching, simple past and past participle flèched)

flèches (present singular third-person)
flèching (participle present)
flèched (participle past)
flèched (past)

(fencing) To attack using the flèche method.


slip

From Middle English slippen, probably from Middle Low German slippen, from Old Saxon *slippian, from Proto-West Germanic *slippjan, from Proto-Germanic *slipjaną (“to glide”), an iterative form of *slīpaną (“to slip, slide”), from Proto-Indo-European *sleyb- (“slimy; to slide”). Possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *slewbʰ- (“slip, slide”), or related to Proto-Germanic *slībaną (“to split”); related to Old English slipor (“slippery”).
Cognate with Saterland Frisian slipje (“to slip”), Dutch slippen (“to slip”), German Low German slippen, slupen (“to slip”), German schlüpfen (“to slip”).

der

there's many a slip between the cup and the lip

there's many a slip twixt the cup and the lip

(cricket) Any of several fielding positions to the off side of the wicket keeper, designed to catch the ball after being deflected from the bat; a fielder in that position (See first slip, second slip, third slip, fourth slip and fifth slip.)


torrid

en-adj

torrid (comparative torrider, superlative torridest)

torrider (comparative)
torridest (superlative)

From Latin torridus, from torreō (“parch, scorch”).

But thanks to a torrid stretch that started in mid-June, the Yankees have regained first place in the A.L. East and built the largest division lead — nine games ahead of the second-place Tampa Bay Rays — in the league.

2019 July 22, James Wagner, “Yankees Face Another A.L. Powerhouse in the Twins”, in The New York Times, page B11:

(chiefly US, sports) [of a streak, form, etc.] Good, impressive, hot


WTF

wtf (alternative)
W.T.F. (alternative)
W. T. F. (alternative)

Likewise the WTF says they are the official Tae Kwon Do organization because […]

1998, The complete Idiot's guide to Taekwondo:

The International Olympic Committee (IOC) recognizes WTF at its 83rd […]

2003, Taekwondo: A Step-By-Step Guide to the Korean Art of Self-Defense:

The Secretariat of the World Taekwondo Federation (WTF) is located in Seoul, South Korea, in a beautiful edifice […]

2005, Official Taekwondo Training Manual:

The WTF secretary general, Hoss Rafaty, told insidethegames that the governing body would look to market itself as World Taekwondo for business and commercial purposes, although there are no current plans to officially change the organisation’s name.

2015 December 26, “WTF? Taekwondo governing body set for rebrand over use of acronym”, in The Guardian:

World Taekwondo Federation
w:World Taekwondo

(sports, taekwondo, dated, 1973–2017) Initialism of World Taekwondo Federation.


poker

→ Armenian: պոկեր (poker)

→ Catalan: pòquer

→ Chinese: 撲克 /扑克 (pūkè; pok³ hak¹)

→ Czech: poker

→ Dutch: poker

→ Esperanto: pokero

→ Finnish: pokeri

→ French: poker

→ Georgian: პოკერი (ṗoḳeri)

→ German: Poker
→ Estonian: pokker

→ Greek: πόκερ (póker)

→ Hungarian: póker

→ Icelandic: póker

→ Italian: poker

→ Japanese: ポーカー (pokā)

→ Korean: 포커 (pokeo)

→ Luxembourgish: Poker

→ Macedonian: покер (poker)

→ Polish: poker

→ Portuguese: pôquer, póquer (Portugal)

→ Russian: покер (poker)

→ Serbo-Croatian: poker / покер

→ Slovene: poker

→ Spanish: póquer

→ Swedish: poker

→ Turkish: poker

American English, perhaps from first element of German Pochspiel, from German pochen, perhaps from French poque. First appeared in the 19th century.

2021 September 20, Ratul Ghosh, "THE BEST MOMENTS FROM JIMMY GREAVES' LEGENDARY FOOTBALLING CAREER FootTheBall
Greaves hit three hat-tricks, two pokers and five goals against West Brom on his way to a record-setting 41 league goals.

2022 April 17, Dylan Butler, "Recap: NYCFC 6, Real Salt Lake 0" MLS.com
Poker Face: Taty Castellanos strikes FOUR times for NYCFC vs. RSL

Ibra has scored a "poker" on four separate occasions during his career: twice with Paris Saint-Germain and twice for Sweden. The most famed example must surely be his single-handed crushing of England in a friendly back in 2012, when the striker rounded off a 4-2 victory for the Swedes with a truly immense long-range overhead kick in the final minute.

2023 January 24, Chris Wright, "Mbappe scored career-high five goals in one game. What about Messi, Ronaldo and world's other top strikers?" Toe Poke (ESPN)

The only player who scored a poker at Nou Camp is Milinko Pantić. Curiously, despite his 4 goals, his team (Atlético Madrid) lost the game.

2023 April 6, "THE 11TH HAT TRICK SCORER AT NOU CAMP" International Federation of Football History and Statistics

2023 April 30, "Europa League's fastest goals and quickest hat-tricks" UEFA
Daka also became only the fifth player to score four or more in a Europa League match, and the second fastest after Willian José, whose 'poker' came in the space of 26 minutes for Real Sociedad at Vardar in 2017.

(soccer, rare) [a player's] scoring four goals in one match


horseshoe

/ˈhɔːɹs.ʃuː/

From Middle English horsscho, horssho, horscho, hors schoo, equivalent to horse + shoe.

almost only counts in horseshoes and hand grenades

close only counts in horseshoes and darts

close only counts in horseshoes and hand grenades

The lateral head of your triceps forms the outside of the horseshoe, the long head forms the inside, the medial head lies beneath the long head, and the tendon occupies the flat space in the middle.

2004, Ellington Darden, The New High-Intensity Training, page 58:

(bodybuilding, slang) A well-developed set of triceps brachii muscles.

hevosenkenkä

bodybuilding: well-developed set of triceps brachii


skater

(ice hockey) A player who is not a goaltender.

kenttäpelaaja

ice hockey: player other than goaltender


turf

en-noun

turf (countable and uncountable, plural turfs or turves)

From Middle English turf, torf, from Old English turf (“turf, sod, soil, piece of grass covered earth, greensward”), from Proto-West Germanic *turb, from Proto-Germanic *turbz (“turf, lawn”), from Proto-Indo-European *derbʰ- (“tuft, grass”).
Cognate with Dutch turf (“turf”), Middle Low German torf (“peat, turf”) (whence German Torf and German Low German Torf), Swedish torv (“turf”), Norwegian torv (“turf”), Icelandic torf (“turf”), Russian трава (trava, “grass”), Sanskrit दर्भ (darbhá, “a kind of grass”), दूर्वा (dū́rvā, “bent grass”).

cog

(uncountable, with "the", sports) A racetrack, hippodrome.

turf

a racetrack; or the sport of horse racing

(uncountable, with "the", sports) The sport of racing horses.


bury

en-verb

bury (third-person singular simple present buries, present participle burying, simple past and past participle buried)

buries (present singular third-person)
burying (participle present)
buried (participle past)
buried (past)

Middle English burien, berien, from Old English byrġan, from Proto-West Germanic *burgijan, from Proto-Germanic *burgijaną (“to keep safe”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰergʰ- (“to defend, protect”).
Cognate with Icelandic byrgja (“to cover, shut; to hold in”); West Frisian bergje (“to keep”), German bergen (“to save/rescue something”), Danish bjerge (“to save/rescue something or somebody”); also Eastern Lithuanian bir̃ginti (“to save, spare”), Russian бере́чь (beréčʹ, “to spare”), Ossetian ӕмбӕрзын (æmbærzyn, “to cover”).
The spelling with ⟨u⟩ represents the pronunciation of the West Midland and Southern dialects, while the Modern English pronunciation with /ɛ/ is from the Kentish dialects.

دَفَنَ

to hide or conceal as if by covering with earth

You could feel the relief after Bendtner collected Wilshere's raking pass before cutting inside Carlos Edwards and burying his shot beyond Fulop.

2011 January 25, Paul Fletcher, “Arsenal 3-0 Ipswich (agg. 3-1)”, in BBC:

professional wrestling
professional wrestling

(professional wrestling slang) To ruin the image or character of another wrestler; usually by embarrassing or defeating them in dominating fashion.


snooker

en-noun

snooker (countable and uncountable, plural snookers)

She put her opponent in a snooker.

(snooker, pool) The situation where the cue ball is in such a position that the player cannot directly hit a legal ball with it.


snooker

en-verb

snooker (third-person singular simple present snookers, present participle snookering, simple past and past participle snookered)

snookers (present singular third-person)
snookering (participle present)
snookered (participle past)
snookered (past)

(transitive, snooker, pool) To place the cue ball in such a position that (the opponent) cannot directly hit the required ball with it.


pool

1. From French poule (“collective stakes in a game”). The French word "poule" in this context is an abbreviation of "poulain, pouliche" (foal, filly), and referred to races with female horses under 3 years old. It then became used by punters to designate bets on that race, and started to be used from the racetrack to the stadiums.
2. The OED suggests that this may be a transferred use of poule (“hen”), which has been explained anecdotally as deriving from an old informal betting game in France - 'jeu de poule' - Game of Chicken (or Hen, literally) in which poule became synonymous with the combined money pot claimed by the winner.

bor

pull (accents with FOOT-GOOSE merger or full-fool merger)

He plays pool at the billiard-houses, and may be seen engaged at cards and dominoes of forenoons.

1848, William Makepeace Thackeray, chapter 23, in The Book of Snobs:

(sports) A cue sport played on a pool table. There are 15 balls, 7 of one colour or solids, 7 of another color or stripes, and the black ball (also called the 8 ball). A player must pocket all their own colour balls and then the black ball in order to win.

(fencing) A group of fencers taking part in a competition.


putt

Borrowed from Scots putt (“to put”). Compare Middle Dutch putten (“to dig a pit”). The Old English putian (“to push; thrust; put; place”) derivation is commonly assumed, although no longer valid. In Dutch, the word is instanced in a description of golf in an early seventeenth-century edition of Pieter van Afferden's Tyrocinium linguae latinae. All derive from Proto-Germanic *putōną.

cog

(golf) The act of tapping a golf ball lightly on a putting green.


putt

en-verb

putt (third-person singular simple present putts, present participle putting, simple past and past participle putted)

putts (present singular third-person)
putting (participle present)
putted (participle past)
putted (past)

There were the golfers. Was it possible that they were going on with their game? Yes, there was a fellow driving off from a tee, and that other group upon the green were surely putting for the hole.

1913, Arthur Conan Doyle, “(please specify the page)”, in The Poison Belt […], London; New York, N.Y.: Hodder and Stoughton, →OCLC:

(golf) To lightly strike a golf ball with a putter.

fer un putt

to lightly strike a golf ball with a putter


log

logs (plural)
logg (alternative)
logge (alternative)

From Middle English logg, logge (first recorded in Anglo-Latin as loggum), of uncertain origin, but probably from Old Norse lóg, lág (“felled tree, log”), derived from Old Norse liggja (“to lie”). If so, then cognate with Norwegian låg (“fallen tree”), Dutch loog (“wood, timber, lumber”).
Alternatively, directly from Norwegian låg (“fallen tree”), which could have been borrowed through the Norwegian timber trade. However the Old Norse/Middle Norwegian vowel is long while Middle English vowel is short.

1999, Neal Miyake https://web.archive.org/web/20060530122555/http://www.iav.com/~sponge/sesh/new2/sesh213.htm
I know he hadn’t surfed on a log much in his childhood


lug

lug (third-person singular simple present lugs, present participle lugging, simple past and past participle lugged)

lugs (present singular third-person)
lugging (participle present)
lugged (participle past)
lugged (past)

From Middle English luggen, possibly from Scandinavian source, (compare Swedish lugga, Norwegian lugge); also in English dialectal as lig (“to lug”). Noun is via Scots lugge, probably from Old Norse (compare Norwegian and Swedish lugg). Probably related to slug (“lazy, slow-moving”), which may be from similar source(s). See slow.

(intransitive, horse-racing) To pull toward the inside rail ("lugging in") or the outside rail ("lugging out") during a race.


RPG

Initialism. When applied to a "rocket-propelled grenade" it derives from Russian РПГ (RPG), initialism of ручной противотанковый гранатомёт (ručnoj protivotankovyj granatomjót, “hand-held anti-tank grenade launcher”), of which "rocket-propelled grenade" is a backronym (though an accurate description of the weapon system).


row

From Middle English rowen (“to row”), from Old English rōwan (“to row”), from Proto-Germanic *rōaną (“to row”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁reh₁- (“to row”). Compare West Frisian roeie, Dutch roeien, Danish ro. More at rudder. Related to Russia.

(weightlifting) An exercise performed with a pulling motion of the arms towards the back.


timber

en-noun

timber (countable and uncountable, plural timbers)

From Middle English tymber, from Old English timber, from Proto-West Germanic *timr, from Proto-Germanic *timrą, from Proto-Indo-European *dem- (“build, house”) (see Proto-Indo-European *dṓm).
Cognates include Dutch timmer, Old High German zimbar (German Zimmer), Norwegian tømmer, Old Norse timbr, Gothic 𐍄𐌹𐌼𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌽 (timrjan, “to build”), Latin domus and Ancient Greek δόμος (dómos).


lumber

en-noun

lumber (usually uncountable, plural lumbers)

Exact origin unknown. The earliest recorded reference for the noun was to heavy, useless objects such as old, discarded furniture. Perhaps from the verb lumber in reference to meaning "awkward to move"; Online Etymological Dictionary thinks this may derive from the same root as lame. Possibly influenced by Lumbar, an obsolete variant of Lombard, the Italian immigrant class known for being pawnbrokers and money-lenders in early England. Compare English lumpish.


batter

The first batter hit the ball into the corner for a double.

(baseball) The player attempting to hit the ball with a bat.

(cricket) A player of the batting side now on the field.

(cricket) The player now receiving strike; the striker.

It's hard to put this on his shoulders while the guy is so young, but I firmly believe Kane could go down as New Zealand's greatest ever batter.

(cricket) Any player selected for his or her team principally to bat, as opposed to a bowler.


method

(skateboarding, snowboarding) Ellipsis of method air..


rope

rope (countable and uncountable, plural ropes)

ropes (plural)
roap (alternative)
roape (alternative)

→ Irish: rópa

Tok Pisin: rop

From Middle English rop, rope, from Old English rāp (“rope, cord, cable”), from Proto-West Germanic *raip, from Proto-Germanic *raipaz, *raipą (“rope, cord, band, ringlet”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁roypnós (“strap, band, rope”), from *h₁reyp- (“to peel off, tear; border, edge, strip”).
Cognates
Cognate with Scots rape, raip (“rope”), Saterland Frisian Roop (“rope”), West Frisian reap (“rope, cord”), Dutch roop, reep (“rope, cord, ring, strip, bar”), German Low German Reep (“rope”), Swedish rep (“rope”), Danish reb (“rope”), Icelandic reipi (“rope”), Albanian rrip (“belt, rope”).

der

give him enough rope and he'll hang himself

you'd complain if you were hung with a new rope

He hit a rope past third and into the corner.


killer

en-noun

killer (countable and uncountable, plural killers)

→ German: Killer

→ Italian: killer

→ Japanese: キラー (kirā)

→ Russian: ки́ллер (kíller)

From Middle English killer, kyller. By surface analysis, kill + -er.

(sports, uncountable) A knockout form of darts or pool involving several players.


hurricane

(sports, aerial freestyle skiing) "full—triple-full—full" – an acrobatic maneuver consisting of three flips and five twists, with one twist on the first flip, three twists on the second flip, one twist on the third flip


series

series (plural series or (obsolete) serieses)

series (plural)
serieses (obsolete plural)

→ Japanese: シリーズ (shirīzu)

→ Korean: 시리즈 (sirijeu)

→ Burmese: စီးရီး (ci:ri:)

Attested from the 1610s; borrowed from Latin seriēs, from serere (“to join together, bind”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ser- (“to bind, put together, to line up”). Related to desert, insert, sermon, and sorcerer.

مُتَسَلْسِلَة

in analysis: sum of the terms of a sequence

The Blue Jays are playing the Yankees in a four-game series.

(cricket, baseball) A group of matches between two sides, with the aim being to win more matches than the opposition.


glut

From Middle English glotien, from Old French gloter, glotir (compare French engloutir (“to devour”), glouton (“glutton”)), from Latin gluttiō, gluttīre (“I swallow”). Akin to Russian глотать (glotatʹ, “to swallow”).

Four goals scored by a single player in a match can be described as a 'haul', while five goals is unofficially a 'glut'.

2020 October 23, “What is a brace in soccer?”, in Goal:

(British, soccer) Five goals scored by one player in a game.


breeze

breezes (plural)
brize (alternative)
briess (alternative)

From the earlier (nautical) term brise, brize (“breeze”), from Middle English brees (“wind”). Ultimate origin obscure.
Variously supposed to derive from a Germanic source like Saterland Frisian Briese (“breeze”), West Frisian brys (“a cool wind”), Dutch bries (“breeze”), early Dutch brysen (“to blow cool and fresh”), or from Spanish brisa (“northeast wind”).
The earliest attestations are in Middle English brees (1460), Catalan brisa, and Italian brezza (all in 15th century), with Spanish (1504) and Portuguese briza (16th century) following closely after. The aforementioned Dutch cognates and French brise, however, are attested later than the term in English. The only internal hypothesis for any of those languages is a modification of Old Occitan bisa (“strong wind”), which is not widely accepted.
Compare also Albanian breshër (“hail”).

unk

obscure

(cricket) Wind blowing across a cricket match, whatever its strength.


table

→ Assamese: টেবুল (tebul)

→ Bengali: টেবিল (ṭebil)

→ Gujarati: ટેબલ (ṭebal)

→ Japanese: テーブル (tēburu)

→ Korean: 테이블 (teibeul)

→ Maori: tēpu

→ Nepali: टेबुल (ṭebul)

→ Odia: ଟେବଲ୍ (ṭebal)

→ Sylheti: ꠐꠦꠛꠥꠟ (ṭebul)

→ Telugu: టేబులు (ṭēbulu)

Inherited from Middle English table, tabel, tabil, tabul, from Old English tabele, tabul, tablu, tabule, tabula (“board”); also as tæfl, tæfel, an early Germanic borrowing of Latin tabula (“tablet, board, plank, chart”). The sense of “piece of furniture” is from Old French table, of same Latin origin; Old English used bēod or bord instead for this meaning: see board. Doublet of tabula and tavla.

der

On this evidence they will certainly face tougher tests, as a depleted Newcastle side seemed to bask in the relative security of being ninth in the table.

2011 April 10, Alistair Magowan, “Aston Villa 1-0 Newcastle”, in BBC Sport:

(sports) A visual representation of a classification of teams or individuals based on their success over a predetermined period.


diamond

en-noun

diamond (countable and uncountable, plural diamonds)

From Middle English dyamaunt, from Old French diamant, from Late Latin diamās, from Latin adamās, from Ancient Greek ἀδάμᾱς (adámās, “diamond”). Doublet of adamant. The printing sense is a calque of Dutch diamant, used by Dirck Voskens who first cut it around 1700; compare pearl, ruby (“size of type between pearl and nonpareil”).

der

(baseball) The entire field of play used in the game.

The teams met on the diamond.

(baseball) The infield of a baseball field.


collapse

en-verb

collapse (third-person singular simple present collapses, present participle collapsing, simple past and past participle collapsed)

collapses (present singular third-person)
collapsing (participle present)
collapsed (participle past)
collapsed (past)

From Latin collāpsus (past participle of collābor).

(intransitive, cricket) To suffer a batting collapse.


collapse

en-noun

collapse (countable and uncountable, plural collapses)

batting collapse
batting collapse#English


dress

en-verb

dress (third-person singular simple present dresses, present participle dressing, simple past dressed, past participle dressed or (obsolete) drest)

dresses (present singular third-person)
dressing (participle present)
dressed (past)
dressed (participle past)
drest (obsolete participle past)
dress (infinitive)

→ Sranan Tongo: dresi

PIE word
 *dwís
The verb is from Middle English dressen, dresse (“to arrange, put in order”), from Anglo-Norman, Old French dresser, drecier (modern French dresser), from Late Latin *directiare, from Latin dīrēctus, the perfect passive participle of dīrigō (“to arrange in lines, direct, steer”), from dis- (prefix meaning ‘apart; asunder; in two’) + regō (“to govern, manage”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₃reǵ- (“straight, right”). Doublet of direct.
The noun is derived from the verb.

aantrek

to put clothes on (oneself or someone, etc.) — see also clothe

self aantrek

to put on clothes — see also get dressed

koristaa

to adorn or ornament (something) — see also adorn, ornament

siistiä

to fit or prepare (something) for use; to render (something) suitable for an intended purpose — see also get ready

whakahuene

referring to preparing rough sawn timber

Due to a left ankle sprain, the basketball player did not dress for the game against Indiana.

(sports) Of a sportsperson: to put on the uniform and have the equipment needed to play a sport.

pukea

of a sportsperson: to put on the uniform and have the equipment needed to play a sport


top

en-noun

top (countable and uncountable, plural tops)

From Middle English top, toppe, from Old English top (“top, highest part; summit; crest; tassel, tuft; (spinning) top, ball; a tuft or ball at the highest point of anything”), from Proto-West Germanic *topp, from Proto-Germanic *tuppaz (“braid, pigtail, end”), of unknown ultimate origin.
Cognate with Scots tap (“top”), North Frisian top, tap, tup (“top”), Saterland Frisian Top (“top”), West Frisian top (“top”), Dutch top (“top, summit, peak”), Low German Topp (“top”), German Zopf (“braid, pigtail, plait, top”), Swedish topp (“top, peak, summit, tip”), Icelandic toppur (“top”).
The sense of a spinning toy is separated from this, obscurely related to Dutch top and dop in this sense, against Standard Dutch tol, and French toupie having this sense.

頂上

chōjō, ちょうじょう

suprulo

BDSM: dominant partner in a BDSM relationship or roleplay

主動 /主动

gay sexual slang: gay man who likes to penetrate in sex

one's elevator doesn't go all the way to the top

The highest or uppermost part of something.

(baseball) The first half of an inning, during which the home team fields and the visiting team bats.

(golf, cue sports, racquet sports) A stroke on the top of the ball.

What is wanted is just the reverse - i.e top or overspin, which causes the ball to revolve in the direction in which it is going.

1886, E.T.Sachs, The Boys Own Annual: Lawn-Tennis of the Present, volume 9, page 778:

(golf, cue sports, racquet sports) A forward spin given to the ball by hitting it on or near the top; topspin.


top

en-verb

top (third-person singular simple present tops, present participle topping, simple past and past participle topped)

tops (present singular third-person)
topping (participle present)
topped (participle past)
topped (past)

(golf) To strike (the ball) above the centre; also, to make (a stroke, etc.) by hitting the ball in this way.


wag

wag (third-person singular simple present wags, present participle wagging, simple past and past participle wagged)

wags (present singular third-person)
wagging (participle present)
wagged (participle past)
wagged (past)

From Middle English waggen, probably from Old English wagian (“to wag, wave, shake”) with reinforcement from Old Norse vaga (“to wag, waddle”); both from Proto-Germanic *wagōną (“to wag”). Related to English way.
The verb may be regarded as an iterative or emphatic form of waw (verb), which is often nearly synonymous; it was used, e.g., of a loose tooth. Parallel formations from the same root are the Old Norse vagga feminine, cradle (Swedish vagga, Danish vugge), Swedish vagga (“to rock a cradle”), vugge (“to rock a cradle”), Dutch wagen (“to move”), early modern German waggen (dialectal German wacken) to waver, totter. Compare waggle, verb

inh

The tail wagged.

(intransitive, cricket, slang) Of the tail (lower order of the batting lineup): to score more runs than expected.


ton

→ Tokelauan: tone, tane

Variant of tun (“cask”), influenced by Old French tonne (“ton”).

ton

various units of mass notionally equivalent to a tun

(colloquial, chiefly UK) Synonym of hundred, particularly

Synonym of hundred, particularly
100 points.

Synonym of hundred, particularly
100 runs.


batman

en-verb

batman (third-person singular simple present batmans, present participle batmanning, simple past and past participle batmanned)

batmans (present singular third-person)
batmanning (participle present)
batmanned (participle past)
batmanned (past)

At 16,200 feet I batmanned madly down the fixed ropes, stopping constantly to catch my breath, not sure how much longer I could continue.

1993, Steve Roper, Allen Steck, The Best of Ascent: Twenty-Five Years of the Mountaineering Experience:

Instead, they batmanned effortlessly hand-over-hand up the rope like kids pulling in perch.

2005, Alan Hobson, Jamie Clarke, Above All Else: The Everest Dream, →ISBN, page 53:

The Germans had left fixed ropes in place, which the Brits unashamedly batmanned up to reach the summit ridge.

2006, Alpinist - Issue 18; Issue 20, page 36:

So without hesitation I “batmanned” the rope, freed it, and we continued.

2011, Kerry Burns, Cameron Burns, Climb: Tales of Man Versus Boulder, Crag, Wall, and Peak, →ISBN, page 96:

When climbers fall they will usually want to return to their high point to resume climbing, and that will either involve batmanning or boinking.

2018, Nate Fitch, Ron Funderburke, Climbing: From First-Timer to Gym Climber, →ISBN:

(slang, mountaineering) To climb up or down a rope free hand (i.e. as Batman does).


burgle

burgle (third-person singular simple present burgles, present participle burgling, simple past and past participle burgled)

burgles (present singular third-person)
burgling (participle present)
burgled (participle past)
burgled (past)

And when scrum-half Ben Youngs, who had a poor game, was burgled by opposite number Irakli Abuseridze and the ball shipped down the line to Irakli Machkhaneli, it looked like Georgia had scored a try of their own, but the winger's foot was in touch.

2011 September 18, Ben Dirs, “Rugby World Cup 2011: England 41-10 Georgia”, in BBC Sport:

Foden did his job admirably. The fact that both City goals came from burgling possession in the final third indicated how successfully City managed collectively to disrupt Real’s buildup play.

2020 August 7, Jonathan Liew, “Phil Foden stars to offer Manchester City glimpse of multiple futures”, in The Guardian:

(UK, Ireland, sports) To take the ball legally from an opposing player.


rob

rob (third-person singular simple present robs, present participle robbing, simple past and past participle robbed)

robs (present singular third-person)
robbing (participle present)
robbed (participle past)
robbed (past)

From Middle English robben, from Anglo-Norman robber, from Late Latin raubāre, from Frankish *raubōn (compare Dutch roven) and Old High German roubōn, raubōn (“to rob, steal, plunder”), from Proto-Germanic *raubōną. Doublet of reave.

Kevin Mirallas then robbed Bacary Sagna to run into the area and draw another save from Szczesny as the Gunners held on to lead at the break.

2011 September 28, Tom Rostance, “Arsenal 2-1 Olympiakos”, in BBC Sport:

(sports) To take possession of the ball, puck etc. from.


Eskimo

en-noun

Eskimo (plural Eskimo or Eskimos or Eskimoes)

Eskimo (plural)
Eskimos (plural)
Eskimoes (plural)
Eskimau (alternative)
Esquimau (alternative)
Esquimaux (alternative)
Esquimo (alternative)

Attested since 1584, ultimately from an Old Montagnais term. Ives Goddard's theory, accepted by most linguists today, is that it derives from Montagnais ayaškimew (“snowshoe-netter”). An older theory, defended by John Steckley due to its greater acceptance in Native oral traditions, but discredited by linguists, is that it derives from a term meaning "eater(s) of raw meat".
Details.
* The theory most accepted among linguists today is that it derives from ayaškimew (“snowshoe-netter”) (compare Montagnais assime·w (“she laces a snowshoe”), Ojibwe ashkime (“s/he nets snowshoes”)), a term applied to the Mi'kmaq and apparently later transferred to the Labrador Inuit.
* An older theory derives it from a term meaning "eaters of raw meat"; compare Cree askamiciw (“s/he eats it raw”) (Inuit are referred to in some Cree texts as askipiw, "eats something raw"). John Steckley argues in favor of this theory because of its greater acceptance in native oral traditions, and because the Huron, historical allies and trading partners of the Montagnais who loan-translated many names, also denote the Inuit using terms (e.g. Lorette Huron ok8ch iechronnon, Wyandot ok8chtronnon, both including -ok8ch- "to be raw") meaning "people of the raw", "people who eat something raw".
In 1978, Montagnais-speaking Quebec anthropologist Jose Mailhot alternatively suggested Eskimo meant "people who speak a different language", but Steckley considers her theory unlikely.
The term may have entered English via Spanish esquimao, esquimal (used by Basque fishermen in Labrador).

cog

(Canadian football, historical) A team member of the Canadian Football League's Edmonton Eskimos. (Obsolete as of 2020 with the team dropping this name in favour of Elks in 2021.)


bulk

en-noun

bulk (countable and uncountable, plural bulks)

From Middle English bulk, bolke (“a heap, cargo, hold; heap; bulge”), borrowed from Old Norse búlki (“the freight or the cargo of a ship”), from Proto-Germanic *bulkô (“beam, pile, heap”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰelǵ- (“beam, pile, prop”). Compare Icelandic búlkast (“to be bulky”), Swedish dialectal bulk (“a bunch”), Danish bulk (“bump, knob”).
Conflated with Middle English bouk (“belly, trunk”).

der

(bodybuilding) Excess body mass, especially muscle.

(bodybuilding) A period where one tries to gain muscle.


wrench

en-verb

wrench (third-person singular simple present wrenches, present participle wrenching, simple past and past participle wrenched)

wrenches (present singular third-person)
wrenching (participle present)
wrenched (participle past)
wrenched (past)
wrenche (alternative)
wrinche (alternative)
wringe (alternative)

From Middle English wrenchen, from Old English wrenċan, from Proto-Germanic *wrankijaną. Compare German renken.

(intransitive, fencing, obsolete) To disarm an opponent by whirling his or her blade away.


passer

A superb passer of the ball, we expected him to wipe the floor with the opposition.

1991, Rex Mossop, The Moose That Roared, Sydney: Ironbark Press, page 157:

(sports) Someone who passes, someone who makes a pass.

(American football) A football player who makes a forward pass, who may be (but not limited to) the quarterback.


draft

en-noun

draft (countable and uncountable, plural drafts)

A phonetic spelling of draught (compare laughter), from Middle English draught, draght (“that which is pulled; that which is drawn up, a design”), from Old English *dreaht, *dræht, from Proto-West Germanic *drahti, *drahtu, from Proto-Germanic *drahtuz (“a pulling, drawing”), equivalent to draw (“to draw, drag”) + -t. Cognate with Dutch dracht, German Tracht, Icelandic dráttur.

inh

(sports, US) A system of assigning rookie players to professional sports teams.


draft

en-verb

draft (third-person singular simple present drafts, present participle drafting, simple past and past participle drafted)

drafts (present singular third-person)
drafting (participle present)
drafted (participle past)
drafted (past)
draught (alternative)

auswählen

to select someone for a particular role or purpose — see also to select someone for a particular role or purpose

After his last year of college football, he was drafted by the Miami Dolphins.

To select (someone or something) for a particular role or purpose.

(transitive, sports, US) To select a rookie player onto a professional sports team.


job

job (third-person singular simple present jobs, present participle jobbing, simple past and past participle jobbed)

jobs (present singular third-person)
jobbing (participle present)
jobbed (participle past)
jobbed (past)

From the phrase jobbe of work (“piece of work”), of uncertain origin. Perhaps from a variant of Middle English gobbe (“mass, lump”); or perhaps related to Middle English jobben (“to jab, thrust, peck”), or Middle English choppe (“piece, bargain”). More at gob, jab, chop.

der

(intransitive, professional wrestling slang) To take the loss, usually in a demeaning or submissive manner.


final

→ Japanese: ファイナル (fainaru)

→ Korean: 파이널 (paineol)

→ Swahili: fainali

From Middle English final, fynal, fynall, from Old French final, from Latin fīnālis (“of or relating to the end or to boundaries”), from fīnis (“end”); see fine. Replaced native English endly (“final”).

(sports) The last round, game or match in a contest, after which the winner is determined.


final

en-verb

final (third-person singular simple present finals, present participle finalling or (US) finaling, simple past and past participle finalled or (US) finaled)

finals (present singular third-person)
finalling (participle present)
finaling (US participle present)
finalled (participle past)
finalled (past)
finaled (US participle past)
finaled (US past)
finall (alternative)

Mike finalled in both the 400 meter and the 800 meter races.

Early in his swimming career, Baker finaled in the 200 fly at both the 1980 and 1984 Olympic Trials and was a two-time Pacific 10 Champion in the event for the University of Arizona.

2007 January 30, Archive Team, “A Day in the Life: Dennis Baker, Day 1”, in Swimming World:

Last year, Carlson would have A finaled in the 100-yard breast (58.75) and B finaled in the 200-yard breast (2:09.66).

2009 May 10, Archive Team, “Swimming World Six Star Kasey Carlson Makes College Pledge”, in Swimming World:

Vocab-wise, medalling and PB-ing are now totally part-and-parcelled, and most experts in South Korea believe podiumed, finalled and all-comered are not far off lexiconing.

2011 January 9, Harry Pearson, “London 2012 can legacy by verbing the noun”, in The Guardian:

In Summer 2019, he finaled in a pair of events at Gainesville Sectionals before going on to take 22nd in the 100m and 200m free at Greensboro Futures.

2021 January 17, Chandler Brandes, “UNC Snags Verbal from Sprinter Tyler Roberton of Tampa Bay Aquatics for 2022-23”, in Swimming World:

(intransitive, sports, colloquial) To qualify for the final round of a competition.


semifinal

semifinals (plural)
semi-final (alternative)

→ Swedish: semifinal

→ Turkish: semifinal

From Latin semifinalis, equivalent to semi- + final.

Roger Federer extended his grasscourt streak to 57 matches with a victory over Marcos Baghdatis and will play Nicolas Kiefer in the semifinals of the Gerry Weber Open in Halle, Germany.

2008 June 14, The Associated Press, “Federer Extends Streak”, in The New York Times:

In the 1991 Wimbledon semifinal between Michael Stich and Stefan Edberg, there was just one service break in the entire match, and the guy whose serve was broken, Stich, ended up winning the match!

2008, Pete Sampras, Peter Bodo, Pete Sampras: A Champion's Mind, published 2010, unnumbered page:

(sports) A playoff in the round with only four players or teams left, the stage before the final.


independent

(sports) A team not affiliated with any league or conference.


guard

guards (plural)
gard (alternative)
garde (alternative)
guarde (alternative)

From Middle English garde, from early Middle French or late Old French guarde (“a guardian, warden, keeper”) (whence modern French garde), from the verb guarder. Doublet of garda, which is from Irish.

der

(basketball) A relatively short player, playing farther from the basket than a forward or centre.

(cricket) The position on the popping crease where a batsman makes a mark to align himself with the wicket; see take guard.

(American football) Either of two offensive positions between the centre and each of the offensive tackles, whose main responsibilities are to protect the quarterback, and open up "holes" through which offensive players can run.

(martial arts) A ground grappling position in which one combatant has their back to the ground while attempting to control the other combatant using their legs.

(sports) A player playing a position named guard.


sheet

From Middle English schete; partly from Old English sċīete (“a sheet, a piece of linen cloth”); partly from Old English sċēata (“a corner, angle; the lower corner of a sail, sheet”); and Old English sċēat (“a corner, angle”); all from Proto-Germanic *skautijǭ, *skautaz (“corner, wedge, lap”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewd- (“to throw, shoot, pursue, rush”).
Cognate with North Frisian skut (“the fold of a garment, lap, coattail”), West Frisian skoat (“sheet; sail; lap”), Dutch schoot (“the fold of a garment, lap, sheet”), German Low German Schote (“a line from the foot of a sail”), German Schoß (“the fold of a garment, lap”), Swedish sköt (“sheet”), Icelandic skaut (“the corner of a cloth, a line from the foot of a sail, the skirt or sleeve of a garment, a hood”).

cog

(curling) The area of ice on which the game of curling is played.


lid

Inherited from Middle English lid, lyd, from Old English hlid, from Proto-West Germanic *hlid, from Proto-Germanic *hlidą (compare Dutch lid, German Lid (“eyelid”), Swedish lid (“gate”)), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱlitós (“covered”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱley- (“to cover”).

Mal rider, shortboard or lid everyone surfs like a kook sometimes.

the rest of us managed to dodge out of control lid riders

(surfing, slang, chiefly Australia) A bodyboard or bodyboarder.


skid

From Middle English *skid, from Old Norse skíð (“a billet of wood, a beam or plank on which something rests”), from Proto-Germanic *skīdą (“log, clapboard”), from Proto-Indo-European *skey-t-, *skey- (“to split, divide, separate”). Cognate with English shide, from Middle English schyd, schyde, schide (“plank, beam”), German Scheit (“piece of wood, log”). Doublet of ski.

inh

The team snapped a 3-game skid with a win over their biggest rival.


cannon

en-noun

cannon (countable and uncountable, plural cannons or (mainly UK) cannon)

cannons (plural)
cannon (UK mainly plural)

Attested from around 1400 as Middle English canon, canoun, from Old French canon, from Italian cannone, from Latin canna, from Ancient Greek κάννα (kánna, “reed”), from Akkadian 𒄀 (qanû, “reed”), from Sumerian 𒄀𒈾 (gi.na). Doublet of canyon. This spelling was not fixed until about 1800.

In English billiards, a cannon is when one’s cue ball strikes the other player’s cue ball and the red ball on the same shot; and it is worth two points.

(sports, billiards, snooker, pool) A carom.

He’s got a cannon out in right.

(baseball, figuratively, informal) The arm of a player who can throw well.


cannon

en-verb

cannon (third-person singular simple present cannons, present participle cannoning, simple past and past participle cannoned)

cannons (present singular third-person)
cannoning (participle present)
cannoned (participle past)
cannoned (past)

The white cannoned off the red onto the pink.

(sports, billiards, snooker, pool) To play the carom billiard shot; to strike two balls with the cue ball.


sabre

Borrowed from French sabre, from German Säbel, from Polish szabla, from Hungarian szablya. Cognate with Danish sabel, Russian са́бля (sáblja), Serbo-Croatian сабља, Sicilian sciàbbula.

(British spelling, Canadian spelling, fencing) A modern fencing sword modeled after the sabre.


conversation

en-noun

conversation (countable and uncountable, plural conversations)

[ˌkʰɒɱ.vəˈseɪ.ʃn̩]

[ˌkʰɑɱ.vɚˈseɪ.ʃn̩]

From Middle English conversacioun, from Old French conversacion and its etymon, Latin conversātiōnem, accusative singular of conversātiō (“conversation”), from conversor (“abide, keep company with”). Doublet of conversazione.
Morphologically converse + -ation.

(fencing) The back-and-forth play of the blades in a bout.


topo

(climbing) A map or sketch of a climbing route or area.


hop

From Middle English hoppen, from Old English hoppian (“to hop, spring, leap, dance”), from Proto-West Germanic *huppōn, from Proto-Germanic *huppōną (“to hop”), from Proto-Indo-European *kewb- (“to bend, bow”).
Cognate with Dutch hoppen (“to hop”), German hopfen, hoppen (“to hop”), Swedish hoppa (“to hop, leap, jump”), Icelandic hoppa (“to hop, skip”).

der

(sports, US) A bounce, especially from the ground, of a thrown or batted ball.


tube

From Middle French tube, from Latin tubus (“tube, pipe”), related to tuba (“long trumpet; war-trumpet”), of obscure ultimate origin, but possibly connected to tībia (“shinbone, reed-pipe”), see there.

you can't put the toothpaste back in the tube

you can't put the toothpaste back into the tube

(surfing) A wave which pitches forward when breaking, creating a hollow space inside.


tender

From tend + -er. Compare attender (“one who attends”).

Now, with scallop populations under pressure, Mr. Sewell is one of only about 30 active scallop divers left in his state. He and his tender, Jason Simmons, have harvested scallops together each winter and early spring for the past seven years. The rest of the year he catches bluefin tuna and dives for sea urchins.

2015 August 18, Christoph Gelfand, “’Diving for Scallops’”, in The New York Times, New York, N.Y.: The New York Times Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-12-25:

The first of two willful violations OSHA found were the diver and dive tender "performing dredging operations in a canal with zero-visibility, did not have the experience and training in the use of tools, equipment, systems, techniques, and emergency procedures which are required to perform these underwater tasks in a safe manner."

2022 October 19, David J. Neal, “Broward company 'ignored safety standards and a young worker has died,' OSHA says”, in Miami Herald, Miami, F.L.: McClatchy, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-06-22:

(diving) A member of a diving team who assists a diver during a dive but does not themselves go underwater.


sacrifice

en-noun

sacrifice (countable and uncountable, plural sacrifices)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *seh₂k-
Proto-Italic *sakros
Latin sacer
Latin sacrum
Proto-Italic *fakjō
Latin facio
Proto-Indo-European *-yōs
Proto-Italic *-jōs
Old Latin -ios
Latin -ius
Latin -ium
Latin sacrificiumlbor.
Old French sacrifisebor.
Middle English sacrifice
English sacrifice
From Middle English sacrifice (“act of offering a life or object to a deity; the life or object so offered; (Christianity) act of consecrating the elements in the mass”), from Anglo-Norman sacrefiz, and Old French sacrifice, sacrifise (modern French sacrifice), from Latin sacrificium (“something offered to a deity, sacrifice”), from sacrum (“sacrifice, sacrificial rite”) + faciō (“to do, to make”) + -ium (suffix forming abstract nouns). The noun sacrum is the nominalized neuter of the adjective sacer (“devoted to a deity for sacrifice; holy, sacred”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *seh₂k- (“ceremony, ritual; to make sacred”), and the verb faciō is ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁- (“to do; to place, put”). Related Latin formations include sacrificus (“of or pertaining to sacrifice, sacrificial”) and sacrificō (“to make a sacrifice”).
Cognates
* Italian sagrifizio
* Occitan sacrifici
* Portuguese sacrificio
* Spanish sacrificio

der

(baseball) Short for sacrifice bunt or sacrifice hit (“a play in which the batter intentionally hits the ball softly with a hands-spread batting stance at the cost of an out to advance one or more runners”).


sacrifice

en-verb

sacrifice (third-person singular simple present sacrifices, present participle sacrificing, simple past and past participle sacrificed)

sacrifices (present singular third-person)
sacrificing (participle present)
sacrificed (participle past)
sacrificed (past)
sacrifice (infinitive)

From Middle English sacrificen (“to offer a sacrifice to a deity”), from sacrifice (see etymology 1) + -en (suffix forming infinitives of verbs).

flijoj

(transitive) to offer (a human being or an animal, or an object) to a deity; (transitive) to offer a human being or an animal, or an object, to a deity

(baseball) Of a batter: to advance (one or more runners on base) by batting the ball so it can be fielded, placing the batter out but with insufficient time to put the runner(s) out.

sacrificar-se

(baseball, transitive) of a batter: to advance (one or more runners on base) by batting the ball so it can be fielded; (intransitive) to bat the ball so that it can be fielded

(baseball) Of a batter: to bat the ball so that it can be fielded, placing the batter out but allowing one or more runners on base to advance.


keystone

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-keystone.wav

From key + stone.
Definition 4 (retail) possibly originated in the jewelry industry in the magazine called "Jewelers' Circular-Keystone".

(baseball) The combination of the shortstop and second baseman.


basketball

en-noun

basketball (countable and uncountable, plural basketballs)

→ Catalan: basquetbol

→ Cebuano: basketbol

→ Crimean Tatar: basketbol

→ Czech: basketbal

→ French: basket-ball

→ Danish: basketball

→ Dutch: basketbal

→ German: Basketball

→ Gujarati: બાસ્કેટ બોલ (bāskeṭ bol)

desc

μπάσκετ-μπολ

→ Greek: μπάσκετ-μπολ (básket-bol)

→ Japanese: バスケットボール (basukettobōru)

→ Luxembourgish: Basketball

Norwegian:

→ Norwegian Bokmål: basketball

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: basketball

→ Persian: بسکتبال (basketbâl)

→ Portuguese: basquetebol

→ Russian: баскетбо́л (basketból) (see there for further descendants)

→ Spanish: básquetbol

→ Tagalog: básketból

→ Thai: บาสเกตบอล (báas-gét-bɔl)

→ Turkish: basketbol

→ Yiddish: באַסקעטבאָל (basketbol)

ܐܸܣܦܹܝܪ ܣܵܠܵܐ

→ Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܐܸܣܦܹܝܪ ܣܵܠܵܐ (ispēr sālā) (calque)

→ Asturian: baloncestu (calque)

→ Basque: saskibaloi (calque)

Chinese:

→ Mandarin: 籃球 /篮球 (lánqiú), 篮球 (lánqiú) (calque)

→ Estonian: korvpall (calque)

→ Faroese: kurvabóltur (calque)

→ Finnish: koripallo (calque)

→ Galician: baloncesto (calque)

כַּדּוּרְסַל

→ Hebrew: כַּדּוּרְסַל (calque)

→ Hungarian: kosárlabda (calque)

→ Icelandic: körfubolti (calque)

→ Italian: pallacanestro (calque)

→ Japanese: 籠球 (calque)

→ Korean: 농구(籠球) (nonggu) (calque)

→ Scottish Gaelic: ball-basgaid (calque)

→ Spanish: baloncesto (calque)

→ Swahili: mpira wa kikapu (calque)

→ Turkish: sepet topu (calque)

→ Venetan: bałacanestro (calque)

→ Vietnamese: bóng rổ (calque)

→ Yiddish: קוישבאָל (koyshbol) (calque)

ബാസ്ക്കറ്റ്ബോള്

bāskkaṟṟbōḷŭ

to play basketball

(sports, uncountable) A sport in which two opposing teams of five players strive to put a ball through a hoop.


iso

en-noun

iso (countable and uncountable, plural isos)

“I can remember lining up against them and saying, ‘This is the 15th iso that you’re going to get.’ ”

2007 January 5, Pete Thamel, quoting Greg Mattison, “Scoreboard Shows This Isn't the Same Old Ohio State”, in New York Times:

(American football, basketball) An isolation play in basketball or American football.


IP

IP (countable and uncountable, plural IPs)

(baseball, countable, invariant) Initialism of innings pitched (the statistic reporting the number of innings pitched by a pitcher.)


hutch

From Middle English hucche (“storage chest”), variation of whucce, from Old English hwiċe, hwiċċe (“box, chest”). Spelling influenced by Old French huche (“chest”), from Medieval Latin hūtica, from a different Germanic root, from Frankish *hutta, from Proto-Germanic *hudjō, *hudjǭ (“box, hut, hutch”). Akin to Old English hȳdan (“to conceal; hide”). More at hide, hut.
(cricket pavilion or dressing room): An extension of the rabbit metaphor.

(cricket, slang) The pavilion or dressing room.


buck

From Middle English bukke, bucke, buc, from Old English buc, bucc, bucca (“he-goat, stag”), from Proto-West Germanic *bukk, *bukkō, from Proto-Germanic *bukkaz, *bukkô (“buck”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuǵ- (“ram”). Doublet of puck (billy goat).
Currency-related senses hail from American English, a clipping of buckskin as a unit of trade among Indians and Europeans in frontier days (attested from 1748).
The idea of rigidly standing implements is instilled by Dutch bok (“sawhorse”) as in zaagbok (“sawbuck”).
The sense of an object indicating someone’s turn then occurred in American English, possibly originating from the game poker, where a knife (typically with a hilt made from a stag horn) was used as a place-marker to signify whose turn it was to deal. The place-marker was commonly referred to as a buck, which reinforced the term “pass the buck” used in poker, and eventually a silver dollar was used in place of a knife, which also led to a dollar being referred to as a buck.

(African-American Vernacular, dated, dance) Synonym of buck dance.


crimp

From Middle English crimpen (“to be contracted, be drawn together”), from Middle Dutch crimpen, crempen (“to crimp”), from Proto-Germanic *krimpaną (“to shrink, draw back”) (compare related Old English ġecrympan (“to curl”)). Cognate with Dutch krimpen, German Low German krimpen, Faroese kreppa (“crisis”), and Icelandic kreppa (“to bend tightly, clench”). Compare also derivative Middle English crymplen (“to wrinkle”) and causative crempen (“to turn something back, restrain”, literally “to cause to shrink or draw back”), both ultimately derived from the same root. See also cramp.

cog

(climbing) A small hold with little surface area.


crimp

en-verb

crimp (third-person singular simple present crimps, present participle crimping, simple past and past participle crimped)

crimps (present singular third-person)
crimping (participle present)
crimped (participle past)
crimped (past)


kip

(gymnastics) A basic skill or maneuver in artistic gymnastics on the uneven bars, parallel bars, high bar and still rings used, for example, as a way of mounting the bar in a front support position, or achieving a handstand from a hanging position. In its basic form, the legs are swung forward and upward by bending the hips, then suddenly down again, which gives the upward impulse to the body.

kippi

gymnastics: move or maneuver from below the equipment to above it


kip

kip (third-person singular simple present kips, present participle kipping, simple past and past participle kipped)

kips (present singular third-person)
kipping (participle present)
kipped (participle past)
kipped (past)

(gymnastics, intransitive) To perform the kip maneuver.


poke

From Middle English poken, perhaps from Middle Dutch poken or Middle Low German poken, both from Proto-West Germanic *pukōn or similar, which is itself of uncertain origin, but may be from an imitative Proto-Germanic root *puk-. Doublet of poach.

onomatopoeic

imitative

better than a poke in the eye with a burnt stick

better than a poke in the eye with a rusty nail

better than a poke in the eye with a sharp stick

better than a poke in the eye with a shitty stick

(baseball, slang) A hit, especially an extra base hit.


murder

en-verb

murder (third-person singular simple present murders, present participle murdering, simple past and past participle murdered)

murders (present singular third-person)
murdering (participle present)
murdered (participle past)
murdered (past)
murther (alternative)

From Middle English murder, murdre, mourdre, alteration of earlier murthre (“murder”) (see murther), from Old English morþor (“secret slaying, unlawful killing”) and Old English myrþra (“murder, homicide”), both from Proto-West Germanic *morþr, from Proto-Germanic *murþrą (“death, killing, murder”), from Proto-Indo-European *mr̥tro- (“killing”), from Proto-Indo-European *mer-, *mor-, *mr̥- (“to die”). Akin to Gothic 𐌼𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌸𐍂 (maurþr, “murder”), Old High German mord (“murder”), Old Norse morð (“murder”), Old English myrþrian (“to murder”) and morþ.
The -d- in the Middle English form may have been influenced in part by Anglo-Norman murdre, from Old French murdre, from Medieval Latin murdrum (whence the English doublet of murdrum), from Frankish *morþr, *murþr (“murder”), from the same Germanic root, though this may also have been wholly the result of internal development (compare burden, from burthen).
(crows): Attested at least since 1475.

inh

Our team is going to murder them.

(transitive, sports, figuratively, colloquial, hyperbolic) To defeat decisively.


worm

From Middle English worm, werm, wurm, wirm, from Old English wyrm (“worm, snake”), from Proto-Germanic *wurmiz, from Proto-Indo-European *wr̥mis, possibly from *wer- (“to turn”). Doublet of vermin and wyrm, the latter of which is a fairly recent borrowing directly from the Old English.
(computing): First computer usage by John Brunner in his 1975 book The Shockwave Rider.
Cognates
Germanic cognates include Dutch worm, West Frisian wjirm, German Wurm, Swedish orm (“snake”), Norwegian Nynorsk orm (“earthworm or snake”), Danish orm and Yiddish וואָרעם (vorem).
Indo-European cognates include Latin vermis (“worm”), Lithuanian var̃mas (“insect, midge”), Albanian rrime (“rainworm”), Ancient Greek ῥόμος (rhómos, “woodworm”).

шнек

something helical, especially the thread of a screw

(cricket) A graphical representation of the total runs scored across a number of overs.


seed

en-noun

seed (countable and uncountable, plural seeds)

From Middle English seed, sede, side, from Old English sēd, sǣd (“seed, that which is sown”), from Proto-West Germanic *sād, from Proto-Germanic *sēdą, from Proto-Indo-European *seh₁- (“to sow, throw”).
Cognate with West Frisian sied (“seed”), Dutch zaad (“seed”), Low German Saad (“seed”), German Saat (“sowing; seed”), Icelandic sæði (“seed”), Danish sæd (“seed”), Swedish säd (“seed”), Latin satiō (“seeding, time of sowing, season”). More at sow.

alkutilanne

initial state, condition or position of a process

The team with the best regular season record receives the top seed in the conference tournament.

(countable) The initial state, condition or position of a changing, growing or developing process; the ultimate precursor in a defined chain of precursors.

(sports) The initial position of a competitor or team in a tournament. (seed position)

tête de série

initial position of a competitor in a tournament


seed

en-verb

seed (third-person singular simple present seeds, present participle seeding, simple past and past participle seeded)

seeds (present singular third-person)
seeding (participle present)
seeded (participle past)
seeded (past)
sede (alternative)

Everybody likes to second‐guess computers, including who seed the pros. Nothing could have better exposed the vulnerability of the computer seeding than the spectacle of clay‐court experts looking like weekend hackers on grass.

1979 July 2, “Reflection on the Seedings Fills Pause at Wimbledon”, in The New York Times:

(sports, gaming) To allocate a seeding to a competitor.


root

root (third-person singular simple present roots, present participle rooting, simple past and past participle rooted)

roots (present singular third-person)
rooting (participle present)
rooted (participle past)
rooted (past)
wrout (alternative)
rout (alternative)
wroot (alternative)

From Middle English wrōten (“to dig with the snout”), from Old English wrōtan, from Proto-West Germanic *wrōtan, from Proto-Germanic *wrōtaną (“to dig out, to root”). Related to Old English wrōt (“snout; trunk”). Loss of initial w- probably due to influence from the related noun (Etymology 1).

furgar

coarse slang: to have sexual intercourse

(equestrianism, of a horse) To tug or pull at the reins aggressively by driving the head downwards while wearing a bit.

搶口 /抢口

of a horse: to tug or pull at the reins aggressively by driving the head downwards


walk

en-verb

walk (third-person singular simple present walks, present participle walking, simple past and past participle walked)

walks (present singular third-person)
walking (participle present)
walked (participle past)
walked (past)
walk (infinitive)

Chinese Pidgin English: walkee

From Middle English walken (“to move, walk, roll, turn, revolve, toss”), a conflation of Old English wealcan (“to move round, revolve, roll, turn, toss”) (ġewealcan (“to go, traverse”)) and Old English wealcian (“to curl, roll up”); both from Proto-West Germanic *walkan, from Proto-Germanic *walkaną, *walkōną (“to twist, turn, roll about, full”), from Proto-Indo-European *walg- (“to twist, turn, move”).
Cognate with Scots walk (“to walk”), Saterland Frisian walkje (“to full; drum; flex; mill”), West Frisian swalkje (“to wander, roam”), Dutch walken (“to full, work hair or felt”), Dutch zwalken (“to wander about”), German walken (“to flex, full, mill, drum”), Danish valke (“to waulk, full”), Latin valgus (“bandy-legged, bow-legged”), Sanskrit वल्गति (válgati, “amble, bound, leap, dance”). More at vagrant and whelk. Doublet of waulk.

cog

(intransitive, cricket, of a batsman) To walk off the field, as if given out, after the fielding side appeals and before the umpire has ruled; done as a matter of sportsmanship when the batsman believes he is out.

(transitive, baseball) To allow a batter to reach base by pitching four balls.

aya

baseball: to allow to advance after four balls

(intransitive, baseball, of a batter) To reach base by being pitched four balls.


walk

From Middle English walk, walke, walc, from Old English *wealc (as in Old English wealcspinl) and ġewealc (“a rolling motion, attack”), from Proto-Germanic *walką. Cognate with Icelandic válk (“a rolling around, a tossing to and fro, trouble, distress”).

(sports) An Olympic Games track event requiring that the heel of the leading foot touch the ground before the toe of the trailing foot leaves the ground.

The pitcher now has two walks in this inning alone.

(baseball) An award of first base to a batter following four balls being thrown by the pitcher; known in the rules as a "base on balls".


squeeze

en-verb

squeeze (third-person singular simple present squeezes, present participle squeezing, simple past squeezed or (nonstandard) squoze, past participle squeezed or (nonstandard) squozen)

squeezes (present singular third-person)
squeezing (participle present)
squeezed (past)
squoze (nonstandard past)
squeezed (participle past)
squozen (nonstandard participle past)

From earlier squize, squise (whence also dialectal English squizzen and squeege), first attested around 1600, further origin uncertain; probably an alteration of quease (which is attested since 1550), from Middle English queisen (“to squeeze”), from Old English cwēsan, cwȳsan (“to crush, squeeze”), itself also of unknown origin, perhaps imitative (compare Swedish qväsa, kväsa (“to squeeze, bruise, crush; quell”), Dutch kwetsen (“to injure, hurt”), German quetschen (“to squeeze”)). Or, a blend of obsolete squiss (“to squeeze”) (whence also squash and squish) with quease. Compare also French esquicher from Old Occitan esquichar (“to press, squeeze”).
The slang expression "to put the squeeze on (someone or something)", meaning "to exert influence", is from 1711. The baseball term "squeeze play" is first recorded 1905. "Main squeeze" ("most important person") is attested from 1896, the specific meaning "one's sweetheart, lover" is attested in 1970s.
The nonstandard strong forms squoze and squozen, attested dialectally since at least the mid-19th century, are by analogy with freeze.

cog

Jones squeezed in Smith with a perfect bunt.

(transitive, baseball) To attempt to score a runner from third by bunting.

ճզմրտուք

baseball: to attempt to score a runner from third by bunting


squeeze

The game ended in exciting fashion with a failed squeeze.

(baseball) The act of bunting in an attempt to score a runner from third.

スクイズ

baseball: the act of bunting in an attempt to score a runner from third


rouge

en-noun

rouge (countable and uncountable, plural rouges)

Borrowed from French rouge, from Latin rubeus. Compare rare Middle English rouge, rouȝ (“red”); later borrowed again, as it is not attested until c. 1750. The game senses are of unknown origin according to the Oxford English Dictionary.

(Canadian football) A single point awarded when a team kicks the ball out of its opponent's end zone, or when a kicked ball becomes dead within the non-kicking team's end zone. Etymology uncertain; it is thought that in the early years of the sport, a red flag indicated that a single had been scored.


insistence

insistence (countable and uncountable, plural insistences)

From Middle English insistence, derived from Old French insister (“to insist”). Compare Middle French insistance.
Morphologically insist + -ence.

(fencing) The forcing of an attack through the parry, using strength.


deny

en-verb

deny (third-person singular simple present denies, present participle denying, simple past and past participle denied)

denies (present singular third-person)
denying (participle present)
denied (participle past)
denied (past)
deny (infinitive)

confirm

antonym(s) of “assert something is true”

From Middle English denyen, from Old French denoier (“to deny, to repudiate”) (French dénier), from Latin denegare (“to deny, to refuse”), from de- (“away”) and negare (“to refuse”), the latter ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ne (“no, not”). Doublet of denegate.

der

Another Karadeniz cross led to Cudicini's first save of the night, with the Spurs keeper making up for a weak punch by brilliantly pushing away Christian Noboa's snap-shot.
Two more top-class stops followed quickly afterwards, first from Natcho's rasping shot which was heading into the top corner, and then to deny Ryazantsev at his near post.

2011 November 3, Chris Bevan, “Rubin Kazan 1 - 0 Tottenham”, in BBC Sport:

(sports, transitive) To prevent from scoring.


cup

→ Farefare: kɔpɩ

→ Hebrew: קאפ (kap)

→ Japanese: カップ (kappu)

desc

→ Kashubian: kopsa (Canada, United States)

→ Korean: 컵 (keop)

→ Maori: kapu

Inherited from Middle English cuppe, coppe, from the merger of Old English cuppe (“cup”) and Old English copp (“cup, vessel”).
Old English cuppe is a borrowing from Late Latin cuppa, itself of obscure origin, but probably from earlier Latin cūpa (“tub, cask”), from Proto-Indo-European *kewp- (“a hollow”). Old English copp, however, is from Proto-West Germanic *kopp (“round object, bowl, vessel, knoll, summit, crown of the head”), from Proto-Germanic *kuppaz, from Proto-Indo-European *gew- (“to bend, curve, arch”) (whence also obsolete English cop (“top, summit, crown of the head”), German Kopf (“top, head”)).
The Middle English word was further reinforced by Anglo-Norman cupe and Old French cope, coupe, from Latin cuppa. Compare also Saterland Frisian Kop (“cup”), West Frisian kop (“cup”), Dutch kop (“cup”), German Low German Koppke, Köppke (“cup”), Danish kop (“cup”), Swedish kopp (“cup”). Doublet of coupe, hive, and keeve.

unk

obscure

cog

that and a dollar will get you a cup of coffee

that and a nickel will buy you a cup of coffee

that and twenty-five cents will get you a cup of coffee

there's many a slip between the cup and the lip

there's many a slip twixt the cup and the lip

Until it was disbanded in 1999, the European Cup-Winners Cup was contested annually by the winners of Europe's national cups.

2002, Rob Dimery, Peter Watts, Guinness world records, Gullane Children's Books, →ISBN:

Wallace had the unique distinction of being the only player ever to play in the English, Welsh and Scottish Cups in the same season.

2011, Michael Grant, Rob Robertson, The Management: Scotland's Great Football Bosses, Birlinn, →ISBN:

One week earlier, they had lost 5-2 to Borussia Dortmund in the DFB-Pokal [the German cup] final in Berlin.

2014, Martí Perarnau, Pep Confidential: Inside Pep Guardiola's First Season at Bayern Munich, Birlinn, →ISBN:

(soccer) The main knockout tournament in a country, organised alongside the league.

The ball just misses the cup.

(golf) A cup-shaped object placed in the target hole.

cassoleta

golf: cup-shaped object placed in the target hole


joey

From Joseph Grimaldi (1778–1837), a popular English entertainer.


steward

From Middle English steward, stiward, from Old English stīweard, stiġweard (“steward, housekeeper, one who has the superintendence of household affairs, guardian”), from stiġ (“a wooden enclosure; house, hall”) + weard (“ward, guard, guardian, keeper”), equivalent to sty + ward. Compare Icelandic stívarður (“steward”). More at sty, ward.

управител

any administrator of the property or affairs of another

(motor racing) Person responsible for the arbitration of incidents at a motor racing event and whether or not fines/penalties should be issued for such incidents.


address

Tok Pisin: adres

→ Bole: adireshi

→ Cebuano: adres

→ Sinhalese: ඇඩ්රස් (æḍras)

→ Tagalog: adres

From Middle English adressen (“to raise erect, adorn”), from Old French adrecier (“to straighten, address”) (modern French adresser), from a- (from Latin ad (“to”)) + drecier (modern French dresser (“to straighten, arrange”)), from Vulgar Latin *dīrectiō, from Latin dīrēctus (“straight or right”), from the verb dīrigō, itself from regō (“to govern, to rule”). Cognate with Spanish aderezar (“to garnish; dress (food); to add spices”).

osoite

property — see also location, property, premises, residence

valmistautuminen

(obsolete in English) act of getting ready — see also preparation

(golf, Scotland) The act of bringing the head of the club up to the ball in preparation for swinging.

The Dictionary of the Scots Language
w:Dictionary of the Scots Language

Scottish Language Dictionaries
w:Scottish Language Dictionaries


address

en-verb

address (third-person singular simple present addresses, present participle addressing, simple past and past participle addressed or (obsolete) addrest)

addresses (present singular third-person)
addressing (participle present)
addressed (participle past)
addressed (past)
addrest (obsolete participle past)
addrest (obsolete past)

(transitive, golf, Scotland) To get ready to hit (the ball on the tee).


qualify

qualify (third-person singular simple present qualifies, present participle qualifying, simple past and past participle qualified)

qualifies (present singular third-person)
qualifying (participle present)
qualified (participle past)
qualified (past)

Borrowed from Middle French qualifier (“to qualify”). Equivalent to quality + -fy.

bor+

to qualify seven balls you need at least fourteen catches

(juggling) To throw and catch each object at least twice.


qualify

(juggling) An instance of throwing and catching each prop at least twice.


decision

en-noun

decision (countable and uncountable, plural decisions)

Derived from Middle French, from Latin dēcīsiō, dēcīsiōnis, from dēcīdō (“to decide”).

(baseball) A win or a loss awarded to a pitcher.


decision

en-verb

decision (third-person singular simple present decisions, present participle decisioning, simple past and past participle decisioned)

decisions (present singular third-person)
decisioning (participle present)
decisioned (participle past)
decisioned (past)

(boxing) To defeat an opponent by a decision of the judges, rather than by a knockout


pea

From having the appearance of a pea (see English etymology 1), the edible seed of Pisum sativum, the pea plant.

(baseball) A ball travelling at high velocity.


sauce

en-noun

sauce (countable and uncountable, plural sauces)

→ Japanese: ソース

→ Scottish Gaelic: sabhs

PIE word
 *séh₂ls
From Middle English sauce, from Old French sause, from Vulgar Latin *salsa, noun use of the feminine of Latin salsus (“salted”), past participle of saliō (“I salt”), from sal. Doublet of salsa.
For the meaning development compare Ancient Greek ἥδυσμα (hḗdusma) ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *swéh₂dus (whence also English sweet).

source (non-rhotic, horse–hoarse merger)

what's sauce for the goose is sauce for the gander


peg

From Middle English pegge, from Middle Dutch pegge (“pin, peg”), from Old Dutch *pigg-, *pegg-, from Proto-Germanic *pig-, *pag- (“peg, stake”), from Proto-Indo-European *bak-, *baḱ- (“club, pointed stick, peg”). Cognate with Dutch dialectal peg (“pin”), Low German pig, pigge (“peg, stick with a point”), Low German pegel (“post, stake”), Swedish pigg (“tooth, spike”), Danish pig (“spike”), Norwegian Bokmål pigg (“spike”), Irish bac (“stick, crook”), Latin baculum (“staff”), Latvian bakstît (“to poke”), Ancient Greek βάκτρον (báktron, “staff, walking stick”). Related to beak.
This is one of the very few English words that begin with a p and come from Proto-Germanic. Proto-Germanic *p, when not in a consonant cluster beginning with *s, developed by Grimm's law from the Proto-Indo-European consonant *b, which was very rare.
(To indicate or ascribe an attribute to):: Assumed to originate from the use of pegs or pins as markers on a bulletin board or a list.

sense

Lindy hit the pegs with five deliveries out of six.

1961, Colin McCool, Cricket is a Game, page 123:


battery

en-noun

battery (countable and uncountable, plural batteries)

Korean: 배터리 (baeteori)

Borrowed from Middle French batterie, from Old French baterie (“action of beating”), from batre (“battre”), from Latin battuō (“beat”), from Gaulish. Doublet of batterie.

der

(baseball) The catcher and the pitcher together


destroy

en-verb

destroy (third-person singular simple present destroys, present participle destroying, simple past and past participle destroyed)

destroys (present singular third-person)
destroying (participle present)
destroyed (participle past)
destroyed (past)

From Middle English destroyen, from Old French destruire, Vulgar Latin *destrugō, from Classical Latin dēstruō, from dē- (“un-, de-”) + struō (“I build”).

This exercise is going to destroy all parts of your shoulders.

(transitive, bodybuilding, slang, antiphrasis) To exhaust completely and thus recreate or build up.


jam

en-noun

jam (countable and uncountable, plural jams)

→ Armenian: ջեմ (ǰem)

→ Azerbaijani: cem

→ Belarusian: джэм (džem)

→ Bengali: জ্যাম (jêm)

→ Bulgarian: джем (džem)

→ Cantonese: 占 (zim1, zem1)

→ Czech: džem

→ Dutch: jam

→ Estonian: džemm

→ Finnish: jamit

→ French: jam

→ Georgian: ჯემი (ǯemi)

→ Hindi: जाम (jām)

→ Japanese: ジャム (jamu)

→ Kazakh: джем (djem)

→ Korean: 잼 (jaem)

→ Kyrgyz: джем (djem)

→ Macedonian: џем (džem)

→ Malay: jem

→ Polish: dżem

→ Romanian: gem

→ Russian: джем (džem)

→ Saanich: ĆÁM

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Latin script: džȅm

Cyrillic script: џе̏м

→ Sinhalese: ජෑම් (jǣm)

→ Slovak: džem

→ Swahili: jemu

→ Swedish: jam

→ Tajik: джем (džem)

→ Thai: แยม (yɛɛm)

→ Ukrainian: джем (džem)

→ Urdu: جام (jām)

→ Welsh: jam

First attested in the early 18th c. as a verb meaning “to press, be pressed, be wedged in”. Compare dialectal jammock (“to press, squeeze, crush into a soft mass, chew food"; also "a soft, pulpy substance”). Perhaps from Middle English chammen, champen ("to bite upon something, gnash the teeth"; whence modern champ, chomp), of uncertain origin; probably originally onomatopoeic.
The "performance" sense is first attested with regards to jazz in 1929, and its origin, though uncertain, is likely metaphorical, "something sweet made by the combination of many things", with influence from jamboree.

onomatopoeic

onomatopoeic

The pitcher's in a jam now, having walked the bases loaded with the cleanup hitter coming to bat.

(countable, baseball) A difficult situation for a pitcher or defending team.

(countable, basketball) A forceful dunk.

I used a whole series of fist and foot jams in that crack.

(climbing, countable) Any of several maneuvers requiring wedging of an extremity into a tight space.


jam

en-verb

jam (third-person singular simple present jams, present participle jamming, simple past and past participle jammed)

jams (present singular third-person)
jamming (participle present)
jammed (participle past)
jammed (past)

onomatopoeic

onomatopoeic

Jones was jammed by the pitch.

(baseball) To throw a pitch at or near the batter's hands.

syöttää käsiä päin

baseball: to throw a pitch at or near the batter's hands


toss

From Middle English tossen (“to buffet about, agitate, toss; to sift or winnow”), of uncertain origin. Perhaps from Old Norse (compare dialectal Norwegian tossa, dialectal Swedish tossa (“to strew, spread”)), or perhaps from an alteration of Middle English tosen (“to tease, pull apart, shred; to wound, injure”). Compare also Dutch tassen (“to pile or heap up, stack”).
The Welsh tos (“a quick jerk”) and tosio (“to jerk, toss”) are probably borrowed from the English.

cog

(cricket, soccer) The coin toss before a cricket match in order to decide who bats first, or before a football match in order to decide the direction of play.


toss

en-verb

toss (third-person singular simple present tosses, present participle tossing, simple past and past participle tossed or (obsolete) tost)

tosses (present singular third-person)
tossing (participle present)
tossed (participle past)
tossed (past)
tost (obsolete participle past)
tost (obsolete past)

(rowing) To peak (the oars), to lift them from the rowlocks and hold them perpendicularly, the handle resting on the bottom of the boat.


develop

develop (third-person singular simple present develops, present participle developing, simple past and past participle developed or (archaic, rare) developt)

develops (present singular third-person)
developing (participle present)
developed (participle past)
developed (past)
developt (archaic participle past rare)
developt (archaic past rare)
develope (alternative)

Borrowed from French développer, from Middle French desveloper, from Old French desveloper, from des- + voloper, veloper, vloper (“to wrap, wrap up”) (compare Italian sviluppare, Old Italian alternative form goluppare (“to wrap”)) from Vulgar Latin *vloppō, *wloppō (“to wrap”) ultimately from Proto-Germanic *wrappaną, *wlappaną (“to wrap, roll up, turn, wind”), from Proto-Indo-European *werb- (“to turn, bend”) http://www.wordnik.com/words/envelop. Akin to Middle English wlappen (“to wrap, fold”) (Modern English lap (“to wrap, involve, fold”)), Middle English wrappen (“to wrap”), Middle Dutch lappen (“to wrap up, embrace”), dialectal Danish vravle (“to wind, twist”), Middle Low German wrempen (“to wrinkle, scrunch, distort”), Old English wearp (“warp”). The word acquired its modern meaning from the 17th-century belief that an egg contains the animal in miniature and matures by growing larger and shedding its envelopes.

cog

(snooker, pool) To cause a ball to become more open and available to be played on later. Usually by moving it away from the cushion, or by opening a pack.


batsman

batswoman

batsman; when is treated as both male and female

(cricket) A player of the batting side now on the field.

battitore

cricket: player of the batting side on the field

The batsman, Kathryn Leng, (who has played for quite a few years for England) asked the umpire dumbfounded if Charlie was going to bowl with a helmet on.

2001 June 19, Julia Price, “Julia's Ashes Diary 2001”, in Women's Cricket in Australia -Ashes Tour 2001, southernstars.org, archived from the original on 2015-03-22:

(cricket) The player now receiving strike; the striker.

(cricket) Any player selected for his or her team principally to bat, as opposed to a bowler.

lyöjä

cricket: player principally selected to bat